b. at Ki tudyi ор S.F. Jan 8, 1899 Walter Paxon: From the Blibrary of Edwin tayon. 1898. MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY 1927-492 Museums QH 109 J5 S63 Coco Sir HANS SLOANE, Bart C A To the Iflands A N D V O Y A G E Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S. Chriſtophers JAMAICA , Natural Hiſtory WITH THE OF THE Herbs and Trees, Four-footed Beasts, Fiſhes, Birds, Infedts, Reptiles, &c Of the laſt of thoſe ISLANDS; To which is prefix'd An INTRODUCTION, Wherein is an Account of the Inhabitants,Air Waters Diſeaſes,Trade,&c of that Place, with ſome Relations concerning the Neigh- bouring Continent, and Iſlands of America. ILLUSTRATED WITH The Figures of the Things deſcribid, which have not been heretofore engraved; In large Copper-Plates as big as the Life. By HANS SLO A NE, M.D. Fellow of the College of Phyſicians and Secretary of the Royal-Society. In Two Volumes. Vol. I. Many ſhall run to and fro, and Knowledge ſhall be increaſed. Dan. xii. 4. L 0 N 0 0 N: Printed by B. M. for the Author, 1707. DAYO zodijo do 323iMonden 1.ohni ADIAMA to I 2500 bat baszott 03. Solid AISI or to il 10 Acido VIOIDUOTI song noorso th to abuelas minanimed TITIV TATOUI Dahalobegnid Tartozatalot Dovrigao 910loterori nood jon over tidur In den sista 3230000 € 0122 Na pintata basm T lo solo 3 ori lo volls? 191903 thatod 1.VI.29molov OWT felix as toen al het glas ons bien como 0 polus A als 101 M.@dani To Her Moft Excellent Majeſty, The QUEEN: THIS Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica, ONE OF The Largest and moſt Conſiderable OF Her Majeſty's PLANTATIONS IN A M E R I CA. Is with all Humility Dedicated, BY Her Majeſty's moſt dutiful and moft obedient Subject, Hans Sloane. di Manollbox INOM HOT и ало ОР poisons in colia Irimina 2. На И oldn't bolo o . ТОНИО 1 РИОТТА ТИ Е loo А ЯМА Hothoils, FL The bne malom MOH dne an ibada that Stoanes chamaica. Vol. I. 23. for 10 on Iron. 133 2.22 24. V osmice. ce 12 23 7 r. aften 1 . 23 u 140 l. . 30 tearriere 38 39 coumar l. 20 dele 1.17 it un the Mamaca 46 < 61 dele as and ce their r. to 다 ​Chirirgeous used when they were, bandry illet enn be burassao 2 on 62 rro Introduction Page 2, line 11. read Guardiani. page 114.6.11. read his hach. 1.4o. most who 7 100.000 read 1.000.000 for 100.000 read 18 31 2. Gridiron 123 penuit, dele she Plaky frou an add an. afla 28 r. Rats 134 l. 11 or at most Persous 24 more of 135 l. 19 In kere read there 136 l. 19 be cald sie soneteries the few Nighli metright, ulla r. her, 16 all the n Thought ~ 144 l. 14 137.2 bol. Seser. 21. r and great » 146 l. 14 fos ofteruatore r. alterative Oct 26. 2 a very easy 146. 28 r. several times to Beeq. add sysenteries very the other 147. l.2 r. after much rain 147: E. as they can. 150. l. 2 for not done xud onutted. t. 2° are l. 16 150 l. 4 4 47 4's d. 29 coften them, when 150 le 32 s. 48 l. 41 49 l. c7 dele it Page 13. lines for Mest read East 52 l. 16 r. sometimes 8.2 l 32 dele the comma after Pizurinng. 47 pen. Ier westroundly r. easterly. 56 e 137 15 Sony 18 Journefort 56. l. 34 or breslaus descended from Then, antepen. Dele the leaves and" 60 l. 23 sonce other places nautespen, . Spongia.ibil n. dijilata (as well as the deum or Jurce from the bas , 61 l. 372 83 62. C. 14 & afte sent to the 2 Quantity of e u 47 V. 5 3 62 C-18 r. Chountains LXXVI, 4*XY/), to two to the end A ned og blauklio ( 7 2 6 2 2 34 dele the comma Peu rastes. 116 l. 27 fer 84r. 74 130 l. 14 r 85. X, 141. fig.l. 75d. Vinifera 2 76 l. 12 dele it 134 l. 19 r. kind. 149 2. 17 r. stupefied Venzo: " . often together 83 [.2. for it read thegi 83 C. 6 r &3 e 18 - 161. 1.7. for beds read seed. 88 I. 19 selling a 161. l. 13 the leaves of this, and for theyr.it. 8 3 1.24. after English addcolon. 165. 1. 50. and after on, nine, & dele nime at end fline. 83 l. 24 dele käesashe. 87 l. 41 Mater add & SC. 2 Particle, which r. out again 27 - 96. k. 36 & which see. 25 1179 l. 23 a 184 l. ult. D. fig. 2. ayting a Distumper which l. 18 for are rea 187. l. 18 for . Prestles which are read is 199.C. 24 r. deed-Kessel 106 l. 13 disenot which - 201 1.43. 128 108 1.31 on the same put no r Tab. 151. Rigl. lo s t-35 r. Shprician 250 l. 24. r., jointed zegenteich the operation ch the betteastick rosaceis steks 111 l. antepen for of red or. 259. l. 39. irregularly XX. 260.2.19 112. 13 dele flist of 112 l. 35 for ty read [banes. . cele radice 93 l. 4 - کو . aften Peus, 3 l. 37 r. add a comme dele on. their. 1.2 C. 1.9 r. since add then colon 4 r Xell. -767. t. 57 167 l. 43 - 175 l. 2 very much. 95 l. 2 Tears, Υ. r 97 l. 40 re r. 219 c. 2, a sor C. 36 n 252 l.22. ة ليه ra Museum 9-21-39 2O ALLOT oder biwira za rokes Wodlad svadu soirA Hoy on the sot do hool bild de la nit is on THE 2 Puolis na diena heb host soumenitapo commilit Birripere PREFACE I con 01 bdo lo to si T is now Eighteen Years ſince I went Phyſician to the Duke of Albemarle to Jamaica. I had from my Youth been very much pleas'd with the Study of Plants, and other Parts of Nature, and had ſeen moſt of thoſe Kinds of Curioſities, which were to be found either in the Fields, or in the Gardens or Cabinets of the Curious in theſe Parts. The Accounts of theſe ſtrange Things, which I met with in Collections, and, was inform’d, were common in the Weſt-Indies, were not ſo ſatisfa&tory as I deſired. I was Young, and could not be ſo eaſy, if I had not the pleaſure to ſee what I had heard ſo much of, eſpecially ſince it had been a great contentment to me, to ſee many things cultivated in Engliſh Gardens which I had ſeen grow wild in other Countries, whereof I conceived my ſelf afterwards to be better appris'd, than I was of ſuch as I had not ſeen common in the Fields, and in plenty. I thought by that means the Ideas of them would be better imprinted in my Mind, and that, upon occaſion, both the knowledge of them and their Uſes might be afterwards more familiar to me. Theſe Inclinations remain’d with me ſome time after I had ſettled my ſelf to practiſe Phyſic in London, and had had the Honour to be admitted a Fellow of the College of Phyſicians, as well as of the Royal Society. Theſe unnterited Favours did not at all alter. my mind, but rather incited me to do what I could to be no uſeleſs Member, but to caſt in my Mite towards the Advancement of Natural Knowlege, and the Faculty of Phyſic, and by that means endeavour to deſerve a Place amongſt ſo many Great and Worthy Perſons : This Voyage ſeemd likewiſe to promiſe to be uſeful to me, as a. Phyſician ; many of the Antient and beſt Phyſicians having travell.d to the Places whence their Drugs were brought, to inform themſelves concerning them, ? 01. boy 1990 191 dzis zimo 2010 connota 10 il His Grace, the Duke of Albemarle having obtaind the ſupreme DO Command of the Iſland of Jamaica, and other Parts of Englifh- America doo 9-22-39 A dAW The PREFACE. America, where he ſhould arrive, employ'd Dr. Barwick, who was his Phyſician, to look out for one who could take care of Him and his Family in caſe of Sickneſs ; Dr. Barwick ſpake to me in this matter, enquiring if any Phyſician of my Acquaintance would undertake it. This ſeem'd to me to be ſuch an Opportunity as I my ſelf wanted, to view the Places and Things I deſign’d, and at the ſame time to proſecute the Practice of Phyſic; wherefore I deſir'd he would give me time to think of it, and after due conſideration I reſolv’d to go, provided fome Preliminaries and Conditions were agreed to, which were all granted. I intended ſo ſoon as on board to have made ſeveral Experiments and Obſervations in the Voyage, but was prevented by a very long and tedious Sea-Sickneſs, unlefs in ſome particulars, of which I have given an Account in the enſuing Voyage. His Grace the Duke of Albemarl's Commiſſion and Inſtructions requiring he ſhould muſter all the Forces of the Engliſh- Caribe-Iſlands, in his way to Jamaica, made him ſtop fome days at moj of them, which gave me an opportunity of Spending ſome time in looking after the Curioſities of thoſe Places, which are taken Notice of in the Voyage thither. I have left out moſt of whatever is related by any Author I had peruſed, unleſs what they mention of the Uſes of Plants, or ſuch particulars wherein I thought they were miſtaken. adds til Upon my Arrival in Jamaica, I took what pains. I could at leiſure- Hours from the Buſineſs of my Profeſſion, to ſearch the ſeveral Places I could think afforded Natural Productions, and immediately deſcribed thenz in a Journal, meaſuring their ſeveral Parts by my Thumb, which, with a little allowance, I reckoned an Inch. I thought it needleſs to be more exact, becauſe the Leaves of Vegetables of the ſame forts, Wings of Birds, &c. do vary more from one another, than that does from the exact meaſure of an Inch; As to Colours, 'tis certain they are very hard to de- ſcribe : There are ſo many Varieties of them, that they require new Names to expreſs them. I obſerved in deſcribing of them, that the Leaves of moſt, if not all, Plants are Greeneſt on their uppermoſt ſides, or that expoſed to the Sun-Beams; and Lighter and more Whitiſh underneath. This is not only fo in Jamaica, but in all places where I have been ; when the Leave or Tops of Plants have not been expoſed to the Light and Sun, they are . not only whiter, but tenderer, and often digeſtible by our Stomachs. This appears by the Tops of the Palm [in Jamaica and the Weſt-Indies] call' The PREFACE. one call'd Cabbage-Trees the Germen, Sprout, Top, Bud or unexpanded Leaves of which, are boild, and eat like our Cabbage, or pickld. The tops of the Chamæriphe or Dwarf-Palm (of the Leaves of which are made Brooms) are likewiſe eaten in Spain and Italy. Thus Hops, White-Briony, Smilax aſpera, Sparagus, juſt ſprouting, common Cabbage naturally, Seleri, Lettuce, Fennel, Chardons and ſeveral Herbs, are render'd White and tender by only being cover'd with Earth from the Sun and Light. I have ſeen a common Bramble whoſe Twigs accidentally greip through the chink of a Window into a dark Room, which, becauſe not expoſed to the Light or Sun, wére white and tender. 'Tis not only ſo, as I believe, in Greens, but alſo in other Colours which are heightned by the Sun: for the great variety of Colours obferv’d in Tulips, at firſt Sprouting oat are all whitiſh, then greeniſh, and when the Sun and Light has farther acted upon them, they arrive at that variety we obſerve in them with pleaſure. This I take notice of, becauſe the ſame Plants I defcribe, may have in European Gardens different Colours, from what they are in their native Soil, and a warmer Sun. or ogT 2009 2 boredyboy bron After I had gather'd and deſcrib'd the Plants, I dried as fair Samples of them as I could, to bring over with me. When I met with Fruits that could not be dried or kept, I employ’d the Reverend Mr. Moore, one of the beſt Deſigners I could meet with there, to take the Figures of them, as alſo of the Fiſhes, Birds, Inſects, &c. in Crayons, and carried him with me into ſeveral places of the Country, that he might take them on the place. When I return’d into England, I brought with me about 800 Plants, moſt whereof were New, with the Deſigns before-mention d, &c. And jhew'd them very freely to all lovers of ſuch Curioſities : I gave my very particular and intimate Friend Mr. Courten.whatever I brought with me, that he wanted in his extraordinary Muſéum. Amongſt other Perſons who ſaw them, was Sir Arthur Rawdon, who obſerving the great variety of Plants I had brought with me, ſent over Mr. James Harlow, a Gara dener, (who had formerly gone to Virginia for Mr. Warts) to bring the Plants themſelves alive to him, for his Garden at Moyra in Ireland. This Mr. Harlow perform’d, and there they grew and came many of them to great perfe&tion. He not only brought over with him a Ship almoſt laden with Caſes of Trees, and Herbs, planted and growing in Earth, but alſo a great number of Samples of them very well preſerv'd in Paper; and knowing that he that went over on purpoſe, might meet with ſome OM SRO things 2001 The PREFACE. 1920 POTK things I had not obſerv’d, and ſeen others in different Seaſons from me, I wrote to Sir Arthur Rawdon and my very learned Friend Dr. William Sherard, who then was with him, to deſire the favour of them, that in order to the perfečting my Account of Jamaica, I might have a ſight of what of that kind he brought over with him. This Sir Arthur Rawdon and Dr. Sherard not only granted, but alſo made me a Preſent of ſuch Samples as had been brought over which I wanted. The Reader will find theſe taken notice of, in ſeveral Places of this Hiſtory. After I had peruſed them, they were, together with abundance of other rare Plants, by Dr. Sherard's Direction fent to Oxford, where Mr. Jacob Bobart has made very good uſe of them in the Hiſtory of Plants he lately publiſhd there; and left there might from dry Samples, come any Confuſion in Nà- tural Hiſtory, Dr. Sherard afterwards at my Requeſt gave me the View of ſuch Plants as Mr. Bobart had deſcrib’d, which has enabled me to put the Synonymous Names of the aforeſaid Hiſtory of Plants, publiſh'd by Mr. Bobart, which the Reader will likewiſe find taken notice of in their due places. Theſe were not the only Favours I had of Dr. Sherard; for he furniſhed me with many bought in his Travels beyond Sea. előre in br.14 tid Many Perſons were deſirous I ſhould publiſh an Account of what I met with towards th the forwarding Natural Hiſtory, I conſented to this, provided the Obſervations I had made, ſhould be thought worthy of Publication. I thought the greateſt Judge I could adviſe with, in theſe Circumſtances, was Mr. Ray, who for his Probity, Learning, Language, &c. ſeem'd to the propereſt to adviſe with: I therefore waited on him, ſhew'd him Some of the Plants, and tranſmitted to him my Obſervations on them. I deſired him to correct them and add his Emendations. He was pleaſed Anton to approve of them, and think much better of them than I my ſelf did, or do ; ſo that the Emendations I expečted, are wanting. I am afraid his Kindneſs, and favourable Opinion of me, may be the cauſe ; for I am fen- ſible there are herein a great many faults, not only in Hypotheſes or Opinions, which I propoſe only as Conjectures, and ſhall eaſily part with; but there are likewiſe many imperfections in the Language, and in the Ob- Servations themſelves, which were generally written in baſte, and by me, who know too well how unduly qualified I am for fuch an Undertaking. However, ſuch as they were, when I was reſoh'd to publiſh them, I thought it neceſſary to look into the Books in ſeveral Languages, which So treated of thoſe Subjects either deſignedly or accidentally. Some Men ſeem 2011 me The PREFACE. any pem to have a great deſire to be the firſt Authors of diſcovering ſuch or "ſuch Plants , and to have them carry their Names in the firſt Place , but I endeavour'd rather to find if any thing I had obſerv'd was taken No- tice of by other Perfons; I therefore look'd into moſt Books of this Nature, and the greateſt part of what I found, is publiſh'd in the Catalogue of Jamaica Plants I printed about ten Years ſince, wherein I endeavour'd to do right to the firſt Authors and the Publick; It is a Catalogue of the Plants I met with at Jamaica, &c. Which I think, for Synonymous Names of the Plants therein mentioned, is ſomewhat more Copious and exact than other before it: And which may be of ſome Uſe to inquiſitive Perfons, eſpecially when they ſhall have this Hiſtory of the things therein contain d. I have not reprinted in this Book thoſe Names or Titles, becauſe 'twas great Labour, and is done there already, but have only added the Syno- nymous Names I found in ſuch Books as are ſince Publiſh'd or come ta my Hands. The looking after the Obſervations of others, to make this more Exa&t and Uſeful, has given an Opportunity to ſeveral People to an- ticipate me, by either Publiſhing ſuch Things as I have fhewn them, told them, or communicated to Mr. Courten, from whom they had them; wherein they have committed ſome Miſtakes, for want of full Information or exa& Memory. brzo onde os mes indar os seus I have been ſometimes ſhort, in giving the Uſes of theſe Plants, but I hope I may be underſtood, and the Author whoſe Name is ſet down ( Abbreviated,) may on any Ambiguous or Obſcure Paſſage be conſulted, for thoſe Notes were written to bring to my Mind what they ſaid, to be peruſed at leiſure, and modell’d after, which I have never yet had time to do. The principal Deſign of them was, that the Inhabitants of thoſe Places, might underſtand what Uſes the Plants they have growing Sponte or in Gardens with them, are put to in any of the Countries wherever they grow, that ſo they may have recourſe to them in Caſes that require them. It is very hard to carry thither ſuch European Simples as are proper for the Cure of all ſorts of Diſeaſes, and People are put to it to find ſuch as are effe&tual in ſome of them, and yet will keep their Vertues. This puzzld me ſeveral times, as may be ſeen in the following Medical Obſervations. op The firſt Volume contains an Introduction, giving an Account of the Situation, Temperature, Diſeaſes, &c. of the Iſland, which ſeem'd neceſſary to be premis’d to the Hiſtory itſelf. After this, follows the Voyage thither, B and The PREFACE. and then the Hiſtory of the Plants that grow there, in which I have fola lowed moſtly the Method of Mr. Ray in his Hiſtory of Plants, joining his Genera or Tribes together by the Method of Rivinus, or Number of the Petala or Leaves of the Flowers; As thoſe which are Monopetalous firſt, thoſe Dipetalous next, then the Tripetalous, Tetra petalous, Pentapetalous, Hexapetalous, and ſuch as have no exa&t Numbers of Coloured Leaves in their Flowers. When this Hiſtory was begun, and near finiſhed, I wanted many conſiderable helps, the Method of the great Botaniſt Dr. Tournefort was not printed, much leſs the Book of new Kinds of Weſt-India Plants, lately publiſh'd by Monſ. Plumier, who, ſince my Return from the Weſt-Indies, went into the Caribe-Iſlands, and there obſerv’d and deſign'd himſelf many of the Plants very accio rately. He has engrav'd them himſelf, and printed a Book, which con- fifts chiefly of Ferns; And has ſav'd me a great deal of Trouble, finding his Figures ſo Good, that I did not judge it neceſſary the ſame Plants ſhould be engraven again, but be only referr'd to, in my Hiftory.vom 0 0 Tagida In the Second are contained the Trees, the Quadrupeds, Birds, Fiſhes, Teftaceous and Cruſtaceous Animals, and Inſects, &c. COM be ask'd me to what Purpoſes ſerve ſuch Accounts, I anſwer, that the Knowlege of Natural-Hiſtory, being Obſervation of Matters of Fałt, is more certain than moſt Others, and in my ſlender Opinion, leſs ſubject to Miſtakes than Reaſonings, Hypotheſes, and Deductions are; And on this Occaſion I have heard it reported of Gabriel Naude, That he uſed to ſay he Acquieſc'd in the Eccleſiaſtical Hiſtory, Doubted the Civil, and Believ'd the Natural. Theſe are things we are ſure of, ſo far as our Senſes are not fallible; and which, in probability, have been ever ſince the Creation, and will remain to the End of the World, in the ſame Condition we now find them : They afford great Matter of Admiring the Power Wiſdom and Providence of Almighty God, in Creating, and Preſerving the things he has created. There appears ſo much con- trivance, in the variety of Beings, preſerv'd from the beginning of the World, that the more any Man ſearches, the more he will admire ; And conclude them, very ignorant in the Hiſtory of Nature, who ſay, they were the Productions of Chance.oboz ta sedade garot do zrollo Another It may The PREFACE Another Uſe of this Hiſtory may be, to teach the Inhabitants of the Parts where thefe Plants grow, their ſeveral Uſes, which I have ended- vour'd to do, by the beſt Informations I could get from Books, and the Inhabitärts, either Europeans, Indians or Blacks. Jamaica had been before it was taken by the Engliſh, in the posſeſſion of the Spaniards, almoſt from the time the Weſt-Indies were diſcover'd: They had brought many Fruit-Trees from the Main-Continent, where they are Maſters, and ſuffer no other Europeans to come ; which throve wonderfully, and now grow as it were Sponte : Theſe they made uſe of for Food, Plz- fic, &c. And were forc'd to leave with their Habitations, to the Engliſh, and the Skill of Uſing them remain’d with the Blacks and Indians, many of whom came, upon a Proclamation that they ſhould be Free, ſubmitted peaceably, and livd with the Engliſh after the Spaniards had deſerted it. There were among theſe, ſeveral which made ſmall Plantations of their own, wherein they took care to preſerve and pro- pagate ſuch Vegetables as grew in their own Countries, to uſe them as they ſaw occaſion : I made ſearch after theſe, and what I found, is rea lated in this Hiſtory. Beſides theſe Helps, ſome of the Dutch who had liv'd in Braſil, came hither, and others of the Dutch and Engliſh from Surinam,where they had obſerv’d the Effečts of ſome Plants they met wit! in Jamaica, and uſed them for the ſame Purpoſes they had done in Braſil and Surinam, towards the Relief of the Inhabitants. For this Reaſon the Reader will find herein, many of the Vertues of Plants to agree with the Obſervations of Authors, writing of other Parts of the Welt-Indies HOUSNSD There is another Uſe to be made of this Book, which is this; In read- ing Voyages, and talking with Travellers to the Weſt-Indies, &c. one ſhall meet with Words, and Names of Things, one has no Notion or Con_ ception of : by looking for ſuch Names in the Index of the Catalogue of Jaw maica Plants, you are referr’d to the Page where you find a Liſt of ſuch as have treated of it; And in this Hiſtory under the firſt Title of it in the Catalogue, is the Hiſtory of it. If on the other hand, any Perſor deſires to know who has written of ſuch or ſuch a Plant in Jamaica, let him look into the Catalogue, and under the firſt Title of the Plant, he will find Citd- tions to direct him to the pages of moſt of the Books wherein it is Spoken of. RTS Another COMA The PREFACE. Another Advantage, the K110wlege of what is produced there naturally brings, is a Conſideration of the Cauſes of ſome very ſtrange, but certain, Matters of Fałt. It has puzzld the Philoſophers of all ages, to give an Account bow Parts of Vegetables and Animals, Real Sea-Shells and Subſtances ſhould be found remote from the Seas, wherein they ſeem to have been produced and bred. This Phänomenon will appear ſtranger, when it is made out, that many of the Subſtances, as for inſtance, Co- rals, Echini marini, the Palats and Tongues of Fiſhes hereafter de- fcribed, and which now live and breed in the Seas adjoining to Jamaica, and no nearer than ſome few Degrees on this ſide, are found in as great plenty in the Inland Parts of England imbedded in the Earth, Clay, Sand, Chalk, or Stone, as if it had once been the natural Place of their Production and Increaſe. This I was very much ſurpris'd to find. Theſe matters of Fact being certainly laid down, may perhaps afford ſome Hints for the more clear Reaſonings and Deductions of better Heads ; And I know not but that the ſeveral Species of new Ferns, and fome Plants by me found there, and here deſcribd and figur’d, may be diſcover'd upon ſome of the Stones or Slates called Werk, which lie in plenty in the Strata over the Cole-pits in many Places of England. Theſe Plants and their Impreſſions are of ſeveral Kinds, and many of them are not to be reduced to the Ferns or Plants, found in England or the adjoining Countries. His Grace the Duke of Beaufort has done me the honour to give me ſome of theſe Slates he had in Gloceſterſhire; Dr. Richardſon from Yorkſhire has communicated ſeveral of them ta me ; as has alſo Mr. Beaumont from Somerſetſhire. Upon the firſt Diſcovery of the Weſt-Indies, ſeveral People went thither on the Account of obſerving its Natural Productions. The firſt that I read of is one Codrus an Italian, who went from Spain for that pur- poſe. The Diſcoveries he made were but few, or not communicated to the World: The only Accouut we have of him, is in Peter Martyr's Decads, wherein that Elegant Writer acquaints the Pope, what News they then had in Spain, from the Weſt-Indies. Hernandez was ſent by the King of Spain, to ſearch after Natural Produktions about Me- xico; He deſign’d and deſcrib'd many of the things he met with, at the Expence of 6000o Ducats ; his Papers ivere put into the hands of Nardus Antonius The PREFACE. Antonius Recchus, from whoſe Manuſcripts they werë by the Lyncei Publiſh'd at Rome, at Rome, Anno 1649. They were chang’d from their firſt order, as appears by the Spaniſh-Copy, Printed at Mexico ; and 'tis pity that they were alter’d, and are fa ſhort and obſcure : Meeting with many of the Plants he deſcribes in Jamaica, I had a great mind to be ſatisfied about them, and being told that the Original Draughts were in the King of Spain's Library, in the Eſciurial near Madrid, Tiprote to Mr. Aglionby when he was Envoy from the late. King William to the Court of Spain, to procure a Sight of that Work, and give meaz Account of it. He was ſo obliging as to take the Pains to go thither, and was told that the Book was there, and that he ſhould ſome time or other ſee it ; which, tho' he endeavour'd ſeveral Times, yet he could never effe&t. Neither had other curious Travellers, better Fortüne; for when they had heard of this Book, and (knowing of what importance it would be to ſee theſe Originals) did endeavour to procure a Sight of them, the Li- brary-Keepers were ſo ignorant, to produce to them, ſome other Book a no ways to the Purpoſe. Upon the whole matter, I am apt to think the Originals were carried to Rome, where the Hiſtory was Publiſhdi vand that they remain’d there with Recchus his. Nephew;' where, if my Me mory fail me not, Fabius Columna ſays he ſaid them, and that they are either to be found there, or at Naples, inhere Columna liv’d, that wrote Notes on them, or that they are loft. However, it went with the Manuſcript, from which that at Rome was publiſh'd ; there was a Copy printed at Mexico in Spaniſh, in the Year :i615. Franciſco Ximenes, one who attended the Sick of the Hoſpital in that City, pub- liſh'd it then, with Emendations, Notes, and the Additional Obſervas tions he had made of ſeveral Simples he had found in Eſpaniola, or Sto. Domingo, and other Iſlands of the Weſt-Indies. John de Laet mentions this Book in Latin, and from him Vander Linden, in his Book de Scriptis Medicis has, I ſuppoſe, taken its Title, but I verily believe it was never printed in any other Language than Spaniſh. John de Laet takes many things out of him, and puts them very often in a wrong Place, as additional to the Obſervations of Marcqerave in Braſile, in the Edition of that Author, publiſhd, by him in 1648. But that Fault may be eaſily pardon’d, in one who was no more than a Colle&tor and Editor of Books wherein he did not pretend to any great Knowlegenis otini geri કરાઈ છે sonyi (2160 Bello zendbu Ilo dno di hind oder soiron A zid had cold studie beidene sierodt egnida Con voila svispare of soil The broupe The PREFACE. 19 spent 19ny I do id operado zigi toomal societ stort udbogst zuinona The firſt I have ſeen among the French, who made any Natural Oba fervations in the Weſt-Indies to Purpoſe, was John de Lerys He to Braſile, which Voyage he wrote, and gives a good and pleaſant Account of many Things be met with.. The next was Andre Thevet, who publiſh'd an Account of Braſile, under the Name of France An- tartique ; he went the ſame Voyage, I thinks the Year after de Lery, and writes of the ſame things in ſuch a manner, that one would be ape to fufpe&t he had ſeen Lery's Papers. The next upon this Argument, was Jaques Boucon, who wrote of the Iſland Martinico, which was the firſt ſettl'd of any of the French Iſlands. His Accounts are but very Short; however, from him the other French Writers, I think, took many of their Names of Natural things. J. B. du Tertre wrote of the Caribe-Iſlands.ro His Work was pretty Large and Uſeful, and was con- tain'd at firſt in one Volume, printed in in 1654, in 4to and afterwards came out in 3 Vol. in 1667 71. There are therein many Remarks and Obſervations: upon the French-Iſlands, and for Natural Hiſtory, many things . are figured, which, tho’ not very accurately, yet are truer than thoſe of any before him. Monf. Rochefort printed a Book of the Caribes, after du Tertre; he ſeems to me to have taken many things from the firſt Edition of du Tertre, and to agree with him in moft things : The Figures he gives, I ſuppoſe were not drawn upon the Place, but by Memory, and are, for that Reafon, not to be regarded. This Book is printed in Engliſh, in Folio, under the Title of the Hiſtory of the Caribe-Iſlands. H sds to 512 sdt bhon oder 90o agremix abrigdo Intonibbs sdt bm 2tot azolinbena dierod bil According to the Divifion of the New-diſcover'd World, between the Spaniards and Portugueſe, the laft poſſeſid themſelves of Brafile; Amongſt others of that Nation who went thither, was orie, ſuppos d ro be a Jefuit of Elvas, whoſe Name is gheſs?d to be Tr. Manoel, who had the care of the Sick of the College of Baya, made Obfervations of that Country, and wrote them in a Book in the Portugueſe Language : This Book was taken by Mr. Cook of Dartmouth, tranſlated and publiſh'd by Purchas, p. 1289. Pilgr. part. 4. Tho' this was in itſelf a very ſhort Relation, and little more than the Names of things, yet falla ing into the Hands of the Dutch, by being taken Notice of by de Laet in his America, (who had it out of Purchas's Collections,) it gave them coccaſion to enquire after many things therein mention’d; when they had conquer'd The PREFACE. conquer'd the greateſt Part of Braſile : Piſo who was a Phyſician, and Maregrave an Induſtrious Scholar, going out of Holland thither, were very curious, and took great care to obſerve what they thought worth Notice, and bad Marcgrave liv'd to have publiſh d his own Obferva- tions, that Work would have been much more conſiderable; but his Par pers falling into the Hands , firſt of John de Laet , who, thoa Learned Man, yet was ignorant of Natural Hiſtory ; and then of Piſo, who, tha he was a Practical Phyſician, yet had no great Knowlege of Natural things; are not ſo much to be depended on as one could wiſh : The Figures and Deſcriptions are tranſpos’d, as I have found by examination , and the first Edition is preferable to the Second, wherein Piſo hath taken too much Liberty of aſcribing the Vertues of European Herbs to thoſe of the ſame Tribe in Brafile. "Tis very evident the Vertues of all Plants of tbe Same Tribe, are not always found to correſpond; we need go no farther than this Hiſtory, wherein the Spaniſh Patata eaten commonly in Jamaica, is a true Convolvulus, the moſt part of which Family purge; the Caſſa- da, of the Root of which Bread is made, is a true Ricinus, the Tribe of which, generally ſpeaking, vomit and purge with great Violence, &c. 0 Porosiosd ? It may be obje&ted, that 'tis to no purpoſe to any in theſe Parts of the World, to look after ſuch Herbs, &c. becauſe we never ſee them ; I an- 20 Sier, that many of them and their ſeveral Parts have been brought over, and are uſed in Medicines every day, and more may, to the great Ada vantage of Phyſicians and Patients, were People inquiſitive enough to took after them. The Plants themſelves have been likewiſe brought over, planted, and throve very well at Moyra, in Ireland, by the Direction of Sir Arthur Rawdon ; as alſo by the Order of the Right Reverend Dr. Henry Compton, Biſhop of London, at Fulham; at Chelſea by Mr. Doudy; and Enfield by the Reverend Dr. Robert Uvedale ; and in the Botanic Gardens of Amſterdam, Leyden, Leipſick, Upſal, Gc. but eſpecially at Badminton in Gloceſter-fhire, where they are not only rais’d ſome few handfuls high, but come to Perfection, flower and produce their ripe Fruits, even to my Admiration ; and that, by the Direction of her Grace the Ducheſs of Beaufort, who at her leiſure Hours, from her more ſerious Affairs, has taken pleaſure to com- mand 'the raiſing of Plants in her Garden, where, by means of Stoves and Infirmaries, many of them have come to greater Perfection, than in any Part of Europe. It The PREFACE. which 91 para o ano gelist oli rosa tong sinong at 9p640) It may be objected, that there is no end of ſuch Diſcoveries is that every Country, and diſtant Climate, has different Plants, not to be found in England. I anſwer it is not fo, for tho' England be very remote, both in Longitude and Latitude, from Jamaica, yet I found there many Plants, grow Sponte, which alſo I found to grow wild in England, and more I obſerv’d to be common to that Place, and the South Parts of France. By Collections ſent to the very Induſtrious and Skilful Botaniſt Mr. Petiver, others, and my felf, from Spain, Portugal, Barbary, Guinea, and the Eaſt-Indies, as well as by the Hortus Malabaricus, I find a great many Plants common to Spain, Portugal and Jamaica, more common to Jamaica and the Eaſt-Indies, and moſt of all common to Jamaica and Guinea ; ſo that the following Hiſtory may reaſonably be ſuppos’d, not only to deſcribe moſt of the Natural Productions of Eſpaniola, Bar- bados and the other hot American Ifles , but alſo many of thoſe of Guinea and the Eaſt-Indies, and therefore may be thought to contribute home decor to the more diſtinct Knowlege of all thoſe Parts. EURO forsider to dooD ads to asb dintorci non 0 bider to I have been ſo converſant in Matters of this nature for ſeveral Years, that I know 'tis impoſſible to eſcape the Cenſure of ſeveral ſorts of Men, as the Envious and Malitious, who will, I am ſure, Spare no Pains to find Faults; thoſe who ſtrive to make ridiculous any thing of this kind, and think themſelves great Wits, but are very Ignorant, and underſtand nothing of the Argument. Theſe, if one were afraid of them, and con- ſulted his own Eaſe, might poſſibly hinder the Publication of any ſuch Work, the Efforts to be expected from them, making poſſibly ſome im- preſſion upon Perſons of equal Diſpoſitions ; but conſidering that I have the Approbation of Others, whoſe Judgement, Knowlege, &c. I have great reaſon to value ;, And conſidering that theſe forts of Men, have been in all Ages ready to do the like, not only to ordinary Perſons, and their Equals , but even to abuſe their Princes , and blaſpheme their Makers I ſhall, as I have, ever ſince I ſeriouſly conſider'd this Matter, think of, and treat them with the greateſt Contempt. sgin wieds onboxed barn voeroff lande om te sledow di gants to soiBoxie od red 3803 od onogaand winter 2011 som fod wrot Horaris Stine 20601 2 to zanen davadas sobran a rod nizon THE sa si sada sosiysinong or surroy and set to the 27thum thing gorail to in 6 T H E INTRODUCTION. T HE firſt Diſcovery of the Weſt-Indies, to me ſeems to ms have been accidental, as has happen'd in moſt other great Diſcoveries. Chriſtopher Columbus, firſt ſolicited the King of Portugal to ſet him out; but that Prince being wearied with the Diſcoveries, and little Advantage of Guinea, would not meddle in it. Chriſtopher then ſent his Brother Bartho. lomew into England, on the ſame Errand, in the Year 1488. I have made as good a ſearch as I could, after a Map which was made ac London, by this Bartholomew Columbus, whereby he would have induc'd King Henry VII. to have been the fitter of him out, but I could not hear of it, neither at the Royal Library at St. James's, nor any where elſe. This Map, and this Propoſal were nor regarded, and Ptis a common Tradition, that inſtead of diſcovering the West-Indies, there was bought at Antwerp, a Suit of fine Tapiſtry Hangings, with Money that had been ſet apart, and thought ſufficient for that purpoſe. Theſe Hangings are now ſaid to remain at Hampton Court. This Map, which ſeems to me to have been made from the Letters of Col. Paolo Fifico of Florence, in 147 4. 'tis likely was a Sea-Chart of the Parts of the World then known; wherein thoſe to the Weſt were Ireland, the Azores, Cape Verd, and the Coaſt of Guinea. It had to the Eaſt, the Parts of China, chen lately diſcover'd, which they then thought were fifteen Hours Eaſt of Portugal , and they were ſtill of Opinion; that they had not reach'd the extreme Parts of the Eaſt- Indies or Cipango, call d Japan, where, Report had told them, were great Riches. Therefore, there being, as they thought, only about one third of the way to Cataio and China, if they went by the Weſt, they concluded the beſt and neareſt way to take that Courſe. Onchis miſtaken Foundation, (China, by later Diſcoveries, being only about eight Hours Eaſt) and ſome probabilities from ſome Artificial and Na- tural things, driven on Shore by the Winds and Currents on the Azores and Porto Santo, which came to the Knowledge of Columbus, (who had been wreck'd ar Lisbon, and was married to the Widow of one (a) Pereſtrello, capi 18. ii The Introduction. Perestrello, who was the Diſcoverer of Madera and Porto Santo) he projected going to the farther Part of the Eaſt-Indies, not yet diſ- cover'd ; where common Fame, and the aſſurance of People come from thence, cold them, were Houſes covered with Gold, (in ſome parts ſome of them at this Day are gilded) Spices and other very rich Commodities in great plenty. He was oppos’d in this Project by learned Men, and with Difficulty was at laſt be- liev'd by Iſabella, then Queen to Ferdinand King of Spain, who be. ing influenced by her Confeſſor, Luigi di S. Angelo, in favour of this Mariana, Project, pawn'd her Jewels to equip Columbus, who * by this means 1. 26. 6. 3. got ſeventeen thouſand Ducats. He let out Auguſt 1492. and went through many Diſaſters, endured much Pain, Watching and perpe- tual Labour. He by theſe means, kept his Men from Mutinies, and at length diſcover'd lome Birds, afterward ſome Land-herbs and Fruits.in the Sea, and at laſt Saint Salvador or Guanabani, one of the Lucaie or Bahama Iſlands, on the 12th of O&tober, and on the 15th he came to the North-fide of Hiſpaniola. He left there fome Men, and took thence, to ſhow in Spain, fome Indians, Gold, Parrats, Maiz, or Indian Corn, and other valuable or ſtrange things. On the 4th of January, 1493. he ſer Sail from Hiſpaniola for Spain, and arrived at Lisbon the 4th of March in the ſame year, and at Palos in Spain the the 13th of the ſame Month, that is, in ſeven Months and eleven Days from going out. gorta 11 Columbus, likewiſe brought into Europe in his Ship,and firſt Voyage, from theſe places, the Pox, which ſpread ſo quickly all over Europe, that Antonius Benivenius, who was at that time a great and famous Practiſer in Phyſick at Florence, in the firſt Chapter of his Book de Abditis nonnullis ac mirandis morborum, & fanationum caufis, tells us, that the Lues Venerea then beginning in Spain, had ſpread itſelf through Italy, and France, and that in the Year 1496, it had poſſeſs’d many people in all the Provinces of Europe. Dodonæus, likewiſe tells us, that this Diſeaſe very much raged in the War that Charles VIII. King of France had with Alphonſus King of Naples in the Year i 1494. and yer thinks Gulielmus de Saliceto, † who livd in 1270. Valeſcus de || Esb.6.caps Tarenta, || who liv’d in 1418. and Bernardus de Gordonio , who died in 1305. give us an account of ſome Symptoms of it. P. 378. + P. 318. To bainas I am of Opinion notwithſtanding what theſe have ſaid, and ſome other leſs material Paſſages in ancient Writers and Hiſtorians, and whatfoannes ab Arderne has written about An. 1360. and likewiſe what * P. 445. Stor * ſays of the Laws of the publick Stews in Southwark, that this o bat The Introduction. 2 unknow this was a Diſtem per altogether new in Europe, Africa and Aſia, be- fore it was brought from the Weſt-Indies. The Diſeaſes mention'd by the before - cited Authors being different from that Diftemper, both in Symptoms and Cure, only perhaps communicated ſome- what after the ſame manner ; I have ſeen ſome ſuch fingular Caſes, attended with conſiderable Inconveniences and Fears, and yet not at all pocky. The 25th of September, 1493. Chriſtopher Columbus ſet Sail a ſe- cond time for Hiſpaniola, and diſcover'd the Caribes. After he came to the Fort he had left, † he found all the Spaniards dead, and this + Gob.cap.49. account of them from the Indians, that ſo ſoon as he had faild for Spain, mortal Diſcords had ariſen about Gold and Women, each of the Spaniards pretending to barter for Gold for himſelf; and to take as many, and what Women he pleas'd, without being ſatisfied with what was thought reaſonable, and allotted them by the Cacique, Indian Captain, or King; that ſome of them had gone on theſe Er- rands towards the Mines, where one Caunape, a Cacique, had killed moſt of them, and come and burnt their Fort, whereby the remain- der flying had been drown'd, and were periſhed. || After Columbus's Return to Hiſpaniola, he went to diſcover the il Col. c. 54 South ſide of Cuba, thinking that to be the Continent, and not an Iſland. He was inform'd in the other Iſles, that in Jamaica was Gold, wherefore he went towards it, diſcover'd it on Sunday the 3d of May, 1494. and on Monday the next day, he came thither. He found none of that Metal, but great Number of Canoes and armed Inhabicants, who had bercer Underſtandings than thoſe of the other Iſlands, and who oppos’d his Landing. Some of them were hurt by Guns, and the reſt yielded, and were peaceable. Columbus, as he coaſted the North ſide, was extremely pleas'd with this Illand, thinking it ſurpaſſed any he had yet ſeen, for Verdure, Fertility, Victuals, &c. which he judged to come from its being water'd with Showers drawn thither by the Woods, which he had obſerv'd to produce the like in the * Canaries and Madera before their being Oviedo, cleard of Trees. Linſchot. Homo deſcr. Amer. + Col.c. 109 When Columbus, in † his third Voyage, had been to diſcover the Martyr Continent, he met with very contrary Winds and Currents (which ran always here Weſtwardly) ſo chat he was forc'd to come to this Iſland, where his Ships being worm-eaten,could carry him no farther. Не Cor. c. 48. iv The Introduction. Fernan He was here in great diſtreſs, and his Men had mutiny’d. Some of them he ſent in a Canoe to Hiſpaniola, the others remained with him at Porto Buono, in the North ſide of Jamaica, being an extraordinary good Port, and the place which was afterwards called by the Spa- niards Sevilla, and at this day St. Anns. The Indians murmured, think- ing one Chriſtian eat as much as twenty of them, and would not ſupport them, till Columbus || took the advantage of an Eclipſe was || Col.c. 103. to be the next night, viz. the 29th of February, 1504. He told thema the God of the Chriſtians was angry with them, and would ſend them Peſtilence and Famine, if they did not relieve his Men. As a ſign of the truth of it, next night they ſhould ſee the Moon eclipſed. The Indians brought him Victuals, when they ſaw the Prediction fulfill’d, defiring he would intercede for chem, and pro- miſe to fight their Enemies. This he engag’d to do, and came out of his Cloſet ar che time when he knew the Eclipſe was to end, fay- ing his Prayers were granted. He liv'd by the effects of this Eclipſe till Boats came from Hifpaniols, and carried him and his Men this ther. This story is the more Authentic, becauſe the Author * was Color Geloa there preſent with his father. + This Ifand was conquered un- 1 Oviedo, der Don Diego Colon by Juan de Eſquivel , and other Captains. In Cor. cap. 49. fome Imall time the Indian Inhabicants, to the number of fixty 1 Bart. de . thouſand || were all deſtroyed by the Severities of the Spaniards, las Caſas. ſending to Mines, &c. I have ſeen in the Woods, many of their Bones in Caves, which ſome people thought were of ſuch as had voluntarily inclos'd or immured themſelves, in order to be ftarved to death, to avoid the Severities of their Mafters.now or orolored 50 g soli 00 bo M However the Spaniards planted here as ar Hiſpaniola, and from * Galvanos, hence * Garay Governour of it in 1523. went in three Ships and diſcover'd Florida from the Cape of that name to Vera-cruz, and would have planted it, had he not been hindered by Cortes. This + Laet. p.20. Iſland had in it, in the North ſide + Sevilla now called St. Anns, the Ruins of which are now to be ſeen. In this Town were large Houſes, and a Cathedral Church, of which the famous Peter Martyr was Ab. | Ib.p.9. bor. || The Abbot of this place was Suffragan to the Archbiſhop of Santo Domingo in Hiſpaniola. On the ſame ſide of the Iſland, about ele. ven Leagues to the Eaſt of Sevilla was Melilla, and fourteen Leagues † Alex. Ur- from it on the South ſide was Oriſtan. It was very meanly inhabited Earl of by the Spaniards, * had no Money f and only fifty Perſons in one Cumberland, Town, but they had | Crawles and Stancias, where was planted Caſſada. It had Beeves wild, and ſo conſequently Hides and dry'd Sberley , P. Beef , &c. and was reckoned the moſt pleaſant and fruitful ifle in the $96 , and Weſt-Indies, and a Store houſe for the Main. Notwithſtanding this it P. 1084. * Chilton. | P. 1147. Sir Antony The Introduction V it was taken in 1596. by one Shirley, to whom its people ſub- mitted. The Iand Jamaica, had this name at the time of its firſt Dir covery by Columbus *. The Spaniards write is either Jamaica, fa- * Cob.c. 54. mayca or Xamaica, y Conſonant and X, amongſt them, being pro- nounc'd as a Greek X. It afterwards was called St. Jago; t but loont Martyr. obcained again its firſt name, which it retain’d when it was taken dec. by the Engliſh Army, ſent into theſe parts under General Venables in the year 1655. The Deſcendents and Poſterity of Columbus were, and are ſtill called Dukes of Veragua and Vega, and Mar- queſſes of Jamaica. Columbus had this Iſland given him and his Heirs by the Crown of Spain, in place of ſeveral Privileges and Duties he was by agreement to have had, as firſt Diſcoverer and Admiral of theſe Seas, which were, after coming to the knowledge of them, thought too great for a Subject to enjoy. It is called la Jamaique by the French, and Gjamaica, by the Italians. The land of Antego, one of the Antiſles or Caribes, had the ſame name with this Iſland given it by the Indians, but it was ſoon changed to that of Santa Maria del Antigua from whence the preſent name is by cor- ruption || derived 1 Cor. c. 47: Jamaica lies in that part of the North Sea, which waſhes the Eaſt ſide of the Continent of America. This Sea is called the Mare Boreale, Septentrionale, or Mar del Nort, to diſtinguiſh it from the Pacific or Souch Sea, called Mar del Zur, which lies Weſt of the main Land of America. It lies nearer the Continent or Main, than moſt of the other conſiderable American Illes; which Iſlands, as it were, guard it from the violence of the Winds, and great Atlantic Ocean, and render it fitter for the produce of the Manufacture and Trade of thoſe parts, than any of them. It has many Cayos, commonly called Keys, Shoals and Rocks round it, whereby ignorant Sailers are incommoded. It lies to the South Weſt of England at about fifteen hundred Leagues, or four thouſand five hundred Miles di- ſtance from it. It has to the Eaſt of it Hiſpaniola, or Santo Do- mingo, about thirty five Leagues diſtant. To the North Cuba diſtant about twenty Leagues, to the South Porto Belo, and to the South Eaſt Santa Martha, both about one hundred and fixcy Leagues off, and it has alſo Cartagena one hundred and forty Leagues diftant. Thele three laſt places are on the Continent of Ame- rica and very great places for Trade, Cartagena for Gold and Silver, Portobelo for the ſame, Caſcarilla, the Bark of Peru, or Jeſuits Powder, and Sarſaparilla, and Santa Martha for Pearls, all which are brought to Jamaica, in exchange for Blacks and European Com- modities. Beſides, it lies near Campeche and Vera Cruz, the firſt a very conſiderable place for Logwood, and the other being the Port (b) Town vi The Introduction. bal Town to Mexico, for its trading in Gold and Silver, Cochenille, and Sarſaparilla. It has a ſituation very happy, likewiſe in this reſpect, that it is near the Caymanes, the Cayos or deſert Rocks or Iſles, of Cuba, and the Ifle de Vacas, des Vaches, or of Ah, where the Turtlers ſeldom fail of getting plenty of Turtle or Tortoiſes, to fur- niſh the inferior fort of people with good Food, at an eafie and moderate price. The Latitude of St. Jago de la Vega, or Spaniſh Town in ja- maica is 17. 30. North of the Equinoctial, between it and the Tropic of Cancer, ſo that it is placed in the Torrid Zone. Its In- habitants are Amphiſcii, that is, have their Shadows thrown South of them, that part of the Year when the Sun is to the North of them, and North the greateſt part of the Year, viz. when the Sun is to the Southwards of them. When the Sun is vertical, or directly over their Heads, they are Aſcii, that is, their Bodies at Noon have no Shadow at all, and this happens twice a year, that is, when the Sun is going to the Tropic of Cancer , and returning from the fame. It is eaſie to find from its Latitude, that 'cis in the Arabic, or ſe cond Climate, according to that diviſion of the Earth, whereby 10°. of Laritude is allowed each Climate, and which has its Name from Arabia, which is comprehended in it. It is alſo plain, that the days and nights muſt be very near equal the year round; fo that there will be only an hours difference between the length of the longeſt day in Summer, and the ſhorteſt in Winter. This Latitude, likewiſe demonſtrates that the Twilight here, between the Sun's ſetting, and no perception of any of his Rays at night (which is when it is about 18. under the Horizon) or fome of his Rays being ſeen, and his Body viſible in the morning, will be very ſhort, or not near fo long, as the ſame continues in places that are ſituated in an ob- lique Sphere. The Longitude of the middle of this Iſland is about 76°. Weſt of London, this has been aſcertain’d by Obſervations of ſeveral Eclipſes by Mr. Charles Boucher, who ſent theſe Obſervations to Mr. Halley, ſo that I cannot but wonder how Chriſtopher Columbus could miſtake * Cap. 59. ſo much as * to ſay that by an Obſervation of an Eclipſe of the Moon, the Eaſt end of Hiſpaniola was five hours twenty three mi- nutes Weſt of Cadiz, whereas by Mr. Boucher's, and later Obſerva- tions, it is certain Jamaica is not much over five hours Weſt of Lon- don. That is to ſay, when 'tis about twelve a Clock at Noon at London, 'tis about ſeven in the morning at Jamaica, and when ’tis five a Clock in the evening in London, 'tis about twelve at Noon at Jamaica. But the value of the Philippine Illands, which were to belong to the Crowns of Spain or Portugal, by the Popes Bull, ac- (d) cording The Introduction. vii cording to their diſtance from the Line of Diviſion of the World, was the occaſion of great Miſtakes in the Relations and Maps of Sea- men, which have ſome of them but very lately been rectified, and I doubt ſome may yer be left wrong placed. This Iſland lies Eaſt and West, and is about one hundred forty Miles long, and about ſixty broad in the broadeſt place, which is near to its middle, it decreaſing towards both extreams, in many places, being nor half ſo broad. But it is not very eaſie to be very exact in this, becauſe of the many turnings of the ways, or courſes of the Gullies or Torrents, by which thoſe who croſs the Country, muſt paſs. I find by an account given to Sir Thomas Lynch, when he was Go- vernor of Jamaica, that from Point Morant to Point Negril, the Courſe N. W. 81. deg. 140 Miles dift. The breadth from Portland- Bay, between Rio-Nuevo and White River, the Courſe North o d. 5. dift, and from Great Point Pedro, to Dunkin's Cliffs, the Courſe Northward 48 dift. From Salt-Pond-Point, to the Mouth of Annotto River, falling into Port Antonio Harbour, over againſt Lynch. Iſland, the Courſe North 26 diſtance. From Cabarito-Point to Cove- Harbour, the Courſe North, 22 diſt. From the Southward of Point-Negril , to Negril-Coi, Courſe North 10 - diſt. The quantity of Acres are 7450000, whereof are Savannd 350000 Acres. Manurable 6100000. Unmanurable 100000. Rivers of Jamaica, running into the Sea, are eighty. Rivers in Jamaica, beginning at Point Morant, and ſo along the South-ſide, to the Weſtward. SA Aul's River, Cane Garden River, Crawle River, Lynch River, Seymar's River, White River, Nut's River, Middle River, Mo- rant River, Lin's River, Negro River, Clark's River, Spring River, White River, Yallah Little River, Black River, and two ſmall River, more, Yallab Great River, Barbicon River, Cane River, Hope River, Mamee River, Rock River, Rio Cobre River, Rio Pedro River, Dry River, Rio de Coco Forked River, Rio Mana Gully, Nelſon's River, Salt or Black River, Boure's River, Cock Pit River, Mino River, Rock River, Pindar's River, Tick River, St. Thomas's River, Crooked River, Green River, Milk River, Vere River, Ryme's River, Swift River, Black River, Caju River, Wiet's River, Graſs River, One Eye River, Cave Little River, Dean's River, Cabarito River, Three Mile River, Roaring River, Alegator River, Magotty River, Flint River, Great River, Little River, Great River, Morodje River, Man- tica viii The Introduction. SI tica River, Negro River, Little River, Rio Para Matartiboron River, Cameron's River, Rio Buena Still River, Bear Garden River, Lang land's River. bol i madi Helado, tode a Rivers on the North-ſide are, za odababoo goisto T. Annie's Great River, Ochorios or Rivers,White River, Stone-Bridge River, Rio Nuevo River, Rio Sambre Tiabo River, Oro Cabeça River, Six Mile River, Plantain Walk River, Negro River, Puerto Maria River, Crawle River, Water's River, Stony River, Aqua alid, Anotto River, Flinty River Trunnel's River, Orange River, Ugly Ri- ver, Ginge's River, Little Tom's River, Fox's River, Sandy River, Plantain Walk River, Church River or Pencarne River, Iterboreale River, Dry River, Haycock River, White River, Buffe Bay River, Spaniſh River, Devil's River, Swift River, Great Devil's River, Back River, Louſie River, Daniel's River, Rio Grande White River, Fox's River, Sandy River, St. Antonio River, Cameron River, Back River, Annotto River, Guava River, Savanna River, Snaky River, Negro River, Stony River, Annotto River, Porto Antonio River, Turtle Crawle Rivers, Prieſt Man's River, Mulato River, Manchinil River, Crawle River, Driver's River, White River, Hector's River, Horſe- Savanna River, Savage River, Plantain-Garden River, Muddy River, Sulphur River, Clark's River, Coquar-Tree River, Cove River. ola The whole Iſland has one continu'd ridge of Hills running Eaſt and Weſt through its middle, which are called generally the blue Mountains, from their appearing of that colour, which comes from the Eyes going through a vaſt quantity of Æther, or Air, as looking to the Heavens in a clear day. The tops of ſome are higher than others, one of the higheſt is called Mount Diablo. Other Hills there are on each ſide of this Ridge of Mountains, which are lower. Although this place be ſituated in the Torrid Zone, yet the Air of it may very well be affirm’d temperate, in that the heat of the days is qualified by the length of the nights, which here is about twelve hours long all the year round; ſo that the Sun has not that length of time to hear the Atmoſphere, as where the days are longer, and the nights ſhorter, or none at all. 'Tis on the ſame account that the evenings are much horter than the mornings, although the Sun be equally diftant, and the Rays fall the ſame way, the heat becoming then extraordinary, becauſe it has been warm’d from morn- ing to that time, by the beams of the Sun, a great many of which continue to act with thoſe coming freſh from the Sun. The Breezes blowing all the year between from North-Eaſt to South Eaſt, and riſing The Introduction. ix are riſing gradually as the Sun riſes, is another cauſe of this Ait's being the more temperate. There is before Rain, very often here, a great heat (although the Sun be over-clouded) as well as uneaſineſs on Men's Bodies, eſpecially thoſe that are ſickly, which ſo ſoon as the Rain falls is quite removed. This is common to other parts of the world as well as this place, and ſeems to proceed from moiſture, or rather from the ſpring of the humours of the Body diſtending the Vel- fels, the Atmoſphere being then lighter, and more moiſt. The Breeze from Land at night is very cooling, though thought very unhealthy by the Spaniards, on what account I know not. 'Tis uſually argued from Irons ruſting very ſoon here, that the Air is corroding; but chis I believe comes from the Heat, whereby moſt people ſwear, which being falc and very penetrating corrodes the Iron, and ruſts it when they touch it, or keep it in their Pockets. On the Mountains and high Land 'tis much cooler than in the Valleys; in theſe laſt the Sun Beams are reflected, from the ſides of the neighbouring riſing Grounds fo on one another, that they ſeem to make in ſeveral places a kind of Focus as in a Burning-Glaſs. I never found more hear here than as in ſome Valleys near Montpelier where the ſituation of the Hills in their neighbourhood occaſioned exceſſive heat. The Savannas ar here likewiſe the more Temperate ; becauſe they are places where few Sun Beams are reflected on the Body, having few ſmall riſing Hills to interrupt the courſe of the Breezes, or reflect the Sun Beams The Air here, notwithſtanding the heat, is very healthy, I have known Blacks one hundred and twenty years of Age, and one hundred years old is very common amongſt Temperate Livers. The Mercury in the Barometer ſtands at about the ſame heighth and has the ſame alterations as in England, though it change not ſo often as in England. Poids bn The Air is here not more Nitrous than in England, nor is there any Saltpetre to be had from any natural Earth; but ſome kind of Tincal or Borax out of a red Earth, which is improper for the culture of Sugar Canes. What Saltpetre is to be had here, is from the Earth dug out of Caves where Indians were buried, or where Bats, and their Dung, are in great quantities. This I am certain of, be- cauſe the Duke of Albemarle carried ſeveral people to Jamaica on pur- pofe to try to make Salcperre, having had a Parent for char Delign. 'Tis frequent, riding in the night, to meet with here and there an hor Blaft, for ſome few paces of Earth you ride over ; theſe Blafts, which are alſo met with in Egypt, and other parts of the World, are counred very unhealthy, as are allo Norths, which blow clear over the Iſland for a Month together, about Chriſtmas, in which time, in the North fide, no Canes will grow, but if planted, the Worms eat them. (c) Butter X The Introduction. Butter, through the heat of the Air, is ſo loft here as ’tis when half melted in England; and Tallow-Candles here are very often fo ſoft as not to be able to ſtand upright, without falling and doubling down, which makes the niceſt ſort of people deſire thoſe of Wax. The Dog-days, and ſome weeks about that time, are intolerably hot, and unhealthy, few people find themſelves then perfe&ly well and eaſie, be they either the antient Inhabitants, or new Comers. The heat of the Air here is endeavour'd to be amended by great Fans in ſome Parlours, ſuch as are us'd about Montpelier, and by ly- ing in Hamacs. There are as many forts of Water here as in England; River-water, Pond water, Well-water, Spring-water, &c. Freth-water is very ſcarce in dry years , or ſome parts of the year, in the Savannas diſtant from Rivers, ſo that many of their Cattle die with driving to water. If the place be near the Sea, or fandy, the Well. water, as at Port-Royal is brackiſh. This brackiſh water, which is very common in Wells on Sea-ſhores, is not wholeſome, but the cauſe of Fluxes, and other Dileaſes in Sailers drinking of it, It may be eaſily diſcovered by dropping a ſolution of fine Silver into it, which according to Mr. Boyles computation precipitates a white ſettlement, if it contain iso of Salt in it. I have not yet known, or heard of any method which will clear Water of this brackiſhneſs but Deſtillation. Pond-water, or River-water here, is more pure and not ſo much infected with Weeds as in England, becauſe of the ſwiftneſs of the Currents, or great Inundations, deſtroying the Water-Herbs at certain Seaſons of the year. River. water, becauſe of its great Deſcents and Precipices, carries with it much Clay and Earth, whereby 'tis muddy and thick; this drunk, has an odd taſte, which, in the Town-River, gave occaſion to the Spaniards to call it Rio Cebre, and the Engliſh to ſay 'tis not wholeſome, and tafts of Copper; whereas on trial of the Sand and other Sediments, there is no Mecal found therein. This River-water, if ſuffered to ſettle ſome days in earthen Jars, the Sediments go to the bottom, and the Water is good.It's thought that Pebbles in the bottom of the Jar pro- mote this ſeparation; and Seamen think a lead-holed plate does the ſame; but 'cis likely theſe two methods only hinder the ſubſidence from riſing eaſily. The porous Stones for percolating water is the beſt remedy for this muddineſs; they muſt be clean'd every day, and ſometimes the water put through them twice or thrice. They are brought from the Canaries to the Spaniſh Main, and thence to Jamaica. They are made into the form of Mortars, the water being put into their Concave ſide, foul and troubled, paſſes through them, and is filtred, leaving its filth in the pores of the Stone. Sometimes this water The Introduction. xi water is paſs'd through three of theſe plac'd one under another. Thames-water, at Sea, is generally thought to ferment, and to riſe to a vinous Spirit, but it is not ſo; for this is to be aſcrib'd moſtly to the filch or tincture of the Cask, for the Water itſelf in Jars, does not ferment nor ſmell; in Cask firſt it acquires a colour from the filch or Wood, then ferments, ſmells, and turns vinous, neither is it all ſo, but only that in ſome Casks. Brandy, by the Cask, from limpid, turns yellowiſh in colour, but does not ſo in Jars or Boteles. Water gather'd off the Ships Decks from Rain, ſmells and ferments preſently, becauſe of Spitele, Dung, oc. Thames-water is accounted the beſt for Ships, though probably paſſing by ſo great a City as Lon- don, ic be the fouleft in Contents. Spring-water is reckon'd preferable to other kinds; there are fine, large Springs here, many of them as well as Rivers, perrify their own Channels, by which they ſometimes ſtop their own Courſes, by a Sediment and Cement uniting the Gravel and Sand in their bottoms. When this petrifying water falls drop by drop, it makes the Stalactites. Several Caves have their bottoms and tops united by this Stone, ſo that they appear Pillars. Upon the whole matter, the cleanſing Water from Clay, Mould; Water-Herbs, and other accidental Impurities it meets with in its Courſe, ſeems to be the way of making it good in all parts of the World. In many places the Inhabitants let it purifie itſelf by quier and ſubſidence, in others they do it by help of a ſort of Beans, or ra- ther núx vomica, as on the coaſt of Coromandel ; in others by pre- colating through porous Stone-Mortars. I have ſeen in London the muddieſt Water made as fine as ever I ſaw any, by filling a Ciſtern with Sand, ſcattering the muddy Water on the upper part of it, which ſoaking through by a Hole (guarded ſo as not to be choak'd with mud) at the bottom of the Ciſtern, left behind all its impurities in the Sand. This Sand is turn'd into a ſoft Stone, which once a year is taken out, broken with Mallets, cleans’d of its Clay, and put again into the Ciſtern to ſerve for the ſame purpoſe another year. A hot Bath or Spring is near Morant in the Eaſtward part of the Iſland, fituated in a Wood, which has been bached in, and drunk of late years for the Belly-ach with great Succeſs. A great many Sale-Springs ariſe in level Ground under Hills, in Cabbage-Tree bottom, ar about a Mile or two diſtance from the Sea, which united make what is calls the Salt-River. Salt is made here in Ponds, whereinto the Sea or Sale-water comes and by the Heat of the Sun, the moiſture being exhald, leaves the Salt, which is in great plenty at the Salt. Ponds, about Old Harbour , Uc. The Salt is not perfectly white, nor in ſmall Grains, but in large lumps, and has an Eye of red in it, as ſome ſal gemme I have ſeen xii The Introduction. ſeen come from Spain, or what comes from the Iſland called Salt Tortugas near the Main of America, which is here reckoned the ſtron- ger and better Salt. Lagunas, or great Ponds, are many here, one whereof, Rio Hoa Pond, receives a great deal of water by a River, which yec has no viſible Rivulet, or Diſcharge runs from it. Rivers here in the Mountains riſe above, and go under ground again in a great many places, as Rio d'Oro falls under, and riſes a- bove ground above Sixteen Miles-Walk, three or four times, and ſo it is in many others. At Abraham's Plantation in the North-fide, is a River which has ſtop'd it's own Courſe by letting a ſettlement fall, and petrifying its own botrom. It's ordinary to have Cataracts, Caſcades or Precipices, in Rivers amongſt the Mountains fifty or fixty Foot high. I have heard ſome people have been in Currents forc'd down theſe without hurt. The Water making a great Noile down ſuch Precipices, gave the name to the roaring River in the North fide. The Rivers, eſpecially that called the dry one, (becauſe 'tis fome- times dry) when it rains in the Mountains, come down with great force, carrying along any thing in their way. Theſe Rivers have done dammage to ſeveral people by coming down, they being not aware of them, it having rain'd above in the Mountains by their Springs, though not below them in the Plains. Many Fiſh are in theſe Rivers, up in the Mountains, eſpecially Cray-fiſh, wild Hogs feed on them when the Springs are low. The Fiſh oft are brought down and left in Holes, where Negroes take them by intoxicating chem with Dogwood-bark. Many fallen Trees come down the Rivers, and croſſing one ano. ther make a ſtop, whereby the Neighbouring grounds fuffer great Inundations, this, as it is beneficial to ſome, ſo it is hurtful to others, according to the wetneſs or drineſs of the Soil. Milk-River, is ſo called from the bottom of the River, which being a white Clay, has given if it's Name: it is dangerous fording it, becauſe the Fords remove as the water puts the Sand by it's Cur- yent on one ſide or other. Rocks of incredible bigneſs are brought down by the impetuoſity of Rivers which ſometimes almoſt ſtop their ancient Courſes making them run another way. By this ſteepneſs of the Hills , and conſequently impetuous mo- tion of the Current, are made the very ſteep and deep Gullies and ſides of Rivers, ſo that the Banks or Brinks of a River are ſome- times a great many yards perpendicularly high above the waters ſurface The The Introduction. X111 bo The Tides here are ſcarce to be taken notice of, there being very little increaſe or decreaſe of the water, and that depending moſtly, if not altogether, on the Winds, ſo that the Land-Winds driving off the water of the Iſland, makes a Foot, two, or more Ebb, which is moſt apparent in the mornings : in the Harbour of Port-Royal one may ſee the Coral-Rocks then lenſibly nearer the ſurface of the water, and all along the Sea-ſhore, the water is gone for a ſmall ſpace, leaving ir dry, and this much more on the South ſide of the Iſland, when the Norths blow. On the contrary the Sea-breeze driving the water on the ſhore of the Iſland, makes the Flood, ſo that in the evening it may be ſaid to be high water, eſpecially if a South, or other Wind, blows violently into the Land for ſome time together, with which the water comes in, and is much higher than ordinary. The Breezes being ſtronger or weaker according to the Moons Age, it may be thought the Tides or Currents may follow that; but I ra- ther believe they only are the effect of the Winds. The outward face of the Earth ſeems to be different here from what I cou'd obſerve in Europe, the Vallies in this Iſland being very level, with little or no riſing Ground, or ſmall Hills, and without Rocks, or Stones The Mountainous part for the moſt part is very ſteep, and furrowed by very deep Gullies on the North and South ſides of the higheſt Hills, on each ſide of which are very great Precipices. The Ridges left are where the High-ways are made, to paſs from one fide of the Iſland to the other. The Gullies are made here by frequent, and often very violent Rains, which every day almoſt fall on theſe Mountains, and firſt making a ſmall Troughor Courſe for themſelves, waſh away afterwards whatever comes in their way and make their Channel extraordinary ſteep. The greateſt part of the high Land of this Iſland is ftony, rocky, or clayey; theſe ſorts of Soil reſiſt the Rains, and ſo are not carried down violently with them into the Plains, as are the Mould proper for Tillage, and other more friable Earths, either natural to theſe places, or made of the faln and rotten Leaves, and Trunks of Trees, or Duſt carried by Wind and Rain; hence it is that in thoſe mountainous places, one ſhall have very little or none of ſuch Earths, but either a tenacious Clay, or a Honey Comb, or other Rock, on which no Earth appears; and this is generally true, unleſs in ſome few places where the Rain may carry ſome of this Earth, and there leave it, the ſituation of the place being the cauſe of ſuch an accident, by being a bottom among Hills. ders Comb (d) On WO xiv The Introduction. On the ſame account that the high Land wants tillable Earth, and is barren, the low Land is very deep of fat and black Mould in ſome places a great many yards deep, ſo that the fat, black Earth of Olaus Rudbeck, would be no certain Argument of the length of cime from the Deluge, there being none in the high Land, and a great deal more than enough in the low. Hence it comes that all low Land, near high, is the moſt fertile, and all high Land is ſcarce cultivated, the one being extreamly fertile, the other not. All the high Land is covered with Woods, which are great high Trees, ſome of them very good Timber; they are very call flen- der, ſtraight, and one would wonder how fuch Trees could grow in ſuch a barren Soil, ſo thick together, among the Rocks. The Trees fend down their fibrous Roots into the Crannies of the Rocks. where here and there they meet with little Receptacles, or natural Baſins, wherein the Rain water is preſerv'd not only for the Roots of the Trees to give them Nouriſhment; but likewiſe to give Birds and Inſects drink, and ſometimes Paſſengers on the Roads. It is like wiſe ordinary for Rain-water to be kept in the Spurs of Corton, and other Trees made hollow, and to be drunk by Hunters, and others, fucking it out with a wild Cane. 'Tis a very ſtrange thing to ſee in how ſhort a time a Plantation formerly clear'd of Trees and Shrubs, will grow foul, which comes from two cauſes; the one the nor ſtubbing up of the Roots, whence ariſe young Sprouts, and the other che Fertility of the Soil. The Settlements and Plantations of, not only the Indians, but even the Spa- niards, being quite overgrown with tall Trees, ſo that there were no Footſteps of ſuch a thing left, were it not for old Paliſadoes, Build- ings, Orange-Walks, Bc. which ſhew plainly the formerly clear'd places where Plantations have been There are the ſame Layers of Earth one over another, as are to be met with in Europe. And the ſame difference of Soil, appears here, that does in England, on digging of Wells, c. Moſt of the Savannas, or Plains fit for Paſture, and cleard of Wood like our Meadow-Land, lie on the South ſide of the Iſland, where one may ride a great many Miles without meeting any the leaſt Aſcene. Some of thele Plains are within Land encircled with Hills, as the Magotty Savanna, wc. 'Tis probable, theſe being void altogether of Trees, that they are either ſo naturally, or rather have been clear’d by the Indians, in order to plant their Maiz chere, and other Proviſions. Theſe Savannas anſwer our Meadow-Grounds in Europe, and after Seaſons, i. e. Rain, are very green and pleaſant, but after long droughts are very much parch'd and withered: Low The Introduction, XV Low Land clear’d of Wood is very proper for Hay, which has been here made in very few days, and feeds Horſes very well, but the greateſt part of the Nouriſhment of Horſes is Scotch Grals, and Indian Corn. ob vihil zita After Seaſons, i. e. three or four, or more days Rain, all manner of Proviſions, Maiz, Guinea Corn, Peaſe, Patatas, Yams, Plan- tains, &c. are planted. The Ground, after theſe Grains and Provi- fions are gathered, is clear’d, before they expect a new Seaſon, of the remaining Weeds, Stalks and Rubbiſh, which are put in heaps and burnt. Their new clear'd Grounds are too rich, thoſe which have been manur'd for a long time need Dung, which now they begin to look after, not burning their Traſh as formerly, but keeping it in great heaps to rot, in time to make the better Dung. The Stalks of Guinea-Corn and traſh, ( that is the marc, or re- maining part of the Sugar Canes, after the Expreſion of the Juice whereof Sugar is made,) is uſed in Barbados, for fire wood, in three or four of the Stoke-holes, where a leſs degree of Fire is fuffi- cient, and begins to be in uſe in Jamaica, in places where Fire wood is ſcarce. ele altor In places clear'd, and ruin'd or grown wild again, the ſeveral ſorts of ſcandent or climbing Plants, eſpecially Convolvuli, do ſo much abound and proſper, that there is no paſſing without a Bill to cur ones way; they are ſo high, as not only to mount up the young Shrubs but even to the tops of the talleſt Trees, whence they hang down, and often pull down the Trees with them. Trees fåln in the Path, and turning to Mould or Earth, I have obſerv'd here to yield juſt the ſame fort of Earth for colour, wc. as the Soil is, in which they grew. The Meat of the Inhabitants of Jamaica, is generally ſuch as is in England, as Beef, Pork, and Fiſh, falted and preſerved, and ſent from hence and Ireland, Flour, Peale, ſalted Mackrels, &c. from theſe Places, and New-England, or New-York; on which not only the Maſters feed, but alſo they are oblig'd to furniſh their Servants both Whites and Blacks with three Pounds of Salt-Beef, Pork, or Fiſh, every week, beſides Caffada Bread, Yams, and Pa- tatas, which they eat as Bread, and is the natural Product of the Country Although there is here in the Savannas great plenty of Cattle, yet they cannot keep Beef paſt fonie few days, and that ſalted, otherwiſe in three or four hours 'cis ready to corrupt. Butchers al- ways kill in the morning juſt before day, and by ſeven a Clock the Markets for Fleſh-Meat are over. o vodi norlu eriosa yub ni od 20 Their aniwa xvi The Introduction. Their Beef here is very well taſted, and good, unleſs when Guined Hen-weed riſes in the Savannas, which is immediately after Rains, or when they are ſo parch'd that Cattle can find nothing elſe to feed on, , this having a very deep Root, and being then green. Then their whole Fleſh tafts ſo much of it, that one cannot well eat it, at which time likewiſe it infects their Milk, and very much their Kidnies. Every thing made of Milk taſts, when the Cows eat it, ſo ſtrong of it, that there is no uſing with pleaſure any thing made therewith. This is commonly thought to come from their eating Calabaſh-Tree- Leaves, which in that ſcarcity are felld to feed their Cattle; buc ic comes from this Herb, and not thence as is vulgarly ſuppoſed. Cattle feed on the Calabaſh Fruit in dry times. Horſes in the Woods are ſometimes killd by them, the Fruit ſticking ſo faſt to their Teech thac they are not able to open their Chaps to feed. The Butchers remedy the ſmell of the Guinea Hen weed in Carele, by putting them into other feeding Grounds before they are flaugh- tered, Veal is very common, but none thought good but what comes from Luidas, where the Calves are very white Aleſh'd; whether this comes from this places being mountainous, or bleeding and giving chem Chalk, as in Eſſex, I cannot tell, but the price of it was ſo ex- travagant, that in the Aſſembly they paſt an Ad that it ſhould not be fold dearer than twelve pence per Pound. A great part of the food of the beſt Inhabitants, for their own Tables, of the produce of the iſland, is Swines-fleſh, and Poultry of their own raiſing Swine are of two forts, one running wild in the Country amongſt the Woods, which feed on the falo Fruits, &c. and are lought oud by Hunters with gangs of Dogs, and chiefly found in the more un- frequented, woody, inland parts of the Iſland. After purſuit, and that they are wearied by the Dogs, when they come to a Bay, they are fhot or pierc'd through with Lances, cut open, the Bones taken our, and the Fleſh is gaſh'd on the inſide into the Skin, filld with Salt and expos’d to the Sun, which is called Jirking. It is ſo brought home to their Maſters by the Hunters, and eats much as Bacon, if broild on Coals. Thele Hunters are either Blacks or Whites, and go out with their Dogs, fome Salt and Bread, and lye far remore from Houſes, in Hurs, in the Woods, for ſeveral days, in places where Swine come to feed on the Fruits, c. returning with more or leſs Meat, according to their good or bad Fortune. The Indians are very exquiſite at this Game. The ſame method is uſed for wild Kine which are now but very few, and thoſe in the Woods in the North fide. Wild Goats there are ſome on the Salt-Pan Hills, not to be TA feen but in dry Seaſons when they come down for water. Swine The Introduction, xvii Swine fed at Crawles are in very great plenty. Theſe Crawles, or Houſes and Scies built for feeding and breeding Hogs, are kept by fome Whites, Indians or Blacks. The Swine come home every night in ſeveral hundreds from feeding on the wild Fruits in the neighbouring Woods, on the third ſound of a Conch Shell, where they are fed with ſome few Ears of Indian Corn thrown in amongſt them, and let out the next morning, not to return till night, or that they hear the found of the Shell . Theſe ſort of remote Plantations are very profitable to their Maſters, not only in feeding their own Families, but in affording them many Swine to fell for the Market. It was not a ſmall Diverſion to me, to ſee theſe Swine in the Woods, on the firſt found of the Shell, which is like that of a Trumpet, to lift up their Heads from the Ground where they were feeding, and prick up their Ears to hearken for the ſecond, which ſo ſoon as ever they heard they would begin to make ſome movements home- wards, and on the third found they would run with all their ſpeed to the place where the Overſeer us’d to throw them Corn. They are calld home ſo every night, and alſo when ſuch of them as are fit for Market are wanted ; and ſeem to be as much, if not more, under Command and Diſcipline, than any Troops I ever faw. A Palenque is here a place for bringing up of Poultry, as Turkeys, which here much exceed the European and are very good and well taſted, Hens, Ducks, Muſcovy Ducks, and ſome very few Geeſe. Muſcovy Ducks are here moſt plentiful, and thrive extreamly, they coming originally from Guinea. Theſe Poultry are all fed on Indian or Guinea Corn, and Ants Neſts brought from the Woods, which theſe fowls pick up and deſtroy mightily. Cattle are penn'd every night, or elſe they in a ſhort time run wild. Theſe Pens are made of Paliſadoes, and are look'd after very carefully by the Planters. The Oxen who have been drawing in their Mills, and are well fed on Sugar-Cane-tops, are reckoned the beſt Meat, if not too much wrought. They are likewiſe fatted by Scotch Graſs Sako bi Turtle, (Tortoiſes) are of ſeveral ſorts, thoſe of the Sea callid green Turtle from their Fats being of that colour, feed on Conches or Shell fiſh, are very good Victuals, and ſuſtain a great many, eſpecially of the poorer ſort of the Iſland. They are brought in Sloops, as the Seaſon is for breeding or feeding, from the Caymanes , or South Cayes of Cuba, in which forty Sloops, part of one hundred and eighty, belonging to Port-Royal, are always imployed. They are worth fifteen Shillings apiece, beſt when with Egg, and brought and put into Pens, or Paliſadoed places in the Harbour of Port- Royal , whence they are taken and killed, as occaſion requires. They (e) are xviii The Introduction are much better when brought in firſt, than after languiſhing in thoſe Pens, for want of Food. They infect the Blood of thoſe feeding on them, whence their Shirts are yellow, their skin and Face of the ſame colour, and their Shirts under the Armpits ſtained prodigiouſly. This I be- lieve may be one of the reaſons of the Complexion of our European Inhabitants, which is chang’d, in ſome time, from white to that of a yellowiſh colour, and which proceeds from this, as well as the Jaundies, which is common, Sea Air, &c. Land-Tortles are counted more delicate Food than thoſe of the Sea, although ſmaller. They are, as I have been told, on the main Continent of America, pen’d and fed with Patata-flips,&c. and drawn out as occafion requires either for vi&ualling the Flota, or for the private expence of their Houfes. All ſorts of Sea Tortle, except the green, are reckon'd fiſhy, and not good food. Wheelso Manati, is taken in this Iſland, very often in calm Bays, by the Indians ; It is reckoned extraordinary good Victuals. Fiſh of all ſorts are here in great plenty; but care muſt be taken they be not poylonous, this is known by the places where they uſe, where if Mans aneel-Apples are commonly eaten by them, they are very dangerous. Salt- Mackarel are here a great Provifion, eſpecially for Negros, who cover them extreamly in Pepper-Pots, or Oglios, ere. What is uſed for Bread here, by the Inhabitants, is very different from that in Europe : that coming neareft our Bread is Cafada. The Root dug up is ſeparated from its outward, fmall, thin Skin, then grated on a Wheel, or other Grater. After ſearcing, the powder is put into a Bag, and its juice ſqueez'd out, the ends of the Roots are kept for other uſes. The ſearc'd and dry Farina, is ſpread in the Sun to dry further, then pur on a Gridiron ſet on Coals, and there bak'd as Oat-Cakes are in Scotland. 'Tis obſervable, thac although it be a Powder when put on the hor Iron, yer preſently it ſticks co- gether very faſt, and becomes one ſolid Cake, which being bakºd on one ſide for fome few minutes, is turn'd and bak'd on the ocher al- moſt as long, then put on the fide of a Houſe to Sur. The ends of the Roots are made into a coarfer Flour, and a Bread is made of a coarſer fort, for making a kind of Drink callºd Perino. The juice is poiſonous, ſo that any creature drinking of it (after fwel- ling) dies preſently. Bur if Swine be by degrees accuſtomed to it, Pris the moſt fatning Food that is. This juice is whitiſh, and if le fertle, has a Settlement or Facula fubfiding, which make a very fine Flour, and this fine Flour by ſome is reckoned che beſt and moft wholeſome Farina. This و اس The Introduction. xix This Bread is eaten dry as ours, or dipt in water, on which it im- mediately ſwells, and has no very pleaſant taſte this way, though dry it has none at all. Dipt in ſugar'd water this Bread is ſtill more plea- ſant, and if it be a little tofted afterwards, it eats yer better. If dip in Wine, it will not ſwell as if dipt in Water. It will keep a long time without Corruption, ſo that it is taken as Proviſion for the Sloops trading to the Spaniſh Main, &c. This Bread is worth about ſeven Shillings and fix pence the hundred weight, ſometimes double that, according to its ſcarcity. People who feed altogether on this, live as long, and in as good Health as they who feed on any other fort of Bread. Plancains is the next moſt general ſupport of Life in the Iſland, They are brought in from the Plantain-Walk, or place where theſe Trees are planted, a little green; they ripen and turn yellow in the Houſe, when, or before they are eaten. They are uſually roſted, after being firſt cleard of their outward Skins, under the Coals. They are likewiſe boild in Oglio's or Pepper-Pors, and prepar'd in- to a Paft like Dumplins, and ſeveral other ways. A Drink is alſo made of them The next Succedaneum for Bread, in this place; are Patatas. They are roſted under the Coals, or boild, and are caten as the forrner. Yams are likewiſe us’d here in lieu of Bread, and are prepar'd as the others, only becauſe they are very large, they are uſually cut in pieces Grains in uſe here, are, 1. Guinea-Corn. 'Tis prepard, and us'd as Rice, and tafts as well, and is as nouriſhing. It is uſually the Food of Poultry and Pigeons. 2. Indian Corn or Maiz, either tofted or boild, is fed on by the Slaves, eſpecially the young Ears of it, before ripe, are roſted un der the Coals and eaten; this is thought by them very delicious, and calld Mutton; but 'tis moſt us’d for feeding Cattle and Poultry. 3. Rice is here planted by ſome Negros in their own Plantations, and thrives well, but becauſe it requires much beating, and a par- ticular Art to ſeparate the Grain from the Husk, 'ris thought coo troubleſom for its price, and ſo neglected by moſt Planters. Peale, Beans, and Pulſe of ſorts different from thoſe of Europe, are here very common. They are eaten when green, as ours of Europe, and when dry, boild, afford the Negros very good and ſtrong Proviſion Flour from New York is counted the beſt, but this as well as all other Flour, and Bisker, are ſubject to be ſpoild with Weevils, or ſmall Scarabai, if long kept, Choco XX The Introduction. is eaten. Chocolate is here us’d by all People, at all times, but chiefly in he morning; it ſeems by its oilineſs chiefly to be nouriſhing, and by the Eggs mixt with it to be render'd more ſo. The Cuſtom, and very common uſage of drinking it came to us from the Spaniards, although ours here is plain, without Spice. I found it in great quantities, nauſeous, and hard of digeſtion, which I ſuppoſe came from its great oilineſs, and therefore I was very unwilling to allow weak Stomachs the uſe of it, though Children and Infants drink it here, as comnionly as in England they feed on Milk. Chocolate colours the Excrements of thoſe feeding on it of a dirty colour. The common uſe of this, by all People in ſeveral Countries in America, proves ſufficiently its being a wholeſome Food. The drink- ing of it actually warm, may make it the more Stomachic, for we know by Anatomical preparations, that the tone of the fibres are ſtrengthened by dipping the Stomach in hot water, and that hot Liquors will diffolve what cold will leave unaffected. 2001 Beſides theſe ordinary Proviſions, the Racoon, a ſmall Quadruped, Rats are likewiſe fold by the dozen, and when they have been bred amongſt the Sugar-Canes, are thought by ſome diſcerning people very delicious Victuals . Snakes or Serpents and Coſſi (a fore of Worms) are eaten by the Indians and Negros . Durant As I have formerly obſerved ſome wonderful contrivances of Na- ture, for propagating the Kind, I ſhall now on this occaſion take notice of one very obvious, and yet not regarded for the preſervati- on of the individuum. 'Tis the great variety of Foods Mankind is fuſtained by, not only here but in the ſeveral parts of the Earth. Mankind would be at a great loſs were they reſtrain'd by Nature to any certain limited kind of Food. For when they ſhould comic to multiply and repleniſh the Earth, and live in all Climates, where the difference of Air and Soil raiſes variety of Vegetable and Ani- mal Productions, they would come to want neceſſary ſuſtenance for Life, were they not fireed by Nature, or rather the All-wiſe Author of it, to make uſe of what they find ready for that purpoſe. 'Tis for this reaſon Man has cutting and tearing, as well as grinding Teeth, and a natural Menſtruum or diffolvent in his Stomach and Guts, of great force and power in extracting Nouriſhment from the great variety of Meats, found and uſed in the ſeveral parts of the World. Chymiſts have with great induſtry many years fought after an Alcaheft, Univerſal Diffolvent, or Menſtruum, whereby to open or extract the Quinteſſence of Bodies, and have not, ſo far as I can fee or learn, been yet able to attain it. We fee every day Nature ſurpaſs them in this particular, for whereas with them ſo many kinds of Drugs or Bodies, ſo many kinds of Menſtrua are required, the Spittle, or whatever is the Menſtruum comes from the The Introduction XX . the Blood into the Stomach and Guts, and is there mix'd with our comminuted Victuals, is able to open and extract from them what is good and proper, whether they be Roots, Stalks, Leaves, or Seeds of Vegetables of ſeveral kinds; Fat or Lean of the Fleſh of Animals, or parts of them, ſweet or lower, acid or Alkali, 'tis all one, the beſt parts are kepr, and the worſt, unuſeful, or earthy, thrown off by Excrements . There will be no need of proving this, if we do bur conſider how many live very well on Vegetables only, thinking it inhuman to kill any thing to eat ; others live on Fleſh only, moſt on both Vegetables and Fleſh. Many live on the Iriſh Patatas, a ſort of Solanum, (on which, I have heard, they live in the Mines of Potoſi, and in Ireland) the common Brakes, as in the late Famine in France; on the Roots of Argentina, called Maſcorns, in Scotland and the North of Ireland, the Stalks of the Fucus Phaſganoides called Tangle in Scotland, or on the Roots of Bulbocaſtanum or Pignuts. The greateſt part of Mankind have their chief Suſtenance from Grains; as Wheat, Rice, Barley, Oats, Maiz, Buck-wheat, Zea or Spelta, Rye, fome from the Seeds of a wild Graſs called Gramen Man- na in Poland, or from wild Oats, or Folle Avoine, growing in the Lakes of Canada, on which the Indians feed; or from the Seeds of the ſeveral ſorts of Millet and Panicum. Some in Barbary feed on Palm Oil, others on that drawn from Organ or Erguen Nuts, many on Oil Olive, or that from Walnuts or Seſamum, which laſt is much uſed in Egypt and the Eaſt-Indies. Kine, Goats, Swine and Sheeps Fleſh ſuſtain moſt people in theſe parts, and ſo does Camels in Arabia, and Horſes in Tartary. Moſt in Groenland feed on large Draughts of Train Oil; and in England the poorer ſort have ſtrong Nouriſhment from Milk meats, (on which feed the longeſt Livers) Butter and Cheeſe. In many parts of the World, as Lapland, &c. Fiſh is their chief fulfiltence. Beſides theſe already above mentioned, Joachimus Struppius, has written a Book printed Francof. 1573. in quarto, called Anchora Fa- mis,&c. and Giovanni Battiſta Segni, trattato ſopra la Careſtia è fame,& Bol. 1602. in quarto. wherein I find ſome of the following Vegerable and Animal Productions were made uſe of in times of Famine, which may be not only curious to conſider, but uſeful in the direction of others in the like neceſſities, ſhould it pleaſe God to inflict the like Calamity. There are likewiſe other Inſtances of extraordinary feed- ing taken from other Books, as Voyages, Sieges, &c. Petronius de vičtu Romanorum, Mundy, Muffet, &c. Roots, nor mention'd already, affording Suſtenance, are Carrots, Parſneps, Parfly, Naves, Skirrets, Radiſhes, Onions, Turneps, Scorzonera, Salſafie or Tragopogon, Peony, Gladiolus, Papyrus, Fennel, Daucus, Aſphodil , Liquorice, Bur-roots, White-chiſtle-roots, Alifanders, Satyrium, Traſi, Arachidna, e Bambi. Though xxii The Introduction. Though Stalks and Leaves afford no great Nouriſhment, yet they have ſometimes kept many from ſtarving, they are either ſuch as are tender or ſucculent of themſelves, or made ſo by earthing. They are Cichory, Selery, Endive, Sorrel, Coleworrs, Mallows, of much uſe in the Kitchin of old, Buglofs, Lettuce, Blite, Cumfry, Spinage, Leaves of Apples, Pears, Beech, Artichokes common and prickly, Muſhrooms, Purflain, on which fome people have lived in deſert Places, Sium, Primrole, Cefaglione or the head of the Dwarf Palm, the Head of the Palm called Cabbage tree, Aſparagus-like, young Shoots of Briony, black and white, Hops, Ruſcus, Equiſetum, which is reckon'd unwholeſome, and Ferula, Sea-weeds, tender Leaves and Sarments of Vines, White thorn, and Tamarind tree leaves. I find allo in want, that people have thought of young Oak-Apple, and Pear-tree-bark, as well as Fir tree-Cones. duos Enabados Many feed on Pulſe, as Peaſe of the Garden, and wild Beans, Vetches, Orobi, Lupins, Kidney-beans, Lentils, Lotus Ægyptiaca. Many on the Seeds of Lolium or Cockle, which is plentiful when Corn is ſcarce, and prepar'd by being well water’d, boild, dry'd, and made into Flour for Bread, which has been uſed in ſcarcity of Food, Sometimes this Bread has been taken out of the Oven, ſoak'd in Water, and bak'd again to free it of it's bad qualities.lry Poppy. ſeeds were likewiſe in uſe of old, and Flax-ſeed, though thought unwholeſome, allo Fenugrec ſeeds, and Hemp ſeeds, on which I have known a Woman in England feed many Months. Not to ſpeak of Acorns and Beech-maſt, the Food of our Fore- Fathers, Dates, the Food of many People in Barbary and Arabia, Figs, Piſtachias, the Severnois in France feed on Cheſnuts, the Broth or Soupe of which I have heard is very nouriſhing. Joachimus Strup- pius, in his Book abovementioned, tells us that Bread may be made of Apples, Citrons, Oranges, Pears, Sloes, Cherries, Sorvices, Al- monds, Hazelnuts, Heps, Plums, Grapes, Pine kernels, Bill-ber- ries, Rasberries, Strawberries, Mulberries, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons and Pompions. The Pulp of the Pods of the Carob, or Sia liqua-tree, in which the Seed lies, is alſo eaten in Italy, and the Bichy or Buzzee-tree in Guinea. The Fruits of Arbutus, mala inſana, tribulus terreftris, and Coco, are likewiſe fed on in the places where they grow, and the latter tranſported for proviſion to other places. All ſorts of Skins of Beaſts, or Leather, or Things made of them, Girdles, Shoes, Belts, Shields, &c. are ſoak’d, and eaten, in wang of better Food: Mules Fleſh, and Buffalos Fleſh dry'd and POW- der'd, Panthers, Bears, Lions, Foxes, Rhinocerots, Bats, large Toads in New England, Wolves, Cars, Otters, Badgers and Beavers, Mice, Tatou and Opoſſum; Birds of Prey when young, Oxygala, ſowr Milk, The Introduction. xxiii or Bonyclabber, Fiſh-bones, Tortoiſe-Eggs, Crocodiles, Blood of moſt Animals Periwinckles and Frogs, are eaten in ſcarcity of other Food. The Natural Iriſh, in ſcarcity of Grain, live on the Leaves of Water Creffes, Chambrock or trifolium pratenſe purpureum, Dils, Sea-Snails, Patella, and ſmall Filh the Sea-ſhores afford on the Ebb. The like do the Scots in the Weſtern Iſlands, where they feed on the Lactuca Marina, as in the Weſt of England, where’tis called Leaver. The Scots alſo feed on the firſt Leaves of Atriplex Sylveſtris folio finuato anguſto candicante, called by chem Milds. When I was in the South of France, I was inform’d that the Spaniſh Troops in their Neighbours hood in Catalonia, in ſcarcity eat Tallow.Candles. At the Siege of London. Derry, the Inhabitants were ſupported with Tallow. The Engliſh Sea Peaſe have fuſtained many People in caſes of Famine, and the Roots of Aſtragalus Sylvaticus have ſerv’d for the ſame purpoſe. In a Famine that ſpread over Germany in 1572. in Suevia and Sileſia, Bread was made of Reed-Roots, of thoſe of Rapunculus, iris, e, acorus noſtras; at the ſame time tender Oak Leaves were boild in Haſſia, and Children were fed with Grals and boild Hay. I was told by my good friend Mr. Cuningham, that in Cochinchina is a ſmall Bird, which makes its Neſt of a ſort of round-leay'd fhorc Sea- Plant or Fucus, which it diffolves by keeping ic in its Crop, and afterwards makes uſe of in the building its Neſt againſt the Rocks. Theſe Neſts are eaten in the Eaſt Indies, where they are in great eſteem as well as in Europe. The Crops of wild Pigeons in the beginning of the Spring, contain the young Buds of Trees and Plants, which after Maceration there, is reckoned one of the moſt delicate Sallers or Sauces, and ſo are the Inſects contained in the Sto- machs and Guts of Woodcocks. The Hottentots eat the ſmall Guts of Cattle and Sheep, with their Contents, after being worn as Brace- lers about their Necks, and there in part dried. Mæcenas was not the only perſon lov’d Affes Fleſh, for in the late War lome of the Vaudois that made a Deſcent into Dauphine, efteeni'd Aſſes Foals the beſt Dich they could get. I once knew one caſt away on a Delert Iſland, who liv'd ſometime only on Oiſters. Snails of ſeveral kinds are eaten with much ſatisfaction in Italy and France, for which reaſon the Lord Arundel, left his native Country ſhould want them, brought from Bourdeaux, to Aſhted near Epſom in Surry, ſome live ones to breed, whole Poſterity remains there in great plenty. In Silefia, Dr. Krieg has inform’dme, they make places for the breeding of Snails at this day, where they are fed with Turnep Tops, s. and carefully prepar'd for the Market. The Romans took care of them formerly after the ſame manner, as may be ſeen by the fol- lowing paſſage. M 1 boob od bilobylno on sia barbong ada pada Varro xxiv The Introduction. Varro de re Rustica, lib. 3. cap. 14. gives us an account of the ways of making their Coclearia, in the following words. Nam Gidoneus ſub dio ſumendus locus cocleariis, quem totum circum aqua clandas, ne quas ibi poſueris ad partum,non liberos earum, ſed ipſas queras. Aqua, inquam, finiende, ne fugitivarius fit parandus. Locus is melior, quem non co. quit ſol, e tangit ros. Qui ſi naturalis non eſt (ut ferè non funt in aprico loco) neque habeas in opaco, ut facias, ut ſunt ſub rupibus ac montibus, quorum allu ant radices lacus ac fluvii, manu facere oportet ro- fcidum : qui fit, ſi eduxeris fiftulam, & in eam mamillas impofueris te- nues, que eructent aquam, ita ut in aliquem lapidem incidat, ac late diſi- petur. Parvus iis cibus opus eft, & is fine miniſtratore. Et hunc, dum Jerpit , non folùm in area reperit , fed etiam fi rivms non prohibet, in pa- rietes ſtantes invenit. Denique ipſa exgruminantes ad propalam vitam diu producunt, cum ad eam rem pauca laurea folia interjiciant, & alper- gant furfures non multos. Itaque coquus has vivas an mortuas coquat, plerumque neſcit. Genera coclearum ſunt plura, ut minute albula, que afferuntar è Reatino, & maxime que de Illyrico apportantur, & medio- cres, que ex Africa afferuntur. Non quo non in his regionibus quibuſdam locis, eæ magnitudinibus non fine diſpariles , nam & valde ampla ſunt . Quanquam ex Africa quæ vocantur folitannæ, ita ut in eas 80 quadrantes conjici poffunt, & fic in aliis regionibus eædem inter fe collata e minores funt dc majores. He in fætura pariunt innumerabilia. Earum ſemen minutum ac teſta molli, diuturnitate obdureſcit, magnis infulis in areis fa&tis, magnum bolum deferunt æris. Has quoque ſaginare ſolent ita, ut ollam cum foraminibus incruſtent ſapa & farre, ubi paſcantur, quæ foramina habeat, ut intrare aer poffit. Vivax enim hæc Natura. Not only places were made for Snails by the Romans, as Parks for Deer with US, but alſo conveniences were made for Rats to feed, and be bred for the Table, as appears by what the ſame Author tells us in the next Chapter Glirarium autem diſſimili ratione habetur, quòd non aqua, /ed maceria locus Jepitur, Tota levi lapide, aut te&torio intrinfecus incruſtatur, ne ex ea erepere posſit. In eo arbuſculas effe oportet, quæ ferunt glandem: qua, cum fructum non ferunt, intra maceriam jacere oportet glandem & caftane- am unde faturi fiant. Facere his cavos oportet laxiores, ubi pullos parere poffint. Aquam eſſe tenuem, quòd ea non utuntur multum, & aridum lo- cum querunt. Hi Jaginantur in doliis, quæ etiam in villis habent multi, quæ figuli faciunt, multo aliter atque alia, quòd in lateribus eorum femitas faciunt, ixvi The Introduction. told me, the morning, croſs’d the Mountain, on which I ſaw thoſe wonder- ful Ferns deſcribed hereafter, and obſerv'd the Trees coyer'd with the Phafeoli, called Cocoons, of which Snuff-Boxes are made. Going over the Moneque Savanna I gather’d the ſenſible Plant, and came to St. Anns. I obſerved the Ruins of the Town called Sevilla, among which a Church built by Peter Martyr of Angleria, of a ſort of Freeſtone (to be had near this Cicy) and Bricks. A Pavement was found two Miles from this Church, the City was ſo large, it had a fora tified Caſtle, the Walls of Pebbles and Brick, four foot thick ; ic was and is a good Port. There was formerly here one great Su- garwork at a pretty diſtance, the Mill whereof wene by Water, which was brought ſome Miles thither. The Axlecree of this is to be ſeen intire at this day. This Town is now Captain Hemmings's Plantation. The Church was not finiſhed, it was twency Paces broad, and thirty Paces long: there were two rows of Pillars within, over the place where the Altar was to be, were fome Car- vings under the ends of the Arches. It was built of a ſort of Stone, between Freeſtone and Marble taken out of a Quarry about a Mile up in the Hills; the Houſes and Foundations ſtand for ſeveral Miles along and the ground towards the Country is riſing. Caprain Hemmings he ſometimes found Pavements under his Canes, three Foot covered with Earth, and ſeveral times Wells, and ſometimes Bu- rial-Stones finely Cut. There are the beginnings of a great Houſe call d a Monaſtery, but I ſuppoſe the Houle was deſign'd for the Governour. There were two Coats of Arms lay by, not ſet up; a Ducal one, and that of a Count, I ſuppoſe belonging to Columbus his Family, the Proprietors of the iſland. There had been raiſed a Tower, part Brick, and part Hewn Stone, as al- ſo ſeveral Battlements on it, and other lower Buildings not fi- niſhed. At the Church lie ſeveral arched Stones to compleat it, which had never been put up, but lay among the Canes. The rows of Pillars within were for the moſt part plain. In the time of the Spaniards it was thought the Europeans had been cut off by the Indians, and ſo the Church left unfiniſhed. When the Engliſh took the Iſland, the ruins of this City were ſo over- grown with Wood, that they were all turn'd black, nay; I ſaw a Mammee, or Baſtard Mammee-Tree grow within the Walls of the Tower, fo high as that it muſt bave been a very large Gun could kill a Bird on the top of it, and the moſt of the Timber fellid off this place, when it was planted, was ſixty Foot or more long. A great many Wells are on this ground. In the Bay, under this, is a very fine Harbour, made by a Reef run. part ning The Introduction. Ixvii ning out a great way, able to hold a great many very good Ships. The Weft-Gate of the Church was very fine Work, and ſtands vea ry entire, it was ſeven Foot wide, and as high before the Arch began. Over the Door in the middle was our Saviour's Head with a Crown of Thornis between two Angels, on the right ſide a ſmall round figure of ſome Saint with a Knife ſtruck into his Head, on the left a Virgin Mary or Madonna, her Arm tied in three places, Spaniſh Faſhion. Over the Gate, under a Coat of Arms, this In- fcription PETRUS. MARTIR. AB. ANGLERIA. ITALUS. CIVIS. MEDIOLANEN. PROTHON. APOS. HVIVS INSVLE. AB- BAS. SENATVS. INDICI. CONSILIARIVS. LIGNEAM. PRI- US, ADEM. HANC. BIS. IGNE. CONSVMPTAM. LATE- RICIO. ET. QUADRATO. LAPIDE. PRIMVS. A. FUNDA- MENTIS. EXTRUXIT. The words are entire, except Mediolanenſis, which I have ſupplied becauſe this Peter Martir, a famous Man, wrote himſelf of Milan. He was Author of the Decads, Epiſtles, and ſome other Books,which gave him great Reputation in the World. I went from St. Anns towards St. Georges, where I croſfed the Ri. ver called Rio Nuevo. I ſaw the old Spaniſh Fortifications, whither the Spaniards retreated, and kept themſelves till they were carried to Cuba, where they, for the moſt part, feccled about a place called St. Jago. Colonel Ballard, who was prefent at the taking of the Iſland, aſſured me that the Spaniards (who Inhabited the Iſland to the number of Five thouſand, with as many Blacks) retired to the North-fide, where Seven hundred fortified themſelves ve- ry well, but were beat in their forts by ſo many Engliſh. The Governour was an old decrepid Man, who was brought to them in an Hamaca, his Name was Don Juan Ramires de Arellano Caval- lero del Habito de S.Jago. They held it out in this North-fide for ſome time. The ſame Perſon likewiſe told me that when the Spaniards were retreated into their Fortifications, at the firſt coming of the Engliſh hither, the Spaniſh Dogs went all wild, and that they were almost as big as Iriſh Grey-Hounds. They uſed to hunt of themlelves the Cattle which were in the Savannas and Woods. One day Colonel Ballard aſſured me he ſaw a little reddishone, calld a Bulc, howl, and was anſwer'd by the others in the Woods, who came from all quarters to him, and then went orderly about to take their Supper. The Soldiers uſed to follow the wild Cattle on Horſeback, and take them in the manner before related. The wild Dogs, who noc Ixviii The Introduction. not only devour'd and took at Bay the Cows, but Affes, Colts, &C. did much miſchief in the night. On the firſt Diſcovery of the West Indies, Dogs were very much uſed by the Spaniards to hunt the poor Indians, who had eſcap'd them over Rivers or into Woods; and their Voyages or Relations tell us there was a certain ſhare of Booty due to the Maſter of the Dog, upon ſuch Excurſions, I think about half of what was given to a Man. 515 Ants are ſaid to have killed the Spaniſh Children by eating their Eyes when they were left in their Cradles in this part of the iſland: this is given as one Reaſon why the Spaniards left this part of the Country, where they had firſt fertled, and built the Towns of Sevilla and Melilla. Sir Thomas Lynch, when Governour of Jamaica, fent to the old Spaniſh Inhabitants of it on Cuba, to know what Reaſon they had to leave it, and go to the South-fide ; the anſwer they made was, that they left it becauſe their Children died there, that there were abundance of Ants, that there was no good Port, and that it was out of the Road for the Trade of Cartagena, and Santo Domingo. How troubleſome Ants may be to Men and Women, much more to Children, may be ſeen in the Relations of Africa, particularly by Denys and Carli , who tell us that when the Ants ſet upon a Houſe, the Inhabitants are forc'd to run for it. I once went to viſit Mr. Rowe, a fick Perſon at St. Jago de la Vega in Jamaica in a morning, and found him more than ordinarily diſcompos'd, for that the Ants by eating in the night ſome of the joints of his Bedſtead, his Bed of a ſudden had fallen to the ground; but of this and their won- derful Actions, I ſhall have occaſion to Diſcourſe hereafter. In the Northern ſide one tried to kill them with a Train of Gun-Powder, but could not. If you thruſt an Animals Thigh-Bone into one of their Neſts, they will be all killd by the Wood-Ants for love of the Bone. sv Ginger is planted in this North-ſide of the Idland in holes four Inches deep, made with Houghs in clear’d Ground, fix Inches aſun- der one Root from another. They put into each hole a ſmall piece of a Root, and cover it with Earth, in twelve Months it covers the Ground, ſo that a Hough cannot be put where the Races or Roots are not. At twelve months end, when the Stalks and Leaves are withered, 'tis Hough'd up, cleard of its Fibrils, Stalks and Strings, by a Knife, or the Hand, then waſh'd in fair water, put in a Basket about a hundred Pound at a time, and boild in a Kettle for a quar- ter of an hour, then expos’d to the Sun and dried. Though Rain comes, it hurts it not; this is the Black Ginger. Freſh Roots muſt be boild in freſh water. bno nos bliva Lalu un od bliw on botas adidan ada di marl The The Introduction. lxix The white ſort of Ginger is made by only ſcraping the freſh Root clean of its outward Membrane, and expofing it in the Suri till it be dry. This white Ginger is eaſily ſpoild by Worms. Some ſay that in the Windward Illands or Caribes, 'cis only dried on a ſandy Bay.ba There is a white fort prepar'd as the black, only it is boild in Lime-water, which makes it, as they ſay, not ſo wholeſome. This Root is very often injured by Worms as well as China Roots, which are apt to breed a ſmall light brown Scarabeus, like that bred in Rhubarb.babago arabens, duke that Preſerv'd wet Ginger, is made by drawing up the Ginger while Pris young, about three months old. After cleanſing, 'tis loak'd in water for a day, then boil'd in fair water ſhifted fix or ſeven times, it giving each water a very biting taſt, then 'tis clear’d of its outward Membrane, foak’d again in fair water, and put into a Syrup made of fine Sugar. It draws the Sugar, ſay they, and leaves the water behind it to be thrown away, then 'cis put into freſh Syrup, and ſo ſeveral times, and not boild up till the laſt ſhifting, after which 'cis kept for uſe , Dry preſerv'd Ginger is only this expos’d to the Suns Beams till dry. To bavisido Invio s now 8801 Guinea Corn, and great Indian Corn, are ripe in three Months or a little more, from their reſpective plantings, Patato's in four, and Yams in twelve months, 19mosomol caso in V The way to make Cane-Drink.ge HS Take fix or ſeven long Sugar-Canes, cut them to pieces, beat them in a Mortar, put them into a Kectle, with about three Gallons of water, boil them for a pretty while, then put as many freſh Canes, and about a Gallon of water more; Boil them again. When 'tis cool, ſtrain your Drink, ſet it in a Jar, and put to it the white of an Egg beat to froth, to which ſome of the Liquor is added. Let it work twelve hours, then Bortle it, it looks very clear. as won Bonano and Plantain Drinks are ſeverally made by maſhing of ei ther of theſe ripe Fruits with water, till it comes to be pretty well mix'd with the Fruits, then they let it ſtand in a Trough twelve hours, and draw it off. Como Theſe Liquors are very much us’d for ordinary Drink in the re- mote Plantations, and North parts of this Iſland. I was aſſured here, that in this part of the Iſland, at a place called Wague Water, Horſes ſtill remain wild in the Hills among the Woods, and that whenſoever they are taken and forc'd to ſtay in the Savannas, or are openly expoſed to the Sun; they dye in ſome time. Ia 1xx The Introduction. In the North-ſide of this Iſland, in the month of January when the Norths blow, they have great Rains, ſo that the Roads are ſcarce paſſable at that time. I returned from the North-fide to the South-fide, by a Road of the ridge of Hills called Archers-Ridge, and by the Banks of Orange-River. Afterwards I came to Rio d'Oro, which I ſaw fink into the Earth, and riſe up again out of it in two or three ſeveral places. I went to Guanaboa, where are large Settlements and Plantations, and obſerved that tract of Ground called the Red Hills between Guanaboa and the Town. The duft of theſe Hills is red, apr to fly, and ſticks faſt to Travellers, the Soil being claiy and barren. Guanaboa, or as the Spaniards wrote it, Guainabo, is a fine Valley, ve- ry well planted, having rain almoſt every day. On theſe Red Hills, four Miles from Town, lived Mr. Barnes a Carpenter, who uſed to cut and bring Wood to the Town. He told me that prickly yellow Wood which grows in great plenty here, and is deſcrib'd hereafter, was good for nothing but to burn. He likewiſe aſſured me that the day before I was there (which was Sept. 9. 1688. when at Town I obſerved a North-Wind) at his Plantation here, there happened a thing extraordinary, vize with the North came Hail and fell about his Houſe, as big as Pullets Eggs, of various ſhapes, ſome corner'd like cut Diamonds, ſome ſhap'd like a Heart, c. he cried to keep them in Flower, but they ſoon melted. This Hail beat down his high Caſſada to the Roots, his other things were laid flat by ir, it alſo beat down Orange Trees. He carried me half a Mile up his Plantation, ſhewd me the Woods wherein the Spaniards had uſually planted their Caſſada for the Town, after felling of the Woods. The Trees were grown, from the time the Spaniards had quitted che Iland, to the cime I ſaw them, to be at leaſt forty or fifty Foot high, long ſmall, and ſtraight. They ofren in thoſe Woods meet with Paliſadoes, Orange-Walks, Limes, and other marks of formerly planted Ground. He once, ten years ago, in the Mountains in a natural hole in a Rock, found a Coffin partly corrupted, with a Body in it, he ſuppos'd it to have been Tome Spaniard thrown in there in haft. Half a Mile from his Plantation, ten years ago, he found a Cave in which lay a human Body's Bones all in order, the Body having been eaten by the Ants. The Ants Neſts we found there, the reſt of the Cave was filld with Pors or Urns, wherein were Bones of Men and Children, the Pots were Oval, large, of a rediſh dirty colour. On the upper part of the Rim or Ledge there ftood out an Ear, on which were made ſome Lines, the Ears were not over an Inch ſquare, towards the top it had two parallel Lines went round, being groſely The Introduction, Ixxi SEE grolly cur in the Edges near. The Negroes had remov'd moſt of theſe Pors to boil their Meat in. The Cave was about eight or nine Foot Diameter, roundiſh, and about five Foot high, it was on a ſufficiently high Precipice, of nine Foot ſteep Aſcent before one came at it. It was before opening curiouſly ſhut in on all fides with thin, flat Stones. The Ants had cat one Carcaſs to the Bones, and had made holes in their ends, whereat they enter’d, I fuppoſe, to eat the Marrow. At Guanoboa, in the time of the Spaniards, were great Chocolate or Cacao Nut-Walks ; but after that Tree was blaſted, moſt of them were ruin'd. The Trees wild in theſe ruin'd Plantations, are grown in ſo ſhort time monſtrouſly, being ſome of them feventy Foot of good Timber. Surveyors know all the Trees by their Barks. Thoſe chat grow low and buſhy in the Commons, grow high and call in the Woods. 5 At Guanaboa the great Rains are in May, and continue fo till O&tober from the Sea, then their Norths come in. I ſaw here in the Gully, a Rock upwards of fixty Foot perpendicular heighth, being the ſide of a Hill, which towards the Gully was ſteep, it was call'd the end of the World. There is another Rock much more than twice as high, towards fixteen-Mile-Walk, in the Road from the Town near the hollow Rock. Here, on the barren ſides of ſmall rocky Hills, I ſaw great va- riety of Gourds. They ſerve the Iſland inſtead of Bottles, Pails, Ladles, ſmall hoop'd Veſſels, Coopers, Turners, and Glaſs-Wares. They are of ſeveral Shapes and Sizes, from ſmall ones, of which are made Snuff-Boxes, to ſuch as will hold four or five Gallons. All of them, except the ſweet one, which is us’d for Preſerves and Sweet-Meats, are purgative. The Leaves in Clyfters are given in the Belly-ach. The Bottle, and other Gourds are clean'd either by lying in the field till dry, when by cutting off the Top, the Seeds come out, or by putting in Water, which by moiſtning brings the Pulp and Seeds out. If one drinks the Water that has ſtood in a green Gourd, 'tis very purging, but 'tis not ſo in one long us’d. I ſaw them likewiſe here Preſerve, or Pickle Green Indian-Bell- Pepper. Before it turns red, this Capſicum is cut and cleanſed from its Seeds, then has a gentle Boil in Water, and ſo is put into a Pickle of Lime Juice, Salt and Water, and kept for uſe. To make China Drink. Take four or five handfuls of the Root cut in pieces, boil it in ſo many Gallons of Water, take it off the Fire, let it cool, and put two Pounds of clarify'd Sugar to it, let it ſtand, and after twelve Hours bottle it. It is of a red Colour, and a very pleaſant Drink. sw Voltoidiquis nis ei aida lxxii The Introduction. In time of Sugar-making, two Quarts of clear Moloſſes is though better than the Sugar. Beyond Guanaboa in the Mountains, were ſeveral Cacco Walks, or Plantations in the time of the Spaniards, but now they are ruined, only ſome few Cacao-Trees ſtand here and there in the Woods, as there is of Oranges, &c. the Wood about them is likewiſe here grown ſince the Spaniards left the Iſland, as high as any of the Iſland, being ſeventy Foot high of Timber, and I went to Liguanee, and croſſed from Paſſage. Fort, the Arm of the Sea which comes in by Port-Royal. The greateſt part of the Shore of this Illand, and particularly of this Bay, are full of a Tree calld Mangrove, of which I ſhall ſpeak hereafter. In the mean time, I think fit only to take notice that Oiſters grow or ſtick to theſe Trees, not upon them like Fruit, as is vulgarly conceived, but only to ſo much of the Root of the Mangrove- Tree, as is under Water : the Tree-Oiſters ſtick and falten themſelves, and afterwards ſeveral of them ſtick together, the lower down they are the bigger ; ſo that at low Water the beſt is taken. They cauſe the Flux and Fevers when eat in exceſs, and taſte ſomewhat like ours. When through any Accident theſe Oiſters die, they corupt, ſtink, and infect the Air and Wind, and are noilom to the places about them, on this account the Land-Winds are thought to bring Port-Royal no good Air. Sloops may, if they know the Paſſage or Canal, go to Palf age- Fort from Port-Royal, otherwiſe they cannot for the Shoals. Men of- War Birds, ſo call'd, appear in this Bay, they fly like Kires, look black, are very large wing’d in proportion to the Body, they fighe with Sea-Gulls, (which are to be found here, and are like ours,) for their Prey. She Pelicans fiſh in this Bay, likewiſe in blowing Weather, when they cannot fiſh abroad, and in the calm Mornings they dive after their Prey. Spaniſh Mackarel are taken in this Bay in plenty. They are like ours, only made like a Boneto. I here oblerved a ſmall Shoal of ſmall Fiſhes to leap out of the Water, being purſued by greater Fiſhes. cobus The whole Shoals between Port-Royal and Paſſage-Fort are cover'd with Coral of ſeveral forts, and Alga anguſtifolia Vitrariorum or Sea- Grafs. There are alſo Scar: Fiſhes of ſeveral ſorts, large and five- pointed, as well as ſmall, and ſeveral ſorts of the Echinus Marinus. Al- lcgators are often drawn on Shoar in the Senne-Nets by the Fiſher-men, whole Ners are generally broken by them. Theſe Allegators are lo calld from the word Alagarta, in Spaniſh, ſignifying a Lizard, of which this is an amphibious fort. When I was in Jamaica, there was one of The Introduction, 1xxiii of theſe uſed to do abundance of miſchief to the Peoples Cattle in the Neighbourhood of this Bay, having his regular courſes to look for Prey. One of the Inhabitants there, as I was told, tied a long Cord to his Bedſtead, and to the other end of the Cord faſtened a piece of Wood and a Dog, ſo that the Allegator ſwallowing the Dog and piece of Wood, the latter came croſs his Throat, as it was deſign'd, and after pulling the Bedſtead to the Window, and awaking the Perſon in Bed, he was caught. Allegators love Dogs extreamly, but prey alſo on Cattle. This Allegator was nineteen feer long There are allo Sharks to be found in the Sea hereabouts. A Man bathing in the Sea by Port-Royal had part of the Fleſh of his Arm and Breaft at one mouthful torn off by a Shark, of which he imme- diately died. I was told that one Rockey a Privateer uſed to go and fight with them in the Water, and ſo do ſome Divers, killing thern with Bodkins run into their Bellies, while they turn themſelves to Prey. I ſaw in this Harbour and Bay a Ship come from Guinea, loaded with Blacks to ſell. The Ship was very nafty with ſo many people on Board. I was aſſured that the Negroes feed on Pindals, or Indian Earth-Nuts, a ſort of Pea or Bean producing its Pods under ground. Coming from Guinea hither, they are fed on theſe Nuts, or Indian- Corn boild whole twice a day, at eight a Clock, and four in the Afternoon, each having a Pint of Water allow'd him. The Ne- groes from Angola and Gamba, are not troubled with Worms, but thoſe from the Gold Coaſt very much, I was inform'd here that Ewes bring forth twice in fifteen months, without any regard to the time of the year ; but Cows bring forth their young according to the Seaſons of Europe. I law fome Guinea-Sheep, they were brought by a Ship from that Country, being provided by the Commander to eat at Sea, but when the Ship arrived they were preſented to a Planter in Liguanee. They are like Goats in every reſpect, having for the moſt part black and white ſhort Hair, like that of a ſix weeks or a month old Calf. They are much leſs than Goats, inultiply very faſt, and are very ſweet Mear. At ſome Plantations bordering on this Bay many Whites die, as believed by the ill Air, ſome of them lying in bottoms, bordering on Marſhes near the Sea. On the other hand, Plantations that are ſeated high are very healthy, and the People are not ſickly. Colonel Barry's Houſe all galleried round, was formerly, when the Spaniards poſſeſs’d the Iſland, the only place in Liguanee inhabited. A very rich Widow had here a Sugar-work, and abundance of Cattle in the Savanna's, near forty thouſand. (D) The Ixxiv The Introduction. The Spaniards thought that in Liguanee, was to be found good Gold and Copper Oar, for when Sir Thomas Lynch ſent to know of the old Inhabitants of Jamaica at Cuba, where they had found Mines in Jamaica, they anſwered in Liguanee, but that they never had wrought them. When I was at Liguanee, I was inform’d that there was a Planta- tion in the Mountains belonging to Captain Harriſon, where was a Garden the beſt furniſhed of any in the Iſland with European Garden Plants; ſuch as are either uſed for Phyſick, for the Kitchen, or for Ornament. The high ſituation of the place made ic ficter for the Production of theſe Vegetables, becauſe the higher the cooler, and that generally there are more Rains and Showers on Mountains chan in the Valleys. Here follows a Liſt of the European Plants I met with in this Garden, and of thoſe which I obſerv'd to grow in other parts of the Iſland. They all thrive almoſt as well as in Europe, ſave Wheat, Oats, and Apples. Apium hortenfe ſeu petroſelinum vulgo. C. B. pin. p. 153. Com- mon Parſley Abfynthium Ponticum, feu Romanum officinarum, ſeu Diofcoridis. C.B. pin. p. 138. Common-Wormwoood. Artemiſia vulgaris major. C. B. pin. p. 137. Common Mugwort. Meliſſa hortenſis. C. B. p. 229. Bawm. Lavendula major five vulgaris. Park. p. 73. Lavender. Thymus vulgaris folio tenuiore. C. B. pin. p. 219. Thyme. Satureia hortenſis . Park. p. 4. Savory. Hylopus ſativus vulgaris. Lugd. p.933. Hyſſop. Pulegium latifolium. C. B. pin. p. 222. Penny-Royal. Tanacetum vulgare. Park. 462. Tanſie. Sand Carduus Benedi&tus, Park, p. 530. Carduus. Horminum ſclarea di&tum. C. B. pin. p. 238. Clary. Borago. Cam. hort. p. 29. Borrage. Bugloſſum. Park. p. 239. Bugloſs. Pimpinella ſanguiſorba minor hirſuta. C. B. pin. p. 160. Burnet: Melo vulgaris. C. B. p.310. Musk-Melons. Aſparagus ſativus. Ger. Sparagus. Cinara hortenſis foliis non aculeatis . C. B. pin, p. 383. Artichokes. Paſtinaca ſativa ſive carota lutea & alba. J.B. Tom. 3. lib. 27. Paſtinaca ſativa five carota rubra. Ejufd. 16. Yellow, White, and Red Carrots. Naſturtium hortenſe vulgatum. C. B. pin. p. 130. Common- Garden-Creffes р, бо. . SI SD son bluoma Mentha SON OROL 3 The Introduction. LXXV Mentha prima five rubra. Park. par. p. 480. Garden-Mint. Fragaria vulgaris. C. B. pin. p. 526. Strawberry. Smilax hortenſis ſive phaſeolus major. C B. pin. p. 339. Kidney, Beans or French Beans. Raphanus minor oblongus. C. B. p. 96. Garden-Radiſh. t adgona Ruſticanus. C. B. pin. p. 96. Horſe-Radiſh. Braſſica vulgaris ſativa. Lob. obl. p. 122. Icon. p. 243. Cole- Worts, Lactuca ſativa. C. B. pin. p. 122. Garden-Lettice. Glycyrrhiza vulgaris. Dod. p.341. Liquorice. Ruta hortenſis major latifolia. Moriſ. hiſt. p. 507. Rue. Calendula ſativa. Tab.tom. 2. p. 49. Marygold. Houston Cucumis ſativus vulgaris. C. B. pin. p. 310. Cucumbers. Roſa Provincialis five Damaſcena. Ger. Province Roſes. Theſe grow very well in Barbados. Roſmarinus. Riv. p. 10. Roſemary. Vilis Venifera. Lac. p. 502. The Vine. Pomus live malum. C. B. pin. p. 432. The Apple-Tree. Salvia major vulgaris. Park. p. 40. Sage. Braſſica capitata alba. C. B. pin. p.nu. Cabbage. Ficus communis. C. B. pin.p. 557. The Fig-Tree.gilla Acetoſa pratenſis. C. B. pin. p. 114. Sorrel . Marrubium nigrum fatidum ballote Dioſcoridis. C.B. pin. p. 23. Avena vulgaris five alba. C.B. pin. p. 23. Oats. Rapa ſativa rotunda. C. B. pin. p. 89. Round. Turnep. Oblonga. Ejuſd. p.90. Long-Turnep. Piſum arvenſe. C. B. p. 342. Field-Peaſe. Cepe vulgaris. C. B. pin. 71. Onion. Sinapi ſativum. Ger. Muſtard. Triticum. Adv. p. 5. Wheats Rubus Idaus, Rasberries. This was the fame with that of Ex- rope, only more creeping. Flowers. Tanacetam Africanum majus flore pleno. C.B. - Minus flore ſimplici . C. B. Amaranthus fimplici panicula. C. B. pin, p. 121. Amaranth. __ Panicula incurva holoſericea. Ger. Hyacinthus Indicus tuberoſa radice. Cluſ.rar.pl.hiſt.p.176. Tuberoſes . I went to Colonel Creid's Plantation, May, 19. they were ſetting after a days Rain, fome clay.colour'd and red Peaſe. One or more of the Negroes went with a How, and ſcratch'd up ſome Earth, and a little after followed another Black, who put into the hole three Peale, and then with his Foot cover'd them with the mould ſcratch'd off lxxvi The Introduction. s off by the former. One ortwo of the Peaſe is ſuppoſed to be eaten by Vermin. They were planted at about two Foot diſtance, and are ripe in two months, gathered when dry, and boiled as Peaſe in England. They are good nouriſhment for Negroes. They are uncer- tain in Seaſons, or Rains here, therefore plant no Cotton. Indian Corn cannot be ſet to grow but after Rain. It is beſt to be hung up in its Membranes to be hardened and kept from Weeoils. There is a ſort of White Caffada not poylonous, which boild as Yams are, may be eat like them. I was inform'd here that Snails Calcin'd, and a water made of them like Lime-water, it is a good Remedy in Bloody-Fluxes. For the better underſtanding of ſeveral matters in the Weſt Indies, I think it proper to ſubjoin fome accounts I received from ſeveral Credible Perſons who had lived, and made Voyages to ſeveral parts in the Neighbourhood of Jamaica. Theſe follow without any other order than that of the time they were told me, and enter'd in my Journal which was generally when the Perſons came upon their firſt arrival to wait on the Duke of Albemarle as Governour of the Iſland. One King Jeremy came from the Moſquitos (an Indian People near the Provinces of Nicaragua, Honduras, and Coſta Rica) he pretended to be a King there, and came from the others of his Country, to beg of the Duke of Albemarle, Governor of Jamaica, his Protection, and that he would ſend a Governour thither, with a power to War on the Spaniards, and Pirats. This he alleged to be due to his Coun- try from the Crown of England, who had in the Reign of King Charles I. ſubmitted itſelf to him. The Duke of Albemarle did nothing in this matter, being afraid it might be a crick of ſome people to fer up a Government for Bucaniers or Pirats. This King Jeremy, in coming to Town, asking many queſtions about the Iſland, and not receiving as he thought, a ſatisfactory account, he pulld off his Euro- pean Cloaths bis Friends had put on, and climbid to the top of a Tree, to take a view of the Country. The Memorial, and ſub- ſtance of what he, and the people with him, repreſented to the Duke of Albemarle; was, That in the Reign of King Charles I. of ever Bleſſed Memory, the Earl of Warwick (by virtue of Letters of Re- prizal granted by his faid Majeſty for Damages received from the Subjects of his Catholick Majeſty) did poſſeſs himſelf of ſeveral Illands in the Weſt-Indies, particularly that of Providence, (ſince called by the Spaniards St. Catalina,) which is ſituate in 13 deg. 10 nl. N° Lat. lying Eaſt from Cape Gratias de Dios, (vulgarly known by the name of the Muskitos) between Thirty and Forty Leagues ; which put the ſaid Earl upon trying all ways and means of future Corre. The Introduction. filxxvii Correſpondence with the Natives of the ſaid Cape and neigbouring Country, and in ſome little time was ſo fucceſsful as to gain thar Point, and farther prevaild with them ſo far, as to perſuade them to fend home the King's Son, leaving one of his people as Hoſtage for him, which was Colonel Morris, now living at New York. The Indian Prince going home with the ſaid Earl, ſtaid in England three years, in which time the Indian King died, and the ſaid Narives having in that time had intercourſe of Friendſhip and Commerce with thoſe of Pro- vidence, were ſoon made ſenſible of the Grandeur of his Majeſty of Great Britain, and how neceſſary his Protection was to them. Upon the return of the ſaid Indian Prince, they perſuaded him to reſign up his Authority and Power over them, and (with them) unanimouſly declare themſelves the Subjects of his faid Majeſty of Great Britain, in which Opinion they have ever ſince perſiſted, and do own no other Supream Command over them. As to the Fertility of their Soil, 'tis a very great Level, free from any Mountains for ſeveral Leagues from the Sea, the Soil black Mold mixt with Sand, where otherwiſe, the Land is covered with Pine Trees, of the nature of New England Fir, well watered with great Rivers and Rivulets. Their chief Commerce being managed in Canoes ; for Harbours ic hath but two, and they both barr’d, and ſo not capable of receiving any Veffel that draws above Eleven or Twelve Foot Water, but when wichin, able to receive Ships of the greateſt Burthen, that may lay their Sides to the Shore, and Careen fafely. In theſe Harbours are Banks or rather Rocks of Oiſters, from the bigneſs of Horſe- ſhoes, to thoſe of Colcheſter, or leſs. As to the Nature of the In- habitants, they are Affable and Courteous, very Holpitable, and rea- dy to relieve all People in Diſtreſs, but more eſpecially endeard to thoſe of the Engliſh Nation. The Men generally (peak broken Engliſh, there is nothing more hateful to them than breach of Pro- miſe, or telling an Untruth, their Words being inviolable. They are always on their Guard for 'Fear of their neighbouring Enemies, and for the moſt part get their Living by Fiſhing. Their moſt uſual Arms are ſix hand Lances ſlight ones, and one other very large and ſtrong, with which they nimbly avoid thoſe that are darted from their Enemy, the leſſer ones they handle ſo dextrouſly, that they dart ſmall Fiſhes, about the bigneſs of a Salmon Trout, Thirty Yards, and though their Country have great plenty of Deer, Pecary, and Wild-Fowl; yet they get moſt of their Proviſions out of the Sea. Their manner of living now is Patriarchal, their families being nu merous, they allowing plurality of Wives, of which only the old Women and Children perform the Work of all the reſt of the Fa- mily, but every individual Perſon pays great Duty and Reſpect to the Paterfamilias, who is abſolute Judge in all Caſes, and from whom lxxviii The Introduction. 1 whom there is no Appeal. All they produce from the Earth, of Proviſions (which they fell to the Men of War, and other Veſſels trading on the Coaſt) is equally divided among the whole Fa- mily, only the Chief and his Wife have each iwo Shares. Were ſome Perſons induſtrious to ſettle among them, and encourage them to plant, the richneſs of the Soil would eaſily, and advantageouſly produce any Commodity, eſpecially indico, but they will not permic any other Nation to ſettle among them but the Engliſh; they have fome propenſity to the Dutch, but the French they morcally hate for their wanton behaviour towards their Wives. As to their Number, no ſure account can be given, they being fettled at ſuch great di- ſtance, and uncapable to give a crue Eſtimate of themſelves, being wholly unlearned, only ſome chat have been at Providence, have learned the Lords Prayer, the Creed and Ten Commandments, which they repeat with great Devotion. One Captain Gough, who had lived there, told me they had there. about much Cochineel-Tree planted both by the Indians and Spaniards, ſometimes in Fields of Fifty or Sixty Acres of Ground: that they keep theſe Opuntia or Trees very clean, that the Inſects may breed on them; that this ſort grows very high like prickly Pears, only has no Prickles or very few : that the Inſects come from another Tree, and that they appear on the Surface of thele Plants, in form of little Bladders, which they ſweep down into an Iron Pan, which afterwards being ſet on the Fire, leaves ſomething like a Spiders Web. Afterwards they pue this Cochineel into Cheſts as cured ; if it be not enough dried, ic takes life and flies away. I ſhall have occaſion to ſpeak more of this hereafter. He told me allo Vaniglias grew here, and are cured by taking them off the Vine (which runs very far) at a certain ripeneſs, dipping them into hot Water, and drying them in the ſhade. If they be pulled too young they break, and are britele; if too old they.open, which they do of themſelves on the Trees. Another Perſon told me the Vaniglias were cured after the following manner, and I am the more willing to publiſh it, becauſe they are ſaid to grow in Jamaica, and that they cannot be ſent from thence to Europe, becauſe of their Ig, norance of the way of curing them. Another Way to Cure Vaniglias. Gather them when full ripe, prepare a Liquor, or Brine of Water and Salt, ſo ſtrong as to bear an Egg, then put to it a fourth part of Chamber-ly, and a reaſonable quantity of unflak'd Lime, and when that is incorporated, boil all together about balf an Hour, then take it off, and put the Vaniglias into the Liquor, and let them re- main The Introduction. 1xxix main there till they are throughly ſcalded or parboild ; then take them out, and dry them in the ſhade where no Sun may come at them. The ſame Perſon (poke of a Gum or Balſam, called China- Balfam, growing in the aforeſaid Moſquites Country, which is pro- cured by applying Fire to one ſide of the Tree, and gaſhing the other, at which gaſhes a black Balſam ſweats out, very proper for Wounds. They make uſe of Plantain or Muſa-Leaves for Table Cloths, and Napkins. The Women live very much in awe and ſubmiſſion to their Husbands in this country. cool 0219 En Towards the Havana, in Cuba, there are abundance of Spouts to be ſeen, more than in any other part of the Weſt Indies. It is all plain, level, and very fertile Ground thereabouts. I was told that the Engliſh Priſoners taken, as Pirates or Traders, and kept by the Spaniards, by their ſeveral Artifices. and Skill in Mechanics, get a very good Subſiſtence. In the Lake of Maracaybo, Sir Henry Morgan told me, afar off he once ſaw a thick Cloud, which when he came near, he found to be Moſquitos or Gnats. The Country thereabout is ſo mariſh and wer, as that the Inhabitants are forc'd co build their Houſes on the Trees, as Ants do in many places for the ſame reaſon. I peruſed here at Jamaica, a Journal of Sir William Phipps, which gave an account of the firſt finding of the great Plate-Wreck to the North Eaſt of Hiſpaniola. After Sir William Phipps had been at Sa- mana, on the North ſide of Hiſpaniola, he went with one Rogers, Maſter of a ſmall Ship to Porto Plata, and there diſcharging three Guns to gec the Spaniards to Trade, they came down, and the Engliſh fold (mall Bables, and Scarges for Hides, and jirked Hogs taken by the Hunters there. In the mean time Rogers had been on the Wreck, diſcover'd it by means of a Sea-Feather, growing on the Planks of the Ship lying under water, and brought from thence the news of its being found. They went thither, found it grown over with Coral, and Lapis Aſtroites, and took up Silver as the Weather and their Divers held out, ſome days more, and ſome leſs. The ſmall Ship went near, the great one rode afar off. At laſt they got in Bullion 221901. in Coin 30326. of which were Sows, and great Bars 336. After they fail'd for Turks Iſlands for Salt, and going thither, after ſeveral hours failing, had almoſt been a-ground and wreck'd on the Handkercher Shoal. They about the Wreck were ſometimes in ſe- ven Fathom Water, and immediately almoſt out of reach of the bottom by founding This lxxx The Introduction This Wreck had been a Spaniſh Galeon loft on theſe Shoals, near the Abreojos or Handkercher Shoals, to the North-Eaſt of Hid paniola, about the year 1659. bound for Spain. The Inhabitants of Hiſpaniola, who uſed to Trade with Sir William Phipps, had ac- quainted him with it. He propoſed the taking up of this Silver to the Duke of Albemarle, who together with Sir James Hayes, Mr. Ni- cholſon, and others, ſet out two Ships, a greater and a leſſer, laden with Goods to Trade with Hiſpaniola, and the Spaniards in the Weſt Indies, in caſe they failed of the Wreck. They found this Wreck, as is above related, and wrought on it till the Ships Crew grew ſcarce of Proviſions, when they had taken up about Twenty fix Tuns of Silver. A Sloop from Bermudas came to their help: when they ſaild for England the Sloop return'd to Bermudas, and there diſcloſed the Matter, which loon went to the other lands. From theſe parts, and Jamaica, Sloops and Divers were ſent, who took up a vaſt quantity more of Plate and Money, ſo that before å fecond Fleet came from England, the greateſt part of what Silver re main'd unfiſh'd was taken up. Not only the Engliſh from the Plans tations and England, but the Prince of Orange, afterwards King William, from Holland, equip'd a Ship which was ſent thither, bur they came too late. Thoſe who commanded the Dutch Ship, and Sir John Narborough, who was in the Engliſh, return’d without any conſiderable Cargoes of Silver. It happened ſo not only to the firſt Patentees, but to many other People, who by the example of this Project (where the Duke of Albemarle received Fifty thouſand Pound for Eight hundred, and others in proportion) hoping for the ſame Succeſs, took out Patents for Wrecks lying at the bottom of the Seas in all places, eſpecially in the Weſt Indies, where any Traffick is uſed, not conſidering that though there have been loft divers Ships laden with Money, on many Shoals of the Weſt-Indies, ſuch as the Serra- nillas between Jamaica and the Continent, the Bahama Shoals, G. yet in moſt parts there is fuch a Vegetation of Coralline matter out of the Sea-water, as that the bottom of the Sea is incruſtated with it, and the Wrecks hid by them. The Pieces of Eight in the Silver- Wreck above-mention'd, that was loft in 1659. were covered with this Matter about a quarter of an Inch thick, and I have a piece of the Timber of the Ship, with an Iron Bolt in it, grown over with the Corallium aſperum candicans adulterinum J. B. and fome of the Pieces of Eight incruſtated, others almoſt covered with Aſtroites. Thoſe underneath were corroded with the Sea water, ſo that many of them ſtuck together. Theſe things I have cauſed, at leaſt ſome of them, to be graved. It is not only from this, but alſo Sand driving by the Winds and Currents, or Earthquakes that happen at the bottom of the Sea, that Wrecks may be cover’d, and paſt finding out. I remember an The Introduction lxxxi an African Ship, laden with Elephants Teeth, wreck'd on the Coaſt of Suſſex, which Mr. Halley told me was in a very ſhort time almoſt covered with Sand and Oaſe, ſo that the Project of recovering the Teeth, was fruſtrated, though by the help of a Diving Bell, con- triv'd by his extraordinary Skill, they had gone to the bottom of the Sea, and into the Ship, where they had a perfect view of the Ship, and all about it. Though the Money brought into England from the firſt Wreck was very conſiderable, yer much more was loft on Projects of the ſame nature. For every filly Story of a rich Ship loft, was credited, a Patent taken out, Divers, who are us’d to Pearl-fiſhing, &c. and can ſtay under Water fome Minutes, bought or hir'd at great Rates, and a ship ſet out for bring- ing home Silver. There was one Ship loſt amongſt the reſt, ſaid to be very rich, near Bermudas, which was divided into Shares and ſold. It was ſaid to be in the Poſſeſſion of the Devil, and they told Stories how he kept it. I do not find the People, who ſpent their Money, on this, or any of theſe Projects, excepting the fult, goc any thing by chem. W3 516 Start again Colonel Nedham, who had liv'd ſome time in Teneriff, told me, that in the Year 1649. Locufts deſtroy'd all the Product of that lfland; they ſaw them come off from the Coaſt of Barbary, the Wind being a Levant from thence; they flew ſo far as they could, then one lighred in the Sea, and another on it, ſo that one after another they made a heap as big as the greateſt Ship above Water, and were eſteemed al- moſt as many under. Thoſe above Water, next Day, after the Sun's refreſhing them, took flight again, and came in Clouds to the Iſland, from whence they had perceiv'd them in the Air, and had by their Military Officers gathered all the Soldiers of the Iſland and La Laguna together, being ſeven or eight thouſand Men, who laying aſide their Arms, ſome took Bags, ſome Spades, and having notice by their Scouts from the Hills, where they alighted, they went ftrait thither, made Trenches, and brought their Bags full, and co- ver'd them with Mould. This did not do, for ſome of the Locufts eſcap'd, or being caſt on the Shoar, were reviv'd by the Sun, and flew abour and deſtroyed all the Vineyards and Trees. They eat the Leaves, and even the Bark of the Vines where they alighted. After two Months fruitleſs management of them ſo, the Ecclefiafticks took them in hand by Penances, with Swords tied to their Arms, voluntary Whippings, &c. by Excommunications by Bell, Book and Candle, by ſprinkling with Holy-Water, Proceſſions and Crof- ſes; amongſt the reſt one voluntary Penance was rolling round the Hands and Arms, Feet, Legs, and Body with hard Ropes; but all would not do, the Locuſts ftaid there four Months ; (x) Cattle Ixxxii The Introduction. Cattle eat them and died, and ſo did ſeveral Men, and others ſtruck out in Botches. The other Canary Iſlands were ſo troubled alſo, they were forced to bury their Proviſions for fear of being obligʻd to relieve their common Neceſſity with what was to produce for their own Families. They were troubled forty Years before with the like Plague. A very credible Perſon, on the Agreement of the Aſiento or Spaniſh Weſt-India Company, with the Merchants callid Grillo's of Genoa, and of them with the Royal African Company, went to Cartagena, in a Spaniſh Ship, with Five hundred Negroes, he was ſent from thence to Porto Bello, where they could not get Liberty to go on Shoar, but received their Money and good Entertainments in their Ship. They return'd to Cartagena, where buying Spaniſh Habits, they went about the Town. It is, as he told me, twice as big as Port-Royal, ſtands almoſt encompaſs’d by the Sea, is wall’d with Stone, and has ſeveral Forts or Caſtles in it. Its Houſes are built of Stone or Brick two Stories high, with Balconies and Roofs jerting over them. Things here are cwice as cheap as at Porto- Bello, becauſe of the vent of Commodities from this laſt place to Panama. When the Engliſh, under the Command of Sir Henry Morgan, came from Porto Bello, and Panama, (which places they had taken ) after certain contagious Fevers, they, for the moſt part, fell into the Yellow-Jaundice, grew worſe and died of it, after languiſhing a great while in the greateſt Degree of it, which is commonly call'd che Black-Jaundice. They look'd with the Jaundice like Indians, and were, when remediable, chiefly cured by the Infuſion of Gooſe- Dung. A Sea- man related that he waſhing his blue Jacket on the Fore- caſtle, coming hither, the Ship having freſh way he loft it, but two Days after, having been becalm’d, they took a Shark, and found in his Belly the blue Jacket, not otherwiſe alter'd than by the holes of his Teeth in chawing. Several Perſons who uſed the Logwood Trade, or who were im- ploy’d in cutting that Wood, otherwiſe callid Campeche-Wood, uſed by Dyers, inform’d me, that at about fifteen Leagues from the Town of Campeche, are two Creeks, the Eaſtern and Northern, in which laſt they cut Logwood. This is calld the Logwood-River, the Inhabitants live in Huts on each ſide of this narrow Creek, near Two hundred Engliſh, and are ready on the appearance of any Ene my to hinder their landing by firing on them on cach fide, every The Introduction. lxxxiii one having his Firelock and other Arms ready. It is a knotted crooked Wood, growing in Marſhes, three or four together up the two Creeks, or Lagunas, about eight Leagues from where che ſhip- ping Rides; it is very hard, and bears a ſmall Leaf like a Heart. They Saw it down, then cut pieces of it of about four or five Foot long, then cleave it. It is of a dark or purple, near a black colour. The Engliſh, who have lived there many years, Cut and Sell it to the Sloops for about Three Pound per Tun, for which the Sloops bring them Cloathing, Victuals, Rum, Sugar, &c. The Sloops carry this Wood, and ſell it at Port-Royal for about Six Pound per Tun; the half of the Profit going to the Maſter of the Sloop. When any of the Engliſh at Campeche reſolve to come away, they having got Logwood, it may be Thirty or Forty Tun, they embark it and themſelves in a Sloop for Jamaica, where the half Profits go to themſelves, and the half to the Maſter, otherwiſe they ſend it, and paying the Fraight, viz, the half Profits, their Money is return'd them. The Indians of this place us’d formerly to Trade with them, but the Engliſh nor keeping ther Faith, but taking and Jelling them, they are retired up into the Country ſeveral Leagues. There are on an Iſland near this, wild Cows and Bulls in abun- dance ; there are allo wild Deer near this River. The Spaniards who are offended at this ſettlement equipp'd ſome Periaguas and Hulks againſt them; but before they were ready they were burite by the Engliſh, ſince they only lie out at Sea off this place cruiſing on their Sloops and Merchant Men. The Engliſh have a place ſtronger than their Huts for their Proviſion, and when a Strength much greater than theirs comes againſt them, they retire to the Woods. They have been cut off ſeveral times by the Spaniards in this place, and yet have ſettled here again. This uſage of the Spaniards is ſomewhat harſh, if what Sir Henry Morgan has often told me be true, that this Logwood River was in the Poſſeſſion of the Engliſh at the time of the Treaties being ſign’d at Madrid con- cerning the Weſt-Indies. The Ships lie Eight Leagues from the cutting place, and the Wood is carried to them by Long Boats and Sloops. ni mi bine و 1 was told that the Pearl-Fiſhing of the Spaniards at Margarita was fail'd, but that there was a fiſhing at Rio de la Hacha noc far of. The Indians Dive and bring up the Pearl-Oiſters, they dare not take any Rake or Iron to Drudge them up, for fear of deſtroying the young breed, under pain of High Treaſon; the biggeſt lies in deepeſt water, they Dive on the Banks in Nine Fathom water. The Indians String the firm part of the Oilters on Lines, and dry them againſt a Wall, and when they are dry and tranſparent, they are eaten 1xxxiv The Introduction. eaten by the Spaniards. The Pearls are ſold by the Indians to the Spaniards by the Shell full. They are dark more or leſs, and are not of fo clear a colour as the Oriental Pearls are. When the Ina dians find very large Pearls, they keep and hide them till they find a better Merchant, which are often others than the Spaniards. This Pearl fiſhery was farmed of the Spaniards by Engliſh Merchants of Jamaica when I was there. News England Horſes are frequently brought to Jamaica, they are bought for Five Pound apiece in New England, and kept by the way on Bran, they uſually are ſold in Jamaica at Fifteen Pounds, they are rougher than the Horſes in the Iſland uſually Pace, and loſe their Hair at firſt coming. The Inhabitants of New England Pickle Pork and Beef either dry or wet, the firſt is done in bad Cask, the other in good Cask, and is much the better, the firſt proving ordinarily ruſty. Fiſh preſerv’d and curd, both dry and wet, come from thence. One half Barrel of Iriſh Pork is worth about Twenty two Shil- lings, and a Barrel of Beef as much, which is in Proviſion, to be diſtributed for the ſupport of Servants and Slaves, reckoned equiva. lent to it. Salt wet Mackerel comes from New England, and is much uſed in this Iſland for the ſupport of Slaves and Servants. The true way of fatting Cattle, as I was inform’d by the Graſiers of Jamaica, is by bleeding them in the Jugular Vein (which will ftop of its ſelf) and then purging them with Aloe or Sempervive Leaves clear’d of their outward Skins, and thruſt down by Gobbers till a whole Leaf is ſwallowed. The ſame has been effectual in a Man, in reſtoring the tone of his Stomach loft by drinking It purges Cattle and Men of Worms, and may make them fat that way. The leſs Nouriſhment the Graſs affords, the greater the Paunch of the Beaſt feeding on it, ſo that the Bellies of Cattle are ſo large in dry times in hot Countries, as if they were big with young On Hiſpaniola, at Samana are many French Hunters. They go out Twelve in a Company, for fear of the Spaniards. The Hogs they take have ſometimes Stones in their Bladders ; one of theſe Stones I had brought me thence was long, of divers Tunicles, the outward white, thoſe within it reddiſh, and ſmelling very ſtrong of Urine. I had two others bigger than any Peaſe, round, and ſet about with protuberant Prickles they were taken out of the Urethra of Hogs: They were ſhining and Cryſtalline, and exactly reſembled those taken out of Human Bodies. AC The Introduction. LXXXV At Samana the French ſetled ſeveral Families, who were cut off by the Spaniards, of a Town called Iſabella, of three or four hurdred Inhabitants. They have Horſes and Mules in the Savannas about it. The Engliſh at Jamaica buy moſt of their Mules from the Spaniards. It is not far from Porto Plata where the Spaniards are alſo ſettled. The Manati Stones are brought from thence, and taken from be- hind the Ears of that Animal, each Ear having one. One Doctor Fritz, a German Chirurgeon and Chymiſt, who had been in the South-Seas with Captain Townley, told me he had ſeen of the Caſcarilla- Trees, or thoſe on which grows the Peru or Jeſuits Bark: that they grow near the Sea fide and are very large Trees; that they cut a piece of the Bark round the Trunk of the Tree near the ground; that a while after the Bark withers on the whole Tree, and falls off ; that they had taken a Ship named the Caſcarilla, and had thrown moſt of that Bark, her loading, into the Sea, to make room for Proviſions. That the Leaves generally found in the Bags of the Bark, was of that Tree, and Plenty of the Trees is to be met with in the South- Sea. A Briſtol Ship, coming towards Jamaica, ſtruck on a Rock two Miles from without the Town of Port-Royal, but this Ship when lighted of the Goods was got off again. This is very ordinary, for the Rocks and Shoals being here about covered with Coral and Co- ralline Subſtances, the Ships coming upon them, are not often pierc'd nor bulg'd, but bruiſe theſe Coralline Subſtances to Sand, and very often get off again without much damage. Captain Groves told me he had left a while ago on the Iſland of Tobago, ſeventy Curlanders in a Fort on that Ifland, that their Food was European Bread, which they had provided for ſeveral Months, wild Hogs, Hogs with their Navels on their Backs, Armadillos an excellent food, and Racoons, with very great plenty of Fiſh. Their Trade was as yet chiefly cutting of very large Maſtick, Cedar and o- ther Trees for Timber, to be ſent to the Iſland of Barbados, with which by Licence from the King, they might Trade. This Iſland is, I think, held by the Curlanders of the Crown of England. They have there a ſort of Pleaſant, very good Meat. 6. He told me that having been often in the Mediterranean, at certain Seaſons ſome ſort of wild Pigeons were ſo plentiful on the Ille of Zante, as the Inhabitants ſold them for half pence apiece, that they came from Egypt, and that on the Iſland Caprea, near Naples Quails are ſold at a certain Seaſon at the ſame rate. Pigeons are ac Jamaica very plentiful at lome Seaſons. Ground-Doves are ſold for a Bitt, or Real a Dozen. They are taken with Clavannes, and wild (y) Cafada Ixxxvi The Introduction. Caſſada Seeds for Bair. The Cane- Rats are numerous, of a gray co- lour, cheap, large, and very good Victuals. to bus barato ad I was inform’d thar Sarſaparilla is very frequent and cheap up Rio San Pedro, in the Bay of Honduras, where are ſeveral Indian Towns. There is brought into Jamaica great Quantities of Sarſaparilla, by Trade with the Bay of Honduras, New Spain and Peru. It grows in all theſe places on the Banks of the Rivers, and in moiſt Grounds : The Spaniards think it makes the Water of thoſe Rivers, where it grows wholeſome. It is a ſort of Smilax aſpera, and comes very near to that common in Spain, France and Italy, though it differ from it. It is alſo very near akin to China, the Strings or Sarments of the Roots of Sarſaparilla, taking their Original from a knobby Tuberous Root, like that of China, and going very deep into the Ground. It is mo- derately warm, uſed to promote an eafie Sweat, and open Obftru- ctions. There is an Account and Figure of it publiſhed in a Book printed at Mexico in the year 1570. in Latin written by Franciſcus Bravus, a Phyſician, who lived there, whither I refer the Curious. 10 do I went from Port-Royal in a Boat to Houſe Key and Gun-Key, or Cayo, fo called from the Tryal of Guns from the Fort; they ſhoot- ing thence at a Cask ſet up here. They were defended by Coral and Aftroites Rocks to the South, and were very ſmall Iſlands, with ſome few Buſhes on them. Such places are called by the Spaniards Cayos, whence by corruption comes the Engliſh word Keys, uſed to ſignifie ſuch places in thoſe parts. burim bn A Maſter of a Veſſel from Barbados, bound to ſeek a new Wreck, came into Jamaica, and told me he had been in Crab Illand near Porto Rico, ſo called by our Seamen, from the great number of Land- Crabs on it: in the Charts 'tis named Borrinquem. A little before his being there, two Ships a ppear'd before the Iſland with Engliſh Colours, but coming nearer put our Spaniſh Colours, and ſent five Engliſhmen on Shore with a Flag of Truce, who enticed the Commander in Chief on board the Ship. When there they forc'd him to write on Shore for the inhabitants he had left, to tell them of his civil Treatment, who all went on board likewiſe, and were carried to Santo Domingo Priſo- ners; they were reported to be one hundred and fifty in alī, Men, Women, and ſome few Negros. They burnt all the Houſes, which were of Timber. A Negro lying in the Woods, made his eſcape to the North ſide of that Iſand, and embarq'd in a Sloop which lay there for the Windward Iſlands, where he gave this Relation; the like eſcape had five other white Men in a Sloop, that lay in another place, where they were cutting Timber to carry to the Windward Iſlands. The Inhabitants had been there ſeveral years, and had come from the Leeward Iſlands, chiefly Anguilla, to ſettle Borriquem. Anguilla is ਕ017 rocky The Introduction 1xxxvii rocky and barren, and this fruitful and rich in Soil, and eaſily to be clear’d, and of a very rich Mould, well water'd with Rivers; and Springs to be had for digging a few Feet deep. They had planted Caſſada, Yams, Patatas, Indian Corn, and other Proviſions, with fome few Sugar Canes. Since this the Engliſh have again poſſeſ- fed this Iſland, and I am told have now Captain Sharp, formerly an Engliſh Commander in the South Seas, for their Commander. le The Go- vernor of Anguilla had beat lome Spaniards off with the loſs of ſome of their Men, with the help of only fifty Soldiers, and had defir'd leave of the Governour of the Windward Iſlands to ſettle it again. The Spaniards in this Attempt were thought to have had Bear a Pirat with them, and to be ſent out by the Governour of Santo Domingo, The Spaniards are very barbarous to all Nations in theſe parts where they are ſuperior. They think they have the only right to the Weſt- Indies, and it was a long time ere they would hear of any Treacy with European Nations. This was the firſt riſe of the Privateers, Bu. caniers or Freebooters, who conſiſted of all Nations except Spaniards, from whom they often took great Riches, and as eaſily parted with them to the people of their own Nations. To bodison A Maſter of a Sloop from Anguilla, related to me that this Bear a notorious Engliſh Pirat, under a Spaniſh Commiſſion, had made a deſcent on that Ifland, and barbarouſly handled threeſcore Families of Engliſh which lived in it ſuch treatment is very ordinary in theſe parts of the world where the Inhabitants are not able to defend them- ſelves, and ſmall Iſlands often on this account change Maſters. This Ifland is reckoned amongſt the Caribe or Leeward Ilands, and is under the Government of their Captain General or Governor.roots Some Turclers being at the South Cayos off of Cuba, had been robb’d by a Periagua, ſent by the Governor of Havana ; they were ſtript, and the Spaniards talk'd of putting them all into one Sloop, and burning them in it. The Turtle-fiſhery there, and at the Caymanes were thought by Sir Henry Morgan to be ours by right, ſeeing it could be prov'd by ſeveral at Jamaica, that thoſe were in the Poffefion of the English at the time when the Treaty between Spain and England concerning the Weſt-Indies was ended at Madrid. l. The fame is to be faid of the Turtle-filhing at the Iſland Vaches, off of Hiſpaniola, pre- rended to by the French of the Iſland Tortugas . This Iland Tortugas or Tortue, lies a little off the North-Weſt ſide of Hiſpaniola. It was planted by the French ſome years ago, and from that ſmall Hand chey have ſpread themſelves over a great part of the North-fide of that large land, where they have a Governor ftiled Gouverneur des Cotes de St. Domingue. They have pretended lately to a right to the Ille des Vaches or Afh. asylsnavə 313c road berlengridedator 2 ai olivgeh mpira olmal os alligaks y tejidanatbohli pawiol adas wbo There STREET lxxxviii The Introduction. There is a ſort of Loggerhead Turtle or Tortoiſe at Jamaica, very little differing from the common fort , only in every part leſs, and having the Breſt of a yellowiſh white colour. The Turtle or Tortoiſes come to Caymanes two ſmall Iles Weſt of Jamaica, once a year to lay their Eggs in the Sand, to be hatch'd by the Sun, and at that time the Turtlers take them in great num- bers. At other times they go to the South Cayos off of Cuba ; there to feed on the Sea-Graſs growing under water: wherefore the Turtlers go thither in queſt of them, and it may be four Men in a Sloop may bring in thirty, forty, or fifty Turtles, worth ſeventeen or eighteen Shillings apiece, more or leſs, according to their good- neſs. The Female with Egg is reckoned the beſt . They ſometimes get their Loading in a day, but are uſually fix weeks in making their Voyages. The Turtlers feed on Turtle, Bisket-Bread and Salt. . They catch the Turtle with Nets made of Yam larger than Whip- cord. When they come home to Port-Royal they put them into the Sea, in Fourſquare-Paliſadoed places, where they keep them alive till there be occaſion to kill them, which will be very long ſome- times, though the ſooner they are killed after taking, they are the fatter. The Callepee, or under part of the Breſt or Belly, bak’d, is reckon’d the beſt piece, the Liver and Fat are counted Delicacies, Thoſe who feed much on them ſweat out a yellow Serum, eſpecially under their Armpits. Their Fat is yellow, taſts like Marrow, and gives the skin a yellow Hue or Tincture. 20 Saltertudos, is corruptly called fo, it being, properly ſpeaking, the Iſland Tortuga, near Margarita : 'tis uninhabited, but has ſeveral Salt-Ponds, filled with Salt, reputed very good, it being large grain- ed. 'Tis always to be found there in great quantities, except about July, when the Rains moiſten and diſſolve it. The New England Veſſels carry Lumber and Fiſh to Barbados, and from thence go for this Iſland, and ſtretch it thence again ſtreight home, They carry with them Wheelbarrows, and Bags to load this Salt. It is reckond much better than the Salt of Jamaica commonly fold here, and looks reddiſh, The Governour of Barbados takes Salc Tertudos to be un- der his Dominion, The Bahama Iſlands are fillid with Seals, ſometimes Fiſhers will catch one hundred in a night. They try or melt them, and bring off their Oil for Lamps to theſe Iſlands. There are Iſlands lying North off of Hiſpaniola, where are many Salt-Ponds; but becauſe of the Neighbourhood of the French and Spaniards, they are accounted more dangerous than the other. They are called the Turks Illand, ou The Introduction. lxxxix are A Ship came into Jamaica from Carolina with Beef and Pork. A curious Perſon on board related to me, that that Country abounds in every thing for Food. That they chiefly plant Indian-Corn. That he had travelld from Palatzo or the Apalathean Mountains, to St. Au- guſtin in the Spaniſh Dominions, and that the whole Country was level, moft ſandy and barren, except about five Miles extent near the Rivers, where it was planted with Indian-Corn, and ſome Wheat for the Prieſts. That the Fort of St. Auguſtin had Twenty four Guns in it, and that the Indians paid yearly to the Spaniards a piece of Eight a Head Tribute Money. That in Carolina Pines and Walnuts were the commoneſt Trees, with ſome Oaks bearing Acorns, on which the Swine feed, as well as on ſome other wild Fruits abroad, and on Indian Corn within. He ſaid, Fevers and Agues were there common and mortal. That he had come through the Bahama- Iſlands, and ſtretch'd it between Cuba and Hiſpaniola, and ſo came to Port-Royal. The Duke of Albemarle once ſhew'd me a very rich piece of Silver Oar which his Father had ſent him from the Apalathean Mountains on the Confines of Carolina. I got One from Tortuga and Petit-Guava, told me that at this laſt place the French have about Thirty Inhabitants keeping always good Guard for fear of the Spaniards. They have no Sugar-Works, but Indico. Tobacco and Hides were their chief Commodities, the laſt they get by hunting; but chat freſh wild Beef is ſcarce, for they mult go a great way from their Habitations to find it, and that in Companies . That Petit-Guaves is in the middle way between the Iſles de Vacas and Tortuga, gdb hasard ag yov pris Fada dorill DOT OM olor sirotica i 25 abrow mort 3 rogmy zaleli oy smolens and om olis yrs 3M A o to vsil Dias eleid m od bun lliw olqot bolyam SA Tino itbol on jo bodoMob basis valdo puno cabineta ni solis Walan nwoven vorisla yov ad o odvolgo qon mi da bag en diw si jon borildsidy sila doul bna ou besar 300 gotaqoz be made i odbad bello pady jsme bani blode polifoso algos9 01 sqqed Morgans daden 32 Agoms 20 yanvar gode poltovou bid adinera of soggio 990 (2) Wh biolo oluoda spalnico to one pardos ជល់ម and on sidson w alow RTCA XC The Introduction. 109 on 1998 diw ou moi sin otros cid2 A Of the Diſeaſes I obſerved in Jamaica, and the Method by which I uſed to Cure them.id ytəpə ni ako ou slod work and by anonimo died so wil za Efore I conclude this Introduction, I think it neceſſary to give B. an Account of the Diſeaſes of Jamaica, and how I endeavour'd to relieve them. This may be uſeful to ſome, and I am ſure would have been to me, had I been ſo fortunate before my going thither, as to have met with any ſuch Obſervations. I was told that the Diſeaſes of this place were all different from what they are in Europe, and to be created in a differing Method. This made me very uneaſie, left by ignorance I ſhould kill inſtead of curing, and put me on trying with the utmuft caution the Remedies and Methods I had known effectual in Europe, which in a very little time, I found to have great ſucceſs on the Diſeaſes there. My Medicines had the better operation, be- cauſe people had a belief I could help them, and ſubmitted to the taking Remedies in the order they were preſcribed withouc changing the Medicines, altering the Method, or judging harſhly in cale che Perſon died. Indeed, at firſt, the Inhabitants would ſcarce truſt me in the management of the leaſt Diftemper, till their obſervation of the good effects the European method had in the Duke of Albemarle's numerous Family, in the ſame Diſeaſes, brought them to make trial of what I could do with ſome of the meaner ſort, accounted in de- ſperate Conditions. I ſhall give ſome of theſe Obſervations boch in the Voyage thither, and during my abode there, in as few words as I can, chiefly relating Macters of Fact, whereby, aba- ting ſome very few Diſeaſes, Symptoms, c. from the diver- fity of the Air, Meat, Drink, &c. any Perſon who has ſeen many fick People, will find the ſame Diſeaſes here as in Europe, and the fame Method of Cure. For this reaſon I have For this reaſon I have put down ſome very ordinary Obſervations and Methods, that this matter may be very plain. For my own part I never ſaw a Diſeaſe in Jamaica, which I had not met with in Europe, and that in People who never had been in either Indies, excepting one or two ; and ſuch Inſtances happen to People practiſing Phyfick in England, or any where elſe, that they may meet, amongſt great numbers, with a ſingular Dil- eaſe, that they had never ſeen before, nor perhaps meet after with a parallel inſtance Öf a Choles want of Captain Nowel aged about forty, Cholerick, who had drunk very ta Morbus, hard, and was very thin of Fleſh, ſent to me, he was ill of a Chen lera Morbus, Vomiting, and going often to Stool. I found him Appetite, weak, not able to bear any farther Evacuation, I gave him there- fore The Introduction xci tian. fore about 15 Drops of Laud. Liquid. Cydoniat. in a convenient Vehicle. His Vomiting being ſtop'd, I gave him for his Looſnefs to 10 the Deco&t. alb. for his ordinary Drink, and order'd him Rice Milk, and Milk-Meats for his Food, which, with the help of the Land. repeated, ſoon cur'd him of that Indiſpoſition. He continuing to drink hard, weakned his Stomach, ſo that he vomited almoſt every Morning, loft his Appetite, and complain’d of a great pain in his Breaſt under the Sternum, which I gheſs’d to be ſome ſmall Inflammation in the Mediaftinum, or other Membranes of the Tho- rax. I try'd by bitter Wine, and other Stomachics, to rectifie the Stomach ; by Milk-Diet, Diet-Drinks, Steel Courſe, and Bleeding to Cure the latter, but withour ſucceſs, the Reaſon I gheſs was his drink- ing Drams in the morning, chiefly Brandy and Sugar. He reduc'd by theſe means, his Stomach to that weakneſs, that at laſt, lince I came from Jamaica I have been told he could keep nothing cherein but the Milk of a Negro Woman he fuck’d. 1999 not LED Mr. Rhadiſh was feiz’d with a Tertian Ague at Plimouth, and cur’d Of a Tera by the Cortex Peruv. given as uſually, without any return. Mr. Mark Collet, in the thirtieth year of his Age, at the ſame place and time, was ſeiz’d after the ſame manner, only there was very little Intermiſſion, and he was delirous for ſeveral hours. Upon the of an in- taking of this Bark given by the Ship-Doctor, by my Directions, termitting he was perfectly cur’d. He had before my ſeeing him, taken in vain abundance of Juleps and Cordials, been Blifter’d, Bled, &c. intermiffi- It was a while before I, who was generally in another Ship, could on, Deliria, find out the Intermiſſion, the Fever being ſcarce ever off, In February 1688. he was taken in Jamaica after the very fame manner again, I had him Bled and Bliſter'd, he being delirous. I gave him, for his cold Sweats and weak Pulſe, about ten Drops of Spirit of Hartſhorn every four or five hours, and after a full diſco- very of the Intermiſſion, I cur'd him with the Cortex. blood Mr. Anthony Gamble, aged about Forty five, a Cook, given to Drink, had, fome years before I ſaw him, in an Engagement with fome Turkiſh Ships, a great part of the Fleſh of his right Hypochon- dre ſhot away with a Cannon Buller. He fell into very great pains in his Belly, which was bound. I gave him ſome Extra&tum Rudii, to loofen his Belly, which not ſucceeding he had Gliſters, Suppofitories, Decoctions, Bolus's of Ther. Venet. Draughts with ſome Drops of liquid Laud. in proper Vehicles, Juniper, and other Cordial Waters, outward Fomentations, and Bags Emollient and Anodyne of all ſorts contriv'd to procure a Scool, as well as eaſe the Pain, bur the Dif- eaſe was too violent to yield to any of thoſe Medicines, before leveral Fever, with little c. xcii The Introduction. Ofa Colick. - 10 ſeveral days of intolerable Pain were over, when by an eaſy ordi- nary Gliſter he was relieved, and eſcaped that time. Drinking very hard, ſome time after, he fell into the Hemorrhoids with intolerable pain, and at the ſame time had a Flux and Fever, the Flux being a Cri- ſis of the latter. He ſent for a Chirurgeon, who gave him at night, as I ſuppoſe, a Bolus of ſome Opiat Medicines, which ſtop'd the Loofenels, but increas'd the Fever to that extremity, that he was in great danger. I, on all theſe accounts, order'd him to be Bled to ten Ounces, gave him cooling Juleps, and directed the Anus or Hemorrhoids to be eaſily anointed with Ung. Comitiſ and Popul . In ſome time he recover'd by degrees his former ſtate of Health, buc was very often ſubject to violent Colicks, which I judgʻd might be occaſion'd by ſome part of the Guts adhering to the Cicatrix of the great Wound in his Hypochondre, and by that means occaſioning Lome ſmall ſtop or obſtructions to the paſſage of the Excrements in that place, as it happens, for another Reaſon, to thoſe troubl'd with Ruptures; but in ſome cime ( which was requiſite for the Guts to do their Office, the Excrements to be moiſtned, and paſs this ſtop) it uſually went off. He was very much troubld with the Hemor- rhoids, and inflam'd lwellid Eyes, the firſt I cur’d with Bleeding, and the Ointments before mention'd, the latter with Bleeding, Purging and of the Dileaſe. il Sininho was A Seaman, aged about Forty, had a quick Feveriſh Pulſe, eſpe ſumption cially towards the Evening; a very troubleſome Cough, which had or Hectic. been his Companion for lome Months. I order'd him to take ſome Pectoral Medicines, and at night an Anodyne Draught, by which he found ſome eaſe. I chang’d, after a while, his Medicines, and gave him Locatelli's Balſam ; but he grew weary, and went to change the Air. He came, in about nine Months after, to me, very much emaciated, with his former complaints, only in every reſpect worſe, with a great Looſeneſs, for which I gave him every Evening about oj. of Ther. Ven. with gr. j. Laud. Lond. which ſtop'd his Looſeneſs and other Symptoms. I know not what became of him afterwards, he not coming near me, but by the common courſe of ſuch Di- ſtempers, 'cis likely he died ſoon after. aqida કરો allus non One Saturday evening, when we were in hot Weather, a Hog be- ing killd, and the Blood fav’d(to make Puddings)cill Monday morning, they prov'd very hurtful, for although ſome, who had eat of them, complain'd not, yet ſeveral others were taken violently ill ; ſome Vomiting with great pain, and others Vomiting and going to Stool with great Anxieties. Being called, and asking if they had eaten or drunk any thing to occaſion ſuch great diſorders, I concluded the Puddings, Of a Con- The Introduction. хсні made ha- boola Puddings to be the Cauſe, and whereas 'twas advisd to ſtop the Vo. Of ſeveral miting, I thought it moſt proper to forward it ; for that it ſeemd People fick to be the readieſt and eaſieſt way to follow the motion of Na. Hogs- ture, and to diſcharge the Cauſe, eſpecially conſidering the Puddings Puddings were ſcarce yet out of the Stomach. I therefore gave ſmall Beer of which and warm Water with a little Infuſ. Croc. Metall . and help'd them they were up, and after a fufficient Evacuation, gave ſome Cordial Draughts ving been of Conf. Alkermes, Cinamon water, and Syr. Caryophyll ; and all che kept too perſons were in a little time very well. The beſt way of managing long- . moſt Perſons Poiſon'd or Surfeited, is by Vomits, if, the matter les main in the Stomach ; Purging if it be in the Guts, and Diluting, Hardto aid dogodi ad es al One --- who had had a Gonorrhea often, and a pretty while bed fore he complain’d, had many Symptoms of the Pox, which threat- ned his Life, or at leaſt the preſent flatting of his Noſe. The queſtion was whether being at Sea he might be flux’d, I told them I law no- thing to hinder it in ſuch an urgent Caſe, and therefore advis done, Ensiglio who pretended to underſtand Salivation well, to do it by Unction, as the lureſt way to Root out the Diſtemper . He puc him into a Of a Sali very cloſe Cabbin, anointed him, and the Flux roſe very well, and manag’d. the Symptoms ceas’d: I concluded all would go on as uſually they do in ſuch caſes, and gave the perſon who had the care of him neral Directions how to behave himſelf. But it prov’d otherwiſe, for - he was ignorant of the Method of treating in a Salivation, ſpar'd his Medicines, ſubſtituted others in the Places of thoſe I order'd, al- ledging amongſt his Comrades, he knew better. He likewiſe kept his Cabbin too hot, as well by burning two Candles always there, and never ſuffering a vent to the Steams, as by giving a great many Cordials , or hor Sudorifics. By theſe ſeveral means unknown to now 10 me, he inverted the Courſe of Nature, and threw what ought to-to nom have come by Spitting, through the Pores of the Skin, wherefore I lsuselt in about Fourteen days his Spittle thickned, the Serum being thrown out another way, and he was choak'd and died, notwithſtanding what could be done for himsel OD A Gentleman, aged about Forty, of a Sanguine Complexion, much given to Drinking and Venery, fell ill of the Gout, for which he following fome Emperics Advice, plaiſter'd all his affected Joints of the with Tar, whereby in ſome time he fell into a Quinfie, there be- bad effe&s ing a tranſlation of the Matter from the Joints to the Throar. I of tampen had him immediately Bled to a good quantity, for fear of Suf- deavour- focation, and gave him a Doſe or two of Extr. Rud. which ing to cure working well, he was freed of his ſore Throat. He, afterwards, by the uſe of Bitter-Wine, and Elixir Proprietatis, recover’d his Appetite, but drinking ſeveral months afterwards to a great ex- (aa) OM 2900 the Gous. cels xciv The Introduction. Hair 579 ceſs in Syder and Punch, he was taken after a ſhivering Fit and Fever, with pains in his Side, for which he was Bled, and thereby reliev'd. The Gout coming again, he could not be perſuaded, or kept from tampering it with Cows Dung and Vinegar fried, and applied as a Poulteſs; the Cows Dung I thought might be an innocent Ano- dyne ; but the Vinegar as being a diffolver and thinner of the Blood, nord I oppos’d. On the uſe of it he fell into a Looſneſs, and fome- Gost times Vomiting, which continued, notwithſtanding the Decoét. Alb. eaſie Opiates, and whatever I could think of, till he died. His Sto. mach was always out of order, becauſe of his exceſſive drinking, eſpecially Brandy and Sugar, by way of Dram in a morning, to ſettle, as he thought, his Stomach. Blood. Colonel Walker, aged about Forty five, Plethoric; upon drink- ing, uſed always to be troubled with Rheumatick and Gouty pains Of ſpitting through all his Joints, after an exceſſive manner, of which by bleeding he was ſtill reliev'd, though ſometimes he was forc'd to to fly to Opiats. Once he fell inſtead of his pains, into a ſpiccing of Hii noi Blood, which came up in large quantities without pain. Going be to the Paliſados in a hot day to drink Milk, he ſpit or vomited up half a pint, for which he was Bled, and took an Opiat a night, with other Aftringents. I advis'd repearing of the Bleeding, concis nuing in the uſe of Opiats, great Quier, Iflues in the Shoulders, oc. with which, Rice Milk, and other cooling, thickning, &c. Me- dicines for the Blood, he was perfectly cur’d. Upon his return to England, he fell into a Relapſe, with the ſame Symptoms, and I have heard died Conſumptive. ver. Of a con- Mr. Rayney, of about Seventeen years, fell into a Fever, from mon con- which he was freed by bleeding, cooling Juleps of Barley.water with Syrup of Lemons, and other things of that kind, trong 8 When we came into hot Weather, it was a very ordinary com- plaint in every ones Mouch, that they were ſo troubld with an itch from ſmall red Puſtles or Wheals, that they knew not what to do Of the ef- to be eaſie . They came out uſually on the Back, along the Spine, though ſometimes they cover'd the whole Body. I told them I hot Wear, thought this Diſtemper was the greateſt advantage they could have, Body by it being a great Purger of the Blood from hot and ſharp parts, and bringing therefore was ſo far from complying with their deſires of curing them, out Puſtles. that I uſually gave ſomething to forward the eruptions, as Flos Sulpha or ſome other innocent Diaphoretick; but if their impatience was to be complied with, Bleeding, and Purging after it, was an infal- lible Remedy. I concluded the alteration of the Climate was the occaſion fects of on the The Introduction. XCV occaſion of this Diſeaſe, by putting the Blood into a brisker motion, and perhaps putting into it ſome fiery Particles Nature threw out this way. I was not much troubled with this, but in lieu of it had ſmall Carbuncle came out on my right Wriſt, Afterwards at Jamaica in hot Weather, the fame Diſeaſe was more troubleſom to us New.comers, and even ſometimes, though rarely to thoſe had been a long time acquainted with the Climate, my Anſwers to ſuch Complainants and Remedies were the ſame. Something more will be ſaid of this hereafter. Mr. B. aged about Forty, of a Sanguine Complexion, and Pletho- rick, at coming aſhore on Port-Royal, fell into a Fever, he had Of a Fever an high quick Pulſe, an inclination to Vomit, and uneaſineſs all weaknels over. I ordered him to be Bled, gave him the next morning a and drouth Vomit of 3 vi. of Vin. Emet. with half an Ounce of Oxym Squill . which with the help of Watergruel wroughe very well, buc remov'd nor his indiſpoſition. He was forbid the taſting any Wine or Fleſh, and whereas about Twelve a Clock at night he uſually had a large Stool or two, about Ten at night I ordered him to take about Ten gr. of Extr. Rud. thereby to forward that motion of Nature, by endeavouring to help to throw out the Morbifick Matter by Stool, which it accordingly did, and clear’d him of his Diſeaſe. He afterwards grew very faint and weary, and for that finding re- lief in drinking Madera-Wine and water for the preſent, he made uſe of it too often, whereby he became uſually, the more he drank, the more dry, ſo that after a ſmall time he was neceſſitated to drink a- gain. By the Air without, and the Wine within, his Spirits and Moiſture were exhauſted. Once or twice in the evening and night he was a little incoherent in his Diſcourſe, wherefore I immediately had him Bled, and gave him a Vomit, and in a while , he keeping an orderly Diet, was well. This Gentleman, after his arrival in England, fell into a Fever, in the latter end of which he voided ſe- veral Pints of Blood, and ſoon after died. I was ſent for at St. Jago de la Vega, to a Child of Collonel Ful- lers. It was a Boy about twelve years of Age, had been in a Fe- ver for ſome time, and was then in Convulſions, cold Sweats, &c. his Pulſe quick and low. I advis’d he ſhould be Cupt, with Scari-Of a Fever fication in the Shoulders, taking away ſome Blood. He had Cor- with Con- dials with Confe&t. Alkerm. aq. Cinamom. Syr. Caryophill . &c. and Bliſters with Sp. C. C. and Ol. ſuccin, ſome Drops of which laſt were inwardly given him, but in ſome hours, his weakneſs in- creaſing, he died. vulfionis. хсvi The Introduction. Fits. His Mother falling into violent Hyſterick Firs upon his death, I gave ber twenty Drops of Sp. Sal. Armon, and order'd her to ſmell Of Hyſteric to a Bottle, wherein the Volatile Sale of ic was enclos’d. The Sale was impregnated with ſome Particles of Caſtor, with which ic had becen ſublim'd, the Bottle was only half full, that thereby there being Particles ready to iſſue out in plenty, the Senſories might be the more irritated, and the Fits taken off. I ſhall ſay more of this Diſtemper hereafter. Of a very ver. About the month of January 1688. moſt of his Graces Family continual were taken very ill of continual Fevers, one after another being violent Fe- ſeiz’d, till it went round the whole Houſe, ſome very few only ex- cepred. It uſually invaded them without any apparent Caule. I had it my ſelf, and could not aſſign any cauſe, it not being a little uncover'd in the night by the Sheets falling off. The Symptoms were a great pain in the Head, and Back about the Loins, a Reaching to Vomit to no parpoſe, a very great pain in the Limbs, and all over the Body, as in a Rheumatiſm, which ſeem'd to be from the violent heat and boiling of the Blood in the Veſſels and Membranes. It uſually ended in twelve or eighteen hours, and the Remedies I us'd were theſe. If call'd at firſt ſeizure, I immediately order'd bleeding Ex Vena maxime tumida, to ten or twelve Ounces, and if there was an in- clination to Vomit, I gave them Infuſ. Croc. Metal. with Oxym Scill. according to their ſtrength, and theſe two Remedies timely given, would check it preſently in the very bud, the Vomit working ulually well, and the bleeding giving immediate eaſe. If it had been on them ſome time, then it was neceſſary to cool very much with Barley-water and Syr. of Lemons for their ordinary Drink, forbid- ding the uſe of Wine and Flelh, or Broath in any degree, and in caſe of any Symptom of a Delirium, bliſtering the Neck, Arms, and Ankles, and to remedy cold Sweats (very familiar here) 'twas now and then neceſſary to give ſome Drops of Sp. C.C. in any porulent Li- quor. By this Regimen I thank God none committed to my care miſcarried, but thoſe who would not obſerve Rules, or were treated after another manner, uſually were in danger, as you may fee by the two following Inſtances. Mr. Lane, aged Twenty five, or thereabouts, being feizd, and the Fever running high, he being Plethorick and hor, was Bled Of one in and Bliſtered, oc, and by this Courſe his Fever was abated, and great dan- almoſt at an end. About eighteen hours after, coming to him er from I found him very much diſorder'd, and almoſt as bad as at the be- Wine in a ginning, wherefore having repeated my Orders about him to his Fever Nurie, he yet very hardly eſcap'd. He afterwards told me the Reas ſon of his Relapſe, which was his privately drinking White Madera Wine contrary to direction. One The Introduction, xcvii ver made much Cloaths, One Richard, a white Servant, belonging to Colonel Ballard, a- bout thirty years of age, was taken with this before mentioned 20 Epidemic Fever. After he had been treated with Bolus's of Diaſcor. Of a Fe dium, and Cordials to Swear him, he grew worſe and worſe. I found him at Twelve a Clock at night in a vaft Agony, as every worfe by one thought a dying. He had a mighty oppreſſion and anxiety on over-heat- him, a very great difficulty in breathing, and could ſcarce ſpeak. I Medicines told them i believ'd this Diſeaſe was partly forc'd, and therefore and took off his ſuperfluous clothing, ſer by the Cordials (as they calld them) and ſent him a Bottle or two of cooling Julep made of Aqua Font. (which I uſe, in Bills to Apothecaries, to call very juſtly Aqua Cordialis frigida) acidulated with Ol . Vitriol . and ſweetned with Syr. Caryophyll . I deſired him to drink plentifully of this , and in two or three days time, without any other conſiderable Remedy, he was well. Though I did not my ſelf ſee any dye of this Fever, yer I heard with hot treatment ſome perſons died. Moſt part of people who had been troubled with this Fever, fell afterwards into very great weakneſs, fo that although this Diſeaſe, of great with good management,laſted not paft twelve or eighteen hours , yet Followed their weakneſs was as great as if they had been under a Diſtem per this Fever. for ſeveral months. This was, I think, peculiar to this Fever, though at firſt I ſuſpected it was to all Diſeaſes here, by reaſon of the hot Climate, but I found all other Diſeaſes accompanied with the ſame Symptoms as if in Europe, and therefore look on this Symptom as a thing particular to this Fever, and ſuch uncommon Symptoms now and then attend Epidemic Diſeaſes every where. For this the beſt Re- medies were procuring a good Appetite, and a regulation of Diet. gond 10 I know nor whether this laſt very great weakneſs and faintneſs might not come from another Diſtemper, very ordinarily follow'd -ilmo this Fever, which was the Jaundice, for about ſome few days after of the this Fever was over, the Jaundice very often began to fhew its ſelf Jaundice by great ſlothfulneſs. Afterwards the yellow Face and Eyes, as well as thick yellow Urin diſcoverd ic plain. This Diſtemper uſually was cur’d by an eaſie Vomit, or Purgers, firſt gentle of Pil. Ruff. and then ſtronger of Extr. Rud. wich Curcum. Milleped. Saffron, Elixir Proprietaris, Caſtile-Sope, and ſuch other eaſie Medecines given be- [ween Evacuations, though ſometimes 'twas ſo difficult as not to yield to Conrſes of thoſe Medicines taken every day for a Monch to- gether. I remember the Serum was ſo diſcolour'd in ſome, that all the Puſtles rofe on the skin, were filld with an Ichor as yellow as the infuſion of Curcuma or Saffron in water. Perhaps the weak- nefles, hindering people from going about, or Exerciſe, might be in ſome meaſure the occaſion of this Jaundice. bud followed this Fever. (bb) A great xcviii The Introduction. Of the not the XOX A great many were of opinion that this Fever was what is callid the Seaſoning, that is to ſay, chat every New.comer before they be Seaſoning accuſtomed to the Climate and Conſtitution of the Air in Jamaica, Fever was are to have an acute Diſeaſe, which is thought to be very dangerous, and that after this is over, their Bodies are made more fic to live ſeaſoning. there, with leſs hazard than before ; and this is not only thought ſo in that land, but in Guinea, and all over the remote Eaſtern parts of the World. That this Fever was not ſo, is manifeſt in that not only we New.comers were taken with it, but likewiſe many of the ancient Inhabitants of the place, as ſeveral of the Family of Colo- nel Ivy, &c and that a great many of us who were lately arrived, eſcap'd this and all acute diſeaſes whatſoever. If there be any fuch thing as Seaſoning, the Itch or Puſtles formerly mention'd muſt be it, the alteration from cold to hear being by degrees done by the way, and that Symptom appearing on increaſe of the hear. fie in a ve- ry bad tion. Sir H. M. aged about Forty five, Lean, fallow coloured, his Eyes a little yellowiſh, and Belly a little jetting out or prominenr, coni- plained to me of want of Appetit to Victuals, he had a kecking or reaching to Vomit every morning, and generally a ſmall Looſeneſs attending him, and withal was much given to drinking and fitting up late, which I ſuppoſed had been the original cauſe of his preſent Indiſpoſition. I was afraid of a beginning Dropſie , and adviſed him to an eaſie Vomit of Oxymel. Scill. with the help of a Feather, and thin Watergruel, fearing Vin. Emet. might diſorder him too much by putting him into a Looſeneſs, or too great Evacuation. After Ofa Drop- that I gave him ſome Madera-Wine, in which the Roots of Gen- tian, Tops of Centaury, c. had been infuſed, with which Vomit, Conſtitu- ic working eaſily, and the bitter Wine taken every morning for ſome days, he recovered his Stomach, and continued very well for a conſiderable time. Nor being able to abſtain from Company, he ſate up late, drinking too much, whereby he not only had a return of his firſt Symptoms, but complain'd he could not make water freely. His water was thick and very red, and his Legs ſwell’d a little. When theſe Symptoms appeared, Doctor Rofe and I be- ing join'd, we ordered him an Electuary of Caſſia, Oil of Juniper, Cremor. Tart, and other things to purge eaſily che watery Humours, enjoynd Temperance, and deſired the continuance of his former Medicines. This Courſe did very well with him, but making buc very little water, and being much troubled with Belchings, and a Cough in the night, he lent to another Doctor, who, when he came, was of opinion that his Diſeaſe was a Timpany, and that the ſwelling of his Belly came only from wind, according to Hippo- crates, and that he was troubled with neither the beginning of a Droprie, The Introduction. xcix Dropfe, nor had Gravel (which is not unuſual in this caſe, and he ob 10 had been always troubled with) I told him later Obſervations uponding the Diffection of deceaſed Morbid Bodies, had diſcovered the Bellies of People dying of ſuppoſed Timpanies, to be diſtended with water, and no more Wind than what is ſuppoled to be the effect of Phlegm, and Crude Humonrs lying in the Stomac and Guts. I deſir'd him that we ſhould put off talking of the Theory, and come to the Practice, chat perhaps we might very well agree in the Medicines he ſhould cake, as it very often happens to Phylitians, who may diſagree in the Theory, and yet agree in the Practice. I waited on Sir H. and told him Dr. Roſe's and my Opinion, which agreeing, he was ſatiſ- fied therewith. We gave him all manner of Diuretics, and eaſie Purgers we could find in Jamaica, Linſeed and Juniper-Berries infus'do in Rheniſh-Wine, Milleped. ppd. in Powder, Juniper-water, advis'd him to eat Juniper-Berries, us’d Oil of Scorpion, with Ung. Dialth. outwardly, by which means he recovered again. On intemperance he fell into a great Looſeneſs, threatning his Life, which by an Opiat, &c. at night we ſtopt, and he enjoy’d his Health for ſome time longer very well . Falling afterwards into his old Courſe of life, and not taking well any Advice to the contrary, his Belly ſwellid ſo as not to be contained in his Coat, on which I warn d him of his very great danger, becauſe he being very weak, and ſubject to a Looſeneſs, there was no room for purging Medicines, which ſeem'd to be the greateſt Remedies for his Dropſie, threatning his Life, feeing Diureticks did not now produce the deſired Effect. On this alarm he lent for three or four other Phyfitians, who, as I was told, ſaid qora sto he had no Dropſie, becauſe his Legs did not ſwell, the Reaſon of ovsnio which was, becauſe he lay in a Hamac with his Legs up, and us'd very little exerciſe. They adviſed him to a Cataplaſm of Vervain of this Conntry, &c. for his ſwellid Belly, and would have given him a Vomit next morning, but that it was an unlucky day, as in- deed it had in all likelihood been to him, if he had taken it, for he fell naturally by only the Cataplaſm into a very dangerous Looſeneſs, which had almoſt carried him off; ſo the thoughts of this proceeding was put off . He chang'd ſoon his Phyſicians, and had firſt a Black, who gave him Clyfters of Urine, and plaiſter'd him all over with Clay and Water, and by it augmented his Cough. He left his Black Doctor, and ſent for another, who promis d his Cure, but he Janguiſhed, and his Cough augmenting died ſoon after. Mrs Barret, about Forty years of age, of a ſpare Body, fell into a Of a very Tertian, which naturally, or by Medicines, was very violent, there being ſcarce any intermiſſion. Her Tongue was very black; and ſhe delirous for the moſt part. She had by her ſeveral Cordials, bed violent Tertian. as c The Introduction. as Bolus's of Diaſcord, &c. which I ſuppos'd had in part brought online her to this. I told them I hop'd the beſt, and prepar'd her ſome Cortex Peru, with which, and the uſe of cooling diluting Drinks ſhe entirely recover’d, although ſhe was by every Body thought to be in a deſperate condition. a Child. of a Le- Mr. Fletcher's Child, about a year and an half old, was taken thargy in with a ſleepy Diſeaſe. It lay with the Eyes always ſhut, and aſleep. I advis’d the Mother to give it a little Manna immediately, and to Bliſter its Neck, which being done, and the Phyſick working well, the Child recovered entirely its Health. up Of a Le- One R. a Tavern-keeper's Wife, about Forty years of age, Fat thargy in and Phlegmatic , was upon exceffive drinking of Brandy, taken with a Lethargy, inclining to an apoplectick Fit. She would on ve- sy violent irritations lift up her Eye Lids, but would not ſpeak. I immediately order'd bleeding, bliſtering in the Neck and Armas, gave her wij. of Diagridium in a Glaſs of Water, with ſome Drops of Sp. Sal. Armon. Ordered one to hold to her Noſe the volatile Sale of the ſame in a Bottle, and a Snuff for her of Majorane, Berony, and White Hellebore, which being put to her Noſe, ſhe ſnuft very often. By the help of theſe Medicines the firſt went to Stool in the Bed. Her Bliſters roſe, and then on the uſe of the Snuff the Snees’d. She was plied hard with them two days, then look'd UP more, could ſay a word or two, and call for the Por to make wa- OF Eter. I continued them two days longer, and the grew becter, buc being moroſe would take nothing, and ſhut her Eyes. I told the ftanders by, to frighten her, that I would get a Pan of Coals and burn her with them on the Head, which lo alarm'd her, that ſhe took things, and was well above a year. But then, I ſuppoſe, on the like occaſion, fell into an apoplectick Fit, and being ſent for, before I came ſhe was dead. DO Of a Terti- an in a A little black Boy, of a year and an half old, belonging to Tho. Rowland was taken violently ill of a Tertian. I gave him the Cor. Black Boy. tex prepd. as uſually, which being forc'd down, the little one was well without relapſe. Bhis yo bizimo 100 One Stephen Lego, a Wheel-wright, aged about Forty five, Phleg- matic, fent for me. He was ſitting in a Chair, with his Legs ſwelld like Pofts, on a Scool before him. He could not lie role down, nor ſo much as lean down his Head, for an Orthopnea He had likewiſe a very violent Cough moleſting him at all times. Dropfie. One would have thought he could not have liv'd three hours in Of a The Introduction. ci in that Agony. I order'd him immediately a Linctus made of Syr. de Succo Heder. Terreſtr. Diacodium, Sugar-Candy, and Flor. Sulph. which I bid him lick every now and then, from the Point of a birto Knife. This reliev'd him extremely, ſo that every thing ſeem'd to be better with the continuance of this Medicine. He ſlept lying, his Legs were not ſwelld ſo much, and his Cough gone. I gave him ſome Sp. of Hartſhorn for his Weakneſs, ſome Pill of Extr. Rud, for his ſwellid Legs, and ſome Locatelli's Balſam for his Lungs,de to hinder Putrefaction in them. Theſe Remedies ſucceeded very well, ſo that in a few weeks time he went abroad, riding about the ad vitlog Town every Morning. Having formerly been troubled with Ery.ro ſipelas's on his Legs, the depending Poſture of them in riding brought down an Eryſipelas, which being very painful, and mightily inflam'd, hinder’d him of Sleep, took away his Stomach, and brought to his Legs a great Defluxion of ſerous Humours. The parts affected were bath'd with a Lixivium, in which were boild Wormwood, Role- mary, Thyme, Bay-Leaves, Orange-Leaves, &c. with a Bortle of Wine added to it at the latter end. With this the With this the parts were often bath'd to evaporate the Humours, and hinder a Gangreen; but every thing growing worſe, they ask'd my Opinion whether he would live. I told them, I believ'd he would not live many Days. They od 10 conſulted the Aſtrologers, ( who were much eſteemed in Jamaica) aguona who told them, that if he ſurviv'd the next Day's Noon, the Aſpects od to of the Planets poſitively agreed to ſave his Life. He liv'd three Days after the time, and yet when he died, theſe ſame People ſaid they had by the Stars exactly foretold the Minute of his Death. He had before his Death a Gangrene appear’d in Perinao. One ---, aged about Fifty, came from his Plantation, where he had been under the Care of ſeveral Phyſicians without Relief. He complain'd of a great Pain in his right Hypochonder. Thinking his of a come Liver obſtructed, by reaſon of a Tumour there, I gave him ſuch Diſeaſe of things as uſually avail in ſuch caſes, Hot-Gum-Plaiſters, &c. Find the Drop ing this Courſe did not work the deſired effect, but that he rather fie, Con grew worſe, and that he began to find ſome Difficulty in making and Pox Water, I began to doubt a Caruncle, and the Pox to be the chief of his complicated Diſeaſes, and queſtioning him very hard about that matter, he at length confeſs'd it, and that he had ſeveral times had a Gonorrhoea; whereupon I alter'd my Courſe, and he being ſo very weak as not to endure any manner of Salivation, I gave him ſome Merc. Dulc. with an eafie Medicine to work it off, and ſome things for his Cough and ſwell’d Legs, which had been on him a great while. He fell afterwards into a Flux, which could not be ſtopt by Opiats, nor any other Remedy I could give, and ſo he died. (cc) Mrs. ono cii The Introduction. which was prevented Child mid bisbro VoogA and Mrs. Fletcher had been with Child four or five Months, and had a Of a Wo- man with great pain in her Back and Loins, as if ready to bring forth, with a Child in Flux of Blood, or an appearance of the Menſtrua Purgationes . lim- Milcar-mediately had her Bled for fear of Abortion, enjoyn'd her to keep riage, her Bed, lying very ſtill, with her Heels high, and a Pillow or two under her Loins, and gave her an caſie Hypnotick, viz. about 15 gtt notwith- of Laud. Liq. in a Draught of water, wherein was diffolv'd ſome ſtanding Eleofacch. Cinamomi. With this ſhe reſted well, and by its continuánce gularly her all the Symptoms were quell'd, but ſhe, during all the time of Catemenia. being with Child, had her Menſes as regularly as when well, for all the Medicines and Directions I could give her. She notwith- ſtanding went out her time, and brought forth her Child very well. prord be more and woodpla do mic bobnid According to the notions of ſome Ancient Phyſicians, there was ſome reaſon to be apprehenſive the Child would not be healthy, being defrauded of its Nutriment while in the Belly; yet, contrary to this Opinion, it continu'd as lively and brisk as any, till it was five months old, or thereabouts. It was then emaciated very much, did not ſleep, and was always froward and crying. I found its of the Belly, GC. very well, which is generally ſwelld in Children ema- brought ciated from Knots, or Scrophulous Tumours in their Meſenteries, forth by Being apprehenſive that the Nurſes Milk did not agree with the Child, this Wo. ſhe was chang’d, but notwithſtanding that, and all the innocent Medicines I durſt uſe, the Child languiſh'd more and more, and died. I believe a great cauſe of the variety obſerved in this caſe, may come from the Plethoric, or other Conítitution of the Mo- ther. w moi antido Mr. Byndloſe, aged about Twenty four, was for feveral months fiderable troubled with a great ſpitting, on which he look'd very ill, he did Pryalam Cough, but waſted ſtrangely. I was apprehenſive that this might bring him in time to a Conlumption, and therefore ordered him to o take thrice a day about ſeven Drops of Opebalfamum in Sugar, drink. ing after it a draught of Dier-drink made of Sarſa, China, Saſſafras, raj. C. C. eboris , &c. made with Raiſins bruiſed, to give it a good caft, and made freſh every day, left it ſhould ferment and ſpoil. By theſe Medicines he in a while grew very well. I was doubtful whe- ther this Diftemper might not be an eafie Pryaliſm from fome Mer- curial Medicine taken unknown to me, or perhaps to himſelf, fome Phyſicians being very fond of giving Mercurial Remedies without any urgent caule, in which I think they are to blame, they having an uncertain Operation, and being ſometimes exhibired nor without danger. bas aving blooi bomo za vas 199 One man. Of a con- not ftopt. The Introduction. ciii mad or un- on. One Prince, a luſty Negro, had been ill of the laws (of which Of a Black I ſhall have occaſion to ſay more hereafter) and flux'd for it in one who being of the Chirurgeons Hot-Houſes at Town, where being kept ex- eafie, run tremely hot, and abridg’d of Victuals, he, either being mad, or ex- out of the tremely uneaſie, broke open the Door, and ran home in a very great in the Breeze of Wind. Upon this his Spittle thickn'd, and his ſpitting heighth of ftop'd, it running by Stool, and griping him very much. Ma a Salivati- jor Bragg ſent for me to him, I order'd a little place in a corner of the Houſe to be made moderately warm for him, and gave him as much Watergruel as he could eat or drink, one Scruple of Merc. Dulc. in Conſerve of Roſes ſeveral times, and to ſtop the Looſe neſs, ſome drops of Laudan. Liq. were pur to it. By theſe means his Salivation roſe again, and all the Symptoms ceas’d, only on the up- per part of his foot was one Sore, not yet dry'd, for which to- wards the latter end of his Spitting, I gave him 7 gr. of Tur- bith. Min, in a Bolus of Conſerv. Rof. which working well up- wards and downwards, it dry'd. He continued well without Re lapſe. had great tamenia. Mrs. Duke, aged about thirty five, was always at the uſual time of a Wor of the Menſtru& Purgationes, extremely troubled with intolerable man who pains in her Belly and Loins, with a great preſs downwards, ſo Pains, &c. that ſometimes ſhe had a Suppreſſion of her Menles, and at othet at the time times a Procidentia uteri. I endeavour'd to remedy theſe Accidents of the can by all manner of Menſes moventia, bleeding and purging, Steel-Courtes, Pulegium Decoctions, which prov'd to no purpole for ſome Months. Then I endeavour’d to Cure this Diftemper by Bleeding, Purg- ing, &c. juſt before the uſual time of the coming of the Catamenia, but ſhe found very little Amendment. Afterwards I grew a little cautious, left ſhe might be with Child, and proceeded no farther. 'Tis very ordinary to have before, or at the beginning of the Cata- menia, theſe Symptoms, eſpecially when the fick Perlons are out of order, have receiv'd any injury in Childbed, or are troubľd with the Fluor albus. I have ſeen many methods of Chalybear and Bath- Waters, tried for this Diſeaſe in ſeveral perſons without effect. The moft eaſe they find is by having Children, the Veſſels about the Uterus being thereby diſtended, and afterwards their Pains are leſs Robert Nichols, aged Thirty or thereabouts, uſually drunk with Of a vio- Brandy, fell into a violent Hæmorrhage at the Nole, it running out morrhage at in great quantity. After a while I was call’d, and order'd him to be the Nole. bled at the Arm cen Ounces, and blew up through a Quill a Powder made civ The Introduction neſs. made of equal parts of Alum, Vitriol and Bole Armeniac, which ſtopt el the Hemorrhage for ſome time. It returning ſeveral times, the ſame de Medicines being repeated with bleeding, great Abftinence, Cooling, and a cold Bath, he was entirely cured. che lo Sous Borl von Dr. Rooks's Wife, aged about Thirty five, of a Phlegmatic Con- ftitution, loft entirely the fight of one of her Eyes, and with the other could very hardly perceive any thing, and diſtinguiſh nothing. The Pupil of the one ſtood always wide open, and that of other on looking at diftant or near Objects,ſcarce alter’d, contractud,or di- lated its felf, which is a ſign of a very bad fight. The Doctor told Of blind me that he came to me to facisfie her Relations, but that he deſpaird of a Cure. He had given her Pil. Lucis, whereby ſhe had had ſome Stools, and had made a Seaton in her Neck. Enquiring concerning the Menfium Fluxus, I was told, ſhe had been out of order that way for fome months. I encouraged them all I could, told them there was room for hope, and took my Indication from the Obſtruction, knowing what wonderful effects and how many Diſeaſes in Women, come from thence. I order'd her to be Bled by Cupping with Scari- fication in the Shoulders, to be bliſter'd in the Neck, to be purg'd with Pil. Lucis ſharpned with Diagrid. to ſome Grains, twice a Week, brand in the intermediate days to take a Steel-Electuary made up with Cephalicks, viz. Limat. Chalyb. Subtilif). trit. made up with Conferv. Flor. Roriſmarin. &c. and Chymical Oil of Thyme to fome Drops. I advis d her likewiſe againſt Sneezing Powders, and to take after her Electuary, and twice a day beſides, a good draught of a Decodtion of Sage and Rolemary, into which an Eleofacch. of Roſemary was diffolved. I likewiſe defired her to take Millepedés alive, corone hundred in a morning, riſing to that number by degrees on the days when ſhe took nothing elſe. By theſe means perſiſted in, ſhe firſt felt ſome relief, by degrees recovered the fight of one Eye, and then of the other, ſo that ſhe could at laſt read Bibles of the ſmalleſt Print, and was entirely cured. emoga sledly sitant visose gydobia In Jan. and Feb. 1688. after ſome hard Breezes and Norths, (Winds) moſt part of the poor Children who lay in the Savanna Houſes (which were Huts made of Paliſadoes or Reeds, and cover'd with Palm-Leaves) expos’d on every fide to the Winds, and not ſtrong of an Epi- enough to keep them out, were taken with Chincoughs, which was very Epidemical, and contagious among them, ſcarce any eſcaping: cough. After trial of ſeveral things, I could not find any relief till the yio- lence of the Diſtemper forc'd me to Laud. Liq.& Lond, both of which cautiouſly given curd them all, but I had a great care of the Dofe. I have given it co many Children at the Breaſt, diffolvd in che demic Chin- The Introduction, . CV the Mothers or Nurſes Milk, with very wonderful ſucceſs, and I thank God had never any bad Accident follow'd its uſe, although I have given it to hundreds of Infants. The lame Remedy (Mä. tatis mutandis) never miſfes the other degrees of this Diſtemper in other Ages, if adminiſtred as it ought to be. very well Mr. E.H. aged about Forty five years, much given to drinking Rum- Punch, had ſeveral times fallen into the Belly-ach, by which he had loſt the uſe of his Limbs. He came to me complaining of want of Appetite, had likewiſe a ſqueamiſhneſs or inclination to Vomit, a very great Paralytick ſhaking all over him, and was veryweak. I gave him a Vomit of Oxymel Scill. which increaſed, during the time of working, his Tremor to ſuch a heighth, as one would have thought him Expiring, but he telling me it was uſually lo with him in Vo. miting, I wrought it off with thin Watergruel, and after the uſe of of the Bitter-Wine, Sp. C. C. &c. For ſome time he ſeem'd to be Belly-ach: recovered, ſo that he was able to go about his Buſineſs, his Stomach was good, and he eat his Victuals very heartily, and grew ſtronger every day. He rode out one morning about ſeven Miles, and drank the Milk or inward Juice of three Coco Nuts, which being too great a Load foc ſo weak a Stomach and Body, he fell preſently into violent Vomiting and Looſeneſs . This laſt continued with him, for which I ordered him the Deco&t. Alb. for ordinary Drink, I gave him Cor- dials of Confe&t De Hyacinth. made up into Draughts with Cina- mon-water, and Syr. Caryophill. to which was now and then as occaſion requir’d, added either Opiates to ſtop, Bezoar-Powder, or Sp.C. C. to ſome Drops, but all in vain, for every Stool weakned him more and more, ſo that in a very few days he died. bre His Wife, recovering of a Fever, turn’d yellowiſh in her Com- plexion, and had a bitter taſt in her Mouth. I gave her a Vomic of Infuſ. Croc. Metall . about 3 vj. with as much Syr. Cariophyll. as of a Gran made it palatable. She vomited, and was relier'd entirely by taking chexy. fome Pills of Extr. Rudii. She was ſome Months after taken ill, much after the ſame manner, I repeated the Vomit, and gave her three Pills made of Pil. Ruff. and finding they agreed with her, I gave her a Box of them, and fome Elixir Proprietaris, to remove the Jaundice, (which ſeem'd for the moſt part to lurk about her,) when ever ſhe ſhould find occaſion again. She came by this me- thod to a perfect Health, por do 1979 25. Oct 28 bevite Jo atynt amoldesolada daiw (dd) A cvi The Introduction. Of a Woman A Negro Woman, belonging to Mr. Forwood, was brought to me, ſhe had a great many Ulcers in the Extremities of the Fingers and Toes, and about the Joints . There was alſo ſeveral Bladders fill'd with Serum on ſeveral of her Joints, as if Cantharides had been applied there to raiſe a Bliſter. Theſe Bladders or Cuticula filled with ſerous Matter, came either on her Fingers or Toes, every Full and New Moon, and in proceſs of time each of theſe Bladders brought an Ulcer, leaving the Fleſh raw, and ſometimes deeper, ſometimes Shallower corroded, ſo thar the longer the Bladders had been rais’d, the deeper were the Ulcerations. The virulency of the Humour was fuch, as that after it had eaten into the Bone, the joints of the Fingers and Toes would drop off, and they die, as I have been aflur’d by thoſe who have loft leveral Negros of this Diſeaſe, I was aflured was peculiar to Blacks. Her Maſter told me ſhe had been in the Hands of a great many Phyſicians, who had Bled, Purg’d, Sweated, ftrange Diſeaſe in c. her to the greateſt degree, without any ſucceſs. I told him, I a Black thought Fluxing, or Salivation, bid faireſt for the Cure of this Diſeaſe, and having got a corner of an Out-houſe ready, ſhe was therein rotting her Fingers flux'd by Unction. After a while ſhe was not only ſo well that all the and Toes, Symptoms of Bladders formerly riſing on Full and Change of the ing the Moon, did not appear as tiftially, but the Ulcers all over her extre- Full and mities dry'd up, and were cicatriz’d, ſo that I did not doubt but all was Change of perfectly well , Salivation being a great Remedy in Diſeaſes where the Serum of the Blood is Peccant, either as to quantity or quality. I was very much diſappointed, when her Maſter told me about three Months after, that her Diſtemper was again, on Full and Change, return’d on her. I concluded that the Salivation had not been proſecuted to the heighth, by my judging her Diſeaſe cured, and therefore order'd her to be ſhut up, and ſeen rub her ſelf as directed. This ſecond Salivation was very copious, and the well a- gain. I, notwithſtanding, towards the latter end gave her a Vo. mit of Turpeth. Min. and continued her Spitting for ſeveral days with Merc. Dulc. and afterwards order'd her a Diet Drink made of the Woods Sarja, &c. boild in Lime-water. This preſerv'd her as formerly, for ſome time, but did not ſecure her from a Relapſe. So ſoon as this Diſeaſe again appear'd, I thought, that perhaps, this was proper to Blacks, and ſo might come from ſome peculiar indiſpo- ſition of their black Skin. Knowing nothing more effectual in Cu- taneous Diſeaſes of this Nature than Sulph. Vivum. I made an Oint- ment of this with, Ung. ex Oxylapath. and order'd her the uſe of this Liniment on all the diſeaſed parts. This being done, all was ſeem- ingly relieved, but not without a return as violent as ever of her Diftemper Her Maſter being diſpleas’d with the loathſome ſight of her the Moon The Introduction. і сvii her about his Houſe, remov'd her from thence to his Plantation, whereby I had no opportunity of further trial of Skill with this Di. ſtemper. This was a very ſtrange Diſeaſe not only in its ſelf, but that it followed very regularly the Full and New Moon. I have ſeen more Diſeaſes than this, come exactly at thoſe times ; but they have generally been Epilepſies, or other Diſeaſes of the Head, and have not been ſo viſible as were theſe Bladders of water before- mentioned. Hono down leave colis Tomlisal a vino son tad 5 TD 191 One night, very late, I was ſent for to the Crawle Plantation to a Girl of about Twelve years of Age, of Mr. Bozles. She had a very of a great ſwelling in her Throat with pain, difficulty of ſwallowing Quinfie. and breathing, join'd with a Fever. I immediately took Ten Ounces of Blood out of her right Arm, gave her about one Scruple of Pil. Coch. Min. diffolv'd in water, for her more eaſie ſwallowing her Me- dicine, order'd her cooling Drinks and Juleps, made a Linctus of fair Water, Whites of Eggs beat to water, and Sugar-candy, which ſhe was deſired to ſwallow down eaſily. With the uſe of theſe Reme- dies, I furthered deſired, that in caſe, in my abſence, her difficulty of breathing ſhould augment, they ſhould immediately bleed her again. By the uſe of theſe directions fhe entirely recovered. The fame Girl, fome months after, was at Port-Royal taken ill of an intermitting Fever, which hanging very long about her, dil- colour'd her Face. She look'd very pale, had likewiſe a ſwelling in the right Hypochondre on the Region of the Liver, and was very Ca- chectic. I told them I thought this Diſeaſe was the effect of the Fe- vers long continuance, and lurking about her, withouc being cur’d by Of a Can fome effe&ual Remedy. I thought it convenient to carry off fome chexy. of the Morbi fic Matter to purge eaſily with Extr. Rud. to give her a Dier Drink of Sarſa, China, &c. for ordinary Drink, and to put her in a ſmall time into a Steel Courſe, by which means in ſome Weeks her Belly grew lank, ſhe well colour'd, and perfectly rid of her Cachexy.mboni na zyswis goisd 130 1731g bnnol od Two of her Brothers were then troubled with Quotidians, the Fits Of a Quo- lafted twelve hours, and they were treated by Phyſicians of ſeveral tidian. Notions, with ſeveral methods for removing them. They were not at all relieved, but grew Cachectic as their Siſter had been, their Bellies began to fwell, and they to look pale. I adviſed without any delay, the uſe of the Cortex Peruv. which given as I us'd to do, cur'd them; but their Fevers had continu'd fo long about them, that they being Cachectic, I put them into the Steel Courſe before-men- tioned, whereby they were perfectly recovered. sliwasil essb dins de la o ovom sporu die mond to or ab Viva on Dr. Cooper, fois la alda vi cviii The Introduction. cool Of the Dvost Od Dr. Cooper, aged about Forty five years, of a yellowiſh ſwarthy Complexion, was a great Drinker of Rum-Punch, and told me Belly-ach. that he had had Twenty five ſeveral violent Fits of the Belly-ach, with drinking that ſort of Liquor. He had been ill in the Country feveral days, and had had ſome Convulſion Firs. He had an in- tollerable pain about the Region of his Navel. For this he had taken ſeveral Clifters and Purgers, which, although they wrought well, yet cur’d him not, but gave only a ſmall momentary relief. I advis'd him to a Fomentation all over his Belly, with a Decoction of Roots of Althea, Leaves of the ſame, and Mallows, Fenugreek, and Linſeed, with Camomile-Flowers, Juniper-Berries, and Cum- min-Seed. With theſe he had a ſmall relief, but grew preſently as bad as ever. I gave him Extr. Rud. which purg'd him very well , but remov'd his pain but for a moment. I then gave him an calie Opiat, mixt with a Purge, but it had no effect. In the uſe of a Cliſter, in which was boild Gourd Leaves, he found a moment's relief, during the time of its working, but ſoon was taken with Convulſion Fits. For theſe Fits I gave him Sp. C.C. and Volatile Sale of Sal Armoniack to ſmell to, as well as Ol. Succin. dropt on Sugar, in a convenient Vehicle. He was now very weak, had cold Swears, a weak Pulſe, not able to endure Phyſick, every Stool endan. gering his Life, and the uſe of his Limbs was almoſt wholly taken from him. I chang’d the Medicines as occaſion required, ſometimes he cook one Ounce of Sena boil'd in Chicken-Broach, and drank after it a Gallon or two in a day, to endeavour the waſhing away of - 1 any ſharp or lower Humour lying and corroding the Coats of the Guts. For the ſame purpoſe he would at my deſire drink huge Draughts, and often of thin Watergruel, left the Chicken Broach ſhould inflame too much, his water being thick and high colourd, and he complaining of Erratick pains, (as it is with moſt others in this Diſeaſe) buc all to the fame purpoſe. Sometimes on vomiting he found great relief, there being always an inclination that way, bur ma 10 this relief was but of a ſhort continuance. He being deſirous of new Medicines, after I had given him an agreeable Cathartick, ſenc for nother Pbyſician, who gave him ſome ſtrong Opiat, as I think of Diacodium, by which the Operation was ſtopt of the Cathartick. After Seeping, as he thought, he was conſiderably relievºd, wherefore he perfifted in the uſe of that ; but in a few days he fell into a ſtrong Convulfion Fit, and died. A third Phyſician coming to him, pro- pos’d Wild-Liquoriſh-Leaves, boild in water, and the Decoction drank, as likewiſe a Decoction of Purſlane; but they both ſeemn'd very unequal to remove ſo great Diſeaſes, eſpecially this laſt, which we in fubitance eat every day to great quantities in Sallers, without any ſenſible alteration. Mrs. Cook pud Guts. The Introduction, cix vulſion Firs. Ho Mrs. Cook ſent for me to a Child of hers, which, when I came, was juſt out of a Convulſion Fit. It was a year and a half old, and Of Cona was not breeding Teeth. I gave it ſome drops of Sp. C. C. and a drop or two of Ol. Succin. in Sugar, diffolvd in water, and or dered three or four Grains of Cinnabar to be given in any Li- quor, or what way they pleas’d. The Child falling into another Fit, on repeating theſe Medicines had immediate relief. The fame Child fell into an intermiting Fever, and in the time of the Paroxyfm bad Convulſion Fits. I immediately gave the Cortex Peruv, in Chocolate, hinder'd the next Paroxyſm of the Fever, and cur'd the Child. ਆ Octs - hluto ту Mrs.Fuller, aged about Forty years, of a Sanguine Complexion, had a ſwimming in her Head, could not Sleep, but was in a manner light-Tor lo headed in the nights, having a great many incoherent andtrouble. i nedov ſome Fancies and Chimera's in her thoughts. She had likewiſe lomeninimas pains in her Back, ſometimes in one place, and ſometimes in ano- ther, and to be ſhort, told me ſhe had no free part about her, but eve- where was troubled with one Ail or other. She had likewiſe eve- sy day ſeveral looſe Stools, and had had ſeveral Phyſicians, who had Of Hyſteric gone on ſeveral methods; but moſtly on evacuations by Stool. She Fits, with grew always worſe and worſe on theſe Courſes, was extremely ap- neſs, and prehenſive of her Life, faw every thing of her Diftemper through a incoherent magnifying Glaſs , and upon any ſudden fear or danger, ſhe fell into Fancies.! violent Firs, of which you may ſee an inſtance before on her Sons death. She was very earneſt for Evacuations, but I told her that was not the way. Another Phyſician, being conſulted, told her that ſhe could not be relieved, and that it was Fits. I eaſily afſented to his Opinion of the Diſeaſe, and proceeding a contrary way towards her cure, would not as yet fuffer any Evacuation, either by Bleeding, Stool or Vomit, but (trove by all means to ſtop her habitual Loois- neſs by Decoét. Alb. for her ordinary Drink, Papers of Creta, or Chalk powdered, with which I mixt ſome Caſtor, and gave her over nighc about Two Scruples of this, with a very gentle Opiar. She had very many other Cephalicks given her, as Sp. C.C. Ol. Succin. a Borde of Volatile Salt to ſmell to. She had alſo Juleps of Aq. Puleg. and other Hyfterics, a Decoction after the manner of Tea made of Sage and Roſemary, and ſeveral other things of this Nature, by which ſhe did not ſeem to be very much reliev'd, only the Loofenels ftopt. Her Head was ſtill very light, and full of Fancies. I durft not after the firſt nights tryal adventure on any Opiars, but perſiſted in the other Remedies to ſtop her loole Stools, and in the Hyſterics. So ſoon as the Looſeneſs was ſtopt by this method, I put her into a fee) Steel CX The Introduction. Convulfi- Steel Courſe, which after it was paciently gone through with great promiſes of relief, ſhe keeping a very good Diet, and exerciſing on Horſeback and Foot, was brought to her perfect Health. Com- plaining to me very much of a giddineſs in her Head, and that ſhe -x9 ns had not regularly her Catamenia, I had her bled in the Foot, once or saibros twice, which did her a great deal of good, and ſhe was ordered to ons to na take Millepedes every morning in a Glaſs of water, with which ſhe was .J16 very well. 101 102 oh o lugar About two months after ſhe was well of this Diſeaſe, ſhe fell into a Colick and Conſtipation of her Belly. She had not been at Stool in ſome time, had very violent and extraordinary Colical pains in her Belly, and was ſhivering as one in a Fit of an Ague. I gave her immediately about gr. 1. of Laud. Lond. with 15. gr. of Extr. Rud, that after her pains were aſlwaged by the Opiat, ſhe might have Of the Bel-a Stool by the Extr . Rud. She fell into moſt violent convullive mo- tions, and foam'd at Mouth, but being brought to herſelf by burnt termitting Feathers, Volatile Salts, Spirits, &c. ſhe complain’d of intolerable Fever and pains, till the Opiat made her eaſie. After ſhe had eaſe, the Phyfick began to work, it gave her ſome very good Stools, and remov'd the Diftemper in her Belly, by voiding ſome hard, round Balls or Pel- lets, like Sheeps Dung. She was feveriſh, and inclining to Sweat. I gave her ſome Sp. CC. in a Decoction of Sage and Roſemary to for- ward that motion of Nature, to try thereby to root out that which I was afraid might in time fhow its ſelf, viz. an intermitting Fever. This accordingly happen'd, and it return’d in about Forty hours, with the fame Symptoms, only no Belly-ach, which had been ac cidental to the firſt Fit. This ſecond Fit began with inclination, and reachings to Vomit, which I promoted by thin Watergruel, and a Feather put into her Throat. By this proceeding there was a preſent alleviation of Symptoms for a moment. After theſe Vomitings came the cold Fit, with which I ftruggled with Sp. C. C. and ſuch things, ſhe having Convulſions in it, which were ſtrong. After the Con- vulſions came the hot Fit, very burning, in which was a great Thirſt, and delirous Diſcourſe, for theſe I gave her as many cooling Liquors as ſhe deſired to drink. When the Sweat began to appear, then I ply'd her with hot Sudorificks, by which ſhe ſweated very plenti- fully.br After the Fit was over, conſidering its violence, and her Con- ftitution, I told her I apprehended ſome danger, if ſhe ſuffered any more Fits, and therefore adviſed her to cure this Fever immediately with the Cortex Peruv. which I gave her. She miſt all ſigns of a Fit after ſhe had taken it. I gave her Milleped. to one hundred in a morning alive, to hinder Obſtructions, and forward the Menſtrua Purgationes. She found relief in them, and was perfectly well, People who have the Belly-ach have generally rhumatick or gouty ad great ons. pains The Introduction. cxi pains in their Joints or Limbs, and a fettlement in their water like Brick-duft. bis 191 vid boog yugy $ gnica od doilar to 29 limoig 381999 pod osadguod est 1001 bns bondeloH Major Thomas Ballard, Plethoric, of a Sanguine Complexion, aged about Thirty five, much given to extravagant drinking, watch. Of an ex- ing, and fitting up late, ſometimes for ſeveral nights together with-traordina- out Sleep, was, after a Debauch in Brandy for ſome days and tion of the nights without Reſt taken extremely ill. He ſent for me, I found Heart. him complaining very much of a giddineſs in his Head, Palpitation, or as he call'd it, a fluttering at his Heart, very great Faintings, cold Fits, and great cold Sweats. Theſe Symptoms were not always on him, but were ſome times very much abated, and would return ſeveral times in a day or night with great violence, infomuch that there ſeemed to be great hazard of his Life, and that he could not be brought to Sleep. I was at firſt very apprehenlive okien Apoplexy, 1di10 and therefore had him bled, and for his fainting Fits he took nown as diw and then ſome Cordials, as they are callid, made of Aq. Ceraf. Nigr. znisimo Pæon. Comp. with ſome Bezoar or Gaſcoyne Powder in them. By thefe bus tous Alovno means the cold Swears were taken off, and he at preſent relieved. He had likewiſe fome Volatile Salt of Sal Armoniac to ſmell to, fome On, Succini to take ſome times, and ſome Sp. C. C. at ochers. He was alſo bliſtered in the Neck and Arms, and had an Iffue cut in his Lefc Arm. Notwithſtanding theſe Medicines, his Faintings and Palpi- tation continued. I gave him Betony, Sage, and Roſemary, to make of them a Decoction to be drank after the manner of Tea, many Preparations of Caſtor, and a little Gaſcoyne-Powder ſeveral times in his Cordial Juleps. He was, likewiſe, at the inſtance of ſome, Bled in the Foot once or twice, but I could not find any of theſe things to relieve very manifeſtly, only the Diſeaſe ſeem'd to go off inſenſibly by degrees, and was in ſome weeks, by the help of Infuſions of Hierapicra, and Purges of Diagridium, &c. carried off. His Diftemper nevertheleſs lurk’d ſo about him, chat drinking very much, riding in the Sun, or any thing heating the Blood, immen diately brought a Paroxiſm, which did not eaſily yield to any Medi- cines, till it wrought off by degrees of its ſelf by temperate living. I was very apprehenſive that thele Symptoms proceeded from a Po- lypus, lodg'd lomewhere in the great Veſſels near the Heart, and ad- vis’d him, on that ſcore, to great Temperance, and a Sreel Courſe. It is very plain this Diſeaſe muſt have come from ſome great diforder about the Heart, upon the Blood its coming thither in quantity, and not being able to be diſcharged from thence; but by Palpitati- ons of reiterated Pallations and efforts. I have leen ſuch a Diftem- per more than once come from bony Excreſcencies about the Aorta, great Artery, or Valves of the Heart: perhaps ſuch excrefcencies might is Схіі The Introduction.de might be produced the ſooner by intemperate living, for Spirit of Wine turns the fibrous part of the Blood, of which Polypi are made into a hard Cattilaginous or bony Subſtance. Thi. Gentleman enjoy'd after this Sickneſs a perfect Health. fie. A Servant of his, one Charles, a white Man, came to Town from bis Plantation. He was about Thirty five years of age, was quite diſcoloured all over his Body, looking pale, his Face was bloated or Ofa Drop-ſwelld extremely, ſo were his Legs like Poſts, and all his Body, but eſpecially his Belly and Scrotum. He made water very little, it any, that which he made was with very great difficulty, complaining of great ſharpneſs and heat. His Scrotum was ſo ſwelld wich ferous Marter, as that it was much bigger than his Head, yer almoſt tran. ſparent, and hiding of his Penis, ſo that very little of it appear’d. This Diſeaſe wasc'rought by every one to be an incurable Pox, but I told them I thought there was no Symptoms here but thoſe of a Dropfie, and gave him preſently fome Jalap in Powder, to about half á Dram, which wrought with him very well by Urin and Scool, info- much that he found himſelf much better. I continued it every other, or third day, ſometimes changing it for Extr. Rud, and on the inter- mitting days, wherein he took no Purges, I order'd him a Decoétum ex Lignis, &c. in a ſmall time, with the help of a Crocus Metall. Vomit, now and then given him, bis Belly, Scrotum, and whole Body were lank. He made water well, and was in perfect Health. To confirm this I gave him a Steel Electuary to carry into the Coun- try, to hinder a Relapſe, ordering him to Exerciſe much, he being a very Lazy Fellow. He not obeying directions, was taken ill again, smelo after the ſame manner as at firſt, and came not to Town till the lwel. sirwalling all over was ſo great, as that he could not ftir off his Back. He vd had likewiſe a great Cough. I began as formerly with him with amb Purgers, with which he was very much eas’d, and brought to go a- bout again, but he could not eat, he fell likewiſe into a Looſeneſs, with which, alchough I ſtruggled all I could by Opiars, &c. yet in ſome days he died. George Thrieves, a Bricklayer, about Thirty five years of age, had labour'd under a Cough for ſeveral months, by which he could not ſleep in the night. He was alſo very much troubl’d with it in the day. He had a very quick and Feveriſh Pulſe, eſpecially towards Of a Con-the Evening, and was very much emaciated and weak, that he could ſumption. very hardly ftir. I gave him a Linetus of Ol. Amigd. Dulc. Syra Capill . Ven. Diacodium, and Sugar-Candy, and beſides in the evening he had an Hypnotick Draught, and ſome Drops of Liq. Laudan. with which he was very much better, and although he had been left as deiperarely The Introduction. схііі deſperately ill; yet by theſe, and ſome Pectoral Decoctions, he was above two months in a condition to ride abroad, and very hearty, ſo that 'twas thought he would have intirely recovered. The con- ftant uſe of the Opiats ſtopt him ſo much that I was forc'd now and then to give a Pill of Extr. Rud. to procure him a Stool. He took fome Balſam of Sulphur, and Locatelli's Balſam ; but he fell into a Looſeneſs, and ſo died, notwithſtanding Conféct. de Hyacinth, and other things of that Nature given to ſtop it. His Wife, after his death, was taken very ill of an intermitting Fe- ver, which was very violent. She had been treated with ſeveral ſorts of an in- of Diaphoreticks, with which ſhe grew worſe, bur ſending for termitting I perſuaded her, with much ado, to take the Cortex Peruv, by which in a little time ſhe was cured. me, Fever. Mrs. L. aged about Forty years, on drinking too much Wine, fell into a Cholera Morbus. She ſent for me, was vomiting very frequently, and going to Stool often. I order'd her to drink a great deal of very Of a Cholen thin Chicken Broath, and ſo helpt her to Vomit much more than the ra Morbus. did before, and towards the evening when I ſaw a ſufficient Evacua ation both ways, and that ſhe was not well able to bear much more, I gave her fome Confe&t. de Hyacinth. in Cinamon-water, into which was dropt fifteen Drops of Laud. Liq. Cydon, with which a little fair water being added, and Syrup. Gariophyll . ad grat. Sapor, ſhe was per- fectly cured. ebt About fix months after ſhe fell into a very great Pleuriſie. She had a moſt extraordinary violent pain in her Side eſpecially on breath ing, Sighing or Coughing, all which ſhe was troubled with. I had her Bled in the Arm to Ten Ounces, gave her ſome powdered Crabs. Of a very Eyes, fome Linſeed Oil and Sugar-Candy. Theſe did not relieve her, Pleurifie but ſhe grew worſe and worſe, had cold Sweats , &c. I gave her curd by then ſome Cordials made of ſeveral Vinous Spirits, made her take large bleeding. ſome Sp.C.C. to keep her alive, and had her bled to a good quan- tity, five times in her Foot and Armin Twelve hours. I had like- wiſe her ſide rub'd with Ung. Dialth & 0l. Lumbric. as alſo a hot Bag of parch'd Salt pat warm to it. In this ſhe felt ſome ſmall re- lief, but the found more advantage in the bleeding than any thing elſe, though it ſeemed very exceſſive. By theſe methods ſhe recovered her perfect Health Her Husband had been fick and weakly for many years, his Skin yellow. I gave him ſome Extr. Rudii by which he was cured, and rid abroad. He ſent, on another Fit of the ſame Diſeaſe, for ano. Of a Cam ther Phyſician, what was done I know not, but when I was ſent chery and Singultus. for again he had an extraordinary yellow Skin and Eyes, a great weakneſs, ſcarce able to ftir, a vomiting of very filthy mucous (ff) diſco- cxiv The Introduction. diſcolourd Marrer by Mouth fulls, and a perpetual Hiccough. I thought his Diſtemper now ſcarce curable, but advis'd him to take ſome Drops of Elix. Propr. with ſome Tincture of Arnotto or Achiotle, which he us’d to take for the Stone in Rheniſh Wine. This Tincture, (which is a fam'd Diuretic in theſe parts,) he took, but his Singultus perpetually following him, except when he had a little Sleep, which was very ſhort, he died. Of inter- mitting Fevers. Mr. Fletcher, twice in two Epidemical Conſtitutions, fell into in- termitting Fevers, which by the help of the Cortex Peruv, were both cured without returns. A Man Servant of his likewiſe very many Symptoms of a begun Of an in- Conſumption and He&tic, as great coughing, eſpecially in the night, Fevers, and difficulty of breathing,&c. with theſe he had an intermitting Tertian a Cough, Fever. I gave him the Cort. Peruv. as uſually, and he was not only refembling freed of his Ague, but perfectly recovered of his other Symptoms, which I was apprehenſive would have been much more troubleſome than the Fever. Thus I have ſeen very often that ſeeming Hectics have been cured by the Bark. A Negro Woman of his called Roſe, who us'd to be about the Houſe, and attend Children, grew Melancholy, Moroſe, Taciturn, and by degrees fell into a perfect Mopiſhneſs or ſtupidity. She would not ſpeak to any Body, would not eat nor drink, except when forc'd, and if ſhe were bid to do any thing ſhe was wont to do, before ſhe had gone about it, ſhe would forget what her Commands Of Mad- were. If one brought her out to ſet her about any thing, ſhe would ſtand in the Poſture ſhe was left, looking down on the Ground, and if one further, as for inſtance, put a Broom in her Hands to ſweep the Houſe, there ſhe ſtood with it, looking on the ground very pen- five and melancholy. She had fallen into this the Full Moon be- ore I ſaw her, and had afterwards her Exacerbations always on Full or Change. I had her Cupt and Scarified in the Neck, ordered her a very ſtrong Purge of Extr. Rud, to be forc'd down her Throat. This did not work. I gave her fix Ounces of Vin. Emet. telling her it was a Dram, which wrought pretty well with her. I gave her alſo, ſeveral days very ſtrong Doſes of Diagridium, or Jalap a- mongſt her Victuals, which ſometimes wrought none at all, and ac other times would work pretty well. In a months time there was much alteration for the better, ſo that ſhe was concluded not to be betwitched by her own Country people, which was the Opinion of moſt ſaw her. This happens very often in Diſeaſes of the Head, Nerves or Spirits, when the Symptoms of them are extraordinary, or not underſtood, to be attributed by the common People to Witch- craft, or the Power of the Devil. Alfa fætida is uſed in Exorciſms, neſs. which voimh The Introduction. vi CXV which I take to be more proper for Hyſterick or Nervous diſorders of thoſe to be Exorcis’d, than to offend the Noſtrils of the Devil. I bli- ſtered her Neck, gave her now and then Vin. Emet. to fix Ounces,or Merc.Vit . to eight or nine Grains, ſhe being very hard, as all mad People are, to work on. She had ſome white Puſtles rofe all over her Skin, and by the uſe of theſe Medicines alternatively, ſhe came to her ſelf, went about her buſineſs, and was well. Worms of all ſorts are very common amongſt all kinds of People here, eſpecially the Blacks and ordinary Servants. They are very often obliged to eat the Country corrupt Fruits, Roots, and other Meats apt to breed many kinds of Vermin in the Gurs. Sometimes theſe Worms cauſe Fevers, which run very high with great intermil- fions and exacerbations, ſometimes Convulfion-Firs , very often great pains in the Belly and Stomach, now and then bloody Excremenes, and at other times perſons Vomit up Worms of divers ſhapes and magnitudes. It is often very hard to find out the cauſe of theſe Symptoms. I uſed to give immediately fome Diagridium and Merc, Of Worms Dulcis mixt together, which uſually brought ſome of them away, or quieted the Symptoms. I us’d to allow a Grain of Diagridium to every year of the Childs Age, and about half the quantity of Merc. Dulc. Sometimes in aged People I gave Pil. Coch. Min. or Extr. Rud. mixt with Calomelanos. I have ſeen eighteen Worms come away in a day or two with theſe Medicines. Sometimes I would give Cinnabar to Children this way diſeaſed, if I apprehended their Head to be affected, or if other Medicines took no place. I often gave Corallina in very great quantities, which I never ſaw do any great matter, but by Wormſeed 10 given I have found great ſucceſs,as alſo by Oil. Very often the Worms here are proof to all theſe Medicines, and carry off abundance of People, which chiefly happens when they have eat through the Guts, or are in ſo great numbers, or lodg’d in ſuch corners and receſſes of the Guts; that although there be a plentiful Evacuation of them, yet ſo many remain as to be mortal, or lie in ſuch places as the moſt effectual Medicines come not near them. 'Tis uſual here to give Children eaſie Purges, or Wormſeed, at the Change or Full of the Moon. Theſe Worms in Children come very often from fucking Sugar. Canes Raw, and make the Children look very pale and wan. One Harris, a Joyners Wife, came to me with a Child of about ſeven years of Age in her Arms, which had the Face ſtrangely ſwellid, eſpecially the Lips, which were tumified prodigiouſly, and made the Child look very deformed. The Noſe was alſo all over red, and ſwell’d out in lumps which were very much inflam'd, his Throat was alſo foniewhat affected. I ask'd her whether or no ſhe cxvi The Introduction. of a in Mercurius Dulcis. ſhe had given any thing to this Child for the Worms. She told me flie had, and that one for that purpoſe had given her a Powder. danger of Deſiring to ſee it, ſhe ſhew'd me a Paper wherein was a great deal Life by of Merc. Dulc. Left the Child ſhould be choakt by the ſtopping of Salivation the Salivation, I order'd it to be kept moderately warm, and to be on taking bled to fix Ounces, and after that to take ſome Diagridium to make a Revulfion, and carry the humours off by Stool. I order'd her af- terwards to apply Empl . Diachyl. cum gum. to all the lumps to ripen them. I deſir'd they ſhould have a care of opening them on the outſide by Inciſion, left Scars might follow, and make the Face all over deform’d and ugly, for in ſuch caſe the more the Child grew, the greater would be the Scars. If ſmall Tumours break without a Knife or Cauſtic, there is not ſo much danger of marks. With Diagridium Purges now and then given, the Face leſſened, came in ſhape, and was pretty well, and by the application of the Plaiſter, the lumps ripened and broke one after another, and the Child was well without ſo much as the appearance of a Scar. If Merc. Dulc. be mix'd in a larger quantity with Jalap, or other purging Powders, after the Powder has been ſtir'd, and ſome Doſes taken our, the Merca Dulc. being heavier, goes to the bottom, and ſo conſequently, af- ter ſome time, is taken in larger proportion than the Purgers, and oca caſions ſuch Accidents as Salivation, &c. This preparation of Mer- cury likewiſe acquires a bad Corroſive quality by lying long in the Air, and ſo does Antimonium Diaphoreticum get an Emetic quality. the Head. A lean ſpare Woman, aged about Fifty, complain’d very much Of a gid- of a giddineſs in her Head. She told me that when ſhe was in the dineſs in Fortieth Year of her Age her Menſtrua Purgationes had left her, and that then ſhe began to be out of order. She had had the Catamenia firſt at Eleven. I gave her fome Sp. C. C. thrice a day, and would have bled her, but that her weakneſs was a Contra-Indication. With that Spirit ſhe recovered. ver and Mrs. Pain, aged about Thirty five years, was taken very ill of a Fever, with which ſhe had perpetual Vomitings and Stools, Of a Fe- without any reſpite. She being in ſome time very much weakned by it, I gave her fome Laudanum at night in a Bolus with Theriac. Androm. but it had no ſucceſs. I order'd her to drink great quan- tities of Watergruel to waſh away the Cauſe, and then gave her again ſome eaſie Opiat, which, nevertheleſs,ſucceeded not. I then gave her great quantities of Sal Prunell , by which ſhe was much reliev'd of her vomiting, and was in ſome time by keeping a cool Regimen very well recovered, Cholera Morbus. Onc The Introduction cxvi One Pavey, of about Fifty five years of age, complain'd to me of a great Oppreſſion, or Lump at her Stomach, that ſhe could not Of an op- ſwallow nor ear, ſhe had likewiſe a pain there. I durft not give her preffion at a Vomit for her weakneſs and age, but I ordered her about fifteen mach. gr of Pil. Coch. Min. in two Pills, with which ſhe was gently purg'd and well. . the Ster- num and A Cooper had a blow on the Sternum, with a Horſes Foot, which healing, had a knot or Callus viſible on it, he complain’d of a great and conſtant pain at his Stomach, which had been proof to ſeveral methods us’d by ſeveral Phyſicians. I ſuſpected it might be a de- preſſion of the Cartilago enfiformis , and order'd him to be Cupt on Of a de- it, to endeavour drawing of it to its place. I alſo order'd a fticking preſſion of Plaiſter to be drawn violently off of his Breaſt, with which he found relief, but not ſo much as when at Sea. I doubted Whether the Cartilago Compreffio in congreſ u Venereo might not depreſs the Sternum and make Enfiformis. him worfe, he being worſe every morning when at home, and bet- ter when he was at Sea abſent from his Wife. stowwe Mr. F- aged about Twenty four, extremely Corpulent and Fat, us’d to eat very heartily, and drink very hard without any great pre- judice. One evening he made a Challenge to another, who thought himſelf able to bear more drink than he, defiring him before the pre fent Company to come to a fair tryal in that matter. They had drank, by computation, about a Quart and a half before Supper, and at Sup- per, in about three quarters of an hours time, drank to, and pledg’d one another in ſix Draughts of Madera Wine, drunk out of fix Ca- labaſhes or Cups, holding each a Quart by meaſure. The drink- ing ſo hard, and in ſo ſhort a time, ſeiz'd this Gentleman all of an inſtant, chat his Eyes turn'd in his Head, ſtood fix’d, and he began of two to Gok down in his Chair. He was carried out of the Room, and Perſons plac'd in a great arm's Chair, where he imniediately fell into an ex- traordinary deep Sleep. Nature ſtruggling, and making now and quantity then an effort in the Stomach to diſgorge what was unwelcome to it of Wine. both in quantity and quality, was always check through his faſt Sleep. I thought I could hear a begun Vomit in the bottom of the Stomach towards the Oefophagus, but being ſo faſt aſleep, that he could not give way to it, it was ſtopt there, and could get no far-de-pl ther. He was likewiſe in danger by his Head hanging in ſeveral Pordt bina ma ſtures, whereby in ſome the Aſpera Arteria might be compreſſed, or the Jugular Veins, that he might be ſtrangled. To avoid this I ſer one or two to watch and keep his Head in ſuch a poſition as might hinder thoſe Accidents, and forward as much as might be Vomiting, which I likewiſe did by thruſting Feathers as long as I could get into (gg) his who drank a great cxviii The Introduction his Throat. This help'd the coming away of a great deal of dif- colour'd mucous matter, which lying behind might have choak’d him, unleſs he were help'd a little , by keeping his Mouth open with a great Key thruſt between his Teech, with the Wards turn'd upper- moft, ſo that his Mouth could not be quite fill'd with that Matter. He foam'd a little at Mouch, and breath'd very high and uneaſily, wherefore apprehending ſome imminent and preſent danger of ſome Apoplectic Diſtemper, I had him very largely bled at the Arm, which very much calm'd all the Symptoms, eſpecially thoſe threatning his Life every minute. He was narrowly watch'd all night. I would have given him a Purge if he could have got it down, buc he was ſo faſt aſleep that it could not be done. He was carried in a double Sheet, after five or fix hours Sleep, to his Lodgings, and laid abed, his Head high, and taken great care of left he ſhould be Strangled. Finding him ftillin great danger of a Head Diſeaſe, be- ing ſpeechleſs, not to be awak'd, I gave order that he ſhould be forthwith bled again in the Arm to ſome ten or twelve Ounces. After this he could bring out half a word, and then by degrees came to ſpeak a whole word, than two or three, and ſo a Sentence. Then I gave him fome Pil. Coch. Min about two Scruples diffolv'd in water, to clear him of his inflam’d and ſwellid Throat, as well as of the diſorders of his Head and Stomach. After this had wrought he was very lenſible of his eſcape, Penitent, and with Tears in his Eyes ex- preſs'd his concern. He was ſcarce yet able to ſpeak intelligibly, buc by another Purge next morning, in ſome few days he recovered his Health. The other, who pledgʻd him, had drank leſs by three Pints, and before he fell aſleep had vomited a very great quantity of the Wine he had drank. He ſlept till morning, and continued three or four days very much fluſtered or hot headed, without any furcher miſchief. Both theſe Gentlemen died ſince in England, and, as I have been told, ſhortened their Lives by ſuch Actions. Of the Mrs. aged about Thirty five years, of a yellowiſh colour, had been in an intermitting Fever, for ſeveral Weeks, which ended in the Belly-ach. She had a very great pain about the Region of the Navil, Conſtriction of the Belly, high colour'd thick Water, Belly-ach and frequent pains all over the Body, like thoſe of Rheumatic and Rheu-People.She had alſo a Nauſea or inclination to Vomit, which when for- warded (which I generally did in this Diſeaſe) would eaſe her ſome- what by emptying the stomach. She had gone through all Courſes ordered by ſeveral Phyſicians without ſucceſs. I had her bled ſeveral times, by which ſhe found no great relief , neither did ſhe by eaſie Purgers, which although they wrought well, and gave ſome im- mediate The Introduction. cxix mediate eafe, yet they were far from taking away the Diftemper. She was extraordinary weak, inſomuch that I was forc'd to allow her Cordial vinous Spirits, Sp. C.C. and ſeveral things of thac kind, which by their inflaming qualities feem'd to be very prejudicial to her, although abſolutely neceſſary in reſpect of her faintneſs. She had alſo Emulſions of all ſorts, and becauſe ſhe could not sleep a great while together, I gave her an eaſie Opiat without any fucceſs. i likewiſe gave her Purgers with Merc. Dulc. and order'd her Cly- ſters of all ſorts. Her Diet was Broaths of all kinds, Watergruel, I was told the drank much Brandy and ſtrong Liquors, which I was inclinable to believe, becauſe theſe cooling Remedies did not at all relieve her. I told her a cooling Regimen was much the beſt, but could nor hinder her drinking ſtrong Liquors, whereby ſhe continued under her Diſtemper feveral months. I was told there was ſomething Venereal in it, wherefore I gave her ſome Mer- curial Purges, ſweated her at night, and order'd her a Diet-Drink of Sarſa, China, &*c. by which ſhe found ſome, but not much relief. She went into the Country after ſhe had loſt the uſe of her Limbs. She recovered them in ſome meaſure, by degrees, with the help of the Green With, and ſome Salves, and came to her perfect Health. By this I apprehend ſhe was clear of all Venereal infection, but that ſtrong Liquors had been the occaſion of the long continuance of this Malady. A Turner belonging to Colonel Nedham, of about Forty years of age, was taken with a great pain about his Navel, he could not go to Stool, and had a great Nauſea, or ſqueamiſhneſs at his Sto- mach, which made him Vomit ſometimes a ſmall quantity of mu- of the Belly-ach. cous matter. I gave him fome Pil. Coch. Min. about fifteen Grains, to try whether it would work it down, it did not foon, wherefore being in pain he ſent for another Phyſician, who gave him a Clyfter, which did not at all eaſe him. He ſent to me again the next day, I gave him ſome four or five Pills made up of about two Scruples of Pil . Coch. Min. and order'd him to drink much Watergruel . Ic wrought very well, and he was very much eas’d, but his Diſeaſe return'd in a ſmall time (as it uſually does) and he was in the fame condition. After ſome hard Bails of Excrement or Pellets had come away by Stool, with the ſame Medicines he was perfectly cured. A Tailor of Colonel Nedhams was ſoon after taken ill after the ſame manner, as were likewiſe moſt of the Indians and Blacks about Of the Belly-acha his Houſe, ſome whereof fell into this Diſtem per by drinking Rum- Punch, others by other Cauſes. I found the aforelaid method with Extr. Rud. Pil. Coch. Min. Jalap, Diagrid, or any Purgers to be very effectual, CXX The Introduction. effectual, and Clyſters to be ſeldom beneficial, except ſometimes they were very ſtrong, made of Gourd or Tobacco Leaves. Theſe Cly. ſters are ſometimes ſo violent as to cauſe very great diſorders, and to bring after Convulſions death, which has happened to ſeveral lo af- fected. 'Tis very ordinary to have in this Diſtem per Relapſes, for ſeveral times after one another in ſome hours, and at each return, after the working of purging Phyſick, there are voided Pellets like Sheeps Dung, as hard as Stones, afrer which comes eaſe, and then violent pains, whence a neceſſity of taking Phyfick, and then the like Balls or Pellets again. Opiats in this Diſtemper ſeldom relieve, and are very hurtful in thar they ſtop up the Belly, and give no great immediate caſe unleſs ſometimes when they are mixt with Purgers. Balſamics are very proper in this Diſeaſe. I usd to prevent a Re- lapſe in this Diſtemper, to give the Leaves of Sena to about one or two Drams, to be boild in thin Watergruel, or Chicken Broath, which keeping the Belly open, they have been reliev'd. This word (the Belly-ach) is given to ſeveral Diſeaſes, where there are great pains in the abdomen, as Stone, &c. and always to the Rheumacilm, and for the moſt part this laſt is join'd with what one may call the true Belly-ach. I think the Belly-ach conſiſts of ſuch variery of Symptoms, that there is no curing of ic but by ſeveral Medicines usd in a right method, and perſiſted in for ſome time. The Turner before mentioned, in felling a Manfanillo-Tree in the Woods, ſome of the Milk ſpurted into his Eye, whereby it was ex- tremely fore and inflam’d, and in a nights time the Eyelids were lo of an in-fwelld and glu'd together by the gummineſs of the Milk, that he from the could not open them. I order'd him to be immediately bled, gave Milk of him a ſtrong Purge of Extractum Rud. and order'd him to wer his nillo-Tree. Eye very often in cold water, keeping a wer brown cold Paper to his Eyes. When one Paper was hot a freſh cold wet one was put on, to hinder a defluxion on the Eyes, and to cool and take away the acrimony of the Humours came that way, and occaſion'd great pain, heat, and reſtleſſneſs. Theſe things being done, in three days he was cured. One ſent for me to her Daughter, about Fourteen years of age, ſhe was ftrangely diſtorted in her Fingers, and at every joint there was a white twelling round about it. She had likewiſe ſeveral Ulcers on her Feet, and was ſo Lame that ſhe was forc'd to uſe Crutches, and could ſcarce ftir with them. I was told by her Mo- del 2 ther, that theſe Diſaſters had come on her after the Small-pox, ſhe not being purg'd, ſhe feem'd likewiſe to have ſome ſnuffling in her noſe. It was thought ſhe came into the World, when her Mother was tainted with ſome Species of the Lues Venerea, but her Mother Son would Of the Lues Vene- Tea. The Introduction. cxxi SVO odox would not hear of Fluxing. I gave her about Fifteen Grains of Pil, Coch. Min. which ſhe took every Week twice, and about Fifteen Drops of Sp. C. C. every intermediate day. I continued this Courſe for ſeveral Weeks, only in lieu of Pil. Coch. ſhe took ſome powdered Jalap, and by this means, in ſome time, ſhe by degrees recovered her Health, and was able to go about her Buſineſs, climb Trees, and throw away her Crutches . The Tumours on the Fingers, and Joints ſubſiding, ſhe grew every where well, except one ſmall Sore in the bottom of her Foot, which was not skin'd. I order'd her for that Ulcer to be purg’d, and a Deco&tum Chine, but no Chirurgeon taking care of it, neither ſhe keeping a good Diet, but eating Pep- per, &c. ſhe grew worſe. In this caſe I left her, neither did I believe ſhe would recover without fluxing, this Diſeaſe being, as I thought, a Species of the Lues Venerea. sabr be 200 consoli Her Mother was very weak, and complain'd to me of great pains, that ſhe could nor Sleep in the night, and could ſcarce walk about. bod 10 She was old, very weak and Paralytic. I gave her fome eaſie oil aan Purges, and had her bled without any relief . She was not ca- pable of enduring a Flux, for ſhe could not be patient. I gave her fome Ol. Chym. Roriſmar. ſhe found no relief. I ordered her about fifteen Grains of Jalap, to be taken next morning. I went then to ſee her, and found ſhe had vomited, was in cold Sweats, and ſpeech- leſs. I gave her ſome Sp. C. C. and burnt Wine, but ſhe grew Of a Sali- worſe. I would have given her an Opiat, but ſhe could not ſwallow it. Notwithſtanding the recovered, and Spit as if ſhe had been ſalivated for a great while after. I ſuſpected, becauſe ſhe had formerly taken the ſame Doſe of Jalap ſeveral times without any ſuch effects, that either deſignedly to do her good, or maliciouſly to Poiſon her, her Negro Woman had chang’d the powdered Jalap for ſome Merc. Sublimat. Corroſiv. or ſome ſuch other violent Medicine. A bout a month after ſhe died, but of what, or how, I know not. 636 10 An Overſeer belonging to Colonel Rives, aged about forty years, had been ſeveral times troubld with the Belly-ach, after curing of which, for ſome conſiderable time, he was uſually blind. This blindneſs had now been on him, after this Fit, for ſome months, and he was very much diſcolour'd in his face and skin. I advis'd him to Bleed, and next day Purge with Pil. Coch. Min, which he did. Iof blinda alſo gave him an Eleoſacch. Roriſmarin. & Sp. C. C. in great quanti- neis after ties thrice a day. He took likewiſe fome Ol. Succini, deſigning by ach. thele Remedies to remove the Obſtruction of the Opric nerve, and envigorate his Spirits, his Eyes having no outward viſible Diſeaſe. I bliter'd his Neck, and although I continued ſome days in this (hh) courſe, vation. cxxii The Introduction. courſe, yet no ſucceſs follow'd theſe Medicines. I order'd him to take about fifty live Millepedes in a Glaſs of Water twice a day. He did this ſome days, found his Eyes much ſtrengthened, but would not ſtay any longer. I gave him directions when he went into the Country, but know not what became of him afterwards. I have ſeen total blindneſs come many times in the Belly-ach, both in ja- maica, on the way thither, and in England. There is no blemiſh to be ſeen in the Eye, but it ſeems the Morbific Matter is tranſlated up to the Head. I never ſaw any but what recovered their fight after- wards by proper Remedies. Convulſions are likewiſe ordinary in this Diſeaſe, but I think they are much a worſe ſign than blindneſs. One Henry, a Negro, Overſeer of Colonel Ballards, much given to Venery, fell into a blindneſs by degrees, ſo that he could ſee very little at any diſtance, nor well near at Hand. I look'd very earneſtly on his Eyes, but could not ſee any blemiſh. I adviſed him to be Of a bad very Chaft for ſome time, and had him cup'd and ſcarified in the fight from Shoulders, bliſter’d in the Neck ſeveral times (which I account more Venery. effectual then a Seton becauſe there is a ſudden great Evacuation of ſerous Matter in the one, and but a flow and habitual ſmall dif- charge in the other) gave him great quantities of Sp. C.C. and Mi- llepedes without any relief. After a great many Weeks perfifting in this Courſe, and uſe of ſeveral Cephalic Oils, by way of Eleoſ ac- chara, I gave him an Electuary made of Steel, ec. and order'd him a Regimen proper for a Steel Courſe. By this in ſome cime he by degrees recover d his Eye-fight, and found them very much ſtreng- thened every way. He was ſent into the Country to mind the Plan- tation buſineſs as formerly, whither he went provided with a quan- tity of his Electuary, and I never heard he had a Relapſe, which in all likelihood I ſhould have done had his Diſtem per return'd; for Planters give a great deal of Money for good Servants, both black and white, and take great care of them for that Reaſon, when they come to be in danger of being diſabled or of Death. Fluxes and Diarrhæ as of all kinds, as well as Dyſenteries or bloody Fluxes, are at all times here very common to all manner of People. As for Fluxes, provided they be moderate and within bounds, I always avoided ſtopping them, but rather if I ſaw that they went on eaſily, Cum bona agri tolerantia, gave ſome innocent Remedy, or Of Fluxes, fome eaſie Medicine to help it forward. This is one of the moſt Diarrhæas, uſual and Salutary ways Nature disburchens its ſelf of Morbific Mat- and Dyſen-ter, which otherwiſe might occafion great Diſorders. But if a great Fever be join'd, or if there be ſo great an Evacuation char the Perſon grown weak, I us’d to order the Perſon to be immediately bled for che teries. is The Introduction. cxxiii the Fever Very often in this, as well as in the Belly-ach, there is an in- flammation in the Gurs, which occaſions a Gangreen if not timely reme- died. This appears frequently upon the Diſfections of diſeaſed Bodies. I have not only ſeen this in Men, Women and Children, but in Horſes. I uſed to order Rice to be boil'd in Water for ordinary Drink, and the Rice cat with Milk, as alſo frequenzly to give De- coĉtum Album for the ordinary drink of the Patient, or ſome Creta al- biſſima, or fine Chalk powdered, and made the ſame way into a Drink as the Hartſhorn Calcin'd in the Deco&tum Album is wont to be us'd. I would put to it ſome times Bolus Armen, and likewiſe give half an Ounce of theſePowders twice or thrice a day, and uſually in the Evenings a Bolus of Diafcordium or Ther. Andr. with an eaſie Opiat of liquid or ſolid Laud. according to the Age of the Patient. If the Looſeneſs continued long, it uſually wathed away the Mucus inteſtinalis corroded the Guts, and ended in a Dyſentery, for which I give, after bleeding ſeveral times, the ſame Medicines, as for a Diarrhea. It is very ordinary after eating Shell-fiſh, as Con il get ches, Oiſters or Crabs, by people thrown on Cayos, Deſert Iſlandsavisa or Rocks by Shipwrack, and feeding on theſe for their only fufte73 nance, to fall into Fluxes and Looſeneſſes, greater or leſſer according to the time they have continued on ſuch places, I had one under my care, who had been Shipwrackt ſo on fome Cayos on the North ſide of Hiſpaniola, going to the great Place Wreck, whom I could very ſcarcely recover with all the abovelaid methods feveral months per- fifted in, and with Bees Wax inwardly given. He took alſo Rhu- barb in Powder without ſucceſs. On taking of the Wax form'd into Pills it came away by Stool the ſame way that it was taken in, without much alteration. I ſaw once in Jamaica in the latter end of a Phthiſis one Dram of Rhubarb, with five of Terra Sigillata, fome Confe&t. de Hyacinth, and Cinamon-water, do very well when nothing elſe could ſtop a dangerous Diarrhea, but the vertue of it only continued for ſome ſmall time. I have known in Epidemic Dyſenteries Flower boild in Milk, with ſome Wax ſcrap'd into it, do very great Cures. But by the abovelaid Medicines, Tome, or all of them, I have cur'd hundreds in Jamaica of theſe Diſtempers. Pa- per boil'd in Milk was us'd in France, in Diarrhaas infeſting the Ar- my, with very great ſucceſs. This I was affur’d by an Officer in the French Army at Tolouſe, une Mrs. Halſtead, aged about forty years, of a clear Complexion, was very much troubled with fluſhings in her face, and ſmall lumps, which by drinking Water, or cool Drinks, which ſhe thought would of Alluſh- remedy them, the grew worſe. I order'd her to drink as much Wine as ing in the uſual, and to be bled, after which ſhe was purged with Extr. Rud. and Face. cxxiv The Introduction. Of the Itch. and then took an Emulſion of the cold Seeds, with which ſhe was moſt violently purged. After bleeding, purging, and the uſe of ſome eaſie Diaphoretics, I gave her a mixture of Allum and Sulph. Viv. powdered. Theſe mix'd and ty’d up in a Linnen Cloath, I ordered her to dip in water, and then to rub on her face ſeveral times a day. This Medicine being continued for a great while, ſhe was perfectly well of that troubleſome Diſtemper. Obson 5975buro A Laundrey Maid, was troubled very much with the Pruritus or Itch, it roſe in ſmall little whales, all over her Body, eſpeci- ally between the Fingers, and was uneaſie both by its Itching and unſeemlineſs. I bled and purg'd her, ordered her for three mornings and nights, to take one Dram of Flor.Sulph, in any Vehicle, and then to anoint herſelf with Ung, ex Oxylapath. in which powder'd Sulph. Viv. is mixe with ſome Drops of Chymical Oil of Saſafras, to take away the ſmell. Every night before ſhe rub'd, ſhe took a little Flor. Sulph, inwardly. With theſe things ſhe was cured. si scolas hori 20 no words skoga muda HO " ; I found an uneaſineſs, foreneſs, or pain in one of my Toes, as if a ſmall Inflammation or Tumour had been there rais'd by the preſſure of ſome part of my Shoe. I had a Negro, famous for her ability in ſuch caſes, to look upon it, who told nie it was a Chego. She Of Chegos, (who had been a Queen in her own Country) open'd the Skin with a Pin above the ſwelling, and carefully ſeparated the Tumour from of the skin, and then pull'd it out, putting into the Cavity whence it came, ſome Tobacco Aſhes which were burnt in a Pipe ſhe was ſmoaking. After a very ſmall ſmarting it was cured. Pallig This Tumour is accounted of two ſorts, either poiſon'd or not poiſon'd, both are about the bigneſs of a ſmall Field Pea, being al- moſt round. They have a few Fibres, by which they are faftened to the Fleſh as by a Root. That call'd poiſon’d has a black ſpot in it, and is accounted worſe than the other to cure. They contain, within a thick Skin, a great number of ſmall Eggs or Nits, white, and crackling when bruis’d. Theſe are the Spawn of a ſmall blackiſh ſort of Louſe or Flea, which harbours its ſelf and lives in Duſty or unclean places. The Mother, I apprehend, puts and inſinuates theſe Eggs under the Skin of Men and Women, as other Inſects do their Eggs into the Barks or Leaves of Trees. They infelt the Feet of moſt People under the Nails of the Toes, or any where about the Heel. If theſe inſects be left to themſelves they will Spawn and multiply in the Feet to great numbers, and bring bad Acccidents, which I think come rather from the depending of the part than any poiſonous quality of this Inſect or Air. and the Conſe- quences them. bo A The Introduction CXXV 20 21 Knee. vaaribora Sobris oscull de todas CI A very neat Lady had one of theſe Bags bred in one of her Toes, part of it was by a Black taken our with a Pin, but it ſeems not the whole Bag, (as it ought to have been) She complain'd of ſome pain therewith, which by her walking about inflam'd very much. She fhew'd it me, I advis'd her to keep her Bed, and to dreſs it with a little Ung. Bafilicum and Precipitate, putting over this Liniment fome Diapalma Plaiſter. By theſe in ſome Weeks time the feſtering af moy was gone, and ſhe with ſimple Baſilicum cur’d with keeping her Bed, -johesis ora or Leg up, for on the leaſt hanging down, it would inflame again. melatok, Although ſhe was well in her Toes, yet ſhe had a ſwelling roſe in 2304,951 10 gnino her Knee about the Patella, it was very painful and red, as if mol moi Wind were under the skin. I thought, it being a dangerous Place for an ulcer, it was beſt to Bleed and Purge, thereby to hinder a defiuxion of Humours to the part. This being not my proper buſineſs, I committed her to the care of a Chirurgeon, who applying Poul. celles, uc. to it, it broke and kept running for a long time, after which is cicatriz’d not without great trouble. Liyul WA Bonillowl dinaidw bodd oniono god saw buis enamik mot gniot en A little Negro Boy, by leaping off a high place at Twelve years of Age, ſtrain d his Knee, whence came a puffing, foft , painful Tu- of a Swel- mour, red and large. This being an ill place for a ſwelling, becauſe ling in the of the Patella, &c. and its being a depending part, I order'd him to be bled prefently, to be purg’d the next day, and to keep up the Knee. By another Purge or two his Knee healed, the Swelling fal- ling by degrees without any ſign of an Apoſtem.reisste nicios to cos suodatum varius lord enw bol chod An old Woman of Seventy years of Age, complained to me ſhe had not made water in a fortnight, her Belly was very much fwelld. I gave her a Doſe of Jalap, by which ſhe not only went of the to Stool, but made Water very plentifully. I order'd her a Bath of great Ef fair Water and Culilu, to fit in it lukewarm. She continued well Falap upon for a while, but then, as I heard, died, I ſuppole, with Age, and the Serum weakneſs. The like Operation as is above related I have found le- veral times on the giving of Jalap, and ſometimes I have obſervedele a contrary effect, though from a different Caule, which was, that it had by great purging to draind the Serum from the Blood by Stool, that none remained in a Day or more, to come by Urine. analon by alebo santorionta con 2 ob gnixulosdaadguoris I was call?d to one who made extraordinary complaints of very of the great pain in the bottom of her Belly; ſhe could not make water , shehena nor had in ſeveral days. I gave her lome Sal Prunel. and pur cher der, taken into a Bath of Culilu and fair Water lukewarm. She vomited, and for the had all the Symptoms of the Stone in the Bladder , although the Belly-ach. took of the Blood. cxxvi The Introduction. Of a Worm in parts of part. Guinen. I 10 laws: took it for the Belly-ach, and call’d it ſo. Her ordinary Phyſician returning to take care of her, I went no more near her, nor know I what became of her: ton sroorlo in most 900 From fome parts of Guinea, as is before related, come Negros troubled with Worms, they are flat and long, ſomething like the Lumbricus Terreſtris, and lodge amongſt and in the muſcular Fleſin. I faw one who had one of theſe Worms in his Thigh, half an Inch the mufcu- of the end of it was hanging out, which was flat and blackiſh, and lar Fleſh there iſſued out a thin Ichor by its fides. I was told that the only of Negroes coming Remedy for this Diftemper was to draw it out by degrees every day fiom lome fome upon a round piece of Wood, as a piece of Tape or Ribbond. After they have pulld it all out, they apply a Plaiſter to the was aſſured that if any part of this Worm, which is render and very long, and requires great care in the management of it, fhould chance to break within the Skin, that there follows an incurable Ulcer. ob or A Negro luſty Fellow, was taken ill of the Taws, he had not been long from Guinea, and was all broke out into hard whitiſh ſwellings, fome greater, ſome leſſer, from the bigneſs of a Bean to that of a Pins Of the Head, of which laſt ſize there were many which appear'd like the u Glands of the Skin ſwelld and white. When cheſe Tumours are large, they are uſually white at top, from ſome of the Cuticula and Hu- mours dried lying in Scales over it, and ſometimes they weep out an Ichor. At other times the Ulcers are much larger. They likewiſe complain ſometimes of great pains in the Bones, and this Fellow, whom I cur’d, was broke our very much about the Penis, Scrotum, and Elbows. I Aux'd him by Unction in the Corner of an Out- Houſe, feeding him with as much Watergruel as he could eat or drink. of The Flux proceeding as it ought to do, he was quite clear’d of this filthy Diſtemper, only on his Elbow he had one lwelling, not quite moc dry, to which I applied calcin'd Vitriol, which made the Scales fall off, and heal as the reſt. This Diſtemper is thought to be contagious, and to be communi- cated from one to another, from Blacks to Whites, and from Parents to Children, but I cou'd n't obſerve it to be more or leſs contagious than the Pox. There are few Plantations without ſeveral of theſe Diſeas'd Perſons, who are uſually cur'd as above. Though 'tis commonly thought that fuxing does not cure without Relaple, yer I, by what I could obſerve, find it does, and do believe the return of this Dif- o ano eafe comes from their not being thoroughly flux'd by anointing, or by being kept too warm, or wrong treated afterwards, whence fome Remains of it ſtaying behind in the Body, theſe Dregs by Degrees bring the ſame Diſtemper again, Ic 370 1 The Introduction. cxxvii It is commonly thought that this Diſtemper is curable without fluxing by Purgers, but I could never find it ſo, or that there were what is pretended by many, Negros who underſtand by ſome Speci- fic Herbs to root it out. I believe that Purgers, &c. may, as in the Pox, take away ſome of the Symptoms for a while, fo that ſometimes they may not appear in a conſiderable time, and afterwards may ſhew themſelves the ſame as at firſt. Some ſorts of this Diſtemper ſeem to me to be the Elephantiaſis or true Leprofie of the Antient and Arabian Phyſicians. Others faid to have this Diſeaſe were plainly Scrophulous, or had the Kings-Evil ; and moſt ſaid to have it, had the Lues Venerea. Though this Diſeaſe is thought to be propagated by ordinary Converſation, or trampling with the bare Feet on the Spittle of thoſe affected with it, yet it is moft certain, that it is moſtly communicated to one another by Copulacion, as ſome other contagious Diſeaſes are. into moto 6970bnOJ Dann Several Negros belonging to Mr. Batchelor, had after Rain gather'd Muſhrooms, and eat them plentifully in their Pepper-pots, or Oglio's. whence they all fell into a vomiting and purging with great anxiety. Of the bad They after a while recover’d,all except one. He had, beſides the afore- Effects of ſaid Symptoms, ſuch as are common to a Rheumatiſm from in-rooms. Alam’d Blood. His Head was very much affected, having a Vertigo, &c. on which accounts, as well as the others, he was immediately bled. I order'd him a Contemperating cooling Diet, to take off the Heat and Acrimony of the Blood, as drinking much water, 66 and.in a while, he was perfectly well of his pains as well as Diarrhea, which had continued on him a great while after his eating the Muſh- rooms. Mackarels ſalted, and beat up with Soot and Salt into a Poulteſs applied to the Feet, were uſed in this caſe, and are reckon'd to draw very powerfully from the Head, Several Gentlemen, fome years before, were all very dangerouſly ill after eating Muſhrooms, and one died: the Symptoms all fhewing (as I was informed) great Inflammation of the Blood and inward parts. Orada bas peqoid doms hubas A luſty ſtrong Negro Woman belonging to Captain Halſtead, had a very unſeemly ſuperficial Ulcer on her Wriſt. She had likewiſe Veneres. one on her Forehead, and pains all over her Body. She alſo ſpoke a little through her Noſe, and brought thence very often ſome mu- cous Matter. I ſalivated her in the corner of an Out-houſe, by Unblo ction, and deſired ſhe might be fed with as much Watergruel as ſtre could eat, whereby in a Months Time ſhe was quite cured. She had been in the Hands of ſeveral Phyſicians, who did not apprehend this to be chc Pox, and therefore had in vain given her ſeveral ſorts of Phyfick. Wellington Of the Luleå cxxviii The Introduction. ter which followed a Quinfie. Of Gonor- whæas. chociwe last og med de grotlo plnomosyal en Wellington, a Boy of ſeventeen years of Age, had a Bubo rofe in his Groin. I advis d immediately the ripening of it, as the means to prelerve him from the Pox, which not being done, he broke out all over.) could not get any to receive him into their Houſe, becauſe of the Diſeaſe, nor a Nurſe to look after him, but a Mulatto, who after his Flux was rais’d, neglected him in not giving him ſufficient Of a Sali- Drink, &c.- Notwithſtanding his Salivation went precty well on, vation, af- and he was ciear'd all over. Being neglected by his Nurſe, ſome body brought him Tarts, made of unripe Fruit, which he ear. By Tertian and this means and coming into the Air, his Flux ſtopt in ſome meaſure, but with care his Salivation returned, and he came abroad well. He drank Wine preſently to ſuch exceſs that he made himſelf Mad. A Tertian Fever, which was very Epidemical, likewiſe ſeiz’d him. To the other Symptoms of this Fever in him, was join d a ſwell?d Throat, which increas’d to that degree in this perſon, who had by occaſion of his late Salivation, a diſpoſition to the Humours coming that way, that he fell into a Quinfie, and ſo died. trods una bas mootoM Onded over 1519 w goiging brightsimoy sowie den 20 239 -Gonorrheas of all forts amongſt. Men and Women are very coni- amooi mon here, eſpecially in Plantations amongſt Negroes. They com- plain firſt of the great heat of their water, &c. and have the ſame Symptoms as in Europe. I us’d to purge with Merc. Dul. and Pil . Coch. Min. &c. which took away moſt of the Symptoms. If theſe Medicines did not take place I gave Vomits of Infuſ. Croc. Metall. or Turpeth. Mineral, which in fome time never failed the Cure of any, either Man or Woman, with the uſe of Emulſions. I never gave Adſtringents, becauſe there is no certainty in this method when the Cure is perfect. It is generally believed in Europe, that Gomorrhæas and the Pox, are with more eaſe, and ſooner, cured in Jamaica and hot Countries, than in Europe. I was of the opinion of the genera- licy of the World when I went to Jamaica, but found as the Diſeaſe was propagated there the ſame way, and had the ſame Symptoms and Courle amongſt Europeans, Indians and Negroes, to it requir’d sono the ſame Remedies and time to be curd. Vox Vignol fol A volivil bachiodfiW 1 no 1910 Inigol yimeline - A black Man, of about forty Years of Age, told me he had great pains about his Navel, ſo that he could not ſleep, he was in a cold Belly-ach. Swear, in great pain, and had not been at Stool in four days. I gave him immediately about fifteen Grains of Pil. Coch. Min. on which he found fudden relief, for it wrought four or five times in the night, he raking it pretty late about fix a Clock at night. The next day I gave him about fix Grains of the fame Pill to preſerve him from a Re- lapſe, and in three or four days obſerving that method he was well, grotymi w One Of the The Introduction cxxix the Sto- mobbne slobosisiyaya aid ? 2970 boodle One Mountague, a Shoemaker, aged forty five, complain’d of a Of an op- preffion at great oppreſſion at his Stomach. I gave him Infuſ. croci Metal. an Ounce, and Syr. Cariophyll. Q. S. ad gratiam. He took it, it wrought machi very well upwards and downwards, and he was cured. da bodo I was ſent for to a Servant of about Twenty years of Age. Histo Miſtreſs had given him a Vomit of an Infuſ. Croc. Metal. It had of an Hy- wrought him upwards and downwards, till he was ſeized with Jos occa- the Cramp, and violent pains in his Hands and Feet. He was in a lion'd by cold Sweat, and his Palle faint. The Miſtreſs, for her vindication, Infufion of ordered her Servant to ſhow me how much ſhe had given, who Crocus Memi pour'd the Infuſion our muddy. I perceiv'd the cauſe of the Super- Purgation to come from the Powder, or the ſubſtance of the Crocus Metallorum, having been taken inſtead of the clear Infuſion. I or- der'd him burnt Wine, and deſign’d to have given him an Opiar, buc he was well without ir. tallorum. 19 con 1 the Sto- Mr. Thomas Rowe, about Forty five years of age, ſent for me in Feb. 1688. I was told he had the Belly-ach. He complain’d very much of a great oppreſſion at his Stomach, and of a load there, he - 10 vomited every thing he took, whether Liquids or Solids, had a pale yellow look, and the whites of his Eyes were yellow, he had been fick a month. I concluded it to be the Jaundice in a great meaſure, of an op- and gave him about fifteen Grains of Pil. Coch. Min. made into two preſſion at Pills, to try whether by that means the Stomach might not be mach and emptied of its Load, an irritation at the ſame time made in the Gurs Vomiting. to ſolicite the excrements downwards, contrary to that motion in him from the Stomach upwards, which was preternatural. Immediately the Pills came up. I therefore ordered him next morning to have thin Watergruel ready to work off a Vomit eaſily, which according ly was done very early, becauſe of the hear. His Vomit was Infuſ. Croc. Metal. Six Drams, Syr. Cariophyl. L. S. ad gratum faporem. This wrought very well, firſt upwards, then downwards, and he found himſelf very much reliev'd and eas’d. I follow'd the ſtroak, and we gave him next morning Fifteen Grains of Pil. Coch. Min. in two Pills, they wrought him pretty ſeverely, bur he found himſelf reliev'd of all his Diſeaſes except weakneſs. I wiſh'd him to get this off by taking an exact care of his Diet, that it were eaſie of Digeſtion and pleaſant to his Palate, and that he ſhould very carefully avoid taking away any Blood or making uſe of Phyſick till further occaſion. midagi yldstabilnoo mail stor bar basamol to mnie Mr. Ridley a Painter, fent for me, he complain'd of great pains in all his Muſcles and Fleſh, he look'd very ill, and was yellow, 330 - (kk) eſpecially CXXX The Introduction, -O uſe of the Limbs. eſpecially the whites of his Eyes, vomited often, and went ſeldom -com 10 to Stool. He told me he had pains in his Sides, and that he had been 33 no 50 bled twice for them. I gave him preſently fome Sal Prunella about Of an op- half a Dram in a Glaſs of water, he took it, had a Stool, and was preffion at eas'd of his pains. His inclinations to Vomit continued violent, mach, and wherefore I gave him the Vomit preſcribed in the laſt Obſervation. lofs of the This immediately reliev'd him of his vomiting, and after it had wrought well both upwards and downwards, he loft altogether the uſe of his Hands and Feet, but was very much at eaſe. I delu'd him to take now and then ſome Pil. Coch. Min. about Seven Grains in To rotone Pill, to keep his Body open for fear of a Relapſe, which he did. He complain’d of fainting Fits, and cold Sweats, eſpecially on ſtriving to get up to Stool. I gave him a Cordial to take now and then a Ipoonful or two of, when faint or cold. It was made of Aq. Epidem. font. of each Four Ounces, Syr. Cariophyll. l. S. ad gra- tum ſaporem. He recovered by theſe Medicines his health and ſtrength llow very well. Child. I was on the eighteenth of February 1688. in the evening con. ſulted for a Child of a year old. It was breeding Teeth, had fix ot Of Con- feven Convulſions the ſame day and had been cup'd. I gave two Fits in a Spoonfuls of the following mixture to the Child, and order'd it to be repeated every fourth hour. Recipe Ol. Succin. Opt. gutt. iv. Sacchar. -qo no alb. Q. S. fiat Eleoſaccharum. Sp. C. C. gtt. iv. Cinnab.gr. iv. aq. font. Skruncias quatuor M. I left a Bottle of the Spirit of Hartſhorn for the has do Child to ſmell to, if it had any more Fits, and ordered bliſtering in greinto the Neck. They neglected this, and pretended that the Fits came fo faft on the Child that it could not be done. On the nineteenth in the morning they fent for another Phyſician, and about noon the Child died. The Fathers name was Green.d quem alligada Gribious bitin sa sirgo Vs flo row og vis foun A Child about Ten years of age was brought to me by the Mo- Of a Verti-ther which had had for ſome days ſo great a Vertigo that it could not go alone for reeling. I immediately ordered it to be bled, to Seven Ounces, out of any appearing Vein, and the next morning I gave the Purge following. Recipe Maſ. Pil. Coch. Min. gr. 15. f. Pil. ii. ſa deglutire pilulas non poffit diffolve in S. Q. aq. font. e f. potio. After this the Child was well. This abawalcolid aid Ils bas notagil to att al aid io si TAX gnish One Iſaac, belonging to the Crawle Plantation, was taken very ill, he had a Vomiting and Looſeneſs, which had been violent on him for ſome time, and had weakned him conſiderably. I gave him fome Liq. Laud. which ſtopt the Vomiting, and ſome Sp. C. C. to ftrengthen him. By the uſe and repetition of theſe Medicines on ylioggia occafi- go. The Introduction. CXXXI of an ill Of flood- occafion he recover'd very well, but would not be perſuaded to riſe out of Bed. He thought himſelf very ill, that he ſhould not live, but certainly dye of this Illneſs, his mind being very much of one funk within him, I advis’d the People about him to chear him as who dyed much as poſſible, to eaſe his mind, and get him up out of Bed. opinion of He died being very moroſe and ſeem'd to have no Diſtemper his Health on him but Sullenneſs and Melancholy, and though I took much and Me- lancholy. pains to examine bim nicely, I could find no Diſeaſe, but only he ſaid he was fure', ſay what I could, that he would not recover. The Pallions of the Mind, both Hope and Fear, have a very great can influence on the Body: zballone BySWI Sing to A Lady about Thirty five years of Age, little, of a Sanguine Conſtitution, the Mother of many Children, at the Birth of each of them had ſo copious a Flux of the Lochia that it endanger'd her life. She had about a month of her Reckoning yet to come, when, without any extraordinary occaſion, ſhe was taken with great pains, as if ſhe were to be delivr’d; they were ſoon follow'd by a very copious Flux of Blood. I was ſent for, and cook with me all manner of Adſtringenrs, as well as Forcers, to endeavour ing. the Birth of the Child, for in ſuch a caſe when the Foetus keeps the capacity of the Uterus diſtended, 'tis impoſſible to ſtop the Flux of Blood till the Woman is delivr'd. Therefore if the flood. ing be not eaſily ſtopt, the beſt way is to force it away, whereby the Veſſels of the Uterus being corrugated, the Blood by degrees ita 151 be ftops of its felf . This muſt be endeavour'd by all means without a delay, for in the Blood is the Life. Though I baftened all I could The was expiring when I came, and had ſuffered a very extraordinary Flux of Blood, was delivered three quarters of an hour before ſhe died, and had been bled ſome hours before. If this dangerous Diſtemper had been timely remedied, by forcing the Child away, the Mother might in all human probability have been fav’d. It is ordinary that the Menstrue Purgationes here, are both leſs in quan- city, and continue for a ſhorter time than they do in Europe. Dhe Srbon stom bom bombas Mrs. Aylmer, aged about Thirty five years, a ſpare lean Woman, giving fuck to one of her Children Thirteen months old, was taken very ill in an Epidemic Conſtitution of an intermitting Fever. The Paroxiſms returned ſometimes every day, and at other times every of an In- other day. She had gone through ſeveral Febrifuge Courſes of Vo-termitting mits, Gentian-Roots, Centaury the leſſer tops, Carduus Bened. Swea- ters, &c. without relief. She complaind of her feverilhneſs and a no OV pain on the Region of her Spleen, which was ſomewhat ſwell’d. vd Berto The Fits of her Fever decreaſed upon taking the Cort. Peru. I ad- Fever. vis'd сxxxii The Introduction, . Of a ſick- nefs at Sto. mach. vis'd her to wean her Child, both on her own, and the Childs ac- count, ſhe being weak, and her Milk perhaps not very healthy, but ſhe would not. I advis'd her to a gentle Vomit, bitter Draughts, and what I moſt relied on, a Steel Courſe, with which ſhe reco vered perfectly her Health. She was ſometime after taken Ill of a Quinfie, which by Bleeding and Purging was taken off, the ſwel- ling was not very dangerous, being not ſo much in the Throat, as Mandibles and Cheeks. milanina og anisa Szwad bis Loveney, a very ſenſible Negro Woman of Colonel Ballards, com- plain'd very much of a great illneſs, at and about her Stomach, with which ſhe was always out of order. I gave her a Vomit of Infuſ. Croc. Metal. ſweetned with Syr. Cariophyll . which working very well , ſhe was cur'd of all her Indiſpoſicions had lurk'd about her for ſeveral years. When tough and phlegmatic humours oppreſs the Stomach, 'tis hard to remove them but by a Vomit. The reaſon is, becauſe the way out of the Stomach by the Oeſophagus is ſhort and ſtraight, by the Guts it is long, and theſe humours are apt to ſtick in their many turnings and Cells. ola to mula migogov sva boe Sore Eyes, inflam'd, and painful, are very ordinary here. I was always the more fearful of an inflammation of the Eyes, in that I have obſery'd moſt Diſeaſes of the Eyes, and even ſometimes a Of Inflam- Cataract to begin with an Inflammation there. I therefore imme- mation, diately order'd luch perſons to be bled, and purgd ſo often as ſeem'd and other requiſite, which with bliſtering in the Neck ſeldom miſs’d to cure the Eyes. any of them, unleſs the diſtemper came by much Venery, which was not to be cur'd any other way but by theſe Medicines and Ab- {tinence from it. I uſed outwardly to drop into the Eyes a little Roſe-water, into which is put the ſubtile powder of Lapis Cald- minaris, Tutia. Theſe Powders are made fine by mixing them with Roſe-water, and letting the groſs powder ſubſide, the fine and impalpable remaining in the Body of the water. Whites of Eggs beat up with Alum is good applied outwardly, fo is Lime-juice and water. But a Mucilage of Pſyllium-Seeds, Quince-Seeds, Saffron, and Lin-Seed, is much more Anodine in hurts than any other. Any Powder in ſuch a caſe grates the tender Eye, is very painful, aud increaſes the Inflammation. Whites of Eggs ſtick ſo faſt to the Eyelids, that the force uſed in pulling them off ſometimes in- jures the Eye. bos ban In todo bedbodo A Black Boy of John Youngs, about twelve years of Age, was very ill of an Epidemic Tertian, there was very little intermilion. cured by I gave him the Cortex Peruv. as uſually. He voided a great quan- tity of Worms by Stool, and was perfectly cured.io Mrs. Bal- Of a Terti- an with Worms, Peru. The Introduction, сxxxiii fcaild Of a great tion of the A young Gentlewoman, about Twelve years of Age, had for ſeveral months a few Puſtles broke our on the hairy Scalp, they were red, and when dry'd turn'd into ſmall Scabs or Scurf. I thought it was beſt to Cure them cautiouſly, and had her firſt bled to about Six Ounces. She was the next day purgʻd with Jalap in Chocolate, and of a ſcab- afterwards took for ſome Weeks Flos Sulph. in the morning and by or evening, drinking after it a good draught of Dier Drink. I thought lead. it ſafe after theſe Medicines to anoint the eruptions with Ung, ex Oxylapath, made thick with Flos Sulph. There was drop'd ſome Oil of Rhodium into it, to take off the ill ſmell. This Ointment was rub'd firſt all over the Head, then on any place where any ſpot ap. pear'd, obſerving the eruptions carefully for a while. Sie was per- fectly cured. anillo sa I was deſir'd to look on a Servarit of Mrs. Copes, he had been very inflamma- weary, and by advice of ſome ignorant Perſon wafh'd his Feet and Legs in a Decoction of Phyfick Nut-Tree-Leaves, whereby the Legs and whole Feet and Legs were rais’d inco inflam’d Bliſters, ſome of Feet by which were turn d into ſuperficial Ulcers. I advis'd the voiding the them in a hot Serum by clipping open the Bladders, applying fome Baſilicum, Decoction and at the ſame time to Purge with Jalap ſeveral times, To hinder of Phyfick- the Defluxion of Humours into the part, I adviſed keeping of it Leaves. O up, for which purpoſe lying in Hamaca is very effe&ual. He was ஜitis cured. 02 aniquila gurbold 1011bro otto and obwog noko 9 g vlotsibormi eisva A Gentleman, aged about Forty years, had been very much given to Venery and Drinking. His Face was yellowiſh, his Belly very much ſwell’d, he could not ſleep nor make water, had no Stomach, and complain’d of great uneaſineſs, eſpecially in his Back. I purg'd him with Jalap, which was too weak. I therefore gave him ſome of a Diagridium about Two Scruples, which wrought very plentifully, but Drophe. . did no good, his Belly continuing as much ſwelld as ever. He took all manner of Clyfters and Diuretics, but without any ſucceſs. I was for perſiſting in purging Medicines, and after the watery humours had been voided, I had reſolved to have given him Steel Medicines, not forgetting bitter Stomachics and Exerciſe. He was perfuaded out of this method to take Steel, and ſome Alcerative Arcana's, whicha ſtopt up his Belly, ſo that in a great many days he had not been ac Stool nor ſlept. I gave him in theſe Circumſtances a Doſe of Jalap and Diagridium mixc, which wrought very well, and at night a very eaſie Opiat, with which he flept very well. He was perfuaded to alter my Medicines, and took a ſtrong Opiat, as I believe, for he came to Town dos’d, had ſlept all the way, and could ſcarce be (11) awak'd 1975 CXXXIV The Introduction. I awak'd till he died. I had him bliſtered, gave him (trong Purgers, held irritating Medicines to his Noſe, G. and did all things I could think of to raiſe him out of his Sleep, but to no purpoſe. Fevers. Intermitting Fevers of all kinds, were very Epidemic all over the Iſland when I was there, ſo that the third part of Marikind were taken ill of them, from Children at the Breaſt to old aged People. They were generally very violent, ſo that idle talking, light-headed- neſs, &c. were ordinary, and they very ſeldom yielded to any of the common febrifuges, but generally grew worſe on the ule of them, and laſted a very great while. In theſe Fevers if the Per- ſon died not by the violence of the Fever, but recovered, they were often very much diſcolour’d, ſallow, Cachectic, and uſually had ſwellings in the left Sides, called Ague Cakes, which were very painful, and in time kill'd them. At other times a Dropſic follow'd, which rarely miſs’d, but certainly brought deach. Theſe intermitting Fevers, and drinking extravagantly, I look on to be the reaſon of Dropſies being ſo common here. I us’d, if fent for in the Fit, to give ſome Medicine forwarding the motion of Nature, to as if I found the Patient Vomiting, I would help it forward, by warm water, a Feather, &c. If hot and thirſty, I ſuffer'd him to drink cool Drinks as much as he pleas’d, and if I found the Fit going Of inter- off by Sweat, I gave ſome Sp C. C. in Decocto Salvia vel roriſmarini, mitting to forward that. If the Fever affected the Head very much, I gave order for Bleeding, Bliſters, Cupping, &c. So ſoon as the Fit was over, I immediately gave the Cortex Peru, in powder about one Dram every four hours in a Glaſs of water, till they had taken Two Ounces of it. If there was ſufficient time in the day before the next return to give Six Drams of the Bark, then I troubled them not in the night, but if the Symptoms were dangerous, and little intermil. fion, I order'd it to be given as well in che night as in the day. If it purgʻd violently I gave it in a Bolus with Conſerv. Rol. into which was dropt a very little quantity of Laudanum to take of its purging quality, which infringes in ſome meaſure its vertue. If it purgd only the firſt or ſecond Dole eaſily, there was no need of any thing, for very often afterwards it would bind up the Belly. According to the preſent Circumſtances of the Conſtitution of a Man, or Seaſon of the Year, it purges or purges not with him. I adviſed Chil- dren ſhould take it in Chocolate well ſweetned. Sometimes gave it in Pills made up with Gum Tragacanth. Mucilage. The beſt and eaſieſt way of giving ic is in fair water ſweerned with Syr. Cariophyll. and aromatiz'd with Cinamon water. I uſually after the Fir was off begun to give it them, or ſo foon as they found themſelves a little eaſie. I found the caſe urgent I gave it at any (11) time The Introduction. CXXXV time in the intermillion, and although ſome times I have obſerv'd on giving is about four hours before the Fit, that the Fever came more violenciy on the Patient than before, yet I never could find the giving of it then dangerous. This I was firſt taught by giving it accidentally to one whoſe Fit anticipated its time, or came ſooner than he expected, coming from a Tertian to a double Tertian or Quotidian. Several Chymiſts and Apothecaries in England and France pretend to an Extract or Tincture of this Bark of equal vertue with it, which becauſe of the unpleaſant taſt of the Powder, in ſub- ſtance were very valuable, but on giving both Tincture and Extract in the Doſes preſcribed, they are found far leſs effe&ual than the bark in ſubſtance. Although where the Powder in ſubſtance cannot be taken, theſe are the next beſt Remedies, yet they are not to be depended upon. 'Tis moſt certain that the Scomach and Gurs, with their juices, ſurpaſs all Artificial Veſſels and Menſtruums in Extracting what is beneficial from this Simple, and that no Art is able to make fo effectual a Medicine out of it , as the Bark its ſelf, as it happens in many other caſes. This Powder, when I went to Jamaica, was in very great diſrepute here, inſomuch that it was charg’d with the death of leveral People, whereas the ignorant way of giving it was the cauſe of its diſgrace. The Inhabitants uſed to Purge after it to take away the Relicks of the Powder, which never miſſes bringing a Relapſe. They likewiſe faild in not giving ſo great a quantity as was fufficient, or as it ought to be given. They uſed only juſt before the coming on of the Fit, to give ſo much as might prevent it, with- out any farther regard to the Fever. Avoiding theſe Rocks, wich the bleſſing of God I never mift the cure of Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan, in whatever Age or Sex, and although I have given it to ma- ny hundreds, yet I never knew any bad conſequence on its uſe, which with juſtice I could aſcribe to it, but always a perfect recovery. Indeed it will not cure all Diſeaſes, neither will it touch upon a con- cinual Fever, but in this laſt, I think, if any prejudice ariſe to the Patient by it, 'tis only that it muſt be taken in large quantities, and hinder perhaps the taking of more proper Remedies. It very often works by inſenſible Perſpiration, and ſometimes by Sweat, the Patient having a breathing, and ſometimes more copious Sweat every night after taking it. Intermitting Fevers here, are callid Fe- vers and Agues. A Phyſician who had practis'd many years in Bar- bados, told me there was no ſuch Diſtemper there, and that from the Leeward Iſlands (where it was common) they came thicher, and were cur’d by that Air. The cauſe of the great frequency of the Agues in Jamaica, at ſome times of the years, are the Rains which fall lo violently, and continue ſo long as that the low Plains are for ſome time covered with water. Hither Aquatic Birds, and thoſe that are Waders so CXXXvi The Introduction. Waders, or live Circa aquas, reſort at thoſe Seaſons, and from theſe waters, I take it, proceed the intermitting Fevers in Jamaica, as they come in the Hundreds of Eſex, and other fenny and marſhy Coun- tries of England. Theſe ſituations are covered, becauſe in the Neigh- bourhood of ſuch Marſhes generally the Lands are very Fertile, fuch waters inriching the Soil very much. It is very common for this Diſtemper, when Epidemie, to have all other Diſeaſes run into it, as you may lee by the following in tances. Captain B. aged about Thirty years, Sanguine in his Conſtitution, of the his Stomach being out of order, whereby he eat little, was taken Belly-ach, very ill with all the Symptoms of the Belly-ach, viz great pains about his Navel, Vomiting, chick muddy Urin, &c. He had given him Purgers of all forts, Clyfters,&c. by which he was reliev'd. He had a Relapſe again in a while, as uſual in this Diſtemper. He had ſome eaſie Opiats, etc. but theſe Medicines, and whatever elſe he rook, though fometimes alleviating the Diſtemper, yet rooted it not out till I obſerv'd it had form’d its ſelf into a Tertian chen reign- ing. This Fever run very high, affecting his Head very much, buc by the Cortex Peru, given him as it ought to be, canie co be very well. and inter- mitting Fevers, Fever. The Lady Watſon, aged about Fifty years, very fat, was taken ill of a great Cold, ſhe was ſomewhat feveriſh, and had a very great Of an wheezing Cough, and difficulty of breathing. Her Fever increaſing Afthma, with her wheeſing, I had her bled, made her ingredients of Amber, midlinger - Roſemary, Betony and Sage, to ſmoke as Tobacco is taken, with which ſhe found ſome relief at preſent. I likewiſe gave her a Bolus of a ſmall quantity of Laud. Lond. in a little Theriac. Andr. by which lhe was reliev'd. Norwithſtanding theſe Remedies ſhe had very great and dangerous returns of it, wherein I repeated the fame Me dicines, and gave her ſome Diet-Drink, or Decoct. ex Lign. &c. All theſe avail'd not, till I obſerv'd the Diſeaſe had form’d its ſelf ieder into a Tertian, when by the giving of the Cortex ſhe was perfectly cur'd. Boa noitsiglio Sir Francis Watſon, aged Fifty five years, had been for many years troubled with wheeſing and an Aſthma. He had it not in England, and in Jamaica uſually ſlept in a Hamaca, wherein he was ſwung in the evening for ſome hours, and then roſe wheeling. He drank Wine for it very liberally, which uſually gave a prelent relief, buc he was reſtleſs, and hot all night after, with his Tongue furr’d in the morning, had no Stomach to eat, and was very dry. I gave him an eaſie Vomit, and afterwards a bitter Wine, and advis d him againſt ſleeping in the Hamaca ; and drinking Wine, but he would sto Of the fame. continue The Introduction, CXxxvii continue them. I gave him frequently Bolus's with Ther. Andr. and a little Laud. but they dos’d him too much, although they cur’d him always when ill of a cold. At Port-Royal, on drinking hard he fell very ill of a great Cold and Fever, which although I endeavour’d, by all means I could think of, to remedy, he being dangerouſly ill, yet I could not, till I found it form its ſelf into a Quartane, when giving him the Cortex, he recover'd intirely. For his Aſthma the beſt Remedy I found was a Diet Drink of China, Sarſa, &c. made freſh every night, and continued for three or four months, every day, by which I chought him extremely reliev'd. It very often falls out in intermitting Fevers,that during the time of the Firs or Paroxyſms, there will happen very dangerous Symptoms as Deliria, Convulſions, Aſthmas, Gc. according to the Conſtituci- on of the Perſon or year. I have obferv'd all of them if they return periodically to be cur’d by the Bark, notwithſtanding the fooliſh opinions of ſome who pretend that that Remedy locks up or binds the humours in the Blood, Head or Breaſt. That Opinion has been the cauſe of the Death of many Perſons, deterring Phyſicians from giving what was proper. One Cornwall's Daughter, about Twenty five years of age, giving of one fuck, was taken very ill of an intermitting Fever . I advis'd her to Suck, who wean her Child, or get another Nurſe, ſhe would do neither, nor was taken would ſhe take any effectual Medicines her ſelf. The Fever by neg- lect lurke about her a long time before ſhe was well. The Child termitting Fever, and then grew very dangerouſly ill, but by the help of pulvis de given frequently, the Child recovered. mo A Luſty Woman was taken with an intermitting Fever, and all the Symptoms of a beginning Conſumption, as a very violent of an in- Cough and Looſeneſs, Atrophie, &c. I gave her ſome Creta made termitting into a white Drink like Decoét. Alb. and Laudanum for the Looſe-a Cough, nels. I gave her the Cortex Peru. for the Fever and Ague, which ſhe Looſeneſs , had every night. The Fever being by this Remedy taken off, the other Symptoms, which ſeemed dangerous, preſently vaniſhed. with an in- gutteta, the the effects Cher Milk had on the Child. and Wafta ing A Servant of Mr. Fletchers was very ill with all the Symptoms of a beginning Conſumption. He had Exacerbations and intermiffi of the ons, for which reaſon I gave him the Cortex, whereby the Fever be fame. ing taken off, the other Symptoms left him. It is very ordinary towards the latter end of a Conſumption for the Patient in the evening to be cold, ſhiver and quake, as one in che beginning of the Paroxyſme of an intermitting Fever, which ne- (mm) verthelels CXXXViji The Production. bo Of an vertheleſs goes on till death, norwithſtanding the giving the Cortex or any other Remedies. This I have ſeen happen in many, in ſeveral parts of the World, bricot biciburan 197 Mr. Nich. Philpot, aged about Forty five years, living at Rio ď Oro above Sixteen Mile Walk towards the North fide, in the time of Rains in the North parts, and a North Wind withal, was taken very ill of a great Aſthma. He could not ſleep lying, but in a Chair fitting ſtraight up, and even very little this way, having a very great wheeling and tickling Cough. Conſidering it threatned his life every minute, he was brought to Town, and committed to my care. I order'd him immediately to be bled to Ten Ounces, and a bliſtering Plaiſter to be put to his Neck. I gave him a Bolus where- in there was a ſmall Doſe of Laud. Lond. By the help of this he ſlept in a more declining Pofture, and eaſier than before I gave him in the morning ſome Balf. Sulph. and ſome Sp. C.C. Ol. Tereb. or Opoball. changing theſe Medicines now and then one for another. He fell ill again, I repeated what I had done, and after the violence of the Diſeaſe was over, I gave him a Decoctum ex lignis, by which he was cured. Aſthma. Of the fame. Melan- Mrs. Thoroughgood was taken ill after the fame manner of this Orthopnea. I bled her, and gave her Diet-Drink, and ſhe was well. dov One Barret, of about Twenty years of age, thin, and of a ſwarthy Complexion, complain'd to me of fainting Fits, and a great Of Hypo- many indiſpoſitions afflicted him. I took them all to be Hypochon- chondriac driacal, and order'd him a Steel Courſe for them, which ſo ſoon as choly. it took place entirely cured him. It is not very ordinary (though it ſometimes happens) to find labouring Men troubled with this Di- ftemper as this Patient was, who was very diligent, and wrought hard about a Pen of Cattle, and ſmall Plantation he had fome few Gara Miles out of Town. He had taken ſeveral Medicines and Courſes zlorais before, amongſt the reſt Steel, which not being given as it ought to be, had no ways reliev'd him. I ſuppoſe it had been given with Purgers. Mr. Molines, aged about Twenty fix years, of a Sanguine Com- plexion, and Plethoric Body, ſent for me on March 18. 1688. He we was on board a Ship bound for England, and could ſcarce ſpeak or breath, he had been fick for two days, complaining extreamly of Of a Pleu-a great pain in his Shoulder , or rather inſide of the Pleuro anſwering that part, which increas'd on breathing high, fighing or coughing. He had likewiſe a ſhort Cough. It was taken by all for Sea-ficknels, buc riſie. The Introduction. сxxxix ter. but I told them I thought they were deceived. I forthwith ordered him to be bled in the Arm to about Ten Ounces, and gave him a Linétus of Sugar Candy and Oil , and a Pectoral Decoction of Barly, Liquoriſh, Raiſins, &c. He immediately found himſelf much bet- I ordered him to continue this, and to take of Crabs-Eyes, and Sal Prunelle, of each half a Dram, and to ſwallow morning and evening the half on't, drinking afterwards a Pectoral Draught, and in caſe of a Relapſe I ordered him to be bled. The Ship Chi- surgeon, contrary to my deſire, gave him a Vomit, he himſelf knowing nothing of it till it was down. I was ſent for after it had wrought five or fix times upwards and downwards, and found him in very great anxieties, with a ſmall Pulſe, Cramps or Convulſions, cold Sweat, cold Hands, Arms, Feet and Legs. I gave him pre- fently ſome Aq. Cinam. with Syr. Cariophyll . Some Fifteen drops of Sp. C. C. order'd him to ſmell to it, gave him ſome burnt Wine, and about half a Grain of Laudanum, after which he was much bet- ter, had a ſmall quiet Sleep, and in ſome hours time ſeem'd much reliev'd. His pains afterwards returned, though not fo violent as at firſt. I bled him twice on two ſeveral days, and with Decoctunt bordei, Sugar-Candy and Sallec Oil bear up together, he was cured. A while after he ſpit up very much purulent matter, but an eaſie Opiat, and theſe Remedies perfected the cure. from too much One aged about fixty years, in the Dog-days had been ſo much troubled with faintneſs, as even ſeveral times to fall into Syncopes. I advis’d him to ftir as little as poſſible, to eat good Gelly- brochs, and to take about Ten drops of Sp. CC. every morning and evening in a Glaſs of fair water, by which means he grew of a Le- ſtronger every day, and eſcap'd thoſe Fits he had been troubled thargic, and Apo- withal. To take away his faintneſs , he had preſcribed, as I ap ple&tic Di- prehend, too much Wine and ſpirituous Liquors, which may give itemper preſent relief, but in the end deſtroy. He having us’d this too much in the evenings, appear’d for the moſt part ſomewhat fluftred. On Wine March 22. 1688. he fell into a Lethargic Diſtemper . Ifuppofe faintners the vinous Liquors, by little and little, had made ſo many attempts on his Brain, that at laft it was overcome. He talk'd incoherently, when ask'd a Queſtion would anſwer, though not able to ſpeak many words, his Pulſe was quick and low, and his under Lip had convulſive motions. I ordered him to be bled to Six Ounces, that bliſtering Plaiſters ſhould be applied to the nape of his Neck and Wriſts, that he ſhould be cupt on the Shoulders, that he ſhould have Fifteen drops of Sp. CC given him, and that if his Senles were not very well awaked with theſe methods, but his ſleepineſs increaſed on him he ſhould have ſome Snuff made of White Hela lebore for . cxl The Introduction. lebore put up his Nofe. He fell ſoon into foaming at Mouth, and immediately died in Convulſions. A Gentlewoman, aged about Fifty years, complained to nie ex- treamly of the Belly-ach, ſhe had pains about the Region of the Of the Navel, and all over her Limbs and Body, and had been with all the Belly-ach. Phyſicians of the Iſland. She had the uſe of neither Hands nor Feet, although her Pulle went very well, and was ſtrong. I gave her fome Emulſions of the cold Seeds, and would have had her bled but ſhe was ſo affraid of it ſhe durft not, and would not take any thing elſe. She recovered of that Fit, but fell ill afterwards much after the ſame manner. I gave her as occaſion required fome Pil . Coch, Min. to Fifteen Grains to give her a Stool, which kept her Body open. I had her bled ſeveral times, and deſir’d ſhe would altoge- ther abſtain from Wine. This laſt I inſiſted much This laſt I inſiſted much upon, and gave her much water to drink with Steel, but neither it nor any thing elſe did ſucceed. I attributed this Diſeaſe to Wine, Punch, and Vinous Liquors, but ſhe would not abſtain, alledging that her Stomach was cold, and needed ſomething to warm it. One Evans, very big with Child, about Eight Months, was taken with great pains in her Belly and Loins, as if ready to bring forth. Of danger She had likewiſe great pains in her Body all over. I advis'd her of miſcar- forthwith to be bled, to hinder Abortion, and to afſwage her pains, riage. preſcrib'd here a contemperating cooling Courſe , as is ulual in Rhu- matiſms, and deſir’d her to abſtain from Fleſh and Vinous Liquors for ſome time, with which in a few days ſhe was well. I order'd her to keep her Bed, or be very quiet till it ſhould pleaſe God ſhe were deliver’d, ſhe being extraordinary big, which ſhe did, and was ſafely delivered at the due time. She had about a year before been delivered of three Children at one Birch. Of one to with One aged about Thirty five years, concluded her ſelf for ſome time to be with Child. She found her ſelf in much pain, and af- who fup- ter a Fluxus Menfium, which continued on her fomewhat violent, poſed her ſeveral Phyſicians were conſulted, who adviſed her to Trochiſci de Myrrha, and other very forcing Medicines, and continu'd their uſe Child, for ſome time, although ſhe had her Catamenia in due time. I was conſulted, and adviſed her to take the bitter Wine for her Stomach, that being very much out of order, not to take any other Medicine, bur patiently to expect the event, ſhe did ſo, and found in ſome time that ſhe was better, not with Child, and pretty well. but was not. Colonel sou The Introduction. cxli three fics to cure that Di- Colonel Fuller, aged about Forty five years, very much troubled with the Gour, on taking a Doſe of Jalap in Powder, which wrought copiouſly, fell into a Nauſea, or great inclination to Vomit , and into of a a Looſeneſs. He was troubled with this endeavour to Vomit chiefly Squeam- after Meat. I thought the beſt Remedy was to give him ſome Elixir iſhneſs,and Proprietatis, by that means to remedy his Stomach, and at the ſame after time by making an eaſie irritation downwards to ſtop the motion taking Ja- to vomit after Meals. This in ſome time took place, and he was lap. well. Once in a violent Fit of the Gour he was taken ill of a Looſeneſs, in which I ordered him to take ſome eaſie Opiats, and he was cured. bodo bons mund of moms One Hercules , a luſty Black Negro Overſeer, and Doctor, was of a Negro not only famous amongſt the Blacks in his Maſter Colonel Ful Doctor fa- ler's Plantation, but amongſt the Whites in the Neighborhood, for curing Go- curing ſeveral Diſeaſes, and particularly Gonorrhæas. He had been norrbæas , before troubled with that Diftemper, which he chought yo far from years by the Country Simples he had cur’d, but came to me, complain-being able ing of a very great heat in making water with intolerable pain, and by Speci- ſcalding. Looking upon the part affected, I found he had neglected his Clap, and that Caruncles had grown up and ſtopt almoſt quite ſeaſe, that the paſſage of Urin or Urethra, wherefore Nature had by a Tumour he was ve- and Apoftemation made a paſſage for the Urin in Perinæo. This pal- himſelf . . fage had callous Lips. I order'd him ſome Mercurial Medicines, and would have try'd ſeveral other Remedies for his Cure, had I not foon after left the Iſland. There are many ſuch Indian and Black Doctors, on 70 who pretend, and are ſuppoſed to underſtand, and cure ſeveral Di- ſtempers , but by what I could ſee by their practice, (which becauſe of the great effects of the Jeſuits Bark, found out by them, I look'd inro as much as I could) they do not perform what they prerend, un- leſs in the vertues of ſome few Simples.. Their ignorance of Ana- tomy, Diſeaſes, Method, &c. Tenders even that knowledge of the vertues of Herbs, not only uſeleſs, but even fometimes hurtful to thoſe who imploy them. v centsibil de doo britsol noins How Beste song sro 13 aarono quilos son ob emotamya 903 101 29 odstvo od to Emanuel, a luſty Negro Footman, was ordered over night to get Of a Negra himſelf ready againſt next morning to be a Guide on Foot for about Yembled an hundred Miles through Woods, to a place of the Iſland, to ſeize a great Pirats, who, as the Duke of Albemarle was informed, had there un-Sickneſs, laded grear quantities of Silver, to Careen their Ship. About Twelve a Clock in the night he pretended himſelf to be extraordinary ſick, he lay ſtraight along, would not ſpeak, and diſſembled himſelf in a great Agony, by groaning, oc. His Pulfe beat well, neither had he any toaming at Mouth, or difficulty in breathing. The Euro- (nn) peans cxlii The Introduction. peans who ſtood by thought him dead, Blacks thought him be- witch'd, and others were of opinion that he was poylon'd. I ex- amin'd matters as nicely as I could, concluded that this was a new ſtrange Diſeaſe, ſuch as I had never ſeen, or was not mention'd by any Author I had read, or that he counterfeited it. Being confirm d that it was this latter, and that he could ſpeak very well it hepleas'd, to frighten him out of it, I told the Standers by, that in ſuch a de- Sperate condition as this 'twas ufual to apply a Frying-Pan with burning Coals to the crown of the Head, in order to awake them throughly, and to draw from the Head, and that it was likewiſe an ordinary method to put Candles lighted to their Hands and Feer, that when the flame came to burn them they might be awaked. I ſent two ſeveral People in all haft to get ready theſe things, in the mean time leaving him, that he might bave time to conſider and recover out of this fit of Diſſimulation, which in a quarter of an hour he did, ſo, that he came to ſpeak. I queſtion’d him about his pain, he told me 'twas very great in his back. I told him in ſhort that he was a Diffembler, bid him go and do his buſineſs without any more ado, or elſe he ſhould have due Correction, which was the beſt Remedy I knew for him, he went about his Errand immea diately, and perform'd it well, though he came too late for the Pirats. vd bado logiqod ni odnosa olaca bas I was call d to à Carpenter, a luſty Rogue, who pretended him- ſelf fick of the Belly-ach, he had got a Blanket about his middle, and made wry Faces, bemoaning himſelf very much. He told me, upon examining of him, that he went to Stool very well every day, and did not Vomit, G. I told him that I believ'd he diſſembled, and that if he were well chaſtis'd it would be his beſt Cure, he ſeem'd not to be of that mind, but very ſoon recover'd without any Phyſick. Eglanti 'Tis very ordinary for Servants, both Whites and Blacks, to pre- tend, or diffemble ſickneſs of ſeveral ſorts, but they are very eaſily with attention found out by Phyficians, who are uſed to converſe with Diſeaſes, for the Symptoms do not anſwer one another, and they may, by proper queſtions be diſcovered as Forgeries, Perju- ries, or Lyes. In people who pretend fickneſs, and have none, I us'd, in order to be rid of them, (they never growing better,) to order harſh, yet innocent Remedies, as bliſtering, taking bitter Me- dicines, &c. Thus I uſed to be free'd of their trouble. Sometimes they pretend to have a Cough, but that is eaſie to be ſeen, if feigned, by a more leiſurely great inſpiration than thoſe really troubled with that Diſeaſe can admit off. vo 2013 guid viimidi to to us gros In Of the fame. Of the fame. The Introduction. cxliii 10 In caſe Women, whom I ſuſpected to be with Child, pretended themſelves ill, coming in the name of others, ſometimes bringing their own water, diſſembling pains in their Heads, Sides, Obftru- ctions, ac. thereby cunningly, as they think, deſigning to make the Phyſician cauſe Abortion by the Medicines he may order for their Cure. In ſuch a caſe I uſed either to put them off with no Medi- cines at all, telling them Nature in time might relieve them with this out Remedies, or I put them off with Medicines that will ſignifie nothing either one way or other, till I be further ſatisfied about their of the Malady. 'Tis a very hard matter for a Phyſician in theſe caſes to be danger of certain, but after taking what care he can to inform himſelf, he muſt dicines uſe his diſcretion. If Women knew how dangerous a thing it is to cauſe Abortion, they would never attempt it on any account what-bortion. I know but one caſe beforementioned, which is flooding, wherein ’tis neceſſary, and then 'tis beſt done by the Hand. One may as eaſily expect to ſhake off unripe Fruit from a Tree, without injury or violence to the Tree, as endeavour to procure Abortion without danger to the Mother. This is a moſt certain truth, and I have feen it confirm’d by the fad experience of ſuch, who, upon political conſiderations, to avoid ſcandal , having too many Chil- dren, or the like, had endeavoured, without effect, to procure Abortion, and inſtead thereof had brought themſelves near their ends. which cauſe A ever. One Booker, a Woman of about Thirty five years of Age, was taken very ill with a malignant Fever, ſhe had been bliſtered, and treated after the Cordial way, that is, by giving her great quantities of of a dan- Diafcordium, Ther. Andr. and other Diaphoretics, She was kept hot, ger cured and not ſuffered to drink any thing that was cool. I gave her ſome by a cool eaſie Medicines, as a very little Confectio Alkermes, order'd her a cool-Regimen, ing method, to drink as much cool Drinks as ſhe pleas’d, and by them ſhe was well. Sny Hour Her Husband was ill at the ſame time of a violent Vomiting and Looſeneſs, which had been on him for many days, by drinking to a very great heighth in Canary. He was very much weakned, dry, Of Vomit- and troubled chiefly with the Vomiting. I gave him, conſider-ing and ing his weakneſs, ſome drops of Laud. Liq. and ſome other things from ex- of that nature, to ſtop both Evacuations, but he being fometimes ceffive moroſe and ill-natur’d, and at other times Phrenetic, and ſo not drinking of Canary taking his Medicines as he ought, and withal, his Stomach being lo mightily diſorder'd that noching could ſtay there, in ſome time he died. John cxliv The Introduction. nia from exceffive Punch. John Parker, about Thirty five years of age, a luſty full-blooded Fellow, was much given to drink. He had been caken ill of the Epidemic continual Fever, reigning at firſt when I came to the Inand, and recovered, as others out of it, of which before. Soon Of a Ma- after he committed a great debauch in Rum Punch, after it lying on a cold Marble Floor. He fell from theſe cauſes into a Mania, drinking ſo that he was obſerv'd to ſpeak and act very incoherently, and to of Rum- get up in the night, &c. His rage increas’d to a very high degree, and he died in a very few days, notwithſtanding all the methods uſually followed in theſe caſes. to Roger Flower, a Baker, a ſtrong Man, of about Forty five years of age, of a Sanguine Complexion, and Plethoric, was much given to drink Sengury, or Wine, Sugar and Water in the morning early, continuing till night, thereby endeavouring, as he chouht, to quench his thirſt, and relieve his Spirits. He was taken very ill of a Cha- Of a Cho-lera Morbus, in which his vomitings were very violent. After a fuffi- from the cient Evacuation by Vomic and Stool, helpd on by thin Warer- fame cauſe. gruel, and Chicken-Broath, I endeavour'd to ſtop them with Laudan num, when I thought his Stomach and Gurs ſufficiently wah’d. This reliev'd for ſome Imall time, as it never miſſed the Cure of many others fo Diſeaſed, but he after fome hours fell ill again with Vo- miting and a Phrenſie. I endeavour'd what I could to remedy both the one and the other, but he grew more outragious, and notwith- ſtanding bliſtering, &c. died in a few hours. bolid nobod orillas para Of a Ma- Dick a Poftillion, Plethoric, Choleric, much given to drinking nia' which Rum-Punch, and ſtrong Liquors, fell into a Fever, which chiefly fioned by ſeiz'd his Head, ſo that he was in a very great rage. I treated him exceflive after the cool Regimen, had him bled and bliſtered, but notwith- and had ſtanding this found him ſtill worſe. At length, I learn’d his Nurſe Fits which gave him much Wine and Fleſh, contrary to inſtructions. I or- der'd the contrary, and by the continuance in this courſe, When the Aſpect of the Sun and Moon chang’d, on that very minute, Change of from great rage he came to himſelf, and recovered quite of his Di- 100h. ſtemper . I have in ſeveral perſons obſerved the ſame, but theſe analoo Aſpects which I was ſure to have any effects, were only the Fulls ovih and Changes, ior Oppoſitions and Conjunctions of the Sun and aniini Moon. I have ſeen their effects, principally on Perſons uſed to ex- Gellive drinking, and that chiefly of Brandy, which after ſome time turned them maniacal, with very great Fits, for fome days before and ſometimes after theſe Aſpects. I have not ſeen ſo much of the effects of the Sun and Moon's Aſpects in England and Europe, as ja- bololibamo bateaque maica no basoet ( was occa- follow'd the Full and YED 30 dot The Introduction, cxlv maica, an inſtance of which is before related. I have been able in this Diſeaſe, by conſidering the ſtrength of the Perſon, and the time of the Full or Change, ere it was likely ſuch Fit would end, to fore- tel whether in probability they would out-live the Fits or not, for I could very feldom bring this fort of Diſtemper under by Medicines till that time was over. Fever and Gonorbaa. One aged about Fifty years, little, very Cholerick and Hot, much given to drinking, had been troubled very much with an Aſthma, for which I gave him a Diet-drink, made of Sarſa, &c. which he conti- of an in- nued to take for ſome time, and found great relief. He was taken ill termitting of a Gonorrhed. I gave him ſome purging Mercurial Pills, and Emulſions. He was afterwards ſeized with an Epidemic Fever, be- ing a Tertian, then reigning, for which he being afraid, and not daring, left the Gonorrhea ſhould be ſtopt, to take the Cortex Peru. on the intermitting day I gave him a Vomit of Oxymel. Scillit, and infuſion of Crocus Metall, whereby in a ſmall time it working very well, he was cured of both Diſtempers. A month after he fell ill of great pains in his Reins and Back, and being uſually troubled with Fits of the Stone at that time of the year, he took thoſe Medicines he us’d to find relief in, without any ſucceſs. I gave him all manner of Diuretics, as Sal Prunell. oc. cancr, ol. terebinth. a decoct. of the Roots of Althea, Linſeed, G. A- nodine Fomenrations, c. as well as Ointments and Oils, with- our any relief except ſome caſe for a day or two. He was then advis’d to ſtir much, I thought that hazardous, becauſe it might throw down the Stone, and ſo occaſion a Paroxyſm, but he would do it, and was worſe. I endeavoured to remedy theſe Symptoms by all the ways I could, without ſucceſs, wherefore I Of an Ul- conjectured ſome Abſceſs to be in the Back, or one of the Kidnies. I cer in the bled often, purgʻd eaſily with Callia, &c. gave all manner of Diu- and Gan- recics, but his pain continued. He grew feveriſh and weak, I en-grene in deavour’d to remedy cheſe Symptoms by more cool Medicines, wich- out ſucceſs. He ſent for another, who gave him Diaphoretics and Cordials. He bad an iſſue in his Arm, which being neglected, the Arm inflam'd and ſwelld, to which were applied, Adſtringents, and che humour was repelled, whereby he grew delirous, and had a very ſmall intermitting Pulle. I order'd him fome Diaphoretics to force the repelld matter out again, by which the ſwelling appeared and he was reliev'd. It curn'd to an Apoſtem, and complaining very much of it ſome days after, I had it opened. It appear'd to be of the nature of an Eryſipelas, he was dreft by the Chirurgeon, and in a day it appear'd blackiſh about the Iffue, and diſcolour'd in ſe- veral places. There appeared fome diſcolour'd Puſtles or Whales (oo) where the Arm. cxlvi The Introduction. bois blowbt great Ver- tigo. wherefore to avoid a Gangrene, he was ſcarified with deep Inciſions, and had Pledgets of Ægyptiacum diffolvd in Sp. V. applied, but AT 830 although with this, and a Fomentation of Wormwood, Sc. in a Lye, and Sp. V. it ſeem'd to be at a ſtand, yer is fphacelated more niews and more, and he being ſo weak as not to endure the Amputation 19036M ONDOM 303 lo misg dana bos doo T od 10 of his Arm, he died.za oriz bəbulános les w wers ay The Reverend Mr. Leming, of a Plethoric and Sanguine Conſti- tution, aged aboue Forty five years, by walking in the heat of raske su 10 the day, expoſed to the Sun-beams, was taken ill with a very great Vertigo, ſo that he was reeling every ſtep, and could not ſee to i 30. i Read or do any thing elſe, neither could he walk without the alie 99611SIT to snom ſtance of ſeveral people under his Arms to ſupport and guide him. 1137blicoHe had been two days in this condition, neither had he taken any of a very thing but a Clyfter. I wondered very much that in ſo long time he had not been Apople&tic, and ordered him immediately to be bled in the Arm to Ten Ounces, the next morning to take a pretty ſtrong Doſe of Extr. Rud, in Pills, that he ſhould be bliſtered ſently in the Neck , afterwards cup'd with Scarification in the Shoulders, and that he ſhould take ſome alternative Medicines, as Sage and Roſemary made into a Drink after the manner of Tea, and ninio drink a quantity of it ſeveral times every day at convenient Seafons. file namo I order'd fome drops of Sp.CC. to be put into it, and gave him dire- ctions to change and repeat theſe Medicines till he was well, which accordingly he did. He found immediate relief on bleeding, and by the uſe of the reſt of theſe Medicines recovered in ſome days his perfe& health og simple arlo bitnih Of a Con-" The fame Gentleman, in preaching uſed to ſtrain his Lungs fo fumption much, that he became obnoxious to ſeveral Coughs and defluxions. ftraining I advis’d him to remove from his Pariſh, where he uſed his Lungs the Lungs. too much, to a place where no opportunity ſhould be given of ex- Sismide erciſing them ſo much. By this method he was relieved. I heard nozls ſince, thac returning to his Pariſh he fell into a ſpitting of blood, selbzew curnd Conſumptive and died. I have ſeen the like happen ſeveral times to people who have in their ſeveral Profeſſions uſed their Lungs too much. The ancient Phyſicians, and Philoſophers preſcribed, Reading aloud, Diſputing, &c. as neceſſary for exerciſing the Lungs, which they thought as proper for the keeping of them found, as other Exerciſes for other parts of the Body. But I have often ob- ſerved that the immoderate ſtraining of them by Singing, Hunting, Trumpeting, inviting People to Shows,&c. have by degrees brough Hoarfneſſes, Coughs, Conſumptions, great pains, Ulcers under the the Sternum, and Death. A bal bololib onun ga A The Introduction cxlvii I Of che collipolg99bbisu borinsol eswad 909pora A Child of a bout a year and an half old, was taken ill of an Epidemic Tertian Fevery with the Symptoms of which it had a very Of a Terti- great ſwelld upper, Jawy The Mother told me, that the Childfwelia breeding Teeth very hardly, the Jaw had been formerly cut, whereJaws in a the ſwelling now was I concluded the cutting had fowld, or hurt Child. the upper part of the Tooth, and that part of the Morbific Matter was ſent to that place as weak, during the Paroxyſm of the Fever. gave it the Cortex, and it was in ſome few days cured of both Fe- ver and ſwelld Jawson 2nd pers9d-oue on box yobs OJ 99 100 blugo boscoil gonila, oras Face. Cloaths, or Linnen to be pin'd over the Face of New-born of the Children, are never uſed in Jamaica, it being hot, and thought there manager very unhealthy, Cradles are not us’d very much, but Hamacas for Children Children to be laid in, wherein they are toſs’d or ſwung as if they in Jamaica. were rock'd in a Cradle. They make an Engine of Wood as long as the Child, alittle broader, and a foot and an half high, arch'd at top. The ſides and top are covered with Gauze to hinder the Gnats or Moſquitos moleſting the Child lying under it. asubibuM sviramelsen stbl ba A great many White Women, all Indians and Negros, keep not their Beds over a Week, after having brought forth, when they re treating turn to their ordinary Buſineſs. Sometimes through a contrary Cu-Women in ftom this may be prejudicial, as I knew a Mother of many Children, Childbed. who getting up ſo much earlier than ſhe uſed to do, fell into great pains in her Sides, after having ſome diminution of her Lochia. In this caſe I ordered bleeding, and the uſe of Sage-Tea, by which ſhe recovered in ſome time. innang slottet anoimunob bos busos A Woman being got with Child, endeavoured to hide it, and took violent Medicines deſigning Abortion. They had not che de Of Mer- ſired effe&, for although ſhe took Mercury Sublimate in Broath, Guty Su- yet ſhe went out her Time, and after violent Vomitings, and great taken in Spitting for ſome time, ſhe was privately delivered, and the Child wardly. buried in a Field. It was diſcovered by Birds, which feed on cor- 22 rupting Fleſh, are a ſort of Vulture, and callid Carrion Crows. The Child thus found, being brought to Town, a ſearch was made, and the ſuppoſed Mother carried to Priſon. She there fell into a Delirium, with other feveriſh Symptoms very high. She was bliſter’d, and took Sp. C. C. and other things, by which ſhe 90 recovered, and was ſeemingly well, but I heard the died a Week after.zu 239əll enigquang asong matico disebut Blacks A cxlviii The Introduction. Of Black Nurſes. Yet in Blacks are as often taken for Nurſes as Whites, being much eaſier to be had. They are not covered by Planters, for fear of infecting their Children with ſome of their ill Cuſtoms, as Thieving, &c. ni w I never ſaw any ſuch Conſequences, and am ſure a Blacks Milk comes much nearer the Mothers than that of a Cow, and Jamaica fome Children are bred up by the Hand very well. andren are pred up by the Some Women being here very debauch'd as to drinking, cc. when Of Chil- they are Nurſes, can Icarce abſtain from it, and thereby infect Chil. drens Di- dren very often with Puſtles, breakings out, &C. I us'd in ſuch caſes to perſuade changing the Nurſe, or bringing up the Child by Hand, tampering with Phyfick too much with Children, where the Diſeaſe is not plain, being not ſafe, they not being able to inform the Phyſician of their Malady, but by frowardneſs and crying. Of Cho- Chocolate is given to young Children here, almoſt the firſt Meat colate gi- they take except the Mothers Milk, and is found to agree with them as well as Milk-Mcats in England. feaſes. yen to Children. I Of the Mr. William Kayes, aged about Forty years, complain'd to me he had been ſeveral years troubld with Ringworms on his Abdomen. ori defir'd to ſee them, he ſhow'd me a ſpot or two on his Belly, atome about the Circumference of a fix pence, in which was a fuperficial bodbli ulceration of, as it would feem, the Cuticula, with ſome ſcales about the edges. It was of a dark brown colour, and there ſeem'd to iſſue out a ſmall Ichor. He had in this place a moſt intolerable un- Ringworm eaſie itching which was very croblefome. He had not infected his Lepra Gran Wife with it, although moſt Men are thought to communicare ic to their Wives. I order'd him to be bled and purg’d, gave him in- wardly, after twice purging, a great many Doſes of Flor. Sulph. in the morning and night, drinking after it Diet-Drink, for fonte weeks. After this preparation an Ointment was made with Sulph. Viv. pow- dered and mixt with Ung, ex Oxylapath. and ſcented with Oil of Rhodium, with which he was to anoint it, but by the uſe of the firſt Medicines he was well, and continued ſo. This is a very ordinary Diſeaſe here, and in moſt parts of the World, continuing many years, and fixes irs ſelf in ſeveral places of the Body. It ſeems to come near the Lepra Græcorum, and is the Impetigo mention'd by Piſo to be in Braziles It uſes always to be cur’d by the aboveľaid Medi- cines, though now and then, on the Aſpects of the Moon it would return again, and be curd on uſe of the Medicines as before. It had been tried to be cur'd by moſt of the Phyſicians of the Iſland without Succeſs 10 corum. Mr. Hem The Introduction, cxlix ance in bomo o neon both bris A Gentlemam, aged about Forty five, looking very black in the Face, or of a livid Aſpect, had been very much given to Venery, and intemperance in Drinking. He had always after a debauch ſome bruiſed places about him, which were hurt by Accidents and Falls. For theſe Caſualties it was proper to bleed him very often to prevent his death, as on hurting his Sides, came Pleuriſies and In- flammations, for which there was a neceſſity to give him ſeveral Medicines, and more eſpecially to uſe Phlebotomy. He complain'd to me one day he thought his Belly (welld, and that he made a Of a Drop- ſmall quantity of Urine. I told him I thought 'twas very danger, fie from in- ous and advis'd Jalap, and other purgers of water to carry off the temper- humours, which threatned a Dropfie, as alſo Chalybeats and Diu. Wine and retics, with Exerciſe. Although theſe Medicines wrought well, yet Venery. his Belly ſwellid more and more, whereby I was almoſt ſure he ins10 would not live long, and ſo it prov’d, for in about three weeks cime his Belly ſwelld moſt prodigiouſly, made his breathing un- eafie, the watery humour overwhelmed his Brain, made him De- lirous, and alſo feiz'd his Lungs, ſo that he had a great Cough and died. He us’d to drink two Bottles of burnt Wine every night when well, in the night time, to ſupport, as he thought, his Spirits. Dil bido no libidor to end One Lambert , a young Man, complain'd to me of a great pain of the in one of his Kidnies, with Vomiting, he us’d to be troubld with Stone. the Stone there. I gave him about one Grain of Laud. Lond. in a. bout ſeven Grains of Extr. Rud. he had eaſe preſently, a Stool ſome while after, and was perfectly cur’d of that Paroxyſm. The like I have known in a great many others. Eaſing of the pain takes of the conſtriction of the Ureters and Membranes, and then the Sand, Gravel, or Stone come away. As Room A Woman of about Fifty years of age, was taken with an Epi- demic Tertian. I gave her the Cortex, by which ſhe was curd, and continu'd well ſome weeks. On Chriſtmas Eve, ſhe took a great cold, and fell into an Epidemic Pleuriſie, which was then frequently join'd with Rhumatic pains, and mortal. I advis’d her Of a Pleu- forth with to bleed plentifully, and gave her ſome Sal Prunell. and rifie.20 Crabs-Eyes in large quantities. She ſent for ſome ignorant Fellow who could not bleed her, and neglected that Remedy two days, in which time her pains increas'd I fent for a Chirurgeon, who bled her, directed her a Cliſter, gave her inwardly Antipleuritics, order'd her ſide to be rub'd with Ung, Dialth. I adviſed her to re peat bleeding, which was done five times in two days, without U10 any ſucceſs, for her pains increaſed in a finall time after bleeding, (PP) and be cl The Introduction. and ſhe died in Convulſions. There is no Remedy in a Pleuriſie fo effectual as bleeding. This is not done, either through obſtinacy of the ſick Perſon, ignorance, or averſion of the Phyſician to that Re- medy, or unskilfulneſs of the Chirurgeon, who generally pretend, on milling the Vein, that the Blood is too thick, as if it could Cir- culate through the capillary Veſſels, and yet be ſo thick as not to come out of a hole made in the ſide of the Vein. If ſufficient bleeding is neglected in a Pleuriſie, on any of theſe accounts, the extravaſated Blood increaſes, difficulty of breathing follows, and occaſions either a Suffocation by the great quantity of Blood ſtag- nating in the Heart, and great Veſſels, a Gangrene, or at leaſt an Apoſtem, whence follows an Empyema and Conſumption.ba Her Daughter was taken very ill at the ſame time of a great pain of an Ery in her Arm, after which came out an Eryſipelas, which I advis d to ſipelas. be treated with a Fomentation of Wormwood, Sage,&c. in Lye and Wine. With this Remedy, after breaking out, and going in ſeveral times, it came out in ſeveral Boils and hard Lumps on the Hand, which breaking, and running, curd her. I have ſeen many troubld after the ſame manner, with great pains in the Arm, after which comes out the Eryſipelas, then it goes in again, and the pains return till it again breaks out, which is chiefly effected by Ol. Lumbr. er Cham. with which ſome Petrol. is mixt. They ought to be bled and purg'd, cc. and yet often recover not in half a year. The Skin of theſe people is uſually afterwards very much diſcolour'd. go Of the A great many Women are here troubld with the Fluor Albus, with which Diſtemper they uſually have very great pains in their Floor Al- Back. I uſually gave them a Medicated Wine, with the Roots of Angelica, Imperatoria, Biſtort. Tormentill. c. infus'd in Madera. I advis’d them to drink for ſome time of it, feveral times aday, for- bidding all manner of Evacuation. This method uſually cur'd both Whires and Blacks. On outward or inward bruiſes, I us’d, in danger, to bleed im- mediately, and in the outward to embrocate with fair water, by Of bruiſes, applying Papers or Cloaths dipt in water, and repeating them, when they grew hot, by which the humour was repelld. I have ſeen this method do great matters, as much or more than Bole or Aftringents cum Album. Ovor. Sperm. Cet. and Crabs Eyes. I us'd co give inwardly, Sp.C.C. and to order a Montagany Plaiſter to be applied. Of an Ul. A luſty blind Fellow of about Fifty years of age, had been cer in the languiſhing a long time with pains in the Region of his Kidnies, as well Kidnies. The Introduction. cli well as all over his Body; he now made and had done for ſome time paſt white purulent ſmelling and thick water. I concluded it it to be an Abſceſs of the Reins, and told him I was apprehenſive it was incurable. However I had bim bled twice or thrice, purg'd feveral times a week, with Pil. Coch. Mm. he took on the interme- diare days, Ol. Tereb. Balf. Sulph and a Decoction of Barley. By which means contrary to expectation he was quite cured. Mrs. Purifie, aged Thirty five years, complain’d of great pains in her Kidnies, had a great heat there, and had gone through ſeveral of the Courſes without ſucceſs. I put her into the ſame method as above, anwella but the oil was too hot for her. I gave her ſome Vitriolum Martis, Spleen. making artificial Mineral waters, as well for that as a ſwelld Spleen. After ſhe had gone through this Courſe, ſhe recovered very well, which ſhe attributed more to the outward application of Orange Leaves then any thing elſe. She had for her Spleen a Galbanum Plai- ſter, and one Ex Cicuta cum Gum. Ainmoniaco. I have known this laſt Plaiſter do great matters, with Jalap inwardly given at the ſame time. They drain a great quantity of blackiſh Serum, which fills and ſwells the capacity of the Abdomen, as well as Liver and Spleen to that rate, as chat they meet almoſt about the Navel. One told me ſhe found on the uſe of this Plaiſter over the aforeſaid Viſcera as if ſome body had ſqueez’d them with their hand, and the Belly at the ſame time fell ſeveral Inches in a week by meaſure. mortal. One Devons Wife brought me to ſee her Husband, who had been Of a fleepy very melancholly for ſeveral months, was moroſé, would ſcarce Diſeaſe. ſpeak, bur was always drowſie and ſleepy. I order'd him to be bled, gave him a Purge, ſome Sp C. C. and had his Neck bliſtered by which in a few days he was quite well. She fell ill of an Epidemic intermitting Fever, which in one of of an in- the Fits run ſo high, as that after long and Phrenetic diſcourſe, noc- termitting withſtanding bliſtering, &c. fhe, after falling into cold Sweats, died. which was I had heard very much of a dry Dropſie, a Diftemper that was faid to be very Mortal to many of this Iſland, both Whites and Blacks, and was pretended to be a very ſtrange Diſeaſe (as it would of an have been, had it anſwer'd its Name) and proper to this Climate. Heetic, Ac length one was brought to me from Colonel Nedham's Plantati- Famaica a on, where he had been a Labourer at the Stokeholes. He had in Dry Drop- this Employment been extremely heated, and ſweated, and by taking Colds thereon, he had contracted a great Cough, which had continued for ſome time. He was waſted in his Body, was hor and Feveriſh, and had his Legs ædematous, puffd up, and a little ſwella fie. clii The Introduction. Of the Evil. ſwelld. I found this to be the beginning of a Conſumption, and perfe&t Febris Hectica, having no Symptoms, but ſuch as are com- mon to our Englifh, and all other Hectics. I therefore order'd him, Ball. Sulph. to preſerve his Lungs from being tainted, order'd him a Diet Drink of Sarfa, &c. with Barley and Raiſins, and gave him in the Evenings to keep off his Cough, an eaſie Opiace, with which, and good Dier he was cured. A Sreel Conrfe is much commended here in this Diffemper, and a furr'd white Tongue is reckoned one of the chief Pathognomonics of this Diſeaſe, which is nothing but what and often accompanies the He&tic in England, and every where elſe. bus om vodnas bodo omnia do odboratory to billow A Boy of abour Thirteen years of age, had a great and ugly ſwelling on his Leg, which yielded great quantities of an Ichorous Sanies from the Bone. He had ſome marks of Ulcers remaining a- bout his Eyes, which ſhew'd him to be fcrophulous, or troubled Kings- with the Kings. Evil He had been flux'd in ſeveral hot Houſes, and proceeded with after ſeveral Methods, by ſeveral Phyſicians, who ordered the matter ſo that this Tumour had been almoſt cur'd ſeveral times, but by neglect it return’d. He found great relief in waſhing and bathing in ſalt water. I ordered him to be well purged thrice a week, with Pil. Coch. Min, and Merc. Dulc. Sometimes I chang’d this for a Vomit of Infuſ. Croc. Metal, and gave him a Diet-Drink, made of the Woods, Roots, Sarfa, &c. boild in Lime-water. He put to the Ulcer fome Baſilicon with Precipitate, and ſometimes without, with which he grew much better. I left the land be- fore he was quite well, but order’d them to profecute the cure the plotom w ziom hvol for yoionslam qe en be yous suidud oud og The Negros and Indians of Plantations uſually have Fires near the places where they and their Children ſleep. They make theſe Of Burns. Fires both for their Healths fake, and to keep themſelves from Gnars, Saisot Moſquitos, or Flies, which would be troublelom, were they not kill'd by the ſmoak. The Slaves are uſually ſo well wrought in the day, der and ſleep ſo faſt at night, that they do not eaſily awake. Several of their young ones fall into theſe Fires, whereby their Arms or Legs are ſometimes burnt off. I always found a Cataplaſm of Onions, Salt, and white Soap beaten together, to do very great matters in the cure of ſuch Accidents, and theſe ingredients are almoſt every where to be had. gordych One about three years before the advis’d with me, had been troubld with a long and tedious Delivery, in which ſhe found in the Childs coming away a crack as if ſomething had broken in her Groin. She complain'd to me of a great pain there, in which was w al ſame way. ? Of a Rup- a ſmall ture. The Introduction.de cliii des, a ſmall lump, which was about the bigneſs of a Pigeons Egg. I took it for a Rupture, ordered her to lye with her Heels and lower parts high, to endeavour by an Anodyne Carminative and Diſcu- tient Fomentation to put up the Gut, and gave her an eaſie Opiat in the evening. This did well, and ſhe was better, but ſtill had Pain. I deſir'd her to take great care to be quiet, and to repeat theſe Medicines as ſhe found occaſion, upon which the pain went away, and ſhe was better. ad 100 SH your son bib ad is ĐIỀU Innis Hd drum bob Dr. Drain HanoiRign ITO cuoi One came to me complaining he was troubled very much with Itch about the Os Pubis, which proceeded from Lice or Aſcarides. I of Aſcari- adviſed hiin to rub and waſh all the part over with Sope and Water, but that did not kill them, I then ordered him to beat ſome of the Seeds of Staphiſacre, and ſtrew it on the part, which kill'd them all in a very ſhort time. It is an almoſt certain Remedy for any Vermin of this kind. Polow pralad aliwa-lil and danbolat dostni tib baik aid ni bumi ili ol 919Wsponsibris One of about Fifty five years of Age, given to good Fellowſhip and Drinking of Drams, had been very ill of the Belly-ach, ſeveral times, on which he had loſt the uſe of his Limbs. He had not long before I ſaw him been taken with a very ſevere Fit, and was reco vered out of it by the help of Ginger in Cyder and Wine mixt, and heated with Sugar. After the violence of the Fit was over, becauſe he was very weak, he had fucke two Negro Womens Milk, by which he was perfectly recovered. He ſeem'd to be very Hypochon- driac, was Melancholly, and look'd Yellow in the skin and Eyes. Being conſulted for his Health I advis’d him, becauſe he had no Of the Stomach nor Appetite to Victuals, to take an infuſion of Gentian Belly-ach: Roots, Centaury Tops, &c. in Madera Wine, and a Diet-Drink of Sarſa, China, Ge. mix'd with an equal quantity of Cow's Milk every Morning. Now and then as his Belly was bound up, der'd him a Pill of Extract. Rud. whereby he was kept Soluble. By theſe Medicines his Health was preſerved without any great Sickneſs, but coming on Board in order to a Voyage for England, and drinking Punch more than ordinarily, he firſt fell into an unuſual Weakneſs of his Hands, and afterwards into Pains all over his Body. I would have remedied theſe Symptoms by Bleeding and Purging, but that his Weakneſs put a ſtop to any ſuch Courles. He grew worſe, having had no Stool for lome Days (for he had, beſides his Colick, a Rupture ) and complained very much of Pains every where, eſpecially in his Belly. I gave him Extract. Rud. gr. 15. which did not work, wherefore in ſome hours more I gave him thirty Grains of Pil. Ruffi for his Jaundice and bound Belly, which with Sena boild in Chicken-Broath, or great Quantices of thin Water- (99) gruel I or cliv The Introduction. gruel did not relieve, but he grew phrentic and idle in his Talk. I gave him, after a while, a very ſtrong Decoction of Sena in Water, which took effect, working four or five times, but it was ſo far from alleviating his Diftemper, that he grew worſe . He loft bis Sight quite, although his Eyes look'd well and without blemiſh, for which I order'd him to be bled, I bliſter'd him in the Neck likewiſe, and chought his Diſtem per uncurable, if at Full Moon, or two or three Days after, he did not recover. He ſlept not, but had ſtrange Perfua- fions or Imaginations in his Head, and dos’d at firſt, but afterwards fell into a perfect Lethargy. When his Sleepineſs was over, he To awak’d, but ſeem'd to be penſive at ſome ſtrange things in his Mind. I apply'd Bliſters to his Wriſts, and on the Day of the Full Moon, he came to ſee ſomewhat, and at the ſame time recover'd ſome of his Underſtanding; yet, a great many things were blotted out of his Memory, ſo that the Remembrance of things paſt, not only during his Sickneſs, but likewiſe before, were loft, and ſome Imaginations and Fancies, were ſo faſt imprinted in his Mind, during the time of his being not Compos Mentis, that afterwards, when he diſcours d and reaſon'd very well, there was need to take Pains with him to unde- ceive him, and make him ſenſible of his Miſtakes, but in a few Days that Reaſon and Experience had taught him to judge rightly, he was well. When he was recovering, it was very hard for him to bring out fome Words at firſt, which, I ſuppoſe, might proceed from his forgetfulneſs of them. This blindneſs is not a very common Sym- prom with the Cholic, or Belly-ach, but yet appears now and then. I have my ſelf ſeen ſeveral Inſtances of it. There appears no Blemiſh od in the Eye in this caſe, and they are ſtruck Blind unknown to them- donville felves or the by-ftanders, till they come to try their Eyes upon any oc- caſion. This fort of Gutta Serena goes off in ſome Days, and they recover their Sight, at leaſt as many as I have ſeen or read of, recover'd it by the uſe of Bleeding, Purging, Bliſtering and Cephalics. WY 10 long the sudiw bevielio da ponibile sol og vo Vbo ni boa no moted al Vi blonu na ochibo and somente BHO adevo il 2011 pont bu bol how w Horom VO Hilood bad baderol) evsamol 10 toon on bed brow yovo aning to doon vioy benisleno bar Conquis idw2 vlla aid sellele yonida muid The End of the Introduktion.o son bib w did we -1918 oct 20 surg (PP) po Galloway AND ABILI Sombrero Anegada Loquill ( Cortul Saniuo Guay emas. 09 helt I e vogel oViğino A NEW CHART of the CARIBEEISLANDS 03 Anguilla Startin K'SBartholomeo I Sally I ta CRoſier Borequon or Crab Iſland S. cruz ming Barbuda c Roy Ides Tohni خفيJohی Saba ya Tarin ANEW CHART of the WESTERN OCEAN Eftatia 14 s Chriſtopher's Charles Caftémy Louis Nieves 4-5 Antego ACADIE LZ RICA T H E Ccodi S.Georges Bank Redonde fuerjera PENGLAND Monferat P'Antigo a Mouillages / Corvoo Flores Vc May NIVds ÇEnnage Anxap as Deſeada Eayallo SGeorge lá Marigalante AME Guadalupo Streights of Gibralter ER Larache Cures Earcas W E S T E R RN Salee Santon os Dominica Ade Flores 25 3Ctorment FLORIDA Po po Grill Grand point Royall Po Pierra Martinica CLouis 0. ITenerif E A 来 ​la Madalena Ferre IRE 2. Hudſons ENGT Bret I LAND RShannon khan Bay NEWFOUND Harwich Chifadec London Ruperts R Lundy Deale Albany R B of Eoggs 7 Mes c clear Plint Moofer Cornwal 18 Idoulas Nantiſcotoc ALAND Wight Flower B Lizard Cain CBonaviſta Jerſey NEW FRANCE B.des Trinity B Placentia IVfhent Brett. Malo Chaleurs FRANCE Quebeck Conception NOVA Tantes CANADA -R Loyre SCOTTA CGaha czace Rochell Tree Penobſcot Roch Britain TOleron Sfort kenebec the Banks of Bordd Paſcataquar y Fundy Newfoundland Cortegall LZ Bay NEW csable CFiniſterre Bayona Vicarúna Bilboa Boſton Bayona Viana NEWYORK Nantucket I Az ORE S or Long I andShoals PORTU 40 O porto Tortosa PENSYLVANIA NEWTERSEY Gratisſa BarlingCCarnaſsero Valentia MARY LAND Lloon Tercera CHinlopen Alicant CRarent Poco SUbes VIRGINIA Smiths I ) GAL Cartagena C Charles WESTERN ISLES Michael Tages SIucar CS Vincent Malaga Tames Town &cd Gat CHenry S.Mary Cadiz Hatteras 35 Iradale A CAROLINA CharlesTown MC Fear Porto Santo Azamore NORTH C Canti Caſcal, REG FEZ Edipo Afhly R Bermudas I Madera RSpirito Santo I Mogador 3011 AcGeer REſcondida CANARY lana B de S. XVI, Piper longum arboreum altius, folio nervoſo minore, ſpica graciliori & breviori. Cat. p. 44. Tab. 87. Fig. 1. Ciriboa Worm. muſ. p. 196. quoad deſcr. Mecaxuchitl Ejuſd. p. 208. quoad fig. An Planta Fulifera aromatica in uligi- noſis creſcens locis. D. Baniſter? Long-Pepper of Leigh ap. Purchas, lib. 6. cap. 13. p. 1254. where 'tis propoſed as a Commodity from Guiana? This has ſeveral Stems riſing twelve or fifteen Foot high, they are ſtraight, green, ſmooth, jointed, and at every joint they are protuberant, diſtant from each other ſometimes low near the Root, a Foot, hollow, whence the name of Elder. Upwards the joints are at leſs diſtance from one another. The Stalks have a Pith ſomewhat like our Elder. Towards the top ſtands the Leaves, one at a joint, they ſtand on one tenth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are two Inches long, one broad near the round Baſe, where broadeſt, whence they end in a point. The Nerves or Fibers, run the lengths of the Leaves from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center, and have tranſverſe ones, making a pleaſant ſhow in a very dark green, ſmooth Leaf. The ſcent of the Leaves, when rubbed, is very Aromatick. Oppoſite to the Leaf comes a Felus about one Inch long, ſlender, and of a yellowiſh pale colour, reſembling Long-Pepper. to bus de * There is a variety in this, as to the length and ſhape of the Leaves, they being ſometimes longer, and not ſo broad at Baſe. Piſo's Figure is good. S109 Sigubas It grows in Jamaica near Colonel Cope's Plantation, on a Hill above his Houſe, and in Barbados. 10 Jens The Leaves and Fruit of this is thought good againſt the Belly-ach, being boiled and eaten in their Pepper Pots or Pottages. The Leaves and Root (the Fruit being not much uſed, becauſe of ſo many other forts of Pepper) are very hot, and eſteemed extraordinary good, when dryed, to make all ſorts of corroborating and ſtrengthning Baths, againſt all manner of cold Diſtempers, in lieu of all other hot and ſtrength- ning Herbs. Pifo. Oy The The Naiural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 135 cers of the is one. The Leaves of this Plant heal Ulcers of the Legs. The Root is very powerful againſt ſwellings. Marcgr. Tlatlanquaye and Acapatli. of Hernand. and Xim. are ſo very confuſedly Figured and Deſcribed, that I can make nothing of them, though I believe there are two forts common to New-Spain and this Iſland, whereof this 30 com This Wood is made uſe of to ſtrike fire, if held between the Knees, and a hard ſtick with a tapering point turn'd round in it by the Hands. The Decoction of the Roots and Tops diſſipates groſs Humors, and heals Hy- dropick People. The Leaves applied, Cure bad Ulcers, and hot Baths are made with them for cold Fluxions. The Seed gives a good taſt to Meat boiled with them, Tertre. The Fruit, but eſpecially the Decoction of the Root, is uſed in the Mes againſt the Stomach Evil, cauſed from intemperate cold, and moiſture of the ſame, from too much Fruit, Drinks of the Country, or not being covered in a morning. They give two Glaſſes of it warm, and walk till they Swear. Plum. onu no - XVII. Piper longum folio nervoſo pallide viridi, humilius. Cat. p. 44. Tab. 87. Fig. 2. Arbuſcula Braſilienſis piperis facie julifer a Raii hift. append. p. 1914. An Tlatlancunye ſeu piper longum pofterius quoad iconem Hern? Jonft. dendr. 179? Plantula peregrina Cluf.Exot. lib. 4. C) II. Fonft. dewdr. 181. Chabr. 127. Piper longam anguftiffimum ex Florida. C.B. pin. 412. Piper ex Florida. J. B. 1. 2. lib. 15. p. 187. Chabr. 126. Arbor piperifera fructu longo Floridana. Fonft. dendr. 186. An Amolago H. M. p.7.31 ? Spaniſh Elder. til earioni This Shrub has a round green Stem, four or five Foot high, having pros tuberant joints here and there, in that reſembling Elder, whence, and from the pith or hollowneſs, the name. The Branches are likewiſe jointed, and there comes out Leaves, firſt on one ſide from one joint, and then from the other, another Leaf on the ſide oppoſite to that, and ſo alternatively always, one being at a joint. The Leaves have ſcarce any Foor-Stalks, are five Inches long, and two broad in the middle where broadeſt, rough, having a great many large Nerves, running from the main one to the ſides of the Leaves, of a yel- lowiſh green colour. At the joints on the ſide oppoſite to the Leaf, towards the top of the Branch goes out a Spike or fulus, ſtanding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, of a pale greeniſh colour, and ſmall aromatick biting taſt, four Inches long, like that of Long-Pepper, being ſomewhat like a Rats Tail, and being generally crooked. buda This agrees in every thing to Piſo's Betre vel Betys, except in the white ſpots he marks on the Stalk, but being in every thing elſe it has ſo perfect an agreement with it, I take it to be the ſame. It It grows on the moiſt Banks of Rio-Cobre, near the Creſcert Plantation, and in ſeveral other places of the Iſland, and in Barbadoes. The fuli, which are like Long-Pepper, are of no uſe, the Root is very famous. It has ſomething Aromatick, and in taſt, colour, and ſmell, re- ſembles Ginger, eſpecially if it be freſh, and then it is not inferiour to it. It is very hot and dry. A Decoction of the Leaves, and Roots, Cures the Col- lick, and pains of the Limbs, eaſes the windy Belly, and takes away the cold tumors of the Feet. The ſame is done by Baths and Fomentations. Pilo. mi bosito Piſo's Figure is bad. el Tanloon as dit vir besin GI vedomo XVIII. Piper longum arboreum foliis latifimis. Cat. p. 45. Tab. 88. Fig. 1. 20 loomal nelagoul bid on The 130 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Santa Maria This agreed exactly with thoſe of this Kind immediately preceding, in its Trunc, Joints, &c. only’t was higher and larger: the Leaves were likewiſe very different, being much larger, they ſtood on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, were eight Inches long, and four broad, near the begin- ning where broadeſt, being pointed at the end, and roundiſh, at beginning ſmooth, of a dark green colour, and having few Veins in compariſon with thoſe preceding, and in proportion to the Leaf. The Spike or Falus was neither long nor big. LOGO It grew in the Woods not far from Rio-Nuovo in the North ſide of this Iſland. ad bus told boilgos Tolg I blog XIX. Piper longum racemofum malvaceum. Cat. p. 45. Leaves. ba or: o no This has a ſtrong Root compoſed of ſeveral very ſhort blackiſh ones, which ſend up a ſtraight Stalk, as thick as ones Thumb, jointed, of a gray colour, rough, round, ſtriated, with ſome furrows in it, riſing three or four Foot high, having towards the top Leaves alternatively, fitft on one, then on the other ſide of the Stalk, at the joints, where its four or five Inches long round Foot-Stalk encompaſſes the Stalk, leaving a mark when it falls off. The Leaves are cordated or like a Heart, or thoſe of the Lime- Tree, only the Nerves run from the top of the Foot-Stalk, as from a common Center, through the whole Leaf, which is very ſoft, of a dark green colour, ſomewhat like thoſe of Mallows, and of about ſeven and eight Inches Diameter. The Flowers and Fruit come out ex alis fol. being three or four Fali two Inches long, at firſt white, then green, ſtanding upon a common half Inch long Foot-Stalk. 10 brigor and ad They grow in ſtony Shady moiſt Woods, and by ſhady River fides, very plentifully. moj oliwollencolod The Leaves being very ſoft and large, are applied to the Head when it akes, or to any of the Joints in the Gout, and are thought to caſe paig in every affected part, and therefore this is eſteemed as a very rare Re- medy, by all Indians and Negroes, and moſt part of Planters, but I could not find that this Leaf could do any more than Coleworts, only 'tis not fo nervous, and ſo fofter. 990 no mo loredliwo The Leaves are boiled and eaten in Pattage by the Negros . o good If the Juli or Pepper be boiled in water, and expoſed to the Sun, they grow ſtronger and more durable for all uſes. The Root ſmells like Clover, and is hot to the third Degree, reckoned a Counter-Poyſon, and of thin fubtle, and therefore opening parts. If bruiſed and put like a Poulteſs to any diſeaſed part, it ripens and cleanſes. The juice of the Leaves, becauſe cold, eaſes burnings; and the Leaves put into Clyfters, have the ſame qua- lities with Mallows. Pilo. A 10 lasa liont ons no 271019 It is called in Sancto Domingo Collet de Notredame. Plumier. Iliev This is not the Serpentaria repens floribus fi amineis Spicatis bryoniæ folio am- phiore pingui. Plukenet. pkyt. Tab. 117. Fig. 3. & 4. as the Dr. thinks in his Mant. p. 170. Any perſon conparing that with this will find many differences. Logo2 200 bas ovello lo noi Abbas 1o Oy or XX. Piper longum humilins fructu è fummitate caulis iprodeunte. Cat. p. 45. Mecanuchill.Worm. Mulip 208. quoad deſer. Piper longum Braſil. Eiufdp. 214. This has a creeping joinred Root, ftriking into the looſe Earth, ſeveral Tufts of hairy fibers at the joints. The Stalks are round, green, jointed, riſing a Foor high, the Leaves are ſeveral, plac'd the length of the Stalk one by one, are four Inches long, and two broad, at the top, wherebroadeſt, having no Foor-Stalk, beginning narrow, and augmenting by degrees to the top, they are thick, ſucculent, ſmooth, of a dark green colour, having 9111 fome The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaicä. 137 ſome few veins viſible on their upper ſurface, like thoſe of Water-Plan- tane, and ſometimes a little defect or notch at the upper end of the Leaf. At the top of the Stalk is a jointed, red Foot-Stalk, ſuſtaining a ſlender four Inches long Spike, Fulus, or Ligula, like that of Ophiogloſſum, or ſome of the Long-Peppers, being ſweet ſmelling, and ſharp to the taſt like them, and withal fomewhat balſamick. The Plant, if rub'd, ſmells very gratefully. There is a variety of this, with ſmaller and more pointed Leaves, which I gathered in Barbadoes. It grew in a Wood near Mr.Batchelor's Houſe, and in ſeveral thick and tall Thady Woods of this Iſland, and in Barbadoes on rocky grounds. It is hot in the fourth Degree, and dry in the third. It is drunk with Cocoatlee, and gives it a good taſt, it ſtrengthens the Heart, heats the Sto- mach, gives a ſweet Breath, attenuates groſs and thick Humours, reſiſts Poyſon, the Iliac Paſſion and Colick, is Diuretick, helps the Catamenia, and expels the dead Child, helps the Birth, opens Obſtructions, and Cures pains from cold. It takes of the cold of Fevers, and ſuch like. Hernand. XXI. Piper longum minimum, herbaceum, ſcandens, rotundifoliur. Cat. p. 45. Serpentaria repens Americana, dictamni cretici villoſis foliis apicibus nonnihil fia nuatis. Pluken. Alm. p. 343. o Woplin This has a jointed, round, ſmooth, juicy Stalk, like that of Purſlane: The Joints were an Inch and a half diſtant one from the other, and from each of theſe went ſeveral fibrils, into the Barks of Trees, or ground, thus drawing its Nouriſhment, and propagating its felf for ſeveral Feet in length, by either climbing Trees, or creeping along the ſurface of the Earth. At each joint, was, on every ſide of the Stalk, one Leaf alternatively, ſtand- ing on three quarters of an Inch long red Foot-Stalk, almoſt round, being more than an inch long, and about three quarters of an Inch broad, ſmooth, of a yellowiſh green colour, juicy, and having Ribs like thoſe of Water- Plantane. On the tops of the Branches ex alis fol. came ſeveral two or three Inch long, round, green juli or tops, ſmall, having ſome brown ſpots on them, and being exactly like the tops of Mouſe-Tail. It grew on the larger Trees, and ground, in the Woods between Guanabos and Colonel Bourdens Plantation. I ſhould not have thought Dr. Plukenet's Title abovementioned, to have belonged to thris Plant, had not he poſitively ſaid it, p. 177. of his Mantiff XXII. Taruma de Oviedo Cat. p. 45. Tab. 88. Fig. 2. & Tab. 89. Ama bayba Fig-Trees of an Anonymus Portugal of Braſile, Purchas, lib. 7. cap. Ia This is well deſcribed and figured by Marcgrave and Piſo, and grows eve- ry where in the Caribes and famaica in the Woods, and is generally, being a quick grower, the firſt infeſting clear'd grounds, being for the moſt part without Branches, though ſometimes it has them, It is uſed for the making of Bark-Logs or Floats, the Stalks being empty and light to lie under heavier Timber, and floar it down the Rivers to the Towns, where it may be uſeful, and Peter Martyr, as well as Lopez de Gomara, tells us that a Lucaya Indian Carpenter, fill'd one of theſe Trees (after having hollowed it, and ſtopt the ends) with Maiz, and Gourds with water ; and with another Man and Woman went to Sea, in order to go to their own Country (whence they had been carried, and made Slaves in Hiſpaniola,) and that they were unfortunately met and carried back when two hundred Miles onwards in their Journey. 1.VIXX N The P. 1308 138 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica The hollow on the top of the Tree contains a white fat and juicy Pich, with which, as well as the young Leaves, the Negroes cure their Wounds and old Ulcers. This Wood is uſed in Brafile to rub fire with, making a hole in it, and turning round in it another harder till it takes fire. The tender tops are adſtringent, their juice is good againſt Fluxes, im- moderate Cat amenia and Gonorrhaa. Piſo. It is good againſt the immoderate Lochia, if a Poulteſs of the Leaves be applyed to the Navel. Idem. ni Peter Martyr, and Lop. de Gom, tell a Story of an old Indians curing a very great Wound, whereby the Arm was almoſt cut off from the Shoulder, with a Poulteſs of the Leaves of this Tree. But they ſay this Tree has an edible Fruit, which I never obſerved ; at leaſt thar 'twas ear. The tops cure new and old Wounds, and are Cauſtick, cating the proud Fleſh, and generating new. Oviedo. This being hollow, and very light, I believe may be what was made uſe of by the Braſilians to fiſh on, fome pieces being joined together, and very faſt tied, they called them their Piperis, in every thing ſupplying the uſe of Boats, as well as Bull-Ruſhes, or with the Ægyptians the Scapi of the Papyrus. De Lery tells us that they can never Drown on them, and that on theſe, they fiſh fingly, and that they might be made uſe of here on Ferries. The Fruit looks like Worms, and is wholeſome and pleaſant. Lop, de you Pigeons feed much on this Fruit, and the Wood is uſed by Turtlers for buoys to their Nets. The Leaves are rough and poliſh Timber. The inner Rind, laid to freſh Wounds, with the outer tied on it, Cures them. Purchas. Laet. 1019 - That this is mentioned in two diſtinct places, as two ſeveral Trees, by Johnſon in his Dendrology, is, I think, as plain as that they are the fame, ſo that I much wonder at Dr. Plukenet's remark in p. 75. and 76. of his Mantilla. sca Gom. . TƯ 2 XXIII. Fegopyrum ſcandens, feu volubilis nigra major, flore & fructu membra- naceis, ſubrotundis, compreſſis. Cat. p. 46. Tab.go. Fig. I. This Woodbind has round red ſucculent Stalks, by which it winds and turns its ſelf round any Tree or Shrub it comes near, riſing ſeven or eight Foot high, it has every Inch or half Inch towards the top, Leaves growing out of the Stalk alternatively. They have a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks are graſs green, juicy, ſmooth, thick, an Inch and a quarter long, and one Inch over at the baſe, being near upon of a triangular heart figure, or very much reſembling thoſe of the Convolvulus niger ſemine triangulo. C. B. Ex alis foliorum, towards the top, come out the Flowers, they are very many plac'd on three Inches long Spikes, by a very ſhort Petiolus, they are round, flat, ſwelld our in the middle, and green, and have a thin white membrane round them, looking like a Parſnip Seed. When theſe membranes are ripe Seed, they differ nothing from what they appear at firſt coming out when Flowers, but in being ſomewhar larger, and having their protuberant part in the middle, turn of a brown colour from a green. It grows among the Trees near the Ruins of a Monaſtery by the Town. This, by its Deſcription and Figure, appears to be quite different from che Plant, Dr. Plukenet thinks, (Mant. p. 74.) it may be, viz. Fago triticum majus volubile Virginianum, &c. XXIV. VOS The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 139 XXIV. Volubilis nigra, radice alba aut purpurea maxima, tuberoſa, eſculenta, farinacea, caule membranulis extantibus alato, folio cordato nervoſo . Cat. p. 46. Ignaſme de Biet, p. 335. Cambares de Flacourt. p. 115. An Owihares Ejuldib: racine noire de Maire. P. 99. An Ricophora Magna Virginiana bryonic nigre modo volubilis, fingularis folio nervoſo flexili, caule tetragono ad angulos alato Plukenet. Alm. p. 321 ? Tames of Dampier ? p. 9? An Rizophora canle alato rul- bente folio ſingulari Herm. par. Bat. Cat.p. II? The Root is a Foot or more long, Brown on the outſides, with ſeveral long Fibers, running out on all ſides to draw its Nouriſhiment. It is very thick, ſometimes roundiſh, being within viſcid, before it be boiled, and of a white, or reddiſh purple colour, and very mealy when boiled : of the big- neſs of ones Leg or Thigh. The Stalk is of the bigneſs of a Gooſe-Quill , ſquare, at each corner having a thin, reddiſh, extant Membrane, making it alated. It rurns and winds its ſelf round Poles by this Stalk, riſing nine or ten Foot high, and putting forth Leaves at every three Inches diſtance, ſet oppoſite to one another, having two Inches long, green, ſquare, alated Foot-Stalks. The Leaves are two Inches and a half long, an Inch and three quarters broad at the round Baſe, Almoſt of the ſhape of a Heart, and pointed, of a yellowiſh green colour, having many Ribs, taking tlieir bea ginning from the end of the Foot-Stalk, as from a common Center, with tranſverſe ones between. Ex alis foliorum come Inch or more long Strings, with ſmall Flowers of a yellowiſh green colour, to which follow many dark brown, ſmall Seeds, of an irregular ſhape, ſticking ſometimes to the String, and ſometimes to its Branches. Knox ſays that in Zeylon they grow wild in the Woods, and are there as good as thoſe planted, only they are more ſcarce, and grow deeper, and ſo are more difficult to be plucked up, therefore are generally planted and very cheap. Thoſe of Madagaſcar plant them in Fields plain and untill'd, and after twelve months dig, and keep them in Magazines, They are planted by the people for their King in November in holes a Foot ſquare, and at two Foot diſtance. id. They grow in many places of the Eaſt and Weſt-Indies. Dampier. They are eaten as Bread, being roſted under the Fire, or boiled, being very mealy. They are eaten likewiſe with Pepper and Oil, and for Bread in Guiney. They are planted, having no Seed, by putting a ſmall cut piece of one of the Roots into the ground. Lery. The Indians ſay that a great Caraibe, or Prophet, brought theſe, and taught a young Woman how to plant them by pieces, from whence they are come common, and eat in lieu of Bread. Thevet. Coſmogr. Theſe people lived on wild Herbs and Roots before. His figure is fabulous. The Author of the Hiſt. Lugd. Confounds this and Potatoes, for theſe Tams are not planted by the Slip but Root. They ſend them with Earth-Nuts, (Arachidna,) for Lisbon, from St. Thome, to Vidual their Slaves by the way. Cluf. Roell. doubts whether this Roor, being like Caffada, it be not that inno- cent one of Braſil, may be eaten, but that is another, and particular kind of Tuca. They grow in Zeylan. The Roots are eat by Swine and other Creatures. The Juice of the Leaves is good againſt Scorpions (biting The Root pow. dered with Catu-panna-Kelengu, is ſtrewed on malignant Ulcers, with good fucceſs, and uſed in Fomentations. H.M. for en bogston 3 cup poliod zgor in bus XXV. Von 140 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. < bet XXV. Volubilis nigra, radice tuberoſa compreſſa maxima digitata farinacea eſculenta folio cordato nervoſo. Cat. p. 46. Negro Country Iams. This has a great Root a Foot broad, and flatter than the former, almoſt palmated, or digitated after the manner of ſome Orchis's, of a durty brown colour on the out ſide. The Stalks are not alated, but rcund, in all other things they are the ſame with the former. They are both planted by cutting the Root in pieces, of about an Incha fquare, with a piece of the Rind on it, the larger the piece the bigger the Yam, Planting them in March or before, after Chriſtmas they are at their full growth. mol lol The Seed is not fruitful. aborto They being cut into pieces and boiled or roſted, are earen by Negros Slaves, or Europeans, inſtead of Bread, being a dry, mealy, pleaſant, and very nouriſhing Root, and for this end are very much planted here. bara Swine are fatted with theſe Roots in Zeylan. H.M. tool to Broado XXVI. Perſicaria urens five hydropiper C B. pin. Cat. p. 47. An Eloquitie herba geniculata Hernand. p. 210? Perficaria Americana anguſtiori folio hirfuto f. albis Plukenet. Alm. p.288 ? lliwells This Arſmast ſends out from every joint, touching the water or mud, a great many two Inch long Fibrils, ſhooting themſelves into them, thence drawing their Nouriſhment. The Stalk is round, jointed at every Inch and an half, not ſtraight, but inclining a little downwards, and two Foot long At every joint there is a Protuberance, and at it upwards is an half Inch long Membrane, covering the Stalk. The Leaves come out at each joint alterna- rively ſtanding on Inch long Foot-Stalks, they are eight Inches long, and two broad, where broadeſt, ſmooth, and in every thing like Perſicaria Leaves. The Flowers ſtand on the tops of the Branches, Spike faſhioned, like in colour, &c. to thoſe of tire ordinary Perficarias, and to them follows a black, flat, roundiſh, ſhining, ſmooth Seed, having two ſmall Prickles og points at each end. It grows by River ſides, and in moiſt grounds all over the Iliand, and comes very near, if it be nor altogether the ſame with our common European Perhcaria. A Fomentation of the Leaves of this, takes away old Aches and Colds of the Joints. Applied to the Os pubis, makes one Piſs , if they be ſtop'd from a cold cauſe. It is a very good Cauſtick, and uſed by Chirurgeons in Putrid and Wormy Ulcers, for that cauſe. It takes away hardned cumours. Pifon It is Commended in this caſe by Paracelſus. It is hot and dry, wafts Tumours, and diſſolves congealed Blood or echya mofis. Some of it put under the Saddle, and rub'd on a Horſes Back re- freſhes a tired Jade. Ger. Boiled in water, and applied, it carries away ill Humours from the Eyes. If beaten and applied with the Juice it helps purulent Eyes. It takes off Spots from the Body, if the Juice be rub'd on them Morning and Evening. It diſcuſſes hard Bruiſes and Swellings. Dorſt. an Flies, Gnats, or Fleas, come not near this Herb or its Juice, and there fore 'tis very good for fordid Ulcers. Trag, and to keep theſe Vermine from Rooms ftrowed with it. Its Juice kills Worms in the Ear. The Leaves dried are uſed for Pepper. Dioſcorid. wope york The Oil is good for a knotty Gour, which is made of the Juice of Arſmart, Lovage, and Shepherds-Purſe of each qi f. Five Black Weathers Heads, and fifteen Frogs boiled in balneo, in two quarts of Oil, to the dif- ſolution The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 141 folution of the Bones, then poured off and kept for uſe, it is good in To- phaceous and Oedematous Tumours. Lob. Obſ. The Juice of the whole Plant, ’bating the Root, boiled in Sergelim Oil, is a Cephalick Liniment, even to be applied in bleedings of the Noſe . The tender Leaves cum oryze lotura, made into a Potion, diminiſhes the humouc Paddave. H. M. This Herb Boiled with Oil makes a Liniment againſt the Gout. The Root being taken with hot water, looſens the Belly. The Leaves given in fower Milk affwage the ſwellings of the Belly. H. M. the Bruiſed and given with ſower Milk, it takes away the griping of the Guts. H. M. XXVII. Potamogeton aquis immerfum folio pellucido, lato, oblongo, acuto, Raii hift. p. 188. Cat. p. 48. Ar potamogiton pellucidum noftras, foliis longis, peranguſtis, apicibus acutis, Plukenet. Alm.p. 304? Moda This grows very plentifully in the ſalt and freſh water Rivers in the Caymanes. EVO XXVIII. Amaranthoides humile Curaſſavicum foliis polygoni Par. Bat. prodr. Par. B. P. 17. Cat. p. 48. Tab. 86. Fig: 2. The Stalks of this Herb are round, reddiſh, tender, hairy, jointed, and ſpread on the Surface of the Earth for ſome Feet in length. Almoſt every Joint puts forth ſome ſmall Roots or Fibrils into the Earth, as alſo fome Leaves of a dark green colour, and ſmooth above, hairy underneath, bigger, but of the ſhape of thoſe of Polygonum. At every joint likewiſe come out many white Tufts of Flowers, made up of many long white Membránes, dry, and not fading, laid Squammatim; one over another, very cloſe, and making in all a round Conglomerated Head. The Seeds are round, flat, and of a Cheſnut colour. bobtib ei doid 2p dong It grows in the Savannas, near the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, very plena tifully. F 18 10 nwoT od mods sosla isoval bas praia niewongal bi XXIX. Amaranthoides humile Curallavicum foliis cepee lucidis, capitalis albis par. Bat. prod. p. 15. Cat. p.48. From the Root of this are ſcattered, on every hand, a great many trailing Branches, lying on the ſurface of the Earth. They are a Foot long, round, red, jointed at every Inches diſtance, ſmooth, ſmall, and having Branchies fer oppoſite the one to the other at every joint . The Leaves are almoſt round, green, one third of an Inch long, coming out oppoſite to one ano- ther on the ſmaller Branches, upon the ends of which, for the moſt part, and of the twigs at every joint, come the Flowers, being ſet round in a Head, pretty cloſe togecher, like the Trefoils, each of them being long, tu- bulous, yellow within, and white above, having ſeveral yellow Stamini, the whole being a round Head, made up of many dry Leaves or Mem- branes laid clofe, Squammatim one over the other, as in others of this Kind. woloo slio It grew near the Sea fide among the Salt Marſhes, at the Canoes near old Harbour. lolla It is ſomewhat in qualities like to Sampier, the ſhort Branches and Leaves are a little boiled, and being covered with Vinegar, are kept as a Pickle to eat with Victuals, opening Obſtructions, moving Urin, and exciting the Appetite. Piſa okies to $ Oo XXX. Ama 142 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. beog bag to handog moda XXX. Amarantus fruticoſus erectus, Spica viridi, laxa & ſtrigoſa. Cat. p. 48. Tab. 92. Fig. I. This Shrub has greeniſlı, woody, and ſmall Stalks, it riſes to about two Foot and a half high. The Leaves are many, ſmooth, of a dark green colour, plac'd along the Branches without order, having half an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch long, and three quarters broad, a little from the round Baſe where broadeſt, and whence they decreaſe by degrees to the point. The Flowers ſtand in Spikes at the tops of the Branches, about three Inches long, are not open, but made up of five Leaves, of a yellowiſh green colour, in the middle of which is a large blackiſh Stylus, which comes in ſome time to be a Seed-Veſſel or Husk, containing ſeveral Seeds, each of which is ſcarce diſcernible to the Eye, ſhining, and of a brown colour, roundiſh, and hollow on one ſide like a Diſh if viewed by the Microſcope. It grows by the Banks of Rio Cobre, near the Town. Y ewors in T XXXI. Amarantus Siculus Spicatus radice perenni Boccone. Raii hiſt. p. 203. Plukenet. Tab. 260. Fig. 2. Cat. p.49. This Plant riſes three or four Foot high, by a ſquare, joinred, browniſh green Stalk, having Branches ſet oppoſite to one another, ex alis foliorum, at about two Inches diſtance. The Leaves ſtand on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, the greater ones being three Inches and an half long, and two broad in the middle, where broadeſt, with one middle Rib, being of a dark green colour, woolly, ſmooth, and pointed. The Flowers ſtand in Spikes on the Branches ends, ſix or feven Inches long, being placed on every ſide of the Stalk, appearing at firſt nothing but fhort reddiſh Hairs or Filaments, after which follow rough, prickly, green, reflected Capſuli's or Cones, each of which is divided into five points, containing in it one fmall oblong Seed, reddiſh, like Wheat, only fmaller. It grows in Ditches, and ſeveral places about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and in the Iſland Madera. XXXII. Amarantus, panicula flavicante, gracili, holoſericea. Cat. p.49. Tab. 90. Fig. 2. Amaranthus nodoſus palleſcentibus bliti foliis parvis , Americanus multi- plici , Specioſa, Spica, laxa ſeu panicula Sparſa candicante Plukenet. Almag. p. 26. Phytogr. Tab. 261. Fig. 1. Hoone This had weak, cornered, yellowiſh green, hollow, ſmooth Stalks, needing the ſupport, though not turning round, its neighbouring Plants, riſing to a- bout three Foot high, being as big as a Gooſe Quill, and having few joints, and thereat Leaves, ſtanding oppoſite to one another, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, they are about an Inch and an half long, and about half as broad near the round Baſe, where broadeſt, and from whence they end in a point, being ſmooth, and of a yellowiſh green colour. The tops of the Stalks, as well as Branches, growing ex alis fol. are branched Panicles, or branched Spikes of Flowers of a pale yellow colour, ſhining like Silk, as ſome of this Kind, only they are much ſmaller than any I know, otherwiſe like them in every thing elſe. It grew in the Hedges of Lime-Trees, among the Sugar Plantations in Gua- naboa, as well as in moſt of the Caribes. bongo niso baliod 96 976. govore enoibulldo gaisga elui siw 19 XXXIII. Blitum album majus ſcandens. Cat. p. 49. Tab. 91. Fig. 2. maranthus Americanus, altiffimus longifolius, fpicis è viridi albicantibus. Plum. Tournef. Inft. P 235? This The Natural Hiſlory of Jamaica. 143 This has a green Stalk as thick as ones Thumb, weak not able to ſupport its ſelf without the help of Shrubs or Trees, on which it leans, growing five, fix, or more Feet high, putting out here and there Branches, having Leaves at about an Inch and an halfs diſtance, ſtanding on Inch long Foor-Stalks. They are three Inches long, and half as broad, near the middle, where broadeſt, being narrow at the end of the Foor-Stalk, widening by degrees to near the middle, from whence they decreaſe to the end. They are ſmooth, of a dark green colour, and ſoft. Ex alis fol. come the ſeveral Spikes of Flowers, the Branches fuſtaining them, being two or three Inches long. At every half Inch is a Spike of Flowers about an Inch long. They are like thoſe of the Blites or Amaranti, pale green or of an herbaceous colour, a great many together, each of which has five Apices, a yellowiſh Styles, and Staming : after theſe follow in green Seminal Veſſels, or Husks, breaking horizontally, ſmall black Seeds, ſhining, compreſs d, and of the Figure of a Kidney. Dolos Hortoise It grew in a Wood by the Banks of the Rio Cobre, near the Town on the ſame ſide of the River, and on the Road between that place and Paſſage Fort, very plentifully. Ils 1 XXXIV. Blitum Americanim ſpinofum. Raii hiſt. p. 199. Cat. p. 49. Red Weed of Barbados. COMO An oblong deep reddiſh Root, with ſome Fibers, ſends up one, roundiſh, red, ſtrong, ſtriated Stalk, which has ſeveral Branches of the ſame colour, going out ex alis fol . The Leaves come along the Branches without any order, and are like thoſe of the ſmall Blites, and of a reddiſh colour, and uſually under them are ſome ſharp, ſhort, ſmall prickles. The Flowers come in long Spikes on the tops of the Branches, are of an herbaceous colour, and like thoſe of the other Blites, and after them, follow, ſmall, black, ſhining flar Seeds, like the others of this kind. It grows every where by the way fides in Jamaica, and the Caribe Iſlands, son dont nobox alls 1997ben The Leaves of this, as of others of its kind, are eaten in the Indies. Herm, ihmilo bus anos o I con ella XXXV. Blitum minus album polyfpermon folio fulrotundo. Cat. p. 49. Tab. 92. Fig. 1. An Blitum Virginianum Polyfpermon erectum viride, D. Sherardo Pluken. Alm. p 68. Caterpillers or Culilu. i The Root is large, ſtrong, perpendicularly fix'd in the Earth, ſtraight, reddish towards the top, and ſending out round it ſeveral Branches on every hand, often trailing on the ground, and very rarely erect, two or three Foot long, ſtriated, green, and fucculent, along which come out feveral Leaves, in thape, &c. exactly like thoſe of the ſmall white Blite, only fome- thing longer, and now and then covered with a browniſh Farina. The Flowers are Spike faſhioned, very numerous, along the Branches, they are green, like thoſe of this Kind, and to each Flower follows one Seed, round, compreſſed, black, ſhining, and little, very well incloſed in a pale green Membrane. Ona It grows every where in the low Lands, and Plantations, and is to be ga- thered very plentifully every where after Rain. adio It is gathered, and when the Leaves are ſtript off, and boited as a Sallet, is one of the pleaſanteſt I ever taſted, having ſomething of a more fragrant and grateful taſt, than any of theſe Herbs I ever knew: whence likewiſe 'tis ſhred and boiled in Portages of all ſorts, and ſo caten, is emollient, looſning, and provokes to a Stool. 1992 geignid moblol yiov 2003 Llama 144 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. It is uſed in Clyſters in the Belly-ach, as the beſt and moſt common emol- lient Herb, this Country affords. It is eat as Spinage, &c. for the ſame purpoſes. Piſ . Marg. Marcgraves Figure is good. The Figure here exhibited was taken in time of drough XXXVI. Blitum polygonoides viride, fex ex viridi allo variegatum, polje anthos. Cat. p. 49. T'ab.92. Fig. 2. Upon every ſide of a white, deep, and ſingle Root, are ſpread ſeveral Foot long, green, round Stalks. The Leaves are ſet along the Branches, and juſt like thoſe of the ſmall, wild, green Blite, only ſometimes they are va- riegated very pleaſantly with a large white ſpot. The Flowers come out of the Stalk very thick on every ſide round it for near its whole length, but more eſpecially ex alis fol. without any Foot-Stalks. Each of them is ſmall penta- petalous, of a pale green colour, with a purple ſtroak on each of the Petala, and a green Stamen within, after each of which follows a round, compreſs’d, blackiſh brown ſhining Seed. bso Ion bns viola to bilo OTE If any one will make this a Polygonum they ſhall have my leave, for it is ſomewhat anomalous, and becauſe of its pretty large perfect Flower, ought to be neither Blite nor Polygonum. It grows in hard Claiy grounds, and amongſt Rubbiſh, every where a- bout the Town of St Jago de la Vega. This is not the Portulaca affinis polygonoides bliti folio eo facie Maderoſpan tenſis of Dr. Pluken. in his Phyt. Tab. 120. Fig. 3. as he thinks it may, p. 155. of his Mantiſſa. XXXVII. Blitum pes Anſerinus dictum Raii. Cat. p. 49. Gooſe-Foot or Sowbane. stil wolo I found this growing on the fides of the Streets, and by the High-way fides near the Town of St. Fago de la Vega. It ſeemed not to differ from that of Europe, only the Root was larger, the Stalks reddiſh, not ſo high, and the Leaves were whiter, being covered over with a whitiſh Meal, all which may come from the variety of Soils and Climates. If it be eaten by Swine it kills them. Lon. Trag. Fuchſ. XXXVIII. Parietaria foliis ex adverfo naſcentibus, urtice racemifere flore. Cap. p. 50. Zab. 93. Fig. I. arolli I could not obſerve this Parietaria here, in any thing different from thar in Europe, only the Branches and Leaves ſtand oppoſite one to the other at joints, and the Stalks are ſquare, green, ſmooth, and ſhining, ſometimes reddiſh. The Flowers are racemoſe, having Strings like Nettles coming out ex alis foliorum. I am apt to believe on theſe ſcores it may be really diffe- rent from the Parietaria's of Europe.it It grows on the ſides of the ſhady Rocks going to fixteen Mile walk, and ſeveral ſuch like places of this Įſland. OSSO XXXIX. Kali fruticofum, coniferum, flore albo. Cat. p. 50. Another fort of Sampier. only one zbard wol oda at This has ſeveral upright, woody, round, gray Stalks, about a Foot hight, branched towards the tops, and having there many round, green Leaves, three quarters of an Inch long, ſucculent, and ſale to the taſt, ſet uſually op- pofite to one another, and ſomething like the Leaves of Kali, the Flowers are white, very ſmall, and coming out from between the green Scales, of a ſmall Cone, never, or very ſeldom bringing Seed. Lots of loyong bus eve TC The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 145 It grows on the fandy, falt, marih Grounds at Paffage Fort in the very Town, and in other ſuch places in this Iſand. It is pickled and candied in Barbados. XL. Herniaria lucida aquatica. Cat. p.50. Tab. 93. Fig: 2. The Roots of this are many, ſmall and hairy. The Stalk is green, round, erect, lucid, or almoſt tranſparent, about a Foot high, having on each ſide alternatively a ſmall Branch, and oppoſite to it a tuft of Leaves, and out of the Branches after the ſame manner come Twigs, having very ſmall, green, lucid Leaves, like thoſe of Polygonum, only ſmaller in every part, very thick fet, one againſt another. The Flowers come out ex eorum ala, on very ſmall Petioli, either reddiſh, or green, which looked on by the Eye, arm'd with a Microſcope, appear Tetrapetalous. The Seed follows as ſmall as duft. The whole Plant is adſtringent to the taſt. znibolls na మన బడి It grows on the Banks of moſt Rivers, and on the wet ſides of Rocks.co ino XLI. Corchoro affinis, chamadryos folio, flore ſtamineo, feminibus atris quae drangulis duplici ferie diſpoſitis . Cat. p. 150. Tab. 94. Fig. 1. An Corchorus Americanus minor carpini folio ſiliqua anguſtiſſima ex lateribus ramulorum proved niente. Br. pr. 2. p. 36? omo mogli di Tito This has a very deep blackiſh coloured Root, which ſends up a round, browniſh, woody Stem, riſing three or four Foot high, being divided into Branches on every Hand. The Leaves come out ſeveral together, ſome greater, ſome ſmaller, at half an Inches diſtance, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are half an Inch long, and a quarter broad, at Baſe where broadeſt, of a graſs green colour, indented about the edges, and fmooth. Oppoſite to the Leaves comes yellow Flowers, being ſtamineous, after which follows a two Inch long, dark brown Pod, or Seed-Veſſel, ſomething like thoſe of the Seſamum, only having two round ſides, inſtead of four, five, or fix; in each of which two rows, are contained, a great many black, quadrangular, ſmall Seeds, the rows or fides being ſeparated from one another by a Membrane, dividing them. The Pod when ripe opens at the end, and ſcatters the Seed. It grew on a rocky Hill, on which Colonel Fuller's Houſe was built, and in ſeveral rocky grounds near Guanaboa. XLII. Aparine paucioribus foliis ſemine lævi. Cat. p. 50. Tab. 94. Fig. 2. The Root is jointed, having at every joint ſeveral hairy fibers ſtriking themſelves into the Earth, ſending up a jointed, greeniſh ſquare Staik, four or five Foor high, ſtriated, a little rough and hollow, ſlender, and needing the ſupport of neighbouring Plants. At the joints which are always protu- berant and reddiſh, ſtand the Leaves oppoſite one to the other, on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an Inch and a quarter long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where broadeſt, of a pale green colour, a little rough. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, are pale green, Muſcoſe, or made like Fuli, each of which is a quarter of an Inch long. After theſe follow ſeveral brown Seed-Veſiels diſpoſed Verticillatim, two being always joined together, each being round on one ſide, or Semicircular, and fat on the other, and both make a Globe, each half containing one black Seed, of the ſame ſhape. on Hotell i Salomon bloos It grows plentifully amongſt the Woods going from Town to Guana- boa, &c. yd cw ma 25 taw bacho o ovom som Рp CHAP 146 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. WO C = A P: VI: Digee metro Of Herbs with monopetalous Flowers. I N Jamaica the Tribe of Plants with monopetalous Flowers is pretty large, eſpecially that elegant Sett of them called Convolvuli . They are moſt beautiful{for the number and elegancy of the colours of their Flowers, far exceeding thoſe of Europe. 'Tis ſomewhat odd, that whereas moſt of this kind of Plant are Purgative, a ſort of Potato, firſt Convolvulus here mentioned, affords a Root, which by being an Aliment, goes a great way in affording Nouriſhment to the Inhabitants of the hotter parts of the World. It is alſo remarkable that there are more Convolvuli than one here, which have only one Seed following the Flower; whereas, generally ſpeaking, there are in moſt Convolvuli thrée, and yet no perſon verſed in Herbs, but who on reading the Deſcription, or at firſt ſight of theſe Plants, but muſt by the whole face of them, allow them to be true Convolvuli. There are ſome of this Tribe that ſeem ſomewhat more anomalous than ordinary, all I can ſay to my reducing them hither, is, that 'tis the beſt place I could find, and that I ſhall be very glad any body of better Judge ment will find a more proper. There are none in this Tribe ſtranger than the Kinds of Arum, many of which are fcandent, and ſeveral cultivated for Food, ſome for their Roots, and others for their Leaves, as ſhall be ſeen hereafter. Galen feems to take notice of Colocafia Roots, and Apicius has many Receipts for dreſſing of them. J. Nicotiana major latifolia, C. B. Cat. p.51. Petun de Bouton. p. 80. Tabac. Ejuſd. p. 124. Tabaco de Eſquemeling, P. 52. & 57. Tabacum ſeu nicotiana major latifolia Eyft. Petun on Tabacque ou Nicotien de Flacourt. p. 146. p. 146. Tobacco of Dampier. cap. 12. Tabac de Biet. p. 336. De Rochef. Tab. p. 57. De Olivier Oexmelin, p. 76. De Maire, p. 80. Tabacum Mirand. fin. de Eur. p. 873. Sana Saneta Indorum five Nicotiana Gallorum. Smert. part. 2. Tab. 23. Tobacco acord This growing here agrees exactly to the Deſcription given of it in Authors. It is planted by moft Planters in their Plantations, for the uſe of them- ſelves, and in ſome for Sale. Before the Engliſh took this Iſland, the Spaniards had here as good as any was in the Indies, which they were careful of, and planted it by the dry River ; but the Engliſh not taking care of their Seed, they loſt the beſt forts, and what they have now is planted along the Banks of this River. ва Д Tobacco was moſt planted, uſed, and in eſteem in the North parts of America, where probably (the want of Proviſions being greater than in moſt parts of the World) it in ſome meaſure help'd the Inhabitants to paſs their time without them. Nicol tells us five of his Company were loſt in time of diſtreſs, who could not ſmoke it, though he confeffes it did not Nouriſh. From the Weſt-Indies it was propagated to the Eaſt-Indies, Africa, &c. and in 1586. 'twas by Sir Francis Drake brought into England. In all places where it has come, it has very much bewitched the Inhabitants from the more polite Europeans, to the Barbarous Hottentots. W bas los misemol 11 som id oda mThis The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 147 This Plant having a Narcotick intoxicating quality, was uſed in the Weſt- Indies by their Prieſts, to Dream and ſee Viſions by, as appears by Lopez de Gomara, Roulox Baro, Monardes and Moriſot, viz. The Prieſts of Eſpanola, called Bohitis, who are Phyſitians likewiſe do eat of this bray'd or made ſmall, or the ſmoak of it is taken into their Noſtrils, when they are to give anſwers, by which they ſee many Viſions, being not themſelves. The fury being over they recount for the will of God what they have ſeen. When they Cure they ſhut themſelves up with the Sick, ſurround him, ſmoaking him with the ſame, fuck out of his Shoulders what they ſay was his Diſeaſe, ſhowing a Stone or Bone they kept in their Mouths, which Women keep as Relicks, thinking they facilitate Birth Lopez de Gomara. They cannot in Braſil Sacrifice without Tobacco, nor conſult the Devil in their Affairs. The Prieſt offers a great Pipe of Tobacco, and Bleſſes them with its Smoak. Roulox Baro, p. 225. and 238. In going to War and Weddings the Devil ſmoaks out of a Coco, and the Prieſt Incenſes the People. Moriſot. 300. Prieſts, and Indian Inchanters, take the fume till drunk, and fall in an Extaſie, giving an ambiguous anſwer, and then tell people of the ſucceſs of their buſineſs. Mon. this bar The Oil or Juice dropt into the Ear is good againſt Deafneſs, and is uſed outwardly againſt Burns. Ger. A Clyfter being -ready to be given with a Bladder, the ſmall end of a Tobacco-Pipe was put into the Bladder and tied (but ſo that it might be drawn cloſer after the Pipe is pulled out) that had Tobacco in the Bole, which only blowing the Smoak thereof into the Bladder, and ſo given (as a Clyſter) hath given perfect caſe. Park. This Cuſtom is yet con- tinued of giving Tobacco ſmoak Clyſters, with ſucceſs in Colicks. It was brought into France by one Nicotius, an Ambaſſador, who got it at Lisbon of a Flandriquen, who came from Florida about 1560. C. B. pin. The Seed lies long before it riſes from the ground, therefore it is fown in Autumn. F.B. The Syrup of the Juice, or infuſion in Wine, is a good Aſthmatick Re- medy. Park Four òr five Ounces of the juice drank by one, a ſtrong Man, in a Dropſie, purg'd him vehemently up and down, and then put him into a Sleep, after which he call'd for Meat, and was cur'd. Dod. If Tobacco be Bruiſed and put on Wounds, it Cures them if ſmall, if large they muſt be waſh'd with Wine and ſtitch’d. This was taught our Men by the Indians, and did us much ſervice in conquering Provinces. They Burn Shells, and mix the Powder with this Leaf, holding a Pill between their Teeth and under Lip, ſwallowing ever now and then the Spittle, it hinders the ſence of Hunger or Thirſt for three or four days. The Green Leaf put on the Spleen, helps its Obſtructions, or a Rag dipt in its juice. If it be uſed likewiſe in Leaf, or in Subſtance chawed, it draws away the Flegm occaſioning it. Fragoſ. It is heating and drying, cleanſing, reſolving, binding, and is a Countera Poyſon, from thence it is called Herba Santa of the Portugueſe. The freſh Leaves and their Juice, and Balſom, do not only check cancerous Ulcers, but heal poyſonous Bites. The Water, or other convenient Liquor, in which it has been infuſed, kills Lice, and cleanſes the Head of many of its Skins Diſeaſes. The Aſhes of it, when dry, kill Worms. Chaw'd it takes away Hunger and Wearineſs. By its ſpicy quality it ſtrengthens the Stomach and Heart. It ſometimes cauſes vomiting, at other times Sleep, and draws away Flegm from the Brain, if {moak'd or chaw'd, making ſometimes thoſe uſing it Drunk, 148 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Drunk. The Syrup of Tobacco is good againſt the Aſthma and Dropfie, but muſt be given with Caution, becauſe it fometimes Works very vio- lently. Piſo It is ſharp to the taſt, hot and dry in the third Degree. The Smoak makes one Spit much Flegm, it is good for the Aſthma, and Wheeling, cures Hyſterick Fits, forengthens the Head, brings Sleep, cafes Pain, and takes away Wearineſs. A Leaf rubbed with an oiled Hand, and applied hot to the Stomach and Back helps Digeſtion, and Cures Surfeits ; the ſame diſ- cuſſes a ſwelld Spleen, eaſes pains from Cold, cleanſes ancient and can- cerous Ulcers, begetting Fleſh, and cicatrizing them. The Juice dropt into the Wound, ſome dry Powder (trowed on it, and the Marc put on after the ſame way Cures Wounds of the Head, if the Bones or Nerves be not touched." It Cures the Tooth-ach put into the hollow. Tooth: The Powder taken at the Noſe hinders one from pain, and the ſenſe of Stroaks. As much as a Nut-Shell will hold of the Bark Inebriates, making them half dead and Mad, but thoſe who uſe it much loſe their Colours, have inflam'd Livers, ſquallid Tongues, and falling into Cachexia and Droplie dye. It reſiſts Poy. ſon, ſome of the Powder, or Juice put into the wounded and poyſoned part, this was the Remedy uſed by the Cannibals ; and try'd on a Dog by the King of Spain. It Eaſes the Gout, and all pains from Wind. The Dee coction ſprinkled about the Houſe kills Flies. Dry Leaves powdered ten parts, with Lime chawed one part, brings Sleep, eaſes pain, gives pati- ence, Cures the Tooth-ach and pain of the Stomach. The Leaves are good for Strume, and are chawed for the Gour and fried with Butter, the Oil rub'd, Cures the Colick. A Syrup made by Infuſion and Decoction is good againſt Worms, to two Spoonfuls . The Juice is given by ſome to four or five Ounces, but is too violent a Purger upwards and downwards. The diſtilld water is good likewiſe. A Leaf uſed like a Suppoſitory, Cures Quartanes. Hernand. Kodi jaguond They mix the Seed with five times ſo much Aſhes, Sow it, and cover the ground with Branches to keep of too much Sun, and replant it in a rainy time, at three Foot ſquare diſtance; weeding it, and croping the top when going to Flower, as alſo the under Leaves, leaving ten or twelve Leaves on each Stalk, about two Foot high, clearing it of new Shoots every eight days. When the Leaf, by doubling breaks, they cut it, and ſtring it, ſo as not to touch one another, and after fifteen days drying, take off the Leaves, out the Ribs, and twine it with Salt water into Ropes, to be made in Rolls. Tertre. Ximenes tells a Story of one, who in fifteen days, with excellive taking Tobacco, at all Hours, Chocolate and Wine, had his Legs and Feer ſwelled, and was all broke out, and argues that it gives no Nouriſhment, Nor, if it be Phyſick, ought at all times to be uſed. It was anciently uſed by the Indians for a Vulnerary, and only ſent into Spain for its Handſomneſs for Gardens, but is now in uſe for its Faculties. Its name was Picielt, Tobacco was given to it by the Spaniards, from the Illand of that name, where it grew very frequently. The Leaves Cure the Head-ach, being applied to it after being heated, and the Tooth-ach be- ing put into the hollow Tooth. They eaſe all outward pains from the Stomach, Stone, and Uterus. The Smoak wakes an Hyſterick Perſon. Mon. Sir Richard Greenfield, on his diſcovery of Virginia in 1585. found the Indians uſed Tobacco in Clay-Pipes for their Health, whence he brought ſome Pipes, and they were made after the ſame Faſhion in England, and thence uſed very much at Court. Cluſ. Tobacco was firſt ſhowed in the Eaſt-Indies by the Dutch Seamen. Van- derhagen. . slor Séamen A SEO 7 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 149 ing foreh much Seamen uſed to carry Pipes about then made of Palm Leaves, in which they ſmoaked to caſe their wearineſs, bringing forth much Phlegm : It takes away Hunger and Thirſt, Lob. After the Indians have gathered it, and hang'd it up by ſmall handfuls, and dry'd it in their Houſes, they take four or five Leaves, and wrap them up in a great Leaf of a Tree, like a Paper made like a Funnel in which Spices are put, and put fire to the end, and draw it into their Mouths, which although the Smoak comes out again, yet by it they ſubliſt three or four days. When they go to War, or deliberate on it, they ſmoak and ſpeak, if they take too much of it, it inebriates as Wine, and occaſions great diſturbance in thoſe who take it. Thevet. 19 = US buto boos og by ei air It is a Counter-Poyſon. Acoſta. mara baszorsogos blod o bre di dive It is uſed in Leaves rolled up and ſmoak’d, they, who take it, lye ſenſe- leſs and ſtupefied moſt part of the day and night. Others take more mode- rately, having a Vertigo. I was forced out of the Houſes by Smoak. Prieſts and Phyſicians are the ſame in all places where I was. They Smoak, and lie Rupefied.inda pa 'Tis very likely the Powder mentioned by Fernan Colon. p. 125. to be fuck'd from the Statue of Cemi, was this, for with it the Indians went out of their Senſes like drunken Men, and likewiſe 'tis the Cogioba of Roman there. p. 132. and Cohoba, with which drawn by the Noſe in Powder, the Bohitis are out of their Senſes, and pretend Revelations. p. 144. They give likewiſe the Powder to purge the diſeaſed with, ib. It makes them fee People and Houſes topſie turvvy. p. 138. caseid gides anoldo an It was in Juice uſed againſt poyſoned Arrows, in place of Sublimar at Porto Rico. Lugd. and for Wounds and Ulcers in Cattle, and was eaten to prevent the Gouro id anggo bas baronto şimals sangere also It is very vulnerary. Oviedo. 1o cic bas risal oila lo oodhul orli gnole Upon the whole matter 'tis moſt certain, nor only by the Eye Witneſſes abovementioned, but many others, that Tobacco is a Plant of very ex- traordinary Vertues, not only for (ill natur'd Ulcers, but even poyſon’d Wounds. That chawed, tfnuff’d or ſmoak’d, 'tis good for Catarrhs, Head- aches, Rheums, Defluxions, the Gour, Aſthma, &c. 'Tis likewiſe very certain that the Prieſts or Phyſitians made uſe of this to intoxicate them felves witbal, and afterwards to abuſe the People, by telling them whar they faw, or pretended to ſee, or foreſee in ſuch Extaſies, would be the event of Wars, &c.on From this Narcotick quality it is, that thoſe who uſe stimproperly, or in exceſs, turn yellowiſh, fall into Obſtructions, and fuffer almoſt the fame Accidents as Perſons that drink exceſſively of fer- mented Liquors, or take Opium in too great a quantity. From this Nar- cotick quality it is alſo not unlikely that it takes off the ſenſe of Hun- ger, thereby calming the Mind, whereby 'tis hindered from fretting the Body. oisinastrado ninaloolvais & bosarly storw Ytby SIS on odio ung acid bas Ils on: 20 l aillodd to II. Gentianella flore cæruleo, integro vaſculo ſeminali ex humidi contactu ima patiente. Cat. p. 52. Tab. 93. Fig. 1. Gentianella utriuſque Indiæ impatiens foliis agerati, Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 186. *Fig; 2. Alm. p. 167. Spirit-Leaf. This has ſeveral brown, round, ſtraight, an Inch and an half long Roots, almoſt finger'd like thoſe of the Oenanthe's. From theſe riſe two or three Stalks, four or five Inches high, at about one Inches diſtance jointed, and four ſquare, and at the joints come out the Leaves. They are ſomething like thoſe of Mercurialis, of a dark blewiſh green colour. Ex alis foliorum, come the Flowers. They are large, monopetalous, like thoſe of the Convolvuli, Bell faſhion'd, and of a delicate blew colour, after which ſucceeds a four ſquare, brown, Inch long Seed Veſſel ; containing a great many flat, brown Seeds. Q.9 When roda 150 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. When any wet touches the end of the Seed Veſſel, with a ſmart noiſe, and ſudden leap it opens its ſelf, and with a ſpring ſcatters its Seed to a pretty diſtance round it, where it grows. It grows under the Shrubs in the Savannas about the Town, and is in per- fection ſome time after a rainy ſeaſon. The admirable contrivance of Nature, in this plant, to propagate its ſelf, is moſt plain, for the Seed-Veſſels being the beſt preſerver of the Seed, 'ris there kept from the injuries of Air and Earth, till it be rainy, when 'tis a proper time for it to grow, and then it is thrown round the Earth as Grain by a skilful Sower. This is a very good Wound-Herb, a very excellent Salve, being made with it and Suet boild together, and then ſtrain'd. It is us'd likewiſe applied on Iſſues to make them run. I ſhould not have taken this Plant to be mentioned by Dr. Plukenet, as above, had not he poſitively faid ſo, p. 167. of his Mantifja. wecke III. Convulvulus radice tuberoſa eſculenta , Spinachia folio, flore albo, fun- do purpureo, ſemine poft fingulos flores fingulo. Cat. p. 53. Patatas de Eſquea meling, P.54. Batatas Hifpanorum Swert . part. 2. Tab. 35. Patales de Bouton. p. 47. Patates de Biet. p. 334. Rochef. Tabl . p. 48. Convolvulus angulofis fo- liis, Malabaricus radice tuberoſa eduli. Plukenet. Almag. p. 114. Potatoes of Dampier. p. 10.Ó. An Mawandres de Flacourt. p. 116? Spaniſh Patatas. The Root is tuberous, for ſhape and bigneſs very uncertain, but being for the moſt part oblong, as big as a Hen-Egg, from a ſwelld middle tapering to both extremes, yellow, and ſweet within when roaſted, taſting like a boild Cheſnut, and having many fibrils, by which it draws its Nouriſhment. The Stalks are green, a little cornered, and creeping for many Feet in length along the ſurface of the Earth, and putting forth Leaves and Flowers at every Inches diſtance. The Leaves ſtand on five Inch long green Foot-Stalks, they are almoſt Triangular, having two Ears, and a ſharp point oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk. They are five Inches broad from Ear to Ear, and three from the Foot-Stalks end to the point, having under them purple Ribs, being ſoft, ſmooth, and of a yellowiſh green colour, ſomething reſembling the Leaves of Spinage. The Flowers come out ex alis fol. ſtanding on a three or four Inches long, green Foot-Stalk, being monopetalous, Bell Faſhion'd, not very open, purple within and whitiſh without, having in the middle ſome Star mina, and a Stylus. After each Flower uſually follows one Seed, brown, and having ſeveral depreſſions in it. It is incloſed in a roundiſh, brown, mem- branaceous Capſula, under which ſtand five brown capſular withered Leaves, as in the other Convolvuli. SUS There is another Kind of this, the ſame in every thing, only the Roots are reddiſh, which is as common as the white, and grows indifferently with it. They are every where planted after a rainy Seaſon in the Plantations, for Proviſion, by the ſlip, a piece of the Stalk and Leaves, being put either into the plain Field after Howing, or into little Hillocks raiſed through the Field, in which they are thought to thrive better. In four months after planting they are ready to be gathered, the ground being filld with them, and if they continue therein any longer they are eaten by Worms. Linſchoten, in his Deſcription of America, feems to make Ages and Bataa tos two Roots, which are nevertheleſs the ſame. or They vary very much as to the figure and bigneſs of the Root, the co- lour of its Skin being ſometimes red, and moſt commonly white. They are ſometimes turbinated, at other times round, and moſt commonly biggeſt in the middle, and tapering to both extremes.wblolob s lo bas moins bol awozdysim jong s gunshop inov baga gnol dont word tor They The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 151 They are boild or roaſted under the Aſhes, and thought extraordinary good and nouriſhing Food, and becauſe of their ſpeedy attaining their due growth and perfection, they are believed to be the moſt profitable fort of Root for ordinary Proviſion portons They are uſed in great quantities to make the Drink called Mobby. In dry times when Graſs is ſcarce, or at any other, the tops are given to feed Rabbets. They are windy. Pifo. puodotora Peter Martyr reckons up many ſorts, only differing in the colour of the Skin, and Benzo ſpeaks of Haias leſs, and more favoury, which I believe is only a variety of this. They are very nouriſhing and provoke to venery. Many conſerves, like to Marmelade of Quinces, are made of them. Linſchot. They are common at Velez-Malaga, whence ten or twelve Cara- vels are loaded with them every year to Sevil. They are temperate and looſning. Mon. People feed on them in Trinidado. Thevet. They are ripe in ſix months, and Breed Wind. Benzo. Theſe Roots were by Colon brought from the Weſt-Indies into Europe, in his firſt Voyage, to ſhew the different Productions of the one and the other. Lopez de Gom hoordlisboord ono burgool esdal They are planted by the Slip, the Root being neceſſary for Bread, which is a great Providence. Ludg. 16 traistot oromgotch They are beſt about Malaca. Cluf. From whence they were brought to Cadiz and Spain. Jon Ismail Gloilo diw borovog IV. Convolvulus radice tuberoſa, eſculenta, minore, purpurea. Cat.p.54. Batates Ind. Or. part. 6. p.85. Red Spaniſh Batatas. This has a Root four or five Inches long, as big as ones Finger, biggeſt in the middle, having a ſmall lower end, and ſeveral fibrils drawing its Nouriſha ment from the Earth. It is of a very deep red, or purple colour, and bea ing broken, yields Milk very plentifully, which dyes of a purple colour. The Stalks were two or three Foot long, round, and green, putting forth at every Inch, or more, Leaves very like thoſe of the precedent, only not fo large, nor cornered, of a deep graſs green colour, and thin, almoſt like thoſe of a Violet, ſtanding on an Inch, or a two Inches long Foot-Stalk. This here deſcribed was a very young Plant. It grew at Colonel Bourdens Plantation, beyond Guanaboa, where it was planted. It is uſed only to give Mobby a fine reddiſh colour. V. Convolvulus maximus, caule ſpinalis obtulis obfito, flore albo, folio bederaceo, anguloſo. Cat.p.55. Tab. 96. Fig. 1. This grows to a very great length, covering ſometimes many Trees, or the Banks of Rivers for many Paces, having a round and reddiſh Stalk, arni'd with blunt, herbaceous, and ſhort, variouſly ſhap'd Prickles, winding its ſelf about any thing it comes near, or creeping along the ſurface of the ground. At unequal diſtances come out ſmooth Leaves, ſtanding on fix Inches long Foot-Stalks, they are three pointed, being four Inches long from the Foot-Stalks end to their points, and as broad from Ear to Ear at the baſe, there being a defect or Sinus from the Ears to the Point. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, ſtanding upon an Inch long Foot-Stalks, having a four Inches long, green tabulis, from whence, by degrees, it opens its ſelf into a white monopetalous Bell-Flower, of five Inches Diameter, a litrie finuared, and having five green diſcernible ſtreaks on its out fide: The Seed-Veſſel 152 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. CO has five little, brown, ſhort, capſular Leaves, ſtanding underneath. It is an Inch long, pyramidal and brown, having four protuberances, and con- tains three irregularly figur'd large Seeds, very dark brown colour'd, hard and ſmooth. Cita sabio moltoo It grows by the ſides of Black River, and Rio Cobre, very plentifully. 01 The Leaves of this are very different from thoſe of the Convolvulus A mericanus, fubrotundis foliis, viticulis ſpinoſis. Plukenet. Tab. 276. Fig.3. Alm. p. 115. So that they cannot be the ſame, though Dr. Plukenet. p. 54. Mant, thinks it may be the ſame. lo ed uni ous enolon orodd ditiw ovat siom brts élo Hoat ouma bas nila VI. Convolunlus major heptaphyllos, flore fulphureo, odorato, fpeciociffimo. Cat. p.55. Tab.96. Fig. 2. Spaniſh Arbor Vine, or Spaniſh Woodbind. dT This has a round tuberaus Root, as large as ones Head, ſending forth a brown, corner'd Stalk, which mounts, and turns round the higheſt Trees, and covers them with its numerous Branches. The Leaves come out at three or four Inches interval, they are finger'd like thoſe of the Hedera quinquefolia s, green, round Foot-Stalks, and be- ing divided into ſeven Fingers or Diviſions, each Section having a middle Rib, beginning narrow, growing larger, and ending in a point. The Secti- ons at baſe are ſhorteſt, and narroweſt, each growing larger to the ſeventh, which is four Inches long, and one broad, thin, ſmooth, and dark coloured. The Flowers ſtand on three Inches long, round, green Foot-Stalks, com- ing out ex alis fol. being monopetalous Bell Faſhion'd, of a very fine yellow colour, and ſmelling ſweet. After theſe follow the Seeds, contained in a Capſula as big as a ſmall Wallnur. The Capſula is thin, membranaceous, brown, and covered with folioſe, or capſular Leaves, ſticking to its Baſe. Theſe Seeds are very large, being uſually three, and triangular, having one round ſide, and being of a dark brown colour, looking like Sattin, by many brown Hairs, are on their ſurface: nol abortovi 10 20 30 It grows among the Trees by the Banks of Rio-Cobre near the Town, and is planted by Arbors to make ſhades, they covering them, and by their Leaves keeping out the Sun-Beams, better than any one of this Kind know. BATOT HT 6 A Planter finding this tuberous Root in his ground, very plentifully, thought that he had found a new ſort of Proviſion like Batatas for his New groes ; but he was miſtaken for on boyling this Root as the others it would not at all reliſh with them. ga This cannot be the Convolvulus Americanus villoſas pentaphyllus du heptaphyla los major. Herm. as Dr. Plukenet thinks, P. 55. of his Mantila. be cuolo ribbor ddoM evig of vino blu ei VII. Convolvulus pentaphyllos, flore pallide flaveſcente, caule hirſuto, pungente. Cat. p. 55. An Convolvulus Americanus, pentaphyllos, folio glabro dentato, via ticulis hirfutis. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p.84? The Root of this Plant is oblong, and tuberous, of an Aſh colour, from which riſes a large purple Stem, branch'd out into others, very tough, and purple, taking hold, and climbing up by its Stalk any Plant or Herb it comes The hairy long prickles on the Stalks of this Plant are pricking and troubleſome, like thoſe on Cowhage. At about two Inches diſtance, come out the Flowers and Leaves, the latter ſtand on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being divided into five Sections from the Center of its Foot- Stalks, as Lupins, agnus caftus, or Hedera quinquefolia Canadenſis Cornuti. That Section oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, is about an Inch long, the reſt being ſhor- ter, in proportion to their being near the Baſe, being all ſmooth, and of a pale green colour, like the Leaves of Burnet. The Flowers come out ex alis fol. Atanding on two lach long Foot-Stalks. They are ſmall, monopetalous, Bell near. The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 153 Bell faſhion’d, of a very pale yellow colour, having a green pentaphyllous calyx. After the Flowers follows a round Capſula, divided into four Loču- laments or Cells, in each of which lies one brown Seed, covered with a woolly Hair, triangular, round on one ſide, and flat on the two others; each Cell being by ſeveral membranes divided from the others. Thio It grows in the Savannas, and by the Rivers fides very plentifully. pront I think this Plant agrees with Dr.Plukenet's Convolvulus quinquefolius, glaber, &c. as I have ſaid in my Catalogue, notwithſtanding his being of another Opinion. Mant. p. 55. Toda fint ad 1sborr ilgaida V9 cions genad Shol dont to be S 918 arvolt ott VIII. Convolvulus pentaphyllos minor, flore purpureo. Cat. p. 55. Tab. 97. Fig. 1. binoita 16 qoron Samboyol A ſmall ſtringy Root, fends up a round purple Stalk, winding about any thing near it, and riſing two Foot high, on which, here and there, ſtand purpliſh green, five pointed, ſmooth Leaves, the notches reaching almoſt to the purple Foot-Stalks end, ſomewhat like Papaw Leaves. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, they are monoperalous, of a purple colour, and very pleaſant, after which follows a round, brown Capſula, membranaceous, and incloſing the Seed, as the other Convolvnli . TOUS It grew among the prickly Pears in the Town Savanna, going towards two Mile Wood. yd Dolson on 9 'Tis eaſie by comparing the Deſcription and Figure of this, and the Cone volvulus quinquefolius, glaber, Americanus. Plukenet. Phyt. Tah. 167. Fig. 6. That that plant and this are different, though Dr. Flukenet, p. 55. of his Mantiſſa, thinks they may be the ſame. 13:30 IX. Convolvulus major polyanthos, longiſſime latiffimeque repens, floribus albis, minoribus, odoratis. Cat. p. 55. Tob. 97. Fig. 2. dunia The Plant covers ſometimes a great many Trees, and ſometimes Paſtures for a great breadth. It has a broad or compreſs’d, flat, long, cornered Root, of a browniſh colour, from whence many ſtrings go under the ſurface of the Earth, to draw Nouriſhment to the whole Herb. The Stalks are whitiſh, broad, ſmooth, having ſeveral round eminencies on their ſurface, and riſe abour any Tree they come near, to ſometimes a very great heighth, at other cimes ſpread on the ſurface of the Earth to a great breadth, putting forth Branches adorn'd with Leaves at an Inch and an halfs diſtance. They are ſhap'd like a Heart, an Inch and a half long from the Inch long Foot-Stalk to the end of the Leaf, and an Inch broad at the round Baſe, where broadeſt, ſmooth, foft, and of a darkiſh green colour. The Flowers come out on the Branches in grear numbers. They ſtand on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are monopetalous, Bell faſhion'd, white, with five greeniſh Faſcie, little in re- ſpect of the Plant, and ſmelling very ſweet. After each of theſe Flowers ſucceeds one large Seed, of an oyal Figure, like brown Velvet, folid, in- cloſed in a brown membranaceous hairy Seed-Veſſel, having five capſular brown Leaves, ſtanding out on every fide under it like the Rays of a Star It grows on the plain grounds near the River ſide, by the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and in other places of the Iſland, very plentifully. It Flowers in May and December, when the humming Birds are very buſie about it, feeding on the Farina ſticking to the Flowers. It has a pleaſant ſmell, when in Flower, much like that of the Narciſus Medioluteus, callid Piffanlitz at Montpelier. in X. Cona Odmood Rr6 154 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. ad as crolly dolog vollsv on 107 18 X. Convolvulus Polyanthos, folio fubrotundo, flore luteo. Cat. p.55. This Convolvulus has a round, woody, green Stalk, by which it climbs, or winds its ſelf round any Tree it comes near for many Feer high, putting forth Leaves at four Inches diſtance. They are cordated, more than two Inches long, and as broad at the round Bafe, where broadeſt, having ſome Nerves going from the end of the Foot-Stalk, through the Leaf, and fome few tranſverſe ones, ſmooth, of a dark green colour, and exactly in every thing like the precedent, ſtanding on three Inches long Foor-Stalks. The Flowers are many, ſtand on four Inch long Stalks, they being at their end, as at a common Center, divided into ſeveral three quarters of an Inch long Petioli, fuſtaining ſeveral large monopetalous, Bell faſhion'd, yellow Flowers, having fome Fafciæ within them, and a few flight Inciſures on the edges with a Stylus, and fome Stamina. After each of theſe follows a per- fectly Spherical, brown Capfula, with five capſular dry Leaves, and within it three Velvet, or ſarcin'd, brown, triangular Seeds like the other Cone volvuli. solo uolos Os lo dolog It grew in a Wood, going towards the Ferry, near the Cranle Plan- tation. Sobolant I gathered a variety of this in Barbados, having hairy Calices vargal I ſee no reaſon given by Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiſſa . p. 54. why I ſhould think thoſe Synonima, I have taken in my Catalogue to belong to this plant, not to belong to it. zaludos around anyonini bas sual XI. Convolvulus major, folio fubrotundo, flore amplo, purpureo. Cat. p.55. Tab. 98. Fig. 1. The round, green Sarments, or Stalks of this Plant mount about any Shrub, Tree, or Hedge, to a great heighth, cloathing them green with their many Branches and Leaves, which are two Inches and an half long from the Foot-Stalks end, to that of the Leaf oppoſite to it, and two Inches broad ar the round Baſe, from one Ear to the other, the Leaves being faſhion'd like a Heart, ſmooth, of a yellowiſh green colour, and ſtanding on an Inch and a quarter long Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are of a pale purple colour, very large, monopetalous, and Bell faſhion'd, after each of which fucceeds a brown Capſula, having above five dry capfular Leaves, four round Protuberances, and in each of them a large triangular, ſmooth, folid, whitiſh brown Seed. It grows every where on the Hedges and Ditches of the moiſter grounds. The Decoction purges groſs and cold humours with Worms. It is to be taken in the morning, and made of the green Herb, otherwiſe it is not uſeful. Hernand. XII. Convolvulus folio lanato, in tres lacinias diviſo, flore oblongo, purpureo. Cat. p. 55. Tab.98. Fig. 2. This by its round, whitiſh, woolly Stem, turns its ſelf round the Truncs of *Trees, riſing twenty Foot high, at every Inches diſtance, putting forth Leaves, ſtanding on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are ſomething like the Elder Leaves of Ivy, being divided into three Lacinia, an Inch and an half long from the Center of the Foot-Stalk, to the point oppoſite to it, and as much or more from one Section at Baſe, to the other ; they are of a very white green colour, ſoft, and covered over with ſhort Wooll. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, ſtanding on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks in a pentaphyllous, green Capſula, are monopetalous, an Inch and an half long in the Tubulus of the Flower, which opens it ſelf Bell fa- Thion, of a fine purple colour, with ſome yellow Stamina in the middle, and five paler Streaks or Faſcia. After theſe follows a brown membranaceous Capſula, The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 155 Capſula, with four round Protuberances, under a thin membrane, containing three fattin'd Seeds, like the other Convolvuli. It grew on the larger Trees, in the Road to Guanaboa, and at Colonel Fula ler's Houſe in St. Dorothies near the Bridge, over Black River. bro Soon XIII. Convolvulus folio hederaceo, anguloſo, flore dilute purpureo. Cat. p. 56. This fends forth ſeveral Stems from the ſame Root, which is oblong, deep and large, each of the Stalks being round, reddiſh, and about three or four Foot long, trailing on the ſurface of the ground, at every three or four Inches diſtance putting forth Leaves and Flowers ex eorum ala. The Leaves ſtand on two Inches long Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch and an half, or two Inches long from the Center of the Foot-Stalk to the oppoſite point, and as much from one end of the Section at Baſe, to the other, every Leaf being angular, having two Sections at Baſe or Ears, and a third ſharper and longer, oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, very like the elder angular Leaves of Ivy. The Flower has an half Inch Foot-Stalk, a pentaphyllous Capſula or Calyx, and a monopetalous, Bell faſhion'd, pale, purple Flower, agreeing ex- actly with the other Convolunli in all its parts. It grows in very great quantities on the Red Hills near Guanaboa, and in cleared low Lands, as alſo on the Banks of the Rio-Cobre, below the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, on the ſame ſide of the River. By the Figure of the Leaves, which agrees with thoſe of what Piſo ſays gives Jalap, I concluded this to be the ſame, but on tryal I found it had no fuch Root as I expected. XIV. Convolvulus folio hederaceo, anguloſo, lanuginoſo.flore magno, cæruleo, pas tulo, Cat. p. 56. Habalnil. Avic. The Stalk of this is round, hairy, and pretty large, having Leaves ſtanding at about two Inches intervals , on Inch long hoary Foot-Stalks. They are ſhap'd like thoſe of Ivy, having three Angles or Points, whitiſh, hoáry, woolly, ſoft, an Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad at Baſe, where broadeft. Ad alas foliorum, come the Flowers, being ſeveral on the fame Foot-Stalk. They are large, blew, monopetalous, and extremely pleaſing to the Eye, in every thing agreeing with the other Convolvuli. It grew in Mrs. Guys Plantation in Guanaboa. Lobel tells us that it was in the Gardens of Italy, France, and the Low- Countries, and Terrentius in thoſe of Italy in his time, and their Deſcripti- ons agree very well to this. Dodoneus's Cut ſeems to make the Flower five pointed, which may come from the Faſcia moſt Convolvuli have ſaying they are per oras anguloſ, and ſo do other Authors, ſo there may be ſome doube whether it be that. It purges grofs Humours. Avicen. XV. Convolvulus marinus catharticus folio rotundo. Cat. p. 57. An Cona volvulus marinus Catharticus folio rotundo, flore purpureo, S. Patate de Mer. & Camoulrouloe de Plumier. Plukenet. Alm. p. 113? Phyt. Tab. 324. Fig. 2 ? This had a very deep, white, oblong Root, and a great many long, round Stalks, as big as ones little Finger, green, ſpread on the ſurface of the ground for ſeveral Yards in length. The Leaves ſtood on them without any order. They had two Inches loog Foot-Stalks, were almoſt round, only a very ſmall notch, or defect, as if a little piece had been cut out with a pair of Sciſſors, at the end oppoſite to the Foor-Stalk, making the Leaf cordated, though ſometimes it wants this defect. It is of two Inches Diameter, having ſeveral Ribs from the Foot-Stalks, and middle Nerve, ſmooth, of a yellowiſh green colour, and in its ſurface is like che Caltha paluſtris. The Flowers 150 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. DO the lame pure Flowers were monopetalous, Bell faſhion'd, of a pale purple colour, and after them follow four rough, triangular Seeds, fartin'd like thoſe of the other Convolvili, each being let in a diſtinct Cell, and all of them in a round, brown, membranaceous pentaphyllous Capſula. The whole Plant was milky. It grew on the Cayos near Port-Royal, and on the ſandy Sea fhore at Rio Nuevo, in the North ſide very plentifully. The Leaves are uſed in Bathes for the Dropſie, and to put on Iſſues to draw them. 09 srl list Boil'd in water it makes a Fomentation to eaſe gouty Pains. The Leaves prepar'd into a Potion with Goats Milk are given for the Hæmorrhoids. H.M. odao adionic10 The Stalks and Leaves are temperately warm, and emollient, and therefore good in Baths, and to ſtrengthen the Body, eſpecially in cold Diſeaſes. The Decoction of them are given inwardly, for the ſame pur- poſes. Piſo. Collants llete o I have ſearned, of perſons well experienced, that the inſpiſſated juice is very purgative, and it is a kind of Scammony, and may be given as ordi- nary Scammony, from ten to twelve or fourteen Grains. It may be cor- rected with Sulphur, Creme of Tartar, or ordinary Quinces, or in want of them, with the Fleſh of the Fruit Guava, or Almonds, or the cold Seeds. Plumier. w losos i the brune omare bruoz Toyu no gud omad o bobuluogo goslovi XVI. Convolvulus maritimus major noftras rotundifolius. Moriſ. Cat. p. 57. I could not ſee any difference between the European, and this Herb. It grew on Gun Cayos, a ſmall Iſland off of Port-Royal. It is very purging, eſpecially of watery and hydropick Humours, and either given in Powder, or boil'd in Broths, but very ſtrong, and nor fie for weak Perfons. Ger. who ſays likewiſe that it was uſed about Hampſhire for Scurvy-graſs. 50 The juice condens’d, either outwardly applied to the Belly, or in- wardly given, is commonly, though not ſafely, known to help the Drop- fie. Lob. It is griping. Dod. Three Drams of the Powder of the Leaves drank with Whey for ſome days, purges notably hydropical Humours. Lac. XVII. Convolvulus minor lanuginoſus, folio fubrotundo, flore cerdo. Cat p.58. Tab. 99. Fig. 1. v rods of This has a ſmall, round, green Stalk, by which it winds and turns its ſelf round any Plant it comes near, creeping a great length, and having very few Leaves, or ſet at great intervals, one from another They ſtand on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, are cordated, or ſhap'd like a Heart, an Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad at their round Baſe, of a very green colour, and covered with a little white Wooll. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, ſometimes ſeveral together, and ſometimes only one by its ſelf . They are monopetalous, Bell faſhion d, and of an extremely plea- fant, lively, blew colour, ſtanding in a pentaphyllous, rough, hairy Calix, and on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalk. After theſe follow, in a taper- ing or pointed, brown, membranous Capſula, three, almoſt triangular Seeds, brown, and like thoſe of the other Convolvuli , being lodged in three ſeveral Cells, diſtinguish'd by ſo many membranes. deuore 10 soort von obbin' bos -1007 decontadini soy niyo od zelo od tada si att besuolo corrid Browote The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 157 It grows in great plenty flowring in November, in the open grounds, ar Guanaboa, and among the prickly Pears, and other Buſhes near the old Mo- naſtery of the Town of Sc. Fago de la Vega. XVIII. Convolvulus minor repens, nummulariæ folio, flore cæruleo. Cat. p. 58. Tab. 99. Fig. 2. From a ſmall , ftringy, and fibrous Root, ſpring, long, trailing Stalks, taking Root here and there, where they touch the ground, and putting forth, alternatively, at ſmall, unequal diſtances, Leaves, almoſt round, like thoſe of the Nummularia minor flore purpuraſcente. They are three quarters of an Inch long, and an Inch Broad, having a ſnip, or ſmall notch at the end, and a quarter of an Inch long brown Foot-Stalks. Ex alis foliorum, come the Flowers, ſtanding on ſhort Foot-Stalks. They are monopetalous, Bell fa- fhion’d, of a light blue colour, after which follows a brown Capſula, contain- ing two or three brown Seeds, It grows very plentifully after Rain, in the Town Savanna's, and in Barbados. XIX. Convolvulus rectus minor, folio angufto candicanté. Cat.p.58. Tab. 99 Fig. 3. An Convolvulus Americanus, minimus, villoſus, helianthemi folio. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p. 84.2 This has a long ſtraight Roor, which ſhoots forth ſeveral ſmall, round Stalks, ſtraight up, riſing to ſcarce a Foot high, covered over with a hairy Down, the Leaves ſtand iregularly along the Stem. They are an Inch long, and not over a quarter of an Inch broad, ſmooth, and have a hairy Down on their underſide. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, are monopetalous, Bell faſhion’d, white, with ſome Stamina in the middle, and a Calix underá neath, by which it adheres to the Stalk, to this follows a pentaphyllous Capſula containing ſeveral Seeds. SEX It grows plentifully in the Savanna, near the Town of St. Faro de la Vega, after Rain. gi 100 XX. Rapunculus fruticoſus, foliis oblongis, integris, villohs, ex adverfo fitis, flora purpureo villoſo. Cat. p. 58. Tab. 100. Fig. 1. of 2015 This Shrub had many ſmall Stalks, riſing from the ſame Root, to abour four or five Foot high, each whercof was ſquare, about the bigneſs of ones little Finger, having under a ſmooth, clay coloured Bark, a hard, whitish Wood, and very large Pith, with many tranſverſe dividing membranes. The Leaves were ſet oppoſite to one another at the Joints, which were two inches, or an Inch afunder. Each of them had one third part of an Inch long, rough Foot-Stalk, was about two Inches long, and one Inch broad in the middle, where broadeſt: of a dark green colour, rough, or ſet all over with ſhort whitiſh Hairs. Ex alis foliorum came the Flowers,ſtanding on purpliſh,rough, one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They were large and mono- petalous, difform, didided at the ends into ſeveral Segments, being tubulous, purple, and fet very thick over, with ſtrong ihort Hair. The bottom of the Flower ſwelling, there comes in it a Capſula or Seed-Veſſel, in which lies much ſmall, oblong, crooked, browniſh Seed. It grew in the mountainous Woods of this Iſland. XXI. Rapunculas fruticoſuos linifolius, flore luteo Specioſo, foliis ex adverfo fitis, Cat. p.58. Tab. 101. Fig. I. This riſes to about four or five Foot high, being branched on every Hand. The Branches and Twigs are woody, ſet with Leaves oppoſite to one another at an Inches diſtance from each other. They ſtand on an eighth Sf part 158 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch and an half long, and abour half as broad in the middle, where broadeſt, being ſmooth, and of a dark green colour. The tops of the Twigs are branched generally, and carry ſeveral Flowers of a yellow colour, very pleaſant, being tubulous and mo- nopetalous, the Ore divided into five Sections, and this ſtanding on tbe rudiments of the Fruit, which augments into a pyramidal oblong Head, covered with ſome few fmall Leaves, and is made up of three feveral Cells, in each of which is great plenty of ſmall, brown Seed. It grew on the Red Hills going to Colonel Cope's Plantation in Guda náboa. XXII. Rapunculus aquaticus, foliis Cichorii, flore albos tubulo longiſſimo. Cat.p.58. Tab. Ior. Fig. 2. This had a deep and thick Root, with which it was firmly fix'd in the Earth, and from whence roſe a roundiſh Stalk about four Inches high, having many Leaves, going out alternatively at very ſhort intervals, each being without any Foot-Stalk, about three Inches long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the further end, where broadeſt, and whence they decreaſe, ending in a blunt point. They are rough, of a whitiſh green colour, and laciniated round their edges, after the manner of Dens Leonis, or Cichory, to the Leaves of which they are not unlike. Towards the tops come the Flowers, being of a very white or milky colour, and pleaſant to look on. The Tubulus is the longeſt I ever ſaw, being about three or four Inches long. The Oræ are divided into five points, and after theſe follows, in ſmall Heads, much ſmall Seed. It grows on the moiſt Banks of the Rio Cobre, above and below the Town very plentifully XXIII. Rapunculus folio oblongo, ſerrato, flore galeato, integro, pallide' luteo. Cat.p.58. Tab.95. Fig. 2. An Rapuntium Americanum Altiſſimum, foliis cirlii, flore virefcente. Plum. Tournef. Int. p. 1932 This has a Stalk as big as ones Finger, riſes thee Foot high, being green and ſmooth, and having very many Leaves ſet on it, without any order, each of which is ten Inches long, and two broad in the middle of a dark green colour, and indented about the edges. At the top are a great many Flowers, they are of a pale yellow colour, and galeated, having a long Galea turn'd up, and ſome Stamina coming out of the middle of the Flower. The Seeds were very ſmall , and ſearce diſcernible, brown like thoſe of hyoſcya- mus, and contained in ſeveral Cells, in one Capſula, furrounded with four foliola. It grew in the Woods by the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and other Woods about Guanaboa. This is a Rapuntium. XXIV. Speculum Veneris majus, impatiens. Cat. p. 59. Tab. 100. Fig. 2. This riſes to three or four Foot high, having a ſquare jointed, rough, and a little hoary Stalk. The Leaves ſtand oppoſite one to the other, at every Inches diſtance, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad, near the middle, where broadeſt, hoary, and of a bluiſh green colour. Ex alis foliorum come out the Branches, two always ſet oppoſite, on whoſe tops ſtand Flow- ers without any Foot-Stalks. They have five capſular, long, green Leaves, and a long white tubulus, and on its top an open fine deep blew Flower, whoſe Ore are deeply divided into five Sections, to which fol- lows a quadrangular, three quarters of an Inch long Capſula, containing round, ga The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 159 round, flat, brown Seeds, which are thrown out of the Capſula with violence, when 'tis either touch'd or wetred on the end. It grew about the Town, in many places, amongſt the Buſhes, XXV. Flori Cardinalis five rapuntio affinis anomalt, caule quadrato, flore coco cineo, capſula pyramidali . Cat.p.59. Euphraſia alfines majori folio, flore galeato, pallide luteo Famaicenis. Plukenet. Almag. p. 142. Phytogr. Tab. 279. Fig. 6. An Cara-Caniram. H. M. part. 9. Tab. 56 ? The Root was ſhort, thick, and divided into three or four long, reddiſh, ſtrong Branches. The Stalk was ſquare, green, jointed, three or four Foor high : ſlender, and ſcarce able, without help, to hold its felf up, having Branches coming out at its joints, ſet oppoſite to one another, at every two Inches diſtance. At every Joint were large Leaves, ſtanding on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks. They were two Inches long, and one broad, near the Foot-Stalk, where they were broadeſt. They were a little rough, had a point oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, and were of a dirty green colour. The Leaves on the ſmaller Branches were leſſer, but of the ſame ſhape. The Flowers ſtand in Spikes on the ends of the Branches, at half an Inches di- ftance one from another, being of a very curious Scarlet colour, three quar- ters of an Inch long, tubulous, widening towards the top, where they were open, withſome Stamina. After theſe follow'd three or four round, flat, black Seeds, having a notch or defect in every one of them, and ly- ing in a greeniſh Capſula, pyramidal, being round at top, and ſharp at bottom. It grew in a fandy place, near the Rio Cobre, juſt by the Town of St. Fago de la Vega. XXVI. Rapunculo affinis anomala vaſculifera, folio oblongo, ſerrato, flore cocci- cineo tribuloſo, femine minuto, oblongo, luteo. Cat.p.59. Tab. 102. Fig. I. This Plant has ſeveral ſtrong, ſhort, blackiſh Roots, ſending forth a round, woody Stem, having a clay colourd Bark, with ſome Sulci in it, riſing three or four Inches high, having at the top very many oblong Leaves, ſtanding very thick, without any order, on a quarter of an Inch long Foot- Stalks, cover'd with a reddiſh Wooll like Moſs. Each of theſe Leaves is ſeven Inches long, an Inch and an half broad, near the further end, where broadeſt they beginning very narrow, widen themſelves to near the end, where they ſtraiten again, and end in a point, being much ſnipt about the edges. Ex alis foliorum comes out a ſmall Stalk, divided into ſeveral Branches, having above a five pointed green Calix, an Inch long tubulous, fcarlet colourd Flower, ſomething like thoſe of Periclymenum, with ſome yellowiſh Stamina, after which follows, in a ſhort, fungous, cornered Seed- Veſſel, having no diſtinct Cells, but one cavity, a great many ſmall, oblong, yellowiſh Seeds grows in the Crannies of the ſteep Rocks, in the Road going to fixo teen Mile Walk. XXVII. Stramonia altera major five latura quibuſdam. J. B. Cat. p. 59. Stramonium fructu ſpinoſo, oblongoflore albo Tournef. Int. p.119. An Stramoni- um majus purpureum Park. par. P. 36 ? Stramoniam majus album do vulgatius fructu oblongo ſpinoſo. Bobart, bift. Ox. part.3. p. 607. Thorny Apples of Peru. I could not obſerve any difference between this Plant found here, and that deſcrib'd by Authors. It It Ібо The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. It grew juſt by the Priſon going to the River. Whether it was wild, or came there accidentally, I know not; but I obſerv'd it here, and in moſt of the Caribe Iſlands. It is of great uſe in Surgery, as well in Burnings and Scaldings, as virulent and malignant Ulcers, Apoſtems, &c. Ger. The Seed came from Conſtantinople. Id. An Ointment is made of the Juice boiled with Hogs greafe, curing all In- flammations, Burns, &c. The Leaves boild in Oil till burnt, then ſtrain'd and mix'd with Wax, Roſin, and Turpentine, doth, (made into a Salve,) cure Ulcers and Wounds, new and old, Id. It is cold, the Decoction of the Leaves is uſed as a Fomentation, or Lini- ment in Fevers, eſpecially Quartans. The Fruit and leaves againſt pain in the Breaſt, the Leaves infus d in water into the Ears, cures Deafneſs. Put on the Pillows it brings Sleep to thoſe who are awake. If too many be eaten they bring madneſs. Hern. Four Grains make one Drunk. Two Drams kills, if not helpt with Vo- miting with warm water and Butter, or Oil, and a Bath to the Legs and Arms. Math. The ſixth part of a Dram Inebriates. An Ounce kills the ſame day. Lugd. 9 Mixt and beat with Sirgelim Oil (or Seſamum) it is applied to humoral Tumors. The Juice of the Leaves mixt with Sugar (Fagra de cana,) and ap. plied to an Eryſpelas cures it. Three Seeds are good in a cold Fever. The fame beaten with water wherein Rice has ſtood, is ſucceſsfully applied to tumified parts. H. M. P. Yotor wong XXVIII. Linaria minor, erecta cærulea. Cat. p. 59. Tab. 103. Fig. 1, This had a round, ſingle Stalk, riſing to about two Foot high, on which were placed Leaves alternatively, being an Inch and an half long, narrow like the Leaves of Linaria lutea vulgaris. J. B. The tops of the Stalks were branched into ſeveral fix Inches long Spikes of blue Flowers, as the others of this Kind, after which followed ſo many roundiſh, turgid Seed- Veſſels, each divided into two Cells, in which lie flat, brown Seeds. It grew on the Inland Savannas of this Iſland. This Plant is, by its Title, Deſcription, and Figure, ſufficiently diſtin- guiſh'd from the other Linariæ cærulea, as alſo the linaria annua purpuro- violacea, &c. mentioned by Dr Plukenet in his Mantiſſa, p. 118. where he leaves out one of the Notes I give of this, viz. that it is leſſer than the others that are blue, and then finds fault with my Title, as not deſcribing it particularly enough. Mot die booloo olaco XXIX. Antirrinum minus anguſtifolium, flore dilute purpureo. Cat. p. 49. Tab. 103. Fig. 2. Balſam-Herb. Ob on niyo This had a great many hairy, red fibers for Roots, which ſend up a fquare nine Inches high, browniſh Stalk, as big as thoſe of lefſer Centaury, on which ſtood the Leaves oppoſite to one another, having ſmall Foot-Stalks. They were an Inch and an half long, and not over an eighth part of an Inch broad, of a very dark green colour. Towards the top the Stalk was di- vided into Inch long Branches, fet with ſeveral Flowers, like thoſe of Antir- rhinum, of a pale purple colour. I faw not the Seed, but doubt not it ought to be referr'd to this Kind. It grew on the rocky and woody Hills between Guanaboa, and Colonel Bourden's Plantation, on each ſide of the Road very plentifully. It is accounted by the Indians, and thoſe who came from Surinam, to be an extraordinary Vulnerary, XXX. Selam The Natiral Hiſtory of Jamaica. 161 XXX. Seſamum Veterum. C B. pin. Cat. p. 59. Digitalis Orientalis Sefan mum dicta. Tournef. Inft. p. 165. Hockalenah. It is frequently planted here by the Negros in their Gardens, and agrecs to the Deſcriptions of Authors, having a Flower like Digitalis. The Seed is very often beat up in Chocolate. In Æthiopia and Ægypt, they uſe the Oil as we do Oil Olive: it is made by beating the Seds in a Mortar, and expreſſing the Oil. Marcgr. The Seed and Oil is hor, moiſt, emollient, and reſolving, breeds groſs Nouriſhment, and is hurtful to the Stomach, and is good in Diſeaſes of the Ears. It is Emplaftick. Ger. The Arabians call this Oil Good Oil, by way of excellency, thinking it better than any other. Vefling. A Decoction of the plant is uſed for reſolving Ophtalmie, if they be ap- plied to the Eyes, for Coughs, Pleureſies, Inflammations of the Lungs, and hard ſchirrous Tumours. Women uſe it for hardneſs of the Uterus, it moving the Menſes. They uſe the ſame for the Diſeaſes of the Skin and Face from Spots, &c. The Herb and Seed boild in Honey, makes a Reſolving Plai- ſter for hard and ſanguineous Tumors, and dried Nerves. The Decoction is good in Clyſters. The Seed gives groſs Nouriſhment, and fatiens verò much. The decorticated Seed fattens; the Oil more; and the Dregs (which are eaten for Food in Ethiopia) more than that. Women ordinarily drink the Oil to be fat, with the Dregs it is given to four Ounces in Plurifies and Pains, and in all defedations of the Skin, outwardly, as well as inwardly. Zanoni, contrary to all others, ſeems to diſtinguiſh between the Seſamum of Egypt and Africa The Oil drawn from the Seed is uſed by the Poor in the Eaſt-Indies. Lobos. All Greece uſes it for Cakes, mixing it in making their Bread, and ſprinkling it with water on the top of the Bread. The whole is hot in the firſt, and moiſt in the ſecond Degree, Emplaſtic, and Emollient. Dorſt. It is planted for the Oil in Bengale. Bern. It comes from Greece and Peloponneſus, its numerous Roots makes the ground poor. Math. The Oil takes off the roughneſs of the Throat, clears the Voiče, mollifies hardned Apoſtems, and fattens very much. Lac. It is burdenſome to the Stomach by its Oilineſs. The Oil is made by bruiſing the Seed, and throwing of it into water. Te is better for making odoriferous Oils than common Oil, becauſe of its dura- bility. Ætius. The Oil is, if taken to four Ounces for many days, good againſt the Itch, hard breathing, Pluriſie, Peripneumonia, ad menſes movendos, and for pains in the Stomach, Womb and Guts. Arab. Phyſ . The Oil of the Seeds is given for any pains. The Indians uſe it in co. louring their Bodies with ſome Simples added. H. M. The Seeds of this Plant are uſed in many places of the Eaſt and Weſt- Indies for Food. The Oil in the Eaſt-Indies ſerves for all the purpoſes, whether Medical or Culinary, for which we uſe ordinary Oil : It is there called Gergilim Oil. It is uſed alſo as an excellent Remedy in ſhortneſs of Breath, as we now uſe Linſeed-Oil. Lately Mr. James Cunningham, F. R. S. and my very good friend, wrote to me from China, where he is Phyſician to the Engliſh Factory, that the Bean or Mandarin Broath, ſo frequently mention’d in the Dutch Embaſſie, and other Authors, is only an emulſion made of the Seeds of Sefamum and hot water. en miwolby por Te amol XXXI. Ariffon 162 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. XXXI. Ariſtolochia ſcandens odoratiſſima, floris labello purpureo, ſemine cor- dato. Cat. p. 60. Tab. 104. Fig. 1. An Ariſtolochia Americana, folio cordifor- mi, flore longiſſimo atropurpureo. Plum. Tournef . Inſt. p. 163 ? Contra-Terva. This has a long, round, geniculated Root, as thick as ones Finger, from whence riſes a round green climbing Stem, taking hold of any Tree or Shrub it comes near, riſing fix or eight Foot high, and covering them with its nu- merous Branches at every two or three Inches putting forth Leaves ex eorum alis. The Leaves ſtand on the main Stalks or Branches, by an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks. They are cordated or triangular, roundiſh at baſe, four Inches long, and three and an half broad at baſe, frome one round Ear to the other, of a dark green colour, ſmooth, and having Ribs running through its ſurface, taking their original from the end of the Foot-Stalk. The Flower ſtands on a three Inches long Foor-Stalk, is made like the Flowers of the Ariſtolochia's, of a yellowiſh colour, the Label being covered with a purple Farina. After this follows a Fruit two Inches long and hexangular, containing, in ſix Cells ſo many rows of ſmall, flat, brown Seeds, exactly of the ſhape of a Heart, the points lying in, and the baſes making the an- gular Pod, which, when ripe, leaps open, the Seeds dropping out. The whole Plant ſmells very ſtrong, and very gratefully. It grows every where in the Woods about the Town. The Root is bitteriſh, hot in the third Degree, ſmelling ſweet and roſiny. If put in form of a Poulteſs on Swellings it Cures them. It caſes pain, and puts off the cold fit of an Ague. It ſtrengthens the Heart, Stomach and Brain. Cleanſes the Stomach and Breaſt, and ſtops Fluxes. Hernandez. The Decoction of this Plant with Oil, is a good Liniment againſt Serpents bites. The Decoction of the Root, or the ſame mixt with water, is good in the ſame. It takes away cold (Fevers, Headaches, Droplies and Dyfurie. If us’d in Lotion it Cures the Gout. The Juice, with Pepper and hot Water, Cures the Flux of Blood. H. M. XXXII. Digitalis, folio oblongo ferrato, ad foliorum alas florida. Cat. p. 6o. Tab. 104. Fig. 2. This grows by a rough, round, green, woody Stalk, to about two Food high, having Leaves ſet on it without any order, ten Inches long, and two broad in the middle, indented about the edges, rough, and like to the Leaves of Digitalis . Towards the top ex alis foliorum come out four or five Inches long Stalks, being branch'd at their cops, and ſuſtaining ſeveral yellowiſh green, difform, monopetalous Flowers, with dark ſpots within, after which follows, in a hard Seed-Veſſel, many ſmall brown Seeds. The whole Plant has a ſtrong ſmell. It grew by the ſides of the Path going to ſixteen Mile Walk, and under the Town on the Banks of the Rio Cobre. 1 XXXIII. Solanum lethale, fructu rubro, ſemine copioſiori minutiſimo. Cat. Р. бо. . This riſes to five Foot high, by a quadrangular Stem, as thick as ones middle Finger, covered with a clay coloured ſmooth Bark, being jointed at every two or three Inches diſtance, and having two Leaves at every Joint, fet oppoſite to one another, each of which has an Inch long, green, round, Foot- Stalk, is nine Inches long, and four broad in the middle, where broadeſt, being narrow at the beginning and end, a little indented about the edges, having one middle, and ſeveral tranſverſe Ribs, being ſmooth, and of a dark green colour. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, ſeveral together, being on the ſame Inch long, green Foot-Stalk. They are yellowiſh tubulous, with The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 163 be with ſeveral Stamina in the middle, after which follow ſo many red Ber- ries, as big as a larger Pea, containing in a Pulp of the ſame colour, an infinite number of extremely ſmall, brown Seed, almoſt like that of To- bacco. ou bo lea It grows in fixteen Mile Walk.path, by the Rivers ſide, and under the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, on the Banks ſide, onthe ſame ſide of the River. dan 10 5 XXXIV. Zingiber C. B. pin. Cat. p. 60. Ind. or. part. 6. B 83. Nieuhof. p. 83. Zinziber flore albo, à D. Steph. Swert. Sacaviro de Flac. p. 126. Boym. Flor. fin. lit. V. Theven. p. 26. Gingembre de Feynes p. 105. De Rochef. Tab. p. 60. Zingiber anguſtiori folio, famina, utriuſque Indie alumna. Plukenet. Alm. p. 307. Ginger. i The Root of this is flat, as broad as ones Hand, having ſeveral round Apices or ends, on every ſide of it, like the Cyma or Gemma of ſome Plants, about the bigneſs of ones little Finger, of half an Inch thickneſs, it is of a whitiſh yellow colour, and has many fibrous Roots drawing its Nou- riment. From this rifes a Stalk about two Foot high, having ſeveral Leaves going alternatively from oppoſite ſides of the Stalk, each whereof is in co- lour like the gladiolus Leaves, though in their Conſiſtence and Veins they reſemble thoſe of the Canna Indica, being not fo broad, and ſomewhat longer. The Flowers ſtand on a diſtinct Stalk, without any Leaves, taking their riſe from the Root as thoſe of our Arum. It is about a Foot high, jointed, there being at each Joint a Membrane, of a yellowiſh green colour, covering the Stalk to the next Joint. At and near the top come the Flowers, a great many together, fet very cloſe, and making a long ſpherical Head, which is made up of a great many ſingle Flowers, each whereof has one large broad membranous Leaf, of a yellowiſh green colour, Concave above, and Convex below. In its hollow ſide are the Rudiments of the Fruit, viz. a round purpliſh Knob, ſtanding on a ſmall Foot-Stalk, and being coronated by a long Membrane of the fame colour. In ſome time the round Knob, fwells, and, I ſuppoſe, coms to a Berry as theſe others I take to be of the ſame Kind which are deſcribed hereafter. The whole Plant finells gratefully fweer, and pleaſantly. It is planted in all parts of this Inland, but was brought firſt froin the Eaſt-Indies, it growing about Malabar in great plenty. Great quantities of it are preſerved here while it is yer green, and before it be grown full of Strings or Filaments. 'Tis boiled in ſeveral waters, and made tender before it be preſerv’d, as likewiſe 'tis cleard of its outward Skin. If it be too old it leaves Strings or Filaments in the Mouth, which comes from its Age, and no lye, whereby it was cured, as Garcias and others ſay. incon A Limpid red tranſparent Oil, ſwimming on water, is by ſimple Diſtillati- on got out of theſe Roots, agreeing in ſmell and taſt with Ginger, only more mild. At a year old 'tis taken out of the Earth, ſun'd for fourteen days, then ſprinkled with Athes of Wood or Lime, and ſo is kept, other- wiſe it is liable to Corruption and Worms. 'Tis ſent dry'd, or preſerv'd, every where. It does not like a fandy, or not cultivated Soil, and when 'tis above a year old 'tis fill'd with woody Filaments. It loſes its Leaves in January and February. The chief vertue is in the Root, which, beſides, taken in Victuals, remedies Aſthmas, Coughs, tough Flegm, Squeamith- neſs; being helpful to the evil diſpoſed Stomach. Outwardly applied it Cures the Gout in the Feer and Hands. Beaten with water, and infuſed into the Eyes, it Cures the Vertigo that comes from Stoppages in Women th comes 164 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. S oils snic after Childbirth, which, unleſs cured in time, brings Palfies, Epilepſies, Madneſſes, and even Death its ſelf in thoſe Regions. H. M. It is uſed againſt cold Diſeaſes of the Stomach and Guts, being beaten and mixt with Coco-Oil, and applied to the part, and to venomous Wounds. A medicated Wine is made of it in the Philippine Iſlands. It is planted in Mexico, in fat, low, dunged, ſhady Lands, in the month of March, by pieces of the bigneſs of the Thumb, put five Inches afunder, and five Inches deep. It is covered with Earth, and watered after planting. It is to be watered afterwards twice a Week, or once if the Earth be moiſt. Hernandez. In the Eaft-Indies 'tis eat green as a Sallet, the Root being cut in ſmall pieces and mixt with other Herbs. Gar. Or pickled with Salt and Vinegar, called Achar, or preſerved. The beſt comes from China, little comes from the Eaſt-Indies, but moſt from St. Thomas, St. Domingo, New-Spain, and the hot Weft-Indies. Linſchotten fays they uſe to cure it by covering it with Potters-Earth, by which it was kept freſh, it is good for the Stomach. Linſchot.ee no It gently looſens and heats, ſtrengthening the Stomach. Candied it provokes to Venery. It is good againſt darkneſs of fight, and for every thing as Pepper Ger. Sooms bog It is taken out of the ground, and a little dried in December and Fanuary, then covered with a little Clay, not to increaſe weight, but to keep it from Corruption. Garc. It was firſt brought by Franciſco de Mendoza to New-Spain from the Eaſt- Indies, and it thrives very much, being planted by Root or Seed. The dry is candied, being firſt buried in wer places, where Rulhes grows, or fre- quently waſh'd and laid in hot water till it be tender then with Sugar it is preſerv'd as when green. Mon, Lobel's Cut in the Adverſaria is not good. That in Pharmacopeiam Rond. Truer. It grew in Balfora. in Balfora. Pedre Matteo apud Zanoni. There are two ſorts, red and white, the red is rubb'd over with Rabrica, the white with Chalk to keep it from Worms, to which, when young and white, 'tis very obnoxious. Bod. à Stapel. The firſt Ginger was brought to the Weſt from the Eaſt-Indies, and multiplied then after ſuch a manner, that in 1547. there was in the Flora 22053 Quintals. Foſ. Acofta. The Root grows in the Maluccos. Gom. Wine with it, and Cumin boiled in it, is good againſt the Wind in the Guts and Stomach, occaſioning pain. Taken to half an Ounce in a draught at night going to Bed, it expels ili humours by ſweat. Dorſt. What grows wild is beſt. Thevet. There are Roots white and red by the Druggiſts. The red is beſmeared with Rubrica, the white with Chalk, to preſerve them from Worms, calld by Amatus red and white Ginger. C. B. pin. D There is the white and black, the firſt from the Eaſt-Indies is ſoft, the other from the Weſt-Indies is really different. Park. There is a difference of that from the Eaſt and Weſt. It grows wild in the Eaſt-Indies, though it be not ſo good as that planted. They cure it when its Leaves dye. In December and January 'tis fit to Candy, 'tis firſt bark’d, and kept in Brine or Vinegar for an hour or two, then ſun'd for ſo long, and then cover'd in a Houſe, till all its humidity is gone, then they are candied with Sugar or Brine. Its Acrimony is loſt by too much watering. It is good in Colicks, Lienteries, &c. Piſ . o och ordo They The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 165 ce They plant it in Madagaſcar, under the Eves for Rain. It is forbid, for hindering the ſale of Pepper, by the King of Spain. The green Leaves are us'd in Sauce. The Roots are cur'd on the dying of its Leaves once a year. Cauche. p. 163. HO It was brought fifteen years ſince to Chriſtendom from Cairo, with other Spices, now it is carried thither. Albert. It is forbidden to be brought from Braſil by the Portuguezes, becauſe of the hindering the Vent of Pepper. Pyrard. p. 2. p. 139. That Ginger which is gathered in Fanuary and February is beſt. They Give in China the Decoction with hot Water to Swear. He that takes of ic in a morning faſting, is preſerved from Venom all that day. The Conſerve is good for cold Diſeaſes of the Stomach. Boym. Ginger is very common in all the parts of the Weſt and Eaſt-Indies. It came from the laſt of theſe places to the Weſt, from whence moſt of what is brought into Europe comes. Ginger when ripe is dug up. They cut off the Blades, ſcraping the Skin off, with Knives to kill it. Negros ſcald it to kill it, which makes it hard and black, the other method making it ſoft and white, with a cleaner and quicker taft. Ligon.p. 79, omot nede bns won golved ovs. I sada 10 bolsa 13. In ada gmobile XXXVI. Zinziber Sylveſtre minus, fruétu è caulium ſummitate exeunte. Cat. p. 61. Tab. 105. Fig. 1. Wild-Ginger. This, which was very like the Zerumbet Garz. grew to about four Foot high, the Stalk was round, and covered with Leaves from the Root up- wards to the very top, each whereof was about four Inches long, and two broad, of an almoſt oval figure, and graffie, being thin, and having a great many Ribs run from the Center of the Foot-Stalk, through all parts of the Leaf to the point, like to the Indian Cane. The Flowers Itand at top of the Stalk in a Head together, which is compoſed of a great many ſet in a three Inch long Spike, pretty cloſe together, of a pale purple colour, each whereof is made up of one membranous Leaf, Convex on its under- moſt ſide, and Concave above ; in which ſtand, on an half Inch long foot- Stalk, the Rudiments of the Fruit, being a round protuberance, or knob, on the top of which is a tuft of ſome long, withered, dry membranaceous Leaves, or Flowers making a Crown. The round knob, after ſome time, ſwells into an oblong, oval, purple Berry. The Roor is made up of a great many white, round, two Inch long, thick Strings, ſmelling like Ginger, 1pread on every ſide It grows on the North ſide of Mount Diablo, very pentifully, among the ſhady Woods, in the Path going to ſixteen Mile Walk, and in moſt of the Inland woody parts of the land. The Root bruiſed, and applied as a Poultice in Cancers, noli me tangere's, &c. is reckoned a very extraordinary and admirable Medicine, and if one will give Credit to the Relations of Indians or Negros, is a never failing Remedy in thoſe deſperate Caſes. XXXVII. Zinziber ſylveſtre majus, fructu in pediculo fingulari. Cat. p. 61. Tab. 105. Fig. 2. Cardamomum Braſilianum latifolium, fylveftre, pacoferoca Brah- lienſibus. Breyn. pr. 2. p. 107. Canna Indica ad imum caulem racemifera, Pluken. Alm. p. 8o. This differs in nothing from that immediately preceding, only the Stalk riſes eight or Foot high, having much larger Leaves, and in nine lieu of having its Flowers and Fruit on the end of the Stalk it has a Stalk about three Foot high, immediatly ſpringing from the Root like our Arums or Orobanche's, being jointed, and having each internodium covered with U u 160 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Fig. 3. with a dry purpliſh membrane, coming from the" under Joint, and on its top a four ſnches long Spike of Flowers, exactly like the former, only larger. It grew with the other on the North ſide of Mount Diablo. The juicy Skin ftains the skin of a brown colour, as Black-Cherries, or Violets, and therefore is us'd for Ink. Marcgr. The Leaves, Stalk, and unripe Fruit, if rub'd, ſmell pleaſantly, like Ginger, and therefore ſupply the want of Spices. Hot Baths are likewiſe made of them Piſo Colon, in his diſcovery of Hiſpaniola, mencions Gengewo to grow ſponte, by which, I ſuppoſe, he meant this or the precedent. solid bloot boog XXXVIII. Cardamomum minus pſeudo-aſphodeli foliis. Cat. p. 61. Tab. 103. . : 3.0 ron The Leaves of this had more than an Inch long Foot-Stalks, were four Inches long, and more than one broad, in the middle where broadeſt, and whence they decreaſed to both extremes, ending in a point. They were eveh on thế edges, thin, and like the others of this Kind. The Stalk was naked of theſe Leaves, having now and then ſome ſmaller, without any Foot- Stalks incloſing the Stalk, one of which was under every Flower, as in the Orchides. The Spike its ſelf was large, about three Inches long, thick ſet with Flowers, the under part of which ſwelled out into a trigonous, oblong Head, in which, in ſeveral Cells, lay much very ſmall downy Seeds, as in others of this Kind. The Stalk of this was not over ſeven Inches high, but I do not remember wliether it was perfect. I liad it about Granaboa to flotte nr 10. broad on 100 to 519onlar dit vos XXXIX. Aron maximum Ægyptiacum quod vulgo Colocafiá. C. B. Cat. p.61. Arum Ægyptiacnm Morigerum & fructum ferens, ridice magna orbiculari. Písken. Almag. p. 51. Tames in St. Helena of Dampier. cap. ult. Tayas. Theſe grow very commonly by the Rivulets, which come down from the Mountains, running the year long, and are planted likewiſe by ſome of the Inhabitants for Proviſion in their Plantations. They have a Flower and Fruit, juſt like the Arums, which ſtands on a peculiar Foot-Stalk. The Leaves are uſed to carry freſh Fruit, Cheeſe, &c. in Madera. Cæfalpinus ſays that it grows in Sicily, and that the Root is eaten, and, the Leaves, boiled in Vinegar, The Roots are uſed in Jamaica, being boiled as Tams. They have a biting taſt in the Throat, if not very well prepar'd, and therefore not very much coveted, but only in ſcarce times. Alpinus ſays he never could ſee it Flower, but I have ſeen it ſeveral times in Perfection, and therefore he very undeſervedly blames Dioſcorides. It is caten by thoſe indulging Venery very much, both raw and boiled, being thought helpful thereto. 'Tis common in the Markets, and cheap. Alpinus Veſlingius deſcribes and figures it flowering It is thought by Alpinus to be the Faba, Egyptia, Coboc allia & arum Æ gyptium, of the Ancients. Theophraſtus ſays, both Leaves and Roots of Arum are eaten, lib. 7. cap. II, 12. But the common Arum is ſharp and opening, this Adſtringent : Cefalpinus's ſpotted. Alp. Bellonius found it wild by the Rivulets of Crete in great plenty. This was ſent from Egypt to Rome, there to be fold, whence Martial, quo si Niliacum ridebis olas, lamafque fequaces. Bod. à Stapel. mucos lloa 59100 The The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 167 Bont. IDOLOS The 'common Arum, Leaves and Roots, and Dracontium Roots were in ancient times boiled and eaten, as may appear from Diofcorides and Galen. It is Adſtringent, and good againſt Fluxes. It makes the People feeding on it pale. Lon. Pliny ſays Aron is eſculent. Caſalp. 'Twas brought into Portugal from Africa, where the Slaves love it very much. In Egypt they feed on it as we on Turnips, putting a little of the Root into the River ſide. He ſaw it (Ramolf) grow ahout Tripoli and Halepo. Clus. The Hippopotamus lives on its Roots in Egypt, where it grows wild, and in Sicily, and the Kingdom of Naples. It is eaten and praiſed by the Slaves and Turks at Naples. It is not the Faba Ægyptia. Col. It is pernicious in the Root, and therefore muſt be three or four days macerated in water, being ſlic'd to waſh off its Mucilage, which is dele- terious, then the Roots are preſs’d, dry'd in the Sun, and made into Flower, afterwards made into Cakes. The Favans of Mataras were killed by it, eating of it many Weeks, Beſieging the Dutch, and wanting Rice. It kills by bringing the Dyſentery. The firſt Decoction is to be thrown away. 0 1600 ali bar or no ebooW botado ni o els co awong at XLI. Arum minus, nymphee foliis eſculentum. Cat. p. 62. Tab. 106. Fig. I. Choux Caraibes. De Bouton. p. 47. Sonzes de Flacourt, p. 117. Eſpece de Chori de Biet. p. 335. Rapunculus Braſilienhis tuberofus, feu Battata Tajaoba Brafill- enfibus. Marcgr. Piſ Rait hift. p 1334. Campanula tuberoſa Indica convolvuli cordatis foliis denforibus radice efculenta. Plaken. Alm. p. 78. An Arum minus Bengalenſe colocanæ foliis Ejuſdem. Alm. p. 51: An Aram Zeylanicum minus colocaliæ facie pediculis punicantibus, & viridantibus. Herm. par. Bat. pr. p. 314? Parad. p. 77Colocaſia Brafiliana lacteſcens latifolia caule fafco. Tajaoba. PX & Marcgr. Ejuſd. par. Bat. p. 86. An Arum humile Ceylanicum latifolium pi- ſtillo coccineo. Comm. hort. part. I. p. 97. Indian Cail, or Tajas the leſſer. This has a ſmall tuberous Root, bigger than a Walnut, and ſeveral Leaves riſing from the ſame Root, about a Foot high from the Ground, the Foot-Stalks Tupport a I eaf very like thoſe of Colocaſia, only ſmaller, being of a yellowiſh green colour, and very like in Figure, Colour, Ribs, &c. to the Leaves of the white water Lilly. The Flower and Fruit ſtand on peculiar Foor-Stalks, like thoſe of the other Arums. They are planted here very carefully, in moſt Plantations. The Roots are eaten as Batatas, but their chief uſe is for the Leaves, which are boild, and with Butter eat, as Coleworts, and to the taſt are extremely pleaſing They looſen the Belly. Piſo. His Figure is good. Theſe of Madagaſcar eat this Root, in want of Tams or Rice, as we the Leaves in Pottage. Cauché. XLI. Arum minus eſculentum, Sagittarie foliis viridi-nigricantibus. Cat.p.63. Tab. 106. Fig. 2. An Arum montanum colocafiz radice rotunda. Herm. par. Bat.p. 78 ? Colocaſia Braſiliana lačteſcens latifolia, Caule viridi. Mangare peuna. Pij. Ejuſd. par. Bat. p. 87. This in every thing is like the preceding, only the Leaves are larger, når- tower, and not fo round, being liker to our common Arum: ſmooth, of a very dark green colour, foft, and ſomewhat corrugated on its ſurface, with a Welt round the edges. It is planted as the former, and ſerves for the ſame purpoſes. Pilo 168 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Piſo in the firſt Edition ſays theſe Leaves are not eatable, but in the ſecond that they are. Wimbledo bolio The Roots are boild, and taſt musk'd or ſweet. Marcgr. hba da Pijo's Figure is not good. olay si no XLII. Arum faxatile majas, foliis rotundioribus, fractu purpureo. Cat. p. 63 An Arum Americanum, folio ampliſſimo, flore & fructu rubro. Plum. Tournef . Inft . p. 159? vel An Arum Americanum, acinis amethyſtinis, parvo fiore. Ejuſd. ib. p. 160? Three or four Leaves ſpring from the ſame Root, ſtanding on Foor long Foot-Stalks, being like the Leaves of Cuckow Pinr , only larger, and rounder ear'd, being two Foot long, or from the Foor-Stalks end, to the roundeſt point oppoſite to it, and one Foot broad, from one round. Baſe to the other, ſomething of the ſhape of a Heart, and having grear Ribs run- ning from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center. The Flower and Fruit, comes in every thing, after the ſame manner, as in the ordinary Arum, only the Acini, or Berries, are plac'd in a very comely order, on a Foor long Peſtle, being larger below than at top, and are of a browniſh or purple colour. It grows on the Rocks in the ſhady Woods, on the red Hills near Gud- naboa, and near Hope River, in the Mountains of Lijuanee. XLIII. Arum caule geniculato, canne Indicæ foliis, ſummis labris deguftantes mutos reddens. Cat. p. 63. Canna Indica venenata, Ourari forte part. 8. Ind. Occident. p. 122. C. B. pin, p. 184. Plukenet. Almag. p. 79. The Dumb Cane. This riſes to be about five Foot high, by a jointed, very green, fucculent, folid Stalk, as big as ones Thumb, without any Leaves 'till towards the top, where come ſeveral, ſtanding on large Foot-Stalks They are round at the Baſe, and from thenee decreaſe to the point, being ſomething like thoſe of the Canna Indica, only much thicker, and of a darker green colour. A- mong theſe Leaves come out the Flowers, at the top of the Stalk, and after them the Fruit, being in every thing like thoſe of the other Arums. They grow in all moiſt low Lands and bottoms of this Iand. If one cut this Cane with a Knife, and put the tip of the Tongue to it, it makes a very painful Senſation, and occaſions ſuch a very great irritation on the ſalivary Ducts, that they preſently ſwell , ſo that the perſon cannot ſpeak, and do nothing for ſome time but void Spittle in a great degree, or Şalivate, which in ſome time goes off, in this doing in a greater degree, whar European Arum does in a leſier, and from this its quality, and being jointed, this Arum is called Dumb-Cane. . Pieces of this Stalk are cut, and put into Baths and Fomentations for Hydropick Legs, and are thought very effectual. Strangers muſt be warned of theſe Canes, they looking like thoſe of Sugar. Laet. It is eat by Indians for want of better Meat. The Root is of more force than the Fruit or Leaves ; beſides, the firſt qualities, being of very ſmall parts, and opening Obſtructions, Fomentations are made of them againſt Inflam- marions and Obſtructions of Hypochondres and Reins; and the Oil is good againſt thoſe Evils, and ſupplies that of Capers, and Lilies. The Roots ſliced and boiled in Wine, made into Baths, and uſed to the Feet, it is of great uſe againſt old and late Gouts. Piſo . oba os borotalow doma omlaris not covel bar, nomo od as beinslei ol XLIV. Aruna og The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 169 ebo XLIV. Arum maximum altiſſimas ſcandens arbores, foliis nymphea laciniatis Cat.p. 63. An A Vine with a Leaf pretty broad and roundiſh, and of a thick ſubſtance, of Dampier, cap. 16? Dracunculus Americanus colocaſia foliis laci- niatis. Tournef. Inft. p. 161. This has a green jointed Stalk, which has Clavicles, exactly like the Arum maximum trifoliatum altiffimas ſcandens arbores, &c. by which it ſticks to the Truncs of Trees, and comes to be twenty or thirty Foot high, at its top having ſeveral Leaves like thoſe of Nymphea when young, but ferrated, and finuated about the edges when old, by which it may be ſufficiently di- ſtinguiſh'd from others of this Kind. At the top of the Stalk come out Flowers, and a Fruit afterwards, like thoſe of the other Arum's. Theſe come out from amongſt the Leaves. It is very ordinary in the larger Woods of the Garibes, as well as fa- maica. If this be the ſame that Captain Dampier means, he tells us, that the Leaves pounded ſmall, and boiled with Hogs Lard, make an excellent Salve for old Ulcers in Legs, and that one of his Men came to the knowledge of it by an Indian of the Iſthmus of Darien. XLV. Arum maximum ſcandens geniculatum & trifoliatum foliis, ad bafin ax- riculatis. Cat. p. 63. An Hinca Jive Mizmaitl. Hernandez ? Seu dracontium Mexicanum aromaticum. Herm. parad. Cat. p. 92. Dracunculus Americanus; ſcandens triphyllus de auritus. Tournef. Inft. p. 161. This Plant has a round Stalk of half an Inch Diameter, green, very thick jointed, full of a ſpongy Medulla and milky Juice, From each Joint of this go out five or fix Clavicles by them, it takes hold, and ſticks very cloſe, and faſt to any Tree it comes near, and riſes very often to twenty or thirty Foot high, being naked of Leaves, till near the top, where are a great many round it. The Foot-Stalks of the Leaves encompaſs the Stalk, leaving a mark when they drop off, making the Joint. Each of them is two Foot long, round, green, half an Inch thick, full of a ſpongy Matter, and having two folioſe fimbria, one on each ſide, green and thin, running half of the length of the Foot-Stalk. The Leaf its felf is very deeply divided into ſeven parts, or rather three Leaves with Auricles, the uppermoſt, or that Leaf or Section in the middle, being the longeſt and largeſt, viz. a Foot long, and half as broad, having one middle Rib, and ſome tranſverſe ones, being of a very dark green colour, ſmooth, and finuated as the Leaves of Arum. The two other Leaves or Sections ad baſin, are leſſer than the other, and beſides have a large Appendix or Ear, at their outſide Baſe, which makes up the five Leaves or Sections, and this Appendix or Ear has another like it felf, only leſſer, making up the ſeven Leaves or Sections. Ex alis foliorum, at the top come out Stalks, ſuſtaining within a white monope- talous Sheath, Hoſe, or membranous covering, a white Peſtle, in every thing like that of the Arums. Every part of this Plant is milky. It grows on each ſide of the Rio Cobre, below and above the Town, on the ſides of the larger Trees, and in the Woods in moſt parts of this Iſland. XLVI. Arum faxatile, repens, minus, geniculatum & trifoliatum. Cat. p. 36. This is in every thing like that above deſcribed, only leſſer, and the Leaves without Ears, and each of the three Leaves or Sections equal to one another. The Flowers and Fruit are likewiſe the fame. fit 170 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. It grows running along the Rocks, in ſhady Woods, in fixteen Mile Walk, and elſewhere. XLVII. Colocaſia hederacea ſterilis minor folio cordato. Plumier. Cat. p. 63. Arum Americanum ſcandens foliis cordiformibus . Tournef. Inft . p. 159. This has a green, juicy, jointed Stem, of about the bigneſs of a Gooſe- Quill, being round and ſmooth, climbing by means of its large Clavicles it has at joints to about thirty or forty Foot high, and hanging down again to the ground. At every three or four Inches, it puts out Leaves ſtanding on two Inches long, green Foot-Stalks, the Leaf it ſelf being cordated, or of the ſhape of a Heart, three Inches long, and two broad at the round Baſe, where broadeſt, and whence it decreaſes, ending in a point, being ſmooth, or equal on the edges, very juicy, green, and having ſeveral Striz, or ſmall fuperficial Veins appearing on it, being lucid and ſhining, and very pleaſant to look on What Fruit or Flower it bears I know not, never having ſeen them, though I have frequently obſerved it, both in Jamaica, and the Caribes, but believe with F. Plumier it is a Colocaſia, and therefore have placed it here. It grows in the woody ſhady places of Jamaica, and the Caribes. CHA P. VII. Home Its 100 brimos el air eiro lo loro Of Verticillated Plants.odbor botniot born on Del Fan Here are very few verticillated Plants wild in the Iſland of Famaia 6a, at leaſt I met with very few of thar Tribe there, as will ap- pear to any one who peruſes the following Obſervations, and yet there are (I think) more of the European Verticillata, that there grow,and thrive well by Culture, than of any Tribe whatever ; for there is Roſemary, Lavender, Marjoram, Pennyroyal, Thyme, Sage, Sa- voury, &c. in great plenty, whereas many other kinds of as uſeful Plants are very hardly raiſed, or brought to perfection. T I. Pulegium fruticoſum erectum verticillis denhllimis. Cat. p. 64. This has a four Inch long, reddiſh Root, with ſome lateral fibers, from which ariſes a ſquare, woody, brown Stalk, three or four Foot high, branch'd towards the top, and thick ſet at the Joints, which are an Inch aſunder, with long undivided Leaves, an Inch long, and not over the eighth part of an Inch broad in the middle, like thoſe of Hyſop, of a yellowiſh green colour, ſmooth, and having a ſmell like thoſe of St. John's Wort. The Flowers are many, fet round the Joints in a large, round knob, are not galeated, but only have Lips divided into four parts, white, and ſet very cloſe together, making a very large, round knob, and in the Calyx of the Flower follows brown, ſmall, oblong Seeds, each of which has a ſmall Fur- row, or Canalure on one ſide, and is round on the other, in that reſembling the ordinary Wheat. It grows very plentifully in the Town Savannas, and Flowers the whole year round. est bien no Y lI. Mena JO 에 ​ The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 171 II. Mentaftrum maximum, flore cæruleo, nardi odore. Cat. p. 64. Tab. 102. Fig. 2. Erva Cidreira Lufitanis . Marogr. Citrago fen Meliſa Citrata Brafilienfis. Raii Hiſt. p. 1332. Meliffa Famaicana odoratiſſima. Plukenet. Alm. p. 247. Phytogr. Tab. 306. Fig. 3. An mentha Americana meliffe foliis graveolentibus. Herm. par. Bat. pr. Plukenet. Alm.p.248 ? Phytogr. Tab. 306. Fig. 6? Indian Spikenard. boo This near the Root has a red, round, rough Stem, which riſes nine or ten Foot high, having towards the top a ſquare Stalk, and oppoſite Branches. The Leaves ſtand on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are more than two Inches long, about one Inch broad in the middle, where broadeſt, are finuared, or deeply jagged on the edges, hoary, and of a pretty dark green colour. The Flowers are ſtanding round the Stalk Verticillatim, blue, ſmall, retrapetalous, in a quarter of an Inch long ſtriated, furrowed, or cannulated Calyces, the top of which has frve Hairs or Prickles. Each of theſe Calyces contains two black, almoſt round, flat Seeds, having a protuberance in their middle. The whole Plant ſmells very ſtrong, pleaſantly, and like Spikenard, or fomewhat like a Citron, whence the name given it by the Portugueſes. It grew on the ſandy Sea Banks near old Harbour, in the Low Lands or Savannas near the Town, and in ſeveral places of this Iſland. It is eſteem'd a very great Alexipharmac, and is much uſed in outward Fomentations. Piſo us'd this in place of Balm, either in outward Fomentations, or as its diſtillid water in the Collick, or other flatulent Diſtempers, as well as in Coro dial Potions be III. Verbena folio fubrotundo ferrato fore cæruleo. Cat. p. 64. Tab. 1072 Fig. 1. Vervain This Plant has a long Root, very ſtrongly fix'd into the Earth by ſeveral lateral fibers, drawing its Nouriſhment, and ſending up ſeveral two or three Foot long, jointed four-ſquare Stalks. The Leaves ſtand at the Joints op- poſite to one another, on ſhort Foot-Stalks, are two Inches long, one broad, having many Ribs, the principal whereof are purple. They are deeply fer- rated, very ſmooth, and green, having ſmaller ones coming out ex eorum ala. The Flowers ſtand on the Branches ends Spike faſhion. The Spike is long, the Flowers are thick ſet round it, without any Leaves between, are mono- petalous, with the Ore divided into five parts, of a deep blue colour, one, two, three, four, or five Flowers, opening at a time, ſucceſſively one after another from the bottom upwards. After each of theſe follows in a greeniſh brown Calyx or Husk one Seed or rather Husk, ſomething like to that of Wheat in ſhape and colour, only in every thing ſmaller, being eaſily diviſible into two, both being cloſe covered with the ſame Membrane. The Seeds being in a Cavity on the ſide of the Spike, and are covered with three ſharp, browniſh, membranous Leaves. This grows in claiy grounds, in the Savannas, in the Road going to Guda naboa, on the Red Hills, and in many other places in all the Caribes, bar moſt plentifully near Bridgetown in Barbados. It is very much usd in Clyſters for the Belly-ach ; and by fome in Poul- teſſes, with Onions, for the Dropfie. This and Lime-Roots boiled together,the Decoction is ſaid here to cure the Dropfie, or a Decoction of this after the manner of Tea, is of its ſelf counted a powerful Sudorifick, lying warm after it. It is to be drank very warm. It is very much in repute among the Indian and Negro Doctors for the Cure of moſt Diſeaſes. IF 2 172 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. If this be. Monardes his Verbena of Peru, as by the Vertues, it may, 'tis thought by him, and he tells ſeveral Stories, whereby he would make it ap- pear to be one of the beſt Medicines againſt Worms, if the depurated Juice, with Sugar, be drank. It is bitter. It is uſed in Ulcers, beaten and laid as a Poulteſs. A ſpoonful of the juice is given to thoſe who have the Collick, Dyſentery, Cholera Morbus, or any Bowel Diſeaſe. It is good againſt Charms. Bont. IV. Verbena minima Chamadryos folio. Cat. p. 64. Tab. 107. Fig. 2. This Plant has a great many blackiſh fibrils coming from each ſide, of a long, reddiſh brown, deep Root. Ac its appearance out of the Earth it ſends out on every hand ſeveral ſmall, ſquare, trailing, jointed Stalks, two Foot long, at the Joints ſtriking ſome fibrous Roots into the Earth. At every two Inches diſtance are ſwelled, reddiſh Joints, where come the Leaves fet oppoſite one to the other, on a quarter of an Inch Foot-Stalks. They are three quarters of an Inch long, and half an Inch broad, hairy, ſnipt about the edges, and like thoſe of the Chamedrys Spuria. At the ends of the Branches come the Inch and an half long Spikes of ſmall blue headed Flowers, each of which ſtands in a rough Calyx, and after them ſucceed fe- veral roundiſh Seeds, having Afperities and Depreſſions in them, and being of a light brown colour. It grew near the banks of the Rio-Cobre, below the Town of of St. Jage de la Vega, on the ſame ſide of the River. V. Verbena aut ſcorodoni& affinis anomala, flore albldo, calyce aſpero, allii odore. Cat. p. 64. Guinea Hen-Weed. This Plant has a very ſtrong Roof, deeply faſtned in the Earth, of a browniſh white colour, from whence ſprings a very ſtrong Stalk jointed, two Foot highi, at whoſe Joints are Leaves an Inch and an half long, and half as broad in the middle, where broadeſt, ſmooth, and having many Nerves appearing in their ſurface. The tops of the Branches are, for a Foot in length, without any Leaves, ſet cloſe on every ſide with white Tetrape- talous Flowers, in a very rough Calix, ſticking cloſe to the Stalk, without any Foot-Stalks, after which follow, incloſed in a very rough Seed-Veſſel, one brown long Seed. All the parts of this Plant have a very ſtrong unſavoury ſmell, like t® Wild-Garlick. It grows in ſhady Woods, in the Savannas, every where. The Roots of this Plant going very deep into the Earth, afford it Nouriſh- ment, when other Herbs and Grafs are burot up, and when Cattle can find no other Food, they feed on this. Hence Cows Milk in dry Seaſons, in the Savannas, taſt ſo ſtrong of ir as not to be favoury, and the Fleſh of Oxen taſt of it ſo much as ſcarce to be endured, and their Kidnies after a very intolerable manner. To avoid theſe inconveniencies, Grafiers, who feed Cattle for the Marker, take them off ſuch Paſtures, and feed them with other fort of Food, and in about a Weeks time they are fitted for the Butcher, their Fleſh having no taft of this remaining. This taſt in Milk or Fleſh, is ſaid commonly, and believed to be from the Calabalh-Tree, on whoſe Fruit and Boughs Cattle likewiſe then feed, but 'tis perfectly the caſt of this Plant, and not of the other DIE A piece of this Root being put into a hollow Tooth, Cures the aching thereof. o od obis om o FOTO o VI. Opis The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. . 173 VI. Ocimum rubrum medium. Cat. p. 65. The Plant growing here, agrees exactly to the Deſcription of Ocimum In- dicum, Cluf. only it has neither ſpotted, nor ſerrated Leaves, and is not above half a foor high, which perhaps may come from the variety of Soils, that deſcribed by Clufius, being the Plant raiſed from Seed ſent from the Indies. It grows every where in the moiſt places of the Low Lands, or Sa- vannas. It is reckoned a great Cordial, and therefore Diſtilld, and us'd ſeveral other ways, eſpecially by the Spaniards. zit VII . Hormino affinis, foliis anguſtis , glabris. Cat. p. 65. Tab. 102. Fig. 3. This had a ſquare Stalk, hollow, with ſome Branches, ſtanding oppoſite to one another, on which, at half an Inches diſtance, were placed the Leaves oppoſite to one another likewiſe, being an Inch long, and about a quarter of an Inch broad, ſlightly indented about the edges. The Flowers came cloſe together at top in a Spike, being large, and ſtanding on one third part of an Inches Foot-Stalk. I found it in the North parts of this Iſland, whence I brought it to the South, and deſcribed it fome days after, from whence comes the ſhortneſs of my Deſcription, and imperfections of my Obſervations about it. The indentures of the Leaves, Flowers ſet cloſe at top, &c. diſtinguiſh this fufficiently from Hormino accedens anguftiffimo folio Maderafpatenfis, Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 194. Fig. 7. VIII. Nepet a maxima, flore albo, ſpica habitiori. Cat. p. 65. Tab.108. Fig. I. This riſes to ſeven Foot high, though ſometimes, in a different Soil, ić may not come to half that heighth, having a ſquare, brown Stalk. Towards the top are many Branches oppoſite to one another. The Leaves come out at uncertain diſtances, likewiſe oppoſite to one another, ſtanding on an half Inch long, green, hoary Foot-Stalk, in which they differ from the Mentha Cataria auguſtifolia major. C. B. pin) They are two Inches long, and three quarters broad at near the Baſe, where broadeſt, whence they decreaſe, ending in a round, blunt point. They are hoary, ſnipt, or indented about the edges, of a whitiſh green colour. Ex alis foliorum come ſmall Stalks, having ſometimes Leaves, and ſometimes none, but many white labiated Flowers, ſet cloſe together round it, Spike faſhion. All the parts of this plant ſmell very ſtrong, like Car-Mint. It grows in the Ditches about the Town of St. Jago de la Vega. IX. Prunella elatior flore albo. Cat. p. 65. Tab. 109. Fig. I. This had ſeveral ſmall, brown, two or three Inches long, fibrous Roots. The Stalk was quadrangular, jointed, green, two or three Foot high, being a little protuberant at each Joint, having towards the top Leaves and Branches, ſtanding oppoſite to one another. The Leaves ſtood on very fhort Foot-Stalks, were an Inch and an hálf long, and three quarters of an Inch broad, of a pale green colour, with ſome Hair on them, being very like thoſe of Prunella. Ger. The tops were ſhort Spikes of white, and tubulous Fowers, like thoſe of this Kind, and after them follow'd among the Leaves, Capſula's which were firſt green, and then whitiſhi , containing ſe- veral thin, round, membranaceous, black Seeds with a white Margin, lying on one another. It grew on a rocky Hill, juſt over Colonel Bourden's Houſe beyond Gua- naboa. X. Prima ху 174 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica X. Prunella flore dilute cæruleo pent åpet aloideo. Cat. p. 65. This is another fort of Prunella, which is in every thing the ſame with the former, only not ſo high. The Leaves are greener, the Flowers of a pale blue colour, monopetalous, the Ore being deeply divided into five Sections, or Petala. It grows in moſt Woods of the Iſland. or a od ovo 2013 XI. Sideritis Spicata ſcrophularia folio, flore albo, ſpicis brevibus habitiori- bus rotundis, pediculis inſidentibus. Cat. p. 65. Tab. 109. Fig. 2. Wild-Hops. This has feveral ſmall, white Roots, which, united, fend up a four ſquare, purpliſh Stalk, riſing three Foot, having at every two Inches diſtance Leaves oppoſite to one another, exactly like thoſe of Scrophularia in bigneſs, &c. Near the top, ex alis foliorum, goes out an Inch long Foot-Stalk, ſuſtaining a Sphærical Head, about the bigneſs of a Hafel-Nut, made up of a great many galeated white Flowers ſtanding cloſe together, as in the Trifolium pratenſe purpureum. After this follow many ſmall, black, ſhining Seeds, like to the ſmalleſt Gun-powder, contained in a hollow, long, brown Calyx, having five prickly Apices on its top. The whole Plant, when in ſtate with its Heads, reſembles very much a Branch of Hops, whence the name. It grows on the Road to Guanaboa by a Gully near the Red Hills, near the Church in Guanaboa, and in ſeveral other places of this Iſland. This Plant is ſomewhat anomalous, but this is the beſt place I could find for it. XII. Lyfimachia cærulea galericulata, foliis anguftis, longis, ſerratis, fætidis. Cat. p. 66. A great many two Inch long white Roots, take very firm hold of the Earth, and raiſe an hexangular Stalk to one Foot and an half high, having here and there Joints and Branches. The Leaves ſtand three together, at a Joint, are long, narrow, jagg’d on the edges, covered with a white Wooll , or Down, and ending in a point from a broader beginning. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, are blue, ſmall, like the other Lyſimachia galerici- lata, having one Section turn’d up, and three hanging down, to which fol- low a great number of ſmall, brown, red Seeds. The whole Plant ſmells very ſtrong. It grows in claiy low places of the Savanna, near the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and other places where water has ſtood in rainy Seaſons. The Leaves of this being ſerrated, it cannot be the Scutellaria Virginiana byllopi anguftis foliis, flore cæruleo. Plukenet. Alm. p. 338. XIII. Scorodonia floribus fpicatis purpurafcentibus pentapet aloideis, femine unico, majori, echinato. Cat.p. 66. Tab. 110. Fig. I This has a great many four ſquare, hollow Stalks, ſometimes green, and ſometimes purple, having here and there about an Inch diſtant from one ano- ther, at Joints, Leaves ſtanding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks, oppoſite to one another, being about an Inch long, and half as broad at Baſe, purple on the upper ſide, green underneath, rough and indented aboue the edges. The top is three or four Inches long, having on it a great many pale purple Flowers, ſtanding in a green woolly Calyx, the Oræ of each being divided into five Sections, after which follow fo many rough,round Capſula's brown, and inclofing an echinated, round, brown, large Seed. It grows on the rocky, barren, clear'd Wood Lands, about Guanaboa. The juice is counted a good vulnerary, healing green Wounds, after application giving fome ſmarting pains. XIV. Score The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 175 bit oluntad dont as boer go XIV. Scordium maritimum, fruticoſum, procumbens, flore cæruleo. Cat. p. 66. Tab. 110. Fig. 2. pod This Plant has ſmall fibers going from the Stalks into the Sand, ſupplying tho place of Roots. The Stalk is rough, four ſquare, three or four Foot long, lying on the top of the Earth, at every half Inch's diſtance ſending out Leaves, two oppoſite to one another, and ſometimes Branches after the manner of other four-ſquare ſtalk'd Plants. They are oblong, almoſt triangular, the Baſe ſticking to the Stalk without any Foot Stalk, from whence it decreaſes to the point, being indented or ſnipt about the edges, hoary of a rank ſmell, and ſomewhat clammy. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, are blue, ſmall, and tetrapetalous, with Stamina in the middle. After theſe ſucceed a great number of ſmall, black, cornered Seeds, not diſcernible to the Eye, ſticking to a middle Pillar, covered with long Skins or mem- branes, lying under each Leaf. It grew among the looſe Sand juſt by the Town of Old Harbour. VIII: sulan T 19170 lb re suodatin CHA P. VIII. anoto of Herbs that are leguminous, or have a papylionaceous Flower. wo Ob onane ad oodwra bristor 36 beord be HIS Tribe of Plants is very numerous in Jamaica, and of great uſe to the Inhabitants, who feed much on the Kinds of Beans, Peaſe, or Phaſeoli hereafter mentioned. oz 202 They are to be divided into two kinds, ſuch as live ſeveral years, which I call Perennes, and thoſe which are fown every Seaſon after Rain, riſe and grow to their due maturity in very few months, if not weeks. 'Tis on theſe, many of which are Reiti, or grow erect with- our climbing, that the Slaves are fed. There are not wanting of this kind ſuch as are very large, beautiful, lacteſcent, &c. and other Kinds very differing from thoſe of Europe. There is uſe made not only of the Seeds, but alſo of the Leaves and Stalks of theſe Kind of Phaſeoli for Provender for Cattle. 2 1. Phaſeolus maximus perennis, ſemine compreſſo, lato, nigris maculis not ato. Cat.p. 66. Tab. III. Fig. 1. Antre forte des feves de Biet. p. 335. Phaſeolus Barbadenſis fruticoſus ſeptennii durationis . Plukenet. Almag. p. 291. An pois gros do plats blancs de Bouton. p. 51? The great Bean. This has a Stalk at coming out of the Earth as big as ones little Finger, angular, covered with a grayiſh Bark, turning and winding its felf about any Perch, and riſing to about ſeven or eight Foot high, then falling, the Branches inviegle one another . At about two Inches diſtance, they ſend out Leaves, three always ſtanding together on the ſame common, Inch long Foot-Stalk, each of them being almoſt round, of near an Inch Diameter, ſtanding on very fhort Foot-Stalks; that in the middle, or op- poſite to the Foot-Stalk, having a Petiolus half an Inch longer than the others ar Baſe. The Flowers ſtand ſeveral together, on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot Stalk, being ſmall papylionaceous, having a contorted Stylus, and ſome Leaves or Petala, of a white and purpliſh colour, with ſome green. After theſe follows a Pod at firſt green, then of a Clay or Alh colour without, and white within, crooked, more than two Inches long, 176 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Fruit. An pois gros do long, and an Inch broad in the middle, where broadeſt, containing one or more flat, or compreſs’d, broad Seeds or Beans, at firſt purple with black ſpots, then of the figure of a Kidney. They are black in the Circumference, and white towards the Center or Hilus, where they adhered to the Pod, and one Inch long, and three quarters broad in the middle where nar- roweſt. e tona They are planted in moſt Gardens, and Proviſion Plantations, where they laſt for many years, bringing every Seaſon a great many Beans. They are eaten when green, and are fit for the Table in December. They are very good, as any of the Legumina, eſpecially when the outward-Skin is taken off. They muſt have Poles or Perches to climb up, and ſuſtain themſelves by, they being otherwiſe too weak in their Stalks to ſupport themſelves, or bring os It was firſt brought from Africa. C. B. II. Phaſeolus perennis anguſtifolius flore luteo, ſemine tato, compreſſo, minore, rubro, maculis nigris notato. Cat. p. 67. Tab. 111. Fig. 2. plats rouges de Bouton, P.51 Phaſeolus Americanus longiſſimis & anguftis foliis Plukenet. Almag. p. 291 ? The ſmall red ſpotted Bean. This Phaſeolus has ſeveral angular green Stalks, by which it mounts about any Perches, or runs along the Hedges, at every three Inches diſtance, put- ting forth Leaves and Flowers, the firſt ſtand on two Inch long Foot-Stalks, always three together. They are an Inch an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad at their round Baſe, where broadeſt, from thence de creaſing, and ending in a Point, the odd one being three quarters of an Inch beyond thoſe at Baſé. Ex alis foliorum, comes an Inch long Spike of Flowers, fer round after one another. They are very ſmall, papylionaceous and yellow. After them follow Pods an Inch and an half long, almoſt ſtraight, with a ſharp end, brown on the outſide, white within, and con- taining two, or more red, flat Peaſe or Beans, ſomething of the ſhape of a Kidney, ſcarlet coloured, with black Specks here and there on their ſurface. They are planted as other of the Perennial Phaſeoli, and give Fruit every year about the beginning of February, yielding a very great increaſe. They are very good to be eaten any way, as any of the other Phaſeoli . III. Phaſeolus peregrinus octavus ſeu anguſtifolius alter, fructu ex albo & nigro vario. C. B. Cat. p. 67. This is likewiſe planted amongſt the other Peaſe in Jamaica. IV. Phaſeolus major perennis, floribus ſpicatis, filiqua breviori rotundiore, fe- mine albo ſpherico. Cat. p. 67. Tab. 112. Fig. 1, 2, 3. Phaſeolus tumidus mi- nimus niveus filiqua brevi Virginianus Raii, hift. p.885. An phaſeolus hortenfis fracto albo, minore, oviformis, venereus di&tus. Hofm. Cat. Áldt ? Jamaica Peaſe. Theſe are much the ſame with the former, only the Leaves are larger, and more pointed, ſtanding on longer Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are more in number, ſtanding Spike faſhion, with an Eye of yellow in them, and the Pod is an Inch and an half long, and ſcarce half an Inch broad, contain- ing three or four white, roundiſh Seed faſtned by their middle to the Pod. They are not much bigger than our ſmall Field Pea. Ha They are planted, and continue as the former. ombre 0 Van здегі V. Pha- The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 177 V. Phaſeolus maximus perennis, floribus fpicatis, albis, ſpeciofis,filiquis brevibus, latis, ſemen album bile albido fere circumdante. Cat. p. 67. Tab. 113. Fig. 1, 2, 3, Phaſeolus famaicenfis & Barbadenhs Ægyptiaco fimilis, ſemine ex toto eburnei nia toris. Pluken. Almag. p. 291, Bonaviſt of Ligon. p. 22. This Phaſeolus has a very ſtrong, round Srem at its Root, which fends out a great many round, green, ftriated, long Branches, climbing, and cover- ing any Trees, Hedges, or low Houſes they come near, ſending out here and there Leaves and Flowers, which have a little knob at their Foot-Stalks, parting from the main Stem. The Leaves are always three, fet on a long Foot-Stalk, large, woolly, and in every thing like the others of this Kind. The Flowers come out on each ſide of a Foot long Spike. They are white, papylionaceous, and make a very comely ſhow on Hedges or Houſes. After each of theſe follows a Pod two Inches long, and half an Inch broad, a little crooked, clay coloured, membranaceous, and containing four or five white, roundiſh, compreſs'd Peaſe, having a long white Hilus or Eye, almoſt ſurrounding the whole Bean. They are planted here for Food as well as Ornament. They make a pretty appearance in Planters Gardens. One Root will laſt a long time, and yield many Diſhes of Peaſe, which, when eaten green, are not unpleaſant. Theſe Beans roſted, as Coffee, and the Powder mixed with Rum-Punch, as Nutmeg-Powder uſes to be, will intoxicate the Drinkers of it for ſome time. VI. Phaſeolus maximus perennis, floribus ſpicatis albis fpeciofis, hliquis brevia bus latis, femen ruffum hilo albido fere circumdante. Cat.p. 68. Tab. 113. Fig.4. Lablab femine ſubrubro. Alp. p. 74. Vefling. p. 24. Leplap alterum rufum. Čluſ . rar. pl. hiſt. lib. 6. p. 227. Phaſeolus AEgyptiacus live lablab ſecundum femine rufo. C.B. pin. p. 341. Phaſeolus Lablab Spadicens hilo longo albo. J. B. tom. 2. p. 271. Red Bona Vift. This Phaſeolus ſeems not to differ from one I had from a Bale of Coffee, came from Arabia or Egypt, and therefore I take it to be the ſame with the Lablab, and am very apt to believe this, with reddiſh Beans, and the black to be only varieties of the ſame Plant. Proſper Alpinus deſcribing this to have a long Pod, gave me a doubt about it, but ſince ſeeing one among Coffee, and the Pod by Clufius to agree with this, I think it the ſame with the above deſcribed of the Weft-Indies . This is much the ſame with the foregoing, only ſmaller in every part, and the Beans or Peaſe are not white but red. They are ſometimes planted, though not fo generally lik'd as the white Kind, becauſe of their greater flatulency. The Ægyptians uſe them for Food, and they are not leſs pleaſant than our Beans to the taſt. Women uſe their Decoction with Saffron, ad excitane dos menfes. It is likewiſe helpful for the Cough, difficulty of breathing, and to grovoke ſuppreſs'd Urin.. Alp.ca VII. Phaſeolus maximus, ſiliqua enſiformi nervis inſignitä, & femine albo, mem- tranuld incluſo. Cat. p. 68. Tab, 114. Fig. 1, 2, 3. Phaſeolus Indicus hliqua magna falcata, quaternis in darſo nervis, cum eminentiis plurimis verrucoſis, feo cundum langitudinem inſignit a, fructu amplo niveo, hilo cročeo. Pløken. Alm. 1, 292. Horſe Beans This fends out on every ſide of its Root, for ſome Feers diſtance, ſe veral Stalks, which are ſtrong, and climbing about any thing they come near, at every Inches diſtance ſending forth Leaves and flowers. The Leaves are aslui Z i always 178 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica always three together, ſtanding on the ſame two Inches long Foot-Stalk, which at parting from the Stem, has a ſwelling, each Leaf is larger, of a darker green colour than the other Phaſeoli, ſmooth, having the Ribs appearing as thoſe of the Trifolium paludoſum. The Flowers ſtand ſeveraf together on the ſame two Inches long Foot-Stalk. They are cloſe papylionaceous, and of a bluiſh purple colour, after which follows a Foot and an half long Pod : ſtrong, of a clay colour, a little crooked, or ſhap'd like a Scymiter, being an Inch broad, not altogether compreſs’d, but a little roundiſh, having on each Valve, with- in an eighth part of an Inch of their back Seam, where they are united, two ſmall ridges or eminences running the whole length of the Pod. The Seeds are perfectly white, the largeſt of this Kind, being of a Kidnies ſhape, or ſomething Oval at its narroweſt or middle part , having a black hilus or ſpeck, and each Seed is lodged in a diſtinct, very thin, white Membrane or Bladder, and five or fix of theſe are contained in the ſame Pod. I found this Bean firſt growing sponie at the upper end of the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and afterwards in ſeveral Planters Gardens. They are eaten as other Phaſeoli by fome, and counted good Food, though their greateſt uſe is to fatten Hogs. Nothing but the colour is different in Clufius his Deſcription of this Lobe or Seed, which may be from the age or durtineſs of the Plant. DIS VIII. Phaſeolus maximus perennis, folio decompoſito, lobo maximo contorto. Cat. p. 68. Phaſeolus utriuſque Indie arboreus, alatis foliis , fructu magno cor. diformi, lobis longißimis, nodoſis, plerumque intortis Pluken. Alm.p.295. This is very well deſcribed and figured in the Hortus Malabaricus. They grow in the inland Woods of this Iſland, creeping up the Trees, and covering their tops for many Acres, as in the Thickets beyond Mount Diablo, going to St. Anns, on the Moneque Savanna, and in the Hills between Gunnaboa, and Mountain River Plantations. The Beans are pick'd up, and the mealy part being taken out at the hilus, they are tipt with Silver, and made into Snuff-Boxes. The Beans Purge and Vomit, and are therefore Merchandiſe. H. M. This fort of Bean is one of thoſe found thrown up on the Shores in the North-Weſt parts of Scotland, concerning which ſee the Philoſophical Tran- fadions. Numb. 222. p. 398. acts od o sono solo sud od doob sista to nos IX. Phaſeolus Braſilianus fruteſcens, lobis villos, pungentibus, maximus. Herm. Par. Bat. pr. Cat. p. 68. Phaſeolus Braſilianus foliis molli lanugine obhitis, fructu magno. C. B. Muf. Srammard. p. 51. An Lobus Cartilagineus ex inſula. S. Mau- ritiis. Cluf. Braſil . Befler. faſc? Horſe-Eye-Bean. 9. This has round, green Stalks, about the bigneſs of a Gooſe-Quill, by which it winds and turns its ſelf round any Hedge or Tree it comes Ar about four Inches diſtance, it fends out Leaves, ſtanding on two Inches long, green Foot-Stalks, three always together. The Foot-Stalk has a yellowiſh, and rough protuberance at coming out of the Stalk, as have the Leaves at parting from the Foot-Stalks, The Leaves are all equal to one another, that oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, or in the middle, having a Petiolus three quarters of an Inch long. Each of the Leaves is three Inches long, and half as broad, on the upper ſurface ſmooth and green, on the un- der hoary and white, having ſome fibers from the Center of the Foot-Stalk, and others from the middle Rib, running through the Leaf. Ex alis foliorum hang down the Flowers by three Inch long foot-Stalks, being eight or nine together, umbell-faſhion, faſtned to the end of the Foot-Stalk by a quarter of an Inch long Petioli. They conſiſt firſt of a hoary, yellowiſh green Cap- fula, divided into four parts, within which is another yellowiſh and ſmooth capſular near. The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 179 capſular Leaf. Within theſe is an Inch long tubulous, papylionaceous, yellow Flower, with Stamina, and a Stylus. After theſe follow ſeveral Pods three Inches long, and half as broad, flat, having both Valves, at the opening, two waved eminent Lines, and all along their ſurface the ſame ſhorter waved eminences, very thick ſet with very iharp and ſmall Prickles, both on the eminences and furrows. They are firſt of a green, and then when ripe of a blackiſh colour, and contain ſeveral round Beans, of about an Inch Diame- ter, flat, of a light brown colour, with a black ledge or bilus almoſt round them, looking ſomething like a Horſes Eye, whence the name. They are caten by the Caribes, and the juice of the Leaves is uſed by them for Dying Cotton Hamacs, of a black colour. Plum. They grew on a Lime-Hedge, near Colonel Copes at Guanaboa, between his Houſe, and the Mountains, and going down to the Ferry by the Rivers ſide over againſt Atkins's Plantation, Snuff-Boxes are made of them. Tertre. Theſe Beans are very often to be gathered on the Sea Shore, caſt up by the Waves, being dropt into ſome Rivers, or the Sea its ſelf, whence they are again thrown up. They are troubleſome to Travellers, ſtinging them as they ride. Piſo fäys they raiſe Puſtles, and that he was not cured in eight days with Anodines and Coolers, they having hurt his Face and Hands in travelling. They are thrown by the Currents of the Sea on the North-Weſt parts of Scotland, concerning which the Philofophical Tranſactions before mentioned. Cluſius ſaw them fent from Barbary. Three of theſe Beans eaten caufe death. The vertue of this Plant is in the Gour. The Leaves keep Women with Child from the Vertigo, for boil'd in Rice-water they dry ſuperfluous humors. Its Bark, with dry Ginger, and the Fruit Caringola, beaten, and boild in the Oil call'd Fofule de enfermo Bepu, gives an Oil, which anointed on the Spinal Marrow, quiers Rheums and hurtful Catarhs. The Kernel, throwing away the inward Cuticle, boild with Milk and freſh Butter, is mixt to an Ointments Conſiſtence againſt Pimples coming in Womens pudenda, With the Herb call’d Felis oculus, boild in Rice-waſhings and Butter-milk, it is a good Ointment in the Gout, and the ſame does the Root, with the Root of Carimbola, and Capiram, and the Leaves of Munia in form of Liniment, or if with the Bark of Tamarind, and dry Ginger, it be powdered and put into Whey, and then with the Oil Bepu it be boild and made into a Liniment. H. M. They are uſed to be made into Buttons for Coats, ſometimes tipt with Silver, ſometimes not tipt. X. Phaſeolus maritimus rotundifolius, flore purpureo, filiqua brevi criſtata, ſee mine fufco ftriato. Cat. p.69. Phaſeolus Brafilicus de Bry. florileg. The Sea- Bean. DES SO This has a deep, white, round Root, ſending out on every hand ſeveral very long, ſmall, whire Filaments, running through the looſe ſandy Soil in which they grow to ſeek Nouriſhment to the Plant. The Stalks are many, lying on the ſurface of the ground for many Yards round, being about the big- neſs of a Swans-Quill, green, and a little cornered, putting forth at every three or four Inches Leaves alternatively, three always ſtanding together on a common two Inches long Foot-Stalk, protuberant at its coming from the Stalk. The Leaves are almoſt round, that oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, or in the middle, is the largeſt, ſtanding an Inch beyond the other two at Baſe. It is two Inches long, and one and an half broad in the middle where broadeſt, having one middle Rib, and ſome tranſverſe ones being of a Graſs green co- colour, and ſmooth. The Flowers ſtand on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are papy- 180 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. papylionaceous, and of a pale purple colour. The Pod is two Inches long, and three quarters of an Inch broad, ſtraight, of a clay colour, ſwelld out, or the Peaſe appearing in it before it be opened, having two creſts, rais'd Ledges, or eminent Lines, one on each Valve, near the opening of it. The Peaſe are about fix in number, each lying in a different Membrane, of the bigneſs of an ordinary Bean. They are Oval, brown, with clay coloured Spots on them, having a black Eye or Hilus, by which they are faſtened to the Pod. It grows on the Cayos near Port-Royal, and in all the Caribes by the fandy Sea Shores very plentifully. They are dangerous to eat, therefore not gathered. Tertre. Smith in his Hiſtory of the Summer Iſles, has a paſſage which I am apt to think relates to theſe Beans. The pallage is this, p. 107. A kind of Woodbind, there is likewiſe by the Sea, very commonly to be found, which runs upon Trees, twining its ſelf like a Vine. The Fruit ſomewhat re- fembles a Bean, but ſomewhat flatter, the which, any way eaten, worketh excellently in the nature of a Purge, and though very vehemently, yet without all peril. This Plant is very well figured by Ferrarius. XI. Lobus oblongus aromaticus. Cluf. exot. Cat. p. 70. Vanillias piperis ara bori Famaicenfis innafcens . Plukenet. Alm. p. 381. Phyt. Tab. 320. Fig. 4. Von lubilis fliguoſa Mexicana foliis plantagineis. Raii hift. p. 1330. Siligud Tlilxochitl. Worm. Muſ. Swammerd. p. 16. Vinelloes of Dampier. cap. 3 & 8. Volubilis Americana capreolata; plantagineis foliis, hihiquis longis moſcham olen- tilus Bobart. hiſt . Ox. part. 3. P. 613. Lathyrus Mexicanus hiliquis longifimis unktuoſis Moſchatis nigris . Amman. char.p. 436. It is ſaid by ſeveral that they grow in this Iſland about Aqua Alta, and that before the felling of Timber, and clearing ground, they were common in the ſhady bottoms of the inland parts of this Iſland. They move Urin and the Menfes. Comfort the Brain, Expel Wind, and Concoct crude humors. Pif. It is mixed with Chocolate. It grows about Bocatoro Guatulco do Campeche . It has a yellow Flower. It grows about the Trees, is yellow when Ripe, and laid in the Sun turns foft, and to a Chefnur colour, then they preſs it between their Fingers, and make it flar. The Spaniards ſleek it with Oil. Dampier. XII. Phaſeolus glycyrrhizites, folio alato piſo coccineo atra macila notato. Cat. p. 70. Tab. 112. Fig. 4, 5, 6. This, by its Stalk, winds its felf round any Shrub it comes near, riſing by its help ſeven or ten Foot high. The Stalks are of the bigneſs of a Gooſe- Quill, round, woody, ſmooth, ſhining, having here and there alternatively Branches and Leaves. The Branches are about fix Inches long, and at each Inches interval are winged Leaves, about four Inches long, beſet by equal num- bers of Pinne, oppoſite to one another, each of them being three quarters of an Inch long, and one quarter of an Inch broad, of a yellowiſh green colour, about eight or nine pair, growing on the ſame middle Rib. At the end of the Branch ſtand the Flowers very cloſe in a Spike together, being in all two Inches long. Each of them is pale purple, and papylionaceous. After them follow as many ſhort, broad, greeniſh brown Pods, broad at bottom, and ſharp towards their ends, each containing three or four exactly round, ſcarlet Peaſe, having a black ſpot on that part where they ſtick to the Pod. Shs 2 podrobnowold toomil batalog Ic The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 1 81 Ic grows brodser in the Vallies or Low Lands, towards the Sea ſide in great plenty, flowering after the great Rains. The whole Plant is ſweetiſh to the taſt, and therefore call’d wild Li- quorih. Colophoriso It is commended for a Remedy againſt the Belly-ach, if the Leaves be boil'd in Broth, and the Decoction given to the Sick. Cluſius was told, that theſe Peaſe ſtring’d and wore as Bracelets, were uſed as Piony Roots againſt the Falling-Sickneſs; but he believed they were wore only as an Ornament, and I am of the ſame mind, they being us d for that purpoſe to this day. no 01 Esmo Cluſius ſays, that they remain ſometimes three years in the ground after planting, before they riſe, which he aſcribes to their hardneſs, Into da The Egyptians feed on them, being boild, but they are of all other Beans the hardeſt, and of worſe Digeſtion, wherefore they are very troubleſome to the Stomach, begetting much Wind. They are very hurtful to Hypo- chondriack People, very hardly to be digeſted, and beget bad Nouriſhment. Alp. They were brought from Arabia Felix into Egypt, and there Sown, and us'd more for Girls Ornament chan Food. Vefling, no lloo Wild Beft in his Deſcription of the third Voyage of Frobiſher to meta incognita, ſituated in above ſixty degrees of North Latitude, fays, that they found in the Tents of thoſe people a Guinea-Bean of red colour, the which doch uſually grow in hot Countries, thereby conjecturing they travelled into fat diftant Countries, or traded with people from thence. og o bisa They are commended by fome (I ſuppoſe in Necklaces, vid. Cluf.) in teething Fevers, and Spaſms of Children. Cam. grillow orla dainas bus They are uſed for weights, Ind. or. par. 6. P35 The Leaves with Calamus aromaticus, boild with Oil, help Pains from ſharp Humors. Their Powder by Inſolation, mixt with Sugar, ſtays a ſharp Cough. The Juice expreſs’d, puts away Pains and Cold, and diſcuſſes thick and rough Humors, etc. They are not caten, but uſed as Weights in Madagaſcar and China. Grem slodavad obbit Theſe Beans are frequently gathered on the shores of the North-Weſt 20 parts, and Iſlands of Scotland, with other Seeds which are before, and will hereafter be mentioned. Upon being ſometimes wetted, theſe Peaſe will turn of a black colour, whence I conjecture the two forts mentioned by Dr. Plukenet in his Alm. P. 294, and Mantiſ 4, p.150. may be the ſame. Ford XIII. Phaſeolus ſylvaticus flore patulo, dilute purpureo, filiqua tenui nigra, le- mine minore maculato. Cat. p, 71. Phaſeolo affinis folio terebinthi duritie, Braſia liana flore purpureo maximo. Pluk. Alm. p. 291. el to be This, by its tender Stalks, winds its ſelf round any Plant it comes near. The Leaves are very thin, of a freſh green colour, and are always three, ſtanding on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, each of which is about an Inch long, and three Inches broad, near the round Baſe where broadeſt, and whence they end in a point which is blunt, being thin and ſmooth, and of a yel- lowiſh green colour. The Flowers ſtand on a long Foot Stalk, are papilios naceous, very open, of a pale blue colour, with ſome purple Streaks, after which follows a Imall three Inches long, thin, black Pod, containing ſeveral oblong Peaſe, ſpeckled with black ſpots. The Pods have two eminent raiſed Lines on their outſides, There is a variety in the largeneſs of this Plant. noilig alle Limoges to be A a a Dr. Plukenea towolt I 82 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. * Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiſſa, p. 84. ſays that I, more folito, confound the ſynonimous names of Plants. I am ſure he has done ſo in this. Vid. Alm. p. 157. and 291. It grows above Mr. Batchelor's Houſe among the Honey-Comb-Rocks, and in Barbados very plentifully. DICE Day Boothan one XIV. Phaſeolus ſylveſtris minor, fiore minimo, filiguis longis, teretibus, alba lanugine hirſutis. Cat. p.71. This has ſeveral hairy ſmall Stems, by which it turns it ſelf round any thing it comes near, and mounts to four or five Foot high, at every Inch and and an halfs diſtance, putting forth Leaves. They are always three toge- ther, on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, the odd one being two Inches long, and three quarters of an Inch in breadth, hairy, of a yellowiſh green colour, and plac'd one third of an Inch beyond the two Leaves at Baſe, which are every way ſmaller. Oppoſite to this Leaf comes the Flower, being of a pale green colour, and ſcarce diſcernable beſides the Hair. After this comes a {mall Pod, green and hairy, two Inches long, of a dark brown colour, with a white Wooll on it, containing ſeveral oblong, round yellowiſh Peaſe, ſticking to the Pod by a white Eye in the middle. They grow very plentifully in the open Grounds on the Hedges in Guanaboa. Concerning its Vertues. vid. H. M. Part. 8. p. 68. Where amongſt others 'tis ſaid to be good, being mix'd with Cows-Milk, either outwardly as a Liniment, or inwardly as a Potion, againſt the bitings of Scorpions or Rats, and againſt the ſwellings of the Teftes. XV. Phaſeolus minor lacteſcens flore purpureo. Cat. p. 71. Tab. 114. Fig. 4. This by its round, ſmall , woody, Stalks, turns its ſelf round, and mounts about any Tree or Shrub it comes near, riſing to fix Foot High. At every Ineh or more, putting forth Leaves, three always together, ſtanding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk. That one of the three oppoſite to the Foot- Stalk, or in the middle, being the largeſt, is an Inch long, and three quarters of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeſt, being roundiſh or oval, of a dark green colour, ſmooth, hard and nervous. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, being many on the ſame very ſhort Foot-Stalks, are three quar- ters of an Inch long, hollow, papilionaceous, and purple. After them fol- low two Inches long, and one fourth part of an Inch broad Pods, round, a little crooked, and ſharp at the end. At firſt they are green, then brown, and contain ſeveral brown, ſmall Peaſe. All parts of this Plant are milky. It grew on the Red Hills, on each ſide of the Road, among the Buſhes going to Gwanaboa, and other places very plentifully. XVI. Phaſcolus minimus, fætidus, floribus ſpicatis è viridi luteis ſemine ma- culato. Cat.p. 71. Tab. 115. Fig. I. An Phaſeolus Americanuus, fructu mini- mo, variegato. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p.415 ? This has round, ſmall and tender Stalks, riſing by, and twiſting its ſelf round any thing it comes near, 'till it be fix or ſeven Foot high, having here and there along the Stalks, Leaves and flowers. The Leaves are always three, of a yellowiſh green colour, ſtanding on the ſame common half Inch long Foot-Stalk, round, and about the bigneſs of thoſe of the Trifolium pratenſe album. Its Flowers are many, ſtanding on an half Inch long Foot- Stalk, Spike faſhion, are very ſmall, ſcarce opening themfelves, papiliona- ceous, and of a greeniſh yellow colour. After theſefollow as many quarter of The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 183 of an inch long, black, rough Pods, containing one or more, finall, oblong, blackiſh, green, ſpeckled Peaſe. FOTO 1 he whole Plant has an unfavoury rank ſmell. 2. It grows in rocky places, where the Woods are clear’d, near Mr. Batchelor's Houſe, and in ſeveral ſandy places of the Town Savanna. tad om XVII. Phaſeolus erectus lathyroides, flore amplo, coccineo. Cat.p.71. Tab. 116. Fig. 1. hoil blon Dolce This has an oblong, large, white Root, going a foot deep into the ground, from the top of which grow ſeveral trailing Branches, round and green, ſer pretty thick with Leaves three always together, on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks. Each of them is an Inch long, and not over the twelfth part of an Inch broad, ſmooth, of a blewiſh green colour. The Leaf op- poſite to the Foot-Stalk, is longer, and ſtands on the top of the Foot-Stalk by an eighth part of an Inch Petiolus. The Flowers ſtand ſeverally on two Inches long, round, green, naked Foot-Stalks. They are papilionaceous, of a ſcarlet colour, the two biggeſt oppoſite Petala, being very large, to which follows a ſlender, brown Pod, containing ſeveral Peale. about xl It grows in the claiy parts of the Savannas. XVIII . Phaſeolus erectus major, ſiliqua tereti, femine rubro. Cat. p. 71. Tab. 115. Fig. 2, 3. An Phaſeolus Americanus hortenh affinis fructu minore rubro, Callavance Famaicenfibus dictus. Pluken. Almag. p. 289. Famaica Red-Peafe. o This Phaſeolus has a ſmall Root, and ſtrong green Stem, which, at about three Inches from the ground, ſhoots out ſeveral trailing Branches, at unequal diſtances fending forth Flowers and Leaves, of the latter there are always three, like the other Phaſeoli, ſtanding on a four Inches long Foot-Stalk: The Flowers are two, on an Inch and an half long, ſtrong Foot-Stalk, one againſt another, papylionaceous, and of a pale purple colour. After theſe follow two Pods of a reddiſh purple, colour, having a ſwelling over every Pea, dari aloe It is planted as the former, and counted very good Proviſion. bros XIX. Phaſeolus major erectus, caule purpurafcente, filiqua tereti ventrioså longa. Cat. p. 72. This has a cornered, ſomewhat purple Stalk, ſlender, eight or nine Foot long, at every three or four Inches diſtance ſending out Leaves, three beo ing always on the ſame two Inches long Foot-Stalk, like in every thing to thoſe of the other Phaſeoli. Ex alis foliorum comes a two Inches long Foota Stalk, and on it ſeveral pale papylionaceous Flowers, and after them follows a round, whitiſh Pod, ventrioſe, as big as ones little Finger, almoſt ſtraight, four or fix Inches long, containing about fifteen cornered, reddiſh brown coloured Peaſe, juſt like an Engliſh Rouncival, having in their Pods a thin membrane between every Pea. They are planted as frequently, and ſet for the ſame purpoſes as other the Phaſcoli of this kind. DOW 2. XX. Phaſeolus erectus minor, filiquâ tereti veniriosa, pallide flaveſcente, ſemine albo. Cat. p. 72. Clay coloured Peaſe, or fix Weeks Peaſe. From a ſmall Root, with many fibers, riſes a Stem, ſometimes purple, having ſeveral Branches on every hand, about a Foot and an half higli, and here and there, without any order, Leaves and Flowers, ex eorum alis, both ſtanding on an Inch long Foot-Stalks. The Leaves are always three, woolly, almoſt round, two Inches long, and one and an half broad, made like the other Phaſeoli. The Flowers are papylionaceous, of a pale blue 184 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. blue, purple colour, or fometimes whitiſh. The fucceeding Pads are about three Inches long, clay coloured, round, only ſwell’d more or leſs according to the number of Peas, every one having a ſwelling over it, and incloſing a great many white Peas, oblong, roundith, and thap'd like a Kidney, as other the Phaſeoli . bolani bas oH There is a variety in this Pea, fome being larger than others. They are planted here in clear'd grounds after a ſmall Rain or Seaſon. They howe, or make ſuperficial holes in the Earth three Foot diſtance one from another, and therein put three Peaſe, covering them with the Mould, one whereof they think will ſpring, the other two are fuppoſed to be eaten with Rats, Mice,&c. In fix weeks time they are ready to be gathered. If not gathered when Ripe, the firſt Shower of Rain ſhakes them, and they are loſt, which ſhows the contrivance of Nature to perpetuate the Plant, Rain ſhaking the ripe Seed at a time when proper to grow. loro osobnog They are reckon d very good Proviſion for Negroes, white Servants, or to fatten Hogs withal, and very much planted for thoſe uſes. o gaol odoo nagold wideoloo ushis? XXI. Phaſeolus erectus minor, ſemine Spherico albido, hilo nigro. Cat. p. 72. Tab. 117. Fig. 1, 2, 3. Phaſeoløs Indicus fructu ſtriato, albo minore nigra macula inhgnito . Plukenet. Almag. p. 290. An phaſeolus Barbadenſis erectior ſiliqua anguſtiſſima tin&torius. Herm. par. Bat. p. II ? Calavances. This ſort of Phaſeolus has a Stalk, putting forth ſeveral Branches, riſing about a Foot high, along which come out Leaves three together, on a three or four Inches long Foot-Stalk. That Leaf which is odd, or oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, is an Inch and an half broad at Baſe, and two Inches and an half long, plac'd three quarters of an Inch further than thoſe at Baſe, which are ſmaller, they are very ſoft, of a yellowiſh green colour, and have their Ribs from the ends of their Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are white, pa- pilionaceous, and ſtand on nine Inches long, ſtrong Foot-Stalks, coming our ex alis foliorum. After them follow three or four Inches long Pods, almoſt round, clay coloured, and almoſt ſtraight, containing very many almoſt round, white Peaſe, ſomething reſembling a Kidney, with a black Eye, not fo big as the ſmalleſt Field Pea. They are planted, and periſh every Seaſon, as ſome of the other Phaſeoli. They are accounted the ſweeteſt, and beſt for Food of any of them. tai 007 od 1991 co XXII. Arachidna Indie utriuſque tetraphylla. Par. Bat.pr. Cat. p. 72. Mano dobi fructus piſonis Muſ. Swammerd. p. 15. An Terfez. Ogilb. Africa, p. 22 I found this planted, from Guinea Seed, by Mr. Harriſon, in his Garden in Ligwanee. siswi bocor The Fruit, which are call'd by Seamen Earth-Nuts, are brought from Guinea in the Negroes Ships, to feed the Negroes withal in their Voyage from Guinea to Jamaica. voor dans dag They are windy and Venereal. Pifo. bota se vor If eaten much they cauſe the Head-ach. Marcgr. An Oil is drawn out of them by Expreſſion, as good as that of Almonds. If they are beaten and made into a Poulteſs, they take away the pain of Serpents bites. Du Tertre. This is the Nut Clufius ſpeaks of, wherewith the Portugueſe Victual their Slaves to be carried from St. Thome to Lisbon. XXIII. Hedyſarum triphyllum fruticoſum, flore purpureo, hliqua varie diſtorta. Cat. p. 73. Tab. 116. Fig. 9. obno Soms voor This The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 1 85 This riſes by a woody, brown coloured Stem, having ſeveral green, rough Branches, to four Foot high The Leaves come out on every ſide, without any order, having two Appendices at parting from the Stalk ſomething like a lotus, three always together on the fame Inch and an half long Foot- Stalk, the upper one being longer, and having an Inch long foot-Stalk pro- per to its felf, or being plac'd an Inch further than the two under ones, which are rounder, and oppoſite to one another. They are all thin, ſmooth a- bove, of a dark green colour, and rough underneath. The tops are long Spikes of Flowers thinly plac'd on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, papilio- naceous, of a pale purple colour. After theſe follow ſeveral Pods, flender, rough, jointed, and variouſly turn'd and diſtorted, It grows in a Gully towards the Angels beyond the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and in the Paths among the Sugar-Caneš in ſeveral places of this Ifland. XXIV. Hedyfarum triphyllum fruticofum minus. Cat. p. 73. Tab. 118. Fig 1. This had a very ſtrong Root and Stem, from whence went ſeveral Branches about three Inches long, having here and there alternatively Leaves very like the former, three always together on the ſame half an Inch long com- mon Petiolus, each whereof were about half an Inch long, ſmooth, of a yellowiſh green colour, and of an Oval ſhape. Ex alis foliorum riſe Foot-Stalks, about three Inches long, fuſtaining fome papylionaceous Flowers, and I gueſs Seeds in Pods, as the former, although I never ſaw them, and there- fore cannot poſitively aſſert that it belongs to this place. I found it in famaica, but do not remember where, neither can I give a more particular account of it. XXV. Hedyſarum tripbyllum fruticoſum Lupinum, flore purpureo. Cat. p. 73. Tab. 119. Fig. 2. Onobrychis Americana floribus ſpicatis foliis ternis caneſcen- tibus filiculis aſperis Plukenet. Alm. p.278. 'Phyt. Tab. 308. Fig. 5. This has a long, ſmall , woody Root, ſending forth ſeveral Foot long Branches, lying along the ground, whoſe Stalks are reddiſh, rough, round, and woody, having at unequal diſtances, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, their Leaves, which are always three together, whereof that in the middle is the longeſt, and all are green above, and more pale beneath. The tops of the Branches are Spikes of purple, papylionaceous Flowers, to which follows geniculated, crooked Pods, forming a Semicircle, of a brown co- lour, cach joint of which is faſtned to that next it, by a very ſmall Iſthmus, whereby its adheſion to it is ſo eaſie, that by its roughneſs ſticking to any Garment, they leave one another, whence the Portugueſe Name Erva ďAmor, Every joint contains one pale yellow Seed. It grows every where in the Woods, eſpecially in thoſe of the Savannas. The Root is hot, and a Decoction of it in fair water, or other Vehicle, is one of the beſt Remedies againſt a cold Flux of the Belly. The fume or fimoak of the Leaves received with a covered Head, cures the Head-ach which comes from Cold and Catarrhs. Piſo. XXVI. Hedyſarum minus diphyllum, flore luteo. Cat. p. 73. This Plant, from a ſmall woody Root, puts out ſeveral three or four Inches long Branches, trailing, or lying on the ſurface of the ground, having feveral Leaves, two always ſtanding on the fame Foot-Stalk, of a yellowiſh green colour, and a little hirſure. The Flowers are yellow, and papyliona- The Pods are a little crooked, hirſute , or rough like a half B bb Moon ceous. 186 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. so Moon. Each Seed or Pea being inclos'd in a Semicircular joint, every one of which is parted from the other by a ſmall Neck or Ijthmus. It grows very copiouſly in the ſandy and dry places of the Savanna, near the Town of St Jago de la Vega, after rainy Seaſons. An Apozem is made of this for cold Fevers. H. M. XXVII. Hedyſarum caule hirfuto, mimoſ& foliis alatis, pinnis acutis minimis gramineis. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 118. Fig.3. An ſecuridaca clypeata flore luteo lentis folio Zeylanica. Bregn. pr. 1. p. 46? Vel an Mimoſa ſiliquis latis hirſutis articu- latis. Herm. par. Bat. Cat. p. 10? An Onobrychis Brifnagarica mimole foliis, ſiliquis ad unum folummodo latus dentatis ex alis polyceratos. Pluk. Alm. p. 270. Phyt. Tab. 49. Fig.5 ? The Branches of this Plant were about a Foot long, roundiſh, filled with a fungous Pith, ſet very thick on the outſides, with very large and fierce Hairs, or ſmall prickles, of a white colour, as were alſo the Twigs, whoſe ends were ſet with alated Leaves, whoſe Pinna were very ſmall, ſharp, or pointed at the end, graſſie or ftriated like graſs Leaves, and numerous. The Flowers came out of a hairy, or echinated ſmall Leaf, tanquam ex utri- culo, being many ſtanding on the ends of branched Foot-Stalks alterna- tively, and after them follows articulated Pods, like to thoſe of the prece- dent. I found it in the inland parts of the Illand, but where particually I do not remember. 102 XXVIII. Quadrifolium erectum flore lateo. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 116. Fig: 3. This riſes to about a Foot high, being erect, branched, and having Twigs ſet thick with Leaves alternatively, on a three quarters of an Inch long Foot- Stalk, there being conſtantly, as far as I could obſerve, four on the fame Foot-Stalk. Each of them are ſmall, and have a ſmall ſnip or defect on their further ends, where they are largeſt, being of a yellowiſh green colour, and ſmooth, having one middle Rib, eminent on the backſide. Ex alis foliorum towards the top comes a yellow pápylionaceous Flower, as in others of this Kind. It grew in the Savanna near Two Mile Wood, and ſeveral other claiy parts of the Savannas. XXIX. Loto pentaphyllo ſiliquoſo villoſo fimilis, Anonis non Spinoſa, foliis ciſti inſtar glutinoſis & odoratis. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 119. Fig. I. An Anonis viſcoſa Spinis carens lutea major nonnihil procumbens, medio tantum folio per extremum ferrato, pedienlis florum indiviſis . Pluk. Mantiſ. p. 15? This has a great many wooddy Branches from the ſame Root, riſing to about two Foot high. The Stalks are round, ſhrubby, gray, and branch'd out into many Twigs, which are green and hoary, having without any order ſeveral Foot-Stalks half an Inch long, ſuſtaining three Leaves, each ſmaller and longer than thoſe of the trifolium hemorrhoidale, and being purple on the edges, and having purple ſpots on their backs, and a down of the ſame colour. The Flowers are on the tops of the Twigs, ſeveral opening fuc- ceſſively one after another, being yellow. After theſe follows a thining brown, ſingle Seed, with a point on one ſide, and defect on the other, incloſed in a Husk or Pod; which is very ſhort, thin ſhap'd like a Scymiter, having feveral appearing Lines or Nerves on it, in each of which lies only one ſingle Seed. The whole Plant is clammy, and ſmells like the ordinary Ciſtus's. It grows in claiy or gravelly parts of the Town Savanna, and elſewhere in Jamaica. The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 187 In qualities it agrees with thoſe of this Tribe that are in Europe. The vertues of the Root being heating, of ſubtle parts, and fit to cleanſe the Bladder. Piſo. XXX. Anonis non fpinoſa minor, glabra, procumbens, flore luteo. Cat. p. 75. Tab. 119. Fig. 2. This has a long, deep, round, brown, tough Root, from whence ſpring many round, Foor long Stalks, hairy, branch'd into others lying round on the ſurface of the Earth, being very thick ſet with Leaves, three always to- gether on the eighth part of an Inch long, or very ſhort, Foot-Stalk, each being ſmooth, and having many white Veins appearing on its under ſurface. Towards the top come the Flowers, they are papylionaceous, of an Orange colour, with a little purple in their middle. Afterwards follows a very ſmall , rough, ſhort Pod or Husk, incloſing one reddiſh Seed or Pea. grew near the River-ſide in a Field below the Town, and near the warering place by the River very plentifully. It SUP ein aldas CHA P. IX Of Herbs whoſe Flowers are compos’d of two or three Petala or Leaves. HAT are chiefly remarkable in this Tribe, are fome of the following Viſcum's, which are a new kind of Paraſitical Plants, differing from all thoſe of Europe. Their way of growth, Flower, and Seed, are very par- ticular, and extraordinary, and may be taken notice of in their Deſcriptions. Arna overo ana Vareca di Padre Matteo, ſeems to be one of theſe Viſcums deſcribed and figured by Zan. p. 29. w 1. Stellaria agnatica. Park. Cat. p. 75. It grows in moſt Rivers of this Iſland. 11. Planta innominata prima Marcgr. p. 8. Cat. p. 75. Ephemerum Braſilia num ramoſum procumbens bipetalon foliis mollioribus. Herm. par. Bat. p. 145. Pha- langium Africanum helleborines folio non deſcriptum. Hort. Lugd. Bat. Raii. Hift. Dipetalos Braſiliana foliis Gentiane aut plantaginis. Raii Hiſt. p. 1332. Ephea meram Africanum annuum flore bipetalo Herm. Cat. p. 231. This fort of Phalangium is very common in all the moiſt places of this Iſland, as well as Barbados. III. Plantago aquatica. Fuchſ. Cat. p. 75. Ranunculus paluſtris plantaginis fo- lio ampliore. Tournef . El.p. 241. Inft. p.292. It grows near Black River Bridge, going to Old Harbour, and in ſeveral other places of this Iſland. This is thought to have the fame qualities with Land Plantain, the Seed to be adſtringent, and the Leaves good againſt Burns, and to be applied to Hydropick Legs. Ger. The juice applied to Breaſts is a great ſecret in clearing them of Milk Roeſlin. J.B. IV. Sagitta 188 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. IV. Sagitta. Caft. Dur. Cat. p. 76. Ranunculus paluſtris, folio fagittato maximo, Tournef. El.p. 241. Inft. p. 292. This Plant agrees exactly with John Bauhin’s Deſcription, and ſeems to be the ſame Plant in every thing with that of Europe. It grows in ſtanding waters. It is counted to have the vertues of Plantain , being thought Cold, Dry, and Adftringent. I have ſeen this ſent from the Eaſt-Indies, under the name of Coolette Tella, gathered near Fort St. George, where the Natives uſe the Root brui- ſed to cure their fore Feet, which they often have in wet weather, going bare Foot. V. Plantaginis aquatice folio Anomala, flore tripetalo purpureo femine pulve- rulento. Cat. p. 79. This had ſeveral pretty large white Roots, two or three Inches long, which united ſend up ſeveral Leaves, four or five Inches long, green, fucculent, ribd like Plantain Leaves, an Inch and three quarters broad near the middle where broadeſt. In the center of theſe Leaves riſes a purple jointed Stalk, a Foot and an half high, having a Spike of purple, or Carnation Flowers three Inches long, and at top three purple Petala, under which is a little ſwelling, which augmenting turns to a duſt, and ſcatters with the wind out of a brown membranaceous Husk. It grew in the Roads to Mountain River beyond Colonel Cope's Plantation in Guanaboa. VI. Viſcum Caryophylloides maximum flore tripetalo pallide luteo femine fila- mentoſo. Cat. p.76. Philoſophical Tranſactions. Number 251. p. 114. Wild Pine. A great many brown fibrils encompaſs the Arms, or take firm hold of the Bark of the Trunc of the Trees where they grow, not as Miſlero, entering the Bark or Wood to fuck Nouriſhment, but only weaving and matting themſelves among one another, and thereby making to the Plant a firm and ſtrong Foundation, from whence riſe ſeveral Leaves on every ſide, after the manner of Leeks or Ananas, whence the Name of Wild-Pine, or Aloes, be- ing foulded or incloſed one within another, each of which is three Foot and an half long, from a three Inch breadth at beginning or Baſe, ending in a point, having a very hollow or concave inward ſide, and a round or con- vex outward one, ſo that by all of their hollow ſides is made within a very large Reſervatory Ciſtern or Bafon, fit to contain a pretty deal of wa- ter, which in the rainy Seaſon falls upon the uppermoſt parts of the ſpread- ing Leaves, which have channels in them conveying it down to the Ciſtern, where it is kept as in a Bottle. The Leaves after they are ſwelld out like a bulbous Root, to make the Bottle bending inwards, or coming again cloſe to the Stalk, by that means hindering the evaporation of the water by the heat of the Sun. They are of a light green colour below, and like Leeks above. From the midſt of theſe riſes a round, ſmooth, ſtraight, freſh, green "coloured, three or four Foot long Stalk, having many Branches, when wounded yielding a clear white mucilaginous Gum. The Flowers come out here and there on the Branches. They are made up of three long, yel- lowiſh, white, herbaceous Petala, and ſome purple ended Stamina, ſtanding in a long Calyx or Tabulus, made up of three green viſcid Leaves, with purple edges. After theſe follows a long triangular Capſula, greeniſh brown, being ſomewhat like thoſe of the Cariophyilli, having under it three ſhort cap- fular Leaves, and within ſeveral long pappous Seeds. The Seed it ſelf be- ing oblong-pyramidal, and very ſmall , having very ſoft, downy hairs, or Down, The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 189 Down, or Tomentum, much longer in proportion to the Seed, then any To- mentum I know, being as long as the Pod or Capſula. It grows on the Arms of the Trees in the Woods every where, as alſo on the Barks of their Truncs, eſpecially when they begin to decay, their Barks, receiving the Seed, and yielding then eaſily to the fibrils of this Plant's Roots, which in ſome time diſiolves them, and ruins the whole Trunc. The contrivance of Nature, in this Vegetable is very admirable and ſtrange. The Seed has long, and many threads of Tomentum, not only that it may be carried every where by the wind, as papoſe and tomentoſe Seeds of Hieracium, lyfimachia, &c. but alſo that it may by thoſe threads, when driven through the Boughs, be held faſt, and ſtick to the Arms and extant parts of the Barks of Trees. So ſoon as it ſprouts, or germinates, althougli it be on the under part of a Bough, or the Trunc of the Tree, its Leaves and Stalk riſes perpendicular, or ſtraight up, becauſe, if it had any other poſition, the Ciſtern (beforementioned, by which it is chiefly nouriſhed, not having any communication with the Tree) made of the hollow Leaves, could not hold water, which is neceſſary for the Nouriſhment and Life of the Plant. In the Mountainous, as well as dry low Woods, in ſcarcity of water. This Reſervatory is neceſſary and ſufficient, not only for the Plant its ſelf, but likewiſe is very uſeful to Men, Birds, and all ſorts of Inſects, whither in ſcarcity of water they come in Troops, and ſeldom go away without Re- freſhment. For the further account of this plant and its Figure, as alſo con- cerning European Plants, ſomewhat analogous to it in ſome particulars, See the Philoſophical Tranſactions. Numb. 251. Beſides the Authors mentioned in my Catalogue of Famaica Plants, p.76. to take notice of this Plant, I find Huldrich Schmidel, cap. 46. p. 77. of his Navig. Printed 1599. 4to. to have the following paſſage, which I believe re- lates to this Herb. Ex noſtris autem hominibus multi ſiti moriebantur, licet ad hoc iter apud iftos Carchconos mediocri aqua copia nos inſtruxeramus. Inveniebamus autem in hoc iti- nere, radicem ſupra terram extantem, magna lataque folia habentem, in quibus aqua tanquam in vafe aliquo manet, nec inde effunditur, nec etiam tam facile conſumitur, capitque una harum radicum aquæ circiter dimidiam menfuram. And Capt. Dampier, in his Voyage, Vol.2d. of Campeche, p. 56. ſays thus. The Wild Pine is a Plant, ſo called, becauſe it ſomewhat reſembles the Buſh that bears the Pine: they are commonly ſupported, or grow from ſome Bunch, Knot, or Excreſcence of the Tree, where they take root and grow upright. The Root is ſhort and thick, from whence the Leaves riſe up in Folds, one within another, fpreading off at the top: They are of a good thick Subſtance, and about Ten or Twelve Inches long, the outſide Leaves are ſo compact, as to contain the Rain Water as it falls, they will hold a pint and a half, or a quart: and this Water refreſhes the Leaves, and nouriſhes the Root. When we find theſe Pines, we ſtick our Knives into the Leaves, juſt above the Roots, and that lets out the Water, which we Catch in our Hats, as I have done many times to my great Relief. VII. Viſcum Cariophylloides maximum, capitulis in fummitate conglomeratis. Cat. p. 77. Tab. 1 20. This has a great many long, dark, brown, ſmall filaments, threads, or fibrils, which take faſt hold of the Barks of Trees, to which it adheres, when all united making an oblong Root, and ſending forth round about many Leaves, like thoſe of white Lily, incloſing one another after the manner of Aloes, eacli of which is a Foot long, an Inch and an half broad, blunt or roundiſh. They are at the ends of a very dark green, and ſometimes purple colour. Сcc From 190 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. From the middle of theſe Leaves riſes a Stalk, about a Foot and an half high, on which, round about, are ſet ſeveral Leaves, ſmaller than thoſe at bottom, on the top of which ſtand many pale, green, broad Leaves, having a glewy mucilage between them, and a great many reddiſh Leaves, making as it were a Calyx, and looking in all ſomething like a Roſe, in which are con- tained ſeveral Heads conglomerated, having Seed-Veſſels, and Seed as the former. It grows on old great Trees in the large Woods, in Sixteen Mile-Walk- Path, and ſometimes on the ground when fallen. VIII Viſcum Caryophylloides majus, flore tripet alo cæruleo, ſemine filamentoſo. Cat. p. 77 This by a great many ſmall fibrils, wrapt together, catches hold, and ſurrounds the Branch of any Tree it grows on, for three Inches round. From thence riſes a Srem, about which grow ſeveral Leaves, an Inch broad at their beginning, hollow or concave in the inſide, and convex on the other, ſwelld out, or prominent below, making a cavity able to hold a pretty deal of Rain water. The other, or upper part of the Leaf is narrow and graſſie, ſomething like thoſe of Pinks, about nine or ten Inches long, bow'd back- wards, and reflected, and ſo hanging down, of a whitiſh green colour, In every thing like the Leaves of the Wild-Pine in their contrivance. The Stalk is a Foot and an half high, jointed, at every Inches diſtance or joint, having a graſſie Leaf, incloſing the Stalk at the joint. Near the top on each ſide, ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, which have three Petala, are blue with a few yellow Stamina, ſcarce appearing out of a green hollow Leaf. After which follow pappous Seeds, being ſmall, oblong and brown, having many long, downy filaments, hanging from them, and all being incloſed in a firſt green, then brown triangular Capſula, ſupported by the aforeſaid Leaf. It grows every where in the Woods on the Branches of Trees, drawing its Nouriſhment from Rain-water, falling into a Cavity made by its own Leaves. IX. Viſcum Caryophylloides minus, foliis pruine inftar candicantibus, flore tripetalo purpureo femine filamentoſo. Cat. p. 77. Tab. 121. Fig. 1. This Plant has ſeveral ſmall fibers, warped, interwoven, or marred one within another, and wrapped about the Arms and Branches of Trees, from which, though fometimes it be on the under ſide of the Bough, riſe ſtraight up ſeveral Leaves, the under parts whereof incloſe one another like Bulbs, making in their inward concave fides a cavity to hold Rain, thereby to nouriſh themſelves and Stalks. The Leaves are long, narrow, graſlie, exactly of the ſhape, make and contrivance with thoſe of the Wild-Pine, ſomething like the Leaves of a Gillyflower, only all cover'd over with a ſhort, white ſhining Down, making the Leaves always look as if they were cover'd with a hoar Froſt. In the middle of theſe riſes a naked hoary, three Inches long Stalk, on the top of which ſtands a họary half Inch long Calyx, on the end of which are three ſmall, purple Petala, and afterwards follows a Seed-Veſſel, exactly the ſame in every thing with that of the Wild-Pine, only in every part ſmaller. It grows every where on the Branches and Arms of Trees in this Iſland: X. Viſcum Caryophylloides minus, foliorum imis viridibus, apicibus fubrubicun- dis, flore tripetalo purpureo ſemine filamentoſo . Cat. p. 77. Tab. 122. Fig. 1. This The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 191 This is in every thing the ſame with the former, only larger and longer. The Leaves are very like thoſe of Pinks in ſhape, their under parts are green, and tops reddiſh. It is to be found on the Boughs and Trees on the Red Hills on Guanaboa Road, and near Mr. Barnes's Houſe there. XI. Viſcum Caryophylloides tenuiffimum, è ramulis arborum muſci in modum de pendens, foliis pruine inftar candicantibus, flore tripetalo, femine filamentoof. Cat. p. 77. Tab. 122. Fig. 2, 3. The Stalk of this moſſie Plant is about the bigneſs of a thread, conſiſting of a thin Skin, whitiſh, as if covered with a hoar Froſt, having within that a long, tough, black Hair, like a Horſe Hair. Theſe Stalks (many of them being uſually together) ſtick on any Branch ſuperficially by the mid- dle, and ſend down on each ſide ſome of the ſame Hairs or Srems, very often a yard long, hanging down on both ſides from the Branches of the Trees they adhere to, being curled, or turning and winding one within ano- ther, and making the ſhew of an old Man's Beard (whence the name) or as if they were made to climb, which I never ſaw they did. Theſe Stalks are branch’d, and the Branches which are two or three Inches long, are ſet with two or three Inches long, roundiſh, white Leaves, covered over as it were with a hoar Froſt. The Flowers come at the ends of theſe Branches, have three Petala, and a Seed, with Seed-Veſſel, &c. like the others of this Kind. It grows on the Branches of the Ebonies, or other Trees in the Savanna's frequently, and looks very oddly. It is us'd to pack up any thing in, which otherways may eaſily be broken, as Cotton is ſometimes made uſe of with us. The inward ſtrong black Hairs of this Moſſes Stalks, are made uſe of by the Birds called Watchipickets, for making their curiouſly contriv'd Neſts, hanging on the Twigs of Trees. This, by lying in the Air and Weather, or being by other means cleared of its outward Skins, has another appearance, whence Dr. Plukenet calls it Cuſcuta Americana ſuper arbores ſe diffundens; Cuſcuta trichodes lendiginofa, &c. as I have obſery'd, p. 221. of my Catalogue. XII. Ananas, Chriſt. Acoft. Cat. p. 77. Fan-polo-mie Sex Ananas fru&tus. Boym. lit. G. Thevenot. p. 21. Pine-Apples of Dampier. This Fruit is planted and us’d by way of deſert, (having a very fine flavour and taſt) all over the hor Weſt Indies, either raw, or when not yet ripe, candied, and is accounted the moſt delicious Fruit theſe places, or the World affords, having the flavour of Rasberries, Strawberries, &c. but they ſeem to me not to be ſo extremely pleaſant, but too lower, ſet- ting the Teeth on edge very ſpeedily. The Fruit ripened by the Sun is leſs eſteem'd than that ripend in a Chamber. Piſo. It is clear'd of its outward Skin when ripe, and cut into ſlices, and ſo ea- ten, the middle fibrous or woody part being thrown away. It is known when ripe by the colour of the tuft of Leaves at top, which then turn yellow, and will eaſily come off with the leaſt pulling. This Tuft, as well as young Sprouts or Succors from the old ones fides, are planted in any hot Soil, and ſeldom miſs to proſper. The ſlices are ſoak’d in Canary to take off the ſharpneſs which com- monly otherways inflames the Throat, and then they are eaten if the Wine in which they are foak'd be drank ir inflames the Throat likewiſe, Piſo. But I never found this which Piſo ſpeaks of. IC 192 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 1 It is a great Cordial to fainting ſpirits, and helps a ſqueamiſh Stomach. Its Juice and Wine is good for the ſuppreſſion of Urin, and Fits of the Stone, as alſo againſt Poyfons, eſpecially Caſada. The ſame is done by the Root when the Fruit is wanting. The diſtillid Liquor, by Fire from the Fruit, is yet more effectual if it be given in a ſmall quantity, for if too much be given it is hurtful to the urinary paſſages . It is fo injurious and corroding that it not only hurts the Tongue and Pallar, but leaves marks on the Knife thar cuts it, eſpecially if the Fruit be not ripe. And then 'tis as prejudi- cial as Caramata to Women with Child. It is hurtful to people in Fevers, to the wounded or ulcered, it is ſo hot as to be very injurious to them, therefore I wonder Monardes ſhould reckon it cold and moiſt . Chriſtopher Acofta ſaying better, that 'tis hot and moiſt; and begets inflammations if it be much uſed. Pilo. The juice is mix'd with water, and given to the fick as we give Mead. Marcgr. It corrodes a Knife in a night, if it ſticks in it. Xim. Acoft. Piſo ſays that the old Inhabitants of Braſle told him that this was firſt car- ried thence to Peru, and the Eaſt-Indies, and Linſchotten, that they came to the Eaſt from the Weſt-Indies. The juice takes ſpots out of Cloaths Piſo. It is cold and dry, it is given to thoſe in Fevers to cool, and excite Ap- petite, though apt to turn to Choler. Allice held on the Tongue quenches thirſt, and moiſtens the Tongue. Hernand. Monardes was very much out when he deſcribes this to have Seeds to be ſpit out when 'tis eaten. The Braſilians uſe it in their ſickneſſes. Thevet. It had its name from its likeneſs to a Pine-Apple, one was carried on its Plant to Charles V. but not lik’d. It is preſerv'd in New-Spain. They are beſt on the Iſles Acofta. It is crowned to ſhow its excellency, and that Crown planted gives a better Fruit than the Succors. It makes the Gums bleed. Its Wine is good, ir ſpoils after three Weeks, but recovers again, both it and the Fruit cauſe Abortion. Tertre. It is Cordial, and Stomachic, and is good in Gravel and Poiſons. The diſtilld water is good, but care muſt be had to Correct its Acrimony. Roch. The Juice with Hony makes a drink in Braſile. Moriſot. The Leaves boild in Rice-water, mixt with baleari Powder, and drank Purges Hydropick Bellies. The unripe Fruit given with Vinegar expels the Child out of the Uterus, and eaten Corrects the ſwelling of the Belly from Wind. Hort. Mal. This Plant went from the Weſt to the Eaſt-Indies, where the Fruit is larger, and Leaves narrower. Large and ripe Fruit was in Amſterdam Garden for five years paſt. Comm. ib. ogba The Conſerve of this Fruit does not preſerve its natural taſte. Boym, We vondt Domolo o udogit nod Worldwoordoa yli ne vole ml logoa inai mobile to mi bo CHAP. sodio eliwo liluomo od bStrollo diwa bi zid bilo The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 193 CHAP: X Of Herbs whoſe Flowers are compos’d of four Perala or Leaves. L 1. Eucoium luteum, five Keiri minimum polygala facie. Cat. p. 79. Tab. 123. Fig. I. This has a grear Root in reſpect of the Plant, being more than an Inch long, woody, of a white brown colour, and firmly fix’d in the ground. From hence ſpring two or three Stalks, two or three Inches long, having ſeveral Leaves exactly like thoſe of Polygala vulgaris. The Flowers are at top of the Branches, yellow, and tetrapetalous, after which follows a ſmall Pod. It grows in the claiy grounds in the Town Savannas. This does not agree with the Title of Polygala 8. flos Ambervalis Viginians floribus luteis in caput oblongum congeftis Baniſteri. Pluk. Alm. p.30r. which Plant Dr. Plukenet thinks p. 153. Mani. may be the fame with this, II. Sinapi foliis fubrotundis, ſerratis, femine rufo. Cat. p 79. Tab. 123. Fig. 2? Muſtard. This has a white large Root with many fibers. The Leaves at bota tom round the top of the Root on the ſurface of the ground, are ala moſt round at their end. They are fix Inches long, narrow at their begin- ning, and growing broader towards their top, where they are round, and three Inches in diameter, very much ferrated, and of a yellowiſh green colour. The Stalk is round, green, four or five Foot high, having ſome Leaves plac'd on it without any order, longer, fmaller, and not fo round as thofe at bottom. The Stalk has towards its top feveral Branches, beſet with yellow tetrapetalous Flowers, having Stamina of the fame colour, and in the Center a green Stylus. After which comes an Inch long Pod, ſwelled or protuberant on the outſide over every Seed, round and containing two rows of ſmall, round, fmooth, reddith Seeds, with a thin membrane be- tween. It grows frequently in the cultivated places of this Hand. The Seeds , if prepared as our European Muſtard-Seeds, make as good a Sawce. III. Naſturtium aquaticum vulgare. Park. Cat. p. 79. This is very common in all not too rapid Rivers, chiefly near Springs, from whence they are brought down, and thrive in moſt Rivers of this. Iſland. This grows much larger than ordinary on the Laguna in the Caymanes, whence it is in great quantities carried to Port-Royal Market; but it ſeems to be no different Kind, but only a variety, and this variety in largeneſs, in deeper waters, is taken notice of by Lobel in his Adverfaria. It is very good againſt the Scurvy or Chronical Diſeaſes, it is Diuretick, and very opening, being made uſe of for many days together, in Sallads or Broaths, eſpecially the firſt. The Seed breaks the Stone, and forces the Catamania. Dorſt. Te is not to be uſed by Women with Child, if the Child be not dead. Lon. If Boiled in Milk or Wine, and fo uſed, it cüres the Scurvy. Ded. It is very Diuretick even outwardly applied. Caſalp. D dd Lecana 194 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Lacuna makes two kinds of it differing in bigneſs, ſaying the laſt was hurtful, ſometimes killing. IV. Sinapiftrum Ægyptium heptapóyllum, flore carneo, majus ſpinofum. Herm Cat. Plant. Fam. p. 80. Papaver corniculatum acre quinquefolium Americanum flore carneo majus ſpinofum. Pluken. Alm. p. 280. The Root of this Plant is deep, large, white, and firmly fix'd in the ground, by ſeveral ſmaller, going from the ſides of the greater Root. The Stalk is very ſtrong, round, hairy, green, riſing to about four or five Foot high, ſpreading Branches on every fide, having on their lower parts fin- ger'd Leaves, ſtanding on long Foot-Stalks, exactly reſembling thoſe of Lupins, or the Pentaphyllum Mliquofum. Profp. Alp. only each Finger is longer, narrower, hairy, and the whole Leaf, for the moſt part, ſeven pointed. At the Branches, and Leaves beginnings are uſually two ſhort, green, ſtrong, ſtraight Prickles. The Flowers come out on every ſide of the Branches tops. They are cach made up of four long Petala, the firſt part of which is narrow, and towards the end broad, being ſhap'd like a Spoon, only not hollow, of a white colour, inclining to purple. In the middle of theſe Petala comes a great many long, purple Stamina. The Pods are fmall, round, and of a pale green colour, inclofing a great many very ſmall, brown Seeds. The whole Plant is ſomewhat viſcid, and has in every part of it a very grateful ſtrong ſmell. It grows every where in the Streets of the Town of St. Fago de la Vega. abo OD SVOU V. Sinapiſtrum Indicum pentaphyllum flore carneo minus, non ſpinofum. Heron. Cat. Plant. Fam p. 80. Papaver corniculatum acre quinquefolium Ægyptiacuza SO DE 2014 minus flore carneo non Spinofum. Plak. Alm. p. 280. ga This is commonly to be found near the Town of Paſſage-Fort, and other places as well of Famaica, as the Caribes, and in Egypt. Boild in Oilit remedies cutaneous Diſeaſes, eſpecially the Leprofie. The whole Plant beat with Juice of Raca-palam, and anointed cures Puſtles. The Juice is ſnuff d up to hinder Poyſon from reaching the Head. The fame does the Plant boild in water and drank. The Leaves provoke Apa petite, are expectorating and comforting, diſſipate Phlegm and Wind. The Root and all beat and applied in Balls under the Arms, cures or diminiſhes cold Ague Fits. The Juice with Oil helps Deafneſs dropt into the Ear. The Leaves beaten and applied to the Head cures its aching from cold. H. M. VI. Sinapiftrum Indicum triphyllum flore carneo non fpinofum. Cat. p. 8o. Tab. 124. Fig. 1. Papaver cornicalatum acre triphyllon Indicum floribus luteis viſco- fum Ramaniſſa Cochinenſibus dictum. Plukenet. Alm. p. 280. An Aria-Véela. Hort. Malab. part. 9. P. 41. Tab. 23? Trifolium Spicatum aliud Hernandes, p.2857 Vel Memeya de Tepoztlan Ejuſd. p.3842 This has a four or five Inches long Root, ſmall and white, with lateral Fibers, drawing its Nouriſhment. The Stalk is round, green, upright, two Foot long, without any Branches, but having Leaves thinly plac'd thereon, without any order, ſtanding three always together on the ſame common Inch long Foot-Stalks. The uppermoſt of them is the largeſt, being an Inch and an half long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where broadeſt, and ſmooth. The top of the Stalk, is a Spike of terrapetalous Flowers, each of the Petala being white, and ſtanding round ſeveral long purple Stamina, in- cloſing a Stylus of the ſame length and colour, though of a different bigneſs, juſt like the others of this Kind, and after them follows a three Inches long Pod, The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 195 Pod, ſmall, round, green, and ending in a point exactly like the Pods of the aforeſaid Plants. This grew on the Banks of the Rio-Cobre below the Town juſt by the water-ſide, on the other ſide of the River, and on a Gullies fide near Colo- nel Cope's Stables, in his Plantation by Guanaboa. VII. Iberis humilior annua Virginiana ramoſor. Moriſ. Cat. p. 80. Tab. 123. Fig. 3. An Mexixquilitl ſem nafturtium iberiſve Indica. Nieremb. p. 3162 Thlafpi Virginianum foliis iberidis amplioribus da ſerratis. Tournef. El. p. 182. Inft. p. 213. Pepper-Grafs. This has a white Inch long ſingle Root, with fibers from it, drawing its Nouriſhment. The firſt Leaves are ſpread round on the ſurface of the Earth, being about an Inch long, half of which is Foot-Stalk, and reddiſh, with three or four deep Lacinia or jags. At its beginning, towards the end of the Foot-Stalk, being Oval, half an Inch broad, indented about the edges, ſmooth, and of a dark green colour. The Stalk is round, whitiſh green, riſing to a Foot and an half high, having longer, narrower, and deeplier jagged Leaves ſer thick about it without any order, the Branches alſo come out frequently on all hands, round which ſtand many Flowers, on the eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being very ſmall, white, and tetrapetalous, with green Stamina in the middle. After theſe follows a ſhort Pod, round, with a notch at the further end, containing one oblong, reddiſh Seed in each Arch or Cell of the Pod. It grows in all the Caribe Iſlands, and in this Iſland in moſt of the inland places The firſt Leaves being of a pleaſing biting taſt, ſupply the place of all the Creſſes in Sallering. VIII Eruca duodecima, hve maritima Italica hliqua haft e Caſpidi fimili. CB. Cat. p. 81. Crambe maritima foliis eruca, capſula cuſpidata. Tournef. El.p. 180. Crambe maritima foliis eruca anguſtioribus fructu haſtiformi. Ejuſd. Inft.p.212. An eadem foliis latioribus. Ej. ib: I could not obſerve any difference between this Flant here, and that growing on the Mediterranean, if not in the colour of the Flower, which is white, but I look on that as only a variety. It grew on Houſe Cayos, a ſmall Iſland off of Port-Royal . Four Ounces of the diſtilled water, taken warm in the morning, helps Colick and Nephritick pains. Lugd. Mycon. It Purges powerfully, but the Roots are uſeleſs. Ang. IX. Veronica fruticoſa erecta dulcis, hexangulari caule, flore dilute cæruleo. Cat. p. 81. Tab. 108. Fig. 2. Another fort of Wild-Liquorice, or Sweet- Weed. This has a ſtrong Root, divided into ſmaller, two or three Inches long, crooked Roots, with ſeveral fibrils to draw its Nouriſhment. The Stalk is woody, covered with a gray Bark, having ſeveral Hexangular, green Branches, about a Foot and an half high, beſet with Leaves towards their tops, three at a place, being without any Foot-Stalk, three quaters of an Inch long, and half an Inch broad near the end, where broadeſt, ſerrated about the edges, and of a graſs green colour. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, ſtanding on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are te- crapetalous, whitiſh, with many Stamina, ſtanding round on all hands within them, to which follows a roundiſh Capſula, or Head of two Leaves, light brown, membranaceous, no bigger than a great Pins head, containing very many, ſcarcely perceivable, ſmall, brown Seeds, ſtanding round a fungous fubſtance 196 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. ſubſtance of the ſame colour. The Leaves of this Plant have a ſweet talt like Liquorice, whence the name. It grows near a Wood in the Town Savanna, towards two Mile Wood, by the River ſide going to the Ferry, and in ſeveral other places of this Iſland. Three Spoonfuls of the expreſſed Juice of the Leaves of this Plant given Evening and Morning for three days, is counted an infallible Remedy for any Cough. This, according to Piſo, is very emollient. A X. Veronica canle hexangulari, foliis fatureia ternis, ferraris. Cat. p. 81. Tab. 124. Fig. 2. great many white ſtrings meet from every ſide, to make up one ſtraight, oblong, woody Root, from whence ariſes an hexangular, woody, gray Stalk, ſpreading its ſelf into green Branches about one Foot high. The Leaves come our three at a joint, at about half an Inches diſtance. They are long, ſerrated, ſmall, and narrow, like thoſe of Savoury, only of a pale green colour. This Plant has on an eighth part of an Inches long foot- Stalk, a ſmall whitiſh gray, tetrapetalous Flower, after which follows in a brown Capſula, fome brown, angular Seeds. The Capſules ſtand round the Stalks ex alis foliorum on Foot-Stalks like to verticillated Flowers, each being made up of four membranes, they are not round as the former, but long, and pyramidal, and ſurrounded with four Leaves for its Calyx. The Deſcriptions and Figures of this, and the foregoing, ſeem to dif- fer, though Dr. Plukenet, p. 151. Mant. thinks them the fame. Perhaps they may only vary. net, P. 151. - It grows in the ſandy Savannas. XI. Papaver ſpinofum. C. B. Cat. p. 81. Argemone Mexicana. Tournef. El. p. 204. Inft. p. 239. This Plant agrees exactly to the deſcription given by Authors. It grows every where about the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, on the road thither from Paſſage Fort, and in all the Caribes very abundantly. The Leaves of this Plant boil'd promote ſleeping. A Thimble full of the Seeds are reckoned a very violent Purge. The Seed powdered and taken to the quantity of two Drams, purges all Humours, eſpecially Flegm from the Joints. The Milk, with a Womans Milk that bore a Female, drop into the Eyes, Cures their Inflammations. It is good againſt intermitting Fevers. The Flower applied Cures the Scab. The Taft is bitter, and it is hot and dry. Its diſtilld Water, with the tops of Mizquitl takes ſpots out of the Eyes, and ears Proud Fleſh, takes away pains of the Head, and helps other ſuch Diſeaſes. Hern. The Seed came from England, under the Title of Figo del inferno. Bauh. The prickly Head is long and round, fomewhat like a Fig, and whoſo. ever ſhould have one ſtick in his Throat, quickly goes to Heaven or Hell, from thence 'tis called Ficus Infernalis. Park. XII. Chelidonium majus arboreum foliis, quercinis. Cat. p. 82. Tab. 125. This Shrub riſeth to ten or twelve Foot high, having a ſtraight Trunc, as big as ones Arm, covered with a white, ſmooth Bark, being branch'd towards the top, the Branches ends, having a great many Leaves ſer round them without any order. They are of the ſhape of Oak Leaves, have an Inch long Foor-Stalks, are ſeven Inches long, and three broad at the blunt top where broadeſt, being narrow at the beginning, and having on their fides fome deep finuations, one great middle, and ſeveral tranſverſe Ribs, and being The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 197 being of a yellowiſh green colour on the upper ſide, and whitiſh underneath. The tops of the Twigs, beyond the Leaves, are a Foot long, and branched out into very large bunches of many Flowers each ſtanding on a ſhort Foot- Stalk, and being made up of two green Leaves or Lobes, within which are many Stamina of a yellow colour, and a Stylus which grows roundiih, big in the middle, and tapering to both extremes, and in its middle contains a ſmall, brown oblong Seed. All parts of this Plant yield on breaking a yellow juice, like that of Celandine. It grows in a Gully near Mr. Elletfon's Houſe in Liguanee, on the Road going to Collonel Bourden's Plantation from Guanaboa, and ſeveral other places. It is hot and dry in the fourth Degree, with ſome Adſtriction. The Twigs bark'd take off ſpots and marks from the Eyes. The juice conſumes Wind, cures Tetters as well as the Fruit, and eaſes pain from cold Cauſes. The Leaves cure old Sores, being applied to them. They take off Warts, eſpecially thoſe of the Præputium and Pudenda, which has been found by moſt certain Experiment. It is likewiſe called Quauhchilli, from being as ſharp as Indian Pepper, and was planted by the Indian Kings in their Gardens. Hernandez. XUI. Tithymalus dulcis parietarie foliis hirſutis, floribus ad caulium nodos cono glomeratis. Cat. p. 82. Titbymalus Americanus, bumi fuſus, ferratus, floribus in capitulum alis adhærens, congeftis . Plum. Tournef . Inft. p. 88. Tithymalus bo- tryoides minor Americanus foliis hirſutis. Pluken. Alm. p. 373. This from an oblong tough Root, fends out ſeveral ſmall, round, red Stalks hairy, and about a Foot long. The Leaves are ſet at the joints of the Stalks, they are ſometimes red, and ſometimes whitiſh green, almoſt like thoſe of Parietaria. Out of the joints come likewiſe the Flowers, towards the under part of the Stalk having a Foot-Stalk, but towards the top none. They are very ſmall, many being cloſe ſet together in the ſame Head, or con- glomerated, of a white or purpliſh colour, and after them follow tricoccous Seeds, as ſmall as thoſe of Chamaſyce. It grows every where in Jamaica, and other Iſlands. Its Vertues are thought many. Here 'tis very much commended in Claps as an Antivenereal Medicine, and by ſome it is given in the Belly-ach. Piſo ſays 'tis one of the beſt outward or inward Antidotes, and that be- ing freſh chaw'd, or beaten, applied to a Serpents biting, it not only takes away the pain, but draws out the Poyſon, and cures Wounds, and likewile, that if it be dry and powdered, and given in a convenient Liquor, to the quantity of a Pugil, it corroborates the Heart, and reſtores the ſtrength de- cayed by Poyſon. He farther ſays, that ſcarce any who is prudent go's into the Woods in Braſile without either this Herb or its Juice, which drank in a good Draught cures the Poyſon of Serpents. This is the greateſt Antidote againft Serpents biting, being bruiſed, and applied to the Wound: if it have reach'd the Heart, a little of the Powder cures being inwardly taken. One drop kills a ſmall Serpent. Tertre. A Bath is made of this againſt Serpents Poyſon. The Leaves with the Juice of the Bark Lana, levigated and anointed, Remedies Carbuncles and Phlegmons. H.M. Bo Xileg, ongnisreita yd usagers an XIV.Tithymalus erectus, acris parietarie foliis glabris, floribus ad caulium nodos conglomeratis . Cat. p. 82. Tab. 126. Tithymalus Americanus, erectus, ſerratus, floribus in capitulum longo pediculo infidens, congeftis . Plum. Tournef . Inſt. p. 88. Еее Chamaſyce 5 198 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. An Chamaſyce Americana major floribus glomeratis cynocrambes folio glabro. Breyn. pr. 2. p.312 This has ſeveral reddiſh, ſtringy, crooked Roots, which united ſend out one ſtrong red Stalk dividing its ſelf into ſeveral green, round Branches, riſing ten Inches high. The Leaves come out at the joints of the Branches, about half an Inch from one another, they are two and two, fer one againſt the other on very ſhort Foot-Stalks, are about an Inch long, and one third part of an Inch broad at round Baſe where broadeſt, and whence they de- creaſe, ending in a point, being cut ſnipt or indented about the edges, and ſmooth. Ex alis foliorum, come for the moſt part Inch long Foot-Stalks, fu- ſtaining many white, or purple, tetrapetalous very ſmall Flowers, ſet very cloſe together one by the other, or conglomerated, after which follow as many ſmall tricoccous Seeds, like the others of this Kind. Die Son The whole Plant is milky. 12 10 oso bad egin to It grows in laboured or cleared Grounds in the Plantations.com bril The Leaves, or any part of this Plant are poyſonous, if eaten by Hogs. The Milk of this Plant rubbed on Warts cures them. cana. XV. Peplis fruticofa, maritima, geniculata. Cat. p. 82. An fanamunda Afri- Park. p. 204 This ſmall leav'd Sea Spurge, had a four Inches long, red, wooddy Root, from which roſe ſeveral red Foot and an half high Stalks, ſtraight, and jointed at every quarter of an Inch, having at the joints Branches, and on them ſeveral Leaves, ſtanding fide ways oppoſite to one another, at the joints likewiſe. They are very ſmall , being not over one third part of an Inch long, and a quarter of an Inch broad, near the middle where broadeſt, fmooth, of a very pale green, or glaucous colour, ſtanding on very ſhort Foot. Stalks. On the tops of the Twigs comes out a very ſmall, terrapeta- lous, pale, or whitiſh yellow Flower, after which follows a ſmall tricoccous Seed, as in others of this Kind. The whole Plant is very milky. valsts It grew on Gun Cayos, near Port Royal. an ouderlo barbiomolg auto gloria en la cabo XVI. Chamafyce. C. B. Cat. p. 83. Tithymalus exiguus glaber nummulariæ folio, Tournefort. El. p. 74. Inft. p. 87. Tithymalus minimus ruber rotundifo- lius procumbens. Bob. Hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 340. I could not obſerve any difference between the Chamaſyce growing about Montpelier, and here in Famaica, and therefore I reckon them the ſame Plant, and if there be any difference, 'tis, that in Jamaica it is larger than in Europe. grows in dry ſandy places, about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, very plentifully. It takes off all Warts, they being rub'd with it. Boild with Victuals or Sallet, it looſens the Belly: the juice does the ſame. It is good for taking off ſpots from the Eyes, as well as Dimneſs and Clouds, being rub'd on them, mix'd with Honey. Lon. It has all the vertues of the other Tithymals. Dod. Writing with its juice is not diſcovered but by Ales. Lac. The Greeks were not acurate ſometimes in giving their names, as may appear by this, having no quality of the Fig-Tree only it has Milk, and ſo has Lettice. Lac. This Plant grows in moſt parts of the World. XVII. Plantago Cefalp. Cat. p. 83- sos Tis It 9 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 199 'Tis common on this ſide the Ferry going to Liguanee by Land, and in the North-ſide of this Iſland in ſeveral places. 'Tis reckoned one of the beſt Adſtringents, therefore its Juice or Decocti- on, and all parts of it are thought to be very vulnerary, ſtopping all man- ner of Fluxes, either of Blood or Marter, and that taken ſeveral ways. It is Cold and Dry, drying Wounds and Ulcers, abounding with too much moiſture, taken as a boild Sallet, it cures the Dyſentery. The juice heals Ulcers of the Ears, and ſtops the Catamenia, a Cloath dipt in this juice being made uſe of by way of Peſſary. It ſtops bleeding of Wounds, being mix'd with white of Eggs. Dorft. XVIII. Aceris fructu herba anomala, flore tetrapetalo albo. Cat. p. 83. Tab. 127. Fig. 1, 2. os baud This Plant has very ſmall, brown, fibrous Roots, by which it creeperh along the Earths ſurface, ſending up now and then a round, red, jointed, and juicy Stalk, about a Foot and an half high, having Leaves coming out at the joints alternatively, at an Inch and an half's diſtance, ſtanding on an Inch long, round, and red Foot-Stalks. They are three Inches long, half as broad, rough, of a yellowiſh green colour, indented on the edges, being of an irregular Figure, having as it were a defect on one of the ſides of the Baſe by the Foot-Stalks end, and the other ſide produced lower like an Ear, from whence it decreaſes, ending in a point. The Flower comes at top, is tetrapetalous and white, two of the Petala being large, and fer oppoſite to one another, and two of them being much ſmaller, ſet in the ſame manner with yellow Stamina. After this follows one Seed, which is quadrangular, large, brown, oblong, incloſed in a two wing'd, triangular, extant mem- brane which ſurrounds it. It grows in the woody and ſhady Paths going to fixteen Mile Walk by the Rio Cobre, in the ſhady Woods by Hope River, and other ſuch places in ſe- veral parts of the iſland. This in many things reſembles the Therianarinampuli . H. M. p. 9. Tab.86. p. 167. XIX. Clematitis prima hue Sylveſtris latifolia. C. B. foliis ternis. Cat. p.84. Tab. 128. Fig. 1. I did not obſerve any difference between this Plant here, and ours in Ex- rope, but in every part found a perfect agreement, only the Leaves were not five as ours, but for the moſt part always three on the ſame Foot-Stalk, which may be the variety of Soil. C.B. ſays of his, that Mirè in foliorum diviſuris ludit. It grows in the Woods going to Guanaboa by the Road fide, and over the Rio Cobre near the Angels. The Stalks are uſed for Withs. The Root heated in Water, and mix'd with two Glaſſes of Wine, diluted with Sea-water, Purges Hydropical People. The Juice and Flowers beaten, or boil'd, rub'd on the Skin, takes out its ſpots. It is very Hot. Trag. Pliny tells us that theſe Sticks rub'd againſt one another they fire. Which is the way uſed by the Indians to make Fire at this day. XX. Solanum racemoſum Americanum. Raii. Cat. p. 84. Phytolacca Ameria cana. Tournef. El. p. 246. Phytolacca Americana fructu majori . Ejuſd. Inft. p. 299. Blitum maximum caule rubente Virgin. Seu Amaranthus Americanus baccifer. Schwyl. p. 14. Solanum Virginianum rubrum maximum racemofum bach VIV entod Tools Bool . 200 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. cis torulis canaliculatis. Bob. Hiſt. Ox. pørt. 3. P. 522. An Cuechiliz tomatl. Hernandez. p. 374? The Great Virginia red Nightſhade. I could not obſerve any difference between Parkinſon's Great red Virginia Solanum, and this growing here, and therefore will not give the deſcription of it, it ſeeming to me to be the ſame. It grows on the more mountainous parts of this Inland, as in Liguanee, on the Mountains above Mr. Elletſon's Plantation, on Mount Diablo, in go- ing to the North ſide, and ſeveral the more cool places of this Iſland. It is uſed by the Indians in New-England to dye their Skins and the Barks wherewith they make their Baskets. Engliſh People in Virginia call it Red Weed. Virginia Nightſhade is a familiar Purger in Virginia and Nera England. A ſpoonful or two of the juice of the Root works ſtrongly. The dried Root has not, upon trial, been found to have that effect. Park. Theru-Caniram. H. M. Is of this Kind. XXI. Solanum racemoſum Americanum minus. Cat. p. 85. An Heliotropium Casraffavicum Scammonii foliis mollibus ſubhirſutis . Herm. par. Bat. prod: A- maranthus baccifer Circea foliis. Hort. Amft. part. I. p. 127. This has a ſmall, oblong, fibrous Root, which fends up one green, round Stalk, two Foor high, having many Branches. The Leaves ſtand on the Stalks without any order, are almoſt like thoſe of Circea Lutetiana, or the foregoing, only leſſer. The Flowers come in a Spike on the tops of the Branches, which have ſome large hairs or ſoft prickles, they have very ſhort Foot-Stalks, are many, white, and tetrapetalous, after which follow fome very ſmall, at firſt green, then red Berries. It grows every where in the Woods of this Iſland, and in the Caribes. De Tertre tells us of a ſmall Solanum, and a Plant like Circea, which, with the juice of its Root, Cures the Tooth-ach. Perhaps that like Circea was this. OL XXII. Ghandiroba vel Nhandi-roba Braſilienfibus. Marcgr. Cat. p. 85. This grew very plentifully on a Lime-Hedge near Mrs. Guys Houſe in her Plantation in Guanaboa, as alſo in Mountain River Woods, and in ſeveral other places. The Fruit, or inward Nuts, are carried down freſh Rivers into the Sca, and thence are thrown upon the Banks by the Waves again very frequently The Inhabitants of Braſile make an Oil of the Kernel of this Fruit, which they uſe in their Lamps, being very clear, good, and withal flow in con- fuming. It cannot be us’d for Victuals being bitter, as is the whole Fruit. Marcgr. This Oil is good againſt Aches from Cold, it being Hot. I remember to have ſeen whole Families of thoſe of Braſile Sick with the Night Air, re- ſtor'd with this Oil. Piſo. XXIII Clematis baccifera, glabra & villoſa, rotundo é umbilicato folio. Plumier. Cat. p. 85. An Caapeba. Pil Worm. muſ. p. 158 ? An Volubilis feu baccifera Virginiana. officulo compreffo lunato, caudice lento, foliis hederaceis na- ſturtii Indici more umbilicatis. Baniſt. Pluken. Alm. p. 393? Velvet-Leaf. This has a round, whitiſh, wooddy Stalk, with which it turns about, and catches hold of any Tree it comes near, and riſes to its top, and thence falls down again, putting forth all along ſome ſınall Branches, having ſe- veral Leaves, like a Heart, or almoſt round, of about an Inch in Diameter, the edges being undivided. They are of a white yellowiſh colour, very thick ſet with a whitiſh down, or ſoft hair, feeling to the touch as Velvet, whence its name. The Flowers come out among the Leaves are hanging on a two Inches long Strings, as thoſe of Nettles, each Flower being very ſmall, The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 201 ſmall, tetrapetalous, of a pale green colour, with one black ſpot in the middle. I could never find any Seed, though ſeveral times I examined the Plant. It grows every where in the Town Savanna, amongſt the Shrubs. The i eaf either applied whole, or bruiſed, to a wounded place, cures it very effcctually. It is a good Remedy againſt poiſoned bites, the Leaves being bruiſed and applied. The Root is excellent againſt the Stone. Marcgr. Pif . XXIV. Lyſimachia lutea non pappola erecta major, foliis hirſutis, fructu caryo- phylloide. Cat. p. 85. Tab. 127. Fig. 3. The Stalk is uſually brown, ſtrong, four or five Foot high, and has fe- veral hairy, red, angular Branches, on every hand very thick beſet with long, narrow, hairy nervous Leaves, ſeveral of which come out together, fome larger, fome ſmaller. The larger are three Inches long, and ſcarce one broad, in the middle where broadeſt, of a light green colour, downy and foft like Velvet. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, are large, yellow, ſtanding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, pentapetalous, very open, or ſpread with yellow Stamina, having under them four or five green, ſmall Leaves, ſtanding on an oblong, large, four or five ſquare Capſula, or Seed-Veſſel fet on to the Stalk by an eight part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, and contain- ing in ſeveral Cells very much ſmall , yellowiſh Seed, when full ripe The Deſcriptions and Figures of this and the Lyſimachia corniculata maria tima hinuatis, 6 pubeſcentious foliis Virginiana, Plukenet. Alm. p. 235. & Phyt. Tab. 203. Fig. 3. fhew theſe Plants to be very different one from the other. This I take notice of, becauſe Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiſa, p. 123. doubts if it be not the fame. It grows every where on the wet or low Banks of the Rio Cobre, and in other wet places of the Iſland, XXV. Lyſimachia lutea non pappoſa erecta minor, flore luteo pentapetalo, fructu caryophylloide. Cat. p. 85. Tab. 128. Fig. 2, 3. This riſes about ten Inches high, from ſmall fibers it fends out from its joints, into the neighbouring mud, thereby drawing its Nouriſhment. Its Stalk is green, round, ſucculent, ſmooth and brittle, on which are plac'd by a quarter of an Inch long red Foot-Stalks, ſeveral Inch long Leaves, half as broad in the middle where broadeſt, ſmooth and ſhining. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers. They are pentapetalous, very large, yellow, and making a fine ſhow. The Seed I did not obſerve, though by its Stalks and Flower it ſhould be of kin to, if not a Purſlane. It grows in Marſhy places near Black River Bridge, &c. where water ſtands fhallow moſt part of the year, among the Mud, into which it ſtrikes its fi- brous Roots. XXVI. Cuſcuta inter majorem & minorem media, filamentis longis obu fortibus latiſſime ſuper arbores vel campos ſe extendens. Cat p. 85. Tab. 12. Fig. 4. This has very long, and ſtrong filaments, by which it ſtretches its felf over very large Trees, and whole Fields and Paſtures, riſing no higher than the Plants on which it feeds. The Flowers are white, and conglomerated on one ſide of the Stalk, as the others of this Kind are. The Filaments are larger than thoſe of the Cuſcuta minor five epithymum. C.B. Pin. and leſſer than thoſe of the Cuſcuta major. C. B. Pin. F ff This 202 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica This is not the Cuſcuta Lendiginoſa, &c. Plukenet. Tab. 26. Fig. 6. as the Doctor conjectures, Mantiſſ . p.61. as may be ſeen above p. 191. his Cuf- cuta Lendiginofa, being the inward part of the Viſcum cariophilloides, &c. there deſcribed, the little knots in it being at the places of the Stalks where the Branches were placed. It grows on the Paliſadoes, Trees, Shrubs, and Fields near the Rio Cobre, about and below the Town of St. Jago de la Vega very plentifully. C HA P. XI: : sicholt Grobiol Of vaſculiferous Herbs with pentapetalous Flowers. 'C 1. Iſtus urtice folio, flore luteo, viſculis trigonis. Cat p.86. Tab. 127. Fig. 4,5. This Shrub has a Stem as big as ones Thumb, covered with a reddiſh brown, ſmooth Bark, riſing three or four Foor high, and having many Branches towards the top, ſpread thinly on all hands. They are beſet with Leaves and ſmall Sprigs. The Leaves are fome greater, ſome ſmaller, thoſe largeſt ſtand on an half Inch long Foot- Stalks, being two Inches and an half long, and one Inch broad in the mid- dle where broadeſt, notch'd about the edges, hoary or woolly, ſoft, having one middle Rib, and ſeveral tranverſe ones. They are of a yellowiſh dark green colour, and they have a ſcene like Ciſtus ; and ſomewhat reſemble the Leaves of Cannabis ſpuria. On the tops of the Twigs and Branches come the Flowers ſtanding in a pentaphyllous Calyx. They are pentapetalous, yellow, or Orange coloured, very large, and like the Flowers of Ciſtus, after which follows a ſmall Head, made up of three ſtrong cartilagineous membranes, in which are lodged the Seeds, which are large It grew between Guanaboa and the Town on the Red Hills very plentifully, in the Road going to the Angels near the Gate, and in ſeveral other places of this Iſland. II. Chamaciſtus urticæ folio, flore luteo. Cat p. 87. Tab. 127. Fig. 6. 5 This has a ſmall, ſtraight, white, ſhort Root, having ſome ſmall, white fibers on each ſide, from whence ſprings one round, rough Stalk, two Inches high, having Branches oppoſite to one another, and Leaves which are three quarters of an Inch long, and one third part of an Inch broad, very deep cut in on the edges, and rough, like thoſe of Cannabis Spuria. The Flower ſtands at top, it is very woolly or hairy, ſurrounded by three or four Leaves. It is of a deep yellow colour in the inner part, pentapetalous, large, and making a fine ſhow. After this follows a ſmall Head, made up of three carti- lagineous Membranes, incloſing ſome large Seeds, of a white colour, very pleaſantly ſtriated, and like thoſe of Mallows. be It grows in the Town Savanna after Rain. III. Chamæciſtus caule hirfuto, folio oblongo, angufto, finuato, flore luteo, pediculo inſidente. Cat. p. 87. Tab. 127. Fig. 7. This has a wooddy, oblong Roor, with ſeveral lateral fibrils, which ſends up ſometimes a ſingle, and ſometimes two or three wooddy, round Stalks, abour three or four Inches high, being covered with a reddiſh coloured hair, or ſmall Prickles, which although they look very fierce, yet I never obſerved fo The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 203 to prick. The Leaves come out alternatim, being about an Inch long, and one fifth part of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeſt, and whence they decreaſe to both extreams, being ſomewhat hairy, of a dirty brown colour, and ſinuated about the edges. Ex alis foliorum, and at the tops come the Flowers each ſtanding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, being yellow, and after this follows a Seed-Veſſel, or Head made after the ſame manner, and containing Seeds as the former. It grew in the Savanna about the Town, with the former. IV. Anagallis cærulea, portulaca aquatica caule & foliis. Cat. p. 87. Tab.129. Fig. 1. This ſmall repent Plant, has round, ſmooth, green, juicy Stalks, which ar joints ſtrikes into the Earth, ſmall, white, hairy fibers, whereby it draws its Nouriſhment, and likewiſe ſmall, green, ſucculent Leaves, almoſt like thoſe of the Portulaca aquatica, being roundiſh, thick, green, ſmooth, and very ſmall, without Foot-Stalks, ſtanding oppoſite to one another. Towards the ends of its ſmall Twigs, ex alis foliorum, come out half an Inch long Foot- Stalks, and on them in a Calyx, conſiſting of two green Leaves, a pentape- talous Flower, of a pale blue colour, having ſome whitiſh Stamina within. After this follows a great number of very ſmall, flat, brown Seeds, incloſed in a hard, brown Capſula, covered by ſome firſt green, afterwards brown Leaves, which were the Perianthium or Calyx of the Flower. It grew on the Sea Marſhes near the landing place at Delacrees in Liguanec. V. Aljne Americana nummulariæ foliis. Herm. parad. Bat. prod. p. 306. par. Bat. p. II. Cat.p. 87. This ſort of Chickweed had ſeveral very ſmall, white Strings for its Root, from whence, on every hand, went ſeveral round, ſmall Stalks, a Foot long, lying on the ſurface of the Earth. They were green, and upon ſtretching, like other Aljine's, the Bark breaks, the inward part of the Stalk holding. Ar more than an Inches intervals diſtance come the Leaves. They are two, one oppoſite to another, ſtanding on ſhort Foot-Stalks, are almoſt quite round, having Nerves, like Plantain, running from the Foot-Stalks end through the Leaf, each of which is of about one third part of an Inch's Diameter. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, ſeveral together ſtand- ing on an Inch long Foot-Stalk. They are made up of many white, long Petala, as the other Alfine's, to which follows ſeveral ſmall Seeds, like thoſe of other Chickweeds. It grew on the low, moiſt Banks of Rio Cobre, below the Town of St.Fago de la Vega, and ſeveral ſuch moiſt ſhady places, in and towards ſixteen Mile Walk, very plentifully. VI. Aljini affinis foliis bellidis minoris, caule nudo. Cat. p. 87. Tab. 129. Fig. 2. This had a crooked, white Root, with many Hairs to draw its Nouriſh- ment, about an Inch long. The Leaves lay on the ſurface of the Earth, ſpread round the Root, being about an Inch long from a narrow beginning, increaſing by degrees to its round end, and very like the Leaves of the leſſer Daſie, only not ſo thick nor ſucculent, and of a darker green colour. From the middle of theſe Leaves riſes a four or five Inches long Stalk or two, without any Leaves, being branched towards the top, which Branches are divided into ſmall Twigs, each whereof fuſtains a ſmall Head, incloſed by four whitiſh capſular Leaves, there being within them a round, whitiſh, thin Seed-Veſſel, full of roundiſh black Seeds, very ſmall. I never found it in Flower. TE 204 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. It grew on the ſandy places of the Town Savanna, towards two Mile Wood. VI. Portulaca latifolia ſees ſativa, C.B. pin. Cat. p. 87. This grows every where in cultivated Grounds, without being Sown, and agrees in every thing with its Deſcription in all Authors. This name Porculaca is thought to come from its feeding Swine. This with Fern and Baſilicum, are common to Europe and Braſile. Lery. It has ſometimes a notch in the Flowers, or they are bifid. The whole Plants are boiled, dried in the Sun, and uſed for Winter- Diſhes. Matth. The Stalks are pickled after drying with Fennel, Verjuice, and Salc. Lugd. This is the only Herb common to Maragnan and France. Abbev. It is Cold in the third, and Moiſt in the ſecond Degree. It is eaten in Sallads, yields little cold, moiſt, and groſs Nouriſhment, killing Worms, thickning and cooling the Blood, therefore ſtopping all its Fluxes. It is good for the Bladder, extinguiſhing. Venery. It takes away the pain of the Teeth ſet on edge, and theſe things are done likewiſe by the Seed. It helps the Inflammations of the Uterus & anus. Ger. This beaten with lotura oryze remedies Carbuncles. H. M. Applied outwardly it cures the Eryſpelas Inflammations, and procures ſleep. Lon. VIII. Portulaca anguſtifolia five ſylveſtris. C. B. pin. Cat. p. 87. Pourpier de Bouton. p.48. Taicombelahe de Flacourt, p. 126. It grows in more barren ſandy, and ſometimes wet Grounds, and there- fore I doubt whether it may not be a variety of the former. Mr. James Lancaſter af. Hakl. p. 119. p.2. relates that being left on the Iſland Mona, near Eſpanola in the Weſt-Indies, in great want, the beſt relief they found was in the Stalks of Purſelain boiled in water, and now and then a Pompion found in the Garden of an old Indian, and that for twenty nine days they lived fo. IX. Portulaca aizoides maritima procumbens, flore purpureo. Cat. p. 88. As Portulaca Caraſſavica angufto longo lucidoque folio procumbens floribus rubris. Pluken. Alm. p. 303? Comm. hort. Amft. p. 9? Sampier. This has many thick, juicy, round, red, frequently jointed Stalks, lying on the ſurface of the ground on every hand. The Branches and Leaves come at the joints, the latter being an Inch and an half long, like the Chryſanthe- mum aizoides, triangular, very juicy, faltiſh in taſt, like Sampier, not un- pleaſant, and very ſucculent. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, which are pentapecalous. The Petala are thick, of a purple colour varying fome- times to white, ftanding Star-fathion, with purple Stamina in the middle, and looking very pretty. After theſe follow many ſmall, roundiſh, com- preſs’d Seeds, having a little defect in the middle, being of a fhining black colour, like the grains of Gunpowder, or other the Seeds of Portulaca, in- cloſed in a hexaphyllous Cup, with a clay colour'd coyer to it, breaking horizontally, as other the Portulaca. It varies very much in bigneſs in ſeveral places. Ic grows on the falt marſhy Grounds near Paſſage Fort, old Harbour, on the Cayos off of Port Royal, and other ſuch places very plentifully. 'Tis pickled, and eat as Engliſh Sampier. The Leaves are preſerv'd with Vinegar and Brine, as Sampier, Solda- nella, &c. and are earen as a Pickle Pif. X. Por The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 205 X. Portulaca aizoides maritima erecta. Cat. p. 88. This has ſeveral Branches ſpread round, reddiſh, and as thick as ones little Finger, cornered, and fet with Twigs, at a third part of an Inches di- ſtance round the Stalk, mounting upright a Foot high. The Leaves are almoſt triangular, two Inches long, and one twelfth part of an Inch broad, pyramidal, very green, taſting like others of this kind. I did not obſerye its Flower or Seeds, but believe them like the former. It grew on the ſandy Shore near Paſſage Fort. XI. Portulaca erecta ſedi minoris facie, capitulo tomentoſo. Cat. p.88. Tab.125. Fig. 3. This has ſmall, white, ftringy Roots, which fend up ſeveral round, ſmooth, reddiſh Stalks, four Inches high, having many ſmall, round Leaves, like thoſe of the Sedum minus foliis teretibus, about half an Inch long, and having at their tops feven or eight Leaves, encompaſſing ſeveral Flowers in a downy Wooll, after which follow, in a Capſula, like that of Purſlan, ſe- veral ſmall, black Seeds, like thoſe of that Plant. It grows in the dry Savannas after Rain. This differs very much from the Portulaca Curaſſavica lanuginoſa, &c. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 105. Fig. 4. Alm.p. 303. though the Doctor thinks them the ſame in his Mantiſſa, p. 154. In the Figure the Leaves on the Stalk are not taken notice of.loqa XII. Portulace facie maritima fruticoſa erecta amaricans. Cat. p. 87. An por. tulaca Americana erecta floribus albis. Parad. Bat. Commel . hort. Amft. part. 1. p. 7 ? An portulaca marina latifolia, flore ſuave rubente. Plum. Tournef. Inft: P. 236 This in every thing was like Purſlan, only larger, and growing more up- right. It had a long, deep, round Root, and ſeveral lateral fibrils went in- to the fandy, looſe Earth, thence drawing its Nouriſhment. The Stalk was reddiſh, as thick as ones little Finger, ſucculent, riſing to at leaſt two Foot high, having Branches chick ſet with Leaves, without any order, about an Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the end where it was broadeſt, and round, being at the beginning narrow, and from no Foot-Stalk increaſing to that breadth. It is juicy, has one middle Rib, and a very unfavoury bitteriſh taſt. What was its Flower or Seed I did not obſerve, and ſo cannot be poſitive that it belongs to this place. It grew on Gun Cayos near Port Royal. TRƯỜNG CÓ THỂ THAO XIII. Portulace affinis folio fubrotundo fucculento, flore pentapet alo dilute purph- reo. Cat. p. 89. Portulaca Coraffavica procumbens Capparidis folio, flore muſcojo, capſalâ bifurcatå. Herm. par. Bat. p. 213. Horſe-Purſlane. This has trailing, juicy, round, ſmooth, green Branches, three Foot long, lying on the ſurface of the Ground, round the top of the Root, being jointed, ſwelld at each joint, and branch'd every Inch and half, there being two lit- tle Branches ſet againſt one another, on which ſtand the Leaves oppoſite to one another, on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being roundiſh, of about an Inch Diameter, and not alcogether fofucculent as thoſe of Purſlane. The Flowers are pentapetalous, of a light purple colour reſembling thoſe of Mallows. The Seeds are ſomething flat, and round, being black, and contained in a green, oblong Capſula. It grows by the Kings Houſe, and in ſeveral places in the Streets of the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, after Rains. This differs extreamly from Patulace fimilis planta Indie orientalis, &c. Plukenet. GgS 200 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica Plukenet Phyt. Tab. 206. Fig. 3. though the Doctor in his Mantiſ. p.155. thinks they may be the ſame, XIV. Linum ſcandens flore dilute purpureo femine triangulari. Cat. p. 89. Tab. 130. Fig. 1. An Linum farmentofum , feu volubile famaicanum, flore cæruleo. Pluken. Alm. p. 224? This has a round, hoary, ſmall Stalk, turning and winding its felf about any Plant it comes near, and riſing three or four Foot high, having Leaves at every Inches diſtance, ſtanding on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot- Stalks, being three quarters of an Inch long, and half an Inch broad near the Baſe where broadeſt, and whence they decreaſe, ending in a point, a little hairy, and of a dark green colour. Ex alis foliorum come out ſe- veral Flowers, ſtanding on very ſhort, crooked Foot-Stalks. They ſtand Star faſhion, are pentaperalous, and of a pale purple colour, after which fol- lows a ſmall, brown, roundiſh Head, like that of Flax, divided into ſeveral Cells, and containing Seeds almoſt triangular, being round on one ſide, flac on the others, and of a light brown colour. There is another fort of this, or rather variety, being much larger in Flowers, &c. They being of a white colour. It grows, though rarely, in the Savannas, amongſt the prickly Pears ; but is frequent on the Red Hills in the way to Guanaboa. Ottiod peter XV. Apocynum erectum fruticoſum, flore luteo maximo & Speciofiflimo. Cat. p. 89. Tab. 130. Fig. 2. Savanna Flower. are This riſes three or four Foot high by a wooddy, branch'd Stalk, covered near the Root with a brown, ſmooth Bark, like that on Birch-Twigs. The Twigs at top have green Bark, and ſeveral Leaves, two always ſtanding op- poſed one to another, on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are Oval, yellowiſh green in colour, ſmooth, two Inches long, and three quarters of an Inch broad. Ex alis foliorum towards the tops of the Branches come out ſeveral long, wooddy Foot-Stalks, ſupporting each a yel- low monopetalous Flower, whoſe margin has five deep notches in it. After theſe follow two Pods ſet like Bulls Horns, very ſlender in reſpect of the athers of this Kind, and long, containing many brown Seeds with much Down, reſembling in every thing the other Species of this kind. The whole Plant is very Milky. It grows in the Savannas every where, and is in Flower moſt part of the year, making a very pleaſant fight. XVI. Apocynum ereétum folio oblongo, flore umbellato, petalis coccineis reflexis. Cat. p.89. Tab. 129. Fig. 4, 5. Apocynum Curafavicum fitrofa radice fioribus durantits Chamenerii foliis anguftioribus. Herm. par. Bat. prod p, 213. par. Bat. P.36. An Apocynum petreum ramoſum, ſalicis folio venoſo, filique medio tumente Virginianum Pluk. Almag. p. 26 ? Phyt. Tab. 261. Fig. 3. Apocynum Hyſica- menſe erectum, ſalicis foliis anguftioribus vel latioribus. Hort. Beaumont ? This has ſtrong and deep Roots ſeveral Inches long, and by the many fibers, they have, draw copious Nouriſhment to the Plant, which has ſeveral Stalks ſtreight, three or four Foot high, jointed at every Inch, four ſquare, the Leaves coming out at the joints oppoſite to one another . They are long, and of a dark green colour. At the top is a Foor-Stalk, ſuſtaining many Flowers umbel-faſhion'd, every one being pentapetalous. The Petala are turn'd down reflected, or bow'd back. The Stylus ſtanding up in the middle of them is yellow, the Petala are of a very fine ſcarler colour. The Pods follow, which are three Inches long, roundiſh, as big as ones Finger in the middle, and tapering to both extreams. The membrane is firſt green, but turns brown The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 207 brown, and contains, when opened, a great many flat, round, thin, brown Seeds, with much Silk Corton ſticking to their ends, in which they lie, faſtened to a middle, white, ſoft membrane, dividing each Pad. All the parts of this Plant are very milky. It grows very plentifully in the Road between Paſſage-Fort and the Town, as alſo in moſt Ditches and Paſtures about the Town. It is very troubleſome to Planters, fowling their Paſtures, and ſpreading its ſelf therein much againſt their will, and to their damage by means of its winged Seed. The Figure of this in Dr. Herman's Paradiſus Batavus is not very good. XVII. Apocynum fruticoſum ſcandens, gonift & Hiſpanicæ facie, floribus lačteis odoratis. Cat. p. 89. Tab. 131. Fig. I. This has near its Root a Stem as big as ones little Finger, covered with an alh-coloured Bark, having ſome ſuperficial black Sulci in it. The Stalk is divided into very many round, green Branches, like to Spaniſh Broom, which turning round Trees, or leaning on any thing they come near, riſe to ſometimes thirty Foot high. At every two or three Inches diſtance to- wards the top, it has two ſmall two Inches long Twigs fet oppoſite one to the other ar a little joint, each of which has Leaves ſec likewiſe oppo- ſite one to the other, ſtanding on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot- Stalks, being Oval an Inch long, half as broad, a little hairy or like velvet, and of a Graſs green colour. Six or eight Flowers ftand at top umbell-faſhion to gether, their Inch long Foot-Stalks coming from the ends of the Twigs, as from a common Center. They are each of them pentapetalous, the edges of the Petala being liairy, the Stamina are five, ſtanding up in the middle, whoſe round ends are reflected inwards, all of a milk white colour, ſmelling fweer, and looking very pleaſantly. The Seeds are many, brown and flat, lying in a ſilk down like other the Apocynums, all of them being lodged in an Inch long pyramidal Sheath, Pod, or Capſula, which opens on one ſide, let- ting the Seeds fly out : two of theſe Pods being uſually fet oppoſite like Horns, as the others of this Kind. The whole Plant is very milky. It grows on ſome Paliſadoes about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and on the Trees of the ſandy Banks of the Rio Cobre below the Town, on the fame ſide of the River. dle It is very plain, by this Deſcription and Figure, that this cannot be the Apocynum ſcandens angufto roriſmarini folio, &c. Plukenet . Alm. p. 37. Phyt. Tab. 261. Fig. 2. The Doctor, p.17. of his Maniiſſa doubts if it may not be the ſame. XVIII. Apocynum ſcandens majus folio fubrotundo. Cat p. 89. Tab. 131. Fig. An Apocynum ſcandens Malabaricum fruticoſum floribus nerii Cariophylles redolentibus. Herm. par. Bat. p. 62 ? This has a round, dark brown, and deep Root, ſending out one or more round and green Stalks, which wind and turn themſelves about any Plant or Shrub they come near, riſing to fix Foot high, and at about each three or four Inches diſtance are joints, out of which come Leaves, and fonie- times Branches fer one againſt another. The Leaves have a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are almoſt round, two Inches Diameter, a little curled, of a very freſh green colour and ſmooth. Between them and the Stalk, ex alis foliorum, comes a half Inch long Foor-Stalk, ſuſtaining a grear many pentapetalous Flowers, each Flower ſtanding in a contorted, greeniſh Calyx, which is long, its ora being divided into five parts. There is between each of the Petala or Sections, a ſmall diſtance, they ſtanding ſparſe from na word one 208 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. one another, and each of them beginning very narrow, are at their ends round and broad; a little indented about the edges. After theſe follow large taper Pods ſtanding like Horns, agreeing in every thing with thoſe of the other Apocynum's. It grows in the edges of the Woods in the Town Savannas, and in ſeveral other places of this Iſland, as well as the Caribes. XIX. Apocynum minus fcandens, flore albo, fingulis petalis, viridi ftria notatis. Cap. p. 89. The Stalk of this is near the Roor, round, as big as a Hens-Quill, of an aſh colour, turning and winding its ſelf round any Tree or Shrub it comes near, and riſing four or five Foor high ; towards the top on its Branches are many Leaves ſet in Tufts on oppoſite ſides of the Stalk. They have a quar- ter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch long, and one quarter of an Inch broad, towards an Oval ſhape though pointed, of a deep green colour, and ſmooth. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, being ſeveral, taking original from the ſame Center, viz. an eighth part of an Inch long Foot- Stalk. They are pentapetalous, long, ſmall, and white, with a green ſtreak in the middle of each of the Petala, and yellowiſh Stamina in the middle. After which follows in a pyramidal Husk or Seed-Veſſel made up of one membrane, Seeds, lying in a ſilken Down both Seeds and Seed-Veſſels, being exactly like thoſe of the other Apocynums only ſmaller. All parts of this plant are very milky. It grew in the Town Savanna among the Ebonies. XX. Apocyno afine, Gelſeminum Indicum hederaceum herbaceum tetraphyllum, folio fubrotundo acuminato. Cat. p.90. Pſeudo apocynum ſemine compreſo & alato ſea cundum, claviculatum tetsaphyllum Barbadienſe , flore lusteo tuberoſo inodoro breviorza bus foliis. Bob. hifi.ox.p. 3. p.612. Bignonia Americana, capreolis aduncis or- nata ſiliqua longiſſima. Tournefort. Inft. p. 164. This had a wooddy Stalk, about the bigneſs of a Hens-Quill, covered with a ſmooth Bark of an aſh colour, climbing any Trees or Hedges it came near, at about three or four Inches diſtance putting forth Leaves ſtanding op- poſite to one another on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks. The Leaves were fhining, roundiſh, about an Inch and an half long, and near as broad near the middle where broadeſt, ſmooth, and ſometimes, though rarely, in- dented about the edges. At the ends of the Foor-Stalks came out ſmall capreoli, by which it took hold of any thing it came near. It grew in the iſland of Barbados very plentifully every where. XXI. Nummularia minima flore albo. Cat. p. 90. Tab. 131. Fig. 3. This little Plant has ſeveral creeping Stalks, and many trailing Branches, with which it covers large ſpots of Ground. The Branches are round, brown, ſmall, and take hold by fibrous Roots of the ſurface of the Earth. The Branches ends are ſet very thick with Leaves alternatively, they are round, and like thoſe of Nummularia minor flore purpurafcente, C. B. only ſmaller. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, ſtand on a fhort Foot- Stalk, are whitiſh, pentapetalous, with ſome Stamina in the middle, in a green oblong Calyx. It grows very copiouſly in the Savanna near the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, in thoſe places where Rain has ſtood after a wet Seafon. XXII. Nummularia ſaxatilis minima repens, foliis crenatis villoſis, floribus albis. Cat. p.90. Tab. 131. Fig. 4. An Vitis Idaa paluſtris Americana foliis para vis circinatis, elegantiſſime crenatis ex infula Faimaicana. Plukenet. Alm.p. 392 ? This The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 209 This ſmall repent Plant has very ſmall Hairs for Roots, which it ſtrikes out at its joints. The Stalks are ſmall, round, hairy, jointed at every half Inch, from whence come out on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, round, ſmall Leaves of a pale green colour, rough, of about a quarter of an Inch Diameter, ſnipt about the edges. Towards, and at the tops come the Flowers in a tufft together, being very ſmall and white, but whether they belong properly to this place or no, I know not. It grows on the ſides of Rocks, which it covers, among the Mountains near Hope River in Liguanee, by Mr. Ellet ſon's Plantation. This is extreamly different from the Nummularia major rigidioribus & ra- rius crenatis foliis, &c. Plukenet. Alm. p. 254. though the Doctor in his Mantiſ. p. 136. thinks chey may be the ſame. XXIII. Tribulus terreſtris major, flore maximo odorato. Cat. p. 90. Tab. 132. Fig. 1. From a pretty ſtraight and deep Root ſpring a great many Foot and an half long trailing Branches, ſpread every way on the ſurface of the Ground, from the top of the Root, as from a Center. The Stalks are round, fuc- culent, brittle and thick, from whence go ſeveral Branches ſet with winged Leaves. The Pinna are generally fix, or three pair, of a dark green colour, the furthermoſt pair being largeſt. The Flowers come out towards the ends of the Branches, are of a pale Orange, or yellow colour, pentapetalous, very large and ſmelling ſweet. After which follows a ſmall prickly Head, with a long proceſs ſomething like to the Geranium Seeds, only theſe are fer with very ſtrong prickles, though not very ſharp on the largeſt fide, or that part of the Seed neareſt the Stalk. It grows in the Streets of the Town of St Fago de la Vega, and in rocky or gravelly Grounds in moſt Plantations in the illand. Å Salve is made of this Herb with Suet, good for the Ringworm, a frequent Diſtemper in this place. The European Kind is adſtringent, and good for all Inflammations. F. B. This feems to differ much from the Tribulus terreſtris major Caraſavicus. Herm. in not being to large, nor having ſo many Wings in its Leaves. XXIV. Urticæ folio anomala, fiore pentapetalo purpureo, fructu pentacocco muricato. Cat. p.90. Tab. 132. Fig. 2. From a rediſh, round, deep, oblong Root, come ſeveral round, green, tough Branches, about fix Inches high, along which come our ſeveral ſmall Leaves oval, ſnipt or deeply cur in on the edges, ſmooth, and ſtanding on a ſmall Foot-Stalk. Between them and the Stalk comes out a ſmall, pentapetalous, purpliſh Flower, ſtanding on a very ſmall , reddiſh Foot-Stalk, and having one large Styles, which in ſome time grows to be red, large, and afterwards rough and brown, it is pentacoccous, or divided into five Cellule, containing each a blackiſh Seed, and all are pendulous, or inclining towards the Ground grows among the Graſs in the Town Savanna. XXV. Gratiole affinis fruteſcens Americana, foliis agerati ſen veronicæ erecta majoris. Breyn. prod. 2. p. 54. Cat. P: 90. Capraria Curaffavica do Cabritta vulgo. Herm. par. Bat. p. 110. An Tsjeru parva. Hort. Mal.part. Io. P.105? Tab. 53? Welt-India Thea. Several ſmall two Inches long brown Roots united, fend up a Stem three or four Foor high, wooddy, covered with a ſmooth clay coloured Bark, and having ſeveral Branches, which are very thick ſet towards their tops with Leaves round their Stalks, without any order. Each Leaf is an Inch long, and not over an eighth part of an Inch over at top where broadeſt, having no Foots H hh Stalk, It 210 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. V Stalk, but beginning very narrow, and augmenting to that breadth : Suc- culent, of a deep green colour, ſmooth, having notches or incifures into the Leaves like thoſe of Senecio, or great Daiſie. Ex alis foliorum comes the Flowers ftanding on a ſhort Foot-Stalk, being ſmall, white, and the margin very deeply divided into five parts. After which follows a great many very ſmall brown Seeds, ſtanding in an oblong, cylindrical, four cornered, brown Capſula, divided into two parts. Of this there is a variety, being ſmaller. It grows in the Savanna, and about the Houſes of the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, very plentifully. 18 de HHH Why ſome give it the name of Thea, I cannot imagine, maingan (stot) It grows in Greece wild, and is call'd Cufermont by the Tarks. Wheeler apud D. Plukenet. It is calld Cabrita by thoſe of Curaſao, becauſe Goats feed on it. id. & af den dan edic Bosniki besloot no suo amoo coves I odwong ylisulubiwaton edunda yd borot Dom. alla 10 loomilda egled 12-3901 vos juodziw arlöneud srl ognoldo MC 00 201 To The Door TIC, 152 16 290150618 iso 2007 va momos srit To 29189 I ods Shtoj brot jud me 2. CHA P. XII. noire-alige ziowoli diw mordw niebie ug fome no sguoi syd alle col Of Herbs which are of the Kindred of Umbelliferous Plants. y ei aguon Wilie 1. y Alerianella folio fubrotundo, flore purpureo, ſemine oblongo, field to, aſpero. Cat. p. 91. Hogweed. On dos ME The Root is ſingle, very ſtrong and deep, ſending forth many Branches, lying along the ſurface of the Earth, one- very fide for a Foot or two in Diameter. The Stalks are red, round, fucculent, like thofe of Purſlane, jointed. At every joint are two Branches, and Leaves oppoſite one to another, fer on one third part of an Inch long red Foot-Stalks. They are almoſt round, three quarters of an Inch Diameter, fucculent, green with purple, and now and then curled edges, and ſmooth, on the tops of the Branches are a great many purple or ſcarler Flowers, fet cloſe by one another in the ſame Head, and after them ſucceed ſo many brown, oblong, ſtriated, and very rough Seeds. aw 2001. Soils in all the Plantations of the Mand. the down, and in moſt gravelly yld Hogs feed on this Herb with much delight : whence 'tis gather'd, and brought to them to their Styes to fatten them. amuomu 195VI 93109 bowo bre 1919 91 Ort goton bloo bus liom 975 2100 ST on T II. Valerianella allines folio ſcandens, floribus pallide luteis pyxidatis in Um- bella modum difpofitis, femine aſpero Cat. p. 91. An Valerianella Caraffavica femine afpero viſcofor Herm. par. Bat. prod. p. 382, par. Bat. Plukenet. Phyt. I ah. 133. Fig. 7 An Pſeudovaleriana Curaſſavica ſemine aſpero viſcoſo. Bob. Hift. Ox. part. 3. P. 105 so ook zirl món inejotibusom The lower part of the main Stem of this Plant is as big as ones Arm, having a furrowed white Bark. The Stalk takes hold of any Paliſadoe or Tree ir comes near, and branches at the top, it riſing ſeven or eight Foot high. w The Branches are many, round, red or green, and brittle, hanging downwards. The Leaves come out at the joints, and are in every thing like thoſe of our greater fort of Chickweed. The tops of the Twigs fend out ſeveral Raies or Foor-Stalks, as from their common Center, like the Umbellifera, fuſtaining each one ſmall, greenith yellow Flower, like a ſmall Cup, being round, undivided, and almoſt like mafcus pyxidatus in Thape. After which comes a fmall, long, brown Seed, almoſt like thoſe of ſome Umbellifera, growing larger from the beginning to the top, and being a IC little rough The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 211 ESO soupIt grows every where about Paliſadoes, and among Shrubs in the Sa- o Panna’s.endini 10 person gnivst droonil oleo noong 10 Jalus only I think every body will agree with me, that this is rather à Valerianella than a Solanum bacciferum, notwithſtanding Dr. Plakenet's contrary Opi- nion in his Mant. p. 173. diawen sourbobivio lesb yot awond batono mol Isonbilyonoldo nis ni nibns) bod word list III. Dentellaria Lychnioides ſylvatica ſcandens flore albo. Cat.p. 91. Tab. 133 Fig. I. Plumbago Americana viticulis longioribus ſempervirentibus ex Verd Cruce. Hort. Reg. Hampton. Bobart. part. 3. Hift. Ox. p. 599. An plombago ( fortè ) Americana ex conjectura D. Sherard. Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 312. Fig. I? An Chilmecatl ſeu Tcha. Hern. p. 140. bas blw 539 AL 2019 31 The Stalks of this Plant are round, jointed, fhining, green, wooddy, crooked, riſing three or four Foot high, when its weak Branches are fup- ported by Shrubs, among which it uſually grows. The Leaves come out on the Branches without any Foot-Stalks, being thin, ſmooth, for the moſt part roundiſh, and about two Inches over, though ſometimes oblong, like the Leaves of the commom Dentellaria. The tops of the Branches are ſer with Flowers Spike-faſhion, without any Foor-Stalks, but join’d to the Stalk by a rough, or almoſt prickly, viſcous, ſtriated, green Calyx, in which is plac'd a white pentapetalous Flower, like the Flowers of the Lychnis Sylv. flore albo, after which follows one large four-ſquare, brown Seed, in a roughi , viſcid Capſula. It grows in the Woods, or among Shrubs every where, and very plentia fully on each fide of the Road, between Paffage Fort, and St. Fago de la Veganibns? qsəb bor group pigm on 100 - no, dont on to sostrutora no pa asn IV. Admirabilis Peruana rubro flore. Cluf. rar. pl. hift . Cat. p. 91. Falapa flore purpureo. Tournefort. Inft. p. 129. The four a Clock Flower.no, It is frequent every where in the Woods and Plantations that are often watered with Rain, and uſually opens its Flower about four a Clock, whence the name. It has in this Iſland, for the moſt part a ſcarlet or purple Flower. ym 18919'S ST o doon tubos 293bs At Barbados I was told by a perſon knowing in theſe matters, that its Root was Mechoacan or Falap; but this I ſuppoſe came from its purging warer, which it does ſucceſsfully, and cures the Dropfie, as Piſo relates.wong si The Flowers yield a tincture for painting Women withal. Pifo . Ils ni alioa Cortulus hath found out that two Drams of the Root, doth very notably purge wateriſh humours. Cluf. oral o 29 vi? tior of mans of trigono The Roots are moiſt and cold, wherefore they are eaten, and outwardly applied to cool. Some ſay the Roor of that Kind, with variouſly colourd Flowers to two Drams, purges water. Hern. stills kon.se The red Flower'd ones Seed fown brings always red Flowers. Cluf. Plumier and Lignon, told Mr. Tournefort that the Falap of the Shops was mot different from his Falapa Oficinarum Fructu rugofo.orgen CINTA 2ono as gid 21 0 or to 7460-15wol s11 To V. Agrimonia lappacea inodora, folio fubrotundo dontato Cat. pug2.sgnivad This riſes to four or five Foot high, being divided into ſeveral ſmaller Branches towards the top, which are beſet with ſeveral Leaves without any order, ſtanding on half an Inch long rough Foot-Stalks. They are almoſt round, though a little pointed, with two Lacinia or finuations, being an Inch long and three quarters of an Inch broad at Baſe, where broadeft, in- dented round the edges, woolly, of a deep green colour above, and paler below, having ſome eminenc Ribs going from the Center of the Foot-Stalk through the Leaf. The Flowers ſtand on the tops of the Branches in a s gniad bas gou or ou gainsigod oda moit 1991. gniwong Spike, 31 dguoz 2014 212 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Spike, are yellow, the Petala being long and like thoſe of our European Agrimony, only narrower. After theſe follow on a crooked Foot-Stalk, feveral brown round Burs, thick ſer with hooked prickles, ſticking to any thing like the Seeds of Agrimony. It grows about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and in ſeveral other places of this Iſland. In my Catalogue I plac'd this amongſt the Plants of the Kindred of the Umbellifera, as moſt of the beſt Botaniſts have done before me, ſo that Dr. Plukenet might have fav’d himſelf the trouble of his long Paragraph upon this occaſion in p. 112. and 113. of his Mantifa. VI. Cotyledon aquatica. Cat. p. 93. Ranunculo affinis umbelliferis accedens in paluftribus folio peltato repens Americana noftrás. Pluken. Alm.p. 314. Valea rianella cognata folio cotyledonis . Herm. par. Bat. Cat. p. 13. Hydrocotyle Vul- garis. Tournef. Inft. p. 328. Out of every half Inch of a round, ſmall Root, creeping under the fur- face of the Earth, at the joints, are a great many very ſmall hairy, blackiſh fibers, by which the plant is nouriſhed, and from the ſame places are fent up the Leaves and Flowers Foot-Stalks, which are ſometimes one, ſometimes more, round, greeniſh, and four Inches long. The Leaves are round, thick, ſinuated on the edges, ſmooth, of an Inch Diameter, very green, their Foot- Stalk entring in their very Center, from whence fome Nerves are ſent to the Circumference. The Flowers ſtand cloſe together round their Foot-Stalks end. They are many, all near join'd to one another on almoſt no Foota Stalks, and are of a greeniſh colour. In a ſhort time appear the Seeds, be- ing broad, of the ſhape of Parſnep-Seeds, ſtriated, and ſtanding on Foot- Stalks, taking their beginning from the great Foot-Stalks end, like the Umbellifere. I can obſerve no difference between this and Cotyledon aquatica Joannis Bauh. It grows in ſeveral places along the moiſt Banks of the Rio Cobre, in moft Marthes or wer Grounds in the Caymanes, and other places of this Iſland. This Plant is ſharp to the taſt, and has been taken by ſome of the Plan- ters in place of Scurvygraſs, by uſing its diſtill'd water as Spirit of Scurvy. graſs It has fubtle and hot parts, pleaſant and Aromatick to the taſt. Its chief Vertues are in the Roots, which are opening. They open Obſtructi. ons of Liver and Reins, and help a hot Conſtitution, ſo that no Remedy is more proper. The juice of the green Leaves is eſteem'd by the Inhabitants a famous Antidote, and they procure Vomit with it, as we do with the juice of Aſarabacca Leaves. Piſo. • It is us'd to take away the marks called Os Figados by the Partugueſe, which I ſuppoſe are Liver marks. Marcgr. Gerard ſays that it was called Sheeps Bane by the Husbandmen, for that it kill'd the Sheep feeding on it, and therefore is angry with Apothecaries for uſing it for Wall-Penniwort alledging it would be more pernicious to Men than Sheep. Lobel and Dod. tell us that they uſed it for Cotyledon in the Ung. Populn. both for ignorance and want of the true Cotyledon. It is ſharp and exulcerating, therefore not to be uſed, or called Cotyledon, but Ranunculus. Col. It is called White-Rot, becauſe it kills Sheep feeding on it. Park. CHAP The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 213 bro CHA P. XIII. 'H Η Of Plants that are rough leav’d, called Aſperifoliz. bayil I. Eliotropium arboreum, maritimum, tomentofum, Gnaphalii Ameri- ho cani foliis. Cat. p. 93. This roſe to a Man's heighth, had a ſtraight Stem or Trunc, wooddy, firm, and ſolid, as big as ones thumb, with a pretty large Pith, a Bark all covered over with Down or Tomentum, ſmooth and white. Towards the top it had many Branches going out on every Hand, which are very thick ſet with a great number of Leaves round them, being each of them three Inches long, and not over an eighth part of an Inch broad near the round top, where broad- elt, being at the beginning narrow, and increaſing to that place. They are ſucculent, thick, and covered over with very much white Down, looking ſomething like the Leaves of the Gnaphalium Americanum. The tops are branched out into ſeveral Spikes of white Flowers, contorted like a Scorpions Tail, or the Heliotropes, to which in every thing they are like. It grew on a fandy Bay to the Eaſtward of Bridgetown in Barbados, and on the Sea fide between Paſſage Fort and Old Harbour in Jamaica. II. Heliotropium maritimum minus, folio glauco, flore albo. Cat. p. 94. Tab. 132. Fig. 3. Heliotropium Americanum minus glabrum folio anguito glaučo Breyn. prod. 2. p. 55. Heliotropium Americanum procumbens facie lini umbili cati . Herm. par. Bat. p. 183, Heliotropium monoſpermum Indicum procumbens glaucophyllon floribus albis. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 36. Fig. 3. Almag.p. 182. An Totecy Xochiuh. Hernandez. p. 432. Wild Sampier. This has ſeveral three or four Inches long Roots, white, and when united ſending up three or four Branches of the ſame length. The Stalks of it are round, green, juicy, and white, on the ſurface. The Leaves are ſet very thick in Tufts, fome ſmaller, and others bigger, being an Inch long, and a quarter of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeſt, juicy, pale green, covered over with a white Meal, glaucous, being like the Leaves of Echium maritimum, P. B. or Cerinthe. Towards the tops of the Branches ſtand the flowers. They are many on the upperſide of the Stalk, white, and turn'd like a Scorpions Tail, or thoſe of the other Heliotropes. It grows in Salt marſhy Grounds near the Sea-ſide, by the Canoes, old Harbour and Paffage Fort. When I printed my Catalogue of Famaica Plants, I did not think Doctor Plukenet had any where figured this Plant, neither ſhould I now, (his figure being not very exact) did he not ſay ſo in his Mantiſſa, p. 100. where he blames me for taking the ſynonimous names I have in my Catalogue from his Phytographia, whereas he has none there but his own name, and one out of Breynius's fecond Prodromus, which was not then taken notice of by me, and therefore is not mentioned. III . Heliotropium Americanum cæruleum, foliis hormini. Dodart. Cat. p. 94. Wild Clary. I ii The 214 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica Cat p. 94. The Stalk of this Plant is large, green, round, wooddy, crooked, and riſes to a Foot high. The Branches are ſmall, and hairy, ſuſtaining Leaves juſt like thoſe of Clary, whence the name. The Flowers are many, pen- tapetalous, of a pale blue colour, fer in a double row on the upperſide of the Branches, and turn'd like a Scorpions Tail, like the other Heliotropes. After which follow feveral cornered, brown Seeds. It grows about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega very plentifully in Jamaica, and in the Caribe Iands on dry Grounds. It is cleanſing, and having a conſolidating quality, is good againſt Wounds and Ulcers; it is likewiſe good againſt moſt hot Cutaneous Diſeaſes. Piſo. If this be the Bena-pathia. H. M. the Authors of that Book ſay that boil- ed in Coconut Oil, it cures the Diſeaſe called Pitao by drying, and is given in the poyfonous bites of the great Fox Jakhalſen. CV IV. Heliotropium Caraffavicum hormini foliis anguſtioribus. Hort. Beaumont. -cure Store This was larger than the precedent, having Leaves on its Stalk, uſually taking their original oppoſite to one another, being narrow at the beginning, and pointed at their ends, not ſo rough as the precedent, nor blunt as it, but more glabrous or ſmooth. TheSpikes ſometimes come oppoſite to the Leaves, and are ſlenderer than thoſe of the precedent. to 10 It grew in one of the Caribes, where I foundit. end V. Heliotropium minus, Lithoſpermi foliis. Cat. p. 95. Tab. 132. Fig. 4. This Plant reſembles very much the Lithoſpermum arvenſe radice rubra. C. B. only 'tis ſmaller. It has a ſmall ſtraight root, dark brown colour'd, from whence ſprings up one Stalk, three or four Inches high, divided into ſo many Branches, which are bowed or reflex'd like a Scorpions Tail, or the other Heliotropes. The Leaves come out alternatively, and are like thoſe of Grommil, only ſmaller. The Flowers are white, pentapetalous, and plac'd like thoſe of the other Heliotropes. After which follow thc Seeds, four be. ing always together, each of which is almoſt triangular, of a dark brown colour, and irregular form. It grows very plentifully every where in the Town Savanna's after Rain. o ay 4 CHAP. The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 215 girl bas beslooto ..vbbooy button 19915 978l zi de 297091 gainis vist bts Ilseil 316 collaned at der fou (911 210Wolf od CH A P. XIV. y 10 alle or obilogou ort no woi aldab Օտյան Սայել o 2 foto Of Herbs commonly accounted to have many naked Seeds. i planolo VOR the Tribe of Mallows 'tis very large, and to be divided here into three diſtinct Diviſions. The firſt that of Mallows, where 1 the Seeds have ſticking to them their outward membrane very cloſe. The other, or ſecond, where this membrane is ſomething - laxer, or a Follicle, which are properly calld Abutila. The third contains the Alcea, where theſe Follicles are not disjoined as in the others, but contiguous to one another. All theſe come near to the Multi- filiquofe Tribe. Mallows, according to fome, are properly roundiſh leav'd, Alcee thoſe whoſe Leaves are cut, and Altheæ thoſe whoſe Leaves are hoary. F II. Malva arborea, folio rotundo, cortice in funes ductili, flore miniato maxim mo liliaceo. Cat. p. 95. Tab. 134. Fig. 1, 2, 3. The Mahot or Mangrove Tree. 5-10 The Roots of this Tree are many, round, white, and long, entering the ſurface of the Earth, and not running very deep Several Truncs as big as ones Thigh, riſe up to about fifteen or twenty Foot high. Their outward Bark is very white, and almoſt ſmooth, the inward is yellowiſh when freſh, and red when dry, and then very tough, and ſerves to make Ropes. The Leaves ſtand, at the ends of the Branches, on four Inches long Foot- Stalks, being cordated, or almoſt round, of about five Inches Diameter, a little indented on the edges, ſoft, ſmooth, of very dark green colour, and having the Veins apparent, running from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center, through the ſeveral parts of the Leaf. The Flowers come out of the ends of the Twigs, ſtanding in a pentaphyllous, green, hoary Capſula, they are pentapetalous, cach of the Petala being two inches long, and of a red colour, incloſing a red Peſtle or Stylus of the ſame length, on which are many Stamina, the whole Flower looking like a red Lilly. Af- ter theſe follow brown Seeds, of the ſhape, and plac'd like thoſe of Mallows, only much larger. Tab. 134. Fig.i. fhews the Leaf, Fig. 2. the Flower, and Fig: 3. a piece of the inward Bark, whereof are made the Ropes. It grew in Colonel Bourden's Plantation, as well as in many of the inland moiſt parts of this Iſland. 'Tis chiefly uſeful by its Bark, which is peeld off, and made into Ropes of all forts, for the uſe of the Iſland. The Bark is taken off the Branches with Knives, then bear with a Mallet 'till the firſt grofs one be ſeparated from the ſecond : of the more groſs is made Cords of the other Britches, for the Negroes and Slaves. Cauche. II. Malva arborea maritima, folio ſubrotundo minore acuminato ſubtus candido, cortice in funes ductili, flore luteo. Cat. p. 93. Tab. 134. Fig. 4. Mahavlt de Bouton. p. 68. An Ampoufoutchi de Flacourt, p. 144? Malva erkorea Indica, abutili foliis argentea, fub externo cortice tenediophoros, e femmis ramis radi- coſa. Pluk. Mant. p. 75. An Arbor Americana Tanidiophoros, vttas & tenis- las plurimas tramoſericas ſeinvicem incumbentes, longitudinaliter fub externo cortice ferens. Ejuſd. Alm. p. 41. ? Mahot of Ogilby. Amer. p. 348. & 377, Maho- 216 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Maho-Tree, or Shrub of Dampier, cap. 3. The Sea Mahot or Mangrove- Tree. 'Tis the ſame in every reſpect with the former, only the Leaves are ſmal- ler, of a whiter green colour, and a little pointed. The underſide being very white. The Flowers are of the ſame ſhape but yellow, and the Seeds are the ſame. It grows by the Sea-ſide near Captain Draxe's Plantation, in the North fide of the Iſland in St. Anns, very plentifully. The Bark is of the fame uſe with the former. The Ropes made of the Bark of this Tree, are uſed to tye the Human Bodies they in Braſile deſign to kill for Sacrifices. Lery Linſchot . The Leaves and Flower feed great Lizards. Its Bark is uſed for Tobacco in rolling it; for Matches for the Spaniards, and for ſowing the Reeds toge- ther for the Houſes to cover them. Tertre. In our return to the North Sea, we cut and made Piperies or Floats of four or five of the ſe Truncs , being light and floating; after barking they being tied together with wild Withs inſtead of Cords, two or three, or more of them, according to the bigneſs of the Pipery. Raveneau de La Taiz. Why Doctor Plukenet ſhould call this ſummis ramis radicola I know not. III. Malva arborea, folio oblongo acuminato, veluto, dentato & leviter finuato, flore ex rubro flaveſcente. Cat. p. 95. Tab. 135. Fig. 1. This riſes to about twelve foot high, having a woody Trunc, and ſeveral Branches, whoſe Twigs are hairy, and have ſome few Leaves ſet alterna- tively, at about an Inches diſtance towards their ends, each being placed on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, they are about four Inches long, and near as broad near the round Baſe where broadeſt, and whence they decreaſe, ending in a point, being very ſoft, woolly, and having ſome flight ſinuations, as well as indentures about the edges, and ſeveral Ribs running through the Leaf, taking their Original from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center, being much more pointed than either of the foregoing. Ex alis foliorum towards the top comes our the Flowers, ſtanding on large hirſute five Inches long Foot-Stalks, in a Calyx made up of many Foliola in two Series’s,the outward Series being the narroweſt. Within this is a large Flower, of a yellowiſh Carnation colour, like in every thing to the others of this Kind. After which follows large brown Seeds, placed like thoſe of Mallows, to which they are very like in every thing, only larger. It grew on the Red Hills over againſt Mr. Batchelor's Houſe very plen- tifully. IV. Malva arborea, folio oblongo, acuminato, glabro, dentato. Cat. p. 56. Tab. 136. Fig. I. This had ſeveral wooddy Branches, with a ſmooth aſh-coloured Bark, white Wood, and large Pith. The Leaves came out on the ends of the Twigs, being ſet on two or three Inches long Foot-Stalks, longer than the precedent, and not ſo broad ; ferrared, but not finuated about the edges, being ſmooth, and not hairy or hirſute as that, but in every thing elſe very like it . The Flowers come at top ex alis foliorum. They are leſſer, as is alſo the Seed, both ſtanding in a ſmaller Calyx, and on a ſlenderer, as well as ſhorter Foot-Stalk. It grew in Jamaica. The The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 217 V. Malva afpera major aquatica, ex hortenfum feu roſearum genere, flore minore luteo, ſemine aculeato. Cat. p. 96. Tab. 137. Fig. I. This Plant riſes to about four Foot high, having one upright, ſtrong, round, green Stalk, with a very rough, or almoſt prickly hair on it, with Leaves and Branches coming out every Inch and half without any order. They are like thoſe of the Holyoks or Lappa minor, of a freſh green colour, ſmooth, almoſt round, being four Inches long, three and an half broad, an- gular, having two or three points, ſinuated, and indented about the edges, and ſtanding on large Inch long Foot-Stalks. Ex alis foliorum, on the ſame rough one quarter of an Inch long hairy Foot-Stalk, ſtand ſeveral Flowers, having each one green, ear'd, rough Leaf under it. The Flower is made up of five large yellow Petala, with yellow Stamina in the middle. After the Flowers follow five or ſeven triangular, whitiſh brown colour'd Seeds, be- ing pointed on the under part, and round in the upper, plac'd like thoſe of the Mallows, inclos'd in a ſmall Calyx, and having that card Leaf, formerly deſcribed with the Flowers, now turn'd brown, for their cover. It grows in watry places of the Savanna's, and by the River ſides in Ja- maica, and the Caribes. If this be that deſcribed by Piſo he us’d the Leaves of it in Clyfters, as the European Althea, and found no difference, Any body who peruſes the Deſcription of this Plant, and looks on its Figure, and compares them with the Figure of Althea abatili foliis, fručtu hiſpido Americana Pluken. Alm. p. 25. Phyt. Tab. 132. Fig. 5. will not (with Dr.Pløkenet. p. 1o. of his Mantiſſa) think they may be the fame. VI. Malva minor ſupina betonicæ folio, flore coccineo, feminibus aſperis. Cat. p. 96. Tab. 137. Fig. 2. This has a long whitiſh Root, very deeply fixed in the Ground, drawing Nouriſhment to the Plant by many fibres. The Stalks are round, tough, wooddy, whitiſh, and ſpread on the ſurface of the Earth, round the top of the Root, as from the ſame Center, for a Foot in Diameter. The Leaves come out along the Stalks here and there, though in greater abundance at the Stalks ends, ſeveral being there together. They ſtand on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are half an Inch long, and one quarter broad, ſerrated about the edges, and of a dark green colour. The Flowers come out of the ends of the Stalks three or four together, they are pentapetalous, and of a purpliſh red colour, and after theſe follow ſeveral Seeds, fet round a common Center, like thoſe of this Kind, included in ſome hairy capſular Leaves, each Seed being almoſt triangular, and having its outſide made rough with ſeveral ſmall whitiſh prickles. It grows in the dry places of the Town Savannas, and Flowers after Rains. The Deſcription and Figure of this Plant ſhew it to be very different from the Alcea pulilia lupina geranii exigui maritimi folio, &c. Pluken. Alm. p. 14, Phyt. Tab. 132. Fig. 4. old VII. Malva minor erecta betonica folio, flore luteo, ſemine deplici roftro Jeu aculeo prædito. Cat. p. 96. Malva Indica foliis fubrotundis. Tournef . Inft. p. 96. The Root of this is ſtronger, and every way larger than the former, the Branches more woody and erect, of a darker brown colour, riſing a Foot high, the Leaves are broader at bottom, deeplier ferrated, and for the moſt parc purple about the edges, fomething like Betony Leaves, the Flowers are of an Orange colour, but in every thing elſe it agrees with the former, Kkk having 2 1 8 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. having two prickles on the ends of the outermoft Coat of the Seeds, which lies like the others of this kind in a pentaphyllous Calyx. It grows with the precedent, and in the Caribes. ..81 The whole Plant boiled in water is Diuretick. The Root powdered, and taken with Pepper takes away the cold Fever, and from it is made an Oil. H. M. on nolo con brios VIII. Malva erecta minor, carpini folio, flore luteo, feminibus fingulis fimplici aculeo longiori donatis. Cat. p. 96. An Alcea Carpini folio Americana fruteſcens, floſculis luteis, ſemine duplici roſtro donato. Commelin. hort. Amft. p. 3? Malva ulmifolia ſemine roftrato. Tournef . El.p. 81. Inft.p. 96. The Roots of this are the ſame with the former, as are the Stalks. The Leaves have a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are deeplier ſerrated, larger, of a freſher green colour, and ſhap'd like the Leaves of the Horn- Beam-Tree, or Gooſeberries. The Flowers are yellow, and like the others, only larger. The Seeds are more in number, and each has a ſingle long prickle going out of one of its ends. It grows with the two foregoing Kinds, and in the Caribes. IX. Althæa flore luteo. Cat. p. 96. Tab. 136. Fig. 2. This grew to about three or four Foot high, the Stalks being round, rough, hoary, having ſeveral Branches beſet with Leaves cordated, or of the ſhape of a Heart, ferrated, ſomething like the Leaves of our Marſh- mallows, but rounder, without finuations. They ſtood on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, were very ſoft like Sattin, of a yellowiſh green colour. To- wards the top ex alis foliorum came the Flowers ſtanding in a green fat- tin'd pentaphyllous Capſula, being pentapetalous, and Orange colourd, as the other Althea, to which this is very like in Face, Stature, and other particulars. It grew on the ſandy Sea Banks, near Old Harbour very plentifully. This differs extreamly from the following Plant notwithſtanding Doctor Plukenet makes them the ſame in his Mantiſſa, p. 9. X. Malva Americana, abutili folio, flore luteo, ſpicato, foliis hirſutioribus & craffioribus. Herm. par. Bat. prod. Cat. fam.p. 97. I found this by the Road fides going to Guanaboa in Jamaica. Breynius had it from Curaçao. XI. Althea ſpicata, betonicæ folio villoh ſimo. Cat. p. 97. Tab. 138. Fig. 1.09 This riſes to about three Foot high with a woody Stalk, cornered, very rough, covered with a dark brown Bark, on which, towards the top, was much Wooll or Down. On this, at about an Inches diſtance from one ano- ther, come the Leaves alternatively, on oppoſite ſides of the Stalks ſtanding on onė third part of an Inch long very hairy Foot-Stalks, each of them being about an Inch and an half long, and about an Inch broad at round Baſe, where broadeſt, and whence they grew narrower to their round ends, being ſerrated about the edges, and covered all over with a long yellowiſh hair, making the Leaf look of a dirty green colour. Towards the top, ex alis foliorum, come out the Flowers which are plac'd like thoſe of the Planta Verticillatæ round the Stalk, or rather moſt on one ſide, each of them being incloſed at bottom by ſmall Leaves, rough, and very hairy, making W a Calyx. found it on Mount Diable in the middle of the Iſland, no povo Marbus bas toom) jo en el 9573) gnisd 343) guisd XII. Althea The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 219 XII. Althea ſpicata betonica folio, flore luteo, habitiori ſpicâ. Cat. p. 97. Tab. 138. Fig. 4. This has a three or four Inches long deep Root, ſending up a pale green Stalk two or three Foot high, branch'd out into ſeveral Branches, and Twigs which are beſet at three quarters of an Inches diſtance, with Leaves almoſt round, not ſo long as the precedent, ſtanding on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, They are an Inch and a quarter long, and three quarters of an Inch broad at roundiſh Baſe, where broadeſt, indented about the edges, of a pale green colour, and ſmooth. The tops of the Twigs and Branches for an Inches length, are thick ſet ſpike faſhion, wirb Orange colour'd Flowers ſtanding in five leaved Calyces, which are very hirſute. After them follow a great many brown Seeds, in ſituation, ſhape, &c. like thoſe of the other Mallows. Tis very common in clear'd, barren, rocky Lands. XIII. Abutilon arboreum ſpicatum, betonicæ folio incano, flore minore purpurea. Cat. p. 97. Tab. 138. Fig. 2, 3. An Althea Famaicenfis oblongo mucronato glauco folio profunde venofo margine undulato criſpo. Pluken. Alm. p.25? Tab. 259. Fig. 6? Vel Ricinus (fortè) althea folio Jamaicenfis glauco profunde venola margine undulato criſpo. Ejuſd. ib. Alm. p. 321 ? vel betonica arboreſcens Made- ralpatana villoſis foliis profunde venofis. Ejuſd. ib. Tab. 150? Fig. 5, 862 Vel. Althea Jamaicenſis, arborea, foliis oblongis mucronatis glabris floribus amane rubellis, Ejuſd. Tab. 259. Fig. 3? Malva vere crucis fruteſcens incana birſuta flore parvo cæruleo purpureo Herm. par. Bat. pr. p. 350. This Tree riſech to about ten Foor high, by a Trunc as big as ones Lég, covered with an almoſt ſmooth, reddiſh Bark. It has ſeveral Branches to wards the top, equally ſpread on every band, whoſe Twigs have at their ends ſeveral Leaves ſtanding on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are three quarters of an Inch long, one third part of an Inch broad, near the Baſe, where round and broadeſt, ſnipt about the edges and white, or of a very pale green colour, and pointed. Ex alis foliorum, on rhe tops of the Branches, ſtand ſeveral pentapetalous purple coloured Flowers fet racematim in Branches or Spikes, about yellow Stamina, in a few green Cap- ſular Leaves. After which follow Seeds in Heads juſt like thoſe of the Al- cea arborea, each Seed being lodged in a diſtinct Cell, five of theſe making up the Seed-Veſſel, each of the five being pointed, and having two Ale It grows in ſeveral wooddy places about the Town. There is a variety of this, which is larger in its Leaves, and not fo white above as below. extantes. p. 96 a XIV. Abutilon fruticoſum, foliis ſubrotundis ſerratis, floribus albis pentapes talis ad alas foliorum conglomeratis. Cat. P: 97. Tab. 135. Fig. 2: An Malva Americana, ulmifolia, floribus conglobatis ad foliorum alas. Plum. Tournef. Inft. This Shrub riſeth to about five Foot high, by a round Stem, covered with brown ſmooth Bark, it has ſeveral long Branches, having Leaves going out at uncertain intervals from the oppoſite ſides alternatively. They ſtand on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch and an half long, and half as broad, are round at the beginning, and broadeſt very near the Foot-Stalks end, and from thence grow leſs to the end. They are thin, of a very green colour, and have Ribs conſpicuous through the whole Leaf, ſmooth, and cut about the edges like Nettle Leaves. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, being ſeveral, ſtanding in a knot almoſt round the Stem, like thoſe 220 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. thoſe of verticillared Plants, without Foor-Stalks. They ſtand in a reddiſh Calyx, ars pentapetalous, and of a whitiſh colour. After theſe follow fear veral roundith Heads, each being made up of five Follicles or Cells, ſtand- ing cloſe by one another, in each of which is lodged a ſmall irregularly figur'd triangular black Seed. It grows round the Town amongſt the Savanna Buihes, and in the Caribes. This ſeems to be quite different from the Malva orientalis elatior, &c. Plukenet. I hyt. Tab. 44. Fig. 5. though the Doctor, p. 10. of his Mantiſſa thinks it may be the ſame. XV. Abutilon herbaceum procumbens, betonica folio, flore purpureo. Cat. p.97. Tab. 139. Fig. 1. This has wooddy, tough, round, red Stalks, two Foot long, fpread, and lying on all fides, on the ſurface of the Ground, having many Branches, ſer with very few Leaves, on one quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are an Irich long, one quarter of an Inch broad, at round Baſe, where broad- eft, and whence they diminiſh till they end in a point, being ſmoorh, a lic- tle indented about the edges, having ſeveral Veins on the backfide, and ſomewhat reſembling Betony Leaves. The Flowers ſtand on the ends of the Branches, they are purple with yellow Stamina in the middle, like thoſe of other Mallows. After each of theſe follows a five pointed pyramidal Capſula, in which are five Cells, in each of which lies a cornered, ſmall, brown Seed. grew in gravelly low Ground near Mr. Batchelor's Houſe. The Deſcription and Figure of this Plant fhew it to be very differer. from the Alcea pufilla fupina geranii exigui maritimi folio, &c. Plukenet Alm. p. 14. Phyt. Tab. 132. Fig. 4. though in p.6. of the Doctor's Mantiſfa he thinks it may be this. It XVI. Abutilo affinis arbor althee folio, cujus fraétus eft Ayli apex auctus, quatuor vel quinque filiquis hirſutis, funis ad inftar in fpiram convolutis, conftans. Cat.p. 97 This Tree is about fifteen Foot high, has a Trunc as large as ones Leg, a ſmooth white Bark, and is leaning or inclining towards the Ground. Its Leaves are two Inches and an half long, and one Inch and three quarters over from a round broad Baſe, ending in a point ſnipt, or ferrated about the edges, having ſeveral pretty high Ribs on its under ſide, being ſoft, of a yellowiſh green colour, downy, and like Althea Leaves. At the tops of the Branches come the Flowers, ſtanding in a rough green Calyx, they are white, ftanding like thoſe of the Digitales, only ſmaller, out of the Center of which comes a long Stylus or String, having a roundiſh hirſute Button at the end, which augments and becomes its Fruit, and conſiſts of four or five round, ſmall, brown Silique, Ropes, or rather long Follicles, hairy, dark brown colour'd, very hard wreath'd, or rolld fpirally one by another, and containing with- in them great plenty of round, brown Seed, which falls out of the end of each of chefe Pods, Follicles, or Ropes, which open themſelves for that purpoſe. It grows ncar Mr. Batchelor's Plantation, on the Red Hills“ every where on the Road to Guanabon, and other places of this Iſland. The Leaves are usd in Decoctions for Clyfters with Oil and Sale, as thoſe of Mallows. It ſeems rather to belong to this Tribe, than to the Siliquoſe one, be- cauſe the Follicles of Abutilon, differ only in fhape from thefe. fr The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 221 It has in the juice of the Root great vertues in the Empyema, and Sto- mach Diſeaſes. The Roor applied outwardly in Meaſles, Whitlows, and other ſuch like Diſeaſes, is very good. H. M. XVII. Alcea Arborea althee folio, florum petalis luteis, deorſum reflexis. Cat. p. 97. Tab. 140. Fig. 1, 2, 3. This Shrub or Tree riſes to ſeven or eight Foot high, the Stalks being co- vered with a whitiſh Bark, having Leaves alternatively, ſtanding on two Inches long white Foor-Stalks. They are an Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad near the Foot-Stalks end, or at Baſe, where broadeſt and round. The Nerves run through the Leaf from the Center of the Foot-Stalk. They are ſoft, and of a whitiſh brown colour, much whiter underneath than above, and like the Leaves of Marſh-mallows. The tops of the Branches are di- vided into ſeveral Stalks, fuſtaining each a yellow pentapetalous Flower, the Petala being bow'd back, ſeemingly not divided, having under them five green whitiſh, loft , capſular Leaves. After theſe follow Seeds lying in ſe veral flat, broad, compreſs d Follicles, ending ſharp, joined to one another, making up the ſame round Head, having many Cells, in every thing ex- actly like the others of this Kind, there lying in each of the Cells fome large, woolly, gray Seeds. It grows about Colonel Fuller's Houſe, on a ſmall rocky Hill near Black- River-Bride in St. Dorothy's. The Flowers of this are very yellow, and not at all purple, ſo that it cannot be (as Dr. Plukenet doubts in his Mantiſſa p. 10.) Althea betonicæ folio Villoſo floribus ex luteo purpurafcentibus deorfum reflexis ad oras Coromandel. XVIII. Alcea fruticoſa aquatica, folio cordato, ſcabro, flore pallide lateo. Cat. p. 97. Tab. 139. Fig. 2. This Shrub has Roots made up of ſeveral long, and very white fibrils like Thread, hanging down into the water or Earth. The Stalks or Stems are many, about the bigneſs of ones Finger, ſtraight, five Foot high, covered with a white ſmooth Bark. The Twigs are ſeveral, and ſet about, towards their ends, with cordated Leaves, ſtanding on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks. They are two inches long, and one and an half broad, near the round Baſe, where broadeſt, ending in a point, are indented here and there about the edges, of a yellowilh green colour, harſh, and having Veins going from the Center of the Foot-Stalk through the Leaf. The Flowers ſtand ſpike-faſhion, ſet round on the tops of the Branches, for four inches of their length, each being half an Inch diſtant from another, and ſtanding on three quarters of an Inch long Foor-Stalk, having five pale yellow, half an Inch long Petala, with purple Veins, a large Peſtle like Stylus, with Stamina on it, all within five green capſular Leaves, under which are twice as many more, very narrow Leaves, of the ſame make. The Seeds follow, being five, contained each in his Cell. The Capſula is large, five cornered, roundiſh, having at every corner an obtuſe Apex, as in ſome others of this Kind. It grows on each ſide of the Salt River, in Cabbage-Tree-Bottom very plentifully, and in ſome places on the Freſh River going up to the Laguna. Any perſon who compares the Deſcription and Figure of this, with that of Althea Indica latiori folio cordiformi ad fummum finuato Pluken. Alm. p. 26. Phyt. Tab.9. Fig. 2. will find them very different, though the Doctor, p. 10. of his Mantiffa, thinks they may be the fame. L11 XIX. Alces 222 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. to XIX: Alcea populi folio incano integro. Cat. p. 98. Tab. 139. Fig. 3, Alcea Jamaicenſis, abutili facie, floribus exiguis flavis, folio vix crenato, prona parte molli do tenuiſſima lanugine caneſcente. Pluken. Alm. p. 17. Phyt . Tab. 254. Fig.5. This has a brown, wooddy, branched Root, a round, wooddy, ſmooth, brown Stalk, three Foot high, from whence come ſeveral Branches, having towards their ends Leaves and Flowers ex eorum ala. The Leaves ſtand on one quarter of an Inch long Foor-Stalks, are extremely white, and foft with Down, an Inch and an half long, and half as broad at the round Baſe, where broadeſt, and whence they diminiſh till they end in a point. The Flowers ſtand on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are pentaperalous, and of an Orange colour. After each of theſe follows a Seed-Veſſel, made up of five parts, like to theſe of Fraxinella, in each of which are contained Seeds, very like the Seeds or Acini of Grapes, which leap out of the open'd Capſule by the Suns heat. It grows every where in the Savanna's. 0001 There is a variety of this having the Leaf longer, broader at Baſe, not ſo woolly on the upperfide, and fewer Flowers, growing indifferently with the precedent. XX. Alcca populi folio villoſo, leviter ferrato. Cat. p. 98. Tab.139. Fig. 4. This has many green round Stems, riſing two or three Foot high, having fe- veral Twigs, on the ends of which are two or three Leaves, ſtanding on near an Inch long green Foot-Stalks. They are near an Inch long, and half as broad ar round Baſe, where broadeſt, of a green colour, ſoft, hoary, ſinuated, and ſnipt about the edges, ending in a point, having ſeveral Veins running through it from the end of the Foot-Stalk, and ſome from the middle Rib. Ex alis foliorum comes the Flower, ſtanding on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalk. It ſtands in a pentaphyllous Calyx, is pentapétalous, Orange colour'd, and after it follows a fix cornered Seed-Veſlel, firſt green, and then brown, or rather ſo many Follicles lying by one another, and in- cloſing the Seed like the Abutila. It grows in ſeveral places of this Iſland. XXI. Alcea maxima, malve roſex folio, fructu pentagono, recurvo, eſculento, graciliore di longiore. Cat. p. 98. Tab. 133. Fig. 2. Alcea Indica Quigonebo do Ochroa dida, filiquis prelongis planis quinquefariam diviſis, ex infula Barbadenj. Pluken. Alm. p. 16. An Ketmia Ægyptiaca, vitis folio, parvo flore. Tournef. El . p.83? Int. p. 100 ? vel An Ketmia Indica vitis folio, fructu corniculato. Ej. ib. Bammia Calceolar. Muf. p. 520 ? Ocra. This has a round green Stem, which riſes ſtraight up to ten or twelve Foot high, being here and there divided into Branches, which are beſet with- out any order, at about an Inches diſtance, with Leaves ſtanding on ſeven Inches long Foot-Stalks, each whereof is divided by deep Lacinia into five Sections or Diviſions, being fix Inches long from the Foot-Stalks end, to the end of that diviſion oppoſite to it, or in the middle, which is the largeſt, and four broad at Baſe, from Ear to Ear. They are ſomewhat rough, of a dark green colour, beſet with ſhort inoffenſive Prickles, having five middle Ribs, taking beginning from the Foot-Stalks end, and running through every of the five diviſions, being proportionably large to their bigneſs, and the whole Leaf reſembling thoſe of our Holyokes. The Leaves when they fall off leave a white knob on the Stalk. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, ſtand- ing on an eighth part of an Inch'long Foot-Stalk, having nine Inches and an half long, narrow, hoary Capſular Leaves, and one large green one, ſtand- ing about a round, ſmooth, green knob. The Petala are five, large as thoſe of The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 223 of a Roſe, yellow, with a purple bottom, in the middle of which is an half Inch long Stylus of the ſame colour, rough, and having a purple ſpor on its top. After theſe follows a three Inches long, crooked, green Pyramidal Pod, nor fo big at bottom as ones thumb, having five Ridges or Eminencies to- wards the top, a little rough, when ripe growing brown, and containing in ten ſeveral Cells, ſo many rows of Seeds, each of which is of the ſhape, &c. of Mallows, only much larger. I ſee no reaſon why I might not have doubted in my Catalogue of Jamaica Plants, whether this was not taken notice of by Writers before me, notwith- ſtanding what is ſaid by Dr. Plukenet in his Mantißa, p: 7. XXII. Alcea maxima, malva roſea folio, fructu decagono, recto, craſſiore, bres viore, eſculento. Cat. p.98. Tab. 133. Fig. 3. Alcea Braſiliana fručtu maximo pyramidali ſulcato. Plukenet. Alm. p. 16. An filiqua magna decagona ſeu multia capſularis althee finenſis. Moriſ . Fig? Alcea Americana annua, flore albo maximo fructu maximo pyramidali . Commel. hort. Amft.p. 37. This is the ſame in every thing with the former, only the Stalks of it are not ſo green, being reddiſh. The Pod is not over two Inches long, and at botcom, being pyramidal, is of an Inch Diameter, and has ten ridges on its furface, containing, in a great many Cells, Seeds like the former. If this be not the ſame, 'tis very near to the Atlatzopillin five aquoſa herba appenſa of Hernandez. WO They are both (viz. the former and this) very carefully planted by Euro- peans, as well as Slaves in their Gardens, and the unripe Pods, which are in uſe, are common in Markets. The Pods of both are gathered when green, and before ripe, and being cut into thin tranſverſe Nices are boild with Pottages, Oglio's, and Pepper Pots, and are thought to be extreamly Nouriſhing, and very Venereal, be- ing very viſcous or mucilaginous. They are ſo uſed in Egypt, as ſays Veflingius. by The Leaves are us’d after the fame manner, for the ſame purpoſes. The tender Fruit is boil'd, and eat with Oil, Salt, and Pepper. Marcgr. The Egyptians uſe the Seeds as Beans, Peaſe, and other Legumina, in Vi- Atuals. The Leaves and Fruit are cold and moiſt in the firſt Degree, re- ſolving and emollient, they are good for the Breaſt and Lungs, and loofning to the Belly, applied as a Fomentation or Plaiſter. They reſolve Inflammations, eaſe Pains, ſoften Tumours, ripening them, Women uſe them the ſame ways, and in Baths for hardneſs of the Uterus. A Decoction with white Sugar, taken by the Mouth is very good in Inflammation of the Kidnies and Stone, uſed for fome days. It is good in Decoction againſt Ophthalmia, uſed as a Collyrium, and with it in Pleuriſies they foment the affected Side. Alp. It is uſed to promote Venery Caſalp. It came from Ethiopia, or the Cape of Good Hope. Cluſ. XXIII. Alcea hirſuta flavo flore e femine moſchato. Marcgr. Cat. p.98. This is well deſcrib'd and figur’d by Piſo, and is to be found in every Plantation, every Seed dropt thriving very well in any Soil, eſpecially ſtony. It is much more finuated than that of C. B. &c. in the Leaves. The Seeds are gathered by Children, and made into Beads, being coveted becauſe of their ſmell. risch Drugſters uſually adulterate Musk with theſe, which Sophiſtication is known by its ſmall continuance. The Leaves are uſed as thoſe of Mallows in Fomentations and Clyſters, being of the ſame quality, Piſo. Young, green Locuſts, covet theſe young Leaves very much. Marcgr. Todas egtel pari onsulate or dom oog doon soal 20 The 224 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. The Seed is counted Cordial, and powdered with Coffee, is good for the Stomach, Head and Heart, Vefling, and is therefore given in Palpitations of the Heart, powdered to a Dram. Alp. It is in great price, and uſed by the Egyptian Women in Baths, but te what purpoſe they will not reveal to Chriſtians. Bell. ap. J. B. The Confectioners in France uſe the Seed to give a good ſmell to their Comfits. Tertre. XXIV. Alcea acetofa, trifido folio Indie orientalis. Breyn. prod. Cat. p. 99. Alcea Acetofa Indica golypii folio pericarpio coccinei coloris, capſici fliquam erum lante. Plukenet. Alm. p. 15. An ſair Indorum Oxalis Cannabina fruticoſa fructus coccineo coronato. Triumf. M.SS. Cupan. Hort. Cathol. p. 194. Ketmia Indica, golypii folio, acetofa ſapore. Tournef. Inft. p. 100. French Sorrel. This riſes higher than a Man, it has a thick round Stalk, covered with a red Bark, with a Pith within it, and a great number of Branches coming out on all ſides, without any order, three or four Foot long, having Leaves ſtanding on red, Inch long Foot-Stalks, being about three Inches long, and two broad at the Baſe, and divided into three great Lacinia, each of which has a Rib going from the Center through the Leaf, which are all red, they are alſo indented, about the edges green, the whole Plant having a fowr taſt like Sorrel, whence the name. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers ſtand- ing on ſhort Foot-Stalks, of a greeniſh yellow colour, with purple in the bottom, large, and pentaperalous, with Stylus and Stamina, as in this Kind, ſtanding within five Capſular, red, ſmall, long Leaves, incloſed by twice as many narrower of the ſame fort, being very red and thick. When the Flowers fall off there follows a membranaceous, oblong, round, five cor- nered, pointed, ſharp Capſula, in which are five Cells, containing ſo many rows of roundiſh, compreſs'd, light, brown Seeds, like thoſe of Mallows, only much larger. It is planted in moſt Gardens of this Iſland. The Capſular Leaves are made uſe of for making Tarts, Gellies, and Wine, to be uſed in Fevers, and hot Diſtempers, to allay Heat, and quench Thirſt. The Roor given to two Drams, purges caſily the Stomach and Guts. Hernandez. Whoſe Deſcription agrees, the Stature excepted, but his Figure is very faulty. The firſt Leaves are ſometimes whole, commonly divided into three Laci- nie, and ſometimes like Elleboraftrum, into ſeven Sections. The Leaves either alone, or boiled with other Herbs, are caten by Ina dians. The Stalks are, as Hemp with us, ſpun into Ropes and Yarn, therefore ſet in their Fields and Gardens. Herm. XXV. Caryophyllata foliis alatis. Cat. p. 99. Caryophyllata Campeſtris elatior Braſiliana foliis acuminatis. Pluk. Almag. p. 87. This is well deſcrib'd and figurd by Pifo, ſo that there needs no more be laid of it, but that 'tis very common in the Woods of this Iland. It is very Hot and Dry, it attenuates, Cuts, Cleanſes and is Adſtringent, and therefore is not only good to corroborate the Bowels, but likewiſe to cut tough Humours. Piſo. СНАР, The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 225 CHAP. XV. Of Herbs that are Bacciferous or Pomiferous. С C I. Ucurbita longa folio melli, flore albo. J. B. Cat. p. 100. C curbita longa. Muf. Swamm. p. 13. Gourds, whereof they make Conſerves of an Anonymus Portugal of Braſile, Purchas, lib. 7. cap. I. p. 139, The ſweet Gourd. I could not obſerve any difference between the Plant I ſaw here in Gardens, and thoſe in Europe, only they ſeem'd to be larger, and had a whitiſh Skin, which is only, I ſuppoſe, an accidental variety. It was planted by Mrs Aylmer in her Garden at Guanaboa. The Pulp of this is edible and cooling, whereas that of moſt of the other Gourds growing here is very purgative. This is what the Jews, Spaniards, and Portugueſe make into Sweet Meats, in the Iſland of Madera and elſewhere. If crude it is not grateful to the Stomach. Applied to the Head by way of Poulteſs, it cures inflammations of the Eyes, and pains thereof. The Seeds are Diuretick and made into Emulſi- ons temper the Urin, taking off its Acrimony. Bodaus à Stapel tells us that he had one of theſe Gourds which came from Indian Seed, as large as a Human Body. This is cut into long ſlices, and candied with Sugar by the Spaniards and Portugueſe, and ſent into the North to ſell, it is calld Carbalade, and is very delightful to Dry or Feveriſh People. Lob. The Seed of this is one of the four greater cold Seeds. It is car with Onions boild after the manner of Coleworts, being good for Lean People. The diſtilled Water is good in Fevers. Lon. Children in Fevers are cured, if one of theſe, as long as themſelves, be put to Bed to them. Dod. Being of no taſt they imbibe any. Lac. The long, round, and compreſs'd Gourds come of the fame Seed from different parts of the Fruit. Durant. II. Cucurbita ſpherica maxima. Cat. p. 100. The largeſt round Gourd. In Leaves, &c. it agrees with the white, long, ſweer Gourd, only the Shell is yellow, or Cinamon coloured, hard, fmooth, fhining, having a bit- ter Pulp within it, and ſmaller and darker coloured Seeds. One of them is able to contain many Gallons of Melaffus, &c. for which they are us'd inſtead of Bottles. The Shell gives a purging quality to any thing infuſed in it for ſome times. They are planted on ftony Hills. They are ſo large, that cut in two they make Panniers to carry any thing in. Acofta. And others are leſſer for eating and drinking in. III. Cucurbite tertia ſeu lagenaria, flore albo, folio molli. C. B. Cat. p. 100. An Kabach, cucurbita lagenaria Herbar. Olear. p. 231 ? This grows with the former likewiſe. This is fallly taken for Colocynthis though it Purges, and gives that qua- lity to any Liquor ſtanding in its Shell. M mm The 226 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. The Genoveſe cut them into long ſlices, dry them in the Sun, keeping them ſweet with a little Sugar. Lugd. IV. Cucurbita lagenaria minima, collo longo recurvo. Cat. p. 101. Tab. 146. Fig. 3. This is like the others, only the round part is no bigger than a Tennis Ball, the Neck being four Inches long and crooked. V. Cucurbita lagenaria, longa, maxima, recurva. Cat. p. Ior. This istwo or three Foor long, round, about four Inches Diameter, ſmalleſt at both ends, and crooked. This and the former are planted as the others. VI. Cucurbita lagenaria, longa, re&ta, minor. Cat. p. 101. Tab. 141. Fig. 2. This is juſt like the others in every thing. The Fruit is Pyramidal or Oval, fix Inches long, and two in Diameter, very round and polith'd. They are made into Bottles and carried abour for Dram Bottles in ones Pocker. Gourds are lighter, and not ſo brittle as Glaſs, wherefore covered to carry Wine and other Liquors in, in France, Spain, and Italy. Lobi VII. Pepo maximus Indicus compreffus. Lob. Obf. Cat. p. 101. Melo pepo fructu maximo, albo. Tournef. Inft . p. 106. Pompions. They are commonly planted here in moſt Gardens, both by Poor and Rich, and the Fruit being boild as Turneps, are very favoury and cooling. The juice, with a little Mufchat, takes away weakneſs. H. M. Marco Polo tells us, thoſe in Sapurgau are the beſt Pompions in the World, being ſweet like Honey. Purchas, lib. 1. p. 73. VIII. Anguria prima, Citrullus dicta. C. B. Cat. p. 101. Anguria Indica Jeu melo aquaticus. Tournef. El. p. 89. Melo facharinus angurie folio, Virginia- mus, fruétu magno cortice viridi, carne liquefcenti albo vel incarnato. Plukenet. Alm. p. 247. Baniſt. Cat. Stirp. Virg. An cucumis peregrinus major ſativus, angu- rie foliis horto Comptoniano è ſemine natus. Pluk. Alm. p. 123. Uva of Ogilly America. P. 313. Water-Melons of Dampier. cap. 10. This is commonly planted here, and is of two forts, that with whitiſh green, and that with red Pulp, the Seeds of the latter being red, thoſe of the firſt black, They are uſed here by way of deſert, are very much commended and every where planted, eſpecially in dry, fandy, or rocky Grounds. They are Diuretick, counted very good in Fevers, extremely good againſt hot Li- vers, and Kidnies, very cooling, and therefore often eat with Wine. The Seeds are us’d for Emulſions, and provoke to Sleep. It grows better if Dung be mixed with the Sand, where it is planted Marcgr. Gerard ſeems very much deceived, when in his Figure and Deſcription, this is ſulcated or furrow'd, which it is not. Hieronimo de Lobos tells us, in his Relation of the River Nile, &c. that about the Red Sea, were the beſt he ever taſted. Theſe Melons are much wholeſomer than ours at Paris, raiſed by Dung and Water. Thevet. They beget bad and venemous Humours, bringing Autumnal Fevers, they are of bad Digeſtion, wherefore not us'd as Meat. Dorftein. Nicolai ſays they grow about Argiers, and are there caren, being very cooling Cafala The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 227 Caſalpinus mentions two ſorts of this Melon, ſaying caro interna aliis cana dida, aliis rubens, and that the latter is the beſt, he takes likewiſe notice of the Seed, that 'tis colore Nigro, aut rubente aut fulvo. The Pulp next the Bark is the leſs fapid. Caſalp. In Alexandria they make holes in the outward fides of this Fruit, and draw out the Liquor, and fell Glaſſes of it to thoſe who are hot. Id. The unripe Fruit kept in a heap of Wheat ripens. Lugd. Who mentions one reddiſh Semine ex Afia miſſo. The Seed of the Indian is larger and ſmoother. 7. B. The Seed from New-York, called Maracock, proved on fowing to be this. Laet. IX. Cucumis anguria folio latiore, afpero, fructu minore candido Spinulis obtufis muricato. Cat. p. 103. Anguria Americana, fructu echinato eduli. Tournef. Inft. p.107. This has a deep, white, oblong Root, fending forth feveral long, trailing Branches. The Stalks are four-ſquare, and rough, five or ſix Foor long, at about every four Inches diſtance of which come out the Leaves, Clavicles, and Flowers. The Leaves are divided into five Sections, they are curled, finuated, and rough, the undermoſt, or Sections at Baſe, being ſmalleſt eve- ry way. The fifth Section is three Inches long, and has two notches in it, Their Foot-Stalks are four Inches long, and rough. Ex alis foliorum come the Clavicles, which are an inch long, from thence alſo come the Flowers, ſeveral on two Inch long Foot-Stalks, which are yellow, monopetalous, their ore being divided into five Sections. The Fruit is of a pale green colour, Oval, as big as a Walnut, having many ſhort, blunt, thick Tubercles, ſharper than thoſe of other Cucumbers, and within a Pulp, a great many fmall Seeds, like thoſe of other Cucumbers. It grows every where about the Town, and in moſt Plantations, as well as in the Caribes. This Fruit is eaten very greedily by Sheep, and all manner of Cartle, and they are thought to thrive extremely by feeding on them The Fruit is likewiſe eat in lieu of our European Cucumbers, are very cooling, and equal, if not exceed them in every thing. Piſo in his firſt Edition ſays nothing of this, and Marcgrave mentions ir, whereby Piſo takes occaſion in his ſecond Edition to ſpeak of it, and rea- fons upon it out of his own imagination, for the Fruit of this is no way like that of our Cucumis aſininus, neither is it bitter, or yields any thing like elaterium, but is very much coveted, and eaten by Cattle of all forts, and Men themſelves, whence one may make a conjecture concerning ſeveral things of that Author, that they were his own conjectures, or the product of his own Brain, rather than his own Experience, or that of others. The Leaves of this in Jamaica are rough, whatever Dr. Plukenet may have found in Engliſh Gardens, or ſay to the contrary, p. 59. of his Mantifja. X. Cucumis minima fructu ovali nigro lavi. Cat. p. 103. Tab. 142. Fig. r. Bryonia Canadenſis, folio angulato, fručtu nigro. Tournef. Inſt. p. 102. Cucumis fructu minimo, viridi, ad maturitatem producto nigricante. Plukenet. Alm. p. 123. An bryonia alba lævis Americana cortice albo nitente; forte Iztaczazalic Mexicen- fibus feu herba glutinoſa & candens. Hernandez apud Reccum, lib. 8. f. 283. Pluk. Alm. p. 71. Phytogr. Tab, 272. Fig. 3? This Cucumber has a very ſlender Stalk, which mounts by its Clavicles, or runs along the Ground for five or ſix Foot in length, catching hold of any thing it comes near. The Leaves, Flowers, and Clavicles, come out here and there together. The Lcaves ſtand on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are of a roundish 228 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. roundiſh triangular ſhape, a little auriculated, being an Inch and an half from Ear to Ear, and as much from the Foot-Stalks end, to the point or end of the Leaf oppoſite to it. They are rough and harſh to the touch, ſomething finuated and indented a little about the edges, and of a dark green co- lour. The Clavicles are very tender. The Flowers ſtand on a ſmall Inch long Foot-Stalk, are yellow, monopetalous, though at the Ore divided into five Sections. The Fruit is of the ſhape of a Nutmeg, or Oval, though not ſo big as an ordinary red Gooſeberry, ſmooth, blackiſh when ripe, and full of ſmall white Seed, like that of other Cucumbers, lodged in a thin in- fipid cooling Pulp. It grows in clear'd low Grounds, by Hedges and Ditches. The Fruit is eaten either pickled as unripe Cucumbers uſe to be, and are good, or when fully ripe, and are thought extremely cooling. XI. Colocynthis bryonie alba folio, in quinque lacinias dentat as profunde ſecto, afpero, cathartico. Cat . p. 103. Tab. 142. Fig. 2. Belly-ach-weed. The Root of this was whitiſh, oblong, and deep, having ſeveral Stalks creeping along on the Ground, which at about two or three Inches diſtance ſend out Leaves and Clavicles. The Foot-Stalks of the Leaves were two Inches long, the Leaf its ſelf being ſmaller than others of this Kind, rounder, and more deeply cur in on the edges. It is always divided into five Sections, the Section oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk being three Inches long, which is much longer than the two Sections next it, and they than thoſe ac Baſe. Each of the Sections had one middle Rib, and was jagged without any order. It was rough on its ſurface, and of a yellowiſh green colour. Its Clavicles were not very long, but caught hold of the Stones it came near, and would creep a great many Feet from its Root. It grew at Mr. Abraham's Plantation in the Northſide of the Tand, up- on ſome ſtony Hills, near the place called Ocho Rios, corruptly Chireros By what I ſaw, I queſtion not but this is a Colocynthis, although I ſaw neither Flower nor Fruit, neither could any inform me any thing about them. This is counted an extraordinary Medicine againſt the Belly-ach They take a handful of the Leaves, boil them in water, and give the Decoction, which uſually Vomits and Purges, but more certainly the firſt. It is accounted a very good Remedy againſt the Dropſie, and is taken the fame way It is alſo uſed for the ſame purpoſes in Clyſters. XII. Cucumis puniceus. Cord. hiſt. Cat. p. 103. Momordica vulgaris. Tournef. El.p. 86. Inft. p. 103. This is very much usºd for the Belly-ach. The Leaves are accounted very vulnerary as well as the Fruit, and both taken inwardly, or their Oil outwardly applied are thought to eaſe Pains, and cure the Colick. It conſolidares Wounds, and eaſes pain of bad natured Ulcers, the Fruit being beaten and boiled in Oil. The Fruit is calld Charantia, for being like a Lemon. Lob. If an Ear be cut off of a black Horſe, and faſtened to that of a white Horſe, likewiſe cut off, they will be healed with this Oil; but I am not cer- tain thar 'tis fo. Trag. The Oil cures Burns, and takes away Scars. Dod. The Oil of the Seed is commended by ſome for the beſt Remedy. Camp. XIII. Flos The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 229 XIII. Flos pafſionis major pentaphy!lus. Cat. p. 104. An Paſſiflora foliis lati- oribus citius florens. Pluk. Alm. p.281? Clematis paſſiflora pentaphylla, angufti- folia. Munt, p.53 ? Tab. 165? Flos pafiionis pentaphyllus möjor, auguſtifolius Jemper virens. D. Kiggalaer. ib ? This has a green, almoſt round Stalk, about the bigneſs of a Gooſe-Quill, mounting about any Tree ic comes near, to twenty (ſometimes more or leſs) Feet high, at every two inches diſtance, putting forth Leaves, Clavicles and Flowers. The Leaves ſtand on an half Inch long, crooked, green Foot-Stalks, being divided even almoſt to the Foot-Stalks end, into five very long, and narrow Sections, that in the middle, which is oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, is the longeſt and narrowelt, being three Inches long, and about tliree quarters of an Inch broad, every Section having one middle, and ſome tranſverſe Ribs of a dark green colour, and ſmooth. Thoſe Sections at Bafe are a little ear'd, and the whole Sections are entire and not ferrated. Oppoſite to the Leaf is the Clavicle two or three Inches long, and taking hold of any thing it comes The Flower comes out in the middle between both, and Itands on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, is very large, and of the ſame make with others of this Kind. It grows in the Woods going from the Town to Guanaboa. Piſo commends the Fruit of this in hot Diſeaſes, to cool and be uſed inſtead of Currans or Berberis. The firſt of theſe was eaten in New-Spain, being thought cooling, and they have in their Flowers, if one be aided by Piety, the Figures of the In- ſtruments of the Paſſion. The Fruit is not Savory to thoſe who eat it at firſt. Tertre. The Fruit is good in Fevers for the Spirits and Appetite, and is pleaſant, and without nauſeouſneſs in thoſe uſing it. Rochef. The Rind and Flowers are preſerv'd likewiſe, and us'd as the Fruit. Rochef. near. XIV. Flos paffionis folio hederaceo anguloſo, fætido. Cat. p. 104. Flos paſion nis al us reticulatus Herm. par. Bat. p. 273. This has a round woolly Stalk at every Inches interval, fending forth pretty ſtrong Clavicles, and reaching many paces in length. The Leaf bas two Ears, or is three-pointed like Ivy Leaves, downy and ſoft, like thoſe of Althea, and of a very rank and offenſive ſmell. The Flower is like a- thers of this Kind, of the ſame colour with the ordinary. After theſe fuc- ceeds a round, hollow, reddiſh Fruit, in the Cavity of which are Seeds, ſticking to the inſide in rows, each Seed being incloſed in a white Skin, and the Fruit having a Fringe, Filament, or Leaves under it, like the Seed-Vef- fel of Nigella Romana. It grows in Gullies near Mr. Elletfon's in Liguanee, Colonel Crem's in St. Dorothies, the Banks of the Rio Cobre below the Town, and in ſeveral other places of this Iſland very plentifully. It flowers in May. XV. Flos paſſionis, folii mediâ lacinia quaſı abſciſsa, flore minore, carneo. Cat. p. 104. Granadilla flore ſuaverubente, folio bicorni. Tournef . El. p. 206. Inſt. p. 241. Paſiflora Americana flore ſuaverubente folio bicorni. Pluken. Mantiſ. P. 146. The Stalk of this plant is ftriated, rediſh green coloured, and mounts very high by its Clavicles about any Tree near it, or creeps along the Ground, covering it for ſome conſiderable breadth, putting forth alterna- tively Leaves, Clavicles, and Flowers. The Leaves are large, of a whitiſh green colour, having two points, and as it were a want or defect in room Nnn of 230 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica of the third, as if one liad by Art cue of the third point, reſembling in this the Leaves of the Tulip-Tree, or the Acetoſa rotundifolia repens Eboracenſis fom lio in medio deliquium patiente Moriſ . The Clavicles are ſtrong, and the Flowers very ſmall, of a pale red, or fleſh colour, in every thing elſe like the others of this kind. The Fruit is oval, having fix red Lines on it, and contains feveral, long, black Seeds, each of which is incloſed in a white * mucilaginous membrane, and plac'd as the others of this Kind. All the parts of this Plant are without ſmell. It grows on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, about, and below the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, and elſewhere very plentifully. XVI. Flos Pafíonis perfoliatus, five periclymeni perfoliati folio. Cat. p. 104. Tab. 142. Fig. 3,4. This Paſſion Flower has a round, purple Stalk, which has at every two Inches diſtance, as it were two Leaves join'd together on one ſide by a Seam, on the other between two Ears, it comprehends or catches hold of the Stalk, and ſeems to be perfoliated like the French Honyſuccle. Each Section or Leaf is two Inches long, very ſmooth, one Inch broad at Baſe where broadeſt, having one Rib from Baſe to end. Both Sections or Leaves are join'd to the Stalk by a fhort, thick, crooked Foot-Stalk. Out of the Ala of this comes a pretty long Clavicle, which catches hold of any thing near it, ſo riſing or creeping as the others of this Kind. The Leaves come out alternatively on each fide of the Stem, where are the Flowers towards the top of the Stalk, having an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are purple in colour, made up of five large, and as many narrow Petala, of about an Inches length, ſtanding horizontally. It has ſome ſtrong, green Filaments, with orange colour'd tops, and a green Stylus, every way like the other Paſſion Flowers. It grew in a wooddy, rocky Mountains fide in Liguanee, near Mr. Ellet ſon's Plantation. This is not the Paſſiflora ſcaphoides, &c. Plaken. Alm. p. 282: being nei- ther that deſcrib'd by Plumier, nor Hernandez, mention'd by him in thar place. XVII. Flos paſſionis minor, folio in tres lacinias non ferrat as profundiùs diviſo, flore luteo. Cat. p. 104. Flos paffionis trifido folio, flore minimo pentapetalo via ridi, fructu minimo, nigro, molli . Breyn. prod. 2. p. 47. Flos paffionis flored fructu omnium minimis . Par. Bat. p. 177. Granadilla folio amplo tricuſpidi, fructus olive formâ. Tournef. El. p. 206. Inft. p. 240. This has a three or four Inches long black Roor, about the bigneſs of ones little Finger, throwing into the Ground ſeveral long Threads or Strings very deep. From the top of the Roor, are fcattered on the furface of the Ground, or climbing any Plant for four or five Foot high, ſeveral round, green, tough Stalks, beſet alternatively at an Inches diſtance with Leaves ſet on one third part of an Inches long Foot-Stalk, being an Inch and a quarter long, and about an Inch from the end of one diviſion at Baſe, to that of the other, be- ing divided into three parts or Sections, cut even almoſt to the Foot-Stalk, each of the diviſions having Ribs from the Foot-Stalk. They are of a dark green ſhining colour, and ſmooth. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, they Itand on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are very tender, and of a greeniſh yellow colour, in every thing reſembling thoſe of the other Paſſion Flowers, and after them follows the Fruit, in every thing like the others of this Kind, only ſmaller. von bid It grows in all the rocky Banks and Sides of Hills in this Iſland. Ron 20 adgits and AND I SohbA This The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 231 This is not the Flos paffionis folio anguſto, fore amplo decapetalo, &c. of Breynius prod. 2. p. 47, as I once queſtion'd, but is mentioned by that Au- thor by the name above recited. This is the Clematitis Indica folio hede- raceo, &c, Plum, notwithſtanding Dr. Plukenet's contrary Opinion, p. 146. of his Mantiffa. XVIII. Flos pafionis minor, folio in tres lacinias non ſerratas, minus profuna das, diviſo. Cat. p. 104. Paſſiflora hepatica nobilis folio parvo non crenato, flore ex luteo viridante . Pluk. Alm. p. 282. Granadilla pumila, flore parvo, luteo, Alexandri Balam. Geo. à Turre. Cat. p.55. An Clematis ſeu flos paffionis flore luteo, Murucuja Mexicana. Bellucc. hort. Pif . p. 18: Alia Murucuje Species Marcgr. p.72 ? Alia Murucujie ſpecies foliis hedere ſcandentis. Raii. hiſt. p.656 ? Clematitis ſeu flos paffionis flore viridi. Hort. Reg. Pariſ. p.53 ? Clematis pal- honis bedera folio 'floribus parvis herbaceis, fructu minimo quando maturus nigro. D. Baniſt. apud Raium, hift. pl. app. p. 1874 This is in every thing the ſame with the precedent, only the Leaves are not fo deeply divided, the end of the Leaf having only two great notches, or defects for diviſions. It grows on the rocky Banks or Hills, every where through the Iſland. XIX. Smilax afpera, fructu nigro, radice nodosa, magna, lævi, farinacea, Chi- na dietá. Cat. p. 105. Tab. 143. Fig. I. An (milax vitieulis aſperis Virginia ana foliis anguſtis lavibus nullis auriculis prædita, Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 110. Fig.4. Alm. p. 349 ? China Root of Dampier, cap. 15. This has a Root as big as the thickeſt part of ones Leg, though ſome- times it be no bigger than ones Wriſt, having ſeveral ſwellings, being crooked and jointed, having ſome ſhort membranes here and there, and a thin red- diſh brown Skin, within which is a friable light red coloured ſubſtance, more mealy than fibrous, yielding a reddiſh tincture to water. The Stalk is round, as thick as ones little Finger, very thick ſet with ſhort and ſharp prickles green, turning its ſelf round any Tree or Plant it comes near, and riſing with their help to fifteen Foot high, putting forth Leaves, the lowermoſt of which are very like thoſe of the Smilax afpera, being!cordared, ſmooth, of a very dark green colour, with Nerves running through the Leaves like thoſe of Plantain. The Twigs go out towards the ends of the Branches, having here and there Leaves, ſmaller, narrower, and thicker fer than the others which are on the Stalk, not fo broad at Baſe, and in greater numbers. The Flowers come out on the ends of the Twigs being ſeveral together, ſtanding on an half Inch long Petiolt, taking their Original from the ſame common Center, umbel-faſhion, each of which has fix Petala, or very fmall and green Apices, ſtanding round a green, ſhort Stylus. After theſe follow ſo many blackiſh Berries, being round, of the bigneſs of thoſe of Ivy, containing, within an unſavoury purple Pulp, one round purple Stone, as big as that of Haws. It grows on the red Hills very copiouſly, the moiſter the ground is where- in it grows the greater the Roots, and the worſe to be cured. The Leaves of this are both ear'd and long, ſo that I doubt concerning it, whither it may not be the ſame with both Dr. Plukenet's mention'd here, and in my Catalogue. 'Twas firſt known in the Eaſt-Indies from China, in 1535. Lugd. This is uſed for China Roots, and yields a much deeper Tincture than that fof the Eaſt-Indies, whence I think it much better for the purpoſes to which it is employed, than that which is Worm eaten coming from China, although Piſo ſeems to be of another mind. It yields a Gum called Tziteli, which the Indians chaw to ſtrengthen the Teeth. The Decoction is good againſt Chronical Diftempers, againſt the French Pox. Oriental China has a lighter, not fo firm, tenderer, and leſs Adſtringent 232 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Adſtringent Root, and yet this kind does the ſame with it, Sarfa or Guajacum, if the ſame methods are followed. It is Cold, Dry, and Adſtringent, bro bitteriſh, and of ſubtle parts, ſtrengthening the Stomach, expelling Wind, voiding by the Pores Melancholick Humours and Flegm, which eludes other Medicines, thereby giving eaſe. Hernand. In the Eaſt-Indies they us'd China very much for the cure of Diſeaſes, boiling one Ounce with two Drams of Smallage in fixteen Pints of water to ten: they drank a draught warm in Bed, lying two hours after, and ano- ther two lours before Supper, and cold other times of the day, making it freih every day; and many uſe to take two Drams of the powdered Roor morning and evening in Wine, or its own Decoction when going about their Buſineſs, or failing, with happy ſucceſs. It is beſt preſerv'd with broken Pepper. Its diſtilled water is good in Ruptures, Headaches, Callus's and Ulcers of the Genitals. It is alſo proper in Venereal Diſeaſes, but the De- coction better, Acoft a. Saris, apud Purchas, lib. 4. cap. 2. p. 394. tells us that China Roots are a Commodity for Fapan. China was in uſe to cure a ſort of Pox in Eaſt India, called Afmaphoa or Stink, it came to the knowledge of the Latins in the year 1535. by two Chineſe Merchants, Nacmach and Makal, Trafficking in Africa, Don Martin Al- fonſe was cured of an otherways incurable Diſtemper with the Pox by ir, which was known to the Arabians before us, and at firſt fold for its weight in Gold. The Country Mountaineers eat of it raw, or roſted as Turneps, it is boil'd in Postage by fome. f. 417. Thevet. Coſmograph. The White is the beſt, whence tlrat from New-Spain is not good, which is ſo red that a little of it makes red water, neither is it ſo efficacious as the other. It is when freſh ſo tender as to be eat either raw, or boiled as Turneps here with Fleſh. Fragol. Canes are made in Virginia of them. Pl. It appears by Lane, Hariot and Laudonniere, in the Places mention'd in my Catalogue, that this Root is uſed for Bread in Virginia, from theſe Thinam Roots, (ſays Hariot) new or freſh, chopt into ſmall pieces and ſtampt, is ſtrained with water, a Juice that maketh Bread, and alſo being boiled a very good Spoon-Meat, in manner of a Gelly, which is much better in taſt if it be tempered with Oil. and Landonniere, p. 55. ap. Hakl . p. 344. ſays that bear in a Mortar it makes Meal, which boiled in water is eat in ſcarcity in Florida. XX. Bryonia racemoſa foliis ficulneis. Plum. p. 83. Fig. 97. Cat. p. 106. This has a ſtriated yellowiſh green Stalk, being jointed at every two Inches diſtance, not ſo big as a Hens-Quill, having at every joint one Leaf, ſtanding on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalk, each Leaf being deeply cut into three parts or Lacinie, like to ordinary white Bryony. The two Sections at Baſe have a round Auricle, which is ferrated. The Sea ction in the middle is from the Foor-Stalks end to rhe fharp point, two Inches and an half long, and 'tis three quarters of an Inch over in the mid- dle. 'Tis likewiſe two Inches from one Auricle to the other, every Section has a middle Rib, furniſhing tranſverſe ones. The Leaf is ſomewhat rough, and of a yellowilh green colour. Oppoſite to the Leaves ſtand Clavicles with which it mounts the neighbouring Trees or Hedges, as others of this Kind. It groweth every where in Barbados. o con 10 XXI. Bry The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 233 yor XXI. Bryonia alba triphylla, geniculata, foliis craffis, acidis. Cat.p.106. Tab. 142. Fig. 5. & 6. home od mobival nr. 231 The Root is two or three Foot long, reddiſh, and ſends forth other Roots, ſmaller, pretty long and jointed, creeping under the Surface of the Earth. The Stalk is jointed, reddish brown, as big as ones Finger, every joint making a very Obtuſe Angle with that next it, it ſticks to Paliſadóes or Trees by Clavicles, and on its upper parts towards the top, is beſet with a great many Leaves, three always together on a pretty long Foot Stalk. The Leaves are thick, juicy, fower, and cut in pretty deep on the edges like a Saw. The Scalks towards the tops are always red. The Flowers ftand to- wards the tops of the Branches in bunches or Corymbi, like Ivy, and are of an herbaceous colour. After theſe follow ſeveral, little, round Berries, no bigger than a imall Pea, of a black colour, ſtanding on an half Inch long green Foot-Stalks. The Pulp is of a blackiſh green colour, and contains one ſmall round Stone, having a white Kernel within it. it climbs the Trees in the Woods in ſeveral places, and grows near the River fides, and about the Paliſadoes, near the Town of St. Jago de la Vega. Joo so Judge todo non daons and It Flowers in May boord m m d bus guol dont nee The Juice of this is uſed in Sauces as that of Sorrel. To boston Whoſoever pleaſes to compare the Figures of Brgonoides trifoliatum India cum, &c. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 155. Fig. 2. and his Chamedrifolia ſcandens, &c. Phyt. Tab. 81. Fig 5. and has ſeen this Plant, will be ready to think the laſt only a Figure taken from a dry'd Plant, from which the Leaves are drop'd off, and the firſt from the fame Plant, growing in a Garden, not- withſtanding what that Author ſays, p. 33, of his Mantiſſa. bogor qua bar och XXII. Bryonia alla geniculata, viole foliis, baccis è viridi purpurafcentibus. Cat. p. 106. Tab. 144. Fig. 1. An Bryonia alba levis Americana, cortice albo nitente D. Plakenet. /Phyt. Tab. 272. Fig. 3. Almeg p.71 : Vel an Bryca nia Americana fructu ai reo, ceraſi parvi magnitudine tetrapyrene venenato, Bar- badenfibus noftratibus Poifon Wythe, vocats. Ejufd. Alm. p. 71. Tab. 151. Fig. 4² Ja This has jointed or geniculared Stalks as big as ones little Finger, and riſes, catching hold of any thing it comes rear by its Clavicles to ſeven, eight, or even thirty Foot high, being round, greeniſh, every joint an Inch long, making a very Obtufe Angle with that next it, and putting forth Leaves, Clavicles and flowers. The Leaves ſtand on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks, are four Inches long, three broad at the round Baſe where broadeſt, being of a dark gren colour, and ſomewhat reſembling the Leaves of Violets. The Flowers are many, fmall, of a pale yellow colour, ſtanding many together as the others of this Kind. After theſe follow Berries of a purplish green colour, like thoſe of the other Bryonies or Ivy. It grows near the Town abour old Paliſadocs and Trees, as likewiſe near the Bridge over Black River, on the Trees growing there, very co- piouſly. sono di auto VES ODLE XXIII Bryonia alba triphylla maxima. Cat. p. 106. Tab. 144. Fig. 2. This has a many-cornered Stem about the bigneſs of a Gooſe-Quill. It has, at every Inches or more interval, Leaves, three always together at a crooked joint, and a Clavicle oppoſite to that, three Inches long, and catch- ing hold of any Tree chey come near. The Leaves ſtand on an inch and an half long Foot-Stalks; that oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, or in the middle, being an Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad near the further end P: 71.26 where ооо 234 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica . where broadeſt. They are ſmooth, and of a yellowiſh green colour. What o the Flower and Fruit were I did not obſerve, though I am apt to think, by its Leaves and Clavicles, it may be a Briony, of the Kindred of thote deſcrib'd before, and therefore I put it among them. This is not the Bryonia fideritidis folio multiplici, diſpermos, flore cæruled. Prom. Bon. Spei. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 152. Fig.I. Alm. p.71. as Dr. Plukenet fuſpects in his Mantiſſa. p. 33. It grew on the larger Trees in the Road to Guanaboa, and at Mrs. Gwy's Plantation XXIV. Bryonia nigra fruticoſa, racemi ramulis varie implicitis, atque caude fcorpionis inftar, in fe contortis, baccis albis una vel altera nigra macula notas tis. Cat.p. 106. Tab. 143. Fig. 2.o The Trunc of this plant is near the Ground, as thick as ones Arm, woody, turning about any Trees it comes near, ſmooth, hard, and of a dark brown colour, branch'd into a great many Twigs, crooked, and turning round any thing they come near, riſing ſeven or eight Foot lrigh, towards the ends of which are plac'd alternatively the Leaves. They ſtand at half an Inches diſtance from one another, on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are an Inch long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where broadeſt, ſmooth, and of a dark brown colour, and a little bowed back. At the tops of the Twigs come out ſeveral two or three Inches long crooked Branches, very variouſly turn'd, twiſted, and bow'd one within another, each of which is turn'd like a Scorpions Tail, or the Heliotropes, and ſuſtains on none, or very ſmall Foot-Stalks, a great many very ſmall, five-pointed, herbacea ous Flowers. After theſe follow ſo many Berries as big as Pepper Corns, round, firſt green, but when ripe, white, markt with one or two black ſpecks, and containing, lodged in a Pulp, one or two black, round Acini or Seeds. It grows about the Paliſadoes in the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and in the Woods of the Savannas about any Trees or Shrubs it comes near. I have peruſed what Dr. Plukenet ſays in his Mantiſſa, p. 187. concerning this Plant, and remain of the fame Opinion as when I wrote my Catalogue, that it is what he calls Virga aurea Americana fruteſcens glabra, foliis fubtus safiis, comis ad fummitatem in ramulos brachiatos implicatis. Phyt. Tab. 235. Fig. 6. Alm. p. 389. XXV. Bryonia nigra fruticoſa, foliis integris ex adverfo poſitis, flore luteo, race- moſo, fætido. Cat. p.106. Tab. 145. Fig. 1. This Plant has a Stem as large as ones little Finger, covered with an almoſt ſmooth, white Bark, creeping amongſt the Trees it comes near, and putting forth here and there Foot-long Branches adorn'd with Leaves ſet at an Inches diſtance by pairs oppoſite to one another, ſtanding on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are three Inches long, and an Inch and a quarter broad, near the middle where broadeſt, being of a very green colour, ſmooth, thin, having one middle, and ſeveral tranſverſe Ribs. The tops of the Branches are a great many bunches of Flowers, each one ſtanding on a weak Foot-Stalk, in a green Calyx, being long, tetrapetalous, yellow, with yellow Stamina, and of a very unſavory ſcent. It grows on the Road fide, among the Woods, going to Guanaboa very plen- tifully. XXVI. Bryonia nigra frticola, foliis Laurinis, floribus, racemoſs, fpeciofis. Cat. P: 106. Tab. 145. Fig. 2. This The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. . 235 This had roundiſh, reddiſh brown Stalks as big as a Gooſe-Quil, by which ir climb'd and turn'd its ſelf round the Truncs and Branches of Trees, pue- ting forth here and there Leaves, ſtanding on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They were four Inches long, and near twice as broad in the middle where broadeſt, being narrow at the beginning, and obtuſe at the end, whole, very ſmooth, and having an eminent middle Rib, running through the middle of the Leaf. At the top of the Branch are Flowers ſtanding in a bunch together, being many very beautiful and ſmall. I gathered it, if I rightly remember, in St. Maries, near Cabeça del oro in the North-ſide of this Iſland amongſt the Woods. XXVII. Solanum bacciferum primum, feu officinarum. C. B. Cat. p.106. Sos lanum fructu nigro, Rudbeck. Brom. p. 108. An ſolanum Indicum vulgari fimile; floribus albis parvis. Pluk. Alm. p.349 ? This has a green Stem, as big as ones little Finger, having ſome very narrow membranes which make it look angular, riſing two or three Foot high, either ſtraight up, or amongſt other Shrubs. The Branches are inveigled among one another, ſpreading themſelves on every hand, and having Leaves ſtanding on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an Inch and an half long, and half as broad near the middle where broadeſt; very much finuated on the edges, ſoft, of a dark green colour. Towards the tops of the Branches come the Flowers, ſeveral together from the top of an half Inch-long green Foor-Stalk, each whereof is made up of five white, or pale yellow reflected Petala, with Orange colour'd Apices, ſtanding up in the middle making an Umbo. After theſe follow round Berries, as big as Pepper-Corns, ſmooth, black when ripe, containing in a thin Pulp a great many very ſmall, roundiſh, flat, white Seeds. It grew near the Church-yard back-ſide, and near Mrs. Guys's Houſe in a Gully in Guanaboa. The Leaves of this are boild and eaten by Negros in their Pepper-Pots or Potages. lobor The Leaves being applied cure Wounds of the Shins, Fiſſures of the Nipples, and are good againſt all Inflammations. They are Anodine, and good againſt the Inflammation and heat of the Anus, the Juice being put up; but becauſe of its very cooling and adftringent quality, it muſt be cautiouſly uſed. The Bark bruis’d and put into water, intoxicates Fiſhes ſo that they may be eaſily taken. Piſo. I only doubted whether the Jamaica and European Nightſhades were the fáme, on account of the Leaves, being eaten there, and the European com- monly accounted not wholeſome, but when I found by Cordus, Dorft.&c. that the common Solanum was anciently lowed for Meat, I am confident 'tis in every thing the ſame, eſpecially ſince the colour of the Berries differs in the European Plant. The Leaves cool, being applied to St. Anthony's Fire. It is good for a hot Stomach. Beaten with Salt and applied, it diſcuſſes the Parotides, Fuchſ. It is good againſt hot Apofthems. Dorſt. The diſtilld water outwardly or inwardly uſed is cooling in Inflammati- ons, outwardly the Leaves being applied to the Head helps Phrenfies, and all Inflammations. Lon. Tragus ſeems to be confuſed as to this plant, and ſays that 'tis not edible. The Leaves are cooling and adſtringent. It is hazardous to apply it outwardly, it being Repercuſſive, and not to be us'd in Eryſipelas's, &c. Dod. The Juice, with Oil, is good in the Phrenzy, &c. Math. The Leaves eaten are adſtringent and cooling. Gal. The 236 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica The Boys eat the raw Berries. It contemperates ſharp and biting humours. Schienok. ola bntor 2151 21 bau baribi The Juice is uſeful in Cancers. Cam. col grada bat erosol anit The diſtilld water is good in Fevers. Lob. trol 915 vert 224001 riped orla nied Jobcord 9dwobbie XXVIII. Solanum bacciferum, caule o foliis tomento incanis, Spinoſis, flore Inteo, freta croceo, minore. Cat. p. 107. Tab. 144. Fig.3. An ſolanum fpinofum Jamaicenſe glabrum foliis parvis minus profunde laciniatis, Pluk. Alm. P. 351. Phyt . Tab. 316. Fig. 5 An ſolanum Americanum, tomentofum folio verbafci parvo, fructu flaveſcente . Plum. Tournef. Inft . p. 150?! zich to obiratohen The Stalks of this Plant are very thick fer with ſhort crooked prickles, the points downwards, woolly, round, and about three Foot high, having Leaves fet alternatively every Inch and halfs diſtance, about fix Inches long, and five broad, beginning narrow, and ending in a point, very much finuated on the edges, very rough, downy, of a whitiſh green colour, and having one middle Rib, and ſome tranſverſe ſmaller ones, in every thing like thoſe of the Solanum fpinofum fructu rotundo. C.B. Pin.only lefſer, both beſet with prickles. In the middle ſpace between the Leaves come out the Flowers, two or three together on the ſame half Inch long, hoary Foot-Stalk, monopetalous, though the Ore be divided into five Petala, reflected back, of a yellowiſh colour, and having in the middle many Apices ſtanding up together, making an Umbo, as the other Solanum's. After each of theſe follows Spherical Orange coloured Berries, as big as Field Peaſe, having five green Capſular Leaves un- der them, and being full of finall, white, compreſſed, irregularly figurd Seeds, lying in an Orange colour'd Pulp. 39 nim sibin oni It grows on the ſides of the Streets of the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, near the old Monaſtery, and on the fandy and gravelly Banks of the Rio Cobre, below the Town on the fame ſide of the River. sdason og The Leaves and Juice are good to temper and cleanſe Wounds and Ul- cers, and although it be bitteriſh, yet 'tis not hot. Their Roots are very bitter, and of thin parts, and excellent Vertue, eſpecially the Male. Its Decoction is Diuretick. They open Obſtructions of the Liver and Pro- ſtates, being usd inſtead of the opening Roots. It is very much eſteem'd both by the learned and unlearned. Pifo.as olstoise The Leaves of this Jurepeba, which are not prickly, are commonly usd to heal Ulcers of the Legs. Marcgr. ogni ang bits baruld ha Margrave making mention of this, but of no diſtinction of Sex, I am apr to believe Piſo was impos'd upon ; eſpecially ſince he does not explain him felf fufficiently about it. ordinis gnisd The Root given to half an Ounce purges all Humours downward. Hern. The Decoction of the Roor is good in burning Fevers, and with Honey in Catarrhs, and in the Strangury with ſome Cardamoms. It is proper for windy Guts. The Juice of the Roots and Leaves is good for Concoction, and the Juice with Sugar is good for the foreneſs of the Breaſt. The De- coction of the Leaves is good for the Itch with Sugar and Lime. H. M. XXIX, Solanum fruticofum bacciferum fpinofum, flore cæruleo. Cat. p. 108. Tab. 145. Fig. 3. An ſolanum Americanum fruticoſum, perficæ foliis aculeatum. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p. 149.? This Shrub by crooked woody Stems, as thick as ones little Finger, co- vered with a whitiſh coloured Bark, and having here and there ſome fharp, fmall, and fhort prickles, riſes three or four Foot high, having feveral Branches and Twigs of a green colour, and, witheut any order, Leaves fianding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks, they are two Inches and an half long, and almoſt one broad, ſomewhat rough, and like thoſe of the Amomum The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 237 Amomum Plinii. Ger. Towards the ends of the Branches ſtand ſeveral purple pentapetalous Flowers, having five Orange-coloured Starina, Apices, or points ſtanding ſtraight up in the middle, making an Umbo; the Petala being bowd back or reflected. After which follows a round, red Berry, like thoſe of the Amomum Plinii, having many ſmall flat Seeds, white, and of the ſhape of a Kidney It grows in the Sand by the Sea-ſide , near Old Harbour , on the Road from the Town to Colonel Cope's Plantation in Guanaboa, and in the Caribe Iſlands. boliod XXX. Solanum pomiferum quartum, hve fructu oblongo. C. B. Cat. p. 101. Melongena fructu oblongo, Tournef. El. p. 126. Melongena fructu oblongo viola- ceo, Ej.Inft.ap.151. Mala inſana. Swert. An Nila-barudena. H.M. part. 10.p.147. Tab. 742 Mad Apples. This has ſeveral white Roots, ſending up a branched purple Stalk, three or four Foot high. The Branches ends have Leaves many in number, ſtanding on four Inches long purple Foot-Stalks. They are fix Inches long, and three broad, finuated, of the ſhape of thoſe of the others of this Kind. The Ribs are all purple, and the Leaves fomewhat hairy and rough. The Flowers come out ſeveral on the ſame Foot-Stalks, they being monopetalous, the Ore divided into five Sections, blue, and in every thing like thoſe of the other Nightſhades. The Fruit is oblong, pear-faſhion'd, from a narrow round Stalk, ending larger, firſt purple, then yellow, containing in a fun- gous Pulp, a great number of flat, roundiſh, brown Seeds. The Seed was brought from the Main Continent of America, where it was planted by the Jews. Mr Harriſon planted it in Liguanee. The Fruit boild, and dreſt as Turneps, is very much commended, and eaten by the Jews. awo The Arabians uſed it in their Meats, but it breeds vitious Juices. Its taſt is ſweetiſh, flat, and bitteriſh. It is only for ſhow fown in Gardens or Pots. Cord. sibi ndon It is eaten as Muſhrooms. Ruellius. 2oint ima ។ It is boil'd and eat as Muſhrooms. Cefalp. Roſted under the Embers, boiled or fried, every day 'tis eat in Egypt. Bellon. 10 It is eaten to promote Venery. Math. Rawolf apud Lugd. ap. ſays that the black is different from the others. They are ſuſceptible of any taſt, much uſed about Toledo, and boild firſt, then fried with Fat. They cauſe Obſtructions, darken the Complexion, breed Melancholy, &c. Lac. They are boild with Wine and Pepper, and taſt like Artichoaks. They are Diuretick. Bont. Com This agrees in every thing with Nila Barudena. H. M. p. 10. p. 147. Fig. 74. only that has prickles, this has none. Commelinus makes it Focky focky e mala inſana. Theſe are the Melongene of the Arabians, ap. Purchas, lib. 9. cap. 9. p. 1499. where we find Mahomet affirm'd he had ſeen this plant in Para- diſe, and meaſur'd the quantity of Mens Wits by their eating ſtore hereof. This ſeems to be one fort Melanzana, Melongena or Beudengian, called Bathleſchain, oblong of Rawolfe, lib. 1. cap. 6. which grows about Aleppo, and is there eaten boiled as Averrhoes mentions, ayawls bousitost XXXI, Solanum fecundum racemoſum ceraforum forma : vel cerafa amoris ra- cemoſa rubra. C. B. prod. Cat. p. 109. Tab. 146. Fig. 1. Lycoperſicon fructn ceraſ rubro. Tournef. Inft. p. 150. Lycoperſicon fructs ceraſi ejuſd. El. p. 125. Tomato Berries This Рpp 238 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. This grows in ſeveral places about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and in Guanaboa, near Mrs. Guy's Houſe, in her Plantation, but I cannot be pofi- tive that 'tis wild. It grows likewiſe in the Caribes. They are eaten by ſome here, are thought very naughty, and yielding little Nouriſhment, though they are eaten either boild or in Sauce by the Spaniards. They are good to eat, being cooling, give a reliſh to Sauces, and take off the ill effects of Indian Pepper, which is too heating. Foj. Acoſta. The Fruit is innocent, and not bad ſmelld. Gefn. This came firſt from the Peru Iſles. The Fruit boiled or ſun'd in Wine is good againſt the Scab. Cam. The Juice is good for Eyes with Defluxions, againſt Eryſpelas's. The Chymical Oil is good for Burns, and to procure ſleep rub'd on the Temples. One ſlept in a frenzy with theſe under him, and in his Hand. J. B. The Fruit boild, or infus’d in Oil, is good againſt the Itch. Park. XXXII. Solanum veficarium erectum ſolani vulgaris foliis. Cat. p. 110. Alke- kengi Virginianum fructu luteo. Tournef. El. p. 126. Inft. p. 151. An ſolanum veficarium Virginianum procumbens annuum folio lanuginoſo. Bob. hift. Ox. part.3. P. 527? This has a four-ſquare hollow green Stalk, riſing three Foot high, branch'd out on every ſide. The Branches have ſeveral Leaves ſet on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, they are two Inches long, one broad, ending in a point, of a dark green colour, and like the Leaves of the ordinary Solanum. The Flowers are on the tops of the Branches, on half an Inch long Foot Stalks, monopetalous, with five notches in them of a yellowiſh white colour. After theſe follows red Bladders, in all things like thoſe of Alkekengi.-iuri on It grows by the Rio Cobre in wet places above the Town. todo ud asito The Fruit is eaten, and taſts like European Winter-Cherries. A Decoction of the Herb ſerves to waſh the Legs. Marcgr. 107tid boso idiool The Fruit is of ſeveral parts, and takes off the Obſtructions of the Liver, and Kidnies, differing only from that of Europe in that its Diuretick quality is more remiſs. Pifo. bboda The Root is hot, cures Surfeits, reſolves Wind, provokes Urin, eaſes pain in the Belly mix'd with Indian Pepper. The Decoction drank, or the Root to a Scruple in quantity, ſtops all Fluxes from hot Cauſes, and applied to the Breaſts drys up the Milk. Hern. evac The Indians and Chineſe eat it with Capſicum, and love Apples. The green Juice is uſed in hor Diſeaſes of the Bladder and Kidnies, and in Venereal Gonorrheas, it is a great Remedy eaſing pain. Bont. Vlobacol baaid The Juice diminiſhes the Tumours of the Teſticles. The Roots help the burning Fever, and fried with Oil helps the Dropſie called pitao. H. M. ST i ovo niz XXXIII. Piſum decimum five veſicarium fructu nigro alba macula notato. C.B. Cat. p. 110. Corindum ampliore folio fručtu majore, Tournef. El. p. 342. Inft. P. 431. Cor Indum fructa majore Pluken. Alm. p. 120.96 arit This has a woody, cornered, rough Stalk, taking hold of any Tree or Shrub it comes near by its Clavicles, and mounting to eight or nine Foot high, the tops then falling down, and covering the Tree or Shrub it Climbs. At about every three Inches diſtance it puts forth Leaves, Clavicles and Flowers, at the ſame place. The Leaves, ſtand on two Inches and an half long Foot Stalks. They are very much divided or laciniated, cut always into nine Sections, ſtanding three together on the ſame common Petiolus, coming from the end of the Foot-Stalk, that diviſion of the three oppofite to the end of the Petiolus, or in the middle is the biggeſt, being two Inches long, 195 dn The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 239 long, and one broad where broadeſt, deeply notch'd, or cut in on the edges, of a dark green colour, being very ſmooth, ſoft, and thin, the other two at Baſe, being of the ſame ſhape, &c. only ſmaller. The Clavicles ſtand op- poſite to the Leaf, being five Inches long. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers ſeveral together, ſtanding on three Inches long Foot-Stalks, being white, pen- tapetalous, and very open. After the Flowers follow three cornered, oblong Bladders, having in each of them three diſtinct Cells, and in every one of theſe lies faſtened to a membrane, a round, dark, brown, or black Seed, about the bigneſs of a ſmall Field Pea, having three Triangular Lines, meet- ing at the Center of a clay coloured, or whitiſh triangular or cordated fpor, which is ar the place where 'tis join'd to the Bladder, or its hilus. It grew on ſome Bulhes, on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, a little below the Town, and very copiouſly among the Shrubs on each ſide of the way, riding through the Thickets, near the Moneque Savanna, in the North ſide of fa- maica, and in the Caribes. There is a variety of this, which is in every thing leſs, but I believe it no diſtinct Kind. From the likeneſs of the diviſion of the Leaves of this, to thoſe of Parſley, it got the name of wild Parſley in the Caribes. This is no Solanum, becauſe it has no Berries. Gefn. It's not Iſopyrum. Col. Its thought good for Diſeaſes of the Heart. Schwencf. The Seeds occaſion greater Sleep than Opium. Cord. The Plant beaten with water, and applied cures the Gout, and coldneſs of the Joints with ſtiffneſs. The Juice of the Leaves with Zit Avanacu Oil Purges. The juice warm is good for the gouty, with black Cumin Seed'tis good for the Heartburn, the beaten Leaves are good for the Cough mix'd with Sugar, and boild in Oil it is good for the Eyes. H.M. XXXIV. Piſum cordatum non veſicarium. Cat. p. III. Leguminoſa Braſilia enfis fructu ovato coſta folii appendicibus aucta. Raii hift. p. 1347. An cordis Indi folio & facie fruteſcens Curaſſavica latifolia. Herm. par. Bat. prod. P328 : Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 164. Fig. 6 ? This by round, ſmooth, brown Stems, riſes to a great heighth, mounting by its Stalk ſometimes twenty Foot high, more or leſs, according to the Tree or Shrub it Climbs, having Leaves at every half Inch's diſtance, ſtand- ing on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being uſually nine Leaves plac'd by threes, on the ſame common, ſmall Foot-Stalks, thoſe three in the middle, or ſtanding oppoſite to the Foot-Stalk, being the largeſt, and that Leaf of the three in the middle the largeſt Leaf, being more than an Inch long, and about half as broad near the further end where broadeſt, ſmooth, of a yellowiſh green colour, augmenting from the Foot-Stalk to near the end, and thence decreaſing to the point. On the tops of the Branches come the Fruit, ſtanding in Bunches, or many together on branched Twigs, having ſmall Clavicles. Each of them is a Triangular Head, having three plain fides, and three very ſmall extant membranes, or ſharp Corners, red or black, when opened containing three, large, black, ſhining, almoſt round Seeds, or Peaſe, with a white Hilus, Eye or Spot, at that place where they were join'd to their Capſula.also not enoit It grows between Paſſage Fort and the Town, on each ſide of the Road, on the Trees in the Woods, and on the Red Hills very plentifully, or to the The Fruit bruiſed and put into water intoxicates Fiſhes. The green Leaves bruiſed, or their Juice, is good for Wounds, being vulnerary, and cleanſing them. Pif. t 20 XXXV. Cape 249 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. III. XXXV. Capſicum minus fructu rotundo, erecto, acerrimo. Cat. p Сар- hicum filiguis furrectis ceraſi forma. Tournef. Inf. p. 135. From a woody, brown, ſtrong Root, ſpring ſeveral woody Branches, two or three Foot high, The Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, and other parts of this Plant are in every thing like thoſe of the other Capſicums, only every way ſmaller, and the Fruit is plac'd on the tops of the Twigs. It is almoſt perfectly round, no bigger than a Field-Pea, and full of ſuch ſmall Seeds as are common to others of this Kind. It grows in fhady low Woods, whether Parrots and other Birds reſort to it by natural Inſtinct, to forward the Digeſtion of thoſe Fruits they meet withal and feed on in the Woods. It grows not only in the Iſland of Jamaica, but in the Madera, and all the Caribes. This fort is counted the ſharpeſt and moſt biting of any of its kind, and is much uſed by Indians, Negros and Europeans, who have liv'd kere any time. The Birds, Toucan and Saviath, feed of this, and their Dung produces it, being Sown, as if the whole Fruit were Sown. Thevet. Coſm. Powdered with Salt, 'tis a portable Sauce in little Room, and agreeing al- moſt to every Diſh and Pallat, being mix'd with Gravy or Vinegar. It is counted very good againſt the Belly-ach.ro Door The Savages cure Fevers by drawing over the Eyes of the Sick a Thread dipt in this, by making them forget it. Tertre. There are two other forts very like this, common in moſt Planters Gardens, which may perhaps be only varieties of it. og This was brought by the Spaniards in Colons firſt Voyage from the Weſt- Indies, to ſhow the rarities of them, and was then admired. Lopez. de Go- mara. Merchants brought it from Brahle, though it be not ſo good as Malagette. Thevet. The Leaves of this burnt with Mother of Pearl Oiſters ſhells, and wer with water till 'tis white, makes an Ointment which rub'd on Teeth makes them black, and free from aching. Ben. loon This was call'd Caribe by the Indians, which fignifies ſharp and ſtrong in their Language, and becauſe they of Eſpanola found the Canibals, or thoſe inhabiting the Antilles, to be ſharp and ſtrong like this, they gave them the name of Caribes. Martyr. So that we need not trouble our ſelves fo much about the Derivation of that Word as Rochefort has done. This fort, if taſted, the ſharpneſs cannot be got out of the Throat in ſome days. It grows in Braſile and Portugal Cindlasti siluoda One muſt have a care after touching theſe Caphica not to touch the Eye with the Hand it occaſioning great pain, which is remedied by cold water. They are reckoned much wholeſomer than the Eaſt-India Peppers, they give a good taſt, being cut and mixed with Fiſh or other Meat. The ſmall whole Pepper, being ſwallowed helps Digeſtion, Corroborates the stomach, and expels Wind. The ſame is done with Vinegar in which it has been infuſed whole, or Salt, and it powdered and mix'd together. It hurts the Breaſt and Body, and occaſions a Cough, if it be put on Coals, and the Fume re- ceived by Mouth or Noſtrils. The Leaves and Roots are the Firſt Ingredi- enes of hor Baths, Piſo. E boos bng band XXXVI. Capſicum minus fruits parvo, pyramidali, erecto. Cat. p. 112. Tab. 146. Fig.2. An ſolanum mordens Americanum perenne Berberidis fručtu ſurrecto Berberry Pepper. Barbadenſibus vulg. Pluk. Alm. p. 354. vel Solanum mordens TO wo The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 241 mordens foliis majoribus furre&tum fructu parvo, oblongo, Ejuſd. ib ? vel ſolani mor- dentis filiquis farrećtis rotundis , alterum genus fructu parum acuminato. Ejuſd. ib : Capſicum filiquis furrectis & oblongis exiguis. Tournef. Inft . p. 152. Capſicum Jove piper Barbadienſe fručtu Berberidis acerrimo. Bob, biſt. Ox.part. 3. p. 530. This differs only from the foregoing, in that is not perfectly round, but pyramidal, and a little pointed. oli e ghid It grows commonly with it. dana od gols aut toggo dad lo baan bus lebione XXXVII. Capſicum oblongum minus recurvis filiquis. Park. Cat. p. 3. Cap- ficum filiquis recurvis, minus. Tournef. Inft. p. 152. Piment qui ſemble du co- rail de Biet. p. 334. An Solanum mordens oblongum minus pendentibus recurvis filiquis puniceis . Pluken. Alm. p. 353 ? Vel Solanum mordens propendentibus fili- quis oblongis recurvis. Ejuſd. ibp This is in every part like the other larger Capſicums, only its Fruit is two Inches long, a little crooked, round, about the bigneſs of a Gooſe- Quill, but towards the end decreaſing, and ending in a blunt point, of a very fine ſcarlet colour. M 0821189 It is planted by the Inhabitants very carefully in their Gardens, for its uſe in Portages, &c. and is us'd indifferently with the Fruit of thoſe of the other Kinds. bog ni biliod be 90 This powdered with Salt is made into Loaves, after every Morſel, ſome of which is taken up between the Fingers, and eat by the Braſilians. It is the only Simple of Brafile deſcribed by Mathiolas. Lery.rai.0od- This is figured in Cordus with two other forcs on the fame Shrub, from Tragus, and in Lonicerus with one other. In many of the old Herbals many of theſe Capfica are figured together on the ſame Scalk. Inab gniad eiabizi Dato 13 bloo saam enswaigeimom 71975 XXXVIII. Capſicum filiqua lata de rugoſa. Park. p. 114. Tab. 146. Fig. 3. Solanum mordens fructu magno petafoide, Bonnet Pepper, noftratibus vulgo. Pluk. Alm. P-353. Bell-Pepper. Bougit etiam ou o lo ono ei aid I This riſes four or five Foot high, is in every thing like the other Capſicums, only the Fruit is large, turbinated, conoidal, or ſomewhat ſhap'd like a Bell, whence the Name, hanging down towards the Ground, the ſides of it being deeply ſinuated or furrowed here and there, eſpecially towards the point. It is ſweet ſmelld. Greg. de Reg. odo novodobu 1999 A little put on Coals, the Fume entring the Noſe and Lungs, excites a troubleſome Cough, not to be remedied but by a Handkerchief wer in Vi. bliote It is the moſt commonly planted of any of the Capſicums, and uſed ex- tremely by Indians and Blacks. diventa lotion It is very often pickled by cutting off the largeſt part next the Stalk, and clearing it of its Seed, and putting it into Pickle of Vinegar and Salt. ool It is us’d in every thing as the others. The Indians and Negroes make it the proper Corrective for all ſorts of Legumina, and Sallets, and will ſcarce abſtain from it in hot Diſeaſes. olsun og A brewol blog at Thefe Peppers ought not to be inwardly us’d, having fomething venemous and malignant in them. Dod. icola gera alla lo es It is uſed all over Spain for Pepper. 7. B. SRI od mort 1900 your li ago XXXIX. Capſicum filiqua lata non rugoſa. Cat. p. 114. It differs only from the other in making a leſſer not furrowed Fruit, which is very ſhining and poliſht. This ſeems to be only a variety of the former. negar. Tertre. 2020 Q_94 XL Capha 242 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Bu XL Capſicum cordatum propendens. Park. Cat. p. 114. An Solanum mordens fructu dependente ſubrotundo craſſo . Pluk. Alm. P. 353 ? Vel Solanum mordens filiqua cordiformi pendula, ejuſd. ib ? Piper Indicum cordatum majus filiqua plana da propendente Hort. Reg. Pariſ. p. 142 Pogorot od mozi, vloot This Caphcum is like the others in every thing, only the Leaves come out in oppoſite Tufts along the Branches at an Inches diſtance. The Fruit is Conoidal, and inſtead of being ſharp at point, is blunt, very ſhining, po- lifh'd, and ſmooth, exa&ly like that of a Womans Nipplex It is planted as the other kinds, A Peſſary is made of this kind of Pepper, el. laurin. Gentian and Cotton, which Vulve ori impoſitum, purgationes Menſtruas deperditas revocat. Taken to a Scruple it cures Pains of the Uterus, if it be boild in Wine, and with it the Hernia aguofa be bath'd it cures it. If the Fruit be infuſed in Wine it takes away ſtinking Breath, and mixt with Hydromel, us'd as an Errhinum, it takes away the ſmelling of the Noſe. If infus’d in Aqua Vitæ it helps the parts grieved with the Palfie if rub'd with it. Mixt with Vinegar it reſolves A poftems and hard Spleens. Drank with the Decoction of Bay-Berries it cures the Colick. Chaw'd with Raiſins and Staviſacre, it draws Flegm from the Head. Boild in water the Decoction cures the Tooth ach. Drank with Wine it cuts tough Flegm in the Breaſt, Lungs, or Guts. It takes away the cold Fits of Agues if mix'd with ung. de Alabaſtro, if it be rub'd on the Back-Bone. With Hens Greaſe it reſolves Apoſtems and Buboes, it cures the Gout and Nodes, and voids Hydropick waters. Mixt with pil, aloephang- with Decoction of Mallows it is Diuretick. It takes away the Flegm in the Kidnies, being drank with Saxifrage water. Given to a Scruple with Broach every morning, it warms the cold Stomach, diſcuſſes Flegm, and diſſipates Tough Humours of the Stomach. Taken three days together with Decott, Pulegii , it expels the dead Child. Gregorius de Region broute auto 2 This is one of the three Fruits figured by Tragus on the fame Stalk, and from him in Cordus & Tab. ernæmontanus. slid 1001 Svit 10 vuot Eliteid It raiſes Bliſters. Park. isbionou boetic zi duel od vino Thoſe uſing it are troubled with their Stomach and Yellowiſhneſs. Roch. The Root or Fruit bruiſed and applied to the Bite of a Mad Dog, cures it. H. M. This Pepper is us'd all over the Weſt-Indies, it is hor in the fourth, and dry in the third Degree. It excites Flatulency, and Venery. It purges with griping in thoſe not uſed to it, from its Acrimony, but eaſily in others; it helps the Catamenia, and is Diuretick; it is good againſt the Sciatica made into a Plaiſter with Honey. The Indians help Hecticks with pricking their Bellies or Loins with Needles or Pins dipt in this; but immoderately uſed it cauſes Inflammations of all forts: it is eat by the Indians for ordinary Food, by others for Sauce. Xim. ni to ignis Infuſed in Spirit of Wine it is Diuretick, and cures Pallies if the part be often waſhed with it. Mix'd with Hens Suet it reſolves Apoſtems that are cold. Inward Apoſtems and Abſceſſes are cauſed by its immoderate uſe. Wood orjon or wo eroggol Five Grains of this Pepper makes pleaſanter Potage than twenty of the other from the Eaſt-Indies. Martyr, 1ol ning It kills Dogs if eat by them. Chabr. Hernandez and Ximenes are ſo confuſed in their Deſcriptions, and Names, that although the Figures are good, yet the Deſcriptions are ſo very bad that I cannot make any thing of them. ditt lobos gainilai Piſo.no IC The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica . 243 It was the only general Spice of the Weſt-Indies, and a Merchandiſe in eſteem amongſt the Indians, ſome ſtrong, others eatable, it is only ſtrong in the Seeds and Veins. It is corrected by Salt or Tomato-Berries : it is too hot for young Men, and Venereal, Acoſta. brebit The Decoction of the Fruit brings away the Dropſie water. Cam. It is planted very much in Spain, for uſe in their Kitchens, either freſh or dry'd 'tis in uſe. Cim. or will but The Roots, Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, are not in uſe, only the fleſhy part of the Pod and Seed, is planted for Ornament or Uſe. It raiſes Puſtles wherever applied. In opening the Pod, and taking out the Seed, a ſubtle Vapor pene- trates the Noſe, going to the Brain, and draws our much tough Matter, caufing Sneefing ſometimes, and entering by the Mouth it cauſes Cough and Vomits. The Hands are ſo inflamed in holding it, that they muſt be ſpeedily walh'd for their burning. Cluſus touching his Eyes, when watering, with this Vapor from the Seed, a great Inflammation came, which had almoſt coſt him his Eyes but they grew well with frequent Lotion with cold water : burnt they raiſe a very ſtinking Smoak. Three of the Siliqua are dry'd over the Fire, cut in ſmall pieces, mix'd with a pound of Flower bak'd like Bisker, then ſearc'd and kept as the beſt Preparation, and gives an Appetite ; it is good againſt old Coughs. Greg. de Reg. It diſſolveth Strume, cures the Sciatica and Quinſie, and Freckles, ap- plied to the face with Honey. Ger. Moſt of the Fruits of theſe Capſica are firſt green, then turn purple, and afterwards ſcarler. The Fruit was uſed by the Indians as a puniſhment for Vagabonds, who were forc'd for their Faults to receive the fume of it. som It is uſed by the Spaniards in their Chocolate as well as Potages. bir All theſe forts of Capfica differ little from one another in Vertues. l 997 70 olb bir il bite void 1192 XLI. Periclymeum rectum herbaceum, gentiane folio, folii pediculo caulem ambia ente. Cat. p. 115. Tab. 147. Fig. I som Just brid onogmods This has a green, round, ſmooth, jointed Stalk, riſing about a Foot high, at every joint having a Leaf, whoſe Foot-Stalk encompaſſes the Stalk at the joint, making a hollow Tubulus wider then the Stalk about half an Inch above the joint, which may be able to hold ſome water. The Leaves are five Inches long, and two broad, ſmooth, thin, and ſomething like the Leaves of Phalangium Dipet alon, or Gentian. Towards the top over againſt every Leaf comes a five Inches long, jointed Foot-Stalk, on the top of which ſtand above two green, ſmall Leaves, ſeveral, ſmall, white Flowers. After theſe follows ſeveral, round, pretty, large, black Acini, cluſtered very cloſe together, making one Berry. In each of the Acini lies one black Seed with- in a very thin Pulp, which uſually dries away. It grew in the Woods by the Path going to Sixteen Mile Walk, very co- piouſly, and in the Woods going to the North-lide, and elſewhere. XLII. Viola folio baccifera repens; flore albo pentapet aloide, fructu rubro die cocco. Cat. p. 115. Pyrola affinis Malabarica Karint a-Kali. H. M. Pluken. Almag, P. 309. Periclymeno accedens planta utriuſque India, foliis periclymeni rotundioribus fructu bipyreno. Bob. hiſt. Ox. part. 3. p. 535. This Herb has a ſmall, round, creeping Stem, putting forth at its joints many, ſmall, fibrous Roots, and having ſmall Branches, at about one Inches diſtance from one another, each of which is about an Inch and an half long, having roundiſh Leaves, ſtanding oppoſite the one to the other, on an Inch long, reddiſh Foor-Stalks, in every thing reſembling thoſe of Violers, only ſmaller and rounder. The Flowers come out at the tops of the Branches, they guro 244 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. of room 1. they are white, and divided in their Margins into five Sections, and to them follows ſeveral red, ſmooth Berries, round, as big as a ſmall Pea, con- taining in an Orange colour'd Pulp, two oblong, brown Seeds, each of which is flat on one ſide, and rais’d on the other, with a ſharp or more eminent ledge on it. oito It grows in ſhady, dark, and moiſt Woods in the Path going to Sixteen Mile Walk, and elſewhere. Boild in Whey it cures the Flux. Boil'd in Oil it cures bloody Eyes. H.M. bood bos bootlo snis bus boloris going on gainggo albo OSM not ibodl sd Dom i da mig mer C H A P. XVI. Jom ide o Of Herbs with bulbous Roots , thoſe of their Kindred, and of Herbs with Flowers that have fix or more Petala or coloured Leaves. 111099A nesvis bas noi 20 hab Arciſſus totus albus latifolius polyanthos major odoratus, fi aminibus fext" è tubi ampli margine extantibus. Cat. p. 115. Autre forte de Lys. Rochef. tabl. prr. Narciſſus Americanus, flore multi- la plici albo odore balſami Peruviani. Tournef. Inft. p. 358. White Lilly. This has a tunicated bulb as large as ones Fiſt, made up of one white thick Coat over another, as Onions, and having at baſe many white fibers, by which it draws its Nouriſhment. The Leaves are two Foot long, about three Inches broad, channel’d, or being a little concave in the inſide, very green, juicy and ſmooth. In the middle of theſe riſes a flat Stalk, four Foot high, not hollow, but fill'd with a fungous Marter, when cut dropping water, about one third part of an Inch thick, and being ſharp at the edges. At the top of this are fix or ſeven, or more white Flowers, ſtanding each on a fix inches long Foot-Stalk, each of which has a white large Tubus, having fix Ribs, very long Stamina, or Lingula with long Apices, dividing it into ſo many parts, and ſtanding up above the Flower on its edge or margin two Inches long, being there of a green colour. A Stylus of the ſame colours, is in the middle. There are fix white, five Inches long, very nar- row, divided Petala, which ſtand between the aforeſaid Lingule. The Flowers of this Plant have a very fragrant ſmell . It grows in the Savanna's beyond the Black River in the Low-Land Woods every where in famaica, in the Woods in St. Chriſtophers, and by the Roads in Barbados. It is not only covered as as ornamental and pleaſant in Gardens, but like- wiſe the Roots are us'd all over theſe Iſlands, in lieu of White-Lilly-Roots for Maturating Cataplaſms. N II. Lilio-narciſus polyanthos, flore incarnato, fundo ex luteo albeſcente. Cat. p. 115. Lilium Americanum, puniceo flore, bella donna di&tum. Herm. par. Bat. P. 194. Lys des Antilles pareilles à nos Lys jaunes ou Orangers. Rochef . Tabl. P. 112, Lilio-narciſſus Americanus puniceo fore Bella donna di&tus. Plukenet. Alm. p. 220. The Root of this is no larger than that of a great Onion, or the half of ones Fiſt, a little oblong, made up of many white Tunicles or Coars, incloſing one another, after the manner of Onions, having under its Baſe many whitiſh fibers drawing its Nouriſhment. The Leaves are one Foor Yede long, The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 245 long, an Inch and an half broad, juicy, of a very freſh green colour, blunt, round, or obtuſe at their ends, channel'd or furrowed towards the Stem, or inwards. The Stalk riſes from the Leaves, being one Foot and an half high, hollow, of about one quarter of an Inch Diameter, ſuſtaining on its top ſeveral Flowers going out of, or incloſed in a membranaceous Sheath or Follicle bow'd back, or hanging down by two Inches long Foot-Stalks. Each of the Flowers is wide open, of a yellowiſh and white colour in the middle, and of a Carnation, or pale red the reſt, having in its Center ſeveral reddiſh and yellow Stamina. It is planted along the Walks fides for Ornament in Gardens, and comes from Barbados, where it is wild. It is ſaid likewiſe to grow wild in the Gul- lies here, and to come from Surinam. III. Aloe Dioſcorid. & aliorum. Col. min. cognit. ftirp. Cat. p. 115. Aloe Muf. Moſcand. p. 289. Aloe vera vulgaris Munt. Phyt. cur.p.20. Tab. 96. Sem- pervive. This grows every where, where it is or has been planted, but I never ſaw any that I thought was ſpontaneous, in Jamaica, though enough abouc old ruin'd Plantations. It is planted both here, and chiefly in Barbados to make Aloes to ſend into Europe. In ſpeaking of this Plant, Piſo ſays he never found it Purge, but only that it was cleanſing if uſed by Chirurgeons, which is manifeſtly contrary to Experience, whence may be almoſt plainly gathered that he took out of Marcgraves Notes only, which in this Chapter he calls his own, whereas what Marcgrave there ſpeaks of ſeems not to relate to this Aloes, but to all of them in general, and to the Caraguata-guaſu in particular. What they ſay of the Metle, muſt belong to that not this, which is the true Aloes. The Figures of theſe. Plants in Piſo, are ſo tranſpos’d that I cannot make any thing of them. It purges and fortifies the stomach againſt crude Humours. Dal. It purgeth Choler, Flegm, Worms, opens Womens Obſtructions, and the Hæmorrhoids. It is good againſt Surfeits of Meat or Drink. Waih'd it fortifies more, and purges leſs. It is hot in the firſt, and dry in the third Degree. It preſerves Carcaſſes, Heals bad Sores, ſtops Bleeding, is good for the Eyes, being drying, &c. Ger. 10 The Indians have a Medicine made of Aloes and Myrrhe, calld Mocebar, which they uſe in curing Horſes, and wormy Wounds. A Decoction of three Ounces of the Leaves, with two Drams of Salt, being boiled over a gentle Fire, then ſtrain'd over night, and given the next morning to eight Ounces, gives four or five Stools. If it be bruiſed with Milk, and given to thoſe troubled with an Ulcer of the Kidnies or Bladder, it cures them. The ſame cures Birds broken Legs, and they are us'd in India to ripen Swellings. There is great Controverſie between the Greeks and Arda bians concerning Aloes, the laſt ſaying that it ſtrengthens the Stomach, and opens the Hæmorrhoids, the others denying it, who were certainly mi. ſtaken. The beſt Aloes is that which is folid, without empty ſpaces, and not mix'd careleſly with Sand. The beſt formerly was accounted that com- ing from Alexandria, which is the ſame now coming from Socotor.1. It is made likewiſe in Cambaya and Bengale, but leſs eſteemed. Garcias ah Ort. Acoſta. ato Siosta 10 31 gogo Dioſcorides ſays it is very bitter and ſtrong ſmell d. sa The Leaves are to be cut tranſverſly, not long ways to cut the Veins, which drop a yellowiſh Juice, of which Aloes may be made, it dropping on a glazed Tile. Col. Rr There 219 me 240 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. There are three forts of Aloes, viz. Lucida, Citrina, and Hepatica, which is the worſt, the firſt and ſecond are almoſt the ſame or ſuccotrine Aloes, the laſt is black and harder to break. 'Tis odoriferous as Myrrhe, not ill ſmelled, unleſs not good or freſh. Bodo â Stapel. 'Tis inſipid with us, but grows bitter in Stoves, being hang'd up, the He- patic is beſt. Cord. They take it up in Cyprus before Winter, and hang it up, planting it again in the Spring. Gefn. It does not purge leſs mix'd with Honey, and is not hurtful to the Stomach, Fuchs. bou It is uſed, the Leaves being beaten, to conſolidate freſh Wounds, and for Corns. Cefalp. bis,9131 Aloe is of two forts, the Caballina, or Arenoſa, and the Socatrina, from that Iſland or Hepatica, from its conſiſtence it is friable in Winter, and ſoftiſh in Summer. C. B. It grows wild about Lisbon, &c. on Walls. Cluſ. This is the true Aloe, from whence comes the Aloe of the Shops. It is made by cutting the Leaves obliquely, that a yellow juice may come from the Veins running its length, which is evaporated a little , and makes a maſs agreeing to the Aloe of Dioſcorides, &c. being all diſſoluble in water, and friable to the Fingers. It is purgative, and outwardly applied ſtops Blood. The Leaf, the outward Skin taken off, with the juice applied, cur'd a Palm of the Hand where Nerves and Tendons were hurt. Col. Pieces of the green Leaf are given to Horſes for the Worms, as alſo to Children for the ſame Diſeaſe, with great ſucceſs. soch It is hang'd up to be ready in Houſes to apply to freſh Wounds. Parka IV. Aloe ſecunda ſeu folio in oblongum aculeum abeunte. Moriſon. Cat. p. 117. An Aloe Americana Spinifera anguftis foliis radice bulboſa cujus folia ad pannan conficiendum ſunt apta. Pluken. Alm. p. 19. Aloe mncronato folio Americana Major. Munt. Phyt. cur. p. 19. Tab. 91. Bog I can add nothing to the Deſcription extant in Authors. It grows frequently on the rocky ſmall Hills, in ſeveral places of this Iſland, in Braſile, New-Spain, &c. and Flowers generally about May, after- wards dying down, Root and all. The Stalk and Flowers being very ſtraight, and twenty Foot high, are planted before Houſes for May-Poles. The Leaves are us’d to fcour Rooms, Plates, or any thing withal, inſtead of Soap, having a viſcid Juice. It occaſions a great pricking and tingling in the Hands of thoſe which are beſmeared with it. Cloath is made of this, little inferior to Linnen Cloach, and Nets to Fiſh withal, both being made of the fibers of the Leaves. The Root or Leaves being freſh, and bruiſed, and thrown into water, kill the Fiſh, that they can eaſily be taken with the Hand. Marcgr. The Wood is as good as Touch-Wood to kindle Fire, Acoſta. or with another harder rub'd on it to beget Fire, and to hang Hamacs by. Marcgr. They put forth new Leaves, like Sedums, being hang'd up in a Room. Piſo's Figure is very faulty. It is ſomewhat doubtful whether this be the fame Plant grows in Mexico, calld Maguei or Meil. Columna thinks this differs from it. However moſt of the properties of that of Mexico agreeing to this, I have ſet down the uſes they in Mexico make of it, vize bard 419 od og solon 205 och Vood no soqqob obama mola di 10 nui raisi olla e About : 10 il bordly 313 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 247 About Mexico, and other places in Nova Hiſpania, there groweth a cer- tain Plant called Magueis, which yieldeth Wine, Vinegar, Honey, and black Sugar, and of the Leaves of it dried they make Hemp, Ropes, Shoes which they uſe, and Tiles for their Houſes, and at the end of every Leaf there groweth a ſharp point like an Awl, wherewith they uſe to bore or pierce through any thing Chilton. ap. Hakl. p. 3. p. 462. bonor There is much Honey, both of Bees, and alſo of a kind of Tree, which they call Magueiz. This Honey of Magueiz This Honey of Magueiz is not ſo ſweet as the other Honey is, but it is better to be eaten only with Bread than the other is, and the Tree ſerveth for many things, as the Leaves make Thread to ſow any kind of Bags, and are good to cover and Thatch Houſes, and for divers other things, Hawks ap Hakl. p. 2. p.464. where he tells us it grows about Mexico. p. 465. The Indians are given much to drink both Wine of Spain, and alſo a certain kind of Wine which they make with Honey of Magueiz, and Roots, and other things which they uſe to put into the ſame. They call the fame Wine Pulco, they are ſoon Drunk, and when ſo, are given to Sodomy, &c. where- fore all Wines are forbiden by a Penalty on Buyer and Seller . ib. beda There (in the way from Panuco to Mexico) alſo groweth a ſtrange Tree, which they call Magueiz, it ſerveth them to many uſes: below by the Root they make a hole whereat they do take out of it twice every day a certain kind of Liquor, which they Seeth in a great Kettle, till the third part be con- ſumed, and that it wax thick, it is as ſweet as any Honey, and they do eat it. Within twenty days after that they have taken all the Liquor from it, it withereth, and they cut it down, and uſe it as we uſe our Hemp here in Enga land, which done they convert it to many uſes, of ſome part they make Mantles, Ropes, and Thread: of the ends they make Needles to fow their Saddles, Pannels, and other Furniture for their Horſes, of the reſt they make Tiles to cover their Houſes, and they put it to many other purpoſes. Hortop. ap. Hakl. p. 3. P. 492. soit sav. 2011 The Magurie-Tree or Cabuya, yields Wine, Vinegar, Honey, Beds, Threads, Needles, (out of the prickles of the Leaves) Tables, and Hafts of Knives, beſides many medicinable uſes. Pedro. Ordonnes ap. Purchas,lib.7. cap. 4. p. 1421. ſpeaking of Nem-Spain, och brolino in 1 10 10 Oviedo in his Coronica de las Indias, lib. 7. cap. x. tells us that they make of this and Henequen, or Silk-Graſs, good Ropes. The Leaves are laid in Rivers, and covered with Stones, as Flax in Spain, for ſome days, then they dry them in the Sun, after clear them of filth, with which they make many things, eſpecially Hamacas, ſome of this is white, others reddiſh. The In- dians with theſe Threads have broke Priſons, and Chains of Iron ſeveral times; nay, on the Continent cut Anchors in pieces, rubbing it in the ſame place with this Thread, and putting now and then ſome ſmall Sand, taking a new firm place of the Thread as it breaks. WO Hernandez, whoſe Figure is not good, ſays this Plant alone is ſufficient for Fields and Gardens. The Leaves are good Thatch, the Stalks Beams. The fibrous or nervous part ſupplies the uſes of Flax, Hemp, or Cotton, to make Thread or Cloath ; the prickles are good for Pins, Needles, Nails, Bodkins, and Piercers to make holes in the Ears. The Indians likewiſe us'd them to do Pennance on their Bodies, neither were they unfit for Inſtruments of War. If this Plant be Lopt, or the Trunc cut off, there iſſues out forty or fifty Ar- robas (each of which is thirty two Pounds) of Liquor from each Plant, out of which is made Wine, Vinegar, Honey and Sugar, The Liquor is ſweer of its felf, and drinkable, growing by boiling thicker, curning firſt to Sy- rup, then to Sugar. They mix Water with the Juice, and fome Orange and Melon Seeds, adding likewiſe ſome intoxicating Ingredients, with which they love to be Drunk. Vinegar is made by mixing the Sugar with Water, and 248 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 20 and expoſing it nine days to the Sun. The Juice brings down the Catame- nii, is Diurerick, opens the Belly, cleanſes the Kidnies, Bladder, and Ure- ters, breaks the Stone, it is likewiſe vulnerary. The roſted Leaf, the Juice fqueez'd out with a little Nitre, takes away Scars if they be yet new, and anointed therewith. The Leaves and Trunc are, when bak'd, eatable. The Leaves, roſted and applied, remedy Convulſions, and take away Pains, eſpecially if the hot Juice be drank at the ſame time, even if they come from the French Diſeaſe. This Aloes after ſtanding one hundred years in Avinion, flowr'd with them, growing to its full Srature in forty five days, as may be feen by Fone tanus in his Epiſtle, in Clufius's Cure Poſteriores. You muſt not expect to make Aloes of the Shops of this. Col. The Mexican Hiſtory, apud Purchas, tells us that the Children of eight or nine years of Age, were chaſtiſed with the Thorns of this thruſt into their Bodies, for Diſobedience or Negligence, and the Prieſts corrected No- vices with them, and brought blood for Sacrifices. The Wine made of this had its inebriating quality from the Root, Tepatcli mix'd with it. f. 998. This is what the Women Cloath themſelves with in Sibola. Lop. de Go- mara. oool wol yan It is uſed for a Fence, andcalled Cardon ; Shirts and Hamacsare made of them. The Fume from it boiled, cures the Pox, cauſing very much ſweat. Cluf. yo es bow Laet tells us of Nequen, a Cloath for the meaner fort in New-Spain, made of Henequen. Orto This bruis’d and ſteep'd makes Flax, of which they make very white Cloachs. C. B. and of this I believe Clwfius's Thread was made, mentioned Exot. p. 6. to colo tisd not go 2o bos The Leaves boil'd yields Thread. The Root or Leaves bruiſed pur in a River, gives a Juice intoxicating the Fiſh chat they may be taken by Hand. The great Trunc, dried, burns like a match, eſpecially being rub'd againſt with another. Du Tertre. eobbing on The tops and tender Leaves make Conſerve, the Leaves are fic for Parch- ment, or Cards to write on, and the Vapour from large peices cures the Pox. Duret.adaaeda eu elion i bislo o qo boog andli& 10 V. Caraguata-acanga Pil Cat. p. 118. An Ananas fylveftris Brahliana Ker- bita vulgo. Herm. par. Bat. Cat. p. 3? Yellow Penguins of Dampier. cap. 9. Ananas Americana ſylveſtris altera minor Barbados do Inſui& Fama?ce Penguin dičia. Pluken. Phyt. Tah. 258. Fig. 4. Penguins. I cannot add any thing material to the Deſcription extant in ſeveral Au- thors. Ils oma torte bas won saiata bos It grows very plentifully in the Caribes, and Famaica, between Paffage Fort and the Town, as likewiſe towards the Sea-ſide by the Salt Ponds. The Fruit is very acceptable by reaſon of its grateful acidity, but it not only ſets the Teeth ſpeedily on edge, but likewiſe brings the skin off of the Roof of the Mouth and Tongue. It quenches Thirſt extremely, and on the landing of the Engliſh Forces on Hiſpaniola, in their want of water, was thought to ſave many Lives by that its quality. bol A Spoonful of the Juice with a little Sugar given to Children, cures them of Worms, and the Thruſh or Ulcers of the Mouth. It is good in Fe- vers. It is very Diuretick, and brings down the Cat amenia very powerfully, even to too great a quantity if the Doſe be not moderated. It cauſes Abortion in women with Child, of which Whores being not ignorant make frequent uſe of it to make away their Children. An excellent Wine is made Su 90 W diwasgue els gnix vd obsmet zagon of The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 249 of the Fruit, the Juice being ſqueez'd out and kept for uſe; but becauſe 'tis ſtrong, it intoxicates and hears the Blood. Pilo. Piſo's Figure is bad, as is Hernandez's, if this be it he means, to whichi the Deſcription in every thing agrees, but in the ſhortneſs of the Stalk, For de Laet thought it the ſame. dio lol lo oqsil od domogni The Fruit helps Ulcers in the Mouth from heat. Hern, lors It is antifcorbutick, and good in Fevers. Laet. VI. Aloe Tucce foliis. Cat. p. 118. An Aloe Americana non ſpinifira Tucce foliis Domini Bobart. Pluken. Alm. p.19. Tucca Virginiana foliis "per ambitum apprime flatis. Ejuſd. ib. p.396 ? Tuccafolia filamentoſa d kalbofa. Ejufd. ib? Aloe Pita dicta. Herm. par. Bat. cat. p. 3? Silk-Graſs.com This has long arundinaceous Leaves, and grows in the Caymanes . This I ſuppoſe to be what Lery tells us the Savages in Braſil made uſe of for Fiſhing-Lines, and Bow-Strings, and Du Tertre ſays, is made into Stock. ings and Hamacks. They make a running Knot faſt to a Tree, and ſo draw the Leaf through, firſt one way, and then another, and keep the Flax in their Hand. Tertre. In the Spaniſh Galeons that were taken at Vigo, was a good quantity of a kind of this, or Hemp, or Flax, the fibers whereof were three Yards long, and very ſtrong. It was of a grayiſh colour ; and I am told is brought to Spain to be wrought, either there or in Italy, into Point called Punta da pitan In the Eaſt-Indies, in the Kingdom of Orixa, near the River Ganges, grows a Plant, wich yields fibers as Flax or Hemp, or this Aloes. The fibers are whiter than thoſe of the Aloes, and finer, and of theſe mention is made in Hakluyt, in the two following places.lom oddguou brno Cloath of Herbs, which is a kind of Silk, which groweth amongſt the Woods, without any labour of Man, and when the Bole thereof is grown round as big as an Orange, then they take care only to gather them. Fres derick ap. Hakl. p.2. p. 230 ? In Orixa is Cloath made of Cotton, and great ſtore of Cloath which is made of Grafs, which they call Terva, it is like a Silk, they make good Cloath of it, which they ſend for India, and divers other places.. Fitch. ap. Hakl.p. 237. osti VII. Aloe viſci in modum arboribus innaſcens. Cat. p. 119: The Leaves of this are very large, and like thoſe of Aloes, always ready, and fit to retain the Rain water, ſeveral Stalks riſe up from among them a- bout three Foot high, their tops being Cones or Spikes a Foot long, befer very thick on every hand with an Inch long Foot-Stalks, fuſtaining each ſea veral Heads, ſometimes lower, and fometimes higher. They are oblong, roundilh, in the middle biggeſt, and have each a red top, and three prickles going out thereat. bro It grows on the large Arms and Truncs of great Trees eſpecially thoſe de caying through Age. In ſcarcity of Wells or water in dry Countries, Travellers come to this for relief, it being capable to hold much pure water, able to extinguiſh their Thirſt. The beſt Polypody grows on this. The Thread lies on the Surface, whereas in the other Aloes it lies within Tertre. od 9 This ſeems to be mention'd by Knivet, viz. Thus ſeeing my ſelf at the lait caſt, I eſpied a great Tree, in which grew a thing of thick long Leaves, called by the Indians Caravala; as big as the Neſt of an Eagle, I got me into that, &c. Knivet. ap. Purchas, lib. 6. cap. 7. Q. 2. p.12 10. where he hid himfelf in it from the Indians ſhooting at him. Sff VIII. Orchis 250 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. VIII. Orchis elatior latifolia afphodeli radice, Spica ftrigoſa. Cat. p. 119. Tab. 147. Fig. 2, The Root of this was double, fungous, two or three Inches long, be- ing ſomewhat of the ſhape of thoſe of the Aſphodel's or Oenanthe's, and nor ſo round as thoſe of the Orchides Teſticulata. The Stalk was about a Foot and an half high, being ſlender, jointed, and beſet with Leaves alterna- tively, which had Foor-Stalks of about an Inch long, by their under part next the Stalk incompaſſing it, and making a Sheath for it. The Leaves are about three Inches long, and one and an half broad in the middle where broadeſt, whence they decreaſe to both extremes, ending in a point, being nervous, and ſomething like the Leaves of Saponaria. The top of the Stalk, about two Inches in length, is a ſlender Spike of Flowers, under each of which is a ſmall membranous Leaf: the Petiolus of the Flower is crooked, he Spur blunt, the Labellum ſmall, and the Galea large, and divided as others of this Kind. It grew in the Woods of Mount Diablo. IX. Viſcum radice tulbosâ majus & elatius, delphinii flore ferrugineo guttato. Cat. p. 119. Tab. 148. Fig. I. An Tzaux ochitl. Hernandez. p. 433. vel Amazautli. Ejuſd. p. 349 - Uracatu Marcgr. p. 35? This grows on the Truncs and Arms of Trees, as Miſleroe, or others of this Kind, and is the largeſt of all thoſe I have met with of its fort. The Roots are large, and the Leaves many, long, narrow, ſmooth, of a dark green colour, and ſomewhat like thoſe of our common White Lillies. The Stalk is round, tough, brown, crooked, riſing fix Foot high, and join at every eight or nine Inches diſtance, where are Branches ſtanding ſtraight out with ſeveral Flowers, whoſe Foot-Stalks are an Inch long. The Flowers, themſelves are of fix or ſeven Petala, each of which is narrow at the begin- ning, and round towards its end, being of the ſhape of a Spoon, only not hollow, of a ferrugineous colour, and ſpotted, except one difform, hooded Petalum, which is in the middle of a white colour, and within which are ſeveral Orange colour'd Stamina. It grows on the Truncs and Arms of Trees, between the Town and the Salt-Ponds X. Viſcum radice bulboſa minus, delphinii flore rubro fpeciofo. Cat. p. 119. Tab. 121. Fig. 2. 4n viſcum arboreum feu epidendron fcile foliis Barbadenfium. Pluk. Alm. p.3902 This has a great many white, thick fibers or Roots, like the fibers of Leeks, or Capreoli of Ivy, taking firm hold of the Trees Bark whereon it grows, and being matted, or interwoven one within another. When united they ſend up one thick greeniſh, almoſt round, a little compreſs’d bulbous or tuberous Leaf or Root, of an Inch Diameter, cover'd with ſome brown wither'd Filaments. From the top of this comes two ſmooth, ſtriated, hol- low, hard, light colour'd green Leaves, three Inches long, and one broad, between which ſprings out a naked, brown, jointed, round, ſmooth Stalk, about a Foor high; near, and at the top of which ſtand ſeveral long, red- dilh purple Flowers, very beautiful, made up of fix Petala, five whereof are broader, and ſhorter than the others of this Kind, ſtanding round, and inclofing in their Center a fixth large difform one, or inward Flower, like the Flower of Lark-Spurs, which is in the inner part thereof yellowiſh, with purple ſtreaks. It The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 251 It grows on the Ebonies, and other Trees in the Savanna Woods, very plentifully, as alſo on the Paliſadoes incloſing the Gardens of the Town of St. Jago de la Vega. Terrentius ap. Hernand his Deſcription is as exact as can be from the Figure of this Plant. XI. Viſcum delphinii flore minus, petalis è viridi albicantilus anguftioribes raó dice filrosa. Cat. p. 120. Tab.1 21. Fig. 3. Orchidi affinis planta paraſitica folio craſſo ſulcato. Par. Bat. p. 187. Epidendron Curaſſavicum folio craffo ſulcato vulgo. Ejuſd. ibidem. Several Capreoli, a little longer, but of the colour and bizneſs of thoſe of climbing Ivy, warp and knit themſelves one within another, ſticking very cloſe on every ſide to the Bark of the Tree, or Paliſado, or even into the Body of the Tree, (for the moſt part rotten) on which they grow. From thoſe Roors come out ſeveral purpliſh, round, jointed Stalks, from the upper- moſt joint, about two or three Inches from the Root, (each of the under Ina ternodiums being very ſhort) ſtands one pointed Leaf, which is very thick or almoſt round, three or four Inches long, of the bigneſs of a Gooſe- Quill, the two inſides flatted, purpliſh in colour. Out of the inſide of this, upon a three, four, or five Inches long, green, round Foot-Stalk, or top of the Stalk come ſeveral Flowers, having a long green Calyx, with five green iſh white, narrow Petala, ſtanding Star-faſhion, and in the middle is one white hooded, large, difform Petalum, of a very odd ſhape, and to theſe follow an angular Tricapſular knob, very like thoſe of ſeveral of the bulbous Tribe, in which is contained a white, very ſmall Farina. It grows on old Paliſadoes and Trees, about the Town of St. Jago de la Vega. XII. Viſcum delphinii flore albo guttato minus, radice fibrosa. Cat. p. 120. Tab. 148. Fig.2. This from a matted Root like the others of this Kind, fends out ſeveral Leaves three Inches long, and not one quarter broad, almoſt triangular, and of a yellowiſh green colour, from the midſt of which comes a Stalk in every thing like the former, only the Flowers are more, and different, viz. each is made up of four little white Petala, ſpotted with brown, and one large one with fewer ſpots, on which is a ſmall yellow Hood, as in the Flowers of Larks-Spurs, and oppoſite to it, one like it of a blue colour, all ſtand- ing on Inch long foot-Stalks, round the top of the Stalk. It grows on the Ebonies every where, eſpecially on the way towards the Angels. XII. Viſcum delphinii flore minimum. Cat. p. 120. Tab. 148. Fig. 3. This was for Roots, manner of growth, &c exactly the ſame with the preceding, only much leſſer. The Leaves were ftriated, green, carinated, and long, the Stalk not over three Inches high, having two or three leſſer Leaves on it. On the top of the Stalk were four or five Flowers, ſtanding on crooked, large Foot-Stalks, which are the Rudiments of the Fruit. The Flowers were ſo ſmall that their Petala and parts were not eaſily to be diſtinctly diſcerned, but I ſuppoſe they were the fame with the others. It grew on the Truncs of Trees by the way going to Guanaboa on the Red Hills and other places. This is very like Tsjerou-Mau-Maravara. H. M. p. 12. p.11. Tab: 5: but lefler. XIV Nym 252 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica dobrinododano XIV. Nympea alba major. C. B. Cat.p. 120. 30 I could not obſerve any difference between that here and in Europe. It grows in a Pond near the Angels, on the freſh water Laguna in the Casa manes, and in the way to it very plentifully. We are told it grows in Java, by Bout. p. 129. It is for qualities the ſame with the European being dry. The Leaves ap- plied cure hot Ulcers, Inflammations, and the Eriſypelas of the Legs. The Oil of its Root is likewiſe moſt excellent againſt both inward and outward hot Diſtempers, the Root boiled is accounted an Alimentary Medicine, by way of Sallar, and cures Fluxes of Blood. Piſo.in it extinguiſhes the Appetite to Venery both inwardly and outwardly uſed. Ger. The Infuſion of the Flowers in water for a night, drank in the morning, is uſed by the Turks to keep them from the Head-ach. Dorft. In Ferdinando de Soto's Expedition into Florida, written by a Portugal of El- vas, p.54. ap. Purckas,p. 1533. The Indians being furrounded in a Lake by the Chriſtians, they endeavour'd their eſcape in the night, with theſe Was ter-Lily-Leaves on their Heads. XV. Nymphea Indica flore candido folio in ambitu (errato, Commel. Cat. p. 120. Nymphea Indica crenata flore pleno, candido, Pluk. Alm. p. 267. Nymphea Æ- gyptiaca alba folio crenato radiee tuberoſa. Bob. hiſt . part. 3. p. 513. An Nym- phea Malabarica alba, crenat is foliis, radice fibrosa floribus ex albo reſaceis. Ej. ib? This differs from the former by its indented Leaves, which are deeply cut in on the edges, agreeing with the Deſcription and Figure of this Plant ex- tant in Authors It grew on the Freſh River going up to the Laguna, The Egyptians eat the Stalks in the Heats. They uſe the Leaves and Flowers, as likewiſe the Juice for all hot Pains, Inflammations, Burnings, Ulcers, &c. as likewiſe the Oils, which are uſed in want of Sleep. The Seed and Roots are uſeful in Dyſenteries, Diarrheas, Gonorrhaas, and the Fluor albus; but it makes People frigid, therefore 'tis us'd by Hermits. Alp. The Egyptians make their Sarbet Nufar of Sugar diſſolv'd, from which the water is evaporated till it Candy's, then they put to it ſuch a ſmall quantity of the depurared Juice of this Plant, ſo as not to hinder its Concretion. Vefling This was carried to the Indies by way of Merchandiſe. Bod.wores Salmaſius mended Pliny putting the word Reſidentibus for Recedentibus; for it grows on the top of the water. Pliny tells us it was uſed for Bread by the Egyptians, and that when hot it was good, never occaſioning Looſenels or Tenemus. Diodorus Siculus, mentions it among the Edibles of Egypt. It extinguiſhes Venery very much. 7. B. Its Root is uſed as Meat. The Root is alſo given in Decoction for the Dyfuria. The Seeds candied with Sugar take off the heat of the Bones, The Leaves, beaten together with thoſe of Ottel Ambel, and boild with But- ter, makes an errhinum which is good for pain’d Eyes. H. M. The Ambel of the H.M. and the Lotus Ægyptia of Alpinus, ſeem to me to differ in very little from each other. j XVI. Nymphea minoris affinis Indica flore albo pilofo. Commelin. Cat. p. 121. Nymphea Indica ſubrotundo folio minor, flore albo fimbriato. Plukenet. Alm. p. 267. Nymphoides Indica flore albo fimbriato. Tournef. Inft. p. 154. VI This The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica 253 This had a Leaf ſomewhat like Coltsfoot, which floated on the top of the water like the Leaves of Water-Lilies, each Leaf was roundiſh, and about two Inches Diameter, having a defect towards the Foot-Stalk, being thick, of a yellowiſh green colour, and ſmooth without any appearing Nerves in it. The Foot-Stalks of each Leaf were about a Foot long, or reached to the bottom of the water, round, and browniſh, and out of them, juſt under the Leaf its ſelf, came the Flowers, which were ſeveral, fome on Inch long, others on ſhorter Foot-Stalks, being encloſed in a Calyx, made up of ſeveral ſmall Leaves, like the former, and containing in rotten Heads, ſome pretty large Seeds. DESHE fond flait en insig in It grew on the ſurface of ſtanding waters in the Savannas, where they were not deep. posms nied The whole Plant, bruiſed and boiled with Butter, taken inwardly, is an Antidote againſt the biting of the Snake called Cobra Capella. H.M. aisgs brelio i wong XVII. Nympheæ affinis paluſtris, plantaginis aquaticæ folio, flore hexapetalo ſtellari cæruleo. Cat. p. 121. Tab. 149. Fig. 1. glow bas do This has a great many white fibers, like thoſe of the Roots of a Leek, and ſeveral Leaves, the Stalks of which inclofe one another, and are full of Cells or Membranes, as other watry Plants. Theſe Foot-Stalks are a- bout ſeven Inches high, and about their middle, like to the Figures of Gra- men Parnaſſi , ſend out an Inch long Foot-Stalk, ſuſtaining a blue, hexape- talous, ſtarry Flower, after which follows a great many ſmall, flat, blue Seeds. The Foot-Stalks have at their ends green, roundiſh, nervous Leaves, like thoſe of the lefler Water Plantains. It It grows in the Savannas, in places where water has ſtood, moſt part of the year. ed This is of the fame Kind with Carim-Gold. H. M. P. II. p. 91. Tab. 44- only leffer and fewer Flowers come out together. mootos belle 2017 99wed and most omol XVIII. Canna Indica. Riv. Cat.p. 121. De Bry Florileg. Canna Indica flore rubro. Swert. part. 2. Tab. 32. Cannacorus latifolius vulgaris . Tournef. El.p.295. Inft. p. 367. Canna Indica ſylveſtris fructu faxea duritiei, & gyph adinftar, manſa ſu) dentibus ſcrupolo, Wild Plantine Barbadenſibus dicta. Pluken. Alm.p.8o. It grows in the Lower Grounds very commonly, having ſcarlet coloured Flowers. The Leaves are cold in the ſecond Degree, and cleanſing. They are uſe- ful againſt many cutaneous, inward and outward Diſtempers. Applied to the right Hypochondre, with White Water Lily, and Aninga Oil, they cure an over-heated Liver, or Spleen. The Gum coming out of this Plant does the fame. Piſo. colonsa progebra The Seeds are made into praying Beads. Marcgr. blog que This Plant repels Tumours, for the Root which is uſed is glewy, of a ſweet taſt, and cold and moiſt. Hern. Wong It ſeems to wrap up Gum Elemmi. Bauh. It grows very well under the water Spouts in Portugal. Cluf. Out of the Fruit, a little roſted, a Juice is drawn, which put into the Ears eaſes their pain. Of the fame, and Sugar is made a Maſs, which ap- plied to the Navel cures the Diabetes, proceeding of hot Fevers. The Juice of the Root weakens the Poiſon of Mercurius Sublimatus. H. M. XIX. Canna Indica radice alba alexipharmaca. Cat. p. 122. Tab. 149. Fig. 2. Canna Indica anguſtifolia, pediculis longis ad imum folium, node fingulari genia cularis. Pluken. Alm. p. 79. Indian Arrow-Root. Ttt This cas The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. or This has a two or three Inches long, jointed Root, as big as ones Thumb; white, tapering, each internodium being half an Inch long, and at the joint having ſeveral two or three Inches long fibers to draw its Nouriſhment from the Earth. From this Root rife ſeveral Leaves, having three Inches long, broad, Foot-Stalks, incloſing one another with a white Ring ar the Leaves ſetting on, they are four Inches long, and two broad, near the round Baſe, where broadeſt : thin, nervous, grafſie, and of a yellowiſh green colour, in every thing like the Canna Indica. The Flowers, by their Buds, ſeem to agree in every thing with the foregoing, only are ſmaller. 29volan This Plant was firſt brought from the Iſland Dominica, by Colonel fames Walker, to Barbados, and there planted. From hence it was ſent to Jamaica, being very much eſteem'd for its Alexipharmack qualities. That Gentle man obſerved the Native Indians uſed the Root of this Plant with ſucceſs, againſt the Poiſon of their Arrows, by only maihing and applying it to the poiſon'd Wounds. 6.The Root of this bruiſed and applied remedies the Poiſon of the Mançaneel and Waſps of Guadaloupe, even ſtopping a begun Gangreen. Zertre. Rochef. 70 2001 on lo slod; sodan asrl 11 am inclinable to think this to be mentioned by Harcourt to grow in Guiana, where he ſays that the Juice of the Leaf called Uppee, cures the Wound of the Poiſoned Arrows. Harcourt ap. Purchas, lib. 6. cap. 6. p.1276. and by Sir Walter Rawleigh, where he tells us that there is a Root called To para, the Juice ſerving for ordinary Poiſon, quenching the heat of burning Fe- vens, healing inward Wounds, and Veins bleeding within the Body, Sir Walter Raleigh, p. 59. ap. Hakl. p. 649. I believe this alſo to be that Root ſpoke of by Lopez de Gomaraz to be a Counter-poiſon to the Manganeel, which he ſays grows in Cartagena, and was ſaid to be the Herb wherewith Alexana der heald Ptolomy, and which was diſcovered by a Moor in Catalonia, and was called Scorçonera, in which he might be eaſily miſtaken, there being ſome reſemblance between the Root of this plant and of that. Fob Florton. ap. Hakl. p. 3. p. 487, fays that eight of their Men, with their General and Captain Dudley, going alhore at Cape Verd, were by the Negros there wounded with poiſoned Arrows, amongſt which the eight died, the General being cured by a Clove of Garlick drawing the Poiſon out of his Wound, he being taught it by a Negro. bord bol od ni twarga 219 wol --XX: Alanefolia per terram fparfa, flore hexapetalo purpureo. Cat. p. 122. • This from a ſmall fibrous Root, ſends out ſeveral Branches lying along the Ground, red, of about a Foot in length, having Leaves like thole of Chickweed, ſet one againſt another at equal diſtances along the Stalk: the Flowers ſtand at the ends of the Branches are few hexapetalous, of a purple colour. After theſe follows a green Head, incloſing feveral roundiſh, flat, brown Seeds. lw 100.1 or 10 womur lurasti eidt It grows every where in the Savannas, eſpecially in dry places. ja soov] Балалар спорт от еfinola od of 200g mew er nobelow 197 BWOTS eild on ang bidy dyb zi goiul a boilor lui on lo -96 obidy Msubsm zingua bus omongaarlo 25lss en soigt od 19val jed te obosong 2013daid orla arte buchi ona o baila NA novidad monitora yo lo molio or anolbow 100% CHAP sippedI.1.$.10 ans de la indeos dina imalarga short tidlo som bor med gluthat banho 10031-wonA cik cala The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 255 "1. SI 25182 voro zilia Stonit o ano it - I slod3o obbim oral woo loow diw bravo 1997 steg boden is n9573 ya 20 qu obsm CHA P. XVII. and book ons bris digid i Mid gibre att slquucomo) 2916 cogit Of Herbs whofe Flowers are compoſed of ſeveral Flowers. binius 090dis 000 7591 Vaga Onchus Lavis Cord. hiſt. Cat. p. 122. Common ſmooth Sowthiſtle. This is common every where through the whole Ifland. i 2007 It is cooling and adſtringent, and good for hot and burning Sto- machs. It increaſes Milk. It is proper for pains and gnawings of the Stomach. It is a remedy againſt the bitings of Scorpions. Fuchf. It begets Milk in Nurſes, in Peffaries it is good for Inflammations of thofe parts. Lon. brord Isins bar stro bus stop cortoor They are eat in Italy, eſpecially the tender Roots by way of Sallet. Math. sein woloo trong tsb 10 loombard Arion banore ai abng ng II. Sonehuis afper laciniatus. Park. Cat. p. 123.cogba od zuds besabat 10 I found this on the fide of a Hill near Mr. Batchelor's Houſe, about four Miles from the Town of St. Fago de la Vega. ris le oto onto 2008 It is good againſt cold Pains of the Stomach, and Obſtructions of the Liver, and Gall Bladder. Adv. oslo bidesto bibi bobivib non lavori nibal le-3007 yas quödiw213 wolu od onog JIE. Hieracium fruticofum, angreiflimis gramineis foliis, capitulis parvis , Cat. p. 123. Tab. 149. Fig. 3. 25993 euogoro wollo storlu TA OLIO This had a whitiſh oblong Root, with ſeveral fibers to draw its Nouriſh- ment, from whence roſe a folid, ſtraight, ſtriated, green, ſmall Stalk, about a Foor high, having Branches ſet oppoſite one to the other, going out of the Ale of the Leaves. The Leaves were about two or three Inches long, and very hard, like thoſe of Graſs, without any «Foot-Stalks, ending in points, by which this may be fufficiently diſtinguith'd from all I have hitherto feen of this Kind. The tops of the Twigs have ſmall Heads of Flowers' and after them a long pappous Seed, as others of this Kind. I am not certain where I found this. IV. Hieracium minimum, longis integris & anguftis foliis. Cat. p.123. Tab. 150. Fig. I. Gods From a ſmall, fibrous, oblong Root, ſprings one round, red Stalk, three or four Inches high, having here and there, without any order, little Branches ſet with many long, not indented, nor finuated, narrow Leaves. Their edges are hairy, and their backſides ſpotted with blackiſh ſpots. At the tops of the Branches ſtand yellow Flowers, in every thing like thoſe of the other Hieraciumsan. at arwold or amoso SDISIO It grows every where in the drier or ſandy places of the Town Savanna. To sorrisonttolo V V. Dens leonis, folio fubtus incano, flore purpureo. Cat. p. 123. Tab. 150. Fig. 2. namento This has ſeveral reddiſh, Inch long Roots, which united make an half Inch long white one, ſending forth round the top of the Root, on the ſur- face of the Ground, a great many Leaves three Inches long, and one broad, near the end where broadeſt. The Leaves have near the Root ſeveral deep Inciſures or jags, and there they are narrow, as the others of this Kind. The upper ſide of the Leaf is of a dark green colour, and under it is very white or woolly, and in every thing for ſhape it is like the Leaf of our common S 70 IV Deng 250 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Dens Leonis. In the middle of theſe Leaves riſe one or more Stalks, they are naked, pale green, covered with Wool or Down, a Foot and an half high, and the Head has on the outſide a Calyx, made up of many green Leaves, fome purple Petala ſtanding round a whitiſh hairy Matter, after which follows pappous Seeds, ſtanding round, ready to fly away when ripe, like the Seeds of the common Dens Leonis. It grew near Colonel Cope's Plantation at Guanaboa. The Decoction is given to Women in Childbed. It diſſipates Wind, pro- vokes the Catamenia, is good againſt Convulſions, takes away Gripes, and is a remedy againſt all ſorts of Cold, for it is hot and bitter. Hernand. w pon VI. Conyza major inodora, helenii folio integro ficco & duro, cichorii flore albo è ramorum lateribus exeunte. Cat. p. 123. Tab. 150. Fig. 3,4. This at firſt coming up has a great many Leaves, like thoſe of the Facobæ folio integro, five Inches long, and one and an half broad near the end where broadeſt, beginning very narrow, it continues ſo for two Inches of its length, and ends in a round point, 'tis hard, ſmooth, of a dark green colour, ſnipt or indented about the Edges. In a while after theſe Leaves riſes a round, ſtrong, green Stalk, four Foot high, from every joint, ar a quarter of an Inches interval , goes one of theſe Leaves, incloſing the Stalk where it is join'd to it. It has Branches towards the top, ſtanding round at every joint, divided into others, which are beſet with leſſer Leaves. Ex alis foli- oruns come the Flowers, without any Foot-Stalk, ſtanding in ſeveral green Leaves, being a great many white, long, Petala, ſtanding round like thoſe of Cichory. After theſe follow pappous Seeds, This is very anomalous, but I think it comes neareſt to this place, al- though, if I rightly remember, 'tis not milky. 3101 - It grew on the other ſide of the Rio Cobre, near the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, in Guanaboa, near Colonel Cope's Houſe in his Plantation, and in the Thickets, near the Moneque Savanna, very plentifully. soli bisi ciov The Stalks and Leaves of this Plant being hard, are made uſe of for Brooms to ſweep and clean Houſes withal. 1 10 2003 lo acou on baizi 20 do o uogoso goog mer VII. Conyza inodora, helenii folio, integro, duro, anguſto, oblongo, capitulis in lateribus ramorum conglomeratis. Cat. p. 123. Tab. 148. Fig. 4. This had a large oblong Root, with ſome lateral fibrils, from whence roſe a ſingle, round, ftriated, hollow Stalk, about two Foot high, having Leaves ſer on it alternatively, without any Foot-Stalks, their lower part whereby they are joined to the Stalk, having a membrane incloſing it. Theſe Leaves are about five Inches long, and half an Inch broad near their cop where broadeſt, from the Foot-Stalk, increaſing to near the top, where they are broadeſt, ending round, being of a pale green colour, and corrugated on their ſurface. Towards the top come the Flowers in a Spike, ſtanding with- out any Foot-Stalks, being incloſed with a Perianthium, made of ſome few dry membranes of a brown colour, ſometimes one of theſe, and ſome- times many being conglomerated together. After each of theſe follows ſmall, brown cannulated Seeds, having much Pappus on it. I found it about Mount Diablo very plentifully. libberova ad eidt Any body who compares this Deſcription and Figure with thoſe of Cbrg- fanthemum Virginianum caule alato ramohus flore minore, Pluk. Phyt. Tab. 139. Fig. 3. Alm. p. 100. will find them very different from one another, though Dr. Plukenet in his Almageft. p. 46. thinks they may be the ſame. i 10 edib Burwore boos bremolo noig 1 5 10 obitnou momomo 20 109 ) odle si se ogni provo ni brs loow To VIII. Conyza The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 257 bo O gnol - TO 100 dum ein VII. Conyza fruticoſa, ciſti odore, floribus pallide purpureis, ſummitatibus ra- malorum infidentibus, capitulis obu femine minoribus. Cat. p. 123. Tab. 151. Fig. 2. WO Sodi mo yo This Shrub riſes to about fix or ſeven Foot high, it has ſeveral Stems as big as ones Thumb, covered with a reddiſh brown Ropy, or membranaceous tough Bark, and the Branches go out oppoſite one to the other, or fometimes three together, they are thick fer with Leaves, ſtanding on a qnarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks; they are Inch long, half as broad near the round Baſe where broadeſt, the Nerves running from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center, they are ſomewhat rough, viſcid and ſmell like thoſe of Ciftus. The tops are branched out into ſeveral Foot-Stalks, fuſtaining ſe- veral naked Heads like thoſe of Facobea of a pale purple colour. After theſe follow many ſmall, light brown, oblong, canulared pappous Seeds. There are ſome ſmall varieties of this. It grows by the way going to Guanaboa on the Red Hills, and on Mount Diablo on a ſmall Savanna very plentifully. Hood boowels and ein IX. Conyza fruticoſa, ciſti odore, floribus pallide purpureis fummitatibus 7d- mulorum infidentibus, capitulis di ſemine majoribus. Cat. p. 124. Tab. 151. Fig. 3. bsold on Lion 910 gaied all 'Tis in every thing like the former , only ſeemed ſomewhat larger, the Heads were alſo much larger, being incloſed by ſeveral Leaves of a brown colour, ſurrounding Squammatim the Flowers and Seed. X. Conyza fruticoſa, folio haftato, flore pallide purpureo. Cat. p. 124. Eupa- torium Americanum, foliis urtica mollibus do incanis. Tournef. Inft.p. 456. An Conyza Americana urticæ folio flore cæruleo. hort. Amft. p.99 ? This by a large woody Stalk riſes to about ſeven Foot high, the Bark is of a whitiſh colour, the Branches are quadrangular, and ſet oppoſite one to another. The Leaves ſtand likewiſe on the ends of the Twigs on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, oppoſite one to the other, being almoſt triangular, an Inch and an half long, and more than an Inch broad at Baſe, a little hairy, having Ribs run through the Leaf to the ſeveral parts of it from the end of the Foot- Stalk. They are of a yellowiſh green colour, and very odoriferous. Ex alis foliorum towards the tops are ſmall two Inches long Stalks, having here and there fmaller Leaves of the ſame ſhape with the larger, ſupporting ſe- veral naked Flowers, each whereof have an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, is naked, and compoſed of many pale purple Flowers with their ſeveral Sta- mina, ſtanding very cloſe by one another, and all incloſed by many green, long, ſcaly Leaves. After theſe follow ſeveral ſmall, oblong, cannulated, or ftriated Seeds, of a light brown or gray colour, having ſome ſtiff pappous hairs on their ends. It grows every where about the Town. It is counted an admirable vulnerary, being only beaten and applied, having cur'd one who was Lanc'd through the Body at the taking of the Iſland. There is a variety in this, the Leaves being ſometimes more hairy, and ſmaller. SOS bus 1001 Orruphino tloomil 01993 XI. Conyza fruticoſa flore pallide purpureo, capitulis è lateribus ramulorum Spicatim exeuntibus . Cat . p. 124. An Cotino affinis arbor Americana, Tremate Braſilienſibus. Marcgr. Pluken. Alm. p. 1212 euoda U 0 This 258 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. This Shrub riſes to four or five Foot high, having a round, whitiſh, woody Stalk, its Branches come out at top, and are reflected, or bow downwards. Thc Twigs are thick ſet with ſmall Leaves, coming out alter- natively on ſhort, or no Foot-Stalks, they are ſomewhat curled, or uneven on their furface like Sage Leaves, an Inch and an half long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where broadeſt, ending in a point, and being whiter on the under fide. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, which are of a light purple colour, like the others of this Kind, incloſed with fome pale brown Leaves. After theſe follow ſmall, oblong, white pappous Seeds. It grows in the clear'd Woodlands at the Creſcent Plantation, and in the Caribe Iſlands. The bruiſed Leaves are good againſt Pains and Inflammations of the Eyes. The Leaves and pappous Seeds, becauſe of their being Aromatick, are good in Baths to cleanſe and ſcour. Piſo. XII. Conyza major odorata, ſex baccharis, floribus purpureis nudis. Cat. p. 124. Tab. 152. Fig. 1. This has a large, woody, ſhort Root, having very many fibrils on every fide. The Stalk riſes as high as that of Baccharis Monſpelienhum. Ger. Park. being round purple, ſolid, having Leaves ſtanding without any order, on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being three Inches long, one broad in the middle where broadeſt, rough, and notch'd about the edges The Stalks are di- vided towards the top into ſeveral Branches, each being ſubdivided into fe- veral others, on the tops of which are round, purple Heads, of the bigneſs of thoſe of the Baccharis Monſpelienſium, conſiſting of an innumerable com- pany of dry Petala, and white Down, almoſt like thoſe of Gnaphalium America- num, after which in ſmall time follow many ſmall, browniſh, cannulated, Poto pappous Seeds. The whole Plant is very gratefully odoriferous. It grew by the Sea-ſide in the Mariſh Grounds by Mr. Delacree's in Lie guanel. PO XIII. Conyza urticæ folio. Cat. p. 124. Tab. 152. Fig. 2. led This had ſeveral white, ſtrong filaments for Roots, with lateral fibers, from which went up a ſquare, reddiſh coloured, woody Stalk, a foot and an half high, more or leſs. The Leaves, as well as Branches, ſtand oppoſite to one another, the firſt on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being about an Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad in their middle where broadeſt, hairy, from their Foot-Stalks end increaſing to the middle, and thence decreaſing to a point, being very much ſerrated abour the edges, and like the Leaves of Nettles. The Flowers and Seed come at top, the latter being cannulated, ſmall, black and pappous, incloſed with ſmall Leaves for their Calyx, fet round them ſquammatim, as in others of this Kind. It grows in Jamaica and the Caribes. XIV. Conyza folio haft ato, ſeu triangulari, ferrato, glabro. Cat. p. 124. Tab. 153. Fig. 1, 2. home sten This Plane has a long, white Roor, with ſeveral lateral fibrils, ſending up a green, ſmooth fourſquare Stalk, one Foot and an half high, bigger than a Swans-Quill . At an Inch and an half's diſtance the Branches come out ſet op- poſite one to the other, and the Leaves on the Branches in like manner, ſtanding on Inch long Foot-Stalks, being almoſt triangular, they are an Incle broad at Baſe, and a little longer from the Foot-Stalks end to the op- poſite point, ferrated pretty deep on the edges of a yellowiſh green colour, being The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 259 being nervous, having Ribs running through them like thoſe of Plan- tain. The Flowers come at top of the Branches, are whitiſh and naked like thoſe of Groundſel, and after them follows a ſmall, pappous, cannulated, brown Seed. There is a variety of this, having the Leaves as it were eared at Baſe. It grew in Colonel Nedham's Plantation in Sixteen Mile Walk. Tona XV. Conyza minor procumbens fætida, flore luteo, Seminibus tomento obduétis. Cat. p. 124. Tab. 153. Fig. 3. Several Strings, or brown, ſmall fibrils, fend forth on all Hands ſquare Stalks, of about a Foot in length, at every two or three Inches of which are joints, and from theſe proceed the Branches, Twigs and Leaves. The Leaves are hairy all over, without any Foot-Stalks, an Inch long, and half as broad in the middle, where broadeſt, ſnipt, or indented about the edges, of a yellowiſh green colour, and unſavory ſmell . The Flowers ſtand many to- gether on the tops of the Branches, and ex alis foliorum, and are of a yellow colour. After theſe follow a great many long, black Seeds, covered all over with a white Wool. It grows in ſeveral places where Woods have been clear'd in moſt Planta- tions of the Iſland. XVI. After folio oblongo, integro, flore pallide cæruleo. Cat. p. 1 24. This riſes about a Foot and an half high, with a reddiſh, round, ſmooth Stalk, having long pointed Leaves, broadeſt in the middle, a little whitiſh, ſmooth, without any notches on the edges. The Flowers are many, of a very light blue colour, the middle and Barbula being both of the ſame colour. I did not obſerve whether the Seeds were pappous or not, ſo know not whether it be a true Aſter or Chryſanthemum aſteris facie. It grows in moiſt watery places in the Savannas about the Town. The Deſcription of this ſhews it to be very different from the After nova Belgie latifolius umbellatus floribus dilute violaceis . Herm. Hort. Leyd. This I take notice of, becauſe Doctor Plukenet in his Mantiſ. p. 29. thinks they may be the ſame. XVII. After canadenſis annaus non deſcriptus. Brunyer. Hort. Bleſ. Cat. p. 124. Conyza acris annua alba hirſuta major. Pluken. Alm. p. 117. I found this in ſeveral places of this Iſland, as likewiſe plentifully in the Caribes. XVIII. Senecio major florum calyce purpureo. Cat. p. 124. This has ſeveral white fibrils, going out of every ſide of an oblong, reddiſh Root, from whence ſprings up a round, green, juicy Stalk, about one Foot and an half high. It has Leaves irregula ly plac'd, and thick ſet on every ſide without any Foot-Stalks, about four Inches long, and an Inch Broad near the farther end where broadeſt, beginning narrow, increaſing to near the end, whence it ſtraitens, ending in a point, being very much fi- nuated, or jagged on the edges like ordinary Groundſel . At the top come the Flowers, being many, naked, of a yellowiſh white colour. The caly- cular Leaves are purple, and each ſtands on ſometimes a longer, and ſome- times a ſhorter Foot-Stalk. It grew in the clear'd Ground in Colonel Nedham's Plantation in fixteen Mile Walk This ſeems to me įto [be very different from the Senecio viſcolus Æthiopi- Cus flore parpureo. Breyn. cent. As may be eaſily gathered from their Titles and Deſcriptions. Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiſſa, p. 170. thinks they may be the fame. XIX. Senecie 260 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. XIX. Senecio minor, bellidis majoris folio. Cat. p. 125. Tab. 152. Fig. 3. This has ſeveral Inch and an half long, ſmooth, ſmall, white Roots, no bigger than Thread. The Stalk is round, hoary, about five or fix inches high, having ſome few Leaves on them, without any order. The Leaves have no Foot-Stalks, but ſtick to the Stalk with a narrow beginning, and aug. ment to their round end, being in all about an Inch long, rough, hoary, and of a whitiſh green colour, very often having two or three notches in them, and like in ſhape to the Leaves of the Bellis major caule foliolo. C. B. pin. The top of the Stalk and ſmall Branches coming out ex alis folio- rum, ſupport the Flowers, which are in every thing like thoſe of Groundſel, being made up of many ſmall, yellow Flowers, cloſe ſet together, and en- circled by many whitiſh, long, narrow Leaves. It grew on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, under the Town, on the ſame fide of the River. CD llomit violat bosmolog nong diwolleys The Figures and Deſcriptions of this Plant, and the Senecio trixaginis ſpecie ac mollitia cauliculis fubrubicundis. Plin. Pluken. Alm. p. 343. Phyt. Tab. 315, Fig. 1. fhew them to be very different, though Dr. Plakenet in his Mantifa, p. 170. thinks they may be the ſame. W asteles XXI. Virga aurea major, five herba Doria, folio finuato hirſuto. Cat. p. 125. Tab. 152. Fig. 4. This has a very ſtrong, Inch thick, ſtriated, green Stalk, as high, or higher than a Man, having along the Stalk, feveral Leaves larger than thoſe on its Branches, which are four Inches long, and one broad in the middle where broadeſt, rough, finuared about the edges, and of a dark green co- lour. Towards the top of the Stalk are many Branches and Twigs, every one of which ſuſtains a great many naked, yellow Flowers, like thoſe of Facobea. 1911 aliom ni awong 31 It grew on the Road to Mountain River, in Colonel Cope's Plantation. no aliol ogs XXI. Helichryſum canle alato, floribus ſpicatis. Cat, p. 125. Tab. 152. Fig. 5. This has ſeveral ſtraight Stalks riſing two Foot high from the fame Root. The Staiks are round, though the two long, one tenth part of an Inch broad Fimbrie, belonging to each Leaf, makes it look as if it were four ſquare, being on every ſide of the Stalk. The Leaves are ſet at about an Inches dia ftance from one another, on every ſide of the Stalk, having the two Fimbrie, or ledges aforeſaid under them on each ſide. They are three Inches long, and not over one quarter of an Inch broad, indented ſlightly about the edges, of a very dark green colour above, and woolly or white underneath, with one eminent Nerve running longways. The tops of the Stalks, and the fmall Branches near the top coming out ex alis foliorum are Spikes of Flowers ſtanding ſometimes fingly, and ſometimes three or four in a Tuft, on the very Stalk its felf, without any Petioli, or Foor-Stalks, being naked, the outwardmoſt Calicular Leaves incloſing the Flowers, and the tops at firſt coming out being purple. After theſe come a great many ſmall pappous Seeds, as in the others of this Kind. This grows in the dry Savannas, near Mr. Batchelors, and over the Rie Cobre by the Angels. XXII. Chryſanthemum fruticoſum maritimum, foliis glancis oblongis, flere ly- teo. Cat. p. 125. This Shrub roſe to about four Foot high, having under a whiteiſh, ſmooth Bark, a white Wood, being about the bigneſs of ones little Finger, die vided into ſeveral Branches, towards the top ſer oppofice to one another, whereon The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 261 whereon grow the Leaves by Tufts, or ſeveral together, one Tuft being fet oppoſite to another, and made up of longer and ſhorter Leaves, which when longeſt are about an inch in length, and one third part of an Inch broad near the end, where they are round and broadeſt, having at the end a ihort, ſcarce diſcernible prickle. They are at cheir beginning narrow, with- out any Foot-Stalks, all covered with a Down, making them look white all over, without any inciſures on the edges. On the tops of the Branches tand the Flowers in large Heads, on the outſide of which are many whitih ſmall Leaves, incloſing the Flowers, which are many, clofe ſet together, of a yellow colour, having a Circle of the like colour'd Petala, or Barkulæ fland- ing above them. After theſe follow many ſolid Seeds, like the others of this Kind. I found it growing near St. Chriſtopher's Cave, not far from the old Town of Sevilla, on the Rocks by the Sea-ſide. to sa XXIII. Chryſanthemum Salvie folio rugoſo, ſcabro, oblongo. Cat. p. 125. Tab. 154. Fig. 1. The Stalks were jointed, woody, and had Leaves ſet on them, which were about two Inches long, and more than half as broad, being narrow both at beginning and point, equal on the edges, rough, and bullated, or like the Leaves of wild Sage. The Heads were as large as thoſe of Chryſanthe- mum Segetum, but becauſe the Specimen from which I deſcribed it was imper- fect, I can ſay no more of it. 1 I found it in one of the Caribes. 90 o stogo 151 1990 cft som to 30 -300 in oorli XXIV. Chryſanthemum trifoliatum fcandens, flore luteo, ſemin: longo, roftrato bidente. Cat. p. 125. Tab. 154. Fig. 2, 3. An Chryſanthemum Americanam, ci- ceris folio glabro, flore bellidis majoris. Herm. par. Bat. P. 124. An Bidens trifolia, Americana, leucanthemi flore . Tournefort. Inft. p. 462 : Bellis major Americana fruteſcens trifoliata glabra. Bob. hiſt . Ox. part. 3. P:30 ? This has a ſlender Stalk, four or five Foot high, needing the help of neighbouring Shrubs or Trees on which it leans, and among which it al- ways grows, being divided into Branches, three or four Inches long, having Leaves ſtanding on three-quarters of an inch long common Foot-Stalks, be- ing three always together ; that Leaf in the middle, or oppoſite to the Foot- Stalk, is an Inch long, and half an Inch broad at Baſe, very deeply jagged or cut on the edges, ſmooth, of a graſs green colour, and thin, the other two Leaves at Baſe are of the ſame ſhape, &c. only fmaller. The Flowers are ſeveral, ſtanding on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, coming out ex alis foliorum, each of which has on the outſide feveral green, long Leaves on the top of which are five or more yellow, prerty long Petala, with- in which are many Flowers crowded cloſe together, as in the others of this Kind. After theſe follow ſeveral half an Inch long, rough Seeds, having two horns ſtanding on their ends, in place of the Pappus in other Seeds. It grows among the Trees and Shrubs on the Red Hills going to Guana- boa, on Mount Diablo, and other the inland woody parts of this Iſland. The colour of the Flowers of this makes it ſeem to be different from the Chryſanthemum Americanum, ciceris folio, &c. XXV. Chryſanthemum cannabinum Americanum alatun, flore apłyllo, globoſo , Aurantio, baccharidis foliis. Breyn. Cat. p.126. Chryſanthemum Americanun canla alato, flore aphyllo, globoſo, aurantio, foliis baccharidis. Commelin. hort. Amft. part.1. P: 5. Bidens Indica, Hieracii folio, canle alato. Tournef. p. Int. 462. Chryſanthemum conyzoides canle alato Curaſavicum. Herm. par. Bat. p. 125. Chryferia X x x 262 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. Chryſanthemum Caraffavicum alato caule, flore aurantiaco ballato. Bob. hiſt. Ox. part. 3. p. 25. bar This has a large Root with many white ſtrings ſtrongly fixed in the Earthi, from which riſe ſeveral Stalks a Foot high, having a green Selvedge, or be- ing alated. The Leaves grow along the Stalk, are rough, indented like thofe of Cichory, or facea, growing larger towards their top, and ending in a point about an Inch and an half long, and half an Inch broad near the end where broadeſt, of a dark green colour. The Flowers come many together in Heads like thoſe of the others of this Kind, they are of a deep yellow, or Orange colour. After theſe follow broad Seeds, ſomething like thoſe of Parſnips, black in the middle, white about their edges, and having two prickles or horns on their ends. It grows near the Bridge over Black River in St. Dorothies Pariſh. XXVI. Chryſanthemum Conyzoides nodiflorum, ſemine roftrato bidente. Cat. p. 126. Tab. 154. Fig. 4. This had a round browniſh Stalk, about a Foot long, which was jointed at every two or three Inches, and at the joints had Leaves, ſet oppoſite to one another, ſtanding on very ſhort, if any Foot-Stalks. The Leaves were a- about an Inch and an half long, and half as broad in the middle where broadeſt, beginning narrow, increaſing to the middle, and thence decreaſing, and ending in a point, being hairy on their upper ſide, having many appear- ing Nerves, and being of a dark green colour. Ex alis foliorum come the Branches, ſer oppoſite to one another, and the Flowers, which are ſmall Heads, without any Foot-Stalks, being one or more ſtanding together, each being ſurrounded by a few dry, brown Membranes. After ſome time fol- lows the Seed, which is ſmall, gray oblong, having two horns, ſtanding out as others of this Kind, which are Bidentia. sroll olo o It grew in the inland part of this Iſland, and in Barbados. XXVII. Chryſanthemum paluftre, repens, minus, odoratum, folio ſcabro trilo- bato. Cat. p. 126. Tab. 155. Fig. 1. troddsson The Stalk is jointed, creeping along the ſurface of the Earth, every joint ſending into the Earth many hairy fibers and ſtrings of a blackiſh brown colour, and Leaves oppoſite to one another. They are very like che Leaves of Caryophyllata, only very rough, having ſeveral points or notches, and be- ing very aromatically ſweet ſmelled. At, or towards the tops ex alis foliorusn go out ſome long Foot-Stalks, having yellow Flowers exa&ly like the other Chryſanthemums. It grows on the Banks of Rio Cobre, and in all the moiſt places of the Town, and other Savannas. The Deſcription and Figure of this, ſhew it to be different from the Chry- Santhemum hirſutum Virginianum auriculato dulcamare folio octopet alon, Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 242. Fig. 6. though Dr. Plukenet doubts in his Mantiſa, p. 48. if it be not the ſame. chino ad XXVII. Chryſanthemum ſylvaticum repens minus, Chamadryos folio, flore ly- teo nudo, femine roftrato. Cat. p.126. Tab. 155. Fig.2. An Chryſanthemum Ma- deraſpatanum menthe arvenſis folio & facie floribus ligemellis ad foliorum alas pediculis curtis . Pluken. Phyt . Tab. 118. Fig. 5. Alm. p. 100 ? This had ſeveral hairy fibrous Roots, which it ſtruck into the Earth from the lowermoſt joint, it uſually lay along on the ſurface of the Earth, having joints, and a Stalk about nine Inches long. The Leaves ſtand on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, oppoſite to one another , being about three quarters of an Inch long, and as broad at round Baſe where broadeſt, from whence they decreaſed 3 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. 263 decreaſed to the point, being ferrated about the edges, and of a dark green colour, with ſeveral appearing Ribs, going through the Leaf, fome whereof take their Original from the end of the Foot-Stalk, as from a common Center. At the tops on three quarters of an Inch long Petioli ſtand the Heads, being made up of many Flowers ſet cloſe together, naked, ſmall, and yellowish, with many Stamina appearing on them. After theſe follow ſeveral oblong, ſhort, brown, cannulated Seeds, having two or three prickles at their ends. It grew in the inland Woods in ſeveral places of this Iſland.is XXVIII. Chryſanthemum paluſtre minimum repens, apii folio. Cat. p. 126. Tab. 155. Fig. 3. Chryſanthemum Americanum, humile, ranunculi folio. Plum. Tournef. Inf. p.492. This has ſmall, ſtringy, dark brown Roots, ſending out ſeveral Branches, ſpread round on the ſurface of the Ground, having Leaves cut in on the edges, reſembling Smallage Leaves, of a pale green colour. The Flowers are made up of ſeveral ſmall, yellow Flowers, ſtanding cloſe by one ano- ther in the manner of other Chryſanthemumis, being ſurrounded by Barbule, of the ſame yellow colour. The Seeds are long, greeniſh brown, ſtriated, and to each Flower follows one Seed, ſtanding in the Heads juſt as the Flowers did. višidovo ovom bolevib evswis tloom walion menty It grows in the moiſter places of the Town Savanna's, and in the Caribes; » and is in perfection ſome time after rainy weather. stol i es abeat 10 Dr. Plukenet in his Mantilſa, p. 47. doubts whether this be the Chryſanthe- mum Chinenſe foliis plurifariam divifis, &c. Phyt. I ab. 22. Fig. 3. whoever com- pares the Figures and Deſcriptions of theſe Plancs, will ſoon ſee they differ. A Ilonal Quo XXIX. Artemiſia humilior flore majore albo. Cat. p.127. Abfynthium eryfimi folio, Achoavan Alpini quodammodo accedens ex infula Jamaicenfi . Pluk. Alm.p.2. Wild Wormwood.hndera ni bus no notrinsiedai suoi olano This from a ſmall, whitiſh brown Inch long Root, having ſome few fibers, thereby to draw its Nouriſhment, riſes one Foot high, ſeveral, ftriated, whitiſh, ſolid Stalks, ſupporting ſeveral Branches, coming from the inſide of the Leaves, very deeply cut in on the edges, after the manner of Worm- wood, from whence its name, or Mugwort, only whiter in colour than thoſe of the laſt, the lower the Leaves the larger they are. The Flowers at top ſtand in Heads on the Branches ends, and are made up of a great many ſingle white ones, making much larger Flowers than thoſe of ordi- nary Mugwort. ibabu torto brevi 10 anise It grows by the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, in the claiy and gravelly Grounds of the Savannas., la niego boog ei bas V coloniesisht It flowers moſt part of the year. 19 od Bol soud It is made uſe of as a good vulnerary Herb, and accounted very effectual. moita XXX Scabiofe affinis anomala ſylvatica, enulæ folio, fingulis floſculis albis in eodem capitulo perianthia habentibus, femine pappoſo. Cat. p. 127. Tab. 156. Fig. 1, 2. one This has a round ftriated, rough, pretty large Stem, riſing to three Foot high, having towards the bottom ſeveral Leaves ſet without any order, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are five Inches long, and two broad in the middle where broadeft, from a narrow beginning increifing to the middle, and thence decreaſing to the end, indented about the edges, being rough above, having the ſurface ſcabrous, or corrugated after the manner of Sage or Foxglove, and woolly underneath. Towards the top the Leaves are ſmaller, out of whoſe Ala come hoary Inch long Foot-Stalks, ſupporting a round 264 The Natural Hiſtory of Jamaica. voury ſmell. round Head, of many white tubulous, oblong Flowers, each Flower (landing in a chaffy Calyx, or Perianthium, made up of ſeveral dry, browniſh men- branes, which afterwards contains three or four ſmall, oblong, ſmooth, and ſhining gray Seeds, having a few pappous hairs on their upper ends. It grew in the Woods on the Road to Colonel Cope's Plantation in Gua- nabon, and in ſeveral other Woods of this Iſland very plentifully. This is not the Plant called Eupatorio affinis Americana, bulbola floribus ſcaria ofis calyculis contećtis. Plukenet. Alm. p. 142. Phyt. Tab. 177. Fig 4. as Doctor Plakenet thinks it may be in his Mantiſſa, p. 73. XXXI. Eryngium foliis anguftis ferratis fetidum. Cat. p. 127. Tab. 156. Fig. 3,4. An Eryngium feridum oblongis capitulis Americanum. Pluken. Alm. P 137 ? This Plant has fix or ſeven round, ſmooth whitiſh Roots, about ten Inches long, going ſtraight down into the Earth, taking very firm rooring therein, which uniting in one towards the ſurface of the Earth, there ſends forth Leaves ſpread on the Ground on every hand, to the number of five or fixa eight Inches long, and one broad near the end where broadeſt, very deeply ſerrated, and having on its edge ſoft prickles. From the middle of the Leaves riſe one or two Stalks about a foot and an half high, being round, green, hollow, ſmooch, always divided into two, or obſerving a Dichoto- my, and having at parting two deeply cut, prickly, ſhort, Leaves. The top or Heads are like thoſe of other Eryngiums, having ſeveral long, narrow Leaves under them, which are prickly ; they are at firſt greeniſh, after- wards brown, and have ſeveral brown Seeds ſet round a Iinall column. All parts of the Plant have a very penetrating ſtrong, though nar very unſa. It grows at the Creſcent Plantation near the Orange Walk on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, in moiſt, low, flar Grounds in ſeveral other places, by Co. lonel Bourden's Houſe, in his Plantation, and in Barbados. boowmio WbLW It is counted one of the greateſt Alexipharmaca's of theſe parts. The De- ftilld water of it is reckon'd a very great Antepileptick, and extremely co reſiſt Hyſterick Fits. 103 ois de Ca. Bilo Mw I queſtion not this being the Plant mentioned by Hernandez, called Co- hayelli , every thing agreeing to it. He tells us that, ai shoilw to It is hot in the fourth Degree, taſts like Skirrers, though a little ſharp and ſmelling. The Root powdered, and taken to the quantity of three Drams in ten Ounces of water, ſtrengthens the weak and cold Stomach, caſes pains of the Belly and other parts from Colds, diſſipates Wind, is good for Colick and Iliack Diſeaſes, is Diuretick, and helps the Catamenia, cures Surfeits, incites to Venery, and is good againſt the Bites of Venemous Ser- pents. It has a better effect, if it be given out of a hot and ſtrengchening Liquor, it diſſipates preternarural Tumours, and humours in the Joints, and remedies all cold intemperatures. Hernandez. It is called Itubu in Surinam, or Fuga Serpentum, becauſe they come nor where it grows. 'Tis Alexipharmac from its volatile Salt, and the ſmell of the Leaves cures Hyſterick Fits. Hern. gorde sil yn dignos bainiga bonsai so soddiw, o cova lovol mood ora envios gnia din soundowa bagno coral vil bis Telled oo good dont as a naningles WOSK S molt sobñond only birland bo od , clic, COI THI HÀ The End of the forft Volune. il mio svolta dgn on bola gairtoqol kol go on borlog sikolor to tuollárat Smo plloon gon91 courbros COCTER of Corte e bebit AP barnamesin aluan IV mic Tab.1. Fig. 1. Albacore,five Thynnus. Fig. 2. Serpens Marinus compreſsus lividus. Scombrus Major toroſus. Fig: 3. Fig. 5. Fig.4 Cochlea marina e cæruleo purpurafcens , compreſsa,lævis, tribus volutis conftans. Locuſta maxima, cinereo purpurea, maculis brunis. Lрт 2T svih stops LA 20bivil analismo), znisM 20922 coral Sidst Ly ¿2M isM , zirolimuna zime bus. CB Shes agulha Lietla pale Biopolis SO IND Fig. 6. Gramen Avenaceum &c.cujus altera facies exhibetur Fig. 5. majore latioribus. C.B five Stratiotes aquatica , folijs fedo Lenticula palustris, ka vel Ægyptiaca , Fig: 2 Fig. 3. Adiantum ramofum majus, folijs ſeu pinnulis tenuibus , longis ,pro- -funde laciniatis obtufis Capillaceis Ramulis & Folijs Muſcus Marinus Fig.1. denſiſsimis plumiformis Fig. 4 Gramen miliaceum anguſtifolium altum , locuftis minimis , 1 Fig. 5. Gramen avenaceum panicula minus fparfa Tab. 2 cujus ſingula grana, tres ariſtas longifsimas habent DRUG USES Torres ER Saias Ston2 Bintansa sluvoitos I καιρο, CESTEIGU VALISESTI KEEG e vichy CB oilo, 10 BDT SVE2 0316 915ghorymmastite otte போர் minus, Blitum vulgare Fig . 2. ſurrectum. za glauco, Fig.3. Salvia major,folio ferrato Fig. 1 Perficaria proc graciliori. -TisnSueʻrwispySuoj surəqumsord -folia , non maculofa , fpica longiori laxiori & Fig. 4 Origanum fpicis latioribus. Tab.3. Σ 8. BT -tangas, BRI mot endomona B is v obidis audiitordala ia ot, amitolu MISELY TOGA inoltoinnings.ogmolde oita ailom9951 20d Tab.4. or Fig. 1. Fig.2. Apocynum fruticoſum ,fo- =lio oblongo, acuminato, flori- =bus racemofis. Fig.s. Cistus folio oblongo, integro, glabro,fubtus albido,vaf - =culis trigonis. Fig. 3 Tithymalus perennis & procerior, lini folio acuto AD biocato olo odnosio j1103 oinarol, oronoldu oilod sulas 39 cortice cinereo ſcabro folio acuminato longiore. Alypum five herba terribilis procerior, 5 Fig . 4. Lycium folio oblongo, ferrato, acuminato,fpinis minoribus ar- Fig.1.8 2. tenuifsimè, coronopi modo, diviſis. Hieracium fruticofumi , folijs -matum Sh Fig.2. Tab.5. UN diviis, ob EOTO Sabato zidlson901) zivs Tonos ONS edonal Tab. 6. 1. Fig: Anſeri Baſsano congener avis cinereoalbus. A Booby. Fig. 2. Hirundo marina,minor, capite albo. A Nodde. I Sazne foules 2 Lodls atbil 7. Tab. Fig. 2. Arbormali perficæ Mame- -ya dicta folijs fubrotundis acuminatis ex adverfo fitis bramy vw m Fig . 3. Amaranthoides fruticofum,folijs lon- =gris, anguſtis , fubtus ' 0.1.8iup 0, caule veis. Fig.). furculis raris, pinnulis latis, dentatis smanj Fig. 4. non ra Aparines folio ano mala vaſculo feminali rotundo, multa femina niveis minutiſsima ll continente, Filix Fig. 4 Pulegium longiſsimis latiſsimisq folijs. IND Apie of - Maths LissTETODA aiheuntosdetajlot siis: olivbo zo zinas Telefon ਦੇ ਜੋ Tab. Cyperus max fparfa imus panicula foliacea Forces пола bаrтская Tab.9. Cyperus maximus pani- Ecula minus fparſa ferru- =ginea , capitulis compactis craſsioribus 3 Tab.9 insa au XSST 2119LY Et selv .01.de Tab.10. Fig.2. Teucroides filiculoſum folijs laurinis, flori- biatis -bus galeatis et la- co Gramen cyperoides emerata ,è plurimis Fig.1. panicula conglo- fpicis cinereis conſtante poft annual to ܬܐܘ malol -oligrao elmoins 1919 rtis in zabiorsqytet உபரம 5.stateme otrafo Pro ident and manat mig midojam to 19 Fig. 4 Lycium fortè , integris , fpinis adverfo Tab.11. folijs fubrotundis et folijs ex fitis. Fig.j. Lyſimachia lutea non pappofa erecta, folijs glabris fructu cariophylloide . Fig: 3. Solanum bacciferum fruticoſum ,ftipitibus et folijs majoribus fpinis ferocioribus armatis . Fig . 2. Malva vel alcea fruticoſa ,ribefij folijs , feminibus afperis . zib autondul zilol Stol on 29 zilo to Priak, zirgotti 679VbE Boris laviwvis ML jika dhilah Rizal and framebordet sidor rostotaso List Tab.12. Fig. 3. Fig.1. rum to mentofum Solanum pomife fructu Pyri- formi inverſo . Fig. 2.3.4 Malus arantia , fructu ro- tundo maximo palleſcente humanum caput exceden- Fig. 4. te Fig. 2. vo y 그 ​ al fins iueuit is, zorion 08bA Tab 13 Fig. 2. Adiantum nigrum ramofum minus ,ramulis furculis et pin- nulis raris minimisfubrotundis. Fig.1. Arbor mali perſica folijs anguftis ,oblon- gis acuminatis ex adverfo fitis. Mivander Gucht Peul UN 3 rroldo, cifrons e ilot . so slo 1061 6910 dislit nozlumniq, olivibio 2Ton ludo zi Tab.14. Fig . 2. Gramen avenace- fum , panicula minus fparfa ,glu mis alba ſeri cea lanugine ob ductis. care were way mer un 82 Ke ma un renauna amy Figu. Filix arborea ramofa ,caudice non divifo , pinnulis anguftis raris obtufis integris. arri Red ca Althæa ſpicata betonicæ folio villoſo ſpica breviori& laxiori Fig: 4. Coluteæ affinis fruticofa,pimpi- nella folio , ſiliquis falcatis bovino- rum cornuum in modum diſpoſitis sight sluoins, 996196 1995 il sdls ximus, saglanim do samoosk 539 iqenigi lozim onivode ili ololska olib bora zinis stalo fost ziupili oila Tab.15 bicorne tomentofum Gramen dactylon maximum,fpicis numeroſiſsimis OF ortivo della pin oilallop still be - 9 ເມ 5 ມີ03271 : US 6. ການ ເງິນ zintzotuto obrt ziupili oila Tab.16. Fig. 1. Urtica racemoſa fruticoſa angus- tifolia,fructu tricocco. Fig. 3. Lauroceraſi folijs fili- =quoſa fruticofa. Fig. 2. Coluteæ affinis fruticoſa , pimpinellæ folio filiquis falca tis bovinorum cor- nuum in mo- dum difpofitis. N A lot it out sou nou bitong LLL dele re Tab.17 plazo tok 999 ☺ any 6.cc n. CLC. امریکا uc . Ол w فری ا و رعا . 0 Eile 02 J FO و کنتر be le 6 С COEG ol O o'o Fig: 3. To مو 9 27 co & ya w O SO 0 Fig: 1. Top سک Corallium poroſum , album,latiſfimun murica ga Fig . 2. $ Corallium afperum can dicans adulterinum. F.B. RAIDIPEIam ninis muricatul album PRO 10 selberique 19 bsan Sibiu Orbiantara Fig. 2. Tab.18 Fig. 5 horra Fungus lapideus major undulatus 33 Corallium album pumilum Noftras, Raij. I Corallium alperum candicans adulterinum.I.B. Fig. 1 Fig.4 An Corallium album ſtellatum. C.B? Fig: 3 Corallium album * poroſum maximum muricatum LIGGER HO STT dabartinisyo 1104 leo song or flog Tab.19 Ampulla vitrea quæ mari lamaicano prope Port Royall caſu illapſa, inde ab Urinatore (divitias poft terræmotum venante) tota corallio alpero candi scanteTB.obducta,expifcabatur. NI Bich LEPTO Isto บ” sbro oor LE porto Santo pisau barattamente lots Tab. 20. Fig. 7. Fig . 8 gracilioribuis Fucus foeniculaceus ſeu coral loides len ta foeniculacea minor. Fueus foenicia ser coral: loides lentafoeniculacea cauliculis longioribus denfioribusse Fig.11. gamarina graminea anguſtiſſimo folio Algam habens Fig 2. etfolus magis finuatis atq; corrugatis. Corallina opuntioides ramulis denfioribus, veliculas extantibus alatas Fig . 6. snittitur membranis teus Fig. 9 denti- Fucus minimus triangularis -culatus Figi1 Fucus marinus coralloides minor fungofits albidus teres ſegmentis in fummi tate planis Figis mini- Corallium mum capillaceum per Fig: 5. enui- Corallina major nervo craf- fiori,fuciformi internodiabrevi- -Ora nectente . Corallina minima capillaceas. Corallinanervo -Ori; fragilioriq internodialon g10ra nectente avva 1 ാലി ashed inside store - videband into a most solni bonzai pivoiligo 03 COVAS Strooit so - សាល Tab. 21. Me Fig. 4 KEDA ARGENUSWWWpian Fig.4.5.6.7.8. Ejuſdem perfectanı maturi- fatem adeptivarietates et po- fitiones diverfic. Fig:11. Fig.jo Fig. 3. Fig. 7 Fig. 5. Fg:1.2.3. 90 Lapidis Astroitidis five ſtel - - 1aris primordia Fig.10.11. Idem lapis in Angliarepertus, at qui ita immutatus eſt, zit in achateam vel ſiliceam duritiemet diaphaneita tem converfus fit. 0.00 Fig.i. 000 Bob 警 ​尋 ​Fig. 6. F19:8 Fig: 9 Fig:2. Ejuſdem parsin Anglia effolla,ubi max- cima quantitate reperitur prope terræ fuperficiem is dit 15.streilge Alii zigama sotsider bu comeqsito mitisme han isdalbot Tab. 22 Fig: 4 Corallina fruticoſa ramulis& cau- diculis comprellis quaquaverfum elegantiſſimis expantis purpureis Fig.5. Alga juncea five Juncus marinus radice alba geniculata. Manati grafi Fig. 3 Fig. 2. Fig.1.2.3. Corallina fruticoſa elatior ramis quaqua- verſum expanſis teretibus ON - LỆ THU 2 THPT Hà Tits 10 endos TORT groga clubam zoillors imuth Tab. 23. Fig: 1. Pila marina, fubrotunda compreſsa mollis ? Fig. 5 Spongia minor.et mollior medullæ pa- -nis fimilis fibris tenu -iffimis Fig. 4 Spongia dura feu fpuriafuperficie apici- acutis extantibus afpera intus cavernoſa. alba, bus Fig. 3 Fig. 2 Spongia dura ſeuſpuria major fiſtuloſa , fibris craffioribus Marc Lm nay ep eizuolo M OF IV. auris aitu 21 igrice abon Ets qui pass the . wa SIP . Po SdoT / ciasto STRESS HOT RESISTON Tab.24. Fig. 2 fa, ex Es ſinuati Veficaria marina non ramo- ampullis majoribus paucioribuk auricuæ iustar cons ſuperficies notantur tans cujus favi iustar Fig.3 Figi. Spongia dura , ſeu ſpuria maxima , ramofa, fiſtuloſa Veficaria marina non ramofa, e veficudis infundibuli forma, membrana undulata extante coronatis conftans isiqlariningszogatot dolu ol To 2 dibmutui abpilys estil on its oro gusta subrandenser setti Sitoitoista siihen bitub sotoil GPS Tab.25 ol IJO Luet tunipəw u Fig.5. teun Adiantum aur Fig.2. Mufcus terreſtris repens major, ramulis circa extremitates conglomératis, foliolis multis et minimis capillaceis caulem occultantibus, Adiantum feu Polytrichum. aureum medium,capitulo proprio pediculo inſidente Fig. 4. Fig: 6. Lunaria elati or matricariæ folio fpica duplici . Fig: 3. Mufcus terreſtris min por repens, cujus ramuli folijs multis et imnimiz feriatim qua drato ordine diſpoſitis cinguntur, Fig.1. Mufcus terreſtris ramulis circa extremitates conglo- meratis folijs capillaceis, repens minor, N retro reviously bA aluti9696 zitumisoara alum citoslon elhistorialgerie and indoor Sharan tolio lice are 2015 otto up mitsretsal lacto "Omnogo 2. กรรไกร การว: 21. Colorton at 29 Su alte zognili si lotion tris gs 290105 Tulo site Tab.26 Savage Felpe Fig. 1. Phyllitis non apice folij linuata minor', radices agente: Fig. 2 Hemionitis peregrua foliorum ſegmentis finuatis longioribus & magis acumi- -natis, feu hederæ folio angulofo. 5 5 JO E90 ron H γονότοπερπατήσεις τσεπε. pe UT COMPLEET SOSIS Upromia Ыр салатора на HIUSTETT SCTG fione Santa ISTO TOTO bacan bprow &.0 echo .. MATTEOT LOSTUSTA CHUTZ uso M Tab .27 Fig: 2 Phyllitidi fcandenti affinis minor graminifolia folio oblongo acuminato foliorum pediculis alis extam -tibus auctis Fig. 3. ti affinis major Phyllitidi fcanden graminifolia, folio nato , foliorum pedieu tibus auctis. oblongo acumi lis alis extan Figli. Phyllitis fcandens minima, mufci facie, folijs membranaceis fubrotundis IPC BATETIT UGTUGGIN 016 SEO ogroldo oito the sistxo eils eibuoibog toto els audio Forro cum oppoveront DESTI- GUE SUETUT2 UNISJON, FRE: mojo noldo olso orlot Сго гр.оргті ырластенные 2 Tab.27 Fig: 4 co Phyllitidi fcandenti affinis minor. folijs fubrotun dis acuminatis ex adverſo fitis. M Fig: 1. Phyllitidi ſcandenti affinis major, folio craſso fubrotundo [101.8 Phyllitidi fcandenti folio craſso oblong Fig: 2 Phyllitidifcan- denti affinis minor, folio craffoblongiori . & Suage for - | CK STAGE Tota DATEECE CATING CIS IT Teamle sation. 110 CLIPS, Tab. 29 3 W a a 21/11) CCCC e с C с b C С cians Lonchitis afplenij faz fubrotundis et cie pinnulis varijs, víz: ex utroq latere auri- =culatis otot OSTEGT Dom als barrio anche la sceniziatge into Tab. 30. а a а a f f b Fig. 1. Lonchitis aſplenij Qfacie.pinnulis rotundis . et ex Tatere auriculatis varijs ,viz fub utro Fig:2. Filix non ramoſa ma jor, caule nigro,furculis raris, pinnulis ang uſtis ,raris,longis, dentatis , M 11 dative SILICOTSITA ad rerr ex srod TEIG Fotoprire serverer bara IV Tab.31 Lonchitis altiſsima, pinnulis utrinq , feu ex utroq, latere auriculatis. ted Tab.32. Wild नजान Lonchitis altiſsima, pinnulis raris non laciniatis BICH : smialii itiro zissimos! Hon retail STOLT TTIGLE SIGICM 12 PASTGATIGLO GUJECIÓ TET?bo TOUGUEZ UTIJOS Dritare STOL 1,18 TerboomTEGG SITT GOTTE! qu&torip GATESL CGU ETC a bure 10 1 Tab. 33. 2. Fig: 2 Lonchitis major, pinnis anguſtioribus leviter denticulatis fuperiori late re auriculatis Fig: 1. Lonchitis minor pinnis latiori bus leviter dentici latis , fupe riori latere auricula tis. > Tab.st U strand TOP12 slot. Dura AL N Ich M Tab, 34. Lonchitis major pinnis longis anguftiffimisqz . t & dat for morbi 1 L Tab. 35 VW Sle Fig: Trichomanes maju s leviter dentatis, tra higrum, pinnis pezij figura. Fig.s. Trichomanes ma fubtus jus pinnis ſinuatis niveis : La manod syitiisque tracom Tab.36. fig.i. 2 4 5 Fig.1.2.3.4.5. Trichomanes najus totum album, pinnis album, pinnis aculeatis trapezij figura . OF TOIT COGESTIS opjoni Esseisrad EX MSXT b DIST brusa STI CON GTAS N OF Tab.37. Filix maxima in pin nas tantum diviſa oblongas latasqz non crenatas . CE.de Tab.38. Filix major ſcanders , in pinnas tantum diviſa, oblongas latalq non crenatas . UN Tab.39 Filix major fcan- dens in pinnas tantum diviſa,oblongas, latiſsi- -mas non cre natas. V Ispisa gu Birisidiron chair use Esistor ter brasa ετσαρος Tab. 40. Filix major in pinnas tantum diviſa, oblongas anguſtafqnon crenatas Slivibes entsitate torrold ube M Tab. 41. Fig: 2. Filix minor pl erumo triſida , pinnis oblongis la tisqz (non crenatis Fig: 1. Filix major in pinnas tantum diviſa, raras, latiores, oblongas, ſtriatas ex adverfo fitas , et non crenatas. Goldog IPA TTFTTT Tumsare FIERESTLICHETTES ET HI Тесті голлист алла та лізіол. ? Tab. 42 Hemionitidi affinis filix major, trifida , auriculata , pinnis latiſsimis finuatis. opponaire E'opponese SE 19 ETATS EB Tab. 43 3 . Fig.2. Filix minor in pin nas tantum diviſa, latasqz crenatas raras,oblongas Fig.d. Filix minor in pinnas tantum divifa , crebras plerumq; ex adverfo fitas , oblongas , latas@z. crenatas LP IOS92 que bregasusr/GULE SIGOTTE TACL borbe GLEITIS 2 TESLTOLG TEGLO SAGITTI2 SE LOFTIS - FIXTOL UIT bumissa Erupts and CPUs ITON Arla UOL GEGU TETE'S CS2: CE ste bracni- FIX HITS OF THE Ecose E UNI Tab. 44 A Fig.2. Filix minor, in pinnas tan tum divifa crebras non cren atas auriculatas , et lineis pulveru- dentis averſa parte notatas. Fig. 1. Filix minor, in pinnas tantum divifa , crebras non crenatas inferiore latere auriculatas et rotun- dis pulveru lentis areolis averfa parte notatas. dis pulveru Six minor, in pienas Fores Filixminor in pinnaston herebra per parte IP:++ ་་་་་་ GOGOTS mis bwise Suche | гр.оргілерге qarTTIILSED TOH um TKTC FOLY Operas ETIX WTIJOL LHS 9 shin Tab. 45. Fig. 2. Phyllitis ramoſa trifida. Fig.1.. Filix minor ruffa la nugine tota obducta , in pinnas tantum diviſa, raras, non fubrotundas. crenatas Savage feelp: IP lumn baillval -it einifts obti esan jignia nabosolmik əsgnold 0. shivih manis est sino non eshirgins Tab. 46. Fig.1. Phyllitidi mul- tifida affinis fi- lix fcandens in pinnas tantum diviſa , o blongas, anguſtas, non crenatas. . Fig: 2 Ruta muraria oblongis maxima , folijs crenatis ON OF M Vander Guht Brut Ispite opponara USKO BL agree . zibrodil lettoregulacan Tab 42 Filix non ramofa maxima,furculis raris, pinnis varijs inferioribus fcil: oblongis acutis,fuperioribus vero aſplenij fubrotundis . བྱེད་པ་ Spotpre SCITESTET 1.686.12bunarrei crapura TSETS) UIT- ADOTTATILO ISIOL.ch barre Core TUTUP N M M Tab. 48. merce concernaman Fig. 2. Filix non ramoia major, pinnulis crebris, latis, bre- furculis raris,brevioribus vibus, non aculcatis , Fig. 1. Filixnon ramo fa major, furculis raris, pinnulis crebris latis, mi- -nimis, brevibus aculeatis I. Sava fap feat. IP20 Білгуу? гонбага ѕибга катталга EXITON 1.STO ulonprice LTL12 Pere Samarrë pusATITE SE OT TS TOTS IN THIS (ma2 CAG OF Tab. 49 be $ ADAM MADAN 5 Filicula non ramola minima ,lurculis cre. bris,pin nulis brevillimis, anguſtis. Molinen een SOLUTION Fig: 1. Filix non ram ofa major,furculis raris, pinnulis longis, anguſtis, rariffimis Buy the et dat ch 11: Eve 2 Uchire topire Btstyr 3 fir ji in a ਪੰ UN Tab.50. SSPPWW 斯 ​Fig.2. Filix non ramofa major, furculis crebris pinnulis brevioribus , anguſtis. S 2 PANAS 171 D Fig: 3. Filix non ramo- fa minor, furculis crebris, pinnuiis longis latisqz Fig.1. Filix non ramofa major, furculis crebris ,pinnulis longis, anguſtis s SUUTIS Tour ETXHONT ESTOS Tu Es TUESVOLTIGE! CLGPL! II ? | C T 1.5 1. ന്ന് പ്പിലി T 3 f //// mm 12 ിനാകിനി 01777777771 m2 11 ക w Elix non ramofa pinnulis longis major,ſurculis crebris atiguitis . inola pinnallis longi IP.22 2 in 12 2 1.05.201.slotus: AcrylI aimillived ikka either UNI Tab. 52. ininima furculis Fig. 2. Filix non ramofa crebris, pinnulis anguſtis breviffimis ma ررر رررررر rea Fig.1. Filix non ramofa minor, furcul lis crebris, pinnulis breviſſimis an guſtis. Ruta murariæ accedens, filicula non ramofa minima , pinnulis fubrotun- Fig. 3. dis profunde fciffis. anop GUSET Тоорона прослее 1 трлоглар! surariis pile 113201 Epile astite Я ST brevibus UN Tab.53: Filix non ramoſa mine raris pinnulis angul acutis fubtus Fig.1. ma, caule nigro,fureulis tis, raris , brevibus, niveis. Fig:2. Ruta muraria major folijs varijs fciz: oblongis integris, et fubrotundis ferratis , Награ TS biasa 19113,"pucap атно и болестта LAP Tabs CLSpU1OPE EXTOS EST OES UZ HITO: brune II UUTTUITE. Bruin Tab 54 Fig:2 Adiantum nigrum ramofum minus pinnulis minoribus tenu- ibus obtufis crenatis . 22 ด Fig. 1. Filix non ramofa minor, pinnulis crebris, obtufis , crenatis. IP24 5 L18.fl. (certerreinshasil tuo qe TO Tylne bare solo para 799 UCI U ELORUSI VOU LEITO - 67 sera e fsbasil Toggergare 19 Worrbaru Gopa2 usloLrpre TUIJOT Tab. 55 KO Fig A diantum nigrum maximum non ramofum,pinnis crebris , majoribus craſsis et trapezij in modum figuratis . Fig. 2. Adiantum ni grum non ramo- ſum majus , pin nulis majoribus tenuibus, trapozij in modum figd ratis. non tenetus poden IP22 Tab. 56 யோக ver em pe 看看 ​a ਹਨ। al 2 Filix aborea, ramofa , fpinofa ; caudice non divifo, pinnulis latis, denfis,bre vibus tenuibus,minutim dentatis , M:Vander ýucht Seul: IP Tab.57 u wild Fig. 3. Adiantum nigrum ramofum maximum, folijs feu pinnulis te- nuibus , longis,acutis , fpinofis*. G BOSS EBBROSSA CBRBCECELA moíum maximum, folijs pinnulis obtulis varie ſed pulcherrime Fig.1.2 Adiantum nigrum ram ſinuatis et dentatis feu ct Fig 息​。 30BBsam MI code bronas bure UGT are became the oppon Site MU Tab,58 के രനിരിക ir ya سی Adiantum ramo- pinnulis ſeu fo profunde lacini fum fcandens, lijs oblongis, latis pellucidis.. M. vander Gucht Zeul Tab. 59 Adiantum nigrun ramoſum maximum, folijs majoribus trapezij in modum figuratis. P3 Tab.60. re NE 22 7 Uue S va TA AN ാള്ളയ 2 Filix ram ofa maxima fcandens, ramulis raris, pinnulis crebris, latis breyibus, obtufis. M:Vander Gucht Sozel NIA Р" 2 O Tab.61 many 2 Filix ram oſa major, caule ſpinoſo, folijs feu pinnu lis rotundis profunde laciniatis,ſeu cerefolij folijs . M vander Gwht Szul : INTL blont olsa oborutongpan amb noteibstandard BUXLISTS Bora 2cX0AGLE UN Tab. 62. IN TON Filix ramofa major, ramulis raris, ex adverfo fitis, pinnulis aſplenij ,ſciz crebris , latis , brevibus, fubrotundis non dentatis . ulis.raris, ex adverto has. destas Tab. 63. M W were R Marami n N umu Mar N na 6 u M u Filix femina feu ramoſa major, pinnulis angustiffimis, rariſsimiſqz . को M:vanier Gucht Scul : . ETCS Torile Aung S512 bice martin CUSIGIT DUITGGATJUT Laudatetagartollivad ja ) Tab. 64. Fig:2. Gramen paniceum 1 jus,fpica fimplici lævi , granis petriolis infidentibus. 20000 Poggio 000000 Fig1. Gramen fpica brizæ fingulari, locuſtis majoribus, villoſis, purpurafcentibus . QUOSE 2 Fig.3. Gramen paniceum minimum humi ftratum, fpica diviſa mu tica, folijs variegatis M: Vanser yuzht Soul: SUTTIT Dspole Tauphie is islante moltorbestD OTO tomb mi olinong toto ed on OF Tab. 65. Gramen dactylon bicornelp cis purpurafcentibus majus. Fig3 . Fig:2 Gramen dacty Ion elatius, fpi- =cis plurimis tomentofis, Fig.1. Gramen maritimu cumbens. cul- -cis ſtrigo- m echinatum pro- mo longiori fpi- fioribus того теста Tab.66 Arundo faccha rifera . C.B. M Vander Gucht. Szal. H. OF Tab.67 Arundo alta viridi cæruleis, gracilis folijs e locuftis minoribus. pi gtanoni dolysh noun GIUGUT QUORA (O PICOLUG el solvab om totoo osup Fig.1. Gramen dactylon bicorneſpicis gepurafcentibus minus. tomentofum Granien dacty Fig.2. minus. Ion bicorne Figs. Gramen dactylon fpicis gracilioribus plerumq; quatuor cruciformitei diſpoſitis . Tab.68 الم zumindo CITUCIT Coron THIS LITETSTOU B12 SLUTUSTEET русоло ge CLSUGUE THATOT IST e bio He album, amortido en el otrol Tab.69. C Fig: 2 Gramen dactylor fpicis pluri longa ,fpi Fig... Gramen dactylon bicorne minimum,ariſtis longis armatum Ctranen dactylobbico e ISP CON H 1 แถม กับอ.) 113 11) DUTCHES Tomas olista bort po gole, molchish nismo sivustos a los momentirana reda, sest 201986, Fuz. Gramen dactylon paicula longa , fpicis plurimis gracilioribus, et longis , WIVOT see pureis vel viridibus e fpicis plurimis Gramen dactylon Fig. 2. mollibus conftante. gracilioribus pur paniculalonga, Fig.1. Gramen dactylon, alopecuroidis facie, panicula longif- efima, e fpicis plurimis tomentofis conſtante , Tab.70. OR Pich Catiche chignol agnol 1 siliui дові) GITUUTUT LLATION ... SG BUITCITURE Istuins, onte olutt LED peiorgio Bendrostimabighanism Fig 3 3. Gramen miliaceum ſylvati - cum maximum femine albo. Gramini tremulo Fig. 25 clegans minimum affine paniculatum Lelle Gramini tremulo affine pani ulatum clegans majus, fpicis minoribus& longoribus Tab. 71 engol LP" | E91 lovibiy सम्पराव्यायिक 'ജന്നീ നമ മ്മ - 0 0 STTTTTTT ത്ത | മാമാങ്ക മാറ യാനം നമ്മ ഇ Fig: 2. St ൽ ം Gram en miliaceum panicula viridi vel purpurea ക് gogne യ ܦܠܦܦܡܥܣܘ ൽ అయ Slobreese ക minus fparla locuſtis minimis. Gramen miliaceum majus panicula മ /// P - Fig. 3. Gramen miliaceum viride folijs latis brevibus , panicula capillacea femine albo. Tab. 72. Catalonia) Tab.73. Gramen pratenſe panicula et folijs anguſtiflimis , fpicis brevibus mu- ticis, locuftis minimis. Rumi's Fig. 2. Gramen avenaceum fylvaticum folijs latiffimis locuſtis longis non ariſtatis, glumis ſpadiceis 2 Сьсклонни кутарилсан этгэгсла пат ботта аталлуста Біб аbоте Тротокларна платурна 'H S LING Tab. 24. 12 N yperus longus odo- Spicis ftri. ratus, panicula fparfa , gofioribus viridibus Fig. 1. Fig 2 Fig: 3. Fig. 2.3. Cyperus rotundus panicula fparfa, Spicis ſtrigofis ferrugineis. capitulis equi- luncus aqua- ſeti , minor Fig.2. ticus geniculatus, Fig. 1. Cyperus panicula maximeſparla , ferru- =ginea, compreſſa elegantiffima.- Fus M: V Gucht Sculp Gramen junceunahatoum geniculatum culmo nudo, et rolionon articulator Tab. 75. OF 20 notre bou CGT толстые рутеры се сок ортот uds crus DEUTGI ITa borte CLSUGIS GADGLOT Toe uslsiz CODEC steel shan orot age 2 0 Tab.76. Cyperus ro tun inodorus, pa compreffa dus gramineus fere nicula ſpart viridi. Gramen cyperoi - des majus aquaticum, panicu lis plurimis jinceis fparfis,fpi cis exoblon- ego rotundis fpadi ceis. 1.aridT S IV 2 Tab .77 Fig. 1. Gramen cyperoi - des ſylvaticum maximum geniculatum aſperius, femine milijfolis. Fig. 2 Gramen cyperoi- ex oblongo rotun ferrugineis des majus fpicis dis; compactis, FinTEO Anabis sloda SUGU ACTIONS TOSSATURE ATEICURE STATsotos Combo IV. OF Tab. 38. S Fig . 2 des minus ,fpica da viridi , radice Fig.J. Gramen cypero1 partim viridibus compacta fubrotun odorata: Gramen cyl lipire partim albis M:Vander Gucht sout : Проставте углы прите DIE 17CT2: Combo na chororo CESSU CDGLON62 HITTUTTO TOTGT cowbeast TCG Protogo GUSUST Cabelot IV. N Tab,79. W Fig. 3. Gramen cyperoides minimum fpicis pluribus compactis ex oblon- go rotundis. Fig.2. Gramen cyperoides minimum, fpica fimplici compacta radice tuberofa odo =rata. Fig.1. Gra men cyperoides minus ,fpicis compac tis,fubrotundis flavicantibus. M. Vancer Cucht Scul .ec.dat Porcizarea cop russo NIE Tab. 80. Gramen cyperoides polyſtachion, fpicis ad nodos ex utriculis feu fo- liorum alis echinatis prodeuntibus IP20 CE Fig:2: Iuncus cyperoides,culmo compreſso ſtriato, radice odorata tuberofa , capitulo rotundo, compacto. Fig. 1. Iuneus cyperoides creberrime geniculatus medulla faretus, aquaticus , radice tuberoſa, odorata, Fig. 3. Iuncus aquaticus geniculatus, capitulis equiſeti major . Tab.81. CH toho, P. 2012 V Ortobortiota Tab. 82 Fig.1. Vrticaracemoſa \ſcandens, anguſtifolia , fructu tricocco petulant les restes dels . WA ITZA Fig. 3. Vrtica minor iners ſpicata , folio fubrotun do ferrato , fructu tri cocco 3 Fig. 2. Vrtica ra cenofa humilior iners. OF od arabrisa Florida sonlumun yus ergnoldo Tab.83. Fig. Vrtica urens arborea , folijs oblongis , anguſtis. horoldo Fig. 2 27001 6. Vrtica iners racemofa of holds fylvatica , folio nervoſo. IV. OF Echt Tabi A84 So Ricinus minor ſtaphyfagriæ folio, flore pentapeta talo purpureo LSP: ce . тісі, ола гал гарсан барилдааны онолоод Tab.85 Caſada. 9. Ricinus minor viticis obtufo folio , caue verru- Ecofo , flore pentapetalo albido ex cujus radice tu- beroſa ſucco venena to turgida Americani panem conficiunt Cafada. Тегт р. торіг золбогт ду: руу VIELESITEJTOTCP TEST TO CSC hie ILICOCCO STPITO UOL LOLT? UELUT TOTO CUTI BICO SITTUR OqOLICL SILITICOS Tab 36. Fig. 3 2 Ricino affinis tevcrij odorifera fruticoſa minor, folio fructu tricocco Dilute purpureo. ft fra Fig. 1. Ricino aflinis odorifera fruticoſa major roris marini folio, fructu tricocco albido . Fig. 2. Amaranthoides humile curafla- vicun folijs polygoni. Par. Bat, pro. .Dz.de Amanithand $11}{ （)[37); Y 1༥)༼༣༥།༣ རྣ;ཞི） ནི }}| | 1:{ }}|) }༡) (O) (33+།] 1337）137x7 （311) ར>>1 13༨༽ 13ང། ༣༣ {i< T (1) 7） } ན་བ་མ་དང་ཚུལ་ལ་མཁས་པ་འགས་བར་ STICITORT OF PLENTOS the superior de STORIES GIAO Tab. 87 F: 2 Piper long um folio nervoſo pallide vi- ridi, humilius . SE Fig.1. Piper lon-gum arboreum altius, folio ner-voſo minore , fpica gracilioril et breviori M » Cucht. Sculp LP'S Tab.88 Fig.2. Yaruma de Oviedo Trumpet tree. Fig. 1. Piper longum arboreum folijs latiffimis . M: 2 Gucht - Sculp: o M M Tab.89 Yaruma de Oviedo. Ambayba Braſil Margr. Från OD ODG EBOBET (GS PLOTTO GE Cottbit CETTELSCHE goue to Arte URL EGUTEGISci POTCST ULTETE DE TCHETT UTA! VA Tab.90 Logga Culoo c Corea Fig. 2. con Amarantus panicula flavi =cante gracili he loſericea . Fig.1 Fegopyrum ſcan major, fiore et fubrotundis dens feu volubilis nigra fructu mentbranaceis, et compreſſis. Тур-до- Threr ATLET 1934 og a ar 'H UNIU OF Tab.91 ह dea M OVOM INE Fig.2. Blitum album majus fcandens. Fig.1 Amarantus fruticofus erectus , ſpica viridi laxa et ſtrigofa . Top On by N OF Tab.92. bo Fig.1. Blitum minus album , polyf =permon,folio fubrotundo. Fig. 2 Blitum polygonoi- des et albo variegatum viride feu ex viridi polyanthos M.2 uucht. Sculp se sedat Tab.93. Decchus Fig.1. Parietaria folijs . ex adverfo nal =centibus, urticæ racemiferæ flore . CSUTEIPITEELITOS VOITTEES BOLS SAGE to TCP 병 ​Fig: 2 Herniaria luci da aquatica. I Surage Gulp IV. & edot bo Бяхат. Тя 11 калоріТоп but its endinum1.09 Aparine femine Fig. 2 pau lævi cioribus folijs diſpoſitis es mineo, feminibus atris quadrangulis duplici ſerie Corchoro affinis,chamadryos folioflore fta- M.2.Gucht Sculp Tab.94. ONE OF bo EGO. Bybel H OF IC Tab.95. OP Fig. 1. Gentianella flore coeruleo inte gro, vaſculo ſeminali ex hu- midi contactu impatiente. Fig Rapunculus folio oblongo ferrato, flore galeato , integro, pallide luteo 2. sto it to all Tondilombo lliure OF Tab.96. Fig. 1. Convolvulus maximus, mus, caulc fpi- =nulis obtufis obfito, flore albo, folio hederaceo angulofo. Fi: 2. Convolvulus ma jorhepta -phyllos, flore fulphureo , odorato ſpeciofif fimo. Spanilla arbor vine, or Spaniſh woodbina . Hog bonjo for zulovlova OVLETT rol onim in huvimo plantillagnol 2 Tab.97. Fig:1. Convolvulus pentaphyflo: ininor,flore purpurco. Fig. 2. Convolvulus major polyanthos, longiffime latifli meq; repens floribus albis minoribus odoratis. M.». Lucht. Sculp • te dit Home Terbaru C H UN M Tab.98. Fig. 1. Convolvulus major, folio fubrotundo, flore amplo purpureo. Fig. 2 Convolvulus folio lanato, in tres lacinias diviſo, flore oblon- go purpureo · MX: Gucht. Sculp Corno sumpo CSICIOS care 6100 o Connorative Tab.99 Lebane сотулотлагтуге ти ܢܟܠܕ Fy Convoyulus minor lanuginoſus , fubrotundo, florecendeo Ý folio Fig. 2. Convolvulus minor repens , num. mulariæ folio flore coeruleo. Fig. 3. Convolvulus fólio Tectus minor anguſto candicante M.». Cucht. Sculp e edo - 110 111 11 . Tab. 100. Rapunculus fruticoſus, villofis ex adverfo fi Fig. 1. folijs oblongis, integrisengon ang tis,flore purpureo, villoſo.ololliv one der goisti, a te Fig . 2 Speculum Veneris majus impatiens UNIL 00 de molt, amilotinil anos dont euro zibil labs sa 107. looselosti Tab. 101. Fig : 1. Rapunculus fruti-cofus linifolius, flore luteo fpeciofo, folijs ex adverfo fitis. Fig: 2. Rapun culus aquaticus folijs cichorij ) : flore albo, tubulo longiffimo. UN OF hoice morbi epilo apipuri de omillignol olacoste odle oral Tab. 102 mu Rapunculo affinis folio oblongo ferra 1ofo, femine minu Fig. 1. anomala vaſculifera, to,flore coccinco tubu- to oblongo luteo Fig. 3 Hormino affinis, folijs anguſtis glabris . Fig. 2. mo Mentaftrum maximum , flore cæruleo, nardi odore. Oslo UNE OF दा Tab. 103. ke Eur 3. . 3. 1 Fig. 3.3 Cardamomum minus, pſeudo Fig. 2. afphodeli folijs Antirrhinum minuanguftiis dat folium,flore dilu tecærulo. 1093 lib.stomarilor Balſam berb. minor erecta cærulea Fig. 1 Linaria M:V. Gucht Sculp M obroka trobo ang burat Embolofti / alto lato V HOVET 2 osobno Tab. 104, Fig. 1. Ariſtolochia fcand Jens odoratilma floris labello pur pureo, Cordato. Con trayerva. , femie : Fig. 2. Digitalis folio oblongo ſerrato, ad foliorum alas florida. 2605 M:V. Gucht Seutp UA o oko toldo le zile RSS Subav i rodisi Lehrgaritootheqin 2 2. in pediculo fingulari. Fig: 2.2 Zinziberfylveſtre 2. majus , fructu 2 Fig. Zinziber fylveſtre caufium fummi- minus , fructu e tate exeunte, Tab.105. UN . o arburst, LIP TO Tab.106. M 基 ​AP Arum minus , nymphex folijs eſcu Aentum. Fig. 2: Arum minus eſculentum , fagittaria folijs viridi-nigricantibus , M.3.fucht. Sculp dor do . SHUTDOORS COLT so TOITO TIPLO LETTIETO sito oitotaov NO Tab.107 IND Fig. 2. Verbena minima Chama - dryos folio, Fig: 1. Verbena folio fubrotundo, ferrato, flore coeruleo, Verpain. I SP:10 ТАБsprayonun yот.е. у ро таҳст уларногт Tab.108. wo 收 ​loo Fig: 2. Fig.1. Veronica frutico da erecta dulcis hexan dilute coeruleo . Nepeta maxima, flore albo fpica habitiori, =g'ulari caule, flore тр To2. Tab.109. Fig.1. Prunella elatior flore albo. bol is located Lembia is Fig. 2. Sideritis fpicata,fcrophulariæ folio flore albo, fpicis brevibus habitioribus rotundis,pediculis infidentibus , Wild hopps , por det odls solo suboksieplenie ei kuiboq, or audinitidest Tab. 110. 2 S corodonia floribus fpicatis purpurafcentibus femine unico majori echinato. 1 Fig: Fig.2. Scordium mariti procumbens mum fruticofum flore coeruleo. OF otorgatan amalan otstone merginos Tab. 111. Fig: 2 Phaſeolus perennis anguſtifolius flore luteo, feminelato, compreffo, minore rubro,maculis nigris notato The ſmall red ſpotted bean. gen Fig:1. Phaſeolus maximis perennis femine compreſſo, lato ,nigris maculis notato The great bean. CO ပါ။ B Tab. 112 Fig. 1. Fig.1.2.3 02 Phaſeolus major perennis , floribus fpicatis filiqua breviori rotundiore femine albo fphærico. Iamaica peoſe. Fig : 2. Fig. 4.5.6 4. Phaſeolus glycyrrhizites, folio alato, piſo coccineo atra macula notato Wild Liquorice. Fig.5. Fig. 3 Fig.6. ONE Fig: 4. Tab. 113. 2 1. W Fig: 1.2.3. 3 Paſeolus maximus perennis floribus fpicatis albis fpeciofis, filiquis brevibus latis , femen album hilo albido fere circumdante. Bonaviſt. Idem femine ruffo. IPE 11 o enost 1970 flore pur Fig. 4. Phaſcolus minor OF Tab.114, Fig.1.2.3 Phaſcolus maxi mus, filiquâ enfi formi nervis infig nita, et femine alb membranulâ incluſo Horſe-beans. lacteſcens , pureo, 10 Tab.115. CC532 WO 1. 2. Fig : 3. 2. supatilojen 2 Phaſeolus erec- tus major, ſiliqua tereti, ſemine, rubro, by minist Jamaica red peaſe . Fig : 1. Phaſeolus minmus foetidy floribus fpicatis e viridi luteis,femine maculato. eidsoil and into the M:V. Gucht Sculp; OF .all.de UPLO te on briedis z Tab.116. Fig: 3. Quadrifoliun, crectum flore lutco. Fig. 2. Hedyſarum triphyllum fruti =cofum, flore purpureo ,ſiliqua varie diſtorta, Fig.1. Phaſcolus erectus lathy roides, flore amplo, coccineo. मदिन C Tab. 112 2. 1. 3. Om Fig.1.2.3. Phaſeolus erectus minor, femine fphærico atban albido hilo nigro. The Calavance. NIL vbsH Tab.117. Fig.1. Hedyfarum triphyllum fruticofum minus . Hedyſarumrip- hillum fruticofum Opel que fupinun, flo- re purpureo.. Fig.3. Hedyſarum ca ule hirſuto ,mi -mofæ folijs alalis ,pinnis acıl- tis minimis gramineis. N culottur mutter 10 ans are some Plan Tab.119. Fig: 1. Loto pentaphyllolili quoſo villoſo fimilis anonis non fpi nofa,folijs ciſti inſtar glutind fis& odoratis. Fig.2. to be Anonis non fpinofaminor, glabra, procumbens ,flore luteo. N Tab.120 Viſcum cariophylloides maximum capitulis in fummitate conglomeratis . M : fucht. Sculp oodit mussol nilabb mi onditoribistandort -lab.introdud sin oloiboy torrent moderne xbomo BAZOHIT fra UNIGING Viſcum delphinij flore minus petalis eviridi albicantibus Fig.3. anguftioribus ,tadicefibroſa. Haz t 11 hy Л A 7711 Vifcum radice bulboſa minus , del- plinij forerubro fpeciofo.. Fig. 2. tripetalo purpureo, fome 11e filamentafo. folijspruinæ inftar candi tantibus Hore Viſcum cariophylloi- des minus Figs. Tab. 121. OF สาม ไร เสนเนปานะ 1.1.21 3 1 1 แสรา 101 ดอก สมา Tab.122. Fig.1. Vifcum cariophillos imis viridibus apie tripetalo purpura des minus foliorum bus fubrubicundis flore femine filamentoſo. to be GUFTUS EST Obno Fig. 2. Fig. 2.3 "Vifcum cary/ophylloides tenuiflimum, e ramulis arborum muſei in modum edependens , folijs pruinæ inftar candicantibus flore tripe Etalo femine filamentofo: An old mans beard. Mv Gucht. Sculp Fig: 3 globalberichte olodris missing Costa errotain sodelo identia Irtisol bilmos o mon9 ) Tab. 123. oud 000000 Fig. 2. Sinapi foliis fubrotundis ſer ratis femine ruffo. Muſtard . LETTE Fig . 1. Leucojum ly teum ſive Keiri minimum polygala facie TV Evertor a tady menos aired & Fig . 3. Iberis humilior an Toilon ramofior nua Virginiana Mor. Pepper-graße. UN esidST ff Shair SALE boilinland o N roilormar Hilonitroll Wonen Tab.124. Fig. 1. KA Sinapiſtrum Indicum triphyllum flore carneo non fpinofum. Herm. Fig : 2. Veronica caule hexangulari,folijs fatureiæ ternis, ferratis. 201, 11. มาr1215151.52 1.2 กม.) aitant, airt197 sig? sintobibeo UN Tab.125 Chelidonium folijs majus arborcum quercinis appara TOLPET CSAn toqor couro Lampe GLOCETTE Tab.126 App Tithymalus erectus acris, parietariæ folijs glabris , floribus ad caulium nodos conglo- -meratis TSP 15 allesvoolutrol nobile opet satul rol 1 albo Tab.127 anomala flore tetrapetalo albo Aceris fruchu herba anomalo Aceris fruchi herba rapetalo Fig.1. Fig: 2 Flore Fig. 5. Cistus urticæ folio, flore luteo, vaſcutis, Fig. 4 Cistus urticæ folio, trigonis. flore luteo, vafculis trigonis. Fig: 3. Lyſimachia lutea non pappofa erecta major folijs hirſutis fructu cariophylloide. Fig: 6. Chamæcistus urticæ folio flore luteo . Fig: 7. Chamæcistus caule hirfuto, folio oblongo, anguſto , finuato, flore luteo pediculo inſidente. Goblin onore N OP Disse A pinto il 90017 abrol valitsen vilice su o afilo gilauad Tab.128. Lyffimachia lutea non pppoſa erecta minor, Flore luteo pen atapetalo, fructu cariophylloide. Fig:2 Lyſimachia lutea non pappoſa erecta minor. flore luteo pentapetalo, fructu cariophylloide. 4 4 fe extendens Fig. 4. Cuſcuta inter majorem & minorem media, filamentis longis & fortibus latiſsime ſuper. campos arbores vel Fig.1 Clematitis prima five fylvestris latifolia.CB.folijs ternis anto OF 5ibonmotorrimento motu positories and tolergrof zonesli ano baixo ok zoq lov 2970d obsline Olona de Tab. 4129 . W Fig. 2. Alfini affinis, folijs bellidis minoris, caule nudo . Anagallis -lacæ aquatica cæruleaportu- aulc et folijs. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Portulaca erecta fe di minoris facie capitulo to inen tofo. Fig.5: Fig.4.5. Apocynum erectum folio oblongo, flore umbellato, petalis coccineis reflexis . ds + Sie oortoldo aile mutta en A e xulot is also cosibdmus y boch omililoibal 15 Silib 010 f1.2 mabao meni V. N OF M Tab.130. cor or Fig. 1. Linum ſcan dens,flore dilute purpureo,ſemine triangulari. Fig. 2. Apocynum erec tum fruticoſum flore luteo maximo et fpeciofillimo. Savannaflower. gja odtogtolt yi brystfon itseid tas no 2 robo 21013 Tab.131. Fig . 4 Nummulaja faxatilis minima rerns folijs crena tis, villofforibus albis. Fig.3. Nummularia minima flore albo . Fig.1. Apocynun fruticoſun ſcandens geniſta hiſpanicæ facie, flo ribus lacteis odoratis , Fig: 2. Apocynum fcandens majus fofio fubrotundo , UNIL jeld an ומסום andmot 2015 (11 11 12 13 chritud Roll hobl Tab. 132 Olace Fig.4. Heliotropium minus lithos perini fo lijs Fig.2. Vetica folio ano mala, Hore pen tape- talo purpureo, Fig. 3. Heliotropium maritimum minus folio glauco, flore fructu pentacocco muricato. albo Fig 1. Tribulus terreſtris major, flore niaximo odorato Tab. 133. Fig. 3. Alcea maxima, malva rolex folio fructu decagono, recto, craffiore breviore, efculento. Okra. Fig: 2. Alcea maxima, matvæ rofex folio, fructu pentagono recurvo eſcudento graciliore et longiore. Lone-Okra. Fig. 1. Dentellaria lych- nioides ſylvatica fcandens flore albo. /JUGEN TOTG Cher IP.133 Tab.134 capula maritima , folio ſubrotundo, Fig.4. minore acuminato fubtus candido, cortice in funes ductili, flore luteo. Thefea Mahot or Mangrove Tree. Malva arborea in fines ductili, Fig . 1.2.3. folio rotundo , cortice flore miniato maxi- Emo liliaceo The Mahot or Mangrove tree. Fig.2: Fig.3 UN OF mic Tab.135 Fig.2. Abutilon frutico fum folijs fubrotundis ferratis,floribus albis pentapetalis,adiola alas foliorum conglomeratis , Fig.1. Malva arborea folio oblongo, acu- minato ,veluto, dentato et leviter finuato flore ex rubro flaveſcente. OF IT Tab.136. Fig2 Althra flore luteo Fig.1. Malva arborea fo lio oblongo. acuminat to, glabro, dentato M:V. Gucht Brulp: OF 19 Margito de ELECTd steel Tomislav M zudumsimo sro, oilo? 129972 Tab.137. 不 ​a Fig. 1. Malva afpera major aquatica, ex hortenfium feu roſearum genere, flore minore luteo fenuine aculeato. Fig.2. Malva minor ſupina betonicæ folio, flore coccin neo , feminibus afperis. O, அபாவிமயமா A UN Tab. 138. 3 F10:2.3. Abutilon arboreum fpicatum betonicæ folio incano , flore minore pupureo. Fig . 1. Althæa ſpicata betonicæ folio villofiffinio. PELOTGES POT butbunca урлаг рус тип носат нарын CATES Voor bahru phone Taas bobstis po IV. N OR M Tab.139 1 Fig. 2. Alcea fruticofa aquatica , folio cor- =dato ſcabro, flore pallide luteo. Fig.4. Alcea populi folio, villofo, leviter ferrato Fig. 3. Alcea populi folio , incano integro . Fig. 1. Abutilon herbac cum procumbens, betonicæ folio, Ho re purpureo . Tab. 140. Fig.1. Fig: 3. Fig.1.2.3. Alea arborea , althea folio , florum petalis luteis deorfum reflexis. OF Tab. 141 Fig. 1 F19.3. Cucurbita lagenaria minima collo longo recurvo. Fig. 4:52 Fig: 4. Reſina pici fimilis inodora. Montagne faciunt Americani Radix Ricini Caffada vulgo dicti , ex qua panem Cucurbita lagenaria longa , recta , minor. OR 3 Tab.142. unico exelleneu SSURE Fig.6. werres ဝခံ Fig. 5 Fig: 4. ren Fig.5.6. Bryonia alba triphylla geniculata, folijs craſsis acidis. co recies , wir ) X le Figd. Cucumis mi hima fruchu oval nigroflavi Fig:3 4. Flos paffionis perfoliatus , five periclymeni (perfoliato folio. Fig . 2. Colocynthis bryonia albæ folio, in quing lacinias dentatas profunde fecto, afpero, cathartico. LPH ge ek Tab. 143. 沙沙 ​beezer Fig. 2: Bryonia nigra fruticoſa, l'acemi ramu lis varie implicitis, atq; caudæ fcorpionis inftar in fe contortis, baccis albis una vel altera nigra macula notatis. Fig. 1. Smilax aſpera, fructu Tigro ,radice nodoſa, magna lævi, farinacea China distâ. China . Brony pod podprla 21501 St Maths Tab.144 Fig. 2 Bryonia alba triphilla maxima Fig.1. Bryonia alba genicu Aata ,violæ folijs. baccis e viridi. purpurafcentibus Figs Solanum bacciferum ; caule et folijs tomento incanis,ſpinoſis floreluteo fructu croceo minore, Al do Lately love dizolsta 92 . Tab.145. 2 . Fig: 2 Bryonia nigra fruticoſa, folijs laurinis, floribus racemofis. fpeciofis. Fig. 3 Solanum fruticofum bacci- ferum fpi 11ofum, flore cæruleo. PATOG CESS Fig:1. Bryonia nigra fruticofa,folijs integris ex adverfo pofitis fiore luteo racemoſo, fætido . UN M og erop CD but no LAS ST GEGGEN Q OF ON Tab. 146. Fig. 3. Capficum et rugoſa. filiqua lata Park. Fig. 1. uni Fig. 2. Capſicum minus fructu parvo pyramidaſi erecto. Solanum 2 um racemofum ceraforum forina vel cerafa amoris racemoſa rubra. C.B. M.V. Gucht Brulp UPPT Tab.147. Fig.2. Orchis elatior la tifolia, afphodeli radice, fpica ſtrigoſa. Periclymenum rectu folio , folij pedicu Fig. 1. m herbaceum gentianæ lo caulem ambiente, M:v. Gucht Sculp Go IV. 2 Tab.148. Fig.4. Fig: 3 Fig:2. Viſcum delphinij flore minimum. Viſcum delphin ijflore albo gue tato, minus, ra dice fibrofa. Fig.1. Viſcum radicebulbofa majus et elatius , delphinij florefer- =rugineo guttato Fig:1 Fig4.4.Conyza inodora, helenij folio, integro,duro,angusto,oblongo. capitulis in lateribus ramorum conglomeratis. M:21. yucht Sculp Tab149. À V. yucht 3 culp Fig. 2 radice alba Canna ludica alexiphar maca Fig.1. Nympheæ affinis paluſiris plantaginis aquaticæ folio, flore hexapetalo ftellari coeruleo Fig. 3. Hieracium fri ticoſum anguftif fimis grami neis folijs capitulis parvis w PIC OF UN) odel orto stot Tab150. Fig. 1. Hicracium mi longis integris Etis foliis nimum V et anguf Fir.3.4 Conyza majorino mtegro ficco et dora , helenij folio duro, cichorij flore latcribus exeun te albo e ramorum Fig . 4. Fig. 2 Fig. 2. Dens leonis , folio fubtus incano, flore purpureo . Miv.yueht - Seulp Од oridskorlatinotod Tab.151 Fig.3. Conyza fruicofa .ciſti odore, floribus pallide pupureis fummitatibus ramu- -horum infientibus , capitulis et femine majoribus Fig.1. Althæaſpicata, betonica folio glabro. flore luteo,habih tiori fpica. Fig: 2. Conyza fruticofa, ciſti odore, floribus pallide purpureis fummatibus ramulo- rum infidentibus,capitulis et femine mi = 110ribus. Не ср. Арга DUGI Hop barbus, COPES floribus fpi Fig. 5. Helichryfum Tab.152. Fig. 4. Virga aurea major five herba doria folio finuato , lir futo. ITSE Fig.3 Fig. 2. cæ folio Senecio mi niajoris nor, bellidis Conyza urti folio caule alato. Fig.1. Conyza major odorata fel baccharis, floribus purpur- reis nuclis , catis , Tab.153. Fig.2. Fig.1.2. Conyza folio haſtato, feu trian- gulari , ferrato glabro . Fig. 3. Conyza minor pro cumbens foetida flore luteo feminibu tomento obductis. onbid cilo siva murotaslyd ogrolde ord bloot Tab.154. Fig. 2.3. Chryſanthemum trifoliatum ſcandens flore luteo, femine longo roftra to bidente , Fig. 4. Chryſanthemum conyzoides nodiflorum, le mine roftrato bidente Fig.3; Fig: 1. Chryſanthemum Calviæ folio rugoſo ſcabro oblongo. M.V Gucht Sculp Sinishid cilotivin la modalid ogrolde orde bloqu IV. OF Tab.155. Fig. 2. Chryſanthemum ſylvaticum repens minus cham ædrylos folio, flore luteo nudo, ſemine roſtrato Fig. 1. Chryſanthemum paluſtre, repens ,minus odoratum (folio ſcabro trilobato. Fig . 3. Chryſanthemum paluſtre minimum repens, apij folio. V: V. Ýucht Brulo Het Too pie LOULSIO Pia IG FERICORDS Circle Lara tal.de UNI Tab.156. Fig-2 Fig. 1. Fig.4. Fig.1.2. Fig Scabiofæ affuis 2 anomala fylvatica enulæ folio, fin- gulis flofculis albis in eodem capitulo perianthia habentibus , ſemi- -ne pappofo. Fig. 3.4 Eryngium folijs anguſtis ferratis foetidum. M.v.yucht Sucłp IPRO 1817 ARTES SCIENTIA LIBRARY VERITAS OF THE | UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN TUEBOR SHQUARIS PENINSULAM AMENAN CIRCUMSPICE MUSEUM Museums