966
24

Museum
QL
43007
U6
C 75
Copy 2
+
U generosus Gould,
Hab. Davoy, Purnah
1817
Lang
ARTES
SCIENTIA
VERITAS
LIBRARY
OF THE
| UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
PLURIBUS UNUN
TUEBOR
ΜΣΝΑΜ
SPOVERIS. PENINSULAMAMENE
CIRCUMSPICE
UU9.07
MUSEUM
OF
ZOOLOGY
BEQUEST OF
BRYANT WALKER
HONORARY CURATOR OF MOLLUSKS
1910-1936
Conrad T. A. Monography of the Family Unionidæ or
Naiades of Lamark or North America. 122pp. 65 col.
pl. 180 fig. 8. p, 1835–40, original paper covers and
almost good as new, extra rare,
15.00
es

Mr. S. – Multistraten, den
pun Beziel !!
ad quad-
Unio famelicus (Gould)
I parva, tenuis, transversa oblongo- ovata comexiuscula, epai-
dermide fusco- castaneo induta; margine dorsali arcuato;
margine ventrali rectiusculo; latere antico angusto; latere
postico oblique rotundats, apicious hand elevatis
rantem anteriorem sitis; dente cardinali obliquo, compresso,
valido; dento laterali brevi, recto; margarita sub purpurea.
Unio famelicus, Gould; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, iii. 244.
Nov. 1850. Expedition Shells.se
Shell quite small, thing
, inequilateral transversely clougated,
somewhat obliquely ovate: dorsal edge ascending regularly curved
and somewhat more so than the central marging, which varies from slight
by cowex to slightly concave; anterior and circularly.rounded, posterior
bud somewhat declining, ootusely rounded at hijo, which is near the
ventral ma
margin:
beaks at anterior fourth slightly elevated, much
eroded, of a light bronze-green colour; disk conver; umbonal slopes
fall, not angular; epidermis yellowish-green on posterior slope, ausky
ou disk: surface rather enooth, he lines of growth fine and regular.

5. 4. 2
titie
344 a

some indications of radiazing strice on the dish, mare pale green-
lish-white cardinal tooth
very oblique, elevated, compressede-bri-
angular, striated, double in the right valve: a caseiderable thin, rounded
curved space intervenes before coming to the lateral tooth, which is
short, straight, double in the left value: cavity of the beakssmall and
hallow i muscular imfaressions well marked .
Length an inch and a quarter; height three-fourths
-of an inch,
breaath three-eights of an inch
Amharits Yrallawalla, Oregow. Or. Puikering
A small and rather remarkable species like a miniature W.com.
planatus. It is more equilateral, has no dorsal angles. The dorsal and
ventral margins diverge more, and the cardinal teeth
oblique. It also resembles u. paludicolus, from Florida, but is
,
are more
bimaller,
Figures 544, 544a, 5446, thell views of the shell.

Song Ey-copy pp. 2658 266 Volz,

a. gibbosa - shell this and rey frapele; Mach
instated; anterior and posterior Manche machines
comprend, the forme alated; seiface pale-
pllowish bertaceom, finely Raditze wit
gum, and having somewhat regules con-
centric munte undulations; within some-
What iridescent. Il
Length about one and einl-tenths, realth
two and mine- tenths
This theld exhibili a remarkable athe-
in
the unusually quat-con-
rexity of the discs and umbones, dit is
strikingly distinct, and was
tome hyr & e
teaths of
auch, 1)
arance
/
a
presentiel

one of more in
.
et one from Anthony
I find
from Weath
t one from the
Henny es vielltidian

Bl. 87
+
4 4
7
gibbosa Georgia Hy enteret
dr. Newcomb

se
Jaran a
Garaid drama
Mas Neo
The Class of Eighty-ser
of
The Cornell University
requests the pleasure of your company
Tuesday evening, Iune fourteenth 1987
at The Armory
Ithaca, NY

58
[1883.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
A NEW UNIO FROM FLORIDA.
BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.
Unio Cunninghami. Plate I, figs. 1-4.
Shell ovate, ventricose and very inequilateral, smooth, inter-
rupted by numerous irregular, undulating lines of growth, causing
a scaly appearance near the margins, and very highly polished
above; substance of shell very thick, constricted posteriorly,
angular behind and truncated before ; ligament margin moderately
arcuate and angular at the terminus (tip); posterior margin
wedge-shaped and slightly acuminate; ligamental area elongately
cordiform and wide, nearly forming a plane in old individuals;
umbonal slope subangular from beak to margin; anterior margin
angular above and somewhat abruptly rounded beneath ; basal
margin emarginate posteriorly in the males and uniformly curved
in the females ; epidermis usually dark chestnut or reddish brown,
interspersed with marginal bands of light horn-color; occasionally
the entire shell is of uniform light horn-color, wrinkled and entirely
destitute of rays; greatest diameter near the middle of the umbos ;
beaks eroded and obtuse; umbo broad and flattened; nacre usually
a delicate pink : occasionally white; cardinal and lateral teeth both
single in the right and double in the left valve, lateral teeth short,
slightly and uniformly curved and separated from the cardinal
teeth by a space equal to one-half of their own length; cavity of
the shell and beak both shallow ; dorsal cicatrices five and situated.
above the centre of the cavity of the beak; distinct anterior, and
confluent posterior cicatrices; ventral cicatrix usually present and
placed anterior to the centre of the cavity of the shell.
Habitat.—Lakes of Sumter County, Florida.
This beautiful shell belongs near U. Buckleyi Lea, from which
it differs in being strictly rayless in all stages of its growth, greater
diameter, more angular anteriorly above and more abruptly rounded
beneath, broader and flatter umbos and more abrupt posterior slope.
The cardinal teeth are much heavier and not as oblique as in
U. Buckleyi. A large suite of the shells was sent to me by Mr.
T. L. Cunningham, of Yalaha, Sumter County, Florida, in whose
honor we name it.
Plate I, fig. 1, Unio Cunninghami, old male; 2, full-grown female ;
3, old male ; 4, young male.

88

Proc. A.N.S. Phila 1883.
Plate 1
2.
1.
-3
X
4.
T Sinclair & San, Lith. Phila.
x
UNIO CUNNINGHAMI
Wright



Regents Report - No. 15, has
a
list of Anthony's Gift of unies to
Ny state
1

Simu J. Wright, 3.3
MONOGRAPHY
OF THE
FAMILY UNIONIDÆ,
OR NAIADES OF LAMARCK,
(FRESH WATER BIVALVE SHELLS)
OF
NORTH AMERICA,
In 18 munici,
nun
ILLUSTRATED BY FIGURES DRAWN ON STONE FROM NATURE.
BY T. A. CONRAD,
CURATOR OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, HONORARY MEMBER OF
THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
PHILADELPHIA:
J. DOBSON, 108 CHESNUT STREET.
1836.
1

w
E. G. DORSEY, PRINTER,
12 Library Street.

TO
CHARLES A. POULSON, ESQ.
Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, foc.
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED
AS A SLIGHT TRIBUTE OF ESTEEM,
BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND,
THE AUTHOR.


Museum
3.31.38
c.3
MONOGRAPHY
OF THE
FAMIL Y UNIONID.
UNIO.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Shell equivalved, inequilateral: cardinal teeth two
in each valve, irregular, generally striated, simple or
biparted; an elongated lamelliform tooth on the pos-
terior hinge margin of the right valve, and two
similar teeth on the corresponding margin of the left
valve: muscular impressions two principal ones in
each valve.
OBSERVATIONS.
Mr. Say justly remarks, that, “in North America,
the shells of this genus excel those of any other
country in magnitude, beauty, and diversity of spe-
cies.” The rivers of Tennessee have furnished the
most beautiful specimens of many species common to
the western waters. The Ohio or Mississippi has

2
not hitherto furnished a single species existing in
tide waters which flow into the Atlantic; and the
only shell of this character is the Alasmodonta mar-
ginata, Say.
The shells of this genus may be divided into two
groups, the “winged” and “not winged,” as Mr. Sow-
erby has proposed for the whole family of UNIONIDÆ.
The former are included in the genus Symphynota, of
Mr. Lea, which we cannot adopt, because, as Fe-
russac justly remarks, “in the same family generic
characters should be taken from the same parts;”
thus the other genera are formed from the absence
or arrangement of the hinge teeth, whilst Symphynota,
without any regard to the hinge, is constructed from
a testaceous connexion of the valves, which Ferussac
observes is “almost an organic character among the
ACEPHALA which have the mantle completely closed
near the hinge margin, at least in young shells.”
Dr. Kirtland has made some interesting remarks
on the sexes of this family, in which he has proved
them to be distinct, in the opinion of many concho-
logists; and the sex can be ascertained by the form
of the shell. Almost every species has two promi-
nent varieties of form, one of which is shorter and
more ventricose than the other, which is happily ex-
plained by the observations of the intelligent author
of the essay referred to.*
*Vide Silliman's Journ. vol. xxvi. p. 117.


1
x
Unio fasciatus, Raf
.
Zigamentines, Lam
to

3
UNIO FASCIATUS.
PLATE I.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, compressed, yellowish olive, with
broad dark green rays, and a few intermediate nar-
row rays; umbo slightly compressed, little promi-
nent; anterior side short; ligament margin scarcely
curved, slightly declining; posterior margin obliquely
truncated; umbonial slope abruptly rounded; submar-
gin slightly furrowed; basal margin protruding a
little near and behind the middle; within white;
cardinal teeth thick, direct; margin thin, showing the
exterior rays.
SYNONYMES.
U. FASCIATUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 28.
Poulson's translation, p. 20. Say, Amer. Conch. No, 6.
Ferussac, Mag. de Zool.
U. CARINATUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journal, vol. vi.
p. 126.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1020.
uolig
non Lans, Rock rire alla
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell has been considered a variety of cario-
sus by some conchologists, but it is invariably more
ponderous and compressed, with very different mark-
ings and cardinal teeth. It is most nearly related to
the crassus, Say, but can be distinguished by its
more elliptical outline, much broader and darker rays,
and by the beaks being less nearly terminal. Fe-
russac gives carinatus, Barnes, as a synonyme to
crassus, Say. Common in the western waters. The

4
figure is from a specimen from the Scioto, given me
by my friend, Dr. William Blanding.
UNIO OVATUS.
PLATE II.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subtriangular, rather thin, compressed ante-
riorly, inflated over the umbonial slope, which is pro-
foundly angulated and subrectilinear; posterior slope
flattened or slightly concave, much wrinkled; umbo
inflated, prominent, sloping anteriorly, distant from
the anterior margin; surface glabrous, olive-yellow;
within bluish; cardinal teeth double in each valve,
very oblique, compressed, elevated.
SYNONYMES.
U. Ovatus, Say. Nicholson's Ency. (3d Amer. ed.) art. Conch.
pl. ii. fig. 7. Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi.
p.
75.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1225.
OBSERVATIONS.
The great depression of the posterior slope distin-
guishes this species from the cardium, Raf. Old
shells are produced posteriorly. It varies consider-
ably in form; some specimens are compressed, others
very ventricose, with rather broad radii over the
whole disk. This variety is so dissimilar to the
specimen figured, that I propose to designate it by
a distinct name, terming it variety ornatus; it is com-
mon in the rivers of South Alabama. The species is
common in the western waters.

2
+ Unio ovatus, Say.

}


3
+
1
2
1 1. Unio clave, Lam,
2.Unio decisus, Lea.

5
UNIO CLAVA.
ساسا
PLATE III.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell cuneiform, very oblique; posterior side pro-
duced, compressed, with an oblique furrow rapidly
widening from the umbo; ligament margin arcuate,
very oblique; umbo elevated, narrowed, inclining for-
wards; beaks curved to a point, terminal; epidermis
wrinkled, olive-yellow or brownish, with interrupted
rays over the umbo, disappearing with age; within
white, very iridescent posteriorly; cardinal tooth in
the left valve nearly parallel with the ligament mar-
gin.
SYNONYMES.
U. CLAVA, Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi.
P.
74.
U. SCALENIUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 43. pl.
Ixxxi. fig. 24, 25. Poulson's trans. p. 47.
U. MODIOLIFORMIS, Say.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1117.
OBSERVATIONS.
A beautiful species when perfect, and common in
the western rivers. With age the posterior side be-
comes greatly produced and compressed, and gene-
rally furnished with irregular indentations. Allied to
U. oviformis, nob. and decisus, LEA.
B

6
UNIO DECISUS.
PLATE III.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell cuneiform, oblique; anterior margin obtusely
rounded; posterior side produced, somewhat com-
pressed, with a very oblique indistinct furrow, and
irregular indentations, frequently obsolete; extremity
angular; beaks nearly terminal, eroded; umbonial
slope rectilinear, subangulated; epidermis finely wrin-
kled inferiorly, reddish brown with obsolete brown
narrow rays; within white.
SYNONYMES.
U. DECISUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series, vol.
iv.
p. 92, pl. xii. fig. 23.
U. TAITIANUS, ib. vol. v. p. 39, pl. iv. fig. 11. variety.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1733.
OBSERVATIONS.
This species much resembles the preceding, but
can always be distinguished by its broader and less
oblique umbo, uniform absence of green rays, and
by its rectilinear umbonial slope, but more especially
by the posterior extremity, which is never so nearly
on a line with the base as in the former shell, which
with age is greatly produced and compressed, whilst
the present species, when old, never becomes so;
the cardinal teeth, also, are very different. Com-
mon in the Alabama river, and has hitherto been
found only in the state of Alabama.

17
그
​UNIO REFLEXUS. La
PLATE IV.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suboval, thick anteriorly; middle of the disks
with a single row of distant elevated tubercles, about
four in number; umbo not very prominent, subme-
dial; umbonial slope subcarinated; posterior side
slightly furrowed and emarginate at base; posterior
slope flattened, with transverse undulations; poste-
rior extremity truncated; within white; cardinal teeth
large, direct, much sulcated.
Var. A. disks covered with small tubercles.
Var. B. epidermis blackish, nacre purple.
SYNONYMES.
U. REFLEXUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 40.
Poulson's trans. p. 40. Say, Amer. Conch. No. 6. Ferussac,
Mag. de Zool.
U. CORNUTUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi. 122.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1750.
p.
OBSERVATIONS.
Allied to the U. flexuosus, but approaches nearest
to U. gibbosus, RAF., yet may always be distinguish-
ed from that species by its suboval outline, and the
regularity and prominence of its tubercles. The
two varieties I found in the Alabama river. The
figure represents a tuberculated specimen. The
species preserves its distinctive characters in very

8
remote localities, specimens from south Alabama
perfectly resembling others from the waters of Indi-
ana.
UNIO FLEXUOSUS.
PLATE IV.-Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subtriangular, bifurcated, swelling and sub-
nodulous in the middle; posterior side with a wide
oblique furrow; umbonial slope obtusely carinated;
umbo flattened, prominent; epidermis with numerous
slender rays; within white, cardinal teeth direct,
sulcated; lateral teeth short and thick.
SYNONYMES.
U. FLEXUSUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 40.
U. FOLIATUS, Hildreth. Silliman's Journ. vol. xiv. p. 248, fig.
16.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1050.
OBSERVATIONS.
A specimen of this shell in Mr. Poulson's cabinet
was labelled by Rafinesque, whose description, un-
der the name we have adopted, entirely accords with
the species before it has attained its profound bifur-
cation.
This singular species, when young, is smooth, and
simply emarginate behind the middle. It approaches
nearest to U. gibbosus, Raf. Not uncommon in the
western rivers.

4.
1
인
​2
2.11nio flézte s 1.8, R af,
1. Unio reflexus, Raf
Cornutus, Bar.
foliatus, Hild.

и

Lo

5
A
2
+ +
1. Unio Phillipsii, con.
2. Unio Metaneurus, Raf:
(0) .
a var of
Dec. 1835.

9
UNIO PHILLIPSII.
PLATE V.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subovate, with concentric furrows; anterior
side smooth; disk with a single row of irregular
tubercles in the centre, some of which are elongated
and grooved; posterior side narrowed, with a wide
furrow and a few small tubercles; umbonial slope
straight, carinated and tuberculated; posterior slope
concave, indistinctly tuberculated; ligament slope
rectilinear, oblique; extremity direct, emarginate;
basal margin swelling centrally, emarginate behind;
umbo prominent, rather broad, flattened at the sum-
mit; beaks retuse; epidermis yellowish-brown, with
indistinct filiform rays over the umbo; within white;
cardinal teeth rather small, direct, double in each
valve.
OBSERVATIONS,
This handsome species is allied to U. quadrulus,
RAF., but is very distinct, the young shell having
broad smooth and retuse beaks, whilst the young of
the quadrulus has the beaks narrowed, tuberculated,
pointed and curved forwards. The specimen figured
is from the Wabash, and is in the cabinet of Mr.
John Phillips, who called my attention to it as a
distinct species, and I have dedicated to him a small
tribute of respect for his talents and scientific zeal.

10
UNIO METANEVRUS.
PLATE V.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suboval, thick, ventricose; anterior side tu-
berculated, except near the margin, which is smooth;
disk with an oblique furrow; umbonial slope very
prominent, broad and rounded, with numerous tu-
bercles, some of which are very large; posterior slope
wide, concave, or angular, with oblique slightly re-
curved series of rib-like tubercles; umbo slightly
prominent; beaks retuse; ligament margin oblique,
rounded at the extremity; posterior margin emargi-
nate; epidermis yellowish-brown, with interrupted
green rays; within white, much thickened anteriorly.
SYNONYMES.
U. METANEVRA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 39.
Ferussac, Mag. de Zool.
U. Nodosus, Barnes. Silliman's Journal, vol. vi. p. 124, pl. vi.
fig. 7.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1754.
OBSERVATIONS.
A common species in the western and southern
rivers, easily recognised, when in perfection, by its
swelling umbonial slope: very old specimens much
resemble U. stapes, Lea, but are much larger.

11
UNIO MORTONI.
MORTONI. - tarpidez hes
see Lea's Obs. ii fage 11
PLATE VI.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suborbicular, not thick, ventricose; disk flat-
tened, or slightly furrowed from beaks to base, co-
vered with irregular tubercles; anterior margin sub-
truncated; posterior margin straight, direct; ligament
margin subarcuate, oblique, forming an angle with
the posterior margin; umbo with an oblique furrow,
prominent; beaks rather retuse, decorticated; umbo-
nial slope angular, slightly arcuate; posterior slope
flattened; epidermis yellowish brown, with fine crowd-
ed wrinkles; within white; anterior margin not thick-
ened; cardinal teeth compressed, very prominent,
oblique.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1874.
OBSERVATIONS.
This pretty species is common in Bayou Teche,
Louisiana; but I have seen it from no other locality;
it approaches nearest to the quadrulus, Raf., but dif-
fers greatly in size, convexity, and want of a distinct
furrow from beak to base. It is dedicated to my
friend Dr. S. G. Morton, whose exertions have fur-
nished a splendid collection of American and foreign
fresh water shells to the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences,

12
UNIO FRAGOSUS. Coma
PLATE VI.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suborbicular, ventricose, with an indistinct
narrow furrow, and two approximate series of very
prominent irregular tubercles, anterior ones largest;
umbonial slope angular; posterior slope slightly con-
cave, with a few narrow rib-like tubercles, more pro-
minent near the margin; posterior margin direct,
slightly emarginate; ligament slope straight, slightly
oblique; umbo narrow, prominent; beaks much in-
curved, pointed, tuberculated; epidermis brown, with
two or three broad, widely interrupted green rays.
OBSERVATIONS.
This fine species approaches quadrulus, Raf., but
is much more ventricose, has more prominent tuber-
cles, and is very distinct. I am indebted to Dr.
Blanding for the splendid specimen represented by
the figure; it is from the Scioto river, Ohio.

6
ve
+
al turgidrus Lea
= U. Mortoni lona
vos
x
2.
1. Unio Mortoni, Can. 2.Vnio fragosus, Conrad.
Dec. 1835


4

7
Х.
Unio costatus,
Raf
undulation, Barnes

17
UNIO COSTATUS.
PLATE VII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suboval, slightly ventricose anteriorly; disk
with profound oblique undulations, numerous and re-
curved behind the umbonial slope; umbo narrow,
slightly prominent, oblique, nearly terminal; ligament
margin elevated, nearly straight; epidermis yellowish
brown, sometimes blackish brown, much wrinkled
posteriorly; within white, iridescent posteriorly,
waved on the margin; cardinal teeth very thick.
SYNONYMES.
U. COSTATUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 49. pl.
lxxxii. fig. 13, 14. Poulson's trans. p. 57. Say, Amer. Conch.
No. 6. Ferus. Mag. de Zool.
U. UNDULATUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi. p. 121, pl. 2.
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell very nearly approaches U. plicatus, Say,
and some varieties can scarcely be distinguished
from it. It has, in general, more undulations, a much
less prominent umbo, is less ventricose, and has often
a yellowish epidermis, which is not the case with the
plicatus. Not uncommon in the western waters, and
in the Alabama river; very large and fine in the
rivers of Tennessee.
C

18
This species in some of its varieties so nearly re-
sembles U. heros, of Say, when the latter is old and
eroded on the umbones, that Mr. Say at one time
considered them identical; the young shell of the he-
ros, however, was found to be so entirely dissimilar
to the young of the costatus, that the specific differ-
ence was obvious to the most careless observer, and
Mr. Say in his synonymy retains his species. This
circumstance should induce those naturalists who
live in favourable situations to study the young of
every species, for as Mr. Lea has justly observed,
they are the most certain guides to specific distinc-
tions; when the umbones and beaks are perfect, most
species will exhibit very nearly the prominent cha-
racters of the very young shells, and hence the ne-
cessity of procuring cabinet specimens of the most
perfect description, if we would effectually trace the
species and make ourselves acquainted with their
affinities.
CHO
One

+
e
fo
unio retusis, Lam.

기
​
19
UNIO RETUSUS. L
PLATE VIII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell transversely ovate, ventricose, with concen-
tric furrows; umbo very prominent, curved forwards;
beaks retuse, medial; ligament long and prominent;
umbonial slope rounded, undefined; anterior and basal
margins regularly rounded; posterior side with a
slight furrow, and emarginate at the extremity; liga-
ment slope arcuate, very oblique; within dark purple,
margined with white.
SYNONYMES.
U. RETUSA, Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 72. Ferus. Mag.
de Zool.
U. TORSA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 45. pl.
lxxxii. fig. 1, 2, 3. Poulson's trans. p. 40.
OBSERVATIONS.
This fine species is remarkable for the elegance of
its form, and the prominent curved beaks which
somewhat resemble those of an Isocardia. The colour
of the nacre is remarkably constant. One variety is
deeply sulcated and emarginate posteriorly; another
is entire. Young shells much resemble U. subrotun-
dus, Rar. Common in the western waters. I did
not observe it in Alabama.

20
UNIO PARVUS.
PLATE IX.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oblong or elliptical, with prominent concen-
tric lines, and slightly contracted from beak to base;
inflated posteriorly and the basal margin dilated and
rather abruptly ascending to the extremity, which is
narrow, obtuse, and much above the line of the base;
umbo when not decorticated, profoundly sulcated;
umbonial slope undefined; posterior slope with a sub-
marginal, slightly prominent line; ligament margin
not oblique; posterior margin obliquely truncated
above; within white; cardinal teeth very erect.
SYNONYMES.
U. PARVUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journal, vol. vi.
p.
174.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1872.
OBSERVATIONS.
A small species, without any prominent character,
yet very distinct. It approaches nearest to U. lieno-
sus, nob. but that species is always more or less
radiated and generally pink or purple in the interior;
the parvus is white within and rarely rayed. Inhabits
western rivers generally from Bayou Teche in Louisi-
ana to Fox river in the North Western Territory.
An elegant specimen from the Scioto river is dark
olive-green and distinctly rayed; and the acutely an-
gulated ridges on the beaks are very perfect.


9
+
1
this
കം. - വയനാ
is not a glans
2
1. Unio parous, Betrnes. 2. Inio glans, Lea.

21
UNIO GLANS. C
PLATE IX.-Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate-elliptical, thickened anteriorly; surface
with numerous concentric lines; anterior side short;
posterior side subcuneiform; umbo slightly prominent;
beaks undulated; umbonial slope undefined; epidermis
generally dark brown, sometimes rayed; within dark
purple, except on the anterior margin; cardinal teeth
prominent, direct.
SYNONYMES.
U. GLANS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series, vol. iv.
pl. viii. fig. 12.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1168.
OBSERVATIONS.
This does not appear to be an abundant species,
yet it is occasionally found in the waters of Ohio,
Tennessee and Alabama. In the latter state I met
with it only in the tributaries of the Tennessee river.
The purple nacre and white anterior margin will al-
ways distinguish this species from any other, which
resembles it in form. Another peculiarity is the
posterior tooth of the left valve pointing to the pos-
terior extremity, which causes the teeth to diverge
greatly. It most resembles U. lienosus, nob. and U.
parvus, BARNES. The figure represents the largest
and best specimen I have seen, and the only one that
is distinctly rayed; it is from the Harpeth river,
Tennessee.

22
UNIO SILIQUOIDEUS.
PLATE X.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate-oblong or elliptical, ventricose, mode-
rately thick; surface glabrous, olive-yellow, with nu-
merous green rays varying much in size; anterior
side not very short, margin regularly rounded; liga-
ment margin straight, not declining; posterior ex-
tremity angulated; umbonial slope undefined; beaks
with flexuous undulations; within bluish-white; cardi-
nal teeth oblique, lateral teeth slightly decurved pos-
teriorly.
SYNONYMES.
U. SILIQUOIDEUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi.
p.
269.
U. INFLATUS, Ib.
p.
267.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1055.
u luteous san.
OBSERVATIONS.
The species which most resembles this appears to
be the radiatus, which for comparison we figure upon
the same plate. Young specimens differ constantly
from the radiatus in having a straw-coloured highly
polished epidermis, and much undulated beaks; are
more inflated, have the anterior side longer and the
margin more regularly rounded. The sexual varie-
ties are far more strongly marked, some specimens
having almost the form of U. cariosus, whilst the ra-
diatus offers comparatively slight differences of out-
line. Old shells become thick and much inflated, and

23
resemble in form the U. teres, Raf. common in the
western rivers. I did not observe it in Alabama.
Mr. Say, in his synonymy of the western species,
has given the siliquoideus as a synonyme of U. cariosus,
considering it a mere variety of that species, and
more strangely merges the radiatus in the same. We
have seen abundance of both the latter and cariosus,
in the Schuylkill and Delaware, but never any varie-
ties of either which could for one moment have led us
to confound the two species. Mr. Lea informs us
that a specimen of the siliquoideus in the Garden of
Plants at Paris, is labelled luteola of Lamarck; this
name we should have adopted if FERUSSAC had not
referred Lamarck's specimen of luteola to cariosus, of
Say, which we presume to be correct, as that distin-
guished naturalist is well acquainted with those
species which are common in the United States.
In Bayou Teche there occurs a beautiful species
allied to this if it be not a variety; it is distinguished
by a darker epidermis, with distant and dark green
rays of nearly uniform size. We have not seen many
specimens, but a figure of it will be given when its
characters shall be determined and its affinity with
the siliquoideus clearly ascertained.

24
UNIO RADIATUS. L
PLATE X-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oblong-ovate, thin, slightly compressed on
the anterior side; surface with fine wrinkled lines
and distinct furrows; olive, with numerous green rays,
varying in size; anterior side short and narrowed;
margin abruptly rounded; posterior side dilated; liga-
ment margin elevated, slightly curved; anterior basal
margin slightly contracted; umbonial slope undefined;
posterior extremity subtruncated; within yellowish or
salmon coloured, and thickened anteriorly; bluish and
highly iridescent posteriorly.
SYNONYMES.
U. RADIATA, Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 73.
Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi. p. 265.
MvA RADIATA, Spengl. Gmel.
U. VIRGINIANA, Lam. An. sans. vert. vol. vi.
p.
79.
U. OBLONGATA, Wood. Suppl. Index. Test.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1116.
OBSERVATIONS.
A common species in the tide waters of the middle
states, and very abundant in those of Virginia, but it
has not been found in any of the tributaries of the
Mississippi, except the Ouisconsin river, where,
according to Mr. Barnes, it was obtained by Mr.
Schoolcraft. This naturalist remarks that it inhabits
Saratoga lake.

10
7
litectes Lan
Toomy
X
1. Unio siliquoideus, Barnes,
2. Unio radiatus, Lamarck.
inteolus game

10


11
2
1. Unio puctorosus,c.
2. Unio fasciolus, Raf
perdix
x Williradialing lew

25
UNIO PECTOROSUS.
PLATE XI.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, inflated, moderately thick, yellow-
ish or olive, with unequal green rays, the larger rays
having distant dark spots; anterior side compressed,
extremity acutely rounded; ligament margin parallel
with the base; umbonial slope angular; umbo broad,
prominent, summit obtusely rounded; beaks distant
from the anterior extremity; within white, with a
wide greenish margin; cardinal teeth thick, promi-
nent, direct; cardinal plate dilated.
SYNONYME.
U. PECTOROSUS, Nob. New fresh water shells, p. 37. pl. vi. fig. 1.
May, 1834.
U. PERDIX, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series, vol. v.
p. 72. pl. xi. fig. 31. Sept. 1894.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2102,
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell has so nearly the outline of U. fasciolus,
that I have figured both on the same plate for com-
parison. It differs from that species in the rays,
dilated cardinal plate, &c. It is allied to U. ovatus,
Say, but is much more elongated. The specimen re-
presented has double cardinal teeth in each valve, but
the character is not permanent. It is in the splendid
collection of Mr. Poulson, and was found in the Har-
peth river, Tennessee. I obtained a few specimens
D

26
on the bank of Elk river, Alabama, in which the epi-
dermis was dark and the rays obscure. Mr. Lea
compares it with the crassus, Say, but we cannot
find any point of resemblance.
UNIO FASCIOLUS,
PLATE XI.-Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION
Male. Shell elliptical, inflated, yellowish, with nu-
merous unequal flexuous green rays; anterior margin
regularly, not obtusely rounded; posterior extremity
angulated; ligament margin slightly declining; umbo
wide, prominent; beaks retuse, distant from the an-
terior extremity; umbonial slope obtusely rounded;
within white; cardinal teeth prominent, diverging;
margin horn-coloured, shewing the exterior rays.
Female. Short ovate; posterior side dilated; umbo
narrower and more oblique; ligament margin elevated.
SYNONYMES.
U. FASCIOLUS. Raf. An. gen des Phys. Sec. vol. 5. p.
Poul-
son's trans. p. 28. Say. Amer. Conch. No. 6.
U. MULTIRADIATUS, Lea Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series.
vol. 3. p. 48. pl. ix. fig. 15.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1429.
OBSERVATIONS.
Distinguished by its numerous unequal green
undulated rays; without these the female might be

12

12
f
9.6
ga
Ga.
t.
2
X ). Unio congaraus,
raus, Lea 2. Unio Masori, c.

27
mistaken for U. cariosus. Old shells are very thick
and ponderous, and Mr. Poulson has a fine specimen
of this description. Had the Baron de Ferussac seen
this, we think he would not for a moment have deemed
it a variety of U. subovatus. Mr. Phillips has two
fine specimens, male and female; the former is repre-
sented.
Sabah
UNIO CONGARÆUS.
PLATE XII.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptico-rhomboidal, thin, somewhat flattened
at the sides; epidermis olive or reddish-brown, with
numerous green rays, sometimes obsolete; umbones
flattened, broad; summits obtusely rounded, slightly
prominent; umbonial slope profoundly angulated;
ligament slope slightly oblique; posterior slope much
depressed, with oblique, irregular, undulated lines;
within white, highly iridescent; cardinal teeth oblique;
lateral teeth elongated, slightly curved.
SYNONYME.
U. CONGARÆUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series, vol.
4.
p.
72. pl. vi. fig. 4.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2101.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the eastern waters of South Carolina. I
found it also at Augusta, Georgia, in great numbers.

28
It certainly approaches U. niger, Raf.; the young of
the latter resembling it so much, as to lead to the
inference that they may be varieties of one species,
occasioned by difference of locality. Specimens from
Augusta resemble the niger more than those from the
Congaree river; and in Flint river, Georgia, is a va-
riety of the latter, differing only from the congaræus
in being rather larger and more ponderous.
UNIO MASONI.
PLATE XII.FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suboval, thin; umbones broad, inflated, disks
slightly flattened near the umbonial slope; beaks dis-
tant from the anterior margin; ligament margin ele-
vated; umbonial slope angulated; epidermis oliva-
ceous, polished, wrinkled inferiorly; summits decor-
ticated; within white, cardinal teeth oblique, rather
thick.
SYNONYME.
U. MASONI, Nob. New fresh water shells, p. 34. pl. 5. fig. 2.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2100.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits Savannah river, at Augusta. When the
description was originally published, I had seen only

13

13
+
1
2
구
​Unio coccineus, Hildreth. U.catillus, c.
Jan. 1836.
eus,
1

29
the young shell, but subsequently, in examining a
number of specimens of U. congaraus from the same
locality, an adult specimen was discovered, which has
served for the figure and description. It is in Mr.
Phillips's cabinet. The outline of the young shell is
represented for comparison with that of U.congaraus.
Mr. Poulson's cabinet.
It is dedicated to Mr. William Mason, whose dis-
coveries have much advanced our knowledge of
American conchology.
UNIO COCCINEUS.
PLATE XIII. Fig. 1.
und DESCRIPTION. ido levo 13
Shell oblique, subtriangular, compressed, slightly
waved; epidermis blackish-brown, with crowded
wrinkles; anterior side very short; posterior side sub-
cuneiform, much compressed, extremity truncated;
umbo slightly flattened; basal margin not much ar-
cuated posteriorly; posterior margin slightly sinuous,
oblique, rounded above; umbonial slope abruptly
rounded; summits prominent, eroded; within salmon
colour, rarely white; cardinal teeth double in each
valve, direct.
SYNONYME.
U. COCCINEUS, Hildreth. Lea
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2104.

30
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell, in having a slightly undulated disk, ap-
proaches the mytiloides, Raf., but is very distinct. It
is well known in the collections by the name we have
adopted, but we are informed that Dr. Hildreth has
not published his description of it. I have figured a
fine specimen from Mr. Hyde's cabinet. This na-
turalist observes that the species inhabits Mahoning
river, near Pittsburg, and that of the very many
specimens he has received, none has perfect beaks.
UNIO CATILLUS.
Coccineus
PLATE XIII.-Fig. 2.
Lea
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oval orbicular, slightly oblique, moderately
thick, convex, dark chestnut-brown, with crowded
wrinkles; anterior margin obtusely rounded or sub-
truncated; posterior margin rectilinear, nearly direct,
extremity rounded; umbonial slope rounded; umbones
inflated, narrow, prominent; ligament margin rectili-
near, oblique, angular posteriorly; summits slightly
flattened; beaks much incurved, pointed, slightly tu-
berculated; lunule short ovate; within rosaceous;
cardinal teeth thick, direct, profoundly sulcated; la-
teral tooth of the left valve very thick, that of the
right valve compressed, and rising from a very broad
plate or base projecting on either side; cardinal plate
profoundly dilated.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2109.

31
OBSERVATIONS.
This species has been sent from the west, under
the name of coccineus, but is so very distinct that I
should not otherwise have compared it with that
species. It approaches nearest to the politus of Say,
and obliquus, Lam., but the peculiarity of the teeth
and greatly dilated cardinal plate, as well as many
other characters, forbid a union with either. Mr.
Hyde informs me that a great number of specimens
in his possession, from the Scioto river, shew the in-
terior to be generally of a rose colour or purple, oc-
casionally nearly white, and rarely salmon. Of the
latter Mr. Hyde possesses a specimen more beauti-
fully coloured than any Unio I have seen—it will be
figured in a future number. The figure is from a
specimen in the cabinet of Mr. Phillips.
UNIO PRODUCTUS.
PLATE XIV.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell narrow-elliptical, produced, moderately thick,
slightly ventricose, somewhat contracted near the
middle; anterior side short, dilated, margin obtusely
rounded; basal margin sinuous; posterior side ros-
trated; extremity rounded, much above the line of the
base; ligament margin parallel with the line of the
base; umbonial slope obtusely carinated; umbo decor-
ticated, not elevated above the dorsal line; within

32
purplish; cardinal teeth thick, direct; lateral teeth
thick.
OBSERVATIONS.
On a passing glance this shell would certainly be
mistaken for U. nasutus, but the thickness of the shell,
the dilated anterior side, and thick, direct, lateral
teeth, will sufficiently distinguish it. The disk pos-
teriorly has several small plicæ or undulations simi-
lar to those of U. grayanus, Lea, but as only one
specimen can be examined this character may prove
inconstant.
In the cabinet of Mr. Phillips. I found it on the
shore of Savannah river, at Augusta, and supposed
it to be a variety of nasutus, but comparing it with
that species from South Carolina and Florida, it was
found to differ materially, and to form a link between
it and the rectus.
SOUND
UNIO LANCEOLATUS.
PLATE XIV.FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell narrow-elliptical, thin, ventricose, yellowish,
smooth and polished; disks slightly flattened; ante-
rior side somewhat compressed, not very short, mar-
gin regularly rounded; umbonial slope regularly
rounded, inflated; posterior side produced, extremity

14
Ga.
1
Va.
2
+
minio products, c. 2.V.Lanccolalus, Lent.
Jan 1830.

4


15
t
o
X
Unio rectus, Lamarck.

33
angulated; beaks not prominent; ligament margin
short, elevated; within pale salmon colour; lateral
teeth slightly recurved.
SYNONYME.
U. LANCEOLATUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new series,
vol. iii. pl. 3. fig. 2.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1105.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits Tar river, N. C., Mr. Lea. Mr. Hyde
has received specimens from the Rappahannoc at
Fredericksburg, Va. It approaches nearest in out-
line to U. productus and nasutus, but cannot be easily
confounded with either.
UNIO RECTUS. <
PLATE XV.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell profoundly elongated, thick; anterior side
short; posterior side rostrated, cuneiform; extremity
angular, compressed; umbo inflated, but not promi-
nent, obtusely rounded; disks slightly contracted in
the middle; ligament margin nearly rectilinear; epi-
dermis dark green or olive-brown, smooth, frequently
with broad green rays; within pink in the middle;
cardinal teeth small, direct, double in each valve.
SYNONYMES.
U. RECTUS, Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 74.
E

34
U. LATISSIMA, Raf. An. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. 5. p. 31.
31. Poul-
son's trans. p. 25.
U. PRÆLONGUS, Barnes. Silliman's Jour. vol. vi. p. 261.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1112.
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell resembles in outline U. nasutus, Say, U.
lanceolatus, Lea, and U. teres, Raf. With the latter
it has most affinity. It is a common western species,
found as far north as the Ouisconsin, and inhabits
the Alabama river near Claiborne. The figure was
taken from a fine male specimen in Mr. Poulson's
cabinet.
UNIO CRASSUS. V
PLATE XVI.
DESCRIPTION.
Male. Shell ovate, thick, yellowish, with brown
rays, obsolete inferiorly; umbo broad, flattened; beaks
obtuse, nearly terminal; umbonial slope angulated;
posterior side cuneiform; posterior dorsal margin
arcuate; basal margin dilated behind the middle; pos-
terior extremity angular; within salmon colour or
white; with a horn-coloured margin; cardinal teeth
direct, thick, very prominent, subtrifid.
Female. Shell oval quadrate, ventricose, posterior
side dilated; posterior margin widely truncated, di-
rect; umbo oblique and terminal.

16
says
torbiculatus Hilda
Unio crassus, Say.
not

16

35
SYNONYMES.
U. CRASSUS, Say. Nich. Enc. (Amer. ed.) art. Conch. pl. i. fig.
8. old male.
U. CRASSIDENS, var. C. Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 71.
U. LIGAMENTINA, ib. p. 72.
U. ELLIPTICUS, Barnes. Silliman's Jour. vol. vi. p. 259. male.
U. SUBORBICULATUS, Hildreth. Silliman's Jour. vol. xiv. female.
U. ABRUPTUS, Say. Amer. Conch. pl. 17, female, var. A. male.
U. CYCLOPS, Raf. Contin. of Monog. p. 2, female,
Cab. A. N. S. No. 358.
OBSERVATIONS.
Closely related to U.fasciatus, Raf., but can be dis-
tinguished from that species by fewer and narrower
rays, generally distinct only over the umbones; by a
lighter coloured more polished epidermis; more pro-
minent teeth, and the prevalence of a salmon co-
loured interior. Common in the rivers of Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois, but appears to be rare in the
more southern states. I could not find it in the
rivers of Alabama. The specimen figured was pre-
sented by Dr. Blanding.
2
UNIO VIRIDIS. U
Tappanianus
PLATE XVII.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION,
Shell elliptical or subovate, ventricose, thin; disks
slightly flattened anteriorly, much inflated over the
umbonial slope; lines of growth prominent; ligament
margin elevated; posterior slope dilated; posterior

36
extremity truncated, direct; epidermis with green
rays, obsolete anteriorly, distinct and very unequal
posteriorly; umbo slightly prominent; beaks with an-
gular furrows, pointed; within white, iridescent; car-
dinal teeth compressed, oblique, that of the left valve
double or trifid; lateral teeth of the left valve imper-
fectly divided.
SYNONYME.
U. viridis, Raf. An. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 27. Poulson's
trans. p. 19.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2105.
OBSERVATIONS.
The first specimen of this species which came
under my observation, was found in the Schuylkill
river, near Philadelphia, by Mr. Hyde, who kindly
offered me the use of it, as I supposed it to be unde-
scribed. Comparing it, however, with a single valve
from the Kentucky river, in Mr. Poulson's cabinet,
it proved to be of the same species with that speci-
men which was labelled viridis by Rafinesque. Mr.
Hyde has received specimens from a small stream
near Lancaster, and from the Juniata river. One
from the latter locality has been selected for the figure
and description. It is allied to U. heterodon, but can-
not be confounded with that species.

17

1
2
ད་པ་དག་
1. Unio viridis, Raf. 2.unio ochraceus, say,
Tapperianus

37
UNIO OCHRACEUS.
PLATE XVII.--FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, inflated, thin; epidermis smooth
and polished, rugose posteriorly, yellowish, with nar-
row green unequal rays; anterior side narrowed, and
the superior margin elevated and connate; ligament
margin not oblique; umbo inflated; posterior extre-
mity angular; umbonial slope angular; basal margin
profoundly arcuate; within white, rarely pale rose or
salmon; cardinal teeth very oblique, much compressed,
bifid in the right valve; single or imperfectly divided
in the left; lateral teeth arcuate.
Var. A. Reddish brown; rays obsolete or want-
ing; within rosaceous.
SYNONYMES.
U. OCHRACEUS, Say. Nich. Enc. (Amer. ed.) art. Conch. pl. ii.
fig. 8.
SYMPHYNOTA OCHRACEA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new
series, vol. iji.
p.
69.
Var. A. MYTILUS FLUVIATILIS, Gmel. Lister, tab. 157. fig. 12.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1063.
OBSERVATIONS.
Very common in the Schuylkill and Delaware
rivers, and inhabits most tide waters north of Savan-
nah river. Variety A. is very abundant in James
river, Virginia, where I found vast numbers of shells
brought ashore by seines used in the shad fishery in

38
the month of March. So accurately does the above
mentioned variety agree with Lister's figure and de-
scription, that I cannot doubt the identity. The
species is, perhaps, most closely allied to U. cariosus,
its common associate in the Delaware and Schuylkill.
The specimen figured has a double cardinal tooth in
each valve.
UNIO NASUTUS. Z isherianus, Los
PLATE XVIII.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elongated, compressed, thin; disks slightly
flattened; anterior side short; posterior side rostrated,
tapering, angular at the extremity; umbo not promi-
nent; beaks small, eroded; umbonial slope profoundly
oblique, angulated; ligament margin rectilinear, ele-
vated; posterior superior margin profoundly oblique
and slightly concave; within bluish, iridescent, rarely
purple or salmon; cardinal teeth compressed and
oblique, double in each valve.
SYNONYMES.
Fisherianus Jea
U. NASUTUS, Sa. Nich. Enc. (Amer. ed.) art. Conch. pl. iy.
fig. 1.
U. ROSTRATA, Valenc.
Lister, tab. 151. fig. 6.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1123.
OBSERVATIONS.
T
A common species in the tide waters from Florida

18
al Hisherian
а a young
M. nasrities say
G
2
X Fisherianus, Lea
1. Unin Attoutus Hetf. 2.07. icterinus, con

18

39
to the eastern states. I found it in great abundance
in the Potomac river, near Washington, where the
specimens are exceedingly elongated. The smaller
specimen figured is a female variety from James
river, Virginia, where they are generally ornamented
with rays; the other figure represents a rare purple
variety from Chester river, Maryland: it is in the
cabinet of Mr. Phillips. In old shells the teeth are
often thick and direct.
UNIO ICTERINUS.
PLATE XVIII.-Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, moderately thick; anterior margin
regularly rounded; posterior margin descending ob-
liquely, and subtruncated at the extremity; umbo not
prominent; summit decorticated; umbonial slope very
oblique, angulated; epidermis smooth and polished,
olive yellow; within salmon coloured; cardinal tooth
in the left valve trifid, in the right, single.
SYNONYME.
U. ICTERINUS, Nob. New fresh water shells, p. 41. pl. vi. fig. 5.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2106.
OBSERVATIONS.
I found the species in the Savannah river, at Au-
gusta. It resembles U. lanceolatus in epidermis and
colour. Its proper place, we think, is between nasu-
tus and declivis, Say.

40
UNIO CARIOSUS.
PLATE XIX.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subovate, ventricose, thick anteriorly; epider-
mis yellowish or straw coloured, very smooth and
polished, with a few narrow dark green rays poste-
riorly, more numerous on the posterior slope; umbo
prominent, decorticated; umbonial slope angulated;
ligament margin elevated; ligament prominent; basal
margin swelling posteriorly; within white; cardinal
teeth double in each valve, prominent, oblique.
SYNONYMES.
U. CARIOSUS, Say. Nich. Enc. (Amer. ed.) art. Conch. pl. iii.
fig. 2. female.
U. LUTEOLA, Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 79.
U. OVATUS, Valenc.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1022.
OBSERVATIONS.
This is one of the most abundant species in the
tide waters of the middle states, but I found it com-
paratively rare in the Potomac and James rivers. In
varieties of form it much resembles U. crassus, and
both male and female are represented, in order to
convey a clear idea of sexual differences, which are
so striking in a large proportion of the species. It
is very often destitute of rays, and I have seen only
one specimen in which the rays extended over the
disk to the anterior margin.

19
X Х
X X Unio Curiosus, Say.

1

20

20
+
Du
unin mytiloides, Rafines.c.
sea

41
hania o og booking on
.
UNIO MYTILOIDES. L
PLATE XX.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elevated, subtriangular; epidermis reddish-
brown, with crowded wrinkles; posterior side with a
broad furrow; anterior side gibbous; umbo tapering,
curved, narrowed at the summit, which is much ele-
vated; lunule obtusely cordate; within white, purple,
and iridescent towards the posterior extremity; car-
dinal teeth large, very thick, prominent, sulcated;
posterior muscular impressions impressed, the smaller
one profoundly.
SYNONYMES.
ado
U. MYTILOIDES, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 47. pl. 82.
fig. 8. Poulson's trans. p. 53.
U. RUBRA, Raf.
U. PYRAMIDATUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new series,
vol. iv. p. 109, pl. xvi. fig. 39.
U. CARIDIACEA, Say of Guérin.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2017.
OBSERVATIONS.
This common species, since its first discovery in
the western waters, has always been known by the
name we have adopted. It is nearly allied to U. cor,
Nob., and U. undatus, Barnes, but is very distinct,
although its varieties are intricate and perplexing.
Young specimens are very short and greatly elevated,
and frequently rayed; old shells are compressed, cu-
F

42
neiform, and produced posteriorly; the rays
confined
to the umbo and obsolete. Inhabits the Alabama
and Black Warrior rivers.
UNIO DILATATUS.
PLATE XXI.
Wawa
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovato-elliptical, thick and ponderous, slightly
sinuous; posterior side produced, compressed, cunei-
form; umbo broad, flattened, summit obtusely round-
ed; anterior lunule large, elliptical; umbonial slope
angulated, not very distant from the margin; basal
margin slightly contracted near the middle; within
obliquely sulcated from the umbo towards the poste-
rior basal margin; colour purple, with a bluish mar-
gin; cardinal teeth thick, direct; lateral teeth very
thick, and terminating rather abruptly.
SYNONYMES.
U. DILATATUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 31. Poul-
son's trans. p. 25. Say, Amer. Conch. No. 6. Ferr. Mag. de
Zool.
U. NASUTUS, Lam. An. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 75.
U. GIBBOSUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi.
p.
262.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1072.
OBSERVATIONS.
In outline this species approaches U. fasciolaris,
but "differs in the much less dilated cardinal plate, in
having the anterior [posterior) smaller muscular im-

آره
Unio dilatatus, Rafinesque,
((
X X
کے
gibbosus, Barnes

21
S


22
t
Unio tuberculatus, Raf
+ is verrucosus, Boris )
Lehman & Duval Lith!**

43
pression situated immediately beneath the tip of the
lamelliform teeth, in having the anterior [posterior]
lunule much more depressed, with slightly elevated
lines crossing the wrinkles.9* It also differs in hav-
ing a purple interior, varying from an intense shade
of that colour, approaching an indigo blue, to a pale
reddish-purple. The great thickness of the superior
portion of the shell causes the cavity of the umbo to
be very shallow.
Common in the tributaries of the Ohio, Upper
Mississippi, and Missouri. In Alabama, I found it
only in the Tennessee and its tributaries. It is a
common species in the mountainous region of North
Carolina and Virginia, where, from a poverty of cal-
careous matter, it is always comparatively small.
U. cuprea and U. atroviolacea, Raf., appear from the
descriptions to be mere varieties of U. dilatatus.
oligon
bil being
ou
boto UNIO TUBERCULATUS.
br
PLATE XXII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subquadrangular, convex, thick; disk covered
with irregular tubercles, except towards the anterior
margin; tubercles largest near the centre of the disk;
anterior margin obtusely rounded; posterior margin
direct, emarginate; anterior lunule elliptical, profound;
umbo narrow, very prominent; beaks pointed, ap-
proximate, but generally eroded or worn in maturity;
基 ​*
Say. Amer. Conch. pl. 22.

44
umbonial slope angulated; basal margin arcuate; epi-
dermis green olive, with green capillary rays over
the umbo; within chocolate colour; cardinal teeth
very large, direct, prominent, trifid in the right valve;
cavity of the beak very profound.
SYNONYMES.
Da
U. TUBERCULATUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 42.
Say. Amer. Conch. No. 6. FERR. Mag. de Zool.
U. VERRUCOSUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi. p. 125, pl. 5,
fig. 6.
U. TUBERCULOSA, Valenc.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1430.
OBSERVATIONS.
Some varieties of this species closely resemble U.
bullatus exteriorly, but independent of other charac-
ters, the chocolate coloured interior, which, though
sometimes pale, never wholly disappears, will at once
distinguish the present species from all its congeners.
It is a very variable shell; some specimens from the
Harpeth river, Tennessee, being much dilated and
compressed, and the ligament margin so much ele-
vated as to give the posterior side an alated appear-
Other specimens are far more elevated in
proportion to their length, and the posterior sulcus
and emargination profound. These great differences
may be sexual characters, but require an anatomical
investigation of the animal to settle that point.
Common in the western rivers, and inhabits Lake
Erie and the Ouisconsin, according to Mr. Barnes.
It is not found in Alabama south of the Tennessee
river and its tributaries.
ance.

23

23
པ་དང་
camptodon say
Sa
+ 1. Unin electivis-Say.2. Uklandin gionus, Lea.
i campooing Hometo grown
1 "Lea says
Lehman & Duval Lithu's

45
16
ooo
Obe
UNIO DECLIVIS.
be
PLATE XXIII.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION
Shell trapezoidal, moderately thick; anterior mar-
gin obtusely rounded; beaks slightly elevated, with
oblique undulations; hinge margin rather elevated
and compressed, angulated at tip; posterior margin
rectilinear, descending obliquely to a prominent ros-
trum of the posterior basal margin at the extremity of
the umbonial slope; umbonial slope abruptly rounded,
and bounded on its posterior side by two slightly im-
pressed lines; basal margin arcuate; surface deeply
wrinkled; within tinged with purplish; cardinal teeth
oblique; lateral teeth distant from the cardinal teeth.
SYNONYMES.
U. DEELIVIS, Say. Trans. Journ. vol. iv. p. 527, Amer. Conch.
pl. 35.
U. GEOMETRICUS, Letto Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series,
vol. v. p. 38, pl. 4, fig. 10.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1875.
entong
OBSERVATIONS.
This species resembles a variety of the complanatus
in its general form, and its teeth and posterior angle
are somewhat similar to those of nasutus. It is very
distinct from either. The figure is from a fine speci-
men which I found in a small creek in Greene county,
Alabama, where the species is abundant, but usually
more compressed than the one I have selected for
representation. I was unable to find a specimen in

46
any of the large rivers. It is common in Bayou
Teche, Louisiana, and has been found in the Ohio
canal near Louisville, whence Mr. Hyde has received
it.
UNIO BLANDINGIANUS. L
PLATE XXIII. Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subtrapezoidal, rather thin, ventricose; ante-
rior margin very obtusely rounded; ligament margin
much elevated, slightly arcuate, angulated at tip, pos-
terior margin long, oblique and rectilinear; extremity
subtruncated or obtusely rounded; beaks slightly ele-
vated, eroded; umbonial slope rounded, very distant
from the margin; epidermis finely wrinkled; within
purplish, with green stains; cardinal teeth small, single
in the right valve and compressed; widely bifid, and
rather obtuse in the left; lateral teeth distant from
the cardinal teeth, and arcuate; anterior muscular
impressions marginal.
SYNONYME.
U. BLANDINGIANUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series,
vol. v. p. 101, pl. xv. fig. 44.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1859.
OBSERVATIONS.
A species allied to complanatus and declivis, but
differing from both in the elevated ligament margin
and inflated disks. The anterior lunule resembles

24

21
x
Unio personates
San
Lemon X Duwul 777778

47
that of the preceding species. It was obtained in
East Florida, from an Indian, by Dr. Blanding, and
to this worthy naturalist the species has been pro-
perly dedicated.
UNIO PERSONATUS.
PLATE XXIV.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell sublenticular; length rather more than the
height; anterior margin forming with the basal mar-
gin a regular curve to the termination of the umbo-
nial slope; posterior side narrowed; posterior margin
subtruncated; umbo rounded, very prominent, subme-
dial; umbonial slope swelling near the base, gaping
and denticulate on the margin; epidermis with nu-
merous capillary rays, profound and undulated on
the posterior side; within pink; cardinal teeth direct,
thick, prominent; lateral teeth slightly recurved; cavity
of the beak not profound.
SYNONYMES.
U. PERSONATUS, Say. New Harmony Disseminator, p. 309, 1829.
U. CAPILLARIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series, vol.
V. p. 29, pl. 2, fig. 2, 1832.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1382.
OBSERVATIONS.
It would seem from the observations of Dr. Kirt-
land, that all those Uniones which have the peculiar
denticulated and dilated base, are female shells; and

48
if so, we are unacquainted with the male personatus.
The exterior somewhat resembles U. lævigatus, and
the cardinal teeth are very like those of U. nexus;
Say's description applies only to the immature shell.
For the use of the splendid specimen here represented
and described, we are indebted to G. W. Feather-
st augh, Esq., who procured it from Cumberland
river, Tennessee. Mr. Say's specimens were from
the Wabash.
at UNIO CORDATUS. V
PLATE XXV.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subtriangular, not oblique, length and height
nearly equal; beaks distant from the anterior margin,
prominent, incurved and pointed; anterior lunule very
broad and obtusely obovate, beneath which is a flat-
tened cordate space with the opposite margin recti-
linear; inferior portion of the anterior margin regu-
larly rounded to the middle of the basal margin,
which is emarginate and ascending posteriorly; sinus
of the posterior side not oblique, slightly arcuate;
posterior margin rounded above, angulated at its
junction with the basal margin; epidermis fuscous,
with green interrupted rays over the umbo; within
white.
SYNONYME.
U. cordatus, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 46. Poul-
son's trans.
p.
52.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2018.boob

Lam
obliquus
not
good species
wear ascheresses
Unio cordatus, Rafinesque,

51

26

26
.
Unin niger: Ruf.
+
Старии, осол

49
OBSERVATIONS.
I formerly supposed this shell a variety of myti-
loides, but the differences are so constant in a great
number of specimens, that it may be useful to intro-
duce it to conchologists by the name which Rafinesque
has bestowed upon it. It differs from mytiloides in
not being oblique, in being about as long as it is high,
in having the beaks distant from the anterior margin,
and never in any stage of growth having the poste-
rior side prolonged obliquely downwards.
Inhabits the Ohio and its tributaries. The speci-
men figured belongs to the cabinet of Mr. Feather-
stonhaugh, and is from Cumberland river, Tennessee.
It connects U. mytiloides with U. undatus.
mon vanoid
moovito de los
cluido
de vos UNIO NIGER.
no
PLATE XXVI.
Los
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical; with age, subovate, or subtriangu-
lar; thick and ponderous; disks somewhat flattened;
posterior lunule with short, oblique, vermicular raised
lines; posterior side compressed, cuneiform; umbo
broad, flattened, summit obtusely rounded; umbonial
slope angulated; epidermis reddish-brown, frequently
rayed; within purple or salmon colour; cardinal teeth
direct, prominent; lateral teeth thick, distant from
the cardinal teeth; posterior muscular impression
slightly impressed; cavity of the beak shallow.
bago

50
SYNONYMES.
U. NIGER, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 25. Poul-
son's trans. p. 15. Say. Amer. Conch. No. 6. Ferr. Mag. de
Zool.
U. CRASSIDENS, var. b. Lam.
U. CUNEATUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi. p. 263.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2400, 2401, 2402.
OBSERVATIONS.
In the observations on U. congaræus, I compared
that species with the niger, but however the young
of both may resemble each other exteriorly, the car-
dinal teeth of the latter are always more robust and
less oblique, and the interior very often dark purple,
which is never the case with the congaræus. It dif-
fers most obviously from U. dilatatus, in being com-
paratively much shorter, and in the raised lines on
the posterior lunule.
Common in the western streams, and very abun-
dant in the Black Warrior and Alabama rivers. In
Detroit river, Michigan, it has been obtained by Dr.
Sager.
UNIO GIBBOSUS.
PLATE XXVII.-Fig. 1.
-
ve
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subovate, oblique, with a submedial nodulous
ridge projecting at base; concentric sulci very dis-
tinct; posterior side with a wide furrow; umbonial
slope angulated; umbo prominent; posterior end and
27


21
.
Jak se
sulcatus Leo
cansa
2
SMS
1
1. Unio
gibbosuo
, naj. 2. purietis penobliquus 4

51
posterior basal margin emarginate; epidermis smooth,
shining, yellowish with numerous green rays; within
white, rarely rose coloured.
Top
SYNONYMES.
U. GIBBOSUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 49. Poul-
son's trans.
p.
56.
U. TORULOSUS, Raf. Ib. p. 48. Poulson's trans. p. 56.
U. PERPLEXUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new series, vol.
iv. p. 122, pl. 17, fig. 42.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1051.
OBSERVATIONS.
Besides its affinity with the preceding species, this
shell has a general resemblance to three others, with
none of which, however, can it be confounded by
those who are familiar with the subject; these are
U. flexuosus, U. Phillipsii, and U. reflexus.
Common in the Wabash and Scioto, and I have
found it in the Tennessee river, at Florence, Alabama,
but not farther south. The female may be readily
distinguished by the dilated margin, which is more
profound in this species than in any other.
UNIO GIBBOSUS.
- subcation
VARIETY PER OBLIQUUS.
PLATE XXVII. Fig. 2.
OBSERVATIONS.
This is perhaps a mere variety of U. gibbosus, Raf.,
but it is much more oblique, the beaks nearer the

52
anterior extremity, the posterior basal emargination
much less profound, and the central tubercles are
obsolete; in outline it closely resembles U. obliquatus,
but that species is always of a purple colour within,
though the tint is sometimes pale.
Inhabits the Wabash river, Indianá, and Detroit
river, Michigan.
UNIO TERES.
✓
PLATE XXVIII.
Bioface
DESCRIPTION.
Shell narrow—elliptical, subcylindrical, moderately
thick; umbo slightly prominent; summit obtusely
rounded; umbonial slope abruptly rounded, submar-
ginal; posterior side produced, cuneiform; epidermis
yellowish and polished, rarely rayed; within white or
pale salmon colour; cardinal teeth double in each
valve, subcompressed, very erect; lateral teeth distant.
from the cardinal teeth.
biolos
SYNONYMES.
U. TERES, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 55. Poulson's
trans.
p.
68.
U. ANODONTOIDES, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new series,
vol. iv. p. 91, pl. viii. fig. 11.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1383.
OBSERVATIONS.
A well characterized species, approaching the rec-
tus in outline, but is comparatively shorter and emi-

28
ہے۔
Unio teres, Raf
anodonzerdes, sean


53
nently distinguished by the peculiarity of its pale
epidermis. The sexes are well marked by difference
of outline.
Not uncommon in the Western rivers, and in Bayou
Teche, Louisiana, where it is ornamented with pale
green rays. In the Alabama river it is partial to a
muddy bed, and rare on the bars.
I have figured a specimen in Mr. Poulson's cabinet,
brought from the west and labelled by Rafinesque.
UNIO SAGERI.
PLATE XXIX.--Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell narrow—elliptical, moderately thick on the
anterior and thin on the posterior side; disks slightly
contracted from beak to base, causing the basal mar-
gin to be slightly sinuous; anterior side short, margin
regularly rounded; posterior side produced, somewhat
pointed, extremely obtuse; ligament margin elevated;
umbo not prominent, flattened; umbonial slope round-
ed; within bluish-white and iridescent; cardinal tooth
in the right valve thick, direct, divided at the summit
by a deep groove; in the left valve widely bifid, with
a submedial lamelliform elevation; lateral teeth com-
pressed.
OBSERVATIONS.
This interesting species was found in Detroit river,
Michigan, by Dr. Abraham Sager, of Detroit, to whom

54
I have a pleasure in dedicating it. The outline of
a young specimen is very similar to a variety of U.
dilatatus, but the thinness of the shell, colour of in-
terior, and particularly the form of the teeth, will
readily distinguish it. The old shell might perhaps
be mistaken for a variety of the U. rectus, but the
young has very little resemblance to that of the latter.
U. dilatatus is found in company with this species,
retaining all the peculiarity of habit which it pos-
sesses in the Ohio and other tributaries of the Missis-
sippi, which confirms our opinion that the shell we
described above is new and distinct.
UNIO LAPILLUS. V
ono Doid De
PLATE XXIX.-FIG. 2.
What is on
batoitetus
DESCRIPTION.
ST
Shell suboval, thick, yellowish, with very numerous
dark green undulated rays; anterior margin not very
short, rounded; beaks but little elevated, simple; liga-
ment margin declining gradually in an arcuate line;
posterior extremity rounded; umbonial slope unde-
fined; basal margin straight or slightly contracted in
the middle; within pearly white; cardinal teeth direct,
thick; lateral teeth thick, oblique; cicatrices very deep
and rounded; cavity of the beaks almost obliterated.
SYNONYMES.
U. LAPILLUS, Say. Trans. Journ. of Med. vol. iv. p. 528, Amer.
Conch. pl. 41.10

29
2
+
X 1 unios
Sageri,
c) 2, U. lapillus say
fabalis sea

29

30

30
Unio fragilis, kus
til gracilis, Bar.

55
U. FABALIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. iv. p. 96, pl. x.
fig. 16.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 2404.
OBSERVATIONS.
Mr. Say observes that “the robust teeth and the
thickness of the whole shell have induced many, and
myself amongst the number, to consider this shell as
the young of gibbosus, Barnes, [dilatatus, Raf.] but a
very slight examination serves to show that it is
very
distinct. The young of that species is always much
more elongated transversely, not so thick, with the
beaks much undulated,” &c.
It is usually smaller than the specimen represented,
and, except the acutissimus, is the least of North
American Uniones yet described. Dr. Sager found
it in Detroit river, Michigan, and it is not uncommon
in the Ohio and its tributaries. The figure repre-
sents a fine specimen, of more than ordinary size,
which we owe to the politeness of Professor J. Green.
UNIO FRAGILIS. 7
PLATE XXX
DESCRIPTION
Shell ovate, thin, fragile, somewhat inflated over
the umbonial slope; disks flattened towards the base;
hinge margin elevated into a large wing, connate;
within bluish and highly iridescent; cardinal teeth
very oblique, compressed, disposed to be single in
each valve; lateral teeth arcuate.

56
SYNONYMES.
U. FRAGILIS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. v. p. 29.
29. Poul-
son's trans. p. 22. Say, Amer. Conch. No. 6.
U. GRACILIS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ. vol. vi.
p.
174.
U. FRAGILIS, Swains.
SYMPHYNOTA GRACILIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new se-
ries, vol. iii.
p.
66.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1657.
OBSERVATIONS.
Allied to U. alatus, but is longer in proportion,
thinner, and lighter coloured in the interior and epi-
dermis. In some localities the wing is small, but in
others generally elevated.
Found by Mr. Schoolcraft in Fox river; it inhabits
the Detroit river, Michigan, lakes, and the western
rivers generally, and I found it common in the Ala-
bama at Claiborne.
UNIO ALATUS.
L
PLATE XXXI.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell triangular, ovate, moderately thick; disks
flattened anteriorly, and inflated over the umbonial
slope; anterior side narrow, margin obliquely recti-
linear above; posterior side profoundly dilated, and
rising into an elevated connate wing; umbo oblique,
inclined, not prominent; posterior lunule with two
subangulated lines; umbonial slope regularly rounded;
wing emarginate inferiorly; posterior end biangulated;

31
+
x Unio alatus, Say

3.1

32

32
Ala,
X
Unio inflatus. Core
7./
Alabanerrez con.

57
epidermis dark green-olive, wrinkled; wrinkles lamel-
liform posteriorly; within reddish-purple, iridescent;
cardinal teeth direct, double in each valve; lateral
teeth arcuate.
SYNONYMES.
U. ALATUS, Say. Nich. Enc., Am. ed., art. Conch.
U. (METAPTERA) MEGAPTERA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol.
V. p. 299.
SYMPHYNOTA ALATA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., (new series,)
vol. iii.
P.
448.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20409.
OBSERVATIONS.
This well known species approaches a variety of
U. purpuratus, Lam., but is less inflated and has a
more elevated wing. From the fragilis it can be
distinguished by its larger size, dark epidermis, purple
nacre, thicker cardinal teeth, &c.
Inhabits Fox and Ouisconsin rivers, North-West
Territory, Mr. Barnes; Detroit river, Michigan, Dr.
Sager; western streams generally, and the great lakes.
It is extremely rare in South Alabama.
X UNIO INFLATUS.
PLATE XXXII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell triangular, ovate, thin; contracted obliquely
from beak to base; inflated over the umbonial slope;
valves elevated into a small wing anteriorly and into
H

58
a broad high wing posteriorly, and connate in both;
posterior margin of the wing arcuate, and slightly
emarginate or angulated at base; beaks slightly pro-
minent; cardinal teeth single in both valves, and
lamelliform; lateral teeth arcuate, prominent towards
the extremity; nacre purple.
SYNONYMES.
SYMPHYNOTA INFLATA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series,
vol. iv. p. 99, pl. xiv. fig. 28.
U. ALABAMENSIS, Nob. New Fresh Water Shells,
P
67.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20405.
OBSERVATIONS.
Differs from U. (Symphynota) lævissimus in the
inflated umbonial slope and more elevated wing. It
was discovered near Claiborne, Alabama, by Judge
Tait, and sent to Mr. Lea. I have since found it
very abundantly a few miles south of Claiborne, but
it is rare in the upper part of the Alabama and in the
Black Warrior rivers, and has not hitherto been found
elsewhere.
UNIO LEPTODON.
PLATE XXXIII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell narrow-elliptical, very thin and fragile, com-
pressed anteriorly, and slightly inflated over the um-
bonial slope; beaks very small, approximate; posterior

33
+
Unio
leptodon, Raf
tennissone Lea

33

59
side produced, pointed; hinge margin elevated; pos-
terior margin very oblique, extremity acutely angular,
and much above the line of the base; basal margin
regularly arcuate; epidermis olive-yellow, with very
oblique narrow rays; within bluish, tinged with violet
above, highly iridescent; cardinal teeth obtuse, smooth,
nearly obsolete; lateral teeth single in each valve.
SYNONYMES.
U. LEPTODON, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 295.
Poulson's trans., p. 21. Say, Amer. Conch. No. 6. Ferr.
Mag. de Zool.
U. PLANUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journal, vol. vi.
p.
272.
ANODONTA PURPURASCENS, Swainson.
SYMPHYNOTA TENUISSIMA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., (new
series,) vol. iii. p. 453, pl. xi. fig. 21.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20406.
OBSERVATIONS,
This shell has an exterior much resembling that of
an Anodonta, but the teeth are generally sufficiently
developed to constitute it a true Unio. It is allied
to U. fragilis, but differs widely in the teeth, in being
pointed posteriorly, and in not being alated. It is
connate when perfect.
Inhabits the Ouisconsin, Mr. Barnes. I found a
single specimen in Alabama. The specimen figured
is from the Scioto river, and was presented by Dr.
William Blanding

60
og detavale nitem ognil boining bonbod obia
do trovoni to
UNIO ELLIPSIFORMIS.
loid Plate XXXIV.--Fig. 1.
stoupildo
DESCRIPTION.
badoo
Shell elliptical, slightly ventricose, produced pos-
teriorly, moderately thick; disks slightly contracted
anteriorly; umbonial slope rounded; beaks slightly
prominent, approximate, simple; basal margin dilated
posteriorly to the middle; within bluish; cardinal teeth
thick, direct.
OBSERVATIONS.
Or
This species I have seen only in the cabinet of Mr.
John Phillips, who received it from Michigan. It is
very similar in outline to U. lienosus, but the short,
thick, direct teeth, simple beaks, and bluish nacre,
form a very distinctive character.
Dobrogolare
od on
borta god da bude botoa
ho
UNIO LIENOSUS. atidan
bourinomioop
Plate XXXIV.--FIG. 2. coqa olanie
bonato
odolomon
DESCRIPTION. W
Shell elliptical, inflated, slightly furrowed or con-
tracted from beak to base; substance of the shell
thickened towards the base; posterior dorsal and
posterior basal margin rounded, extremity subangu-
lated; beaks pointed, approximate, slightly prominent,

34
34
Miche
Ala.
2
* 1. Unio ellipsiformis
, o. 3. Vilienosus, c'.

34

61
with interrupted undulations; concentric lines promi-
nent; epidermis dark olive, obscurely rayed, wrinkled
on the margins; cardinal teeth double in both valves,
slightly compressed, oblique, striated; nacre varying
from bluish white to deep salmon or purple; cavity
most capacious under the umbonial slope.
SYNONYMES.
U. LIENOSUS, Nob. Silliman's Journal, vol. xxv. p. 339, pl. 1,
fig. 4.
U. NASHVILLIANUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., (new series,)
vol. v. p. 100, pl. xiv. fig. 43.
Cub. A. N. S. No. 20407.
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell is remarkable for inhabiting exclusively
the small streams, and is common in Greene county,
Alabama. It is a variable species, sometimes not
easily recognised, and the sexual distinctions are as
obvious as in U. siliquoideus. The colour of the in-
terior is remarkably inconstant, but a purple ap-
proaching to salmon is the most prevailing tint, and
the margin is bluish-white. The affinities are U.
parvus, Barnes, and U. glans, Lea, but it is much
larger than either, has very different beaks, and does
not inhabit the same waters with those species.
but

62
Ris
52 agoses
UNIO STAPES.
LO
PLATE XXXV.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subtriangular, compressed, thick; anterior side
with numerous approximate, angulated, slightly ele-
vated tubercles; disks with a distinct furrow from
beaks to base; umbonial slope swelling; posterior
slope greatly contracted, tuberculated, angulated sub-
medially, and forming a right angle with the umbonial
slope; posterior margin direct, forming a regular curve
with the ligament margin; emarginate inferiorly; base
slightly emarginate; within white; cardinal teeth thick,
direct; lateral teeth short, very oblique.
SYNONYME.
ყურა)
U. STAPES, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., (new series,) vol. iv.
p. 77, pl. vii. fig. 8.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20408.
CO
in ons
OBSERVATIONS.
A rare species, remarkable for the small area be-
hind the umbonial slope, which gives it somewhat the
form of U. truncatus, Raf. It approaches nearest to
the metanevra, but is very distinct. The shell is not
in the least oblique, and the beaks are central, flat-
tened and prominent. I found it only in the Alabama
river, near Claiborne, where it was first obtained by
Judge Tait and forwarded to Mr. Lea.

35
7
Ala
1
X к
הון ח
GUD
2
7 1. Unio stapes, Lea. 2. v. intermedius, conrad.
sie sparens


63
UNIO INTERMEDIUS.
PLATE XXXV.-Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suboval, compressed; disks flattened or slight-
ly furrowed from beaks to base, covered, except on
the posterior side, with small slightly elevated tuber-
cles, which are rib-shaped on the posterior slope;
umbonial slope not prominent, and rounded or sub-
angulated; posterior slope obtusely angulated; beaks
oblique, not prominent; ligament margin long, arcu-
ate; posterior margin direct, emarginate; within white;
cardinal teeth direct.
OBSERVATIONS.
Three specimens of this species were obtained by
Dr. S. Blanding, of Columbia, S. C., from Nolachucky
river, Tennessee, and were kindly submitted to my
inspection. They differ from the preceding in being
somewhat oblique, in having less prominent beaks, a
wider posterior slope, but particularly in being desti-
tute of tubercles anteriorly. From the metanevra it
is easily distinguished by the want of a swelled um-
bonial slope. It is so evident a link between these
two species, that I have given it the name of inter-
medius, suggested by my friend Mr. John Phillips.
In a young specimen which I have figured, the epi-
dermis is covered with small crowded angular green
spots, but in the old shell they disappear. The latter
becomes distinctly angulated or furrowed on the pos-

64
terior slope, and profoundly emarginate posteriorly,
as represented in the outline, fig. 3.
UNIO OCCIDENTALIS.
PLATE XXXVI.—Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, convex, anterior margin very regu-
larly rounded; anterior dorsal margin elevated; basal
margin straight and parallel with the ligament mar-
gin; posterior margin oblique, extremity rounded;
umbonial slope undefined; beaks slightly prominent,
with undulated grooves; summit rounded; epidermis
yellowish, with narrow green rays, which are obso-
lete or wanting on the anterior side; within bluish;
cardinal teeth direct, prominent, acute; lateral teeth
lamelliform.
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell has an outline similar to that of U. com-
planatus. It differs from that species in its yellow
epidermis, the peculiarity of its rays, more elevated
anterior margin, lamelliform lateral teeth, &c.
Inhabits Currant river, Arkansas, whence it was
brought by Mr. Featherstonhaugh, to whose kindness
I owe the use of this and several rare and beautiful
species.
od odbo o delo
Login to book to Balotel od
25


36
Ank
1
+
See al. 60-fig. 3
2
Ta
1. Unio Occidentalis, c.
X
2, U. collinus, Con.
On zinebyl.AC.

We
65
UNIO COLLINUS.
PLATE XXXVI.-Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, rather thin, with coarse concentric
lines; umbonial slope rounded; posterior side slightly
produced, and rapidly narrowed to the extremity,
which is rounded; basal margin straight near the
middle; beaks small, slightly prominent, approximate,
undulated; umbones with two or three small tubercles
posterior to the middle; epidermis yellowish-brown,
obscurely rayed; within white or pale rose colour;
cardinal teeth oblique, robust.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20408.
OBSERVATIONS.
This species may readily be known by the small
tubercles on the umbones. The female, when young,
closely resembles U. heterodon in outline, but the usual
formation of the lateral teeth and the tubercles emi-
nently distinguish it. Inhabits North river, a branch
of James river, Virginia, where it was found by Mr.
Constant Newkirk, of Washington College, from
whom I received three specimens.
-tool
во, од пепела
I
ook no fedel
20

66
UNIO SOWERBIANUS.
PLATE XXXVII.--Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate, convex, with concentric furrows; disks
slightly gibbose in the middle; posterior side with a
furrow from beak to base; a slight groove on the pos-
terior submargin; raised radiating lines extend from
the angle of the larger furrow to the posterior extre-
mity, which is direct and slightly retuse; basal margin
retuse posteriorly; epidermis glabrous, with faint fili-
form brown rays; within purple or rose colour; car-
dinal teeth very large and prominent, double in each
valve.
SYNONYME.
U. SOWERBIANUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
IV. p. 68, pl. x. fig. 28.
OBSERVATIONS. . Colorado
The fine specimen of this beautiful and
very distinct
species which I have figured, was kindly loaned for
the purpose by Mr. Featherstonhaugh, who procured
it from Cumberland river, Tennessee. I found one
in the summer of 1833 on the bank of Elk river,
Alabama, and judging from Mr. Lea's figure of the
pileus, I supposed it to be that species.* The speci-
men is in the cabinet of Mr. Poulson.
The Sowerbianus is remarkable for its highly po-
lished epidermis and raised lines on the posterior side.
* New Fresh Water Shells, p. 69, note.

37
subrotundes Les
+
1. Unio sowerby anus, Lev. 2. U, politus, Say.

37

67
UNIO POLITUS.
PLATE XXXVII.--FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suborbicular, convex, with slight concentric
furrows; anterior margin obtusely rounded; posterior
margin nearly direct; ligament margin rectilinear,
slightly declining; umbonial slope rounded; disks flat-
tened or very indistinctly furrowed posteriorly; basal
margin rounded, or slightly gibbous in the middle;
epidermis glossy, with fine concentric wrinkles; umbo
prominent, smooth and polished, with dark green
interrupted rays; within white; cardinal teeth thick,
very direct.
YMES
SYNONYMES.
U. POLITUS, Say. Amer. Conch., No. 6.
U. SUBROTUNDUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 117, pl. xviii. fig. 45.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20409.
OBSERVATIONS.
Related to U. Kirtlandicus, Lea, from which it dif-
fers in being proportionally more elevated and much
less compressed. It is also a smaller species. The
name of subrotundus has necessarily been abandoned,
as it is preoccupied for a different species.

68
v
UNIO NEXUS.
PLATE XXXVIII. Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell triangular, sub-rhomboidal, much inflated,
thick; umbo prominent; posterior slope much de-
pressed, with a broad, shallow groove, which extends
from the beak to the posterior margin; posterior
margin forming nearly a right angle with the base,
obtusely emarginate in the middle by the termination
of the groove; umbonial slope carinated, in conse-
quence of the depression of the posterior side; lunule
very short; epidermis yellowish-brown, obsoletely ra-
diated; within white; cardinal teeth direct; lateral
teeth short, with but little obliquity.
SYNONYMES.
U. NEXUS, Say. Trans. Journ., vol. iv. p. 527, 1831. Amer.
Conch., pl. li.
U. ARCÆFORMIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 116, pl. xvii. fig. 44.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20410.
OBSERVATIONS.
Mr. Say remarks that this species is “related to
triqueter, Raf., but differs in the greater prominence
of the superior portion of the anterior [posterior]
margin.” There is also a great difference in the
teeth and in the markings of the epidermis, which in
the nexus are filiform rays, but in the triqueter gene-
rally sagittate spots. Not uncommon in the Cumber-

38
os
+
1
olar
x
a
2
1. Unio nexus, Say. 2. U. Greenii. Conrad.
11 Archaeforme, Lea

basamoc
mu

69
land river, and it seems chiefly confined to the waters
of Tennessee-I saw none in Alabama. The figure
is from a specimen in the cabinet of Mr. Feather-
stonhaugh.
UNIO GREENII.
PLATE XXXVIII.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell sub-triangular; disks slightly flattened; ante-
rior side not very short, margin rounded, not very
obtuse; umbo flattened, not elevated; beaks eroded;
umbonial slope straight, subangulated; ligament short,
ligament margin forming with the posterior margin a
nearly regular arcuate line; extremity obtusely round-
ed or subtruncated; basal margin slightly arcuate;
epidermis wrinkled on the margins, with narrow
green rays on the posterior slope and interrupted
rays on the umbo; within white; cardinal teeth slightly
oblique; lateral teeth oblique and very slightly curved.
SYNONYME.
U. GREENII, Nob. New Fresh Water Shells, p. 32, pl. iv. fig. 1.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20413.
OBSERVATIONS.
Dedicated to my friend Jacob Green, M. D., Pro-
fessor of Chemistry in Jefferson College, a gentleman
well known as a contributor to Conchology. Inhabits
the head waters of Black Warrior river, Alabama;
not uncommon.

70
balaysia tersebut
UNIO SHEPARDIANUS.
PLATE XXXIX.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell profoundly elongated, sinuous, compressed,
tapering to the posterior extremity, which is trun-
cated; valyes rather thin, with concentric lines, pro-
found over the umbonial slope, which is slightly ele-
vated; a carinated line passes between the umbonial
slope and posterior dorsal margin; beaks very small,
hardly raised above the dorsal line; within purple;
lateral teeth long and rectilinear, somewhat dilated
or thickened near the anterior termination.
SYNONYME.
U. SHEPARDIANUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
v. p. 95, pl. xiii. fig. 38.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20411.
Oliwia
OBSERVATIONS.
This is perhaps the most elongated, proportionally,
of any known Unio, except the Grayanus, and differs
chiefly in this respect from U. angustatus, which is
the species most nearly related to it.
Inhabits Alatamaha river, near Hopeton and Da-
rien, Georgia.
COBS borobo
doo
atidarono di coowony
Ecoco ads

39
Ga.
x Unio shepurdianus, Led.

39

71
toege oil oral omdat
be
UNIO COMPRESSUS.
PLATE XL-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION
Shell oblong or elliptical; disks flattened; anterior
margin regularly rounded; umbonial slope slightly
elevated, rounded; beaks undulated, not prominent,
distant from the anterior extremity; ligament margin
elevated, connate; posterior margin oblique, recti-
linear, extremity truncated and slightly projecting
beyond the line of the base; epidermis ochraceous,
with numerous unequal green rays, some of which
are very broad; within white, tinged with pale salmon
under the beaks; cardinal tooth scarcely double in
the right valve, very oblique, elongated, rather thick;
in the left valve widely trifid, compressed, posterior
lobe rather behind the apex.
SYNONYMES.
U. COMPRESSUS, Deshayes. pressus Leal
SYMPHYNOTA COMPRESSA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., (new
series,) vol. iii. p. 450, pl. xii. fig. 22.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1098.
OBSERVATIONS.
This species can at once be distinguished from all
others by the peculiarity of its hinge. It inhabits
the Ohio, Scioto, and Wabash rivers; also Oak Orch-
ard creek, in the State of New York, and Norman's
Kill, near Albany. The figure is from a specimen
which I found in a mill pond at the village of Adams,

72
Jefferson county, New York, where the species is
extremely abundant.
UNIO CAPSÆFORMIS.
PLATE XL.-Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION,
Do
Shell sub-oval, slightly ventricose, moderately
thick; posterior side flattened or very slightly grooved;
umbonial slope obtusely angulated; basal margin
rounded medially, straight or slightly emarginate
posteriorly; posterior extremity direct, truncated,
narrowed, slightly produced; summits obtusely round-
ed, not prominent; epidermis yellowish, with nume-
rous narrow unequal green rays; within white; cardi-
nal teeth very erect and prominent.
SYNONYME.
U. CAPSÆFORMIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new series,
vol. iv. p. 143, pl. ii. fig. 4.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20414.
OBSERVATIONS,
Inhabits Cumberland river near Nashville, Tennes-
see. I have found it in the Tennessee river at Flo-
rence, Alabama. It bears a slight resemblance to
the young of U. flexuosus, and is a very distinct spe-
cies. The female is represented in figure 3. Be-
tween the sexes the difference in outline is greater
than in any species with which we are acquainted,
except U. gibbosus, Raf.ro

40
1
2
Rev.
female
3
1. Unio compressus, 2. U.capseformis, Lea, 3.female.
+ upressus. Lea

40

네
​
41
܊
va
1
2
+
1. Unio subplanus, C. 2.V.flavus, R of.
gulberichosia fece

73
The two 'fine specimens figured belong to the
splendid collection of Mr. Poulson. They were sent
from Nashville, Tennessee.
UNIO SUBPLANUS.
PLATE XLI.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell sub-oval; disks flattened; anterior margin
regularly rounded, obliquely descending; umbonial
slope rounded; posterior slope dilated; beaks not pro-
minent, distant from the anterior extremity; ligament
margin elevated, slightly oblique; posterior extremity
truncated; epidermis yellowish-brown, with numerous
fine concentric wrinkled lines; within pale rose colour;
cardinal teeth oblique; lateral teeth rectilinear.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20412.
OBSERVATIONS.
I have recently received several specimens of this
shell from Lexington, Rockbridge county, Virginia,
where they were found by Mr. Newkirk in a branch
of the James river. Approaches U. Masoni, but is
more compressed and elongated, and cannot be con-
founded with it.
K

74
UNIO FLAVUS.
PLATE XLI.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell sub-triangular, moderately thick; disks flat-
tened on the posterior side; anterior margin obtusely
rounded; ligament margin oblique, rectilinear; poste-
rior margin wide, straight, nearly direct; extremity
obtuse; basal margin straight from the posterior ex-
tremity to beyond the middle; umbonial slope cari-
nated; umbo rather prominent; beaks flattened, with
a few obtuse oblique undulations; within salmon
colour; cardinal and lateral teeth large and very pro-
minent.
SYNONYMES:
U. FLAVA, Rf. Ann. gen. des Sc., vol. v. p. 39. Poulson's
trans., p. 38.
U. RUBIGINOSUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iii. p. 41, pl. viii. fig. 10.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1126.
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell is so distinctly described and even figured
by Rafinesque, that no honest inquirer can refuse
him credit for the species. He remarks that he found
“it only in the small rivers falling into the Kentucky,
Salt or Green rivers.” This peculiarity of habitat
is remarkable, and I was unable to find a specimen
in either the Alabama, Tombeckbe, or Black Warrior
rivers, although several were found in a small mill
stream in Greene county, Alabama. Rafinesque re-

42
}
озера
34
Tпio с арах, СРесп.,

42

75
marks that the young shells are almost yellow, and
the animal of a deep or orange-yellow colour,” which
accords with my own observation. I do not, how-
ever, consider the colour of the animal any safe guide
in specific distinction, as I have found the same spe-
cies, particularly U. decisus, to contain in some spe-
cimens an orange coloured, and in others a perfectly
white animal.
UNIO CAPAX.
PLATE XLII.
DESCRIPTION
Shell very globose; valves rather thin, translucent,
connate; umbones tumid, summit obtusely rounded,
prominent, distant from the anterior margin; epider-
mis straw colour, polished, with two faint green rays
on the posterior slope; within white and iridescent;
cardinal teeth lamellar, prominent, double in the right
valve, crenate and single in the left; lateral teeth
arcuate.
SYNONYMES.
U. CAPAX, Green. Cab. of Nat. Hist., vol. ii. p. 290. 1832.
SYMPHYNOTA GLOBOSA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series,
vol. v.pra 15.6, pl. iv. fig. 12. 1834.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1227.
OBSERVATIONS.
The most ventricose of all the Unios known, and,
when young, one of the most delicate and beautiful.

76
It most nearly resembles U. cardium, Raf., but the
tumid umbones will always prove a destructive cha-
racter. Dr. Green was the first to recognise this as
an undescribed species, and his name, having priority,
must necessarily be adopted. He observes, “I now
describe a fine large shell, which seems to have
escaped the notice of our conchologists. The first
specimens of this shell which I observed were from
the Falls of St. Anthony. I afterwards received it
from the Bayou Teche, but I never discovered or
ascertained that it exists in the Ohio.” Mr. Lea, on
the authority of Col. Long, informs us that it inhabits
the Ohio, 150 miles below Louisville, Ky.
UNIO RUDIS.
PLATE XLIII.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate-acute, thick anteriorly; diameter great-
est at the umbones; beaks eroded; posterior side
cuneiform; ligament and posterior margins arcuate,
extremity subangulated; epidermis brown, wrinkled
inferiorly; within white; cardinal teeth small, direct;
lateral teeth slightly arcuate.
SYNONYME.
U. RAVENELIANUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 144, pl. iii. fig. 5.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 20415.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits French Broad river, North Carolina, Dr.

43
Mai
x
Ravenclianus Lea
midis con .
1
x
20
fram
same as plis
x 1. Unio rudis, Con.
2. U, obliquus, Lamarck.= { 't be remis
Rpl of Mort
x hébenus tea copied

3

Ravenel. I found it in the upper part of the Black
Warrior river, Alabama, where it is rare.
Resembles U. perovatus in outline, but the shell is
far greater in diameter through the umbones, and the
beaks nearer the anterior extremity. The most
striking character, perhaps, is the accurate wedge-
shaped form of the posterior side. Mr. Lea first
published this species under the name of Ravenelianus,
but as I had previously published a different species
with the same name, I am compelled to substitute
another.
UNIO OBLIQUUS.
✓
PLATE XLIII.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate-rotundate, oblique; disks with a slight
narrow furrow on the posterior side; umbonial slope
carinated; posterior slope with an obtuse carinated
line; ligament and posterior margins arcuate; posterior
extremity obliquely truncated; beaks very prominent,
curving forward; lunule sagittate; within white; car-
dinal teeth directed obliquely backwards; lateral teeth
arcuate; cardinal plate much thickened under the
cardinal teeth, contracting the cavity of the umbo.
SYNONYMES.
U. OBLIQUA, Lam. An. sans Vert., vol. vi. p. 72. Ferus. Mag.
de Zool.
U. EBENUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol. iii.
p. 94, pl. ix. fig. 14.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1259.

78
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Black Warrior and Alabama rivers,
where I found it in abundance; also the Ohio and its
tributaries.
The ovate form of this species and its obliquity
will distinguish it at a glance from undatus, Barnes.
The young is remarkable for being of yellow colour
behind the umbonial slope, which soon disappears in
general as the shell increases in size.
Mr. Lea appears to be ignorant of the true distinc-
tive character of this species, since he affirms that I
have published it under the name of mytiloides; the
latter is destitute of the callosity of the cardinal plate
which characterizes the obliquus, has a very different
lunule, and is dissimilar in outline to that species.
Those who are conversant with the two shells will
not confound them.
Mr. Lea considers the obliqua of Lamarck to be
identical with undatus of Barnes, but Lamarck's de-
scription is wholly inapplicable to the latter, whilst
it agrees with the ebenus of Lea, with which it is
identical, according to Ferussac.
UNIO APICULATUS.
PLATE XLIV.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subquadrate, compressed; summits not very
prominent; hinge margin declining; disks with a dilat-
ed not deeply impressed furrow; umbonial slope

hli

44
اوم
03
f
vuod
Lai
2
* 1. Unin apiculatus, Say 2.0, prasinus, Con,
+ 11 Schoolcraftie bear

79
arcuate, carinated; posterior margin dilated, direct,
produced, and rounded or subtruncated at base; disks
covered with small subequal tubercles, arranged more
or less in symmetrical lines; within white.
SYNONYMES.
U. APICULATUS, Say. Disseminator, 1829. American Conch.
pl. 52.
U. ASPER, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol. i.
95, pl. ix. fig. 15, 1832.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1877.
P.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Alabama river, near Claiborne, where
I found specimens, but they were not numerous nor
comparable in beauty to those which inhabit Bayou
Teche in Louisiana.
Mr. Say thinks this may prove to be a variety of
U. quadrulus, but although it is nearly related to that
species we believe it to be very distinct. Old shells
become proportionally more elongated and produced
at the posterior extremity of the basal margin, and
the tubercles nearly disappear on the inferior half of
the disks. The figure is from a specimen from Bayou
Teche.
UNIO PRASINUS. V
PLATE XLIV.--Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suborbicular, compressed, with distant con-
centric impressed lines; anterior margin obtusely

80
rounded; posterior margin wide, direct; basal margin
straight, parallel with the ligament margin; summits
rather prominent; disks smooth, with a few very
small tubercles on the posterior side; epidermis olive-
yellow, very broadly rayed with green; within white.
SYNONYMES.
U. PRASINUS, Nob. New Fresh Water Shells, p. 44. May, 1834.
U. SCHOOLCRAFTENSIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series,
vol. iv. p. 149, pl. iii. fig. 9. Sept. 1834.
Cab. A. N. S. No. 1128.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Scioto river, Indiana.
The specimen of this shell in the cabinet of the
Academy of Natural Sciences was brought by Mr.
Schoolcraft from Fox river, of Green Bay—others
are in the collection of Mr. Hyde. The species differs
from U. bullatus, Raf., in being of a suborbicular out-
line, more compressed, with much less prominent
beaks and fewer tubercles. Some specimens have a
few rather large tubercles near the base.
UNIO NODULATUS. V
PLATE XLV.--Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell suborbicular, slightly ventricose, moderately
thick; posterior margin direct, retuse in the middle;
ligament margin straight, elevated, scarcely declining;
disks with two series of distant prominent tubercles;

45
1.Unio nodulatus, Raf. 2. v. hullatus Ref.
y "fuetulature
pustilous Lead
x


81
posterior slope dilated, with nodules towards the
margin; beaks slightly elevated, granulate at tip;
epidermis olive-brown and rather smooth; within
white; cardinal teeth large and prominent; lateral
teeth subrectilinear.
SYNONYMES.
U. NODULATA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 41, pl.
lxxxi. figs. 17, 18. Poulson's translation, p. 42. Say. Amer.
Conch., No. 6. Ferrus. Mag. de Zool.
U. PUSTULATUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 79, pl. vii. fig. 9.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 1755.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Ohio river and its tributaries. It is
related to U. bullatus and U. Mortoni. From the for-
mer it differs in the regularity of its tubercles, in the
dilatation of the posterior slope, and in the absence
of the broad green ray on the umbo. From the latter
it may be distinguished by the same characters, and,
in addition, by the want of a broad depression or
furrow, which characterizes U. Mortoni. Rafinesque's
outlines of this shell, though rude, are characteristic
enough; and his description, though short, perfectly
clear and applicable to this species only.
L

82
UNIO BULLATUS.
cabine
PLATE XLV.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elevated, equilateral, inflated, irregularly tu-
berculated on the middle and posterior slope; medial
tubercles generally large; substance of the shell thick;
beaks elevated and granulated at tip; ligament slope
descending, short; posterior margin direct, nearly
straight; epidermis bright brown, a single broad in-
terrupted green ray passes from the apex to the middle
of the disk; within white; lateral teeth very short,
straight, thick and oblique.
SYNONYMES.
U. BULLATA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 41. Poul-
son's trans., p. 43.
U. VERRUCOSUS ALBUS, Hild. Silliman's Journ., vol. xiv. p. 289.
U. PUSTULOSUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 76, pl. vii. fig. 7.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 1175.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Ohio and its tributaries, Alabama and
Black Warrior rivers. This common species is
easily recognised, and will be found to differ con-
stantly from U. prasinus by its more elevated and
ventricose form and more numerous tubercles. It
wants the furrow of the Mortoni, and is besides dis-
tinguished by its green ray and larger tubercles.
The white colour of the nacre is remarkably constant,

27

46
+
1. Unin steqarius, Raf.
2. Unio dromas, Lea
ll irroratis, sa
-

83
as I have never found it to vary in a great number
of specimens, which is seldom the case in most other
species. A variety is remarkably abundant in the
Black Warrior river, at Erie, Alabama.
Mr. Say has referred this species to U. nodulosus,
Wood, but the figure of that shell in Wood's Con-
chology appears to me to represent a very different
species.
UNIO STEGARIUS.
PLATE XLVI.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION
Shell elevated, ovate; valves thick, with concentric
furrows and ridges; disk with a narrow, not deeply
impressed furrow from beak to base; umbo and beaks
inclining forward; lunule large, ovate-acute, very dis-
tinct; beaks pointed and incurved; umbonial slope
carinated over the umbo; epidermis yellowish-brown,
with crowded, fine, green dotted rays, and broad
rays, composed of large dots; posterior margin direct;
within white; cardinal plate greatly dilated; cardinal
teeth direct, deeply sulcated; muscular impressions
small.
SYNONYMES.
U. STEGARIA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 46.
Poulson's translation, p. 51. Say, Amer. Conch., No. 6.
Ferr., Mag. de Zool.
U. IRRORATUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iii. p. 269, pl. v. fig. 5.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 1122.

84
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Ohio, Scioto, Wabash, and more
rarely the rivers of Tennessee. I have not observed
it so far south as the Tennessee river, in Alabama.
It is a very beautiful species, remarkable for its very
numerous dotted rays and its regular and graceful
outline, which approaches that of U. retusus.
کر
UNIO DROMAS.
PLATE XLVI. Fig. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell obliquely ovate; disks flattened above, and
with a very prominent concentric angular ridge in
the middle; a slight furrow from beak to base on the
posterior side; beaks prominent, summit rather wide,
flattened; lunule angular; epidermis yellowish-brown,
with very numerous green interrupted capillary rays,
and a few broad rays; within white; cavity shallow.
SYNONYME.
U. DROMAS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol. v.
p. 182, pl. x. fig. 29.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20416.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits Harpeth and Cumberland rivers, Tennes-
see; Elk river, near the muscle shoals, Alabama. I
have not found it further south.
My father, many years since, received this elegant

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85
species from Harpeth river, Tennessee. It cannot
be confounded with U. stegarius, in consequence of
its remarkable gibbose disk. The rays are more
strongly marked than those of the latter species; the
disk is never tuberculated, whilst the stegarius is
sometimes covered with tubercles, as Mr. Lea has
stated in his remarks upon the dromas. A single
valve in my cabinet measures about four inches from
beak to base.
UNIO SUBTENTUS.
PLATE XLVII.-Fig. 1.
DESCRIPTION
Shell oblong-suboval, very widely and slightly con-
tracted at base; summits hardly elevated, decorti-
cated, obtusely rounded; posterior basal angle a little
prominent, rounded; posterior dorsal slope with nu-
merous subramose, slightly arcuate, oblique, parallel
costæ; epidermis with broad interrupted green rays,
sometimes obsolete; within reddish-fulvous; cavity of
the umbo not deep; cardinal teeth somewhat direct,
not transverse; lateral teeth slightly arcuate.
SYNONYME.
U. SUBTENTUS, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. V. p. 130.
Amer. Conch., pl. xv.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20417.
OBSERVATIONS.
Mr. Say observes, “in general outline, this shell

86
has some resemblance to U. purpureus, Nob.; but it
is distinguished by many characters, and more ob-
viously by the character of the anterior costated
margin. It is a native of South Carolina,* and was
sent to me by Professor Vanuxem, who obtained it
from the North Fork of the Holston river.”
Dr. William Blanding presented me with specimens
from Nollichucky river, Tennessee, the largest of
which is nearly destitute of the posterior ribs. I
found a few dead shells on the bank of Elk river,
near the muscle shoals, Alabama.
UNIO ACUTISSIMUS.
PLATE XLVII.FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell narrow-elliptical; posterior side produced,
gradually narrowed to a point; valves thin; posterior
side with parallel furrows extending from the umbo-
nial slope to base; posterior slope with slightly arcuate
ribs and furrows; umbonial slope carinated; beaks
not elevated above the dorsal line; epidermis yellow-
ish, with green dotted rays; within yellowish, highly
polished, exhibiting the ribs of the exterior.
SYNONYME.
U. ACUTISSIMUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 89, pl. x. fig. 18.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20418.
* Mr. Vanuxem informs me that he found it in Virginia.

87
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Alabama and Black Warrior rivers:
rare.
This is one of the smallest species of Unio, and
resembles the young of the conradius, but is much
more elongated. Mr. Lea observes that the lateral
teeth are single in each valve; but the specimens be-
fore me have the usual form of a divided tooth in the
left valve. The epidermis is marked with pale green
zig-zag lines, and the furrows on the disk are some-
times obsolete or wanting. I found two fine indi-
viduals at the village of Erie, Greene county, Ala-
bama, on a bar in the Black Warrior river.
UNIO CONRADIUS.
PLATE XLVII. FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, basal margin straight or slightly
emarginate; ligament margin slightly declining; valves
rather thin, with undulations on the posterior side,
sometimes obsolete; posterior slope with arcuate
ribs; beaks very slightly prominent and undulated,
decorticated; epidermis finely wrinkled, yellowish-
brown, with numerous green rays; within inclining
to salmon colour; very iridescent and furrowed pos-
teriorly.
SYNONYME.
U. CONRADIUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol. v.
p. 63, pl. ix. fig. 23.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20419.

88
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits Flint river, Alabama, near its junction
with the Tennessee river, and is common in the
vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee. This small species
is related to U. subtentus, but is very obviously dis-
tinct. It is proportionally shorter than the acutissimus,
and has more obvious beaks, but young individuals
much resemble the latter species, as may be observed
in fig. 4. In some specimens the posterior undula-
tions are large and profound, in others more nume-
rous and not so distinct.
UNIO INTERRUPTUS.
PLATE XLVIII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subtriangular, disks flattened; umbones broad,
flattened, summits obtusely rounded; posterior slope
much depressed; umbonial slope abruptly rounded,
nearly terminal; epidermis brownish-yellow, wrinkled,
except on the umbo; rays numerous, narrow, inter-
rupted, of a dark olive colour; on the umbonial and
posterior slopes consisting of series of small quad-
rangular spots; within white; cardinal and lateral
teeth very robust; anterior and posterior muscular
impressions deeply impressed.
SYNONYMES.
U. INTERRUPTA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 36.
Say. Amer. Conch., No. 6. Ferr. Mag. de Zool.
U. BREVIDENS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 75, pl. vi. fig. 6.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 1114.

48
Tenni
U. interruptus, Rafinesque.

4

89
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits Cumberland river near Nashville, Ten-
nessee, and Elk river, near the muscle shoals, Ala-
bama.
In outline it somewhat resembles Unio lineolatus,
but more nearly approaches the penitus. The rays,
very wide umbo, and the proportionally shorter out-
line distinguish it from the latter species. The lower
figure represents the female.
UNIO PLEXUS.
plicifens Lea
PLATE XLIX.-Figs. 1, 2.
DESCRIPTION
Shell suboval, ventricose; posterior margin trun-
cated or obtusely rounded; posterior slope with nar-
row ribs; umbo flattened, with longitudinal undula-
tions; umbonial slope subangulated; beaks eroded,
not prominent; epidermis nearly black, wrinkled;
within purple; cardinal teeth direct; anterior muscular
impression very rough.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20421.
OBSERVATIONS.
This species was sent from Vera Cruz by the
American consul, Dr. Marmaduke Burrough. I am
unacquainted with its habitat. The larger speci-
men, of which an outline is given on the plate, much
resembles U. niger, but the undulations on the um-
bones, the proportional length in the smaller speci-
M

90
men, and other characters, render it sufficiently
distinct. It has, perhaps, more general resemblance
to Unio trapezoides than to any other species.
UNIO HETERODON.
mood
Plate XLIX.-Fig. 3.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ſhomboidal-ovate, ventricose, valves thin;
ligament margin short, elevated, parallel with the
basal margin; umbonial slope rounded; beaks decor-
ticated; basal margin straight in the middle; posterior
extremity rounded or very obtusely angulated, a little
above the line of the base; within bluish; cardinal
tooth in the left valve trilobed; in the right valve,
single, elongated, oblique, compressed; lateral teeth
slightly curved, double in the right valve.
SYNONYME.
U. HETERODON, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol.
iii. p. 428, pl. viii. fig. 11.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20425.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the Schuylkill and other rivers in Penn-
sylvania. This interesting little species was first
found by Messrs. Mason and Hyde, and my father
suggested the name of heterodon, which Mr. Lea has
adopted. It is related to U. viridis and compressus,
but the double cardinal teeth being in the right valve
will distinguish it from every other species.

49
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​
91
UNIO LIENOSUS.
VARIETY CONSTRICTUS.
PLATE XLIX.-Fig. 4.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, ventricose; beaks rather prominent,
undulated, distant from the anterior margin; posterior
side furrowed, contracted at base; posterior angle
much above the line of the base; epidermis obscurely
rayed; within white; cardinal teeth robust.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20423.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits North river, Rockbridge county, Virginia.
Several specimens of this variety exhibit the peculiar
groove on the posterior side, which has suggested the
In other respects it agrees with U. lineosus
of the south-western streams, except that the cardi-
nal teeth are more robust.
name.
UNIO STRAMINEUS.
PLATE L.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate, ventricose; disk with coarse prominent
lines of growth; umbo with numerous undulated plicæ;
umbonial slope undefined; ligament margin elevated;

92
anterior side slightly contracted or furrowed from
beak to base; basal margin slightly emarginate; epi-
dermis straw-coloured, polished; within white; car-
dinal teeth double in each valve; lateral teeth slightly
arcuate.
SYNONYME.
U. STRAMINEUS, Nob. New Fresh Water Shells, pl. vii. fig. 3.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20420.
totoo
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits brooks or mill streams in Greene county,
Alabama.
This species may be compared to some varieties
of siliquoideus, but is sufficiently distinct, being desti-
tute of rays on the disk, and having remarkably
prominent lines of growth. The siliquoideus has not
been found in Alabama.
obat
modo
UNIO PATULUS.
Taloare
PLATE L-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate; convex anteriorly, and compressed
and cuneiform posteriorly; substance of the shell thick
on the anterior and thin on the posterior side; beaks
not terminal, prominent, undulated, almost contigu-
ous; umbonial slope undefined or obtusely rounded;
epidermis brownish-yellow, with broad interrupted
green rays composed of fasciculi of hair like lines;
within white; cardinal teeth, in the left valve pro-

50
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This resembles
m. amaticulus,
but i rayed
+ 1. U. stramineus, C: 2. U. patulus, Lea.

20

93
foundly diverging; in the right valve single, robust,
sulcated; lateral teeth rectilinear.
SYNONYME.
U. PATULUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol. iii.
p. 441, pl. xii. fig. 20.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20424.
OBSERVATIONS.
It may be
Inhabits the rivers of Tennessee and Kentucky,
and appears to be comparatively rare.
distinguished from U. clava by its less oblique and
more compressed form; and the beaks are less pro-
minent and not terminal. The beaks are acutely
pointed at the apex, and nearly touch each other;
and they are somewhat flattened on the summit and
have tubercular undulations. It is probable that U.
oviformis is but a variety of this species.
UNIO HEMBELI.
PLATE LI.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, convex, posterior extremity angular,
much above the line of the base; posterior slope with
obtuse undulations; beaks eroded, scarcely elevated
above the dorsal line; umbonial slope undefined; epi-
dermis dark brown, becoming black with age, much
wrinkled; within white; cardinal teeth robust, double
in each valve, direct, profoundly striated.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20422.

94
were
andora OBSERVATIONS.
Many specimens of this shell was sent from New
Orleans in company with the declivis, Mortoni, pur-
puratus, &c., but the locality was not given. It has
some affinity with the subtentus, but is thinner in sub-
stance, and differs widely in the posterior angle.
It is never rayed, whilst that species has well marked
interrupted rays. Some specimens which are desti-
tute of the undulations on the posterior slope might
be confounded with U. complanatus.
It is named in compliment to my friend William
Hembel, Esq., Vice-President of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
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95
UNIO CERINUS.C
PLATE LII.
DESCRIPTION
Shell triangular, subrhomboidal, compressed; disks
flattened, slightly undulate; ligament margin slightly
declining; posterior margin obliquely truncated, ex-
tremity obtusely angulated; umbonial slope angulated;
beaks decorticated, not prominent; anterior margin
truncated above; basal margin widely and slightly
emarginate; epidermis brownish-yellow; within white
with wax-yellow stains; cardinal teeth direct, robust,
single in one valve and double in the other; lateral
teeth rectilinear.
OBSERVATIONS.
A few specimens of this species were sent me from
New Orleans by Mr. Josiah Hale. It probably in-
habits the waters of Louisiana, not far from New
Orleans. The two most characteristic species of
Louisiana were contained in the box of specimens, U.
Mortoni and U. Hydianus, Lea, and also U. Hembeli.
It has a general resemblance to U. flavus and sub-
planus; from the former of which it may be distin-
guished by its much less prominent beaks, more
compressed disks and proportionally longer outline:
it differs from the latter in having a broader umbo,
emarginate base, longer ligament margin, less oblique
posterior margin, truncated anterior margin, and
more robust cardinal teeth Old shells have some-
N

96
what the outline of U. niger, as represented in the
lower figure.
UNIO LATIRADIATUS.
PLATE LIII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, rather thin; posterior side produced,
extremity obtuse, and subangulated; umbonial slope
rounded, undefined; beaks slightly prominent, with
rather coarse angulated plicæ; basal margin arcuate;
posterior margin rectilinear and very oblique; epider-
mis yellow, polished, with very broad and intermediate
slender green interrupted rays; within white, highly
iridescent; cardinal teeth direct, pyramidal; posterior
side shewing the exterior rays through the substance
of the shell.
SYNONYME.
U. INTERRUPTUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new series,
vol. vi., pl. vi., p. 15, fig. 15.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits streams in the vicinity of Nashville, Ten-
nessee. I have received a fine series through the
kindness of Richard O. Currey and Samuel M. Edgar
of Nashville. The species is remarkable for the
broad interrupted rays, and resembles in this charac-
ter and in general aspect U. taeniatus; it is, however,
a thinner and less ventricose, as well as more elon-

53
Unio Lutiradiatus, Con.
interruptes, Lean
pulcher, la

5.3

97
gated shell, and will hardly be confounded with it.
The name interruptus cannot be retained for this
shell, since, if Rafinesque's species be rejected, it
must be applied to the trapezoides of Lea, in right of
priority, as the latter was described by Say under
the name of interruptus. The largest specimen
measures 3] inches in length.
UNIO SUBINFLATUS.
PLATE LIV.--FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION
Shell ovate-oblong, posterior side slightly ventri-
cose; ligament margin elevated, slightly ascending;
umbones very wide; beaks distant from the anterior
margin, not in the least prominent, decorticated;
anterior margin rounded, not very obtuse; umbonial
slope scarcely angulated; posterior extremity obtuse,
direct; epidermis reddish brown and olivaceous,
smooth, with unequal green rays; within pale purple;
cardinal teeth robust, not very prominent, sulcated;
lateral teeth arcuate, rather thick.
SYNONYME.
U. COMPLANATUS, variety SUBINFLATUS, Nob. New Fresh
Water Shells, Appendix, p. 5, pl. ix., fig. 2.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20426.
OBSERVATIONS.
I found this species- several years since in the
Savannah river, at Augusta, Georgia, and considered

98
it a variety of U. complanatus, but a re-examination
of the specimens has led me to regard it as a distinct
species. It is proportionally longer, and may always
be recognised by its elevated ligament margin, and
the remarkable inflation of the upper part of the
umbonial slope. The sinus of the cartilage is much
shorter than in the variety of the allied species which
it most nearly resembles, (U. cariniferus, Lam.) the
posterior margin more oblique, and the umbo is much
wider; it has also more robust and much less promi-
nent cardinal teeth; a much smoother and less
wrinkled epidermis, and the interior is never dark
purple.
UNIO ANGUSTATUS.
PLATE LIV.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, elongated, ventricose; disks slightly
contracted obliquely from beak to base; ligament and
basal margins parallel; anterior dorsal margin ele-
vated, obtusely rounded at tip; posterior margin
rectilinear, profoundly oblique; extremity obliquely
truncated, the inferior angle or tip acute; considera-
bly above the line of the base; umbonial slope angu-
lated, rectilinear; beaks decorticated, slightly promi-
nent, acute, approximate; basal margin slightly
contracted in the middle, epidermis brown olivaceous,
obscurely rayed; within pale chocolate colour and

54
2
1. Unio sub inflatus, c. 2.1, angust atus, Lea.

54
S

99
highly polished; cardinal teeth very prominent, ob-
lique; lateral teeth long and rectilinear.
SYNONYME.
U. ANGUSTATUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series,
vol. iv. p. 114, pl. xvii. fig. 43.
OBSERVATIONS.
Inhabits the tide waters of South Carolina. It has,
perhaps, more general resemblance to U. nasutus and
Fisherianus than to any other species, but is too ob-
viously distinct to need a careful comparison with
either. I doubt whether it occurs in any stream
north of the Carolinas.
UNIO EXCULTUS.
declivis, suy
PLATE LIV.--FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subrhomboidal, thin, ventricose; ligament
margin straight, rounded at tip, scarcely oblique;
beaks rather distant, slightly prominent, decorticated,
with traces of oblique plicæ, and distant from the
anterior extremity; anterior margin regularly rounded;
posterior margin rectilinear, very oblique; extremity
truncated or obtusely rounded, scarcely angulated;
epidermis olive-brown, with dark concentric bands,
polished; within bluish, with wax-yellow stains, and
highly iridescent; cardinal teeth compressed, elon-

100
gated, very oblique; the posterior lobe of the tooth in
the left valve rudimentary and remote; muscular im-
pressions large, the anterior ones slightly impressed;
accessory cacatrix remarkably large.
Cab. A. N. S., No. 20427.
OBSERVATIONS.
The exterior aspect of this shell is remarkably like
that of an Anodonta, and the resemblance is main-
tained in the highly polished and iridescent interior;
but the teeth are remarkably well defined for so thin
a shell; middle aged shells have very nearly the out-
line of U. Sayanus, but cannot be confounded with
that species, on account of their large size, polished
and iridescent interior and very different cardinal
teeth. It differs from U. tetralasmus, Say, in being
portionally shorter and wanting the important cha-
racter of a double lateral tooth in each valve. Like
that species, the sayanus and camptodon, it has very
oblique plicæ on the beaks.
Several specimens of different ages were sent me
from New Orleans by Mr. Josiah Hale.
UNIO PULLUS.
55
PLATE LIV.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell elliptical, inflated, particularly about the
umbo and umbonial slope; disks slightly contracted
towards the middle; ligament margin elevated, not in

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101
the least declining; posterior margin very oblique,
rectilinear; extremity obtusely rounded, considerably
above the line of the base; beaks decorticated,
slightly prominent; umbonial slope rounded; epider-
mis very dark olivaceous, wrinkled; within chocolate
purple; cardinal teeth oblique, single in one valve and
double in the other; cavity of the umbo and posterior
side very capacious.
OBSERVATIONS.
A small species found by Dr. William Blanding in
the Wateree river, South Carolina. It resembles the
U. parvus, but differs in having a much less wrinkled
epidermis, and inflated umbonial slope, more obtuse
posterior extremity, but more obviously in the dark
purple colour of the interior. Since the figure was
drawn, I have seen a larger specimen in the cabinet
of Mr. Vanuxem, from the Warm Springs of North
Carolina. It is less inflated and more regularly
elliptical than the Wateree shell. -
UNIO MELINUS.
PLATE LV-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oval, slightly ventricose, moderately thick,
slightly contracted from beak to base; beaks promi-
nent, with fine crowded undulations; ligament margin
elevated, not oblique; posterior margin oblique, ex-
tremity obtusely rounded; umbonial slope rounded;

102
epidermis yellow, polished, with numerous obsolete
rays; within white; cardinal teeth double in each
valve, oblique, prominent; lateral teeth lamellar, very
prominent.
OBSERVATIONS.
I found a few specimens of this species about two
years since in Salina lake, New York, and delayed
the publication of it in the expectation of obtaining
other specimens. The young and adult shells, how-
ever, are before me, and present a marked difference
to either cariosus or siliquoideus, the two kindred
species which abound in the neighbouring waters.
It is proportionally shorter and less inflated than the
latter, and differs more obviously in being destitute
of distinct rays. It is proportionally longer, less
inflated, and has a longer ligament margin than the
cariosus; the cardinal teeth are very different.
UNIO SAYANUS.
PLATE LV-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION
Shell subrhomboidal, rather thin, slightly ventri-
cose; beaks prominent, obliquely plicated; anterior
margin obtusely rounded; ligament margin scarcely
declining, straight, angulated at tip; umbonial slope
rounded; posterior margin subrectilinear, oblique, ex-
tremity rather acutely angulated, the angle being
considerably above the line of the base; basal margin

56.
1
M. luteolus Les
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2
camptodon
2
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= luteolis Sami
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57
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103
very slightly contracted anterior to the middle; car-
dinal teeth compressed and oblique; within bluish-
white.
SYNONYMES.
U. SAYI, Ward, Silliman's Journal, vol. XXXV., pl. 3. fig. 1.
U. DECLIVIS, nob., p. 45, pl. xxiii. fig. 1 of this work.
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell I found several years since in a small
stream in Greene county, Alabama, and supposed it
to be a perfect specimen of the declivis of Say, but
it differs from that species in having a narrower
umbo, plicated obliquely on the summit, a lighter
coloured and smoother epidermis, and especially in
wanting the “rostrum or prominent angle” of Say's
description of U. declivis. It inhabits the canal near
Savannah, where it was found by Mrs. Say; also the
canal at Louisville, Kentucky. The name was in-
advertently given as Sayanus instead of Sayi.
UNIO PLANILATERIS.
PLATE LVII._FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oblong-subovate, rather thin; disks flattened,
compressed anteriorly; ligament margin elevated,
parallel with the base, rounded at tip; umbonial slope
inflated and angulated; posterior slope flattened, and
having on its upper part short, slightly prominent
0

104
oblique lines; beaks not prominent, eroded; basal
margin nearly straight; posterior extremity truncat-
ed, direct; epidermis olivaceous, with crowded pro-
minent wrinkles, and with rather indistinct green
rays; within bluish or purplish; cardinal teeth com-
pressed, oblique.
OBSERVATIONS.
Some specimens of this shell might be readily mis-
taken, without close examination, for U. complanatus,
but the species is more nearly allied to U.congaræus. .
It differs in having a more elevated ligament margin,
an inflated umbonial slope, and is proportionably
longer. It is a very abundant species in the Black
Water river, Virginia, and occurs also in the Neuse
river, North Carolina, where it always has a very
rough wrinkled epidermis, of a dark colour. The
figure is from a specimen found by Dr. Blanding in
the Yadkin river, North Carolina, where it is more
narrowed posteriorly, smoother, thicker, and has a
lighter coloured epidermis than those from the Black
Water and Neuse rivers. One specimen is quite
thick and salmon coloured within.
UNIO METASTRIATUS.
PLATE LVII.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION:
Shell subtriangular, moderately thick; umbo and
disk flattened, but forming a strongly arcuate line


X
2
2.
X
)
1 Unio cuneus. 2. U. Tenis, Con.
colinausea occidaus, Lea

105
from beak to base; beaks rather distant from the
anterior extremity, eroded; umbo very broad; umbo-
nial slope abruptly rounded, nearly terminal; posterior
slope with slightly prominent radiating lines; poste-
rior margin nearly direct; margin of the tip obtuse;
epidermis wrinkled, yellowish brown, with capillary
rays over the umbo; within white; cardinal teeth
direct, robust; lateral teeth short, rather thick, very
distant from the cardinal teeth.
OBSERVATIONS.
This small species has considerable resemblance
to U. interruptus, but the disks are less flattened, the
posterior slope much less depressed and wider, the
base more arcuated, and it is destitute of distinct
dotted rays. I found a few specimens in the Black
Warrior river, near Blount’s Springs, Alabama.
UNIO CUNEUS.
PLATE LVIII.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION
Shell obliquely cuneiform, very thick; diameter
through the umbones profound; disks flattened be-
hind the middle, and descending wedge-shaped to
the posterior extremity, which is obtuse; beaks much
eroded, terminal; umbo broad and very prominent;
umbonial slope rounded; epidermis dark reddish-
brown, rough and much wrinkled; within pink; car-

106
dinal and lateral teeth very thick; posterior cicatrix
impressed
OBSERVATIONS.
I have seen but one specimen of this Unio, which
was found by Mr. Featherstonhaugh in Little Red
river, Arkansas, during his investigations of the
geology of that region. It has something of the
interior colour and general outline of U. catillus, but
the diameter through the umbones is far greater.
The beaks, if they ever occur perfect, must be ex-
ceedingly prominent.
UNIO LENIS.
PLATE LVIII.-FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell obovate, rather thin, regularly convex; an-
terior side narrowed; extremity obtusely rounded;
posterior side dilated; ligament margin elevated,
forming with the posterior margin an arcuate line;
extremity obtusely rounded; base arcuate, profoundly
so towards the posterior extremity; umbonial slope
rounded; beaks slightly prominent, with rather small
plicæ, not interrupted by well defined angles; epider-
mis brown-olive, wrinkled, with rather distant slender
green rays; within white; cardinal teeth crested,
oblique, single in one valve, and double in the other;
lateral teeth distant from the cardinal teeth.

کہ

59
Po
M. heros say
1/Sav Del.
16
C. Ticbout Sc.
나​.
Maria mistollicetur
, con

107
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell may readily be distinguished from U.
cariosus by its darker, less polished, more wrinkled
epidermis, more regular convexity of the disks, and
by the rays extending over the whole surface, which
is very rarely the case with the former; the plicated
beaks constitute another point of difference. Two
specimens were sent me from Illinois by Dr. Fussel,
who found them in the upper part of White river.
UNIO HEROS.
PLATE LIX
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oval, somewhat oblong, with large distinct
undulations, three or four in number, directed to-
wards the posterior margin, and not proceeding di-
rectly from the umbo; surface with a few abbreviated
transverse lines, placed without any regularity; umbo
placed far forward, not prominent, hardly elevated
above the general curvature, more or less literate
with short irregular lines or slight elevations; hinge
margin compressed, nearly rectilinear, prominently
angulated or subalated at tip; in the more perfect
specimens with numerous connected regular lines,
curved to the edge and undulating it; posterior mar-
gin rectilinear from the extremity of the hinge margin
to the rounded inferior half, and undulated by the tip
of the grooves of the disk; anterior margin very
short, regularly rounded; base very obtusely rounded,

108
in many specimens a little contracted near the pos-
terior termination; within bluish-white, pelaceous.
SYNONYMES.
U. HEROS, Say, Disseminator of Useful Knowledge, vol. ii., p.
291, Sept. 1829. American Conch, No. vii. pl. xvi.
U. UNDULATUS, Say, (not Barnes,) American Conch, pl. 16.
U. MULTIPLICATUS, Lea, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., (new series)
vol. iv. p. 70, pl. iv., 1831.
Cab. A. N. S., No.
OBSERVATIONS.
Say remarks of this species, that "it resembles the
plicatus, nob., but on comparison it will be observed
to differ essentially from that common species.” It
is, however, more nearly related to the costatus of
Rafinesque, with which Say at one time confounded
it, although he had previously published it under the
name of heros. In his synonomy of the western
species of Unio and Alasmodonta, he very properly
reclaims the species. It may readily be distinguished
from the costatus by the small letter-shaped undula-
tions on the umbo, darker epidermis, and by other
less obvious characters. Say informs us that it in-
habits the Wabash river and tributaries. I am in-
debted to Mrs. Say for the use of the beautiful and
very accurate plate, originally published in the
American Conchology.
Deshayes considers this species identical with the
undulatus of Barnes, and refers it to U. peruviana,
Lam.
* Anim. sans Vert., vol. vi. p. 533.

0 %
1
S

60
tla.
x
3
41. U. saxeus, con. 2. U trobalis; comrad.
3. U. collinus, c.
Trooster, Leo

109
+ UNIO SAXEUS.
PLATE LX.-FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell obovate, ventricose, rather thin; beaks de-
corticated, slightly prominent, summits obtuse; um-
bonial slope subangulated or obtusely rounded;
ligament margin elevated, not oblique; posterior
margin obliquely rectilinear or slightly concave;
extremity truncated, direct; basal margin regularly
arcuated; epidermis yellowish-brown, rather ob-
scurely rayed; within bluish; cardinal teeth direct,
compressed; lateral teeth straight.
OBSERVATIONS,
I found a few individuals of this species in the
summer of 1833 on the shore of the Alabama river
at Claiborne, where there is an indurated calcareous
platform. They were all dead shells; and like its
associate, U. arctatus, this species I never saw on the
muddy shores or gravelly bars.
UNIO COLLINUS.
PLATE LX.--FIG. 3.
OBSERVATIONS.
Since the publication of this species in a former
number of this work, I have received a few specimens

110
from the same locality with the first described, which
present the very remarkable character of spines, one
on each valve, proceeding in an erect position from
near the middle of the disk. In one old specimen
there is no trace of these spines, but in the only two
middle aged specimens I received the spines are as
well developed as represented in the figure. A spi-
nous Unio, no doubt the same species, is said to
occur abundantly near Columbia in South Carolina.
This is a smaller species, less pointed posteriorly,
and otherwise distinct from the U. spinosus of Lea.
UNIO TRABALIS.
Irrostic L
Doubtfully
PLATE LX.--FIG. 2.
perspurpurins &
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose, thick anteriorly;
anterior side short, margin obtusely rounded; poste-
rior side cuneiform, produced, obtusely rounded at
the extremity, which is narrow; hinge margin decli-
ning; posterior margin slightly contracted just above
the extremity of the valve; umbonial slope rounded;
posterior slope flattened or concave, in old shells
furrowed; beaks eroded and rather prominent; basal
margin arched; epidermis smooth and polished, dark
olive-brown tinted with green, and with dark green
unequal rays, not very distinct; within dull white or
slightly salmon-coloured anteriorly; bluish and very
iridescent posteriorly; cardinal tooth in the right
valve very thick and direct, in the left valve the car-

/
GI

La.
X Х
ground
M' Say Del.
C. Tiebout Set
61
+ une tetralasmus, saj
Synonym
ne declivis Con

Part Xlll Begins Here.
111
UNIO TETRALASMUS.
in declivis co
PLATE LXI.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell oblong, elliptic, rather thin, moderately con-
vex; beaks but little elevated, decorticated; hinge
margin parallel to the basal margin, subrectilinear;
anterior margin regularly rounded; posterior slope
with two compressed lines; posterior margin declin-
ing in an oblique rectilinear line from the extremity
of the hinge margin to the subrostrated tip; basal
margin subrectilinear; umbonial slope not prominent;
within white, iridescent posteriorly and on the mar-
gin; (numerous minute slightly impressed radiating *
lines; cardinal teeth transversely long, slender, very
oblique; lateral teeth distant from the cardinal teeth,
two in each valve, equally prominent in the two
valves.
plate 55
* These lines are
Leer
SYNONYME.
U. TETRALASMUS, Say. Amer. Conch., pl. xxiii.
DESCRIPTION.
I have not seen this species, and have, therefore,
copied Say's description in part, and am indebted
to the great liberality of Mrs. Say for the use of the
plate originally published in the American Con-
P

112
chology. “For an opportunity to examine this spe-
cies, I am indebted to Mr. Lesueur, who obtained it
in Bayou St. John, near New Orleans. It is readily
distinguishable from any other species.” Say.
UNIO QUADRULUS.L
PLATE LXII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell narrowed, compressed, and thin behind; short,
obtuse, rounded, and wider before; beaks slightly
elevated; ligament more elevated than the beaks;
hinge margin compressed, carinate; basal margin
falcate, emarginate and compressed; posterior mar-
gin subangulate; posterior dorsal margin subtrun-
cate, nearly straight; posterior basal margin project-
ing; epidermis dark brown in old specimens, of an
olive-colour in others; surface with distinct irregular
transversely compressed tubercles; a broad, nodulous,
elevated, somewhat double ridge extending from the
beaks to the posterior basal edge, and a furrow be-
hind, separating the posterior hinge and posterior
dorsal margin: cardinal teeth sulcated; lateral teeth
striated, rough, and in the right valve somewhat
double; anterior muscular impression deep and partly
rough; cavity of the beaks angular, compressed, and
directed forwards under the cardinal tooth; nacre
pearly white, and on the posterior side iridescent.

62
W.
x
O & CO
Toooooooooo
bodo peagoo
accckad
colod
Vnio quadrulus Raf. = ashérimus tea
62 during of = luchsgmones
Mr Say del
L. Lyon

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69

63
*
Unio Cypluus
Raf
x 1 Essopus, see

3

113
SYNONYMES.
U. QUADRULUS, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 41.
Poulson's translation, p. 42. Say. Amer. Conch., pl. 53.
U. RUGOSUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journ., vol. vi. p. 126. Hil-
dreth. Silliman's Journ., vol. xiv. p. 282. .
U. LACRYMOSUS, Led. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. iii. p. 14.
pl. vi.
U. ASPERRIMUS, Lea. Ib. vol. iv. p. 81, pl. v.
OBSERVATIONS.
The description, with a few alterations, is copied
from that of Barnes. This species, Mr. Say remarks,
“approximates by its varieties, some of the varieties
of U. bullatus, Raf.” It has likewise affinity with U.
prisinus, U. Mortoni, and U. apiculatus. Barnes com-
pares it with U. verrucosus, Raf., to which, Mr. Say
observes, it has but a remote affinity.
Inhabits the Ohio and its tributaries, and some of
the rivers of Louisiana.
I am indebted to the liberality of the Academy of
Natural Sciences for the use of the plate which was
engraved for Say's American Conchology.
UNIO CYPHIUS.
PLATE LXIII.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell ovate, ventricose anteriorly; substance of the
shell very thick anteriorly; valves with a wide de-

114
pression on the posterior side; middle of the valves
with an oblique slightly elevated tuberculated ridge,
the tubercles becoming more numerous and promi-
nent with age; dorsal margin very oblique, straight;
posterior side somewhat produced, the end margin
obliquely truncated, extremity truncated obliquely
inwards; beaks prominent; epidermis brownish-yel-
low, polished, not rayed; surface with remarkably
deep distant lines of growth or furrows; basal mar-
gin projecting in the middle and emarginate poste-
riorly; within white; cardinal teeth double in one
valve, single in the opposite valve, deeply striated
and rough; lateral teeth rectilinear and very oblique;
anterior muscular impression profound; posterior
very slightly impressed.
SYNONYMES.
U. CYPHIA, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 39. Poul-
son's trans., p. 39.
U. ÆSOPUS, Green. Contributions of the Maclurian Lyceum, vol.
i. p. 46, pl. 3.
OBSERVATIONS.
This species is nearly allied to U. cicatricosus, Say,
but is very easily distinguished in young and middle.
aged specimens by the lighter coloured and more
polished epidermis. The specimen figured belongs to
the cabinet of C. A. Poulson, Esq., in which is also
the original specimen described by Rafinesque.
Inhabits the Ohio and its tributaries. Dr. Green
observes that he obtained eight or ten of these shells
from the rivers in the neighbourhood of Pittsburgh.

64
3
Unio cicatricasus ? say:
renom sre; Rec

1

115
UNIO CICATRICOSUS.
PLATE LXIV.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell subovate; anterior margin very short, hardly
extending beyond the beaks, regularly rounded; pos-
terior margin rounded, or very obtusely angulated;
umbo elevated; fosset behind the beaks moderate,
wider than long, not angulated before; disk deeply
wrinkled or undulated, with a series of transverse
elevations, sometimes separated by small longitudinal
lines, so as to resemble, as it were, drops of a liquid,
extending from the umbo to the base; within white;
cardinal teeth direct.
SYNONYMES.
U. CICATRICOSUS, Say. New Harmony Disseminator, 1829.
U. VARICOSUS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new series, vol.
iv. p. 100, pl. 11, fig. xx.
OBSERVATIONS.
“A common species, distinguishable by the single
series of transverse elevations on the middle. The
allied species are U. cardisce and U. incurvus,* nob.
Amongst the numerous species sent to me by Mr.
Barnes, previously to the publication of his paper,
* I think these two species have long since been published
under the names of cordata and intorta, I therefore suppress the
descriptions.” Say.

116
was a small valve of this species, but it was then
referred as a variety to the convenient but obsolete
receptacle of this genus, U. crassus.” Say.
It most nearly resembles the preceding, U. cyphius,
but may be distinguished by its more triangular ele-
vated outline, and more elevated umbo and ligament
margin. The posterior furrow is much narrower:
the tuberculated ridge is nearest the posterior ex-
tremity, which is the reverse in U. cyphius, and the
epidermis is darker and less polished.
Inhabits the Ohio and its tributaries. The figure
is from a fine specimen in Mr. Poulson's cabinet.
UNIO PLICATUS.
PLATE LXV.
DESCRIPTION
Shell subrhomboidal, very ventricose; posterior
side with large oblique irregular folds, profound about
the umbonial slope, and but slightly impressed on the
posterior slope; ligament margin parallel with the
base; posterior margin long, slightly oblique, rounded
above, and slightly emarginate towards the extremity,
which is obliquely truncated inwards; umbo very
prominent, tumid, plicated, nearly terminal; epider-
mis blackish or brownish, coarsely striated; within
white; cardinal teeth deeply sulcated.
65

65
+
X
U. Plicatus. Say.
Leseur


117
SYNONYMES.
U. PLICATUS, Say. Nicholson's Encyclopedia, third American
edition, article Conchology.
U. RARIPLICATUS, Lam. An. sans. Vert., vol. ii. 71.
p.
OBSERVATIONS.
This shell is most nearly related to U. heros, Say,
and U. costatus, Raf. It differs from both in having
fewer folds and a much more prominent umbo.
There is no trace of the fine plicæ on the umbo,
which so distinctly characterize U. heros.
Inhabits the Ohio and its tributaries. I have a
remarkably large and perfect specimen, presented by
Richard C. Taylor, Esq., who found it with many
others in St. Peter's river, Wisconsin.
UNIO CARDIUM. = cecilevs Len
for a younger one
see plate 58 fig. 2
PLATE LXVI.
DESCRIPTION.
Shell with the posterior side very broad, subtrun-
cate; anterior side rapidly narrowed, subangulated;
disks very convex; umbones large, rounded, elevated;
beaks recurved over the ligament; ligament large and
prominent, passing under the beaks; posterior lunule
depressed at the margin, fuscous, broad-heart-shaped,
longitudinally waved; hinge margin depressed between
the beaks; epidermis yellowish-olive, becoming chest-

118
nut-brown on the umbones, rayed with green, more
conspicuous in young specimens; in old ones the
dark chestnut-brown covers the whole and conceals
the rays; surface smooth and shining; within white,
iridescent; cardinal teeth broad, prominent, and ob-
liquely flattened; lateral teeth broad, elevated, and
terminating abruptly posteriorly; muscular impres-
sions large; cavity of the beaks unusually large.
SYNONYMES.
U. CARDIUM, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. p. 32, pl.
lxxx. figs. 16, 17, 18, 19.
U. VENTRICOSUS, Barnes. Silliman's Journal, vol. vi.
p. 267, pl.
13, fig. 14, a, b, c.
U. OVATUS, VAR. 6. Lam. An. sans Vert., vol. v. p. 75.
U. OCCIDENS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new series, vol.
iii. p. 49, pl. x.
OBSERVATIONS.
I have in part copied Barnes’ description. This
naturalist, Mr. Say observes, “first distinguished the
species from U. ovatus, nob., to which it is very
closely allied, and appears to be absolutely connect-
ed by a gradual transition of intermediate varieties.
The most striking difference appears to be the more
depressed anterior [posterior] slope of the ovatus.
Some old specimens and varieties are transversely
more elongated, as is represented in Barnes' figure c.
The colour also is more or less yellow, radiated with
green, or tinged with reddish-brown, particularly on
the umbo, and sometimes extending over the whole
surface, almost obliterating the rays. On the inner
anterior [posterior] side, some specimens are beauti-
66

+
Mnis infucatus Con.
Shell short wat compressed, fosterior mergin
wide, slightly oblique, obtusely rounded or sub-
angulated at the extremity; umbones unde, not
prominent, beaks greatly eroded, antennat slope.
subarzulated, hardly curred; epidermis black;
within searty white; cardinal teeth direct,
shromidol.
Flint River Georgia. With age
the fosterior extremity become produced.
+ Mnis collatus con-
Shell subtriangular, verz innequilateral,
much compressed; with a broad harron ex
tending from the beaks to the basl; anterior
side and unto entire, and the remaining
sarts Endnished with small irregular
interrupted undulations, which
behind the amboneal slope; surface rouge
with distant
grooves, umbones much flattened,
beaks prominent épidesnes dark olive and
obscurety raged; cardinal and lateret teeth trick
nare searth white and iridescent. De some
The epidermis is almost block. Elk and Tilent Revis.
cane
profound
и to senzano


67
Near M, torsus
( ๆ
young
Me mytiloides
Unio cor Con.
Shell obliquely cordate, thick with concentrie
fearows; a slight and broad déprenor from the
heaks to the base; beaks and cembones very prominent
unbenel slope subangulated, submaszinal; anterior
side short, subtruncated, Josterior side flattered
behind the umbrial slote; esidesnis razone
olivaceous with green interrupted rags, some broad. .
Teeth all mich ebrated. Noene white, iridescent on the lase.
Elt and Flint Riven sla.
old mes produced and remote
posteriorly, Grung, raged
Unis oviformis con.
Shell ovate, convex, thick anteriorly, thinner
fosteriorly, anterior margin obliquely rounded, fosterin
or margin obliquely truncated, extremitz angulates,
beaks prominent not decorticated, with three or
four strong interreepted undulations, lanate ovate,
unberrial slope wundes; esiedermier light
pellenish olive, with broad crowded
rays, widely interested; Cardinal teeth direct
Nacre fearly, very iridescent fostericely.
Allied to M. sealenius Ros. It is not oblique.
Rivers in Jenn.


68
Micio altilis Con.
Shell suboval, this and inflated; beaks
slightly frominent, and much decorticated;
fosterier margin subangelated; umbanial
slope rounded behind which is
an obscure
rib, from beak to fosterior extremity; base
arcuated; epidermis blackich, regere, olescens
over the untenes and raged; with many ver-
mienlar lines on the posterior slope Cardinal Teeth
subspramidal, erect; lateral teeth distant:
perforend elongated unsereine
intorescent. Near Claiborne Ale
Rare. Old nearly block.
Horung the
/
on the callers.
radiation
Mnis perivalis Con.
Shell oval, moderately thick, inflated;
beaks prominent, not nearly terminal, fosterior
margin obliquely trencated; umbonial slote
rounded; bare arcuated; epideduis olivaceous
obscurety reged, wrinkled on the margins;
All the teeth prominent, granulated; voare
whitish and inridescent on the fosterior margin-
Variety A. Epidermis reddick, brown; nacre
vore colored. Claiborne Ala.
.
,
Allied to. n. mnltiradiaties


69
t = nun
Mnio perovatus Con.
Shell
crate, rather ventricose, valves thick
on the anterior side, thinner fosteriorly, anterior
marzin regularly rounded; beral margin
rounded; josterior exteremity sutangulated;
beaks rather elerated, escheroximate, undulated;
esiredne olive wickled on the marzen,
Cardinat teeth wide and prominent, not verythick.
Yang shells trooder behind, with green rage-
ground. Gelone Co. Ala.
in olive gelten
+ Unis aretatus Con.
Shell elongated, compressed, slightly
contracted from beaks to base; vasal
margin
slightly contracted; anterior side short, narrowed
somenhat and rounded on the
the mar
margin, Josterior
side elongate, truncated at the end, subemargi-
nate above; ligament margin elongated, foralled
with the base epideden Blackice; cardinal tooth
in left value indely bifid, not very prominent.
, Allied to U coarctate kan
Inttene that of M. margaritifero. Has been allied
variety of M. parserens dag, M. complarities
Rocky shares of The Atatoma Rur. Alwin Block Warren
to a vor

70

Mnio vibex Cone
Shell elliftical, ventricose, rother
thin; histerior margin wide, very oblique
and forensted; end margin obtuse's vinde?;
ligament margir slightly elerated; umborial
slope rounded; epidermis yellowice obiel,
clouded with brown; and with green interese
ted
rogs, extending beyond the middle, tret abso-
lete anthe anterior margin: Cardinal teeth
direct prominent, pyramidal;
white. Carity copacious, most so under umbonial slope.
Allied distanting to M. iris, de
Block Wartion, Ala.
noare blush
Near M. brevidens
The base
+ Mnis penitus Con.
Shell triangutor, very thick, except fosteriorly,
ventricose; mabores flattered; beaks prominent and
rounded; anternal slope angulated; Josterior merzin
flattered, a brood
a brood convex ebration come
commencing near
and projecting on the fosterior estrerseity, with redicting
prominent lines, which dentate the margin and the
Concentine grooves. Epidermis oliaccous unikted;
ligament very short, Cardinal teeth Souble in both
valves, thick Serrinent, suleated grovelated. Nacre
о very
deration & Cority capacions. Allied to . ridebunde dag


+
Mnio delumbis Con
Shell ovate, elengetes, very this and fragile,
ventricose; ligament margin slightly ebrated,
anterior side rather nasson, fosterior margin-
rounded; epidermis olivaceures with green rage
unbonial slope rounded; margin of the ligament
slope rounded, very obligue; Nacre bluist,
highly iridescent; Cardinal teeth Cansinar.
Carity capacion. Cooper Reiner S. C.
Allied to No ochraceur au M. modioliformes
V
alnis
a
hab. Elk adli
Minis maeulatus Con.
Shell subtriangular compressed, valves
moderately thick, epidermis mach wrinkled
except in the niebones, which are smooth, color
bronn olive, with few norrons and broad
interrested gelur rage; beaks serminent, a
slight and bread furren extending from the
beaks the base; anbanal slope subangulates
behind Dirigh the shell is cuneiforen; ligement
margir
oblig en rectilinar; posterior margin obligente
subtruncated cardinal teeth mortization har! ,
white. Allied to . triangulares Roh- und
nacre


72
0
Unio furous con.
Shell oval ventricose, thick before and
thinner behind, Josterior marzie wide, hardly
umbaniel slope angulated behind
which is an obseure impressed line, epidersin
almost block with minite crowded wrinkles
cardinal teeth slightly oblique, segramidal;
within white, highly irridescent in the forterion
margin. Rart Block Warrier Rever, with u. rebelles
t
+ Unio rubelles Con.
Shell orbicular, ventricose, thick; beaks
subcentral; cumbones prominent, unlonial
slope wurded, margined before by a faint angle,
a similar angle behind the umbonial slope,
beaks eroded, slightly ferminent residesain
reddish brown: cardinal teeth direct.
Muscular einserenons small and distinct.
Nacre fink or Jurplish. sources of the
Black Warrior River. – pulvinales dear


se
73
is all. watercensed
oblique, lase
Unis Raventi Con.
Shell oblong oral, ventricose, beaks harity
prominent, ligament margin straight, not
vose
very slightly arcuated, umboniel
slope angulated behind which is another
obscure angle, dassing from the beaks to
the extremity, which is subtrencated.
Cardinal Teeth erect oblique, comprened;
naere yellowish er fall furple.
Waterer cancel s. C, and in Cooper river.
esidermie olivaceous or occasionally yellowish.
sometimes raged,
Old Bergventricose,
Syn- tenern, Par
+ Unis tenebrosus lon.
Shell elliptical ventricese, volves rather
thick anteriorly, beats seramivent, fosterior
margine descending oblique and rectiliner
from the ligament; extremity subtruncated,
esidedenis olivacecres, raged; margins dark
brown; cardinal teeth moderately thick
oblique. Noere bluishe, white, and
iridescent, carity capacion.
Rappahianock, Na, near Falmouth.
Allied te ne radicates.


>4
wis Lea
Anio nebuloses Con.
Shell elengated, narrow elliptical, their projila
Conver, olivaceones, clouded with dark brown
and with green interrepted voge. Posterior side
produced, rather jointed, and trencated at the end;
hinge margin slightly arched, ligonent slope
Comprened, beak, not prominent, undulated. Cardinal
tee the memor boliger te berekenen. Noene bluish White
,
Mountain regions of Ala. in Black
narrowed posterior
end and angular margin-
Warrior River. Allied to iris
but has a narrowed
х
Unis Poulsoni con.
Jam
t
See M. purseurates
Epidermis blackish, profantly wrinkled fostericely.
This shell resembles u. ater, and it alates
The cardinal teeth are directed obliquete
backward, thick and subcated. Lateral teeth
very short verg distant from the cardinal teeth
and gramkated. Naere dark surple. Bluck Warrior Rio.

+
An. 4 Nieliz
호
​non
فر
Subgeborg Auth. Smooth, elliptical
some inflated, sounded before, ane biangular
tehind. Shell there and dicepharons. Epidedans
von mooth and soleshed hall yellowish-green
over the enclone, darker and sougher behind
Beat prominent rugose at tife, the wrinkles
occufgung nearly the whole of lepper zone
Heing margir slightly curved egonnent long
aus slender. Zones distant and distinct but
not reng trood, there to reach volon-
Cicatrices sparcely visible. Nacre silver
while indescent. Hab. llich, au plate 29
+ An. Subgibbosa Auth, smooth inflated
subquadrato, inequilateral
rery
ther and the
ehidledning a dell olive coler, withertrag
Genes
distant bet disteret, elont four
coenat natre. Beat, votreroncinich, with
coarse ebrated ragae at life. Rounded anteriorly
and obsconlag angelated behind and somewhat
excavates. Cicatricez indistinct. Nache kleit
some indescent. Hab. Mich. Les inflated
than An, gibbosa say, lees fonderous, and has
not the fire green rage genzale, green
color of gibbern. Epiddur unch liknan.
Conferiaus. More equilateral than gibbesa
& An. inornata Arth. Broadly elliptical
very inquilateral vindued before and
Subarpalas behind. Shell moderately thick
efindnis dell ochrez-zellow, no rags
and light bronen hehind Beaten rother room,
inent, with ebrated and vered weakles at tip
Bei wide ah art in your bed
but more
crowded, near the base in
cold sheeimen
Nacre silury, and wenn iridescent, an ander
the beak, sallion Hub. Mich!
translucent one
( 1/2 1 - 4 cá
and striate longitudinally and transverselen.
and
坊 ​5
Hit auttasas cowplement

to Prof. B.H. Wright
+
Au. subgibberna
Auth,
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW UNIO,
FROM THE
OTTAWA RIVER, CANADA,
BY
ARTHUR F. GRAY,
April 10, 1882.
From Transactions No. 3, of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, 1882.]
2
X Х
An inornata

UNIO BOREALIS.-A. F. GRAY.
Shell smooth, broken only by numerous ridges of growth;
obovate, very much inflated in the female form, the male more
compressed, very inequilateral, obtusely angulated behind and
rounded before, the basal or ventral margin rounded, beaks badly
eroded and but slightly raised; ligament thick, moderately long
and dark brown; umbonial slope flattened, and but slightly cari-
nated; epidermis variable, some specimens dark olivaceous brown
with broad obscure rays of dark green, others yellowish green
with numerous fine rays of a brighter green, cardinal teeth rather
large, somewhat compressed and corrugate; lateral teeth thick,
slightly curved, and with crenulate margins; anterior cicatrices
distinct, that of the adductor muscle very deeply impressed;
dorsal cicatrices posterior to the centre of the cavity of the beaks;
posterior cicatrices confluent and but slightly impressed; cavity
of the shell deep and rounded; cavity of the beaks obstusely
rounded and deep; substance of shell very thick, thickest before;
nacre usually white, occasionally rosy, and sometimes a beautiful
pink, and beautifully iridescent.
Transverse diameter, 3.15 inches; altitude, 1.95 inches; lateral
diameter, 1.65 inches. These measures are from a large female.
A male shell measures: transverse diameter, 3.15 inches; altitude,
1.90 inches; lateral diameter, 1.35 inches.
For this beautiful shell, and the privilege of describing it, I
am indebted to Mr. F. R. Latchford, of Ottawa, Ont., from whom
I received quite a large series of this Unio, which belongs to the
group of which Unio luteolus of Lamarck may be considered the
type. It differs from that species in being shorter transversely,
in having a much thicker shell and having the beaks badly
eroded. In its outline it bears a close resemblance to Unio
radiatus, Lam., but is more inflated and has a heavier shell. It
occurs in the Ottawa River at Duck Island; it has also been
found in Leamy's Lake, near Hull, in the Province of Quebec.
The variety with pink nacre has a bright orange-brown epider-
mis with fine
rays
A young specimen is more elongated transversely, has perfect
umbones which show four well developed folds, and has a rugose
posterior slope similar to Margaritana rugosa, Barnes. .
The soft parts have not been preserved; in consequence, their
arrangement can not be described.
of dark green.

75
X
* UNIO BOREALIS.-A. F. GRAY.


76
American Jour. Conchology
vol. 2
Plate 15
The vertical axis
1866
fig. 13
no fontanus in. Hal. Rivulet near &
Vicksberg
+ U. prasivatus an, pl. 15
cm, pl.13fiz./4
Florida
/
1866
( 1866
X Pl. 15 fig 16
x
Mnie Über Con
Ala, River
Resoubly a horsechestrat
size. form & calaurefact with original


huber Shell ,
Conrounded profoundly rentre cose
poslenos slope with a shallow sub-
Tangular grotere posterior al direct
inflated, epidumis, brown above
pule who nerous Eelsewhere] nacre
white tethe very prominent
u fontanus Con, (main features only)
stull oblong sul compressed thin
disks flattered in middle, beats
tigtitly raised witte undulations
green above yellowish below
with one green ray on posterior slope .
Naer Hueista
+ u. Prasinatus Con,
in lateral
quid
braks erudia Ravelly raisia
line (form see fig.) color olivaceu)
with numerous close green rays, tingent
witte Solomon Coler lubrid sbhe buurcen
deleted
lateral heath rectilinear. Idonida
no the locality in Florida given
Color
sland Grapezoida
raised above hinge
hosterior angrinte bliquely truncated, anbragulated


77
X
V
x Х
8
3
3
&
Fla.
coruzens Glor
Minio
aluno consens, (young) Gl.
+ 3 Duis faludicola Gould
+ 2
Flonde
so

Plate 78 poste.
امر به
Plate &&, fig. 1 Simpson her
- Chuis besidres Geuld. Tertas trooiversa» elaugo-orata
in ,
teman, ventricosa valde chequilaterals; umbona
ibus tamidis beviter undrelatis, délut viridibres
disco olinées, un radiato; latere antice
rotundoto, shrereri auguelta, latere
marginiles arcuates;
dentibus cordinalibres encates, Camellation
fimbriatis, dentibus lateralibus rectis,
acutes; morgonta argentota sortice
indescente; cicatriciles anticis sejunètes
Welcome
Tag. 23, Lat. 1 alt. 12. soll.
Jenna ereck near Lake lenroe Florida
Dr. Henry Brgent, berg closelg allied & &
dins tronnlus Lea het is larger more
fragile and the cardinal teeth rare comprend
unco coresens oreld. Testa sodra, solida, transversa ovata,
had dorsan lato, deorsar curenta, ambenikus antice
avalde vores; latere antice rotundato latere for lice
eumnoto margine dorsali volde declin margine
ventrale tente arcuato efiderimize ficlo nitenti.
ibes curtes, recti, cicatricilies antices sejunctes,
morzarita viricé ceseres, furpurea Lug. 17,
Lat. z soll,
River et sohas
Florida, dr. shans Bryant.
near Lake Beresford
of its forma Stenuckley
gand might be thought the young! Helire more solide, les
anguler, is much darker, colored han inneh
a stronger hungrios alto. Brumbjauces
Minio rivicoles con. Trapezoidal, teaks nearly
odcinal, dorsal and ventral marguns arallel
Posterior wargie trencats. Epidermis, dark olivacen
rouge, and with wrinkled lenes. Interior harplich with
war-colould stars in the lumbo. Cardinal teeth Mick
lateral leth curred. Halitet Grook near Tampa Ila
du bracteatus Gould. Testa transversa oblongo-avota
solidula, subventiocosa, teruiter-stricta, flare-viridis
viridi saturation radiato, antice rotundata, postice
subarcuata, ambonibus ad trientem anteriorum
sites eerotis , cetroque
marginibres dora
arcgates Dentilities cardinen
galibres Jorobliquis Cerpreis Juflieihe dertily, botines
berarenate; margariton argentea aures-bracteata Links indir
Corte Jeny; 24 Latiti dom. Plazo ving upper SX , Hvable,
2.70.6) )
Metrosula, tea is ben conecte
ngere, and a
' a
Oecolari

Une Coruscus Gould page 15. Boston Soo 7 N. 4, 1856
Shell small, solid, transversely ovate, at the
dorsum (brak) broad, cuneate (medgerohasert) s umbones
antinorly strongly eroded; laterally at the anterior
zounded; posteriorly acuminated (drewe wat is a fouls)
dorsal marqi sele shelving Colectiva) veetrat meque
slowly arched, Epidaus black (pines, orlike tar)
Shinaing ; Cardinal tuett oblique soli's (rabidhis)
lateral teith Phort Stocights; cicatrices united (sejuinetia)
sia ere briliant copper perfils, Lat 1%, alt% lobisin

بم
mor w
neziah
a
W
brood and repolique
inches
M. Harturighte. New comb. Shell oblong. Ratio, 50. Size 24 lg 1
ameter in Talves Seller hode-color, nearlen & the color of u anadentoide,
the sostener half, the anterior
half being rearly raglen. Dorsal margir straight, Josterior
line with the transversé
irrounded, not biangulate, the pait beland rain nearly
veral morfin nearten stright
lightly
and tenahoden rounded above. Minton,
raised above the doream B case
lives of greuth Carity of thell dease contro unborn
Reap, but district, au angular Lateral with slender
and straight, leng, reaching to the cardinal teeth which are
lique and crannlate, the conterin teoth longest the
notch wuch eraatly opposite the beats, the direction of
the noter Thaiz behind the small contenir cicatrix, which &
distinct bredt
Pertiner cicatrien confluent. Noere white
مممم
inserened being
hon beaten to see
nhniel ridg
an
e of yellow, orie
atene color

M. lepidues Gould.
78
X
M. Hartwright
X
M. rivicoles Con – M. Blandligion

p. 113
r Anodentor subcarinata carrer. Am. Jours lench, Ill 1887
shell snooth, elliptic, biangular behind; epidection bright
zellow, with numerus seint green rag was the
entene ressace. Fines of zmoth will defined by a
frighter gellon, sem which spring nameron,
arborachaden mörkings on the anterior seul
fertion
umbones to the angle of the Josterer margin-
two will defined flat carnice radiate heen the
substaner if thell then: vacre silvery clute an
og indescent, Hob. Sentrater Leon es lich.
Resembles An. Fallida glaverelora and issors
of
Autheng. Our most beautiful sheees & fragitis
Anodenta de Nielii Auth. Hob. Mich, Shell smooth
some inflated, rounded before and biangular behind,
shell thes, diefhauses. Epidesain solished, jale
yellowiden gelen over the unstones, darker and rougher
behind. Beats promennet, rugore at tipes. Ligament
long and slender. Three marks of greuth meach
relve. Nacre silwer, white and iridescent
depazis Con Short, suboral, subcomprened
Beats beland the middle. Dist, zlightly turned
Pesterer side flattered, or contracted. Beat undulato,
flicate. Efidencés aleraceares indistanatymbo.
posteriorly, clouded with dark green about the rembo,
Anterior cardinal tooth long and very oblique
Hab. Horfeth River Zeun, love comprened
than Molens, and less sonderons and larger
)
.
Mine opalency Anth. Hob. Michigan, shell
subshomboidal, some inflated, rather thick.
Lines of grouth varicose anteriorly. Beaks fointed
toward anterior end, and near it. Epidesnis light
Hellocich
argecenite, iridescent. Cordinal heath
mall lateral ones long and straight. Nacre fearly
iridescent behind. Cority of back inther doch
(is deformed shell)
MM.
, desages Con, – lens, sea
79

Anodonta Me Nielii Arth
Footiana
2
x
Anodenta subcaricata, Aurrier – fragilinan
2
so
Alnis opalines Auth
Cooruci
Has
.
olluno strateisinas. Auth. Shell waghty
striate, rhombie depressed, rather thick epider-
mis olivoceres, little green roy more distint
als and belour euch mark of proreth am obsolete
in old shecimens, and are then grayoline
Beak, scarcely ebrates, wrinkles ut tihe. Cardinal
teeth large, brand, striate, Jeeply cloft in left
volve, Saleral teeth long and enved. Nacre white
Aal. Zennence
very rough exterior.
(Much like u. rebigensies)
Minico disinters. Auth. Shell smothe, elliptical, moder-
ately thick, epideduin oleinclous, with delicate Fine
capilloren rage over the umbres, and posterior part of
And shell, obsolete on the outerer herton, Beat, not
there. Cordial tetto in right wahre lang carried and
slightly curred, and both deeply and widely cleft
Nacre white cride, ent Mol. Tennene
Agnes with Reavis No.61
und sacentes Auth, shell smootto, elliptical
aflateo, tein, Leelo preminik Spederneis oleva
colored, and nearly avered with five greenray
which are war on the lower part of outerier half
Cardinal teeth small, compresed, excet double in
both rolnes, Lateral teeth shart- and curred
Nuore fearly chite and iridescent
Hob. Zennence. The } have a bellvo, snelling
povrategy sue, like a tres honeng bag
slasmoden inprene Anth.
Shell snootte
ettiptical, rounded before, biangulos béliend, then
beaks prominent, recorred, and undulate of tif
esiderten grécnich-zellon, with dark fine
green rays. Borel morgen often emarginate
Marks of growth distant, vory Coassicuous, and
only two er tynd ce each istre Name silory
cotute, inèdescent. Hab. Jennene. Impressed
in antennal slope.
Alos. rhembica Anth. Hab. Mich. Esn. obraca
faintly ragad. short quadrate. Les alongute and not alliptical lite

and.
lines

so
Reeve fig. 460
Mnio striatissiinus Anth.
Eostabro
ianus Leo
2
3
M. Saccules Anth
n.
Mideratus aneth.
4
Alas impressa Anath.
=
Georgian
$
2
5
+
لے
Alas. Thombiea Auth,
Anodonta edentela say.

+ Anodonta subangulator Auth. Hob. llich.
Sen inflated than plana and lighter color. Decidedly
biangular felir. Beak, endelate and ingose ats
tite. Shell thickich, epiderines geconèshe zellon
the green predominating in the forterar half.
Unico distans Auth. Shell smooth, elliptical
slightly lichtated, sother thick Beck, rother
prominent, closely and finely undulated at this
apidedun zellsach obice with dark green
rage, darker betin, and trencate or obtuse there
and bianqulates, Cardinal teeth double in both
volves, the cleft Fees and broad. Noore white
and indescent. stab. Olico
u petrines Gld. Shell solid, ovately quadrate, sub
equilateral anterionly acutely rounde, fosteriorly broadly
truncate, below slightly orche around the dorsal
posteriorly are firely flicate odra
umbores moderately subflannlate. Epidedias
dilutely as hole, zallowrick green, Cardinal teeth
strorg, sgreindal, latenet Chort, white within
Tong dia, alk. 14 Lok. Z inat! Elavos Rexon.
Related to D. Aberti con but another, erfree from vode,
u. wanaticus Gid. Shell treaware, ellergate, suterenate
noventrico anteriorly sender, as narrow, tosteriorly
al morzin arcuate discontinuing
Cardinal teeth Compressed, triangular forallel to the margin-
rouge. efiresun shinig, correon
Interes teeth distant arched internally
Trag. 274 alt. biz hat. nah. Mexico
waip pat neceséline say,
opalnia Aeth. Smooth, inflated
elliptical, rather ther. Ep. sellowish, with distant
morks of growth ofrech threr Beak, prominent
with beautiful undulations at tite. Sigament
long, slender, more witte an isturescent
Heel. Shears Sake elich. Esridersion soft cream
rohite, diephanory,
overite herzinger
sosterer merzie.
in the
!
Posterior and decurved rounded angles
Anodonta

rl
7 Anodonta subangulate Auth.
thuis distans Anthe
luteoliz
x
Anodonta opolina Arth.

. )
cont..
th
of
+ Anodenta intricate Auth. Shell elliptical
somewhat inflated, rather thick then. Epédessum
brownish olive dorker behind Beak, élerated
recurved, wrinkled. Marked growth couded
darker, in color than the general hue Lig. short
there brown. Noche silvrz white, iride,
Hal. Comf Lake Mich- surface intricated with
lines ebrated epidemir
An. flove Auth, Simrothe, thin, elliptical Epid.
light benzellow, very obscurely razed. Beats
slightly raised, and consulated at tips. Henge
gwath distinct and distant than on each rolul
morgen straight. Lig, short, ther. Marks
Nacre silvery white and initsent
Hob. Michigan, Resembles Av. Jollido Arth.
inform but ensbedes, thicker, sougher, dorter
and more ventreese.
+ An. Jullida. Auth, smooth elliptical thin
rounded before and angulos bekird, very inqui-
lateral, Epideduir hale yellow, with point
fine gelen rags anor the whole dise, and the
tengo near its lower morgen, Shell thir
behind, gering that host
very, and transforent. Beaks slightly
prominent, finely and closely rendrelated
at the tipes, with about ten wared wickles
on the first grooth. Liganet short, sale
slander; cicatrices scaredz visible
Hab. Michigan. Generally anhen two sone,
of gecerte. Coloring of Ep. very
Celicato

&n
+ Anodenta imbricato Auth_fragetis
+
+
Anodonta flava Anth. – fragiliy
X
+ Anodonta pallida Anth.

+ Anodenta subieflate Areth. Long arate, much
inflated, somewhat gibbons, reag inquilateral
these thick rather becks fronuent, undrelate at
tise. Epidedi obvalores over combines and
on anterior host, and posterior fort darker
ever bronneit. Zones ver
distant and
distinct, about three, Borzal bins very straight
Nacre silvry white udinites cant
tab. Midligen. Resembles An. Dorienses Lea in
Anodonta pappracea Aath smooth, elliplied
very then. Tridedine, brownish obene with
obscur est toys. Beaks porncuent, recorred,
minnitely rugore at tip, Revended before, angular
behind. Zoue veig distant and not very
prominent. cicatrices confluent. Nacre dirty
Jellon under the peaks, which does not extend
beyond the middle of valve, the lower part being
och a dull bluish – white color. Not sheron
tab. Sennenel, short quadrate, dark alire alar
Acodonto micons Auth, smooth elliptical
very inequilatert. Shell thin, defideris brownich
tore, cwrickled
or striate, beat, flatered, not
prominent, sew il aug undulations. Shell not much
cifleto, prended before and more Ifereized, an
indistinctly biangular beliend, and brood there
Nacre brownish golden color overthe whole
interior, and reng iridescent-
Hob. Texas, Resembles An. leprosa of Earose
Mluis Requinensi, hitteSvate selliptical
smooth moderately thick. Ep. olivaceous with
delicate
capillaag lines on the Josterior slose ,
greenish there. Zenes crowded fine, ebrated; becks
not elevated, murch eroded. Ligolong straight
thin, yellore Cartina teeth Conseller, then create
Suteras teetto long, and som ensoed. Nacre Followin
and .

+
Anodonto subinftata Anth.
+
+
Anodenta falegracea Arth.
Unio Requensis Anths
Monocongpleaca crebristricta An-
o
Anodonta micans Auth.
/
Pilotes
Monocondylarea crebristriata Auth. Rhanbie
very strongly strate, very inquilateral, biangutes
behind. Shell rather thick; beaks, not prominent
eroded, not unrelated afforently. Chr. light brown
covered with crowded five cremelore strial, which
with atomer gran rags beherd. Whole aasfece
on posterior slope une crossed at right angle,
with promment
regular folds. Cordinal teeth
weer, proment, in left value
Nacre light solinen. Hab. Regu, India
Zone ebout three
Meno condplaca Requinensis tith. Smooth,
atombrie crate nequilateral, Demeuleet inflata?
sub biangular be hand. Shell thick, books
rather hominent, proded, not undulated appar
gutty, legonent'shent and then cilenni,
nearly black, smooth one the
unlores, and anteriorely, but the subtruncate
Fosterer Jertion covered with corrugated folds
more prominent near the hinge margin.
Cardinal teeth
slightly obed. Nacre light salmon, widescent
Ironinent carred and
Hab. Ragn, hudia
rodonta Crisan Auth.
glandrelosa Anth.
Botto ane
fortes of
An. fragilin, Dr. Sea thanks. Both from Michigan
In An. issons the zones are closer than in An. fallide
Anth, and shall more ventricase, an solider darker
old spec. rough. Posterior slope leng, selangelated
excorated, razed. Beat prominent rugal at sich
Ar. glandulera thin, velloruchoirs, with
faint green rays over disc, crowed beland, and
green. Zones free and distant. Lige long, thin
kroon. Nacre silnen white, and indescent
Resembles An. unbecellio Say – en inflated than that
so preen. Breaks elevate, but in einbrillis blot

Il
and not so green

84
-
Anodenta irisars Anth. fragilis Lars
+
Anodenta glandulos
glandulosa Anth.
surely
Monocondozler Reguersis Dott.

2- 3 ante
2 Simpson
Anio Paladicales Gould. Plate 17, fig.
festa transversa. wato-whornbidea,miguelaterali antice
rotundata margine ligamentali arcuata ; natibus
prominiles, erosis; epidermide rufo- castanea;
dentitu Cardinalibris obliquis pyramidates
lateralibus lente arenatis; margarita
cupreo-coruscante. Larg. 17 Alt. & foll.
Closely resembles in shape and size M. heterodon.
Hab. Floride Everglades. Legit sohn Bartlett
Unio Popgraceus Gould.
Plate 68 fig. 2 Simpson
Testa fragili, valde inequlaterali, trausverse
ovato – oblongata, subeglindracea; postice
sabrostrato, supra angulato; notibres, parvis
eleganter undrilates; epideduride loenigeta,
leteo - castanea vodiätiim lineolata. Cordine
invalido (not strong); dente cardinale longitudinali
compressa; laterale tenni, recta; margarita
argentea. Jang. 14, Lat. ſo, alt. I poll-
In shake, delicäg and even its color, it is not
unlike Anodonta conperena, Lean Florida Everglades
Legit, John Burtlett.
Kindners of all. Simpson-
E poidereine Dark volled brown.
glossy, rought cwrinkled, white
within; related to rebizincan
but is more obture postinarily,
& darkert more wrinkend epidering
Mo.
n. Rebitate con

Mis
Page Plote
Minio,
bage Plate
86- 47
fabalis
5 Soy
56-31
g -
112 - 6
angustatus Lea
entissinons Lea
Lea
54-29
Arsopus, Green 1113 - 63 Fishericanus, Leo 138
elatus
foliatus, He!
con.
58-54 fragosus,
anodontoides Lea 52-28 fulvus
Lea 39 - 18
Archaeformis, Lea 68 - 38
42-21
lapiculatus, sag 78-44 gibbosus, Barnes
glans
Lea
asperinus
21-
Greeni
169-3
s5 - 30
Blandiingianus de 40x20 nebitatu. am
brendens, Lea
8- 48 Hembeli Con. 93- SY
heterodon Lea
son 48
La
112 - 62 g
Con.
gracilès, Bor.
7
icterinus, con
45 - 28
102
Lea
57- 320
83 446
و کہ
3
C
Lea
Camptodon Say Lou
inflaties
Caper
Green
5 - siel insoriters, Lea
Capsacfornis Lex 72-40 intermedius, con 63-30
Cariosus say
40-16 interruptus, Lea 15 53
clava Lan
lachrymosus, sea 1112- 62
occineus, Hild, 28-13 lanceolatus, Lea 32-14
Coccineus, sea por lences occidens?) 106-58
Congareus, sex 27-12 ligamentines day 3 - 1
Conradius 87-47 luteolus, san. (1026
constrictes Con il 45
91-45 lienosus , con o 24
collines
nasuters say
codectes Bornes
2 - 4
Masoni con
crassidenes, Lam. 49-26 metastriates con 104 67
metanevrus, Res. 10
ultiplicatur 107-56
declivis, say
149 – 23 maltiradiatus on 26 - 11
decisus
obligures, Lan. & 24 25
ocçidentalis, con. 64 - 36
och raceus, say
37017
eberns
orbiculatus, Hild.
27-43
ellipsiformis, con
ovatu, Say
65 a 36
con 1109- 60
38. 18
.
28 - 12
.
- 5
6
Sea
3
ens
Lea
Og
84 - 46
Lea
34 – 16
4 2
60-34

Barnes
200g
92-50
31-14
La
Lea
Con.
1000 st
á -49
Minio
Whio
sarves
patules Sca
perdix
Lea 25-1 Troostis Leo, 110-60
personaties, say
47-24 tetralasmus 111-61, say:
perplexus Len
50-27 tenninimus 58-33 Lea
Philipsi
9-5 turgidus, Lea, 11-6.
planilateris con 103-57 Tappassicander 35-17
plicatus Lesuer say
116-65
pliciformes, Lea (89-46
presses
Lea 71-40 underlate Barnes 7-7
prodnatus, con
pustulatus
80-45 Varicosus, Lea 115-64
pustulosa
62-45 Verrucosun 43=22
pullus
pliciferus, Lea
pyramidatus, sen
41-20
Figured in other books
reciatus, ham.
24-10 alnio
Ravenaltianus, Lea 76-43 Cormfulenstee, ld. zz WrY.BA
Lam
Gorold, figs 66-70
rectus Lam.
of rosaceus, pl. 39-40 N.Y. Rep
midiscon!
rubiginosa
Siliquaiders Bar. Con Alasenengose plitky akty, Refeito
Sageni, Con.
maatwiata. Gorela bat, ting
saxens
arcuata
Schoolcraftin, Lee
Y
Shepardianus, Lea. 70-34
undulate pl. 15
Sowerbyames Lea 66-37
Gereld, triginta
stape, Lea
62-35 Anod. Unadilla, Pl 15, N. Ref
subplanus, con. 73-44
subtentus
excudrota
(17.
subinflatiecorders (97-54 fluviatilis al. 18
suprotundres
t
retuses
19- &
33-15
واد
-4
74-40
r
Lea
7
5.3-29
1108- 60
2 g -44
Rl 14, N. & Repti
Say
Bl.
Lean
Sulcatus
strominus,
51-27
G1-50.

INDEX.
To G4th face
Ligamentin : Unio Fasciatus, Con. - dizuetegs, hagi.
= OVATUS, say
Lean
Corzulala reflexus, Ruti -- Comune
conti, Banned
foliatus, H.
CLAVA,
DECISUS,
FLEXUOSUS,
PHILLIPSII,
MORTONI, tienes
METANEVRUS, Padis Lee
undulaties, Baris-
FRAGOSUS,
,
RETUSUS,
PARVUS,
- Bor
GLANS, = fear
Bars laterais bar -
Con=perdix, dea:
FASCIOLUS, Ref=omičtinasiat, Lea
SILIQUOIDEUS,
RADIATUS,
PECTOROSUS,
PAGE. PL. FIG.
3 1 1
4 2
53 1
6 3 2
7 4. 1
8 4 2
9 5 1
10 5 2
11 6 1
12 6 2
17 7
19 8
20 9 1
21
9 2
22
10
1
24 10 2
25 11 1
26 11 2
27 12 1
28 12 2
29 13 1
30 13 2
31 14 1
32 14 2
33 15
34 16
35 17 1
37 17 2
38 18 1
39 18 2
40 19
41 20
42 21
43 22
Coccinellesca
CONGARÆUS, Ceas
MASONI, Cola
COCCINEUS, Hill
CATILLUS, -
PRODUCTUS,
con -
LANCEOLATUS, Lia
RECTUS,
CRASSUS, Si
VIRIDIS, 1-6-7-
OCHRACEUS,
NASUTUS,
Visoriai
ICTERINUS,,CAO Lemea
CARIOSUS,
MYTILOIDES,
....
DILATATUS, Ray --
TUBERCULATUS,
veprcco
DECLIVIS,
Camptocon, sa
BLANDINGIANUS, Dea.
PERSONATUS,
CORDATUS,
23
1
45
46
23
3.
47
24
25
48

iv
FIG.
UNIO NIGER,
1
GIBBOSUS,
PEROBLIQUUS,
2
1
Ros-argssidering
Lam.
Rach-= perplexus sea-
sülcatus, Lea
TERES, Rasagerilekea
con erectus, haine
Say - fabilis, seca
Se-gracilis, Born
ALATUS,
LEPTODON
, 1a - Govic incita 63
2
SAGERI,
LAPILLUS,
FRAGILIS,
INFLATUS,
1
2
1
ELLIPSIFORMIS,
Coro
LIENOSUS, Crie
STAPES,
con -
INTERMEDIUS,
OCCIDENTALIS,
COLLINUS,
SOWERBY ANUS,
1
1
2
1
2
Searcha yoriti
1
2
NEXUS,
GREENII,
co
SHEPARDIANUS,
COMPRESSUS,
CAPSÆFORMIS,
SUBPLANUS,
con
PAGE. PL.
49 26
50 27
51 27
52 28
53 29
54 29
55 30
56
31
57 32
33
60 34
60 34
62
35
63 35
64 36
65 36
66 37
67 37
68 38
69 38
- 70 39
71 40
72 40
73 41
74 41
7542
76 43
77 43
7844
79
44
80 45
82 45
83 46
84 46
85 47
8647
87 47
88 48
89 49
90 49
91 49
91
50
92 50
1
2
1
2
FIAVUS, berichten
Taratiya
atenies, Lea
1
2
1
2
Gratia
1
2
orales, he
1
CAPAX,
RUDIS,
OBLIQUUS,
APICULATUS,
PRASINUS,
NODULATUS,
BULLATUS,
STEGARIUS,
DROMAS,
SUBTENTUS,
ACUTISSIMUS,
CONRADIUS,
INTERRUPTUS,
PLEXUS,
HETERODON,
LIENOSUS, CM
STRAMINEUS,
PATULUS,
HEMBELI,
Op 23
1
3
4
1
2
93
51
1
91
* Custriatus. Con
49

Coner
Monogroshe No.xl
of
The 12th No. is in press and will contain the following new species:-
Unio cuneus.
Shell obliquely cuneiform, very thick; diameter through the umbones
remarkably large; within pink. Resembles U. obliquus. Inhabits
Little Red river, Arkansas.
Unio metastriatus.
A small species resembling U. interruptus, Raf., from the Black
Warrior river, Alabama; it has slightly raised radiating lines on the
posterior slope; whence its name.
Unio lenis.
Obovate, regularly convex; epidermis brown olive, rayed. Inhabits
rivers in North Illinois. Distinguished from cariosus by its dark epi-
dermis, rays over the whole disk, &c.
Unio planilateris.
Oblong subovate, disks flattened; posterior slope with raised lines;
Inhabits Black Water, Yadkin and Neuse rivers. Allied to U. con-
gar@us.
Unio iridescens.
Elliptical, compressed, thin; epidermis yellow, with rays on the
posterior side. Inhabits rivers in North Illinois. Resembles U. fascio-
laris in outline.
Unio Saxeus.
Obovate, ventricose, thin, epidermis dark, yellowish-brown, rather
obscurely rayed. Inhabits Alabama river at Claiborne. Length 2
inches.
Correginda.
Page 94, first line from top, for "was sent” read were sent.
91, for U. lienosus var. constrictus, read U. constrictus.

Page Plate
95-52
nevis
erines,
tatiraniatres Corts 153
Subirsolatero sen 8a 54 - 7
angreotus
exultos con
paitlus, con 700 3 S
netines con 10l-56
561
-702 -5.6 -
5.6-2C
Planilater cono 3 - 57 1
metastratastou 57
Cuneus, con 105
58
106 58 min
الماس -
C
lenino
heros de
Saplus, con los - 60 l
Collines in 108 son
trabilis, Con. 110- 60-
tetrotonins
gunerulus « 112-62-
ephins 1/3
ricotricoans 115 - 64
Hicatus on 116
Aso
occio


74
[1900,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
NEW AND UNFIGURED UNIONIDÆ.
BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON.
shining in an now
In preparing a synopsis of the Naiades, quite a number of new
species of Unionido have come to light. These I have held until
the work should be practically finished, and they are here pub-
lished for the first time.
Messrs. S. H. and B. H. Wright having generously donated
the types of most of their species to the National Museum, it was
thought best to give figures of those which were described in The
Nautilus, and which are unfigured.
Only brief descriptions are here given of the new genera and of
a few used in a new sense. These will be fully described in the
Synopsis.
Genus LAMPSILIS Rafinesque.2
Lampsilis fallaciosus (Smith) Simpson. Pl. II, fig. 5.
Lampsilis fallaciosus Smith, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, Pl. 79.
Figured and name given, but not described nor authority given.
Shell elongate elliptical, subsolid, inflated, rounded in front, and
ending in a rather sharp point behind, at two-thirds of the height
of the shell, with a moderate, rounded posterior ridge; beaks not
prominent, their sculpture consisting of a few delicate parallel
ridges, somewhat doubly looped, the hinder loops generally open be-
hind; epidermis very smooth and shining, ashy straw color, often
brownish on the back of the shell, generally feebly rayed with green;
female shell decidedly swollen in the postbasal region, so that the
base line is often incurved in front of the swelling; teeth rather
delicate, there being one compressed pseudo-cardinal and one
lateral in the right valve, and two pseudo-cardinals and two lat-
erals in the left; beak cavities not deep; nacre brilliant, silvery.
Length 90, height 40, diam. 32 mm.
Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
See Simpson in Baker, Mollusks of the Chicago Area, 1898, p. 93.

1900.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
75
Upper Mississippi drainage; scuth to the Cumberland and Arkan-
sas rivers; Red river of the North.
This species has generally been confounded with its near ally,
Lampsilis anodontoides Lea. It is a smaller, more inflated, and in
every way a more delicate form than the latter, it is not so high,
the epidermis is brighter and more glossy, and generally rayed.
The postbasal inflation of the female is usually more pronounced,
and the posterior point is higher than in anodontoides. The latter
is usually more yellow or tawny than fallaciosus, and is, on the
whole, a heavier shell.
In L. fallaciosus there is a horny, brown, raised streak on the
inside of the mantle behind, that I do not find in anodontoides,
and the palpi of the former are shorter.
Lampsilis australis Simpson. Pl. II, fig. 2.
Shell long elliptical, subsolid, moderately inflated, bluntly pointed
behind above the middle; beak sculpture not seen on account of
erosion, posterior ridge low, rounded; epidermis smooth, shining,
greenish yellow, rayed with green, with a large burnt brown patch
on the central and upper part of the shell; female shell slightly
inflated in the postbasal part; hinge teeth delicate, somewhat
compressed; beak cavities moderate; nacre bright bluish white,
iridescent behind, dark lurid in the cavity of the shell.
Length 52, height 28, diam. 15 mm.
Little Patsaliga creek, southeastern Alabama.
Both the type, a young shell, and an older, larger specimen are
badly eroded at the beaks, so that the hinges are slightly injured.
I am not positive as to the relations of this species, but it seems
to belong in the anodontoides group, next to L. rectus Lam.
Lampsilis mearnsi Simpson. Pl. I, fig. 4.
Shell small, rather solid and inflated, elliptical, pointed at the
middle of the posterior end, with a rather pronounced, rounded
post ridge; beaks moderate, the sculpture consisting of several
ridges looped in a single loop, which are strongly curved upward
behind; epidermis tawny with a greenish tint, rather smooth and
shining, though sometimes a little silky, often with a large, dark
green blotch at the posterior base, which sometimes covers the entire
posterior half of the shell, or it may break into rays at its front
edge; female shell decidedly swollen at the postbase; hinge teeth

76
[1900.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
rather delicate; laterals curved; pseudo-cardinals smooth below
and slightly reflexed upward; muscle scars distinct; beak cavities
shallow; nacre brilliant, soft silvery, yellowish or salmon.
Length 53, height 30, diam. 22 mm.
Near Fort Clark, southwest Texas.
A large number of valves and several perfect specimens were
contributed to the Museum by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns, of the
U. S. Army. It is closely allied to L. texasensis Lea, but it has a
higher posterior ridge, is much smoother, and the remarkable color
pattern is totally different.
Lampsilis brittsi Simpson. Pl. V, figs. 1, 2.
Shell elliptical, subsolid, moderately inflated; beak sculpture
not seen; epidermis smooth, shining, greenish yellow to tawny,
with delicate wavy, often broken green rays; hinge line curved;
pseudo-cardinals small, rather high but stumpy; laterals somewhat
remote; muscle scars distinct; nacre whitish to salmon colored.
Animal: Marsupium occupying the hinder part of the outer gills,
with 13–15 large ovisacs having dark bases; inner gills united to
abdominal sac throughout; mantle with a thick border, incurved
in the female behind the postbase, and having several strong,
lengthened, fingerlike papillæ; palpi small; branchial and anal
openings but slightly fringed.
Length 72, height 43, diam. 23 mm.
The female shell is decidedly emarginate behind the postbasa)
swelling
Differs from L. breviculus in several respects. The female shell
is more emarginate behind; the painting is in more regular, wide
rays.
The male shell of breviculus is obovate, rounded or slightly
biangulate behind; that of L. brittsi is more elliptical and pointed
posteriorly.
Lampsilis kirklandianus S. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 7.
Unio kirklandianus S. H. Wright, Naut., X, 1897, p. 136.
A wonderfully beautiful shell, of which I have only seen the
type, apparently a male. It is very different from the ordinary
manifestation of Lampsilis, but seems to be nearly related to the
Unio subangulatus of Lea, which is nearer the typical form of the
genus, and in which the difference between the male and female
shells is clearly shown. The marsupium is of the Lampsilis type.

1900.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
77
Lampsilis villosus B. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 1.
Unio villosus B. H. Wright, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 32.
A species close to the Unio amygdalum of Lea, but which also
seems to be related to his U. exiguus.
Genus MEDIONIDUS Simpson.
Shell elongated, elliptic rhomboid, subsolid, with a more or less
definite posterior ridge; beak sculpture fine, subparallel, broken,
doubly looped ridges; epidermis smooth, rather bright, variegated
with broken green rays or clouds; pseudo-cardinals small, stumpy;
laterals curved; female shell generally slightly swollen at and
behind the central base; marsupium occupying the centre and
postcentre of the outer gills, in a few large, irregular, distinct
ovisacs. Type Unio conradicus Lea.
Medionidus walkeri B. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 5.
Unio walkeri B. H. Wright, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 91.
A singular shell, but most probably related to Unio rubellinus
of Conrad, which is a member of this genus.
Genus NEPHRONAIAS Crosse and Fischer.
Naids-water nye
Shell rather solid, elliptical, more or less biangulate behind, that
of the male often becoming arcuate when old, that of the female gen-
erally swollen on the postbase; surface sulcate; beaks sculptured
with faint, broken ridges; two pseudo-cardinals in each valve;
laterals perfect; beak cavities rather deep.
Type Unio plicatulus Charpentier.
Nephronaias reticulatus Simpson. Pl. II, fig. 3.
Shell evenly elliptical, subinflated, rather solid, slightly biangu-
late behind; surface decidedly sulcate and sculptured throughout
with radiating ridges or slight furrows, which cut the sulcations
into loops, and give the shell a reticulated appearance; epidermis
tawny; pseudo-cardinals stumpy; laterals rather heavy and gran-
ular; muscle scars distinct; nacre lurid, thicker in front.
Length 50, height 33, diam. 20 mm.
Patook river, Honduras.
A single shell, which is probably not fully adult, is in the
National Museum collection. The sculpture reminds one of that
of Glabaris reticulatus Sowb., of South America, or Plagiola
encarpa Lea, of Lake Nicaragua.

78
[1900.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
Genus OBOVARIA Rafinesque.
Shell solid, inflated, short, rounded before and often behind,
that of the female swollen at postbase; beaks high, their sculpture
delicate and faint, slightly doubly looped; epidermis silky, but
feebly rayed; pseudo-cardinals and laterals strong;
; animal
having the marsupium in the hinder part of the outer gills with
well-marked ovisacs.
Type Unio retusa Lamarck.
Obovaria rotulata B. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 2.
Unio rotulatus B. H. Wright, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 22.
A very solid shell, nearly circular in outline, and having a black
epidermis. It seems to be closely related to the Unio circulus of
Lea, but I have only seen a single specimen, the type.
Obovaria tinkeri B. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 3.
Unio tinkeri B. H. Wright, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 7.
A species near to the Unio unicolor of Lea, but probably dis-
tinct.
3 an
Genus TRITOGONIA Agassiz.
Shell elongate rhomboid, solid, that of the male somewhat
swollen and truncate behind, that of the female longer, more com-
pressed, and having a rounded posterior wing or flap; posterior
ridge high and well defined; beak sculpture consisting of strong,
irregular corrugations; surface covered with tubercles; epidermis
dark and rough; hinge strong, curved; a decided lunule showing in
front of the beaks, which extends underneath and behind them,
and is filled with epidermal matter; pseudo-cardinals strong,
ragged, radial; laterals somewhat remote, two in each valve; mus-
cle scars distinct, those of the anterior deep and rough; beak
cavities deep, compressed; dorsal scars on the under side of the
hinge shelf.
Animal: Inner gills much the larger, mostly free from the ab-
dominal sac; palpi enormous, elongated; mantle of male truncate
behind, that of the female produced into a wide, rounded, thick-
ened flap filling the wing of the shell behind; marsupium not
observed.
Type Unio tuberculatus Barnes.

1900.]
79
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
-
an
folded – Ptycho
? Tritogonia conjugans B. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 1.
Unio conjugans B. H. Wright, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 89.
A most remarkable shell, of which only the type, probably a
male, is known. I am not certain as to the relationship of this
species. It does not have the biangulation at the postbase gener-
"ally found in male shells of T. tuberculata Barnes, but has an
almost straight truncation from the postbase to the dorsal region.
However, T. tuberculata often shows such a truncation when
young,
and we have shells of this an inch and a half in length which are
much like T. conjugans would be at the same size.
Genus PTYCHOBRANCHUS Simpson.
Shell somewhat subtriangular or elliptical, solid, that of the
male and female alike; epidermis having hairlike or broken rays;
beak sculpture faint, broken, and somewhat doubly looped ridges;
hinge strong; pseudo-cardinals stumpy; laterals club-shaped,
remote; the muscle scars deep; shell cavity with one or more
oblique furrows. Marsupium occupying the entire outer branchiæ
in a series of beautiful, wide folds, the ovisacs well marked and
rounded below.
Type Unio phaseolus Hildreth.
Ptychobranchus clintonensis Simpson. Pl. V, fig. 3.
Shell elongate, elliptical, sometimes slightly obovate, feebly
biangulate behind, quite solid; beak sculpture not seen; epidermis
somewhat clothlike, dirty olive, the hinder two-thirds of the shell
ornamented with delicate, wavy, capillary rays; pseudo-cardinals
Iow, laterals very heavy, remote; muscle scars large and well
defined; nacre lurid, with greenish brown blotches.
Length 73, height 40, diam. 22 mm.
Archie's Fork of Little Red river, near Clinton, Ark. Probably
extends into Kansas.
This form I at first mistook for a variety of Unio gibbosus Bar.,
but an examination of the animal in a gravid state later on showed
me that it is a Ptychobranchus. The soft parts of the specimens
examined were a dark leaden color, almost blue.
Genus UNIO Retzius.
Unio iheringi B. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 5.
Unio iheringi B. H. Wright, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 93.
This shell is rather close to Unio mitchelli Simpson, but differs

80
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1900.
from it in the character of the beak sculpture, in the rays, the
texture of the epidermis, and in the form.
Unio dispalans B. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 9.
Unio dispalans B. H. Wright, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 50.
A member of the complanatus group, probably, though it has
relations with that of buckleyi and fisherianus. It is one of those
puzzling forms which is a good deal like several things, but not
near enough to anything to be referred to it.
Unio lehmani S. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 9.
Unio lehmani S. H. Wright, Naut., X, 1897, p. 138.
A member of the buckleyi group.
Unio burtchianus S. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 8.
Unio burtchianus B. H. Wright, Naut., X, 1897, p. 137.
Another member of the buckleyi group.
Unio pinei B. H. Wright. Pl. III, fig. 1.
Unio pinei B. H. Wright, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 40.
Near to forms of U. buckleyi, but probably distinct.
Unio buxtoni B. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 6.
Unio buxtoni B. H. Wright, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 55.
A peculiarly formed member of the buckleyi group.
Unio brimleyi S. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 6.
Unio brimleyi S. H. Wright, Naut., X, 1897, p. 138.
A species related to U. subplanus Conrad.
sine
Bennas
Genus PLEUROBEMA (Rafinesque) Agassiz.
Shell solid, oval, triangular or rhomboid, usually inflated, ,
inequilateral, with high beaks, their sculpture coarse and broken;
epidermis generally tawny, but sometimes brownish or black, often
having broken rays and square spots; rest lines strong; hinge
heavy, with pseudo-cardinals and laterals; beak cavities shallow,
nacre white. Embryos contained in the outer gills alone.
Type Unio clava Lamarck.
o sam
Pleurobema brevis subelliptica Simpson.
Shell elliptic rhomboid, solid, inflated, slightly biangulate behind;
beaks rather high, but compressed, sculptured with strong, irregu-
lar corrugations that curve up behind; epidermis tawny, with a
few faint posterior rays; rest marks moderate; nacre silvery,

1900.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
81
iridescent behind; muscle scars well marked; beak cavities mod-
erate; teeth strong, two laterals in each valve.
Length 55, height 40, diam. 28 mm.
Hardy, Arkansas. Tennessee drainage, probably.
Something like P. brevis Lea, but much more inflated, and
slightly rayed instead of square blotched, and less rhomboid.
Probably a distinct species.
Pleurobema avellana Simpson. Pl. II, figs. 6, 7.
Shell small, solid, inflated, rhomboid elliptical, with a well-
developed, rounded posterior ridge; beaks full, badly eroded in
the only specimens seen; surface lightly concentrically striate,
greenish brown, scarcely rayed, but slighly clouded; two diverg-
ing pseudo-cardinals in the left valve and one in the right; two
laterals in each valve; muscle scars deep; nacre bluish, iridescent
behind.
Length 30, height 20, diam. 15 mm,
Catawba river, Alabama. Collections of Bryant Walker and
Lorraine Frierson.
Seems to be near P. rubellus Con.
Pleurobema strodeana B. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 3.
Unio strodeanus B. H. Wright, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 5.
This species is nearly related to P. patsaligensis and P. simulans.
Pleurobema harperi B. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 10.
Unio harperi B. H. Wright, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 6.
I am somewhat doubtful whether this is more than a variety of
Unio bulbosus Lea.
Pleurobema pinkstoni S. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 8.
Unio pinkstoni S. H. Wright, Naut., X, 1897, p. 136.
Related to P. hanleyana Lea and P.
Pleurobema swordiana S. H. Wright. Pl. IV, fig. 4.
Unio swordianus S. H. Wright, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 4.
A puzzling form which may be related to Unio appressus of
Lea and U. abacus of Haldeman. Its shallow beak cavities dis-
tinguish it at once from Unio bursa-pastoris of B. H. Wright,
which it resembles, but which has deep cavities.

82
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1900.
Pleurobema patsaligensis Simpson. Pl. II, fig. 1.
Shell rather small, nearly elliptical, subsolid and somewhat
inflated, with a well-developed, posterior ridge, sometimes slightly
biangulate behind; posterior slope with two or three faint ridges;
epidermis a little silky, but shining when rubbed, greenish yellow,
with scarcely perceptible rays, and often clouded with bluish green;
beaks eroded and the sculpture not seen; hinge curved; pseudo-
cardinals radiate, rather stumpy; two laterals in the left valve and
one and a vestige of a second in the right ; beak cavities moderate,
but compressed; nacre whitish, often blotched with brown, irides-
cent behind.
Length 43, height 28, diam. 18 mm.
Little Patsaliga creek, southeast Alabama.
This
groups with P. strodeana B. H. Wright and P. simulans
Lea, but is perfectly distinct.
Pleurobema reclusa B. H. Wright. Pl. I, fig. 2.
Unio reclusus B. H. Wright, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 111.
Closely related to P. harperi and bulbosa.
Primate
Pleurobema argentea pannosa Simpson.
Shell rather solid, irregularly and rudely concentrically striate;
epidermis where fresh somewhat clothlike, tawny or brownish.
White river and Hot Springs, Ark.
Possibly a variety of P. argentea, but it may prove to be a dis-
tinct species.
Genus QUADRULA (Rafinesque) Agassiz.
Quadrula rudis Simpson. Pl. III, fig. 2.
Shell large, long quadrate, inflated, solid, with high beaks,
curved inward and forward, having apparently delicate corrugated
sculpture, a decided, sharp, curved posterior ridge ending in a
blunt point at the posterior base, in front of which the basal lire
is incurved, anterior end rounded, posterior end an even curve from
the ligament to the postbase; epidermis brownish, rough, rayless;
surface sulcate and, excepting the later growth, covered with
sharply elevated small pustules which are sometimes united; hinge
curved; a single very large pseudo-cardinal in the right valve which
fits in a cavity of the left, around which there is a high ridge
which develops into a high tooth behind the cavity; under the
beaks is a sort of lunule which is extended inward across the hinge

1900.]
83
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
plate, which is partly filled with epidermis; laterals curved, rather
delicate; anterior scars deep, those of the adductor very rough in
the centre; posterior scars shallow, beak cavities very deep, slightly
compressed; front part of the shell greatly thickened; nacre soft,
creamy white.
Length 103, height 65, diam. 45 mm.
Rio Taxtunilha, Guatemala.
A single shell, the type, is in the Lea collection, presented to
Dr. Lea by C. M. Wheatley, and labelled by the latter Unio
psoriacus Morelet. It is evidently not that species, and is, I
think, new. The type is nearly decorticated.
Quadrula guatemalensis Simpson. Pl. II, fig. 4.
Shell rather small, subrhomboid, solid, scarcely inflated, with a
low posterior ridge, above which it is faintly biangulate; beaks
moderate, their sculpture not seen; surface sulcate, covered through-
out, with rather obsolete pustules and corrugations; epidermis dark
brown, rough, rayless; there are two partially united pseudo-
cardinals in the left valve, with a pit between them, into which the
large tooth of the right valve fits; under and behind the beaks on
the hinge plate is a deposit of epidermal matter; beak cavities
moderately deep; nacre coppery purple.
Length 45, height 27, diam. 14 mm.
Rio Usumasinta, Guatemala.
The only shell seen, the type, is probably young.
It does not
agree with anything I can find described, though it seems to come
nearest to Q. ostreata.
Quadrula triumphans B. H. Wright. Pl. III, fig. 3.
Unio triumphans B. H. Wright, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 101.
A fine shell which has characters like those of Q. boykiniana
and multiplicata, but which, I think, is neither.
Quadrula flexuosa Simpson. Pl. II, fig. 8.
Shell subtriangular, solid, inflated, with a faintly double poste-
rior ridge, rounded in front and slightly incurved at the posterior
base; beaks high, eroded in the only specimen seen; a low, wide,
radiating depression leads from them down to the base; epidermis
roughly concentrically striate, tawny to brownish, showing the rest
marks; hinge plate wide and flat; pseudo-cardinals low, diverging,
ragged; laterals straight, short, two in each valve; anterior adduc-

84
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1900
conrad. /zeniny näteele
tor scars deep, rough; posterior scars distinct; nacre lurid whitish,
dull.
Length 65, height 55, diam. 33 mm.
Holston river, Tennessee. Collection of L. S. Frierson.
Apparently nearest to Q. plena, but not so high or inflated.
Genus NODULARIA
Shell elliptical to elongated, inflated; beaks not prominent, sculp-
tured with some form of zigzag, radiating sculpture, which often
extends over part or all of the shell; epidermis generally greenish,
often bright; hinge provided with pseudo-cardinals and laterals
which are usually somewhat compressed; beak cavities shallow;
nacre whitish. Marsupium occupying the inner gills only.
Nodularia cylindracea Simpson.
Unio grayanus Schrenck (non Lea), Reis. und Forsch. im Amur-
Lande, 1887, p. 694, Pl. XXVII, figs. 1-3.
Shell greatly elongated, inflated, rather solid and slightly arcuate,
very inequilateral, rounded in front, with a low, rounded posterior
ridge which runs to the postbase, where the shell ends in a some-
what rounded point, above which it is obliquely subtruncated;
ligament large, long; surface apparently without sculpture save
for slight concentric ridges; epidermis thick, brown, and in the
shell figured cracking and peeling off; dorsal line wavy at the hinder
end where the point of the shell turns a little to the right; pseudo-
cardinals apparently broken up into several slightly curved denticles;
anterior muscle scars deep and large.
Length 155, height 45, diameter 38 mm.
China.
Schrenck supposes this to be Lea's Unio grayanus, which is a
smaller shell, is always more or less nodulous and corrugated, and
has a pinched up posterior ridge and different pseudo-cardinals. He
has three shells from a London dealer said to come from China.
The specimen figured is very badly eroded on the dorsal region,
and is apparently damaged at the postbase, while the heavy epider-
mis has peeled off in a number of places. I do not think it should
group with N. grayana. Halse tootlo
Genus PSEUDODON Gould.
Pseudodon loomisi Simpson. Pl. IV, fig. 7.
Shell elongated elliptical and slightly. obovate, somewhat in-
flated, rather thin; beaks not high, the sculpture not seen; poste-

1900.]
85
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
rior ridge low, rounded; posterior slope having a few corrugations
running in a nearly horizontal direction, the rest of the shell nearly
smooth; epidermis black, rayless; there is a single rather elevated
tooth in each valve, there being a vestige of a second in the right
valve; laterals represented by a low, rounded ridge; beak cavities
shallow; muscle scars well marked; nacre pale bluish, becoming a
lurid salmon in the cavities.
Length 73, height 37, diam. 23 mm.
Asaka, Japan. Loomis.
This seems to be a rather peculiar Pseudodon.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Unio villosus B. H. Wright, p. 77.
Fig. 2. Unio reclusus B. H. Wright, p. 82.
Fig. 3. Unio strodeanus B. H. Wright, p. 81.
Fig. 4. Lampsilis mearnsi Simpson, p. 75.
Fig. 5. Unio walkeri B. H. Wright, p. 77.
Fig. 6. Unio buxtoni B. H. Wright, p. 80.
Fig. 7. Unio kirklandianus S. H. Wright, p. 76.
Fig. 8. Unio pinkstoni S. H. Wright, p. 81.
Fig. 9. Unio dispalans B. H. Wright, p. 80.
Fig. 10. Unio harperi B. H. Wright, p. 81.
PLATE II)
Fig. 1. Pleurobema patsaligensis Simpson, p. 82.
Fig. 2. Lampsilis australis Simpson, p. 75.
Fig 3. Nephronaias reticulatus Simpson, p. 77.
Fig. 4. Quadrula guatemalensis Simpson, p. 83.
Fig. 5. Lampsilis fallaciosus (Smith) Simpson, p. 74.
Fig. 6. Pleurobema avellana Simpson, p. 81.
.
Fig. 7. Pleurobema avellana Simpson, p. 81.
Fig. 8. Quadrula flexuosa Simpson, p. 83.
PLATE III.
Fig. 1. Unio pinei B. H. Wright, p. 80.
Fig. 2. Quadrula rudis Simpson, p. 82.
Fig. 3. Ünio triumphans B. H. Wright, p. 83.

86
[1900.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
PLATE IV.
Fig. 1. Unio conjugans B. H. Wright, p. 79.
Fig. 2. Unio rotulatus B. H. Wright, p.
78.
Fig. 3. Unio tinkeri B. H. Wright, p. 78.
Fig. 4. Unio swordianus S. H. Wright, p. 81.
Fig. 5. Unio iheringi B. H. Wright, p. 79.
Fig. 6. Unio brimleyi S. H. Wright, p. 80.
Fig. 7. Pseudodon loomisi Simpson, p. 84.
Fig. 8. Unio burtchianus B. H. Wright, p. 80.
Fig. 9. Unio lehmani S. H. Wright, p. 80.
PLATE V.
Fig. 1. Lampsilis brittsi Simpson, female, p. 76.
Fig. 2. Lampsilis brittsi Simpson, male, p. 76.
Fig. 3. Ptychobranchus clintonensis Simpson, p. 79.

PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILArefuses
viscus
. 1900.
I.
PLATE 1
2
strodrans
ucapiru
3
4
walking
تماس باما
6
5
Kirklandia
8
7
palang
10
horpen
SIMPSON. NEW AND UNFIGURED UNIONIDÆ.


PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1900.
Magery
PLATE II.
auntraly
1
2
Gullamalan
3
4
fallace
011
hati
5
arllana
6
lex
osa
7
8
SIMPSON. NEW AND UNFIGURED UNIONIDÆ.

3

PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1900.
PLATE III.
1
rady
2,0
JE
تی شرت
2
w
tonen
ME
triumphan
3
SIMPSON. NEW AND UNFIGURED UNIONIDÆ


PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1900.
rolpeatus
PLATE IV.
2
( Tinkin
1
3
wow
tautas
FROM
4
5
loomin
meg
7
6
9
tristchanan
SIMPSON. NEW AND UNFIGURED UNIONIDÆ.


PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1900.
PLATE V.
nilts
1
2
clintonany
3
SIMPSON. NEW AND UNFIGURED UNIONIDÆ.


Description of new North American Trilobites.
337;
sions on each side of the cheeks, commencing near the protuberan-
ces on the front, and running towards the lateral edges of the buck-
ler. The posterior border of the buckler where it joins the lobes of
the abdomen, is marked by a transverse groove, nearly continuous
with the lower transverse furrow on the front; this groove at its com-
mencement, appears to bifurcate outwards.
The abdomen and tail cannot be distinguished from each other.
There are seventeen distinct articulations in both. The middle lobe is
very convex, and is separated from the lateral ones, by a deep chan-
nel; it gradually tapers to an obtuse tip. In our specimen there is
a small part of the tail of another trilobite deposited in this place,
which at first sight appears to be a dislocated fragment of our animal.
The lateral lobes are flattened; the costal arches are very dis-
tinct near their insertion, and for about half their length, but towards
their free extremities they are a good deal obliterated. There ap-
pears to have been a delicate membranaceous prolongation for a con-
siderable distance beyond the solid portion of each rib. "This or-
ganization is very apparent on the costal arches of the tail. There
is a deep groove running obliquely over the upper surface of each rib.
Length of the fossil about nine inches; breadth about four inches.
This remarkable species of trilobite I have named in compliment
to our zealous naturalist, Richard Harlan, M. D., who sent me the
specimen above described, with the following note.
Dear Sir,-During my recent visit to Boston, I observed the fine
specimen of trilobite which accompanies this note, in the cabinet of
Mr. Francis Alger, to whose politeness I owe this opportunity of of-
fering you an additional species for your interesting and useful mon-
ograph of American trilobites. The present specimen is undoubt-
edly American, though Mr. Alger expressed some doubt as to its
precise locality. He supposed it to be from Trenton Falls, in the
State of New York.
I have the honor to be respectfully,
Your friend, &c.
Philadelphia, March 27th, 1833.
RICHARD HARLAN.
As the P. Harlani is in finty siliceous slate, it does not prob-
ably occur at Trenton Falls, where the rocks are mostly formed of
carbonate of lime. Our species resembles very much the P. Tessi-
ni of Brongniart, a representation of which he gives from Prof.
Wahlenberg, on Plate 4, fig. 1, which fossil is the old Entomolithus
paradoxus of Linnè, and has been found only in Westrogothia, at
very great depths, “ dans les couches d'ampelite alumineux.”
VOL. XXV.--No. 2.
43

338
New species of Fresh Water Shells.
From Sliman's Lonal Tal zouth
1834
Art. IX.-Description of some New Species of Fresh Water Shells
from Alabama, Tennessee, &c.; by TIMOTHY A. CONRAD, Mem-
ber of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
UNIO CELATUS. Pl. 1. fig. 2.
Shell sub-triangular; much compressed, surface waved and with
small irregular undulations becoming profound towards the posterior
margin; anterior side and umbo destitute of undulations; umbones
flattened ; beaks prominent.
Inhabits Tennessee, Elk and Flint rivers, and is rare. Length
1.8 inches. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phil-
adelphia.
Shell sub-triangular ; very inequilateral, and much compressed,
with a broad furrow extending from the beaks to the base; an-
terior sides and umbo entire, and the remaining parts furnished with
small irregular interrupted undulations, which are profound behind
the umbonial slope; surface rough, with distant slight concentric
grooves; umbones much flattened; beaks prominent, compressed;
epidermis dark olive, and obscurely rayed; cardinal and lateral teeth
very robust; anterior and posterior muscular impressions profound;
nacre pearly white and iridescent.
Observations. This is a remarkable and very distinct species;
very
similar in outline to the U. securis of Lea; but differing from
all its congeners in the singular manner in which its undulations or
incipient tubercles are disposed; it is nearly as much compressed as
the U. securis. The epidermis in some specimens is almost black.
UNIO PEROVATUS. Pl. 1. fig. 3.
Shell ovate, ventricose, valves moderately thick; beaks rather
prominent, cardinal teeth erect; lateral teeth rectilinear, compress-
ed; nacre white.
Inhabits Prairie creek, Marengo Co. Al. rare; Length 1.9 inches.
Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Shell ovate, rather ventricose, valves thick on the anterior side,
but becoming much thinner on the posterior; anterior margin regu-
larly rounded; basal margin rounded; posterior extremity subangu-
lated; beaks a little elevated, approximate and undulated at tip;
epidermis olive, and wrinkled towards the margin; cardinal teeth
erect and prominent, not very thick; lateral teeth rectilinear, con-

New species of Fresh Water Shells.
339
pressed ; anterior muscular impression profound : posterior one slight-
ly impressed; nacre white.
Observations. The regular ovate form of this shell will distin-
guish it from most other species. The young shell, however is broad-
er behind, approaching to an oval figure, and is prettily ornamented
with
green rays on an olive yellow ground.
UNIO LIENOSUS. Pl. 1. fig. 4.
Shell narrow-elliptical, ventricose; beaks approximate, little ele-
vated and corrugated; posterior basal margin abruptly rounded; pos-
terior end sub-angulated; cardinal teeth rather compressed and ob-
lique, and double in both valves.
Inhabits small streams in South Alabama. Length 2.8 inches.
Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Shell narrow-elliptical, ventricose or inflated in old shells; sub-
tance of the valves thick before and thinner behind; posterior dor-
sal and basal margin rounded, and the end subangulated; beaks ap-
proximate, not very prominent, and with interrupted undulations;
concentric lines coarse and prominent; epidermis very dark olive,
and obscurely rayed; wrinkled on the margin; cardinal teeth double
in both valves, a little compressed and oblique, and coarsely stria-
ted; cavity most capacious under the umbonial slope; nacre vary-
ing from bluish white to deep salmon color, or purple.
Observations. This species is remarkable for preferring the small-
er streams to the rivers, and is not an uncommon shell in such waters,
I found them in company with the U. rubiginosus, Lea, which though
not very rare in the small creeks of South Alabama, I never found in
either the Black Warrior or Alabama rivers.
UNIO STRAMINEUS. Pl. 1. fig. 6.
Shell sub-oval, posterior side wider than the anterior and rounded;
beaks slightly prominent, with irregular undulations; umbones con-
vex; concentric lines remarkably coarse 'and prominent; cardinal
teeth double in both valves, and sub-compressed : nacre pearly white
and iridescent.
Inhabits with the preceding species. Length 2.5 inches. Cabi-
net of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Shell sub-oval, convex, inflated behind the middle; posterior side
wide and rounded at the end ; posterior dorsal and basal margins ab-
ruptly rounded ; umbonial slope disposed to be subangulated; surface

340
New species of Fresh Water Shells.
with strong prominent concentric lines and undulations; beaks slight-
ly prominent and with undulations disposed in angular lines; epider-
mis straw colored, rayed only behind the umbonial slope; wrinkled
only at the two ends; cavity most capacious behind the middle of the
valve ; nacre pearly white and iridescent.
Observations. Approaches the U. abruptus of Say, and is a very
rare species; a specimen very much resembles the U. cariosus of
the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers.
UNIO ARCUS. Pl. 1. fig. 8.
Shell narrow-elliptical, thick and ponderous; dorsal margin regu-
larly curved, or arched; beaks scarcely above the dorsal line; basal
margin straight, posterior side somewhat cuneate.
Inhabits Alabama river. Length 2 inches. Cabinet of the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Shell narrow-elliptical, thick and ponderous; dorsal margin form-
ing an arched curve, which is scarcely interrupted by the beaks,
umbonial slope abruptly rounded posteriorly, basal margin straight;
epidermis olive and wrinkled ; cardinal teeth thick, pyramidal; dis-
tant from the lateral teeth; anterior muscular impression profound;
posterior rather deeply impressed; cavity not capacious; nacre pearly
white.
Observations. This is a rare shell, and distantly related to the U.
phaseolus of Hildreth ; it is not however so compressed, is more
pointed behind, &c. and differs altogether in the epidermal markings
or color. It is never rayed.
sube
UNIO ARCTATUS. Pl. 1. fig. 9.
Shell narrow-elliptical, elongated, much compressed; and slightly
contracted over the umbo to the base; beaks not prominent; basal
margin slightly arcuated, cardinal and lateral teeth distinct.
Inhabits Black Warrior and Alabama rivers. Length 2 inches.
Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Shell elongated, much compressed, slightly contracted from the
beaks to the base ; posterior side much produced and sub-angulated
at the end; beaks depressed; epidermis very dark olive; cardinal
teeth disposed to be single in both valves; lateral teeth compressed
and a little prominent, nacre bluish white.
Observations. This shell has somewhat the form of the U. mo-
nodonta, Say, but it is more nearly allied to U. purpureus of Say
I'resh water Shells f Alabama.
Pl. I.
pl. 86

2
+ +
nouw. of M. subtentus say
M. collatus
3
A
t
M. perovatus
n. licnosres
15
6
13
M. strammen
www.of
Rafe
9
M. aretatus
M. urcus
10
titlas. radicata
x
& An. subrexa
T.1. Conruil del.
An. declini
plana Leo
On Stone by. 1. Kider. =
Printed by
Childs. 8 Inunan,


New species of Fresh Water Shells.
341
than to any other species. Beside its other characters, the uniform
bluish white color of the interior will distinguish it from the latter.
ALASMODONTA RADIATA. Pl. 1. fig. 10.
Shell ovate-acute, ventricose; posterior end produced and pointed
at the end ; cardinal tooth in the right valve elongated and anterior
to, and distant from the beak; cardinal tooth in the left valve elon-
gated, and situated immediately under the beak.
Inhabits small streams in South Alabama. Length 24 inches.
Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Shell ovate-acute, ventricose, with the posterior side produced and
pointed at the end; beaks prominent and pointed at the apex, which
has two or three profound undulations; epidermis light olive, beauti-
fully rayed with dark green; cavity capacious; nacre waxen yel-
lowish.
ANODONTA SUBVEXA. Pl. 1. fig. 12.
Shell sub-oval, inflated; thin; anterior end rounded ; posterior
end subtruncated; posterior dorsal margin elevated and abruptly
rounded at the extremity ; callus resembling an incipient tooth.
Inhabits Black Warrior river. Length about 2 inches. Cabinet
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Very rare.
Shell sub-oval, inflated, thin, with prominent beaks, undulated at
the apex, and not distant from the middle of the valve ; umbo infla-
ted; umbonial slope angulated, and the space behind with radiating
lines; epidermis olive and rather obscurely rayed; cavity very capa-
cious, most so behind the middle; nacre bluish, stained with a light
waxen yellow.
ANODONTA DECLIVIS. Pl. 1. fig. 11.
Shell sub-ovate, thin, slightly ventricose; posterior end produced
and cuneiform; margin of the dorsal slope nearly rectilinear, and the
extremity truncated; beaks slightly prominent and tuberculated at
the apex.
Inhabits Flint river, Morgan Co. Alabama, extremely rare. Length
3} inches. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phil-
adelphia.
Shell sub-ovate, thin, slightly ventricose; umbonial slope angulated;
posterior dorsal margin rectilinear; epidermis green olive, with dark
concentric wrinkled lines; and on the posterior slope are numerous
interrupted irregular lines; space behind the umbonial slope flattened;

342
New species of Fresh Water Shells.
و
nacre waxen yellow, except on the margin, which is pearly white and
highly iridescent.
CYCLAS STAMINEA. Pl. 1. fig. 5.
Shell oval, ventricose, inequilateral; with numerous regular prom-
inent concentric lines; beaks slightly prominent; anterior and poste-
rior ends nearly equally rounded; cardinal teeth none; lateral teeth
distinct.
Inhabits small streams in South Alabama. Figure of the natural
size. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Shell oval, regularly convex; inequilateral; anterior and posterior
ends similarly rounded; umbo inflated; beaks a little prominent,
apex obtusely rounded; epidermis yellowish, with darker stains ;
lateral teeth rather prominent; nacre bluish white; cavity capacious.
MELANIA OLIVULA. Pl. 1. Fig. 13.
Sheli oblong or narrow-elliptical, smooth and entire; spine con-
ical; volutions five; suture impressed ; aperture somewhat elliptical,
longitudinal; about half the length of the shell, color green olive;
with strongly marked brown revolving bands; about 4 on the body
whorl.
Var. A. Much more elevated, with a truncated or eroded
apex ;
the whorl flattened, and the spine less conical.
Observations. Inhabits the Alabama river, adhering to the soft
calcareous banks, which it perforates in such a manner that they re-
semble honey comb, or wood pierced by Teredo navalis.
MELANIA PRASINATA. Pl. 1. Fig. 14.
Shell subulate, slightly turrited; whorls 7 or 8, flattened; aperture
elliptical, a little oblique ; about one third of the length of the shell;
body whorl sub-angulated at base; epidermis green olive.
Var. A. with broad revolving costæ, those on the body whorl cre-
nulated.
Inhabits Alabama river, adhering to limestone rocks. Cabinet of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
ANCULOSA PICTA. Fig. 15.
Shell sub-oval, shoulder obtusely rounded; aperture obovate,
large; columella callous above; epidermis olive, with numerous
quadrangular small spots disposed in revolving lines, strongly mark-
ed in the aperture.

New species of Fresh Water Shells.
343
Inhabits Alabama river, adhering to pebbles on the bars. Cabinet
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
UNIO SUBTENTUS. Say. var. Pl. 1. fig. de I
This beautiful variety of the U. subtentus was found by me in the
Tennessee and Elk rivers. The annexed delineation of the species
is probably better than any
hitherto given.
UNIO MYTILLOIDES. Raf. var. Pl. 1, fig. 7.
I obtained this shell in the Alabama river. Its characters appear
to be intermediate between U. ellipsis, Lea, and U. mytilloides,
Raf., yet is doubtless identical with the latter species.
SUPPLEMENT.
PLANORBIS ANTROSUS.
Shell dextral, not depressed; whorls three; spire profoundly in-
dented, or concave, with the summit of the body whorl angular ; in-
ner volutions angulated; umbilicus profound, with the margin and
inner volutions angulated : body whorl abruptly dilated near the
aperture ; aperture longitudinally subovate, dilated.
MELANIA CONGESTA.
Shell subulate, with about nine volutions, the lower ones obscurely
angulated, those of the spire becoming acutely carinated towards the
apex; suture well defined; body whorl obscurely sub-angulated ;
aperture longitudinal, elliptical.
PHYSA POMILIA.
Shell with four volutions, horn colored and polished ; spire short
conical ; body whorl ventricose; aperture patulous.—REMARK. It
resembles P. heterostropha, Say, but is much smaller and thinner.
These three univalves inhabit Randon's creek, near Claiborne,
Alabama, adhering to Limestone rocks.
(To be continued.)

344
Carbonic Oxide Gas.
Art. X.-Carbonic oxide gas, obtained free of carbonic acid ; by
Thomas D. MITCHELL, M. D. Professor of Chemistry and Phar-
macy in the Medical College of Ohio.
It will be readily conceded, that a process, by which a difficulty
can be avoided entirely, will be more acceptable to the practical
chemist, than one, however ingenious, that instructs him how to get
rid of that difficulty, after it has occurred. Several foreign writers
have recently proposed methods, for ridding carbonic oxide of car-
bonic acid ; and in a late number of the American Journal, conduct-
ed by Professor Silliman, I find a communication from Professor
Hare, on this point. He has furnished a drawing of his apparatus,
intended to accomplish the object in view, with such explanations, as
he supposed necessary. It is obvious however, that if such an ex-
pedient were at all requisite, many persons would fail in its construc-
tion, by the aid of the description and drawing alone; for although
it may be perfectly plain to the inventor, it will not follow, that others
may easily imitate him.
The plan which I adopted is very simple and perfectly successful.
I was led to its use, not because I supposed the formation of carbonic
acid would be obviated, but because I had found considerable diffi-
culty by other processes. It was my design to have employed the
super or bin-oxalate of potash, as recommended by Dumas, and in
that case, it would have been necessary to have washed the product
with lime water. Fortunately, however, my bottle containing that
article was mislaid, and, in its place, I substituted the oxalate of Am-
monia, uncertain what would be the precise result. My first notice of
this experiment, is contained in the Western Medical Gazette for Jan-
uary 15th of the present year, but as I have had opportunities since
that date of confirming the views then entertained, I think it may
not be unacceptable to chemical teachers, to give the subject a brief
notice, through the medium of a journal that has a wider circulation.
I repeat then, that I have obtained the carbonic oxide, of an ex-
cellent quality, independently of the use of lime water, or any other
agent, for the purpose of detaching carbonic acid, by the action of
sulphuric acid on the oxalate of ammonia. Take an ounce of the
oxalate, reduced to powder, and a drachm or two of sulphuric acid,
and put them into a six-ounce tubulated retort, and apply a very gen-
tle lamp heat. In a few minutes, large quantities of gas are evolved,

Cover of No. 6
ANODONTA VIRGATA. Cani Wordana
Monographe dare 1836
Lea
Description.
Shell subovate, thin and fragile, inflated; umbo prominent, distant
from the anterior extremity; beaks pointed, incurved, undulated; um- 3
bonial slope angulated; posterior margin arcuate, extremity angulat-
ed; basal margin dilated posteriorly; within bluish and iridescent;
cavity very capacious.
Observations,
This pretty Anodonta is related to A. undulata, Say, but can be
known by the posterior dilatation of the basal margin, which inclines
the outline to an ovate form, and by the rays, which are very numerous
and unequal, of a beautiful dark green, or the epidermis is green with
narrow pale rays, and much resembles Anodonta radiata, nob.; it is
comparatively shorter than that species.
This species was afforded me for description by Dr. Jacob Green,
Professor of Chemistry in Jefferson College. Mr. William Mason has
specimens from Buck Creek, Clarke county, Ohio.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ANADONTA.
ANADONTA CARINIFERA.
Shell narrow, elliptical, compressed, thin and fragile; anterior side
narrow, rounded at the extremity; posterior side produced, subcunei-
form, truncated at the extremity; hinge margin long, straight, elevated
or slightly ascending, from anterior to the posterior extremity; beaks
not elevated above the dorsal line; basal margin straight in the middle;
colour of epidermis olive-green inferiorly, darker above; hinge margin
without a callous. Length, 24 inches; height, 13 inch. Inhabits rivers
in Kentucky.
This species is in the fine collection of my friend Mr. John Phillips,
who informs me that it is from the Ohio or one of its tributaries below
Louisville. It has much the outline of Unio carinifera of Lam. (the
common variety of U. complanatus,) but is proportionally more elon-
gated, and the posterior extremity resembles that of Unio declivis,
except that it is truncated at the tip.
DIY, OF MOLLUSKS
Mr. Tig. Anthony died
at in 1877, aged 73
Col. & lewett died
Dr. P. P. Carpenter
Room 2009