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EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY;
OR
FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS
OF
RARE BEAUTIFUL, OR UNDESCRIBED
SHELLS,
DRAWN ON STONE FROM THE MOST SELECT SPECIMENS ;
THE DESCRIPTIONS SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE NATURAL SYSTEM
BY
WILLIAM SWAINSON, F.R.S. & F.L.S.
MEMBER OF THE WERNERIAN SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF NEW YORK, ETC.
SECOND EDITION,
EDITED BY
SYLVANUS HANLEY, B.A. OXFORD,
STUDENT AT LAW OF THE INNER TEMPLE, AUTHOR OF THE CONCHOLOGIST'S BOOK OF SPECIES.
LONDON:
HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
MDCCCXLI.

3

Museum
مرا
4.27.1939
ADVERTISEMENT.
;
It is a remarkable fact, that, while the perfection to which the Fine Arts have
attained in this country, is so great, as to be obvious in the embellishments of the
minor pamphlets which daily issue from the press, the delineations of Zoological
subjects in general remain uninfluenced by this universal improvement; and, with
a few exceptions, present lamentable deficiencies in design, drawing, perspective,
and the most common principles of light and shade ; any one of which would
not be tolerated, even in the frontispiece to the most humble of our periodical
publications.
The causes of this may be two-fold. Natural History in this country, until very
lately, has been little pursued, and still less estimated ; and, the publication of
works relating to it being attended with a great and inevitable expense, followed by
a comparatively small sale, the burden, in most instances, of engaging artists to
produce original designs has been avoided, by substituting those from books long
ago published; and thus, we have reiterated copies of the mis-shapen figures given
by the writers of the last century, perpetuated with all their glaring faults, in the
hot-pressed volumes of the present day.
The other cause may, perhaps, be attributed to an idea which many people
entertain, that only the slightest knowledge of drawing is necessary to represent a
Bird or a Shell, and that, if the first is painfully copied in the exact position it
stands in the Museum, and, if the latter has its due proportion of colour, every
thing is done. But they forget, that, in Birds particularly, every family has a
decided peculiarity of form and habit, and that all originally possessed the graceful-
ness of life and action, which does not remain with the preserved skin ; and, that,
to delineate a shell with a proper degree of accuracy, as complete a knowledge of
design, colouring, and chiaro-scuro, is requisite, as in painting a cabinet picture of
still life. To those who may doubt this assertion, a simple reference to the un-
rivalled plates of M. de Ferrusac's work on Land Shells, now publishing in Paris,
will be sufficient; while the exquisite designs of Barraband, for Le Vaillant's
Parakeets,” will evince a consummate knowledge of every principle necessary to
constitute a painter of first-rate eminence.
It may be proper in this place to notice Martyn's Universal Conchologist, par-
ticularly as that costly book suggested the idea of the present work. The plates
have an imposing effect, and many of them are not only beautiful but faithful
representations; the majority, however, though laboriously finished, betray an in-
a
66
9

4
ADVERTISEMENT.
correctness of drawing and a gaudiness of colouring, that renders the eye
often
incapable of recognising a well-known shell. The plates, also, from being but
slightly etched, and afterwards finished in body colours (which leaves so much to
those who perform the mechanical process of colouring), are so unequal, that
scarcely two copies will be found of the same subject that are alike ; an imperfection,
which, although it may lessen the appearance of the present work in the eyes of
many, has been carefully avoided, by finishing the plates in water-colours only, and
engraving in a decided manner all such delicate characters as belong to the species,
instead of leaving them to be put in by the uncertain ability of those who colour.
A few words may appear necessary on the general intention of this work, which
is simply that of bringing together a selection of the most rare, undescribed, and
beautiful Shells that can be procured; and although, in pursuing this plan, figures
of many will be given that are already scattered in the works of the last age, their
representations in general are so imperfect, that few, it is hoped, will regret the re-
petition. All the drawings are original, and executed by the author on stone; and
the letter-press is so contrived, that at the termination of the work the whole will
present a scientific arrangement.
With every endeavour to attain some degree of excellency, the author is fully
aware that numerous defects may be discovered in his delineations. Nevertheless,
the undertaking has been commenced under the primary wish of inducing others,
more competent than himself, to rescue this branch of the Fine Arts from the neglect
it has hitherto experienced, and at the same time to stimulate as much as possible
the increasing taste now manifested (particularly among the gentler sex) for a pur-
suit, which, while it brings together some of the most lovely of Nature's productions,
has furnished materials for deep and philosophic inquiry, not only into the nature
and economy of organized beings, but also into the formation of the planet which we
inhabit.
ADVERTISEMENT TO THE SECOND EDITION.
But few words are requisite to preface the second edition of the Exotic Con-
chology. Mr. Swainson on quitting England having left this beautiful work in an
unfinished condition, to me has been committed the task of reducing the whole into
systematic arrangement, of drawing up descriptions of species, and adding such
synomyms as the advanced state of Conchological knowledge might require. This
charge to the best of my power I have fulfilled, adopting that system of classification,
to the establishment and elucidation of which so many years of the author's lifetime
have been devoted.
S. H.

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
MOLLUSCA.
ORDER-GASTEROPODA.
TRIBE-ZOOPHAGA.
FAMILY-MURICIDÆ.
Pillar never plaited; shell spiral, the base narrowed, and either truncated or slightly
produced.
Sub-Family—MURICINÆ. Spire as long as the aperture: exterior rough, the whorls
marked with varices : aperture wide.
Genus-MUREX. Varices from three to five on each whorl; the inner lip smooth; the
spire much shorter than the aperture: an external groove at the upper angle of
the aperture.
Sub-Genus—PHYLLONOTUS. Canal moderate ; varices foliated, laciniated, compressed
or resembling leaves.
PHYLLONOTUS REGIUS. THE KINGLY ROCK SHELL.
Plate XV.
Testà ovato-subglobosâ, transversim sulcatâ, sexfariam duplicato-spinosâ ; spinis canalicu-
latis rubentibus : albo-lutescente posterius purpurascente : suturis fasciâ piceo-
nigrâ zonatis : labio interiore supra piceo-nigro, subtus roseo ; umbilico subtecto:
cauda sub-ascendente.
M. Regius, Wood's Cat. sup. Murex, fig. 13.
Shell roundish ovate, transversely furrowed, and armed with six broad varices,
each composed of two ranges of canaliculated pinkish spines ; colour yellowish-
white, becoming purplish towards the base, with a pitchy black enamel-like band
winding down the sutures, and expanding over the upper part of the inner lip, the
lower portion of which assumes the rich colour of the rose: umbilicus nearly if not
quite concealed by the projection of the inner lip. Size four inches. Habitat
South Seas. This lovely shell, although not rare, has been known to collectors but
comparatively a few years. It is usually met with in a polished condition, in which
state brown bands begird the body-whorl, and where they traverse the varices,

6
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
diversify them with masses of that same deep colour that characterises the inner
lip. The aperture is of slightly empurpled and brilliant white, with the position
of the varices distinguished by rosy horizontal markings. The M. Regius of
Chemnitz, vol. 13, is not this shell, but the M. Erythrostoma of the Zoological
Illustrations.
FAMILY-TURBINELLIDÆ.
Base of the shell produced into a long channel ; the spire generally short : the pillar
often toothed, outer lip thin.
Sub-Family-FUSINÆ. Shells generally fusiform and slender : the base elongated; the
spire lengthened and acute : pillar smooth, outer lip thin.
Genus-Fusus. Shell long, slender: both extremities much produced ; spire attenuated,
turrited, and of nearly equal length with the aperture.
F. ARUANUS. THE ARU TRUMPET.
Plate XIX.
Testâ fusiformi, ventricosâ, transversim sulcatâ, fulvo-rufescente; anfractibus angulatis,
supra planulatis, angulo tuberculis nodiformibus coronato ; spirâ parte superiore
proboscidiformi : apice mammillari : labro intus lævigato.
Murex Aruanus, Lin. Gmel. 3546. Dilw. p. 723, no. 84. .
Fusus Proboscidiferus, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 126. no. 14. Mart. 4. vig. 39. p. 143.
Rumph. 28. fig. 1. Bonan. Rec. & Kirch, 3. no. 101. Kiener's Fusus, pl. 17. &
17 bis. Wood's Cat. 26. fig. 87.
This Aru Trumpet at once attracts our attention by the extraordinary
appearance of the upper portion of its spire, which scarcely seems belonging to
the shell, and looks as though a Pupa had been inserted in the place of its natural
apex. The specimen we have figured is in an exceedingly young state, and certainly
differs much from the description we have given above ; its peculiar spire, how-
ever, at once betrays its parentage. It is of a much lighter colour, far less ventri-
cose, and its tail much longer in proportion than the adult shell, of which we will
now proceed to give a description.
Shell fusiform, ventricose, transversely grooved, tawny red, with the whorls
angulated and flattened above : the angle crowned with nodulous tubercles : the
upper part of the spire cylindrical and roughened with tubercular plaits, and
proboscidiform : apex mammillary : lip smooth within, Habitat New Guinea.
The specimens I have seen are usually about six inches in length, and not
very massive ; but if we may believe the older authors, they attain a far greater
size and thickness. From the description Linneus has left us of the S like form
of its pillars, I am inclined to think he had not seen the original shell, but had
.

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
7
drawn his characters from some of the many distorted figures that had appeared.
Martini's drawing approaches the nearest to our own, Rumphius and Kircher
representing it in a more advanced state of growth.
FAMILY-STROMBIDÆ.
Outer lip dilated, thickened internally, or detached from the preceding whorl by a sinus :
operculum small.
Sub-Family—STROMBINÆ. Outer lip considerably dilated, but never toothed ; spire
rarely longer than the aperture, with a sinus near the base.
Genus—PTEROCERA. Spire short ; outer lip considerably dilated, ascending and
attached to the spire, in general divided into linear processes ; basal lobe inflexed,
toothed : channel long.
P. AURANTIA. ORANGE-MOUTHED SCORPION.
Plate IX.
Testâ ovatâ, tuberculato-gibbosâ, transversim rugosa, albo et luteo nebulosâ ; labio exte-
riore 6 dactylis gracilibus, peracutis, inequalibus, (quorum tres vel quatuor laterales
sunt falcati) armato: margine dentato ; labio interiore crasso; caudâ prælongâ,
curva, gracillimâ : fauce aurantiâ, lævissimâ.
Lamarc Anx. sans V. 7. p. 198. no. 6. Chemnitz, vol. 10. tab. 158. fig. 1508-9.
Knorr. Vergn. vol. 5. tab. 4. fig. 3. Dilwyn Strombus Lambis, var. B. p. 658.
Crouch's Lamarc, tab. 18. fig. 4.
Ovate, gibbous, and girded with wrinkled furrows and ranges of nodosities;
clouded with white and brownish clay-colour ; the outer lip armed with six unequal,
very
acute and slender digitations, of which three or four of the lateral ones are
falcated; margin toothed; the interior lip thickened: tail smooth, very long,
slender and curved : aperture smooth, orange red. Length four inches and a half.
a
The form and direction of the claws, and the great thickness of the lower portion
of the inner lip, strongly characterise the shell. The mouth is always smooth, and
of a rich orange colour. It is not uncommon, and, according to Lamarc, comes to
us from the East Indies.
a
P. LACINIATA. THE CRESTED STROMB.
Plate XLVI.
Testâ ovato-oblongâ, tuberculiferâ, albo et luteo variâ, ultimi anfractus tuberculo, aliis
multò majore : spirâ exsertâ, nodosâ, acutâ : Jabro dilatato, latere replicato,
superne crenis profundis cristatim inciso; fauce roseâ.
Strombus Laciniatus, Dilw. p. 663. no. 15.
Strombus Cristatus, Lam. Anx. sans V.7. p. 202. no. 7. Seba, 3. tab. 62. fig. 3. Fav.
22. A 2. Chem. 10. tab. 158. f. 1506, 7. Wood's Strombus, no. 15.

8
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
8
The chief character of the genus Pterocera, which rests on the basal lobe of
the outer lip being turned inwards and generally toothed, having been hitherto
overlooked, has caused this shell to be included in the overburdened one of STROM-
BUS. We easily recognize the species by the peculiarity of its outer lip, which is
very much dilated, sinuated near the base, curved inwards in the middle, and
scolloped and laciniated towards its upper angle. For the rest, the shape is ovate-
oblong, transversely ribbed and nodolous, the colours white and yellowish orange,
the spire exserted and acute, the throat rosy and the mouth smooth. Length four
inches and a half. According to Chemnitz it is found in the East Indies.
GENUS-STROMBUS.
Outer lip entire ; the margin not inflected, with a deep sinus near the base, and the
upper
part not ascending to the top of the spire : basal lobe rarely inflexed and never
toothed.
S. TRICORNIS. THE HORNED WING-SHELL.
Plate XXXI.
Testâ turbinato-trigonâ, ponderosa, vel pallidâ vel albo et rufo longitudinaliter pictâ, nodis
tribus longitudinaliter compressis armato : labio exteriore inflexo, margine crasso,
supra attenuato et ultra acutam subnodosamque spiram producto; caudâ truncatâ :
aperturâ lævi, albâ.
Variety of S. Gallus, Dilw. p. 662. no. 14.
S. Tricornis, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 201. no. 4.
Var. A. Enc. Met. 408. fig. 1. & 409. fig. 2. Mart. 3. tab. 84. fig. 843. Lister, 873.
Sw. Il. Ist series, part 3, pl. 135. Wood's Cat. Sup. Stromb. no. 16.
Var. B. Mart. 3. tab. 84. fig. 844, 5. Young Shells. Seba, 62. fig. 36, 10. Mart.
3. fig. 847, 890.
Martini was the first conchological writer who separated this species from
S. Gallus of Linnæus, under which name were included three shells so different
from each other, that they hardly possess one character in common.
The one we
are describing is ponderous, triangularly turbinate, and armed with three longitudi-
nally compressed protuberances. Its outer lip is inflexed (the margin thickened)
attenuated above, and produced beyond its spire, which is acute and subnodulous :
channel truncated. Two varieties of this shell are met with ; the one we have
figured having the attenuated process of the lip much produced, the margin folded
inwards and the lip somewhat spatulate or spoon-shaped, the colour generally
white, slightly diversified with brown stripes or irregular spots, and the mouth pure
white : the other (var. B.) with the process of the lip shorter and the margin not

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
9
folded, the colour usually brownish, richly clouded and variegated with chesnut,
and the aperture tinged with pale red or rosy. I believe this species inhabits the
coast of America. It is a heavy shell, and sometimes measures seven inches in
extreme length.
S. GALLUS. THE ANGEL'S WING.
Plate XXXII.
Testâ turbinatâ, tuberculiferâ, transversim sulcatâ, albo et rufo variegatâ; ultimo anfractu
superne tuberculis magnis transversim compressis coronato ; tuberculis carina
transversâ coadunatis : labro tenui, intus (sit etiam columella) pallidè fulvo-
aurantio, supernè in lobum sæpius prælongum producto.
S. Gallus, Lin. Gmel. 3511. no. 11. Dilwyn, p. 662. no. 14. Lam. Anx, sans V. 7.
p. 201. no. 5. Lister, 874. Gault, 32 m. Seba, 3. tab. 62, fig. 1, 2. Mart. 3.
fig. 841, 842, 846. Knorr, part 4. tab. 12. fig. 1. Fav. 21. A 1. Wood's
STROMBUS, no. 12.
Shell turbinate, transversely ribbed, clouded with white and reddish-brown.
The body-whorl, is angulated near the suture and armed on the ridge with a range
of transversely compressed protuberances, which run up the short and acute spire,
lessening in size as they proceed upwards. The pillar and outer lip are of a beau-
tiful pale tawny orange, the former tapering downwards to an extremely fine point,
the latter, which is smooth and effuse, elegantly produced upwards into a more or
less linear lobe, which is frequently elevated far beyond the summit of the spire.
Length, exclusive of the lobe, four inches. Habitat Asiatic and American seas.
S. ALATUS. THE DARK WING-SHELL.
Plate XI.
Testâ turbinatâ, dorso levigatâ, basi spirâque transversim striatâ ; rufescente ultimo an-
fractu supernè obtuse angulato et tuberculis coronato : spira conico-acutâ, basi
subtuberculiferâ : labro intus striato, anterius lobo rotundato: columellâ fuscâ :
fauce purpurea.
Stromhus Alatus, Gmel. 3513. no. 14.
Strombus Pyrulatus, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 204. no. 13.
Strombus Pugilis, var. Dilwyn, p. 664. no. 17.
Schroet, Ein. 1. pl. 2. fig. 14.
Shell turbinate and reddish brown, with the body-whorl, which is smooth except
at the base where it is striated transversely, obtusely angulated above and crowned
with tubercles. The spire is acute, conical and striated, with spinous nodules
С

10
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
roughening the lower portion of its volutions. The outer lip furnished above with
a rounded lobe and striated within ; the pillar rich brown and the throat brilliant
purple. Length three inches. Locality ?
S. PACIFICUS.
THE WING-SHELL OF THE PACIFIC.
Plate XVII.
Testâ ovato-oblongâ, fulvâ, tuberculiferâ, transversim costatâ et nodulosâ ; labro supernè
lobo digitiformi terminato, infra dupliciter sinuato: labii interioris parte superiore,
maculâ magnâ spadiceâ, notatâ: caudâ ascendente : fauce striis exaratâ .
S. Auris Dianæ, var. C., Dilwyn, p. 664. no. 16.
S. Auris Dianæ, Shaw's Nat. Misc. 22. pl. 926. Martyn, fig. 1.
S. Nova Zelandia, Chem. 10. fig. 1485, 6.
This elegant shell was long ago distinguished by Chemnitz from S. Auris Dianæ,
with which it has doubtingly been associated by Dilwyn and other conchological
writers. The smoothness of the inner lip of the latter species would, of itself alone,
enable us to separate the two, but this indeed is far from being the sole distinctive
difference.
The Pacific Strombus is of a pale satin-like fawn colour, mottled with white, the
shape ovate oblong, slightly nodulous and ribbed towards the base, with a range of
sharpish protuberances at the upper angle of the body-whorl, running up the exserted
spire, which is somewhat longer in proportion than that of Auris Dianæ. The outer
lip, as in that shell, has its summit produced into a digitiform lobe, but the throat is
deeply furrowed. The pillar lip is pure white, with the higher portion of it stained
not inelegantly by a large chesnut-coloured spot ; and the beak at the base of the
aperture is long, tapering and ascending. If we may believe Martyn it is brought
to us from the Friendly Isles, and in length is about three inches.
S. MELANOSTOMUS. DARK-MOUTHED STROMB.
Plate XLVII.
Testâ ovato-oblongâ, transversim sulcatâ, tuberculato-nodosâ ; grisea, lineis fuscis longi-
tudinalibus sæpius undulatâ ; labro crasso, supra digitato ut in præcedente :
spirâ exserta, caudâ ascendente, recurvâ : fauce lævi, croceâ : ventre nigricante.
S. Auris Dianæ, var. B. Dilwyn, p. 664. no. 16. Lister, 872. fig. 27.
S. Adusta, Chemnitz, 10. tab. 184. fig. 1487, 8.
The general shape, the digitation of the lip, the exserted spire and ascending
beak, might lead us to confound this with the preceding species; but the smooth and

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY. .
11
us.
brilliant orange mouth and the deep brown hue of the pillar lip quickly undeceive
The colour is usually grey, with wavy brown longitudinal lineations, and broad
transverse bands at the thickened edge of the outer lip, which become obsolete ere
they meet the nodulous zones which gird its volutions. I know not its precise
locality. It averages in length three inches.
FAMILY_VOLUTIDÆ.
Shell destitute of a channel ; the base truncated and notched : the pillar marked with
folds or plaits: no operculnm.
Sub-Family-VOLUTINÆ. Spire shorter than the aperture, which is never striated ;
pillar with distinct plaits, the upper ones the shortest : tip of the spire papillary.
Genus—VOLUTA. Shell large and ventricose, the spire extremely short, very obtuse, and
papillary, the terminal whorls, where they exist, being smooth and unsculptured.
TURBINELLIFORM TYPE.
V. DIADEMA. THE DIADEM.
Plate VI.
Testâ ventricosâ, fulvo-aurantiâ aut albo marmoratâ aut venis longitudinalibus spadiceis
flexuosis subreticulata : spirâ spinis fornicatis rectiusculis coronatâ : columellâ
3-plicatâ.
V. Diadema, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 329. no. 2.
V. Ethiopica. var. E. Dilw. p. 574. no. 178. Gualt. 29. h. Marti. vol. 3. tab. 74.
fig. 780, 783. Enc. Met. 388. fig. 2. Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 7, 8.
Shell oval-ventricose, either marbled with white upon a ground of orange-
brown, or pale fulvous subreticulated by wavy masses of a deep chesnut. The first
few of the six or seven whorls which compose its short and mammillary spire are
smooth, but the last two are crowned with a range of moderate sized, concave, and
nearly erect spines, which however by age gradually disappear towards the outer
lip (a character not peculiar indeed to this species, but participated in by most if
not all the Crowned Melons.) The mouth is large, oval-oblong, pale yellow, and
sometimes bright orange, and the pillar is sculptured with three oblique plaits,
placed at equal distances from each other. In young individuals (in which state
we have figured it) the colours are usually lighter, and the markings resolve them-
selves into two rows of irregular-shaped maroon-coloured spots; whilst specimens
which have attained any considerable age, lose their mottled appearance and assume
a uniform tint. Size seven inches. Habitat Asiatic ocean,

12
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
V. TESSELLATA. THE NAVAL CROWN.
Plate XII.
Testâ ventricosissima, pallidè fulvo-rufescente nonnunquam seriebus 2 macularum fus-
carum ornatâ : spira brevissima, mammillari, spinis brevibus versus axem penitus
inflexis, coronatâ : columella 4-plicata.
Voluta Nautica, Lam. Anx. sans V. vol. 7. p. 329, no. 1.
Toluta Tessellata, Lam. Anx. sans V. vol. 7. p. 330. no. 5.
Voluta Ethiopica, var. A. Dilwyn, p. 574. no. 178. Mart. 3. tab. 74. fig. 881. & tab. 75.
fig. 685. Seba, 3. tab. 64. fig. 2. Enc. Met. 387. fig. 2. Lister, 797. Kiener,
Volutæ, pl. 2, 3.
Shell roundish-oval, very ventricose, almost as broad as it is high, pale fulvous
or yellow, with sometimes two rows of brown spots. Spire extremely short and
mammillary, the first whorls smooth, the last and preceding one crowned with
squamiform very flattened spines, which are bent down so as to conceal the apex.
.
perture very ample, oval-oblong, and of a pale flesh colour: pillar with four very
oblique plaits. Length eight inches, breadth five inches and a half. Habitat :
the Atlantic ocean.
VOLUTA ETHIOPICA. ETHIOPIAN CROWN.
Plate XXXIX.
Testà obovatâ, ventricosâ castaneâ : spinis brevibus, frequentibus, depressis, rectiusculis,
et in anfractum spiræ primum continuatis : columellâ 4, in junioribus 3 plicatâ.
V. Ethiopica, Lin. Gmel. 3465. no. 113, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 331. no. 6. Dilwyn,
p. 574. no. 178.
Var. A. entirely chesnut, Lister, 801. 7. B. Gualt. 29. 1. Mart. 3. tab. 75. fig. 784.
Enc. Met. 387. fig. 1. Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 5. Wood, pl. 21. fig. 175.
Var. B. with a pale obsolete band, Gualt. 29. H. Seba, 65. fig. 4, 11. tab. 66. fig. 9.
Mart. 3. tab. 73. fig. 778, 9.
Var. C. with two brown bands, Mart. 3. tab. 74. fig. 782.
The peculiarity of this common species, which is retained under the original
name of Linnæus, consists in the spines being more numerous and slender, but not
less crowded than in the preceding one ; like the spines of that shell, these also are
flattened on the upper surface, but instead of being greatly depressed on the spire,
are nearly straight and are often continued on the next and even succeeding volution.
Its shape is more oval, and its colouring, though never marbled or spotted, varies
considerably. The upper plait on the pillar in this shell, is very slender and in-
distinct, the spines are thick set and beautifully graduating to a very small size on

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
13
the first spiral whorl, and longitudinal lines of a paler colour than the general tint
run the whole length of the shell. Size four inches but frequently more.
Inhabits
the Asiatic ocean.
VOLUTA MELO. INDIAN SPOTTED MELON.
Plate XXII.
Testâ ventricosâ nonnumquam ventricosissimâ, albido-lutescente, maculis fuscis subtri-
seriatâ : spirâ lævi obtectâ : columellâ 4 plicatâ.
Voluta Indica, Gmelin, 3467. no. 120.
Voluta Melo, Lam. Ann. du Mus. p. 59. no. 6. and Anx. sans V. 7, p. 331. no. 7.
Dilwyn, p. 580. no. 188. Mart. 3. tab. 72. fig. 772,3. Enc. Met. 389. fig. 1.
Knorr, 5. tab. 8. fig. 1. Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 15. Wood's Cat. pl. 21. fig. 185.
Young. V. Præputium, Gmel. 3468. no. 124. Lister, 798, fig. 5. Chem. 10. tab. 148.
fig. 1391, 2.
a
Of this beautiful though common shell, not a tolerable coloured figure has yet
been published: its usual colour is a clear orange-tinted yellow, marked by rich
chesnut spots disposed in two or three transverse bands : in form it is oval-ventricose,
but subject to much variation; the spire is smooth and nearly concealed, and the
pillar four plaited. A character sometimes exists in this shell which in others is
not observable, of three or four remote slender indented striæ across the body-whorl.
The young shells of this and all the Melons have the spire of the same size as in
the full grown shell, when it becomes nearly covered by the body-whorl. Linnæus,
not being aware of this, has in several instances described them as distinct species.
No doubt can exist that his V. Præputium is no other than the young of this shell,
which is a native of the Indian seas. Size six inches.
* V. CYM-BIUM. NEPTUNE'S CAR.
Plate XXXIV.
Testà subovatâ albo rufoque marmoratâ; spirâ carinatâ, canaliculatâ, apice subglandiformi
conspicuo: columella triplicata.
V. Cymbium, Lin. Gmel. 3466. no. 114. Lam. Anx. sans V. p. 332. no. 9. Dilwyn,
p.576. no. 181. Lister, 796. f. 3. Gualt, 29 B. Seba, 3. tab. 65. fig. 8, 9. Mart.
3. tab. 70. fig. 763. Enc. Met. 386. fig. 3. Wood, Volutæ, 178. Brod. Mon.
Cymba, no. 9. Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 13. Blain, Mal. pl. 29. fig. 2. Sow. Gen.
* This excellent description I have extracted (together with those of Porcina, Olla and Rubiginosa)
from Broderip's Monograph of the genus CYMBA, a work far beyond the meed of praise of mine.

14
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
Shell angularly ovate, marbled with white and brownish red, covered with a
thin brown epidermis, which is coated for about one-third of the shell with an
enamel-like glaze, which takes its commencement near the pillar. The spire is
deeply carinated and channelled, exposing the subglandiform apex, and forming,
with the subreflected sharp upper border of the body-whorl, a wide spiral excava-
tion. The upper edge of the outer lip recedes from the spire. The pillar, which
is very much curved, has three plaits, and is bordered on the basal half with a rich
chesnut longitudinal band. Length five inches. Inhabits the African ocean,
V. OLLA. THE MELON.
Plate XXVI.
Testâ ovatâ, ventricosâ, pallidè luteo-fulvâ ; spirâ brevi, canaliculatâ, apice subconico
exserto : columellâ biplicatâ .
V. Olla, Gmel. 3466. no. 115. Lam. Ann. du Mus. pl. 60. no. 9. and Anx. sans V. 7.
p
353. no. 10. Dilwyn, pl. 578. no. 183. Gualt. 29. A. Mart. 3. tab. 72. fig.
772, 3. Lister, 794. fig. 1. Enc. Met. 385. fig. 2. Wood's Cat. Volutæ,
no. 180. BROD. CYMBA, fig. 1. Fay. 28. c. 2. Keiner, Volutæ, pl. 14.
Crouch's Lamarc, 19. fig. 9.
This species which though common is rarely met with in perfection, is ovate-
ventricose, pale fulvous, covered with a thin pale brown epidermis, which is coated
with an enamel-like glaze, from near the pillar to about two-thirds of the shell.
The subconical apex is exposed, as well as the spire, which last, together with the
upper part of the body-whorl, is rounded and deeply channelled. Size four inches,
Habitat : the Mediteranean.
V. RUBIGINOSA. BURNT-MOUTHED MELON,
Plate XXVIII.
Testâ elongatâ, subcylindricâ, pallidâ ; anfractûs basalis limbo, apicem supereminente :
columella triplicata, fauce rubiginosâ. In ætate provectis testâ tegmine vitreo pe-
nitus adopertâ ; in junioribus apex subconicus, exsertus.
Brod. Mon. Cymba, fig. 7. Wood's Cat. Sup. Voluta, fig. 23.
Shell elongated, irregularly cylindrical, pale, (except on and near the pillar
and in the aperture, where it is of a rich rusty brown,) covered with a pale brown
epidermis, which is entirely coated in old individuals with a brown enamel-like
glaze. The apex of the spire is almost obliterated, and the border of the spire

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY
15
and the body-whorl, which is not very sharp, is produced somewhat beyond it,
exposing a rounded excavated area, deeper but much more contracted than that of
Porcina. Pillar with three plaits. Size four inches. Habitat ?
In younger individuals the subconical apex, together with the spire, is exposed;
and the upper edge of the border of the body-whorl, which is sharper than it is
in old specimens, does not project beyond them : neither does the enamel-like
glaze, which in this stage of growth is thin and silvery, cover more than two-thirds
of the shell.
V. PORCINA. KEEL-MARGINED MELON.
Plate XXV.
Testâ subcylindricâ, pallidè fuscâ : anfractùs basalis limbo apicem subobsoletum vix supe-
eminente, patulo tantum non plano, subcarinato : columellâ biplicatâ. Apex in
junioribus exsertus.
V. Porcina, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 334. no. 12. Dilwyn, p. 577. no. 182. Adanson,
3, fig. 2. Seba, 3. tab. 65, fig. 5, 6. tab. 66. fig. 5. Mart. 3. tab. 70. fig. 764.
Enc. Met. 386. 2. Wood's Cat. Volutæ, no. 179. BROD. CYMBA, fig. 6. Kiener,
Volutæ, pl. 12. Sow. Conc. Man. fig. 434.
Shell subcylindrical, whiteish, covered with a thin ash-coloured epidermis,
which is coated by a silvery enamel-like pellicle extending over about two-thirds of
the shell. The apex is more visible than in V. Proboscidalis, but the spire is en-
tirely concealed, the upper border of the body-whorl is less reflected than in that
shell and the area though very open is less excavated ; its size also is very
inferior.
In fine specimens the aperture is of a rich brown. Pillar with two plaits. Senegal.
Length five inches and a half.
a
MURICIFORM TYPE.
V. MARMORATA. MARBLED VOLUTE.
Plate I.
Testâ ovato-oblongâ, subventricosâ, coronatâ : carneolâ, lineis fulvis longitudinalibus
angulato-flexuosis ornatâ : spirâ brevi, spinis brevibus muricatâ, apice autem conico,
lævi: columellâ 4 plicatâ.
Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 26. Wood's Cat. Sup. Volutæ, fig. 20.
Shell ovate-oblong, subventricose with a short and conical spire, composed of
eight subcarinated whorls roughened near their base by a range of short but sharp-
pointed tubercles. The body-whorl which is attenuated towards its lower extremity

16
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY. .
a
is crowned with a series of nine or ten muricated tubercles, becoming obsolete
towards the thin and acute outer lip which is detached from the spire, (whose apex
is smooth and unarmed,) by a deep sinus. The mouth is elongated and tolerably
large, the pillar rounded, oblique, and furnished with four large and equidistant
plaits. The colour of this excessively rare species, which appears to have been
unknown even to the indefatigable Lamarc, is pale pinkish fulvous, and graceful lines
of a rich brown traverse it lengthways in angular and distant waves.
The length
is four inches and a half, the breadth two inches and a quarter. From whence it
came is unknown to me, but a fine specimen is preserved in the valuable collection
of Mr. Lincoln.
V. CHRYSOSTOMA. GOLDEN-MOUTHED VOLUTE.
Plate XLV.
Testâ turbinatâ, tuberculis brevibus fornicatis acutis coronatâ : albâ lineis angulato-flexu-
osis, maculisque angularibus continuis rufo-fuscis longitudinaliter fasciata : spirâ
muricatâ: labro intus aureo: columellâ 4 plicatâ.
Voluta Luteostoma, Chem. 11. tab. 177. fig. 1707, 8.
Shell turbinate, oval, white, with angularly flexuous reticulated lines, and
rich red brown wavy and angular masses longitudinally arranged upon the body-
whorl, whose summit is crowned with short, vaulted and acute tubercles, which
extend up the first few succeeding whorls of the spire; the apex however is smooth
and mammillary; the pillar is pale yellow, and furnished with four strong but
not oblique plaits, and the aperture is brilliant gold colour. At first sight this
species might be taken for a variety of Vespertilio, from which it may be distin-
guished by difference of colouring and marking, the smallness and nearness of its
vaulted spines, the comparative shortness of its body-whorl, and the lovely hue of
the aperture. Two inches.
STROM BIFORM TYPE.
V. SCAPHA. THE HEAVY BOAT MELON.
Plates XIII. and XLVIII.
Testâ crassâ ponderosâ, turbinato-ventricosâ ; albidâ, lineis longitudinalibus angulato-
flexuosis rufis vel spadiceis undatâ : ultimo anfractu anterius obtusè angulato:
labio exteriore subalato : spirâ brevi crassâ : aperturâ albâ: columellâ 4 plicatâ.
Voluta Scapha, Gmel. Lin. 3468. Lam. Anx. sans 7. 7. p. 334. no. 13. Dilwyn, p. 573.
no. 175. Lister, 799. fig. 6. Mart. 3. tab. 72. fig. 774. and tab. 73. fig. 775, 6.
Enc. Met. 391. Seba, 64, fig. 5, 6. Gualt, 28. s. (bad). Wood, Volutæ,
fig. 172. Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 16, 17, 18. Chem. 13. fig. 3030.

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
17
Shell ponderous, unarmed, smooth and ventricose; the spire short, thick,
conical, mammillary and composed of five or six whorls, of which the last is very
large, subcarinated above and conoidiform. The mouth is elongated oblong, toler-
ably large, and of a milky white but sometimes tinged with brown. Where the outer
lip, which is slightly reflected, prominent and angulated above, is attached to the
body-whorl, a sinus presents itself, under which we see a canal corresponding to the
subcarinated ridge of the exterior, which in full grown individuals is slightly dilated.
The pillar is rounded, almost straight, usually covered with an enamel-like glaze,
and furnished with four plaits. The colouring is variable, but in the majority of
specimens, numerous wavy angulated reddish brown lines, crossed on the body-whorl
by two or three bands of large irregularly shaped spots of ferruginous brown, relieve
the darker or lighter fulvous which forms the ground of the shell. The apex is of
a pale maroon, the length three inches and a half and the habitat, the Cape of Good
Hope and the shores of India and Java.
a
ANCILLIFORM TYPE.
V. ANGULATA. ANGULATED MUSIC.
Plate XXXIV.
Testà elongatâ, inermi, epidermide vitrea tectâ: pallidè fulvâ, lineis, irregularibus, spa-
diceis, longitudinaliter undatâ : anfractu basali supernè angulato, supra plano :
spira brevi attenuatá, lævi, apice acuto: apertura effusâ, aurantii colore tinctâ :
columellá triplicatâ.
V. Nasica, Chem. 13. tab. 217. fig. 3031, 2. Kiener's Volutæ, pl. 38. Wood's Cat. sup.
Volutæ, fig. 21.
Fusiform oval, unarmed, covered with a glazed epidermis, smooth and polished,
pale fulvous adorned with longitudinal linear markings of a pale violet brown. The
spire which is composed of six or seven volutions is conical and very acute; the
body-whorl, attenuated towards the base, strongly angulated (except when immature)
and flattened above. The aperture is effuse, of an orange yellow and elongated oval,
and the outer lip acute and separated from the pillar by a wide and deep sinus,
whose lower part is furnished with three plaits. Length six inches, breadth two
inches and a half. The Southern Pacific ocean.*
* An absurd notion is entertained by the French naturalists respecting the locality of this shell ;
several of them assigning it to the more northerly part of the Atlantic ocean.
D

18
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY
GENUS—CYMBIOLA.
Spire more produced, but not more than half as long as the aperture ; the terminal whorls
regular and sculptured; plaits on the pillar, four.
C. NIVOSA. SNOW-SPOTTED VOLUTE.
Plate V.
Testâ ovatâ, aut muticâ aut brevibus et acutis tuberculis armatâ ; lividè helvina, maculis
niveis aspersâ ; fasciis duabus fusco-lineatis, lineolis interruptis, longitudinalibus,
serieque tertia linearum continuarum a suturis radiantium : columellâ quadri-
plicatâ.
Voluta Nivosa, Lam. Anx, sans V. 7. p. 337. no. 19. Ann. du Mus. 5. p. 58. tab. 13.
fig. 2. A. B. et 17. p. 64. no. 18. et 5. pl. 12. fig. 3. Wood's Cat. Volutæ,
no. 177. (not good). Dilwyn, p. 573. no. 174. Chemnitz, 13. tab. 216.
fig. 3025, 6. Shaw, Nat. Misc. 21. tab. 912. Kiener's Volutæ, pl. 34. Blain
Mal. pl. 29. fig. 1.
Shell ovate, either nearly devoid of tubercles or crowned with short spinous
tuberculations and angulated : livid flesh-colour, speckled with snowy spots, and
adorned by two bands of interrupted longitudinal brown lines, and a series of un-
broken ones radiating from the sutures; mouth of a deep yellowish buff colour; pillar
with four plaits. Length two inches and three-quarters. Habitat : New Holland.
Lamarc appears the first writer who has described this once rare and elegant
shell, whose general form approaches very near to the Bat Volute, particularly in
the tuberculated termination, and in being either nearly smooth, or armed with
short angular and obtuse spines. The mouth however is more effuse, and the pecu-
liarity of colouring is constant.
C. PACIFICA. MUSIC SHELL OF THE PACIFIC.
Plates XIV. and XLIII.
Testâ ovato-fusiformi, anfractibus anterius tuberculatis vel nodosis; pallidè fulva vel
carneâ ; venulis spadiceis, angulatis, fasciisque tribus fusco-maculatis ornatâ :
columellâ quinqueplicatâ.
V. Pacifica, Chemnitz, 11, tab. 178. fig. 1713, 4. Lam. Ann. du Mus. 70. no. 33.
V. Arabica, Gmelin, 3461. no. 144. Martyn, 2. pl. 52. Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 37.
Wood's Cat. Voluta, no. 153. Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. Voluta, no. 35. p. 544.
Dilwyn, p. 565. Voluta, no. 156.
Shell ovately fusiform, volutions nodulous or tuberculated above ; pale fulvous
or flesh-coloured, with deep chesnut angular veins, and three bands of irregular

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY. .
19
markings ; pillar with five plaits. Length three inches and a quarter. Habitat:
New Zealand.
Until lately this shell has been considered one of the most rare and valuable
shells of the genus. A few specimens have however been recently brought to
England by the South Sea vessels, principally, as I learn, from the Bay of Islands,
and have found their way into the London Collections; it is, nevertheless, a shell
very rarely seen. Two striking varieties appear to exist; one of which is nearly
smooth, or with only small tubercles; the other has large three-sided nodules on
the two lower volutions, and the terminal ones plaited. This variety is figured
from Mr. Dubois's cabinet ; it has the apex imperfect, but the aperture filled up by
the animal -a circumstance that occurs in two others in that gentleman's collection,
one of which is near half as large again. The smooth variety is in the possession
of C. Maud, Esq. and is remarkable for its perfection. It is often tinged with a
bright reddish colour, similar to V. Olla, but which is external, and not the real
colouring matter of the shell. Gmelin erroneously describes the number of plaits
as four instead of five. The mouth at the base is effuse, and the margin slightly
reflected.
C. TUBERCULATA. TUBERCULATED MUSIC.
Plate XXIX.
Testâ ventricosâ, anfractibus transversim sublevatis, tuberculatis : pallidè fulvâ, venulis
remotis, angulatis, spadiceis, undulatâ : spirâ brevi, attenuatâ ; apertura effusâ :
columellâ quinqueplicatâ.
Voluta Subnodosa, ? Leach, Zool. Misc. 1. tab. 8. fig. 24. Wood's Cat. Sup. Voluta,
no. 22. Kiener, Voluta, pl. 31.
a
Shell ventricose, whorls with an elevated transverse row of tubercles ; pale
fulvous, undulated by distant lines of an orange chesnut colour. Length three
inches and a half.
This is a new and undescribed Music; unless indeed the V. Subnodosa of Dr.
Leach is intended for this species, which it is impossible to ascertain, from the
brevity of the description, and insufficiency of the figure, neither of which expresses
the number of plaits, or the form of the mouth, &c. The only specimen of the
shell I have seen was purchased in Paris, and is now in my possession. Towards
the top of the body-whorl there is a slightly carinated elevation, broken into small
nodulous tubercles, which are continued on the three following volutions of the
spire; the two next whorls, which form the tip, are smooth, polished, and white.
The suture is prominent, the aperture effuse, and the pillar has five thick obtuse
3

20
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
plaits, of which the three middle are the largest The angulated markings on
on the
back are orange brown, and not disposed in bands. I am unacquainted with its
locality, which may probably be the Pacific ocean.
C. LUGUBRIS. MOURNING CYMBIOLA.
Plate XL
Testâ ovato-oblongâ, abbreviato pyriformi, lævi, albido flavescente, strigis, angustis, in-
terruptis, ferrugineis, longitudinaliter undatâ, nonnunquam cinereo-violascente
fasciata : spirâ brevi : columellâ quadriplicatâ.
Voluta Flavicans, Gmel. p. 3464. no. 105. Dilwyn, p 570. no. 168.
Voluta Volvacea, Lam. Ann. du Mus. 17. p. 72. Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 346. no. 41.
Mart. 3. tab. 95. fig. 922, 3. Seba, 3. tab. 67. fig. A. B. Wood's Cat. 21.
fig. 165.
This species, less remarkable for it beauty than its rarity and singularity, is
smooth, solid and ovate-oblong, very ventricose and turgid at the upper part of the
body-whorl, but with a spire so short, and a base so attenuated, as to become almost
pear-shaped. The outer lip is arcuated, the mouth white and the pillar furnished
with four strong and slightly oblique plaits. The colour is yellowish white, adorned
with flexuous and narrow streaks of a rust colour which are longitudinal and inter-
rupted, and sometimes marked with pale ashy-violet zones. Length two inches and
a half. Locality ?
Obs. In the figures we have quoted the shell appears not lineated but spotted.
The series of specimens in the British Museum, however, establishes their identity.
a
C. GRACILIS. SLENDER CYMBIOLA.
Plate XLII.
Testâ fusiformi, lævi, pallidè fulvâ, lineis spadiceis, angulato-flexuosis tantum non reti-
culatâ; ultimo anfructu mutico, spirâ tuberculato-plicatâ : columellâ quadri-
plicatâ.
This graceful shell is but a variety of Pacifica and not a distinct species. It
is fusiform, smooth with the spire roughened by blunt tubercular plaits, from which
the body-whorl is free.
free. The colour is that of pale burnt Sienna (a hue peculiarly
common to the Volutidæ) prettily variegated by numerous longitudinally waved
chesnut lines, so close as almost to form a network over the entire surface : the outer
lip is acute, the aperture whiteish and slightly empurpled, and the pillar furnished
a

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
21
with four plaits. Habitat, the Pacific. Length two inches. Kiener considers it a
variety of Magellanica.
Genus-HARPULA.
Spire developed as in the last, but the tip is generally more slender, and the plaits are
numerous.
H. HARPA. THE HARP VOLUTE.
Plate XLI.
Testâ ovato-oblonga, basi transversim sulcatâ, albo-luteolâ, lineis et maculis interruptis
aurantiacis transversim fasciata ; anfractibus subplanis angustis ; costis longitu-
dinalibus, distantibus, superne mucronatis ; columellâ plicis tribus majoribus,
cæteris minimis distinctâ.
Voluta Mitræformis, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 347. no. 43.
Voluta Anna, Lesson, Ill. de Zool. pl. 44. Kiener's Volatæ, p. 34. pl. 40. fig. 1.
Shell oval, with the spire tolerably long, pointed and terminated at the summit
by a small smooth and mammillary apex. The volutions which are in number seven,
and but slightly rounded, abruptly terminate and form an angle with the suture,
and are traversed longitudinally by ten or twelve mucronated ribs. The outer lip
is smooth and simple and the body-whorl but slightly longer than the spire, and
attenuated and furrowed at the base, and the pillar is arcuated and furnished with
three distinct plaits, above which are numerous grooves, but so indistinct that in
some specimens they are almost obsolete. The colour of this rare and beautiful
shell is whiteish, with the ribs elegantly marked, so as to form interrupted zones of
horizontal lines and square spots of orange, pink, or fulvous. It comes to us from
Japan, and is in length two inches.
GENUS-SCAPHELLA.
Shell smooth, almost polished; outer lip thickened internally: suture enamelled ; lower
plaits the smallest : apex of the spire various.
S. UNDULATA. WAVE-MARKED VOLUTE.
Plate XXVII.
Testâ ovato-fusiformi, lævigatâ, albido-flavescente, maculis fulvis aut violaceis nonnum-
quam nebulatâ : lineis spadiceis, longitudinalibus, crebris, undatim flexuosis :
columellæ plicis præcipuis quaternis, interdum duabus minoribus adjunctis.
Voluta Undulata, Ann. du Mus. 5. p. 157. pl. 12. fig. 1. et 17. p. 71. no. 36. Lam. Anx.
sans V. 7. p. 345. no. 38. Chemnitz, 13. tab. 216. fig. 3027, 8. Shaw's Nat.
Misc. 17. tab. 702. Crouch's Lamare, 19. fig. 22. Wood's Cat. Voluta, no. 166.
Kiener, Volutæ, pl. 44. fig. 1. Dilwyn, Voluta, no. 169. p. 571.

22
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
Shell ovate fusiform, smooth, yellowish white, not unfrequently clouded with
fulvous or violet-coloured spots; and adorned with numerous waved chesnut longi-
tudinal linear markings : mouth salmon-coloured : pillar with four principal plaits,
and at times with one or two smaller ones. Size three inches, though some speci-
which become paler by age, attain the larger proportions of four inches.
Habitat: New Holland.
mens,
S. JUNONIA. PEACOCK'S TAIL.
Plate XXXIII.
Testâ ovato-fusiformi, lævi, albo-flavescente sub epidermidè olivaceâ, maculis rubris sub-
quadratis seriatim tessellatâ : spirâ brevi, conicâ, mammillari sub apice cancellatâ ;
columellâ quadriplicatâ.
Voluta Junonia, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 345. no. 37. Dilwyn, p. 572. no. 173.
Chem. 11. pl. 177. fig. 1703, 4.
Fav. 97. A. Kiener's Volutæ, 45. fig. 1.
Wood's Cat. pl. 21. fig. 170.
The ground colour of this most rare and heautiful shell is yellowish-white,
diversified by numerous rows of somewhat square-shaped spots of a reddish brown,
and covered, when fresh, by an olive epidermis. It is smooth and polished, in shape
elongated oval, with the body-whorl more than twice the length of its short conical
and mammillary spire, and striated transversely at its attenuated base. The pillar
is furnished with four plaits which are nearly equal in size, the length is four inches
and a half, and the habitat the Gulf of Mexico.
S. ZEBRA. ZEBRA VOLUTA.
Plate XLIV.
Testâ ovato-oblongâ, crassa, lævi, albidâ, strigis luteo-rufis, longitudinalibus, angustis,
crebris, radiatim pictâ ; spirâ brevi, conicâ, obtusâ ; columellâ quadriplicatâ.
Marginella Radiata, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. pl. 356. no. 2.
Voluta Zebra, Dilwyn, p. 571. no. 167. Leach, Misc. 1. tab. 12. fig. 1. Kiener, Volutæ,
pl. 42. fig. 2. Wood's Cat. Voluta, no. 164.
Shell ovate oblong, thick, smooth, and polished, with a very short and obtuse
spire, greyish or pale reddish white, with numerous narrow and slightly undulated
stripes of a lighter or darker brown, running from the suture to the base. The last
whorl comprises two-thirds of the shell, and the outer lip is so strongly marginated,
that Lamarc has included it amongst the Marginellæ or Date Shells, from which it
chiefly differs (according to Kiener) by the disposition of its plaits (which are four

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
23
in number) upon the columella. New South Wales is the quarter from whence we
receive it; it averages in length an inch and a half.
S. MACULATA. THE SPOTTED SCAPHELLA.
Plate XXXVIII.
Testâ oblonga, lævi, nitidâ, oliviformi : luteo-fulvâ, ultimo anfractu tribus fasciis macu-
larum fusco-purpurascentium, ornato : apertura rectâ, elongatâ, pallide fusces-
cente : spirâ brevi, conicâ : columellâ quadriplicatâ, haud gibbâ.
Variety V. Pallida ? Kiener's Volutæ, pl. 30. Grif. Cuv. Mollusca, pl. 30.
Shell small, oblong, subcylindrical, attenuated at its extremities, smooth, and
polished ; of a yellowish grey or pale fulvous passing into yellow, with the body-
whorl adorned with three bands of purplish brown spots of far greater length than
breadth, arranged one below the suture, the second half-way down and the third
close to the base. The mouth which is of a paleish brown is straight and elongated,
the pillar furnished with four plaits and never gibbous, whilst the spire is short and
conical, and composed of six or seven indistinctly separated volutions. The length
of this rare Australian Shell is two inches and a quarter.
S. ELONGATA. ELONGATED MUSIC.
Plates XX. and XXI.
Testà oblongâ pallidè fulvâ, lineis fuscis, undatis, longitudinaliter pictâ ; spirâ mediocre,
attenuatâ, tantum non lævi, anfractibus supernè depressis ; columellâ medio leviter
crassescente, sexplicatâ.
Voluta Fusus, Quoy's Astrolabe, pl. 44, fig. 7, 8. Kiener's Volutæ, pl. 39. & 45. fig. 2.
A single shell of this elegantly formed and unknown species, was brought by a
South Sea trader from the Bay of Islands. Its characters are strikingly dissimilar
from all the described species, though in general form it approaches Voluta Mag-
nifica, and in markings Pacifica. With the exception of a few faintly marked and
nearly obsolete plaits on the under side of the body-whorl, and the following volution
the shell is quite smooth. The shape is oblong, with its spire attenuated and of a
moderate size, the colour pale fulvous, with longitudinal brown wavy or angulated
markings, and the outer lip is thickened and reflected. The pillar is nearly straight,
thickened in the middle, provided with four plaits, and accompanied in old indivi-
duals by a callosity which expands towards the base of the shell, and projects con-
siderably. The suture is compressed on the succeeding volution, and slightly
wrinkled. Though not very perfect our specimen is nearly unique, and the most

24
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
rare of this beautiful and noble family. Length five inches, breadth two inches.
Aberrant.
Obs. An eminent Conchologist has informed me that this shell is but a
variety of Pacifica.
SUB-FAMILY--MITRANÆ.
Spire produced, acute, generally as long or longer than the aperture, plaits 4–5, the
lower the smallest.
Genus- MITRA. No internal channel or groove at the upper extremity of the aperture ;
outer lip curved from its two extremities; the base of the aperture not contracted,
the interior always smooth : spire lengthened and acute : shell without coronating
tubercles, but not polished ; (representing the Volutæ and Turbinellidæ).
Sub-genus—MITRA. Shell entirely smooth, or with the sutures very slightly crenated :
aperture very effuse at the base.
M. PERTUSA. PUNCTURED MITRE.
Plate XXX.
Testâ ovato-acutâ, lineis transversis impresso-punctatâ, albidâ, maculis, spadiceis, inter-
ruptis, fasciata : ultimo anfractu macularum majorum ejusdem coloris seriebus
2 ornato : aperturâ albâ, labio exteriore denticulato : columellâ 5 plicatâ.
Mitra Cardinalis, Lam. Anx. sans V. 7. p. 301. no. 6.
.
Mitra Archiepiscopalis, Lam. Anx. sans V.7. p. 302. no. 7,
Mitra Pertusa, Sow. Gen.
Voluta Pertusa, Dilwyn, 558. no. 144. Lister, 838. fig. 65. Gault. 53. fig. G. ad
dexteram & L. and tab. 54. fig. H. Enc. Met. 369. 1. A. B. & 3. A. B. Mart. 4.
pl. 147. fig. 1358, 9. Knorr, Vergn. 4. pl. 28. fig. 3. Wood's Cat. Volutæ,
fig. 141. Kiener's Mitræ, pl. 3. fig. 6, 6. A.
Shell oval-acute with the body-whorl longer than the spire: whorls rounded,
marked horizontally with minute punctures, white with numerous spiral rows of
small spots of chesnut brown and a band of irregular splotches of the same colour
just below the suture ; the body-whorl furnished with a second one in the centre.
The mouth white, the outer lip denticulated and the pillar with five plaits. Indian
. Two inches and a half.
a
ocean.
a
MITRA GLABRA, SMOOTH MITRE.
Plate XVIII.
Testâ turrito-subulatâ lævi, nitidâ, aurantio-fulva : anfractibus convexis, transversim obso-
letè striatis : aperturâ abbreviatâ ; spiræ apice crassâ : columellâ quadriplicatâ.
Mitra Buccinata, Quoy's Astrolabe, pl. 45 bis. fig. 14, 15. Kiener's Mitræ, pl. 11.
Wood's Cat. sup. Volutæ, fig.

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
25
This smooth and elegant shell might at first sight be almost taken for an old
specimen of Mitra Striatula. The colour is a beautiful tawny orange diversified
by lighter and darker longitudinal shades. The volutions, of which there are eight
or nine, are slightly rounded, separated by an indistinct suture and obsoletely
striated transversely. The outer lip is smooth and thin, and the whole shell when
perfect, covered with an olive brown epidermis. Pillar with four plaits, the last
however scarcely apparent. New Holland. Length three inches.
FAMILY-CYPREADÆ.
Oval ; polished ; spire entirely concealed : aperture as long as the shell, narrow, and open
at each end: outer lip generally thickened and inflected.
Sub-Family-CYPRÆINÆ. Inner lip striated, or toothed.
Genus—CYPREA. Shell always entirely smooth : the extremities of the aperture obtuse :
the teeth marginal, and not extending over the circumference of the lips.
C. PULCHELLA.* PRETTY COWRY.
Plate XXXV.
Testâ, ovatâ, albidâ, obscure fasciatâ, fulvo punctata, maculis dorsalibus, duobus, fulvis,
irregularibus signatâ ; lateribus albo-flavescentibus, nigro-fusco-guttatis : basi
convexâ, striatâ ; striis elevatis spadiceis.
Gray, Mon. Cyp. Zool. J. 1. p. 379. no. 42. Swainson, Phil. Mag. lxi. 376. Sow. Conc.
Il. Cypreæ, fig. 40.
Shell ovate or suboblong-ovate, white, with very obscure broad purplish bands :
the back irregularly clouded with minute yellowish-fulvous dots, and ornamented with
two irregular squareish fuscous dorsal spots: sides yellowish white, with a few
largeish round blackish brown spots, and dark brown at the ends. The spire con-
cave, covered; the base convex: the teeth narrow, small, distinct, brown, extending
like ribs nearly to the margin half-way over the inner lip: front part of the colu-
mella rather concave, plaited. Axis fifteen-sixteenths of an inch, diameter five-
sixteenths of an inch.
* This excellent description is extracted from the monograph of the family by Mr. Gray, from whose
talents and kindness I have derived much assistance in this work,
E

26
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
ORDER-PHYTOPHAGA.
-
Family-HELICIDÆ. Shell light turbinated or spiral, the aperture always entire, rarely
closed by an operculum, and sometimes only rudimentary.
Sub-Family—ACHATINÆ. Shell spiral : aperture oblong or oval, always equal, and
generally shorter than the spire.
Genus-ACHATINA. Outer lip always thin ; base of the pillar truncated, or sinuated,
before it joins the outer lip.
Sub-Genus-- ACHATINA PROPER. Oblong, body whorl ventricose : surface smooth, spire
variable, outer lip without any lobe.
A. SULTANA. THE SULTANA SHELL.
Plate X.
Testâ ventricoso-conicâ, tenuissimâ, fragili, diaphanâ, longitudinaliter et tenuissimè striatâ,
olivaceo-fuscescente, lineis rufis, longitudinalibus, flexuosis, confertis, pictâ : ultimo
anfractu, fasciis tribus fusco alboque articulatis, cincto : aperturâ patulâ, labro,
acuto : spirâ depressâ.
Helix Gallina Sultana, Chem. 11. tab. 210. fig. 2070, 1. Dilwyn, p. 920.
Bubinus, Lamarc, 6. p. 117. no. 3.
117. no. 3. Wood's Cat. Helix, fig. 75. Fav. 1. fig. 47. Spix,
Test. Braz. p. 9. pl. 9. fig. 11. Ferus. no. 338. pl. 117. fig. 2.
Shell conic and ventricose, very thin, fragile and transparent, finely striated
perpendicularly, of a light olive brown, painted with longitudinally flexuous crowded
brown lines, and the last whorl girt with three articulated bands (one of which
the spire) of white and brown somewhat crescent shaped markings: aper-
ture patulous and ovate : lip acute, spire depressed : length two inches and a
quarter. Habitat Guiana and Brazils.
winds up
A. MARGINATA, (VARIETY). MARGINED ACHATINA.
Plate II.
Testâ ovato-oblongâ, strigis inæqualibus ferrugineis : spirâ ad apicem obtusâ, quinque-
voluta : suturâ depressâ, lineâ sulcatâ marginali.
Zool. Illust. Ist series, pl. 30. Swainson's Malacology, p. 170. List. 579. fig. 34.
Gualt. 45. B. Knorr, 4. tab. 24. fig. 1. (badly coloured). Sow. Gen.
Not having seen any shells exactly corresponding with Mr. Swainson's figures,
I have extracted his own description from the first series of the Zoological Illustra-
tions, premising however that a most distinguished naturalist has assured me that it
is by no means a new species, but the Bulla Purpurea of the older writers. This
statement Knorr's figure (refered to by Mr. S.) tends greatly to confirm.
“ This rare shell has hitherto been overlooked as a variety of the Linnean

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
27
D
Bulla Achatina ; the colour of both is subject to much variation. The spire of five
whorls, the last or terminal one very small and flattened, the apex obtuse, the suture
depressed as if flattened on the shell, and margined by one or sometimes two
indented lines, parallel, and at the top of each whorl. In the colour of its mouth
it varies, in sometimes having a tinge of rose colour at the base and top of the spire,
but the mouth is usually white. The body-whorl is more or less ventricose, the
outer lip is a little reflected, and the whole shell when full grown much thicker and
heavier than any of the other species. The epidermis is yellowish brown, beneath
which the shell is nearly white, beautifully marked with broad remote stripes of
chesnut. Size three inches and a half. Habitat Guinea.”
Our present variety is smaller and more polished, of a pinkish hue, and the
stripes darker and more defined.
a
SUB-GENUS-COCHLYCOPA.
Oblong, body-whorl slender : surface striated : spire variable: outer lip with a prominent
lobe near the base.
C. MACULATA. SPOTTED COCHLYCOPA,
Plate XXIII.
Testâ ovatâ, ventricoso-conicâ, tenui, lævi, diaphana, fulvo-rosea, punctis quadratis, rubro-
castaneis, remotis, per lineas transversas dispositis : spirâ brevi; columellâ sinuata :
aperturâ patulâ : labro acuto.
Buccinum Stercus Pulicum, Chem. 9. pl. 120. fig. 1026, 7.
Bulla Stercus Pulicum, Gmel. p.
3654. no. 198.
Bulimus Priamus, Brug. Dic. no. 104.
Helix Priamus, Ferus. no. 356. pl. 135. fig. 5.
Bullo Priamus, Dilwyn, p. 493. no. 51.
Achatina Priamus, Lam. Anx. sans V. 6. p. 131. no. 12.
Helix Priapus, Gmel. p. 3654. no. 198. Gronov. Zoop. pl. 19. fig. 10, 11. Favanne,
pl. 2. fig. 129. Wood's Cat. Bulla, fig. 51.
a
This fragile and semi-transparent shell is smooth, ventricose, and conically ovate,
with a short spire, an acute lip and a sinuated pillar. The colour is that of Cinna-
mon, ornamented with several horizontal rows of squareish spots of a darker hue.
The body-whorl constitutes three-fifths of the whole. Length two inches and a
half. Locality (so says Chemnitz) Guinea and the West Indies.
According to Mr. Beck,* a Danish Naturalist who has bestowed much attention
on the study of Conchology, this species, however much in appearance it may re-
* Substance of a note by Destrayes in his recent edition of Lamarc.

28
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
semble a land shell, is an operculated marine mollusc and found alive in the seas of
Spain and Portugal. Should this statement prove correct, the Cochlycopa maculata
must form a genus of which it is the sole species, akin on the one hand to Stru-
THIOLARIA, on the other to certain BUCCINUMS.
ORDER-DITHYRA. BIVALVE SHELLS.
TRIBE-ATRACHIA.
-
FAMILY-UNIONIDÆ.
Animal fluviatile: shell solid, perlaceous ; generally with cardinal and lateral teeth.
Sub-Family - UNIONINÆ. One valve with two cardinal and two lateral teeth : cardinal
teeth short : the umbones or bosses smooth, or longitudinally undulated.
Genus— MYSCA. Shell elongated oblong ovate ; cardinal teeth compressed and crenated ;
the outer sharp, and almost parallel with the anterior margin.
Sub-Genus—LYMNADEA. Posterior hinge margin elevated and winged ; the valves con-
nate, the surface smooth.
L. ALATA. THE WINGED LYMNADIA.
Plate VII.
Testâ magnâ, ovato-trigonâ, transversim striatâ ; pube in alam maximam elevatâ ; valvis
margine connatis : ligamento occultato.
Unio Alatus, Say Encyc. Amer. Conch. pl. 4. fig. 2. Barnes' Sillim. Journal, 6. p.
260.
no. 12. Deshayes, Enc. Met. vers. t. 2. p. 583. no. 14. Lam. Anx. sans V. 6.
p. 76. no. 28.
Symphonota Alata, Lea on Unio, p. 62. no. 3.
Unio Alatus, Sowerby's Gen. fig. 5. Wood's Cat. Sup. Mya, fig. 3.
a
The subgenus Lymnadea is so natural a one, and so deservedly separated from
the more typical Uniones that M. Le Seur (as quoted by Lamarc) nearly twenty
years ago, proposed its being severed from them. The alata is one of the most
. ALATA
remarkable shells of the sub-family, not so much on account of its beauty, but as
holding a more isolated position than any yet noticed. That it has a strong resem-
blance to ANODON is indisputable, but that it has a much stronger one to the Uniones,
cannot be questioned. Now every one who draws the distinction between analogy
and affinity immediately perceives, that the first of these resemblances is purely
analogical, while the other as Lamarc, Say, and Barnes have correctly judged, is one
of absolute affinity. At present, the species stands almost alone as the representative
of that sub-genus which typifies the Anodons. In conformity with this analogy, we
find the posterior dorsal margin, remarkably elevated, dilated, and winged, (so that
a careless observer might place it amongst the Hyria's, from which however, the dif-
ference of teeth, and the latter being auriculated both posteriorly and anteriorly,

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
29
clearly distinguish it.) The ligament also is connate and entirely covered by a
prolongation of the testaceous matter of the valves, the bosses small, and the shell
itself ovate-trigonal and depressed. The cardinal teeth are very peculiar ; they are
compressed and crenated like those of mysca, but the inner one is generally the
largest, and the direction of the grove which separates them is either perpendicular,
or diverges from the anterior margin of the shell. The colour is dark olive, and
the inside pearly. Inhabits Lake Champlain, St. George, &c. in North America.
Extreme breadth three inches and a half.
a
-
-
SUB-FAMILY-HYRIANÆ.
Bosses longitudinally furrowed : cardinal teeth long, compressed, placed on one side of the
bosses ; hinge margin winged.
Genus-HYRIA. Hinge margin straight; both extremities elevated and winged: cardinal
teeth very long, and resembling lateral teeth.
HYRIA ELONGATA.
Plate XXIV.
Testâ elongatâ, oblongo-trigonâ, fuscà, margine superiore propè recto, umbonibus de-
pressis ; auriculis magnis caudatim productis, latere posterioris valdè incurvo.
The peculiar separating character of the Hyrianæ as distinct from the Unioninæ,
is, that the umbones or bosses are sulcated, not longitudinally but, if at all, trans-
versely. The present decidedly new species reminds us of the common Mytilus
Hirundo of Linneus, both in shape and colouring. It is triangularly oblong, striated
by the lines of growth, and of a deep rich brown, with the interior pearly. It differs
from the H. Avicularis in its more lengthened shape, the comparative smallness and
deeper incurvation of the side of its posterior wing, the greater straightness of the
hinge margin and consequent less projection of the wide umbones. Size three inches.
Locality ?
SUB-FAMILY-ANODONTINÆ.
Cardinal teeth none; lateral teeth extending along the hinge, or entirely wanting : hinge
margin generally winged.
Genus—ANODON. Doubly winged: no lamellar or other teeth.
ANODON SINUOSIS. CURVED ANODON.
Plate XVI.
Testâ ovali, olivaceâ, inæquilaterali, transversim striatâ ; anterius, supernè incurvâ, coar-
colatâ, propè truncatâ ; marginis inferioris medio, incurvo ; lineâ cardinali undato-
sinuosâ : natibus prominulis, lævigatis, erosis : interiore facie margaritaceâ.
Anodon Sinuosa, Lam. Anx. sans V. 6. p. 87. no. 14. Enc. Met. 203. fig. 2. A. B.

30
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
Were this species, but slightly more truncated anteriorly, found lying upon a
beach, and the closed valves not examined for their hinge, few would hesitate to term
it Mya Truncata so nearly does its outline (though rather too long horizontally)
resemble that shell. But to speak more technically. Its shape is oval, with the
anterior extremity of the upper margin deeply incurved and contracted, and the
hinge margin of course corresponding in its sinuosity. It is inequilateral, the pos-
terior end running almost parallel with the base or lower margin, which is incurved
beneath the hinge, whilst the anterior extremity which is far shorter, ends abruptly
and forms an obtuse angle. The umbones or bosses are smooth, eroded so as to
show the nacre and far from prominent. The interior is brilliant mother of pearl,
slightly tinged with pink, and the outer coating is uniform olive green. Length
three inches. Locality?
.
GENUS-PATULARIA.
Shell nearly equilateral round or cordate ; no teeth.
PATULARIA OVATA. TRAPEZIFORM PATULARIA,
Plate XXXVI.
Testâ transversim ovata, fragili, tumidâ, pallidè olivaceo-lutescente, posticè subradiatâ :
lineâ cardinali recta : pube elevatâ, compresso alatâ ; natibus prominulis lævigatis ;
facie interiore margaritaceâ, purpureo sub umbonibus pictâ.
Anodonta Trapezialis, Lam. Anx. sans V. 6. p. 87. no. 11. Crouch's Lam. 9. fig. 7.
Enc, Met. 205. fig. 1. A. B. Chem. 8. pl. 86. fig. 762.
This genus, the prototype of Anodoninæ in the circle of the Unionidæ, is
characterised by the umbones being remarkably swollen or ventricose, and the shell
almost round. The present species however, does not participate in the latter cha-
racter so much as its congeners, its general shape being ovate, with the hinge
margin straight, somewhat ascending towards the posterior end, and forming obtuse
angles at both extremities, (which owing to the great convexity of the valves
are depressed) so as to give the fragile shell an almost winged appearance. The bosses
are very broad, smooth and prominent, and of a pale blue, whilst the rest of the
surface is covered by a light yellowish olive epidermis, semi-radiated towards the
posterior end by lines of a darker hue. The interior is pearly, with purple blotches
beneath the umbones. Size three inches and a quarter. Locality ?
The specific name TRAPEZIALIS given to it by Lamarc some time previously to
Mr. Swainson's appellation, must of course replace the latter.
a

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
31
PATULARIA ROTUNDATA. ROUND PATULARIA.
Plate XXXVII.
Testâ ovato-rotundatâ, inæquilaterali, magnâ, tumidâ, transversim striatâ, olivaceo-nigres-
cente ;
lineâ cardinali haud rectâ : anticè rotundatâ ; postico latere longiore,
superne subalato subtùs subangulato, margine sinuoso : natibus prominulis, trans-
versè sulcatis : intus margaritace
This species far inferior in elegance to the last, cannot even claim to be con-
sidered good looking, so sombre an appearance does the dark and unrelieved olive
of its epidermis give the shell. It is decidedly larger and coarser than Ovata and
far rounder, with the striæ more apparent, the hinge margin curved and the um-
bones sulcated transversely. The sudden depression of the posterior slope raises an
angle running down from the bosses to the lowest extremity of the margin on that
side, which latter, after forming a slight beak, meets the hinge margin with much
sinuation. The slope is obliquely grooved, the anterior end rounded, the valves
convex, and the inside pearly. Breadth four inches. Locality ?
FAMILY—AVICULIDÆ.
Animal attached, byssiferous : shells lamellar, internally perlaceous : the valves generally
gaping.
Genus—MUTILUS. Oblong, transverse, the bosses small, close to the anterior margin :
both extremities rounded ; hinge margin straight, and generally forming an angle :
valves not always gaping, teeth (except in BRACHIDONTES) none.
Sub-Genus–MODIOLA, Umbones prominent, not terminal, hinge margin considerably
angulated : the shell smooth and toothless : valves slightly gaping.
MODIOLA ELONGATA. LENGTHENED MODIOLA.
Plate VIII.
Testâ elongato-angustâ, depresso-cylindraceâ lævigatâ ; spadiceâ ; margine superiore
recto, subalæformi, depresso, inferiore vix arcuato : interiore facie margaritaceâ.
This far from inelegant shell might possibly be confounded with the descriptions
of certain species by Lamarc, but careful comparison will prove its distinctness. Its
peculiar elongated appearance (from which character it derives its name) gives it
the semblance of a winged Lithodomus, none however could fall into the error of
including it amongst them. The hinge margin is notable for its straightness, and
the almost entire freedom from arcuation of its lower margin, would of itself alone
separate it from most of the Modiolæ. For the rest, the colour is chesnut, the inte-
rior nacre brilliant, the surface merely striated by the lines of growth, the shape
depressed-cylindraceous, transversely elongated, and all but winged. Three inches.
Locality ?

32
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
APPENDIX.
Containing Mr. Swainson’s Descriptions of the unfigured Shells of the First Edition,
together with those described by him in Bligh's Catalogue.
PTEROCERA NODOSA. PURPLE-MOUTHED SCORPION.
P. Testæ labio exteriore processibus 6 tuberculatis compressis armato ; margine dentato
aperturâ intus purpureâ, costis albis striatâ, ad marginem aurantiacâ.
Outer lip with six tuberculated compressed processes; the margin toothed ; aperture
within, purple striated with white ribs, and margined with orange.
Strombus Scorpius, Gmelin, 3508. 4. Seba, tab. 82. 11. 15.
P. Nodosa, Brug. Ency. Meth. pl. 410. 2. Rumph. tab. 36. K.
The name of Bruguiere is so very characteristic of this species, that I think it will justify its
adoption in preference to the original but unmeaning one given by Linnæus. It is the most
beautiful of the genus. The throat is of the darkest purple, vivid at its edges, and crossed by
white elevated striæ; the ground colour of the inner lip being brownish. The tubercles are
always opposite each other. When young, the inside border of the inner lip is flesh colour. It
is not common, and fine specimens come from the Isle of France.
PTEROCERA ROBUSTA. THICK-CLAWED SCORPION.
P. Testa labio exteriore processibus 6 vel 7 crassis, subcylindraceis, tantùm non rectis
armato ; aperturâ fuscâ, costis albis densis inæqualibus ; canali subrectâ.
Outer lip with six or seven thick, rounded, nearly straight processes ; aperture brown,
with thick, unequal, white ribs, channel nearly straight.
Very distinct, but nearest allied to P. Nodosa ; the claws, instead of being as in that
slender, compressed, and knobbed, are thick, round, and smooth ; it is a stout heavy shell. The
throat dark brown, with thick irregular ribs. It is very rare, and neither figured nor described.
PTEROCERA ELONGATA.
SHORT-CLAWED SCORPION.
P. Testæ labio exteriore processibus 8 brevibus, latis, compressis armato; spirâ productâ ;
aperturâ striatâ.
Outer lip with eight short, broad, and compressed processes ; aperture striated ; spire
lengthened.
Lister, 868. 23. Martini, 10. tab. 155. f. 1479 & 1480.
P. Millepeda, Brug. Ency. Meth. 410. fig. 1. a. 6.

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
33
a
This is so very distinct a shell from the true Millepeda, that it is surprising Bruguiere
should have continued the error of placing it as the same species: his figure, however, is very
good. The claws are very short and dilated, and the spire always lengthened. Mr. Dubois has
the finest example of this rare shell I have ever seen.
PTEROCERA MILLEPEDA. MANY-CLAWED SCORPION.
P. Testæ labio exteriore processibus 9 falcatis, leviter compressis, armato; spirâ brevi ;
aperturâ striatâ.
Outer lip with nine curved, slightly compressed processes ; spire short, aperture striated.
Lister, 869. 23. Martini, 3. tab. 88. f. 861 & 2. Seba, 3. tab. 82.
Young, Martini, 3. tab. 93. 906 & 7.
Although not uncommon in a young state, this shell is rarely seen well grown, nor have I
ever heard of a specimen in full perfection. The figures and specific characters will so easily
point out the dissimilarity between this and the last, that no further reasons for separating them
appear necessary. It
It may however be observed, that the lip in this is always reflected, and in
P. Elongata inflected.
PTEROCERA VIOLACEA. WHITE PURPLE-MOUTHED SCORPION.
P. Testæ labio exteriore processibus 10 brevibus, compressis, (2 superioribus divaricatis)
armato ; canali brevi ; aperturâ labiisque albis, costatis, intus purpureis.
Outer lip with ten short compressed processes ; the two upper divaricated; channel short;
aperture and lips white, ribbed, and within purple.
Martini, vol. 10. tab. 157, pl. 1494 & 5.
a
The most delicate, and one of the rarest species. Excepting the throat, which is of a
beautiful purple violet, the mouth is pure white, marked by regular and delicate ribs, larger
and more distant on the inner lip, which is faintly tinged with purple ; the margin is a little
reflected; the claws flattened, and the two upper ones much divaricated; the back is white.
Beautiful specimens were collected by Lord Valentia (now Earl of Mountnorris) in the Red Sea;
and to this nobleman we are indebted for the knowledge of a vast number of new shells collected
during his Oriental travels.
a
R

34
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY,
APPENDIX OF THE BLIGH CATALOGUE.
HALIOTIS GLABRA, (OF SWAINSON).
Testâ obtusè ovatâ, depressa, latâ, obsoletè striata, intus lævi; spirâ ampla ; labio exte-
riore rotundato : margine antico gibbo : foraminibus minimis, numerosis, ovatis,
sublævibus.
Shell obtusely oval, depressed, broad, obsoletely striated, within smooth : spire ample ;
exterior lip rounded, the top gibbous : perforations minute, numerous, oval and nearly smooth.
It is a native of the coast of New Holland, and is sometimes beautifully marked with large
angular veins of chesnut brown on a pale ground of greenish.
H. CARINATA.
Testà rufo alboque varia, costâ centrali, transversâ, intus concava, insigni ; spirâ amplâ :
foraminibus lineam convexam perforantibus.
Mart. 1. tab. 14. fig. 140.
This and the shell improperly placed under a distinct genus by the name of Padollus Sca-
taris are the two species confounded under the Linnean symonym of Hal. Parva. I am not
certain as to its locality. The interior surface is faintly marked with fine lines, parallel with the
transverse rib and the whole shell is generally thin.
a
H. RUFESCENS.
Testâ ponderosa, leviter striatâ, aliquando nodis sparsis deformi, rufescente : spirâ brevi;
labii exterioris extremitate anticâ gibbâ : labio interiore angusto ; foraminibus
levatis, remotis (3 aut 4 apertis).
Shell ponderous, obsoletely striated, sometimes deformed by scattered nodules, reddish;
spire small; outer lip at the top gibbous : inner lip narrow: perforations elevated, remote, only
three or four open.
In proportion, as the back of the shell is worn down, the colour becomes a
brighter red. It attains to a very large size, and when in perfection is a beautiful species. In-
habits the Gallipagos and California.
H. COSTATA.
Testâ convexâ pallida, costis numerosis, integris, obtusis, longitudinalibus a spira diver-
gentibus in superficiem internam conspicuis : foraminibus numerosis, rotundis, vix
levatis.
Mart, 10. pl. 165. fig 1604. Wood's Cat. 36. fig. 5. (reversed).

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
35
Shell convex, pale, with numerous obtuse entire longitudinal ribs, diverging from the ele-
vated and conspicuous spire on the under surface : perforations numerous, roundish and slightly
elevated. The interior side of this species is very elegant, being sometimes marked by fine lines
crossing the sulcations of the ribs, owing to some specimens having additional striæ, which in
others are obsolete or wanting. Inhabits New Zealand.
H. CRENATA.
Testâ parvâ, ovatâ, striis transversis, rugisque nodosis sparsis, scabra ; spirâ mediocri :
foraminibus remotis, levatis, vix rotundis : labio exteriore intus crenato.
Shell small, oval, with transverse sulcated striæ, and scattered nodulous wrinkles ; spire
moderate; perforations remote, elevated nearly round: interior margin of the outer lip crenated.
Some specimens are quite devoid of the nodules, in others the striæ are very strong, while in
some they assume the appearance of distant unequal wrinkles diverging from the spire. The
perforations, however, are always destitute of the broad parallel groove (usual in this genus)
which is generally between the perforations and the outer lip.
CASSIS RINGENS, (CASSIDEA).
Testâ pallidâ, transversè costatâ, costis sulco lineatis ; labio exteriore dentibus transversis,
interiore, dentibus erga basin validis, armato ; dentium serie profundè divisa,
margine simplici.
Wood's Cat. Sup. Bucc. no. 1.
Shell pale, transversely ribbed, the rib with an impressed line ; outer lip with transverse
teeth, inner lip with two sets of strong teeth near the base, divided by a deep notch : the margin
simple. Large. The connecting link between Dolium and Cassis uniting the form and ribbed
exterior of the former to the strongly toothed aperture of the latter.
C. CORRUGATA.
Testâ pallidâ, lineis transversis, fuscis, interruptis, rugis longitudinalibus, brevibus, nume-
rosis, fasciisque 2 nodulosis arnata ; labio interiore dentibus obsoletis, internis
armato et ad basim plicato.
Shell pale, with transverse interrupted brown lines and two bands of small nodules : inner
lip obsoletely toothed within and plaited at the base. From the Gallipagos.
HARPA CRENATA.
Testâ longitudinaliter plerumque 12 costatâ ; labii exterioris margine denticulis crenatis
armato.
Shell with about twelve longitudinal ribs : margin of the outer lip with crenated teeth.
The mouth is never tinged with the deep blackish chesnut of the common Harp, and the colours

36
CONCHOLOGY.
EXOTIC
are redder. It is likewise a smaller shell, but the true distinction rests on the one having the
lip always smooth and the other having it broken into little teeth.
EBURNA PACIFICA.
Testâ ventricosâ, maculis fulvis, fasciisque albis ornatâ ; spiræ angustæ, acutæ, suturis
integris.
Shell ventricose with fulvous spots and white bands : spire narrow, acute, suture entire.
From the South Seas.
E. VALENTIANA.
Testâ ventricosâ, maculatâ; aperturæ longitudine spiræ longitudinem superante ; spirâ
anfractibus 5 convexis, suturis alveatis : basi balteo concavo cinctâ.
Shell ventricose, spotted: spire shorter than the aperture, of five convex volutions : suture
channelled : base with a concave belt. Distinct from E. Spirata by its shorter and less acute
spire which has not six whorls as the latter, the channel or groove also which separates them is
less broad and the basal belt not convex but concave.
STROMBUS INERMIS.
Testâ nodulosâ, transversè sulcatâ : labio exteriore dilatato rotundato, anticè integro: lobo
basali tantum non obsoleto : aperturâ lævi albâ.
Lister, 8561. (good).
Shell unarmed or slightly nodulous, transversely grooved ; outer lip dilated, rounded, and
above entire ; basal lobe nearly obsolete : aperture smooth, white. Nearest allied to S. Fasci-
atus. In some specimens, the small nodules on the body-whorl are prominent, but in most
instances they are wanting. Not uncommon.
S. GRANULATUS.
Testâ nodosâ ; spirâ producta: labii exterioris supra contracti margine inflexo, intus
granulato ; aperturâ niveâ.
Wood's Cat. Sup. fig. 21.
Shell nodulous ; spire produced, outer lip above contracted, margin inflexed, within
granulated; aperture snowy white.
MITRA DIADEMA, (THIARELLA).
Testâ haud costatâ, sulcis remotis, transversis, intus punctatis ornatâ; anfractibus coro-
natis ; spiræ incrassatæ, aperturæque longitudine eâdem : apice acuto: labio
exteriore denticulato : columella 4 plicatâ.
Shell not ribbed, with transverse remote grooves, punctured within ; volutions coronated :
spire thickened of equal length with the aperture : outer lip toothed : pillar four plaited.

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
37
MITRA CARBONARIA.
Testâ lævi, nigricante, striis transversis, minimis, punctatis ornata spirâ productâ atte-
nuatâ; columella 5 plicatâ.
Shell smooth, blackish, with very minute, punctured, transverse striæ : spire produced,
attenuated : pillar with five plaits. From New Holland.
VOLUTA PAPILLOSA, (SCAPHELLA).
Testâ ponderosa, lævi, lineis fuscis subtilissimè reticulatis, fasciisque fuscis, transversis,
interruptis, ornatâ ; spiræ apice crassissimo valdè papilloso: labii interioris medio,
gibbo ; columellâ 4 plicatâ.
Grif. Cuv. 40.
Shell ponderous, smooth, with fine reticulated lines and transverse interrupted bands of
brown : spire with the apex very thick and papillary: middle of the inner lip gibbous : pillar
four plaited. From the Fegee Isles.
VOLUTA FUSIFORMIS, (SCAPHELLA).
Testà productâ, fusiformi, pallidè aurantiacâ, lineis angulatis fuscis ornatâ, spirâ atte-
nuatâ : basi contracta : columellâ 3 plicatâ.
Shell produced, fusiform, pale orange with angulated brown lines, spire attenuated, base
contracted, pillar with three plaits. Probably from the Pacific. In general appearance it ap-
proaches near to V. Ancilla and V. Magellanica, from both of which it is principally distinguished
by the lower part of the body-whorl being contracted, and the spire lengthened.
AMPULLARIA FASCIATA, (VAR. CANALICULATA).
Testâ magna ventricosâ, ovatâ, olivaceâ, lineis transversis, obsoletis, subcarinatis cinctâ ;
spirâ brevi, suturâ, anfractuum margine antico, convexo, obtectâ : labio interiore
antico obsoleto; operculo corneo ? umbilico aperto.
Shell large ventricose, oval, olive, with obsolete, transverse, slightly carinated lines: spire
short, suture hid by the great convexity of the upper part of the whorls : inner lip above obsolete :
operculum horny ? umbilicus open.
BULIMUS VIRESCENS. (B. CITRINUS, VAR.?)
Testâ obovatâ, viridi-flavescente ; spiræ conicæ, vix incrassatæ, obtusæ, anfractibus in
suturas depressis, plerumque perversis : labio interiore anticè obsoleto : umbilico
aperto.
Shell obovate, green, variegated with yellow; spire conic, slightly thickened, obtuse; the
volutions depressed on the suture, and generally reversed; inner lip obsolete: umbilicus open.

38
EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
I have seen many specimens, but not one where the inner lip was developed on the upper part,
that is between the umbilicus and the top of the outer lip. In the varieties of B. Citrinus I have
seen, the inner lip is entire, much thickened and dilated over the umbilicus, which is thus hid in
mature age.
ACHATINA MONILE.
Testà subtilissimè reticulatâ, albente, strigis undulatis, fasciisque transversis, castaneo-
maculatis, ornatâ : anfractu basali subventricosâ; spiræ productæ anfractibus
2 ultimis approximatis : apice papilloso; basi vix integrâ.
Shell very finely reticulated, with waved stripes and transverse bands of chesnut spots ;
basal volution subventricose : spire produced, the last whorls close and the tip papillary : base
nearly entire. Distinct from, though approximating to, Bulinus Zebra and Undatus.
PHASIANELLA VENTRICOSA.
Testâ ventricosâ ; spiræ anfractibus convexis, apice acuto ; aperturæ vix effusæ, spiræque
longitudine eâdem.
Shell ventricose, spiral whorls convex, the tip acute; aperture nearly effuse, as long as the
spire. Colour variable.
P. INFLATA.
Testâ ventricosâ, purpureo-fuscâ, strigis angulatis ornatâ, spiræ anfractibus brevissimæ
tribus modo manifestis.
Shell ventricose, brownish purple with angular stripes, spire very short, of only three obvious
whorls. Near to but distinct from the last. Exclusive of the minute terminal whorl at the tip,
this species has but three, the preceding four, distinct volutions.
MITRA NIVOSA.
Testâ ovato-acutâ, striis transversis, puncticulatis, excavatis, nebulosa, punctis albis fuscis-
que sparsis variâ, maculis imparibus, fuscis bifasciatâ : labio crenulato.
Mitra Versicolor, Martyn, pl. 23.
Shell ovate acute, with transverse striæ and excavated punctures, clouded and variegated
with scattered dots of white and brown, and two bands of transverse unequal spots : outer lip
crenated. From New Holland and the Isles of the Pacific.
MUREX PINNATUS. (PTERONOTUS).
Testâ candidâ, varicibus tribus, longitudinalibus, tortis ; fimbriâ tenui dilatatâ, radiatâ,
margine undulato ornatis, armatâ : spirâ productâ, canale elongato, arcuato ;
labio exteriore denticulato.
Mart. 3. pl. 3. fig. 1036, 7. Wood's Cat. sup. Murex, fig. 20.

EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY.
39
.
Shell snowy white, with three twisted longitudinal varices, which are surmounted by a thin,
dilated, radiated fringe, having the margin undulated: spire produced, channel lengthened,
curved; outer lip crenately toothed, akin but distinct from Born's Triqueter.
CYPREA APERTA. (TRIVEA).
Testà roseâ, labiis albis striis levatis vix ad testa dorsam extensis, insignibus ; aperturâ
valde effusâ.
Wood's Cat. sup. Cyprea, fig. 10.
Shell rose coloured, lips white, with elevated striæ extending near to the back of the shell ;
mouth
very
wide. Rare.
PUPA VIOLACEA.
Testâ purpurascente, nitidâ, anfractibus (in ætate provectis) plerumque 7, obliquè sub-
tilissimè striatis : apice truncato : aperturâ integrâ, edentulâ.
Shell shining, livid purple, when in an adult state having about seven whorls finely striated
obliquely: the basal whorl carinated ; tip of the spire truncated: aperture entire without teeth.
From Jamaica.
ANODON PICTUS.
Testâ ovatâ compressâ, radiata, umbonibus retusis ; margine ligamentali levato angulato:
laminâ cardinali brevi, lata, vix concavâ, sinu producto leviter curvato terminatâ.
Shell oval, compressed, radiated, umbones retuse, ligamental margin elevated and angu-
lated : hinge margin short, broad, slightly concave, terminating in a lengthened slightly curved
sinus ; umbones retuse ; inside yellowish white.
Note.- I have omitted the descriptions of Strombus Melastomus, P. Truncata, and V. Maculata,
as they are described in the body of the work ; also of Eburna Spirata, Marg. Bullata, Ach. Erythros-
toma, Conus Nocturnus, and Monoceros Imbricatum, from their being old and already described
species
FINIS.
NORMAN, PRINTER, MAIDEN LANE, COVENT GARDEN.




ma
my
M
M
^
Voluta marmorata Sw?
Mus. Dom. Angus.




Achatina marginata var.
var sw.
Mus L.T. Swainson.




34
Toluta angulata. Sw"
Mus. Dom" Mawe.


7


الي


21


Về hua ruso.sa. Launk
Mus. Broderip
5




6
Voluta diadema Lam
Mus Dom Bligh.




UNIO ALATUS
Mus. D. Gul! Swain son.




A
Modiola elongata. Sv."
Mur. Dom. Bligh.




9
Pterocera aurantia Swn
Mus: Dom C Dubois.




10.
M
Achatina Sultana. E
Mus. D. Dubois.




//
Strombus alatus. Gmel.
Mas Dom "Bligh




Völuta tefselata Lam.
Mus Dom. Dubois,

|||



11.13.
Voluta Scapha S07.
Mus D. Broderip.




IL
Voluta Pacifica Sol?
Mrs Dom C Dubois




P1.15.
AN
Murex Regius. Sw.
Mus D. Broderip




16
Anodonta sinuosa Lam ?
Mus. Dom Bolton




P1.17.
W
על
Strombus pacificus sw.'
Mus. Dona Bloh.




18
Mitra glabra
Sw
Mu D Bligh.



M
)

19
SW
Tusus Aruamus.
Mus D. Broderin.




20.
N
will
wyn
my
M
NM
wat
Cymbiola elongata Sw.
. .
Mus. D. Dubois.


7.


27
le
Voluta elongata Sw."
Mus Dom Columbors




Voluta Melo. Soln
Mus. Dom. Bligh
22




Achatina
maculata Sven
Mur Dom I.T. Swainson.




24
Hyria elongata Spa
Mus Dom"Bligh




25.
Voluta Porcina. L.
Mus Dom Swainson.

ve



26.
Voluta ota Lin.
Mus. Dom. Gul Swainson.




21
Votuta undulata . Lam
Mus:Dom Angus.




28.
Voluta rubiginosa Sw.
Mus. Dom. Broderip




29.
warna
um
muy
Cymbiola tuberculata. Sw
Mus. Dom. Broderup.




30.
.
....
Mitra pertusa Sw.
Mus. Dom Broderip.
.



10

PL 31
Strombus tricornis. Sw.
Mus D. Swainson.




32
Strombus Caths. Linn
Mus. Dom Broderin




30
AI
13
PM
Voluta Junonia. Lam.
Mus Broderip et Maud.

w

VI


34.
Voluta Cymbum. Iin.
.
Mus. D. Bainbridge.

wo


w

35
Cypræa pulchella. Sw.
Muas. C. Dubois.




36
Anodon ovatus. Sw.



-

PL.37
ANODON roundatus Sw.
Mus. D. Swainson.

w


w

38
Scaphella maculata sw.
Mus Dom. Broderip.



We

Voluta Æthiopica Lin
Mus. Dom Broder




40
li
Voluta lugubris Sw.




41
Sw.
Voluta. harpa.
Mus. C. Drubois




42
法
​Voluta gracitis. Sw.
Mu Dom Tubous



ار

Voluta Pacifica.
Mus. Dom Broderip.




ها را
Voluta zebra
Mus Dom Broderip.

We



45.
Voluta Chrysostoma sw
Mu. Dom Dubow.




46.
Strombus laciniatus.
Mus. Dom. Broderip.




47.
Strombus melanastomus. Sw.
.
Mus. Nost.


17


18.
Voluta Scapha
Muus. Nost.




1


Museums
QL
404
597
1841
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
TETTE
3 9015 06345 1895
UNIVERSTY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARY
. CONSERVATION UNIT -
Examination and treatment records
are on file.
GOL
404.597 1841
2004.18
Job #
Work by Tom HOGARTH
Date JULY 2004