1817 ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DES TIEBOR SE QUERIS PENINSULAM AMZNAM CIRCUMSPICE LUNDINOS SACKETT W.J. BOOKS BOUGHT OR BULL EX S! INGHAM Museums OK 306 C 98 V.2 TO Betongen.de Quartal 5-18 -43 Tranf, to . 47564 Museums 10-29-61 Ι Ν D E X I N I. In which the Plants contained in the fourth Faſciculus are arranged according to the Syſtem of LINNÆUS. Latin Name. Claſs and Order MONANDRIA Monogynia. DIANDRIA Monogynia. TRIANDRIA Monogynia. TRIANDRIA Digynia. TetraNDRIA Monogynia. PENTANDRIA Monogynia. PentANDRIA Digynia. 일 ​PENTANDRIA Polygynia. HEXANDRIA Monogynia. OCTANDRIA Digynia. OCTANDRIA Trigynia. DECANDRIA Trigynia. DecANDRIA Pentagynia. DODECANDRIA Trigynia. 1 Hippuris vulgaris 2 Veronica montana 3 Valeriana dioica. Scirpus maritimus Panicum viride...... Panicum verticillatum Panicum fanguinale ..... Panicum crus galli...... Eriophorum polyftachion 1. Eriophorum vaginatum.. 1 Holcus lanatus 1 Milium effufum..... 1 Scabioſa arvenſis 1 Plantago media...... 1 Aſperula odorata .. 1 Cynogloſſum officinale..... 1 Menyanthes trifoliata..... 1 Symphytum officinale 1 Vinca major .... 2 Samolus valerandi...... 2 Campanula rotundifolia. 2 Chironia Centaurium .... ni ? Chenopodium hybridum 4 Bunium Bulbocaſtanum Chærophyllum ſylveſtre · Myofurus minimus.... nr 2 Peplis Portula ..... Polygonum amphibium.... 9 Polygonum Convolvulus Silene anglica ... Arenaria trinervia. a Arenaria ſerpyllifolia ..... 3 Sedum fexangulare 3 Spergula nodofa... 3 Spergula ſaginoides.... 3 Euphorbia exigua 3 Clematis Vitalba.... 3 Ranunculus repens.... 3 Ranunculus hederaceus Galeobdolon Galeopfis...... 4 Stachys arvenſis 4 Prunella vulgaris 4. Scutellaria minor 4 Orobanche major.. 4 Antirrhinum Orontium. 4 Raphanus Raphaniftrum 4 Turritis glabra... 4 Cardamine hirſuta. 4 Geranium pratenſe.... 5 Malva moſchata .... 5 Trifolium glomeratum 5 Hypericum quadrangulum .... 5 Sonchus arvenſis ... 5 Hieracium Piloſella...... 5:Arctium Lappa...... 5Cichorium Intybus 5Bidens tripartita.. 58afione montana 59 phrys ſpiralis.... 60 arex riparia ..... 61'arex acuta 62'arex gracilis ..... 63'arietaria officinalis ... 64 quiſetum arvenſe 65 ryum barbatum... 66 nafcum acaulon 67 aſcum ſubulatum. 68 ngermannia complanata .... 69 garicus procerus.. 70 garicus velutipes 71 garicus floccoſus..... 72 bletus lucidus...... 73 allus caninus.. POLYANDRIA Polygynia. 4 DIDYNAMIA Gymnoſpermia. ..... DIDYNAMIA Angioſpermia. TETRADYNAMIA Siliquoſa. MONADELPHIA Decandria. MONADELPHIA Polyandria. DIADELPHIA Decandria. POLYADELPHIA Polyandria. SYNGENESIA Polygamia Æqualis SYNGENESIA Monogamia. GYNANDRIA Diandria. MON@CIA Triandria. POLYGAMIA Monæcia. CRYPTOGAMIA Filices. CRYPTOGAMIA Muſci. 7 CRYPTOGAMIA Fungi. NE 2016 2015 1946 XORS ADP6 XBs fe's pes 20ls N 2048 XO'S xH'S XOS XUS LS XOS XKS there *** ***** Mom ar *** ***** *** * شتلخدمند ليلا لك sa saber sehr subror orders and safe das sobre obrar sat sit si dat dit sal dit die Ι Ν D E X I DE X II. I N D E X III. Latin Names of the Plants in the fourth Faf- 7 Engliſh Names of the Plants in the fourth ciculus, arranged Alphabetically, Faſciculus, arranged Alphabetically. O Plate 40 .6 11 0 --12 -..45 0 ..60 --- ..22 -P 2 0 --11 0 ..1 0 0 Aſperula odorata Arenaria trinervia Arenaria ferpyllifolia Antirrhinum Orontium Arctium Lappa. Agaricus procerus Agaricus velutipes.... Agaricus floccolus Bunium Bulbocaſtanum.. Bidens tripartita..... Bryum barbatum Boletus lucidus..... Cynogloflum officinale Campanula rotundifolia .... Chironia Centaurium Chenopodium hybridum Chærophyllum ſylveſtre Clematis Vitalba..... Cardamine hirſuta Cichorium Intybus Carex riparia. Carex acuta.... Carex gracilis ...... Eriophorum polyftachion.. Eriophorum vaginatum Equiſetum arvenſe...... Euphorbia exigua Geranium pratenſe. Galeobdolon Galeopfis. Holcus lanatus.... Hypericum quadrangulum Hieracium Piloſella. Hippuris vulgaris..... Jaſione montana.... Jungermannia complanata. Milium effuſum.... Menyanthes trifoliata. Myoſurus minimus Malva moſchata Ophrys ſpiralis .... Orobanche major.... Panicum viride Panicum verticillatum Panicum fanguinale...... Panicum Crus galli.. Plantago media ... Peplis Portula ..... Polygonum amphibium Polygonum Convolvulus Prunella vulgaris Parietaria officinalis ..... Phaſcum acaulon .... Phaſcum fubulatum Phallus caninus Ranunculus repens..... Ranunculus hederaceus Raphanus Raphaniſtrum Scirpus maritimus.. Scabiofa arvenſis.. Symphytum officinale Samolus valerandi....... Silene anglica Spergula nodoſa...... Spergula ſaginoides Sedum ſexangulare Stachys arvenſis ..... Scutellaria minor Sonchus arvenſis ... Turritis glabra.... Trifolium glomeratum Veronica montana Valeriana dioica Vinca major... Plate 15.0 ARCHANGEL yellow . 0 31 BRYUM bearded ....32 BUCKWHEAT climbing... ... 45 BUCKBEAN... ----55 BROOM-RAPE common... ...69 BELL-Flower heath ..... ---70 BOLETUS lacquer'd --71 BURDOCK 0 ----24 0 CAREX great or common ---57 Ó Carex acute ..... .....65 % CAREX ſlender-ſpiked....... --72 CLUB-Rush round-rooted or fea.... .....16 Cow-PARSLY common....... 21 CHICKWEED plantain-leaved........ CHICKWEED thyme-leaved --23 CATCH-Fly Engliſh ...25 CRANES-BILL crowfoot.... 37 % CROWFOOT ivy-leaved ...48 CROWFOOT creeping ----56 CENTAURY ....60 Ø COMFREY.... .....61 .61 % COTTON-GRASS many-headed. ...62 Ở Cotton-Grass fingle-headed...... --..9 EARTH-NUT ..10 $ Goose-Foot thorn-apple-leaved....... ....64. HOUNDS-TONGUE.... -36 , HOODED-WILLOW-HERB ſmall ----49 0 HORSE-TAIL corn.... ...40 HEMP-AGRIMONY trifid. JUNGERMANNIA flat ----52 LADIES-Smock hairy.... ---54 LADIES-TRACES..... MOUSE-TAIL --58 MOUSE-EAR .. ....68 .68 MARES-TAIL 0 ...12 Ò MUSHROOM ſhaggy... .17 MUSHROOM velvet-ſtalked. .26 0 MUSHROOM tall......... ----50 O ..... MILLET-GRASS wood ---59 MALLOW muſk ...... ...44 MORELL red-headed ..... ...5 PURSLANE water ..... ..6 PHA SCUM common PHASCUM heath... ...8 Panic-GRASS green... PANIC-Grass rough....... -27 PANIC-Grass looſe...... ..28 PANIC-GRASS cocksfoot. ..29 ) PLANTAIN hoary...... .-42 8 PERSICARIA amphibious... -63 PERRYWINKLE great ..... PELLITORY of the wall. .....67 RADISH wild ....... --73 SPEEDWELL mountain 38 % St. John's Wort ſquare-ſtalked 39 SELFHEAL..... ---46 • SOFT-GRASS meadow... ...4 SNAP-DRAGON ſmall....... SCABIOUS field ....... ..18 • SowTHISTLE corn.... SPURRY knotted...... -----30 O SPURRY pearlwort ... ----34 OSTACHYS corn.. -35 SPURGE ſmall....... ---33 SHEEPS-SCABIOUS hairy.... -,41 SUCCORY blue ..... ..43 STONECROP inſipid......... --53 TOWER-MUSTARD ſmooth. ..47 TRAVELLERS-JOY.. ....51 o TREFOIL round-headed. ...20 VALERIAN marſh .... · 3 WOODRUFF 19 0 WATER-PIMPERNEL round-leaved. .... ... 6 .14 ....B ☺ ....63 ...6 .... -3 ....6 ...2 0 colo .2 5 ...3 .13 0 ..20 ....4 ....5 .. ....6 -68 0 ...-56 --- 33 ... 47 ... 37 ...151 ...+-3 15 ..20 ? PE SA , I ND IN DE X, Ι Ν IN DE X In which the LINNÆAN Names of the In which the Engliſh Names of the Plants contained in the iſt, 2d, and 3d Plants are arranged Alphabetically. Faſciculi, are arranged Alphabetically. Faſc. Fafc. I HI! III 2 مردی دارد بر سر 21 20 I 201 I 202 12 Aira water 113 Anemone wood 52 Allſeed 104 Avens 125 All-heal 19 Brome-Graſs ſoft hairy ſtalk'd barren 200 Bryum broom curled ſwan's neck brown? green 205 awl-ſhaped 266 filvery 207 matted 156 Birds-foot-Trefoil common 171 Biſtort common 176 Butterbur 121 Bugle common 6 Brook-lime 2 1 2 203 204 II wann et land non maneten I 1 3 2 1 2 - 2 MNHS mmm 2 I 2 191 Burnet 123 Betony wood 25 Blinks 2 1 2 3 I 1 20 І 1 21 1 I 2 22 2 1 I 2 1 2 III 10 Anthoxanthum odoratum 12 Aira aquatica 13 præcox 3 22 Alopecurus myoſuroides (agreſtis Lin.) 23 Avena flaveſcens 3 24 elatior 3 36 Anagallis arvenſis 37 tenella 3 48 Æthuſa Cynapium 54 Alfine media 92 Agroſtema Githago 106 Adonis autumnalis 113 Anemone nemoroſa 121 Ajuga reptans 128 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria 3 129 --- Elatine 131 ſpurium 130 Linaria 136 Arabis Thaliana 189 Arum maculatum 196 Atriplex haſtata 197 Aſplenium Scolopendrium A 212 Agaricus ovatus 213 fimetarius Bler 214 glutinofus 3 215 plicatilis 3 216 oſtreatus 3 78 Adoxa Mofchatellina 19 Bromus mollis ſterilis hirfutus 79 Butomus umbellatus 123 Betonica officinalis 137 Braſſica muralis 3 170 Bidens cernua 3 175 Bellis perennis 200 Bryum ſcoparium undulatum hornum 203 truncatulum 204 viridulum - 2 205 fubulatum 3 206 argenteum 3 207 ceſpititium 3 9 Circæa lutetiana 3 32 Centunculus minimus 38 Convolvulus fepium 3 39 arvenſis 47 Conium maculatum Molla 50 Chenopodium album 51 viride 52 polyſpermum os 53 Bonus Henricus 3 83 Chryfofplenium oppoſitifolium 93 Ceraſtium ſemidecandrium 94 viſcoſum 95 vulgatum aquaticum 114 Caltha paluſtris 138 Cardamine amara 3 139 pratenſis 171 Carduus marianus 3. 190 Carex pendula 3 26 Dipſacus piloſus 3 27 ſylveſtris 132 Digitalis purpurea 3 133 Draba verna 04 Epilobium hirſutum to- 65 villoſum 66 tetragonum -- anguſtifolium 68 montanum 69 Erica tetralix bhav- 3 bobo I 2 II2 - 201 I 2 202 2 2 2 2 1 LUI 2 92 Cockle 2 N N N N N N www ww NN 141 Crane’s-bill Hemlock-leav'd 14? ſtinking or herb Robert 143 doves-foot common 144 mountain 128 Cymbalaria ivy-leav'd 54 Chickweed common 38 Convolvulus large white 39 —— field 102 Cinquefoil common 107 Crowfoot round-rooted 109 upright meadow 108 pale-leay'd wood celery leav'd 189 Cuckow.pint 177 Colts-foot 9o Campion red 28 Cleavers common . 190 Carex pendulous 158 Claver 155 Clover Dutch 192 Cats-tail broad-leay'd 193 narrow-leav'd 175 Daiſy common 133 Draba vernal 116 Dead-Nettle purple 118 white 165 Dandelion common 60 Dock curid 62 ſharp pointed 61 broad-leay'd 63 narrow-leav'd 31 Devil's-bit 127 Eye-bright red 173 Erigeron purple 9 Enchanters Nightſhade common 55 Elder dwarf 56 Flax purging 79 Flowering Ruſh 48 Fools-parſley 129 Fluellin ſharp pointed 131 round-leay'd 132 Foxglove purple 18 Feſcue graſs flote 147 Fumitory common 22 Foxtail-grafs field 57 Fritillary common 195 Frog-bit 3 3 - 3 3 3 3 I I 2 I 2 - 2 2 I 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 96 - I LUI I 3 3 3 E I 1 I 1 3. 2 2 1 - 2 67 2 2 3 3 cinerea Dilu (2 - I 2 II I I I II 2 I 149 150 I 1 50 51 I I - - - - 1 111 TTTTTTTTTTTT 1 1 2 2 - - 2 1 ! - I 1 I 210 - 142 143 144 2 Il 11 117 Henbit 3 1 1 I 4 2 - I! 161 I TI! - - 43 Ivy 111 1 138 - 2 210 TUTTI - دا در بد را در در بم بم در در زب | نی نی بم را در بر با II וורן 1 IT IIIIII III mm NANNMANN onda bunga dan memenang med en My NaN NaN NaN NMN Nen memand and a mama mamma mm hond wat III TITIL 1 10 III - 2 70 cinerea 98 Euphorbia Peplus 99 Helioſcopia 127 Euphraſia Odontites 135 Eryſimum Alliaria Ervum hirſutum tetraſpermum 173 Erigeron acre 18 Feſtuca fluitans 57 Fritillaria Meleagris 101 Fragaria fterilis 147 Fumaria officinalis 28 Galium Aparine 104 Geum urbanum 122 Glechoma hederacea 141 Geranium cicutarium - robertianum molle pyrenaicum 35 Hottonia paluſtris Hedera Helix 58 Hyacinthus non fcriptus 160 Hypericum pulchrum perforatum 162 hirfutum 163 humifufum 164 Androfæmum 168 Hypochæris radicata 169 --glabra 195 Hydrocharis Morſus Ranæ 208 Hypnum proliferum 209 fericeum purum 217 Hydnum auriſcalpium 1 Iris Pſeudacorus 59 Juncus campeſtris 178 Inula dyſenterica 179 - pulicaria 8 Lycopus europæus 42 Lonicera Periclymenum 45 Lyfimachia Nummularia 56 Linum catharticum 90 Lychnis dioica 91 Flos cuculi 97 Lythrum Salicaria 116 Lamium purpureum -.- amplexicaule JIS album 156 Lotus corniculatus 159 Lathyrus pratenfis 165 Leortodon Taraxacum 165 Lapſana communis 25 Montia fontana 44 Myoſotis ſcorpioides 145 Malva fylveftris 145 rotundifolia 157 Medicago lupulina 138 arabica 194 Mercurialis perennis 89 Oxalis Acetoſella 148 Orobus tuberoſus 185 Ophrys apifera 386 187 Orchis maſcula 188 Morio 199 Oſmunda fpicant 14 Poa annua 15 rigida 16 17 trivialis 29 Plantago lanceolata 30 major 102 Potentilla reptans 103 Anſerina 391 Poterium Sanguiſorba 198 Polypodium vulgare 71 Polygonum Biſtorta 72 Perſicaria 73 penſylvanicum 74 var: caul: macul: 75 Hydropiper aviculare 77 minus 211 Polytrichum fubrotundum 218 Phallus impudicus 105 Papaver Rheas 172 Picris echioides 60 Rumex criſpus 1 11 Flag yellow 3 178 Fleabane common 179 ſmall 174 Groundſel common 63 Golden Saxifrage common 122 Ground-Ivy Goofefoot white purple-jointed 53 Good King Henry 3 197 Harts-tongue 3 47 Hemlock 2 69 Heath croſs-leav’d 70 fine-leay'd 35 Hottonia water 208 Hypnum proliferous 209 filky meadow 42 Honeyſuckle common 58 Hyacinth Engliſh 168 Hawkweed long rooted 169 ſmall flowered 215 Hydnum ear-picker 100 Houſeleek 3 13 Hair-graſs early 3. 170 Hemp-Agrimony Water 3 126 Hooded willow-herb common 3 3 3 76 Knot-graſs common 3 139 Ladies-ſmock common bitter 97 Looſeſtrife purple-ſpiked 3 3 96 Moufear-chickweed marſh 3 93 leaſt 3 95 common 2 94 broad-leay'd 3 114 Marſh-Marygold 3 78 Moſchatel tuberous 3 157 Medick hop 3 15 Meadow-graſs hard 3. ſmooth-ſtalk'd 17 -rough-ſtalk'a 19+ Mercury Dogs 145 Mallow common 3 round-leav'd 3 Muſhroom Egg 213 pucker'd 214 flimy 3 215 plaited 3 3 216 oyſter 3 45 Moneywort 3 Mouſeаr-ſcorpion-graſs 44 3 218 Morell ſtinking 3 3 166 Nipplewort 2 40 Nightſhade woody 3 41 - garden 2 124 Nettle hedge 185 Orchis Bee 187 early ſpotted meadow 3 196 Orach ſpear-leav'd 88 Orpine 23 Oat-grafs yellow 3 24 tall 3 172 Oxtongue 36 Pimpernel common 37 bog 3 baſtard 32 3 91 Pink meadow 148 Pea wood 14 Poa common dwarf 72 Perſicaria ſpotted leav'd pale flowered 3 Spotted ſtalk'd biting ſmall creeping 198 Polypody common 183 Panſie wild 34 Pearlwort upright 33 procumbent 106 Pheaſants-eye 136 Podded Mouſear 110 Pilewort 29 Plantain narrow-leav'd 3 30 common 3 211 Polytrichum dwarf xilaz. Doint 1 105 Poppy ſmooth-round-headed . 3 3 46 Periwinkle ſmall 3 obtuſifolium 146 II? - 2 212 - C = N O = 2 - 2 - 1 - - I יהודורון - 3 2 2 188 IIIIIIIIII Avata - mm MMNNMN mo na namn 3 2 1 3 2 | 1 urs - 2 pratenſis 2 . 1 1 2 2 I I IIIIIIII - 1 2 I 777798 I . I I il 1 I I 1 2 VVVVY an AwN I 3 2 1 I 11 TI 1 76 I 2 І 2 2 2 IIIIIIII 2 ہم دم در بی پر ہم 2 II 11 1 - ( 3 ) 3 3. 3 دي د دا بم N پيم IIIIIIIIII 2 - 2 3 3 1 - - I LI1+ILI 1 - 2 2 - 3 2 - Nmda 3 3 2 I - 2 86 1 - 3 I 2 2. 2 NNNN 2 1 2 acre I 87 ki obtuſifolium 62 acutus 63 maritimus 107 Ranunculus bulbofus 108 hirſutus 109 acris Ficaria I10 III - auricomus IZ ſceleratus 31 Scabioſa ſucciſa 33 Sagina procumbens 34 erecta 40 Solanum Dulcamara 41 nigrum 49 Scandix Anthriſcus 55 Sambucus Ebulus 80 Saxifraga granulata 81 - tridactylites 84 Stellaria Holoftea 82 Saponaria officinalis 85 Sedum album 86 daſyphyllum 88 Telephium 100 Sempervivum tectorum 124 Stachys ſylvatica 125 paluſtris 126 Scutellaria galericulata 140 Sifymbrium ſylvestre 167 Sonchus oleraceus 174 Senecio vulgaris 119 Thymus Acinas -- Serpyllum 134 Thlafpi Burſa-paſtoris 151 Trifolium ornithopodioides 152 ſubterraneum 153 fragiferum 154 agrarium 155 repens 176 Tuſſilago Petafites 177 Farfara 192 Typha major 193 minor i Veronica agreſtis chamædrys 3 ſerpyllifolia 4 - hederifolia 5 arvenſis Becabunga 7 officinalis 46 Vinca minor 115 Verbena officinalis 180 Viola odorata 181 hirta canina 183 tricolor 184 paluftris 59 Ruſh hairy field 137 Rocket ſtinking 140 — water 98 Spurge ſmall garden 99 fun 166 St. John's-wort ſmall upright 161 common 162 hairy 163 trailing 49 Scandix rough-feeded 80 Saxifrage white 81 - rue-leay'd 85 Stonecrop white-flowered common yellow 87 thick-leav'd 13+ Shepherds purſe i Speedwell procumbent garden germander-leav'd 3 ſmooth-leav'd 4 ivy-leav'd 5 wall 7 male 167 Sowthiſtle common 199 Spleenwort rough 135 Sauce-alone 84 Stitchwort greater 82 Sopewort 101 Strawberry barren 103 Silver-weed 149 Tine tare rough-podded 150 ſmooth podded 26 Teafle imall 27 wild Toadflax common yellow 119 Thyme Baſil - wild 152 Trefoil fubterraneous 151 birds-foot true 153 Strawberry 154 hop 186 Twayblade 171 Thifile milk 164 Tutſan io Vernal-grafs ſweet-ſcented IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII U1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 I I hogy nem mamma hanya mamma har mye damm 120 N 130 2 2 120 - I IIIIIIII 2 3 3 2 TTTTTTTT mmmm 2 3 3 1 3 115 Vervain !! I 2 2 2 I 3 IIIIIIIIII 180 Violet ſweet-ſcented 18 hairy 182 Dogs 184 --- Bog 159 Vetchling yellow 89 Wood forrel dor 64 Willow-herb large-flowered 65 hoary 66 fquare-ſtalk'd 67 roſebay 68 wood 8 Water-horehound TOYOTATO LOGO - I 1 182 11 2 1 - 3 3 General INDEX to the Plants of the Firſt, Second, and Third Faſciculi, as arranged according to the Syſtem of LINN ÆUS. Plate Plate O DIANDRIA DIGYNIA. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 10 Anthoxanthum odoratum 16 2 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Plate 14 Poa annua 15 rigida pratenfis 17. trivialis 18 Feſtuca fuitans 19 Bromus mollis ſterilis hirſutus 22 Alopecurus myofuroides 23 Avena flaveſcens 24 Avena elatior 11 Iris Pſeudacorus Veronica agreftis Chamædrys 3 ſerpyllifolia 4 hederifolia 5 arvenſis Becabunga 7 officinalis 8 Lycopus europæus 9 Circæa lutetiana 20 21 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 12 Aira aquatica 13 præcox [ 4 ] 91 94 95 96 Plate 154 agrarium 155 repens 156 Lotus corniculatus 157 Medicago lupulina 158 - arabica 159 Lathyrus pratenfis POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA, ito Hypericum pulchrum 161 perforatum 162 hirſutum 163 humifufum 164 Androfæmuin SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 165 Leontodon Taraxacum 166 Lapſana communis 167 Sonchus oleraceus 168 Hypocharis radicata 169 -glabra 170 Bidens cernua 171 Carduus marianus 172 Picris echioides SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPER- - 99 FLVA. IIO III auricomus pulicaria II2 182 184 118 - Ovata I 20 Plate Platel TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 88 --- Telephium 25 Montia fontana 89 Oxalis Acetoſella TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 90 Lychnis dioica 26 Dipſacus pilofus Flos cuculi 27 ſylveſtris 92 Agroſtema Githago 28 Galium Aparine 93 Ceraſtium femidecandriumi *29 Plantago lanceolata viſcoſum 30 major vulgatum 31 Scabiofa Succiſa aquaticum 32 Centunculus minimus DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 97 Lythrum Salicaria 33 Sagina procumbens stop DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 34 - erecta 98 Euphorbia peplus PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Helioſcopia 35 Hottonia paluſtris DODECANDRIA DODECAGYNIA. 36 Anagallis arvenſis 100 Sempervivum tectorum 37 tenella ICOS ANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 38 Convolvulus fepium vor Fragaria ſterilis 39 arvenfis 102 Potentilla reptans 40 Solanum Dulcamara 103 --Anſerina 41 nigrum 104 Geum urbanum 42 Lonicera Periclymenum non POLY ANDRIA MONOGYNIA. A3 Hedera Helix 105 Papaver Rhæas 44 Myoſotis fcorpioides paluft. POLY ANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 45 Lyfimachia Nummularia 106 Adonis autumnalis 46 Vinca minor 107. Ranunculus bulbofus PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 108 hirſutus 47 Conium maculatum 109 -acris 48 Æthufa Cynapium Ficaria 49 Scandix Anthriſcus 50 Chenopodium album fceleratus 51 viride 113 Anemone nemoroſa 52 polyſpermum 114 Caltha paluſtris 53 Bonus Henricus DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 115 Verbena officinalis 54 Alfine media 116 Lamium purpureum 55 Sambucus Ebulus. I17 amplexicaule PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. album 56 Linum catharticum 119 Thymus Acinos HEXANDRIA MONOGYNI A. - -- Serpyllum 57 Fritillaria Meleagris 121 Ajuga reptans 58 Hyacinthus nonfcriptus 122 Glechoma hederacea 59 Juncus campeftris 123 Betonica officinalis HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. I 24 Stachys fylvatica 60 Rumex criſpus I 25 paluſtris 61 obtuſifolium 126 Scutellaria galericulata 62 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. 63 maritimus 127 Euphraſia Odontites OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 128 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria 64 Epilobium hirſutum 129 Elatine villoſum 130 Linaria 66 tetragonum 131 fpurium 67 anguſtifolium 132 Digitalis purpurea montanum TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 69 Erica tetralix 133 Draba verna 70 cinerea 134 Thlaſpi Burſa paſtoris OCTANDRIA DIGYNIA. TetRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 71 Polygonum Biſtorta 135 Eryſimum Alliaria 72 Perſicaria 136 Arabis thaliana 73 penſylvanicum 137 Braſſica muralis 74 var. caule maculato 138 Cardamine amara 75 Hydropiper pratenfis aviculare 140 Siſymbrium ſylveſtre minus MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 141 Geranium cicutarium 78 Adoxa Moſchatellina 142 robertianum ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. 143 molle 79 Butomus umbellatus 144 pyrenaicum DecANDRIA DIGYNIA. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 80 Saxifraga granulata 145 Malva fylveftris 81 tridactylites 146 rotundifolia 82 Saponaria officinalis DIADELPHIA HEXANDRI A. 83 Chryſoſplenium oppofitifolium 147 Fumaria officinalis DECANDRIA TRIGYNI A. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA, 84 Stellaria Holoftea 148 Orobus tuberoſus DecANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 149 Ervum hirſutum 85 Sedum album 150 - tetraſpermum 86 151 Trifolium ornithopodioides 87 daſyphyllum 152 ſubterraneum aittom asmotal of 153 -- acutus 65 173 Erigeron acre 174 Senecio vulgaris 175 Bellis perennis 176 Tuſfilago Petaſites 177 Farfara 178 Inula dyſenterica 179 SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. 180 Viola odorata 181 hirta canina 183 tricolor paluftris GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 185 Ophrys apifera 186 187 Orchis maſcula 188 Morio GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA, 189 Arum maculatum MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 190 Carex pendula MONOECIA POLY ANDRIA. 191 Poterium Sanguiſorba 192 Typha latifolia 193 anguſtifolia DioECIA ENNEANDRIA. 194 Mercurialis perennis DIOECIA MONADELPHIA. 195 Hydrocharis Morſus Ranæ POLYGAMIA MONOECIA. 196 Atriplex haftata CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES 197 Aſplenium Scolopendrium 198 Polypodium vulgare 199 Oſmunda fpicant CRYPTOGAMIA MUSCI. 200 Bryum ſcoparium undulatum hornum 203 truncatulum 204 -viridulum 205 fubulatum 206 Bryum argenteum 207 cefpititium 208 Hypnum proliferum 209 ſericeum purum 211 Polytrichum fubrotundum CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI, 212 Agaricus ovatus 213 fimetarius 214 glutinoſus 215 plicatilis oſtreatus 217 Hydnum auri ſcalpium 218 Phallus impudicus 68 - 139 201 76 202 77.- 210 O O OO acre 216 fragiferum eilhof zona in co Loa / Tai ng anlovni save soidsla so socupat goto 2009 Ι Ν D Ε Χ Ι. I N I. In which the Plants contained in the fifth Faſciculus are arranged according to the Syſtem of LINNÆUS. Latin Name. Claſs and Order. DIANDRIA Monogynia. TRIANDRIA Monogynia. TRIANDRIA Digynia. TETRANDRIA Monogynia. } . TETRANDRIA Tetragynia. PENTANDRIA Monogynia. PENTANDRIA Digynia. PENTANDRIA Pentagynia. HEXANDRIA Monogynia. HEXANDRIA Polygynia. HEXANDRIA Trigynia. OCTANDRIA Monogynia. DECANDRIA Pentagynia. DODECANDRIA Digynia. ICOSANDRIA Pentagynia. . } Icosandria Polygynia. 1 Liguſtrum vulgare 2 Veronica Anagallis. 3 Veronica ſcutellata. 4 Valeriana Locuſta ..... 5 Alopecurus pratenfis 6 Alopecurus geniculatus ... 7 Bromus giganteus 8 Holcus mollis ..... 9 Hordeum murinum. 10 Melica uniflora.... 11 Melica cærulea.... 12 Poa aquatica..... 13 Sherardia arvenſis. 14 Sagina apetala .... 15 Potamogeton criſpum 16 Atropa Belladonna 17 Lycopfis arvenſis..... 18 Lyſimachia nemorum 19 Lyfimachia vulgaris 20 Chenopodium olidum ... 21 Scandix Pecten... 22 Linum uſitatiffimum.. 23 Leucojum æſtivum 24 Convallaria majalis..... 25 Juncus piloſus. 26 Juncus ſylvaticus 27 Aliſma Plantago. 28 Aliſma Damaſonium. 29 Rumex Acetoſella.. 30 Erica vulgaris ... 31 Spergula arvenfis 32 Agrimonia Eupatoria 33 Spiræa Ulmaria.... 34 Roſa canina .. 35 Tormentilla officinalis ... 36 Ciſtus Helianthemum. 37 Papaver dubium .... 38 Papaver Argemone 39 Origanum vulgare 40 Teucrium Scorodonia. 41 Antirrhinum minus... 42 Euphrafia officinalis 43 Rhinanthus Criſta Galli. 44 Schrophularia aquatica 45 Thlafpi campeſtre 46 Sinapis alba ..... 47 Sinapis arvenſis..... 48 Siſymbrium Irio ... 49 Sifymbrium terreſtre 50 Eryfimum officinale 51 Lathyrus Aphaca..... 52 Spartium Scoparium 53 Trifolium procumbens 54 Vicia Cracca 55 Crepis tectorum.... 56 Leontodon hiſpidum ... 57 Onopordum Acanthium 58 Prenanthes muralis... 59 Sonchus paluſtris. 60 Achillea Ptarmica .. 61 Anthemis Cotula . 62 Chryſanthemum Leucanthemum 63 Matricaria Chamomilla. 64 Senecio erucæfolius..... 65 Orchis latifolia ..... 66 Sparganium ramoſum ...... 67 Sparganium fimplex 68 Mercurialis annua... 69 Agaricus aurantius.. 70 Agaricus æruginoſus .... 71 Agaricus carnofus 72 Agaricus verrucoſus..... POLYANDRIA Monogynia. ? DIDYNAMIA Gymnoſpermia. DIDYNAMIA Angioſpermia. TETRADYNAMIA Siliculofa. TETRADYNAMIA Siliquoſa. DIADELPHIA Decandria. SYNGENESIA Polygamia æqualis. SYNGENESIA Polygamia ſuperflua. GYNANDRIA Diandria. } Monacia Triandria. DIECIA Enneandria. CRYPTOGAMIA Fungi. US IORE DH64036 4016 06 2016 2015 2016 xos x16 2016 2015 2016 sit met *** stiti ܗܘܐ * اللذه خريدمحمیدهد ܠܥܚܟܓܓܛܬܠܚ ܓܠܝܠܬ ܪܬܬܠܬܓܓ Sor Sor Sisyor Spor Saor sitt slot Sex Szor shaor spor 3 of Salt Spor Sir Spor Sor Sor Syor rot ST SROT Sxox Ι Ν D E X I II. Ι Ν D E X III. Latin Names of the Plants in the fifth Faf- Engliſh Names of the Plants in the fifth ciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Faſciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Plate ----32 .......9 ..20 --7 --72 ----31 -17 ...66 ......67 -...63 ---47 --36 ..4 -----57 --56 .16 0 © 0 .1 --- Achillea Ptarmica Agaricus aurantius Agaricus æruginoſus Agaricus carnoſus ..... Agaricus verrucoſus...... Agrimonia Eupatoria Aliſma Plantago... Aliſma Damafonium..... Alopecurus pratenſis ..... Alopecurus geniculatus. Anthemis Cotula ..... Antirrhinum minus Atropa Belladonna .. Bromus giganteus....... Chenopodium olidum .... Chryſanthemum Leucanthemum Ciftus Helianthemum Convallaria majalis ..... Crepis tectorum Erica vulgaris Eryſimum officinale ...... Euphrafia officinalis...... Holcus mollis.... Hordeum murinum Juncus pilofus Juncus ſylvaticus Lathyrus Aphaca Leontodon hiſpidum ..... Leucojum æſtivum Liguſtrum vulgare. Linum uſitatiſſimum. Lycopfis arvenſis ..... Lyſimachia nemorum Lyfimachia vulgaris ..... Matricaria Chamomilla .. Melica uniflora Melica cærulea Mercurialis annua Onopordum Acanthium.. Orchis latifolia ..... Origanum vulgare..... Papaver dubium.. Papaver Argemone Poa aquatica Potamogeton criſpum. Prenanthes muralis Rhinanthus Criſta Galli.... Roſa canina..... Rumex Acetoſella. Sagina apetala. Scandix Pecten. Schrophularia aquatica Senecio erucæfolius Sherardia arvenſis Sinapis alba ..... Sinapis arvenſis .... Sifymbrium Irio...... Siſymbrium terreſtre. Sonchus paluſtris .... Sparganium ramoſum.... Sparganiam fimplex..... Spartium ſcoparium Spergula arvenſis .... Spiræa Ulmaria...... Teucrium Scorodonia Thlafpi campeſtre Tormentilla officinalis Trifolium procumbens .. Valeriana Locuſta...... Veronica ſcutellata... Veronica Anagallis....... Vicia Cracca.. Plate ....60 0 AGRIMONY ..69 BARLEY-GRASS wall...... -70 BLITE ſtinking --71 BROME-GRASS tall...... 0 0 BROOM common... --32 BUGLOSS field ... ..27 BURR-REED great ..28 BURR-REED ſmall. ...-5 CHAMOMILE corn. ....6 CHARLOCK ....61 Cistus dwarf ...... ...41 CORN-SALLAD ...16 COTTON-THISTLE ....7 ..7 % DANDELION rough .... ..20 DwAle, or DeADLY NIGHTSHADE ...62 EYEBRIGHT common. ..-36 O FIGWORT water... ---24 FLAX common ---55 © FoxTAIL-Grass jointed...... --30 FOXTAIL-GRASS meadow.. ...50 GERMANDER fage-leav'd ....... ---42 HEDGE-MUSTARD ....8 HEATH common ...9 LILY OF THE VALLEY ...25 Loose STRiFE yellow. ...26 MARJORAM wild..... ---51 MAYWEED ſtinking ...56 MEADOW-GRASS water --.23 MEADOW-SWEET 1 MELIC-GRASS ſingle-flower'd ..22 MELIC-GRASS blue... ...17 O MERCURY annual... ...18 MITHRIDATE-MUSTARD ...19 MONEYWORT wood ...63 MUSHROOM fleſhy .. MUSHROOM warty... MUSHROOM orange. ...68 MUSHROOM verdigris -- 57 MUSTARD white .... ORCHIS marſh ....... ---39 OXEye common.... ---37 PEARLWORT annual ...38 PONDWEED curled ...... ..12 Poppy long prickly-headed ...... ---15 Poppy long ſmooth-headed........ ....58 PRENANTHES, or Wild LETTUCE ...43 PRIVET, or PRIM ---34 RAGWORT hoary -..29 ROCKET London. ...14 Rose dog Rush ſmall hairy wood ... ..44 Rush great hairy wood 0 ...64 SHEPHERDS-NEEDLE ...13 SHERARDIA field ...46 SNEESEWORT ...47 SNOWFLAKE fummer 48 SOFT-Grass creeping ...49 • Sorrel ſheeps.. ..-59 Sow-THISTLE tree .. ...66 0 SPEEDWELL bog..... ...67 O SPEEDWELL water.. 0 ...52 SPURREY corn .... ...31 Q SuccorY HAWKWEED ſmooth .. ---33 TOAD-FLAx leaſt... ...40 TORMENTIL 45 TREFOIL procumbent..... -.-35 O Vetch tufted ....... ---53 VETCHLING yellow .....4 WATER-PLANTAIN ſtarry-headed -3 WATER-PLANTAIN greater... ....2 WATER-RADISH annual ..-54 YELLOW-RATTLE ..10 ..11 ...65 -...42 --44 --22 ....6 --5 -...40 50 ---30 ...24 ...19 ...39 ....61 ..12 ----33 .10 ....11 68 ---45 ....18 --71 ...72 ....69 -70 ...46 .....65 ...62 .14 ...15 ---38 -37 --58 ...1 .64 .48 ...34 ...25 ...26 .....21 ...13 .....60 23 ....8 ....29 ---59 ..-3 ....2 ....31 ...55 .....41 -35 ...53 --54 -51 ...28 ...27 ....49 ...43 NTHS 中 ​.. 21 ---48 0 183 》 6 7-... Stachys sylvatica . 10. 3 بانم U Mio STACHYS SYLVATICA. HEDGE NETTLE. STACHYS Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Corolla lab. ſuper. fornicatum, lab. inferius lateribus reflexum, intermedia majore emarginata, Stamina deflorata verſus latera reflexa. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. SUFFRUCTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. STACHYS ſylvatica verticillis fexfloris, foliis cordatis petiolatis. Lin. Syt. Veg. p. 447. Sp. Pl. 811. Fl. Suecic. n. 526. CARDIACA foliis cordatis ferratis, verticillis nudis, fpicatis. Haller. bift. n. 216. STACHYS ſylvatica. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. n. 706. LAMIUM maximum ſylvaticum foetidum. Bauh. pin. 231. GALEOPSIS vera. Ger. emac. 709. GALEOPSIS legitima Dioſcoridis. Park. 608. Raii Syn. ed. p. 343. Hedge-Nettle. GALEOPSIS five urtica iners magna fætidiſſima. 7. B. III. 853. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 259. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 312, RADIX perennis, repens. CAULIS erectus, pedalis ad tripedalem, quadrangula- ris, hirſutus, ramofus. RAMI oppoſiti, ſuberecti, cauli ſimiles. FOLIA petiolata, cordata, acuta, ferrata, venoſa, utrin- que hirſuta. PETIOLI hirſuti, longitudine foliorum. FLORES ſaturate at vivide purpurei, verticillati, laxe ſpicati, verticillis fexfloris, brevibus pedicel- lis infidentibus; ad fingulum geniculum ſetæ duodecim, utrinque fex, floribus fubjectæ. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, campanula- tum, hirſutum, viſcidum, punctis prominulis ſcabrum, purpurafcens, quinquedentatum, dentibus acutis, patentibus, fupremo paulo longiore. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, purpurea, tubus bre- viſfimus, albus, fauce tenuior, apice ftrangu- latus, et interne villoſus; Faux nitida, ſub- cylindracea, paululum incurvata, ſuperne vil- lis minimis adſperſa; Labium fuperius ovatum, obtuſum, integerrimum, inferne concavum, ſuperne convexum, viſcidulum, Labium in- ferius majus, trifidum ; albo pulchre varie- gatum, lacinulâ intermedia fubemarginata, replicata. fig. 2. 3. 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, quorum duo paulo longiora, purpurea, nitida, medio paululum incraſſata, et pilofa; ANTHERÆ primum ob- ſcure violaceæ, demum nigricantes ; POLLEN album. fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN quadripartitum ; Stylus fili- formis ; fitu et longitudine ſtaminum ; STIG- MA bifidum, acutum. fig. 6. 7. 8. 8 NECTARIUM: Glandula majuſcula, totam bafin ger- minis cingens. fig. 9. PERICARPIUM nullum ; Calyx continens SEMINA quatuor, ovata, angulata. fig. 10. ROOT perennial, and creeping. STALK upright, from one to three feet high, ſquare, hirſute and branched. BRANCHES oppoſite, nearly like the ſtalk. LEAVES ſtanding on footftalks, heart-ſhaped, pointed, ferrated, veiny, hirſute on both ſides. LEAF-STALKS hirſute, the length of the leaves. FLOWERS of a deep but bright colour, growing in whirls and forming a looſe ſpike, about fix flowers in each whirl, fitting on ſhort flower- ſtalks, at each joint, twelve ſetæ or fine point- ed leaves, fix on each ſide, placed under the flowers. CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, bell-ſhaped, hirſute, viſcid, rough with little prominent points, of a purpliſh colour, having five point- ed ſpreading teeth, of which the uppermoſt is ſomewhat the longeſt. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, purple, the tube very ſhort, white, flenderer than the faux, ſtrangled at top where it is villous on the in- ſide; Faux ſhining, ſomewhat cylindrical, bending a little down, on the upper part co- vered with numerous ſhort hairs; the upper Lip ovate, obtuſe, entire, below concave, above convex, and ſomewhat viſcid, the lower Lip large, trifid, beautifully variegated with white, the middle ſegment ſlightly notched, and having its fides folded back. fig. 2. 3. 4. STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, two of which are a little longer than the others, purple, ſhining, thickened a little in the middle and hairy ; ANTHERÆ at firſt of a dull violet colour, fi- nally blackiſh; POLLEN white. fig 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN divided into four parts; STYLE thread-ſhaped, ſituated with and of the fame length as the ſtamina; STIGMA bifid, and pointed. fig. 6.7.8. NECTARY: a largith Gland ſurrounding the whole baſe of the germen. fig. 9. SEED-VESSEL none, the Calyx containing. SEEDS; four ovate and angular. fig. 10. a a In the parts of fructification, there is a conſiderable fimilarity betwixt this ſpecies and the paluftris, but in the form of its leaves it differs very materially. It grows in almoſt every ſhady ditch about London and elſewhere, and flowers in June and July, its bloffoms have fufficient beauty to recommend them, and they might perhaps be more an object of admiration, did not the plant, on being in the leaſt bruiſed, ſmell diſagreeably, if not bruiſed, its ſcent is rather of the agreeable kind. The Snail, excepted few animals, appear to reliſh it. 16 volt a karar STACHYS PALUSTRIS. CLOWN'S ALLHEAL. STACHYS Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Corolla lab. fuper. fornicatum, lab. inferius lateribus reflexum, intermedia majore emarginata. STAMINA deflorata verſus latera reflexa. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. STACHYS paluftris verticillis fubfexfloris, foliis lineari lanceolatis femiamplexicaulibus feffilibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 447. Sp. Pl. 811. Fl. Suec. n. 528. STACHYS foliis hirſutis, elliptico-lanceolatis, breviter petiolatis, verticilis fpicatis. Haller Hift. n. 257 STACHYS paluſtris. Scopoli Fl. Carn. 11. 707. . STACHYS paluſtris fætida. Bauh pin. 236. SIDERITIS Anglica ſtrumoſa radice. Park. 587. PANAX coloni. Gerard. emac. p. 1005. Raii Syn. p. 242. Clown's Allheal. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 313. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 259. а RADIX perennis, repens, ftolonibus plurimis, albis, per ROOT perennial, creeping, ſhoots numerous, white, terram in longum extenfis, quorum extremi- extending under ground to a great length, tates fub finem æftatis in tubera intumef- their extremities at the cloſe of the ſummer. cunt. becoming tuberous. CAULIS bipedalis, erectus, ramofus, fiſtulofus, qua- STALK two feet high, upright, branched, hollow, drangularis, lateribus planiufculis, angulis four corner'd, the ſides flattiſh, the corners hiſpidulis, pilis deorfum verfis, geniculatus, ſomewhat hifpid with hairs which turn down- geniculis piloſis, purpureis. ward, jointed, the joints hairy, and purple. RAMI cauli fimiles. BRANCHES like the ſtalk. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, fubamplexicaulia, lanceolata, LEAVES oppoſite, feffile, flightly embracing the ſtalk, patentia, ferrata, ſubrugofa, nervo medio fub- lanceolate, ſpreading, ſerrated, fomewhat tus fcabriuſculo. wrinkly, the midrib on the under ſide of the leaf roughilh. FLORES verticillati, ſpicati, pallide purpurei, verti- FLOWERS of a pale purple colour, growing in whirls cillis decem floris, octo in circulum difpofitis, which form a ſpike, in each whirl is ten uno utrinque ſuperimpofito. flowers, eight placed circularly, and one on each fide above them. SPICA (pithamza, erecta. SPIKE fix or eight inches high. BRACTEÆ ovato-acuminatæ, integerrimæ, hirſutæ, FLORAL-LEAVES ovate and pointed, entire, hirſute, trinerves, deflexæ. threerib'd, and turned downward. CALYX : PERIANIHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, divided quinquefidum, hirſutulum, purpurafcens, li- into five ſegments, flightly hirfute, purpliſh, neis decem elevatis notatum, ore patulo, den- marked with ten elevated lines, the mouth tibus ſubæqualibus, acuminatis. fig. 1. open, the teeth nearly equal and pointed. fig.I. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, tubus breviſſimus, COROLLA monopetalous, ringent; tube very fhort, cylindraceus, pilis interne coronatus, faux cylindrical, crowned internally with hairs; oblonga, compreſſiuſcula, ſubincurvata, punc- mouth oblong, ſomewhat flattened and a little tis duobus prominulis ad baſin labii ſuperioris, bent, marked with two prominent dots at the labium fuperius erectum, fubovatum, fornica- baſe of the upper lip; upper lip upright, fome- tum, emarginatum, fuperne vifcidum, labium what ovate, arched, nicked, and viſcid at top; inferius majus, trifidum, albo et purpureo the lower lip larger, divided into three ſeg- pulchre variegatum, lacinulâ intermedia maxi- ments, beautifully variegated with white and ma, concava. fig. 2. 3. 4. purple, the middle ſegment very large and hollow. fig. 2. 3. 4. STAMINA: FILAMENT A quatuor, quorum duo paulo STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, two of which are fome- breviora, ad lentem fubpilofa, medio craffiora, what ſhorter than the other two, hairy when rubicunda, nitida; ANTHERÆ e purpureo- magnified, thickeſt in the middle, reddiſh and nigricantes ; POLLEN album. fig. 5. 6. ſhining ; ANTHERÆ, of a purpliſh black co- lour; POLLEN white. fig. 5. 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN quadripartitum ; STYLUS fili- PISTILLUM: GERMEN divided into four parts; STYLE formis longitudine ſtaminum ; STIGMA bifi- thread ſhaped, the length of the ſtamina ; dum, acutum. fig. 7. 8. 9. STIGMA bifid, and pointed. fig: 7. 8. 9. 奈杰尔​会​公​众志​态​字​太 ​a Gerard has been extremely laviſh in his praiſes of this plant as a vulnerary, whence it has acquired its name of Clown's Wound-wort, or All-heal. He mentions the caſe of a labouring man, who in reaping cut a deep gaſh in his leg, which by the application of this herb was preſently healed, and which doubtleſs would have healed equally ſoon from the application of any other ſimple herb, or a little dry lint. In found conſtitutions nature often performs wonders in this way, which generally are attributed to the application. It behoves the Farmer to know it, as it is a very noxious plant in many corn-fields, encreaſing very much by its roots, which towards the cloſe of the ſummer become tuberous at their extremities; it encreafes alſo by feed. Hogs are ſaid by LINNÆUS to be fond of the roots; when the crop is off they may probably be turned into thoſe fields where the plant abounds to great advantage. It is not confined to corn fields, but is often met with by road fides, eſpecially in moiſt ſituations. It flowers in July and Auguft. 208 8 4 e Stachys palustris 22 11 7 10 UN NE 13 Op sic CH soluto le SCUTELLARIA galericulata. Common HOODED WILLOW-HERB . SCUTELLARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Calyx ore integro: poft floreſcentiam claufo, operculato. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. SCUTELLARIA galericulata foliis cordato-lanceolatis crenatis, floribus axillaribus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 457. Sp. Pl. 835. Fl. Suecic. n. 538. CASSIDA foliis oblonge cordatis crenatis verticillis nudis bifloris. Haller Hift. 280. CASSIDA galericulata. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. 74. LYSIMACHIA cærulea galericulata, ſeu Gratiola cærulea. Bauh. pin. 246. LYSIMACHIA galericulata. Gerard, emac. 477. GRATIOLA cærulea, f. latifolia major. Park. 221. CASSIDA paluſtris vulgatior flore cæruleo. Raii Syn. p. 244. Hooded Willow-herb. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 265. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 320. RADIX perennis, tenuis, geniculata, alba, repens. ROOT perennial, ilender, jointed, white and creeping. CAULES pedales aut bipedales, erecti, quadrati, la- STALKS from one to two feet high, upright, ſquare, teribus concaviuſculis, bilineatis, geniculati, the ſides a little hollow'd and mark'd with rigiduli, ramofi, ramis oppofitis, luberectis. two lines, jointed, ftiffith, branched, the branches oppoſite and nearly upright. FOLIA oblongo-cordata, obtuſiuſcula, inæqualiter cre- LEAVES of an oblong heart ſhape, ſomewhat blunt, nata, fuperiora acuta. ſtanding on footſtalks, rather wrinkly and unequally crenated, thoſe on the top of the plant pointed. BRACTEÆ duæ, minimæ, ſetaceæ, ad baſin pedun- FLORAL-LEAVES two, very ſmall and ſetaceous, culi. at the baſe of the flower ſtalk. FLORES bini, fecundi, cærulei, villofi, ſubtus albidi. FLOWERS growing in pairs, one way, of a blue co- lour, downy, and whitiſh underneath. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, breviffimum, CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, very ſhort, tubulatum : ore truncato, fquamula incum- and tubular; the mouth as if cut off, having bente operculi inſtar claufilis. fig. 1. a ſcale on it which ſeems to do the office of a lid. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens. Tubus breviffimus, COROLLA monopetalous and ringent. Tube very retrorſum flexus. Faux longa, compreffa. La- ſhort and bent backwards. Throat long, com- bium ſuperius concavum, trifidum : lacinula media preſſed. upper Lip hollow, and trifid, the concava, emarginata ; lateralibus planis, acu- middle ſegment hollow and nicked; the ſide ones tiufculis, intermediæ ſubjectis. Labium infe- flat, pointed and placed under the middle one, rius latius, emarginatum, fig. 2. Lower Lip broad and nicked. fig. 2. STAMINA : FILAMENTA quatuor alba, medio craſ- STAMINA : four white FILAMENTS, thickeſt in the fiora et ad unum latus villoſula, duo breviora : middle and a little villous on one ſide, two ANTHERÆ parvæ, luteæ. fig. 3. ſhorter than the others; ANTHERÆ ſmall and yellow. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum ; STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN divided into four parts, STYLE fuperne paululum incraffatus, STIGMA fim- towards the top a little thickend ; STIGMA plex, incurvatum, acuminatum. fig. 4. 5. 6. ſimple, hooked and pointed. fig. 4. 5. 6. PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx bipartibilis, operculo SEED-VESSEL: none, the Calyx which ſplits into clauſus, capſulæ vicem gerens. two parts, being cloſed by its lid anſwers the purpoſe of a capſule. SEMINA I ad 4 fubrotunda, pallide fuſca, fuper- SEEDS from one to four, roundiſh, of a pale brown ficie ſcabra. fig. 9. 10. colour, with a roughiſh ſurface. fig. 9. 10. RECEPTACULUM feminum fubrotundum. fig. 8. RECEPTACLE of the feeds roundith. fig. 8. : BOTANY would certainly pleaſe more in the ſtudy of it, were the Genera as in the preſent inſtance diſtinctly characterized, the fingular and curious conſtruction of the Calyx in this genus is very deſerving of a minute attention. This ſpecies of Scutellaria grows commonly on the edges of rivers and ponds, and flowers in June, July and Auguſt. It has a very encreaſing root, and hence ſhould cautiouſly be introduced into the Garden. HALLER attributes to it the ſmell of Garlick which it ſcarcely merits. 155 8 3 $6 S Secutellaria galericulata Sansom hulp GN OF и аяу аудаасироя MULTU92 MUVAIHASTAA Амача оид Али таа... 0 і ТТНЯЯТТИК salinga tifon ensimore mobited illoro ellydą zile Consool JATELOMON 21013 AUDI 00012 TOUT canal 81.0.10. ... 2. disodurong audilus esimrals eitsvo z ct matang MUMIHAITVA timola eurd worraqut ceitsgurtoo simizi vo celotive sinodotoya olus MUMINSATZA . раіr іnhnii te ЛИНИЯЛІТИКА De todo a bartoirt flora brod SRL ibon time I bavnel-bne 8 od 03 (2) acitet uit bus dided ai ni tofan CE eid asiq 3sds moit bomiugatilib ylsnit i istnim ti dich uslq on roulerogen coisgt dtod ni 20 let od 10 stort solistis sed ni busot crawa Insig dog od ai Lodows oda to bombni ulicionsg brbon browse diti onols 29900 100 dous gaiqarlo etoituat sit si Stoqquitot nolset ou ei stodo animae 7o ost ori si navige dynodi A to Yuste ni ebriods satu od Hnil tuoda gi vorg laionog elit sitesinler and to ni bunot sd ym stolt ort rom ni bonudno sode bus in odi to stuzzi ileto dodamo nos bbon stort ni ylitolsolimong worsport esanog metni list : Brons to come ad suosiva noia rol od moltold of bas lotissiq vidriolo vuol di band Intyros montsla foto ou de bovolheu od மைலாபா tee valta? Lord Siwod blott mos e ANTIRRHINUM SPURIUM. ROUND-LEAVED FLUELLIN. ANTIRRHINUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Cal. 5. phyllus. Corolla bafis deorſum prominens, nectarifera. Capſula 2- locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPETALO. ANTIRRHINUM Spurium foliis ovatis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 464. Sp. Pl. 851. ANTIRRHINUM caule procumbente, foliis villoſis, ovatis, imis conjugatis, fuperioribus alternis. Haller. Hift. p.771. ANTIRRHINUM Spurium. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. 771. ELATINE folio fubrotundo. Bauhin pin. 252. Park. 533. VERONICA fæmina Fuchſii ſeu Elatine Ger. em. 625. LINARIA Elatine dicta folio ſubrotundo. Raii Syn. p.* 282. Round-leaved Female Fluellin. p Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 272. The Antirrhinum fpurium bears ſo great an affinity in its habit and fructifications (vid. fig. 1, 2, 3.) to the Elatine, that it would be ſuperfluous to deſcribe it minutely; it is ſufficiently diſtinguiſhed from that plant by its leaves alone, which in this ſpecies are always round, in that haſtate, at leaſt thoſe of the ſtalk, for in both ſpecies the leaves next the root are roundiſh and generally indented; of the two the ſpurium is the largeſt plant. Although LINNÆUS has given it the name of fpurium, there is no reaſon to ſuppoſe it the ſpurious offspring of the Elatine, as the two plants generally grow ſeparate. About Alton, in Hampſhire, the ſpurium abounds in many corn fields, without the leaſt mixture of the Elatine ; and about Coomb-wood, in Surry, the Elatine may be found in plenty, without the leaſt traces of the Spurium : while in ſome counties they grow promiſcuouſly in the ſame field. The round-leaved is by far the ſcarceft plant near town; I found it laſt July tolerably plentiful and in bloſſom, in a corn field betwixt Beckenham and Shirley Common. Blo w umumky umenjumpain ga COG 1.58 6 . 2... Brufta murata ONIL Bicy OF BRASSICA MURALIS. WILD ROCKET. BRASSICA Linnæi Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Cal. erectus, connivens. Sem globofa. Glandula inter ftamina breviora et piſtillum, interque longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALE SILIQUOSE ET SILICULOSE, BRASSICA muralis foliis lanceolatis finuato ferratis læviuſculis, caule erecto glabro. Hudſon Fl. Angl, Þ. 290. ERUCA foliis glabris, pinnatis, pinnis linearibus difformibus. Haller hift. n. 461. ERUCA ſylveſtris. Matt. in Diofc. p. 531. cum icone. ERUCA tenuifolia perennis flore luteo. 4. B. 2. 861. ERUCA fylveftris. Gerard emac. 246. ERUCA ſylveſtris vulgatior. Parkinſon. 818. ERUCA ſylveſtris major vulgatior foetens. Hift. Ox. II. 230. Raii Syn. p. 296. Wild Rocket. : u- a line, fig. 9. RADIX perennis, ſublignofa, intra muros profunde ROOT perennial, fomewhat woody, penetrating deep penetrans, vix evellanda. into the walls, ſcarcely to be pulled out. CAULIS ſeſquipedalis, erectus, ramoſus, teres, baſi STALK a foot and a half high, upright, branched, ſubliguofus, perennans. round, at bottom ſomewhat woody and pe- rennial. FOLIA pinnatifido-laciniata, glabra, patentia, odoris LEAVES pinnatifid and jagged, ſmooth, ſpreading, ingrati. of a diſagreeable ſmell. CALYX priufquam flores aperiuntur quafi bicornis, CALYX before the flowers are expanded has the ap- cornibus brevibus, pilo uno, alterove inſtruct- pearance of having two horns, which are is; flore aperto tetraphyllus, foliolis oblongis, ſhort, and furniſhed with one, or two hairs; concavis, duobus cum apicibus gibboſis deor- on the expanſion of the petals, it is compoſed ſum tendentibus, duobus erectis. fig. 1. 2. 3. of four, oblong, hollow leaves, two of which, being gibbous at top hang downl, and the other two ſtand upright. fig. 1. 2. 3. COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, majuſcula, calyce COROLLA four PETALS, rather large, twice the duplo longiora, unguiculata, erecta, flava. length of the calyx, clawed, upright, and of fig. 4. a yellow colour. fig. 4. NECTAŘIUM : Glandula quatuor, duo extra baſın NECTARY : four Glands, two placed on the outſide filamentorum præter morem longæ, apice ex- of the baſe of the filaments, unuſually long, trorſum incurvatæ, duo intra bafin filamen- externally bent in at top, two placed on the torum breviora, ſubrotunda. fig. 7. 8. inſide of the baſe of the filaments, ſhorter and roundiſh. fig. 7.8. STAMINA : FILAMENT A fex, quorum duo breviora, STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, two of which are ſhort- ſubulata, erecta, flaveſcentia; ANTHERÆ in- er than the reſt, tapering, upright and yel- cumbentes, ſubſagittatæ. fig. 5. lowiſh; ANTHER Æ laying acroſs the filaments, and ſomewhat arrow-ſhaped. fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, tenue ; STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblong, ſlender, Style very breviſſimus; STIGMA capitatum. fig. 6. ſhort ; STIGMA forming a little head. fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: Siliqua feſquiuncialis, teres, SEED-VESSEL: a Pod about an inch and a half long, trinque linea prominenti notata. fig. 9. round, mark'd on each ſide with a prominent SEMINA plurima, minuta, fuſca, ſubovata, compref- SEEDS numerous, ſmall, brown, ſomewhat oval, and fiuſcula. a little flatten’d. MATTHIOLUS, one of the firſt Botaniſts who has taken notice of this plant, calls it Eruca ſylveſtris, and has given us a tolerable good figure of it, fufficient at leaſt with his annexed deſcription to identify it : ČASPAR BAU- HINE quotes this plant from Matthiolus, with this addition, Eruca ſylveſtris major lutea caule aſpero, now there cer- tainly is no appearance either in the plant, in Matthiolus's deſcription, or figure, which juſtifies thoſe expreſſions, for as TOURNEFORT obſerves in his Hift. des plantes des environs de Paris the branches have ſometimes a few ſmall hairs on them but by no means can they be called rough, this deſcription of Bauhine's has therefore created much confuſion, nor is the name of J. BAUHINE which Tournefort has adopted perhaps totally free from objection, the term tenuifolia though proper when placed as the oppoſite to latifolia, in the preſent inſtance is liable to miſlead. Did we entertain the leaſt idea of the inſufficiency of Matthiolus’s, figure or deſcription, TOURNEFORT and RAY have deſcribed it with ſo much accuracy as to leave no doubt of their being well acquainted with it, they both particularize its diſagreeable ſmell, Tournefort's expreſſions are ſon odeur approche de celle des huiles fétides re&tifiées ſur la chaux vive; Rays odor totius planta fætidus et ingratus, noftris ſaltem naribus ; if any thing more were wanting to their deſcriptions we might add fome peculiarities in its fructifications, as that the Calyx before it opens ap- pears to have two little ſhort horns from each of which iſſue one or more fine hairs, when the flower is expanded two of the leaves of the Calyx ſtand almoſt upright, while the other two bend back, and that two of the glands are uncommonly long. Mr. Hudson in the firſt edition of his Flora Anglica, calls this plant Braſſica Erucaſtrum, in the ſecond edition he has made it a new ſpecies, it certainly does not accord with Linnæus's ſpecific deſcription of that plant, its fructifications denote it to be a Braſſica, and it does not agree with any of the other ſpecies of Braſſica in LINNÆUS, I have therefore adopted Mr. Hudson's name. The Garden Rocket Braſſica Eruca was formerly much cultivated in Gardens for medicinal uſe and for Sallads ; but is at preſent leſs common, the feeds have a pungent taſte of the muſtard kind but weaker, they have long been celebrated as aphrodiſiacs, and may, probably, have in ſome caſes a title to this virtue in common with other acrid plants, and this as Ray obſerves, was not only the opinion of the Phyſicians but alſo of the Poets of former times, which he illuſtrates by the following quotations : MARTIAL. Et Venerem revocans Eruca morantem. COLUMELLA. Excitat ad Venerem tardos Eruca maritos. Ovid. Nec minùs Erucas jubeo vitare falaces. The Braſſica muralis grows very plentifully in and about London, and is I believe of general growth on moſt of the old Walls and Caſtles throughout England, with us in particular it grows on the walls around the Tower, at the back of Bedlam, and near Hyde-Park, it is alſo frequently found among rubbiſh, it flowers during the greateſt part of the ſummer. a lor Bolossal sud con AT យ opru divados soft autobio SARAJIO CARDAMINE AMARA. BITTER Bitter LADIES-SMOCK. ВІ CARDAMINE Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Siliqua elaſtice diſfiliens, valvulis revo- lutis. Stigma integrum, Calyx ſubhians. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALÆ SILIQUOSÆ et SILICULOS Æ. CARDAMINE amara foliis pinnatis axillis ſtoloniferis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 497. p. 915. Fl. Suecic. 11. 586. CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, fubrotundis, angulofis. Haller. hiſt. 474. CARDAMINE ſtolonifera Scopoli, ic. 39 ? NASTURTIUM aquaticum majus et amarum. Bauh. pin. 104. CARDAMINE flore majore elatior. Tourn. Inft. R. H. Raii Syn. 291. Bitter Creffes. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 294. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 350. RADIX perennis, tenuis, albida, repens. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, baſi ſtoloniferus, flexuoſus, ſubangulatus, glaber, ramoſus. FOLIA radicalia magna, rotundata, fubintegerrima; caulina fuberecta, pinnata, pinnarum paria plerumque tria cum impari, pinnæ oblongæ, angulatæ, angulis denticulo terminatis, læves, margine ad lentem viſæ minutim ciliatæ, ex- timâ majori et in plures angulos divisâ. a FLORES albi, pro magnitudine plantæ, minores, flof- culis Cardamines pratenſis perquam fimiles, nunquam vero colorati. PEDUNCULÍ ebracteati, teretes, læves alterni. ROOT perennial, ſlender, whitiſh, and creeping. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, at bottom throwing out runners from the alæ of the leaves, crooked, ſomewhat angular, ſmooth, ſhining, and branched. LEAVES next the root large, round, and almoſt per- fectly entire ; on the ſtalk nearly upright, pin- nated, conſiſting for the moſt part of three pair of pinnä with an odd one, pinnæ oblong, angular, each angle terminated by a ſmall tooth or point, ſmooth, the edge, if viewed with a magnifier, appearing finely ciliated, the terminal pinna larger than the others, and divided into more angles. FLOWERS white, confidering the largeneſs of the plant rather ſmall, very like thofe of the com- mon Ladies-ſmock, but never coloured. PEDUNCULES without any bractæa, round, ſmooth, and alternate. CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, the leaves oblong, hollow, upright, yellowiſh, membra- nous at the edge, and deciduous. fig. 1. COROLLA : four PETALS, ſomewhat upright, white, with a greeniſh baſe, of an oblong-oval ſhape, ſlightly notched, flat, with lines deeply en- graven. fig. 2. STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, two of which are ſhorter than the others, tapering and white; AN- THERÆ incumbent, purple, the top rolled up. fig. 5. 3. GLANDS as in the common Ladies-ſmock. fig. 7. GERMEN flat, finely jointed, the length of the ſta- mina; STYLE ſhort and oblique ; STIGMA very minute. fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: Pod and Seeds ſimilar to thoſe of the common Ladies-ſmock, but larger. fig. 8. 9. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis con- cavis, erectis, flaveſcentibus, margine mem- branaceis, deciduis. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETAL A quatuor, ſuberecta, alba, baſi vireſcentia, oblongo-ovata, ſubemarginata, plana, lineis profundis exarata. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, quorum duo breviora, fubulata, alba; ANTHERÆ incumbentes, pur- pureæ ; apicibus convolutis. fig. 5. 3. GLANDULÆ ut in Cardamine pratenfi. fig. 7. GERMEN compreffum, minute articulatum, longitu- dine ftaminum; STYLUS brevis, obliquus ; STIGMA minimum. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Siliqua et Semina ficut in Cardamine pratenſi , nifi majora. fig. 8.9. : The Cardamine amara differs from the pratenſis in divers reſpects, yet its affinity is ſo conſiderable as often to occafion its being miſtaken for it ; if the following characters, which diſtinguiſh it in particular from that plant, are attended to, the ſtudent will not eaſily be miſled. The Cardamine pratenſis is a plant common in almoſt every wet meadow, this on the contrary is much more local, and rather affects to grow on the edges of rivulets and ſtreams of water, than in the open meadow; the Italk-leaves of the pratenſis are uſually narrow, the ſides cloſing almoſt together, theſe on the contrary are large, broad, and very angular, more reſembling indeed the water-crefs, from which ſimilarity this plant has obtained among the old Botaniſts the name of Naſturtium; it is in every reſpect a larger plant than the pratenfis, its bloſſoms excepted, which are nearly of the ſame ſize; and, as in the pratenſis they are always of a purple colour, more or leſs deep, ſo in this they are always perfectly white, the antheræ, which in the pratenſis are of a yellow colour, here form a ſtriking contraſt, and appear of a deep purple, and that, ſo far as I have obſerved, invariably, the tips of them are alſo more curled up; the ſtyle, which in the pratenſis is upright, in the amara has an unuſual obliquity in it, which I believe has not been noticed; towards the bottom of the ſtalk the amara is more diſpoſed to throw out runners from the alæ of the leaves than the pratenſis, but this character depends, in a conſiderable degree, on the circumſtances of ſituation, moiſture, &c. the pratenfis has a ſimilar diſpoſition in degree, and I have ſeen it throw out roots from the midrib of the bottom leaves. This plant may be conſidered as one of our plantæ rariores, I have noticed it here and there on the banks of the Thames, and the creeks running from it about Batterſea and Chelſea, Mr. Alchorne has obſerved it about Lewa iſham, and in the neighbourhood of Uxbridge, it grows in abundance. It flowers in May, and ripens its feed in June. Its virtues and uſes remain to be diſcovered, it has a ſtrong biting taſte of the crefs kind, but not that degree of bitterneſs which would juſtify the epithet amara. 158 Cardamine amara. NO OF 173 6 Mive 5... Cardamine, pratensis. 17 U OF Bic CARDAMINE PRATENSIS. COMMON LADIES-SMOCK. CARDAMINE Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA Siliqua elaſtice diffiliens valvulis revolutis. Stigma integrum. Cal. ſubhians, Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALÆ SILIQUOSE ET SILICULOSæ. CARDAMINE pratenfis foliis pinnatis : foliolis radicalibus fubrotundis, caulinis lanceolatis. Lin. Syz Vegetab. p. 497. Sp. Pl. 915. Fl. Suec. n. 585. CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, radicalibus fubrotundis, caulinis linearibus. Haller. bift. n. 473. CARDAMINE pratenſis, Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 819. NASTURTIUM pratenfe magno flore Bauh. p. 104. FLOS CUCULI Dod. pempt. 592. CARDAMINE Ger. emac. 259- NASTURTIUM pratenſe majus five Cardamine latifolia. Parkins 285. Raii Syn. p. 299. Ladies Smock or Cuckow-flower. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 294. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 349. fig. 3. RADIX perennis, craffiuſcula, alba, multis fibris te- ROOT perennial, thickiſh, white, furniſhed with a nuibus capillata. large tuft of fine fibres. CAULIS dodrantalis, erectus, apice parum ramofus, STALK about nine inches high, upright, at top a teres, obſolete angulofus, lævis, firmus, pur- little branched, round, ſcarce perceptibly purafcens. angular, ſmooth, ftiffiſh, with a purpliſh tinge. FOLIA radicalia fæpius manca, in orbem fparfa, pin- LEAVES next the root frequently imperfe&, ſpreading nata, pinnis fubrotundis, inequaliter triden- in a circular form, pinnated, the pinnæ round- tatis, extimo majori, et fæpius quinque den- iſh, running out into three unequal angles or tato, breviffime pedicellata, levia ; caulina teeth, the outermoſt largeſt, and having for pinnata, erecta, pinnis plurimis, confertis, the moſt part five angles, ſtanding on very ſublinearibus, concavis. ſhort footitalks and imooth; thoſe on the ftalk pinnated, upright, the pinnæ numerous, growing thickly together, ſomewhat linear and hollow. RACEMUS terminalis, pedunculatus, nudus, glaber. RACEMUS, or Flower-bunch, terminal, furniſhed with footſtalks, naked and ſmooth. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ova- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, which are to-oblongis, obtufis, margine membranaceis, oval, obtuſe, membranous at the edge, hol- concavis, alternis bafi gibbofis, deciduis. fig. 1. low, the alternate ones gibbous at the baſe, and deciduous. fig. 1. COROLLA cruciformis, dilute purpurea ſeu albida ; COROLLA croſs-ſhaped, of a pale purple or whitiſh Petala obovata, fubemarginata, unguibus fla- colour ; Petals inverſely oval, lightly notched, veſcentibus, longitudine calycis. fig. 2. claws of a yellowiſh colour, the length of the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, ſubulata, quorum duo STAMINA: fix Filaments, tapering, the two ſhort- breviora, incurvata ; ANTHER Æ cordato line- eſt of which bend inward ; ANTHERA heart- ares, incumbentes, flavæ. fig. 3. ſhaped yet linear, incumbent and yellow. NECTARIUM: Glandula quatuor, quorum duo fila- NECTARY : four Glands, two of which ſurround the mentorum breviorum bafin cingunt, duo ex- baſe of the ſhorteſt filaments, and two are tra bafin filamentorum longiorum locantur. placed on the outſide of the baſe of the long filaments. PISTILLUM: Germen cylindraceum, tenue ; Sty- PISTILLUM: GERMEN cylindrical, and flender ; LUS breviffimus; STIGMA capitatum, fta- STYLE very ſhort ; STIGMA forming a little minibus paulo brevior. fig. 4. 5. head, and not quite ſo long as the ſtamina. fig. 4. 5: PERICARPIUM: Siliqua cylindraceo-compreffa, bi- SEED-VESSEL: a Pod cylindrical, and ſomewhat locularis, bivalvis, valvulis dehiſcendo fpira- flattened, of two cavities and two valves, raliter revolutis. fig. 6. 7. the valves in opening curling up. fig. 6. 7 SEMINA plurima, comprefia, flaveſcentia. fig. 8. SEEDS numerous, flattened and yellowiſh. fig. 3. The flowers of the Cardamine pratenſis were a few years ſince introduced into practice, and recommended as fer- viceable in various ſpaſmodic complaints by Sir W. BAKER, in the firſt volume of the Medical Tranſactions, ſuch as the convulſive Aſthma, ſpaſms of the abdominal and other muſcles, St. Vitus's Dance, Epilepſy, &c. the doſe recommended was from a ſcruple to half a drachm or more of the powder of the dried flowers, to be taken morning and evening. From the diſuſe into which this medicine has fallen, it ſhould ſeem that it had not anſwered the expectations of ſucceeding practitioners neither here nor abroad. Vid. Murray's Apparat. Medicam. V. 2. p. 320. It gives a name to the Papilio Cardamine or Orange-tip Butterfly, which according to LINNÆUS feeds on it. Sometimes it is found with double flowers, in which ſtate it is kept in the gardens of the curious, where it requires a moiſt ſhady ſituation. In the colour of its bloffoms it is ſubject to much variation, they are uſually white, with a tinge of purple, and ornament our meadows in the delightful month of May, as deſcribed by Shakeſpeare in Loves Labour loft : When daiſies py'd and violets blue, And cuckow-buds of yellow hue, And LADY-SMOCKs all filver white Do paint the meadows with delight, &c. It probably acquired its plain Engliſh name of Lady-ſmock from the white appearance which its blofiom gives to the meadows where it abounds, reſembling linen bleaching on the graſs : " When maidens bleach their ſummer ſmocks, a practice very general formerly, when moſt families ſpun and bleached their own linen. a ME MULT MUSTADT Solo AVI sono omited un UL म ofesymbinim sylvestre 14. Somemabutip UNIL OF HO SISYMBRIUM SYLVESTRE. CREEPING WATER-ROCKET. СКЕТ . SISYMBRIUM Linnæi. Gen. Plant. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA, Siliqua dehiſcens valvulis rectiuſculis. Cal. patens. Cor. patens Raii. Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALE SILIQUOSA ET SILICULOSÆ. SISYMBRIUM fylveſtre filiquis declinatis oblongo-ovatis, foliolis lanceolatis ferratis. Lin. Syft: vegetab. p. 497 SISYMBRIUM foliis pinnatis, pinnis dentatis diffitis Haller. Hift. n. 485. SISYMBRIUM Roripa ? Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 823. SISYMBRIUM paluftre repens Naſturtii folio. Tournefort plant autour de Paris P: 37. ERUCA ſylveſtris minor luteo parvoque flore Bauhin pin. 98. ERUCA quibufdam fylveftris repens, flofculo luteo Bauh. Hift . 2 p. 866. ERUCA aquatica Ger. emac. 248. Park. 1242. Rali. Syn. 297. Water-Rocket. Raii. Hift. p. 8.8. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 296. Lightfoot Fl. Scot p. 351, ores. a RADIX perennis; albida, tenuis, inſigniter repens, ROOT perennial, whitiſh, ſlender, remarkably cree- , , plurimis germinibus tuberculoſa. ping, thickly befet with germs which give it a knobbed appearance, CAULES plurimi, pedales, fuberecti, debiles, inter- STALKS numerous, a foot high, nearly upright, dum purpurafcentes, glabri, angulato-ſtriati, weak; ſometimes purpliſh, ſmooth, ſomewhat ramoſi, ramis hirſutulis. angular and finely grooved, branched, the branches very flightly hairy. FOLIA radicalia pinnatifida, pinnis ſubovatis, denta- LEAVES next the root pinnatifid, the pinnæ or ſmall to-ſerratis, lævia, petiolo purpurafcente, eau- leaves ſomewhat oval, toothed or ſawed, and lina alterna, fubpinnatifida, pinnis lanceo- ſmooth, the leaf ſtalk purpliſh, leaves on the latis, ferratis, integriſve. ſtalk alternate, ſerrated or entire. PETIOLUS ſuperne canaliculatus, FLOWER-STALK hollowed above. FLORES parvi, lutei. FLOWERS ſmall and yellow. PEDUNCULUS communis multiflorus, flexuoſus, FLOWER-STALK: the general flower-ſtalk bent in Pedunculi proprii alterni, patentes, aut ſurſum and out and ſupporting many flowers, the paululum curvati, filiquâ plerumque longi- partial ones alternate, ſpreading almoſt ho- rizontally, or bent a little upwards, generally longer than the pod. CALYX : PERIANTIUM tretraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, which are concavis, erectis, æqualibus, flaveſcentibus, oval, hollow, upright, equal and yellowiſh. fig. 1. fig. 1. COROLLA : PETALA quatuor, unguiculata, obtuſa, COROLLA: four PETALS each having a claw, and patentia, calyce paulo longiora, fig. 2. blunt at the point, ſpreading and a little longer than the calyx, fig. 2. NECTARIUM: Glandulæ quatuor, ſaturate virides, NECTARY: four glands, of a deep green colour, in circulum coadunatæ. united in a circle. STAMINA: FILAMENT fex, quorum duo breviora, STAMINA : fix filaments, two of which are ſhorter fubulata, flava; ANTHERÆ incumbentes, than the others, tapering, and yellow, AN- fig. 3. THER Æ laying acroſs the Filaments. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Genmen oblongum, teres, longitudine PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblong, round, the length ftaminum, fig. 5, STYLUS breviffimus; STIG- of the ſtamina fig. 5, STYLE very ſhort ; MA capitatum, villoſum. fig. 4. STIGMA forming a little head and villous. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: SILIQUA brevis, vix ſemuncialis, SEED-VESSEL a ſhort Pod, ſcarce half an inch teres, ſurfum eurvata, plerumque abortiva, long, round, bending upwards, generally abortive. fig: 6, fig. 6. TOURNEFORT in his Hiſtoire des Plantes des environs de Paris, has deſcribed our plant with much accuracy, it appears from his account to be plentifull not only along the banks of the Seine, but in the the courts before Houſes, and in moſt moiſt ſituations, it is alſo deſcribed by Ray, in his Hiſt. Plant; with us it is not of ſuch general growth but in thoſe ſituations in which it does occur we find it in great abundance; the watery part of Tothill Fields Weſtminſter is over run with it; I ſcarcely know any plant that requires to be introduced into a Gar- den with more caution than this, eſpecially if the ground be moiſt. It continues to flower from June to September. Both Ray and TOURNEFORT mention the feeds of this plant, it is probable they found it growing in a dry ſituation favourable to their ripening, the feed veffells which I have had an opportunity of ſeeing have all proved abortive, which I ſuſpect is natural to the plant as it encreaſes fo conſiderably by its root. This plant affords no ſtriking generic character, but may be referred to almoſt any Genus in the Order. TAW SIZE OS of out obrta in Bar AMO Com ៗ STAVE for Stadt tol Smu an در وارد Geranium pyrenaicum 3 noun 6... 440 2 NIL OF mio CH GERANIUM pyrenaicum, perennial DOVES-FOOT CRANESBILL . . GERANIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Monogyna. Stigmat. 5. Fructus roftratus, 5-coccus. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPETALE VASCULIFERÆ. GERANIUM pyrenaicum pedunculis bifloris, foliis inferioribus quinquepartito-multifidis, rotundatis ; ſuperioribus trilobis, caule erecto. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 514. GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis multifidis, laciniis obtufis, inæqualibus, petalis bifidis. Gerard. F1. Gallo-prov. p. 434. fig. 16. 2. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed 2. p. 302. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 367. a RADIX perennis. ROOT perennial. CAULES fuberecti, pubeſcentes, pedales, et ultra, ra- STALKS nearly upright, and downy, a foot high, or moſi, geniculati, geniculis paululum incraf- more, branched, and jointed, the joints a lit- fatis. tle ſwelled. FOLIA radicalia rotundata, hirſutula, venoſa, margine LEAVES of the root of a roundiſh figure, ſomewhat ſæpe rubicunda, ſeptemlobata, lobis ſubtri- hirſute, and veiny, the edge often reddiſh, fidis, laciniis obtufiuſculis, mucronatis, in- divided into ſeven lobes, each of which is ſub- termedia majore ; caulina oppofita, lobis pau- divided into about three bluntiſh ſegments, cioribus, iifque poftice magis remotis. terminated by a ſhort point, the middle ſeg- ment the largeſt; thoſe of the ſtalk oppoſite, compoſed of fewer lobes, and thoſe more widely ſeparating behind. PETIOLI radicales, prælongi, teretes, pubeſcentes, fi LEAF-STALKS next the root very long, round, and difcindantur extremitatibus ſuis puncta qua- downy, exhibiting if cut acroſs four white tuor alba exhibentes. dots on their extremities. STIPULÆ ad fingula genicula quaternæ, utrinque STIPULÆ: four at each joint, two on each ſide, ſur- binæ, genicula ambientes, bifidæ, vel trifi- rounding the joint, divided into two or three dæ, rubentes, perfiftentes. ſegments; of a reddiſh colour and permanent. PEDUNCULI pubeſcentes, bifidi, biflori, Pedicelli FLOWER-STALKS downy, bifid, ſupporting two longitudine pedunculi , bali ftipulis quaternis flowers, Partial flower-ſtalks the length of minoribus notati. the general one, and furniſhed at bottom with four ſmaller ftipulæ. FLORES majuſculi, purpurei, antequam aperiuntur FLOWERS largiſh and purple, before they open hang- nutantes, poftea erecti. ing down, afterwards becoming upright. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, lacinis CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM divided into five oval ovato-lanceolatis, brevi mucrone fufco obtu- pointed ſegments, terminated by a ſhort brown fiuſculo terminatis, trinervibus, ciliatis, ſub- bluntiſh point, having three ribs, edged with viſcofis. fig. 1. hairs, and ſlightly claimy. fig. 1. COROLLA : PETALA quinque, calyce duplo longi- COROLLA : five Petals twice the length of the ora, obcordata, apice bifida, baſi villofa. fig. 2. calyx, inverſely heart-ſhaped, bifid at top, at bottom villous. fig. 2. NECTARIUM: Glandula quinque flaveſcentes ad baſın NECTARY: five yellowiſh Glands placed at the bot- Staminum. fig. 5. tom of the Stamina. fig. 5. STAMINA : FILAMENTA decem, alba, apice pur- STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, purpliſh at top, An- purafcentia ; ANTHERÆ coeruleſcentes; Pol- THERÆ blueith ; POLLEN white and globular. LEN album, globofum. Antheræ extus pofitæ The outer row of antheræ fhed their pol en pollen præ cæteris dimittunt, et dein deci- firſt and then drop off, but are never infertile. dunt, nunquam vero abortiunt. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen pentagonum, viride; STYLUS PISTILLUM: Germen five corner'd, of a green co- ſulcatus; STIGMATA quinque, longitudine lour ; STYLE grooved; STIGMATA five, the Antherarum. fig. 4. length of the Antheræ. fig. 4. FRUCTUS pentacoccus, Arillus carinatus, hirſutulus. FRUIT compoſed of five prominent feeds, ſeed-cover- ing mark'd with a prominent line, and ſlightly hirſute. fig. 6. SEMEN ovatum, fuſcum, læve. SEED oval, brown, and ſmooth. The great fimilarity exiſting between the preſent Geranium, the molle, and rotundifolium, has occafioned no ſmall confuſion among the ſynonyms of Authors, which as Haller obſerves, are covered with impenetrable obſcurity. Nevertheleſs an attentive obſervance of the plants themſelves, as they grow wild, will ſhew that they may be diſtinguiſhed without any great difficulty. In treating of the molle which is the moſt liable to be miſtaken for this ſpecies, I obſerved that it was ſubject to many varieties, particularly in the colour of its bloffoms, that its ſtalks, always procumbent when the plant grew alone, were liable to grow upright among graſs and herbage, and that in fome rich paſtures the flowers approached almoſt to the ſize of thoſe of the preſent plant.--Having culti- vated moſt of our Engliſh Geraniums I can with certainty declare that the molle is ſtrictly an annual, and the py- renaicum perennial, this then conſtitutes an effential difference between the two, beſides, the pyrenaicum uſually grows to twice the ſize, its bloſſoms alſo are more than thrice as large, it is never procumbent but always nearly upright, and it is likewiſe, with us at leaſt, a much ſcarcer plant. Mons : Gerard in his Flora Galloprovincialis has the merit of firſt giving an accurate deſcription and figure of this plant, he ſuppoſes it to be the Geranium columbinum perenne pyrenaicum maximum of TOURNEFORT whence Lin- NÆUS has given it the name of pyrenaicum ; Mr. Hudson in the firſt edition of his Flora Anglica called it perenne, but in the laſt he has adopted the name of Linnæus, I have hitherto found this plant growing wild in one ſpot only, viz. in the dry part of the paſturage in Batterſea Fields, on the left hand fide of the road as you paſs from London by the Thames fide, betwixt the Red Houſe and Chelſea Bridge. In Chelſea Garden it comes up as a weed and is there found alſo with white flowers. It blows in June and July. fig. 3: fig. 6. 16 volt a karar MALVA ROTUNDIFOLIA. Dwarf Mallow, . WARF MALVA Linnæi Gen. Pl. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Cal. duplex: exterior triphyllus. Arilli plurimi, monoſpermi. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMÆ. MALVA rotundifolia caule proſtrato, foliis cordato-orbiculatis obſolete quinquelobis, pedunculis fructife- ris declinatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 520. MALVA caule repente, foliis cordato orbicularibus, obſolete quinquelobis. Haller hift. 11. 1070. MALVA rotundifolia. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 858. MALVA fylveftris folio rotundo. B. pin. 314. MALVA ſylveſtris pumila. Ger. em. 930. MALVA ſylveſtris minor. Park. 299. Raii fyn. 251. Small wild Mallow or Dwarf Mallow. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 307. Lightfoot. Flor. Scot. p. 375. RADIX annua, in terram alte deſcendens, albida. CAULES plures ex una radice, proſtrati, dodrantales, etiam pedales et ultra, teretes, pubeſcentes, extus purpurafcentes. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, utrinque minutim pubeſ- centia, ſcabriuſcula, ſubrotundo reniformia, quinque vel ſeptemloba; lobis rotundatis, margine ſerrata, ſubtus ſubſeptemnervia, ex- trema fenfim majora, PETIOLI teretes, elongati, pubeſcenti-fcabri, fupra fulcati. STIPULÆ duæ, oppoſitæ, parviuſculæ, lanceolatæ, acutæ, ciliatæ, pubeſcentes. FLORES plerumque gemini, pedunculati, axillares, pedunculis petiolis brevioribus, filiformibus, teretibus, pubeſcentibus, fæpius inæqualibus. ROOT annual, ſtriking deep into the earth, of a whitiſh colour. STALKS ſeveral from one root, laying proftrate on the ground, from nine to twelve inches in length or more, round, downy, and moſt com- monly purpliſh. LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot talks, covered on both fides with a fine down, ſlightly rough, of a roundiſh, kidney-Shaped form, uſually divided into five or ſeven roundiſh lobes, ferrated at the edge, having generally on the under fide ſeven ribs, thoſe fartheſt from the root gradually largeſt. LEAF-STALKS round, long, downy, with a flight roughneſs, grooved on the upper fide. STIPULÆ two, oppoſite, ſmalliſh, lanceolate, point- ed, edged with hairs and downy. FLOWERS generally growing in pairs, connected to flower ſtalks, which ſpring from the alæ of the leaves, and which are ſhorter than the leaf-ftalks, thread ſhaped, round, downy, and for the moſt part unequal. CALYX : : a double PERIANTHIUM, the outer one compoſed of three linear tapering leaves, bluntiſh at the point; the inner one bell- fhaped, downy, with a ſlight roughneſs, di- vided into five ſegments, of an oval pointed ſhape, upright, keeld, the edge ſerrated and flightly waved. fig. 1. COROLLA white, ſtriped with reddiſh veins, PETALS five, of a narrow wedge ſhape, blunt, notch- ed at the extremity, a little longer than the calyx, upright, nearly feffile. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTs numerous, united into one body, the column cylindrical, ſmooth, ſhort- er than the corolla, at top ſhort and looſe. ANTHERÆ ſmall, roundiſh, prickly, hanging down all around. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN orbicular, flatten'd, placed below the receptacle of the corolla ; STYLES numerous, tapering, upright, ſcarcely downy, the length of the ſtamina; STIGMAT A fimple.4. SEEDS as in the ſylveſtris, but ſmaller. fig. 5. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM duplex, exterius triphyl- lum ; foliolis lineari fubulatis, obtufis ; in- terius campanulatum, pubeſcenti ſcabrum, quinquefidum ; laciniis ovato acutis, erectis, carinatis, margine ferratis, ſubundulatis. fig. 1. COROLLA alba, venis rubellis picta, PETALA quinque, lineari cuneiformia, cbtuſa, emar- ginata, calyce paulo longiora, erecta fubfef- filia. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA plurima, monadelpha, co- lumna cylindrica, glabra, corolla breviore, fuperne breviter libera. ANTHERÆ parvæ, fubrotundæ, echinatæ, undique nutantes. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN orbiculatum, depreffum, in- fra receptaculum corollæ ; StylI plures, fubulati, erecti, vix pubeſcentes, longitudine ftaminum ; STIGMATA ſimplicia. fig. 4. SEMINA ut in ſylveſtri, at minora. fig. 5. We meet with this ſpecies of Mallow on dry Banks, alſo under Pales and Walls in great plenty, it is obviouſly diſtinguiſhed from the common mallow by having a procumbent ſtalk, and ſmall white flowers flightly tinged with red. It continues to blow from June to September, HALLER and SCOPOLI deſcribes the ſtalk as creeping, our plant certainly does not creep. M абонентами нарачу о La 170 elle go 0 ou ge -6 3 Lathyrus piraterista EVIDEO Danie Seele 4 2 I of I M LATHYRUS PRATENSIS. MEADOW VETCHLING, LATHYRUS Linn. Gen. Pl. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Stylus planus, fupra villoſus, fuperne latior. Cal. laciniæ fuperiores 2 breviores. Raiz Syn. Gen. 23 HERBÆ FLORE PAPILIONACEÆ SEU LEGUMINOS E. LATHYRUS pratenſis pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis diphyllis fimpliciffimis: foliolis lanceolatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 552. Sp.pl. p. 1033. LATHYRUS ſcapis multifloris, foliis lanceolatis, capreolis fimplicibus. Haller. hift. 436. LATHYRUS pratenfis. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 64. LATHYRUS fylveſtris luteus, foliis viciæ. Bauhin. pin. 344. LATHYRUS luteus ſylveſtris dumetorum. Bauh: hiſt. 2. p. 304. t. 304. LATHYRUS ſylveſtris flore luteo. Ger. emac. 1231. Park. 1062. Raii Syn. p. 320. Tare-everlaſting, common yellow baſtard Vetchling. Hudſon, Fl. Angl. p. 317. ed. 2. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 391. Oeder. Fl. Dan. ic. 527. кото RADIX perennis, albida, repens. CAULIS pedalis, etiam tripedalis et ultra, debilis, cirrhis fuftentatus, angulatus, ſubpiloſus, ramofus. FOLIA bina, lanceolata, trinervia, fubtus villo- ſula. PETIOLI trigoni, ſubpilofi, longitudine ftipularum. STIPULÆ femifagittatæ, latitudine foliorum, hamis duobus fubinde inſtructi. PEDUNCULI tetragoni, longi, ſuboctoflori. FLORES lutei, erecti, racemofi, fecundi. PEDICELLI teretes, villofi, longitudine calycis. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum, breve, cylindraceum, ſubpilofum, quinque- dentatum, dentibus acuminatis, inferioribus longioribus, furſum paulifper curvatis, fig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, vexillum fubemarginatum, reflexum, prope bafin ſuperne foveis duabus intus prominentibus notatum fig. 2; Alæ duæ; apice rotundatæ fig. 3; Carina longitu- dine alarum. fig. 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA diadelpha, (ſimplex et no- vemfidum, fig. 5. 6. affurgentia; ANTHERÆ fubrotundæ, flavæ. PISTILLUM: GERMEN viride, compreffum, oblon- gum; Stylus erectus, fuperne latior apice acuto ; STIGMA a medietate ftyli ad apicem antice villoſum. fig. 7. a fculptore male ex- preflum. PERICARPIUM: Legumen feſquiunciale, compreffum, nigricans, continens Semina octo ad duodecim, ſubrotunda. ROOT perennial, whitiſh and creeping. STALKS a foot high, ſometimes even three feet or more, weak, ſupported by its tendrils, angular, ſlightly hairy, and branched. LEAVES growing in pairs, lanceolate, having three ribs, and flightly downy underneath. LEAF-STALKS three-cornered, fomewhat hairy, the length of the ſtipulæ. STIPULÆ in the ſhape of an half arrow, the breadth of the leaves, ſometimes having two projec- tions behind. FLOWER-STALKS four cornered, long, ſupporting about eight flowers. FLOWERS yellow, upright, growing in a bunch, all one way. PARTIAL FLOWER-STALKS round, villous, the length of the calyx. CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, ſhort, a cylindrical, ſomewhat hairy, furniſhed with five teeth, which are long and pointed, the lowermoft longeſt, and bent a little upwards. COROLLA papilionaceous, Standard ſlightly notched, turned back, on the upper fide near the baſe marked with two little cavities which project inwards, fig. 2; Wings rounded at top fig. 3; Keel the length of the wings fig. 4. STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, riſing upwards, nine united together, and one forming a ſeparate body; fig. 5.6. ANTHERÆ roundith and yellow. PISTILLUM: GERMEN green, flattened, oblong; STYLE upright, broadeft above with a pointed top; Stigma from the middle of the ſtyle to the top villous on the fore part, fig: 7. badly expreffed in the engraving. SEED-VESSEL à Pod an inch and an half long, flat- ten'd, of a blackish colour, containing from eight to twelve roundiſh Seeds. THE following obſervations on this plant by the ingenious author of Effays relating to Agriculture and rural Affairs, will not be unacceptable to ſuch of our readers as are fond of Huſbandry and rural improvements; before I had ſeen his remarks, I had often thought it a plant which at leaft deſerved a trial, and might, in particular foils, be cultivated to advantage. I remember once in particular to have ſeen a piece of ſtiff foil belonging to Lord Loughborough, at his feat near Mircham, which produced an excellent crop of paſturage, conſiſting chiefly of this plant and the Feſtuca pratenſis. It grows very frequently in paſtures and hedges, and flowers in June and July. - The : * The common yellow vetchling, Lalbyrus pratenſis, or everlaſting-tare, might likewiſe be on many occaſions cultivated with profit by the farmer. It grows with great luxuriance in ſtiff clayey foils, and continues to yield annually for any length of time, a great weight of forage, which is deemed to be of the very beſt quality : and as it is equally fit for paſture or for hay, the farmer would have it in his power to apply it to the one or the so other of theſe uſes, at any period that might beſt fuit his convenience.--It is likewiſe attended with this far- “ther advantage, that as it continues to grow with equal vigour in the end of ſummer as in the beginning thereof, it would admit of being paſtured upon in the ſpring, till the middle or even the end of May, ſhould “ it be neceſſary; without endangering the loſs of the crop of hay: which cannot poſſibly be done with rye-grais, or any other plant uſually cultivated by the farmer, except clover ; which is equally unfit for early paſture or “ for hay. This plant would be the more valuable to the farmer that it grows to the greateſt perfection on fuch “ foils as are altogether unfit for producing fain-foin ; the only plant hitherto cultivated that ſeems to poffefs quali- “ ties approaching to thoſe of this one. - It muſt, however, be acknowledged, that the difficulty of procuring feeds " of this plant in abundance, muſt be a very great bar to the general cultivation thereof: for although theſe ripen “ very well in our climate, yet the quantity that it produces is to inconſiderable, and the difficulty of getting them ſeparated from the pod is ſo great, as to make it neceſſary to gather them by the hand; in which way the quantity obtained muſt be very trifling. To counterbalance this defect, however, it may be obſerved that it is not only an abiding plant, which never leaves the ground where it has been once eſtabliſhed; but that it alſo “ increaſes ſo faſt by its running roots, that a very few plants at firſt put into a field, would foon ſpread over the o whole and ſtock it ſufficiently. If a ſmall patch of good ground is ſowed with the ſeeds of this plant in “ rows about a foot diſtant from one another, and the intervals be kept clear of weeds for that ſeaſon, the roots will ſpread ſo much as to fill up the whole patch next year; when the ſtalks may be cut for green fodder “ or for hay. And if that patch were dug over in the ſpring following, and the roots taken out with the hand, 6 it would furniſh a great quantity of plants, which might be planted in ſuch fields as you meant to have filled “ with this, at the diſtance of two or three feet a-part; which would probably there take root, and quickly overſpread the whole field. And as there might always be a ſufficient quantity of the roots left to fill again 66 the patch from whence they were taken, it would be ready to furniſh a freſh fupply the next ſeaſon, and s might thus continue to ſerve as a nurſery for ever afterwards. It appears to me, that this would be the moſt si likely method of propagating this plant with eaſe; but I have not as yet had ſufficient experience thereof to 66 be able either to tell preciſely the expence of it, or to anſwer poſitively for the ſucceſs thereof in all caſes." 60 66 66 . THлдау орта abg Finandi Ltdoor Toga оор 3 10 bis One TV met mootor asisi Tiistud qoidanilo dhe door TRIFOLIUM AGRARIU M. Hop TREFOIL Н . TRIFOLIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Flores fubcapitati. Legumen vix calyce longius, non dehiſcens, deciduum. Raii Syn. Gen. 23. HERBÆ FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOS Æ. TRIFOLIUM agrarium fpicis ovalibus imbricatis: vexillis deflexis perfiftentibus, calycibus nudis, caule erecto. Lin. Syft. Veg. p. 574. Sp. Pl. 1087. Fl. Suecic. 671. TRIFOLIUM ſpicis ovatis denfiffimis, ſtrepentibus, caulibus diffuſis. Haller. hiſt. n. 363. . TRIFOLIUM agrarium. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 931. TRIFOLIUM pratenſe luteum capitulo Lupuli vel agrarium. Bauh. pin. TRIFOLIUM luteum minimum. Ger. emac. 1186. Raii Syn. p. 330. Hop-Trefoil. Oeder. Fl. D. t. 558. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 328. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 409. RADIX annua. ROOT annual. CAULIS palmaris aut dodrantalis, plerumque diffu- STALK from fix to nine inches in length, generally ſus, teres, villoſus, ramofus, fruticuloſus, ſpreading, round, villous, branched, a little fæpe rubens. hard or thrubby, often of a reddiſh colour. STIPULÆbina, ovato-acuminatæ, ftriatæ. STIPULÆ growing in pairs, oval, pointed, and ftriated FOLIA oblongo-cordata, plerumque nuda, nervofa, LEAVES of an oblong heart-Shape, generally ſmooth, nervis plurimis, rectis, acute ferrata. finely rib'd, the ribs ftrait, ſharply fawed about the margin. PETIOLI teretes, foliis ipfis paulo breviores. LEAF-STALKS round, and ſomewhat ſhorter than the leaves themſelves. PEDUNCULI erecti, nudi, petiolis multo longiores. FLOWER-STALKS upright, naked, much longer than the leaf-ſtalks. FLORES quadraginta circiter, imbricatim denfiffime FLOWERS about forty, ſtanding on very ſhort foot- glomerati, vix manifeſte pedicellati, capituli ftalks, which are ſcarce perceptible, laying majuſculi, fubrotundi, primum lutei, demum very cloſe one over the other, and forming fufci. largeiſh heads of a roundiſh ſhape, which at firſt are yellow, and afterwards brown. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM minimum, membranaceum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM very minute, membra- flaveſcens, a corolla ægre diſtinguendum, aut nous, yellowiſh, with difficulty diſtinguiſhed ſeparandum, quinquedentatum, dentibus duo- or ſeparated from the corolla, having five bus fuperioribus breviffimis, tribus inferiori- teeth, of which the two uppermoſt are very bus ſetaceis, pilofis, corolla brevioribus. fig. 1. ſhort, the three lowermoſt ſetaceous, hairy, and ſhorter than the corolla. fig. 1. COROLLA calyce duplo longior, perfiftens, Vexillum COROLLA twice the length of the calyx, perma- ſuberectum, nervoſum, margine ſerratum, nent; Standard nearly upright, rib'd, the peracta floreſcentia magnitudine augetur, et edge ferrated, the flowering being over, it deorfum flectitur; Ala conniventes, vexillo becomes encreaſed in fize and turns back; breviores: Carina minima, intra alas, iiſque Wings cloſing, ſhorter than the ſtandard ; Keel brevior. fig. 2. very ſmall, within the wings and ſhorter than them. fig. 2. PERICARPIUM: LEGUMEN corolla tectum, mem- SEED-VESSEL: a Pod covered with the corolla, branaceum, monoſpermum, parietibus tenu- membranous, containing one feed, the ſides iffimis, cito corrumpentibus, relicta tantum being very thin, ſoon decay, and leave no- futura cum mucrone. fig. 4. thing but the future with its point. fig. 4. SEMEN unicum, nitidum, fufcum five aurantiacum. SEED ſingle, ſhining, of a brown or orange colour. : ; fig. 5. fig. 5. The name of Hop Trefoil has been with much propriety beſtowed on this plant, as the little heads formed by the flowers are larger and more reſembling the hop than thoſe of any of the other ſpecies. We are carefully to diſtinguiſh it from the Trifolium procumbens, than which it is in every reſpect larger, and leſs procumbent. It is by no means an uncommon plant in dry paſtures, on the borders of fields, and in gravelly foils ; in ſome fields I have obſerved it naturally to form a conſiderable part of the Farmers crop, which though a ſmall one was judged to make excellent fodder. It is perhaps one of thoſe plants which merits the further attention of the Huſbandman. June and July are the months in which it uſually flowers. SCOPOLI doubts, and apparently with great propriety, whether the Trifolium ſpadiceum of LINNÆUS be a ſpecies diſtinct from this. NO 4Q Trifolium agrarin stanfon Society TRIFOLIUM REPEN S. DUTCH CLOVE R. TRIFOLIUM Linnæi Gen. Pl. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Flores fubcapitati. Legumen vix calyce longius, non dehiſcens, deciduum. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSA. TRIFOLIUM repens capitulis umbellaribus, leguminibus tetrafpermis, caule repente. Lin. Syt. Vegetab. p. 572. Sp. Pl. p. 1080. Flor. Suec. n. 665. p TRIFOLIUM caule repente; fpicis depreſſis; filiquis tetrafpermis. Haller Hift. n. 367. TRIFOLIUM repens. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. TRIFOLIUM pratenſe album. C. B. Pin. 327. TRIFOLIUM minus pratenſe, flore albo. Ger. emac. 1185. Parkinſon 1110. Raii Syn. p. 327. White-Flowered Trefoil. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 324, Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 404. а RADIX perennis, fibroſa. ROOT perennial and fibrous. CAULES plurimi, repentes, late fparfi, teretes, fim- STALKS numerous, creeping, ſpreading wide, round, plices, glabri, virides, feu purpurafcentes. unbranched, ſmooth, green, or purpliſh. STIPULÆ ovato-lanceolatæ, venofæ, venis purpu- STIPULÆ ovate and pointed, veiny, the veins rafcentibus. purpliſh. FOLIA terna, variabilia, nunc ovata, obtuſa, nunc LEAVES growing three together, variable as to their obcordata, emarginata, acute ſerrata, viridia, ſhape, being ſometimes ovate and blunt, ſeu purpurafcentia, maculâ lunulatâ albi- ſometimes inverſely heart-ſhaped and notch- cante plerumque notata. ed at the end, ſharply ſawed round the edge, of a green or purpliſh colour, and ha- ving moſt commonly a whitiſh mark in the centre. PEDUNCULI longiffimi, erecti, ftriati. FLOWER-STALKS very long, upright, and ſtriated. FLORES plerumque albi, purpurafcentes etiam oc- FLOWERS generally white, but ſometimes purpliſh, currunt, glomerati, junioribus erectis, ma- growing in a cluſter, the young ones up- turis deflexis, fufcis. right, the old ones hanging down and be- coming brown. CAPITULA majuſcula, præfertim in cultâ planta, HEADS large, eſpecially in the cultivated plant, and fphærica. of a round ſhape. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinque- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, having ten dentatum, ſæpius coloratum, ftriis decem teeth, generally coloured, marked with ten elevatis notatum, dentibus ſetaceis, duobus ribs, the teeth briſtle-ſhaped, the two upper- ſuperioribus paulo longioribus, fig. 1. moſt ſomewhat the longeſt, fig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, calyce duplo longior ; COROLLA papilionaceous, twice the length of the VEXILLUM oblongum, fubemarginatum, re- calyx ; STANDARD oblong, ſlightly notched flexum, fig. 2. ALÆ duæ, vexillo multo at the extremity, and turning back, fig. 2. breviores, fig. 3. CARINA breviſſima, baſi Wings two, much ſhorter than the ſtandard, bifida, fig. 4. fig. 3. Keel very ſhort, divided at the baſe, STAMINA: FILAMENTA diadelpha, fimplex et STAMINA: ten Filaments, one fingle, the reſt novem-fidum, fig. 5, 6. ANTHER Æ parvæ, united into one body, fig. 5, 6. ANTHERE luteæ. ſmall, and yellow. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, teretiufculum ; PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, roundiſh; Style STYLUS ſubulatus, longitudine germinis ; tapering, the length of the germen; STIGMA STIGMA flaveſcens, capitatum, fig. 7. yellowiſh, forming a little head, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM: LEGUMEN oblongum, teres, mu- SEED-VÉSSEL: an oblong, round, jointed pod, fig. cronatum, torulofum, fig. 8. continens 8. terminating in a point and containing SEMINA duo ad quatuor, fig. 9. SEEDS from two to four, fig. 9. fig. 4. ; The creeping or Dutch Clover may be conſidered as one of our moſt valuable Britiſh plants, the greateſt part of the feed uſed in this country is imported from Holland, where it is cultivated on account of its feed, and hence it has acquired the name of Dutch Clover; as it is a plant which grows naturally wild in this country, on dry, gravelly, and indifferent foils, it is probable it might alſo be cultivated for the ſame purpoſe in many parts of Great-Britain, where land and labour are cheap, and that to great advantage. The quantity of feed fold annually in this country is altonilhingly great, Meſſrs. Gordon and Dermer, who do not particularly deal in this article, fell every year forty or fifty tons weight of it. Thoſe plants which have creeping roots or ſtalks have the advantage of moſt others in point of growth, and when a plant of this kind, growing naturally in a barren ſoil, comes to have the advantage of cultivation, it flouriſhes amazingly, ſo does the Dutch Clover, a fingle feedling of which I have known in a garden to cover more ground than a yard ſquare, in one fummer. Although this plant does not grow ſo tall as ſome others, yet the vaſt number of ſtalks, leaves, and bloſſoms which it throws out, produces a great bottom in a paſture, and thereby ftamps a particular value on it. It is not a plant however which makes any great figure in the ſpring, but its chief excellence confifts in its producing herbage in dry ſummers, late in the ſeaſon, when moſt of the graſſes are burnt up, it then covers the fields with a beautiful verdure, and affords plenty of food to the cattle, or hay for a ſecond crop. There is an idea very prevalent among farmers, that alhes alone ſpread on land will produce this plant in abundance; they do not know, or will not believe, that the plant previouſly exiſted in the ground, and is only rendered larger and more conſpicuous by the manure. Of the Trifolium repens I have obſerved two remarkable varieties, viz. one with leaves of a deep purple colour, cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant, the other proliferous, having ſmall heads of leaves growing out of the flowers, this I found ſeveral years ago on the left-hand ſide of the canal, leading from Limehouſe to Bromley, there are likewiſe ſeveral other varieties which depend on the richneſs and poverty of foil. اصل می ہے Trifolium repens. . N/ OR M 276 کی بر . Medicago polymorpha مگر کے و OF Mgic MIN NO MEDICAGO ARABICA. HEART MEDICK, CLAVER. or MEDICAGO Lin. Gen. Pl. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Legumen compreffum, cochleatum, Carina corollæ a vexillo deflectens. a Raii Syn. Gen. 23. HERBÆ FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOS Æ. MEDICAGO polymorpha leguminibus cochleatis, ſtipulis dentatis caule diffufo. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 577. Sp. pl. 1097 MEDICA foliis emarginatis, ferratis, racemis paucifloris, filiquis globoſis echinatis. Haller, bift. n. 383 MEDICAGO polymorpha. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 942. TRIFOLIUM cochleatum folio cordato maculato. Bauhin. pin. 329. TRIFOLIUM cordatum Ger. emdc. 1190. Park. 1115. Raii Syn. 333. Heart Trefoil or Claver. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 331. a RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES plures, pedales, et ultra, procumbentes, an- gulati, ftriati, purpurafcentes, piloſi, ramoſi. FOLIA terna, obcordata, mucronata, obſolete ſerrata, lævia, maculâ purpurea in medio notata. PETIOLI fuperne canaliculati, pilofi. STIPULÆ binæ, femifagittatæ, ferratæ. FLORES plerumque bini, pedicellati, pedunculis tere- tibus, pilofis, petiolis brevioribus; Bračtaa minima, ad bafin cujufvis pedicelli, et feta piloſa inter flofculos longitudine florum. a CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, tubuloſum, ſubcampanulatum, pilofum, femiquinque- fidum, laciniis acuminatis, fubæqualibus, purpurafcentibus. fig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, flava; Vexillum fubrotun- dum, emarginatum, reflexum, lineis fa- turate flavis ad bafin notatum. fig. 2. Ala duæ, parvæ, vexillo breviores, croceæ, apice paulo fecedentes. Carina conca- va, obtufa, alis paulo longior. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS numerous, about a foot in length, or more, procumbent, angular, ftriated, purpliſh, hai- ry, and branched LEAVES growing three together, inverſely heart-ſha- ped, terminated by a ſhort point, faintly ſawed, ſmooth, with a purple ſpot in the middle of each. LEAF-STALKS above grooved and hairy. STIPULÆ two, the ſhape of half an arrow, and ferrated. FLOWERS growing generally two together, ftanding on footitalks which are round, hairy, and ſhorter than the footſtalks ; Bračtaa very ſmall, at the baſe of each flower-ſtalk, and a hairy ſeta or briſtle betwixt the flowers of the ſame length with the flowers. CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, fome- what bell-íhaped, hairy, 'divided half way down in five ſegments, which are pointed, nearly equal and purpliſh. fig. 1. COROLLA papilionaceous, and yellow; Standard- roundiſh, notched at the end, and turning back, marked at its baſe with lines of a deeper yellow colour. fig 2. Wings two, ſmall, ſhorter than the ſtandard, faffron coloured, ſeparating a little from one another at the tips. Keel hollow, blunt, a little longer than the wings. fig: STAMINA: FIL AMents uniting into two bodies al- moſt to the tips, tube bending upward; AN- THERÆ very minute and yellow. fig. 3 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN green, oblong, below where the ſtyle begins notched, foon ſpirally twiſting itſelf, and from its upper part throwing out little ſpines ; STYLE ta- pering, upright; STIGMA terminal, and very minute. fig. 5. 6. SEED-VESSEL: a Pod of a roundiih cylindrical ſhape, cut off at each end, ſpinous, and spi- rally twiſted up. fig. 7: SEED rather large, kidney-ſhaped, and yellowiſh. fig. 8. STAMINA: FILAMENTA diadelpha, coalita fere ad apices, tubus furfum curvatus ; ANTHERÆ minimæ, flavæ. fig :3. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen viride, oblongum, fubtus ubi ſtylus incipit emarginatum, cito fefe fpi- raliter contorquens, et ſuperne ſpinulas agens ; STYLUS fubulatus, erectus; STIGMA terminale, minimum. fig.5.6. PERICARPIUM: Legumen fubrotundo-cylindraceum, utrinque truncatum, fpinuloſum, ſpiraliter contortum fig. 7. SEMEN majuſculum, reniforme, flaveſcens. fig. 8. a m The plant here figured is intended to repreſent the Trifolium cochleatum folio cordato maculato of BAUHINE and Ray and the Medicagº polymor pha var. arabica of LINNÆUS ; how far it is in itſelf a variety, how far LINNÆUS and ſome other authors are juſtified in making fo many varieties of one fpecies *, or how far others are right in di- viding one genus into ſo many ſpecies eſpecially MONSIEUR GERARD, it would ill become me to determine, this plant and this only of the preſent tribe as far as I have hitherto ſeen is common in the neighbourhood of London ; future obſervation added to culture may perhaps enable me hereafter to ſpeak more decidedly on the ſubject. The preſent plant is ſubject to confiderable variation in ſize as alſo with reſpect to the brightneſs of the ſpots on its leaves. It flowers in May and June. On the edges of Charlton Sand-pits it grows in very great plenty and is not uncommon on banks and the bor- ders of fields in a variety of other places. When it grows luxuriantly one is tempted to ſuppoſe that it wou'd afford good fodder for cattle, it ſeems at leaſt to deſerve a trial. * ds the erbicularis, ſcutellata, tornata, turbinata, intertexta, arabica, coronata, ciliaris, hirſuta, rigidula, minima, muricata, nigra, laciniata, Linnæi S. Vegetab. p. 578. 206 Tuporicum Androsæmum. IND i I OF mic M HYPERICUM ANDROSÆMUM. TUTSAN. HYPERICUM Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA Cal. 5. partitus, Petala 5. Filamenta multa, in 5 phalanges bafi connata, Capſula. 5 5 Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPETALE VASCULIFERÆ. HYPERICUM Androfæmum floribus trigynis, fructibus baccatis, caule fruticoſo ancipiti. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 583. Sp. Pl. p. 1102. ANDROSÆMUM maximum fruteſcens. B. Pin. 280. ANDROSÆMUM vulgare. Park. 575. CLYMENUM Italorum. Ger. emac. 548. HYPERICUM maximum Androfæmum vulgare dictum. Raii Syn. Tutſan or Park-leaves. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. P. 332. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 415. RADIX perennis, craffa, lignofa, rubens, fibras lon- ROOT perennial, thick, woody, of a reddiſh colour, , giffimas emittens. ſending out very long fibres. CAULES ſuffruticofi, ancipites, bipedales et ultra, ra- STALKS ſomewhat ſhrubby, ſlightly winged, two feet mofi, rubentes, glabri. high and upward, branched, of a reddiſh co- lour and ſmooth. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, ovata, integerrima, lævia, LEAVES oppoſite, feffile, ovate, entire, ſmooth, paler inferne pallidiora, venis plurimis parum ex- on the under fide, reticulated with numerous tantibus reticulata, per ætatem rubicunda, in- veins which project but little, becoming through ferioribus plerumque minoribus. age of a reddiſh or purple colour, the lower- moſt generally the leaſt. FLORES flavi, pro ratione plantæ parvi, in Cyma varie FLOWERS of a yellowiſh colour, ſmall for the fize of diviſa difpofiti. the plant, diſpoſed in a Cyma variouſly di- vided. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis CALYX : : a PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five ovatis, obtufis, fubnervofis, inæqualibus, erec- ſegments, which are ovate, obtuſe, ſomewhat tis, demum reflexis. rib'd, unequal, upright, finally turned back. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, ovata, obtufa, ſub- COROLLA: five PETALS, ovate, obtufe, nearly equal, æqualia, calyce paulo longiora, patentia, con- a little longer than the calyx, ſpreading, fome- caviuscula, apicibus paululum inflexis, deci- what hollow, the tips bending a little inward, dua deciduous. STAMINA: FILAMENT A plurima, ultra quadraginta, STAMINA: FILAMENTS numerous, more than forty, corolla longiora ; ANTHERÆ parvæ, fubro- longer than the corolla ; 'ANTHERÆ ſmall and tundæ. roundiſh PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, nitidum, fla- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh, ſhining, yellowiſh; veſcens ; STYLi tres, longitudine germinis, STYLES three, the length of the germen, erecti; STIGMAT A parva, rotundata. upright; STIGMATA, ſmall and roundiſh. PERICARPIUM: CAPSUL A cvato-rotundata, primo SEED-VESSEL; a CAPSULE of a roundiſh egg-ſhape, baccæformis, e flavo virefcens, dein ruberri- at firſt affuming the appearance of a berry of ma, demum nigricans, exfucca, trilocularis, a yellowiſh green colour, afterwards of a feminibus plurimis minimis referta bright red colour, laſtly blackiſh, having three cavities which are filled with numerous ſmall feeds. ; The French call this plant Toute faine, Allheal, (vide Tourn. Hift. des Pl.) whence as PARKINSON obſerves, we have evidently borrowed our Engliſh name of Tutſan. They appear to have been equally fond of attributing vul- nerary qualities to plants as our countryman GERARD, but perhaps on no better grounds, the Tutſan and the All- heal being now equally neglected. Its other name of Park-leaves, by which it is leſs frequently called, it has doubtleſs acquired from being commonly found in Parks. n We may remark of the Androſæmum, that neither HALLER, Linnæus, JACQUIN, SCOPOLI, or der enume- rate it in their reſpective Flora's. In many parts of England it is by no means an uncommon plant; it is chiefly found in or near Woods. About London all our Hypericums abound more than this, which I have met with in one wood only, viz. the Oak of Honour Wood, near Peckham Rye, adjoining Norwood. It flowers in July and Auguſt, and ripens its feed-veffels, which have much the appearance of berries in September. It is not uncommon in Gardens, ие то MUMA O Олмалеолират он po ardia 2 initia, spiridae аршало на а у вас і А2oCIVA SUVERO STEVIA hon M Гімалар ib ozogton даван мира SC -ата со оваа tiplatnoyo Tooper ая ceinbei но! to 21 Trio ilia scibilla праполі зорилда dinch от гарая то, Бі і ірі 1 ст. укр анон озпоf tіолог o 0 : U.IT 2 ansory от А: МЕТА рубо кое на Е піdіng tо bano Ilips она ни от много Hollo за пра 20 Чолоо Брод рио 20 цоо широдата санаа не тілі Порошо 1 ។ HYPERICUM HIRSUTUM. Hairy ST. JOHN's Wort. WORT HYPERICUM Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Cal. 5, partitus, Petala 5, Filamenta multa, in 5 phalanges bafi connata. Capſula. Raii Syn. HERBÆ PENTAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. HYPERICUM hirſutum floribus trigynis, calycibus ferrato-glandulofis, caule tereti erecto, foliis ovatis ſubpubeſcentibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. Sp. Pl. 1105. Fl. Suec. n. 682. HYPERICUM foliis ovatis, per oram punctatis, calycibus lanceolatis, ſerratis, globuligeris, Haller. hiſt. n. 1042 HYPERICUM hirſutum Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 92. n. 945. ANDROSÆMUM hirfutum, Bauhin. pin. 280. HYPERICUM Androfæmum dictum. Bauh. hift. III. 382. ANDROSÆMUM alterum hirſutum. Col. ecphr. 1. p. 75. t. 74. ANDROSÆMUM Afcyron dictum, caule rotundo hirſuto. Moris. hiſt . 2. p. 971. 1. 5. t. 6. f. 11. t. HYPERICUM villoſum erectum, caule rotundo. Tournefort. Inft. 255. Raii Syn. Tutſan St. John's Wort. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 333. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 419. a RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris fufcis, rigidis, ſublig- noſis. CAULIS ſeſquipedalis, ad tripedalem, erectus, folidus, rubicundus, teres, pubeſcens, plerumque ſimplex, ramoſus etiam occurrit, rarius vero quam in hyperico perforato. FOLIA alterne oppofita, oblonga, obtufa, feflilia, utrin- que villoſula, margine minutim ciliata, fep- temnervia, punctis diaphanis minutiffimis per totam fuperficiem adfperfa. RAMI: rudimenta rami conſtantes foliolis quatuor de- cuffatis in axillis foliorum ſæpius obſervantur, hæc vero aliquando omnino deſunt, et non- nunquam in ramos producuntur. FLORES flavi, terminales, in panicula, oblonga, fub- ſpicata. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum; laciniis lanceolatis, biſulcis, margine glandulofis, fo- liola etiam et gemmæ calyci ſubjecta glan- dulis nigris pedicellatis ornantur. fig. 1. ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres brown, rigid, and ſomewhat woody. STALK a foot and a half to three feet high, upright, folid, reddiſh, round, hairy, or downy, ge- nerally ſimple, but ſometimes branched, though much leſs ſo than the common Saint John's Wort. LEAVES alternately oppoſite, oblong, obtuſe, ſeſſile, hoary on each ſide, the edge finely ciliated, marked with ſeven ribs, and very minute tranſparent dots ſpread all over its ſurface. BRANCHES: rudiments of branches conſiſting of four leaves forming a crofs are generally obſerved in the alæ of the leaves, theſe however are ſometimes wanting, and ſometimes are drawn out into branches. FLOWERS yellow, terminal, in an oblong panicle forming a kind of ſpike. CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM divided into five ſegments; which are lanceolate, with two grooves, and glandular on the edge, the ſmall leaves and buds below the calyx are alſo ornamented with black glands placed on footſtalks. fig. 1. COROLLA : five PETALS of a yellow colour and ob- long oval ſhape, blunt, ſpreading and ſtriated. fig. 2. STAMINA: from twenty to thirty FILAMENTS ob- ſcurely divided into three bundles or faſciculi, very fine, ſtrait, yellow and ſhorter than the Corolla ; Antheræ roundiſh, double, yellow. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh: STYLES three, ſimple, ſpreading, the length of the ſtamina. STIGMATA ſimple. fig 4. SEED-VESSEL an oblong capſule of three cavities and three valves. fig. 5. 6, SEEDS numerous and very minute. fig. 7. COROLL^: PETALA quinque, flava, oblongo-ovata, obtuſa, patentia, ftriata. fiig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA viginti, ad triginta, in tres phalanges obſcure diviſa, capillaria, recta, fla- va, corolla breviora ; ANTHERÆ fubrotundæ, didymæ, flavæ. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubrotundum. STYLI tres, fimplices, diſtantes, longitudine ftaminum STIGMATA ſimplicia. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Capſula oblonga, trilocularis, tri- valvis. fig. 5. 6. SEMINA plurima, minima. fig. 7. The more antient Botaniſts paying but little regard to the nicety of diſtinction, overlooked this ſpecies of Hypericum ; COLUMNA pofleſſing greater diſcernment than his predeceffors appears firſt to have figured and de- ſcribed it ; by ſuperficial obſervers it may eaſily be miſtaken for the common St. John's Wort, but differs from it in being a taller plant, having a ſtalk perfectly round and hoary, and the edges of the calyx beſet with black glands, it is alſo more apt to grow in woods and coppices, though it is frequently met with in hedges. It flowers in July and Auguſt. It grows plentifully in a field juſt beyond Dulwich College, alſo about the Oak of Honour Wood near Peck- ham, and moſt of the Woods near Town. ma Muporicum hirsutum. GNI OR HYPERICUM HUMIFUSUM. . TRAILING ST. JOHN'S WORT. HYPERICUM Linnæi. Gen. Pl. POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Cal. 5. partitus. Petala 5, Filamenta multa, in 5. phalanges bafi connata. , Capſula. Raii. Syn. Gen. 24 HERBÆ PENTAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. HYPERICUM humifufum floribus trigynis axillaribus, folitariis, caulibus ancipitibus proftratis fili- formibus, foliis glabris. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 332. Sp. Pl. 1105. Fl. Suecic. 681. HYPERICUM caule proſtrato, foliis ovatis, calycibus ferratis punctatis. Haller. hiſt. p. 5. 1. 1039. HYPERICUM minus ſūpinum vel ſupinum glabrum. C. Bauh. pin. 279. HYPERICUM minus fupinum. Park. 572. HYPERICUM fupinum glabrum. Ger. emac. 541. Raii. Syn. p. 342. the leaſt trailing St. Johns Wort. Hudſon. Fl Angl. ed. 2. p. 332. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 418. RADIX perennis, lutefcens, fibroſa. CAULES plures ex eadem radice, ſpithamæi, procum- bentes, teretes, vix manifeſte ancipites, læves, rubentes, ſummitate ramoſi. a FOLIA oppofita, oblongo ovata, obtufa, glabra, inte- gerrima, margine punctis nigris notata. CALYX PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis magnis, inæqualibus, ovato oblongis, margine reflexis et glandulis ferrato punctatis, mucrone rufo terminatis. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, oblonga, flava, obtuſa, calyce paulo longiora, margine glandulis punctata. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA raro ultra viginti, in tres phalanges diſtincte diviſa; ANTHERÆ mini- mæ, flavæ. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubrotundum, Styli tres, fimplices, diftantes, longitudine ſtaminum; STIGMATA fimplicia. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA oblongo ovata, membra- nacea, trilocularis, immatura ruberrima. ROOT perennial, of a yellowiſh colour and fibrous. STALKS ſeveral from the ſame root, about half a foot in length, procumbent, round, ſcarce percep- tibly two edged, ſmooth, of a reddish colour and branched at top. LEAVES oppofite, oblong, oval, obtuſe, ſmooth, en- tire, dotted on the edge with black. CALYX a PERIANTHIUM divided into five ſegments, which are large, unequal, oval, oblong, the edge turned back and ſawed as it were with black glands, terminating in a red point. f. 1. . COROLLA: five oblong yellow PETALS, blunt at the end, a little longer than the calyx, and dotted on the edge with glands. fig. 2. STAMINA : FILAMENTS ſeldom more than twenty, diſtinctly divided into three bodies ; ANTHER Æ very ſmall and yellow. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh; STYLES three, fim- ple, ſpreading, the length of the ſtamina ; STIGMATA ſimple. fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL an oblong oval Capſule, membranous, of three cavities, of a very bright red colour before it is ripe. SEEDS numerous and very minute. SEMINA plurima, minima. This is the leaſt of all our Hypericums, but ſcarcely inferior to any of them in beauty and delicacy. It grows frequent enough, in gravelly paſtures, in fields that have long lain fallow, and likewiſe on heaths, eſpecially where the ſoil is moiſt and clayey. It flowers in June, July, and Auguft. SCOPOLI without any good grounds, ſuſpects it to be a monſtrous vareity of the Hypericum perforatum, from which it differs almoſt as much as it is poffible for one ſpecies to differ from another. 162 Rreth la Hupericum humifusum Y SNIE OF Bic PICRIS ECHI OID E S. O X - TONG U E. PICRIS Linnæi Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Cal. calyculatus. Pappus plumoſus. Sem. tranſverfim fulcata. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO; NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. PICRIS echioides perianthiis exterioribus pentaphyllis, interioribus ariſtato majoribus. Linnæi Syft. Vegetab. p. 593. Spec. Plant. 1114. HIERACIUM echioides capitulis cardui benedi&ti. Bauhin Pin. 128. BUGLOSSUM luteum. Gerard. emac. 798. LINGUA BOVIS. Parkinſon, 800. Raii Syn. p. 196, Lang de bæuf. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 342. RADIX annua, ramoſa. ROOT annual, and branched. a CAULIS bi aut tripedalis, ramoſiſſimus, ramis divari- STALK two or three feet high, very much branched, catis, erectus, rubens, ftriatus, ſpinofus, fpi- (the branches divaricating) upright, of a red- nis plurimis, horizontalibus, apice hamatis. diſh purple colour, ftriated, and ſpinous, the ſpines numerous, horizontal, and hooked at the extremity: FOLIA amplexicaulia, oblonga, acuta, tuberculoſa, LEAVES embracing the ſtalk, oblong, pointed, co- , , ſpinoſa. vered with tubercles and ſpines. PEDUNCULI ſulcati, verſus apicem fenfim incraſſati. FLOWER-STALKS grooved, and gradually enlarged towards the extremity. CALYX communis duplex, exterior maximus, penta- CALYX common to many florets, and double ; the phyllus, Involucro fimilis, foliolis cordatis, exterior one large, and compoſed of five ſpinoſis, interior imbricatus, fquamæ exterio- heart-ſhaped prickly leaves, which reſemble res paucæ, minimæ, inæquales, interiores an Involucrum ; the inner one imbricated ; erectæ, æquales, ariftatæ, fig. 1, 2, carinatæ, the outermoft ſcales few, ſmall, and uneven; carinâ cum ariſtâ hiſpidis, ſetæ inferiores un- the innermoſt upright, equal, terminating culis quatuor apice inſtructis, fig. 3, ſuperio- with an ariſta, fig. 1, 2, keeled, the keel toge- res ſpinofæ, fimplices, longiores. ther with the arifta hifpid, the little ſpines on the lower part terminating in four ſmall hooks, fig. 3, thoſe on the upper part fimple , and longer. COROLLA compofita, Corollulæ hermaphroditæ, tu- bulofæ, flavæ; Tubus tenuis, piloſus, fig. 4, albidus ; Limbus quinquedentatus, dentibus inæqualibus. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, bre- viffima: ANTHERÆ in tubum tenuem, fla- vum, coalitæ. COROLLA compound; the Florets hermaphrodite, and yellow; the Tube ſlender, hairy, fig. 4, and whitiſh; the Limb terminated by five unequal teeth. STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, very fine and ſhort : ANTHER Æ united in a ſlender, yellow tube. a PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, læve, album: Stylus filiformis, antheris longior ; Stig- MATA duo, reflexa. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, ſmooth, and white : STYLE thread-ſhaped, and longer than the antheræ : STIGMATA two, turning back. a SEMEN oblongum, rufum, tranſverſim minutiffime ftriatum. SEED oblong, of a reddiſh orange colour, very finely ftriated tranſverſely. DOWN ftanding on a foot-ſtalk, and hairy, fig. 5. PAPPUS ftipitatus, pilofus, fig. 5. The only uſe to which we find this fingular plant to have been applied, is as a pot herb. Raii Hift. p. 233. to which purpoſe its appearance is certainly no recommendation. It grows not unfrequently on banks, on the edges of fields, and in woods that have been cut down; and flowers in June and July 150 c С hon 3-X Pieris echioides NIE or Smurbrad pa Bicy 152 a 2- ES Hypochons charis radicata V 4 Sansem-Sond GNI? HYPOCHÆRIS RADICATA. LONG-ROOTED HAWKWEED. HYPOCHÆRIS Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNG, POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. paleaceum. Cal. ſubimbricatus. Pappus plumofus. Raji Syn. Gen. 6. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. HYPOCHÆRIS radicata foliis runcinatis obtuſis ſcabris, caule ramoſo nudo lævi, pedunculis ſqua- mofis. Lin. Sp. Pl. p. 1140. Fl. Suecic. n. 709. HYPOCHÆRIS foliis femipinnatis hirſutis, caule nudo, brachiato. Haller. Hiſt. p. 3. n. 3. ACHYROPHORUS radicatus. Scopoli . Fl. Carn. n. 987. HIERACIUM Dentis leonis folio obtuſo majus. Bauhin. pin. 127. HIERACIUM longius radicatum. Lob. ic. 238. Gerard. emac. 298. Parkinſon. 790. Raii. Syn. long rooted Hawkweed. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. Oeder, Fl. Dan. ic. 150. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 443. RADIX perennis, craffitie digiti minimi, alte in terram ROOT perennial, the thickneſs of the little finger, defcendens, albida, plerumque fimplex, lac- running deeply into the earth, generally ſim- tefcens. ple, of a whitiſh colour, and milky within. FOLIA radicalia, fupra terram expanſa, planiuſcula, LEAVES next the root expanded on the ground, flat- oblonga, obtufa, finuato-dentata, dentibus tiſh, oblong, obtuſe, finuated and toothed ſubobtufis, hirſuta, pilis fimplicibus, erectis, (the teeth bluntih,) hirſute, the hairs ſimple, e punctis prominulis prodeuntibus, caulina upright, and proceeding from little promi- nulla. nent points ; ftalk leaves none. CAULES fæpe plures ex eadem radice, pedales aut STALKS often ſeveral from the ſame root, one or two bipedales, fuberecti, nudi, ſquamis folum bre- feet high, nearly upright, naked, inſtead of vibus, ovato-acutis, ciliatis, ad exortum ra- leaves having only ſhort, oval, pointed ſcales, morum inſtructi, glaberrimi, glauci, ſubſtriati, edged with hairs at the fitting on of the bran- tenaces, folidi, ramofi. ches, very ſmooth, glaucous, fomewhat ſtri- ated, tough, folid, and branched. PEDUNCULI longi, ſquamis paucis obfiti, verſus FLOWER-STALKS long, beſet with a few ſcales, apicem paululum incraffati. towards the top a little thickend. CALYX communis imbricatus, ſquamis ovatis, acu- CALYX common to many florets, compoſed of ſcales tis, glabris, apice rufis, carinâ ciliatâ pilis which are of an oval ſhape, pointed, ſmooth, rigidulis. fig. 1. reddiſh at top, the keel edged with ſtiffith hairs. fig. 1. COROLLA Compofita, imbricata ; Corollulis herma- COROLLA Compound, the florets laying one over phroditis, æqualibus, numeroſis, Propria mo- another, hermaphrodite Florets equal and nopetala, ligulata, truncata, quinque-dentata, numerous ; each Floret monopetalous, tubular tubo apice pilofo. fig. 2. 3. at bottom and ſpreading at top, cut off at the extremity and terminating in five teeth, the tube hairy at top. fig. 2. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria; An. STAMINA : five FILAMENTS, very fine ; ANTHERÆ TheRÆ in tubum coalitæ, flava. uniting in a tube, of a yellow colour. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum ; STylus filiformis, PISTILLUM : Germen oval; STYLE thread-ſhaped, longitudine Staminum; Stigmata duo, reflexa. the length of the Stamina ; STIGMATA two, turning back. SEMEN oblongum, rufum, ſtriatum. fig. 5, SEED oblong, reddiſh and finely grooved. fig. 5. PAPPUS ſtipitatus, plumofus. DOWN ſtanding on a foot-ſtalk and feathery. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, paleæ longæ, nitidæ, RECEPTACLE chaffy, chaff long, ſhining, membra- membranaceæ, concavæ. fig. 4. nous, and hollow. fig. 4. THIS ſpecies of Hypocharis receives its name of radicata from the length of its root, by which it is parti- cularly diſtinguiſhed from the Leontodon autumnale Linn: or Hieracium radice fucciſa of BAUHIN, in its fructi- fication it agrees with the Hypocharis glabra already figured, fize excepted, the fame membranous Palcæ ſo obſervable in that plant ſerve equally to characterize the genus in this ſpecies, which is altogether as com- mon with us as the other is ſcarce. It grows on dry Banks, alſo on Heaths, in Meadows and Paſtures, and in the early part of the Summer its bloftoms render it a very conſpicuous plant in thoſe fituations. In barren foils particularly on Heaths it is much ſmaller than the plant here figured, but its hairineſs and the fize of its bloffoms will always prevent its being miſtaken for the Hypocharis glabra. . Cedamo ANTO toga Toda op het VOTRE MUJER wabutigad moldo took time MUUDAT 145 2 N 4 키 ​Hypeckans gladne 1. 8. Sansom Sculpt OF CH IV. HYPOCHÆRIS GLABRA. SMALL-FLOWERED HAWKWEED, . HYPOCHÆRIS Linnæi Gen. Pl. SYNGENÉSIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS, Receptaculum paleaceum. Cal. fubimbricatus. Pappus plumofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBÆ FLÖRE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. HYPOCHÆRIS glabra, calycibus oblongis imbricatis, caule ramoſo nudo, foliis dentato-finuatis. Linn, Syst. Vegetab. p. 601. Sp. Pl. p. 1140. HYPOCHÆRIS foliis glabris ſemipinnatis. Haller. Catal. Plant. Gotting. p. 421. Hif. Plant, addend ad tom. 1. v. 3. p. 180. HIERACIUM minus dentis leonis folio oblongo glabro. Bauhin. pin. 127. HYPOCHÆRIS chondrillo folio, parvo flore. Vaillant. ait. 1721. p. 214. HIERACIUM parvum in arenoſis naſcens, ſeminum pappis denſe radiatis. Raii. Syn. 166. HIERACIUM minimum. Col. ecph. I. 27. ic. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. P. 303. ed. 2. Þ• 347. Qeder. Fl. Dan. Ic. 424. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 442. RADIX annua, craffitie pennæ coracis, fuſiformis, ROOT annual, about the thickneſs of a crow quill, paucis fibrillis inſtructa, pallide fuſca, tapering, furniſhed with few fibres, of a pale brown colour. FOLIA radicalia plurima, fupra terram expanſa, longi- LEAVES of the root numerous, ſpread on the ground, tudine minimi digiti, et ejuſdem circiter lati- about the length of the little finger, and of the tudinis, finuato-dentata, ad apicem paulo la- ſame breadth, finuated, or deeply indented, tiora, glabriufcula, margine præfertim pilis a little broadeft at top, ſmooth, but not per- hiſpidulis ciliata, lactefcentia ; caulina pauca, fectly ſo, the edges particularly, being thinly minima. beſet with ftiffith hairs ; thoſe on the flalk few, and very minute. CAULES plerumque plures, fpithamæi, ſuberecti, in STALKS uſually ſeveral, about ſeven inches high, duos vel tres ramos diviſi, glauci, teretes, nearly upright, divided into two or three fubnudi. bra ches, round, almoſt naked, and of a glaucous colour. PEDUNCULI ſquamofi, fub floribus paululum in- FLOWER-STALKS ſcaly, a little thickened under craſſati. the flower. FLORES minimi, lutei. FLOWERS very ſmall , and yellow. CALYX communis, primum cylindraceus, peractâ CALYX common to many flowers, at firſt cylindrical, floreſcentiâ oblongo conicus, magnus ; ſquamæ when the flowering is over, becoming of an læves, imbricatim pofitæ, ovato-lanceolatæ, oblong conical ſhape, and large; the ſcales inæquales, apicibus rubris. ſmooth, placed one over another, of an oval pointed ſhape, uneven, the tips red. COROLLA compofita, imbricata, uniformis ; corollulis COROLLA compound, the florets placed one over the hermaphroditis, æqualibus, numerofis; pro- other, of an uniform ſhaps, hermaphrodite, pia monopetala, tubus infundibuliformis, apice equal, and numerous; each floret monopeta- hiſpidulus, fig. 3; limbus planus, quinqueden- lous; the tube funnel-ſhaped, with a few tatus, fig. 2. ſtiffiſh hairs at top, fig. 3; the limb flat, with five teeth, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, in tubum coalita, STAMINA: five FILAMENTS united into a tube, fig. 4. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN infra corollam propriam, PISTILLUM: GERMEN placed beneath each fingle flo- fig. 6: Stylus filiformis, longitudine ſtami- ret, fig. 6: Style thread-ſhaped, the length num : STIGMATA duo reflexa, fig. 5. of the ſtamina: STIGMATA two, bending back, fig. 5. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, paleæ concavæ, lan- RECEPTACLE chaffy, chaff hollow, narrow, poin- ceolatæ, acuminatæ, nitidæ, longitudine pap- ted, ſhining, the length of the down, and pi, decidue, fig. 1. deciduous, fig. 1. SEMINA fublinearia, baſi acuminata, caſtanea, fig. 7, SEEDS nearly linear, tapering to a point at bottom, lente viſa lineata, fcabra, fig. 8, in radio ſeſſi- of a cheſnut colour, fig. 7, viewed with a lia, in diſco petiolata. magnifier, finely grooved, and rough, fig. 8, thoſe in the circumference Seſile, thoſe in the center ftanding on foot-fialks. PAPPUS inæqualis, plumofus, rigidulus, fig. 9. DOWN uneven, feathered, and ſtiffith, fig. 9. In the third edition of RAY's Synopſis, there is an accurate account given of this plant, which he informs us, he omitted in his Hift. Plant, not being certain at that period, whether it was not a variety of ſome other plant of the ſame family. It muſt be admitted, that many of the plants of this claſs, very much reſemble one another at firſt fight, whence the ſtudent is apt to conſider them as a difficult tribe : but however ſtrongly the objection of a fimilarity of habit may be urged againſt the Hypocharis glabra, whoever has once ſeen it in blofiom, will never miſtake it for any other; the flowers being remarkably ſmall for a plant of this kind, not exceeding the fize of a ſilver threepence, while the heads containing the ſeeds, are altogether as large in proportion to the ſize of the plant. This ſimilarity of habit, may be one cauſe why this plant is not oftener found; but a more particular one, perhaps, is the ſhort time of the flowers expanſion, as it does not open till about nine of the clock in the morning, and ſhuts again about one or two in the afternoon. Haller's account of the ſeeds of this plant is very juſt: thoſe in the center have foot-ſtalks, and thoſe in the circumference none; hence this plant unites thoſe genera, whoſe characters are drawn from this circumſtance. I have found this ſpecies of Hypocharis in tolerable abundance on Black-heath, particularly under Greenwich Park Wall, on the South-fide. By Ray it is mentioned to grow, on the authority of Doody, in the fields between Kingſton and Richmond; by Mr. Hudson, about Briflol; near Norwich, by Mr. PITCHFORD; and in Scotland, though rarely, by Mr. LightFOOT. It delights in a gravelly or fandy foil, and expoſed ſituation ; and flowers in June. AD 2 多​, CARDUUS MARIANUS. MILK THISTLE. CARDUUS Linnæi. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Calyx ovatus, imbricatus fquamis ſpinoſis. Receptaculum piloſum. Rai Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆFLORE EXFLOSCULIS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO, SIVE CAPITATÆ. CARDUUS marianus foliis amplexicaulibus haſtato pinnatifidis ſpinoſis; calycibus aphyllis : fpinis cana- liculatis duplicato ſpinoſis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 605. Sp. Pl. 1153. SILYBUM nervis foliorum albis. Haller. Hift. n. 181. CIRSIUM maculatum. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 130. CARDUUS albis maculis notatus vulgaris. Bauhin. Pin. p. 281. . . CARDUUS mariæ. Gerard. emac. 1150. CARDUUS mariæ vulgaris. Parkinſon. 976. Raii Synop. p. 195. Common Milk Thiſtle, or Ladies Thiſtle, Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 353.. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 454. RADIX annua. FOLIA radicalia fupra terram expanſa, pedalia, bipe- dalia et ultra, pinnatifido finuata, nitida, mar- gine ipinoſa, fuperne venis albis reticulatis picta, fubinde vero immaculata, Caulina am- plexicaulia, patentia, fuprema recurvata, baſi cauli adpreffa. CAULIS tripedalis, ad orgyalem, ramofus inferne craſſitie digiti intermedii, tomentofis, fulca- tus, fuperne nudus, ſtriatus. و FLORES folitarii, magni, purpurei. CALYX: Folia quæ calycem componunt varia ſunt, inferiora nempe rotundata, fpinis ciliata ; inter- media utrinque ad bafin fpinis ciliata, acumi- nata, patentia, rigida, ſuperne canaliculata, ſpina flaveſcente terminata; fuperiora et interi- ora lanceolata, inermia, apice purpurea, mar- ginibus fiflis, fig. 1, 2, 3. ROOT annual. LEAVES next the root, expanded on the ground, from one to two feet or more in length, ſinua- ted, and pinnatifid, ſhining, the edge fpinous, on the upper fide painted with white veins, which form a kind of net work, but ſometimes wholly green; leaves on the ſtalk partly ſur- rounding the ſtem, ſpreading, the uppermoſt leaves bent back, the baſe of each preſſed cloſe to the ſtalk. STALK from three to fix feet high, branched, at bota tom about the thickneſs of the middle finger, downy, grooved, at top naked, and finely channeled. FLOWERS one on each ſtalk, large, and purple. CALYX. The leaves which compoſe the calyx are various ; the lowermoſt are of a roundiſh ſhape, and edged with ſpines; the middle ones edged with ſpines towards the bottom, and running out to a point, ſpreading, rigid, hollow on the upper fide, and terminating in a yellowiſh ſpine; the upper and innermoſt leaves lanceolate, without fpines, purple at top, and notched on the edges, fig. 1, 2, 3. FLORETS funnel ſhaped ; tube very flender, bent, and white, fig. 4; Limb erect, divided into five ſegments, at bottom ſomewhat globular, and ſecreting a honey liquor withinſide, the ſegments linear, and equal in length. STAMINA : five FILAMENTS, very ſhort, and fine : ANTHERE purple, united into a very flender tube, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oval, flattened, and white : STYLE thread-ſhaped, longer than the ſtami- na, crowned near the top with a circle of ſhort hairs, from thence grooved on each ſide, and bifid at top, fig. 7. SEEDS numerous, oval, ſomewhat angular, ſhining, of a blackiſh colour, crowned with a ſtiffiſh, fimple, white down, growing obliquely. RECEPTACLE hairy. COROLLULÆ infundibuliformes, tubo tenuiſſimo, curvato, albo, fig. 4; Limbo erecto, quinque- fido, bafi fubglobofo, nitido, intus melleum liquorem fundente, laciniis linearibus, æqua- libus. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, bre- viffima : ANTHERÆ purpureæ, in tubum tenu- iffimum coalitæ, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum, compreſſum, album: Stylus filiformis, ftaminibus longior, prope apicem circulo villorum coronato, dein utrin- que fulcato et apice bifido, fig. 7. SEMINA plurima, ovata, fubangulata, nitida, nigri- cantia, pappo obliquo, rigidulo, fimplici, al- bido coronata. RECEPTACULUM pilofum. a . THE beautiful milk white veins which form an irregular net work on the upper fide of the leaves of this ſpecies of Thiſtle, joined to its grandeur, render it an object which ſtrikes the attention of moſt : and where theſe veins exiſt, they ſerve alſo very well to characterize the plant: the leaves however are frequently wholly green; in which caſe, it becomes neceſſary to have recourſe to ſome of its other characters, than which none are more conſpicuous than the ſtrong fpines which defend the bloſſom. The ſeeds are large, and contain a portion of oil, whence they have ſometimes been made uſe of in emulſions : but they more often ſerve as food for the Goldfinch, and other granivorous birds. It is a very common plant on our banks, by the ſides of roads, and among rubbiſh, and flowers in May and June. The variety with green leaves, I have obſerved on the banks near Kennington Turnpike. Did it not occupy ſo much ſpace, its beauty would recommend it as a garden plant. 148 den Canton marun 8 Samom sculpt 5 ON IV OR BIDENS CERNUA. NODDING WATER-HEMP - AGRIMONY. BIDENS Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariſtis erectis fcabris. Cal. imbricatus. Cor. rarius flofculo uno alterne radiante inſtructus. Raii. Syn. Gen. 8. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS CORYMBIFERÆ DICTÆ. BIDENS cernua foliis lanceolatis amplexicaulibus floribus cernuis feminibus ere&tis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. Þ. 610. BIDENS foliis feffilibus ferratis, floribus nutantibus circumvallatis. Haller. Hift. 120. BIDENS cernua Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 176. n. 2. CANNABINA aquatica folio non diviſo. Bauh. pin. 321.. VERBESINA pulchriore flore luteo. I. B. II. 1074. EUPATORIÆ Cannabinæ fæminæ varietas altera Ger. emac. 711. EUPATORIUM aquaticum folio integro. Parkins. 596. VERBESINA minima. Dillen. Cat. Giſs. 167. et App. 66. Raii. Syn. ed 3. t. 7. f. 2. Raii. Syn. p. 187. Water-Hemp-Agrimony with an undivided leaf. Hudſon. Fi. Angl. ed. 2. p. 356. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 463. RADIX annua, fibroſa, fibris plurimis, majuſculis, ROOT annual, and fibrous, the fibres numerous, large, alte defcendentibus. branched, running deep. CAULIS pedalis, bipedalis, et ultra, erectus, ramofus, STALK from one to two feet high or more, upright, hiſpidulus, purpurafcens, rubro punctatus, branched, ſomewhat hiſpid, purpliſh, dotted inferne teres, fuperne fulcato-ſtriatus, rami with red, below round, above ftriated, the oppofiti, fuberecti branches oppoſite and nearly upright. FOLIA oppofita, indiviſa, modice connata, ovato- LEAVES oppoſite, undivided, moderately connate, lanceolata, patentia, ſerrata, utrinque lævia. ovato-lanceolate, ſpreading, ſerrated, and ſmooth on both fides. PEDUNCULI ftriati. FLOWER-STALKS ftriated. FLORES e luteo vireſcentes, demum cernui, plerumque FLOWERS of a yellowiſh green colour, finally radiati. drooping, generally radiated. CALYX communis, foliaceus, foliolis circiter feptem, CALYX common to all the florets leafy, confiſting of lineari-lanceolatis, ferrulatis, nervofis, reflexis, about ſeven leaves, which are of a ſhape be- corollâ longioribus. twixt linear and lanceolate, finely ſawed at the edge, rib'd, turning back and longer than the corolla. COROLLA: PETALA exteriora decem circiter, oblongo- COROLLA: the exterior PETALS about ter in num- ovata, acutiuſcula, nitida, e flavo-vireſcentia, ber, of an oblong oval ſhape, ſomewhat point- apice inflexa, lineis parallelis nigricantibus ed, and bending in at the top, of a yellowiſh picta, exempta margine; FLOSCULI in diſco green colour, ſhining and marked with blackiſh. numeroſi, æquales, hermaphroditi, infundi- parallel lines except the margin, the FLOWERS buliformes, flavi; Tubus cylindraceus, longi- in the center numerous, æqual, hermaphro- tudine limbi feu paulo longior, Limbus cam- dite, funnel ſhaped and of a yellow colour ; panulatus, quinquedentatus, dentibus fub- the Tube cylindrical the length of the limb or ſubreflexis. fig. 1. 2. a little longer, the Limb bell-ſhaped, having five teeth which turn fomewhat back. fig. 1. 2. STAMINA : FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria; An- STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, very fine ; ANTHERÆ THERÆ nigricantes, in tubum laxum coali- blackiſh, forming a looſe tube. fig. 3. te. fg. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN angulatum, ſubconicum, albi- PISTILLUM: Germen angular, ſomewhat conical, dum, apice truncatum, ſuperne e quatuor whitiſh, cut off at top, furniſhed above with angulis, ariſtis quatuor longitudine fere flof- four beards or awns proceeding from the four culi inſtructum. fig. 6. angles almoſt the length of the flower and belet with little hooks bending backward. fig.6. SEMEN olivaceo-nigrum, obverſe conicum, tetrago- SEED of a dark olive colour, inverſely conical, four num, angulis ariftiſque retrorſum ſcabro ha- cornered, the corners and beards beſet with moſis. fig. 7 little hooks bending backward. fig. 7. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum Paleis ſtructuræ petalo- RECEPTACLE chaffy or beſet with numerous lan- rum, lanceolatis, longitudine flofculorum. ceolate leaves having the ſtructure of the petals and being as long as the florets, fig. 5. THE Genus Bidens of LINNÆUS is chiefly characteriz'd by the ſtucture of its ſeeds, which according to its name ſhou'd be furniſhed with two teeth or awns, to neither of our Engliſh ſpecies does this name however well accord, as the one has generally three and the other four; the awns are furniſh'd with ſmall ſharp hooks, (a curious object for the microſcope) by means of which they often ſtick to ones cloaths, and Mr. LIGHT- foot mentions that they have been known fometimes to deſtroy the Cyprinus auratus or Gold Fiſh by adhering to their Gills and Jaws. We have two ſpecies of Bidens common in this country viz the tripartita and cernua, the tripartita is common on the edge of almoſt every pond, the cernua delights rather to grow in the water itſelf, in the ditches about St. Georges Fields, in the pond adjoining Hornſey Wood, and in ſimilar fituations about London it is very frequently met with, it flowers in the month of September, a month later than the tripartita. Like all other plants it is ſubject to vary, being ſometimes found without its exterior petals, and ſometimes in very drys ſeaſons when the Sun has exhaled the water from the pond it has grown in, it has been found ſo dwarfiſh as not to exceed two or three inches in height, a plant of this kind is figured on the plate, fig. 8, DILLENIUS finding it in this ſtate, deſcribed and figured it is in his edition of Rays Synopſis , as a diſtinct ſpecies and LINNÆ- us probably relying on his authority adopted it as ſuch in his Species plantarum but HALLER who had ſeen the Plant very juſtly conſiders it as only a variety and Mr. LightFoot concurs with him in opinion, Mr. Hudson with his uſual inaccuracy in the ſecond edition of his Flora anglica gives it as a variety of the tripartita. The flowers of this ſpecies have a ſtrong and not a very diſagreeable ſmell, hence they promiſe to poffefs fome medicinal powers, it is ſaid by LINNÆUS, to dye yellow, but not fo powerfully as the tripartita. fig. 5. 192 V Bidens NJ cornua INE OF INULA DYSENTERICA. COMMON FLEABA NE. INULA Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYG. SUPERFL. Recept. nudum. Pappus ſimplex. Antheræ bafi in duas ſetas definentes. Raii. Syn. Gen. 7. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO, SEMINE PAPPOSO NON LACTESCENTES, FLORE DISCOIDE. INULA dyſenterica foliis amplexicaulibus cordato-oblongis, caule villoſo paniculato, fquamis calycinis ſetaceis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 637. Lin. Spec. pl. p. 1237. Fl, Suecic. n. 557. ASTER foliis amplexicaulibus, undulatis, fubtus tomentofis. Haller. hiſt. n. 79. ASTER Dyſentericus. Scopoli. Fl. Carn. n. 1079. CONYZA media aſteris flore luteo vel tertia diofcoridis. Bauh, pin. 265. CONYZA media Matthioli, flore magno luteo, humidis locis proveniens. 7. B. II. 1050. CONYZA media Ger. emac. 482. HERBA DYSENTERICA. Cat. Altdorf. Raii. Syn.p 174. Middle Fleabane. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 368. Oeder. Fl. Dan. t. 410. a . RADIX perennis, repens, albida, craffitie penne an- ROOT perennial, creeping, whitiſh, the thickneſs of . ſerinæ, majuſculis fibris donata. a gooſe quill, furniſhed with largiſh fibres. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, ramoſiſſimus, STALK from one to two feet high, upright, very teres, firmus, folidus, lanuginoſus. much branched, round, firm, folid, with a wooly furface. FOLIA alterna, conferta, patentia, amplexicaulia, ob- LEAVES alternate, ſet thickly together, ſpreading, longa, obſcure ferrata, inferne tomentoſa, embracing the ſtalk, oblong, obſcurely ferra- fuperne fubhirſuta, obſcure viridia. ted, underneath woolly, above ſomewhat hir- ſute, of a dull green colour. RAMI plurimi, cauli ſimiles, erecti, ſerioribus altius BRANCHES numerous, like the ſtalk, upright, the provectis. lateſt growing to the greateſt height. FLORES flavi, procul confpicui, numeroſi, ſubco- FLOWERS yellow, conſpicuous at a diſtance, nume- rymboſi. rous, and forming a kind of corymbus. CALYX : communis, imbricatus, foliolis laxis, ſub- CALYX : common to many florets, the leaves placed linearibus, hirſutis. one over another, ſomewhat linear and hir- fute. COROLLA compofita, radiata, Corollula hermaphro- COROLLA compound and radiate, hermaphrodite ditæ, æquales, numeroſiſſimæ in diſco. Fe- Florets equal and exceedingly numerous in the mineæ ligulatæ, numerofæ, confertæ in radio. center. Female ligulate, numerous, growing Propria Hermaphroditis infundibuliformis, cloſe together, in the circumference. Each limbo quinquefido, erectiuſculo, fig. 7. Femi- Hermaphrodite floret funnel ſhaped, the limb nea ligulata, ſublinearis, tridentata. fig. 1. divided into five ſegments which are nearly upright, fig. 7. Female ligulate, ſomewhat li- near, terminating in three teeth. fig. I. STAMINA Hermaphroditis : FILAMENTA quinque, STAMINA in the Hermaphrodite flower; five FILA- filiformia, brevia. ANTHERA cylindrica, com- MENTS thread-ſhaped and ſhort. ANTHERÆ pofita ex minoribus quinque linearibus, coali- forming a cylindrical tube, compoſed of five tis: fingulis inferne definentibus in fetas duas ſmaller linear ones united, each terminating rectas longitudine filamentorum. below in two ſtrait ſetæ or threads the length of the filaments. PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis: Germen oblongum, PISTILLUM of the Hermaphrodite florets: GERMEN hiſpidulum ; Stylus filiformis, longitudine oblong and ſomewhat hiſpid; Style thread- ſtaminum ; STIGMA bifidum, reflexum fig. 8. ſhaped, the length of the ſtamina; STIGMA Femineis : GERMEN ut in Hermaphrodito ; bifid and turning back. fig. 8. of the female fig. 3. Stylus longitudine tubi, STIGMA Florets; GERMEN as in the Hermaphrodite bifidum. fig. 2. ones. fig. 3. STYLE the length of the tube ; STIGMA bifid. PAPPUS pilofus. fig. 4. 5. 6. DOWN hairy. fig. 4, 5, 6. a a At the cloſe of the year this plant contributes not a little to enliven and beautify the ſides of our moiſt ditches, to the Farmer it however affords no very pleaſing ſpectacle when it overruns as it frequently does large tracts of Land and gives it a barren uncultivated appearance. LINNÆUs in his Flora Suecica mentions his having been informed by General Keit that the Ruſſians in their expedition againſt the Perſians were cured of the Bloody Flux by means of this plant, whence it has probably obtained its name of dyſenterica, had it poſſeſſed any efficacy in this diſeaſe ſuperior to the medicines in general uſe it would moſt probably have been retain’d in the preſent practice. Ray has obſerved that the leaves when bruiſed ſmelt like Soap, Rutty informs us that the juice is ſaltiſh and warms the mouth a little, that the decoction is ſomewhat acrid in the throat, at the ſame time aſtringent and turning green with vitrol of Iron, that the infuſion is ſomewhat aſtringent, very bitter in the throat, and turning black with vitriol of Iron. Cattle in general diſlike it. a 164 Joula dipertrica Sansom,/abs OR IV. M Bicy EEEEE Ecuador INULA PULICARIA . SMALL FLEABA NE. INULA Lin. Gen. Plant. SYNGENÈSIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA, Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex, Antheræ bafi in fetas duas definentes. Raii. Syn. Gen. 7. HERBÆ FLORÈ COMPOSITO, SEMINE PAPPOŠO NON LACTESCENTES, FLORE DISCOIDE. INULA Pulicaria foliis amplexicaulibus undulatis, caule proſtrato, floribus ſubgloboſis. Lin. Sp. Pl. p. 1233 ASTER foliis amplexicaulibus, undulatis, hirſutis, radiis breviſſimis. Haller. Hift. n. 80. n. ASTER Pulicarius. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1080. CONYZA minor flore globoſo. Baubin pin. 266. CONYZA minima. Gerard emāc, 482. Raii. Syn. p. 174. ſmall Fleabane, Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 369. Oeder. Fl. Dan. icon. 613. RADIX annua, fibroſa, albida, articulată, plerumque curvata. CAULIS fpithamæus, raro ultra pedalem, nobiſcum plerumque erectus, ramofiffimus, teres, pur- purafcens, pubefcens, ſubflexuoſus; Rami al- terni, cauli fimiles. FOLİA alterna, oblongo-lanceolata, amplexicaulia; hirſutula, undulata, tortuoſa. FLORES parvi, numeroſi, hæmifphærici, lutei, fum- mitatibus ramulorum infidentes, peduncu- lati; poſt nati ſupra primos eminentes. CALYX communis imbricatus, fquamæ numerofæ, inæquales, ſublineares, erectæ, tomentofæ. COROLLA compofita : Corollulæ Hermaphrodita æquales, numeroſiſſimæ in dico, limbo quin- quefido, erecto, extus minutiffime glauduloſo, fig. 5, Feminea ligulatæ, numerofæ, confertæ in radio; carinâ ad lentem ſcabriuſculâ, limbo breviſſimo, plerumque tridentato. fig. 1. ROOT annual, fibrous, whitiſh, jointed, generally crooked. STALK from ſeven inches to a foot in height, ſeldom more, with us generally upright, very much branched, round, purpliſh, downy, fome- what crooked; Branches alternate, and like the ſtalk. LEAVES alternate, oblong, and lanceolate, embra- cing the ſtalk, ſlightly hairy, waved at the edges and twiſted. FLOWERS ſmall, numerous, hemiſpherical and yel- low, fitting on the tops of the branches and having fööt ſtalks, the laſt blown ſtanding conſiderably above the others. CALYX common to many florets, ſcales lying one over another, numerous, almoſt linear, up- right, equal and woolly. COROLLA compound, Hermaphrodite Florets equal, exceedingly numerous in the center, the limb divided into five upright ſegments, and ex- ternally very minutely glandular, fig. 5. Fe- male Florets in the circumference flat at the extremity, numerous, cloſe together, the keel or midrib underneath a little rough, the limb very fhort, uſually terminating in three teeth. fig. 1. STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, very fine ; ANTHERÆ yellow, the length of the corolla, each fur- niſhed at bottom with two flender ſetæ or briſtles. fig. 9, 10. 11. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria ; An- THERÆ flavæ, longitudine corollæ, fingulis ſetis duabus tenuiffimis ad bafin inſtructis. fig. 9, 10, 11. PISTILLUM: GERMEN Hermaphroditis et Feminæis oblongum, teres, album, pilis rigidulis ſub- appreffis hirſutum. fig. 2, 4 STYLUS CO- rollâ longior ; STIGMA bifidum, lacinis re- flexis. fig. 3, 6. SEMEN oblongum, nigricans, hiſpidulum, teres, pappo fimplici, rigidulo, fragili, longitudine ſeminis coronatum. fig. 8. RECEPTACULUM nudum, pun&tis prominulis fca- brum. fig. 7: PISTILLUM : GerMeN both in the Hermaphrodite and Female Florets oblong, round, white, hirſute with ſtiffiſh hairs which are ſomewhat prefs'd to it; fig. 2, 4, STYLE longer than the corolla ; STIGMA bifid, the fegments turning back. fig. 3. 6. SEED oblong, blackiſh, round and a little hiſpid, crown'd with a ſimple, ftiffiſh, brittle down, the length of the feed. fig. 8. RECEPTACLE naked, roughiſh from little promis nent points. fig. 7. LINNÆUS in his Genera Plantarum informs us that the Inula is principaily characterized by having two ſmall Setæ or Brifiles proceeding from the baſe of each Anthera, and that it is by this circumſtance in an eſpecial man- ner diſtinguiſhed from the Genus Aſter, yet notwithſtanding this, both Haller and Scopoli have thought proper to join it with that genus; although a peculiar character, it might perhaps be conſidered by them as too minute to found a Genus on, in this ſpecies it requires a good eye and ſome ſmall dexterity to diſcover them, yet they are fufficiently viſible ; independent of them however, there is on the face of the two genera ſuch an evident diffimilarity that a ſtudent would never expect to find then arranged together This ſpecies is not ſo common as the dyſenterica, nor is it like that a perennial.-It generally grows in places overflowed in the winter, on the borders of Ponds particularly in a ſtiffifh foil and flowers in September. 156 ure 10 8 Snuta Priticaria Jawodala INT OF Sich bo VIOLA PALUSTRIS. Вос Bog V10 LET. VIOLA Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala, irregularis, poftice cornuta. Caps. fupera 3-valvis, i-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. VIOLA acaulis, foliis reniformibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 668. Sp. Pl. p. 1324. Fl. Suecic. n. 786. Haller. hiſt. n. 560. . VIOLA paluſtris rotundifolia glabra. Moris . bift. 2. p. 475. f. 5. t. 35. f. 5. Plot. Ox. 144. 1. 9. f. 2. Raii Syn. p. 364- Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 379. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 506. Oeder Fl. Dan. t 83. RADIX perennis, repens, albida, dentata, hinc in- ROOT perennial, creeping, whitiſh, toothed, here de gemmis albis inſtructa, plurimis fibrillis ra- and there furniſhed with white buds, and a- mofis capillata. bundantly ſupplied with branched fibres. STIPULÆ radicales plurimæ, ovato-acutæ, ſerrulatæ. STIPULÆ next the root numerous, ovate, pointed, and ſlightly ſawed. PETIOLI glabri, femicylindracei, interne concavi, LEAF-STALKS ſmooth, femicylindrical, internally ad lentem viſi punctis minutiffimis purpureis hollow, view'd with a glaſs appearing to be notati. finely dotted with purple. FOLIA ſubreniformia, tenera, nitida, crenata, ve- LEAVES fomewhat kidney-ſhaped, tender, ſhining, nofa, fubtus haud infrequenter purpurafcen- notched, veiny, on the under fide frequently tia. purpliſh. PEDUNCULI radicales, uniflori, petiolis duplo lon- FLOWER-STALKS ſpringing from the root, twice giores, ſubtetragoni. the length of the leaf-ſtalks, ſomewhat qua- drangular BRACTEÆ duo, lanceolatæ, oppofitæ, ad baſin fer- FLORAL-LEAVES two, lanceolate, oppoſite, fine- rulatæ, infra medium pedunculi pofitæ. ly ſawed at the baſe, and placed below the middle of the flower-ſtalk. FLORES parvi, pallide purpurei. FLOWERS ſmall, of a pale purple colour. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM parvum, petalis duobus ſu- CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM, ſmall and almoſt hid by the perioribus fere occultum, pentaphyllum, two uppermoſt petals, compoſed of five leaves, foliolis oblongis, obtufis, fuperioribus apice which are oblong, obtuſe, the uppermoſt recurvis. fig. 1. turn'd back at top. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, pallide purpurea, duo- COROLLA five Petals, of a pale purple colour, the bus ſuperioribus deorſum flexis, longitudine two uppermoſt bent back, almoſt the length fere calcaris nectarii, petala lateralia fubtor- of the four of the nectary, the fide petals tuoſa, ftria unica fimplici notata, baſi barbata, ſomewhat twiſted, marked with one ſimple fig. 2. infima venis purpureis ramoſis pulchre ſtreak, and bearded at the bottom, the low- picta, in calcar breve obtuſum poftice excur- ermoſt beautifully painted with branched rente. fig. 3. veins of a purple or reddiſh colour, running out backward into a ſhort blunt ſpur. fig. 2. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque breviffima; AN- STAMINA: five FILAMENTS very ſhort, ANTHERÆ THERÆ biloculares, in tubum vix coalescen- bilocular, ſcarcely united in a tube, termi- tes, membrana aurantiaca terminatæ. fig. 4. nated by an orange colour'd membrane. fig. au ct. 4. magnified. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubovatum; Stylus baſi cur- PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſomewhat ovate; STYLE vatus, fuperne incraffatus, antheris longior; crooked at bottom, thicken'd at top, longer STIGMA nudo oculo bifidum apparet; fig. 5. than the antheræ ; STIGMA to the naked eye armato ficut ad. fig. 6. bifid. fig. 4. when magnified appearing as at fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA oblonga, trigona, tri- SEED-VESSEL an oblong, three-corner'd CAPSULE valvis. of three valves. SEMINA plurima, fubrotunda. SEEDS numerous and roundiſh. a IT is in Bogs only that we find the Viola paluſtris, the leaſt ſhowy of all our Engliſh Violets, and in ſuch ſituations it generally abounds, on the boggy part of Shirley Common near Croydon, it may be found in flower in April and May. It is diſtinguiſhed from the other ſpecies by the peculiarity of its place of growth, the greater roundneſs of its leaves, the paleneſs of its flowers, and the extraordinary form of its ſtigma, vid. pl. fig. 6. In its economy it reſembles the Viola odorata, hirta, &c. producing ripe feeds without perfect blofioms, and that in a greater quantity and for a longer continuance than any of the others. A Violet with red ſtriped bloſſoms is mentioned by PARKINSON, under the name of Viola rubra ſtriata Ebora- cenſis which is conſidered by Mr. Ray and later writers, as only a variety of the preſent plant. 217 9 af Viola palustris OF SNIE ORCHIS Morio. MEADOW ORCHIS. ORCHIS Linn. Gen. Pl. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Ne&tarium corniforme pone florem. Raii Syn. Gen. 26. HERBÆ RADICE BULBOSA PRÆDITÆ. ORCHIS Morio bulbis indiviſis, nectarii labio quadrifido crenulato : cornu obtufo adſcendente, petalis obtufis conniventibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 674. Sp. Pl. p. 1333. Fl. Suec. 11. 794. ORCHIS radicibus fubrotundis, petalis galeæ lineatis, labello trifido crenato, medio ſegmento emargi- nato. Haller. hiſt. n. 1281. t. 33. ORCHIS Morio. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. n. 1110. ORCHIS morio femina. Bauhin. pin. 82. Parkins. 1347, CYNOSORCHIS morio femina. Ger. emac. 208. Raii Syn. 377. The Female Fool-ſtones. Hudſon, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 383. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 514. Oeder. Fl. Dan. Tab. 253 RADIX : Bulbi duo, fubrotundi, magnitudine nucis avellanæ aut etiam moſchatæ, fuperne ut in pleriſque hujus generis fibris majuſculis pa- tentibus inſtructi, odore fubhircino. SCAPUS fpithamæus, ad pedalem et ultra, erectus, foliofus. FOLIA amplexicaulia, lanceolata, lineata, fuperne ni- tida, inferne ſubargentea, ima reflexa, et quo- dammodo intorta. FLORES pauciores, ſex five octo, raro ultra duodecim, purpurei, laxe difpofiti. BRACTÆA longitudine fere germinis, purpurafcens, incumbens. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, omnibus in galeam conniventibus, quorum duo exteriora preſertim lineis quinque parallelis, viri- dibus notantur. LABELLUM amplum, purpureum, medio albidum, punctatum, trilobum, lobis lateralibus deflexis, medio breviore emarginato, omnibus ferrulatis. Calcar longitudine fere germinis, ſubemarginatum, furfum tendens. STAMINA: FILAMENTA duo; ANTHERÆ virides, clavatæ, bilamellatæ. fig. 2. 3. 5. ROOT: two roundiſh Bulbs of the fize of a hazel nut or even of a nutmeg, above as in moſt of the plants of this tribe furniſhed with largiſh ſpreading fibres, ſmelling ſtrong and rank. STALK from fix or ſeven inches to a foot or more in height, upright and leafy. LEAVES embracing the ſtalk, lanceolate, marked with lines, ſhining on the upper fide, un- derneath ſilvery, the bottom ones for the moſt part turning back and variouſly con- torted. FLOWERS few in number, from ſix to eight, feldom more than twelve, of a purple colour, fitting looſely on the ſtalk. BRACTÆA or Floral leaf, almoſt the length of the germen, purpliſh and incumbent. COROLLA : five Petals, all of which cloſe together and form the helmet, of theſe the two outermoſt are ſtrikingly marked with green parallel lines. LIP large, purple, whitiſh in the middle and dotted, having three lobes, of which the two ſide ones turn downward, the middle one ſhorteſt with a notch in it, all of them finely ſawed. Spur nearly the length of the germen, ſlightly notched at top and tending upward. STAMINA: two FILAMENTS; ANTHERÆ green, club-ſhaped, ſplitting into two lamellæ. fig. 2. 3. 5. a Moſt of the plants of the Orchis tribe as already has been obſerved have bulbous roots which are yearly re- newed, they do not however encreaſe in that abundant manner which many other bulbous-rooted plants are known to do; as yet I have not heard of any one that has raiſed them from ſeed, nor can I boaſt a fact of that kind myſelf, yet frequent obſervation almoſt confirms me in the opinion that they muſt be propagated from ſeed, if this be not admitted, how ſhall we account for ſo many young plants being found together as are frequently obſerved ? I have myſelf ſeen from twenty to thirty young plants of the Bee Orchis growing within a foot of each other, and it is well-known they feldom or never encreaſe by the root; accurate and repeated obſervation in na- tural hiſtory is capable of producing much information, and will it is hoped e're long ſatisfactorily elucidate this doubtful ſubject. Some writers on the Materia Medica have pronounc'd this to be the true plant which produces the oriental Salep, while others ſuppoſe it to be ſome other ſpecies, there is one circumſtance which makes it impoſſible that this ſpecies ſhould produce all the Salep as many of the roots in that drug appear palmated like thoſe of the Orchis Macu- lata, whereas had they been the produce of the Orchis Morio they would all have appeared round, it would therefore appear moſt probable that the Salep is formed from a number of the different fpecies mixed together; there ſeems to be no propriety in confining it to this ſpecies alone, the maſcula, the maculata, the bifolia, and ſome others have as large or larger roots than this, and their quality appears to be the ſame. The Orchis Morio grows in meadows that are moderately dry, ſuch as the Cowílip is uſually found in, and ſometimes they are ſo numerous as to empurple the ſpot they grow on. It affumes all the changes of colour from a deep purple to a white, indeed there is no Orchis more variable in this reſpect, but in all its varieties it retains more or leſs ſtrongly the green lines on its fide petals which obvi- ouſly diſtinguiſh it from all our other Orchis's, It flowers in May and June. a 174 4 Fey 2 5. Orchis Morie Sansen-Group N INI Hic OF 177 12 2- 14: 15..... Ophrys Cana 10 -11 4 Sansom Soulp INO CH. OF OPHRYS OV A T A. Τ TWAYBLADE, OPHRYS Lin. Gen. Pl. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Nečtarium ſubcarinatum. Raii Syn. Gen. 29. HERBÆ RADICE BULBOSA PRÆDITÆ. OPHRYS ovata bulbo fibroſo, caule bifolio, foliis ovatis, nectarii labio bifido. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 667. Sp. Pl. 1342. Fl. Suec. 7. 8.8. EPIPACTIS foliis binis ovatis, labello bifido. Haller. bift. 1291. t. 37. OPHRYS ovata, Bauhin. Pin. 87. Ger, emac. 402. BIFOLIUM ſylveſtre vulgare Parkins. 504. Raii Syn. 385. Common Twayblade. Fl. Dan. t. 137. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 388. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 523. n RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris plurimis, teretibus, ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres numerous, round, cy- cylindricis, contortis. lindrical, matted together. SCAPUS pedalis et ultra, folidus, teres, villoſus, ſub- STALK a foot or more in height, folid, round, vil- vifcidus, foliolis paucis perbrevibus, alternis, lous, ſlightly viſcid, and furniſhed with very acuminatis, vaginantibus inſtructus. Thort, alternate, pointed ſheathing leaves. FOLIA bina, prope terram, inferiore bafi fua fuperi- LEAVES growing in pairs, near the ground, the lower oris bafin ambiente, ovata, mucronata, quin- one by its baſe ſurrounding the baſe of the quenervia. upper one, ovate, pointed, with five ribs. FLORES herbacei, fpicati, laxe et diſtincte inſidentes. FLOWERS of a greeniſh colour, growing in a ſpike, fitting looſely and diſtinctly. SPICA prælonga, anguſta. SPIKE very long and narrow. Fig. 1. ad 12. exhibent partes fructificationis ficut per Fig. 1. to 12. exhibit the parts of the fructification as lentem apparent. they appear through a magnifier. Fig. 1. ad 6. Flos antice viſus. Fig. 1. to 6. a flower ſeen in front. Fig. 1. 4. 5. PETALA exteriora latiora, 2. 3. interiora Fig. 1. 4. 5. the outer broadeſt PeTALS, 2. 3. the in- anguſtiora. ner and more narrow ones. Fig. 6. Labellum NECTARII bifidum, in fitu naturali Fig. 6. the Lip of the Nectary, which in its natural fæpius inflexum. ſituation is generally bent inward. Fig. 7. the fuperior Squama, fig. 10. the inferior Squa- Fig. 7. Squama fuperior, fig. 10. Squama inferior, ma (the ſuitentaculum of Haller) between (ſuſtentaculum Halleri) inter quas theca fta- which the caſe containing the ſtamina is held minum quafi in forcipe continetur. as in a pair of forceps. Fig. 12. Theca ftaminum, cum ftaminibus inclufis. Fig. 12. the Caſe of the ſtamina, with the ſtamina en- cloſed. Fig. 8. Theca ftaminum, demiffis ftaminibus, fig. 9. Fig. 8. the Caſe of the ſtamina, the ſtamina having fallen out, fig. 9 Fig. 15. STAMINA cum ANTHERIS bilamellofis, flavis, Fig. 15. the STAMINA with the ANTHERÆ compoſed ſeorſim exhibitis. of two lamellæ of a yellow colour ſhewn by themſelves. Fg. II. Stigma. Fig. 11. the Stigma. Fig. 15. PERICARPIUM nat. magnitud. Fig. 15. Seed-Vessel of its natural fize. To render the characters of this genus, which are very difficult of inveſtigation, eaſy to the Botanic Student, they are repreſented in a magnified ſtate, and particularly referred to. It will be ſeen on comparing, how very different they are from thoſe of the Orchis. This ſpecies of Ophrys is the moſt common of the whole genus, and may be found in moſt of the woods about London, particularly ſuch as have a moiſt foil, as about Shooter's-hill, and ſometimes it is found in Mea- dows and on Heaths. A variety with three leaves is row and then met with. It flowers in May and June. санал - TYPHA MAJOR. GREATER CATSTAIL. TYPHA Linnæi Gen. Plant. MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. MASC. Amentum cylindricum. Cal. obfoletus, 3 phyllus, Cor. o. Fem. Amentum cylindricum, infra maſculos. Cal. capillo villoſo. Cor. o. Sem. 1. infidens pappo capillari. Raii Syn. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ NON CULMIFERÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO. TYPHÁ latifolia foliis fubenfiformibus, ſpica maſcula femineaque approximatis. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 702. Sp. pl. 1377 TYPHA clava unica. Haller. hift. n. 1305. TYPHA latifolia. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 214. TYPHA paluſtris major. Baubin. p. 20. TYPHA paluftris maxima. Parkinſon, 1204 TYPHA Ger. emac. 46. Raii Syn. p. 436. Great Catſtail or Reed-mace. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 400. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. 538. RADIX perennis, repens, craffitie pollicis, articulata, fpongioſa, radiculis, fibrilloſis, albidis inſtructa, furculi albidi, teneri, in mucronem rigidam abeuntes, more tritici canini. CULMUS tripedalis ad fexpedalem, fimplex, erectus, foliofus, teres, lævis. FOLIA alterna, erecta, tortuoſa, baſi ſubenſiformia, carnofa, fuperne plana, glauca, unciam fere lata, bi aut tripedalia, longiffimâ vaginâ cau- lem involventia. a SPATHÆ duæ, deciduæ, una ad fpicæ maſculæ baſın, altera ad ejus medium. FLORES maſculi numeroſiſſimi in Amento erecto, cul- mum terminante. CALYX, nullus. COROLLA, nulla. STAMINA: FILAMENTUM antequam antheræ polli- nem dimittunt, breviffimum, ſuſtinens An- theram unam ad quatuor, demiffo polline pen- dulum, et antheris longius; ANTHERÆ ob- longæ, flavæ, quadrifulcatæ, glandulâ viref- cente terminatæ. fig. 1. 2. 3. 4. FLORES feminei numeroſiſſimi, in amento, maſculino ſubjecto et contiguo. ROOT perennial, creeping, the thickneſs of one's thumb, jointed, ſpongy, furniſhed with ſmall fibrous roots of a whitiſh colour, the young ſhoots white, tender, terminating in a ſharp hard point, like that of the common couch grafs. STALK from three to fix feet high, ſimple, upright, leafy, round and ſmooth. LEAVES alternate, upright, twiſted, at bottom ſword ſhaped and fleſhy, at top flat, and of a blueiſh colour, about an inch in breadth and two or three feet in length, incloſing the ſtalk in a very long ſheath. SHEATHS two, deciduous, one placed at the bottom of the male ſpike, the other at the middle. FLOWERS of the male very numerous, in an up- right Catkin, terminating the ſtalk. CALYX wanting. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: the FILAMENT before the ſhedding of the pollen is very ſhort, fuſtaining from one to four Antheræ, the pollen being ſhed, they hang down and become longer than the an- theræ ; ANTHERÆ oblong, yellow, with four grooves, and terminated by a greeniſh gland. fig. 1. 2. 3. 4. FLOWERS of the female extremely numerous, in a catkin placed under and contiguous to the male catkin. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oval, very minute, fitting on a ſhort footſtalk; STYLE thickened above; STIGMA black. SEED very ſmall, fitting on a footſtalk, and termi- nated by an ariſta, the footſtalk downy, fig. 5. RECEPTACLE of the male-catkin hairy. PISTILLUM: GERMenovatum, minimum, pedunculo brevi infidens; Stylus fuperne incraffarus; STIGMA nigrum. SEMEN minimum. pedunculatum, ariſtatum, pedun- culo pappoſo. fig. 5. RECEPTACULUM amenti maſculi pilofum. THE appearance of the Typha Major, when its ſpike is nearly ripe, is ſufficiently ſtriking to engage the at- tention even of the moſt incurious; it is not therefore to be wondered at, that Gentlemen, who are fond of Plants, ſhould introduce it on the edges of their ponds, or that Painters ſhould make it a conſpicuous Plant in their repreſentations of water ; the Gentleman ſhould however be apprized, that it has a creeping root, which encreaſes very much, ſoon choaks up a ſmall piece of water, and overpowers other aquatics ; thus dif- ficult to keep within proper bounds, the moſt eligible mode of cultivating it is found to be in fome border of the garden, where, if the foil be moiſt, it will flouriſh and produce ſpikes more abundantly than in the water. The 171 3 2 Typha major Sanaondoulp OF 160 Sansem obrany Typha minor 2 MNO UN OF The quantity of impregnating duſt contained in the male ſpike is exceedingly great, though proportioned indeed to the aſtoniſhing number of ſeeds in the female ſpike below; if theſe ſeeds are endowed with a vege- tative power, (and that they are not I cannot affert from experiment) Nature will appear to have been unu- ſually ſolicitous in the preſervation of this Plant; but it often happens, as elſewhere has been obſerved, that many of thoſe plants which encreaſe very much by their roots ſeldom produce perfect feed, as in the Money- wort, Butterbur, Water Violet, &c. here indeed the ſeed appears to come to its greateſt perfection; they are, it is true, exceedingly minute, but this is no argument againſt their growth, as the ſeeds of the Ferns, which are infinitely ſmaller, are known to vegetate, and ſo are thoſe of the Mofles, which are vet ſmaller; for, what- ever ſome Botaniſts may affert to the contrary, the fine powder contained in their capſules, is as much feed as that contained in the capſules of the Ferns. To aſcertain the fact relative to the Typha, and to learn whether it encreaſes in any confiderable degree from the feed, I propoſe ſticking round ſome pond where it is not known to grow, ſeveral ſpikes with the feeds juſt beginning to blow off, and ſhall relate the effects of this experiment under the Sparganium, or Burreed. The parts of fructification in this plant being very minute, are with difficulty inveſtigated. Linnæus, who examined and deſcribed them without the aſſiſtance of a magnifier, is therefore excuſable, if he has not been fo minutely accurate in his deſcription of them, as he is in moſt others. The Calyx which he deſcribes does not appear to be the Calyx, but rather ſome of the hairs proceeding from the receptacle, and which indeed appear more evidently to be ſo, from the hairy appearance of the receptacle when the ſtamina are dropt off; on one Filament are ſupported one, two, three, or four Antheræ, and that indif- criminately, ſo that there does not appear to be any great propriety in placing it in the order Triandria, it would be much leſs puzzling, and perhaps more agreeable to the ſyſtem, to place it in the order Polyandria, there be- ing many ſtamina, and all of them united to one receptacle. The uſes to which this plant are applied are but few, The Roots are ſaid to be eaten as a ſallad. Haller. hiſt. ex. au£t. Gledit. & The downy ſeeds ferve for ſtuffing pillows. Haller. hiſt. Coopers uſe the leaves to faſten the hoops round their caſks. Lin. ex au&t. Ruppii . According to HALLER, cattle eat the leaves which are fufpected to be poiſonous by SCHREBER. It grows in ponds, ditches, and by the ſides of rivers in many places about London, and flowers in July. Typha minor. SMALLER CATSTAIL . MINOR TYPHA Linnæi Gen. Pl. MonoECIA TRIANDRIA. Masc. Amentum cylindricum. Cal. obſoletus, 3 phyllus Cor. o. Fem. Amentum cylindricum, infra . . maſculos. Cal. capillo villoſo. Cor. 6. Sem. 1. infi- dens pappo capillari. a Raii Syn. HERRÆ GRAMNIIFOLIÆ NON CULMIFERÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO. TYPHA anguſtifolia foliis femicylindricis, ſpica maſcula femineaque remotis. Lin. Syft. vegetab. p. 702. Sp. pl. 1377 TYPHA clava maſeula a feminina remota. Haller. hiſt . 1306. TYPHA anguſtifolia. Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. p. p. 214. TYPHA paluſtris minor. Bauhin pin. p. 20. TYPHA minor Parkinſon, 1204. Raii Syn. 436. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 400. THE Typha Minor is a much ſcarcer plant about London than the Major, from which it differs fpecifi- cally in having much narrower leaves and flenderer ſpikes, the male ſpike being alſo diſtant from the female about an inch ; in the ſtructure of its parts and its general economy it reſembles the other. I have obſerved it growing near Baterſea, where it is now deſtroyed; alſo on the middle of Woolwich Common, where the Botaniſt may probably find it a hundred years hence. "It flowers at the ſame time as the Major. a na gora bos 70 liste besig is od oto wollist svist what 30 barnet of evelse tot das gibt od bus carob patrocini ewo i stowo оили. Air sto DAY olm HIYO a come To RT biolo salvat vi tooth Boldovendo CAREX PENDUL A. PENDULOUS CAREX . CAREx Lin. Gen. Pl. MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. MASC. 1 phyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. 1 phyllus. Cor. 0. Ne&tarium inflatum, 3 dentatum. Germen triquetrum, intra nectarium. Raii. Syn. Gen. 28 HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ NON CULMIFERÆ IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO, CAREX fpicis femininis pendulis longiſſimis, capſulis mucronatis ovatis. Haller. hift. 1396. Carex pendula, fpicis fubfeffilibus pendulis, maſcula erecta, femineis cylindricis longiſſimis, capſulis fubrotundis acuminatis. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2 p. 411. GRAMEN ſpica pendula longiore et anguſtiore B. pin. 6. Pr. 13. 7. B. 11. 497. GRAMEN cyperoides fpica pendula longiore. Parkins. 1267. Raii. Syn. p. 420. Many-ſpiked Cyperus- graſs with long pendulous heads. RADIX perennis, non vero repens. CULMUS tripedalis, ad orgyalem in folo lætiori etiam accedit, triqueter, levis, ſuperne ſtriatus, fo- liofus. FOLIA femunciam lata, viridia abſque ullâ glaucedine, oris nervisque fubafperis, minute ferrulatis, minus vero quam in multis aliis hujuſce ge- neris. SPICÆ: omnes pendulæ, fuprema e floribus mafculis omnino compofita, craffa, baſi tenuior, fecun- da et tertia femineæ apice incraſſatæ, ubi an- drogynæ, inferiores femineæ, lineares, lon- giffimæ. а. Flores maſculi. SQUAMÆ ovato-lanceolatæ, acuminatæ, e fuſco pur- purafcentes, concavæ, trinerves. fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria, demiffo pol- line longitudine fquamarum; ANTHERÆ lineares, quadriſulcatæ, flavæ. fig. 2. 3. 4. ROOT perennial, but not creeping. STALK three feet high, in a rich foil growing even to the height of fix feet, three cornered, ſmooth, at top ftriated, leafy. LEAVES half an inch broad, green without any glau- cous appearance, fomewhat rough from being finely ſawed, but much leſs ſo than many others of this genus. SPIKES: all of them pendulous, the uppermoſt com- poſed entirely of male flowers, thick, but flender at its baſe, the ſecond and third fe- male, thick at top, with a mixture of male and female flowers, the lower ones female, linear, and very long. Flowers of the male. SCALES narrow-oval, running out to a long point, of a browniſh purple colour, hollow, with three ribs. fig. 1. STAMINA: three FILAMENTS very fine, on the ſhedding of the pollen becoming as long as the ſcales; ANTHERÆ linear with four grooves, and of a yellow colour. fig. 2. 3. 4, Flowers of the female. SCALES as in the male. fig. 5. NECTARY inflated, of an oval oblong ſhape, ſmooth, the neck contracted. fig. 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN three cornered, within the Nectary; STYLE very ſhort; STIGMATA three, thread-ſhaped, and downy. fig. 7. 8. SEED ſingle, oval pointed, and three cornered, Flores feminei. SQUAMÆ ut in maſculo. fig. 5. NECTARIUM inflatum, ovato oblongum, glabrum, collo contracto. fig. 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN triquetrum, intra Nectarium; Stylus breviflimus; STIGMATA tria, filifor- mia, pubeſcentia. fig. 7. 8. SEMEN unicum, ovato acutum, triquetrum. We have here given for the firſt, a figure and deſcription of the Carex pendula, one of a numerous tribe of plants, diſtinguiſhed not leſs by the fingularity of their fructification, than the difficulty which attends an inveſ- tigation of their ſeveral ſpecies, from this difficulty the preſent plant may however claim a total exemption, for in whatever ſituation it is found, its long, pendulous, female ſpikes at once diſtinguiſh it, theſe when young are very ſlender, as the ſeeds ripen they become much thicker and cylindrical. This elegant ſpecies is found in great abundance in the moiſt hedges about Hamſtead and Highgate, flowering in May and ripening its feeds in June. It is not applied ſo far as our knowledge at preſent extends to any particular purpoſes, 180 2 7 3 8 Carex pendula OND OR Fick 16- ܠܗ 3 6. 9. 4 V Hydrocharis Mersus Рап, na Jansom Soulp OF СР. HYDROCHARIS MORSUS RANÆ. . FROG-BIT HYDROCHARIS Linnæi. Gen. Pl. Droecia ENNEANDRIA. Masc. Spatha 2 phylla. Cal. 3 fidus. Cor. 3 petala. Filam. 3 interiora 3 ſtylifera. FEM. Cal. 3 fidus. Cor. 3 petala. Styli 6. Caps. 6 locularis: . . polyſperma infera, HYDROCHARIS. Linnæi. Syft. Vegetab. p. 746. Spec. PL. 1466. Fl. Suecic. n. 914. HYDROCHARIS. Haller. hift. 4, 1068. NYMPHÆA alba minima. Bauh. p. 193. MORSUS RANÆ Parkinſon. 1252. MORSUS RANÆ Gerard, emac. 818. STRATIOTES folio afari, femine rotundo Raii . Syn. p. 290. The leaſt white Water Lilly or Frog-bit. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed 2. p. 436. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 622. a ova- a RADIX : Flagellis in longum extenſis facile multipli- ROOT: this plant eaſily multiplies itſelf by means of catur hæc planta, nutrimentum hauriens per runners which ſhoot out to a great length, radiculas albas, fibrillofas, in limum profunde and is ſupported by long fibrous roots, which deſcendentes. penetrate deep into the mud. FOLIA fex, five octo, natantia, rotundato-reniformia, LEAVES fix or eight, ſwimming, of a roundiſh kid- carnofa, glabra, integerrima, fubpellucida, ney ſhape, fleſhy, ſmooth, perfectly entire, venis paucis circularibus, plurimis tranſverſis ſomewhat tranſparent, marked with a few notata, fubtus rubella. circular but numerous tranſverſe lines, reddiſh underneath. PETIOLI ſpithamæi, craſſi, pellucidi, lineis plurimis LEAF STALKS fix or ſeven inches long, thick, tranf- decuſſati. parent, having numerous croſs bars. SPATHÆ in utraque fexu plurimæ, radicales, ovatæ, SHEATHS in both ſexes numerous, next the root, oval, pellucidæ, in mafculis etiam circa medium pe- and tranſparent, in the male plant alſo a pair dunculi enafcuntur binæ, flofculos tenellos, grow out about the middle of the flower ſtalk inapertos quafi in veficâ continentes. which contain the tender unopen'd bloſſoms as in a bladder. PEDUNCULI longitudine petiolorum, erecti; maſculi FLOWER-STALKS the length of the leaf ſtalks, up- triflori aut quadriflori; feminei uniflori, craf- right; the male producing three or four flow- fiores. ers, the female one only, thicker in ſize. Mas. Male. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM triphyllum, foliolis CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of three leaves, which are tis, concavis, Alaveſcentibus, membranaceis, oval, concave, yellowiſh, membranous and patentibus. fig. 1. ſpreading. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA tria, alba, plana, rugofula, te- COROLLA : three, white, flat Petals a little crumpled, nerrima, bafi flava. very tender, and yellow at bottom.. STAMINA: FILAMENTA novem, in tres ordines dif- STAMINA: nine FILAMENTS, diſpoſed in three rows, poſita, quorum intermedius ordo ftipitem ſu- of which each in the middlemoſt puts out bulatum e bafi fua interiore, ftyli ad inſtar from its baſe on the inſide a ſtyle like ſubſtance exſerit, et in centro collocat. Duo reliqui or- which is placed in the center of the flower. dines baſi connectuntur, ut internum et ex- The two other rows are connected at bottom ternum cohæreat filamentum ; ANTHERÆ ſo that the internal and external filament ad- fublineares, biloculares, flavæ. fig. 2.3.4.5.6.7. here together ; ANTHERÆ yellow, nearly li- near, with two cavities. fig. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. PISTILLUM: GERMINIS rudimentum in centro. f.8. PISTILLUM; the rudiment only of a GERMEN in the center. fig. 8. Femina. Female. CALYX : PerianTHIUM ut in mare, fuperum, CALYX: a Perianthium as in the male, placed above the Germen. COROLLA ut in mare. COROLLA as in the male. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubovatum, inferum : STYLI PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſomewhat oval, beneath the ſex, longitudine calycis, patentes, compreſli, calyx; STYLES fix, the length of the calyx, bifido canaliculati; STIGMATA bifida, acu- ſpreading, flat, forked and channel'd; STIG- minata. fig. 9.11. MATA forked and pointed. NECTARIUM: Glandula tres, flavæ, germen coronant. NECTARY: three yellow Glands crown the germen. fig. 1o. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA coriacea, fubrotunda, SEED-VESSEL: a roundiſh, leathery Capſule, with ſexlocularis. fix cavities. SEMINA numeroſa, minima, fubrotunda. SEEDS numerous, very minute, and roundiſh. a Most of the deep ditches with a muddy bottom, having a flow current of water, and which abound in the vicinity of the Thames, have their ſurface cover'd with this plant in Autumn, at which period its blofſoms which are uncommonly delicate make their appearance. The leaves and indeed the whole ſtructure and economy of the Frog-bit is exceedingly curious, and deſer- ving the minute attention of the inquiſitive Botaniſt. Its particular ufes we ſeem at preſent unacquainted with. RAY mentions a variety of it with ſweet, double flowers, growing in a ditch at the ſide of Audrey Caufey near a wooden bridge in the Iſle of Ely. 207 wyery 4... 3. 2. Wyprom puerum 10 Sanson Sculp N IV. HYPNUM PURUM MEADOW HYPNUM. . HYPNUM Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA Muści. Anthera operculata, Calyptra lævis, Filamentum laterale ortum e perichatio. Raii Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. 3 HYPNUM purum furculis pinnato-ſparſis fubulatis, foliis ovatis obtufis conniventibus. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 108. Sp. Pl. 1594. Fl. Suecic. 1031. HYPNUM famis teretibus, foliis ovato lanceolatis, ſetis prælongis, capſulis inclinatis, ariſtatis. HYPNUM purum. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. n. 1326. HYPNUM cupreffiforme vulgare, foliis obtufis. Dillen muſc. p. 309 fig. 45. MUSCUS ſquamoſus cupreffiformis. Vaillant Bot. pariſ. p. 138. 1. 15. Tab. 28. f. 3. HYPNUM terreſtre erectum, ramulis teretibus, foliis inter rotunda et acuta medio modo fe habentibus. 1 Raii. Syn. 81. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 504. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 753. que recurvi. CAULES teretiufculi, fubere&ti, fimplices ſeu ramoſi, STALKS roundiſh, ſomewhat upright, fimple or ſquamofi, nitentes, apicibus plerrumque craf- branched, fcaly, ſhining, the tops generally fioribus. thicken'd. RAMULI pinnato-fparfi, teretiufculi, fubulati, plerum- SMALL BRANCHES numerous, irregularly pinnated, tapering, generally bent back. FOLIA ovata, obtuſa, mucronata, convexo concava, LEAVES ovate, obtuſe, but terminated by a ſhort point tenera, nitida, denſe imbricata, adpreffa, pal- or awn, convex on one ſide and concave on lide virentia fig. 1. auct. the other, tender, ſhining, numerous, laying cloſely one over the other, of a pale green colour. fig. 1. magnif. PEDUNCULI nobiſcum non raro occurunt menſe PEDUNCLES not unfrequent with us in the month Novembri, unciales et biunciales, erecti, infer- of November are from one to two inches in ne ruberrimi, ſuperne flaveſcentes, parum length, upright, below of a bright red colour, flexuoſi, nitidi. above yellowiſh, a little crooked and ſhining. PERICHÆTIUM oblongum, ſquamoſum, fquamæ PERICHÆTIUM oblong, ſcaly, ſcales upright, lan- erectæ, lanceolatæ, adpreffæ. fig. 2. ceolate and preſs’d to the bulb. fig. 2. CAPSULÆ adultæ fubovatæ, parum nutantes; fig. CAPSULES when full grown are ſomewhat ovate, and 5. 8. Calyptra membranacea, lævis, primo a little nodding fig.5.8. Calyptra membranous, erecta fig. 4. cito caduca fig: 3. Operculum breve, 4 ſmooth, at firſt upright fig. 4. foon falling off conicum, fig. 6. 7; Ciliæ, externæ plurimæ, fig. 3; Operculum ſhort and conical fig. 6.7; ſetaceæ, rigidulæ, rufeſcentes; internæ mem- the outer Ciliæ numerous, tapering, ſome- branâ connexæ, apice convergentes; Pullen what rigid and of a reddiſh brown colour, the ſeu Semen virefcens. fig. 10. the internal ones connected by a membrane and converging to a point; Pollen or feed of a greeniſh colour. fig. 10. a THE Hypnum purum has been conſidered as producing its Fructifications but ſparingly, yet if it be examined at the proper ſeaſon of the year viz. in the month of November, the period of its greateſt perfection, it will not be found deficient in this reſpect, at that time its leaves are of a bright green colour, but as the plant advances they change to a yellower hue than moſt others. a Dillenius makes no mention of the Calyptra belonging to this moſs, from whence it would appear that like moſt other Botaniſts he examined it at too late a period ; in general thoſe Capſules which have a ſhort Operculum carry the Calyptra but a little while, as in the preſent plant, while thoſe in which the operculum is long bear it often to the falling off of the operculum itſelf as in the Bryum undulatum. This is one of the moſt general Moffes we have, growing in woods, in paſtures and by hedge fides univerſally, in the former it is moſt frequently found with its capſules, the oak of Honour Wood and the woods adjoining pro- duce it in this ſtate at the time above mentioned in the greateſt plenty ; being a moſs generally free from all impuri- ties it is made uſe of by the anglers in Lancaſhire and probably in other counties to ſcour their worms in. Dill . bijt. mule. p. 310. MUMIYH WOGAIM MUSUI MUMIY TUM AMADOTT debitog u musto ostanelerinin salita sivad imeno solutnjo savo OUM estoy andiamovimentos antido altero ella ludot citochotering cloud TYN citavo Tor 1921 1922..801. I is just about loqnezignolsorgeistoont savo eilons sims UUTTU UNTIL sez 2 ರಿಜಣ್ಣ 1 kanna......! -2.400Todo o teus amorgun UVYH SYN BEE 11.887 Pour les OCUM UDUN ordi de barbation about and is 15 to audi 10 botol olunmal Dolga toredad iluliis TUA ) 30 odt Imola auditorerupt audron bang Discludoti stihonig XUMA vuor p Infogod ozevno sono stadionunvo AJO ou be in be In 1709 ob shito i ediyel Oto m. stotiv obil 0978 ooood ontolob Parolo inom od OTAC Street run it con citolidorit TUOVUT Ιστον onu do celsion devoll Mood altomiscutimidurion ibidin om MULETUDIO stept pomognoldo MUITHOUT dlord og ber States at sbs slogom! git USTAD ang stevodü ab USTAD Com Sbort als i omina il Soundmom 8 toalist doch тоо son Sv como bas tortes 0 semala sarts regoiros. omnesDo 19500 90 sortubeit Site DD begin to mello 21tano solqis mo band bort inn i oletiva Tags no bus blog dhe bomo od si gadis bone borbenog mood and ti 13 esd IT od godt lide to Belisa som asi to boiteqora rovovi lo nonoun oris nisi ut ad do solo) 19000 Kods ontvbaslqods as oud bio org jedlo in esso ai mis 376 Osist aida ni nobts banca bus Dond oud wollsexo ora sinds 189qqa bitow i 99mot alom its orignoled squi: od to none on een uimaat motoroved dirwashid stolz boiraq o Sisl 001 si boninens sd fastos toto od tiduo ai morogo or id ni stort slik aq nalezy od si s slid bil sud siglo odsyn testis mihi molto ads to to chilli ni vilivind w bio naboovi Hrved on sito intensy flomatoerto ei ein Organitob a boo booWooH 2o loan luar ai dit barot vlouport domeiti 1947 od deyil barrotaan vodkamis ons on a da niti ob visi mologos Todo di dodong bantal ni erogns ads vd or obem el lo OTS BRYUM SUBULATUM. AWL-SHAPED BRYUM. BRYUM Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA Musci. Filamentum e tuberculo terminali Anthera operculata. Calyptra lævis. ortum. Raii Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. BRYUM ſubulatum antheris erectis ſubulatis, furculis acaulibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 797. Sp. Pl. p. 1581. Fl. Suec. n. 991. BRYUM caule breviſſimo, foliis lanceolatis, capſulis longiffimis, operculo prælongo. Haller. hift. 1827. BRYUM ſubulatum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1304. BRYUM capſulis longis ſubulatis. Dill. Muſc. 350. t. 45. f. 10. BRYUM erectis longis et acutis falcatis capitulis, calyptra fubfuſca, foliis ſerpylli pellucidis. Raii Syn. 92. Vaill. Bot. Par. t. 25. f. 8. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 476. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 719. RADICES nigræ, fibrillofæ, parum ramofæ. CAULES ſubſeffiles, denfe coacervati, fimplices vel ramoſi. FOLIA ovato-lanceolata, patentia, pellucida, pallide viridia, modice carinata, mucrone brevi ter- minata, ad lentem viſa. fig. 1. PEDUNCULI unciales et ultra, pallide luteſcentes, ficci contorti, bulbillo præditi oblongo. fig. 2. ROOTS black, fibrous, a little branched. STALKS nearly feffile, growing cloſe together, fimple or branched. LEAVES ovato-lanceolate, ſpreading, tranſparent, of a pale green colour, moderately keeld, ter- minated by a ſhort point, as magnified. fig. 1. PEDUNCULES an inch or more in heigth, of a pale yellow colour, twiſted when dry, furniſh'd with an oblong bulb. fig. 2. CAPSULES very long, cylindrical, ſomewhat orange coloured and crooked, fig. 3; thoſe of the preceding year ſtraighter, of a purpliſh brown colour, from the mouth of which proceeds a little trunk or horn compoſed of the ciliæ twiſted into a tube, but looſe at top. fig. 6, 7, 8, 9. Calyptra almoſt the length of the capſule, having a long point. fig. 4. OPERCULUM twice as ſhort as the capſule and poin- CAPSULÆ prælongæ, cylindraceæ, fubaurantiacæ, incurvæ. fig. 3, annotinæ rectiores e fuſco- purpureæ, e quarum ore egreditur trunculus ſeu cornu, e ciliis in tubum contortis com- pofitum, apice vero liberis. fig. 6, 7, 8, 9; Calyptra longitudine fere capſulæ, acumina- ta. fig.4. OPERCULUMA capſulâ duplo brevior, acuminatum. fig. 5. . ted. fig. 5. C a FEW of the Moſſes are ſubject to fo little variety, or more eaſily diſcovered than the Bryum ſubulatum, before it puts forth its capſules we are ſtruck with the broadneſs of its leaves and their ſtar-like expanſion; as it advances the capſules while covered by their Calyptras are unſually long, pointed, and in general a little bent whence it has acquired the Engliſh name of Awl-ſhaped, the capſule in its laſt ſtate after loſing both its Calyptra and Operculum, is peculiarly diſtinguiſhed by the protrufion of a ſubſtance from its mouth, of a whiter colour than the body of the capſule, this ſubſtance when magnified is found to conſiſt of a number of threads or filaments forming a thin ſpiral tube, yet looſe and unconnected at top, ſee fig. 7, 8, 9, the tube is formed before the operculum falls off, for its ſpiral line may be obſerved through the tranſparent operculum when it is in a young ſtate: DILLENIUS uſing a ſmall magnifier, has not done juſtice to this very ſingular and curious character. This Mofs is not uncommon on banks ſurrounding woods, alſo in ſhady lanes; I have obſerved it in great plenty on a bank on the right hand ſide as you enter Shirley-Common, paffing through Shirley from Croydon, alſo about Charlton and Coombe Woods. It produces its Capſules in February and March. 214 11 12 9. 4. 3. 6 Briyum subulatum . SNIL 166 2 3 1 4 8 A 9 10 14 6 12 13 Bryum cespititium 290 Yo 2 3 5 4 8 9 10 12 Hilburn Bryum angenteum OF CH. NIL BRYUM ARGENTEU M. SILVER BRYUM BRYUM Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA Musch, Anthera operculata. Calyptra lævis. Filamentum e tuberculo terminali ortum. Raii. Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. BRYUM argenteum antheris pendulis, furculis cylindricis imbricatis lævibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 789. Sp. Pl. 1586. Fl. Suecic. n. 1008. BRYUM caulibus teretibus, capſulis ovatis acuminatis pendulis. Haller. hift. 1821. BRYUM argenteum. Scopoli. Fl. Carn. n. 1310. BRYUM pendulum julaceum argenteum et fericeum. Dill . muſc. 392. t. 50. f. 62. MUSCUS ſquamoſus argenteus, ericæ folio. Vaillant. paris. 134. t. 26. f. 3. . MUSCUS minimus e viridi argenteus, capitulis oblongis cernuis. Mori. hiſt. 3. p. 627. f. 15. t. 6. f. 17. a Confertim nacitur, cauliculis feffilibus, in ramulorum Stalks growing cloſe together and feffile, dividing into aliquot furculos teretes, duarum trium li- round furculi two or three lines in length. nearum) diviſis. FOLIA ovata-lanceolata, acuta, pilo terminata, qua- LEAVES oval pointed, terminated by a hair, diſpoſed druplici alterna ſerie difpofita, tam arcte cauli in an alternate quadruple row, fo cloſely appreffa funt, ut nonnifi per lentem diftingui preffed to the ſtalk, as to be ſcarce viſible poffint, pilis creberrimis, fericeis, argenteis. without a magnifier, the hairs exceedingly numerous, filky, of a ſilver colour. PEDUNCULI circa hiemem furgunt e bafi cauliculo- PEDUNCLES ariſe from the bottom of the ſtalks, a- rum, ab aliquot lineis ad femunciam longæ, bout winter, from a few lines to half an inch inferne purpureæ, fuperne pallidiores. in length, below purpliſh, above paler. CAPSULÆ ovatæ, nutantes, luteæ, verſus ſetam ru- CAPSULES oval, pendulous, yellowiſh, but near the bicundæ, quæ ab initio virides, et rectæ ante peduncle reddiſh, when young green, and up- maturitatem fuere. Operculum breve, obtu- right. Operculum ſhort, obtuſe and of an o- ſum, aurantiacum. Ora ciliata, Calyptra e vi- range colour. Mouth ciliated, Calyptra of a ridi fuſca, quæ nonniſi in junioribus capſulis greeniſh brown, and only viſible in the young reperitur. capſules. a It is not poſſible in painting to do juſtice to the filvery appearance which this little mofs uſually puts on, and which in general obviouſly diſtinguiſhes it from all our other Eryums, this ſilvery hue it however loſes in ſome ſituations and appears of a green colour, eſpecially in moiſt ſhelter'd places, where the leaves not only become greener but laxer alſo and the furculi grow to a much greater length, in this ſtate it is figured by DiLLENIUS as a diſtinct ſpecies, the furculi vary much likewiſe in their ſhape ſometimes becoming very fine and almoſt thread ſhaped as repreſented at fig. 2. 3. The Bryum argenteum produces its Capſules as early as December and January, and this their early appear- ance is one reaſon why they are not not ſo often found as ſome others, but added to this it does not produce fructifications fo plentifully as fome other Bryums, large patches of it being often found perfectly barren. It is very common on Walls and Banks. Fig 1. to 7. repreſent it of its natural fize in its various ſtates, fig 8. to 12 magnified. BRYUM CÆSPITICIUM. MATTED BRYUM. BRYUM cæſpiticium antheris pendulis, foliis lanceolatis acuminato-ſetaceis, pedunculis longiſſimis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. P: 799. Sp. Pl. p. 1586. Fl. Suecic. 1010. HYPNUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis ariſtatis patulis, capſulis ovatis obtufis pendulis. Haller. hift. 1790. BRYUM pendulum ovatum cæſpiticium et piloſum, ſeta bicolori . Dill. Muſc. 396. tab. 50. f. 66. MUSCUS capillaceus minimus, capitulo nutante, pediculo purpureo. Vaill. paris. 134. t. 29. f. 7. MUSCUS trichoides capitulo parvo reflexo, pediculo ima medietate rubro, ſumma luteo-viridi. Moris. H. Ox. III. p. 629. f. xv. t. 6. f. xv. Raii. Syn. p. 100. 1.,44. fig. 3 e CAULICULIS in denſos cæſpites congeſtis, lata ſtrata STALKS growing cloſely together, form broad turfs . efficit, fupra muros imprimis et in terra gla- particularly on walls and gravelly ſituations. reofa. fig. 3. SURCULI ipfi breves, et ad aliquot tantum lineas fu- SURCULI themſelves ſhort, raiſed a few lines only per terram eminentes, fig. 1. 4. fubramoſi, above the earth, ſomewhat branched, fig. 1. 4. inferius multo tomento fuſco obfiti. below cover'd with a brown wooly kind of ſubſtance. FOLIA exigua, denſe congeſta, ovato lanceolata, pilo LEAVES ſmall, cloſely compacted, oval pointed, ter- incano terminata, pallide e luteo viridia, feri- minated by a grey hair, of a pale yellowiſh cea, ſplendentia, fub lente in humida planta green colour, filky, ſhining ; under a magni pellucida. fig. 14. 16. fier, in the moiſt plant tranſparent. fig. 14. 16- PEDUNCULI unciales, fig. 5. inferne purpureæ, fu- PEDUNCLES about an inch in length, fig. 5. below perne luteæ, e furculorum annotinorum ro- purple, above yellow, proceeding from the fula terminali prodeunt, fig. 1. inter ramulos, top of the laſt years furculus fig. 1. between five potius furculos juniores, bulbillo inſtruc- the branches or rather younger furculi, fur- ti, fig. 2. niſhed with a ſmall bulb. fig. 2. CAPSULA ex ovato-cylindrica, ab initio erecta fig. 7. CAPSULE of an oval cylindrical form, at firſt upright. tenuior, deinde fenfim craffeſcens, pendula, fig: 7. flender, afterwards becoming gradually fig. 8.9, 11. fublutea, operculo tecta papilli- thicker and pendulous, fig. 8, 9, 11. of a yel- formi, miniato, nitido, quo fecedente ora ap- lowiſh colour, cover'd with a ſmall, ſhort, paret ciliata. fig. 12. prominent red and ſhining operculum, which falling off the mouth appears ciliated. fig. 12. CALYPTRA in junioribus erecta, gracilis, conica, pal- CALYPTRA on the young capſules upright, flender, lide fulca, in adultioribus rufa, inclinata. conical, and of a pale brown colour, in thoſe fig. 7. 8. 9. more advanced reddith brown, and inclined to one fide. fig. 7, 8, 9. This ſpecies of Bryum is very commonly met with on Walls alſo on gravelly and fandy foils producing its Capſules in February, March and April, it varies much in fize, in the ſhape of its leaves and the length of its Surculi. HYDNUM AURISCALPIUM. FIR HYDNUM. HYDNUM Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis ſubtus echinatus. Raii. Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. HYDNUM auriſcalpium ftipitatum, pileo dimidiato. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 822. Spec. Plant. p. 1648. FI. Suecic. 1100. Lappon 524. ECHINUS petiolo gracili laterali, pileolo plano obſcuro. Haller Hift. n. 2321. ERINACEUS parvus hirſutus exfulvo fuſcus, pileo ſemiorbiculari, pediculo tenuiore. Mich. Gen. 132. FUNGUS erinaceus parvus in conis abietis naſcens. Buxb. Cent. I. t. 57. f. 1. FUNGUS erinaceus parvus pediculo longiore auriſcalpium referens buxei coloris. Buxb. hall. 129. t. 829. ERINACEUS minimus auriſcalpium referens. Cels. Ups. 20. FUNGUS erinaceus eſculentus parvus, pediculo longiore, auriſcalpium referens, buxei coloris, in ſtrobilis pini eveniens. Kram, tent. 146. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 628. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. Roſes Elem. of Bot. app. t. 3. Schaffer. Fung. tab. 143. t. 72. f. 8. Ex ſtrobilis ſeu ramulis emortuis pini naſcitur hic From the decayed cones or ſmall branches of the fir Fungus. ſprings this Fungus. STIPES pollicaris ſeu bipollicaris, inferne incraſſatus, STALK from one to three inches in height, thicken'd ſublanuginoſus, fuperne ad apicem fenſim at bottom and ſomewhat wooly, from thence attenuatus, pilis numeroſis brevibus, rigidulis, to the top gradually tapering and beſet with horizontalibus fcabriuſculis. numerous, ſhort, horizontal, and ſomewhat rigid hairs, which give it a manifeſt rough- neſs. PILEUS magnitudine unguis indicis, plerumque di- HEAD or cap the ſize of the forefinger nail, in gem midiatus, rotundato-reniformis, horizontalis, neral halved, of roundith kidney-ſhape, ſuperne planiuſculus, faſciis luteis et fuſcis horizontal, on the upper fide flattiſh, marked in orbem difpofitis notatus, hirſutus, demum with yellow and brown ſtripes circularly dif- nigricans, inferne caneſcens, echinatus, fig. 1. diſpoſed, hirſute, finally becoming black, un- Echini plurimi, conferti, acuminati, fimplices. derneath of a greyiſh colour, and prickly, fig. 2. fig. 1. Prickles numerous growing thickly together, fimple, and running out to a point. fig. 2. 太太​太太​太太​太 ​a SOME of the more antient Botaniſts have given to this ſpecies of Hydnum the name of auriſcalpium or ear- picker, from its reſemblance to the inſtrument uſed for that purpoſe, but it ſhould be obſerved that it is only when young or ſmall that it bears this reſemblance. Its habitat is on the half decayed branches, and cones of the Fir Tree, eſpecially the latter, moſt probably it is not attached to any particular ſpecies, the Cones on which I found it were of the Pinus ſylveſtris. In the time of Mr. Ray, it was not known to be a native of Great Britain, of late years it has been found by ſeveral inquiſitive Botaniſts in various parts of the Kingdom, as in Scotland by Mr. LIGHTFOOT, near Norwich by Mr. Rose, and in a ſmall pine wood oppoſite to, and by the road only ſeparated from Lord MANSFIELD's Houſe near Hampſtead by Mr. Dixon, and from which wood the ſpecimens here repreſented were taken. The fifth of October 1780, I found a great number of them in the ſaid wood in the greateſt perfection, they grew in the moiſt part of the wood out of the cones buried under the dead leaves. In its uſe it does not appear to be very important, at leaſt immediately to us, KRAMER applies to it the epithet of eſculentus, but of all the Fungi this is the leaſt proper for eating, as it is not only imall in quantity but biting to the taſte, and tough as leather. To the Student it affords a very good example of the Genus Hydnum. a 190 AALLA Hydnum auriscalpium UND O Bic be blog blog home be | - op oltar AGARICUS GLUTINOSUS. SLIMY MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Lin. Gen. Pl. FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus. Raii. Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS glutinoſus pileo hemiſphærico ftramineo viſcido, lamellis horizontalibus, annulo obfoleto. FUNGI pratenſes minores, externe viſcidi, albi et lutei, pedicules brevibus. Raiz Syn. p. 7. 2. STIPES plerumque folitarius, fubinde multiplex, bi- STALKS generally ſingle, ſometimes cluſtered from pollicaris ad palmarem, craffitie pennæ cora- two to four inches in height, the thickneſs of cis, filiformis, albidus, pene folidus, tubo a crow quill, thread-ſhaped, whitiſh, almoſt minimo, glutinofus. folid, the tube being very ſmall, glutinous. ANNULUS paulo infra pileum obfoletus. RING a little below the cap, ſcarce perceptible. PILEUS uncialis, ad biuncialem, ftramineus, in adultis CAP from one to two inches in breadth, of a ſtraw hemifphæricus, ſemper convexus, et glutine colour; in the full grown ones hemiſpherical, plus minuſve obductus, pluviis madefactus always convex, and more or lefs glutinous, magis fuſceſcit, et diaphanus evadit, unde wet with rain it becomes browner and tranſ- ftriatus aliquando apparet. parent, ſo that it ſometimes appears as if ftriated. LAMELLÆ plurimæ, fimplices, e fuſco purpuraſcen- & GILLS numerous, ſingle, of a browniſh purple colour, tes, nebulofæ, integris circiter 20, horizon- clouded, whole ones about twenty, horizon- talibus, fig. 1. tribus brevioribus interpofitis, tal, fig. 1. three ſhorter ones placed betwixt fig. 2, 3. Pulverem effundunt e fuſco pur- them, fig. 2, 3. they throw out a powder of a purafcentem. browniſh purple colour. Fig. 5. Fruftulum lamellæ vitro auctum, exhibens Fig. 5. a ſmall piece of the gill magnified, in which Capſulas feminiferas quaternas. are ſhewn the Capſules, which contain the ſeeds placed four together. a ; ; Lithologia mihi criſtas non eriget, ſays Linnæus in the preface to his mineralogy; he might with equal pro- priety have applied the ſame expreſſions to himſelf reſpecting the Fungi, as in the laſt edition of his syſtema Vegetabilium we are preſented with no more than twenty-four ſpecies of Agrici Stipitati, or Muſhrooms with ftalks: Micheli, on the contrary, has given us fix hundred and thirty-four; Ray, in the third edition of his Synopſis, has fifty-ſeven ſpecies, fourteen of which are added by DILLENIUS; GLEDITSCH, who has written a particular treatiſe on the Fungi, reduces the Agarici to thirty-two ſpecies, but informs us that there are one hundred and twenty more, involved in much obſcurity ; Scopoli deſcribes one hundred and fourteen, and Haller one hundred and thirty-four; Mr. Hudson, in the laſt edition of his Flora Anglica, enumerates forty- fix, and Mr. LIGHTFOOT accurately deſcribes twenty in his Flora Scotica; and yet amidſt all theſe enume- rations and deſcriptions, ſcarce any two of them are agreed about the fame Fungus; of the hundred and four- teen deſcribed by Scopoli there are only eleven which have the names of LINNÆUS; the procerus of SCOPOLI is the annulatus of LightFOOT ; the coriaceus of LIGHTFOOT is the pratenſis of HUDSON; while the coriaceus and pratenſis of Scopoli differ from both theirs. Amidſt this confufion of Authors, ariſing partly from the intricacy of the ſubject, and partly from their inat- tention to ſpecific characters, we ſhall be often obliged to be ſparing in our ſynonyms, and occaſionally find it neceſſary to produce a new name as in the preſent inſtance. Although the Fungus here figured is a very common one, we are not able with abſolute certainty to ſay that it is either in Ray, LINNÆUS, SCOPOLI, LIGHTFOOT, or Hudson; the name of glutinoſus is therefore given it, as it always is more or leſs ſlimy, and which flimineſs is not confined to the upper part of the cap, but extends to the ſtalk: this character joined to the roundneſs of the cap, and the horizontal appearance of the gills which form a ſtraight line from the edge of the cap to the ſtalk, will always readily diftinguiſh this Muſhroom. The cap varies in ſize from two lines to two inches in diameter, and the ſtem from one to four or five in height, the uſual colour of the cap is of a pale ſtraw colour, ſometimes inclined more to the yelles, and ſome- times more to a dirty brown, eſpecially when wet; it is gradual in its decay, not quickly diſſolving as ſome do, nor drying up like others. It moſt commonly grows fingly, but ſometimes ſprings up in cluſters, eſpecially on thoſe ſpots where dung has been thrown. Its place of growth is in expoſed and elevated paſtures, eſpecially ſuch as are moiſt; it may indeed be found in moſt meadows, and ſometimes in great abundance; the particular places where I have been accuſtomed to find it plentifully, are on Peckham-Rye, and in the paſtures about the Oak of Honour Wood, alſo in the paſture one aſcends, before entering Hornſey-Wood, going from Iſlington. About the latter-end of O&tober they are moſt plentiful, but may be found earlier as well as later. There is nothing acrimonious or diſagreeable in the taſte of it, yet its appearance will not recommend it to che lovers of Muſhrooms. 194 2 1 C Agariens glutinofile SNI OR OHUM TATIAN 2ITA II 2pІЛА A TODA COTE DA ho ZUOLHADA CUOLADA Supe HUDVUT worg tot diwanag dy to bong controllo od sode ai qe ti si vollston atsil os sacriled gnoldo big tont Vos avando vuelos oris bus law boods we would cbtemost bas bar de robusttulos oli thing is to be onunla ar bas wordt qua Id-Diouldebro od to w BIJE linib oini olib boso Sodraads zo snel innovation materia lielusiong sonid 65 lei smisla bus tol dorit to alat to a teda od od 237 mods wood is nisspor mu doni di soide to Ils mistelamo bat zwobrol Ini at itu o bundan -Bundo o 2o arqs omstand online oyundan 10 basis video igre ad of brors no to il and blou ough son bula eta AGARICUS PLICATILIS. PLAITED MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis, ſubtus lamellofus. Raii. Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS plicatilis ftipitatus, pileo campanulato ſeu plano, murino, pellucido, plicate. AGARICUS crenulatús membranaceus coeruleſcens ſulcatus, centro papillari, ſtipite exili. Muller. Fl. Dan. t. 832. f. 2. FUNGUS perpufillus, pediculo oblongo, pileolo tenui, utrinque ſtriato, feu flabelli in modum plicatili. Raii. Syn. p. 8. n. 24? Batarr. Fung. Tab. 27. B. C. a STIPES folitarius, in adultis biuncialis et ultrà, mag- STALKS ſingle, in thoſe which are full grown two nitudine culmi triticei minoris, erectus, teres, inches or more in height, the ſize of a ſmall filiformis, fiſtulofus, lævis, albus, tener wheat ſtraw, upright, round, of the fame thickneſs throughout, hollow, ſmooth, white, and tender. PILEUS cum primo erumpit nucleum nucis avellana CAP when it firſt ſprings up is about the ſize of the magnitudine æquat, 'e flavo-fuſcus, vix ma- kernel of a hazle nut, of a yellowiſh brown nifeſte ſtriatus," cito oblongo campanulatus colour, ſcarce preceptibly ſtriated, it ſoon evadit, ftriæ ſubundulatæ magis luculenter becomes of an oblong bell-ſhape, the ſmall apparent, color in murinum incipit tranfire, furrows appear more evidently, are fome- nunc adultus, forma in campanulatam muta- what waved, and the colour changes to grey tur, mox evaſura plana, uncialis ſeu ſeſqui- or mouſe colour, now full grown, it becomes uncialis, murinus, vertice plano, fufco feu more bell-ſhaped, and afterwards appears albido, tenellus, plicatus; cutis diaphanus, flat, is from an inch to an inch and half in ſine carne, fuperne farinâ nullâ adíperfus, diameter, of a mouſe colour, tender, plaited, faftigiis plicarum fubvillofis, peracta floreſ the crown flat, brown or whitiſh; the ſkin centia margo invertitur et nigrefcit. tranſparent, without any fleſh, at top not ſprinkled with meal, the ridges of the plaits fomewhat villous, when the fructification is over, the edge becomes black and turns in. LAMELLÆ paucæ, concolores, pulverem fubtiliffimum GILLS few, of the ſame colour as the cap, throwing e cæruleo-nigricantem effundentes. out a very fine powder of a blueiſh-black colour. a THE Muſhroom here figured in its ſeveral ſtates is one of thoſe, whoſe caps in decaying diffolve into a black liquid, theſe in general are of ſhort duration, and this being of ſo thin and delicate a ſubſtance is particularly fo. On the twelfth of September ten or twelve of theſe of different ages made their appearance on a graſs plat in my gar- den, and on the ſixteenth no traces of them were to be ſeen. Its uſual place of growth is in Paſtures, Meadows, and Graſs Plats, in all of which it is not unfrequent in the Months of September and October. a The Cap is ſo remarkably plaited, or fan-like, that we could not but prefer a name expreſſive of fo characte- riſtic a circumſtance to MULLERS term crenulatus; the Agaricus tenellus of Mr. Hudson approaches ſo near to ours from his deſcription, that we ſhould have conſidered it as the lame, had not PLUKENETs figure quoted by him been very different. 200 Agrarwins plicatii приналата го ТАЛито еурлАО А Inonot ena АСА поніі idor irrite! enbar huula І Tith the in ailiriin по Закона заоlue ribution Bulga birleri perio-cin a rb III са тра і пікір нь орон nata the o pivota ons ochrono AGARICUS OSTREATUS. OYSTER MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis, ſubtus lamelloſus. Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS oftreatus ſubſtipitatus, faſciculato-imbricatus, pileo cinereo obovato, margine involuto, lamellis albidis decurrentibus, baſi ſubanaſtamoſantibus. AGARICUS oſtreatus. f acquin. Fl. Auftr. t. 104. Menſibus Decembri et Januarii e truncis arborum pre- ſertim ſalicis nobiſcum excreſcunt Fungi icone annexâ illuſtrati; plurimi plerumque fimul erumpunt, imbricatim congeſti, diu manent et demum exficcantur. a ta. STIPES; etſi pileus trunco arboris utplurimum bafi fuâ adnectitur nihilominus in quibuſdam fpe- ciminibus ftipes feu pars ftipitis magis lu- culenter apparet, lamellis decurrentibus tec- PILEUS magnitudine, et forma varius, ficut in icone, in junioribus convexus, lævis, murinus, cæruleſcens, margine integro, involuto, in ſeneſcentibus planiuſculus feu parum conca- vus, fuſcus, bafi in inferioribus tomento ni- veo obductâ; caro albiſſima, craffa, fubdul- cis. In the months of December and January the Fungi illuſtrated by the annexed figure, grow with us principally out of the trunks of willow trees; they uſually come forth in cluſters heap'd one on another, remain a conſiderable time and finally wither, STALK: although the cap is for the moſt part con- nected to the trunk of the tree by its baſe, yet in ſome ſpecimens the ſtalk or part of a ſtalk more evidently appears, cover'd with the gills which run down it. CAP variable both in ſize and ſhape as is repreſented on the plate, in the young ones convex, ſmooth, mouſe coloured, blueiſh, the edge intire, rolled in ; in the older ones flattiſh, or a little hollow, and brown; the baſe in the lower ones coverd with a white kind of down ; fleſh very white, thick, and ſweetiſh to the taſte. GILLS at firſt white, afterwards of a reddiſh aſh co- lour, numerous, thin, unequal, from two lines to fix in breadth, decurrent, uniting ſo as to form a kind of network at bottom, juiceleſs. a LAMELLÆ primum albæ, demum ex rufo-cinereæ, plurimæ, tenues, inæquales, a lineis duabus ad fex latæ, decurrentes, baſi anaſtomoſantes, exſuccæ. u : Conſidering the ſize and ſingularity of this Muſhroom, and that is by no means uncommon, it is matter of ſurprize that it ſhould have eſcaped the notice of our Engliſh Botaniſts; one reaſon perhaps may be aſſigned, viz. that it makes its appearance later in the ſeaſon than moſt others : in December and January when the wea- ther has been mild I have found it on the bodies of the old Willow Trees, in the neighbourhood of Saint Georges- Fields ; Mr. DicKSON has obſerved it on the Elm, in Saint James's-Park, and JACQUIN from whom we bor- row the name of oſtreatus, deſcribes it as growing out of the Walnut. a As this ſpecies and another with a footy ſtalk which we propoſe hereafter to figure, are almoſt the only ones that are found on trees fo late in the year, it cannot eaſily be miſtaker, tho' like moſt of the family it is given to ſport; in general it grows in cluſters of three, fix, or more of different ſizes, placed one over another, bearing a dif- tant reſemblance to oyſters, when young and perfect they are of a mouſe colour with a bloom on them like that of a plum, the edge is rolled in, the gills are white, decurrent, and beautifully anaſtamofe at bottom, but it is not in every ſpecimen that this diſtinguiſhing character is obſervable, as it grows old the pileus turns up (vid. uppermoſt fig. on the plate) the gills become of a browniſh colour, and frequently much waved, and the whole withers on the tree, the two lowermoſt figures on the plate repreſent the Fungus in its young ſtate and ſhew both ſides. To the ſmell it is ſlightly fragrant, to the taſte mild, but in chewing tough. 276 C Agaricus VUUS Ostreatus. SNA 3 199 7 --8 TO13 um WA Bill mi 师 ​MA * NAM -6 WI - 3 4 3 7 Phallus impudicus GNL Bio OF PHALLUS IMPUDICUS. STINKING MORELL. PHALLUS Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA Fungi. Fungus fupra reticulatus, fubtus lævis. Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. PHALLUS impudicus volvatus ftipitatus, pileo celluloſo. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 822. Spec. Plant. 1648. Fl. Suec. n. 1261. PHALLUS impudicus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1650. FUNGUS fætidus, penis imaginem referens. Č. B. Pin. 374: PHALLUS Hollandicus. Park. 1322. Raii. Syn. p. 12. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 629. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 1044. Fl. Dan. t. 175. Schæffer Icon. Fung. t. 196, 197, 198. RADIX fibroſa, fibris majuſculis, teretibus, albis, ROOTS fibrous, the fibres large, round, white, creep- paulo infra terram repentibus, quibus hic ing a little under the ſurface of the earth, to illic accreſcunt globuli albi, qui juſtam mag- which grow here and there white globules or nitudinem acquiſiti, fupra terram eminent et tubercles, which when full grown project Volvæ dicuntur, fig. 1, 2. above the ſurface of the earth, and are called Volvæ or Eggs, fig. 1, 2. VOLVA fubrotunda, bali paululum compreffa, lævis, EGGS roundiſh, a little flattened at the baſe, ſmooth, magnitudine pilæ palmariæ, alba, ponderoſa, the fize of a tennis ball, white, heavy, co- tunicâ fatis craſſà exterius tecta, cui proxime vered with an outer coat of a moderate fubeft gelatina quædam pellucida, flavo-fuſca, thickneſs, immediately under which lies a fig. 3,5 thick maſs of tranſparent jelly of a yellowiſh brown colour, fig. 3, 5. STIPES: diſrupta volva, exſurgit ftipes, craflitie pol- STALK: on the burſting of the egg the ſtalk riſes up, licis, palmaris et ultra, paululum curvatus, and is about the thickneſs of the thumb, teres, albus, levis, fpongioſus, fiſtuloſus, four inches and more in height, a little crook- utrinque acuminatus, fig. 6. ed, round, white, ſpongy, hollow, very light and pointed at both ends, fig. 6. PILEUS fubconicus, ftipiti laxe infidens, primo læ- CAP fomewhat conical, fitting looſely on the flalk, vis, folidus, olivaceus, lubricus, mox fæti- at firſt ſmooth, folid, of an olive colour, and diffimus, cellulis materie feminiferâ externe ſlippery, ſoon becoming highly fetid, the pofita adhuc repletis, quâ diffluente aut cells being as yet filled with the matter con- mufcis exſucta, fuperficies externa celluloſa taining the ſeed, which flowing out or being apparet, interna parum rugoſa, vertice trun- eaten by flies, the outer ſurface appears cel- cato, albiflimo, oblongo, pervio, fig. 4, 7, lular, the inner a little wrinkled, the top as 8. if cut off, very white, oblong, and open, fig. 4, 7, 8, a ; a a In the months of Auguſt, September, and O&tober, this ſingular phenomenon of the Fungus tribe makes its appearance in woods, hedge-rows, and hedges, in ſome places abundantly, in others rarely; near London it has been found in Coombwood and Norwood, but more plentifully in a ſmall fir wood near the Spaniard, Hampſtead-Heath, before remarked for producing the Hydnum auriſcalpium ; in this wood, on the 24th of September 1780, I diſcovered near a dozen growing within a ſmall ſpace of each other, ſome were full-grown, others in their egg-ſtate, riſen about half way out of the ground, and, when taken up, appearing like ſo many ſmall tennis balls, vid. fig. 2. ſeveral of theſe I carefully carried home; one, which was in its greateſt perfec- tion, my draughtſman, for the ſake of more conveniently drawing, took with him to the Spaniard (a place of entertainment on the ſpot) but the fetor ariſing from it quickly pervading every part of the houſe, and rendering it intolerable, we were obliged to get rid of it. On perpendicularly dividing with a ſharp knife one of thoſe I had taken home, I was not more ftruck with the beautiful appearance which the furface of each half exhibited, than the thick maſs of pure tranſparent jelly, of a browniſh yellow colour, depoſited betwixt two membranes, immediately under the outer ſurface, and which enveloped the Fungus, as yet in embryo, vid. fig: 3. On examining my Fungi in their egg-ſtate the next morning, I had the fatisfation to obſerve, that in one of them, the cap of the Fungus had juſt broken through its integuments, and was puſhing itſelf up through the jelly; I thought this a proper opportunity of obſerving how quick it was in its growth, and found, that from the time of its breaking through the outer ſkin (half paſt eight o'clock) to the time that it acquired its full height, a ſpace intervened of about five hours, in which time it had grown three inches and three quarters ; an inſtance of the quickneſs of vegetation ſcarce credible, and perhaps not to be equalled by any other plant, The cap, on its firſt coming forth, being covered with the jelly through which it had paſled, and being alſo of a light olive colour, but perfectly. opake, not unaptly reſembled a lump of bird-lime, vid. fig. 4. this ap- pearance it retained till eleven o'clock, when in ſome parts it became of a darker colour; at half paſt twelve the whole outer ſurface of the cap was changed to a very dark olive; it now began to ſmell very offenſively, flies came into the room and ſettled on it; a little paſt one, it began to diffolve, and drop off, and the cells containing this ſubſtance about the top of it began to be viſible, fig. 7. It was now placed out of doors, when the Pileus was almoſt immediately covered with ſeveral ſpecies of flies, moſtly of the larger ſort, who, inſtead of ſticking to and periſhing on it, as related by GLEDITSCH, in about two hours left the cells perfectly empty, vid. fig. 8. The diſagreeable ſmell ariſing from the Phallus impudicus, which alone is often fufficient to detect it, and from which it has acquired in ſome parts of the kingdom the name of Stink-horns, has uſually been compared to carrion, and generally conſidered as the effects of its putrefaction: to me, the ſmell appears to be altogether fui generis, and not to ariſe from putrefaction, at leaſt a general putrefaction of the plant; it firſt ariſes from the fubſtance lodged in the cells on the outſide of the Pileus, which conſtitute the generic character of the Phallus, and with which the feeds of this plant are doubtleſs incorporated; as ſoon as this ſubſtance begins to liquefy, the effluvia is perceptible; at this time every other part of the plant is perfectly ſweet, not excepting the jelly, which, it muſt be allowed, afterwards acquires a diſagreeable odour, apparently from its putre- faction. The flies, allured by the effluvia from the Pileus, do not ſettle on it to depoſit their eggs, as a the Stapelia fætida, or putrid meat, but merely to feed on it, and which they appear to do moſt deliciouſly, ſcarcely ever ſuffering a drop of the liquid to fall on the ground; whence this ſpecies would ſoon become extinct, had not provident Nature ſupplied it with a root, which, like the Potatoe, throws out numerous offsets, This plant affords nouriſhment not only to various ſpecies of flies, but alſo to ſnails and flugs, who are extremely fond of its ſtem. We may remark, that the top of the cap has fometimes two perforations, inſtead of one, its uſual number a 287 3 Coco 8 4 4 0. Hijpurus vulgaris. GNL OF 3 cm HIPPURIS. VULGARIS. MARES-TAIL. HIPPURIS Lin. Gen. Pl. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. o. Petala o. Stigma fimplex. Sem. I. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HERBÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALO POTIUS. HIPPURIS vulgaris. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 51. Sp. Pl. p. 6. Fl. Suec. n. 2. PINASTELLA. Dillen. Nov. Gen. p. 168. LIMNOPEUCE. Haller. Hift. p. 264. Vaillant. Mem, de l'Acad. anno 1716, t. I. f. 3. POLYGONUM fæmina. Matth. in Diofc. p. 952. Dodon. Pempt. p. 113. EQUISETUM paluſtre brevioribus foliis polyfpermon. C. B. pin. 15. EQUISETUM paluſtre alterum brevioribus fetis. Park. 1200. CAUDA EQUINA fæmina. Ger. emac. 1114. Raii Syn. p. 136. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 2. . p. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 70. . a RADIX perennis, repens, geniculata, alba, geniculis plu- 4 ROOT perennial, creeping, jointed and white, the joints rimis fibris capillata. furniſhed with numerous capillary fibres. CAULES plurimi, ſeſquipedales et ultra, erecti, fimplices, STALKS numerous, a foot and a half or more in height, glabri, ftriati, teretes, fpongiofi, fig. 1. me- upright, fimple, ſmooth, ſtriated, round, dulla filiformi, compacta, in radicibus tenaci. ſpongy, fig. 1. the pith like a thread in the center, compact, and in the roots tough. FOLIA verticillata, octo circiter, brevia, linearia, gla- LEAVES growing in whirls, about eight in number , berrima, avenia, ad lentem punctata, punctis ſhort, linear, perfectly ſmooth, without veins, excavatis. dotted when magnified, the dots appearing hollow. FLORES hermaphroditi plerumque, prefertim vere, ad FLOWERS for the moſt part hermaphrodite, eſpecially finem æſtatis plures fæmineos obſervavi, axil- in the ſpring, at the cloſe of the ſummer lares, feſfiles. have obſerved many of them to be female, growing in the alæ af the leaves, and feffile. CALYX nullus. CALYX none. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA none. STAMEN : FILAMENTUM unicum, apici germinis in- STAMEN: a ſingle FILAMENT, ſitting on the top of fidens, primo breviflimum, demiffo polline lon- the germen, at firſt very ſhort, on ſhedding gitudine piſtilli . ANTHERA biloba, purpuraf- the pollen becoming as long as the piſtillum. cens, majuſcula, fig. 2, 3. ANTHERA compoſed of two lobes, purplith and rather large, fig. 2, 3. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongum. Stylus breviffi- PISTILLUM: Germen oblong. Style very ſhort, mus, nudus. STIGMA fubulatum, album, ad naked. STIGMA tapering to a point, white lentem villoſum, fig. 4, 5, 6. and downy when magnified, fig. 4, 5, 6. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEED-VESSEL none. SEMEN unicum, oblongum, nudum, fuboſſeum, intus SEED ſingle, oblong, naked, hard, white within, and album, medio fuſcum, membranâ feu arillo in the center brown, covered with a thin mem. tenui obtectum, fig. 7, 8, 9. brane or arillus, fig. 7, 8, 9. a a Greater fimplicity in the conſtruction of a flower can ſcarcely exiſt than in the Hippuris. Here we have neither calyx, corolla, nor feed-veffel; and thoſe parts which are univerſally contidered as effential to the fructification are in the preſent inſtance as few as poſſible, there being only one ftamen, with its correſponding piſtillum, yet perfect feed, and that in conſiderable quantity, is produced. The Hippuris here deſcribed, which takes its name from the Greek 'In mêpus, five Cauda equina, is not the Hippuris of the first Botaviſts. They applied the term to our Equiſetum, the Hippuris of Linnæus is the Polygonum fæmina of Dioscorides, and arranged by his commentator MATTHIOLUS with our Polygonum aviculare and Herniaria. Succeeding Botaniſts imagining, from the growth of its leaves, or from its producing ſeed, that it had better pretenfions to be ranked with the Equiſetum, abfurdly enough called it Cauda equina fæmina, to which Mr. HUDSON could not well avoid giving the Engliſh name of Mares-tail. Although common in many parts of Great Britain, this plant is very rare about London, Mr. Hudson mentions it as growing in a part of the New River near Hornſey, where it may ſtill be found. It flowers and produces its feeds from June to Auguft. In running ſtreams it is frequently extended to a great length; and we have been informed, that in ſome rivers it is an exceedingly troubleſome weed, which we can the more readily believe, having experienced its roots to be of the moſt powerfully creeping kind. A tranſverſe ſection of its ſtalk is a beautiful microſcopic object. On examining this plant we have fometimes found its flowers to be female only. a O ARISTUS ISSN cia wo motor 12 cam to ALO 7oou Vio com dodati linibig doma. ces So gibi bon sono online og mod 11011 anon ydbog SIRO into il w bestod od tohoto Od lovely to be conto mun soola 220 3 6 07 Veronica montana. NE U OF 3 /с VERONICA MONTANA. MOUNTAIN SPEEDWELL. VERONICA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. Limbo 4 partito, laciniâ infimâ anguftiore. Capſula bilocularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. VERONICA montana racemis lateralibus paucifloris, calycibus hirſutis, foliis ovatis rugofis crenatis petiolatis, caule debili. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. Sp. Pl. p. 56. VERONICA caule procumbente, foliis hirſutis, cordatis, retufis, racemis paucifloris. Haller. bift. n. 539. CHAMÆDRYI ſpuriæ affinis rotundifolia ſcutellata. Bauh. pin. 249. ALYSSON Dioſcoridis montanum. Col. Ecph. 1. 286. VERONICA Chamædryoides, foliis pediculis oblongis infidentibus. Raii Syn. p. 281. Wild Ger- mander with Leaves ſtanding on long Foot-ſtalks. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 6. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 74. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibrillis prælongis, fuſcis. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres very long and , brown CAULES procumbentes, verſus baſin fæpe radicantes, STALKS procumbent, often taking root towards the teretes, pilis mollibus undique hirfuti, pur- baſe, round, covered with ſoft hairs, and purafcentes purpliſh FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovato-cordata, obtufiuſcula, LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on footítalks, oyato-cor- inæqualiter ferrata, hirfutula, nitidula, fub- date, a little blunt, unequally ferrated, tus purpurafcentia, parum concava et bullata. ſlightly hairy, ſomewhat ſhining, purpliſh underneath, a little hollow and cockled. PETIOLI longitudine fere foliorem, hirfutiffimi. LEAF-STALKS almoſt the length of the leaves, and very hairy. RACEMI laterales, alterni, fubinde oppoſiti, tenues, FLOWER-BRANCHES lateral, alternate, ſometimes hirfuti, pauciflori. oppoſite, flender, hairy, ſupporting few flowers. PEDUNCULI alterni, hirſuti, bractæâ lar.ceolatâ ſuf- FLOWER-STALKS alternate, hairy, ſupported by fulti. a narrow floral-leaf. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ſubæ- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM compoſed of four leaves, qualibus, ovatis, baſi anguftatis, hirſutis, which are nearly equal, ovate, narrowed at pilis ad lentem globuligeris. fig. 1. the baſe, hairy, the hairs globular at the ex- tremity when magnified. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, ex purpureo cæruleſ- COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-ſhaped, of a blueiſh cens, fupremâ laciniâ faturatius coloratâ, purple colour, the uppermoſt ſegment more una cum lateralibus venis cæruleis pictâ, in- deeply coloured than the others, and together fimâ minore immaculata, tubus breviſſimus, with the fide ones ſtreakt with blue veins, albus. fig. 2. the lowermoft leaſt without any veins, the tube very ſhort and white. fig. 2 STAMINA : FILAMENTA duo, tubo corollæ inſerta, STAMINA : two FILAMENTS, inſerted into the tube bafi albida, curvata, medio craffiora ; Anthe- of the corolla, whitiſh at the baſe, bent, RÆ cæruleæ ; POLLEN album fig. 3. thickeſt in the middle; ANTHERÆ blue; POLLEN white. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN obovatum, hirſutum ; STY- PISTILLUM: GERMEN inverſely ovate, hairy ; STYLE LUS fuperne ſenſim incraſilatus; STIGMA towards the top gradually thickened ; STIG- capitatum, album. fig. 4. 5. MA forming a ſmall white head. fig. 4. 5. PERICARPIUM: CAPSUL A magna, orbiculata, emar- SEED-VESSEL: a large, round, flat CAPSULE nicked ginata, compreffa. fig. 6. at top. fig. 6. SEMINA pauca, ovata, plana, flaveſcentia. fig. 7. SEEDS few, ovate, fat and yellowiſh. fig. 7. The Veronica montana is very fimilar in its general appearance to the Chamedrys, and of which, by ſome au- thors, it has been conſidered as only a variety; but this has ariſen from a very ſuperficial enquiry, as no two plants can be more diſtinct ; LINNÆUS might indeed have ſelected a ſpecific character, which would effectually have removed every doubt of this kind, viz. the ſhape and ſize of the feed-vefiels, theſe in the montana are at leaſt thrice as large as thoſe of the chamædrys, they are alſo much rounder and flatter, while the flowers on the contrary are not more than half as large, and much leſs fhowy; when we have not theſe characters to affift.us, the ftalk and leaves will in general be ſufficient, in the chamæ drys the hairs grow on two fides of the ſtalk only, in the montana they grow all around it, in the chamædrys the leaves are generally feffile, in the montana they ſtand on footſtalks. Theſe two plants differ alſo in their places of growth, the montana, ſo far as I have obſerved it, preferring moiſt and ſhady ſituations, whence the term montana ſeems ill-applied to it; near London, it is found plenti- fully in Charlton Wood, behind the Church, and flowers in June and July, олитион alumo GO WA to be ATE tontistato troidin id dute wo AM Snod ស Ата todo color ed outsiden VYT улаанаа от Bio are 1 noortber ба -op sini os dorsed bande - 1 ago it institution tro atrodde oo Aloo ос. th oroin Fi Svorili erld men compildo про те, VALERIANA Dioica. MARSH VALERIAN. VALERIANA Linnæi Gen. Plant. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. o Cor. 1. petala, baſi hinc gibba, fupera. Sem. 1. VALERIANA disica floribus triandris dioicis foliis pinnatis integerrimis. Lin. Syt. Vegetab. Sp. Pl.p. 44. FI. Suec. n. 35. VALERIANA foliis radicalibus petiolatis ovatis; caulinis pinnatis, fexu diſtincta. Haller, hift. 208. VALERIANA dioica. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 40. VALERIANA paluſtris minor. Bauhin. p. 164. VALERIANA minor. Ger. em. 1075 VALERIANA ſylveſtris minor. Park. 122. Raii Syn. p. 200. Small wild Valerian, or Marth Valerian. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 12. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p.85. RADIX perennis, geniculata, repens, craſſitie pennæ co- ROOT perennial, jointed, creeping, the thickneſs of a racis, albida, rubore aliquando tincta, odore ſub- crow-quili, white, ſometimes tinged with red, aromatico valerianæ fylveftris. having nearly the ſame aromatic ſmell as the wild valerian. CAULIS pedalis aut feſquipedalis, erectus, ſimplex, tetra- STALK a foot, or a foot and a half high, upright, un- gonus, ftriatus, lævis ; rami pauci, ftriati. branched, four-cornered, ſtriated and imooth; branches, few and ftriated. FOLIA oppoſita, radicalia integerrima, ovata, obtufa, cau-LEAVES oppoſite, the radical ones entire, ovate, obtuſe, lina pauca, pinnatifida, pinnis duodecim circiter, thoſe of the ſtalk few, pinnatifid, pinnæ about venofis, obtuſe ſerratis. twelve in number, veiny, and obtuſely ſerrated. FLORES ſubcorymboſi , rubelli, dioici, femineis multo FLOWERS forming a kind of corymbus, of a pink co- minoribus. fig. 1. flor. femin. magn. nat. fig. 2. lour, and dioicous, the female flowers much fior. maſc. the ſmalleſt. fig. 1. a female flower of its na- tural ſize. fig. 2. a male flower. BRACTEE plurimæ, lanceolatæ, floribus ſubjectæ. BRACTEÆ numerous, lanceolate, placed beneath the flowers. Flos FEMIN. FEMALE FLOWER. CALYX vix ullus, margo fuperus. fig. 7. CALYX ſcarce any, being only a prominent rim ſur- rounding the top of the germen. fig. 7. COROLLA monopetala, tubus a latere inferiore gibbus, COROLLA monopetalous, the tube gibbous on the under nectariferus; limbus quiquefidus, laciniis ob- fide, and containing honey; the limb divided tufis, fubæqualibus; antherarum rudimenta into five ſegments, which are blunt and nearly intra tubum cernantur. equal; rudiments of Antheræ are viſible within the tube. fig. 1. PISTILLUM: GERMEN inferum, ovatum, compreffum, PISTILLUM: Germen placed below the corolla, ovate, ſulcatum, longitudine fere corollä; STYLUS fat, grooved, nearly the length of the corolla ; albus, fuperne paulo incraffatus, corolla paulo STYLE white, ſomewhat thickened near the longior, obliquus; STIGMA trifidum. fig. 6, 7, top, a little longer than the corolla, oblique ; 8,9. STIGMA trifid. fig. 6, 7, 8, 9. SEMEN ovato-oblongum, pallide fufcum, hinc carina- SEED of an ovate oblong ſhape, and pale brown colour, tum, illinc trinerve, pappo pilofo coronatum. a ſingle rib on one ſide, and three on the other, fig. 11, 12, 13. crowned with a feathery down, fig. 11, 12, 13. Flos Masc. MALE FLOWER. CALYX et corolla ſicut in fem. fig. 2. CALYX and corolla the ſame as in the female. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, filiformia, corolla lon- STAMINA: three FILAMENTS filiform, longer than giora; ANTHERÆ albæ , feu pallide rubentes, the corolla ; ANTHERÆ white, or pale red, fig. 5. Piftillum imperfectum in centro floris. fig. 5. an imperfect Piſtillum in the center of fig. 10. each flower. fig. 10. There are few plants in which nature ſports more than in the Valerians, even out of the four ſpecies which we have growing wild with us, one is monandrous, viz. the rubra, and another dioicous as the preſent. Theſe deficiencies in their claſſical character are however the lefs to be lamented, as they furniſh excellent ſpecific diſtinctions. The dioica is found only in wet and boggy ſituations; in the meadows and ofier-grounds about Batterſea it grows abundantly; its blofſoms before they open are of a bright red colour, and being collected into ſmall heads, are very confpicuous among the herbage in the month of April; in June and July it produces its downy feeds, which, for their beauty and fingular manner of expanding their pappus or down, are highly deſerving the attention of the curious. The roots having a ſimilar ſmell, and probably the ſame medicinal virtues, as the officinal Valerian, may be ſub- ſtituted in lieu thereof, if neceſſary. What SCOPOLI afferts of this plant is ſo contrary to the common opinion of botaniſts and our own obſervations, that we cannot forbear tranſcribing his own words; they will either prove that his obſervations are not to be depended upon, or that this plant puts on a very different appearance in Carniola than it does in the other parts of Europe. - Millena ſpecimina examinavi et nunquam vidi flores dioicos, fed nunc omnes hermaphroditos, nunc filamento uno aliove caſtrato inſtructos, nunc mafculos et femineos in eadem planta, ita tamen ut mafculi flores con- * tinerent rudimentum germinis et ſtyli; fine feminibus vero perfectis nullam hactenus inveni plantam.” 274 E 7 10 22 Valeriana dioica ONE OR CH TOOTEVUO SOZUNETTE ITUS SCIRPUS MARITIMUS, ROUND-ROOTED OR SEA CLUB-RUSH SCIRPUS Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gluma paleaceæ, undique imbricatæ. Cor.o. Sem. I imberbe. Raii Syn. Gen. 28. HERBÆ GRAMÍNIFOLIÆ FLORE NON CULMIFERÆ IMPERFECTO sel STAMINEO. SCIRPUS maritimus culmo triquetro, panicula conglobata foliacea ſpicularum fquamis trifidis: inter- media ſubulata. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 86. Sp. Pl. p. 74. Fl. Suec. n. 47. SCIRPUS maritimus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 57. GRAMEN cyperoides panicula ſparſa majus. Bauh. pin. 6. GRÁMEN cyperoides paluſtre panicula fparfa. Parkins; 1266. Raji Syn. p. 42$. Water of Marik or Cyperus Graſs, with a ſparſed panicle. CYPERUS rotundus littoreus inodorus. Lob. ic. 77. rotundus inodorus Anglicus. C. B. Pin. 14. rotundus littöreus. Ger. em. 31. Park. 1264: Raii Syn. p. 426. Round-rooted Baſtard Cyperus. Hudſon. Fl. Anglic. p. 21. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 89. RADIX perennis; repens, craffitie calami fcriptorii , pal- * ROOT perennial, creeping, the thickneſs of a gooſe- lide fuſca, ſtolonibus ſub finem anni apice quill, of a pale brown colour, the ſhoots at the bulbofis. end of the year bulbous at their extremities. CULMUS bi feu tripedalis, erectus, foliofus, triqueter, STALK two or three feet high, upright, leafy, three- angulis fubafperis. cornered, the angles ſomewhat rough. FOLIA plurima, ſeptem five octo, pedalia aut feſqui- * LEAVES numerous, ſeven or eight, a foot or a foot and pedalia, lineas duas lata, fenfim acuminata, ad a half in length, two lines in breadth, gra- carinam et oras vix aſpera, baſi vaginata, va- dually tapering to a point, the keel and edges gina minutiffime ftriata, nitida. ſcarcely rough, forming a ſheath at bottom, which is ſtriated and gloffy. INVOLUCRUM: folia plerumque duo, rarius tria, in- INVOLUCRUM confifts generally of two, rarely of æqualia, longa, ad oras et carinam afpera. three leaves, which are long, unequal and rough on the edges and keel. PANICULA terminalis, maxime varia, aliquando enim PANICLE terminal, and extremely various, fometimes conftat fpiculis quinque vel fex conglobatis it conſiſts of only five or fix cluſtered fpiculæ, feffilibus, fæpius vero præter has utrinque britur but for the moſt part, beſides theſe, a flower- pedunculus, tres quatuor vel quinque gerens ſtalk ariſes on each ſide, bearing three, four, fpiculas. or five fpiculæ more. PEDUNCULI glabri, nudi ad fpiculas fubincraffati. FLOWER-STALKS ſmooth, naked, fomewhat thick- ened at the ſpiculæ. SPICULĂ magnæ, unciales fere, ovatæ; acutæ, primo SPICULÆ large, almoſt an inch in length, ovate, pointed, atro purpureæ, demum ferrugineæ, fquamis un- at firſt of a blackiſh purple colour, afterwards dique imbricatæ. ferruginous, covered with ſcales on every ſide. CALYX: Squamæ fuſcæ, corrugatæ, fcariofæ, cariliatæ, É CALYX : Scales brown, wrinkled, ſonorous to the touch, apice fæpius tridentatæ, dente medio ſubulato, keeled, having the tip generally furniſhed with in infimis flofculis longiore: fig: 1. 2. three teeth, of which the middle one runs out to a long point, in the lowermoſt flowers this is longeft. fig. 1. 2. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting, STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, alba; latiuſcula. AN-STAMINA: three FILAMENTS, white and broadiſh. THERÆ, flavæ, lineares, membrana alba mi- ANTHERÆ yellow, linear, tipt with a minute nuta terminatæ. fig. 3. white membrane. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN obovatum, minimum, gla- PISTILLUM: Germen inverſely ovate, very ſmall and brum: STYLUS fubulatus, longitudine ftami- ſmooth. STYLE tapering, the length of the num. STIGMATA tria, capillaria. fig. 4. ftamina. STIGMATA three, capillary. fig. 4. VILLI quatuor aut quinque, ad baſın germinis, albi, erecti #HAIRS four or five at the baſe of the germen, white, ad lentem retrorſum aculeati, germini lon- upright, when magnified having prickles which giores. fig. 5. crook backward, longer than the germen. fig. 5. SEMEN unicum, ſubtriquetrum, acuminatum, fufcum, SEED ſingle, ſomewhat three-cornered, pointed, brown, , nitidum. fig. 6. and ſhining. fig. 6. LINNÆUS remarks, that this ſpecies cloaths the fea-fhores as the Bulruſh does the borders of the inland lakes ; but it is frequently found where the water is not falt, as in the river Thames, and on the edges of the creeks running from it. In the Iſle of Shepey it fills almoſt every ditch, and appears to be more perfectly at home. It flowers from June to Auguft. The older Botaniſts made feveral ſpecies of this plant, which Linnæus has very properly referred to varieties only. They did not attend to the economy of the plant, or they would haře found, that the roots, in every variety, were bulbous at the extremities in the autumn, nor to the circumſtances of fituation, &c. or they would have ſeen this plant ſometimes ſhorter, ſometimes taller, ſometimes with a ſimple, ſometimes with a branched panicle as is reprefented on the plate. We know of no uſe to which this elegant ſpecies of Club-ruſh is applied. The roots have a remarkably ſweet taſte, and probably are very nutritious. Swine are extremely fond of the roots of the Scirpus paluftris, which the Swediſh peafants collect and fodder them with in the winter: the roots of the preſent ſpecies, being much larger, would we conceive be much preferable for this or finilar purpoſes. a Scirpus hus maritimus UN SNC AUTY PANICUM VIRIDE. GREEN PANIC PANIC GRASS. PANICUM Lin, Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 3-valvis : valvula tertia minima. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. PANICUM viride fpica tereti, involucellis bifloris fafciculato-piloſis, feminibus nervoſis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 502. Sp. Pl. p. 83. PANICUM fpica unica, flofculis feffilibus folitariis, fetis numeroſis. Haller. Hift. n. 1542. GRAMEN paniceum ſpica fimplici. Bauh. Pin. 8. GRAMEN panici effigie ſpica fimplici. Ger, emac. 17. GRAMEN paniceum ſpica fimplici lævi. Raii Syn. p. 393. Panic-Graſs, with a ſingle ſmooth eat. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 24. a RADIX annua, fibroſa. ROOT annual, and fibrous. CULMI erecti, pedales et ultra, fimplices, fubinde STALKS upright, a foot high or more, ſimple, now and ramofi, quatuor aut quinque geniculis diſtincti, then branched, furniſhed with four or five læves. joints, and ſmooth. FOLIA palmaria et ultra, lineas duas, tres, quatuorve LEAVES about a hand's breadth or more in length, two quandoque lata, acuminata, lævia, ad mar- or three lines, and ſometimes more, in breadth, gines aſpera, in apricis fæpe fanguinea; folio. pointed, ſmooth, rough on the edges, in open rum Vagina ftriata, lævis, ad internam folio- ſituations often of a blood-red colour; Sheath rum baſin, loco membranulæ in pilos ſubti- of the leaves ſtriated, ſmooth, terminated at liffimos lineam dimidiam aut paulo plus longos the inner baſe of the leaf, inſtead of a mem- terminatæ, qui pili etiam quandoque vaginæ brane, by very fine hairs, about half a line or margines fupremas ipfique foliorum bafi proxi- ſomewhat more in length, which ſometimes alſo mas occupant. occupy the edges of the ſheath on its upper part, and of the leaves at their baſe. SPICA fimplex, teres, cylindracea, uncialis, fefqui- SPIKE fimple, round, cylindrical, an inch, an inch uncialis et ultra, craſſītie pennæ anſerinæ ma- and a half or more in length, the thick- joris, aliquando tota fpadicea vel atro-pur- neſs of a large gooſe quill, ſometimes wholly purea, alias ex viridi luteſcens, luteis pilis, ali- of a reddiſh purple colour, at others greenish quando rubris donata, denſe coagmentatis con- yellow, furniſhed with yellowiſh, and ſome- ſtans fpiculis, molliuſcula, veſtibus nequa- times reddiſh hairs, compoſed of ſpiculæ cloſely quam adhærens; ſetæ feu pili plurimi, erecti, compacted, ſoft to the touch, never adhering tortuoſi , fiofculis triplo longiores, ad lentem to garments; ſetæ or hairs numerous, upright, aculeati, aculeis erectis. fig. 1. 2. crooked, thrice the length of the floſcules, when magnified furniſhed with ſmall prickles, which are upright. fig. 1. 2. CALYX : Gluma uniflora, trivalvis, valvulis duabus CALYX: a Glume of one flower, and three valves, two oppoſitis, æqualibus, ovatis, obtufis, nervoſis, of which are oppoſite, equal, ovate, obtuſe, fig. 4. tertia minima, inferne pofita. fig. 3. and ribbed, fig. 4. the third is very minute, and placed below the others. fig. 3. COROLLA: bivalvis, valvulæ ovatæ, concavæ, nitidæ, COROLLA compoſed of two valves, which are ovate, ſubæquales. fig. 5. hollow, thining, and nearly equal. fig. 5. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria, breviffima, STAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS, very ſhort, à corollam paulo excedentia. ANTHERA mi- little longer than the corolla. ANTHERÆ very nimæ, purpureæ. fig. 6. ſmall, and purple. fig. 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum. STYLI duo, capil- PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate. STYLes two, capil- lares. STIGMAT A plumoſa, alba. fig. 7. lary. STIGMATA feathery and white. fig. 7. SEMEN unicum, fubovatum, tectum, hinc convexum, SEED fingle, ſomewhat ovate, covered, convex, and obſolete nervofum, inde planiuſculum. fig. 8. faintly ribbed on one ſide, on the other flattiſh. fig. 8. a In a former part of this work we gave figures of the Panicum cruſgalli and fanguinale: we here preſent our readers with two more, being the whole of this genus growing near London. The viride is with us the moſt common of the four; yet at a diſtarice from town it appears to have few habitats. Mr. Hudson particularizes Martha's Chapel near Guildford; Baterſea Fields is the only place where we find this, and the others, all of which flower about the fame period, viz. Auguft and September. To correſpond with its name, the viride ſhould be always of a green colour; but we often find its foliage red, and its ſpikes reddiſh-brown, and the verticillatum vice verſa: we are not therefore to look for an infallible guide in its colour, but the ſpike will always diſtinguiſh it from the verticillatum. Between theſe two, indeed, there is a , more ſenſible difference to the touch than betwixt the Alopecurus pratenſis and Phleum pratenſe; the hairs in the ſpike of the viride are much longer than thoſe of the verticillatum, and though the microſcope diſcovers them to be prickly, vid. fig. 1. 2. yet theſe being upright diſcover no manifeſt roughneis. Agriculturally it may be conſidered rather as a weed than an uſeful graſs. Sparrows are remarkably fond of its feeds: the whole of this genus, when cultivated in a garden, require to be protected from them. 262 Low Panicum viride. OF 260 8. 7 Saneum verticillatum. Panicu M OF ONIL PANICUM VERTICILLATUM. ROUGH PANIC GRASS. PANICUM. Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIÁ: Cal. trivalvis, valvula tertia minima. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. PANICUM verticillatum fpica verticillata racemulis quaternis, involucellis unifloris biſetis, culmis diffuſis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 89. Sp. Pl. p. 82. PANICUM [pica unica paniculata, fetis paucioribus. Haller. Hift. n. 1543. GRAMEN paniceum fpica afpera. Baub. Pin. p. 8. PANICUM vulgare ſpica fimplici et afpera. Inf. 515. Scheuch. Agroft: 47. Rail Syn. p. 394. Rough- eared Panic-Graſs. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 24. Fig. 1. Racemula ramoſa magn. nat. Fig. 2. Pars ejuſdem auct. Fig. 3. Glumæ calycis auct. Fig. 4. Corolla. Fig. 5. Stamina. Fig. 6. Piſtillum. Fig. 7. Semen magn. nat. Fig. 3. Idem auct. Fig. 1. One of the ſmall branched racemi of its natural fize. Fig. 2. A part of the ſame magnified. Fig. 3. The glumes of the calyx magnified. Fig. 4. The Corolla. Fig. 5. The Stamina, Fig. 6. The Piftillum. Fig. 7. The feed of its natural ſize. Fig. 6. The ſame magnified. The Panicum verticillatum in its general habit agrees exactly with the viride, but in the ſize and form of the ſpike, and the parts compoſing it, it differs very materially: the whole plant is generally one-third larger than that of the viride ; the ſpike is larger, and much leſs compact; it is evidently compoſed of little branches, which grow ſomewhat in whirls, whence its name. The fetæ or hairs of the ſpike are conſiderably ſhorter than thoſe of the . viride, and differ from them particularly in being hooked, ſo that the ſpike drawn over the back of the hand or cuff of the coat adheres very ſtrongly; and where ſeveral ſpikes grow near each other, they are very apt, from this cauſe, to become entangled. I found this plant growing laſt year very ſparingly in the Gardeners Grounds Baterſea Fields, with the viride, and flowering at the ſame time. Mr. Ray deſcribes it as having been found in a Turnip Field betwixt Putney and Roehampton, alſo beyond the Neat-houſes by the Thames fide, going from the Horſe Ferry above Weſtminſter to Chelſea. Scheuchzer remarks, that it is a troubleſome weed in the gardens at Paris. a o MUTALIITORIT MUOTI Pendula Die Doll VAT Colors TO Tour er lanza us . Dato sit Coo Oto Son nome rebro . od too late to forward in over be galogenoeg bildades to be loquio del noun bon moitos Sortida de tomart Gottonwide Sed sodelovanja bolgon siden ontmoebel Fotolio as wat die oorto di lucro te .but Soboterandaga tothom mo od 20 dobro Idrom salons nob 242 2 3 00 15 14 13 12 il Panicum sanguinale. UN INIL OF mo CH PANICUM SANGUINALE, Cock's-FOOT PANIC-GRASS. PANICUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 3-valvis : valvula tertia minima. PANICUM ſanguinale fpicis digitatis bafi interiore nodofis, flofculis geminis muticis, vaginis foliorum punctatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 90. Sp. Pl. 84. DIGITARIA foliis fubhirſutis, caule debili, fpicis verticillatis. Haller Hif. n. 1526. DIGITARIA ſanguinalis. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 72. GRAMEN dactylon latiore folio. Baubin Pin. 8. ISCHÆMON ſylveſtre latiore folio. Parkinſ. 1178. ISCHÆMON vulgare. Ger. emac. 27. Cock’s-foot-grafs . Raii Syn. p. 399. Scheuch. Agrof. 101. -. Schreb. Agroft. t. 16. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. P. 25. . a a e RADIX annua, fibrofa. #ROOT annual and fibrous. CULMI ex una radice plures, ſpithamæi, pedales, ſub- STALKS ſeveral from one root, a ſpan or a foot in rubentes, fubinde ramofi, adſcendentes, in- height, of a reddiſh colour, ſometimes branch- fracti, tenues valde et debiles, quatuor plerum- ed, bending upward, crooked, very flender que geniculis diſtincti. and weak, and generally furniſhed with four joints. FOLIA uncialia, ſeſquiuncialia, et biuncialia, lineas LEAVES an inch, an inch and a half, or two inches duas aut duas cum dimidia lata, acuta, ad in length, and from two to two lines and a unum latus ſæpe undulata, ſuperne et inferne half in breadth, pointed, often waved on one raris pilis hirſuta, marginibus ad lentem minu- ſide, on both ſides beſet with a few hairs, the tiſſime ferrulatis ; vagina ſtriata, valde piloſa, edges when magnified very finely ſawed; the pilis e punctis prominulis prodeuntibus. ſheath ftriated, very hairy, the hairs proceed- ing from little prominent points. SPICÆ ternæ, quaternæ, et quinæ plerumque, in cultis SPIKES fitting on the top of the ſtem, generally three, Tæpe plures, digitatim fummo culmo inſidentes, four or five together, often more in cultivated fefquiunciam ad quatuor uncias longæ, fili- places, branching out like fingers, from one formes, vel eodem loco oriundæ omnes, vel inch and a half to four inches in length, fili- alternatim e fummo culmo prodeuntes, et exi- form, all of them proceeding from the ſame guo ab invicem fpatio diſcretæ, purpureæ, aut point, or growing alternately, leaving a ſmall ex purpureo et viridante mixtæ. ſpace betwixt them, of a dark purple colour, or purple and green mixed together. SPICULÆ fecundæ, binæ, rachi adpreffæ, pedicellatæ, SPICULÆ growing one way, prefied to the rachis, pedicello altero longiore, longitudine fpiculæ, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, the longeſt of which ovato-lanceolatæ, acutæ, nunc purpuraſcentes, is of the length of one of the ſpiculæ, ovato- nunc virides. fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. auct. lanceolate and pointed, ſometimes purpliſh, and ſometimes green. fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. magnified. CALYX trivalvis, perſiſtens, infima minima, breviffima, CALYX compoſed of three valves, and permanent, the nudo oculo vix confpicua, fig. 2. fecunda et lowermoſt very minute and ſhort, ſcarcely per- tertia oppofitis, inæqualibus, acutis, nervofis, ceptible by the naked eye, fig. 2. the ſecond margine ſcabris, fuperiore longitudine corolla and third oppoſite, unequal, pointed, ribid, quam margine fuo amplectitur, inferiore dimi- rough on the edges, the upper one the length dio breviore. fig. 3, 4. of the corolla, which it enfolds with its mar- gin, the lower one half its length. fig. 3, 4. COROLLA : bivalvis, valvulis æqualibus, glabris, al- COROLLA: compoſed of two valves which are equal terâ alteram recipiente, fig. 8. ubi membra- and ſmooth, the one receiving the other, fig. 8. nula ad baſin earum pingitur, fig. 6, 7. diſ- where a ſmall membrane is painted at their junctæ apparent. baſe ; at fig. 6. and 7. they appear disjoin'd. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria, corollâ paulo STAMINA: three FILAMENTs, very flender, a little longiora ; Antheræ breves, parvæ, purpuraf- longer than the corolla ; ANTHER Æ ſmall, centes, utrinque bifurcæ. fig. 9. ſhort, purpliſh, forked at each end. fig. 9. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum ; Styli duo, fili- PISTILLUM: Germen oblong ; Styles two, fili- formes, longitudine ſtaminum ; STIGMATA liform, the length of the ſtamina; STIGMATA plumofa, purpurea. fig. 10. feather'd and purple. fig. 10. SEMEN minimum, oblongum glumis calycinis æque SEED very ſmall, oblong, incloſed by the glumes of ac corollaceis inclufum, fig. 11, 12. denuda- the calyx, as well as of the corolla, fig. 11, tum, fig. 13. magnit. nat. fig. 14, 15. auct. 1 2. ftripped of theſe, fig. 13. of its natural fize, and magnified at fig. 14, 15. Modern Botaniſts are divided in their opinions reſpecting the genus of this plant, LINNÆUS, SCHreber, and others conſidering it as a Panicum; ADANSON, Heister, Haller and Scopoli arranging it under a new genus, viz. Digitaria, a name adapted to the particular diſpoſition of its ſpikes, but as that particular diſpoſition has little to do with its generic character, and as it has a triphyllous calyx, which LINNÆUS, with much propriety, confi- ders as a principal character of the Panicum, we follow him in preference to the others, however reſpectable. We may obſerve, that the exterior leaf forming this triphyllous calyx is ſo very minute, that it may eaſily be overlooked. The figures and deſcriptions, quoted by Linnæus, induce us to conſider this ſpecies as the ſanguinale, rather than his ſpecific deſcription, which certainly does not well accord with our plant. The vagine punctatæ are not mentioned either by HALLER, Scheuchzer, or SCOPOLI; the hairs certainly iſſue from little prominent points, ſcarcely viſible, unleſs magnified. If Linnæus means theſe, they are, in our apprehenſion, too minute to form a ſpecific character on. According to the obſervations of botanic writers, this ſpecies is very univerſal, being found not only in Europe, but Aſia and America ; nevertheleſs, it is not general throughout England. It is ſaid to grow about Elden in Suffolk, at Witchingham near Norwich, near Martha's Chapel by Guildford, and in the Gardener's grounds near Batterſea ; in the latter place I found it laſt September, in great plenty ; but in one part of the fields only, viz. among the French beans, and on the Aſparagus beds, in the Weſtern corner of the fields, at no great diſtance from the Church. MATTHIOLUS relates, that in Carniola the ſeeds are collected for food, but this is flatly contradicted by ScoPOLI; indeed, for this purpoſe, it appears much inferior to many others of the ſame genus, Its name of fanguinale is not taken from its colour, but from an idle trick which the boys in Germany have of pricking their noſtrils with the fpiculæ of this graſs, till they draw blood. a Ooooo db DOND MA lotion ANATO OVULIT trol ) 02tuqualq по свira ИЗМОТ ako tiada bo Sithogratis om basando toate boloh batoup boroup tools Lindy do os obtaidot oboto boots habildnir tot ti 03057055 bara 1 dogod ed Тоо ар Бис-саг INDUSTRI baino LIELAIS ten ilgte store SVE orio Los To game ontban orgagnia stage bat Dvd borre codilob Rosu srly ei doi siw buonomismood Inaone PANICUM CRUS GALLI. LOOSE PANIC-GRASS. PANICUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 3-valvis: valvula tertia minima. PANICUM Crus galli fpicis alternis conjugatiſque, fpiculis fubdivifis, glumis ariſtatis hiſpidis, rachi quinquangulari. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 90. Spec. Pl. p. 83. . PANICUM ſpica remota, fetis nullis. Haller Hift. n. 1544. PANICUM Crus galli. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 70. GRAMEN paniceum ſpica diviſa. Bauh. Pin. 8. GRAMEN paniceum, fpica diviſa, ariſtis longis armata. var. B. Bauh. Pin. 8. PANICUM ſylveſtre Herbariorum. Parkinſ. 1154. PANICUM vulgare. Ger. emac. 85. Raii Syn. p. 394. Panick Graſs with a divided Spike. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 24. RADIX annua, fibroſa., ROOT annual and fibrous, CAULES plerumque plures ex una radice, primo pro- STALKS generally ſeveral proceed from the ſame root, cumbentes, ſeu obliqui, demum ſuberecti, pe- at firſt procumbent or oblique, finally nearly dales aut bipedales, tribus aut quatuor geniculis upright, from one to two feet in height, fur- diſtincti. niſhed with three or four joints. FOLIA in humilioribus tres quatuorve uncias longa, LEAVES in the more humble plants three or four lineas duas aut tres lata, in procerioribus ſemi- inches long, and from two to three lines in pedalia, vel etiam pedalia fere, lineas quatuor, breadth ; in the taller plants fix inches, or aliquando et fex femptemve lata, acuminata, nearly a foot in length, four lines, and ſome- carinata, lævia, marginibus minutiffime denti- times fix or ſeven broad, tapering to a point, culatis et ad bafin circa orem vaginæ pilofis ; keeled, ſmooth, the edges very finely toothed, Membrana nulla; Vagina magna, ſtriata, com- and about the mouth of the ſheath hairy; preffa. Membrane none; Sheath large, ftriated and compreſſed FLORES paniculati. FLOWERS in a panicle. PANICULA palmaris, et ultra, e pluribus fpicis compo- PANICLE a hand's breadth or more in length, of a ſita, pallide vireſcens. pale green colour, compoſed of many ſpikes. SPICÆ fæpe ad duodecim, craffæ, teretiuſculæ, ple- SPIKES often twelve in number, thick, roundiſh, ge- rumquefimplices et alternæ, etiam ramofæ et op- nerally ſimple and alternate, ſometimes alſo pofitie, inferioribus feſquiuncialibus, magiſque branched and oppoſite, the lowermoſt an inch remotis. and a half in length, longer and farther aſun- der than any of the reſt. RACHIS quinquangularis, angulo quinto obſoleto, ad RACHIS having five angles, the fifth leſs perceptible baſın 1picarum fetoſa. than the others, briſtly or hairy at the baſe of the ſpikes. FLORES ſecundi, turgidi. FLOWERS growing one way and turgid. CALYX trivalvis, valvula inferiore minore, flofculum CALYX compoſed of three valves, the lowermoſt or recipiente, fig. 1. prima et fecundâ æqualibus, third valve very ſmall, receiving the flofcule, nervoſis, mucronatis, hirſutis, alterâ plana, fig. 1. the firſt and ſecond equal, rib'd, pointed, alterâ gibbofa. fig. 2, 3. auct. hirſute, the one flat, the other gibbous. fig. 2, 3. magnified. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulis æqualibus, glabris, ova- COROLLÀ compoſed of two valves, the valves equal, tis, alterâ alteram margine fuâ amplectente, ſmooth, ovate, the one with its margin em- fig. 4. intra valvulam calycis et corollæ, mem- bracing the other, fig. 4. betwixt the valve of brana tenuis, nunc acuta, nunc emarginata. the calyx and the corolla a thin membrane is fig. 5, 6. obſervable, which is ſometimes notched, and ſometimes pointed. fig. 5, 6. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria, breviſſima ; STAMINA: three very ſlender and ſhort FilAMENTS; AnTheRÆ bifurcæ, purpurafcentes. fig. 7. ANTHERÆ forked and purpliſh. fig. 7. PISTILLUM: Germen ſubrotundum; Styli duo bre- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh; Styles two, veryt : STYLES viffimi; STIGMATA plumoſa, purpurafcentia. ſhort ; STIGMATA feathered and purpliſh. fig. 8 SEMEN majuſculum, nitidum, glumis corollaceis tec- SEED rather large, ſhining, covered by the valves of tum, hinc convexum, inde planum, fig. 9, 10. the corolla, round on one ſide, and flat on the denudatum, fig. 11, 12, 13. other, fig. 9, 10. taken from its covering, fig. 11, 12, 13. fig. 8. a Near the ſame ſpot where the Panicum fanguinale is found, this rare ſpecies alſo makes its appearance, a ſpace of about twenty yards ſquare was laſt autumn covered chiefly with this graſs, and the Panicum viride; in other parts of the fields it more rarely occurs; being an annual it may vary its particular place of growth, but by a diligent ſearch will probably always be found in ſome part of Batterſea Fields; Mr. Ray mentions it as having been found between Deptford and Greenwich in Garden Ground, alſo in a lane by the Neat-houſe Gardens Chelſea, and by the rivulet fide near Petersfield, Hampſhire. He is ſurely miſtaken in ſaying aquoſis dele&tatur. Mr. HUDSON deſcribes it as growing near Martha's Chapel, Guildford. Botaniſts make two principal varieties of it, viz. one with awns, and another without; the latter, which is the ſtate in which we have figured it, moſt frequently occurs; it varies alſo in its colour, being ſometimes found with 1pikes of a purpliſh hue. It has a very great affinity to the Panicum Crus corvi, a foreign graſs, but is too fingular to be miſtaken for any Engliſh Panic. Affording a large quantity of ſeeds of conſiderable magnitude, it is ſought for with great avidity by ſparrows and other ſmall birds, Panicum Crus Galli . BX 00 0.00 o 3 13 12 12 1@ N OF - molo bobooH VAM moito me emocional ." MAS lom not only borib blo Tutor al v no sia you srodet at Simonto ad no gonos abi In this foto's tool orts about the use van bo lal grom ito ay in 2010 dan membantu stdine bet tampau TUO 70 AVALUTO 2 olan gribution Tourism Carps est la wat besig 14762 cobus beste YIA bemos -do Osvo empt oiuditi supibus XYIAD costom izofutionnlal tacitiugnltibruit in ben all sorg roldo-voorop! gefumtt stool autonomist Eiland er woll orla, gainigaib nog nooit DUSTE 903 SATYAV STS : AVIMAS gueldosegnu best YT hal yiov :MUNITEIT : - 20 29 si 10-dan art goed : odt nda teguol posto llonte TUTV: ellas sit ATHMANA don molt autem TTC ATAMOL 2 : stovise strap or botigator w Borintot borld batang Silly.morgog tid og bilde . do 12 audio Estrist borilo se borist toita DIE 99 met borc bune Titolo bo Stone UE ST a blom bosbro ligon Eriophorum polyftachion. Many-Headed Cotton-Graſs. ERIOPHORUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gluma paleaceæ, undique imbricatæ. Cor. o. Sem. 1. Laná longiſſima cinctum. Raii. Syn. Gen. 23. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ NON CULMIFERÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO. 1 ERIOPHORUM polyftachion culmis teretibus, foliis planis, ſpicis pedunculatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 87. Sp. Pl. p. 76. Fl. Suec. n. 49. ERIOPHORUMA foliis planis, fpicis pendulis. Haller. hift. n. 1331. LINAGROSTIS polyftachia. Scopoli. Fl. Carn. n. 66. GRAMEN pratenſe tomentofum panicula ſparſa. C. B. Pin. 4. GRAMEN tomentarium. Ger. emat. 29. GRAMEN junceum lanatum, vel juncus bombycinus vulgaris. Park. 1271. Scheuzch. Agroft. ed. '. Haller. p. 306. Vaill. Bot. Paris. t. 16. f. 1. 2. Raii Syn. P, 433. Cotton-graſs. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 89. Hudjon Fl. Angl. ed. p. 21. RADIX perennis, repens, fuſca, ſeu caſtanei coloris, fibrillis plurimis albis, aut rubentibus in- ſtructa. CULMUS fæpius folitarius, dodrantalis, feu pedalis, et ultra, erectus, teres, lævis, geniculis duobus parum extantibus plerumque notatus, va- ginis foliorum per totam longitudinem tectus. FOLIA ima marcida, caftanea, brevia, lanceolata, ftri- ato-reticulata; ſuperior a baſi ſua arctè culmum amplectentia, lineas duas ad tres lata, ſpitha- mæa et ultra, ſenſim attenuata, fæpe præ- morſa, hinc convexa, irde concava, glabra; ſuprema planiora, multo breviora, et mani- fefte carinata ; vagina foliorum culmi, æquali ubique fere magnitudine, ubi folium exit paulo laxiores, et fiflurâ membranâ impleta notatæ. а ROOT perennial, creeping, of a brown or cheſnut colour, furniſhed with numerous white or reddiſh fibres. STALK for the moſt part folitary, from nine inches to a foot or more in height, upright, round, ſmooth, for the moſt part furniſhed with two joints which project a little, covered through- out its whole length with the ſheaths of the leaves, LEAVES next the root withered, of a chefnut colour, ſhort, lanceolate, ftriated, and marked with ſhort tranſverſe lines, which give them a re- ticulated appearance, the ſucceeding leaves, at their baſe cloſely embracing the ſtalk, from two to three lines in breadth, about ſeven in- ches or more in length, gradually tapering to the extremity, where they are often bit off , convex on one ſide, concave on the other, and ſmooth, the uppermoſt leaves flatter, much ſhorter, and manifeſtly keeled ; fheaths of the leaves nearly of an equal thickneſs through- out, where a leaf goes off more looſely con- nected, and marked with a fiffure filled by a membrane. FLORAL-LEAVES three or four of unequal lengths, forming ſheaths at bottom terminate the ſtalk, from the alæ of which the fpiculæ pro- ceed. SPICULÆ for the moſt part ſeveral, from two to ſeven, ovate, firit upright, afterwards pendulous. CALYX: a ſpike covered on all fides with imbricated ſquamæ, of an ovate-oblong ſhape, flat and bent in a little, membranous, looſe, running out to a long point, diſtinguiſhing the flowers. fig. 1. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA : three FILAMENTS very fine; ANTHERA upright and oblong. fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen very ſmall; STYLE thread- ſhaped, the length of the ſcales of the ca- lyx; STIGMATA three, longer than the ſtyle, turned back. fig. 3. SEED-VESSEL none. SEED three-cornered, pointed, black, furniſhed with hairs which are longer than the ſpike. fig. 4. 5° a BRACTEÆ tres aut quatuor, longitudine inæquales, bafi vaginantes, culmuin terminant, e quarum finubus fpiculæ prodeunt. SPICULÆ plerumque plures a duabus ad feptem, ova- tæ, immaturæ erectæ, per ætatem pendulæ. CALYX: fpica undique imbricata : ſquamis ovato ob- longis, plano-iųflexis, membranaceis, laxis, acuminatis, flores diftinguentibus. fig. 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria ; ANTHERÆ erectæ, oblongæ. fig. 2. PISTILLUM: GERMEN minimum ; STYLUS filifor- mis, longitudine ſquamæ calycis ; STIGMATA tria, ftylo longiora, reflexa. fig. 3. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEMEN triquetrum, acuminatum, nigrum, villis fpicâ longioribus inſtructum. fig. 4. 5. 6. 7. 6.7 The Genus Eriophorum is in a particular manner diſtinguiſhed from the other genera related to it, by the length of the hairs which envelope the feed ; and which, when the feed is ripe, aflume the appearance of cotton, whence its name of Cotton-graſs, this cotton is much longer, and produced in greater quantities in the polyftachion, than in the vaginatum ; and in Germany, and the more northern countries, has been manufactured into various articles of dreſs, paper, and wicks for candles. LINNÆUS, in his Flora lapponica, informs us, that in ſome parts of Sweden, the peaſants ſtuff their pillows with it inſtead of feathers, but that in Lapland, where the plant is ſufficiently plentiful, they do not apply it to any ſuch purpoſe, the ſkin of the Rein-deer forming the whole of their bed and its furniture. In the ſpring, Cattle appear to be very fond of its leaves, as they are generally found cropt, this may ariſe from the ſcarcity of herbage at that ſeaſon of the year, as the plant advances the ſtems are always left untouched; it is in moors and boggy ground only that this plant is found, and in ſuch ſituations it is very plentiful; whole acres being often rendered white as ſnow by it in the months of June and July when in ſeed. It flowers in April and May, and may be found in Batterſea meadows. Criophorum polystachion GNL OF 279 -2 3 T. 0. 7 Eriophorum vaginatum . IND OF Bici Eriophorum vaginatum. . Single-headed Cottor-Grafs. . ERIOPHORUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gluma paleaceæ, undique imbricatæ. . Cor. o. Sem. I. Laná longiffimâ cinctum. Raii Syn. Gen. 28. HERBE GRAMINIFOLIÆ NON CULMIFERÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO. ERIOPHORUM vaginatum culmis vaginatis teretibus, fpica fcarioſa. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 87. Sp. Pl.p: 76. Fl. Suec. n. 50. ERIOPHORUM caule tereti, foliis caulinis vaginalibus, fpica erecta, ovata. Haller. bift. n. 1332. LINAGROSTIS vaginata. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 66. JUNCUS alpinus, capitulo lanuginoſo, ſeu ſchænolaguros. Bauh. pin. 12. Scheuzch. Agroft. p. 302. t. 7. JUNCUS alpinus cum cauda leporina, Bauh. hif. 2. 514. GRAMEN juncoides lanatum alterum danicum. Parkins. 1271. Raii Syn. p. 436. Hares-tail ruſh. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 90. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 22. The Eriophorum vaginatum is with us a much ſcarcer plant than the polyftacbion, but in ſome parts of Great Britain, and in other Countries, is equally common. In its generic characters, excepting the ſhortneſs of its Pappus, it agrees with the polyftachion ; it has there- fore the fame figures of reference to them; in its ſpecific characters, it differs very obviouſly, its root is not creeping but more matted, and its leaves, which are much finer, are conſequently more apt to grow in tufts ; the vagina of the upper ſtem-leaf in particular is remarkably inflated, and it never produces more than one ſpike, which is upright. It is found in ſimilar fituations to the other ; on the boggy parts of Shirley Common, near Croydon, I have found it in tolerable plenty; it flowers ſomewhat earlier than the polyftachion, but produces its pappus about the ſame time, Sheep are very fond of it, whence in Weſtmoreland they call it Moſs-crops. Raii. Syn. p. 436. 16 babrador inden MUOTITOTT TU SOESTORS su se VUSIONE ITZOOM TO liiga BUL busconto . dol rashton bus tolii protection fronion an Jon 1001 Tovda do o history of 19 20 count on od 301019 route por atent sol bus atstoord gring Otromoubora tartibns belysest ei ole niin toteudosare Jelgiqu i din oved lobo Domino voir tout det no modo ortofonu slim gibi bolo i sint a no odstoods if ani agonborg sed odio dunha nowo trudla side rolos nidi bu wala qon-M till bariston Waidri lo brotiv 916 goodle алярное уопада EUTAVATI loron el ob HOLCUS LANATUS. MEADOW SOFT-GRASS. HOLCUS Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYGAMIA MONOECIA. 2 HERMAPHROD. Cal. Gluma 1 live 2 ilora. Cor. Gluma ariſtata. Siam. 3. Styli 2. Sem. 1. MASC. Cal. Gluma 2-valvis. Cor. o. Stam. 3. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. HOLCUS lanatus glumis bifloris villoſis: flofculo hermaphrodito mutico; maſculo ariſta recurva. Lin. Syft . Vegetab. p. 760. Sp. Pl. 1485. Fl. Suec. n.917. AVENA diantha, fioribus ovatis ; perfecto mutico, imperfecto ariſtato. Haller. hiſt. n. 1484. HOLCUS lanatus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1238. GRAMEN pratenſe paniculatum molle. Bauh. pin. 2. GRAMEN miliaceum pratenſe molle. Pet. Conc. Gr. 224. Raji Syn. p. 404. Soft-tufted Meadow- Graſs. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 440. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 631. que ciliata. RADIX perennis, fibroſa, minime repens. ROOT perennial, fibrous, not at all creeping. CULMI plures, bipedales, feu tripedales, raro ultra, STALKS ſeveral, from two to three feet high, ſeldom erecti, quatuor communiter geniculis diſtincti, higher, upright, generally furniſhed with four pubeſcentes, teretes, in quibuſdam locis ad joints, downy, round, in ſome ſituation taking baſin radicantes. root at the bottom. FOLIA pilis mollibus undique veſtita, incana, tres lineas LEAVES covered on every part with ſoft hairs, which lata, plana, ſuperne ſtriata, inferne carinata ; give them a greyiſh appearance, about three vagina lineis purpureis externe notata, interne lines in breadth, flat, above ftriated, below nitida ; membrana obtuſa, externe pilofa, pilif- keeled, the ſheath marked externally with pur- ple lines, internally ſhining; the membrane blunt, externally hairy, and edged with hairs. PANICULA primo ſpiciformis, mollis, laxus, rubellus, PANICLE at firſt forms a kind of ſoft, looſe, reddith parum nutans, dein erecta, diffuſa, albida. ſpike, which droops a little, afterwards be- comes upright, ſpreading and whitiſh. SPICULÆ bifloræ, albidæ, villoſulæ, verſus apicem co- SPICULÆ containing two flowers, whitiſh, ſomewhat loratæ. villous, coloured towards the top. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, valvula exteriore majore, tri- CALYX: a Glume of two valves, the outer one largeſt, nerve, interiore mucronata, minore carinata. having three ribs, and terminating in a point, fig. 1. auct. the inner one ſmaller and keeled. fig. 1. magnif. FLOS FERTILIS. FERTILE FLOWER. COROLLA bivalvis, valvule teneræ, virides, nitidæ, COROLLA compoſed of two valves which are tender, muticæ, valvulâ exteriore majore. fig. 2. green, ſhining, and pointleſs, the outer valve largeft. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria ; ANTHERÆ STAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS; ANTHERÆ oblongæ, bifurcatæ, flavæ. fig. 5. oblong, forked at each end, of a yellow colour. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum ; STYLI duo, ad ba- PISTILLUM: GERMEN inverſely ovate ; STYLES two, ſin uſque ramoſi. fig. 6. branched quite down to tbe bottom. fig. 6. SEMEN parvum, acuminatum, nitidum glumis corollæ SEED ſmall, pointed, and ſhining, covered by the tectum. fig. 9. et valvulis calycis incluſum. glumes of the corolla, ſig. 9. and incloſed in the valves of the calyx. fig. 8. FLOS STERILIS. BARREN FLOWER. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulæ minores, exteriore ariſtata, COROLLA compoſed of two valves, the valves ſmall, ariſta e dorſo valvulæ erumpente, longitudine the outer one bearded, the awn ariſing from valvulæ exterioris calycis. fig. 3, 4. the back of the valve, the length of the outer valves of the calyx. fig. 3, 4. STAMINA ut in fertili. fig. 5. STAMINA as in the fertile flowers. fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen ut in fertili, fed multo minus ; PISTILLUM: the Germen as in the fertile flower, but STYLI duo, ſubulati, fimplices. fig. 7. much leis ; STYLES two, tapering, and ſimple. SEMEN minimum, abortivum. SEED very minute and abortive. fig. 5. fig. 8. fig: 7: The Holcus Lanatus abounds in moſt meadows, is frequently found by road-fides, and ſometimes on walls, ſo that it will thrive in almoſt any ſituation. The redneſs of its panicle when juſt opening, joined to the ſoftneſs and hoari- neſs of its leaves, render it a very conſpicuous graſs. HALLER ſpeaks highly of it as food for cattle, calling it optimum pabulum. We cannot coincide with him in this opinion, nor do the generality of our intelligent farmers and graziers, who condemn it as too ſoft and woolly; ne- vertheleſs the feed of it (being eaſily collected) is ſometimes tent up to London in great quantities, and fold for pure grafs-ſeed: but it were better to lay down ground for meadow or paſturage in the uſual way, than fill it with this unprofitable, though pure graſs-feed. Mr. LIGHTFOOT informs us in his Fl. Scot. that it is ſometimes uſed to make ropes for the fiſhing-boats. It is a very diſtinct ſpecies from the Holcus Mollis (as we ſhall particularly explain when we treat of that graſs), and flowers in June and July. One cannot but lament that LINNEUs ſhould have ſeparated the Holeus from the other gralles, with which it has to great an affinity, and have placed it among the plants of the claſs Polygamia, merely becauſe ſome of its flow- ers were imperfect ; it frequently happening, as Haller very juſtly obſerves, that the Triticum, Hordeum, and fem veral other graſſes, are in the ſame predicament; and it was the leis necefiary here, as there is an evident piſtillum in the barren forvers, though an imperfect one. Vid. fig. 7. . Holous lanatus را . ،ی SNO 2 Аята. TIIN PIU'S UN TL mvandla ogh as in hout bandes sont mot HD gracial to the Yrvindstiebrero bers of o motor toda la 20 much goodoo too w bra brot Demon Brun Suo bonio Os sodai to ber MILIUM EFFUSU M. MIL LET GRAS S. MILIUM Lin, Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 2-valvis, uniflorus: valvulis fubæqualibus. Corolla breviffima. Stigmata penicilliformia. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. MILIUM effufum floribus paniculatis diſperſis muticis. Lin. Syſt. Veget. p. 94. Sp. Pl. p. 90. Fl. Susc. n. 61. MILIUM paniculis raris, longiffime petiolatis. Haller. Hift. 1525. GRAMEN ſylvaticum, panicula miliacea ſparſa. Bauh. Pin. 8. GRAMEN miliaceum. Lob. icon. 3. Ger. emac. 6. I. B. II. 462. GRAMEN miliaceum vulgare. Park. 1153. Raii Syn. p. 402. Millet-graſs. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 92. RADIX perennis, repens. ROOT perennial, and creeping. CULMI tenues, tres, quatuorve pedes alti, quatuor STALKS Nender, three or four feet high, commonly communiter geniculis diſtincti, totidemque, furniſhed with four joints, and cloathed with vel quinis foliis a geniculis oriundis, veſtiti as many or five leaves, ariſing from the joints. FOLIA palmaria, ſpithamæa, et pedalia, glabra, tenuia, |LEAVES from four to ſeven inches or a foot in length, et infirma, fubtiliffimè per longitudinem ftriata, ſmooth, thin and weak, very finely ftriated fupernå et infernâ parte aſpera, marginibus through their whole length, the upper and etiam, ſi deorſum ftringantur, afperis donata, under ſide as well as the edges rough if drawn tres, quatuorve lineas lata, fenfim in acutum backward through the hand, three or four lines mucronem terminata. Vagina ftriatæ, glabræ, in breadth, terminating gradually in a fine ad internam foliorum baſın in membranulam point. Sheath ftriated, ſmooth, at the inner tenuem, plerumque laciniatam terminatæ. baſe of the leaf terminating in a membrane which is often jagged. PANICULA palmaris, frequentius tamen fpithamaa, PANICLE four inches in length, but more frequently a pedalis et longior quandoque, ſuberecta, diffuſa, , ſpan, a foot, or more, nearly upright, ſpreading laxa. and looſe. RAMI paniculæ, capillares, flexuoſi. * BRANCHES of the panicle very fine, and crooked. CALYÅ: Gluma uniflora, bivalvis, acuminata, valvulis CALYX: a Glume of one flower, and two valves, æqualibus, lævibus, ovatis, acutis. fig. 1. 2. pointed, the valves equal, ſmooth, ovate, and pointed. fig. 1. 2. COROLLA bivalvis, calyce minor: valvulæ ovatæ, & COROLLA compoſed of two valves, ſmaller than the obtufiufculae, altera minore. fig. 3.4. calyx : the valves ovate, bluntiſh, one ſmaller than the other. fig. 3. 4. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, corollâ lon- STAMINA: three FILAMENTS, very fine, longer than giora. Antheræ primo oblongæ, demum the corolla. ANTHERÆ firſt oblong, then bifurcæ, flavæ. fig. 5. forked at each end, of a yellow colour. fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubrotundum, viride, glabrum; PISTILLUM: Germen roundiſh, green, ſmooth. STYLI duo reflexi, plumoſi, albi. fig. 6. STYLES two, turned back, feathered and white. SEMEN unicum, tectum, fubrotundum, nitidum. fig. 7. *SEED ſingle, encloſed, roundiſh, and ſhining. fig. 7. The graſs here figured is the only one we have of the genus Milium. It is diſtinguiſhed from the Panics, to which it has the greateſt natural affinity, by having a calyx of two valves only: the height it uſually attains, the particular ſituation in which it is found, joined to the delicacy of its panicle, eminently diſtinguiſh it from all our other graffes. It abounds in many of the woods about town, particularly in Charlton Wood, and flowers in May with the Lily of the Valley and Hare-bell. It has a creeping root, and grows readily in a fhady fituation. fig. 6. ee peats و gen 3 Milum of usum Y 70 UM. N 288 2 3 Scabiosa arvensis. NIU UN OF HO M SCABIOSA ARVENSIS. Field SCABIOUS: FIELD SCABIOSA Lin. Gen. Pl. TerraNDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. communis polyphyllus ; proprius duplex, fuperus. Recept. paleaceum five nudum. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DĖSTITUTIS, CORYMBIFERÆ DICTÆ. SCABIOSA arvenſis corollulis quadrifidis radiantibus, foliis pinnatifidis inciſis, caule hiſpido. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 121. Sp. Plant. p. 143. Fl. Suecic. n. 117. . . SCABIOSÀ fóliis petiolatis, ovato-lanceolatis, dentatis, fuperioribus femipinnatis. Haller. Hift. 206. SCABIOSA arvenſis. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 135. SCABIOSÀ pratenſis hirſuta quæ officinarum. Bauh. pin. 269. SCABIOSA major vulgaris. Ger. emac. 719. SCABIOSA vulgaris pratenfis. Parkins. 484. Raii Syn. p. 191. Common Field Scabious. Hudſon. FI. Angl. ed. II. p. 62. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 114. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 447. rata. RADIX perennis, ramoſa, ſublignoſa, difficulter evulfa. ROOT perennial, branched, ſomewhat woody, with difficulty pulled up. CAULIS pedalis vel ultra, teres, fimplex feu ramofus, STALK a foot or more in height, round, fimple or ſcaber, fuperne nudus, pubeſcens, inferne ni- branched, rough, above naked of leaves, and gro punctatus, hiſpidus: pilis albidis. downy below, dotted with black and hiſpid: the hairs whitiſh. FOLIÀ oppofita, hiſpida, acuta, inferiora integra, ovali- LEAVES oppoſite, hifpid, pointed; the lower ones en- oblonga; remote ferrata; fuperiora feffilia, am- tire, of an oval oblong ſhape, remotely fer- plexicaulia, pinnatifida : laciniis linearibus, op- rated; the upper ones ſeſſile, embracing the pofitis, fubferratis ; intermedia duplo majore, ſtalk, and pinnatifid; the fegments linear, op- Ianceolata, utrinque attenuata, in medio fer- poſite, flightly ferrated, the middle ſegment twice the ſize of the others, lanceolate, tapering at each extremity, and ſerrated in the middle. FLORES terminales, longius pedunculati, ſolitarii. FLOWERS terminal, ſtanding on long foot-ſtalks. CALYX communis polyphyllus, imbricatus, foliolis ova- CALYX common to all the florets compoſed of many leaves, tis, acutis, pubeſcentibus, ciliatis, plano-pa- imbricated, the leaves ovate, pointed, downy, tentibus ; interioribus paulo minoribus. edged with hairs, flat and ſpreading; the inner- moſt ſomewhat the ſmalleſt. COROLLA compofita hemifphærica, dilute violacea, COROLLA compound, hemiſpherical, of a pale violet radiata ; propria radii tubulata, longitudine ca- colour, radiate; the florets in the circumference lycis, intus villoſa, quadrifida; laciniis erectis, tubular, the length of the calyx, villous within, oblongis, obtufis, inæqualibus; exteriore paullo divided into four ſegments which are upright, majore ; duabus lateralibus, oppofitis, æquali- oblong, obtuſe and unequal; the outermoſt bus; intima duplo minore, fig. 1.; diſci minor, ſomewhat the largeſt; the two ſide ones oppo- ore quadrifido, obtufo, inæquali. fite, and equal; the innermoſt twice as ſmall, fig. 1. ; the central florets ſmaller, the mouth divided into four, obtufe, unequal fegments. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, fetacea, tubo co- STAMINA: FILAMENTS four, tapering, growing to rollæ inferne adnata, longitudine corollæ; An- the lower part of the tube of the corolla, and THERÆ exſtantes, lineares, incumbentes, co- of the ſame length as the corolla. ANTHERE rollæ concolores. fig. 2. projecting, linear, incumbent, of the fame colour as the corolla. fig. 2. PISTILLUM: GErmen inferum, tetragonum, villoſo- PISTILLUM: Germen below the corolla, four-cornered, hiſpidum, coronatum pappo campanulato, vil covered with numerous ſtiffith hairs and lofo-fetaceo, cinereo. Stylus cylindricus, fu- crowned with a bell-ſhaped pappus formed of perne incraffatus, corolla longior, erectus. numerous ath-coloured briſtles. STYLE cylin STIGMA exſertum, clavatum, emarginatum. drical, thickened above, longer than the co- fig. 3. rolla, upright. STIGMA projecting, club- ſhaped, with a notch. fig. 3. RECEPTACULUM barbatum, pilis germinibus brevi- RECEPTACLE bearded, the hairs ſhorter than the oribus. germina. SEMEN villoſum, ſubtetragonum, pappo villoſo-fetaceo SEED villous, fomewhat four cornered, crowned with a coronatum. fig. 4. briſtly villous down or pappus. fig. 4. The Scabioſa arvenſis is a very common plant, both in Corn-fields and Meadows. In the former it is undoubtedly a troubleſome weed; in the latter it frequently forms a great part of the paſturage, and being a hardy plant, pro- ducing a large quantity of foliage, which is not refuſed, according to LINNÆUS's experiments by Kine, Horſes, or Sheep, it may perhaps be confidered rather as uſeful. Dr. Rutty, in his Materia Medica, remarks, that the leaves have ſometimes been deſcribed as inodorous and inſipid; but, on a more accurate examination, they are found to be bitteriſh, with ſome degree of acrimony and aftringency. Medicinally this ſpecies, as well as the fuccifa, has been recommended internally in Coughs, Aſthmas, malignant Fevers, Lues venerea, Epilepſy, &c.; and externally in the Scurvy, Itch, Scabies, Terters, &c.; and may be uſed in ſubſtance, infuſion, decoction, or any manner of way; but, as Dr. Lewis obſerves, the preſent practice has little dependance on it It flowers in July and Auguft, varies much in the diviſions of its leaves, and is fometimes found with white flowers. The blofioms, and indeed the whole plant is much larger than the Scabiofa fucciſa; its leaves are more jagged. It flowers much earlier, and it affects a drier ſituation. arena ASICS EOIS POSAO SOSIA AL cold ca by auto erotic Get deci cordis osloboditorano 200 goed darold up to CU A lito 42 Plantego media را آدم CN OF HO MU PLAN TAGO MEDIA. HOARY PLANTAIN. PLANTAGO Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fida : limbo reflexo. Stamina longiffima. Capſ 2-locularis, circumfciffa. Raii Syn. Gen. 22. HERBÆ VASCULIFERÆ FLORE TETRAPETALO ANOMALÆ. PLANTAGO media foliis ovato-lanceolatis pubefcentibus, fpica cylindrica, fcapo tereti. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 131. Sp. Pl. p. 163. Fl. Suec. n. 130. PLANTAGO foliis fubhirſutis, ellipticis, fpica cylindrica denſa. Haller. Hift. n. 659. PLANTAGO media. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. 162. PLANTAGO latifolia incana. Bauhin. Pin. 189. PLANTAGO major incana. Parkins. 493. PLANTAGO incana. Ger. emac. 419. Raii Syn. p. 314. Hoary Plantain, or Lamb's Tongue, Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 63. Lig bifoot F. Scot. p. 117. RADIX perennis, craffitie digiti aut pollicis, ſubconica, ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of one's finger or apice in crura aliquot diviſa, extus nigricans, thumb, fomewhat conic, dividing at the top plurimis fibrillis inſtructa. into a few branches, externally of a blackiſh colour, and furniſhed with numerous fibres. FOLIA ovata, breviffime petiolata, fupra terram ex- LEAVES ovate, ſtanding on very ſhort foot-ſtalks, panſa, interioribus fenfim minoribus, quinque- expanded on the ground, the innermoſt gra- nervia, fubrugoſa, utrinque pubefcentia, inte dually ſmalleſt, having five ribs, fomewhat gerrima. wrinkly, downy on both ſides, and entire at the edges. SCAPI plures, teretes, infra folia prodeuntes, fpitha- FLOWERING-STEMS ſeveral, round, proceeding from mæi, aut pedales, erecti, pubeſcentes, pube below the leaves, from ſeven inches to a foot fuperne erecta, adpreffa. in height, upright, downy, the hairs on the upper part of it upright, and prefied to the ſtalk. SPICÆ florum cylindricæ, pollicares aut palmares. SPIKES of the flowers cylindrical, from one to four inches in length BRACTEA, feu fquamula lanceolata, concava, margine FLORAL-LEAF, a fioral-leaf or lanceolate ſmall hol- membranacea, fingulo flofculo fubjicitur, lou- low ſcale, membranous at the edge, and of the gitudine calycis. length of the calyx, is placed under each floret. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quadripartitum, erectum, per- CALYX: a PerianTHIUM deeply divided into four fiſtens; laciniis ovatis, acutiuſculis, membra- ſegments, erect and permanent; the fegments naceis, nervo viridi inſignitis. fig. 1. ovate, a little pointed, membranous, and marked with a green rib. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, perſiſtens, tabeſcens. Tubus COROLLA monopetalous, permanent, withered. Tube cylindraceus, bafi globofus. Limbus quadri- cylindrical, with a globular baſe. Limb divi- partitus, depreſſus, laciniis ovatis, acutis. fig. 2. ded into four ſegments, which are prefied downwards, ovate and pointed. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, capillaria, erecto- STAMINA: four FILAMENTS very flender, fomewhat patentia, calyce triplo longiora, purpurafcentia. ſpreading, thrice the length of the calyx, of a ANTHERÆ albæ, incumbentes, una extremi- a purpliſh colour. ANTHERÆ white, laying tate bifidâ, altera mucronatâ. fig. 3. acroſs the filaments, one end bifid, the other pointed. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum. Stylus filiformis, PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. Style thread-ſhaped, pilofus, ftaminibus brevior. Stigma ſimplex. hairy, ſhorter than the ſtamina. STIGMA fig. 41 fimple. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA ovalis, circumſciffa, dif- SEED-VESSEL: an oval Capsule, dividing horizon- perma. fig. 6. tally in the middle, and containing two feeds. fig. 6. SEMINA bina, hinc convexa, inde plano concava. SEEDS two together, convex on one ſide, and plano-con- fig. 7 cave on the other. fig. 7, This ſpecies of Plantain has a large root when fully grown, which penetrates deep into the earth, and being ſupplied with numerous lateral fibres, it ſupports itſelf in the moſt ſcorching ſeaſons, when the plants around it are frequently burnt up. It is alſo one of thoſe plants which are not deſtroyed by repeated mowing, as moſt lawns and graſs plats ſufficiently teſtify. It may be diſtinguiſhed from the common Plantain by the leaves being ſmaller, and hoary, ſtanding on ſhorter foot-ſtalks, lying cloſe to the ground, and having no notches on the edges; by its ſpikes being ſhorter, its filaments longer, its antheræ whiter and more ſhowy, and, if any other difference were wanting, we might add, that its capſules, inſtead of many, contain only two feeds, as in the lanceolata. About London it is not ſo common as either the lanceolata or major ; but where the ſoil is chalky no plant occurs more frequently. It flowers from June to Auguft. Sheep, Goats, and Swine, eat it; Kine and Horſes refuſe it. Lin. Pan. Suec. IS A FI GEODATA od SOLOMON SOLO onlar dor er tot AMO lodoled ontbui tag Bol olan soy be HUNDE ovog no hol do de ho coupon Valdeoveel toid 15W ала оо ооо хаа А Sandrolontariato od me tot Toto -onis baudos oll 10 bed ads gabona osloda! be Data OBO b au dos gols into di dolores lore the LORD lobo Moqrounds to the small modo toda bre sa toupil nonowe borrels as based by an obston Grobon berligant onto ad un pub yilid bone movil sa 10 be a tool baseball de la ASPERULA ODOR AT A. WOOD RUF F. ASPERULA Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. 1-petala, infundibuliformis. Semina 2, globoſa. Raii Syn. Gen. 12. HerBÆ STELLAT Æ. ASPERULA odorata foliis octonis lanceolatis, florum faſciculis pedunculatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 125. Sp. Pl. p. 150. ASPERULA caule erecto, foliis octonis; petiolis ramoſis erectis, feminibus hirſutis. Haller. Hift. n. 728. GALIUM odoratum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 158. ASPERULA ſeu Rubeola montana odora. Bauh. Pin. 334. ASPERULA. Ger. emac. 966. ASPERULA aut Aſpergula odorata. Parkins. 563. Raii Syn. p. 225. Woodroof or Woodruffe. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 66. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 115. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 562. . RADIX perennis, tenuis, articulatus, flaveſcens, paulo XROOT perennial, ſlender, jointed, of a yellowiſh colour, infra terram repens, et plurimas fibrillas di- creeping a little below the ſurface of the earth, mittens. and ſending down numerous ſmall fibres. CAULIS erectus, fpithamæus, plerumque fimplex, tetra- STALK upright, about a ſpan in height, for the moſt gonus, quadriſulcatus, glaber. part perfectly fimple, four-cornered, with a groove on each ſide, and ſmooth. FOLIA plerumque octona, verticillata, lanceolata, LEAVES growing generally eight together in a whirl, mucronata, glabra, ſpinulis ciliata. fig. 1. lanceolate, terminating in a ſmall point, ſmooth and edged with ſmall ſpines. fig. 1. CORYMBUS terminalis, nudus, erectus. CORYMBUS terminal, naked, and upright, CALYX nullus. CALYX wanting. COROLLA monopetala, alba, infundibuliformis . Tubus COROLLA monopetalous, white, funnel-ſhaped. Tube brevis, germini inſidens. Limbus quadripar- ſhort, ſitting on the germen. Limb divided titus, tubo longior, laciniis lanceolatis, paten- into four ſegments, longer than the tube, ſeg- tibus, craffiufculis. fig. 2. ments lanceolate, ſpreading, thickiſh. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, ad apicem tubi, STAMINA: four FILAMENTS at the top of the tube, breviſſima, alba. ANTHERÆ albidæ, longitu- very ſhort and white. AnTheRÆ whitiſh, the dine filamentorum, oblongæ, ſublineares, in- length of the filaments, oblong, fomewhat cumbentes. fig. 3. linear and incumbent. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, viride, ſubrotundum, PISTILLUM: GERMEN placed beneath the corolla, of utrinque compreffum, obſolete didymum, hif- a green colour, roundiſh, flattened on both pidum. STYLUS filiformis, albus, bifidus, fides, obſcurely double, and hiſpid. STYLE antheris brevior. STIGMATA duo, globofa, filiform, white, bifid, ſhorter than the an- inæqualia. fig. 4, 5, 6. theræ. STIGMATA two, globular and une- qual. fig. 4, 5, 6. NECTARIUM: Glandula parva baſin ſtyli cingens. NECTARY: a ſmall Gland ſurrounding the baſe of the ſtyle. PERICARPIUM: Baccæ duæ, ficcæ, globofæ, coalitæ, SEED-VESSEL: two, dry, round, hiſpid berries united hiſpidæ. fig. 7. together. fig. 7 SEMINA ſolitaria, ſubrotunda, magna. fig. 8. SEEDS ſingle, large and roundiſh. fig. 8. The flowers of Woodruff have an agreeable ſmell, and the whole plant, when dried, diffuſes an odour like that of the ſweet-ſcented Vernal-graſs . Kept among cloaths, it not only imparts to them an agreeable perfume, but, according to LINNÆUS, preſerves them from inſects. Ray informs us, that it gives its flavour to vinous liquors; and that the Germans uſe it much for that purpoſe. As a medicinal plant, it is ſuppoſed to attenuate viſcid humours, and ſtrengthen the tone of the Bowels, whence it is recommended in obſtructions of the liver and biliary ducts, and by ſome in Epilepſies and Palfies: modern practice has nevertheleſs rejected it. It is common in the woods about London, eſpecially Charlton Wood; and flowers in May and Fune. a vo w 年​。 7 Asperula odorata. GN OF 249 #6 m 7 7 VA Cynogloſsum officinale . UND OF CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE. HOUNDSTONGUE. CYNOGLOSSUM Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce claufa fornicibus. Stamina deprella interiora tantum latere ftylo affixa. Raji Syn. Gen. 13. HERBÆ ASPERIFOLI Æ. CYNOGLOSSUM officinale ſtaminibus corolla brevioribus, foliis lato lanceolatis tomentofis fefilibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 157. Sp. Pl. p. 192. Fl. Suec. n. 58. CYNOGLOSSUM foliis ellipticis, lanceolatis, fericeis, caule foliofo. Haller. Hjf. n. 5874 CYNOGLOSSUM officinale. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. 191. CYNOGLOSSUM majus vulgare. Baubin. Pin. 257. Ger. cmac. &04. . Parkiris. $1. Great Houndſtongue. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 226. Hudſon Fl. angl. ed. 2. F. 80. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 133. RADIX biennis, craffitie digiti ſeu pollicis, pedalis et ROOT biennial, the thickneſs of the finger or thumb, a ultra, fuſiformis, foris nigricans, intus albida. foot or more in length, tapering, blackiſh on the outfide, and whitiſh within. CAULIS bi ſeu tripedalis, erectus, fulcato-angulatus, STALK two or three feet in height, upright, grooved villofus, foliofiffimus, fuperne ramofus; Rami or angular, villous, very leafy, branched at plurimi, fuberecti, villofi. top; Branches numerous, nearly upright and villous. FOLIA radicalia magna, pedalia et ultra, petiolata, ova- LEAVES proceeding from the root large, a foot or incre ta, acuta, fericea hirſutie incana, venoſa, cau- in length, ſtanding on footftalks, cvate, lina, faltem fuperiora feffilia, conferta, ſparſa, pointed, covered with a filky down tvhich erecta, lanceolata, baſi latiora. gives them a greyiſh colour, veiny; thoſe of the ſtalk at leaſt the uppermoſt ones ſetlile, numerous, placed irregularly on the ſtalk, up- right, lanceolate, and broadeft at the baſe. FLORES primo ſordide rubentes, demum cæruleſcentes, FLOWERS at firſt of a dull red colour, afterwards be- racemoſi, fecundi. coming blueiſh, growing in racemi or long bunches, and hanging all one way. PEDUNCULI teretes, alterni, pubeſcentes. RACEMI nearly upright, and generally naked. FLOWER-STALKS round, alternate, and downy. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, foliolis CALYX: PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five feg- ovato-lanceolatis, erectis, pubeſcentibus, obtu- ments, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, upright, fiufculis, interne nitidis. fig. 1. downy, bluntiſh, ſhining on the inſide. fig. 1. COROLLA: monopetala, infundibuliformis; Tubus cy- COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-Shaped, Tube cylindri- lindraceus, craffus, pallidus, calyce duplo bre- cal, thick, of a pale colour, half the length of vior ; Limbus concavus, quinquefidus, laciniis the calyx. LIMB concave, divided into five rotundatis. fig. 2, 3. roundith ſegments. fig. 2, 3. NECTARIUM: Squama quinque, purpurcæ, antice NECTARY : five purple Scales, anteriorly hollow, gib. concaviuſculæ, vertice gibbæ, obtufa, margini bous at top, blunt, inſerted into the edge of the tubi infertæ, limbo duplo breviores, conni- tube, half the length of the limb, clofing to- ventes. fig. 4. Faux corollæ perforata. gether. fig. 4. Mouth of the corolla perforated. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, breviſſima; AN- STAMINA: five FILAMENTs, very ſhort. ANTHER THERE oblongæ, virides, fub fquamis nectarcis oblong, green, hid under the ſcaly nectaries. reconditæ. fig. 5. fig: 5. PISTILLUM: Germina quatuor, e luteo-vireſcentia, PISTILLUM: GERMINA four, of a yellowiſh green glabra ; Stylus fubulatus longitudine fami- colour, ſmooth. STYLE tapering, the length num, perfiftens ; STIGMA obtuſum, emargi- $ of the ſtamina, permanent. STIGMA blunt and natum. fig. 6. nicked. fig: 6. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA quatuor depreffæ, fubro- SEED-VESSEL: four flat CAPSULES of a roundiſh tundæ, fcabræ, non dehiſcentes, apice affixæ. ſhape, fomewhat prickly, not opening, fixed by their points. fig. 7. SEMINA folitaria, fubovata, gibba, acuminata, glabra. SEEDS fingle, ſomewhat ovate, gibbous, pointed and ſmooth. fig. 8. The leaves of this plant are in ſhape thought to reſemble a Dog's-tongue, whence its name. It grows wild by road fides, and in uncultivated places; and is particularly common about Charltor, and in the road to Lewiſham. It flowers in June and July, and ripens its feeds in Auguſt and September. The whole plant has a diſagreeable ſmell, much refembling that of mice. Its effects are ſaid to be narcotic; and an inſtance is related in the Hiſt. Oxon. 3. 450 *, in which the leaves boiled by miſtake for thoſe of Comfrey, diſordered a whole family, and proved fatal to one. Baron Haller quotes Dr. Blair as deſcribing a caſe fome- what ſimilar; but in that inſtance the plant uſed was not the Cynogloſſum, but the Pulmonaria maritima *; a plant one would not ſuſpect of being poiſonous. Houndſtongue has been uſed in medicine both internally and externally; but the preſent practice takes no notice of it in any intention. Cattle in general diſlike it; but the Goat, who with impunity will eat Deadly Nightſhade and Tobacco, is faid ſometimes to crop this nauſeous plant; it is the natural food of the caterpillar of the ſcarlet tyger-moth (Phalana Dommula) which may be found on it in April and May. The Cynogloſſum minus folio virente Ger. emac. 805, is conſidered by LINNÆUS merely as a variety of this plant, and deſcribed by Ray as growing in the London road between Kelvedon and Witham in Ellex, but more plentifully about Braxfted by the way fides. It has alſo been obſerved in ſome ſhady lanes about Worceſter by Mr. Pitts; at Southend, by Eltham, plentifully, Mr. J. Sherard; by the road fide, about a mile beyond IV altham-abbey, towards Harlow, Mr. Newton ; At Norbury in Surrey, a mile from Leatherhead, plentifully. Merr. Pin. * " Mulier quædam Oxonienfis, et maritus cum liberis, et quotquot erant iftius familiæ, folia Cynoglofi (pro tenellis Symphyti foliis collecta) coéta, " libere comedebant; et prandio mox omnes ægrè fe habebant, et non multo poít vomitus moleftus infequebatur, deinde ftupore et lomno correpta "funt, nec poſt horas fere 40 penitus excitati; unus autem mortuus eft." + Blair's Miſcellaneous Obſervations, p. 55. fig: 7 fig. 8. a . DOR HO De 90 ADA 240 !! Menyanthes trifoliata. ONIL OF MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA. BUCKBEAN MENYANTHES Lin. Gen. Pl. PentANDRIA MONOGYNIAI Corolla hirſuta. Stigma 2-fidum. Capf. 1-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPETALO, MENYANTHES trifoliata foliis ternátis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 164. Sp. Pl. 208. Fl. Suec. 1. 173. Fl. Lappon. p. 50. MENYANTHES foliis ternátis. Haller Hij. n. 633. MENYANTHES trifoliata. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 212. tohoto vip TRIFOLIUM paluſtre. Bauh. Pin. 327. TRIFOLIUM paludofum. Ger. emac. 1194. Parkinſ. 1212. TRIFOLIUM fibrinum Tabern. et Germanorum. Raii Syn. p. 285. Marth-Trefoil, Marſh-Trefoil, Buckbeans. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 85. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 137. Oeder Fl. Dan. 541. To RADIX perennis, repens, longa, geniculata, fibroſa. ROOT perennial, creeping, long, jointed and fibrous. CAULIS procumbens, variæ longitudinis pro ratione STALK procumbent, various in its length, according loci, vaginis tectus. to its ſituation, covered by the theaths of the leaves. FOLIA petiolata, ternata, ovata, obtufa, utrinque gla- LEAVES ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, growing three toge- bra, venoſa, margine repanda. ther, ovate, obtufe, ſmooth on both fides, veiny, the edge waved or ſerpentine. PETIOLI teretes, ſtriati, baſi vaginati. LEAF-STALKS round, ftriated, forming a ſheath at the bottom. SCAPU'S fimplex, nudus, e vaginis foliorum natus, erec- SCAPUS, or flowering ſtem, fimple, naked, ariſing from tus, teres, glaber, foliis longior, the theaths of the leaves, upright, round, ſmooth, longer than the leaves. THYRSUS terminalis, fubpyramidalis, nudus. THYRSUS terminal, ſomewhat pyramidal, naked. BRACTEÆ ovatæ, acutiuſculæ, concavæ. FLORAL-LEAVES ovate, fomewhat pointed and hol- low. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinque par- CALYX: a PeriANTHIUM of one leaf, deeply divided titum, baſi rugoſum, laciniis erectis, oblongis, into five ſegments, at bottom wrinkly, the obtufis, lævibus, margine coloratis. fig. 1. ſegments upright, oblong, obtufe, ſmooth, and coloured on the edge. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulato-infundibulifor- COROLLA monopetalous, betwixt bell and funnel- mis, extus roſea, intus alba ; Tubus craſſus, ſhaped, externally of a roſe colour, internally calyce longior, quinque-ſulcatus ; Limbus quin- white; Tube thick, longer than the calyx, que-partitus, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, acuti- having five grooves; Limb divided into five uſculis, reflexo-patentibus, intus barbatis, api- ſegments, which are narrow and pointed, cibus nudis, barbâ longitudine calycis, fila- ſpreading and turned back, bearded on the in- mentofa, alba. fig. 2. ſide, the tips naked, beard the length of the calyx, thready and white. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, ſubulata, alba, co- STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, tapering, white, grow- rollæ tubo adnata ; 'ANTHERÆ purpurafcentes, ing to the tube of the corolla ; ANTHERÆ ſagittatæ, apicibus incurvis ; POLLEN flavum. purpliſh, arrow-thaped, the tips bending in; POLLEN yellow. fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, viride, nitidum ; PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, green, ſhining ; Style | STYLUS cylindricus, fuperne paululum in- cylindrical, above a little thickened, twice the crafiatus, ftaminibus duplo longior ; STIGMA length of the ſtamina ; STIGMA compoſed of bilabiatum, flavum, villofum. fig. 4. two lips, green and villous. fig. 4. fig: 3. Parkinson informs us, that in his time this plant was generally called by the name of Marſh-trefoil, and ſome- times Marſh-claver ; it is now generally known by the name of Buckbean, whether this be a corruption of the compound word Bog-bean, or of the low Dutch Boex boonen, hoc eft Phaſeolum hircinum, or whether it be an ori- ginal Engliſh word we ſhall not preſume to determine, it being a point on which the learned themſelves are not agreed; but there is one point in which all who have ſeen the Buckbean in perfection will at once agree, viz. that it is one of the moſt beautiful plants this country can boaſt, nor does it fuffer when compared with the Kalmia's, the Rhododendron's, and the Erica's of foreign climes, which are purchaſed at an extravagant price, and kept up with much pains and expence, while this delicate native, which might be procured without any expence, and cul- tivated without any trouble, blofſoms unſeen, and waſtes its beauty in the deſart air. It grows abundantly in moſt boggy meadows, it will alſo flouriſh in ponds and lakes, and may be found in Batterſea Meadows, particularly about a hundred yards diſtant from the Red Houſe towards Chelſea, alſo plenti- fully in the marſhes about the ifland of St. Helena, near Rotherhithe, and no where in greater plenty than in the marthes about Staines, in many of which it is the principal plant. It flowers in May and June. To [ 2 ] To ſuch as wiſh to have this plant flower with them in perfection, I would recommend the following mode of cultivation : collect the roots of the plant either in ſpring or autumn, put them in a large pot (having a hole at the bottom) filled with bog earth, immerſe the pot about two-thirds of its depth in water, in which it ſhould continue; the advantage of this method is, that when the plant is coming into flower it may be brought into any room and placed in a pan of water, where it will continue to bloſſom for two or three weeks. A fingle root which I treated in this manner, planted in the ſpring, produced the enſuing May eight flowering ſtems, many of which had fifteen or fixteen blofſoms on them. LINNÆUS, in his invaluable Flora Lapponica, has ſeveral curious obfervations on the Buckbean, he informs us that the inhabitants of ſome parts of Lapland, and alſo of Weſtrobothnia, draw out the roots, which grow plenti- fully in the rivulets, and for want of other fodder give them to their cattle, who conſume them entirely; alſo that, in times of fevere ſcarcity, the miſerable inhabitants mix the powder of the dried roots with a ſmall quan- tity of meal and convert them into bread, which, he obſerves, is very bitter and extremely nauſeous; that it was a general practice with the peaſants of Weſtrogothia, in brewing, to ſubſtitute the bitter leaves of this plant for the hop, and that they were equally efficacious in preventing the beer from becoming four ;-he concludes his remarks by obſerving, that BARTHOLIN, SIMON Pauli, and others, have exclaimed much on the ſcurvy of the northern regions, ariſing from cold, and of the profuſion of antifcorbutic plants to be met with in thoſe countries, among which they enumerate the Buckbean as a principal one ; LINNÆus however afferts, that out of the great number of Laplanders he had ſeen not one was affected with that diſeaſe, although they lived in the coldeſt ha- bitable climate, and uſed no vegetable for their ordinary food, not even bread. On the contrary, he had obſerved the ſcurvy to be one of the moſt common diſeaſes of thoſe who inhabited the countries adjacent. Many phyſicians have a high opinion of its medical virtues. " It is of ſubtle penetrating parts, a good diuretic and antiſcorbutic, whence it is alſo of great uſe to people 66 afflicted with rheumatic pains. An infuſion of the dried leaves may either be drank like tea, or they may be in- os fuſed in white wine. It is a very intenſe bitter, and at firſt not very agreeable. Dr. Deering Cat. Stirp. ; 66 Marſh-trefoil is an efficacious aperient and deobſtruent, promotes the fluid fecretions, and, if liberally taken, gently looſens the belly. It has of late gained great reputation in fcorbutic and ſcrophulous diſorders; and its good effects in theſe caſes have been warranted by experience ; inveterate cutaneous diſeaſes have been removed by an infuſion of the leaves drank to the quantity of a pint a day, at proper intervals, and continued fome 66 weeks.” Lewis's Diſp. p. 242. It is alſo extolled for its efficacy in removing a variety of other diſeaſes, as the periodical head-ach, aſthma, protracted intermittents, jaundice, dropſy, wandering gout, worms, &c.—but we forbear ſaying more of it on this head, leaſt its real virtues ſhould be called in queſtion. Dr. TANCRED ROBINSON aſſerts, that ſheep are cured of the rot by being driven to feed in marſ.es where this plant abounds; this, if true, would prove a moſt valuable diſcovery. porod 3. UDO hotboloo bir - bus inted custom A Dolladibidofunga magocioOOD Veut me slots lo 73129 bet to dator xylo sdt gaol sud up to: altonazotto ori bob Toh batoio be hanno And begin oslo digu boodusosad olla on · ਗਿਨs b6_143 destrup HTUA : ads to do od zaibasdaque ordbogenom of ol LƯU te goal 09919 Watott diw.bongids til sovoda roba culofono balles au to beloomoo Taco adulo de sol zoologico oliy Do tok iyi -sobnosti od bob cow lotaill air mi? ale 70 no Tuttogs in tortor sd o odd nwort vilse woor Ito an od sinodolwyood scoot wol od 10 mono 50 916 visto benes at down bonissa cai otthagsb or los abordar sotto si toiBoy an ovat odbilar od : at si basamoodrow dillunsodata Ch O not to do base soboru 019 er het al Nausodina CH to od busenog proizvod 20 en wott abboe suo awa boy is SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALË. COMFREY. SYMPHYTUM Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Corolla limbus tubulato ventricoſus : fauce clauſa radiis fubulatis. Raii Syn. Gen. 13. HERBÆ ASPERIFOLIÆ. SYMPHYTUM officinale foliis ovato-lanceolatis decurrentibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 158. Sp. Pl. 1954 Fl. Suec. n. 165. SYMPHYTUM Haller. Hift. 11. 600. SYMPHYTUM Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 195. SYMPHYTUM Conſolida major. Bauh. pin. 259. CONSOLIDA major. Gerard emac. 806. SYMPHYTUM majus vulgare. Parkinſon 523. Raii Syn. p. 230. Comfrey. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 81. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 134. a RADIX perennis, magna, ramofa, extus nigricans, intus ROOT perennial, large, branched, on the outſide alba, fubdulcenti-infipida, fucco tenaci gluti- blackith, white within, maukifh, abounding noſo abundans. with a ſlimy juice. CAULIS bipedalis, erectus, ramofus, teres, ſubangula- STALK about two feet high, upright, branched, round, tus, ſcaber; pube rigida, recurva: yet flightly angular, rough; the hairs rigid and bending backwards. FOLIA alterna, inferne petiolata, ſuperne feffilia, decur- LEAVES alternate, the lower ones ſtanding on foot- rentia, ovata, acutá, ſpithamæa, etiam pedalia, ſtalks, the upper ones feffile, decurrent, ovate, parum rugoſa, venoſa, utrinque fcabra, mar- pointed, ſeven inches, or even a foot in length, gine ſubundulata, ciliata. ſomewhat wrinkly, veined, rough on both ſides, the edges flightly waved, and fringed with hairs. FLORES ex albo-luteſcentes; raro purpurei, cernui, FLOWERS of a yellowiſh white colour, rarely purple, facemoſi, racemis plerumque geminis, invo- drooping, placed on racemi or branches, which lutis, multifloris. uſually grow two together, turn ſpirally in- wards, and ſupport many flowers. PEDUNCULI racemorum & florum teretes, hirſuti. PEDUNCLES both of the racemi and flowers, round and very hairy. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, villoſum, pro- CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, hairy, deeply funde quinquefidum: laciniis lanceolatis acutis, divided into five ſegments, which are lanceo- carinatis, erectis. fig. 1. late, keeld and upright. fig. 1. COROLLA infundibuliformis, ex luteo-alba, decidua ; COROLLA funnel-ſhaped, of a yellowiſh white colour, Tubus craflus, longitudine calycis, apice extus deciduous; the tube thick, the length of the notatus punctis quinque depreſſis, fig. 2; limbus calyx, marked externally at the top with five ovatus, e tubo fenfim ampliato, minutim quin- ſmall depreſſions; fig. 2. the limb ovate from quefidus, laciniis brevibus, rotundatis, revo- the gradual widening of the tube, divided lutis; faux claufa : ſquamis nectareis quinque into five ſhort roundiſh ſegments, which are lanceolatis, acutis, margine craflis, ferrulato- rolled back; the mouth cloſed with five long dentatis, conniventibus, corollâ brevioribus. and pointed nectaries, thick at the edge, with fig. 4, 5 numerous teeth-like points, cloſing at top, ſhorter than the corolla. fig. 4, 5. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, lanceolata, alba, STAMINA: five, lanceolate, white, ſhortiſh FILA- breviuſcula; ANTHER Æ oblongæ, apice et baſi MENTS; ANTHER Æ oblong, bifid both at top bifidæ, luteſcentes, erectæ, fub fquamis nec- and at bottom, of a yellowiſh colour, upright, fareis occultatæ. fig. 3. hid by the nectaries. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN quadripartitum : lobis fubro- PISTILLUM: GERMEN divided into four lobes, which tundis, obtufis, viridibus; STYLUS ſubulatus, are roundiſh, blunt and green ; STYLE taper- albus, inter lobos germinis furgens, corollâ ing, white, ariſing from the middle betwixt paulo longior, apice obliquus ; STIGMA par- the lobes, a little longer than the corolla, with vum, obtuſum. fig. 6. a ſmall obliquity at top; STIGMA ſmall and blunt. fig. 6. SEMINA quatuor in fundo calycis, majuſcula, angulata, SEEDS four, in the bottom of the calyx, largiſh, angu- nigricantia, nitida. fig. 7. lar, blackiſh and thining. fig. 7. The Comfrey is a very common plant by river fides, on the edges of wet ditches, and in other moiſt fitua- tions; it flowers from June to September. Its bloſſoms are for the moſt part of a yellowiſh white colour, but in ſome parts of England, and abroad, they are more commonly purple. As a medicinal plant the Comfrey has been held in high eſtimation, its conſolidating virtues have however been carried to a ridiculous exceſs; the roots, which are full of a glutinous juice, agree in quality with the roots of Marſh-mallow, and hence are recommended, internally, in ſpittings of blood, purgings, fluxes, and ulcers of the bladder; externally, by way of poultice to freſh wounds, fractured bones, bad ulcers, bruiſes, gouty ſwellings, &c. A decoction of the powdered root, prepared in a particular manner, yields a fine ſcarlet colour. HELLOT teinture, p. 357 It is generally left untouched by cattle. I know of no plant, that on being repeatedly cut down, produces ſuch a quantity of herbage. 237 3 Symphytum officinale IN OF VINCA MA JOR. GREAT PERIW IN K L E. KLE VINCA Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Contorta. Folliculi 2, erecti, Semina nuda. Raii. Syn. Gen. 17. HERBÆ MULTISILIQUÆ SEU CORNICULATÆ. VINCA major caulibus erectis, foliis ovatis, floribus pedunculatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 304 PERVINCA caulibus erectis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis ciliatis, petiolis unifloris. Haller. hiſt. n. 573. PERVINCA major. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 174. CLEMATIS daphnoides major. Bauh. pin. 302. CLEMATIS daphnoides s. Pervinca major. Ger. emac. 894. CLEMATIS daphnoides latifolia, f. Pervinca major. Parkins. 380. Raii Syn. p. 268. The greater Pe- riwinkle. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. p. 91. RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris albidis ſeu fufcis. a CAULES florigeri erecti, bipedales et ultra, teretes, lateribus alterne fubcompreſſis, glabri, rubro maculati, cauliculi etiam ſunt fteriles qui hu- mi repent aut plantas vicinas fcandent. FOLIA oppoſita, petiolata, ovata, glaberrima, minu- tim ciliata, remota, ſempervirentia. PEDUNCULI foliis longiores, erecti, teretes, glabri, filiformes, uniflori. FLORES ampli, pallide cærulei. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis ſublinearibus, ciliatis, longitudine fere tubi corollæ. fig. I. COROLLA monopetala, hypocrateriformis, tubus in- ferne cylindraceus, fuperne latior, lineis quin- que inſculptus, ore pentagono, albido, limbus horizontalis, quinquepartitus, laciniis extror- fum latioribus, oblique truncatis. fig. 2. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibrous whitiſh or of a brown colour. STALKS producing the flowers upright, two feet high and upwards, round, the ſides alternately ſomewhat flattened, ſmooth, dotted with red, there are alſo other ſtalks producing no flowers which creep on the ground or climb the neighbouring plants, LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on footſtalks, ovate, ſmooth, ſhining, finely edged with hairs, re- mote from each other, and evergreen. FLOWER-STALKS longer than the leaves, upright, round, ſmooth, filiform, each ſupporting one flower. FLOWERS large, of a pale blue colour. CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM divided into five ſegments, the ſegments ſomewhat linear, ciliated, al- moſt the length of the tube of the corolla. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, falver-ſhaped, the tube below, cylindrical, above broader, having five grooves, the mouth whitiſh, five cornered, the limb horizontal, divided into five ſeg- ments which are externally broadeſt, and ob- liquely cut off. fig. 2. STAMINA: five FILAMENTS very ſhort, firſt bent in, and afterwards bent back; AnTheRÆ bi- locular, opening inwardly, terminated by a hairy membrane bent in at top. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMINA two, preſſed by two ſhining glands which pour forth plentifully a ſweet liquor ; STYLE one common to both, gra- dually tapering to the baſe; STIGMATA two, the lowermoſt round and flat, the uppermoſt very hairy, covered by the membrane of the antheræ, fig. 4. STATAINA: FILAMENTA quinque breviſſima, inflexa, retroflexa ; ANTHER Æ biloculares, introrſum dehiſcentes, membranâ pilosâ incurva termi- natæ. fig. 3. PISTILLUM. GERMINA duo, comprefla glandulis duabus nitidis liquorem melleum copioſe ef- fundentibus; STYLUS utrique unus commu- nis, ad baſin fenfim gracilefcens; STIGMATA duo, inferius orbiculatum, planum, fuperius albiffimum, piloſum, membranis antherarum obtecta. fig. 4. In the Syſtema Vegetabilium of LINNÆUS, the laſt of his works publiſhed under his direction, this plant is ſuſpected to be a variety of the Vinca minor, a ſuſpicion for which there appears to be no grounds, and which is con- trary to the united opinion of Botaniſts both antient and modern ; the minor it is true has many varieties, but they relate to the colour of the bloſſoms, and leaves, and the multiplication of the former merely, no alteration is produced in the general habit of the plant, not even by long continued culture; HALLER, in his ſpecific cha- racter of the major, obſerves, that the leaves are finely edged with hairs, ſo far as our obſervation extends this is conſtant, and may ſerve, if any difficulty of diſtinguiſhing them ſhould ariſe, to ſettle it. The major, like the minor, is common enough with us in gardens, but rarely met with wild, yet have noticed it in ſeveral places, particularly under Lord Stormont's Park pales, on the left hand fide of the road, betwixt Wandſworth and Putney-Common, and in a field near Beckenham, in Kent, where it was certainly in a wild ſtate. It flowers in May and June. It is regarded only as an ornamental plant, but ſhould be introduced into the garden with caution, as it en creaſes very much, and is apt to over-run and injure others. ca con Ninca major ONE - ΤΑΥ ανΑλυο JIMI STATETOOTED SoundClog bra pilsonit bruto bis bm - do otvo-oot obtained Low boz fashib chords bus nivonoir ASIWON gro to guimos que congue on to all bit mot - ovi o hubivib ta oil to ruled svodi bor tanto tovaru Stro bitwa Vio Gol binkortvova aducida o altronden ganolo darbs 10 ADOR vitave Droot SAMOLUS VALERANDI. ROUND-LEAVED WATER- PIMPERNEL. SAMOLUS Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. hypocrateriformis. Stamina munita fquamulis corollæ. Capf. uni- locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPET ALO. SAMOLUS Valerandi. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 177. Sp. Pl. p. 243. Fl. Suec. n. 192. SAMOLUS. Haller Hift. n. 707. ANAGALLIS aquatica, rotundo folio non crenato. Bauhin. Pin. 252. SAMOLUS Valerandi. Bauh. Hift. 3. p. 791. ALSINE aquatica, foliis rotundis becabungæ. Moriſ. Hif. 2. p. 323. 1. 3. t. 24. f. 28. ANAGALLIS aquatica rotundifolia. Ger. emac. 620. ANAGALLIS aquatica tertia Lobelii folio ſubrotundo non crenato. Parkins, p. 1237. Raii Syn. 283. Round-leaved Water-Pimpernel. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 94. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 142. Oeder Fl. Dan. icon. 198. a RADIX perennis, fibroſa, alba. ROOT perennial, fibrous, and white. CAULIS dodrantalis, aut pedalis, erectus, rigidulus, teres, STALK a ſpan or a foot in height, upright, ſomewhat glaber, plerumque ramofus. rigid, round, ſmooth, and generally branched. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, ovata, obtuſa, integerrima, LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, ovate, ob- nitida, venis paucis, remotis, notata. tuſe, perfectly entire, ſhining, marked with few veins, and thoſe diftant. PETIOLI breves, lati. LEAF-STALKS ſhort, and broad. FLORES parvi, albi, fpicati. FLOWERS ſmall, white, growing in ſpikes. PEDUNCULI plurimi, ſparſi, ſuberecti, uniflori, teretes, FLOWER-STALKS numerous, placed in no regular bractæâ lanceolatâ medio inſtructi. order, nearly upright, each ſupporting one flower, round, having a ſmall pointed floral- leaf growing from the middle of each. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinque-partitum, fuperum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five ſeg- bafi obtufum, laciniis erectis, perfiftentibus. ments, placed above the germen, blunt at the fig. 1. baſe, the ſegments upright and permanent. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, hypocrateriformis. Tubus bre- COROLLA monopetalous, ſalver-ſhaped. Tube" very viflimus, longitudine calycis, patulus. Limbus ſhort, the length of the calyx, open. Limb planus, quinque-partitus, obtuſus. Squamula flat, deeply divided into five ſegments, which quinque, breviffimæ, ad bafin finus limbi, are obtufe ; five very ſhort Scales which cloſe conniventes, fig. 2, 3. inward, are ſituated at the mouth of this tube. fig. 2, 3: STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, brevia, infra laci- STAMINA: five ſhort FILAMENTS placed beneath each niam corollæ fingula. ANTHERÆ conniventes, ſegment of the corolla. ANTHERÆ cloſing luteæ, intra tubum corollæ. fig. 4. together, of a yellow colour, within the tube of the corolla. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN inferum. Stylus filiformis, PISTILLUM: GERMEN beneath the calyx. STYLE longitudine fere ftaminum. STIGMA capi- thread-ſhaped, nearly the length of the fta- tatum. fig. 5. mina. STIGMA forming a little head. fig. 5. PERICARPIUM: Capſula ſubrotunda, calyce cincta, | SEED-VESSEL: a roundiſh Capſule, covered by the unilocularis, ore quinquedentato, dentibus calyx, of one cavity, the mouth having five reflexis. fig. 6. teeth, which turn back. fig. 6. SEMINA plurima, exigua, nigra. Receptaculum globo- SEEDS numerous, ſmall and black. Receptacle round ſum, magnum. fig. 7, 8. and large. fig. 7, 8. Of this genus there is at preſent only one known ſpecies, and that an inhabitant of every quarter of the globe : nevertheleſs, it is found but ſparingly with us; but may with certainty be met with on the edges of the wet ditches about Woolwicb, Charlton, and Greenwich, more particularly in the road leading from New-croſs Turnpike to the Iſland of St. Helena, Rotherhithe. It flowers in fuly. No particular uſes are attributed to it. 268 8. Samolus Valerandi. SNL O 310 CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA. HEATH BELL-FLOWER. CAMPANULA Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. campanulata, fundo clauſo valvis ftaminiferis. Stigma trifidum. Caps. infera, poris lateralibus dehiſcens. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. CAMPANULA rotundifolia foliis radicalibus reniformibus, caulinis linearibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 173. Sp. Plant. p. 232. Fl. Suec. n. 184. CAMPANULA foliis ferratis, radicalibus cordatis, caulinis lanceolatis. Haller. Hift. 701. CAMPANULA rotundifolia. Scopoli Fl. Carn. 11. 1 24. CAMPANULA minor rotundifolia vulgaris. Bauhin pin. 93. . CAMPANULA rotundifolia. Ger. emac. 452. CAMPANULA minor fylveſtris rotundifolia. Parkinſon 651. Raii Syn. p. 277. The lefſer round- leaved Bell-flower. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 95. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 141. a RADIX alba, crafliuſcula, modice fibroſa, ſubdulcis, ROOT white, thickiſh, moderately fibrous, ſweetiſh, repens. and creeping CAULES ex una radice plures, pedales et ultra, fub- STALKS; from the ſame root ſeveral, a foot or more erecti, debiles, flexuoſi, teretes, glabri, ſolidi, in height, fomewhat upright, but weak and lactefcentes, ramofi. crooked, round, ſmooth, folid, milky, and branched. FOLIA radicalia cordato-reniformia, petiolata, dentato- LEAVES of the root ſomewhat heart or kidney ſhaped, ſerrata, caulina prope bafin lanceolata, dentata, ſtanding on footſtalks, toothed, or fawed, ſumma linearia, integerrima. thoſe of the ſtalk near the baſe lanceolate and toothed, near the ſummit linear and entire. RAMI floriferi, patuli, fimplices feu ramoſi, fubnudi. FLOWER-BRANCHES ſpreading, ſimple or branched, almoſt naked. FLORES perfecte campanulati, cærulei, parum nutantes. FLOWERS perfectly bell-ſhaped, of a blue colour, and drooping a little. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, erectum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM divided into five ſegments, glabrum, ſulcatum, perſiſtens, laciniis linea- upright, ſmooth, grooved, permanent, the ribus. fig. 1. ſegments linear. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulata, limbo quinque- COROLLA monopetalous, bell-Shaped, divided into fido, laciniis acutis, patentibus. fig. 2. five ſegments at the brim, which are pointed and ſpreading. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, bre- STAMINA: five very fine, ſhort FILAMENTS inſerted viſlima, inſerta valvularum nectarii apicibus ; into the tips of the valves of the nectary ; ANTHERÆ filamentis longiores, compreffæ, ANTHERÆ longer than the filaments, flatten'd, primo purpurafcentes, dein fuſcæ. fig. 3, 4, 5. at firſt purpliſh, afterwards brown. fig. 3, 4, 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN inferum, ſulcatum ; STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN beneath the calyx, grooved; filiformis ; STIGMA tripartitum, oblongum, STYLE thread-ſhaped ; STIGMA oblong, craſſiuſculum, externe villoſum, laciniis revo- thickiſh, externally villous, divided into three lutis. fig. 6, 7, 8. ſegments which are rolled back. fig. 6, 7, 8. NECTARIUM in fundo corollæ, conſtructum valvulis NECTARY in the bottom of the corolla, formed of quinque, acutis, conniventibus, receptaculum five pointed valves cloſing and covering the tegentibus. fig. 5. receptacle. fig. 5. When the Campanula rotundifolia grows among herbage, its radical leaves, which are of a roundiſh figure, at leaſt compared with moſt of the plants of the fame genus, are ſeldom obſerved, unleſs particularly fought for, while thoſe of the ſtalk are ſeen by every one to be linear ; hence the name of rotundifolia to moſt beginners appears abſurd. LINNÆUS in giving it this name has followed the antient Botaniſts, as will appear from con- ſulting the ſynonyms. This plant, as well as the Epilobium anguſtifolium, points out to the ſtudent the neceſſity of attending to the following botanic axiom, thoſé bloſſoms which are on the point of expanſion Shew the ſtrukture of the flamina to the moj advantage, as thoſe which are overblown do that of the figma. Subject to the fame variation in point of ſize with all other plants, it may be found from *two inches to a yard in height, its radical leaves in certain ſituations are found without any notches, in which caſe it is more truly rotundifolia ; its blofſoms alſo vary in their colour, being ſometimes found white and ſometimes purple. The ſtalks and branches, when broken, give out a milky juice, which has a diſagreeable ſmell. It grows plentifully on heaths, and by the road fides in barren hilly ſituations, and flowers from June to September Having a perennial and a creeping root it is eaſily cultivated in the Garden. Linnæus ſays a green pigment is prepared from the flowers, but does not inform us in what manner. * Mr. Lightfoot found it of that height in Scotland. 220 Campanula rotundifolia oc OF MUTUATOTO и ☺ Расслаи Н. АТО नाdi noorte ok Home CHIRONIA CENTAURIU M. CENTAURY. CHIRONIA Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. rotata. Piſtillum declinatum. Stamina tubo corollæ infidentia. Antheræ demum ſpirales. Pericarp. 2-loculare: Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. CHIRONIA Centaurium. GENTIANA Centaurium corollis quinquefidis infundibuliformibus, caule dichotomo, piſtillo fimplici. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 122. Sp. Plant. p. 332. Fl. Suec. n. 232. GENTIANA caule dichotomo; floribus infundibuliformibus, ftriatis, quinquefidis. Haller. hift. n. 648. GENTIANA Centaurium. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 293. CENTAURIUM minus. Bauh. Pin. 278. CENTAURIUM minus vulgare. Parkin. 272. CENTAURIUM parvum. Gerard. emac. 547. Raii Syn. p. 286. Small Purple Centory. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 102. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 152. © 0 RADIX annua, fibroſa, lignoſa, flaveſcens. ROOT annual, fibrous, woody, and of a yellowiſh colour. CAULIS fpithamæus, et ultra, erectus, plerumque, Ở STALK about ſeven inches high or more, upright, fimplex, glaber, anguloſus. generally fimple, ſmooth, and angular. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, glabra, radicalia oblonga, LEAVES oppoſite, feffile, ſmooth, thoſe of the root apice obtuſa, baſi anguftata, caulina ovato- oblong, blunt at the point and narrowed at lanceolata, erecta, trinervia, fuperioribus the bafe; thoſe of the ſtalk narrow, pointed, fæpe incurvis. upright, three-ribbed, the uppermoſt often bent inward. FLORES roſei, corymboſi, erecti, feffiles. FLOWERS roſe-coloured, growing in a corymbus, upright, and feffile. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinquefi- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, divided into dum, erectum, corollæ fubagglutinatum, per- five ſegments, upright, ſlightly glued to the ſiſtens, laciniis fubulatis, ſubtriangularibus, corolla, permanent, the ſegments tapering membranâ connexis, fig. 1, 2. auct. to a point, ſomewhat triangular, connected by a membrane, fig. 1, 2. magnified. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, tubus COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-ſhaped, the tube cylindraceus, ftriatus, tenuiſſimus, calyce cylindrical, ftriated, extremely thin, twice duplo longior, limbus quinquepartitus, rofeus, the length of the calyx, limb divided into five laciniis ovatis, patentibus, fig. 3. ſegments, of a roſe-colour, the fegments ovate and ſpreading, fig: 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, alba, filiformia, STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, white, thread-ſhaped, ex apice tubi enata. ANTHER Æ oblongæ, ſpringing from the top of the tube. An- incumbentes, flavæ, demum ſpiraliter con- THER Æ oblong, incumbent, of a yellow co- tortæ, fig. 4. 5. 6. lour, finally twiſted, fig. 4, 5, 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, tubum corollæ PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, filling the tube of implens. STYLUS albus, filiformis, germine the corolla. STYLE white, of equal thick- dimidio brevior, declinatus, aliquando bifi- neſs throughout, half the length of the ger- dus. STIGMA craflum, bilobum, villoſum, men, inclining to one fide, fometimes bifid. fig. 7, 8, 9. STIGMA thick, compoſed of two lips and villous, fig. 7, 8, 9. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA oblonga, acuta, nitida, 8 SEED-VESSEL: a CAPSULE, of an oblong ſhape, tubo corolla obtecta, bilocularis, biparti- pointed, ſhining, covered by the tube of the bilis. corolla, diviſible into two parts, with a ca- vity in each. SEMINA numeroſa, parva, ſubrotunda, flaveſcentia. SEEDS numerous, ſmall, roundiſh, of a yellowiſh colour. 0 Thoſe who have been accuſtomed to conſider this well-known plant as a Gentiana, will be ſtartled at ſeeing it here firſt announced as a Chironia ; but when they come attentively to examine its parts of fructification, they will wonder how they could ſo readily acquieſce in joining it to a genus with which its ſtructure is wholly irreconcileable. It agrees perfectly with Linnæus's character of the genus Chironia, the eſſence of which conſiſts in its twiſted Antheræ ; and it is worthy of obfervation, that the bloſſoms of two of the Chironias, not unfrequently met with in the gardens of the curious, are of the fame colour as the Centaury. Theſe facts have induced me to add a new genus to the Engliſh Catalogue, whereby this plant fortunately aſſumes its proper name*. The Centaury grows wild in dry and barren fields, on heaths by the fides of hedges, and ſometimes in woods, where it uſually acquires a greater height. In the neighbourhood of Charlton and Coombe Woods it is not unfrequent, and flowers in July and Auguſt. A variety, with white flowers, is not uncommon. This herb is extremely bitter, with a diſagreeable taſte, whence, Baron HALLER obſerves, the ancients called it fel terræ, or gall of the earth. From an idea, however, that all bitters are good flomachic medicines, it has acquired no ſmall degree of medicinal fame, and is particularly recommended in all weakneſſes of the Stomach; alſo, in the Jaundice, Green-Sickneſs, Worms, Agues, Gout, Scurvy, &c. It may be given in ſubſtance, to a drachm; in infuſion or decodion, to two ounces; the extract, to a fcruple. Authors have remarked, that it is a plant very difficult of cultivation. n * Centaury has its name devtaugrow or zertavgasov from Chiron the Centaur. “ Centaurea curatus dicitur Chiron, cum Herculis excepti hofpitio pertractandi arma fagitta excidiſſet in pedem : quare aliqui Chironion vocant. Plin. l. 25.C. 6. p. 635. 947 TY MM Chironia Centaurum, ON OF Bicy 248 3 3 Chenopodium hybridum الم UN OA HO M CHENOPODIUM HYBRIDUM. THORN-APPLE-LEAVED GOOSE FOOT. CHENOPODIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus, 5-gonus. Cor. o. Sem. 1 lenticulare, fuperum. 1 Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HerBÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO (VEL APETALO POTIUS). CHENOPODIUM Hybridum foliis cordatis angulato-acuminatis, racemis ramofis nudis. Lin. Syft. Veget. p. 216. Sp. Pl. P. 319. Fl. Suec. n. 220. CHENOPODIUM foliis glabris feptangulis, floribus paniculatis. Haller. Hiſt. n. 1588. ATRIPLEX fylveftris latifolia, acutiore folio. Bauh. Pin. 119. CHENOPODIUM Stramonii folio. Vaillant, Paris 36. t. 7. f. 2. CHENOPODIO affinis, folio lato, laciniato, in longiffimum mucronem procurrente, florum ramulis fparfis. Raii Hift. III. 123. BLITUM Aceris folio. Pet. H. Brit. 8. 7. ATRIPLEX odore et folio Stramonii minori tamen. Læl. Triumf. apud fratrem. Raii Syn. p. 154. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 105. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa, fibris plurimis, ca- & ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous, fibres numerous, pillaceis, patentibus. capillary, and ſpreading. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, erectus, ramofus, an- STALK from one to two feet high, upright, branch- gulatus, glaber. ed, angular, and perfectly ſmooth. FOLIA petiolata, alterna, glabra, fine farinâ, venoſa, • LEAVES ftanding on foot-ſtalks, alternate, ſmooth, fubtriangularia, patentia, utrinque plerum- without any meal, veiny, ſomewhat triangu- que tridentata, acuminata, dentibus magnis, lar, ſpreading, furniſhed with three teeth on remotis. each fide, and running out to a long point, the teeth large, and diſtant from each other. PETIOLI foliis breviores, fubrugofi, inferne convexi,. LEAF-STALKS ſhorter than the leaves, fomewhat fuperne canaliculati. wrinkled, convex on the under, and hollow on the upper fide. FLORES paniculati. FLOWERS growing in a panicle. PANICULA ampla, ramofiflima, nuda, PANICLE large, very much branched, and naked. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, perfiftens, CALYX: PERIANTHIUM of five leaves and perma- foliolis ovatis, obtufiufculis, pulverulentis, nent, leaves ovate, ſomewhat obtufe, mealy, margine membranaceis. membranous at the edge. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, fubulata, flavef- STAMINA: FILAMENTS five, tapering, yellowiſh, centia, longitudine calycis. ANTHER £ di- the length of the calyx. ANTHERÆ double, dymæ, fubrotundæ, flavæ, fig. 2. roundiſh, and yellow, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen orbiculatum. Stylus bi- % PISTILLUM : GERMÊN round, but ſomewhat flat- partitus, brevis. STIGMATA minima, fub- tened. Style ſhort, bipartite. STIGMATA reflexa, fig. 3 very ſmall, turned ſomewhat back, fig. 3. SEMEN e nigro caftaneum, orbiculare, depreffum, & SEED of a dark cheſnut colour, orbicular, flattened, intra calycem. contained within the calyx. LINNÆUS, when he beſtowed on this Chenopodium the name Hybridum, had an idea, as may be learned from his Flora Suecica *, that it was a ſpurious plant produced from the viride : repeated obſervations would probably have taught him, that this opinion was too haftily adopted, as the hybridum has certainly as great pretenſions to be conſidered as an original ſpecies, as the viride, the album, or any other. Indeed it is one of thoſe Chenopodiums which varies the leaſt of any; and, beſides the form of its leaves, which reſemble thoſe of the Thorn-Apple, and its peculiarly branched and naked panicle of flowers, it has a ftrong and dif- agreeable ſmell, which fome have compared to that of the Thorn-Apple : Allo, ſown in the garden, it produces invariably the likeneſs of the original plant. Of all the Engliſh plants of this genus, and we have them all (the maritimum excepted) growing wild about London, the environs of which are in many places peculiarly favourable to their growth, this is by far the ſcarceft. I have hitherto diſcovered it in one place only, and that ſparingly, viz. in Batterſea-Fields, betwixt . the Windmill-Meadow and the road leading to Chelſea-Bridge adjoining the Gardener's ground. It flowers in Auguft. It is mentioned, in the third edition of Mr. Ray's Synopſis, to have been found by Mr. SHERARD on the banks of ſome watery pits beyond Ely, and by Mr. DALE about Colcheſter. Mr. Hudson deſcribes it as growing plentifully about North-Fleet; and Mr. LIGHTFOOT enumerates it among his Scottiſh plants. Some authors fufpect it to be poiſonous. Tragus, in particular, mentions it as a plant fatal to ſwine. * Habet multa communia cum præcedente (viride) ut forte olim ab eodem ortum fit, quod racemorum fructura indicat. Fl. Suec. n. 220. p. 80. 1200D CHI-AVISONT studijavlI MUILOTOVINO алуан-ала А- MUCHAY CHEMOODI TOTO Cron 1301 TOUT bolo MOICOTOVITO В мао ott termotardim do ICOFOVSHO il risottoselyt YIHIILITA ilolimon MUICOIO HO totoong motomobil ins GOSTO BIILOR TOMISLOHOWS Start buget Host: 1619. stobo. ZILITA osad 2 as TOOSI fondo con XIGAS melebbq be azben a Shop AT TOTA USEALEDONADO HUIUS BUNIUM BULBOCASTANUM. EARTH-NUT. BUNIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Corolla uniformis. Umbella conferta. Fructus ovatus. Raii Syn. Gen. 11. UMBELLIFERÆ HERBÆ. BUNIUM Bulbocaſtanum. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 229. Sp. Pl. p. 349. BULBOCASTANUM. Haller Hift. n. 783. BULBOCASTANUM. 1. B. III. 2. 30. BULBOCASTANUM majus folio apii. Bauhin. Pin. 162. BULBOCASTANUM majus et minus. Ger. emac. 1065. NUCULA terreſtris major. Parkinſ. 893. Raii Syn. p. 209. Earth-Nut, Kipper-Nut, Pig-Nut, Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 122. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 156. Oeder. Fl. Dan. t. 220. a RADIX perennis, tuberoſa, extus caftanei coloris, intus ROOT perennial, tuberous, on the outſide of a cheſnut alba, folida, fibras tum ab imo tum a lateribus colour, within white, ſolid, putting forth flen- promens tenues, guſtu ſubdulci grato, pro- der fibres from the ſides as well as the bottom, funde in terra deliteſcente. of an agreeable ſweetiſh taſte, lying deep in the ground. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, erectus, teres, firmulus, STALK from one to two feet high, upright, round, craſſitie pennæ coracis, fübftriatus, glaber, pe- ftiffiſh, the thickneſs of a crow-quill, ſlightly nitus viridis, ramofus. ftriated, ſmooth, throughout of a green colour, and branched. FOLIA radicalia longe petiolata, caulina feffilia, omni-LEAVES from the root ftanding on long foot-flalks, bus tenuiſſime divifis, fæniculi modo, faturate thoſe of the ſtalk feffile, all of them very finely viridibus, marginibus foliorum ad lentem acu- divided like fennel, the ſmall leaves edged with leato-ciliatis, fig. 7. auct. Spatha brevis, ful- prickly hairs, fig. 1. magn. Sheath ſhort, catus, lævis, margine membranaceâ, albidâ. grooved, ſmooth, the edge membranous and whitiſh. UMBELLÆ plures, univerſalis multiplex radiis feptem UMBELLS ſeveral, the general one compoſed of many ad duodecim, partialis breviſſima, conferta, rays from ſevento twelve; the partial one very radiis circiter duodecim. ſhort, the rays about twelve and cloſe. INVOLUCRUM univerſale polyphyllum, lineare, INVOLUCRUM: the general one compoſed of many breve, fæpe nullum; partiale fetaceum, lon- leaves, linear, ſhort, often wanting; the par- gitudine umbellulæ, aliquando nullum. Pe- tial one ſetaceous, the length of the ſmall um- rianthium proprium vix manifeftum. bell, often wanting. Partial Perianthium ſcarcely manifeft. COROLLA univerſalis uniformis, flofculi plerique fer-COROLLA: general Corolla uniform, moſt of the tiles; propria Petalis quinque, inflexo-cordatis flowers fertile; individual one compoſed of æqualibus. fig. 2. five Petals, heart-ſhaped, bent in at top, and equal. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque alba, fubulata, co-O STAMINA: five FILAMENTS of a white colour, taper- rolla longiora, decidua. ANTHER E fimplices, ing, longer than the corolla, deciduous. An- flaveſcentes. fig. 3. THER Æ ſimple and yellowiſh. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, inferum, viride. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblong, beneath the corolla, Styli duo albi, ſuberecti. STIGMATA obtuſa. of a green colour. STYLES two, white, fig. 4, 5; nearly upright. STIGMATA blunt. fig. 4, 5. SEMINA duo, oblongo-ovata, hinc convexa inde plana, SEEDS two, of an oblong-ovate ſhape, convex on one , , glabra, fubaromatica. fig. 6, 7 fide and flat on the other, ſmooth, and ſome- what aromatic. fig. 6, 7. Children are frequently in the practice of digging up and eating the knobby roots of this plant, which, by fome, are ſuppoſed to reſemble the cheſnut in its taſte, whence its name of Bulbocaſtanum. Pigs alſo ſeek for it with avidity, from which circumſtance it has alſo obtained the name of Pig-Nut. Few of our Umbelliferi have the characteriſtic marks which diſtinguiſh the Bunium; the principal of which are its knobbed root, and finely divided fennel-like leaves. The one which approaches the neareſt to it is the Oenanthe fiftuloſa, eſpecially when growing on ditch banks, where it is frequently thrown when the ditches are cleanſed, or when it is cultivated in gardens; the roots, in ſuch fituations, are ſo ſimilar to thoſe of the Bunium, as to deceive even good judges. The radical leaves of the plant are alſo finely divided; it would be no wonder, therefore, if they ſhould be miſtaken for the Earth-Nut. A paper was publiſhed, about a year ago, in one of the Magazines, the London, if I miſtake not, in which the roots of the Oenanthe crocata, well known for their poiſonous effects, were ſaid to have been eaten for thoſe of this plant. We ſuſpect, however, from various circumſtances, that they were the roots of the Oenanthe fiſtuloſa. It is our intention to make a more minute inquiry into this matter, and give our reaſons more at large for this fufpicion, when we figure that ſpecies. The Earth-Nut with us grows chiefly in woods, paſtures, and orchards, and flowers in June. . 273 7 n Bunium Bulbocastanum. 2 SNL OF pic Www 6 3 4 3 7 Cherophyllum sylvestre . GNIL OF mich CHÆROPHYLLUM SYLVESTRE. PARSLEY. COMMON Cow CHÆROPHYLLUM, Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA DIGYNÍA. Involucr. reflexum, concavum Petala inflexo-cordata. Frutius oblongus, lævis. Raii Syn. Gen. 11. UMBELLIFERÆ HERBE. CHÆROPHYLLUM Sylveſtre caule lævi ſtriato, geniculis tumidiuſculis. Lin. Sy?. Vegetab. p. 238. Sp. Pl. p. 369. Fl. Suec. n. 257, CEREFOLIUM foliis acute dentatis triplicato. pinnatis, glabris, nervis hirſutis. Hallë " Hift. n. CHÆROPHYLLUM Sylveſtre. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 366. MYRRHIS ſylveſtris ſeminibus lævibus. Bauhin. Pin. 170. CICUTARIA vulgaris. Dod Pempt. 701. MYRRHIS ſylveſtris. Parkinſon, 935. CICUTARIA alba Lugdunenſis. Ger. emac. 1038. Raii Syn: p. 207. Wild Chervil. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 124. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 167. 748. con- RADIX perennis, craffitie digiti intermedii , ad bafin ROOT perennial, the thickneſs of the middle finger, fæpius ramoſa, extus pallide fuſca, intus al- moſt commonly branching out from the baſe, bida, fuccum vix lacteum fundens. externally of a pale-brown colour, internally whitiſh, full of a juice which can ſcarcely be called milky. CAULIS bipedalis et ultra, erectus, craflitie digiti mi- STALK two feet high and upwards, upright, the thick- nimi, fiſtulofus, fulcatus, plerumque villoſus, neſs of the little finger, hollow, grooved, et fæpius purpurafcens, ramofus, geniculatus, generally villous, and moſt commonly purpliſh, geniculis paululum incraffatis; rami fuberecti, branched, jointed, joints fomewhat thickened; minus pubeſcentes. branches nearly upright, leſs hoary than the ſtalk. FOLIA radicalia multiplicato-pinnata, fæpe ampliſſima ; LEAVES next the root many times pinnated, often very Coſtä hirſutæ, fiſtulofæ, dorſo acute angulatæ, large; the Ribs hirſute, fiſtulous, forming a antice canaliculatæ, ortæque ex vagina brevi ſharp angle on the back, hollow in front, and ftriataque, pinnulæ lanceolatæ, acutæ, ferrato- ariſing from a ſhort ſtriated fheath, the ſmall incifæ, plerumque hirſutæ ; caulina et ramea pinnä lanceolate, pointed, deeply and irregu- ſucceſſive minora minuſque diviſa, cæterum larly ſerrated, generally hirſute, the leaves of fimilia, fuperiora fæpe oppofita aut terna cum the ſtalk and branches fucceffively ſmaller; and totidem ramis axillaribus. leſs divided, in other reſpects ſimilar, the up- per ones often oppoſite or growing three toge- ther, with as many axillary branches. UMBELLÆ planiuſculæ, nec denſæ, nec plantæ ratione UMBELLS Aattiſh, neither thick nor large for the fize amplæ, ante antheſin nutantes, radiis compo- of the plant, drooping before the expanfion of fitæ a feptem ad octodecim, gracilibus, tereti- the flowers, compoſed of ſeven to eighteen bus et glabris. radii, which are ſlender, round, and ſmooth. INVOLUCRUM univerſale nullum, partiale pentaphyl- INVOLUCRUM the general one wanting, the partial lum et ultra, foliolis acuminato-ovatis, co one compoſed of five leaves or more, which are cavis, glabris, ad oras fubciliatis, umbellulis ovate, pointed, hollow, ſmooth, ſomewhat duplo brevioribus, tandem reflexis. hairy on the edges, twice as ſhort as the ſmall umbells, finally turned back. FLORES inodori, pauci fteriles. FLOWERS fcentleſs, a few of them barren. COROLLA: PETALA plana, et obverſe ovata, albida, COROLLA: Petals flat, inverſely ovate, whitiſh, centralium flofculorum ſubæqualia, exteriorum thoſe of the central flowers nearly equal, but vero extimum majus, et ſubcordato emargina- the outermoſt of the outer ones largeſt, fome- tum. fig. 1, 2, 3. what heart-ſhaped and nicked. fig. 1, 2, 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque albida, brevia et STAMINA: FILAMENTS five, whitiſh, thort, and de- caduca. ANTHER Æ ſubrotundæ, didymæ, fla- ciduous. ANTHERÆ nearly round, double, veſcentes. fig. 4. and yellowiſh. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMen inferum, turbinatum, utrinque PISTILLUM: Germen placed beneath the corolla, compreſſiuſculum, lucidum; glandula nectari- broadeft at top, flattith on both fides, ſhining, fera coronatum. Styli duo, albi, parviufculi. crowned with a nectariferous gland. STYLES STIGMATA fimplicia. fig. 5, 6. two, white and ſmall. STIGMATA ſimple. fig. 5, 6. SEMINA duo, oblonga, antice fulcata, cæterum teretia, SEEDS two oblong, with a groove in the fore-part, lævia, nitida, nigricantia, inodora, fapore vix round, ſmooth, ſhining, blackiſh, without ſcent, and almoſt taſteleis. fig. 7. In many parts of the kingdom this plant is well known by the name of Cow-parſley, a term we adopt in preference to Cow-weed, or wild Chervil; the former being applicable to the Cow-parfnep alſo, and the latter more properly belonging to the Scandix Cerefolium and odorata. LINNÆUS's ſpecific character of this Chærophyllum is only applicable to the upper part of the plant: the lower part of the ſtalk, by which it is moſt obviouſly diſtinguiſhed, is ſtrongly grooved, and covered with numerous Thort hairs. It is one of the moſt common, as well as the earlieſt in bloſſom, of our umbelliferi, flowering in warm ſituations in April , and generally with us in May. It grows chiefly in orchards, paſtures, and under hedges. In fheltered ſituations it produces a large crop of early foliage ; hence it has been recommended by ſome writers on agriculture as worthy the attention of the Farmer, more efpecially as cows are ſaid to be fond of it. To rabbits it is a luxurious treat, as thoſe who keep them pretty generally know. In time of ſcarcity the young leaves, in ſome parts of the kingdom, are uſed as a pot-herb: the boiled roots are faid to have a poiſonous quality, perhaps without any foundation. LINNÆUS remarks, in his Flora Suecica, that its preſence indicates a fertile foil; and that its flowers are capable of communicating a yellow dye to woollen cloth. ullo. fig. 7. SITE MUUTO Cudoti une AC sil 257 6. 3. 8 Myosurus minimus. . N OF IV. M CHO MY O SUR US MINIMUS. MOUSE-TA I L. MYOSURUS Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus, bafi adnatus. Ne&aria 5 ſubulata, petaliformia. Sem. numeroſa. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLY SPERMÆ. MYOSURUS minimus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 254. Sp. Pl. p. 407. Fl. Suzc. n. 276. MYOSURUS. Haller. Hift. n. 1159. HOLOSTEO adfinis Cauda muris. Bauh. Pin. 190. CAUDA MURINA. Dod. Pempt. 112. RANUNCULUS gramineo folio, flore caudato, feminibus in capitulum fpicatum congeftis. Tournefort Inft. 293. MYOSUROS. Dillen. Nov. Gen. p. 108. t. 4. HOLOSTEUM Loniceri, Cauda muris vocatum. Park. 500. CAUDA MURIS. Gerard. emac. 426. Raii Syn. 251. Mouſe-tail. Lightfoot Fl. Scot.p. 179. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 136. a a RADIX annua, fibroſa. ROOT annual and fibrous, FOLIA, omnia radicalia, viginti circiter in plantâ mediæ LEAVES, all of them radical, about twenty in a plant magnitudinis, erecta, longitudine inæquali, of a middling ſize, upright, of unequal length, linearia, fuperne latiora, compreffa, utrinque linear, broadeſt at top, and flattened, faintly obſolete canaliculata, glabra, ſubcarnoſa, ob- channeled on each ſide, ſmooth, ſomewhat tufa, e flavo-viridia, baſi rubicunda. fleſhy, blunt, of a yellowiſh green colour, and reddiſh at the baſe. SCAPI quatuor, quinque, aut plures, uniflori, erecti, & FLOWERING-STEMS four, five, or more, each ſupport- bipollicares et ultra, foliis longiores, teretes, ing one flower, upright, two inches or more fuperne paulo craffiores, glabri. in length, longer than the leaves, round, ſmooth, and a little thickeſt at the top. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ob- CALYX: a PerianTHIUM of five leaves, the leaves longis, obtufis, concavis, herbaceis, patenti- oblong, obtufe, hollow, herbaceous, ſpreading. bus. Unguibus poftice elongatis, appreffis, . Claws lengthened out behind, prefled to the acuminatis. fig. 1, 2. flowering ſtem, and tapering to a point. fig. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, calyce breviora, minu- COROLLA : five Petals, ſhorter than the calyx, tiflima, flaveſcentia, unguiculata, limbo patente, very minute, of a yellowiſh colour, clawed, bafi ſubtubuloſa. fig. 3. auct. 5. the limb ſpreading, ſomewhat tubular at its baſe. fig. 3. magn. 5: STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, vel plura, longitu- STAMINA: FILAMENTS five or more, almoſt the dine fere calycis, receptaculo inſerta, fili- length of the calyx, fixed to the receptacle, formia, alba, erecta. Antheræ oblongæ, thread-ſhaped, white, upright. ANTHERE luteſcentes. fig. 4. oblong and yellowiſh. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germina numeroſa, receptaculo in for- PISTILLUM: Germina numerous, fitting on a re- mam conico-oblongam infidentia. Styli nulli. ceptacle, of an oblong, conic ſhape. STYLES STIGMATA minima, fimplicia. fig. 6. STIGMATA very ſmall and fimple. fig. 6. PERICARPIUM nullum. Receptaculum longiffimum, SEED-VESSEL none. Receptacle very long, ſtyle- ftyliforme, feminibus imbricatim difpofitis ſhaped, covered with ſeeds, laying one over tectum. fig. 7: another. fig. 7 SEMINA numeroſa, compreſſa, mucronata. fig. 8, 9. SEEDS numerous, flat, and pointed. fig. 8, 9. I, 2. none, a Some of the early Botaniſts gave to this plant the name of Mouſe-tail, more from the general appearance of the plant than any particular attention to generic character. Tournefort afterwards arranged it with the Ranunculi, DILLENIUS, not ſatisfied with ſuch arrangement, made a diftinct genus of it; which has been adopted by LINNÆUS. The ſtructure of the whole fructification is fingular, and deſerving the attention of the young Botaniſt; in particular, he ſhould be careful to diſtinguiſh the Corolla from the Stamina. This delicate little annual grows in corn and clover-fields, and by path-fides, eſpecially where water has been apt to ſtagnate. It is found about Iſlington, Paddington, and Pancraſs; but with more certainty in the fields about Dulwich, eſpecially on the right-hand-lide of Lordſvip-lane, near Dulwich Wood. It flowers in May and June, and ripens it ſeed in fuly and Auguft. AUOMI UMIHIMIN CON CU TO de bad pode Up o lot dalg erotto oltants TTTT DIJA 500 do istog bo DO Odontop NATIAHOROD dimana solib ** Tudo siloludutaan Toto smpaiun AT: MAC Mana la 5 dis olar dos Teretni mo. Ma obrtaldo-opio Colga ATA Manta Wattignol souliou USADIAT bost do boce bondiaudinimoto todo . Coronto Bora AVIIMES * to miesto vaisto vset to no2 01 unaoil soboto of motora hostisitaw button jod togatottsuit sowodos os Most od bio od zu destille Tavol bad woninmos wodi bisa wods bien dodane bootovolt So 288 Peplis Portula. ONE PEPLIŚ PORTULA. WATER PURSLANË. PEPLIS Lin. Gen. Pl. HEXANDRIÀ MONOGYNIA. Perianth. campanulatum: ore 2-fido. Petala 6, calyci inferta. Capf. 2-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 25. HERBÆ HEXAPETÁLÆ ET POLYPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. PEPLÍS Portula floribus apetalis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 283. Sp. Pl. p. 474. Fl. Suec. n. 311. PEPLİS petalis fenis, ſæpiſſime apetala: Haller. Hift. n. 8561 ALSINE paluſtris minor ſerpyllifolia. Bauh. pin. 120. ANAGALLIS Serpyllifolia aquatica. 1. B. III. p. 372. GLAUX aquatica folio fubrotundo. Loeſel. p. 106. ic. 20. GLAUX altera ſubrotundo folio. Boccone t. 84. Vaillant. Bot. par. t. 15. f. 5. GLAUCOIDES paluftre portulacæ folio, purpureo flore. Michel. p. 21. t. 18. PORTULA. Dillen. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 133. t. 7. ALSINE rotundifolia f. Portulaca aquatica. Ger. em. 614, ALSINE aquatica minor folio oblongo f. Portulaca aquatica. Park. 1260. Raii Syn. p. 368. Water Purflane. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. p. 147. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 187. . RADIX annua, fibroſa. IROOT annual and fibrous. CAULIS palmaris et ultra, tetragonus, repens, ramofus, STALK a hand's breadth or more in length, ſquare, lævis, rubicundus, geniculatus. creeping, branched, ſmooth and red. FOLIA oppofita, fubrotunda, petiolata, integerrima, LEAVES oppofite, roundiſh, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, glabra, nervo medio rubicundo. perfectly entire, ſmooth and ſhining, the mid- rib reddiſh. FLORES oppofiti, axillares, feffiles, minimi. FLOWERS oppoſite, in the alæ of the leaves, feffile and very ſmall. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, campanula- CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, bell-Shaped, tum, perſiſtens, maximum, ore duodecimfido, permanent, very large (in proportion to the denticulis alternis minoribus, reflexis. fig. 1. petals), the mouth cut into five ſegments, of which the alternate ones are leaſt and turned back. fig. i. COROLLA: PETALA raro fex, ovata, minutiffima, roſea, COROLLA: Petals ſeldom ſo many as fix, ovate, very calycis fauci inferta. fig. 2. ſmall, roſe-coloured, inſerted into the mouth of the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA : FILAMENTA fex, ſubulata, brevia. AN- STAMINA: fix FILAMENTs, tapering and ſhort. AN- THERÆ ſubrotundæ. fig: 3. THERÆ roundith. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum. Stylus breviffimus. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. STYLE very ſhort, STIGMA orbiculatum. fig. 4. STIGMA round. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA fubrotunda, bilocularis, SEED-VESSEL: a roundith CAPSULE of two cavities, tenuiffima, pellucida. fig. 5. extremely thin and pellucid. fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, minima, albida, angulata. fig. 6. SEEDS numerous, very minute, whitiſh and angular. a The numerous ſynonyms prefixed to the deſcription of this plant fhew in what a variety of lights it has been viewed by different Botaniſts. Thoſe of early times called it Alfine, as they did almoſt every plant whoſe parts of fructification were ſmall, and which bore the moſt diſtant fimilitude to Chick-weed. Micheli and Dillenius in their reſpective Nova Genera wrought much reformation in theſe minute plants; and if they did not arrive at the ultimatum of defcription and figure, they paved the way to it. The Peplis Portula is a very common plant in pools of water that are apt to be dried up in the ſummer, particu- larly on heaths. It flowers from June to Auguft. Its petals are very minute, and frequently fall ſhort of their proper number. и uата AJUTO дія DOMOM TE 7-stomatoloqu ατος του TAXε τη το 02 qilators and otros 322 agricost intilmoq LITT они Амья ionilla ціни аin fals ЗИГРА bition will que LADAVA 06 Soldautodit otot nost XUAD 81 solo obustardul 9 KUAD is is lot orologiog ilot contro smals BIOQUATO 1. о. А тіло Sophoclo 3VIA afstot? ogrodo lot toimittaVIGA 8. Arbogatenellus .. one TOUT tad strant ZICAL Studio CANLI is als JUAD ali ubrusdivs o abbat 2noqqo ALIOE and be sometim obnidos oibotos andig slinov imidi olmubogo alt 23 от bogado 3700 ZYX located derfont URATE : XY. 1/3 zona 3 20 ito auditontin tililosab AID І: А0702 AHOO lista osiatorin 2015 ban broll bas Sibodi * MULTA : OTTE borondii. Ата МЧУКОТ bull blog bidissipato nchisig AV anity bus didesnio 2013 mond, and localidad de voorzien older table bilder til ved be nila at o otube od na bumitato be farla aluminio ostavite da segist of violetta bon noqtalab looted Gb - mitoris ni au bon ed orgasm and tow to along wa 000 o to bolo del dan 1 223 Polygonum amphibrium . 1 OF Ich NIL POLYGONUM AMPHIBIUM. AMPHIBIOUS PERSICARIA. POLYGONUM Lin. Gen. Pl. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNÍA. Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sem. 1. angulatum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HERBÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALO POTIUS. POLYGONUM amphibium floribus pentandris femidigynis, ſpica ovata. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 312, Sp. Pl. 517. Fl. Sueč. n. 341. POLYGONUM foliis ovato lanceolatis ciliatis, fpicis ovatis. Haller Hift. n. 1565. POTAMOGETON ſalicis folio. Bauh. pin. 193. FONTALIS major longifolia. Parkinſ. 1254. POTAMOGITON anguſtifolium. Ger. emac. 821. PERSICARIA falicis folio perennis. Raii Syn. Perennial Willow-leaved Arſmart, commonly called narrow-leaved Pondweed. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 169. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 169. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 207. p Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 282. Threlkeld Syn. Stirp. Hibern. a RADIX perennis, repens, craflitie culmi triticei majoris, ROOT perennial, creeping, the thickneſs of a large e rubro-fuſca, ex hortis five agris difficillime wheaten ſtraw, of a reddiſh brown colour, eruta. with the greateſt difficulty rooted out of gar- dens or fields. CAULIS feſquipedalis et ultra, adſcendens, plerumque STALK a foot and a half or more in length, bending fimplex, teres, fiſtulofus, fæpius ruber, geni- upward, generally ſimple, round, hollow, moſt culis tumidiuſculis. commonly of a red colour, the joints a little ſwelled. FOLIA petiolata, cordato-lanceolata, hirſutula, ciliata, LEAVES ftanding on footitalks, lanceolate, with a rigidula, ſaturate viridia, fæpe maculata, ſub- heart-ſhaped baſe, flightly hirſute, edged with undulata, alterna, patentia. hairs, harth to the touch, of a deep green co- lour, often ſpotted, ſomewhat waved, alternate, and ſpreading STIPULÆ longæ, muticæ, hirſutæ, vaginantes, caulem STIPULÆ long, not fringed with hairs at the extre- arcte cingentes. mity, hirſute, forming a ſheath, which cloſely ſurrounds the ſtalk. PEDUNCULI ſolitarii, ſeu gemini, hirſuti, rubri, ad FLOWER-STALKS growing ſingly, or two together, unum latus comprefio-ſulcati, vix terminales. hirſute, red, on one ſide flattened, and flightly grooved, not properly terminal. SPICÆ ruberrimæ, primo pyramidales, demum ovatæ. SPIKES of the flowers of a bright red colour, at firſt pyramidal, afterwards ovate. CALYX : PeriANTHIUM pedicellatum, quinque-parti- CALYX: a PeriANTHIUM on a footſtalk, divided into tum, coloratum, perſiſtens, laciniis ovatis, five ſegments, coloured and permanent, the obtufis. fig. 1. ſegments ovate and obtuſe. fig. 1. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting, STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, aut ſex, fundo STAMINA : five Filaments inſerted into the bottom calycis inferta, fubulata, alba, calyce longiora ; of the calyx, tapering, white, longer than the ANTHERÆ didymæ ; POLLEN album, globo. calyx ; Antheræ double ; Pollen white and ſum. fig. 2. globular. fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, rubrum; Stylus PISTILLŮM: Germen ſomewhat ovate, and of a red ad medium uſque diviſus ; STIGMATA duo, colour ; STYLE divided as far as the middle ; rotunda. fig. 3 STIGMATA two, round. fig: 3. SEMEN ovatum, utrinque compreffum, acutum, niti- SEED ovate, flattened on each ſide, pointed, glofly, of dum, e nigro caſtaneum. fig. 4. a dark cheſnut colour. fg. 4. The ſpecies of Polygonum here figured acquires the name of amphibium from its growing both on land and in water; in ponds its leaves uſually float, whence the antient botaniſts, regardleſs of its fructification, improperly called it a Pondweed, thus CASPAR BAUHINE gives it the name of Potamogeton falicis folio ; Ray very properly corrects this error, and calls it Perſicaria Salicis folio perennis. Of the Perſicaria diviſion of the genus Polygonum Linnæi, this is the only one that has a perennial root, a cha- racter which at once diſtinguiſhes it as a ſpecies, beſides this it has many peculiarities, the leaves are heart-ſhaped at the baſe, with the edges fringed with hairs, they are alſo harſher to the touch than any of the other Perſicaria's, eſpecially when the plant grows out of the water, its ftipulæ more cloſely ſurround the ſtalk, which has gene- rally two ſpikes of flowers at its extremity, neither of which are perfectly terminal, theſe ſpikes are more pyra- midal when young, and of a brighter red colour than any of the ſpecies related to it; when it grows in the water the whole plant becomes ſmoother and is more diſpoſed to bloffom; botaniſts have alſo obſerved that the ſtamina, which when the plant grows on land are longer, are here ſhorter than the corolla *. As a weed few plants are more pernicious, Batterſea Fields, in which this plant abounds, bear fufficient teſti- many to the truth of this affertion, as its roots not only creep, but penetrate ſo deep into the earth that they are feldom or never eradicated; in the drier part of the fields it feldom flowers, but in certain ſpots, where the water has ſettled in wet ſeaſons, it flowers abundantly in September. From its bloſſoming thus rarely in arable land it fortunately is a more local plant than many of the fame genus, the feeds of which are either fown or introduced with manure. To atone for its miſchievous effects on land, it contributes highly to ornament ponds, rivers, and pieces of water ; thoſe who wiſh to cultivate it for this purpoſe need only plant the roots near the water's edge, the plants will quickly find their way into the water, where they muſt be ſecured from water-fowl, who are fond of its feeds. * This is by no means conſtant. Borace TORES *** E ay my 1 5 Polygonum (onvolvulus . 4 NIL OF Pic POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS. BUCK-WHE A T. CLIMBING POLYGONUM Lin. Gen. Pl. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sem. i. angulatum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HERBÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APET ÀLO POTIUS: POLYGONUM Convolvulus foliis cordatis, caule volubili angulato, floribus obtufatis. Lin. Syt. Vegetab P. 313. Sp. Pl. p. 522. Fl. Suec. n. 344. POLYGONUM caule volubili, foliis fagittatis. Haller. Hift. n. 1561. POLYGONUM Convolvulus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 469. CONVOLVULUS minor femine triangulo. Bauh. Pin. 295. HELXINE femine triangulo. IB. II. 157 . VOLUBILIS nigra. Ger. emac. 863. CONVOLVULUS minor Atriplicis folio. Park. 17i. FEGOPYRUM ſcandens fylveſtre. Raii Syn. p. 144. Black Bind-weed. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. tzs. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 208. RADIX annua, fibroſa, fuſca. ROOT annual, fibrous, of a brown colour. CAULIS volubilis, tortus, ramoſus, ramis alternis, fulcro STALK twining, twiſted, branched, branches alternate, deftitutus, procumbens, pedalis, id nactus circa when deſtitute of ſupport, procumbent and about calamos et fruticulos ſcandit fæpe ad altitudi- a foot in length, whe ngrowing about corn or nem uſque humanam. ſhrubs often reaching the height of ſix feet. FOLIA petiolata, fagittata, glabra, integerrima, inferne LEAVES ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, arrow-ſhaped, ſmooth, ſolitaria, fuperne bina et terna, inferioribus perfectly entire, on the lower part of the ſtalk frequenter coloratis. ſtanding ſingly, on the upper part two and three together, the lowermoſt often coloured. STIPULÆ parvæ, vaginantes, muticæ. STIPULÆ ſmall, forming a ſheath round the ſtalk. FLORES racemoſi , pedunculati, in faſciculos pendulos FLOWERS growing in racemi, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, difpofiti. and diſpoſed in petidulous cluſters. RACEMI longi, alterni. FLOWER-BRANCHES long, and alternate. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, perfiftens, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM divided into five fegments; laciniis tribus exterioribus majoribus, carinatis, and permanent, the three outermoſt fegments; viridibus, margine membranaceis, interioribus larger, keeled, green and membraious on the petaliformibus, coloratis. fig. 1. edge, the innermoſt petal-like and coloured. fig. 1. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA none. STAMINA: FILAMENTA octo, fundo calycis inſerta, STAMINA: eight FiLAMENTS fixed into the bottom of breviflima, ſubulata. ANTHERÆ purpureæ, the calyx, very ſhort and tapering. ANTHERÆ didymæ. fg. 3. purple, formed of two lobes. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN viride, triquetrum. STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN green, three-cornered. STYLE breviſlimus, ſtaminibus paulo brevior. STIGMA very ſhort, not quite ſo long as the ſtamina. capitatum, trilobum. fig. 4. STIGMA forming a little head, compoſed of three lobes. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM nullum, calyx ſemen continens. SEED-VESSEL none, the calyx containing the feed. SEMEN unicum, trigonum, nigerrimum. fig. 5. SEED a ſingle one, three-cornered, very black. fig: 5. Some of the ancient Botaniſts, inattentive to the fructification, arrange this plant with the Convolvuli or Bind- weeds. Ray calls it Fegopyrum ſcandens ſylveſtre, but retains the old Engliſh name of Black Bind-weed. LINNAUS claffes it with the Polygonum, or Knot-graſs, in which genus he alſo includes the Biſtorta, the Perſicaria, and the Fagopyrum; he could not, perhaps, ſcientifically have made more genera of them; yet nature, in all our Engliſh plants at leaſt, keeps up a ſtrong diſtinction between them, and as the old eſtabliſhed names of Biſtort, Perſicaria or Arſmart, Knot-grajs, and Buck-wheat, have no tendency in them to miſlead, we have thought it better, in the preſent inſtance , to continue their uſe, than to adopt the new-fangled names of Buck-wheat Knot-graſs , or Binding Snake-weed. In its fructification this plant is very fimilar to the Buck-wheat; but differs in having a twining ſtalk, with which it frequently twiſts round other plants, and proves injurious to them, eſpecially in gardens and cultivated fields, where it often grows extremely rampant; in poor land it is an humble plant. It flowers in fuly and Auguft. Its feeds afford excellent food for ſmall birds. One year I obſerved its foliage, together with that of the Paſſion Flower, very much eaten by the Ear-wig, a well known enemy to certain flowers, and no lefs deſtructive to Caterpillars, and which, like the Cock-roach, is principally active under the veil of night. но и оригоо АО На 266 ng 4 --7 -3 8--- Silene ^ anglica. OF HU MIG ONIL SILENE ANGLICA. ENGLISH CATCHFLY. SILENE Lin. Gen. Pl. DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Cal ventrícofus. Petala 5-unguiculata : coronata ad faucem. Capf . 3-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPET ALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. SILENE anglica hirfuta petalis emarginatis, floribus erectis, fructibus reflexis pedunculatis alternis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 350. Sp. Pl. 594. SILENÉ anglica hirſuta petalis fubintegerrimis, floribus ſubſpicatis pedunculatis alternis erectis, fructi- bus divaricato-reflexis. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 187. VISCAGO ceraſtii foliis vafculis pendulis Anglica. Dill. Elib. 417. 1. 309. f. 398. LYCHNIS fylveftris hirſuta annua, flore minore albo. Vaill. Parif. 121. 1. 16. f. 12. LYCHNIS ſylveſtris flore albo minimo. Raii Syn. p. 339. Small Corn Campion, with a very ſmall white flower. RADIX annua, fimplex. #ROOT annual and ſimple. CAULIS plerumque pedalis, et ultra, erectus, teres, hir- STALK about a foot or more in height, upright, futus, vifcidus, articulatus, geniculis tumidis, round, hirſute, viſcid, jointed, the joints ramoſus, in horto culta ramofior, debiliorque ſwelled, branched; cultivated in the garden, it evadit, et geniculi magis intumeſcunt. becomes more branched, weaker, and the joints more ſwelled. RAMI alterni, cauli ſimiles. BRANCHES alternate, like the ſtalk. FOLIA oppofita, connata, lanceolata, ſubundulata, in- LEAVES oppoſite, connate, lanceolate, ſomewhat waved, tegerrima, hirſutula, fubviſcida, punctis pro- entire, ſlightly hairy, and ſomewhat viſcid, minulis afperula, ad bafin pilis longis ciliata. roughiſh, with little prominent points, at the baſe edged with longer hairs. FLORES albidi, minimi, axillares, fubfpicati, pedun- FLOWERS whitiſh, very ſmall, growing from the alæ culati. of the leaves, forming a kind of ſpike, ſtand- ing on foot-ſtalks. PEDUNCULI variæ longitudinis unguiculares et polli- FLOWER-STALKS of various lengths, from half an cares, teretes, fuperne incraffati, viſcidi, primo inch to an inch, round, thickened upwards, erecti, dein reflexi, demum feminibus maturis viſcid, at firſt upright, afterwards turned down- ſuberecti. wards, finally, when the ſeeds are upright, becoming nearly upright. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulofum, CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, having quinquedentatum, dentibus apice rubris, ob- five teeth, which are red at the tips, oblong, longum, fulcis decem profunde exaratum, pilo- marked with ten deep grooves, hairy, viſcid, ſum, viſcidum, perſiſtens. fig. 1. and permanent. fig. I. COROLLA : PETALA quinque. Ungues anguſti, lon- COROLLA: five PETALS. Claws narrow, the length gitudine calycis. Lamina integra ſeu emargi- of the calyx. Lamina entire, or nicked, the nata, lateribus fæpe involutis, fquamula ad fides often rolled in, the ſcale at the baſe of baſin laminæ bifida, erecta. fig. 2. the lamina bifid and upright. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem, fubulata, alba, ad STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, tapering, white, hairy lentem hirſuta. ANTHERA oblongæ, bilobæ, when magnified. ANTHERÆ oblong, formed purpureæ. POLLEN album. fig. 3. of two lobes and purple. Pollen white. PISTILLUM: GERMEN viride, nitidum, ſubconicum ; $ PISTILLUM: GERMen green, ſhining, ſomewhat co- Styli tres, albi, erecti, villofi, germine bre- nical. STYLës three, white, upright, villous, viores. fig. 4, 5. Glandula nectarifera ad baſın ſhorter than the germen. fig. 4, 5. A nectari- germinis. fig. 6. ferous Gland at the baſe of the germen. fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: CAPSUL A ovata, calyce tecta, trilocu- SEED-VESSEL: an ovate Capsule, covered by the laris, apice ſexfariam dehiſcens. fig. 7. calyx, of three cavities, opening at top, with fix teeth. fig. 7: SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, reniformia, ad lentem SEEDS numerous, blackiſh, kidney-ſhaped, rough when aſpera. fig. 8. viewed with a magnifier. fig. 8. The preſent, though not a ſhewy plant, may be numbered among the more rare ones in the neighbourhood of London, as well as in many other parts of Great Britain ; nor does it appear to be common throughout Europe: yet, in particular ſpots, it is found in great plenty, as in the corn-fields about Coombe Wood. I have alſo ſeen it growing in great abundance in the corn-fields near Newport, in the Iſle of Wight. It flowers in July. DilleniuS gives a figure of it in his Hortus Elthamenfis, which is too diminutive : his character of vaſcula pendula is not too much to be depended on, ſince it frequently happens that they are not fo. fig. 3. 21 Патот на кои А оно или не audio bre TODAD odsto sto VOV VHOT B. VO TOO FLET GIẾT CHUNG togel AUAD TO SO THE ALIO teritoare reduta allo alto gradbs slunedi alte Wong sino di consistent dis 2017 0.13stusloa anibero sa NUOVUCIT, Gronismul cicimum balamba sed 02 rendab og bono oluttanto હો , ધ વો; SATRANO ding stabilitat Mouth MARAVIMAS Oddeldes nd MUNDET ADRID A2 odd y ddodd ho MODE OS S. 2000 slobodno 272 3 0-2 Arenaria trinerria. NIV OF LCH M ARENARIA TRINERVIA. PLANTAIN-LEAVED CHICKWEED. ARENARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DeCANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus, patens. Petala 5, integra. Capſ. 1, locularis, polyfperma. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPETALE VASCULIFERÆ. ARENARIA trinervia foliis ovatis acutis petiolatis nervofis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 353. Sp. Pl. p. 605. Fl. Suec. n. 397. ALSINE foliis ovato-lanceolatis, trinerviis. Haller. Hift. n. 878. ALSINE Plantaginis folio. I. B. III. 364. Raii Syn. p. 349. Plantain-leaved Chickweed. Huffon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 191. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 230. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 429. e RADIX annua, tenuiffima, fibroſa, albida. O ROOT annual, very flender, fibriſh, and whitiſh. CAULES plures, ſpithamæi, pedales, et ultra, debiles, STALKS ſeveral, aſpan, a foot, or more in length, weak, teretes, undique pubeſcentes, geniculati, ra- downy all round, jointed, and very much mofiffimi. branched. FOLIA oppofita, ovata, acuta, pallide viridia, trinervia, LEAVES oppofite, ovate, pointed, of a pale green co- integerrima, margine nerviſque minutim cilia- lour, three-ribb’d, entire, the edge and ribs tis, fupremis feffilibus, inferioribus petiolatis, finely fringed with hairs, the uppermoſt feffile, crebioribus, minoribus. the lowermoft ſtanding on foot-Italks, more numerous and ſmaller. PETIOLI ſubalati, marginibus pilofis. LEAF-STALKS ſomewhat winged, the edges hairy. FLORES alterni, folitarii, e dichotomia caulis. FLOWERS alternate, folitary, proceeding from the forking of the ſtalk. PEDUNCULI teretes, pubeſcentes, primo erecti , de- FLOWER-STALKS round, downy, at firſt ere&t, finally mum horizontaliter extenfi, apice fubinflexo, horizontally extended, the tip ſomewhat bent et paululum incraſſato. in, and a little thickened. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliis ovato-CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, which are acuminatis, carinatis, pubeſcentibus, corolla ovate, running out to a point, keeled, downy, longioribus. fig. 1. longer than the corolla. fig. 1. COROLLA: PetalA quinque, parva, alba, obovata, COROLLA: five Petals, ſmall, white, inverſely integra. fig. 2. ovate and entire. fig 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem, longitudine corollæ, & STAMINA: ten Filaments, the length of the co- alba, filiformia. ANTHER Æ minutæ, flavæ. rolla, white, filiform. ANTHER Æ very ſmall, fig. 3. and yellow. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum. Styli tres, longi- PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. STYLES three, the tudine germinis. STIGMATA obtuſiuſcula. length of the germen. STIGMATA bluntilh. fig. 4. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Capſula ſubconica, tecta, unilocu-SEED-VESSEL: a Capſule of a ſhape fomewhat conic, laris. covered by the calyx, and having one cavity. SEMINA plurima, fubreniformia, planiuſcula, glaber- SEEDS numerous, ſomewhat kidney-ſhaped, flattih, rima, nigra. very ſmooth, and black. a There exiſts a conſiderable fimilarity betwixt the preſent plant and the common Chickweed; the attentive obſerver will, however, find them to differ very materially. As a principal part of the profeſſed deſign of this work is to remove, as much as poſſible, every difficulty attending an inveſtigation of the Britiſh plants, we ſhall point out thoſe differences which have appeared to us the moſt ſtriking in comparing the two together. The common Chickweed, as its name imports, is found almoſt every where, as well in expoſed as in ſhady ſituations; this, on the contrary, is found with us only in woods, and on the ſhady banks furrounding them, and, compared with the other, may be conſidered rather as a ſcarce plant. The common Chickweed flowers in March and April; this produces its bloſſoms in May and Fune. The common Chickweed has a row of hairs running down each ſide of the ſtalk; this is uniformly covered with very ſhort hairs, ſcarcely difcernible. The former has a procumbent ſtalk; this grows erect. In the former the leaves are not diſtinguiſhed by any veins or ribs; this, on the contrary, has three ſtrong ones, which give them ſomewhat the appearance of thoſe of Plantain, whence its name. In the former the petals are bifid; in this they are entire, The feeds alſo afford another very ſtriking difference: in the common Chickweed they are brown and rough; while thoſe of the trinervia are black, perfectly ſmooth, and ſhining, We know of no particular uſe to which this diminutive plant is applicable. тида AIVAT ALTAVA IWON YOUTROS. ALAVISTA è tanging called a 207910 HS. TALDEA vausliiga seitsvo zitol susis ALIAMUA Tos 387 83. halogenoo artfolA LOS JII 11 montmail MIJA og ordbog LEO side sidste sans XIGASI XLOA LATES surasticatul UNO SUAS ilmoirages upbm19191 icotillom 09 margollobortiolaio do que VACUcivantsibiiy obiduan suso silogo AIJOY to edit bus sro adem buldigd - misanim opietoa ongts Tiggota atar till foretages atida homillas bogani slijede doel udaracutait endim stourelle look fotowol als .zodirogim cudiroidery Барпы орта vrind 29ubs ebaol ATAU itolig audinigtsme sido MIOITA ed motional Wor luso sim tolloib siistilo iniesls 2310 lado allisobat2WOLI-obersoalduq. IJUOVUdan isdawatta boste oxundul soids entstol made mu Doordinuos ostatnie 19 oleva TRALA savo atomi desting MUHTASI :XYDAD : Todos os Bogor ATIOACO odosts Ауст орлор А.Ата: А000 Stopup FLATS AN avevo MMU i but MUISSAOISTE clados A belix mo B tro Baba GETTIYHTISATIOBETASTAISIA ASIA АГАА to botanique consible on the hladu Decio Am @til it Bolestawrot borneo Findeparture OLED 2 de mot HVO-a hallinna HUO de comprobandono Baba obmonitori Brighton dichvy v 20. MUIHTVATTE eller MUIT and promotion 03atstekorang மான் bolood brez yo o stir also av DOHODA Hot stone novatiiv TVA AMINATE to ou TUOTTEITA or to that Esitlw be andytibrators SD MULISTES 172 ATAMORTS box brotinis ne CITATIT gayllod and word. Vo 20 yo on yd bazvao od 15.00 மார் con par und beqaritabilit rise trezornen Sisal mosna besimtotius bidvomidorami du bainoist vilen boningen both vib ni bus diddur gnome ev noonnoo vainik annog oth to mortos Liw i row to .313 orellow 10 studenti ODSTOJE si 200 too esi Ils ont didingai liboslal to malicom Design ARENARIA SERPYLLIFOLIA. THYME-LEAVED CHICKWEED. ARENARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus, patens. Petala 5 integra. Capſ. t-locularis, polyſperma. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPET ALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. ARENARIA ſerpyllifolia foliis fubovatis acutis feffilibus, corollis calyce brevioribus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. P. 353. Sp. Pl. p. 606. Fl. Suec. n. 398. STELLARIA ſerpyllifolia. Scopoli. Fl. Carn. n. 544. ALSINE foliis ovato-lanceolatis, fubhirſutis, petalis calyce brevioribus. Haller Hif. n. 875. n. ALSINE minor multicaulis. Bauh Pin. 250. ALSINE minima. Ger. emac. 612. Raii Syn. 349. The leaſt Chick-weed. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 191. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 230. RADIX annua, fibroſa, albida. *ROOT annual, fibrous, and whitiſh. CAULES plerumque plures, palmares, ſuberecti, teretes, STALKS for the moſt part numerous, about four inches pubeſcentes, geniculati, ut plurimum fimplices, high, nearly upright, round, downy, jointed, apice dichotomi, ramis bifidis. for the moſt part ſimple, dichotomous at top, branches bifid. FOLIA oppofita, ovata, acuta, feffilia, rigidula, hirſu- 1 LEAVES oppoſite, ovate, pointed, feffile, a little rigid tula, ad lentem ciliata, nervo medio fubtus and ſlightly hirſute, viſibly ciliated when mag- confpicuo, inferioribus crebrioribus. nified, the mid-rib conſpicuous on the under ſide, the lowermoſt leaves growing thickeſt together. FLORES albi, pedunculati. FLOWERS white, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks. PEDUNCULI teretes, foliis longiores, uniflori, e dicho- FLOWER-STALKS round, longer than the leaves, ſup- tomia caulis, ad unum latus inclinati, ſuberecti. porting one flower, proceeding from the fork- ing of the ſtalk, inclined to one ſide, and nearly upright. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis lance- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves, which are olatis, acuminatis, hirſutulis, carinatis. fig. 1. lanceolate, tapering to a point, ſomewhat hairy and keeled. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, alba, ovata, obtuſa, COROLLA : five petals, of a white colour, ovate, ob- calyce duplo fere breviora. fig. 2. tuſe, about half the length of the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem alba, capillaria, longi- STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, white, very fine, the tudine corolla. ANTHERÆ ſubrotundæ, albæ, length of the corolla. ANTHERÆ roundiſh and white. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN viride, fubrotundum. STYLI | PISTILLUM: GERMEN green, roundiſh. Styles three, tres, albi, filiformes reflexi. STIGMATA ſim- white, filiform and reflexed. STIGMATA finn- plicia. fig. 4. ple. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Capſula ovata, ſubventricoſa, tecta, SEED-VESSEL: an ovate Capſule, ſomewhat bellying unilocularis, apice quinquefariam feu fex out at bottom, covered by the calyx, of one fariam dehiſcens. fig. 5. cavity, opening at top, with five or fix teeth. SEMINA plurima, minima, reniformia, ad lentem lineis SEEDS numerous, very ſmall, kidney-ſhaped, beauti- inſculptis pulchre reticulata. fig. 6. fully reticulated with impreſſed lines, viſible when magnified. fig. 6. This plant, one of the leaſt of the genus Arenaria, is very common on walls, among rubbiſh, and in dry and barren places. It flowers in June. There is a neatneſs in it fufficient to recommend it as an ornamental plant for walls, rocks, &c. on which it will grow moſt readily. The rigidity of its ſtalks, and thyme-like form of its leaves, readily diſtinguiſh it from all its congenerse fig. 3• : fig. 5. 268 soset 0., Penaria serpyllifolia. SNI OF Bic 1 226 سیاه کریگا 4 2 Sedum serangulare). راد OF I 1( SEDUM SEX ANGULAR E. INSIPID STONECROP. SEDUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DecANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, . Cal, 5 fidus. Cor. 5 petala. Squama nectariferæ 5 ad bafin germinis. Caps. 5. 5 Raii Syn. Gen. 17. HERBÆ MULTISILIQUE SEU CORNICULATÆ. SEDUM ſexangulare foliis fubovatis adnato feffilibus gibbis erectiuſculis ſexfariam imbricatis. Lin Syft. Vegetab. p. 359, Spec. Plant. p. 620. Fl. Suecic. n 404. SEDUM foliis teretibus, ternatis ; caulibus fimplicibus trifidis. Haller. hift. n. 96 5. SEDUM ſexangulare. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 558. SEMPERVIVUM minus vermiculatum infipidum. Bauhin. pin. 284. SEDUM minimum luteum non acre. Bauhin. hift. 3. p. 695. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 1. p. 172. RADIX perennis, fibroſa. CAULES bafi repentes, floriferi erecti, tripollicares et ultra, teretes, glabri, punctati, inferne nudi, rubentes. FOLIA oblonga, carnofa, teretiufcula, obtuſa, erecto- patentia, fexfariam imbricata, prefertim ante floreſcentiam, rigidula, adnato-feffilia, in- , ferne rubentia, fuperne caulibus faltein flori- feris e flavo viridia, inſipida. CYMA plerumque trifida, floribus in fingulo ramulo tribus ad quinque, feffilibus. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis obtufis, carnoſis, baſi tenuioribus. ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALKS creeping at the baſe, thoſe which produce flowers about three inches or more in height, round, ſmooth, dotted, below naked and of a reddiſh colour. LEAVES oblong, fleſhy, roundiſh, obtuſe, upright, but bending a little outward, placed one over another in fix rows, eſpecially before the bloffoms open, ſomewhat rigid, feſfile, as if ſtuck to the ſtalk, thoſe on the lower part of the ſtem of a reddiſh colour, on the upper part yellowiſh, at leaſt on the flowering ſtalks, inſipid. CYMA generally divided into three branches, on each of which are placed from three to five flow- ers, without footſtalks. CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM divided into five ſegments, which are obtuſe, fleſhy, and fenderer at the baſe. COROLLA: five yellow PETALS, lance-ſhaped, acu- minated, 1preading, twice the length of the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, tapering, the length of the corolla ; ANTHERÆ roundiſh, and of a yellowiſh colour. fig. 3. 4. PISTILLUM : GERMINA five, upright, oblong, ter- minating in flender STYLES: STIGMATA fimple. fig. 5. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, flava, lanceolata, acu- minata, calyce duplo longiora, patentia. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem, ſubulata, longitu- dine corollæ; ANTHERÆ fubrotundæ, flavef- centes. fig. 3. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMINA quinque, erecta, oblonga, definentia in STYLOS tenuiores ; STIGMATA fimplicia. fig. 5. In Dillenius's edition of Ray's Synopſis this plant is omitted, and not conſidered even as a variety of the Sedum acre. Mr. Hudson, in the firſt edition of his Flora Anglica, introduced it as a diſtinct ſpecies, in which he followed the opinion of LINNÆUS ; in his laſt edition, without aſſigning any reaſon, he makes it a variety of the Sedum acre; HALLER, however, and SCOPOLI confirm LINNÆUS's opinion, and on ſuch authority we ſurely may differ from Mr. Hudson. The conſtant want of that biting taſte which gives the name of Wall Pepper to the Sedum acre, has been con- fidered by many of our Engliſh Botaniſts ſufficient to conſtitute this a diſtinct ſpecies; for though acrid plants may ſometimes become mild, as in the Hydropiper, yet inſtances of that kind very rarely occur, but it is not in its taſte alone that the ſexangulare differs from the acre, in its leaves we ſhall find a ſatisfactory difference, on comparing theſe together as they grow on the flowering ſtems of both plants, we find thoſe of the acre ſhort, broad at the baſe, and at a conſiderable diſtance afunder, vid. fig. 1. while thoſe of the ſexangulare are nearly of the fame thickneſs throughout, longer, and more numerous, vid. fig. 1. we may alſo add, that they are in general much redder, in the young ſhoots of the ſexangulare the leaves form fix rows or angles, which are ſometimes ſtraight and ſometimes oblique ; no traces of which are viſible in the acre; another circumſtance which adds fome weight to the foregoing is, that the acre flowers a fortnight ſooner than the ſexangulare; the parts of the fructification afford little or no difference, indeed a great ſameneſs in this reſpect runs through the whole genus. We find this plant growing plentifully on Greenwich-park-wall, the ſouth ſide, near the weſtern coruer. 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KNOTTED SPURREY. SPERGULA Lin. Gen. Pl. DecANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 integra. Capf. ovata, i-locularis, 5-valvis. 5 Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. SPERGULA nodoſa foliis oppoſitis fubulatis lævibus caulibus fimplicibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 363. Sp. Pl. p. 630. p ALSINE foliis ſuperioribus faſciculatis. Haller. Hift. n. 871. STELLARIA nodoſa. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 545. ALSINE nodoſa Germanica. Bauh. Pin. p. 251. ALSINE paluſtris, ericæ folio, polygonoides, articulis crebioribus, flore albo pulchello. Pluk. alm. 23. t. 7. fig. 4. SAXIFRAGA paluſtris Anglica. Park. 427. ALSINE paluftris foliis tenuiffimis, feu Saxifraga paluſtris Anglica. Ger. emac. 567. 568. Raii Syn. p. . 350. Engliſh Marſh-Saxifrage. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 203. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 244. RADIX perennis, fibroſa. *ROOT perennial and fibrous. CAULES ex una radice plures, palmares et ultra, nunc STALKS ſeveral from one root, four inches or more in procumbentes, nunc aſcendentes, poft floreſ- length, ſometimes procumbent, ſometimes centiam fæpe repentes, fimplices feu ramofi, nearly upright, after flowering often creeping, teretes, tenues, glabri, parce piloſi, pilis ad ſimple or branched, round, ſlender, ſmooth, lentem globuliferis, crebris geniculis intercepti, ſparingly haired, the hairs appearing globular geniculis tumidis. at top when magnified, having numerous joints which are ſwelled. FOLIA radicalia plurima, cæſpitoſa, læte virentia, line- LEAVES next the root numerous, forming a turf, of a aria, acuta, uncialia, ſubcarnoſa, glabra, cau- beautiful dark green colour, linear, pointed, lina inferiora paulo breviora, connata, ſuperiora about an inch in length, ſomewhat fleſhy, breviſſima, teretiufcula, faſciculata, ex alis ſmooth, the lowermoft ſtalk-leaves a little prolifera. longer than the radical ones, joined together at bottom, the uppermoſt ſtalk-leaves very ſhort, from their alæ producing ſmall tufts of leaves, the rudiments of branches. FLORES albi, delicatuli, in fummis caulibus et ramulis, #FLOWERS white, and delicate, ſitting on the tops of majores quam pro plantulæ modo. the ſtalks and branches, large in proportion to the ſize of the plant. PEDUNCULI erecti, femipollicares. FLOWER-STALKS upright, about half an inch in length CALYX: PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ob- CALYX: PeriANTHIUM compoſed of five leaves, which longis, concavis, ſubpiloſis, pilis ut in caule. are oblong, hollow, ſlightly hairy, the hairs fig. 1. like thoſe on the ſtalk. fig. 1. COROLLA : PETALA quinque, alba, calyce duplo COROLLA compoſed of five white petals, twice the longiora, ovato-rotundata, integerrima. fig. 2. length of the calyx, of a roundith egg-shape, perfectly entire. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem, ſubulata, alba, corollâ STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS tapering, white, ſhorter breviora. ANTHERÆ concolores, incumbentes, than the corolla. ANTHERÆ of the ſame colour, primo bilobæ, lobis oblongis, parallelis. fig. 3. lying acroſs the filament, at firſt compoſed of two oblong lobes parallel to each other. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen turbinatum. Styli quinque, PISTILLUM: GERMEN broad at bottom, narrow at top. filiformes, villoſuli, reflexi. STIGMATA fim- STYLES five, filiform, ſlightly villous and plicia, fig. 4. reflexed. STIGMATA ſimple. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA parva, ovata, calyce tecta, SEED-VESSEL: a ſmall ovate CAPSULE covered with unilocularis, quinquevalvis. the calyx, of one cavity and five valves. SEMINA plurima, minima, nigricantia. SEEDS numerous, very minute, of a blackiſh colour. The Spergula nodoſa recommends itſelf to our notice by the beauty of its verdure, and the delicacy of its bloſſoms; the largeneſs and whiteneſs of which, joined to its place of growth, ferve alſo to diſtinguiſh it from thoſe plants which may have ſome reſemblance to it in their foliage. It grows in moiſt fituations, frequently among herbage, and ſometimes out of Walls, Rocks, and Stones. I have obſerved it growing out of the wall by the Thames fide, in ſeveral places betwixt Lambeth and Putney. I have alſo found it on Hounlow Heath with the Sagina procumbens and Centunculus minimus. It flowers in July and Auguft. About London it is a ſcarce plant; but in the north of England it is very common on the borders of rivulets, and grows generally more upright than with us: a ſmall ſpecimen of it, in this ſtate, is repreſented on the plate. a 262 ཙ་ན་ Spergula nodos IND OF (CH. 139 6、 摩 ​「管​幾多 ​5. Spergula saginoides . w ONID OF SPERGULA SAGINOIDES. PEARLWORT SPURREY. SPERGULA Lin. Gen. Pl. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cal. 5 phyllus. Petala 5, integra. Capf. ovata, i-locularis, 5-valvis. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PENTAPETALE VASCULIFERÆ. SPERGULA ſaginoides foliis oppoſitis linearibus levibus, pedunculis folitariis longiffimis, caule repente, Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 363. Sp. Pl. 631. ALSINE tenuifolia pediculis florum longiffimis. Vaillant Botan. Paris, p. 8. a. 11. SPERGULA laricina foliis oppofitis fubulatis ciliatis fafciculatis, floribus pentandris. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 203 SPERGULA laricina. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 224. SAXIFRAGA graminea pufilla foliis brevioribus craffioribus et fueculentioribus. Raii Syn. p. 345? RADIX perennis, fibrofa. ROOT perennial and fibrous. CAULES ex una radice plures, pollicares aut bipolli- STALKS, ſeveral ariſe from one root, an inch or tivo cares, baſi procumbentes, et ut plurimum re- in length, procumbent, and generally creeping pentes, ramofi, teretes, pilis brevibus glandu- at bottom, branched, round, covered with liferis vix conſpicuis veſtiti. ſhort glandular hairs, ſcarcely viſible. FOLIA radicalia ſemipollicaria, linearia, acuta, mucrone LEAVES next the root about half an inch in length, albido terminata, ſaturate viridia, glabra, ſub- linear, ſharp and terminated by a whitiſh carnoſa, fuperne nuda, inferre et ad oras piloſa, point or briſtle, of a deep green colour, fome- pilis glanduliferis ; caulina breviora, connata, what ſhining, and rather fleſhy, on the upper planiufcula, fubfecunda. fig. 1. fide ſmooth, on the under fide, and at the edge, hairy, the hairs terminated by little glands, thoſe of the ſtalk thorter, growing together at the baſe, flattiſh, and tending ſome- what one way. fig. 1. PEDUNCULI ſuberecti, fimplices, pollicares et ultra, FLOWER-STALKS ſomewhat upright, fimple, an teretes, ex fufco purpurafcentes, apice nutantes. inch or more in length, round, of a browniſh purple colour, nodding at top. FLORES albi, pulchelli. FLOWERS white and pretty. CALYX : PerianTHIUM pentaphyllum, perſiſtens, fo- CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves, permanent, liolis ovato-oblongis, concavis, obtufis, viſci- the leaves oval, hollow, obtuſe, fomewhat dulis, margine membranaceis. fig. 2. viſcid, the edge membranous. fig. 2. COROLLA : PETALA quinque, alba, longitudine ca- COROLLA : five white PETALS, the length of the lycis, fubrotunda, integerrima, patentia. fig. 3. calyx, of a roundiſh ſhape, entire at the edge and ſpreading. fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque ad decem, fæpius STAMINA: FILAMENTS from five to ten, but moſt vero quinque, ſubulata, longitudine germinis ; commonly five, tapering, the length of the ANTHERÆ parvæ, luteæ. fig. 4. germen; ANTHER A ſmall and yellow. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum ; STYLI plerumque PISTILLUM: GERMEN inverſely ovate ; STYLES ge- quinque, filiformia, villofa, reflexa ; STIG- nerally five, thread-ſhaped, villous and turned MATA fimplicia. fig. 5. back; STIGMATA ſimple. fig. 5. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA uni-locularis, quinque- SEED-VESSEL: a CAPSULE of one cavity, and three valvis, calyci inſidens. valves fitting on the calyx. fig. 6. SEMINA plurima, minima, fuſca, ad lentem punctata. SEEDS numerous, very ſmall and brown, appearing fig. 7, 8. dotted when magnified. fig. 7, 8. We are led to conſider this plant as the Spergula ſaginoides of LINNÆUS, from its according exactly with a minute deſcription given of it by VAILLANT in his Botanicon Pariſienſe *, to which the former refers, and ſurely no name was ever more aptly applied, for did not its conſpicuous petals proclaim it, it might for ever have paſſed for the Sagina procumbens ; theſe lead us to the plant, and examination proves it to be a Spergula, inconſtant in- deed like many other plants in the number of its ſtamina. In its generic character this ſpecies of Spergula differs in number only from the Sagina procumbens, it agrees particularly with it in the form of its capſules, fize, and ſhape of its feeds, but two obvious ſpecific characters at once diſtinguish them, theſe are the ſize of the petals, and the peculiar hairineſs of the whole plant; in the Sagina procumbens the 'petals are very ſmall, being much ſhorter than the calyx, whence they are inconſpicuous; in the Spergula they are of the fame length as the calyx, and, when expanded, become very conſpicuous; the Sagina procumbens (which muſt not be confounded with the apetala LINNÆI) is ſmooth, while the Spergula has its ftalks, leaves, peduncles and calyx covered with ſhort hairs, having little globules at their extremities, and which are very diſtinguiſhable when magnified. It is not uncommon on Putney Heath, and in ſimilar ſituations about Coomb Wood, Surry ; Dr. GOODENOUGH diſcovered it plentifully on Bag Shot Heath, eſpecially on ſome banks thrown up on Potnell Warren, near the great Bog at Virginia Water ; Mr. LIGHTFOor ſhewed it me ſeveral years ago on Uxbridge Moor; and Mr. HUDSON mentions it as growing about Cobham and Eſher in Surry. It flowers from June to Auguſt. a * Cette plante a le port & les feuilles de l' Alfine minima flore fugaci. 7. R. H. mais elle s'eleve plus haut. Les tiges et les pedicules des fleurs font ordinairement brunes. Sa fleur n'a qu'environ 2 lignes de diamêtre. Elle eſt a 5 petales blancs, entiers ronds, qui ne debordent point le calice & qui ſont oppoſé a ſes cantons. Le piſtile eſt un petit bouton tirant ſur l'ovale, vert pâle, ſurmonté de 5 ftiles blancs, courts difpofi z en etoile, & entouré de 10 Etamines blanches ainſy que leurs ſommets. Ces Etamines n'ont pas une ligne de long. Le calice eſt parſemé de petits poils tres courts. Il eſt decoupé en etoil a 5 parties egales. Cette plante ne s'eleve que depuis 2 juſqu'a 4 pouces, elle pouffe ordinairement pluſieurs tiges de fa racine, leſquelles ſe couchent d'abord ſur la terre, & font droites dans le reft de leur longuer. Ses feuilles font liffes, vertes, roides, dures et reſemblent allez bien a celles du Knawel ou de l'Alfme minima flore fugaci. Elle commence a fleurir vers la fin de May & continue en Juin & Juillet. Elle ſe trouve dans les fiches qui font au de la St. Leger entre la foreſt et le Village de St. Lucien le long du chemin. Elle n'a que le gouft d'herbe. Son fruit s'ouvre ordinairement en 4 & quelque ois 5 lobes de la pointe vers la baſe & contient dans fa 5 cavité plufieurs ſemences noiraſtre tres menues. Botan. Par. p. 8, 9. a PROMOVIDAZUDT . edial audit enillogozhin AIUOTI it inilignol molt iloisg dildot M alla sinilio ibodat blogo lots ALDO co tratando ho androivaid a sig i ADATA silhug to POSTOT TOO nordne XIA no dus IATA logid salone het d2010 abona marsdotted dono 3-ban tudi letteratur ( od alebo ova ods ordeaza VASU oto si cogent AROT DO duit sudstybinis totd 10 to oliq antolino bambus noorte barcelona ob Tadban ole wo MATCWO 2 otada DATA: IGRO doro STO Outro toga poup stila mol code DO EUPHORBIA EXIGUA. SM À L SPURGE. EUPHORBIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Cor. 4 . 5-petala, calyci inſidens. Cal. 1-phyllus, ventricoſus. Capf. . 3-cocca. Raii Syn. Gen. 22. HERBÆ VASCULIFERÆ, FLORE TETRAPETALO ANOMALÆ. EUPHORBIA exigua umbella trifida : dichotoma : involucellis lanceolatis, foliis linearibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 375. Sp. Pl. p. 654. TITHYMALUS foliis linearibus, ftipulis lanceolatis ariſtatis. Haller Hift. n. 1048 TITHYMALUS five Efula exigua. Bauh. Pin. p. 295. ESULA exigua Tragi. Ger. emac. 502. TITHYMALUS leptophyllus. Parkinſ. 193. Rail Syn. 313. Dwarf Spurge, or ſmall annual Spurges Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 208. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 250. RADIX annua, fimplex, paucis fibrillis inſtructa. ROOT annual, ſimple, furniſhed with few fibres. CAULIS erectus, ramofus, folioſiſſimus, femipedalis. STALK upright, branched, very leafy, about fix inches high. RAMI plerumque inferiorem partem caulis tantummodo BRANCHES generally occupy the lower part of the occupant, oppoſiti, ſuberecti. ſtalk only, are oppoſite and nearly upright. FOLIA plurima, appreffa, linearia, obtufiuſcula. LEAVES numerous, preſſed to the ſtalk, linear, and ſomewhat obtuſe. UMBELLA trifida, interdum quadrifida, rarius quinque- UMBELL dividing into three branches, ſometimes four, fida, dichotoma. rarely five, thoſe forked. STIPULÆ Umbellæ lanceolato-lineares. STIPULÆ of the general Umbell of a ſhape betwixt lanceolate and linear. Umbellula ovato-oblongæ, acuminatæ, oppo- of the partial Umbell, of an oblong, ovate fitæ, fæpe inæquales. ſhape, running out to a point, oppoſite, and often irregular. CALYX glabra, perſiſtens. fig. 1. auct. CALYX ſmooth, and permanent. fig. 1. magnified. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting. NECTARIA quatuor, corniculata, fuſca. fig. 2, 3. NECTARIES four, of a browniſh colour, each fur- niſhed with two little horns. fig. 2, 3- STAMINA plerumque duo viſibilia ; Antheræ didy- STAMINA generally about two viſible; ANTHERÆ mæ. fig. 4. double. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubrotundum, petiolatum, nu- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh, ſtanding on a foot- tans ; Styli tres ; STIGMA bifidum. fig. 5,6. ſtalk, and drooping : STYLES three; STIGMA bifid. fig. 5, 6. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA tricocca, trilocularis. SEED-VESSEL, a Capſule with three prominent fides, and three cavities. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento, nigrum, ru- \ SEED: a ſingle one in each cavity, black, and wrinkledo gofum. This ſmall and delicate ſpecies of Spurge is often found in Corn-fields about London, eſpecially on the Surry ſide of the Thames, nor is it uncommon in many other parts of England. It flowers in July and Augufi . The Tithymalus ſegetum longifolius of Ray, conſidered by Profeffor MARTYN in his Plant. Cantab. as the Seget alis of LINNÆUS, has by ſome been thought to be no other than a large ſpecimen of this plant; Mr. HUDSON makes it a variety of the platyphyllos; ſuppoſing ſuch a plant as the fegetalis to exiſt, it cannot be a variety of the exigua becauſe it has rough Capſules, and its leaves are by far too narrow for the platyphyllos, vid. JACQUIN Fl. Auftr. V. 3. & 4. who figures them both, and confiders them as diſtinct ſpecies. 2015 Euphorbia exigua wa SNA OF 244 Clematus Vitalla . . UNL OF CH. M CLEMATIS VITALBA. TRAVELLER'S JOY . CLEMATIS Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cal. o. Petala 4. rarius 5. Sem. caudata, Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HERBA SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMÆ, CLEMATIS Vitalba foliis pinnatis : foliolis cordatis fcandentibus. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 426. Spec. Pl. 766. CLEMATIS caule fcandente, foliis pinnatis, ovato lanceolatis, petalis coriaceis. Haller Hit: n. 1142. CLEMATIS Vitalba. Scopoli Fl. Carn. p. 669. CLEMATIS fylveftris latifolia. Baub. Pin. 300. CLEMATIS latifolia feu Atragene quibuſdam. 7. B. II. 125. CLEMATIS fylveſtris latifolia feu Viorna. Parkinſ. 380, VIORNA Ger. emac. 886. Raii Syn. 258. Great Wild Climber, or Traveller's Joy. Hudſon Fl. Angli ed. 2. p. 238. CAULES plurimi, perennantes, ope petiolorum, fru- STALKS numerous, perennial, by means of the leaf- tices arboreſque vicinos, fcandentes; junioribus ſtalks climbing the adjoining thrubs and trees, hirſutulis, fexilibus, purpureis, nodis in- the younger ones flightly hirſute, flexible, craffatis ; per ætatem craflitie digiti feu polli- purple; the joints enlarged; by age attaining cis, profunde fulcatis, exalbidis, fruticofis. the thickness of the finger or thumb, deeply grooved, of a whitiſh colour and ſhrubby. FOLIA pinnata, oppoſita, patentia; pinnis duorum pa- LEAVES pinnated, oppoſite, ſpreading, the pinnæ con- rium cum impari, remotis, cordatis, ſubacu- fiſting of two pair with an odd one, heart- minatis, integris, ferratis, lobatifve, e viridi ſhaped, remote from each other, and running flaveſcentibus, nitidulis, ſubtus venoſis, out to a point, either entire, ſerrated, or lobed, of a yellowish green colour, fomewhat ſhining, and veiny on the under ſide. PETIOLI contorti, vicem cirrhi ſupplentes. LEAF-STALKS twiſted, anſwering the purpoſe of a tendril. RACEMI florales ex foliorum alis, conjugati, foliofi, FLOWERING-BRANCHES proceeding from the alæ ramoſi, trifidi, dichotomi. of the leaves, in pairs, leafy, branched, di- viding firſt into three, and then into two ſmaller branches. FLORES pallide fulphurei, odorati. FLOWERS of a pale fulphur colour, and ſweet-ſcented. CALYX nullus. CALYX none. COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, cruciata, oblonga, fube COROLLA: four Petals croſs-ſhaped, oblong, ſlightly marginata, patentia, fubrevoluta, villoſa, fu- nicked at the end, ſpreading, ſomewhat rolled perne pallide ſulphurea, inferne vireſcentia. back, villous, on the upper ſide of a pale ſul- fig. 1. phur colour, underneath greeniſh. fig. 1. STAMINA : FILAMENTA plurima, filiformia, fub- STAMINA: FILAMENTS numerous, filiform, fome- compreffa, alba, longitudine corollæ, erecta ; what flattened, white, the length of the ANTHERÆ oblongæ, albidæ. fig. 2. corolla, upright; ANTHER Æ oblong, whitiſh fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, minima, fubro- PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, very minute, tunda, compreffa, definentia in tot STYLOS roundiſh, flattened, terminating in as many fubulatos, fericeos, longitudine ftaminum; tapering, filky STYLES, the length of the STIGMATA fimplicia. fig. 3. ſtamina ; STIGMATA fimple. fig. 3. SEMINA plurima, nuda, ſubrotunda, compreffa, cau- SEEDS numerous, naked, roundith, flatten'd, and ter- minated by a long feathered tail. fig. 4. data. fig. 4. а The Clematis * Vitalba + is a very common plant in the more ſouthern parts of Europe, it delights in a ſituation that is elevated, and in a foil that is chalky, hence it is found more plentifully in ſome counties than in others ; it is not frequent very near London, but abounds in the hedges around Croydon, and may be found, though more ſparingly, about Charlton, alſo on the left hand ſide of the road leading from New-Croſs Turnpike to Lewiſham, near the ſpot where the Dipſacus pilofus grows : it flowers in Auguſt, and ornaments the hedges with its large branches of downy feeds till the approach of winter. Being a Climber, handſome both in its foliage and feeds, and rapid in its growth, it is often made uſe of for Arbours and Bowers in Gardens and Pleaſure-Grounds ; for this purpoſe young plants ſhould be choſen raiſed from ſeeds. This quality, which is an uſeful one under proper reſtrictions, often becomes a noxious one in hedges, where it is apt to ſuffocate and deſtroy thoſe trees and thrubs which are planted for defence, School-boys often dry the ſtems, when about the thickneſs of the finger, and draw ſmoke through them inſtead of cane. The Farmer alſo uſes the green ſtalks to faften his gates with, &c. Haller quotes ſeveral authorities to thew the Clematis poffeffed of confiderable acrimony, fufficient even to raiſe bliſters on the ſkin, for which purpoſe it has ſometimes been employed medicinally. A plant of the ſame genus, viz. Flammula fovis (Clematis recta Linnæi) has been introduced into the laſt edition of the Edinburg! Diſpenſatory, on the authority of Dr. Storck, who recommends the leaves to be externally applied, in fordid, ichorous, fungous, and cancerous ulcers, and caries of the bones; and preparations of them to be taken internally in the head-ach, nocturnal pains of the bones, venereal diſeaſe, itch and melancholy. * So called from xmua, farmentum, a vine twig. Hence in ſome parts of England the plant is called Old Man's beard. + Quafi Vitis alba, or white Vine. тоогоор RANUNCULUS REPENS. CREEPING CROWFOOT. RANUNCULUS Lin. Gen. Pl. POLY ANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 intra ungues poro mellifero. Sem. nuda. 5 Raii Syn. Gen. '15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMÆ. RANUNCULUS repens calycibus patulis, pedunculis fulcatis, ſtolonibus repentibus, foliis compofitis. Lin. Syſt . Vegetab. p. 430. Fl. Suec. n. 505. Sp. Pl. 779. RANUNCULUS caule repente radicato, foliis femitrilobatis, lobis petiolatis. Haller. Hift. 1173 RANUNCULUS repens. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 689. RANUNCULUS pratenſis repens hirſutus. Bauh. pin. 179. RANUNCULUS pratenfis repens. Parkinſ. 329. RANUNCULUS pratenfis etiamque hortenſis. Ger. emac. 951. Raii Syn. p. 247. Common creeping Crowfoot, or Butter-cups. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 240. Ligbifoot Fl. Scot. p. 292. RADIX plurimis fibris albentibus conſtat. ¥ ROOT conſiſts of numerous whitiſh fibres. CAULES ex una radice plerumque plures, pedales et STALKS generally ſeveral from one root, a foot or ultra, variæ magnitudinis, pro ratione loci, te- more in length, varying in fize according to retiufculi, hirſuti, repentes. the place of growth, roundith, beſet with rough hairs, and creeping, PETIOLI longi, hirſuti, ad baſın dilatati. LEAF-STALKS long, hairy and dilated at the baſe. FOLIA plerumque utrinque hirſuta etiam glabra oc- LEAVES generally hairy on both ſides (ſometimes they ( currunt) maculis albis ſubinde notata, trilo- are found ſmooth and ſhining) frequently bata, lobis petiolatis, bi et tripartitis, lobulis marked with white ſpots, compoſed of three acute dentatis. lobes, or ſmaller leaves which have footſtalks, theſe are divided into two or three ſegments, and ſharply notched. RAMI floriferi erecti, fæpius biflori. FLOWER-BRANCHES upright, generally ſupporting two flowers. PEDUNCNLI pubeſcentes, ftriati. FLOWER-STALKS downy and ſtriated. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves, which are concavis, patentibus, pilofis, flaveſcentibus, ovate, concave, ſpreading, hairy, yellowiſh, margine membranaceis, deciduis. fig. 1. membranous at the edge, and deciduous. fig. I. COROLLA : PETALA quinque, obcordata, patentia, & COROLLA: five Petals, inverſely heart-Shaped, PETALS flava, interne nitida. fig. 2. ſpreading, yellow, ſhining on the inſide. fig. 2. NECTARIUM: Squamula parva, rotundata, ad bafin NECTARY a ſmall roundiſh Scale at the baſe of each cujuſvis petali. fig. 3. petal. fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA plurima, ultra triginta, re- STAMINA: FILAMENTs numerous, upwards of thirty, ceptaculo inſerta, apice paululum dilatata; AN- inſerted into the receptacle, dilated a little at THER Æ olongo-lineares, compreffæ, incurvatæ, top; ANTHERÆ oblong and ſomewhat linear, flavæ. fig. 4. flattened, bent inward, and yellow. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMINA plurima, in capitulum col- PISTILLUM: GERMINA numerous, collected into a lecta, compreſſa, erecta; Stylis brevibus, Jittle head, flattened and upright; terminated acuminatis, apice reflexis terminati ; Stig- by ſhort, pointed Styles, which turn back MATA fimplicia. fig. 5. at top, STIGMATA fimple. fig. 5. SEMEN compreffum, læve, mucronatum. fig. 6. * SEED flat, ſmooth, with a ſmall point. fig. 6. The Ranunculus bulbofus is a very noxious plant in dry paſtures, as the acris is in the moiſt, and ſome of the beft meadows about town; but where the repens abounds, it is more miſchievous than either of thoſe, and it is a plant fo general in its growth, that few meadows or paſtures are entirely free from it; it differs from the other two Crowfoots, in having ſtalks which run along the ground, and at every joint ſending forth roots, and being a plant that will thrive in almoſt any foil, it is very apt to become the principal plant of the paſturage, to the great detriment of the farmer, as cattle in general have the greateſt averſion to the Crowfoots. From the aſtoniſhing diverſity of ſoil and ſituation in which this plant is found, the varieties which it affumes are almoſt endleſs; by the Thames fide it will grow three or four feet high, with a ſtem nearly as large as one's thumb; in barren, gravelly fields, it is entirely procumbent, with a ſtalk not larger than a ſmall wheat ftraw, but in all its various ſtates I have ever found it to have a creeping ſtalk, and this is a character which it does not loſe by cultivation. HALLER, milled by his pupil WILLICH*, who fince has retracted his error, ſuſpected it to be a variety of the bulboſus, but the bulbofiis was never known to creep, this does wherever its ſtalk can touch the ground. Its principal time of flowering is in the month of June, but it may be found in bloffom during moſt of the remaining ſummer months. Like the acris and bulbofus it is ſometimes found double, but more rarely. * XXXV Ranunculum bulbofum non in repentem mutari, ut in Obſervationibus Botanicis a. 1747. p. 4. fcripferam, nuperiores obſervationes do- cuerunt. Utraque planta diverſitates ſuas conſtantes retinet, ab ILL. LINNAO nominibus ſpecificis optime expreffas. Obſervat, de plant. quibuſda Gotting. 1762. 211 B Ee 2.. 2 Ranunculus repons .../ 美 ​Sansom Souls N W CEVATI YvI 2015 ASTRICH 2U JUOMUVAI гол - AVTOYOTPADOMAVIOS 11.2. ULIUOVUVASI pougou want see aliyelasa ng Basal sono instaladoliaetorde attonUVA eotul 2095519h eigisups ORUVAS son no aromodno mrtoluvit 201obert BUINOVUVAA 008 Sole essay al maps UOMUVAS op bel2UUOMUVAA zudis also stato il cups SULIUOVUVAS lot CITOO .ba ibidi bilan AS mish obro imela PTAD emprunglassfolis ARIOT lon bo Stond aloitz TUOTTEET avioita ona die iving 2015 at supa STRO TOD ਹ upp IATA ol Esco GS to som moment de to be je RANUNCULUS HEDERACEUS. IVY-LEAVED CROWFOOT. RANUNCULUS Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 intra ungues poro mellifero. Sem. nuda. 5 Raiï Syn. Gen. 15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMÆ. RANUNCULUS hederaceus foliis fubrotundis trilobis integerrimis, caule repente. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 431. Spec. Pl. p. 781. RANUNCULUS aquaticus hederaceus luteus. Bauh. Pin. 180. RANUNCULUS hederaceus rivulorum fe extendens, atra macula notatus. 1. B. III, 782. RANUNCULI aquatilis varietas altera. Ger. emac. 830. RANUNCULUS hederaceus aquaticus. Park. 1216. . RANUNCULUS aquatilis hederaceus albus. Raii. Syn. p. 249. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 243. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 294. Oeder Fl. Dan. ic. 219. RADICES plurimi, fimplices, albidi, in limum pro- ROOTS numerous, fimple, whitiſh, penetrating deeply , funde demiffi. into the mud. 0 CAULES plurimi, teretes, ſolidi, geniculati, craffiuf- STALKS numerous, round, ſolid, jointed, thickiſh, culi, repentes, late diffuſi. creeping, ſpreading wide. FOLIA petiolata, plerumque quinquelobata, fubcar- LEAVES ftanding on foot-ſtalks, generally divided noſa, nitida, avenia. into five lobes, ſomewhat fleſhy, ſhining, and veinleſs. PETIOLI ad baſin vaginâ magna, membranacea, in- LEAF-STALKS at the baſe furniſhed with a large ſtructi. membranous ſheath. 0 PEDUNCULI axillares, petiolis breviores, uniflori, FLOWER-STALKS proceeding from the alæ of the primo erecti, peractâ floreſcentiâ verſus ter- leaves ſhorter than the leaf-ſtalks, fupporting ram recurvati. one bloſſom, at firſt upright, after the flower- ing is over, turned back towards the ground. FLORES parvi, albi. FLOWERS ſmall and white. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves, which are ovatis, margine membranaceis, flaveſcenti- ovate, membranous and yellowiſh at the bus, fig. 1. edges, fig. 1. COROLLA: PeTALA quinque, alba, oblonga, obtu- COROLLA: five white Petals of an oblong ſhape, fiufcula, calyce longiora, fig. 2. ſomewhat obtuſe, and larger than the calyx, fig. 2. NECTARIUM: Porus nudus prope baſin cujuſvis NECTARY: a naked Pore at the baſe of each petal, petali, fig. 3. fig. 3 STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque ad decem. An- STAMINA: FILAMENTS from five to ten. AN- THERÆ oblongæ, flavæ, fig. 4. THERÆ oblong and yellow, fig. 4. SEMINA plurima, obtuſa, fig. 5. in capitula fubro- SEEDS numerous, blunt, fig. 5. crouded together in tunda, viciæ vulgaris magnitudine fere, denſe roundiſh heads, about the ſize of the com- ftipata. mon tare. Neither LINNÆUS, HALLER, nor SCOPOLI, mention this plant in their reſpective Floras. Oeder figures it in the Flora Danica : the plant he gives us appears as if it had grown in water of ſome depth ; with us it is moſt commonly found ſpreading widely on the mud of flow ſhallow rivulets, eſpecially where the foil is ſandy . It flowers during moſt of the ſummer months. We ſometimes meet with the leaves having a dark ſpot in the middle of each, and in ſome ſituations the bloſſoms are much larger than in others. 247 . Ranunculus hederaceus INIZ 223 3 3 .+??? 9 8 a Ca Galobdolen Galopsis SNL OF mo GALEOBDOLON GALEOPSIS. GALEOPSIS. YELLOW ARCHANGEL. GALEOBDOLON Hudſon Fl. Angl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. GALEOBDOLON luteum. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 258. GALEOPSIS Galeobdolon verticillis fexfloris; involucro tetraphyllo. Lin. Syt. Vegetab. p. 446. Spec. Pl. p. 810. CARDIACA foliis petiolatis, cordatis, verticillis foliofis. Haller. Hift. 275. LEONURUS Galeobdolon. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 705. LAMIUM folio oblongo luteum. Bauh. Pin. 231. Lamium luteum. Ger. emac. 671. Parkinſ . 606. Raii Syn. p. 240. Yellow Archangel or Dead Nettle. GALEOPSIS Galeobdolon. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 310. 0 : RADIX perennis, inæqualis, fibras plurimas, majuf- ROOT perennial, irregular, ſending down ſeveral culas, in terram demittens. largiſh fibres. CAULES plures, tetragoni, hirſutuli , floriferi fub- STALKS ſeveral, four-cornered, ſomewhat hirfute; ereai, pedales feu bipedales, ſteriles peractâ thoſe producing flowers nearly upright, a foot floreſcentiâ, in longum extenduntur, et poftea or two feet high; thoſe deſtitute of bloſſoms, humi repent. after the flowering is over, are extended to a great length, and afterwards creep on the ground. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, hirſutula, inæqualiter fer- LEAVES oppoſite, ftanding on foot-ſtalks, ſlightly rata, venoſa, inferioribus cordatis, fuperio- hirſute, unevenly ferrated, and veiny; the ribus ovatis, acutis, feffilibus. lower ones heart-ſhaped, the upper ones ovate, pointed, and feffile. FLORES verticillati, lutei. FLOWERS growing in whirls, of a yellow colour. VERTICILLI fex, decem aut duodecim flori. O WHIRLS containing from fix to ten or twelve flowers. CALYX : Involucrum verticillis ſubjectum, foliolis tot CALYX : an Involucrum placed under the whirls, quot floribus, linearibus, acutis, rigidulis, compoſed of as many leaves as there are ad lentem ciliatis, fig. 2. flowers, the leaves linear, pointed, fomewhat rigid, when magnified fringed at the edge, fig. 2. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, fubcampa- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, fomewhat : : nulatum, quinquedentatum, hirſutulum, li- bell-ſhaped, having five teeth, ſlightly hir- neis decem elevatis notatum, alternis obſo- fute, marked with ten elevated lines, alter- letis, dentibus fubæqualibus, acuminatis, fu- nately fainteft, the teeth nearly equal, having periore erecto, diftanti, duobus inferioribus long points, the uppermoſt upright and at a reflexopatulis, fig. 1. diſtance from the reſt ; the two lowermoft ſpreading open and turned fomewhat back, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens ; tubus calyce paulo 8 COROLLA monopetalous and ringent; tube a little longior, intus purpureus et piloſus; labium longer than the calyx, purple and hairy fuperius erectum, longum, fornicatum, vil- within ; upper lip upright, long, arched, vil- lofum, villifque ciliatum ; inferius trifidum, lous, and edged with woolly hairs; the lower- laciniis inæqualibus, maculatis, mediâ pro- molt divided into three unequal ſegments ductiore, fig. 3, 4. which are ſpotted, the middle one longeſt, fig. 3, 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, fubulata, flava, STAMINA: four FILAMENTS tapering, of a yellow fub labio fuperiore. ANTHER Æ bilobæ, pur- colour, under the upper lip. ANTHERE purafcentes. POLLEN albidum, fig. 5,6. compoſed of two lobes and purpliſh. POLLEN whitiſh, fig. 5, 6. PISTILLUM: GERMEN quadripartitum. STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN divided into four parts. filiformis, purpureus. STIGMA bifidum, STYLE filiform and purple. STIGMA bifid acutum, fig. 7 and pointed, fig. 7. SEMINA quatuor, e fuſco nigricantia, nitidula, tri- • SEEDS four, of a browniſh black colour, fomewhat quetra, apice truncata in fundo calycis, ſhining, three-cornered, cut off at top, re- maining in the bottom of the calyx, fig. 9. ; a fig. 9 a Linnæus, though he enumerates this plant with the Galeopſis tribe, ſeems to think it not perfe&ly recon- cileable with the reſt. HALLER and SCOPOLI diſagree in their opinions reſpecting it; the one conſidering it as a Cardiaca, the other as a Leonurus. Mr. Hudson, whom we have followed in this inſtance, in the laſt edition of his Flora Anglica, makes a ſeparate genus of it under the name of Galeobdolon ; we adopt the trivial name of Galeopſis inſtead of luteum, with a view of making as little innovation as poſſible in names. It is always found in woods and ſhady places. In ſome parts of England it is frequent, but not in others : we find it tolerably plentiful in Charlton, and ſome other Woods about town, flowering in May and June. The foliage is ſometimes variegated, in which ſtate I have obſerved it make a beautiful appearance in a garden. In cultivating this, as well as all other plants, attention ſhould be paid to their natural place of growth. JOGO stoldogo AJOT isto audis DROIT COM 246 4 Itachys arvensis NIV CH mia STACHYS ARVENSIS. CORN STACH Y S. STACHYS Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Corolla lab. ſuper. fornicatum, lab. inferius lateribus reflexum: intermedia majore emarginata. Stamina deflorata verſus latera reflexa. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. STACHYS arvenſis verticillis fexfloris, foliis obtuſis nudiufculis, corollis longitudine calycis, caulo debili, Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 448. Sp. Pl. p. 814. GLECOMA arvenſis. Lin. Fl. Suec. 1). 512. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 1. p. 224. upright Ground-ivy. TRIXAGO 'foliis ovatis, cordatis, rotunde dentatis, hirſutis. Haller. Hif. n. 231. SIDERITIS alfines trixaginis folio. B. Pin. 233. SIDERITIS hederulæ folio Park, 587. SIDERITIS humilis lato obtuſo folio. Gerard. emac. 699. STACHYS arvenſis minima. Riv. Irr. Mon. icon. Raii Syn. p. 242. Hudſon Fi. Angl. ed. 2. p. 260. Corn Stachys. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 314. petty Iron-wort or All-heal. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 587 RADIX annua, fibroſa. ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULIS fpithamæus feu pedalis, inter ſegetes, ubi nobif- STALK a ſpan or a foot in height, among the corn cum fæpius invenitur, erectus (procumbens ſeu where it is generally found with us upright, debilis rarius obſervatur) ramofus, tetragonus, (it is more rarely found weak or procumbent), hirſutus. Rami alterni, oppofiti. branched, four cornered, hirſute. Branches alternately oppoſite. FOLIA oppoſita, petiolata, ovato-cordata, obtuſa, ve- LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, ovate, with noſa, hirſuta, obtuſe ſerrata, ſumma feffilia. an heart-ſhaped baſe, obtufe, veiny, hirſute, bluntly ferrated, the uppermoſt ones feffile. FLORES parvi, carnei, verticillati, ſpicati. FLOWERS ſmall, fleſh-coloured, growing in whirls, and forming a ſpike. VERTICILLI circiter ſexflori. WHIRLS containing fix flowers in each. CALYX: PeriANTHIUM quinque-dentatum, perſiſtens, CALYX : PERIANTHIUM with five teeth, permanent, patens, hirſutum. fig: J. projecting horizontally, and hairy. fig. 1. COROLLA ringens, parva, calyce paulo longior, pal- COROLLA ringent, ſmall, a little longer than the lide purpurea, labio ſuperiore breviore, obtuſo, calyx, of a pale purple colour, the upper lip integro, inferiore trifido, laciniis lateralibus bre- ſhort, blunt, and entire; the lower one divided vioribus, media majori, rotundata. fig. 2. into three ſegments, of which the two fide ones are the ſhorteſt, the middle one large and roundiſh. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, quorum duo bre- STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, two of which are viora, inferne alba, fuperne purpurea; An- ſhorter than the reſt, white below, and purple THERÆ nigricantes ; POLLEN flavum. fig. 3. above; ANTHER Æ blackiſh; Pollen yellow, PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum, viride. STY- PISTILLUM: Germen divided into four parts, of a Lus longitudine ſtaminum. STIGMA bifidum, green colour. Style the length of the ſta- acutum. fig. 4. mina. STIGMA bifid and pointed. fig. 4. SEMINA quatuor intra calycem, vireſcentia, nigro SEEDS four within the calyx, of a greeniſh colour, punctata. fig. 5. dotted with black. fig. 5. Botaniſts, both ancient and modern, ſeem to have been at a loſs with what genus of plants they ſhould claſs this ſmall inhabitant of our Corn-fields. At various times, and by various authors, it has been called a Sideritis, a Lamium, a Marrubiaftrum, a Glechoma, a Stachys, and a Trixago. It appears neither to poffeſs the ſtriking characters of any other genus, nor to afford ſufficient diſtinction to form a genus by itſelf. As a ſpecies, however, there is no difficulty about it; its place of growth, the ſmallneſs of its flowers, and form of its leaves, obviouſly diſtinguish it from any other Engliſh plant. It is not uncommon in the Corn-fields about the Oak of Honour and Coomb Woods, and elſewhere about London ; it flowers in June, July, and Auguft. fig: 3: T 229 6 2. 8.- 5 4.- 7. Prunella vulgaris NIL OF I PRUNELLA VULGARIS. SELF-HEAL. PRUNELLA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Filamenta bifurca: altero apice antherifero. Stigma bifidum. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. PRUNELLA vulgaris foliis omnibus ovato-oblongis ferratis petiolatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 458. Sp. Pl. 837. Fl. Suec. 540. BRUNELLA foliis ovatis oblongis calycibus fuperne truncatis. Haller. Hij. n. 277. BRUNELLA vulgaris. Scopoli Fl. Carn. 715. PRUNELLA major folio non diffecto. Bauh. pin. 260. PRUNELLA Gerard. emac. 631. PRUNELLA vulgaris. Parkinſ. 1680. Raii Syn. p. 238. Common Self-heal. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 264. Ligbifoot Flor. Scot. p. 321. a RADIX annua, fibroſiſſima, ROOT annual, and exceedingly fibrous. CAULIS dodrantalis, pedalis et ultra, erectus, ad baſın STALK from half a foot, to a foot or more in height, uſque ramofus, geniculatus, geniculis inferiori- upright, branched quite down to the bottom, bus radicantibus, fubquadratus, utrinque canali- jointed, the lowermoſt joints ſending down culatus, hirſutus, purpurafcens. roots, ſomewhat ſquare, with a deep groove on each fide, rough and purpliſh. RAMI cauli fimiles, adſcendentes, alterne oppofiti, infe- BRANCHES like the ſtalk, bending upward, alternately rioribus longioribus. oppoſite, the lower ones longeſt. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, plana, patentia, punctis LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on footitalks, ovate, flat, prominulis fcabriuſcula, obſolete dentata po- ſpreading, rough with little prominent points, tius quam ferrata. faintly indented on the edge, rather than ſawed. PETIOLI fuperne canaliculati, marginibus hirſutis. LEAF-STALKS hollow above, and hairy on the edges. SPICÆ terminales, feffiles, fubcylindricæ, pollicares, SPIKES terminal, feffile, ſomewhat cylindrical, about an truncatæ, & floribus verticillatis breviter pedi- inch in length, as if cut off at top, compoſed of cellatis et bractæis conſtantes. floral leaves and flowers ſtanding on ſhort foot- ſtalks. BRACTEÆ cordatæ, latæ, acuminatæ, fubdiaphanæ, FLORAL-LEAVES heartſhaped, broad and pointed, venofæ, ciliatæ, fubtus hirſutæ, fupra glabræ. ſomewhat tranſparent, veiny, edged with hairs, hirſute on the under fide, Imooth and ſhining above. VERTICILLI ſexflori. WHIRLS fix flowers in each. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tubulatum, bra&tæis paulo CALYX: a tubular PERIANTHIUM, ſomewhat longer longius, biangulatum, fupra glabrum, triner- than the floral-leaves, angular on each fide, veum, fubtus ſtriatum, angulis ciliatis, bilabia- ſmooth above, with three faint ribs, ſtriated be- tum; labio ſuperiore depreffo-plano, truncato, low, the angles edged with hairs, compoſed of crenato, minutim tridentato, lateribus planis, two lips, the uppermoſt of which is flat, and inferiore anguſtiore, bifido, laciniis acuminatis. fomewhat depreſſed, cut off at top, terminated fig. 1. by three ſmall teeth, the fides flat, the lower lip narrower, bifid, the ſegments long and pointed. fig. 1. COROLLA violacea, caduca, monopetala, ringens, pars COROLLA of a violet colour, eaſily falling, monopeta- tubuloſa calyce paulo longior, labium fuperius lous and ringent, the tubular part a little longer concavum, integrum, fuperne villoſum, infe- than the calyx, the upper lip hollow, entire, rius trifidum, laciniis lateralibus integris, de- and villous above, the lower lip divided into flexis, intermedia erecta, rotundata, denticulata. three ſegments, of which the fide-ones are fig. 2. entire and bend downward, the middle one up- right, round, and finely toothed. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, ſubulata, violacea, STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, tapering, of a violet co- bifurca, quorum duo breviora ; ANTHERÆ bi- lour, forked at top, of which two are longer lobæ, lobis divergentibus, furcâ interiore infi- than the others; ANTHERÆ compoſed of two dentes. fig. 3. lobes, which diverge and fit on the inner fork. PISTILLUM: GERMEN quadripartitum, glandulâ cre- PISTILLUM: GErmen divided into four sarts, fur- natâ cinctum ; STYLUS filiformis, longitu- rounded by a notched gland; STYLE filiform, dine ftaminum ; STIGMA bifidum, acutum. the length of the ſtamina ; STIGMA bifid and fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, pointed. fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, SEMINA quatuor, ovata, parva, obtufe angulata, glabra, SEEDS four, ovate, ſmall, obtuſely angular, ſmooth, fuſca, mucrone albo terminata. fig. 8. brown, and terminated by a white point. fig. 8. In many of the natural claffes of plants, the ſeveral genera approximate ſo much, that it is difficult to find out a character which ſhall obvioutly diftinguiſh them; ſuch a character is however afforded in the preſent plant. If the filaments are examined, each of them will be found forked at the extremity, and the anthera ſuſtained on the inner- moſt diviſion of the fork; beſides this curious and uncommon ſtructure, the middle ſegment of the lower lip is finely toothed. This is noticed by Tournefort in his figures of this genus, but the former wholly omitted. It did not however eſcape the penetrating Linnæus, who confiders it as the eſſential character of the Prunella ; nor is the calyx in this plant undeſerving of our attention, whether we conſider its ſtructure, or the fingular manner in which it cloſes up to preſerve the feeds. The Self-beal has an herbaceous roughith taſte, and hence ſtands recommended in alvine fluxes; it has been principally celebrated as a vulnerary, whence its name, and in gargariſms for apthæ, and inflammations of the fauces. Lewis's Difp. p. 205. It grows very commonly in meadows and paſtures, and flowers in June and July. Its bloſſoms, which are uſually of a violet colour, are ſometimes found white, and ſometimes red. According to Linnæus's experiments, kine, goats, and ſheep, eat it; but horſes refuſe it. a fig. 3. 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SMALL HOODED WILLOW HERB. SCUTELLARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Calyx ore integro: poft floreſceritiam clauſo, operculato. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. SCUTELLARIA minor foliis cordato-ovatis ſubintegerrimis, floribus axillaribus. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. P. 457. Sp. Plant. p. 835: CASSIDA paluſtris minima flore purpurafcente. Tourn. Hift . p. 410. LYSIMACHIA galericulata minor. Raii Hift. 572. Syn. 244. The leffer-hooded Loofeftrife. GRATIOLA latifolia. Gerard. emac. 585. GRATIOLA latifolia feu noftras minor Parkins. 221. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 265. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 320. RADIX perennis, repens, alba. ROOT perennial, creeping, and white. CAULIS erectus, palmaris, fefquipalmaris, et ultra, fim- STALK upright, a hand's breadth, fix inches, or more plex, ſeu ramofus, in horto ramofiffimus evadit, in height, fimple or branched, in the garden tetragonus, rigidulus, fubhirſutus, bafi purpu- becoming very much fo, four-cornered, fome- rafcens. what rigid and hirſute, purpliſh at the baſe. FOLIA oppofita, fubfecunda, breviſſime petiolata, cor- LEAVES oppoſite, with a tendency to grow one way, dato-ovata, obtufa, fubintegerrima, in opacis ſtanding on very ſhort foot-ſtalks, heart-ſhaped, glabra, in apricis hirfuta, et fubinde rubentia. ovate, obtufe, almoſt entire on the edges, in fhady fituations ſmooth, in expofed ones hirſute, and ſometimes reddiſh. FLORES parvi, carnei, axillares, bini, pedunculati, pe- FLOWERS ſmall, of a pale red colour, growing by dunculis calyce longioribus. pairs in the alæ of the leaves, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks longer than the calyx. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, breviſſimum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, very ſhort, hir- hirſutum, ore bilabiato, integro, fquamula in- fute, the mouth compofed of two lips and en- cumbente operculi inſtar clauſili. fig. 1. tire, with a ſmall ſcale like a lid reſting on it. fig: 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, labium fuperius tri- COROLLA monopetalous, and ringent, the upper lip fidum, fuperne villoſum, laciniis fubæqualibus, trifid, and villous above, the ſegments nearly intermedia concava emarginatâ, lateralibus re- equal, the intermediate one hollow and nicked, motiufculis, nec intermediæ ſubjectis ficut in the ſide ones fomewhat diſtant from each other, galericulata. fig. 2. inferius latius, emarginatum, not placed under the intermediate one as in the punctis et lineolis rubris pulchre variegatum. galericulata. fig. 2. the lower lip broader, with fig. 3. a ſingle notch, and prettily variegated with red lines and dots. fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, alba, fub labio fu- STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, of a white colour, hid periore recondita, quorum duo longiora. AN- under the upper lip, two of which are longer THER Æ minimæ, albæ, ad lentein hirfutulæ. than the other two. ANTHERÆ very minute, fig. 4. white, and flightly hirſute, when magnified. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum . STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN divided into four parts. STYLE albus, longitudine ſtaminum, fuperne paulu- white, the length of the ſtamina, thickened lum incraffatus. STIGMA ſimplex, incurvatum, a little above. STIGMA ſimple, a little hooked, acuminatum. fig. 5. and pointed. fig. 5. PERICARPIUM nullum, calyx continens SEED-VESSEL none, the calyx containing four feeds. SEMINA quatuor, fubrotunda, ad lentem afpera. fig. 6. SEEDS of a roundith ſhape, appearing rough when mag- nified. fig. 6. NECTARIUM glandula aurantiaca ad baſin germinis. NECTARY: an orange-coloured gland at the baſe of fig. 7 the germen. fig. 7. GERARD, our countryman, appears to have been the diſcoverer of this ſpecies, to which he gives the names of Gratiola latifolia. PARKINSON, who conſidered it as a plant peculiar to this country, adds to them the epithet of noftras. TOURNEFORT, afterwards enumerating the plants growing about Paris, mentions it as growing with them in ſeveral places; nevertheleſs it is not common throughout Europe. Indeed LINNÆUS, in his Species Plantarum, expreſsly ſays, habitat in Anglia. GERARD's referring a plant to another genus, ſo obviouſly ſimilar in its parts of fructification to what was then called Lyſimachia galericulata ſhews, that little attention was paid to thoſe parts at that time; nor was he very fortunate in applying to the leaves of ſo ſmall a plant the name of latifolia, Had Linnæus frequently ſeen and cultivated this plant, as we have had opportunity of doing, he would have expreſſed no doubt of its being too nearly related to the galericulata and haſtifolia. Vid. Spec. Plant. In the time of old GERARD, this ſpecies was found on Hampſtead Heath, and on ſome of the boggy parts of that Heath it ſtill exiſts; but is more plentifully met with in fimilar fituations, on Putney and Shirley Commons. It flowers in July, Auguft, and September. On Shirley Common we have ſeen it much larger than the ſpecimen figured; and this fummer found a ſingle plant which had blue flowers. 283 lope Scutellaria minor ENT Bic OE M 232 7 Orobanche major 1 U OF M OROBANCHE MAJOR. COMMON BROOM-RAPE. OROBANCHE Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Cal. bifidus. Cor. ringens. Caps. unilocularis, bivalvis, polyſperma, Glandula fub bafi germinis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HerBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. OROBANCHE major caule fimpliciſſimo pubeſcente, ftaminibus ſubexſertis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 497, Spec. Pl. p. 882. Fl. Suec. n. 561. OROBANCHE caule fimplici, ftipula unica, calyce quadrifido. Haller. Hij. 295. OROBANCHE major. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 782. OROBANCHE major Garyophyllum olens. Bauh. pin. 87. RAPUM Geniftæ Ger. emac. 1311. Parkinſ. 229. Raii Syn. p. *288. Broom-rape. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 266. Lightfoot Flor. Scot. p. 332. RADIX Spartii ſcoparii radicibus plerumque adnafcitur. * ROOT generally grows to the roots of the common Broom. CAULIS pedalis ad ſeſquipedalem, erectus, fimplex, fif- STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height, up- tuloſus, teretiuſculus, fulcato-ſtriatus, villo- right, fimple, hollow, roundiſh, fomewhat fus, purpurafcens, fquamis ſparſis, marcidis, channeled, villous, of a purpliſh colour, co- tectus, ad bafin bulbofus, bulbo ſquamoſo. vered with withered ſquamæ, bulbous at bot- tom, the bulb ſquamous. FLORES ſpicati, feffiles, purpurafcentes plerumque, ali- FLOWERS growing in fpikes, feffile, for the moſt part quando etiam flaveſcentes, fpica primo acuta, purpliſh, ſometimes alſo yellowiſh, the ſpike dein ſubcylindrica, is at firſt pointed, and then becomes cylin- drical. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, erectum, CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, upright, di- quadrifidum, poftice ad bafin ufque divifum, et vided into four fegments, pofteriorly quite antice magis profunde quam ad latera, villo- down to the baſe, and anteriorly more deeply fum, albeſcens, laciniis feu dentibus ſubæqua- that at the fides; villous, whitiſh, the feg- libus, ferrugineis. fig. 1. ments or teeth nearly equal, and ferruginous. fig. 1. COROLLA: monopetala, ringens, plerumque purpu COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, generally purpliſh, rafcens, ad ferrugineum colorem accedens, per- approaching to the colour of ruſty iron; tube fiftens; tubus inclinatus, amplus, ventricoſus; bending downward, large, bellying out; mouth faux hians' ; labium fuperius concavum, obſolete gaping; upper-lip hollow, obſoletely trifid, trifidum, fubcarinatum, externe viſcidum ; la- ſomewhat keeled, and externally viſcid; the bium inferius trifidum, lacinulâ mediâ produc- lower lip trifid and hollow, the middle feg- tiore, concava. fig. 2. ment the longeſt. fig, 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, ſubulata, alba, ſub } STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, tapering, white, hid labio fuperiore recondita, quorum duo longiora ; under the upper lip, two of which are longer ANTHER Æ leviter cohærentes, ftramineæ, di- than the reſt; ANTHERÆ Nightly cohering, dymæ, ovatæ, mucronibus terminatæ. fig. 3. of a ſtraw colour, double, ovate, each cavity terminating in a point. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, bafi antice tribus PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblong, marked anteriorly at glandulis, protuberantibus, Aavis, melleum li the baſe with three protuberant yellow glands, quorem copiofe fundentibus, notatum ; STYLUS which pour forth plentifully a ſweet liquor ; pubeſcens, ftaminibus paulo longior, purpuraf- STYLE downy, a little longer than the ſta- cens, apice inflexus ; STIGMA ſemibifidum, mina, purpliſh, bent down at top; STIGMA obtuſum, crafliuſculum, flavum. fig. 4. half-divided, obtuſe, thickiſh, and yellow, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA Ovato-oblonga, acuminata, SEED-VESSEL an ovate, oblong capſule, terminating in unilocularis, bivalvis. fig. 5. a point, of one cavity and two valves. fig 5. SEMINA numeroſa, minima; receptacula quatuor, li- SEEDS numerous and very ſmall; receptacles four, li- nearia, lateralia, adnata. fig. 6, 7, near, growing to the ſides of the caplule. fig. 6, 7. a a The literal Engliſh tranſlation of the Greek word Orobanche is Strangle-tare*: this term has been given by DIOSCORIDES to one plant, and by THEOPHRASTUS to another; ours is undoubtedly the Orobanche of Dioscorides, (as it accords with his deſcription +), and alſo of Pliny. The Orobanche of THEOPHRASTUS muſt have been tome * OPOBATXH, Ervangina Gaze, quòd špobov ayxt, ervum ftrangulet, dicitur. + “ Orobanche cauliculus eſt ſeſquipedalis, et interdum major, fubruber, hirſutus, tener, fine folio, pinguis i flore fubalbidr, aut in luteum vergente : radice digiti craffitudine, et cum ariditate flaccefcit caulis, fiftulofa. Hanc inter quædam legumina nafci conftat, et ea ftrangulare, “ unde Orobanche fibi cognomentum ufurpavit. Eftur, ut olus, cruda, et in patinis, aſparagi modo, decocta. Legumentis addita, concoctio- nem accelerare creditur. Matth. ex Diofc. climbing SA SI-100 UOM[2] TOTAM Hoso олиом [O2 W 66 climbing plant, as is evident from his words, which are thus quoted by MATTHIOLUS, “ Ervum necat amplexu complexuque fuo,” whereas the Orobanche of DiOSCORIDES, according to the ſame author, by its preſence only, 6 fuâ tantum prefentiâ,” deſtroys the Legumina, Corn, Hemp, and Flax which grow near it, and from which property of choaking and devouring the neighbouring plants, MATTHIOLUS ſays they called it in ſome parts of İtaly the Wolf plant ; its pernicious effects in this reſpect are confirmed by a later Italian writer Micheli, who mentions its being proſcribed in Tuſcany by public edict. The moſt remarkable circumſtance in the æconomy of this plant, is its growing from the roots of others; CASPAR BAUhine afferts, that it is always attached to the fibres (fibris) of ſome plant near it; ſeveral of my bo- tanic friends are of opinion that it is not paraſitical in all ſituations, eſpecially in corn-fields, but they have not confirmed their opinions by actual and repeated examinations, which are ſtill wanting. The plants from the roots of which CASP. BAUhine obſerved it to grow were the Spartium Scoparium, common Broom, Geniſta tinctoria, Woodwaxen, Hieracium fubaudum, ſhrubby Hawkweed, Trifolium, Trefoil, (no particular ſpecies is mentioned), and Orobus tuberoſus, Wood Pea; all of theſe (one excepted) are leguminous plants, to which it is obſerved to have the ſtrongeſt attachment; I have met with it but rarely about London, excepting one ſpot, in which it might be ſaid truly to abound; this was a ſmall, hilly, barren field, covered partly with furze and broom, on the left- hand ſide of the road, within about two miles of Kingſton, Surry, about half a mile beyond the Robin Hood and Turnpike, in which field the Botaniſt will find ſeveral other rare plants . I have alſo ſeen it on Hampſtead Heath, and on the borders of Charlton Wood; in theſe ſeveral ſituations it grew either out of the roots of Broom or Furze, but chiefly the former. My late gardener ROBERT SQUIBB once brought me out of Surry a very ſtrong plant of Orobanche, which had grown in a corn field on the root of the Centaurea Scabiofa: I planted both roots in my garden, in the ſituation they were found; the Knapweed grew, but the Broom-rape died. Several perfons have informed me of their having found it to be paraſitical on the roots of Clover, in particular Dr. GoodENOUGH and Mr. RUGGLES of Cobham ; Mr. THOMAS White once related to me his having obſerved a ſmall Orobanche growing on walls, &c. in Pembrokeſhire, and that the decayed floor of an old caſtle in particular was almoſt covered with it; he alſo noticed, that in ſome of the weſtern counties this plant was ſo common as to give the mowers cauſe of complaint. The Orobanche appears to vary in fize according to the ſize of the root it grows on, the ſtem being ſometimes almoſt as thick as one's thumb, and at other times not much larger than a wheat-ſtraw; the flowers vary much in their colour, but are moſtly dead-purple or yellowiſh. CHO The feed of this plant is remarkably ſmall, hence it will be extremely difficult to fhew its vegetation by expe- riment, more eſpecially as it requires a very particular foil and ſituation, yet no one can doubt but the plant is propagated thereby; it muſt firſt vegetate on the earth, then the radicle, which is ſent downward, finding a proper root, attaches itſelf to it, quits its parent earth, and becomes paraſitical. It has a faint ſmell of cloves, and is ſaid to be a ſtrong aſtringent and uſeful vulnerary. a Linnæus remarks that Sweden is too cold for it to flouriſh with them. ARO be Bandaladelp osno Stooqoidal auto 10 VOD todo 10 ITEN Teng and TSI Do duota tahun analot no Et toi ou ou Gwe of oluncatalading sin siqe 1199 di tutto sualumoto audido I nald othyo MADISTET aicim stopniu AVIMAS abilitoista o dilo toga od olanta Tobulbaid to TADO 234 --Z :) 3 -5 L Antirrhinum Orontrum. NIL OF my ANTIRRHINUM ORONTIUM. SMALL SNAPDRAGON. ANTIRRHINUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Corolla bafis deorfum prominens, nectarifera. Capſula 2-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. ANTIRRHINUM Orontium corollis ecaudatis, floribus fubfpicatis, calycibus corolla longioribus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 466. Sp. Pl. p. 860. Fl. Suec. n. 559. p. . ANTIRRHINUM foliis ellipticis obtufis, floribus fparfis, calycibus fubulatis longiffimis, calcare bre- viffima. Haller. Hift. n. 334. ANTIRRHINUM Orontium. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 774. ANTIRRHINUM anguſtifolium ſylveſtre. Bauh. Hift. III. 464. ANTIRRHINUM arvenſe majus. Bauh. pin. 212. ANTIRRHINUM fylveftre medium. Parkinſ. 1334. Raii Syn. p. 283. The leffer wild Calf's Snout * or Snapdragon. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 274. RADIX annua, fimplex, rigida, albida, fibroſa, fibris ROOT annual, ſimple, ftiff, whitiſh, fibrous, fibres paucis, patentibus. few and ſpreading CAULIS Ipithamæus, aut pedalis, fimplex feu ramofus, STALK from a ſpan to a foot in height, fimple or erectus, teres, piloſus, pilis patentibus, ſub- branched, upright, round, hairy, the hairs viſcidis. ſpreading and ſomewhat viſcid. FOLIA ima oppofita, fubconnata, fuperiora alterna, li- LEAVES of a ſhape betwixt linear and lanceolate, neari-lanceolata, carinata, deflexa, integerrima, keeled, turning downward, entire at the edge, hirſutula. ſlightly hairy, the lowermoft oppoſite, flightly uniting at the baſe, the uppermoſt alternate. FLORES pauci, axillares, feffiles, rubelli, vix fpicati, FLOWERS few, growing from the alæ of the leaves, niſi in ſpeciminibus majoribus. ſeſſile, of a bright red colour, ſcarcely form- ing a ſpike, unleſs in large fpecimens. CALYX: Perianthium quinque-partitum, perfiftens, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five laciniis linearibus, carinatis, hirſutis, longitu- ſegments, and permanent; the ſegments linear, dine corollæ, fuperiore longiore. keeled, hairy, the length of the corolla, the uppermoſt ſegment longeſt. COROLLA monopetala, roſea, venis ſaturatioribus COROLLA monopetalous, roſe coloured, ſtriped with ftriata, inferne et fuperne pubeſcens ; labium veins of the ſame colour but deeper, both fuperius bifidum, lateribus reflexum, inferius above and below ſlightly hairy, the upper lip trifidum, laciniis deflexis, intermedia minore, bifid, the fides turning back, the lower lip Nectarium breviffimum, obtufum. fig. 1. trifid, the ſegments turning down, the middle one the ſmalleſt ; Nectary very ſhort and blunt. fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, filiformia, purpu- STAMINA: four Filaments, thread-ſhaped, purpliſh, rafcentia, glabra, quorum duo breviora ; An- ſmooth, two of which are ſhorter than the THERÆ flavæ, bilobæ, conniventes. fig. 2. others; ANTHERÆ yellow, cloſing together, compoſed of two lobes. fig. 2. PISTILLUM: GERMEN fubrotundum, villoſum ; STY- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh, and villous ; STYLE LUS ſubulatus, villoſus, apice paululum incli- tapering, villous, bending a little downward natus; STIGMA obtufum, flavum. fig. 3. at top; STIGMA blunt and yellow. fig. 3. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA pedunculata, erecta, hir- SEED-VESSEL : a Capsule ſtanding on a foot talk, ſuta, apice triforaminofa, bilocularis. fig. 4. upright, hairy, having two cavities and three apertures at top. fig. 4. SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, angulata. fig. 5. SEEDS numerous, blackiſh and angular. fig. 5. This ſpecies of Antirrhinum is diftinguiſhed from all the others, the majus excepted, by having no fpur to the corolla, and from the majus by being an annual, and having long, pointed leaves to the calyx, which in that plant are ſhort and obtufe. It grows in tolerable plenty in Batterſea Corn-fields, where it flowers in July and Auguft. The feed-vefiel, when fully ripe, is a curious repreſentation of the ſkull of a Quadruped. a DOSE ON 3319 andre o A TODO OA Go 267 3 6. Raphanus Raphanistrum. M OF I RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM. WILD RADISH. RAPHANUS Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Cal. clauſus. Siligua torofa, ſubarticulata, teres. Glandula melliferæ 2 inter ſtamina breviora et piſtillum, totidem inter ſtamina longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPET AL SILIQUOSA ET SILICULOSA. RAPHANUS Rapbaniftrum filiquis teretibus articulatis lævibus unilocularibus. Lin. Syft. Veget. p. 504, Sp. Pl. 935. Fl. Suec. n. 612. Haller. Hift. n. 468. RAPHANISTRUM ſegetum, flore luteo vel pallido. Tournef. Inft. 240. RAPISTRUM flore luteo, filiqua glabra articulata. Raii Syn. p. 296. RAPHANUS ſylveſtris. Ger. eniac. 240. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 289. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 362. a RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa, pallide fufca. ROOT annual, ſimple, fibrous, and of a pale brown colour. CAULIS pedalis ad feſquipedalem, erectus, teres, folidus, STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height, up- hiſpidus, glaucus, ad baſin uſque plerumque right, round, folid, hifpid, glaucous, gene- ramofus, ramis fæpe longitudine caulis, ad rally branched quite down to the bottom, bafin purpureis. branches often as long as the ſtalk, and purple at bottom. FOLIA petiolata, pinnatifida, alterna, ſcabra, inferiori- LEAVES ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, pinnatifid, alternate, bus pinnarum quatuor aut quinque parium, rough, the lowermoft conſiſting of four or five ſuperioribus duarum triumve, omnibus obtufi- pair of pinnæ, the uppermoſt of two or three, uſcule ſerratis ſeu dentatis, dentibus apice pur- all of them obtuſely ferrated or toothed, the pureis. teeth purple at the tips. FLORES pedunculati, lutei, albi, ſeu carnei, venis ni- FLOWERS ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, yellow, white or gricantibus picti. fleſh-coloured, painted with blackiſh veins. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, erectum, hifpi- CALYX: a Perianthium of four leaves, upright, a dulum, foliolis oblongis, parallelis, conniven- little hiſpid, the leaves oblong, parallel, cloſing tibus, deciduis, bafi gibbis. fig. 1. together, deciduous, gibbous at the bafe. fig. 1. COROLLA tetrapetala, cruciformis : petala alba five COROLLA compoſed of four petals, which are white, lutea vel purpurafcentia, venoſa: venis nigri- yellow, or purpliſh, veined (the veins blackiſh) cantibus, obcordata, integra, patentia, fenfim inverſely heart-ſhaped, entire, ſpreading, ter- in ungues calyce paulo longiores attenuata. minating gradually in claws, a little longer fig. 2. than the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, ſubulata, erecta ; quo- STAMINA: fix FILAMENTs, tapering, upright; of rum duo oppofita longitudine calycis, quatuor which two oppoſite ones are of the length of vero unguibus longiora. ANTHER Æ oblongæ, the calyx, and four of the length of the claws erectæ, fagittatæ. fig. 3. of the corolla. ANTHERÆ oblong, upright, arrow-ſhaped fig. 3: PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, ventricofum, atte- PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, bellying out a little, nuatum, longitudine ſtaminum. Stylus vix tapering, the length of the ſtamina. STYLE ullus. STIGMA capitatum, integrum. fig. 4. ſcarce any. STIGMA forming a little head, and entire. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Siliqua teres, articulata, articulis tri- SEED-VESSEL a round jointed Pod, compoſed of three, bus ad fex et ultra, fulcatis, unilocularibus, fix, or more joints, which are grooved, of one monofpermis, geniculis attenuatis, apice rof- cavity, containing a ſingle ſeed, the joints cut trata, roftro lineari compreffo, glabra. fig. 5. in, the apex terminating in a linear, flat, ſmooth beak. fig. 5. SEMINA fubrotunda, ferruginea, glaberrima, magnitu- SEEDS roundiſh, ferrugineous, very ſmooth, the ſize dine feminum Raphani ſativi. fig. 6. of the common garden Radith. fig. 6. The preſent plant, in the colour of its bloffom, is one of the moſt variable we are acquainted with, being found with white, pale-red, and yellow flowers: as the yellow is the moſt predominant with us, we have figured that variety Though the bloffams vary ſo widely as to colour, they are all in general ftriped with purpliſh veins; a character fo which contributes with ſeveral others to diſtinguiſh it from the Sinapis Arvenſis, or Charlock, to which it bears no ſmall reſemblance; ſome of the moſt ſtriking differences between theſe two plants we ſhall here enumerate. The Charlock uſually grows one third taller than the Radith. The ſtalks, which in the Charlock are finely grooved, hirſute, and commonly of a deep red colour, in the Radiſh are ſmooth, yet hifpid, and uſually glaucous. The Charlock has often an unbranched ftem; the Radith is more frequently branched quite down to the bottom ; beſides, the calyx is upright and cloſe in the Radith; in the Charlock it is ſpreading. The flowers of the Charlock alſo are ſmaller, and always yellow. It is a common and noxious inhabitant of Corn-fields, and flowers in July and Auguft. Linnæus has given a particular paper on this plant in the Amenitates Academicæ, in which he endeavours to prove, that an epidemic fpafmodic diſeaſe, common in ſome parts of Sweden, is owing to the feeds of this plant being ground with the corn and eaten by the inhabitants. CUT COMENTAS euroa the bed Bolbbapo Pub sunt burtoute DEL DOES SC យ ole 253 5 0...6 4 -1.7 YA Turritis glabra. TV OF (CH. M TURRITIS GLABRA. SMOOTH TOWER-MUSTARD. Tower TURRITIS Lin, Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOS A. Siliqua longiffima, angulata. Cal. connivens, erectus. Cor. erecta. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TetraPETALÆ, SILIQUOS Æ ET SILICULOS Æ. TURRITIS glabra foliis radicalibus dentatis hiſpidis, caulinis integerrimis amplexicaulibus glabris. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 502. Sp. Pl. p. 930. Haller. Hift. n. 455. TURRITIS glabra. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 839. BRASSICA ſylveſtris foliis circa radicem cichoraceis. Bauh. Pin. 112. TURRITIS foliis inferioribus cichoraceis, cæteris perfoliatis. J.R. H. BRASSICA ſylveſtris ramofa tota penè glabra. Bauh. Pin. 112. TURRITIS vulgatior. Bauh. Hift. II. 836. TURRITIS Ger. emac. 272. Parkins 852. Raii Syn. p. 293. Tower-Muſtard. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2 p. 291. RADIX biennis, fimplex, alba, ſublignoſa, alte in ter- ROOT biennial, ſimple, white, ſomewhat woody, pene- ram, defcendens, paucis fibrillis capillata. trating deeply into the earth, furniſhed with few fibres. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus, plerumque fim- STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, plex, firmus, teres, folidus, prope terram hir- generally ſimple, firm, round, folid, near the ſutus, ſupernè glaber. ground hirſute, above ſmooth. FOLIA radicalia pallide viridia, hirſuta, ad margines LEAVES next the root, of a pale green colour, ſtrongly finuata, tres quatuorve uncias longa, caulina hairy, jagged on each ſide, three or four inches glauca, glabra, integerrima, amplexicaulia, in length, thoſe of the ſtalk glaucous, per- erecta, fagittata. fectly ſmooth and entire, embracing the ſtalk, upright, and arrow-ſhaped. FLORES in fummis caulibus parvi, ex albo luteſcentes. FLOWERS on the top of the ſtalks, ſmall, of a whitiſh yellow.colour. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ovato- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, the leaves of oblongis, erectis, deciduis. fig. 1. an ovate oblong ſhape, upright and deciduous. fig. 1. COROLLA: tetrapetala, cruciformis. Petala ovato- COROLLA tetrapetalous and croſs-ſhaped. Petals of oblonga, obtufa, integra, unguibus erectis. an ovate-oblong ſhape, obtufe, entire, claws fig. 2. upright. fig. 2. STAMINA : FILAMENTA fex, fubulata, alba, quorum STAMINA: fix Filaments, tapering, white, two of duo breviora. ANTHERÆ fimplices, flava. which are ſhorter than the others. ANTHERA ſimple, and yellow. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN longitudine floris, teres, ſub- PISTILLUM : Germen the length of the flower, round, compreffum. Stylus nullus. STIGMA obtu- a little flattened. STYLE none. STIGMA blunt. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Siliquæ plurimæ, pedicellatæ, erectæ, SEED-VESSEL: Pods numerous, ſtanding on foot- duos vel tres digitos longæ, caulem fere occul- ſtalks, upright, two or three fingers breadth in tantes, teretiuſculæ, ſubcompreffæ, obſclete length, almoſt hiding the ſtalk, roundiſh, quadrangulæ. fig. 5. ſomewhat flattened, faintly quadrangular. SEMINA parva, numeroſiſſima, ovata, planiuſcula, rufa. SEEDS ſmall, very numerous, ovate, flattiſh, of a red- fig. 6. diſh brown colour. fig. 6. fig. 3 fum. fig. 4. fig: 5. The term glabra is only proper when applied to the upper part of this plant, the radical leaves, which generally decay as the plant approaches to maturity, being hairy, like many other plants of the ſame family, It is found but rarely near London. Hitherto I have only noticed it in one ſpot, viz. in the lane which leads down by Charlton Church, and there but fparingly; further on in Kent it is much more common, as well as in many other parts of England. It uſually grows on banks near hedges, and flowers in June and July, It varies ſo much in fize, that the old Botaniſts make two ſpecies of it, ITI TUM-BOTTOM AAND BITRIU no DEL 2 DICO MODITI doo ADIE ENTRU TO GA lub I. 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Sed alt inn pique mira writion borioaned alcom de vode v andis plotis si tot 21019 Soon at nxon UFA TA te cilit NITO 100 rio etibat asal ini bisa Supremala za buton ciltlonlar blivib pology basot i Ezotti aihde sport il this to delavni on aidot estuolunda conto To stotis bateloq acasamet bas meid adido o Brasil மான்) babai Web non bastan dolos anter o idis isang EESTI como ut vimo NVO o ovol 2 2016 YYIAS aliquotMUTETUT TUND the toba worlod do altertoldo beritaan Condo y todo iii Тоябрь AT 4: ALLOHOD -dobar gaibsong looda-to rigual yo Sony so LEAVITATS ololo altott stort olls baie meer stod obaloga augmoldes MULTIT DE batter bor CE cured nce od yili ya Geiloo CARDAMINE HIRSUTA. HAIRY LADIES-SMOCK. . CARDAMINE Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Siliqua elaſtice diffiliens valvulis revolutis. Stigma integrum. Cal. fubhians. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALE SILIQUOSA ET SILICULOSÆ. CARDAMINË foliis pinnatis, floribus tetrandris. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 497. Sp. Pl. p. 913. Fl. Suec. n. 587 CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis hirſutis, pinnis fubrotundis, ſtaminibus quaternis. Haller Hift. 472. CARDAMINE birfuta. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 817. t. 38. NASTURTIUM aquaticuin minus. Baub. Pin. 104. CARDAMINE impatiens altera hirſutior. Raii Syn. p. 300. The leffer hairy, impatient Cuckowa hower or Ladies-ſmock. CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalibus fubrotundo-cordatis; caulinis ovatis dentatis petiolatis. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 295. Lightfoot Fl. Scon P. 348. a a a RADIX annua, fibroſa, fibris albidis. ROOT annual and fibrous, the fibres whitilh. CAULIS ſpithamæus, et ultra pro ratione loci, in foflis STALK about a ſpan high, or more, according to the humidis reperitur etiam feſquipedalis, folidus, ſituation in which it grows; in wet ditches it is erectus, flexuofus, fulcato-angulofus, prope ſometimes found even a foot and a half in height, baſin purpureus, et ſæpius hirſutiſfimus, fu- folid, upright, crooked, grooved or angular, perne fere glaber, ramofus, ramofiffimus etiam purple near the baſe, and moſt commonly very occurrit. hairy, above nearly ſmooth, branched, ſome- times very much fo. FOLIA radicalia plurima, in orbem pofita, pinnätà, fo- LEAVES next the root numerous, forming a circle, liolis petiolatis, rotundato-angulatis, plerumque pinnated, the ſmall leaves ſtanding on foot- quinque lobatis, hirſutis, punctis prominulis ſtalks, round yet angular, generally divided ſcabriuſculis, lobis inæqualibus, nunc obtufis, into five lobes, hirſute, roughiſh with little nunc acutis; caulina anguftiora et magis pro- prominent points, the lobes unequal, fome- funde incuſa, lobis paucioribus. times blunt and ſometimes pointed; thoſe of the ſtalk narrower, and more deeply indented, with fewer lobes: FLORES parvi, albi, primo vere tantum, tetrandri. FLOWERS ſmall, and white, early in the ſpring, hava ing only four ſtamina. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ovato- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, of an ovate, oblongis, obtufis, concavis, deciduis, pilis oblong ſhape, obtufe, hollow, deciduous, fur- paucis albidis inſtructis. fig. 1. niſhed with a few white hairs. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, alba, calyce duplo fere COROLLA: four white Petals, almoſt twice the longiora, patentia, integerrima, obtuſa. fig. 2. length of the calyx, ſpreading, entire and ob- tuſe. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTÀ plerumque fex, quorum duo STAMINA: for the moſt part fix FILAMENTS, of which breviora, alba. ANTHERÆ minimæ, luteſ- two are ſhorter than the reft, of a white colour. centes. fig. 3. ANTHERÆ very ſmall and yellowiſh. fig. 3. PIŞTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, tenue, ſtaminibus * PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblong, fender, a little ſhorter paulo brevior. STIGMA Capitatum. fig: 4. than the ſtamina. STÍGMA forming a ſmall PERICARPIUM: Siliqua erecta, uncialis, ſubcompreffa, SEED-VESSEL: an upright Pod about an inch in length, bivalvis, elaſtice diſtiliens, valvulis revolutis ſomewhat flattened, of two valves, which burſt fig 5. with an elaſtic force, and roll back. fig. 5 SEMINA duodecim circiter, fuborbiculata, compreffa, SEEDS about twelve in number, nearly round and flat- glabra, e flavo fufca fig. 6. tened, ſmooth, and of a yellowiſh-brown co- lour. fig. 6. We were inclined to believe with our ingenious friend Mr. LIGHTFOOT, that the Cardamine hirſuta and parviflora were diſtinct ſpecies ; but repeated obſervation and culture have convinced us, that they are both the ſame, varying only in fize, in hairinefs, and in the number of their ſtamina. In wet ſituations, where the ſoil is luxuriant, it grows a foot or two in height, and loſes in a great degree its hairineſs ; in expoſed places it feldom reaches more than fix or eight inches, and is generally much more hairy, and, when it grows ſingly, much more branched. The ſame plant, early in the ſpring, when the weather is cold, has only four ſtamina ; as the fumer advances, it has conſtantly fix. The lobes of the radical leaves vary much in ſhape, and are frequently much rounder than the figure repreſents. This ſpecies is by no means general about London, but abounds in particular places; as by Chelſea water-works, in wet ditches about Hampſtead, Highgate, and elſewhere. It flowers in April and May. In the garden, if the ſituation in which it is fown be ſhady, and the ſeaſon not uncommonly dry, it continues flowering and feeding during the whole of the ſummer. According to Mr. LiGHTFOOT, the young leaves are a good ingredient in a ſallad, and may eaſily be obtained in the ſpring, when Muſtard and Creſs are not to be had. head. fig. 4. 277 rip Cardamine hirsuta. . 10 GERANIUM PRATENSE. CROWFOOT CRANESBILL. GERANIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Monogyna. Stigmat. 5. Fructus roſtratus, 5-coccus. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBE PENTAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. GERANIUM pratenſe pedunculis bifloris, foliis fubpeltatis multipartitis rugofis acutis, petalis integris, Lin. Syft. Veget. p. 514. Sp. Pl. p. 954. Fl. Suec. n. 968. GERANIUM caule erecto, foliis rugofis hirſutis multilobis, lobis trifidis, lobulis femipinnatis, floribus umbellatis. Haller. Hift. n. 931. GERANIUM pratenſe Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 852. GERANIUM batrachoides, Gratia Dei Germanorum. Bauh. Pin. 318. GERANIUM Batrachoides. Ger. emac. 922. GERANIUM Batrachoides flore cæruleo. Park. 704. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 360. Crowfoot Craneſbill. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 302. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 368. e a RADIX perennis, craffitie digiti minimi aut major, hori- * ROOT perennial, the thickneſs of the little finger, or zontalis, rugoſa, e rubro fuſca, intus flaveſcens, larger, horizontal, wrinkled, of a reddiſh fibris majuſculis profunde penetrantibus in- brown colour, yellowiſh within, furniſhed with ſtructa. largiſh fibres, which penetrate to a great depth. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus, ramofus, tereti- STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, uſculus, pubeſcens, bafi ruberrimus, fuban- branched, roundiſh, downy, very red, and ſome- guloſus. what angular at the bottom. FOLIA hirſutula, radicalia longiffime petiolata, fuprema LEAVES fomewhat hirſute, thoſe next the root, ſtanding ſubſeſſilia, omnibus multipartitis, venoſis, ſub- on very long footſtalks, the uppermoſt ones tus pallidioribus, lacinis multifidis, inciſis. nearly feffile, all of them deeply divided into many fegments, veiny and paler underneath, the fegments jagged. PETIOLI teretes, pubeſcentes. LEAF-STALKS round and downy. STIPULÆ ad baſin foliorum utrinque binæ, ovato acu- STIPULÆ at the baſe of the leaves two on each ſide, minatæ, primo rubicundæ, dein marceſcentes, ovate and pointed, at firſt reddiſh, afterwards ad baſin pedunculorum quinæ, lanceolatæ. withering, thoſe at the baſe of the peduncles five in number, and lanceolate. PEDUNCULI gemini, pilofillimi, viſcoſi, primo nu- FLOWER-STALKS growing two together, very hairy, tantes, demum erecti. clammy, at firſt drooping, laſtly upright. FLORES magni, ſpeciofi, e purpureo cærulei. FLOWERS large, fhowy, of a purpliſh blue colour. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, perſiſtens, fo- CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves and perma- liolis ovatis, acutis, concavis, margine mem- nent, the leaves ovate, pointed, concave, branaceis. fig. 1. bearded, clammy, ribbed and membranous at the edge. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, ſubintegerrima, venoſa, \ COROLLA : five Petals, nearly entire, veiny, hairy baſi utrinque hirſutula. fig. 2. on each ſide the baſe. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem ſubulata, ſuperne STAMINA: ten Filaments, tapering, purpliſh above, purpurafcentia, inferne lata, albida; ANTHERÆY below broad and whitiſh; ANTHERÆ oblong, oblongæ, cæruleæ, incumbentes. fig. 3. blue and incumbent. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen pentagonum, viſcoſum, viride ; * PISTILLUM: GERMEN pentagonal, clammy, of a STYLUS filiformis, rubicundus, ftaminibus green colour; STYLE filiform, reddiſh, longer longior ; STIGMA quinquefidum, laciniis li- than the ſtamina; STIGMA divided into five nearibus, reflexis. fig. 4. ſegments, which are linear and turned back. SEMEN oblongum, læve, ex arillo elaſtice diffiliens. fig. SEED oblong, ſmooth, thrown from the feed-covering with confiderable elaſticity. fig. 5,6. This is by far the moſt ſhowy of the Craneſbills growing wild with us, and in that reſpect is exceeded by none of the Engliſh ones except the Sanguineum. Its leaves are large, and ſomewhat like thofe of the Meadow Crow- foots, whence its name. Its beauty has long ſince recommended it to the notice of the curious in flowers, in the gardens of which we find it not only as it commonly occurs, but alſo with white, purple, and ſtriped bloſſoms. It loves a moiſt ſituation, as it naturally grows wild in meadows, which it ornaments with its blofſoms in July and Auguft. Near London it is found in tolerable abundance in the meadows about Batterſea, and in the vicinity of the Thames both above and below bridge; in many parts of Yorkſhire, particularly about Settle, it is almoſt as como mon as the Mallow is with us, not only in meadows, but every where under their ſtone walls. The bloſſoms are much reſorted to by various ſpecies of flies, particularly thoſe of the Genus Empis. fig. 4. 5, 6. 3 Geranium pratense. M AL VA MOSCH A T A. MUSK MALLOW MALVA Lin. Gen. Pl. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Cal. duplex: exterior triphyllus. Arilli plurimi, monoſpermi. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMÆ. MALVA moschata caule erecto, foliis radicalibus reniformibus incifis; caulinis quinquepartitis pinnato multifidis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 523. Spec. Pl. p. 971. Fl. Suec. n. 629. MALVÀ foliis radicalibus reniformibus, inciſis, caulinis quinquepartitis pinnatis, pinnis dentatis. Haller. Hift. n. 1072. MALVA Moſchata. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 861. MALVA montana five Álcea rotundifolia laciniata. Col. Ecphr. I. p. 148. t. 147. ALCEA folio rotundo laciniato. Baub. Pin. 316. ALCEA tenuifolia criſpa. I. B. II. App. 1067. Raii Syn. p. 253. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 308 Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 376. a RADIX perennis, albida, ſublignoſa, difficillime eruta. ROOT perennial, whitiſh, fomewhat woody, and with difficulty pulled up. CAULIS: ex una radice caules nafcuntur plurimi, bipe- STALK: from one root ariſe ſeveral ſtalks; about two dales, ſuberecti, ramofi, teretes, fiſtuloſi, hir- feet high, nearly upright, branched, round, ſuti, punctis purpureis prominulis adfperfi, e hollow, hirſute, ſprinkled with purple pro- quibus pili prodeunt. minent points, from which the hairs iflue. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, inferiora plerumque fex par- LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, the lower tita, laciniis pinnatifidis, multifido-laciniatis, ones generally deeply divided into fix ſegments, hirſutulis, apice ſubacutis, fuperiora brevius which are pinnatifid and ſub-divided into many petiolata, in pauciores et tenuiores lacinias others, ſlightly hirſute, and pointed at the diviſa. tips, the upper ones ſtanding on ſhorter foots ſtalks, and divided into fewer and narrower ſegments. STIPULÆ utrinque binæ, erecta, lanceolata, hirſutæ, STIPULÆ two on each ſide, upright, lanceolate, hira marginæ undulatæ. fute, waved on the edge. FLORES magni, ſpecioſi, carnei. FLOWERS large, ſhowy, and fleſh-coloured. PEDUNCULI unciales, teretes, pilofi . FLOWER-STALKS an inch in length, round and hairy. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM duplex, inferius triphyllum, CALYX: a double PeriANTHIUM, the lowermoſt coma foliolis lanceolatis, fuperius quinquefidum, poſed of three lanceolate leaves, the upper- ovato-acutum, fæpe laciniatum, punctatum, moſt divided into five ſegments, ovate and hirſutum, margine ſerrato glanduloſum. fig. I. pointed, often jagged, dotted, hirſute, the edge ferrated with ſmall glands. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, ſubtriangularia, carnea, COROLLA : five Petals, ſomewhat triangular, fleſh- venis ſaturatioribus ramofis notata, apice ſub- coloured, marked with branched veins of a truncata, erofa, bafi albida, margine utrinque deeper colour, ſomewhat truncated with a ciliata. fig. 2. piece bit out at top, at bottom whitiſh, with the edge fringed on each ſide with hairs. fig. 2: STAMINA: FILAMENTA plurima, in tubum cylindra- STAMINA: FILAMENTs numerous, forming a whitiſh ceum, albidum, piloſum coalita, fuperne li- hairy cylindrical tube, looſe at top; and bend- bera, reflexa. ANTHERÆ primum reniformes, ing back. ANTHERÆ at firſt kidney-ſhaped carneæ, dein purpureæ, demum cæruleſcentes. and fleſh-coloured, then purple, and laſtly Pollen album, globoſum. fig. 3. blueiſh. POLLEN white and globular. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMINA plurima, in orbem diſpoſita, PISTILLUM: GERMINA numerous, circularly diſpoſed, flaveſcentia ; Stylı plurimi, ruberrimi, fili- of a yellowiſh colour. STYLES numerous, of formes, ad unum latus pilofi, polline plerum- a bright red colour, thread-thaped, hairy on que obducti. STIGMATA ſimplicia. fig. 5. one ſide, and generally covered with pollena STIGMATA ſimple. fig. 5. The plant here figured has been, and is ſtill, conſidered by moſt Engliſh Botaniſts as the Vervain Mallow : there is little doubt but it is the plant which Ray conſidered as the Alcea vulgaris major of C. BAUHINE, in which idea he was moſt probably miſtaken, as it accords better with the Alcea rotundifolia laciniata of that author. Be this as it may, it certainly is not the Malva Alcea of LINNÆUS, which Mr. HUDSON makes a native of this country : and which, he ſays, grows wild in Warwickſhire, Leiceſterſhire, and Nottinghamſhire. At the ſame time that LINNÆUS has very properly made two diſtinct fpecies of theſe plants, he has been rather unfortunate in the parts he has ſelected for their diſcrimination. Taking for granted that Mr. Hudson has good authority for what he afferts (although the counties he ſpecifies are not particularly mentioned by Ray) it appears, that the Moſchata is a general, the Alcea a local plant; the former I have found in moſt of the counties I have viſited, and Mr. LIGHTFOOT mentions it as growing in Scotland; the latter I have never ſeen wild, but have occaſionally obſerved it in ſome of the gardens about London ; and laſt year, having an opportunity of cultivating it in my own, I was agreeably ſurprized, to find that it afforded many obvious and ſatisfactory diſtinctions, the moſt ſtriking of which I thall enumerate, for the gratification of the Engliſh Botaniſt. The Malva Alcea grew to nearly twice the height of the Moſchata, whence it agrees with Bauhine's name of major. It was in every reſpect a ſtronger plant, and harſher to the touch; the leaves of the ſtalk were much leſs jagged; the flowers in both were pretty ſimilar, both in ſhape, fize, and colour; but the calyces differed remarkably. In the Moſchata the lowermoſt ſet of leaves were lanceolate, ſometimes almoſt linear; in the Alcea they were ovate; added to this, the calyx of the Alcea, near its bafe, had a large protuberant annulus or ring, which was entirely wanting in the Moſchata. Theſe characters of the calyx alone will, it is preſumed, ever be found fufficient to diſtinguiſh the two plants when in flower; beſides theſe, the Moſchata drawn through the hand has the peculiar property of communicating a ſtrong ſmell of muſk, whence its name. From this relation thoſe Botaniſts, reſident in the counties above mentioned, will be better enabled to judge whether they have the true Malva Alcea or not. The Moſchata grows very plentifully in the neighbourhood of Coomb Wood, and flowers in June and July. No particular virtues or uſes are attributed to this ſpecies; but its beauty entitles it to a place in the garden. Bees refort much to it. 228 5 Molva moschata. 227 3 2 --- 4 Trifolium Glomeratum OF 10 TRIFOLIUM GLOMERATUM. ROUND-HEADED TREFOIL. TRIFOLIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Flores fubcapitati. Legumen vix calyce longius, non dehiſcens, deciduum. Raii Syn. Gen. 23. HERBÆ FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSE. TRIFOLIUM glomeratum capitulis feffilibus hemifphæricis rigidis, calycibus ftriatis patulis æqualibus, Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 573. Sp. Plant. p. 1084. TRIFOLIUM arvenſe ſupinum verticillatum. Barr. ic. 882. TRIFOLIUM parvum rectum, flore glomerato cum unguiculis. J. B. II. 378. TRIFOLIUM cum glomerulis ad caulium nodos rotundis. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 329. Knotted Trefoil, with round heads. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 327. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa. ROOT annual, fimple and fibrous. CAULES plures, palmares, procumbentes, teretes, pur- STALKS ſeveral from the ſame root, four or fix inches purafcentes, glabri, ramoſi, geniculati, geni- in length, procumbent, round, purpliſh, ſmooth, culis tumidiuſculis. branched and jointed; the joints a little ſwelled. STIPULÆ caulinæ membranaceæ, acuminatæ, ramu- STIPULÆ of the ſtalk membranous and pointed, thoſe lorum apice ſæpius recurvis. of the branches often bent back at top. FOLIA glabra, viridia, macula alba fæpius notata, mi- LEAVES ſmooth, green, often marked with a white nute ferrata. ſpot, the edge finely ſawed. FLORES glomerati, rubelli, axillares, capitulis ſeſfili- FLOWERS cluſtered, of a pink colour, growing in the bus, hemifphæricis. alæ of the leaves, the little heads feffile, and almoſt globular. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquedentatum, perfiftens, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM having five teeth, perma- læve, ſtriis decem coloratis notatum, dentibus nent, ſmooth, marked with ten coloured ovato-acuminatis, patulis. fig. 1. ſtreaks, the teeth broad, pointed, and ſpread- ing. fig. 1. COROLLA longitudine calycis ; vexillum ſurſum cur- COROLLA the length of the calyx; ſtandard bent up- vatum ; ala vexillo duplo breviores, apice pau- wards; wings about half as long as the ſtan- lulum fecedentes; carina longitudine fere ala- dard, ſeparating a little at their extremities; rum. fig. 2. keel almoſt the length of the wings. fig. 2. PERICARPIUM: Legumen membranaceum, diſper- SEED-VESSEL: a membranous Pod, containing two mum, intra calycem. fig. 3. ſeeds within the calyx. fig. 3. SEMINA minima, flaveſcentia. fig. 4. SEEDS very minute, and yellowiſh. fig. 4. The blofſoms of this ſpecies of Trefoil grow in little round balls or cluſters from the alæ of the leaves, and hence it has received its name of glomeratum. It may be diſtinguiſhed from the ſtriatum, to which it bears fome affinity, by being in every part ſmooth, in having its balls much rounder, and the teeth of the calyx ſpreading backward ; its bloſſoms alſo are of a brighter red colour. Not being a plant which ſtrikes the eye much at a diſtance, it is probably often overlooked ; with us, how- ever, it is certainly ſcarce. Mr. Ray found it about Saxmundham in Suffolk ; Mr. DooDy about Blackheath, and near Greenbithe; Mr. Hudson in the Iſle of Shepey; Mr. Rose about Norwich, and Dr. Goodenough on Hanwell Heath. I have found it on Blackheath for ſeveral years, yet not plentifully; it is fond of a gravelly ſituation, with ſome degree of moiſture ; hence it muſt be looked for in the depreſſed parts of the heath. The plants growing near it were the Trifolium ftriatum, ornithopodioides, and Sagina procumbens ; and at no great dif- tance Callitriche autumnalis, Montia fontana, and Peplis Portula. It flowers in June. MO bus anlado One be log B е е с 237 3 & z Hypericum quadrangulum ONU OF - HYPERICUM QUADRANGULUM. SQUARE-STALKED St. John's Wort. HYPERICUM Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Cal. 5-partitus, Petala 5, Filamenta multa in 5 phalanges bafi connata. Capſula. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HerBÆ PentAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ, HYPERICUM quadrangulum floribus trigynis, caule quadrato herbacea. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. P. 584. Sp. Pl. p. 1104. Fl. Suec. n. 670. HYPERICUM caule quadrangulari, foliis ovatis perforatis punctatis. Haller. Hift. n. 1038. HYPERICUM quadrangulum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 943. HYPERICUM vulgare minus caule quadrangulo foliis non perforatis. Bauh. pin. 272. HYPERICUM Afcyron dictum caule quadrangulo. Bauh. Hij. 3. p. 382. ASCYRON Dod. pempt. 78. Ger. emac. 542. vulgare Parkinſon 575. Raii Syn. p. 344. St. Peter's Wort. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 334. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 4.16. RADIX perennis, fubrepens, fibrofa. ROOT perennial, fomewhat creeping and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis ad ſeſquipedalem, erectus, ramofus, STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height, up- glaber, rubeſcens, quadratus, quatuor membra- right, branched, ſmooth, reddiſh, ſquare from nulis, feu alis in fecundum longitudinem pro- having four little membranes or wings which ductis. run down the ſtalk. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, ovata, obtuſa, lævia, faturate LEAVES oppoſite, feffile, ovate, obtuſe, ſmooth, of a viridia, fubtus pallidiora, feptemnervia, per deep green colour, paler underneath, ſtrongly totam fuperficiem punctis minutis diaphanis marked with ſeven ribs, the whole ſurface adfperfa, margine glandulis nigris fubtus præ- covered with ſmall tranſparent dots, and the fertim punctata edge, eſpecially on the under fide, dotted with black glands. RAMI cauli fimiles, decuffatim oppofiti. BRANCHES like the ſtalk, alternately oppoſite. FLORES lutei, parvi, in fummitatibus ramulorum FLOWERS of a yellow colour, ſmall , growing on the denſe paniculati. tops of the branches in cloſe panicles. RAMULI paniculæ fanguinei. BRANCHES of the panicle of a deep red or blood colour. PEDUNCULI breviffimi. FLOWER-STALKS very ſhort. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five feg- lanceolatis, patentibus, nervofis, integerrimis, ments, which are lanceolate, ſpreading, ribid, nudis. fig. 1 entire, and free from glands. fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, lutea, lineata, glan- COROLLA: five yellow Petals, finely grooved, dotted dulis paucis nigris ad oras punctata. fig. 2. on the edge with a few ſmall black glands. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA plurima, in faſciculos vix STAMINA : FILAMENTS numerous, ſcarcely divided diviſa ; Antheræ fubrotundæ, flavæ, glan- into bodies or bundles ; ANTHERÆ roundith, dulâ nigrâ notatæ. fig. 3. yellow, marked with a black gland. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum ; STYLI tres, pa- PISTILLUM: GERMEN inverſely ovate; STYLEs three, tentes, ſubulati ; STIGMATA minima, capi- ſpreading, tapering ; STIGMATA very ſmall, tata. fig. 4. forming little heads. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA fufca, trilocularis, trival- SEED-VESSÉL: a brown CAPSULE of three cavities vis. fig. 5 and three valves. fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, minima, oblonga, nitidiuſcula. fig. 6. SEEDS numerous, very ſmall, oblong, and ſomewhat ſhining. fig. 6. The Saint-John's Worts (at leaſt of this country) are a genus of plants which, having ſtrong characteriſtic marks, and being ſubject to little variation, give the Botaniſt no great trouble in their inveſtigation ; it is ſufficient to ſay of this ſpecies for inſtance, that it has a ſquare ſtalk, and it is at once diſtinguiſhed from all the others. CASPAR BAUhine commits no ſmall error when he deſcribes the leaves of the quadrangulum as imperforate, the leaſt attention will ſhew the tranſparent dots on the leaves to be fully as numerous, if not fo large as thoſe of the perforatum; the antient Botaniſts alſo abſurdly enough diſtinguiſhed this ſpecies from the others by the name of Aſcyron, or Saint-Peter's-Wort, but as it has no pretenſions to any generic diſtinction, we have dropped that name, as tending much to confufe : and while we are cenſuring the faults of others, we ſhall mention an error of our own; in deſcribing the Hypericum perforatum we pointed out a little black gland viſible betwixt the lobes of the antheræ, as characteriſtic of that ſpecies, we now find the fame on the quadrangulum alſo. This fpecies grows very plentifully by the fides of rivulets, alſo in wet meadows. By the fides of the ditches in Batterſea Meadows it is particularly common, and flowers in July, It is feldom uſed in medicine, the perforatum fupplying its place. CE BURASOAUOUOTE ola bugil 26 w Sampon Амм Ал uluh Sonchus arvensis . OF SONCHUS ARVENSIS. CORN SOW-THISTLE. So SONCHUS Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ventricoſus. Pappus piloſus. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. SONCHUS arvenſis pedunculis calycibuſque hiſpidis fubumbellatis, foliis runcinatis bafi cordatis. Lin, Syft. Vegetab. p. 594. Spec. Pl. 1116. Fl. Suec. n. 687. SONCHUS foliis amplexicaulibus femipinnatis ferratis, calycibus hiſpidis. Haller. Hift. 23. HIERACIUM arvenſe. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. n. 974. HIERACIUM majus folio fonchi. Bauhin. Pin. 126. SONCHUS repens multis Hieracium majus. Bauh: Hift. 2. 176. SONCHUS arboreſcens. Ger. emac. 294. Raii Syn. p. 163. Tree Sow-thiſtle. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 337. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 427. eruta. RADIX perennis, lactiflua, longe, lateque repens, difficulter | ROOT perennial, milky, creeping far and wide, with difficulty eradicated. CAULIS bi ſeu tripedalis et ultra, erectus, fiftulofus, STALK from two to three feet high, or more, upright, lacteſcens, fubangulatus, lævis, inferne fæpe hollow, milky, ſomewhat angular, ſmooth, purpureus, fuperne ramoſus. often purple below, above branched. FOLIA alterna, runcinata, baſi cordata, amplexicaulia, LEAVES alternate, like thoſe of Dandelion, heart shaped lævia, nitidula, fubtus pallidiora, fpinis molli- at the baſe, embracing the ſtalk, ſmooth, cellis circa margines donata. ſhining, paler on the under fide, the edges furniſhed with ſoftiſh prickles. FLORES ſubumbellati, magni, lutei. FLOWERS growing in a kind of umbel, large and yellow. PEDUNCULI longi, teretes, pilis longis luteis, globu- FLOWER-STALKS long, round, covered with long, ligeris veſtiti, yellow, hairs, bearing globules at their extre- mity. CALYX communis priufquam flofculi expanduntur CALYX common to all the florets, before their expan- cylindricus, apice truncatus, poftea ventricoſo- fion, cylindrical and cut off at the extre- conicus, ſquamis plurimis, erectis, inæquali- mity, afterwards bellying at the baſe and coni- bus, carinatis, fordide viridibus, hirſutiſſimis, cal, the ſcales numerous, upright, unequal, pilis ficut in pedunculis. keeled, of a dirty green colour, and extremely hairy, the hairs ſimilar to thoſe on the foot- ſtalks. COROLLA compofita, imbricata, Corollulis hermaphro- COROLLA compound and imbricated, the Florets her- ditis, numerofis, æqualibus. maphrodite, numerous and equal. Propria monopetala, tubus albus, tenuis, fuperne pilo- Each Floret monopétalous, the tube" white, flender, fus, limbus luteus, longitudine fere tubi mar- hairy above, the flat part yellow, almoſt the ginibus fæpe fubinvolutis, quinquedentatus. length of the tube, the edges frequently rolled fig. 1. inward, furnithed with five teeth. fig. 1. ANTHERÆ in tubum flavum, fubangulatum, coalitæ. ANTHERÆ united into a yellow, and ſomewhat angu- lar tube. STIGMATA duo, filiformia, reflexa. STIGMATA two, thread-ſhaped, reflexed. SEMEN ovato-oblongum, badium, fulcatum, angulis ad SEED of an oblong egg-ſhape, bay colour, and grooved, lentem tranſverſim rugofis, pappofum, pappo the angles tranſverſely wrinkled when magni- fimplici, feffili. fig. 2. fied, downy, the down fimple, and feffile. fig. 2. This ſpecies of Sonchus is properly termed arvenſis, being commonly found in corn fields, in which its large yellow bloffoms, towering above the corn, render it a very conſpicuous plant; theſe alone are fufficient to diſtinguiſh it from the common Sow-thiſtle, it has beſides two other very diſtinct characters; the one a creeping root, whereby it becomes very noxious to the huſbandman; the other, numerous yellow hairs, with little globules at their extremities, thick ſpread over the calyces and flower-ſtalks. It bloffoms in July and Auguft; many of its ſeeds prove abortive. а татутоа и логиулд авно и ов 22 XA U ANTAL OD MODROSTER lorlar dolor annet TOO onlis all see SEZIONI OTHIAZ on bio TUA bodovod Sign Gootion Pe Vis roles Ole Artoa gibt lont in baie odt motor Da s11 food to be a giro 23WOJE istlodend OUT CAO wolle boven betonwerken innol LUOVUGS Borovo methods solidols gaisade rollsy od Stoladbo otro Dobanda dan mena aimura XY TAD s tobulombo utopio solo por cigs carobila ba Englad for en - apartmanupiletino Otot onto auctoribus et pabait lobos baq ui doi allig Hos os tiedonis viisi old botoidni be betong ALLO odgovore dei sinoq xo, A LOOD poo Shoela DU LICH sidomos atostole Soltoqut the 18 thos loom a rolley Star svad: rind midis art anbegeleb eden Lol plastpaid to be od 20 digne engobati papilding dance o ovost, barvi womens rolloi bai Alcool Auto de HTVA odu bogat bedt om Morte tdi.org olin comb ATAMIST Sorte bas od aquiler guld dilugte ooit med rugnoldo-ossvo VIVES, og La trawbel bolovalo oder mitoqat torgun natural Die verwob softalmologistas Bologio Hot (2วง 20 Aug 19 si botodi ovodstawodam told wollen log 091 Sahib voy todo o abflud and distwo Romanood cro How tools wollezionato adsombud si oti erozott owolt bos oli tvorba vissoda ovog book of loyat botold ut a 279 WWM wa mm mm ww pl www 3 M.. 6.00 6. d 5. 1 8-14 8 Hieracium Pilosella. s ONIL OF HIERACIUM PILOSELLA. MOU S E-EAR. HIERACIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ovatus. Pappus fimplex, feffilis. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBE FLORE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. HIERACIUM Piloſella foliis ovatis integerrimis tomentofis, ſtolonibus repentibus, fcapo unifloro. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 597. Sp. Pl. p. 1125. Fl. Suec. n. 697: HIERACIUM caule unifloro, ſtolonibus reptantibus, foliis petiolatis, ovatis, lenge piloſis, fubtus tementoſis. Haller. Hift. n. 53. HIERACIUM Piloſella. Scopoli Fl. Carnfol. 1. 966. PILOSELLA major repens hirſuta. Bauh. Pin. 262. PILOSELLA minor vulgaris repens. Parkinſon, 690. PILOSELLA repens. Ger, emac. 638. Raii Syn. p. 170. Common creeping Mouſe-ear. Hudſon Fl. Angl . p. 343. Lightfoot Fl. Scor. p. 436. RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris pallide fuſcis. ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres of a pale brown colour FOLIA petiolata, ovata, fæpe oblonga, integerrima, ſu- 1 LEAVES ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, ovate, often oblong, perne virentia, ſcabriuſcula, inferne alba, to- perfectly entire, on the upper fide green and mentoſa, utrinque pilis longis obfita, e centro roughith, on the under fide white and downy, foliorum ad baſin caulis, oriuntur ſtolones on both ſides beſet with long hairs, from the teretes, repentes, hirſuti, folioli, foliis utplu- center of the leaves, at the baſe of the ſtalk, rimum lanceolatis. ſpring one or more round, creeping, hirſute, leafy runners with leaves for the moſt part lanceolate. SCAPUS: ex una planta ſeu roſula exſurgit fcapus ple- STALK: from a fingle plant or off-ſet ariſes generally rumque folitarius, palmaris, Ipithamæus et one ſolitary ſtalk, from four to ſeven inches or ultra, erectus, teres, nudus, fiftulofus, inferne more in height, upright, round, naked, hol- pilofus, fuperne hirſutus, uniflorus. low, below hairy, above hirſute, ſupporting a fingle bloftom. FLORES pallide lutei, ſeu ſulphurei, extimis fofculis FLOWERS of a pale yellow or fulphur colour, the inferne purpurafcentibus. outermoſt florets purpliſh on the under ſide. CALYX communis imbricatus, ſquamis pluribus, lineari- CALYX: the common Calyx imbricated, the ſcales nu- bus, valde inequalibus. fig. 1, 2. hirſutis, pilis & merous, linear, very unequal. fig. 1, 2. hir- nigricantibus, ad lentem globiferis. fute, the hairs blackiſh, and when magnified globular at the extremity. COROLLA compofita, imbricata, uniformis; Corol'ulis COROLLA compound, imbricated and uniform, the hermaphroditis, numeroſis, æqualibus; propria Florets hermaphrodite, numerous, equal, and monopetala, Tubus pappo longior, albus, la- monopetalous. The Tube longer than the natus. Limbus planus, quinquedentatus lon- pappus, white and woolly. The Limb flat, gitudine tubi. fig. 3, 4. having five teeth, the length of the tube. fig. 3, 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque capillaria, brevif- STAMINĂ: five capillary FILAMENTS, very ſhort. An- fima. ANTHERÆ in tubum cylindricum, fla- THERÆ united in a cylindrical, yellow tube. vum coalitæ. fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum. Stylus filiformis, PISTILLUM: Germen oblong. Style filiform, the longitudine ſtaminum. STIGMATA duo, revo- length of the ſtamina. STIGMATA two, rolled luta. fig. 6. back. fig. 6. SEMEN oblongum, nigricans, ftriatum. Pappus fe- SEED oblong, blackiſh, ftriated. Down twice the length mine duplo longior, feffilis, fimplex, fig. 7, 8. of the feed, feffile, and ſimple. fig. 7, 8. The ancient botaniſts fancied ſome fimilitude betwixt the hairy leaves of this plant and a mouſe's ear, whence its name. Of the whole genus of Hawk-weed this is the moſt univerſally common in this country. It delights in dry and expoſed ſituations, which are frequently rendered barren by long continued drought, the funny bank, the lifeleſs wall, and arid heath, are often enamelled with its lively flowers, which appear in May and fune, and frequently produce a ſecond crop late in the ſummer. It has been received into the ſhops under the name of Auricula muris, and conſidered as poſſeſſing an aſtringent quality ; but at preſent, in this refpect, is but little regarded. Simon Pauli diſcovered on its roots ſmall tubercles, which he conſidered as the eggs of an unknown inſect; theſe have ſince proved to be a Coccus (Coccus Piloſella, Lin.) nearly related to the Coccus polonicus, an inſect uſed in dying. We have not heard of its having been obſerved here. fig. 5. a FIAT-H2U OMA JS200119 MUID ASH 70 21 JAUDAMADY DOT ATRIUonta: 19 MHASIH zim xam 2017 ideal loobust on estaparottOKOTI ARUTAM OTIROIMOS & Mast 11 lorofilinu oqulau di kot edinolo Bonci siecins gelei davola di UIDA SISI 0.00091029 butun bollisto Heloisaa tudies auditolon Sun UAS dintor obortil 2. 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OF cry ARCTIUM LA P P A. BURDOCK ARCTIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Cal. globofus ; fquamis apice hamis inflexis. Raii Syn. Gen. 9. HERBÆ FLORE EX FLORIBUS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO SIVE CAPITATE: ARCTIUM Lappa foliis cordatis inermibus petiolatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 603. Sp. Pl. 1143. Fl. Suec. n. 712 to LAPPA Haller Hif. n. 161. - 10 กก Soul LAPPA major ſeu Arctium Diofcoridis. Bauh. Pin. 198. beses vd bazen PERSONATA five Lappa major aut Bardana. J. B. III. 570. BARDANA major. Ger. emac. 809. oil boot BARDANA vulgaris major. Park, 1222. Raii Syn. 197. Great Burdock, Clot-burr. Lludjon. Fl. . Angl. ed. 2. p. 348. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 197. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 642. RADIX biennis, fimplex, profunde in terram defcendens, ? ROOT biennial, fimple, penetrating sleeply into the foris nigricans, intus alba. earth, externally blackiſh, internally white. CAULIS erectus, tripedalis et ultra, craffitudine pollicis, STALK upright, three feet high and more, the thick- ad baſin uſque ramoſiſſimus, teres, ſtriato-ſul- neſs of one's thumb, bránched quite down to catus, villoſus, purpurafcens. the bottom, round, grooved, but not deeply, hoary and purplich. FOLIA ampliffima, petiolata, alterna, cordata, fubtus LEAVES very large, ſtanding on footftalks, alternate, albida, venofa, margine ſubundulatâ, crenulata. heart-ſhaped, whitiſh underneath, veiny, the edge ſomewhat waved and notched. PETIOLI foliis breviores, fulcato-angulati, villofi. LEAF-STALKS ſhorter than the leaves, angular or grooved, and hoary. FLORES purparei, pedunculati, erecti, ramulis alterne FLOWERS purple, ſtanding on footſtalks, upright, difpofiti, ſuperne in capitula laxa collecti. diſpoſed alternately on the branches, and at the tops of them collected into looſe heads. CALYX communis globofus, imbricatus, glaber, filis CALYX common to all the florets globular, imbricated, araneofis intertextus, ſquamis exterioribus ſurface ſhining, cobwebby, the exterior fcales apice hamatis, hamis nitidis, acutiffimis, ſubin- hooked at the extremity, hooks ſhining, very flexis, fig. 1, 2. interioribus linearibus, apice ſharp, and ſomewhat bent in, fig. 1, 2. inner vivide purpureis, fimplicibus, fine hamis, ſcales linear, tops of a bright purple colour, ſimple, without hooks. COROLLA compoſita, calyce longior, tubulata, propria COROLLA Compound, longer than the calyx, tubular, infundibuliformis, tubo filiformi, albo, limbo Florets funnel-ſhaped, tube filiform, white, tubuloſo-campanulato, purpureo, quinque-fido, limb tubular, and fomewhat bell-ſhaped, of a acuto, erecto. purple colour, divided into five upright, pointed ſegments. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque alba, capillaria ; STAMINA : five white capillary FILAMENTS; An- ANTHERÆ cæruleſcentes, aut violaceæ, in tu- THERÆ blueiſh, or violet coloured, united bum extra corollam coalitæ. into a tube, which projects beyond the corolla. PISTILLUM: Germen ſubtriquetrum, album, incur- PISTILLUM: Germen ſomewhat three-cornered, vatum ; Stylus albus, ftaminibus longior, white, bending inward ; STYLE white, lon- utrinque fulcatum ; STIGMA bifidum. ger than the ſtamina, grooved on each ſide; STIGMA bifid. SEMINA oblonga, baſi attenuata, punctis prominentibus SEEDS oblong, tapering towards the baſe, crowned coronata, compreſia, fubangulata, reticulato- with ſmall prominent points, flattened, fome- rugoſa, exterioribus incurvatis, Pappus ob- what angular, ſurface wrinkly, in the form of foletus, rigidulus. fig. 3. net-work, outermoſt feeds bending inward. Down obſolete, fomewhat rigid. fig. 3. The antient botaniſts divided the Burdock, which they diſtinguiſhed by the ſeveral names of Lappa * Perſonata, and Aretium or Arcium into two principal ſpecies, viz. the Lappa major Arcium Diofc. C. B.; and the Lappa major montana capitulis tomontoſis five Aretium Diofc. C. B.; both of which are admirably figured by Matthiolus on wood, as indeed are moſt of the medicinal plants ; later botaniſts have made the ſpecies much more numerous; in the third edition of RAY's Synopſis we find no leſs than fix fpecies and one variety, viz. 1. Lappa major capitulo glabro maximo. 2. Lappa major Årcium Dioſcoridis. 3. Lappa major capitulis parvis glabris. 4. Lappa major montana capitulis tomentofis; five Arctium Diofcoridis. * Lappa dici poteft vel ato naCew prehendere vel dTÒ TÔ ndémav, i. e. lambere, quod prætereuntium veftibus adhæreat. Perforata autem dicitur, quod folia ejus prægrandia veluti larvæ aut perfonæ vice obtendi folita eflent. Veteribus Aretion aut Arcion dicta creditur, verum ratio nominis ignoratur. Raii Hift. p. 332. 5. Larpa m 3 [ 2 ] MUITOA 5. Lappa major montana, capitulis minoribus, rotundioribus & magis tomentofis. 6. Lappa major ex omni parte minor, capitulis parvis eleganter reticulatis. Lappa vulgaris major capitulis folioſis. "Var. All theſe are however confidered by the botaniſts of the preſent day as one fpecies, to which may be added a variety with white flowers, which often occurs. The Burdock is a very common plant by way fides, and in waſte places, and flowers in July and Auguft. In the ſize of its leaves it may ſometimes diſpute the palm with the Butterburr ; painters often introduce them in the foregrounds of their pictures, which they are admirably well calculated to embelliſh. No fort of cattle reliſh the foliage of this plant, but fnails, flugs, and many ſpecies of caterpillars feed on it deliciouſly; the pith produces its particular moth, which does not appear to be deſcribed by Linnæus, but is moſt accurately figured by Sepp*, and called by Aurelians the Mottled Orange, the caterpillar of this moth changes into chryſalis about the beginning of Auguft, during which month it may be found in that ſtate by ſplitting the ſtalks of ſuch plants as appear ſtinted in their growth; the moth comes out about the end of Auguſt, and is one of thoſe whoſe bodies are extremely apt to become greaſy, to prevent which the body ſhould be care- fully opened on the under ſide, and its contents taken out previous to its being placed in the cabinet. A ſmall larva, not peculiar to this plant, feeds alſo betwixt the coats of the leaf. The feeds, like thoſe of the thiſtle tribe, are fought for by ſeveral of the feathered ſongſters, and are even re- commended to fatten poultry u. The microſcope informs us, vide fig. 1, 2. why the burrs adhere ſo cloſely to one's cloaths, and why boys, who divert themfelves by throwing them at one another, have ſo much difficulty in extricating them from their hair. As a weed it is not ſo formidable as it appears to be, being a biennial the huſbandman has only to deſtroy its ſeedlings. The root and ſtalks are eſculent and nutritive; the ſtalks for this purpoſe ſhould be cut before the plant flowers, the rind peeled off, and then boiled and ſerved up in the manner of Chardoons, or eaten raw, as a fallad, with oil and vinegar. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 446. The feeds have a bitteriſh, ſubacrid taſte, they are recommended as very efficacious diuretics, given either in the form of emulſion or in powder to the quantity of a drachm. The roots taſte fweetiſh, with a ſlight auſterity and bitteriſhneſs; they are eſteemed aperient, diureric and ſudorific, and ſaid to act without irritation, ſo as to be ſafely ventured on in acute diſorders. Decoctions of them have of late been uſed in rheumatic, gouty, and other diſorders, and preferred by fome to thoſe of Sarſaparilla. Lewis's Diſp. p. 101. a * Nederlandſche InfeElen, t. 3. * Stirp. indig. Aragon. p. 113. acropol WATC oder ADET WITH darito DATIVE otsib CICHORIUM INTY BUS, BLUE SUCCORY. CICHORIUM Lin, Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. ſubpaleaceum. Cal. calyculatus. Pappus ſub-5-dentatus, obfolete pilofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. CICHORIUM Intybus floribus geminis ſeſſilibus, foliis runcinatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 602. Sp. Pl. p. 1142. Fl. Suec. n. 711. . CICHORIUM foliis pinnatis, pinnis triangularibus dentatis, floribus feffilibus. Haller Hif. 1. CICHORIUM Intybus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 991. CICHORIUM ſylveſtre five officinarum. Bauhin Pin. 126. INTYBUS ſylveſtris. Camer, epit. 285. CICHORIUM ſylveſtre. Ger. emac. 284. Parkinſ. 776. Raii Syn. p. 172. Wild Succory. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. P. 348. a a RADIX perennis, externe luteſcens, fuſiformi-cylindri- ROOT perennial, externally of a yellowiſh colour, ta- ca, etiam ramoſa, craſſitie digiti, ſpithamæa, pering very gradually to a point, alſo branched, fæpe pedalis, deſcendens, fibrillota, fibrillis the thickneſs of the finger, a ſpan, and often ſparſis, lactefcens, lacte albo. a foot in length, ſtriking downward, furniſhed with few ſmall fibres, milky, the milk of a white colour. CAULIS pedalis, ad tripedalem, erectus, rigidus, tor- STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, ri- tuofus, fcabridus, plerumque ramofiflimus. gid, crooked, roughiſh to the touch, and ge- nerally very much branched. FOLIA radicalia plurima, taraxaci, ſubaſpera, caulina #LEAVES at the root numerous, like thoſe of Dande- læviora, fubamplexicaulia, alterna. lion, roughiſh, thoſe of the ſtalk ſmoother, alternate, partly furrounding the item. FLORES plerumque bini, fpeciofi, feffiles, e foliorum FLOWERS growing generally in pairs, ſhowy, feffile, ſupremorum alis. ſpringing from the alæ of the uppermoſt leaves. CALYX communis calyculatus, fquamis exterioribus CALYX common to many florets, compoſed of a double quinque, ovatis, acutis, ſubpatentibus, pilis ſet of ſquamæ or leaves, the outermoſt of which glanduliferis ciliatis ; interioribus octo circiter, are five in number, ovate, pointed, ſomewhat lineari-lanceolatis, æqualibus, cylindrum an- ſpreading, edged with glandular hairs, the guloſum, viſcoſum, conſtituentibus. fig. 1, innermoſt about eight, narrow, equal, form- 2, 3, 4 ing an angular, clammy cylinder. fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. COROLLA compoſita, plana, uniformis, Corollulis COROLLA Compound, flat, regular, Florets herma- hermaphroditis, viginti circiter, cæruleis, Tu- phrodite, abont twenty in number, of a blue bus cylindricus, brevis, albus, apice dilatatus colour; Tube cylindrical, ſhort, white, di- et piloſus; Limbus planus, quinque-dentatus, lated at top and hairy ; Limb flat, with five fubtus nervoſus et villoſus. fig. 5. teeth at the extremity, on the under fide rib'd and villous. fig. 5. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque alba, capillaria, STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, of a white colour, very manifeſte libera ; ANTHER Æ ſaturate cæruleæ, flender, manifeſtly unconnected; ANTHERÆ in tubum cylindricum, angulatum coalitæ. of a deep blue colour, forming an angular, cy- lindrical tube. fig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen ſubconicum, album, pilis bre- PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat conic, crowned viffimis coronatum; Stylus filiformis, albus; with very ſhort hairs; Style thread-1haped, STIGMATA duo, cærulea, revoluta. fig. 7. white; STIGMATA two, of a blue colour, and rolled back. SEMINA plurima, in fundo calycis, nuda, ſubpenta- SEEDS numerous in the bottom of the calyx, naked, gona, margine pilis breviſſimis ciliata. fig. 8. irregularly five cornered, the edge crowned with very ſhort hairs. fig. 8. magnified. That beautiful plants are often noxious weeds, agriculturally conſidered, we have already noticed in the Biſtort, the field Convolvulus, the corn Poppy, and the perennial Perficaria ; the blue Succory adds another to the catalogue. Batterſea Fields, which exhibit bad huſbandry in perfection, produce this plant moſt plentifully; it flowers in July, Auguſt and September ; like the docks it increaſes itſelf much by feed, and is to be extirpated in the fame Some botaniſts have erroneouſly ſuppoſed this ſpecies of Succory to be the Endive in its wild ſtate, but its ſtrong perennial root ſufficiently evinces the contrary. The Cichorium Endivia, which is an annual or biennial, and grows wild in the Corn-fields of Spain, together with the Intybus *, is undoubtedly the parent of the culti- vated Endive, it is not ſo clear which of the two is the plant celebrated by Horace as conſtituting a part of his fimple diet, me paſcunt Olive Me Cichorea, leveſque Malve. It is not unfrequently found wild with white flowers, and it has been diſcovered that the fine blue colour of the petals is convertible into a brilliant red by the acid of Ants †; Mr. Miller the Engraver aſſured me, that in Germany the boys often amuſed themſelves in producing this change of colour by placing the bloſſoms in an ant hill. Wild Succory is an uſeful detergent, aperient, and attenuating medicine; acting without much irritation, tending rather to cool than heat the body, and at the ſame time corroborating the tone of the inteſtines. The juice taken in large quantities ſo as to keep up a diarrhæa, and continued for ſome weeks, has been found to pro- duce excellent effects in fcorbutic and other chronical diſorders. Lewis's Difp. p. 125. fig. 6. auct. manner. * D'Alo Stirp. Arragon, p. 113. + Trag. ad Brunfels. II. p. 274. 2011 w w M M w NAM NN 7 01 Cichorim Intybuis . e ионална BIDENS TRIPARTITA. TRIFID HEMP-AGRIMONY. BIDENS Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariſtis erectis ſcabris. Cal. imbricatus. Cor. rarius flofculo uno alterne radiante inſtruitur. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS CORYMBIFERÆ DICTÆ. BIDENS tripartita foliis trifidis, calycibus ſubfolioſis feminibus erectis. Lin. Syft . Vegetab. p. 610. Sp. Pl. 1165. Fl. Suec. 283. Lappon. p. 234. BIDENS foliis petiolatis trilobatis et quinque lobatis ferratis floribus circumvallatis. Haller Hif. n. 121. BIDENS tripartita. Scop. Fl. Carn. n. 1090. . VERBESINA ſeu Cannabina aquatica flore minus pulchro, elatior et magis frequens. 4. B. II. 1073. CANNABINA aquatica folio tripartito divifo. Bauh. pin. 321. EUPATORIUM cannabinum fæmina, Ger. emac. 711. EUPATORIUM aquaticum duorum generum. Parkinſ. p. 595. Raii Syn. p. 187. Water Hemp- Agrimony, with a divided Leaf. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 355. Lightfoot . . Fl. Scot. p. 461. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa, fibris albidis. ROOT annual, ſimple and fibrous, fibres whitiſh. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus, ramoſus (ramis STALK from one to three feet high, upright, branched, oppoſitis), teretiufculus, modice fulcatus, ru- (the branches oppoſite), roundiſh, moderately bens, folidus, glaber, ſcabriuſculus. grooved, of a reddiſh colour, ſolid, ſmooth to appearance, but ſlightly rough to the touch. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, connata, glabra, tripartita, LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on footſtalks, which unite aut etiam quinque partita, laciniis profunde at the baſe, ſmooth, divided into three, and ſerratis, fuprema indiviſa, dentato-ferrata, aut ſometimes five ſegments, which are deeply etiam integra, pilis haud infrequenter ciliata. ferrated, the uppermoſt leaves undivided, either indented at the edge, or entire, and not un- frequently edged with hairs. FLORES lutei, terminales, fubnutantes. FLOWERS yellow, terminal, drooping a little. CALYX : Foliola plura, plerumque integra, lanceo- CALYX: ſeveral, ſmall, lanceolate leaves, generally lata, ciliata, flores involucri inſtar ambientia ; entire, but edged with hairs ſurrounding the ſquamæ calycis communis ovato lanceolatæ, flowers like an involucrum; the ſcales of the integræ, lineis plurimis, nigricantibus, paral- calyx common to all the florets are ovate and lelis, pictæ, marginibus flaveſcentibus. fig. 1. pointed, entire at the edge, and painted with numerous blackiſh lines, the edges are yel- lowiſh. fig. 1. COROLLULÆ hermaphroditæ, tubulofæ, infundibuli- FLORETS hermaphrodite, tubular, funnel-ſhaped, of formes, luteæ, ſtriis quinque purpureis externe a yellow colour, marked externally with three notatæ ; limbo quinquefido, ſuberecto. fig. 2. purpliſh ſtripes, the limb divided into five ſeg- ments, which are nearly upright. fig. 2. STAMINA : FILAMENTA quinque capillaria ; AN- STAMINA: five capillary FILAMENTS; ANTHERÆ THERÆ in tubum cylindricum coalitæ. fig. 3. united into a cylindrical tube. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubcompreſſum, angulatum, PISTILLUM: GERMEN flattiſh, angular, broadeſt at ſuperne latius, ariſtis tribus plerumque inſtruc- top, generally furniſhed with three awns, of tum, unicâ breviore ; fig. 3. Stylus ſimplex, which one is ſhorter than the reſt; fig. 3. longitudine ftaminum ; STIGMATA duo ob- STYLE ſimple, the length of the ſtamina ; longa, reflexa. fig. 4, 5. STIGMATA two, oblong, turning back. fig. 4, 5. SEMEN oblongum, compreffum, angulatum, fuſcum, SEED oblorg, flat, angular, brown, furniſhed with two ariftis duabus feu tribus retrorſum ſcabro ha- or three awns, which are hooked or barbed matis inſtructum. fig. 6. downward. fig. 6. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, planum, paleis lan- * RECEPTACLE chaffy and flat, ſcales or chaff, narrow, ceolato-linearibus, lineatis, deciduis. fig. 7. marked with lines and deciduous. fig. 7. . This ſpecies of Bidens is much more common than the cernua, as that is generally found in the water, this more frequently occurs on the borders of ponds, rivulets, &c. where it flowers in the months of Auguſt and September, at the cloſe of which it ripens its ſeeds. It is obviouſly diſtinguiſhed from the cernua by having its leaves, for the moſt part, divided into three feg- ments, whence its name; this character is more to be depended on than the uprightneſs of its flowers, as they generally droop a little when the plant is in perfection. LINNÆUS, and other writers, recommend it as a plant that will dye both linen and woollen of a yellow colour, for this purpoſe the yarn or flax muſt be firſt ſteeped in allum-water, then dried and ſteeped in a decoction of the plant, and afterwards boiled in the decoction. Haller. Hiſt. Helv. p. 52. 237 En V Bidens tripartita . SNIE OF M 245 2. Jasione montana 3: -2 mo JASIONE MONTANA. HAIRY SHEEP's-SCABIOUS, JASIONE Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA: Cal. communis 10-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala, regularis. Capf. infera, bilocularis JASIONE montana. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 666. Spec. Pl. p. 1317. Fl. Suec. n. 782. RAPUNCULUS foliis linearibus fubáſperis, ſpica planiuſcula, petalis liberis. Haller Hift. n. 678. RAPUNCULUS ſcabiofæ capitulo cæruleo. Baubin Pin. 92. RAPUNTIUM montanum capitatum leptophyllon. Col. Ecphr. 1. p. 226. t. 227. SCABIOSA globularis quam ovinam vocant y. B. III. 12. SCABIOSA minima hirſuta. Ger. emac. 223. Raii Syn. p. 275. Hairy Sheep's Scabious, or rather Rampions with Scabious Heads. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 377. Lightfoot Fl: Scot. p. 377. RADIX annua, lignofa, albida, fibrofa. ROOT annual, rigid, whitiſh and fibrous. CAULES plures, fuberecti, ſpithamæi, etiam pedales et STALKS ſeveral, nearly upright, about a ſpan in length, ultra, rigiduli, ramoſi, hirſuti. but ſometimes a foot or more, rather rigid, branched, and beſet with ſhort rough hairs FOLIA plurima, feffilia, lineari-lanceolata, obtufiul- LEAVES numerous, feffile, between linear and lanceo- cula, undulata, hirſuta. late, bluntiſh, waved and hirſute. FLORES capitati, cærulei, fummitatibus ramorum in- FLOWERS of a blue colour, growing in little heads fidentes. on the tops of the branches. CALYX : Perianthium commune polyphyllum : foliolis CALYX: the Perianthium common to all the florets com- alternis, interioribus anguſtioribus, includens poſed of many leaves, which are alternate, flores plurimos pedunculis breviffimis adnexos, thoſe of the inner-row narroweſt, including perſiſtens. fig. is numerous flowers fitting on very ſhort foot- ſtalks, and permanent. fig. 1. Perianthium proprium quinquefidum, fuperum The Perianthium of each floret deeply divided into perſiſtens. five ſegments above the germen, and permanent. COROLLA propria pentapetala : Petalis lanceolatis, COROLLA: each floret compoſed of five lanceolate, erectis, baſi connexis. fig. 2. upright Petals, connected at the baſe. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, fubulata, brevia. STAMINA: five tapering ſhort FILAMENTS; ANTHERÀ Antheræ quinque, oblongæ, baſi connexæ. five, oblong, connected at the baſe. fig. 3. fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, inferum. STY-PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh, below the Corolla. Lus filiformis, longitudine Corollæ. STIGMA STYLE filiform, the length of the corolla. clavatum, purpureum. fig. 4, 5. STIGMA club-ſhaped and purpliſh. fig. 4, 5. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA fubrotunda, quinquangu- SEED-VESSEL: a roundith CAPSULE, having five laris, coronata calyce proprio, bilocularis. angles with two cavities, and crowned by the calyx proper to it. SEMINA plura, fubovata. * SEEDS numerous, ſomewhat ovate. a This little plant, which in its general appearance fo much reſembles a Scabious, is very common on dry, fandy ground, eſpecially about Coomb Wood, and Hampſtead, and moſt hilly ſituations near London, and elſewhere. It varies much in fize, and is ſometimes, though very rarely, found with white bloſſoms. It flowers from June to Auguft. LINNÆUS remarks, that Bees are particularly fond of its flowers, al ainul ALDO . attor not гол загалі аталіче елно то on the Бір запор і кладе OPHRYS SPIRALIS. LADIES TRACES. OPHRYS Lin. Gen. Pl. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. NeEtarium fubtus fubcarinatuin. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ RADICE BULBOSA PRÆDIT Æ. OPHRYS Spiralis bulbis aggregatis oblongis, caule ſubfolioſo, floribus ſecundis, nectarii labio indiviſo crenato. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 677. Sp. Pl. 1340. EPIPACTIS bulbis cylindricis, fpica ſpirali, labello crenulato. Haller. Hift. n. 1294. SERAPIAS Spiralis. Scopoli Flor. Carn. n. 1125. ORCHIS ſpiralis alba odorata. 1. B. II. 769. TRIORCHIS alba odorata minor, atque etiam major. Bauhin. Pin. 84. TRIORCHIS. Ger. emac. 218. Parkins. 1354 Raii Syn. p. 378. Triple Ladies Traces. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 388. RADIX fit uno, duobus, tribus, quatuorve bulbis, ob- ROOT conſiſts of one, two, three, or four oblong, longis, acuminatis, villofis. pointed, villous bulbs. FOLIA radicalia quatuor, et ultra, ſupra terram expanſa, LEAVES next the root four, or more, ſpread out on the ovata, acuta, hinc convexa, inde cava, ſemun- ground, ovate, pointed, convex on one ſide, ciam lata, ad lentem punctata, obſolete ner- and concave on the other, half an inch in vofa. breadth, dotted when magnified, and faintly ribbed. SCAPUS ſpithamæus, foliofus, foliis vaginantibus, pu- STALK fix or ſeven inches high, leafy, leaves ſheathy, befcentibus, margine membranaceis. downy, and membranous at the edge. FLORES ex albo-virefcentes, odorati, quindecim et FLOWERS of a greeniſh white colour, fragrant, fifteen ultra, Spiræ modo difpofiti. and more in number, Spirally diſpoſed. BRACTÆA oblonga, acuminata, cava, villoſa, germi- FLORAL-LEAF oblong, pointed, hollow, villous, of nis cum dimidio floris longitudine. fig. 1. the length of the germen, and half the flower, fig. 1. PETALA quinque, alba, ſubæqualia, villoſula, tria fu- * PETALS five, white, nearly equal, ſomewhat villous, periora ſubcoadunata, recta, duo lateralia cari- the three uppermoſt very ſlightly connected nata, lanceolata, fig. 2, 3. ; labellum NeƐtarii together, ſtraight, the two ſide ones keeled and obtuſum, crenulatum, intus viridulum, conca- lanceolate, fig. 2, 3.; the lip of the Ne&tary vum, fig. 4. auct. fig. 5. blunt, finely notched, green within and hol- low, fig. 4. magnified, fig. 5. GÉRMEN feffile, ovatum, lineis duabus lateralibus ex- GERMEN feffile, ovate, marked with two protuberant tantibus notatum. fig. 6. ſide lines. fig. 6. The Rev. Dr. GOODENOUGH, of Ealing, kindly communicated to us this plant, having found it ſparingly on Hanwel Heath, near Ealing : though ſcarce with us, in many parts of England, eſpecially the more northern, it is not uncommon. It grows in paſtures, both dry and moiſt, and does not particularly affect a chalky ſoil. In the garden it grows more readily than moſt of its tribe, and flowers later, its uſual month of blowing being September. The protuberant germina, placed regularly one above another, ſomewhat reſemble plaited hair, whence, perhaps, its name of Ladies Traces. The flowers are fragrant, and, by the ſpiral manner in which they grow, form a curious ſpecific character. Baron HALLER, who has taken infinite pains with the plants of this tribe, has not very happily expreſſed this ſpecies; his artiſt appears to have had an unnatural ſpecimen to copy from. The Ladies Traces varies much in ſize as well as in the number of its roots. a 270 A Ophrys spiralis. IN OF pic 28.7 xX 6 Caror riparia . FI CH. 7 CAREX RIPARIA. GREAT OR COMMON CAREX. CAREX Lin. Gen. Pl. MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Masc. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. 1. phyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. 1. phyllus. Cor. o. Nectarium inflatum, 3. dentatum. Stigm. 3: Sen. Triquetrum, intra nectarium. Raii Synop. Gen. 28. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ NON CULMIFERÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STA- MINEO. CAREX riparia fpicis maſculis pluribus triquetris nigricantibus, acutis, ſquamis ariſtato acuminatis, cap- ſulis ſubinflatis, bicornibus. CAREX acuta fpicis mafculis pluribus, femineis fubpedunculatis, erectis, capfulis ovato-lanceolatis ariſtato- acuminatis furcatis. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 413. CAREX fpicis mafculis ternis, femineis numeroſis, erectis, breviffime petiolatis, capſulis bicornibus, Haller, hiſt. n. 1-404. et forſan 1398 et 1399. CAREX, acuta. Lightfoot, Fl. Scot. p. 565. GRAMEN cyperoides cum pànicalis nigris. 4.B. 2. 494. Raii Hift. 1292. GRAMEN cyperoides latifolium ſpica rufa five caule triangulo. Bauh. Pin. 6. GRAMEN cyperoides. Ger. emac. 1 2. GRAMEN cyperoides majùs latifolium. Park. 1265. Raii Syn. 417. Great vernal Cyperus-graſs. CYPEROIDES aquaticum, maximum, foliis vix unciam latis, caule exquiſite triangulari, fpicis habi- tioribus, erectis, ſquamis in ariſtam longius productis, capfulis oblongis, bifidis. Michel. Nov. Gen. Tab. 32. fig. 7. et 6. a RADIX perennis, repens. ROOT perennial and creeping, CULMUS in aquofis bi ſeu tripedalis, foliofus, nodofus, STALK in wet ſituations two or three feet high, leafy, ftriatus, triqueter, angulis acutis, afperis. jointed, ftriated, the angles ſharp and rough. FOLIA ſemunciam lata, glauca, carinata, ad margines | LEAVES half an inch broad, glaucous keeled, the keel carinamque aſpera, vaginantia, vagina una cum as well as the edges rough, ſheathing the ſtalk, inferiore parte folii pulchre reticulata. the ſheath, together with the lower part of the leaf, beautifully reticulated. SPICÆ maſculæet femineæ diſtinctæ, maſculæ, plerumque, SPIKES of the male and female diſtinct, thoſe of the tres, ad quinque, erectæ, nigricantes, trique- male generally from three to five, upright, træ, acutæ, congeftæ, bra&tæatæ, fuprema biun- blackith, three-cornered, pointed, cluſtered and ciali, inferioribus brevioribus inæqualibus, fe- furniſhed with floral leaves, the uppermoſt mineæ tot quot maſculæ, ovato-acutæ, peduncu- about two inches in length, the lowermoft latæ, plerumque erectæ, aliquando etiam pen- ſhorter and unequal ; female ſpikes as numerous dulæ, fupremis feffilibus, androgynis. as thoſe of the male, ovate, pointed, ſtanding on footſtalks, generally upright, but ſometimes pendulous, the uppermoſt feffile and androgy- nous. Flos MASC. MALE Flower. CALYX : Squama plurimæ, imbricatæ, lanceolata, ariſta- CALYX: Scales numerous, imbricated, lanceolate, run- to-acuminatæ, e nigro purpurafcentes. fig. 1. ning out to a long beard-like point, of a purp- lith black colour, fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, filiformia, alba; An- STAMINA: thre FILAMENTS, thread-ſhaped and white; THERÆ tenues, luteæ, mucronatæ. fig. 2. ANTHERÆ ſlender, yellow, and terminated by a ſhort point. fig. 2. Flos. FEM FEM. FLOWER CALYX: Squamå ut in maſc. in ferne vero latiores et ſu CALYX: Scales as in the male, but broader below, and perne magis luculenter ariftatæ, ariſtâ ferrulata. more evidently bearded above, the awn finely fig. 3; ſawed or toothed, fig. 3. NECTARIUẢ germen continens, ovatum, glabrum, NECTARY containing the germen, ovate, ſmooth, with bicorne. fig. 4. auct. demum inflatum, acu- two horns, fig. 4. magu. finally inflated, minatum, ftriatum, fufcum. fig. 6. magn.natur. pointed, ſtriated, and of a brown colour. fig. 6. nat. fize. PISTILLUM: Germen parvum, ovatum, glabrum ; PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſmall, ovate, ſmooth ; Style STYLUS filiformis, nudus, nectario paulo lon- filiform, naked, a little longer than the nectary; gior ; STIGMATA tria, villoſa, alba, ſubulata. STIGMATA three, villous, white and tapering. fig. 5 magnif. SEMEN unicum, triquetrum, intra Nectarium. fig. 7- SEED fingle, three-cornered, incloſed in the Nectary, fig: 7. nat. ſize. fig. 5. auct. mag. nat. a In a former number of this work we gave a figure and deſcription of the Carex pendula, one of the largeſt, as well as moſt diſtinct ſpecies of this genus ; we here preſent our readers with three more of this numerous and difficult tribe. Our motive for publiſhing them in the fame number is, that they may the more readily be compared together, and their ſeveral diſtinguiſhing characters be more forcibly impreffed. In herborizing it is a practice with me to endeavour at acquiring a perfect knowledge of every plant which occurs in all its poſſible varieties ; the greater the difficulty I find in the attempt, the more minute is my enquiry. Theſe inveſtigations have to my great ſatisfaction often terminated in ſome new diſcovery, which has placed the plant in a more conſpicuous light than before ; ſuch has been the happy reſult in the preſent inſtance. In paſſing through Bat- ter ſea meadows I had frequently noticed the three Carices here figured, which I was taught to conſider as the ſame ſpecies, varying only from particular circumſtances, but fo great was the variation, that I never could perfectly recon- cile myſelf to the idea. I ſhall here relate the ſeveral characters which ſtruck me firſt, and gave me the idea of their being different. It was the pointed, triangular, black heads or male ſpikes of the riparia, the bluntneſs not only of the хала исимо до тлая AISIAIS AD INOM XXAD motor tudio KAZAD TEEMA VIELAS ainboard slope di una យប់ន។ sonu ANO Si crimei 193 55 Saroniup bis 2014 door acortoivoid anditonsini se top 10 esta obranu pilnai suprautalaissut module YA que or MOTO KELAD ITUO ал АО chor be CHADO als de om la quota also bi Boat Domowolari Tiitto og lagres bapoca ti od ootcamsel to it 19 To trofes ogle 10 Com adavre viscutat no slott CAREX ACUTA. ACUTE ACUTE CAREX. CAREX acuta fpicis maſculis pluribus, obtufis, fquamis obtufiufculis, caule acutangulo. CAREX acuta fpicis maſculis pluribus, femineis fubfeflilibus, capſulis obtufiufculis. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p.706. Sp. Pl. p. 1388. Fl. Suec. n. 857. CAREX glauca Scopoli Fl. Corn. n. 1157.? CYPEROIDES foliis Caryophylleis, caule exquiſite triangulari, fpicis habitioribus, ſquamis curtis, obtuse mucronatis, capſulis turbinatis, brevibus, confertis. Michel Nov. Gen. p. 62. tab. 32. f. 12. GRAMEN cyperoides foliis caryophylleis vulgatiſfimum. Raii bift. 1292. CAREX cælpitofa var 2. Ligbtjoot Fl. Scot.? fig. 4. f RADIX perennis, repens. * ROOT perennial, and creeping. CULMUS in aquoſis, bipedalis et ultra, folioſus, nodoſus, STALK in wet ſituations, two feet high, and upwards, ftriatus, triqueter, angulis acutis, afperis. leafy, jointed, ftriated, three cornered, the angles Tharp, and rough. FOLIA tres lineas lata, glauca, carinata, ad margines LEAVES, three lines in breadth, glaucous, keeled, the carinamque afpera edges and keel rough. SPICÆ mafculæ et femineæ diſtinctæ, mafcula plerum- SPIKES, male and female, diftinct; male ſpikes generally que tres, erectæ, remotiuſculæ, oblongæ, ob- three, upright, at a little diſtance from each tufæ, e purpureo-nigræ feu fufcæ, fuprema fef- other, oblong, obtuſe, of a purpliſh, black, or cunciali, inferioribus brevioribus, inæqualibus, brown colour, the uppermoſt an inch and a bracteatæ, bracteâ inferiore fpicis breviore: fe- half in length, the lower ones ſhorter and un- mineæ duæ, vel tres, longiores, et graciliores, equal, furniſhed with floral leaves, of which pedunculatæ, plerumque erectæ, apicibus fæpe the lowermoſt is ſhorter than the ſpikes; fe- maſculis. male ſpikes two or three, longer and ſlenderer than the male, ſtanding on footſtalks, for the moſt part upright, the tips frequently male. FLOS Masc. MALE FLOWER. SQUAMÆ plurimæ, arcte imbricatæ, ovato-oblongæ, ob- SCALES, numerous, clofely imbricated, of an ovate tutæ, e fuſco-purpureæ, nervo medio virefcente. oblong ſhape, obtuſe, of a browniſh purple co- fig. 1. lour, the midrib greeniſh, fig. I STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, filiformia, alba; An- STAMINA: Three FILAMENTS, filiform, and white; THERÆ luteæ. fig. 2. ANTHERÆ, yellow, fig. 2. Flos FEM. FEMALE FLOWER. SQUAMÆ ovato-acuminatæ, fuperne ad lentem denti- & SCALES ovate, and pointed, the upper part when mag- culis ciliatæ, fig. 3. nified edged with fine teeth, fig. 3. NECTARIUM ovatum, glabrum, ore fæpius bidentato, NECTARY ovate ſmooth, the mouth moſt commonly having two teeth, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN parvum, intra nectarium ; $ PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſmall , within the nectary; STYLUS nectario paulo longior; STIGMATA STYLE a little longer than the nectary; Stig- tria, patentia. fig. 5. MATA three, ſpreading, fig. 5. SEMEN triquetrum, fig. 8. 9. intra nectarium biden- SEED three cornered, fig. 8. 9. contained within a tatum. fig. 6.7. nectary having two teeth, fig. 6.7. the ſpikes themſelves, but of the ſcales compoſing the male ſpikes of the acuta, and the narrow leaves and flender appearance of the ſpikes in the gracilis, joined to the want of that glaucous hue in the leaves, ſo conſpicuous in thoſe of the two former; impreffed with theſe general appearances, I carried home their roots, and planted them in my garden, and found at the expiration of two years that they ſtill kept up the ſame appearances. I then attended more minutely to their parts of fructification, and found ſufficient to convince me, and I truſt every unprejudiced perſon, that they are three ſpecies immutably diſtinct. The largeſt and perhaps the moſt generally common of the three is our riparia, which we have diſtinguiſhed by that name, from its being found on the edges of rivers, it will alſo grow in the middle of a ditch or pond, and if ſuffered to encreaſe will quickly fill up any piece of water, being in this refpect almoſt equal to the Poa aquatica, and Typha latifolia; it alſo, by means of its powerfully creeping roots, eaſily makes its way through any mooriſh ground, and hence is often found in meadows themſelves, and though much ſmaller in ſuch fituations, its ſtriking characters are equally diſtinct. Where it grows luxuriantly, its ſpikes, eſpecially the lowermoſt of the female ones, frequently become branched, which gives them a very outrè appearance, that may puzzle for a moment: as the male ſpikes on their firſt appearance are to eaſily diſtinguiſhed by their pointed and angular appearance, ſo the female ſpikes, when nearly ripe, are diſtinguiſhed from the two others by having large, ſomewhat inflated, and pointed capſules, ſlightly bifid at the extremity. The ſynonyms of this and the two other ſpecies are ſo confounded together, that to trace them through all the writers that have written on the ſubject would be an endleſs taſk, it will be ſufficient therefore to have quoted a few which may be depended on. The Acuta is next in fize, at leaſt with reſpect to the breadth of its leaves, to the Riparia, and is found in ſitua- tions exactly ſimilar, indeed they very frequently grow together, and, from the great fimilarity of their foliage, may eaſily be confounded; when young, the bluntneſs of its male ſpikes and obtufeneſs of their Squamæ, ſo as totally to want any kind of Ariſta, invariably diſtinguiſhes it from the Riparia, and though there is frequently a tendency in theſe ſpikes to be three-cornered, yet the angles are always very obtuſe, to which we may add that the colour of them before the Antheræ come forth is much brighter, and ſometimes a ſpike is found perfectly brilliant; the few male ſpikes, as well as thoſe of the male, are fewer in number, as well as ſmaller ; nor have they that tendency to be pendulous which thoſe of the Riparia frequently have, the Capſules when ripe are alſo much ſmaller, more nu- merous, and no ways inflated, but very ſimilar to thoſe of the gracilis; we may further remark, that while the Squamæ in the male Spikes before the burſting forth of the Antheræ are invariably obtuſe, thoſe of the female ſpikes are pointed, and that while this plant in its ſtrong ſtate may eaſily be miſtaken for the Riparia, in its weak ſtate it approaches very near the recurva, which alſo is a ſpecies perfectly diſtinct. If a Carex acuta ONA OR 기 ​Y z 4 6.4 V OFI Carex gracilis . 710 CAREX Carex GRACILIS. SLENDER SPIKED CAREX. Oldas CAREX gracilis fpicis mafculis et femineis pluribus, fubfiliformibus, floribus digynis. CAREX nigra verna vulgaris. Lin. Fl. Lap. 330.? CYPEROIDES anguſtifolium, caule exquifite triangulari, aſpero, fpicis floriferis prælongis, tenuioribus, feminalibus autem fpicis biuncialibus, et habitioribus, erectis, ſquamis brevibus acutis, capfulis fpadicco viridibus, rhomboideis, fubtriquetris. Micheli Nov. Gen. p. 60. n. 40. GRAMEN cyperoides majus anguſtifolium. Park, 1265. Raii bjt. 1293. "Syn. p. 417. n. 2. Great narrow. Leaved vernal Cyperus-grafs. a a fig. 3 RADIX perennis, repens. * ROOT perennial and creeping. CIJLMUS in aquofis bi feu tripedalis, in pratis humilior, STALK, in watery ſituations two or three feet high, in foliofus, nodofus, triqueter, angulis acutis, af- meadows not ſo tall, leafy, jointed, three cor- perrimis. nered, the angles ſharp and very rough to the touch FOLIA radicalia longa, viridia, vix glauca, lineas duas LEAVES from the root long, of a green colour, ſcarcely lata, ad margines et carinam aſpera, vaginantia, glaucous, two lines in breadth, on the edges braćtaalia lineam cum dimidia lata, inferiore and midrib rough, ſheathing the ſtalk, braci al viola (florente planta) fpicis longiore. leaves a line and a half in breadth, the lower- wood moft, while the plant is in flower, longer than பா the ſpikes. SPICÆ maſculæ et femineæ diftinétæ, mafculæ plerum- SPIKES, both male and female, growing diflingly, the que tres, e fufco nigricantes, graciles, obſolete male generally three in number, of a browniſh triquetræ, nutantes, terminalis biuncialis, in black colour, ſlender, faintly three cornered, ferior duplo aut triplo brevior, infima fæpius drooping, the terminal 1pike about two inches androgyna, longior, femineæ tres aut quatuor, in length, the next below twice or thrice as teretes, graciles, longitudine maſculi terminalis, Thort, the lowermoſt for the moſt part andro- deſfiles feu breviter pedunculatæ, fuberecti, ni- gynous and longer, female three or four, round, gricantes. flender, length of the terminal male ſpike, feffile or ſtanding on fhort footitalks, nearly upright and blackiſh. Mas. Male. SQUAMÆ ovato-acutæ, arcte imbricatæ, carinatæ, e SCALES ovate, pointed, lying cloſely one over another, purpureo nigricantes, carina, lubviridi. fig. 1. keeled, of purplith black colour, the keel auct. greeniſh, fig. 1. magnif. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria, alba; AN- STAMINA: three FILAMENTS, flender and white; THERÆ lineares, flavæ, fig. 2. ANTHERÆ linear and yellow, fig. 2. FEM. SQUAMÆ mafc. fimiles, magis vero oblongæ ac ob- SCALES as in the male, but more oblong and blunter, tufæ. fig. 3. NECTARIUM oblongum, glabrum, ore integro ; NECTARY, oblong, ſmooth, the mouth entire; Ger- GERMEN minimum ; Stylus nectario longior; MEN very imall; Style longer than the Nec- STIGMATA duo, villoſa, fig. 4. 5. tary ; STIGMATA, two, villous, fig. 4. 5. SEMEN triquetrum, minimum, intra nectarium. fig. 6. SEED, three-cornered, very minute, within the nectary, fig. 6. If the ſeaſon be mild, this plant and the Riparia flower in April, and ripen their feeds in June and July. The gracilis, though a ſlenderer plant both in ſtalks, leaves, and tpikes is equal in height where it grows in fi- milar ſituations to either of the other two, but as this has a greater tendency at leaſt in Batterſea Meadows to grow among the herbage, it is frequently found ſhorter, and ſometimes large patches of its foliage are viſible without any flowering ſpikes. This ipecies is diſtinguiſhed from the other two, not only by having narrower leaves, which want the glaucous colour of the other two, and flenderer ſpikes, which in their young itate are remarkably pendulous, ſo as at firſt fight to give this plant an appearance of the Carua pendula, but the female flowers are conſtantly and invariably di- gynous. My moſt obliging friend Dr. GOODENOUGH, to whom I had communicated my thoughts on this ſubject, examining theſe plants with his uſual accuracy, anticipated me in the diſcovery of this moſt important, moſt necef- fary character; a character which in a moment decidedly diſtinguiſhes betwixt two plants, which without it would for ever have been liable to be confounded. We ſhould have been inclined to fuppofe that our gracilis was the acuta of Linnæus, had he not quoted Micheli's figure, to which he adds the epithet bona, that figure is a tolerable repreſentation of our acuta, but the ſpikes are far too thick for thoſe of the gracilis . This ſpecies, which is equally common with the two others, flowers a week or two later. Agriculturally conſidered, it is perhaps doubtful, whether we are to rank the Carices with the uſeful or the noxious plants; from what we have hitherto obſerved, we ſhould rather claſs them with the latter, not but we think the Yunci, Scirpi, &c. infinitely more injurious, yet ſtill they occupy the room of better graffes; their principal merit is, that they afford early pafturage, yet their foliage is harth and rough, and productive of indifferent hay; and ſuch is the opinion of LINNÆUS, who, in his Flora Lappon, remarks that the Husbandman is not fond of ſuch meadows as are overrun with Carices, as they afford bad fodder and unprofitable paſturage “ nec pingueſcat bos carice paſius acuta; unfortunately, however, when the preſent ſpecies, or ſuch as have ſimilar creeping roots, have once got pof- feffion of the ſoil, they are the moſt difficult plants poffible to eradicate. As articles of rural economy, they are in many inſtances highly uteful; in Hampſhire, Surry, and perhaps other hop counties, the leaves of theſe three ſpecies are uſed indiſcriminately under the name of Sedge, for tying the young hop plants to the poles. Micheli in forms us, that in Italy they are uſed to cover their wine flaſks, to make the common fort of chair bottoms, and that the Coopers in making tubs, &c. place them betwixt the ſtaves to make them water-tight: to the comfort of the Laplander, they contribute in a high degree by defending him from the fe- verity a a 66 are verity of the weather; this is ſo particularly deſcribed by Linnæus in his Flor. Lappon, that we ſhall tranſlate it for ſuch of our readers as may not have an opportunity of conſulting the original, now become very ſcarce. “ Thou wilt wonder, perhaps, curious reader, in what manner human beings are capable of preſerving life during 56 the intenſe ſeverity of a winter's froſt in Lapland, a part of the world deſerted on the approach of winter by almoit “every kind of bird and beaſt. “ The inhabitants of this in hoſpitable climate are obliged to wander with their Rhendeer flocks continually in the " woods ; not only in the day-time, but through the longeſt winter nights, their cattle are never houſed, nor do they o eat any other food than Liverwort, hence the herdſmen; to ſecure them from wild beaſts, and other accidents, are 46 of neceſſity kept perpetually with them. The darkneſs of their nights is in a great degree overcome and rendered more tolerable by the light of the ſtars reflected from the fnow, and the Aurora Borealis, which in a thouſand fan- • taſtic forms nightly illumines their hemiſphere. The cold is intenſe, ſufficient to frighten and drive us foreigners “ from their happy woods. No part of our bodies are ſo liable to be deſtroyed by cold as the extremities, which ſituated fartheſt from the heart; the chilblains of the hands and feet, ſo frequent with us in Sweden, ſufficiently " indicate this. In no part of Lapland do we find the inhabitants affected with chilblains, though in reſpect to “ country one would expect them to be peculiarly ſubject to this diſeaſe, eſpecially as they wear no ſtockings, while 4 we cloath ourſelves in one, two, and even three pair. “ A Laplander preſerves himſelf from the violence of cold in the following manner; he wears breeches, or rather “ trowſers made of the rough ſkin of the Rhendeer, which reach to his ankles, and ſhoes made of the ſame ma- 66 terial, the hair turned outward; this graſs, cut down in the ſummer, dried, rubbed betwixt the hands, and after- “ wards combed or carded, he puts into his ſhoes, ſo as not only wholly to enwrap his feet, but the lower part of is his legs alſo, which, thus defended, never ſuffer from the ſevereſt cold; with this graſs he alſo fills his hairy gloves to preſerve his hands, and thus are thoſe hardy people enabled to bear the froſt. As this graſs in the winter drives away cold, ſo in the ſummer it checks the perſpiration of the feet, and pre- « ſerves them from being injured by ſtones, &c. in travelling, for their ſhoes are extremely thin, being made of un- “ tanned ſkins. It is difficult to learn, on enquiry, what the particular ſpecies of graſs is which is thus in requeſt " with theſe people, as tome uſe one fort, ſome another. It is, however, always fome ſpecies of Carex, and we “ underſtood chiefly this." It is no leſs difficult to underſtand what ſpecies LINNÆvs himſelf means: he quotes Moriſon's figure, which is our ſylvatica; yet, ſays that the Carex grows in paludibus limo plenis , which that plant never does with us, it is moſt likely, in our opinion, to be one or all of the three common ſpecies here figured. mo miestoro US OCCORD fout als ord 1o de month old ATDI TAIT DAGE radno de sig Hortonton presidroded olie of IT bol O Tools ODO 000 barildo on Mccon brolano dards : 1. vin bodo oldstado uodet benil odbo om 8 3. 3 Parietaria officinalis V H. OF 210 PARIETARIA OFFICINALIS. PELLITORY OF THE WALL. 702 PARIETARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYGAMIA MONOECIA. holna HERMAPHROD. Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. o. Stamina 4. Styl. 1. Sem. 1. fuperum, elongatum. Fem. Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. o. Stam. o. Stylus 1. Sem. 1. fuperum, elongatum. Spit Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HerBÆ FloRE IMPERFECTo seu stAMINEO VEL APETALO POTIUS. PARIETARIA officinalis foliis lanceolato-ovatis, pedunculis dichotomis, calycibus diphyllis. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 763. Sp. Pl. p. 1492. PARIETARIA foliis elliptico-lanceolatis, hirſutis. Haller. Hif. p. 162. PARIETARIA officinalis. Scopoli Fl. Carn, n. 1242. PARIETARIA officinarum et Diofcoridis. Bauh. pin. 121. HELXINE Camerar. Epit. p. 849. PARIETARIA Ger. emac. 331. vulgaris Parkinſ. 437. Raii Syn. p. 158. Pellitory of the Wall. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 635. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 442. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 521. be RADIX perennis, fublignofa, rubens, fibrofa. ROOT perennial, fomewhat woody, of a red colour, and fibrous. CAULES plures, fuberecti , dodrantales, pedales et ul- STALKS ſeveral, nearly upright, from nine inches to a tra, ramoſiſſimi, teretes, ftriati, folidi, rubentes, foot or more in height, very much branched, pubeſcentes; rami cauli fimiles, alterni, diffufi. round, ftriated, folid, reddith, and downy; branches like the ſtalks, alternate and ſpreading. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, ovata, acuta, utrinque atte- LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, ovate, menuata, integerrima, patentia, ad margines et Fanpointed, tapering towards each extremity, en- venas ſubtus præcipue pubefcentia, fupra ſatu- tire at the edge, ſpreading, particularly downy et dolore rate viridia, lucida, fubrugoſa, punctis promi- at the edge and on the veins of the under-fide, Hiwcie nulis adſperſa. on the upper-ſide of a deep green colour, ſhi- ning, ſomewhat wrinkled, and covered over with ſmall prominent points. PETIOLI longitudine fere diametri foliorum, pubeſ- LEAF-STALKS nearly the length of the diameter of centes, ſupra canaliculati. the leaves, downy, hollowed above. FLORES parvi, herbacei, hirſuti, ſeſliles, in axillis fo- FLOWERS ſmall, of a greeniſh colour, rough, feffile, liorum conglomerati, hermaphroditi et feminei. growing in cluſters in the alæ of the leaves, hermaphrodite and female, Hermaphroditi Flores duo continentur involucro hep- Two Hermaphrodite Flowers are contained in an in- taphyllo, perſiſtente, foliolis ovatis, acutis pla- volucrum compoſed of ſeven leaves, and per- colo di bnis, hirſutis, hirſutie glandulofa. fig. 1. manent, the leaves ovate, pointed, flat, hirfute, ME ora the hairs glandular at the extremities. fig. 1. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quadrifidum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, deeply divided ei od planum, perſiſtens. fig. 9. start bi into four ſegments, which are flat and perma- -los alus nent. fig. 9. COROLLA nulla, niſi calcyem dicas. COROLLA none, unleſs the calyx be called ſo. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, alba, tranſverſim STAMINA: four FILAMENTS of a white colour, rugoſa, inſtante antheſi elaſtice reſilientia, caly- wrinkled tranfverfely, on the ſhedding of the od and cemque expandentia ; ANTHERE ovatæ, ob- pollen flying back with an elaſticity, and ex- sivil tuſæ, didymæ ; POLLEN album. fig. 4. panding the calyx; ANTHERÆ ovate, obtuſe, 20boxen Dettore che double; Pollen white. fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, viride, nitidum, nu- PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, green, thining and dum ; STYLUS filiformis ; STIGMA penicil- naked ; STYLE filiform ; STIGMA forming a Logeribiliforme, capitatum, ruberrimum. fig. 6. bright ſcarlet tuft. fig. 6. PERICARPIUM nullum. Perianthium elongatum, ma- SEED-VESSEL none. The Perianthium becoming elon- jus, campanulatum, coloratum, deciduum ; gated, larger, bell-thaped, coloured and deci- ore laciniis conniventibus clauſo. fig. 3. duous ; the mouth ſhut by the ſegments clofing together. fig. 3 SEMEN unicum, ovatum, nitidum, in fundo perianthii. SEED ſingle, ovate, thining in the bottom of the perian- edib thium. Femineus flos unus inter hermaphroditos ambos, in- One Female flower betwixt two hermaphrodite ones, tra involucrum. within the involucrum. CALYX quadrifidus, hirſutus, erectus, germen involvens. CALYX diviſible into four ſegments, hairy, upright, disti fig. 5. en incloſing the germen. fig. 5. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA none. PISTILLUM ut hermaphroditi, at ſtigma majus et paulo PISTILLUM as in the hermaphrodites, but the ſtigma inflexum. fig. 5. fomewhat larger, and bent a little down. fig. 5 PERICARPIUM nullum. SEED-VESSEL none. SEMEN unicum ut in hermaphrodito, calyce quadrifido SEED ſingle, like that of the hermaphrodites, inclofed et vix mutato inclufum. fig. 7, 8. in the quadrifid calyx, which is but flightly altered. fig. 7, 8, 3 The a a a [ 2 ] WITOVAT 10 AISIATIISIAI The flowers of the Parietaria are ſo ſmall , and ſo difficult to inveſtigate, that we need not wonder at their being deſcribed differently by different botaniſts; LINNÆus's deſcription, in his Genera Plantarum, accords beſt with our obſervations, his therefore we have adopted with ſome few alterations. We find only two forts of flowers on this plant, viz. hermaphrodite and female ; of theſe, two hermaphrodite and one female bloffom are generally placed together in one common involucrum, the female bloſſom intermediate. To obtain a perfect idea of the manner in which the fructification is carried on, we muſt examine theſe flowers at a very early period of their expanſion, we ſhall then find in each involucrum three red ſtigmata, the two outer- moſt of which belong to hermaphrodite flowers, whoſe ſtamina are not yet viſible; the middle one, which is largeſt and moſt conſpicuous, to the female. If we take a view of the ſame bloſſoms juſt at the time that the elaſtic filaments by their ſudden expanſion ſcatter the fertilizing duſt of the antheræ, the ſtyles and ſtigmata of the hermaphrodite flowers, viſible before, will often be found wanting, and the germen left naked in the center of the flower; at this period of the bloſſoming, the ſegments of the calyx in the ſame flowers are nearly of the ſame length as the filaments, the ſtyle and ſtigma of the female bloſſom remain perfect, with its germen cloſely ſur- rounded by a green, hairy calyx, which never expands : the bloſſoming period being now over, a conſiderable alteration takes place in the calyx of the hermaphrodite flowers, each is conſiderably elongated, becomes inore tubular, aſſumes a redder colour, has its tips preſſed down, and foon drops out of the involucrum, in which it leaves no appearance of a ſeed; hence I was ready to conclude that theſe flowers, the imperfection of whoſe piſtilla at a certain age had before been noticed, were certainly barren, but on opening them, I found in the bottom of each a ſeed perfe&ly ſimilar to that produced by, and incloſed in the calyx of the female flower, which does not enlarge as the other does, but partaking more of the nature of a capſule, on preſſure, divides at top into four parts, and contains a blackiſh ſhining feed. It may ſeem a little extraordinary, that the imperfect hermaphrodite flowers of this plant ſhould produce per- feet feed; but we ſhould conſider that they are perfect at firſt, and that there always is a number of Antheræ bea longing to flowers farther advanced burſting near them, from whoſe pollen they may probably be impregnated. SERUM Scopoli deſcribes male flowers on this plant, having a ſeſſile, ſhining, oblong, and pointed Nectary ; furely he muſt conſider the imperfect germen in the hermaphrodite flowers as a Nectarium, otherwiſe he fees farther than any of his contemporaries. Drvo dotac s ANOT The curious manner in which theſe flowers ſhed their Pollen, or fertilizing duſt, is known to moſt botaniſts, but may be new to ſome of our readers ; each filament has a peculiarity of ſtructure whichi renders it highly elaſtic, there are four of them in number, on their firſt appearance they all bend inward ; as ſoon as the pollen is arrived at a proper ſtate to be diſcharged, the warmth of the ſun, or the leaſt touch from the point of a pin, will make them inſtantly fly back with a degree of force, and diſcharge a little cloud of duſt. This proceſs is beſt ſeen in a morning, when the fun ſhines hot on the plant, in July and Auguſt; if the plant be large, numbers will be ſeen exploding at the ſame inſtant. Pom The Parietaria, which takes its name from its place of growth, is frequently found on walls, and among rub- biſh, eſpecially on the walls adjoining the Thames, both above and below Weſtminſter-bridge, it is not a native of Sweden, or the more northern countries ; this autumn the ſame degree of cold (viz. about 31 of Fahrenheit's thermometer) which ſtripped the mulberry of moſt of its leaves, deſtroyed the greateſt part of its herbage. Olot 97 Mr. Philip Miller (vide Diet. ed. 6. 4to.) aſſerts that the Parietaria which grows wild in England is the Pellitory with a Baſil leaf, Parietaria Ocymi folio Bauh. Pin. Parietaria judaica Lin. and that the officinalis Lin. which he fays grows naturally in Germany and Holland, was not in England till the year 1727, when he firſt introduced it'; in this opinion Mr. Miller ſtands alone, and there is the greateſt reaſon to ſuppoſe that he is deceived, and the more ſo, as the remainder of his account, in which he ſays that “ the ſeeds are difficult to col- 66 lect, as they are thrown out of their covers as foon as they are ripe with an elaſticity,” ſhows extreme inat- tention. up 1900 As a medicinal plant more virtues appear to have been attributed to the Parietaria than it deſerves; it has been ranked as an emollient, to which, in the opinion of Floyer and Cullen, it has no pretenſions, as a diuretic it was an ingredient in the nephritic decoction of the late Edinburgh Diſpenſatory, which is omitted in the preſent; in this laſt intention the expreſſed juice has been given in the doſe of three ounces. Mr. Sole, Apothecary of Bath, well known to the Botanic World, for his extenſive collection of indigenous plants, informs me that he has obſerved remarkably good effects from the juice of this herb in dropſical caſes, in which other diuretics had failed; he converts the juice into a thin fyrup, and gives two table-ſpoonfuls or more thrice a day. Monf. TOURNEFORT, ſpeaking of the Parietaria, ſays, “ Le firop de Parietaire foulage fort les hydropiques.” ' Hift . des Pl. de Paris. Aurelius Victor informs us, that CONSTANTINE beſtowed on the Emperor TRAJAN the name of Parietaria, becauſe his ſtatues and his inſcriptions, like that herb, were found on all the walls of Rome. Le Meme. a a It is recommended to be laid on the corn in granaries, for the purpoſe of driving away that deſtructive inſect the Weevil. Bradley's Farm. Direct. p. 122. OTO HADING ostale S 03 EQUISETUM ARVENSE. CORN HORSE-TAIL. n EQUISETUM Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. Spica fructificationibus peltatis, bafi dehiſcentibus, multivalvi. Raii Syn. Gen. 4. HERBÆ CAPILLARES ET AFFINES. EQUISETUM arvenſe fcapo fructificante nudo ; ſterili frondoſo. Lin. Syt. Vegetab. p. 457. Sp. Pl. p. 1516. Fl. Suec. n. 428. EQUISETUM caule florigero nudo, ſterili verticillato, radiorum duodecim. Haller. Hif. n. 1676. EQUISETUM arvenſe. Scopoli Fl. Carn, n. 1253. . EQUISETUM arvenſe longioribus fetis. Bauh. Pin. 16. Parkins. 1202. Raii Hift. p. 130. Corn Horſe-tail. EQUISETUM ſegetale. Ger. emač. 1114. HIPPURIS minor cum flore. Dod. Pempt. p. 73. EQUISETUM minus terreſtre. 1. B. III. 730. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 265. Lightfoot Fl Scoi. p. 647 RADIX perennis, gracilis, nigra, articulata, inſigniter * ROOT perennial, flender, black, jointed, exceedingly reptans, fibris nigricantibus e geniculis exortis creeping, with tufts of black fibres ſpringing capillata. from the joints. SCAPI feminiferi ante caules frondoſos prodeuntes, et STALKS producing the feeds ſpringing up before the cito marceſcentes, craſſitie culmi triticei ma- leaf-ſtalks, and foon withering, the thicknefs joris, palmares aut dodrantales, erecti, nudi, of a large wheat-ſtraw, a hand's-breadth or luteſcentes, geniculati, geniculis 2. 3. 5. vagi- more in height, upright, naked, yellowiſh, nis multifidis, nervoſis, membranaceis, cir- jointed; joints from two to five, covered with cumveftiti. membranous, ribbed ſheaths, divided at top into numerous ſegments or teeth. SPICÆ feminiferæ terminales, oblongæ, obtufæ, un- SEED-SPIKES terminal, oblong, obtuſe, about an inch ciales. in length. CAPSULÆ ſeu thecæ feminiferæ plurimæ, angulatæ, CAPSULES, or feed-cafes, numerous, angular, upright, ere&tæ, circa receptaculum proprium collocatæ, placed together round a partial receptacle, and et fcuto orbiculato luteſcente tectæ, fig. I. de- covered with a yellowiſh orbicular ſhield, fig. 1. mum introrſum dehiſcentes et pulverem vireſ- finally opening inwardly, and throwing out a centem effundentes, fig. 2. 3. auct. fig. 4. greeniſh powder, fig. 2. 3. magnified, fig. 4. CAULIS pedalis et ultra, in apricis obliquus, ftriatus, STALK a foot or more in height, in open ſituations ſcabriufculus, geniculatus. Vagina numerofæ, oblique, ftriated, roughiſh, jointed. The Sheaths denticulatæ. numerous and toothed. FOLIA verticillata, octo circiter in fingulo verticillo, LEAVÉS whirled, about eight in each whirl, ſimple, fimplices, cauli ſimplices. and like the ſtalk. Experiment and obſervation, which have diſcovered perfect feeds, if not real Stamina and Piſtilla, in ſome of the plants of this hidden claſs, have hitherto failed in aſcertaining what the powder is, which is contained in ſuch abundance in the ſpikes of the Horſe-tail, different Botaniſts differing widely in their opinions concerning it. LINNÆUS and ScoPOLI conſider it as the true feed of the plant: HALLER and ADANSON as the male duft; and ſo ſtrongly was the laſt mentioned author of this opinion, that he removed it from the cryptogamous plants, and placed it with the family of the pines, from which, however, as SCOPOLI very judiciouſly obſerves, it differs toto cælo. We ſat down to examine the fructification of this plant, in full expectation of finding Pollen not Seed contained in its cells. We conceived, a priori, that a ſubſtance fo delicately formed, and ſo rapid in its growth, could ſcarcely produce capſules with ripe feeds; but we roſe from our examination in the full belief of the powders being the real feed, ſo far as we could judge from its ſtructure and economy: actual vegetation muſt however be proved, before we can arrive at certainty in this matter. If a little of the powder be ſhaken out of the ſpike on a piece of white paper, a moderate magnifier diſcovers a motion in it, eſpecially if it be breathed on. A ſimilar motion is obſerved in the capſules of the Ferns when they throw out their feeds; and in the fine powder contained in the heads of the Jungermannia, if we apply a very conſiderable magnifier to this powder, we find its motion ariſe from a very different principle from that which actuated the two former. Here every particle of the powder has three or four, very rarely five, fine, pellucid threads, which are club-ſhaped at the extremity. Theſe threads are elaſtic, and, by variouſly extending and curling themſelves up, occaſion the motion which is ſo perceptible. Monf. ADANSON, who has minutely deſcribed this feed as pollen, compares the appearance it ſometimes aſſumes to a ſpider with its legs ſtretched out. Although theſe motions, which are extremely fingular and diverting, are plainly ſeen with a good magnifier, we never could diſcover the body of the feed to make any fort of exploſion as Pollen would, under ſimilar circumſtances of expoſure. The proper time to exanine this curious phenomenon is in April, when the plant produces its ſpikes. The medicinal virtues of the Equiſetum are too problematical to deſerve notice. Writers on the Materia Medica rank it with the aſtringents. The Farmer is deeply intereſted in a knowledge of this plant, as it is not only one of the moſt troubleſome and difficult weeds to extirpate that we are acquainted with, but noxious even to cattle, eſpecially kine. HALLER relates a particular caſe in which it proved fatal to a young heifer, by bringing on an incurable Diarrhea. Many parts of Batterſea Fields exhibit this plant in perfection. It ſometimes is found in meadows and under hedges; and, according to its ſituation, like all other plants, aflumes a variety of appearances. a Vi UR Equisetum arvense OF please Dਰ ਬਹੁਤ bogor po avowon and divad ni bilo bona 2 Dawong VIII and bron Biodata on 31 Storia de alone BRYUM BARBATUM. BEARDED BRYUM. BRYUM Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA MUSCI. Anthera operculata. Calyptra lævis. Filamentum e tuberculo terminali ortum. e Raii Syn. Gen. 1, MUSCI. BRYUM barbatum antheris erectis oblongis barbatis, operculo acuminato obliquo, pedunculis lateralibus BRYUM unguiculatum et barbatum tenuius et ftellatum. Dillen, Mufc. tab. 48. fig. 48. Small ſtar- topped, clawed, and bearded Heads. a DENSISSIMIS cæſpitibus modo Bryi purpurei ad muros | FORMS a thick turf on walls and banks, in the manner et aggeres nafcitur. fig. 1. of the Bryum purpureum. fig. 1, CAULICULI lemunciales aut paulo plus, ramoſi, erecti, | STALKS half an inch or ſomewhat more in height, foliofi. fig. 2, 3. branched, upright, and leafy. fig. 2, 3. FOLIA e luteo-viridia, denſa, lanceolata, acuta, infe- LEAVES of a yellowiſh-green colour, growing thick rioribus ſuberectis, fupremis patentibus. fig. 4. together, lanceolate, pointed, the lowermoſt auct. nearly upright, the uppermoſt ſpreading ; fig. 4. magnified. PEDUNCULI ſemunciales et ultra, ex imo ſeu ex medio | PEDUNCLES half an inch or more in length, pro- nunquam e ſummitate furculi enati, fingulares ceeding from the bottom or middle, but never vel plures ex eodem furculo, rubentes, nitidi, from the top of the ſurculus, one or ſeveral flexuoſi, bulbillo oblongo nudo ſuperne rubro from the ſame furculus, red, ſhining, crooked, præditi. fig. 5. furniſhed at bottom with a naked oblong bulb, red at top. fig. 5: CAPSULÆ ſuberectæ, tenues, oblongæ, acuminatæ, oli- CAPSULES nearly upright, flender, oblong, pointed, vaceæ, nitidæ. fig. 6. Calyptra longa, acu- of an olive colour, and ſhining. fig. 6. Calyp- minata, parum obliqua. fig. 7. Operculum tra long, pointed, a little oblique. fig. 7, longum, tenue. fig. 8. Ciliæ aurantiacæ, ſeu Operculum long, and flender. fig. 8. Cilia coccineæ fpiræ modo contortæ. fig. 9. orange-coloured or ſcarlet, twiſted in the form of a ſcrew. fig. 9, a The moſs here repreſented is undoubtedly the Bryum figured by DILLENIUS, in his forty-fifth plate, forty-eighth figure. Neither LINNÆUS nor Mr. Hudson make mention of it. We are convinced, however, from repeated obſervations, that it is a ſpecies perfectly diſtinct. It approaches very near to the Bryum imberbe and unguiculatum, , a From the former it differs in having the Antheræ or Capſules terminated by long twiſted ciliæ, and in having the peduncles always proceeding from the baſe of the ſurculus: this laſt character alſo ſtrikingly diſtinguiſhes it from the unguiculatum. It is not unfrequent about London, eſpecially in the environs of Charlton, on walls, and barren hilly ground, with the Bryum purpureum and caſpititium, and produces its fructifications in December, January, and February. са M w Bryum barbatum. OR mic 275 276 -7 -7 7 -6 -6 -3 6 -2 2- -1 Phascum subulatum Pascum acaulon. . NID No CH. OF M PHAS CUM A CAULO N. COMMON PHA SCUM. PHASCUM Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA Musci. Calyptra minima. Operculum nullum. Raii Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. PHASCUM acaulon anthera feffili foliis ovatis acutis. Lin. Syſt. Veget. p. 794. Sp. Pl. 1570. Fl. Suec. 960. PHASCUM cuſpidatum cauleſcens, foliis ovatis cuſpidatis patulis : terminalibus erectis conniventibus. Schreber. de Phaſco. t. 1. f. 1, 2. SPHAGNUM acaulon foliis ovato-lanceolatis, pilo ariſtatis. Haller. Hift. 1726. SPHAGNUM acaulon bulbiforme majus. Dill. Muſc. 251. t. 32. f. 11. Roii Syn. 105. Lightfoot Fl. . Scot. p. 695. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 466. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 249. f. 1. PHASCUM SUBULATUM. HE A TH PHASCU M. ΤΗ PHASCUM ſubulatum acaule, anthera feffili, foliis fubulato-fetaceis patulis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 794. Sp. Pl. 1570 80. PHASCUM ſubulatum cauleſcens, foliis lanceolato-linearibus patulis. Schreber de Phaſco, p. Oeder SPHAGNUM acaulon trichodes. Haller. Hift. 1. 1727. Dillen. Hiſt. Muje. 251. t. 32. f. 10. Fl. Dan. t. 249. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 693. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 466. DILLENIUS, who drew the figures of his incomparable work on moſſes, without uſing glaſſes of any conſiderably magnifying power, or, perhaps, without attending ſo much to the minutiæ of the parts of fructification as the practice is at preſent, deſcribed theſe plants as having no Calyptra, and united them with the genus Sphagnum, LINNÆUS afterwards made a diſtinct genus of them, but without correcting the error of his predeceffor. The following is the deſcription of the genus Phaſcum, which he gives in th 6th edition of the Genera Plantarum. Mafculus flos fubfeffilis vel brevi pedunculo. CAL. Calyptra nulla. ANTHERA ovalis ore ciliato, tecta operculo acuminato. RECEPT. Apophyſis nulla. Femineus flos. Several Botaniſts afterwards deſcribing and delineating the calyptra, LINNÆUS, in the 13th edition of his Syſtema Natura, publiſhed by Murray under the title of Syſtema Vegetabilium, alters it thus : ANTHERA operculata : ore ciliata. Calyptra caduca, minuta. This generic deſcription, thus altered, is adopted by Mr. Hudson, without any remarks on its inapplicability to the Engliſh Phaſca. He ſhould have informed us, that, however well the character might accord with any foreign Phaſcum, the Engliſh ones, at leaſt both theſe here figured, which are the moſt common, have neither Operculum nor Cilia. Of this we are fully convinced from repeated examination ; and have the pleaſure of having our experiments confirmed by the accurate and ingenious SCHREBER, who, in his moſt excellent Monographia, Obſer- vationes de Pbaſco, has the following paſſages : “ Suturam, qua plerorumque muſcorum vaſcula infra apicem, ubi “ deinde operculum abfcedit, cinguntur, in nulla hujus generis fpecie obfervare potui. Operculum enim Phaſcis “ in univerſum omnibus deeſt, et vaſculum undique in extremum apicem uſque clauditur, fine ullius determinatæ * aperturæ veftigio, quamobrem compreffum utcumque rumpi folet. Cilia igitur in quocumque Phafco fruftra “ quærerentur.” Again, ſpeaking of the Capſule, he ſays: “ Pečten in ea nullus adeſt nec ullam aperturæ cujuſdam determinatæ aut foraminis, emiffioni contentorum inſervientis, veſtigium reperire unquam potui. Non enim ſponte aperitur, “ fed integra perliftit; donec maxima foliorum pars putruerit, quod in Ph. pilifero fæpius obſervavi, aut e foliis * apertis integra elabitur.” This fingular deficiency then, both of the Operculum and Ciliæ, forms, in our opinion, the beſt criterion by which to diſtinguiſh this genus of plants, and we have altered the generic character accordingly. 66 PH A SCUM A CAULO N. PHAS CUM SUBUL A T U M. THERE is no mofs more common on the moiſt banks } THE Phaſcum ſubulatum is not ſo frequently met with about London than the Phaſcum acaulon ; but as as the acaulon, yet is not uncommon on heaths, it exhibits no appearance of fructification till in the ſand pits about Charlton, and on dry in an advanced ſtate, and then only to the banks in a variety of places. They are both inquiſitive obſerver, it generally paſſes unno- found in fructification from December to fa- ticed. Mr. LIGHTFOOT gives a ſhort, but very nuary. expreſſive, deſcription of it, as follows: “ The In this ſpecies the capſule, though ſmaller, is much " leaves, when young, connive together, in more diſtinctly ſeen, and its calyptra is viſible " the form of a ſmall oval bulb, about one- even to the naked eye. Like the other, it varies * fixth of an inch long, and hide the capíule, much in fize, as alſo in the length, of its pe- " which is oval and orange-coloured at firſt, but duncle. Mr. LIGHTFOOT conſiders it as the 46 when ripe fuſcous and thining, and about the leaſt of our Engliſh plants; but Mr. DICKSON, “ fize of a millet feed.” We have repreſented of Covent-Garden, who may juſtly be called the plant at fig. 1. as it uſually grows on the maximus in minimis, has diſcovered a Phafcum, ground; fig. 2, 3. detached plants of their natural the ſerratum of SCHREBER, which is certainly ſize; fig. 4. a plant magnified; fig. 5. a ſingle leaf ten times ſmaller. Fig. 1. repreſents the fubu- magnified; fig. 6. the anthera or capſule mag- latum as it uſually grows; fig. 2, 3. detached nified; fig. 7. the calyptra alto magnified. plants; fig. 4. a plant magnified; fig. 5. a fin- gle leaf magnified; fig. 6. the capſule; fig: 7 the calyptra magnified. pal 25 de hele ov но Ти ималари болно і АТИИ АМлари у оры етілетін во с. JungERMANNIA COMPLANATA. FLAT JUNGER- MANNIA. JUNGERMANNIA. Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA ALGÆ. MASC. pedunculatus, nudus. Ant bera quadrivalvis. FÆM. feffilis, nudus, feminibus ſubrotundis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Musci. JUNGERMANNIA complanata furculis repentibus, foliolis inferne auriculatis, duplicato-imbricatis, ramis æqualibus. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 803. Sp. Pl. p. 1599. Fl. Suec. 1041. Weis. Cryptog. p. 124. JUNGERMANNIA foliis rotundis alterne imbricatis, caule plano multifloro, fetis breviſſimis. Haller Hift. n. 1860. JUNGERMANNIA complanata : ſurculo reptante, foliis fubrotundis ſerie duplici ordinatis, fubtus appendiculatis; vaginis ramorum plano-truncatis. Necker. Meth. Mufc. p. 142. LICHENASTRUM imbricatum majus ſquamis compreffis et planis. Dillen. Muſc. 496. t. 72. f. 26. JUNGERMANNIA foliis circinatis imbricatim diſpoſitis ex viridi flaveſcentibus. Michel. Gen. 7.6.5. f. 21. LICHENASTRUM imbricatum majus. Raii Syn. 111. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 514. Lightfoot Fl. Scof. P. 781. Deſcriptio ex WEIS. Deſcription from WEIS. SURCULIS variæ longitudinis, ab unciali ad biuncialem SURCULI of various lengths, from one to two inches, longitudinem, planis, inordinate ramoſis, ad flat, irregularly branched, creeping on the cortices arborum, latis cæſpitibus repit. bark of the trees in large patches. FOLIOLA denſe imbricata, alterna, rotunda, ſubpellu- LEAVES of a pale yellow-green colour, cloſely imbri- cida, plana, furculi nervum fuperne tegunt; cated, alternate, round, fomewhat tranſparent, inferne nervo adherent parvæ, rotundæ fqua- flat, above entirely covering the mid-rib of the mulæ. Color pallide e luteo viridis. Recens ſurculus, beneath ſmall round ſcales adhere to mollis tactu eſt, aqua madida tota flaccefcit. the mid-rib, the whole plant, when freſh, is Ad extremitates, et paffim ad exortum ramo- ſoft to the touch, moiſtened with water it lorum prodeunt thecæ planæ, ſquamis duplo grows flaccid. At the extremities, and here vel triplo longiores, dilute virides, truncatæ, and there at the origin of the branches, pro- e quibus feta breves, lineam non excedentes ceed flat heaths appearing truncated or cut off emergunt, tenuiffimæ, cum parvis nigris capi- at top, from whence proceed ſhort ſetæ or pe- tulis, in fuſcas lacinulas piloſas diffilientes. duncles about a line in length, very flender, and terminated by ſmall black heads fplitting into four brown hairy ſegments. Fig. 1. Planta magn. nat. Fig. 1. The plant of its natural ſize. Fig. 2. Pars ejuſdem lente aucta. Fig. 2. A part of the ſame magnified. Fig. 3. Pars ejufdem inferior. Fig. 3. The underſide of the fame. Fig. 4. Theca ſeu Vagina. Fig. 4. The Caſe or Sheath. Fig. 5. Pedunculus. Fig. 5. The Peduncle. Fig. 6. Capitulum adhuc integrum. Fig. 6. The Capitulum as yet entire, Fig. 7. Capitulum findens pulveremque fpargens. Fig. 7. The Capitulum fplitting and diſcharging its powder. Fig. 8. Capitulum demiffo pulvere. Fig. 8. The Capitulum with the powder diſcharged. The name of Jungermannia was given to this genus by MICHELI in honour of JUNGERMANNUS, a botaniſt of the laſt century. As LINNÆUS confiders the Capſules of the Moffes as the Antheræ containing Pollen, fo in like manner he regards, the Capitula of the prefent genus as containing Pollen alſo, and the little apparently pulverulent balls, viſible only on a few of the Jungermanniæ, but found on moſt of the Mnia as the female flowers, producing ſeeds. Vid. Gene- ric Chara&ter. With all due deference to ſuch reſpectable authority, we are of opinion, that the character of this genus would be leſs complex, and equally complete, without calling in thoſe balls or fphærophylli, as Necker terms them, The Capilula, or little heads, ſplitting when ripe into four parts, replete with a fine powder (whether pollen or feed is immaterial) attached to numerous hairs growing to the inſide of the Capitula, are charačters which will in all caſes fufficiently diftinguiſh this genus. The little heads of thefe plants are capable of affording much micro- fcopic entertainment. Take a head ready to burſt open, place it before the microſcope, aſſiſt its opening with the point of a needle, and the elaſtic hairs on the inſide will inſtantly appear in motion, and throw off the globules attached to them in great numbers, and with confiderable force. The preſent ſpecies is one of the moſt common of this genus, and may be found in great plenty and perfection about the end of Fanuary, ſpreading on the bark of the Oak and other trees in woods, particularly Charlion Wood. It is diſtinguiſhable from another, equally coinmon, by the pale green colour of its leaves. at all. a a 277 3 fungermannia complanata. SN OF MO MOOI UMAT EUяарояч гuгіяләА 11. DOA lolll indulood 110201.. datud origis bridle aillot lost osoidut o coliy tariqish tableta On ADA total ides aillomalta osobne clomtupilor subordinad osling will only USOA 10... tomobil tale costojnol SO CUOLAA diferent com a demolition of main content US 3 woltaiba aliyoitoals 20 น. - .20 น. ว. หมาณ 1.2 4 34 สะวใน 1 แ/21 22 23 24 รวม 2 กม(1.41 (10) , L , olub its oris grisos ni aromadeni xital IATGE 2016 solotto in sedard zauzeo od balston listosta bus wol on oupamba ukuta co e to bilogosco) Soodushoitorios VOV contro la wola00 70 cm omogutatuduto de toi buts dwoma orlailliewond bon gros 15ls to be sibodo storing and cu uit van het boiled torshow autoroid . , ben arrosting won won bat w alligatoris, dolos been tot on 10 bin Distindo JE AGARICUS PROCERUS. TALL MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS anulatus ftipitatus, pileo campanulato ſubfuſco ſquamoſo, lamellis albidis, ftipite bulbolo anulato. "Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 1025. AGARICUS procerus ftipitatus pileo hemifphærico lacerato-fquamoſo rufeſcente cinereo, lamellis albis, ftipite longo cylindrico acetabulo inſerto. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 612. AGARICUS procerus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1465. AMANITA petiolo procero, anulato, in acetabulum pilei immiffo, pileo ſquamoſo et maculato, lamellis albis. Haller. Hift. n. 2371. AGARICUS ; pileo papillari, ampliſſimo, in margine fornicato, lacero et filamentoſo; petiolo anu. lato procero, inferius tumido, pilei acetabulo inſerto. Gleditſch. Fung. p. 114. FUNGUS pileolo lato, longiſſimo pediculo variegato. C. B. Pin. 371. n. 24. FUNGI longiffimo pediculo candicantes, fed maculati eſculenti. 7. B. III. 826. Raii Syn. P. 3. n. 10. Scheff. Fung. t. 22, 23. STIPES folitarius, ſpithamæus, et ultra, craſſitie in- STALK ſingle, fix inches or more in height, the thick dicis, bafi bulbofus, fiftulofus, fig. 3, albidus, neſs of the forefinger, bulbous at bottom, hol- fquamis fufcis plerumque notatus. low, fig. 3, whitiſh, and generally mottled with brown ſcales. VOLVA ampla, perfiftens, lacera, bilamellofa, lamella RUFFLE large, permanent, torn, compoſed of two inferiore membranacea, fubfuſca, fuperiore lamellæ or coats, the lowermoſt membranous, alba, ſpongiofa. and browniſh, the uppermoſt white and ſpongy. PILEUS palmaris et ultra, primo fubgloboſus, dein CAP three inches and more in diameter, at firſt campanulatus, demum planus, ſquamis fufcis, roundith, then bell-Ihaped, and laſtly flat, floccidis, circa verticem crebioribus, maculatus; ſpotted with brown, flaky, ſcales; thickeſt vertex tumidus, coriaceus ; caro craſſitie la- round the crown; crown prominent and lea- mellarum, alba, molliffima, ſpongiofa. thery, Aleſh the thickneſs of the gills, white, very ſoft and ſpongy. LAMELLÆ confertæ, fragiles, albidæ, baſi in margi- GILLS numerous, brittle, whitiſh, inſerted at their nem acetabuli pilei interte, pulverem fubtiliffi- baſe into the edge of the cup of the cap, mum cineraſcentem fpargentes. fig. 1, 2. throwing out a very fine alh-coloured powder. fig. 1, 2. This Muſhroom, inferior to few in point of elegance, is frequently found in Woods, and dry hilly Paſtures, among Heath, Broom, &c. in the months of September and October ; I have found it in the environs of Hornſey Wood, and The Spaniard, Hampſtead Heath; in Richmond Park, and many other places. It is a well-known Muſhroom, and eaſily diſtinguiſhed from all others by its tallneſs, its bulbous bafe, its large ruffle, its ſpongy cap, which is flaky, or fcaly, not warty at top, and which, as Mr. LIGHTFOOT juftly obferves, ſeparates it from the verrucoſus, with which it has no ſmall affinity. I have ſeen it expoſed to ſale in Covent Garden market, for the true eatable one, but a Connoiffeur will diſtin- guiſh it by the ſpongineſs of its fleſh, which renders it in a great degree unfit for eating. a ......... 3 Agarios procerus ON mic OLA (ATE-TIIVISES oluit aboleiro out Erabini DITORE OVODSibon z wionshuvin stil obid Center lotbound be AGARICUS VELUTIPES. VELVET-STALK'D MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Lin, Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI: Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS velutipes faſciculofus, pileo planiuſculo fulvo, ftipite nudo, teñerrime villoſo, fuliginofo. FUNGUS glutinoſus colore aurantio. Vaillant Bot. Paris. p. 72. 8. t. 12. fig. 8, 9, FUNGUS faſciculofus, pileo orbiculari luteſcente, pediculo fuſco, tenerrime villoſo, lamellis ex flavo candicantibus. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 9. a Ex ligno putreſcente, ſeu arboribus cæfis, coacervatim This Fungus uſually grows in cluſters, out of decayed plerumque naſcitur hic fungus. wood or felled trees. VOLVA ad radicem nulla. SHEATH or egg at the root wanting. STIPES in plantâ mediæ magnitudinis longitudine in- STALK in plants of a middle fize about the length of dicem, craſſitie pennam anferinam æquat, teres, the forefinger, and thickneſs of a gooſe-quill, haud infrequenter compreffus, fiſtulofus, te- round, not unfrequently flat, hollow, velvety, nerrime villoſus, feu velutinus, inferne præ- on the lower part, eſpecially in the old ones, fertim in vetuftis e rufo-nigricans, fuligine of a reddiſh black colour, as if tinged with quafi infe&tus, carneâ citrinâ, in tenuiffima fila foot, the fleſh citron coloured, and ſeparable fericea partibili. into filk-like threads. ANNULUS nullus. RING, or ruffle, wanting. PILEUS uncialis ad triuncialem, modice convexus, CAP from one to three inches in diameter, moderately fæpe difformis, fulvus, glutinoſus ; LAMELLÆ convex, often ſhapeleſs, of an orange or tawny plurimæ, inequales, ex albido-luteſcentes, in colour, flimy; GILLS numerous, unequal, of majoribus et fenefcentibus fungis craftæ, coria- a whitiſh yellow colour, in the larger and ceæ, luteæ, ad marginem pilei undulatæ, lon- older fungi thick, leathery, yellow, waved gioribus bafi auriculatis, omnibus venofis ; towards the edge of the càp, the longer ones POLLEN cinereum. ear'd at the baſe, and all of them veiny ; POLLEN, or feed, afh-coloured. a Many of the fungi, like the more perfect plants, make their appearance only at a certain period of the year ; others are continually ſpringing up and producing their fructifications, almoſt regardleſs of particular ſeaſons, of the latter kind is the fungus here figured, at leaſt it may be found from September to January in the greateſt plenty. It uſually grows out of dead, or decaying wood, eſpecially willow and elm, and almoſt always in cluſters of different fizes, according to particular fituations; at the bottoms of old willow-trees I have often ſeen fifty or more in a cluſter, with the caps of ſome of the largeſt almoſt as broad as the palm of one's hand, while on ſmall rotten ſticks the cluſter has conſiſted of not more than three or four, with caps not more than half an inch in diameter, but however it may vary in regard to fiże, &c. it luckily has a character which always readily diſtinguiſhes it, and this is its velvety and footy ſtalk, moſt conſpicuous in thoſe which are advanced. RAY's fynonym and deſcription correſpond pretty accurately with our fungus; Mr. HUDSON appears to have overlooked or confounded it with ſome other ſpecies; VAILLANT has given a good figure, and accurate deſcription of it, in his moſt elegant work the Botanicon Pariſienſe. To the taſte this muſhroom is rather agreeable, and devoid of all acrimony, perhaps it may be eaten with ſafety, it is not however of the kind recommended by HORACE, - pratenfibus optima fungis Natura eft: aliis malè creditur. Agaricus Velutipood IN OR M моохне, орта урортал AGARICUS FLOCCOSUS. FLOCCOSUS. SHAGGY SHAGGY MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Lin. Gen. Pl. FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS floccofus ftipitatus faſciculoſus, pileo ſtipiteque pilofo-ſquamoſis, é flavo-fuſcis. PICROMYCES tunicatus. Batarr. p. 49. t. 8. H. AGARICUS floccofus. Scheffer. Icon. Fung. t. 61. Habitat ad radices arborum, plerumque ceſpitoſus. Found at the roots of trees, and generally in cluſters. STIPES palmaris et ultra, craſſitie digiti minimi feu STALK four inches or more in height, the thickneſs of major, ſubcylindraceus, firmus, carnoſus, vix the little finger or larger, ſomewhat cylindri- fiftulofus, interne albus, fupra annulum nudus, cal, firm, fleſhy, ſcarcely hollow, white within, infra filamentoſus, pileo concolor. above the ring naked, below ſhaggy, of the ſame colour as the cap. ANNULUS parvus, paulo infra pileum pofitus. RING ſmall, placed a little beneath the cap. VELUM arancofum, fugaciffimum. VEIL cob-webby and very fugacious. PILEUS: Pilei diameter ſeſquiuncialis ad palmarem, CAP: from an inch and a half to four inches in dia- eflavo-fuſcus, convexus, in centro nonnunquam meter, of a yellow-brown colour, convex, faftigiatus, pilofo-ſquamofus. Lamella plu- ſometimes riſing to a point in the middle, rimæ, confertæ, inæquales, ex albo luteſcentes. ſhaggy. Gills numerous, cloſe, irregular, of a yellowiſh-white colour. It doth not appear, that this Muſhroom is deſcribed either by Mr. Ray or Mr. HUDSON. It approaches very near to the ſquamous of the latter, and of which Baron HALLER ſeems diſpoſed to conſider it as a variety; to us it appears to be a ſpecies perfectly diſtinct. BATARRA gives an indifferent figure of it; SCHÆFFER an exceeding good one, very expreſſive of the plant we intend: the ſpecimens from whence his drawings were made ſeem to have been ſmaller than ours, and ſome of them more pointed, which they ſometimes are. Thoſe repreſented on our plate were found about the middle of October, growing at the bottom of a pear-tree in the garden of Mr. John Chorley, at South Lambeth, where they come up regularly every year. I have alſo frequently found this ſpecies in the Oak of Honour Wood near Peckham. So far as I have remarked, it always grows out of wood, in which reſpect it differs from the fimetarius, which alſo has a ragged head, but grows out of earth, and has a much longer cap. When young this Fungus is principally diſtinguiſhed by the roughneſs of its càp, which appears almoſt prickly. Its colour varies from a dingy to a more lively brown. It is not of the eatable kind; nor do we know any inſtance of it proving poiſonous: the maggots of flies devour it. 26 som Agaricus flocons OF Orale GRE to the buto bodo was the too go toga gloriage begin a 20 griwong tsinele on lista olib Inils ono shods el cursligte in die dort erhieloitte 20 asvig noista bort tud UMMI to guiad To la u bodilob on bio bonitog bue duab vas buvo BOLETUS LUCIDUS. LACQUERED BOLETUS . BOLETUS. Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis fubtus poroſus. . Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. BOLETUS lucidus, pileo coriaceo fuperne caſtaneo lucido, ſulcis circularibus notato, inferne albo ; poris minutiffimis. BOLETUS rugofus. facquin. Fl. Auftr. t. 169. FUNGUS coriaceus, pileolo latiffimo atrorubente, pediculo breviffimo. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. II. ? FUNGUS ſpeciofus putridis arborum truncis et ſtipi- tibus prefertim coryli innafcitur, totus lig- nofo-coriaceus et perfiftens. a STIPES durus, inæqualis, caftaneus, vernice veluti obductus. PILEUS plerumque fubdimidiatus, nonnunquam orbi- culatus, planus, ſuperne caſtaneus, nitidiffi- mus, fulcis circularibus concentricis notatus, rugofus, inferne dum recens albiffimus; poris minutiſſimis. a This handſome Fungus grows out of the trunks of decayed trees, particularly the ſtumps of the hazel, and is throughout of a leathery or ſomewhat woody ſubſtance, and permanent. STALK hard, uneven, of a cheſnut colour, ſhining as if varniſhed. CAP for the moſt part forming half a circle, ſometimes a whole one, flat, on the upper ſide of a chef- nut colour, and highly poliſhed, marked with circular concentric grooves, the edge thick and wrinkled ; on the under fide, when freſh, very white, the pores exceedingly ſmall. Two Fungi growing together, are repreſented on the plate in two different views; alſo part of the under fide magnified, to thew the pores more plainly. FUNGI duo connati, in tabula proponuntur, hinc atque illinc fpectati, tum fungi pars inferior lente aucta ut pori magis luculenter appareant. aca. In the month of November, 1780, I fortunately found the fine ſpecimen of this Boletus, exhibited on the plate, in the Wood adjoining the Oak of Honour, near Peckham; on firſt diſcovering it, the top of the Pileus and ſtalk were of fo bright a colour, and ſo beautifully poliſhed, that I ſcarcely knew whether I had found a natural or an artificial production, a view of its under fide, however, foon convinced me it was natural; it grew out of a rotten hazel ſtump. One principal character of this Fungus, is its poliſhed or rather lacquered ſurface, for it has all the appearance of having been varniſhed; this I believe it poffeffes in all its ſituations ; and on this account I have given it a name different from Jacquin, who has an excellent figure of it under the title of rugofus, in his Fl. Auſtri- The other characters which ſeem to be conſtant, are the depreſſed circles on the upper ſide of the Pileus, its wrinkled, thick, and ſomewhat inverted edge, which is very apt to break out on the under ſide of the Pi- leus, as repreſented on the plate, but omitted by Jacquin ; the unuſual whiteneſs of the pileus on its under ſide and the extreme fineneſs of its pores, which may be overlooked; it appears to be inconſtant in the ſhape of its pileus 'which is ſometimes orbiculatus, as is ſhewn on the plate in a ſmaller Fungus of the preceding year, and ſometimes dimidiatus); and in its ſtalk, which is ſometimes wanting, as I diſcovered from a ſpecimen growing out of the bottom of an elm tree near Hyde Park. The ſtalk of the ſpecimen figured, which I preſerve, has not ſhrunk at all, the pileus is about one third leſs, but retains its form and much of its beauty. There was ſome reaſon to ſuſpect this Boletus of being the perennis of LINNÆUS, but the deſcription given of that plant in his Flora Lapponica removed every doubt, and convinced me he had not deſcribed it. 22. 원 ​Boletus lucidus 235 4- 3---- Z- 5... 6. 2- 6 Phallus caninus. OF mid PHALLUS CANINUS. RED-HEADED MORELL. PHALLUS Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA Fungi. Fungus fupra reticulatus; fubtus lævis. Raii Syn. Gen. Fungi. PHALLUS caninus volvatus, ftipitatus, ftipite celluloſo, capitulo impervio, rubro, rugoſo. PHALLUS exilis Marattæ. Batarr. Fung. p. 7. t. 40. F.? PHALLUS caninus volvatus ftipitatus, pileo rubro cellulofo acuto, apice claufo. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 630. VOLVA magnitudine nucis mofchatæ, oblongo-ovata, I VOLVA, or egg, the ſize of a nutmeg, of an oblong, alba, lævis, intus gelatinoſa, tunicâ interiore ovate ſhape, white, fmooth, gelatinous within, ſuperne truncata, fig. 1, 2. the inner coat cut off at top. fig. 1, 2. STIPES extra volvam, fefquiuncialis, ſeu biuncialis, STALK, beyond the volva, an inch and a half or two magnitudine calami anſerini majoris, teres, inches in length, the ſize of a large gooſe- filiformis, inferne acuminatus, celluloſus, ſub- quill, round, filiform, terminating in a point pellucidus, pallide aurantiacus, intus cavus, at bottom, cellular, ſomewhat tranſparent, of cito flaccefcens. fig. 3, 4, 5, 6. a pale orange colour, hollow within, foon be- coming flaccid. fig. 3, 4, 5, 6. CAPITULUM, nam pileus vix dici poteſt, ftipiti infi- | HEAD, for it cannot properly be called a cap, ſits on det, eſtque feffile, ſemunciale, diametro fti- the ftem, is feffile, about half an inch in pitis, oblongum, ſubacuminatum, apice im- length, and of the diameter of the ſtem, ob- pervio albeicente, primo lividum, membranâ long, a little pointed, impervious and whitiſh nitida, tenuiffimâ tectum, infra quam exigua at top, at firſt of a livid colour, and covered quantitas humoris vireſcentis, ſeu materies fe- with a very thin, ſhining membrane, under- minalis fere inodori cernitur, quâ remotâ ſu- neath which is a ſmall quantity of a greeniſh perficies capituli rubra et tranfverfim rugofa liquid, or feminal matter, almoſt fcentleſs, apparet, nequaquam vero cellulofa, ficut in which being removed, the ſurface of the head impudico. appears of a red colour, and tranſverſely wrinkled, but by no means cellular, as in the ſtinking Morell. 米 ​a a Mr. Ehrer, the celebrated botanic painter, appears to have been the firſt who diſcovered this rare Fungus in this country; he found it in a wood near Salop*, and made drawings of it for one of his principal patrons. Mr. Hunter, gardener to the Earl of MANSFIELD, lately found it, though very ſparingly, in Caen Wood, and com- municated ſeveral ſpecimens of it to Mr. Dickson of Covent Garden. This autumn 1981, on the 20th of Sep- tember, I was fortunate enough to be preſent at the diſcovering of one of them in Lord'Mansfield's ſmall Pine wood, famous for producing the Phallus impudicus, Hydnum aurifcalpium, and other Fungi; I was in ſearch of theſe, when my draughtſman Mr. SOWERBY pointed out to me a white ſubſtance, riſen a little above the ſurface of the ground, and which at a diſtance reſembled the cap of a ſmall white muſhroom ; not ſuſpecting it to be any thing extraordinary, I took it up with leſs caution than I ſhould otherwiſe have done, and on opening it found it to be the Phallus caninus, in the ſtate repreſented at fig. 1. From the hafty manner in which it was gathered, I had no opportunity of obſerving whether its roots were fimilar to thoſe of the Phallus impudicus, but fufpect they were ; on examining it the next morning I was pleaſed to find that the ſtalk had ſhot out from its incloſing volva more than an inch; the volva contained a jelly in the manner of the impudicus, in paſſing through which, the ſtalk became covered with it, (this is prevented from taking place in the impudicus, becauſe the pileus is much wider than the ſtalk) the ſtalk was cellular and hollow, equally rapid in its growth as the impudicus, but as its baſe con- tained within the volva ran out to a finer point, fo the body of it was more uniformly of a fize throughout, and of a faint orange colour; not having that firm waxy texture which enables the impudicus to ſupport itſelf for many days, it quickly became flaccid after attaining its full growth. Thus far we may obſerve a great ſimilarity in the ſtructure and deconomy of the two plants we have been com- paring; in the remaining part, containing the fructification, we find an amazing difference. The Phallus impu- dicus carries on the top of the ſtalk a very diſtinct and perfect Pileus, or Cap, on the outſide of which the feminal matter is depoſited in cells, without the leaſt covering ; in the caninus there is properly ſpeaking no Pileus, the part on the outſide of which the ſeminal matter is lodged, forms a capitulum, or head, which is only a continua- tion of the ſtalk, as appears on diffection, differing in its ſtructure and colour, this head has a wrinkled, not a reticulated ſurface, within theſe wrinkles, which are not very deep, the ſeminal matter is contained, and (contrary to what we find in the impudicus) covered by a very thin membrane; we may obſerve that this matter has very little ſmell in it, nor do flies appear particularly fond of it. This unuſual ſtructure of the capitulum by no means agrees with Linnæus's generic character of a Phallus, as that implies a Pileus ſmooth on the under, and reticulated on the outer fide, with which the impudicus perfectly cor- reſponds, and yet every botaniſt would call this a Phallus; hence there appears a neceſſity for altering its generic character, the eſſence of which ſeems to conſiſt in the Seeds being contained in a jelly-like liquifying ſubſtance, on the outſide of a Capitulum or Pileus. Batarra's figure and deſcription may poſſibly be intended for this Fungus, there is no knowing with cer- tainty, ſo great is their obfcurity. * In the margin of a Ray's Synopſis which had been Mr. Ehret's, belonging to Mr. Richard Haworth, Apothecary of Chancery-lane, who kindly lent it me, there is the following remark at the Phallus impudicus, in Mr. Ehret's own band writing : '“ a ſmaller fort found in a wood " near Salop, with Mr. Moore 1741, but it did not ſtink." a τοΜ απαΛΗ - ΠΑΣ SUMIVAD 2UIJAHI JOMUTAD. UJIAHS mivel euiden ansluts mult ronolo are int joodet pivogi undique lolutio briqin remindiqin slov 20 JAHI orduz S ... 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Maintaqai calidad sa at gaivolo da 3731 on disol ylbox sint on bb giood, TooM M dy gold on ห TO TEVIS IUVIURE UN Soros LIGUSTRUM VULGARE. PRIVET or PRIM. LIGUSTRUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. 4 fida. Bacca tetrafperma. . Raii Syn. ARBORES BACCIFERÆ. LIGUŠTRUM vulgare. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 54. Sp. Pl. p, 10. Fl. Suec. n. 5: Haller . Hiß. n. 530 Hift Scopoli Flor. Carniol. n. 4. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 3. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 72. LIGUSTRUM Germanicum. Bauh. Pin. 475. Ger. em. p. 1394 Parkinſon. p. 1446. Rai Syn. p. 465. Privet or Prim. FRUTEX ſepedalis circiter, ramóſus, cortex ex cinereo A SHRUB, uſually about fix feet high, branched, the vireſcens, punctis plurimis fparfis prominulis bark of a greeniſh-ath colour, irregularly exaſperata : rami oppofiti, junioribus flexilibus, ſprinkled with numerous prominent points ; purpurafcentibus. branches oppoſite, the young ones flexible and purplich. FOLIA oppofita, breviffime petiolata, ovato-lanceolata, LEAVES oppofite, ſtanding on very ſhort foot-ſtalks, utrinque glabra, integerrima, inferioribus ad ovato lanceolate, ſmooth on each ſide, per- exortum ramulorum minoribus, fectly entire, the lower ones at the bottoms of the ſmall branches leaſt. FLORES albi, odorati, paniculati. FLOWERS white, fweet-ſcented, forming a panicle. PANICULA biuncialis, den fa, ſubpyramidata. PANICLE about two inches in length, cloſe and ſomes what pyramidal. RAMI paniculæ ut pedicelli ad lentem villoſr. BRANCHES of the panicle, as well as the flowera ftalks, villous when magnified. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, minimum, CALYX: a PERJANTHIUM of one leaf, very ſmall, hæmifphæricum, albidum, ore quadridentato, hemiſpherical, and whitiſh, the mouth having dentibus erectis, minimis, fig. 1. four teeth, which are upright and very minute, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, alba, cito COROLLA of one petal, funnel-ſhaped, white, foon rufeſcens. Tubus cylindraceus, longior calyce. changing to a reddiſh-brown colour. The tube Limbus quadripartitus, patens, laciniis ovatis cylindrical, longer than the calyx. Limb craffis, obtufis, fig. 2. deeply divided into four fegments, which are ſpreading, ovate, thick, and obtuſe, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA duo, oppoſita, breviffima, & STAMINA: two FILAMENTS, oppoſite, very ſhort and alba. ANTHERÈ majuſculæ, erectæ, longitu- . white. ANTHERÆ rather large, upright, al- dine fere corollæ. Pollen flaveſcens, fig. 3. , moſt the length of the corolla. POLLEN yel- lowiſh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN fubrotundum. STYLUS fili- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh. STYLE filiform, formis, albus, fuperne paululum incraſſatus. white, a little thickened above. STIGMA ob- STIGMA obtufum, craffiuſculum, vix mani- tuſe, thickith, ſcarce perceptibly bifid, fig. 4. fefte bifidum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: BACCA globoſa, glabra, nigra, uni - SEED-VESSEL: à round, ſmooth, fhining, black, locularis, fig. 5. berry of one cavity, fig. 5. SEMINA tria five quatuor, hinc convexa, inde angulata, SEEDS three or four, convex on one ſide, and angular on the other, fig. 6. a fig. 6. Previous to the publication of the Flora Yaponica by Profeſſor THUNBERG *, the preſent celebrated ſucceſſor to the immortal LINNÆUS, Botaniſts were acquainted with one ſpecies of Liguſtrum only. That gentleman deſcribes another, to which he gives the name of japonicum, and characteriſes the two in the following manner: Liguſtrum vulgare foliis ovatis obtufis, panicula fimpliciter trichotoma. Liguſtrum japonicum foliis ovatis acuminatis pan cula decompoſiti trichotoma. In point of utility, not to ſay ornament, few of our Engliſh or even foreign ſhrubs exceed the common Privet. Its chief uſe is to form ſuch hedges as are required in the dividing of gardens for ſhelter or ornament; the Italian or ever-green Privet, as it is called, which is only a variety of the common ſpecies, is uſually preferred for this purpoſe. The Privet bears clipping admirably well; is not liable to be disfigured by inſects, and having roots formed only of fibres, it robs the ground leſs than almoſt any other ſhrub. It is found to thrive better in the ſmoke of great cities than moſt others; fo that whoever has a little garden in ſuch places, and is deſirous of having a few plants that look green and healthy, may be gratified in the Privet, becauſe it will flouriſh and look well there. MILLER ſays it will grow well under the ſhade and drip of trees. The beſt mode of raiſing Privet is from feeds, though it is capable of being propagated by layers and cuttings. The Privet is not apt to be eaten by cattle, and the Sphinx Lizuſtri; or Privet Hawk Moth, one of the largeſt as well as the moſt beautiful inſects we have, is almoſt the only one that feeds on it in its Caterpillar ſtate. There are few gardens having Privet in which this Caterpillar may not be found in the months of Auguſt and September. The readieſt way of diſcovering it is by its dung, which is ſufficiently viſible under thoſe ſhrubs on which it feeds. The Meloe veſicatorius, commonly known by the name of Cantharides, or Bliſter-beetle, is found alſo on the leaves of this ſhrub. The berries of the Privet continue on the plant till ſpring advances, and in times of ſcarcity are eaten by different forts of birds; but by none with ſo much avidity as the Bulfinch (Loxia Pyrrhula). Bird catchers who know this, often catch them in the following manner: they take ſome farge boughs of the Privet , in berry, ſtick them into the ground where Bulfinches frequent, lime the top twigs, and place a call bird underneath. The berries are alſo recommended in dying, colouring of wines, and as affording a purple colour to ftain prints ; but for theſe ſeveral purpoſes there are much better materials in common uſe. It uſually grows in woods and hedges; is not nice in its foil cr ſituation, but flouriſhes moſt in a moiſt foil; flowers in July, and ripens its berries in Autumin.. It is found with three leaves at a joint, with variegated leaves, and white berries. HALLER: * Caroli Petri Thunberg Flora Japonica, Lipfiæ 17846 务 ​ Ligustrum vulgare UND OF 332 80 6 Neronica Anagallis Ja: Sonerby del et foulp. v F 10 VERONICA ANAGALLIS. WATER SPEEDWELL. VERONICA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. Limbo 4-partito, laciniâ infima anguſtiore. Capſula bilocularis. . Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBA FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. VERONICA Anagallis racemis lateralibus, foliis lanceolatis ferratis, caule erecto. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 56. Sp. Pl. p. 16. Fl. Suec. n. 13. VERONICA foliis lanceolatis ferratis, glabris, ex alis racemoſa. Haller hiſt. n. 553. VERONICA Anagallis Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 12. ANAGALLIS aquatica minor folio oblongo. Bauh. Pin. 252. ANAGALLIS aquatica folio oblongo crenato. Park. 1237, ANAGALLIS aquatica major. Ger. emac. 620. VERONICA aquatica longifolia media. Raii Syn. 280. The Middle Long-leav'd Water Speedwell or Brooklime. Hudſon, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 5. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 73. RADIX annua, fibroſa. ROOT annual, and fibrous. CAULIS erectus, pedalis ad bipedalem, teres, ſuban- STALK upright, from one to two feet high, round, gulofus, glaber, ad baſin ufque ramoſus, in- flightly angular, ſmooth, branched quite to ferne purpurafcens. the bottom, below purpliſh. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, lanceolata, fæpe ovato- LEAVES oppoſite, fellile, lanceolate, often ovato- lanceolata, ferrata, glabra, venofa, pallide lanceolate, ferrated, fmooth, veiny, of a pale viridia. green colour. FLORES racemoſi, numeroſi, triginta quadraginta aut FLOWERS growing in racemi, numerous, from thirty etiam plures in fingulo racemo. to forty, or even more on one racemus. RACEMI laterales, oppoſiti, longiſſimi, fubereeti. RACEMI lateral, oppoſite, very long, nearly upright. PEDUNCULI ad lentem fubviſcidi. FLOWER-STALKS ſomewhat viſcid when magnified. BRACTEÆ lanceolatæ. FLORAL-LEAVES lanceolate. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quadripartitum, perſiſtens, CALYX : a PeriANTHIUM deeply divided into four laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, lævibus, tri- fegments, and permanent, the ſegments ovato- nervibus, fubæqualibus, fig. 1. lanceolate, pointed, ſmooth, three-ribb'd, and nearly equal, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, pallide purpurea, COROLLA monopetalous, and wheel-ſhaped, of a laciniâ fuperiore et duabus lateralibus venis pale purple colour, the uppermoſt ſegment faturatioribus ftriata, fig. 2. and the two lateral ones ſtreaked with deeper veins of the ſame colour, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, purpurafcentia, medio STAMINA: two FILAMENTS of a purpliſh colour, craffiora; ANTHERÆ concolores ; POLLEN thickelt in the middle; ANTHER Æ of the album, fig. 3 fame colour ; POLLEN white, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERnen viride ; STYLUS declinatus, 8 PISTILLUM: Germen green; Style depending, purpurafcens, fuperne craffior ; STIGMA ob purpliſh, thickened above ; STIGMA blunt, tulum, fig. 4. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA bilocularis, fubinde tri- SEED-VESSEL: a CAPSULE of two cavities, fome- locularis, fubrotunda, vix emarginata, poly- times three, roundiſh, ſcarcely emarginate, ſperma, fig. 5. containing many feeds, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, ſubrotunda, minutiſſima, fig. 6. SEEDS numerous, roundiſh, and very minute, fig. 6. a common. The Veronica Anagallis is a much more general plant than the Scutellata, being found in almoſt every watery ditch, but eſpecially in thoſe which communicate with the Thames, on the edges of which it is alſo extremely It is apt to vary conſiderably according to fituation; when it grows in ditches that have a conſiderable depth of water, it becomes much taller, the ftalk is proportionably thicker, and the leaves are apt to be curled ; when it grows out of the water, the plant is ſmaller, the leaves are broader, flatter, and of a paler hue ; in all fituations its racemi are remarkably long and full of flowers, and its feeds are uncommonly ſmall and It blofſoms from June to September. The feed-veſſels are ſometimes found very much enlarged; on cutting them open a ſmall larva was found in fome, and a pupa in others, which, on being kept a proper time, produced a ſmall Curculio or Weevil. numerous. - 308 to AB 12 VERONICA SCUTELLATA. BoG SPEEDWELL. VERONICA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. Limbo 4-partito, laciniâ infima anguſtiore. Capſula bilocularis. Raiz Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. VERONICA Scutellata racemis lateralibus alternis : pedicellis pendulis, foliis linearibus integerria mis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 57. Sp. Pl. p. 16. Fl. Suec. n. 17. VERONICA foliis lanceolatis, ferratis, glabris, ex alis racemoſa. Haller Hift. 533. . VERONICA Scutellata. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 22. ANAGALLIS aquatica anguſtifolia fcutellata. Bauh. Pin. 252. VERONICA aquatica anguſtifolia minor. Narrow-leav'd Water Speedwell, or Brooklime. Raiž Syn. p. 280. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 5. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 74. RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fuſca. ROOT perennial, fibrous, of a brown colour. CAULIS: paulo fupra terram furculi plerumque ſteri- STALK: juſt above the ground young ſhoots ſpring les erumpunt, qui humi repunt, caulis florifer forth, which are for the moſt part deſtitute fuberectus, debilis, teres, vix angulofus, gla- of flowers and creep on the earth, the flower- ber, ramofus, femipedalis ad pedalem, bali ing ſtalk is nearly upright, weak, round, ſcarce etiam aliquando repens. perceptibly angular, ſmooth, branched, from fix inches to a foot in height, ſometimes alſo creeping at bottom. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, lineari-lanceolata, glabra, LEAVES oppoſite, feffile, betwixt linear and lanceo- minutim et rariter dentata. late, ſmooth, finely tooth’d, teeth diſtant. FLORES albi, feu pallide carnei, racemofi. FLOWERS white, or of a pale fleſh colour, growing in racemi. RACEMI laterales, plerumque alterni, laxi, flexuoſi, RACEMI lateral, for the moſt part alternate, looſe, , multiflori. crooked, and bearing many flowers. BRACTEÆ minutæ, lanceolatæ. FLORAL-LEAVES minute, and lanceolate. PEDUNCULI capillares, alterni, demum penduli. FLOWER-STALKS capillary, alternate, finally pen- dulous. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM parvum, quadripartitum, la- CALYX: a Perianthium ſmall, deeply divided into ciniis ovato-lanceolatis, fubæqualibus, fig. 1. four ſegments, which are ovato-lanceolate and nearly equal, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, plerumque alba, la- COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-ſhaped, for the moſt , ciniâ fuperiore venis purpureis picta, fig. 2. part white, the upper fegment ſtreaked with purple veins, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA duo, medio incraſſata, alba; STAMINA: two FILAMENTS, thickeſt in the middle, ANTHER Æ albæ, fig. 3. white; ANTHER Æ white, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen viride ; Stylus declinatus, & PISTILLUM: GERMEN green ; STYLE depending, albus; STIGMA obtufum, flaveſcens, fig. 4. white; STIGMA blunt, yellowiſh, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA compreffa, fuborbiculata, SEED-VESSEL a CAPSULE nearly round, flattened, emarginata, bilocularis, polyfperma, ad 16. emarginate, of two cavities, containing nu- fig. 5. merous feeds, to 16. fig. 5- SEMINA orbiculata, plana, flava, fig. 6. SEEDS round, flat, and yellow, fig. 6. This ſpecies of Veronica is diſtinguiſhed from the others by ſeveral characters, ſuch as, its place of growth, which is peculiar, it being feldom found but on bogs, or the edges of ponds, eſpecially ſuch as we find on heaths and moors, hence we have called it Boz Speedwell; the narrowneſs as well as ſmoothneſs of its leaves alſo ſtrikingly diſtinguiſhes it ; LINNUS's term of integerrimis, as applied to them, is certainly too ſtrong, for they are always toothed, though faintly, and in a fingular manner; and if theſe characters were not fufficient, the looſe ftraggling manner in which the flower ſtalks grow, would at once point out the Scutellata as a diſtinct ſpecies. It is common in the ſituations above deſcribed on moſt of our heaths, and flowers from June to September. 333 Neronica scutellata Towerey del ajuta SNE OF шаАлла идор PATAUDO I AVALUAV Иrooyo1 лаулат. il АИАТЯНТАР 1.0.2 gulddig ooid indo. O Evg Studiunonil etilor comodoroib as abans dealt wie AVAISSEJAV A animos llamit einem snctos elloni thanoldo ello AVIA ALICIA a A 2 EVA to moto 0901191-e'den inola god blood ni Tom To 001 cos adoni stromamit ng to poslation cowok din sa Glorib bit ono nelle vi Free missra 1. น Todo 3 st Colors - Set die belastninada yhdill no donntagonal and giorg molo od 20 tonov la mladost omtalt to dager AUROHOHO got sva od bivio Boston урор . Wat broszurd ibnion Paroda bere motoal to the rooloo as VALERIANA LOCUSTA, CORN SALLAD. VALERIANA Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. o. Cor. 1-petala, bafi hinc gibba, ſupera. Sem. 1. VALERIANA Locufta floribus triandris, caule dichotomo, foliis linearibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 73. Sp. Pl. p. 47. Fl. Suec. n. 36. VALERIANA foliis oblongis, rariter inciſis, corona feminis fimplici, acuminata. Haller Hift. 214. VALERIANA Locufta. Scopoli Fl. Carn. N. 46. VALERIANA campeſtris inodora major. Bauh. Pin. 165. VALERIANELLA arvenſis præcox humilis ſemine compreffo. Mor. Umb. LACTUCA agnina. Ger. emac. 310. Park. 812. Raii Syn. p. 201. Lamb's-Lettuce or Corn-Sallet. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 13. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 85. mous. a RADIX annua, fibroſa, pallide fuſca. ROOT annual, fibrous, of a pale brown colour. CAULIS erectus, fpithamæus, pedalis et ultra, pro STALK upright, from four inches to a foot or more in ratione loci, teres, angulato-ſtriatus, fubpu- height, according to its place of growth, beſcens, tener, ad unum latus fæpius purpu- round, grooved or angular, flightly downy, raſcens, dichotomus. tender, uſually purpliſh on one ſide, dichoto- FOLIA radicalia, plurima, patentiuſcula, ſubſuccu- LEAVES next the root numerous, ſomewhat ſpreading, lenta, glabra, venoſa, fubrugoſa, obovata, ſlightly fucculent, ſmooth, veiny, a little obſolete dentata, caulina oppofita, feffilia, wrinkled, inverſely ovate, faintly toothed, remota, ad baſın præſertim ciliata, ſuberecta, thoſe of the ſtalk oppoſite, feſfile, remote, at ſuprema ſubſerrata. the baſe particularly, edged with hairs, fome- what upright, the uppermoſt ones flightly ſerrated. FLORES minimi, coeruleſcentes, corymboſi. FLOWERS very minute, of a blueiſh colour, growing in a corymbus. CALYX nullus. CALYX wanting COROLLA longitudine germinis, tubuloſa, fubvio- COROLLA the length of the germen, tubular, faintly lacea, quinquefida, laciniis rotundatis, paten- violet-coloured, divided into five ſegments, tibus, ſubæqualibus, fig. 1. which are roundiſh, ſpreading, and nearly equal, fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, alba, longitudine co- STAMINA : three FILAMENTs of a white colour, the rollæ. Antheræ parvæ, albæ, fig. 2. length of the corolla. ANTHERÆ ſmall and white, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: GERMEN inferum, nudum, majuſcu- * PISTILLUM: Germen placed below the corolla, naked, lum, obovatum, viride, utrinque lineâ exara- rather large, inverſely ovate, green, having a tum, hinc convexum, fubgibboſum, inde pla- narrow groove on each ſide, convex and ſome- niuſculum, fig. 4. Stylus ſtaminibus paulo what gibbous on one ſide, flattifh on the other, brevior. STIGMA trifidum, fig. 3. fig. 4. Style a little ſhorter than the ſta- mina. STIGMA trifid, fig. 3. SEMINA plurima, nuda, pallide fuſca, ſubrotunda, ¥ SEEDS numerous, naked, of a pale brown colour, acutiuſcula, parum compreſſa, tranſverſim ru- roundiſh, a little pointed, fomewhat flattened, goſa, fig. 5. and tranſverſely wrinkled, fig. 5. a a In treating of the Valeriana dioica we had occaſion to notice the extreme inconſtancy of the fructification in this genus; an inconſtancy ſcarcely to be paralleled in any other tribe, and affecting not only the Linnæan ſyſtem, as depending on number of ſtamina, but ſuch ſyſtems alſo as may be founded on the form of the corolla, or ſtructure of the feed. In the officinalis, dioica, and ſeveral other valerians, the feeds are furniſhed with a pappus or down, here they are altogether naked. The preſent plant is a well known culinary one; the radical leaves are in general uſe in the ſpring to mix with other fallad herbs, and ſometimes eaten alone : the French call them Salad de Preter, from their being generally eaten in Lent. It grows wild in corn-fields, on walls, banks, and in gardens. In corn-fields it is uſually very ſmall, grows with a ſingle ſtem, and often occurs with diſeaſed heads, occaſioned by ſome inſect. The leaves are ſometimes more than uſually ferrated. A variety of this fort is made a ſpecies of by Ray. There are ſeveral other varieties mentioned by LINNÆUS in his Species Plantarum, which have not come under our obſervation. It flowers in May, and ripens its feed in June. 319 Naleriana Locusta Jsowany del at faulp OR NIELSE 5 4 3 5 Z. Mopecurus NIE pratensis. S of yo ALOPECURUS PRATENsis. MEADOW FoxTAIL-GRASS. ALOPECURUS Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 2-valvis Cor. I-valvis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HerBÆ GRAMINIFOLIA FLORE IMPERFECTO CUL MIFERÆ. ALOPECURUS pratenfis culmo fpicato erecto, glumis villofis, corollis muticis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p; 93. Sp. Pl. p. 88. Fl. Suec. 20. ALOPECURUS ſpica ovata. Haller. Hift. n. 1539- GRAMEN phalaroides majus five italicum. Bauh. pin. 4. GRAMEN alopecuroides majus. Ger. emac. fo. GRAMEN phalaroides majus. Parkins. 1164. GRAMEN alopecuro fimile glabrum cum pilis longiufculis in ſpica onocordon mihi đenominatum. 1. B. II. Raii Syn. p. 396. The moſt common Foxtail-graſs. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 276 Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 91. Schreb. Gram. 133. t. 19. f. 16 a RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris pallide fuſcis. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres of a pale brown colour. CULMI ſeſquipedales, bipedales, et haud infrequenter STALKS a foot and a half, two feet, and not unfre- tripedales, erecti, teretes, ſtriati, læyes, ad quently three feet high, upright, round, finely balin purpurei, radicantes. grooved, ſmooth, at bottom purple, and tila luring FOLIA palmaria, feu fpithamea, fenfim in acutum mu- LEAVES a hand's breadth or ſhort ſpan in length, gra- cronem terminata, glabra, ſtriata, parte ſuperna dually tapering to a point, ſmooth, ftriated, if et ad margines fi digiti deorſum ducantur drawn backward acroſs the fingers feeling aſpera, lineam unam cum dimidia communiter rough on the upper ſide and on the edges, com- aut duas fere lata. Vaginæ ftriatæ, læves, in monly a line and a half or almoſt two in ſuperiore parte culmi inflatæ. Membrana bre- breadth. Sheaths ftriated, ſmooth, on the vis, obtuſa. upper part of the ſtalk inflated. Membrane ſhort and blunt. SPICA ſeſquiuncialis, biuncialis, duas etiam nonnun- SPIKE an inch and a half, two inches, and ſometimes quam cum dimidia uncias longa, duas treſque even two inches and a half long, and two or, lineas lata, teres, cylindracea, obtuſa, mollis. three lines broad, round, cylindrical, blunt and foft. SPICULÆ unifloræ, compreffæ, utrinque ciliatæ, ner- SPICULÆ one flower in each, flat, each ſide edged with vofæ, mucronato-tridentatæ, fig. 1. hairs, ribbed, fightly tridentate, the middle point longeft, fig. 1 CALYX : Gluma bivalvis, uniflora, valvulis ſubæquali- CALYX: a Glume of two valves, containing one flower, bus, ovato-lanceolatis, concavis, compreffis, the valves nearly equal, ovate and pointed, flat. trinervibus, nervis pilofis, fig. 2. tened, three-ribbed, the ribs hairy, fig. 2. COROLLA univalvis, valvula concava, longitudine caly- COROLLA of one valve, the valve hollow, the length cis, albida, ſubdiaphana, ſuperne nervis tribus of the calyx, whitiſh, ſomewhat tranſparent, viridibus infignita, ariſtata ; ariſta calyce du- marked on the upper part with three green plo fere longiore, dorſo valvulæ verſus bafin ribs, and bearded; the beard or awn almoſt as interta, fig. 3: long again as the calyx, inſerted into the back of the valve towards the baſe, fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria. ANTHERÆ STAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS. AnTheRÆ oblongæ, utrinque bifurcæ, plerumque purpu- oblong, forked at each end, for the moſt part rafcentes, demum ferrugineæ, fig. 4. purpliſh, finally ferruginous, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum, minimum. STYLI PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, very minute. Styles duo, villoſi, reflexi, calyce longiores. STIG- two, villous, reflexed, longer than the glumes MAT A fimplicia, fig. 5. of the calyx. STIGMATA ſimple, fig. 5. SEMEN ovatum, minimum, glumis tectum, fig. 6, 7. SEED ovate, very minute, covered by the glumes, fig. 6, 7. 6 In a former number of this work, containing the Feſtuca fluitans, we gave a copious extract from that excellent work on Graffes, the Beſchreibung der Grafer of Profeſſor Schreber: we now preſent our readers with an abridged account from the ſame author of another grafs, apparently of much greater confequence in agriculture. The Meadow Foxtail-graſs is chiefly an inhabitant of the northern part of our moderate zone, being found abundantly in moſt parts of Germany, Holland, France, England, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Ruflia. Profeffor GMELIN has alſo found it plentifully in Sibiria. Though the graffes in general are not fo ſtrongly attached to particular ſituations as many plants are, yet they are always more abundant, and fuperior in goodneſs, in ſome one kind of ground than another. The Meadow Fox-tail loves a meadow ground ſomewhat low, and moderately wet, with a good foil, though it will alſo grow in dry, and even in quite wet ground; yet, in the firſt, it remains poor, ſmall, and diſappears by little and little, while, in the latter, other graffes are apt to overpower and ſupplant it. In a a a a In ſuch diſtricts of Saxony ás are celebrated for the goodneſs of their meadows, it always makes a confiderable part of the hay; and the fame remark has been made by Mr. STILLINGELEET and Profeffor Kalm in England, reſpecting the beſt meadows about London. The Meadow Foxtail is one of thoſe graſſes which appear firſt in the ſpring, and ſometimes blow twice in the fame year*. In reſpect to flowering, it obſerves nearly the ſame time as the Anthoxanthum odoratum. In Germany it puts forth its filvery ſpikes about the beginning of May +, when the feed is ripe, which with us takes place before hay-making I, the ſpike remains unchanged in its ſhape for ſome time; the little huſks containing the feed may eaſily be ſtripped off, but fall off very flowly of themſelves. Experience proves that the Meadow Foxtail-grafs has a power of vegetating quickly. Its ſhoots proceed with fuch vigour, that it may very well be cut three times in a year. Its ſtalks are ſtrong, and provided with large leaves, which are ſoft and juicy. Their taſte is as that of good fodder-grafs ought to be, fweetiſh and agreeable, having, when made into hay, neither the hardneſs of ſtraw, nor the roughneſs or unpleaſant tafte attendant on ſome of the other graſſes; we may therefore conſider it as holding the firſt place among the good graffes, either uſed as freſh fodder, or made into hay, eſpecially for the larger cattle. Though the theep in ſuch ineadoivs as abound with this graſs, do not improve in the fineneſs of their wool, yet they give a preference to it, both green and dried. On the whole, we may with truth affert, that hay is better in proportion to the quantity of Meadow Foxtail-grafs there is among it; not to mention that ſuch hay has the advantage in the weight, and conſequently goes farther than hay made of the finer graffes. In the northern countries, Sweden eſpecially, the meadows are frequently laid waſte by a moſt deſtructive cater- pillar, which produces a moth called, by LINNÆUS, Phalena graminis: it has been diſcovered, that the Alopecuries pratenſis remains untouched by this deſtructive infect; ſo far, therefore, from injuring this grafs, it gives it an opportunity, by weakening and deſtroying the others, to extend itſelf farther; but though its particular taſte or forward growth exempts it from the ravages of this ſpecies of caterpillar, there is another which is particularly fond of it, viz. the Phalena potatoria, yet as this feeds fingly on its foliage, and never increaſes greatly, it ſuffers little from it §. As this graſs, therefore, appears to be our author of ſo much conſequence in the making and improving of meadows and paſtures, he proceeds to give fome account how this improvement may be effected. In this bufiueſs the firſt thing of moment, he obſerves, is the neceffary choice and preparation of the ground; if that be in the power of the cultivator, aud as the Meadow Foxtail is found neither to thrive in a foil that is quite dry, or quite wet, he prefers a wet one rendered moderately dry by draining. After procuring a pieee of ground naturally fit, or rendered ſo by art, he recommends it to be ploughed up immediately after harveſt, before the wet ſeaſon fets in, in which ſtate it is to remain all the winter; the froft breaking the clods, renders it fit for fowing on in the ſpring, at which time you muſt throw in your feeds of the Meadow Foxtail, mixed with other proper paſture herbs , together with a crop of oats [; the latter, when fufficiently grown, may be cut for fodder. A meadow, thus improved, requires all the care neceſſary in the management of meadows ; in particular, a copious watering after hay-making, if the ſeaſon prove unuſually dry, muſt not be omitted. If after ſome years the ſoil ſhould become bound, or noxious plants increaſe in ſuch a manner as to make the meadow leſs productive, which often happens when the ſoil or ſituation is unfavourable, the meadow muſt be broken up and freſh fown. The procuring of the feed, requiſite even for a tolerably large fowing, is attended with but little difficulty, if we can only get ſome ſlips or roots of this graſs. The great number of ſeeds which grow upon one ſpike, of which more than one ſpring from each flip; the double crop in one fummer, and the rapid growth of this graſs, evince this ſufficiently. The gathering of the feed itſelf is very eaſy; it needs only to be ſtripped off with the hand, and put in a bag, and if there be a large quantity together, ſpread out and dried, even the hay-feed of ſuch meadows as abound with Meadow Foxtail is uſeful in fowing; but we muſt well obſerve how it is mixed: good hay-feed ſhould contain a greater proportion of graſs-feeds than of other herbs; the latter muſt be eſculent and nutritive, without any mixture of hard, woody, or ſucculent ones, which corrupt the hay; much leſs ſhould it contain taſteleſs, acrid, or poiſonous plants. But it may be aſked, where is ſuch hay-feed to be obtained Certainly the meadows are rare which contain a mixture of proper plants unadulterated with noxious ones; hence the beſt method will be to collect feparately the feeds of the moſt uſeful graſſes and meadow plants, to increaſe them fingly, to compound the hay-feed of them, and to fow therewith, at firſt, ſmall meadows, from whence we may, in proceſs of time, obtain a ſufficient ſtock of feed for a more general cultivation. * This diſpoſition of graſſes to flower more than once in the ſame year, is perhaps deſerving of more attention than may have hitherto been paid to it. We have noticed it to take place ſtrongly in the preſent graſs, the yellow Oat, the tall Oat, and ſome others; on the contrary, there is one grafs, viz. the Poa pratenfis, already figured, which we have never obſerved to ſhew the leaſt diſpoſition to throw up a flowering ſtem twice in the ſame year. While this may ſerve as an additional character, whereby it may be diſtinguiſhed from the Poa trivialis, it may alſo recommend it as a ſuitable grafs for extenſive lawns, where bents are troubleſome, and offend the eye. We obſerved, in treating of the Poa pratenſis, that its root was of the creeping kind; it will probably be found, that all thoſe graſſes which have that ſort of root flower but once in a ſeaſon; and if we conſider a creeping root as fimilar in its æconomy to a bulb, we ſhall not be at a loſs to account for it. + Its uſual time of flowering with us. In the neighbourhood of London, hay-making generally commences three or four weeks fooner than it does fifty miles from town. Whether this practice hath ariſen from the richneſs of foil accelerating the growth of the herbage, or from the meadows abounding more with early graſſes, it may perhaps be difficult to determine; but certainly, by this practice, we reap all the advantages from thoſe early graſſes which are loſt by longer delay; and henre the ſeeds of our hay-lofts muſt be proportionably better than thoſe at a diſtance, as early graſs is preferable to late. $ In the papers of the Bath Agricultural Society, vol. II p. 79. the Rev. Mr. SWAYNE of Puckle Church, in Glouceſterſhire, gives an account of a very minute infect, which, feeding within the huſks of the ſpikes, renders them barren ; we ſhall quote his own words. « On rubbing out the " huiks, when I judged the feed to be approaching to ripeneſs, I found almoſt every feed-veffel occupied by a ſoft ſubſtance, of a deep yellow or orange colour, no ways reſembling a ſeed. On applying the microſcope, this ſubſtance proved to be a congeries of animalcules, which being ſhook out on a ſheet of white paper, and ſeparated from each other, diſplayed the exact ſhape and motion of thoſe infects which are oftentimes found in “hams and bacon, and which are known among houſewives by the name of hoppers. The flies likewiſe, which theſe caterpillars produce, were “ found to be very like the hopper flies, only infinitely ſmaller.” OM || We ſhould prefer the latter end of Auguſt, or beginning of September, for the purpoſe of fowing graſs feeds, provided the ſeaſon proved T Should the land intended to be laid down be very foul, we apprehend, repeated ploughings and harrowings, and that for more than one ſeafon, would be neceffary. Farmers are divided in their opinions reſpecting the propriety of fowing Oats or Barley with graſs-feeds; fome apprehending, that the corn does the young graſs more harm by robbing it of its nouriſhment, than the ſhade or helter afforded thereby does it good. SW a a a favourable. och 339 3 Z Mopecurus geniculatus. ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS. JOINTED Fox-Tail GRASS. ALOPECURUS Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 2-valvis. Cor. 1-valvis. Raiz Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMITERE. ALOPECURUS geniculatus culmo fpicato infracto, corollis muticis, Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 93. Sp. Pl. 89. Fl. Suec. n. 60. Haller. hiſt. n. 1541. ALOPECURUS geniculatus culmo adfcendente, ſpica cylindrica, glumis apice divergentibus pilofis. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 27. ALOPECURUS geniculatus Scopol. Fl. Carn. n. 82. GRAMEN aquaticum geniculatum fpicatum. Bauh. pin. 3. Scheuchz. Agroft. 72. GRAMEN fluviatile ſpicatum. Ger. emac. 14. GRAMEN aquaticum fpicatum. Parkinſ: 1373. Raii Syn. 396. Spiked Flote Grafs. Lightfoot, Fl. Scot. p. 92. Oeder Fl. Dan. 564. RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris albicantibus, et quan- º ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres whitiſh, fome- doque fubfuſcis. times inclined to brown. CULMI plures, pedales, ſeſquipedales et ultra, in- STALKS ſeveral, a foot, a foot and a half or more ferne procumbentes, et fæpe repentes, ſub- in length, below procumbent, and often erecti, geniculati, infracti, ramofi, fuperne creeping, nearly upright, jointed, crooked, nudi, ftriati, præſertim in folo arido plus above naked and ſtriated, branched, the bafe minus bulbolo. eſpecially in a dry foil more or leſs bulbous. FOLIA duo aut tres lineas lata, ftriata, ſuperne di- LEAVES two or three lines broad, ftriated, the up- gitis deorfum ductis aſpera, inferne lævia, per fide if drawn backwards betwixt the ſuperiora brevia, uncialia aut biuncialia, fingers rough, the under fide ſmooth, the patentia, fæpe ad margines criſpa ; mem- uppermoſt leaves ſhort, an inch or two inches brana ad baſin folii ovata, acuta ; vaginæ long, ſpreading, often crimpt at the edges; læves, ftriatæ, ventricolæ. the membrane at the baſe of the leaf, ovate and pointed, the ſheaths ſmooth, ftriated, and bellying out. SPICÆ unciales, feſquiunciales et ultra, fubcylin- SPIKE an inch, an inch and a halfor more in length, draceæ, forma et colore maxime variantes, ſomewhat cylindrical, varying greatly both nunc obtuſæ nunc ad apicem fenfim atte- in form and colour, ſometimes blunt, and nuatæ, vireſcentes, purpurafcentes, aut etiam fometimes tapering to a point, greeniſh, nigricantes procul faltem vifæ. purpliſh, and even blackiſh, at leaſt when viewed at a diſtance. FLOSCULI imbricati. FLORETS imbricated. CALYX : Gluma uniflora, bivalvis, compreffa, val. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, containing one GLUME vulis oblique truncatis, pubefcentibus, tri- flower, flattened, the valves obliguely trun- nerviis, carina ciliata, fig. 1. cated, downy, three-ribb'd, the keel ciliated, fig. 1. COROLLA: Gluma univalvis, oblonga, ovata, COROLLA: a Glume of one valve, oblong, ovate, truncata, quinquenervis, pellucida, nuda, truncated, five-rib'd, pellucid, without hairs, ariſtata, fig. 2. Ariſta juxta bafin exſerta and bearded, fig. 2. the Beard or awn pro- corolla duplo longiore, fig. 3. ceeding from near the baſe, and twice the length of the corolla, fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, corollâ longiora ; STAMINA: three FILAMENTS, longer than the co- AnTheRÆ oblongæ, primum purpureæ, rolla ; ANTHERÆ oblong, at firſt purple, demum ferrugineæ, fig. 4. afterwards ferruginous, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum ; Styli duo, PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh; Styles two, cirrhoſi, albidi, extra calycem protenſi, fig.5. flender, feathery, and extended beyond the calyx, fig. 5. a ; It is in the depreſſed parts of meadows, where water is occaſionally apt to ftagnate, that this ſpecies of Fox-Tail Graſs particularly delights to grow, nor is it unfrequent on the edges of ponds, ſtreams, and wet ditches, where it often makes its way into the water ; it is alſo, though more rarely, found in dry paſtures ; and, according to theſe ſeveral ſituations, it is found to vary. In the firſt, the ſtalks are procumbent at the baſe, ſpread themſelves on the ground, and extend a foot or more in length ; before they riſe upwards, the ſpikes often aſſume a blackiſh or deep purple colour, which cauſes it to be noticed by the Farmer, who diftinguiſhes it by the name of Black Graſs*. In the fecond, it is very much enlarged in its fize, and approaches near to the Alopecurus pratenfis ; but the ſtalk ftill retains towards the bottom its crooked appearance. In the third, it grows more upright, the ſpike becomes much flenderer, and the baſe of the ſtalk often ſwells out into a kind of bulb, as in the Avena elatior, and this variety has been called Alopecurus bulbofus; in all theſe ſeveral varieties, the geniculatus cannot eaſily be miſtaken for any other ſpecies of Alopecurus. a It flowers in June. Cattle eat it readily, nevertheleſs it cannot be recommended as a profitable Graſs; nor do the more obſerving Farmers conſider it as ſuch : indeed, where ſuch Graſs is apt to abound, the beſt practice would be to fill up the depreſſions, and fow the ground with better Graffes. * The Farmer alſo diſtinguiſhes the Alopecurus agreftis (myofuroides, Fl. Lond.) by the name of Black Grafs. obito OS 344 5 2. 3 6 0 2 --4 9 Bromus giganléts. J. Sowerby del.et fculp. OF CH BROMUS GIGANTEUS. TALL BROME GRASS. BROMUS Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 2-valvis. Spicula oblonga, teres, diſticha : ariſta infra apicem. Raiz Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERE. BROMUS giganteus panicula nutante, ſpiculis quadrifloris : ariſtis brevioribus, Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 103. Spec. Plant. p. 114. Fl. Suec. n. 34. BROMUS giganteus panicula ramofa nutante, ramis binatis, fpiculis fubquadrifloris ariſta bre- vioribus." Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 51. BROMUS glaber, locuftis quadrifloris nutantibus, ariſtis longiſſimis. Haller. hiſt. n. 1510. BROMUS giganteus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 116. VAR. 1. glabra et minor. GRAMEN bromoides aquaticum latifolium, panicula ſparſa tenuiſlime ariſtata. Scheuchz. Agroft. p. 264. t. 5. fig. 17. GRAMEN fylvaticum glabrum, panicula recurva. Vaill. Paris, p. 93. : GRAMEN avenaceum glabrum, panicula e fpicis raris ftrigoſis compofita, ariſtis tenuiſſimis. Raii hift. 1909. Syn. p. 415. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 104. a RADIX perennis, fibroſa. ROOT perennial and fibrous. CULMUS tripedalis et ultra, ere&tus, lævis, geniculis STALK three feet or more in height, upright, ſmooth, plerumque purpureis. the joints for the moſt part purple. FOLIA femunciam lata, læte viridia, lævia, inferne LEAVES half an inch broad, of a bright-green colour, nitida, baſi appendiculis ex fufco purpureis ſmooth, ſhining underneath, furniſhed at the utrinque, caulem amplexántibus inſtructa, baſe on each ſide with two purpliſh-brown vagina inferne fcabriuſcula, minime pilofa, appendages, which embrace the ſtalk, ſheath fuperne glabra, membrana breviffima. below a little rough to the touch, but not hairy, above ſmooth, the membrane very ſhort. PANICULA ampla, pedalis etiam, ſparſa, ramis PANICLE large, even a foot long, looſe, branches plerumque binatis, nutantibus, fecundis, generally growing in pairs, all one way, (cabriufculis. drooping, and roughih. SPICULÆ ovato-lanceolatæ, fubquinquiflora, fem-SPICULÆ ovato-lanceolate, containing about five unciales, plerumque virides, laves, ariſtatæ: flowers, half an inch in length, for the moſt Ariſtæalbæ, ſpiculis paulo longiores, flexuofæ, part green, ſmooth, and bearded: Beards ſcabræ. white, a little longer than the ſpiculæ, crooked, and rough. CALYX: GLUMA bivalvis, valvulis inæqualibus, CALYX: a GLUME of two valves, the valves unequal, acuminatis, viridibus, marginibus albidis, pointed, green, with white edges, the large majore lineis tribus, minore unica fubdiaphana valve marked with three, and the ſmall' one notata, fig. 1. with one ſomewhat tranſparent line, fig. 1. COROLLA: GLUMA bivalvis, valvulis fubæqualibus, COROLLA: a GLUME of two valves, the valves viridibus, lævibus, margine albis, exteriore nearly equal, green, ſmooth, the edges white, majore, concava, obſolete trinervis, ariſtata, the outer one largeſt hollow, faintly three- arillâ glumâ longiore paulo infra apicem ex- rib'd, and bearded, the beard longer than the fertâ, interiore minore, planiuſcula, albida, glume, and proceeding from a little below fig. 2, 3 the point, the interior one leaſt, ſomewhat flat and whitiſh, fig. 2, 3. NECTARIUM: GLUMULÆ duæ, accuminatæ, ad NECTARY: two ſmall pointed GLUMES at the baſe bafin germinis, fig. 4. of the germen, fig. 4. STAMINA : FILAMENTA tria, capillaria, alba; STAMINA: three capillary, white FILAMENTS ; ANTHER Æ flavæ, bifurcæ, fig. 5. ANTHERÆ yellow and forked, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN obovatum, viride, nitidum; PISTILLUM: GERMEN inverſely ovate, green and STYLI duo, patentes, ad bafin ufque ramofi, ſhining; STYLEs two, ſpreading and branch- fig. 6. auét. fig. 7. ed quite to the bottom, fig. 6. magnified, fig. 7 SEMEN oblongum, ex nigro purpurafcens, intra SEED oblong, of a blackiſh-purple colour, encloſed glumas adhærentes, inclufum, fig. 8, 9. within the glumes which adhere to it, fig. 8,9. There is only one graſs for which this ſpecies of Bromus is liable to be miſtaken, and that is the Bromus hirſutus already figured, they are both large graſſes, and grow in fimilar ſituations, indeed frequently together: they have been confounded by SCOPOLI, who makes the hirſutus a variety of the giganteus; but the leaſt attention would have taught him, that they were materially different. The ſheath of the lower leaves in the hirſutus is covered with long ftiff hairs, which are wanting in the giganteus; the leaves of the giganteus are glofly on the under fide, and thoſe of the falk, near their extremities, appear as if a flack ligature had been tied round them; but there is a character almoſt peculiar to this graſs, the baſe of the leaf is terminated by two ſmall appendages, of a reddiſh brown colour, which uſually embrace the falk, and will never fail to diftinguiſh it from the hirſutus: the ſpiculæ alſo, if no other diſtinguiſhing character were preſent, would be all-fufficient, being ſhorter by almoſt one half, containing fewer flowers, and having arilte or awns longer in proportion to the ſpiculæ and more crooked: we may add another cha- racter which we have diſcovered from cultivation, the giganteus is a perennial, whereas the hirſutus is only an annual or biennial, a circumſtance which we were not fufficiently apprized of when we deſcribed that plant. This graſs is frequent enough in the neighbourhood of London, in woods, and under hedges, eſpecially ſuch as are accompanied by a wet ditch, nor is it uncommon by the fides of the Thames; the ſituation which it affects with us, is more agreeable to the name given it by SCHEUCHZER, than to the account delivered by LINN Æus in his Species plantarum, where he ſays, habitat in Europæe Sylvis ficcis: we very rarely or never find it in meadows; hence, though a productive grafs, there ſeems not much probability of its becoming a good graſs for meadows or paſtures. It flowers from July to September. o a a атаулар ata stir lode logo d. Co to go To db obrem 3:3 M 4 1 Holcus mollis 7 SIV OF mo CH. 7. Sowerby del et fculp. HOLCUS MOLLIS. CREEPING SOFT-GRASS. Stam. 3: HOLCUS Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYGAMIA MONOECIA. HERMAPHROD. Cal. Gluma 1-f. 2-flora. Cor. Gluma ariſtata. Stam. 3. Styli 2. Sem. 1. MASC. Cal. Gluma 2-valvis. Cor. o. HOLCUS mollis radice repente, geniculis villoſis, ariftâ extra fpiculam productâ. HOLCUS mollis glumis bifloris nudiufculis : flofculo hermaphrodito mutico; mafculo arifta geniculata. Lin. Syt. Veget. p. 760. Sp. Pl. p. 1485. GRAMEN caninum longius radicatum majus et minus. Bauh. Pin. 1. GRAMEN paniculatum molle, radice graminis canini repente. Moriſ. Hij. 3. p. 202. GRAMEN caninum paniculatum molle. Raii Hift. 1285. Scheuchz. Agroft. P. 235. Vaill. Parif . p. 87. GRAMEN miliaceum ariſtatatum molle. Raii Syn. p. 404. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 440. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 631. Schreb. Agroft. t. 20. mum. : RADIX perennis, tritici canini inſtar repens. ROOT perennial, creeping like the garden couch-grafs. CULMI fefquipedales et ultra, fæpius erecti, foliofi, STALKS a foot and a half or more in height, moſt nodofi, geniculis albis, lanatis, culmi etiam commonly upright, leafy, jointed, the joints ſteriles occurrunt ad terram magis reclinati, white and woolly, ítems alſo ariſe producing foliis crebrioribus, alternis, lanceolatis, veſtiti. no ſpikes, inclined more to the ground, and covered with more numerous, alternate, lan- ceolate leaves. FOLIA ad tres vel quatuor lineas lata, molli villo pu-LEAVES three or four lines in breadth, covered with beſcentia, membranâ ad baſin folii alba, obtuſa, ſoft ſhort hairs, the membrane at the baſe of vagina ftriata, fubcarinata, villoſa. the leaf white and obtuſe, the ſheath ftriated, ſomewhat keeled and villous. PANICULA biuncialis, erecta, inſtante antheſi diffuſa, PANICLE two inches in length, upright, during the demum coarctata. flowering ſpread out, afterwards cloſed up. RAMULI paniculæ purpurafcentes, piloſi . BRANCHES of the panicle purpliſh and hairy. SPICULÆ biflora etiam trifloræ, fig: 3, 4. albidæ feu SPICULÆ containing two, fometimes three flowers, parum purpurafcentes, flofculis omnibus her- fig. 3, 4. whitiſh, or flightly tinged with pur- maphroditis. ple, all the florets hermaphrodite. CALYX: gluma bivalvis, utrinque ciliata, ceteroquin CALYX: a glume of two valves, edged on both ſides nuda, valvula alterâ majore et paulo longiore, with hairs, otherwiſe naked, one of the valves trinerve, nervis obfcure viridibus, fig. 1, 2. larger and a little longer than the other, hav- ing three ribs, of an obſcure green colour, fig. 1, 2. COROLLA: bivalvis, valvulis longitudine fubæquali- COROLLA of two valves, the valves nearly equal in bus, baſi pilofis, viridibus, exteriore majore, length, hairy at bottom, of a green colour, glabra, gibboſa, interiore plana ad lentem ſub- the outermoſt largeſt, ſmooth, and gibbous, nervofa, hiſpidula, e dorfo majoris valvulæ the innermoſt flat, ſomewhat ribbed when ſuperioris flofculi exſurgit ariſta fpicula longior magnified, and a little hifpid, from the back primo recta, demum tortilis, geniculata, fig. of the largeſt valve of the uppermoſt flower 3, 4. ariſes an awn, longer than the fpicula, at first ſtraight, laſtly twiſted and bent, fig. 3, 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria. AnTheRÆSTAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS. ANTHERE oblongæ, flavæ, utrinque bifurcæ, fig. 5. oblong, yellow, forked at each end, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubrotundum, nitidum, mini - PISTILLUM: GErmen roundiſh, ſhining, very ſmall. STYLI duo, plumofi, fig. 6. STYLEs two, feathery, fig. 6. NECTARIUM: glumulæ duæ, lanceolatæ, ad baſin ger- NECTARY : two, ſmall, lanceolate glumes at the baſe minis, fig. 7 of the germen, fig. 7. SEMINA duo, nitida, ovato-acuta, altera ariſtata, altera SEEDS two, ſhining, ovate, pointed, the one bearded, mutica, glumis calycinis incluſa, fig. 8. the other naked, incloſed within the glumes of the calyx, fig. 8. Notwithſtanding this grafs has been well named and deſcribed by ſome of the older Botaniſts, particularly MORISON and Ray, its characters do not appear to be generally well underſtood. Baron HALLER conſiders it as too nearly related to the lanatus, to be with propriety conſidered as a diſtinct ſpecies; and Mr. LIGHTFOOT, in his Flora Scotica, entertains fimilar doubts. We have cultivated the two in ſeparate beds, cloſe to each other, for ſeveral years ; have noticed them with a marked attention, where they have grown wild; and, from a variety of characters, are led to conſider them as perfectly diſtinct. The moſt ſtriking of theſe characters we ſhall here enumerate. In the firſt place they differ widely in their natural places of growth : while the lonatus is moſt commonly found in meadows and paſtures, the mollis rarely occurs but in woods and its environs. We have, indeed, frequently found the lanatus, which is by far the moſt general graſs of the two, in a wood; but we never recollect feeing the mollis in meadows or paſtures, and but rarely in corn-fields, where it has been faid chiefly to grow. Coomb Wood in particular affords a ſtrong inſtance of its attachment to fhady ſituations. Contrary to what fome authors affert, we have ever found the mollis the leaſt plant; or, if it has been obſerved equally tall as the other, it has produced by far the moſt ſcanty panicle ; nor do the fpiculæ, in general, aſſume that brilliant colour which ſo eminently diſtinguiſhes thoſe of the lanatus on their firſt coming out. But the character which puts its being a ſpecies out of all doubt, is its root; that of the lanatus does not creep, while the mollis poffefſes that property in a degree equal to the ſtrongeſt couch-grafs. The other characters which ſtrikingly diſtinguiſh this ſpecies are its woolly joints and its large pointed fpicule, in which the beard, or awn, is invariably much longer than the glumes of the calyx. In ſpeaking of the lanatus we took notice of the impropriety of ſeparating that graſs from the general maſs, becaufe one of the flowers in each fpiculæ was imperfect *. The fructification of the preſent ſpecies argues more ſtrongly for its union with the others: here both flowers are hermaphrodite, both have ſtamina and feathery ſtyles, and both produce apparently perfect feeds. Indeed we can perceive no character to diſtinguiſh it from an aira, to which genus it perhaps with propriety belongs. SCHREber's figure gives a good repreſentation of the panicle when cloſed, but neither repreſents the joints or root well. As we conſider the Holcus lanatus, which is much to be preferred to the preſent ſpecies, as a very indifferent graſs for cattle, ſo we cannot but look on the mollis as one of the worſt fpecies of couch ; and, if it ſhould ever become a practice to fow certain woods with graſs feeds, this ſpecies ought iurely to be eradicated. It flowers in July * Scoroli, from a circumſtance of this fort, has in our opinion abfurdly enough placed the Apesa elatior with the Hokus. a 2 Тони анон Datum Song 130 AD 1. bu DOO STO fase da co HITS oopm ubondo Coco og bildbom ou cicio Sain oub Amma Foto bas OM o barstom na HO 2 Dort vosita doon Boca soiton olinoo asiasa bidwater WS Solo Subs to con boboto on dobe good nyde Hoid logo motoboothoog ys low 100 olt a doumidor i blago 22 lood resolg dow o di awo and once 325 'OF UN CH 3 Hordeum murinum. J. Soweroy del et foulp. HORDEUM MURINUM. WALL Barley. HORDEUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. lateralis, bivalvis, uniflorus, ternus. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ, FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. HORDEUM murinum flofculis lateralibus maſculis ariſtatis, involucris intermediis ciliatis. Lin. Syt. Vegetab. p. 108. Sp. Pl. p. 126. Fl. Suec. 11. 113. HORDEUM fpicis craflis, longe ariſtatis, calycinis glumis ariſtatis. Haller Hifi. n. 1536. HORDEUM murinum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1241. GRAMEN hordeaceum minus et vulgare. Bauh. Pin. 8. HORDEUM ſpurium vulgare. Parkinſon 1147. GRAMEN fecalinum et fecale fylveſtre. Ger, emac_73. Raii Syn. p. 391. Wild Rie or Rie-Graſs, Wall-Barley, Way-Bennet. Hudſon. Fl. Angl . ed, 2. p. 56. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 108. a a a RADIX annua, fibroſa, albida vel ſubfuſca. ROOT annual, fibrous, whitiſh or of a browniſh colour. CULMI plures, pedales et ſeſquipedales, ſuberecti, fo- STALKS numerous, a foot or a foot and a half high, liofi, bafi procumbentes, infracti, geniculati, nearly upright, leafy, procumbent at the bate, geniculis majuſculis, pallidioribus. and crooked or broken, jointed, the joints ra- ther large and paler than the ſtalk. FOLIA palmaria in quibuſdam etiam fex uncias longa, LEAVES a hand's-breadth or in ſome even fix inches in duas vel tres lineas lata, ſubglauca, molli pube length, and two or three lines broad, ſomewhat veſtita, baſi appendiculis duabus albis, acu- glaucous, and covered with a foſt down, fur- minatis, amplexicaulibus, inſtructa; membrana niſhed at the baſe with two ſmall, white, breviffima, obtufa; vagina vix pubeſcens. pointed appendages, which embrace the ſtalk; membrane very fhort and obtufe ; ſheath ſcarcely downy. SPICÆ palmares, et ultra, parum nutantes, pallide vie SPIKES a hand’s-breadth or more in length, drooping a rentes, compreffæ, fpicis hordei diſtichi haud little, of a pale green colour, flat, and not abfimiles. unlike thoſe of common barley. CALYX: INVOLUCRUM hexaphyllum, triflorum, fo- CALYX: an INVOLUCRUM of ſix leaves, containing liolis ſetaceis, acuminatis, ariftis corollæ bre- three flowers, the leaves running out to a long vioribus, fcabris, duobus intermediis bafi la- briſtly point, ſhorter than the beards of the tioribus, ciliatis, fig. 1. corolla, the two intermediate ones broader at the baſe than the others, and edged with hairs, fig. 1. FLOS intermedius hermaphroditus, laterales maſculi, FLOWER in the middle hermaphrodite, the ſide ones omnibus magnitudine et forma fimilibus, fig. 2. males, all alike in ſize and ſhape, fig. 2. Flos Hermaphrod. Hermaphrodite Flower. COROLLA bivalvis, valvula exterior oblongo-ovata, COROLLA of two valves, the outer valve oblong- acuminata, obſolete trinervis, lævis, definens ovate, with a long point, faintly three-ribbed, in ariſtam biuncialem ſcabram, fig. 4. valvula ſmooth, terminating in a beard or awn, which interior lanceolata, plana, medio fulcata, apice is rough to the touch, fig. 4. the inner valve emarginato-truncata, fig. 3. ad baſin exteriorem lanceolate, flat, with a groove, truncated at hujus valvulæ exfertur ariſta recta longitudine top, and flightly emarginate, fig. 3. at the filamentorum, fig. 8. outer baſe of this valve ariſes a ſtraight awn the length of the filaments, fig. 8. NECTARIUM: GLUMULæ duæ, acuminatæ ad baſin NECTARY: two long-pointed, little GLUMES, at the germinis, fig. 7. baſe of the germen, fig. 7. STAMINÅ: Filamenta tria, capillaria, glumis co- STAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS, much ſhorter rollæ multo breviora. ANTHERÆ parvæ, e than the glumes of the corolla ANTHERA flavo vireſcentes, fig. 5. ſmall, of a yellowiſh green colour, fig, 5. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, pubeſcens. STYLI PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, downy. STYLES two, duo, reflexi, villoſi, fig. 6. reflexed, and villous, fig. 6. Some of the graſſes are noxious to the huſbandman in one way, and ſome in another. We have been informed, on the moſt reſpectable authority, that in the Iſle of Thanet this graſs is well known to the inn-keepers, who call it Squirrel-tail Graſs; and find that if horſes feed on it for ſome time, the beards or awns of the ſpikes ſtick into their gums, and make them fo fore, that they are in danger of being ſtarved. The gentleman, who related to me this fact, informed me, that on the road he had a bill put into his hand, fignifying, that at ſuch an inn travellers might depend on having good hay for their cattle, without any mixture of Squirrel-tail Graſs. It is chiefly on the edges of paths, at the bottoms of walls, and on the borders of fields, that we find this noxious graſs; and in ſuch fituations it is extremely common in the neighbourhood of London. Fortunately it is ſeldom or never found in the body of paſtures and meadows, and conſequently it rarely occurs in our hay. It continues to flower and produce ſeed during the greateſt part of the ſummer. We are carfully to diſtinguiſh it from the Hordeum pratenſe of Mr. Hudson, which LINNÆUs, contrary to the opinion of RAY, VAILLANT, Haller, and other reſpectable Botaniſts, conſiders only as a variety of the preſent ſpecies. a a YA ALJAW моитям мин анон MUSCHOH χο της MOTOR EDIT toinen OH lo olovali in CT zii EXOT anti auto Og 15 MASO Fruta MUSICISION MAJD bo ET35 bid o la MUO dragon to Bois Chose rosto bad mig AIO poslodellonil Con Lovasub soudub brand ilunasan atau dovod robo 3 និង 10 ibilis at TANTO et oloo Car on 10 bimbo isigt mot ကို ပြန် . lud tomor 10 tot munotevu: YAD 0 dov :XYJAD Costa code to animalelo isto toho moc vltid vitito de boca dosbandsudutiv nous ont entot berdoar asa elad on otro si GO ០ olantino rotatai 2014 chori Turno famosos 7. Io. AITOTO 800-Golde за . ІІОЛОО 2. การ งาน 2012 (1) ololda Do start obiq telo bom logo ost enburg shit tonska sveutud Shad to erolo con door olland Amadonas AUD MUSTATOM istog -03 mg ligos ATUAMAVIMAT STAA Dondolomillor enisti ove edledug MUNITET 30. tolliv soub C to ni [ Oslo to og ni smola w 900 in totoon sus amg sdt to me mo Isole ou voullion dodus oldalo Jomada do init.bni ba'zoliginius igitur ad bovice by mod bus acusada . stells but as vir od ota borotni eins Tot vail boog divstro braqob origin Weblo lo abyod od lo to tasted oth logo atrodo Loronto sobnoj o botodeltonos ni nominican en buat seg troom You 10300 lops wosobowa 10 Bodoris obuolieved 10 moble dadi gara bashora bristowel of nico TOUT dodou Mostato odontogailib olsa . stalog sdt to see ito sa iliusto dagli bas TULIAVA toitigo TOIVOVICANOTTIERE lo blogit 20 d bodibus logiko bad Isole ਹੈ। ੧੦੦ 2 to be MELICA UNIFLORA. SINGLE-FLOWEREDMELIC-GRASS. MELICA Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. bivalvis, biflorus, rudimentum floris inter flofculos. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFecto CULMIFERÆ. MELICA uniflora panicula rara, calycibus bifloris, flofculo altero hermaphrodito, altero neutro. Retzit Faſc. Obf. Bot. 1. p. 10. 11. 9. GRAMEN avenaceum locuſtis rarioribus. Bauh. Pin. p. 10. GRAMEN avenaceum ſpica inutica rariore gluma. Hift. Ox. III. t. 7. f. 49. GRAMEN avenaceum nemorenſe, glumis rarioribus ex fuſco xerampelinis. Raii Syn. p. 403. GRAMEN avenaceum rariore grano neinorenſe danicum. Lob. Ad. P. Alt. p. 465. ic 1. B. p. 434. MELICA nutans petalis imberbibus, panicula ſecunda nutante, gluma uniflora. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. P. 37. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 95. RADIX perennis, fibroſa. ROOT perennial and fibrous. CULMUS fimplex, feſquipedalis et ultra, foliofus, ubi / STALK fimple, a foot and a half or more in height, vaginis foliorum tegitur ſubangulofus, 1caber, leafy, where it is covered with the ſheaths of ftriatus, ad baſin fordide purpureus. the leaves ſomewhat angular, fough and ftria- ted, at bottom of a dull purple colour. FOLIA caulina quinque circiter, e flavo viridia, plana, LEAVES of the ſtalk about five in number, of a yel- lineam unam cum dimidia aut duas fere lata, lowiſh-green colour, flat, a line and a half or in acutuin mucronem fenfim attenuata, fi di- almoſt two lines broad, terminating gradually giti deorſum ducantur afpera, fuperne fubpi- in a point, rough if drawn backwards betwixt lofa, marginibus ad lentem minutiffime ferre- the fingers, on the upper fide fomewhat hairy, latis, membrana breviſſima, vix ulla, at quod the edges of the leaves when magnified finely valde fingulare, et notatû dignum, foliolum ferrated, the membrane very ſhort, ſcarce any : ovato-acuminatum, erectum, coloratum, ex but what is very remarkable and worthy no- anteriore parte oris vaginæ oritur, nemine ante- tice, a ſmall ovate leaf with a long point, up- hac, ne cl. Retzio obfervatum, fig. 8. right, and coloured, riſes from the fore-part of the mouth of the ſheath, till now unobs ferved even by the celebrated Retzius, fig. 8. FLORES paniculati. FLOWERS growing in a panicle. PANICULA rara, pedunculis inferioribus geminis altero PANICLE looſe, the lowermoſt flower-ſtalks growing breviore, trifloris, etiam feptem aut octo floris two together, the one ſhorter than the other, in hortis culta, fuperioribus folitariis. bearing three flowers, and even feven or eight when cultivated in gardens, the uppermoft growing fingly. SPICULÆ pedicellatæ, primo atro-purpureæ, muticæ, SPICULÈ ſtanding on little foot-ſtalks, at firſt of a biflora, dark purple colour, beardleſs, each containing two flowers. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, biflorus, coloratus, nitidus, CALYX: a Glume of two valves, containing two valvula exteriore majore, ovata, concava, quin- flowers, coloured and ſhining, the outermoſt quenervi, ſubmucronata, interiore minore, valve ovate, hollow, having five ribs, and ter- ovato-lanceolata, trinervi, fig. 1. minated by a ſhort point, the innermoſt leaſt, ovato-lanceolate, and three-ribbed, fig. 1. FLOS bermaphrod. feflilis, valvula exterior magna, ven- FLOWER: the hermaphrodite one ſeſfile, the outer tricofa, marginibus interiorem amplectens, quæ valve large, bellying out, with its edges em- planiuſcula, marginibus membranaceis bracing the inner one, which is flattiſh, the flexis, præcipue prope baſin, fig. 2, 3. edges membranous and turned back, eſpecially near the baſe, fig. 2, 3. ſterilis pedunculatus, imperfectus, fig. 9. ; idem the ſterile flower ſtanding on a foot-ſtalk, and evolutus, fig. 10. imperfect, fig. 9. ; the fame unfolded, fig. 10. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria, brevia. AN. STAMINA: three FILAMENTS, capillary and ſhort. THERÆ flaveſcentes utrinque bifurcatæ, fig. 4. ANTHERÆ yellowiſh and forked at each end. re- fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, glabrum, nitidum, PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, ſmooth, ſhining, and Aaveſcens. STYLI duo bali diſcreta, divari- yellowiſh. Styles two, ſeparate at bottom cata. STIGMATA villoſa, fig. 5. and ſpreading out. STIGMATA villous, fig: 5. 5- NECTARIUM: Squamula minima, integra, ad baſın NECTARY: a very minute, entire ſcale, at the baſe of germinis, fig. 6. the germen, fig. 6. SEMEN ovatum, nitidum, majuſculum, nigricans, SEED ovate, ſhining, rather large and blackiſh, fig. 7. fig. 7 This elegant ſpecies, long ſince noticed and deſcribed by many of the old Botaniſts, particularly Ray, has been overlooked by LINNÆUS. Profeffor RETZIUS *, in the firſt faſciculus of his botanical obſervations, deſcribes it anew, and gives it the name of uniflora, having found each ſpicula to contain only one perfect flower. This name we therefore moſt readily adopt. Mr. Hudson, in his Flora Anglica, has miſtaken this plant for the nutans of LINNÆUS; and to the nutans has given the name of montana. The delicacy and ſtriking colour of its panicle, joined to its place of growth, readily diſtinguiſhes it from all our other graffes. It grows plentifully in moſt of the woods near London, and flowers in May and the beginning of June. * Andr. Joh. Retzii Falciculus Obfervationum Botanicarum primus, cum figuris æneis, Lipfiz, 1779. Melica uniflora. OR HO MELICÀ CÆRUL E A. BLUE MELIC-GRAS S. MELICA Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 2-valvis, 2-florus. Rudimentum floris inter flofculos. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. MELICA cærulea panicula coarctata floribus cylindricis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 113. AIRA cærulea foliis planis, panicula coarctata, floribus pedunculatis muticis convoluto fubulatis: Lin. Sp. Pl. 95. Fl. Suec. n. 67. POA fpiculis fubulatis panicula rara contracta. Fl. Lapp. 29. AIRA cærulea. Scopoli Fl. n. 91. GRAMEN arundinaceum enode minus ſylvaticum. Bauh. Pin. 7. Scheuch Agroft. 209. GRAMEN pratenſe ſerotinum, panicula longa purpurafcente. Raii hift. 1288. Moriſ. hiſt. 3. p. 201. S. 8. t. 5. f. 22. GRAMEN pratenſe ſpica Lavendulæ. Merr. Pin. 5. Raiz Syn. 404. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 33. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 96. a RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris craſſis, albidis feu & ROOT perennial, fibrous, thick, whitiſh or browniſh, fufcefcentibus, flexuoſis, villoſis. crooked and villous. CULMUS pedalis, ſeſquipedalis, aut bipedalis, bafi STALK a foot, a foot and a half, or two feet ſub-bulboſus, erectus, unico tantum nodo, high, ſomewhat bulbous at the baſe, upright, eoque prope bafin inſtructo, fuperne nudus, having only one knot, and the near the lævis. baſe, above naked and ſmooth. FOLIA plerumque tria, aut quatuor, palmaria, et LEAVES for the moſt part three or four, about a ultra, ex cæruleo virefcentia, latiuſcula, hand's-breadth in length, of a blueiſh-green acuminata, rigidula, inferiora plana, fupe- colour, rather broad, long-pointed, ſtiffiſh, riora fubconvoluta, ad margines pilofa, the lower ones flat, the upper ones fome- Membrana nulla, Vagina brevis, ftriata. what rolled up, hairy at the edges, Membrane none, Sheath ſhort and ſtriated. FLORES paniculati. FLOWERS growing in a panicle. PANICULA palmaris, et ultra, ramofa, ramis ap- PANICLE a hand's-breadth or more in length, preflis, hinc fubfpicata. branched, the branches cloſing together ſo as to form a kind of ſpike. SPICULÆ biflora, trifloræ, et quadrifloræ, fæpius , SPICULÆ containing two, three, and four flowers, vero trifloræ, fig. 1, 2, 3, cum rudimento but moſt commonly three, fig. 1, 2, 3, with flofculi in pleriſque, fig. 4, 5, juniores com- a rudiment of a flower in moſt of them, preſſæ, adultæ teretiufculæ, obtufæ, paulu- fig. 4, 5, the young ones flattened, the full- lum divergentes. grown ones roundiſh, obtuſe, ſlightly di- verging CALYX bivalvis, valvulae fubæquales, acutæ, cari- CALYX compoſed of two valves, the valves nearly natæ, ad margines purpureæ, fig. 6. equal, pointed, keeled, the edges purple, fig. 6. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulæ fubæquales, exteriore COROLLA compoſed of two valves, the valves majore, interiorem ampleétente, trinerve, nearly equal, the outer one, which is largeſt, ſubmucronatâ, ad margines purpureâ, inte- embracing the inner one, three-ribb’d, ſlightly riore binerve, pallidiore, obtufa, paulo bre- pointed, the edges purple, the inner valve viore, fig. 7. two-ribb’d, paler, obtuſe, and a little ſhorter, fig. 7. NECTARIUM: SQUAMULæ duæ, breviſſimæ, latæ, o NECTARY: two very ſhort, broad, truncated, truncatæ, emarginatæ, fig. 8. emarginate Scales, fig. 8. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria ; ANTHER Æ Ø STAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS; ANTHERÆ bifurcæ, purpureæ, fig. 11. forked at each end, and purple, fig. 11. PISTILLUM: Germen minimum, glabrum, fub- PISTILLUM: Germen very minute, ſmooth, and ovatum ; Styli duo, ramofi, ad baſın uſque ſomewhat ovate; STYLES two, branched purpurei, fig. 9, 10. down to the bottom, and purple, fig. 9. 10. 0 0 a a . Our readers, on peruſing the above deſcription, will quickly perceive, that this grafs does not accord, in every reſpect, with the characters of a Melica ; it has, in general, too many flowers : yet, as the eſſential part, the rudimentum floſculi, is found in moſt of the Spiculæ, it cannot, perhaps, be more judiciouſly arranged. Linnæus, at different periods, appears to have entertained a different opinion of it: in his Flora Lapponica, he conſiders it as a Poa ; in his Species Plantarum and Flora Suecica, as an Aira; and, laſtly, in his Syſtema Vegetabilium, makes it a Melica.. If the Spiculæ be examined when the plant is young, they are certainly very Poa-like, being pointed, flattened, and containing uſually from three to five flowers ; as they advance, their form alters, they become rounder, and more like the flowers of the Aira aquatica : if the rudimentum floſculi were wanting, it would be difficult to fay with which of the two genera it ſhould be placed ; that being preſent, the difficulty vaniſhes, and we claſs it at once with the Melica. Two ſtriking peculiarities diſtinguiſh this graſs: the ſtalk has only one knot, and that near its baſe; and not only its ftamina, but its ſtigmata alſo, are of a deep purple colour. MERRET's name of Gramen Spica Lavendulæ, is very expreſſive of its appearance when in flower. It is a very common graſs on wet moors and heaths, and flowers from July to the end of September ; it is harſh and late, and therefore does not ſeem at all adapted to agricultural purpoſes; it varies greatly in ſize, Mr. LIGHTFOOT, in his Flora Scotica, informs us, that in the Iſle of Skie, the fiſhermen make ropes for their nets of this graſs, which they find by experience will bear the water well without rotting. SCHEUCHZER ſays, that befoms are fometimes made of the ſtraws. M *-* 8... 6 Melica cærulea. ON OR Bicy வா POA AQUATICA. WATER MEADOW MEADOW GRASS. POÀ Lin. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 2-valvis, multiflorus. Spicula ovata : valvulis margine fcarioſis acutiufculis. Raiz Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER Æ. POA aquatica panicula diffuſa, ſpiculis ſexfloris linearibus. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 97. Sp. Pl. p. 98. Fl. Suec. n. 26. POA altiſſima, foliis latiſſimis, panicula ampliſſima, locuftis diſtichis multifloris. Haller hift. n. 1454. POA aquatica. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1og. GRAMEN aquaticum paniculatum latifolium, Bauh. Pin. 3. GRAMEN aquaticum majus. Ger. emac. 6. Raii Syn. p. 411. Great Water-Reed-Graſs. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 38. 0 RADIX perennis, repens. O ROOT perennial, and creeping. CULMUS tripedalis, ad ſepedalem, erectus, foliofus, STALK from three to fix feet high, upright, leafy, craflitie culmi arundinacei, ſuperne ubi nudus, the thickneſs of a reed ſtraw, on the upper teres, lævis, fubtiliffime ftriatus; geniculis part where it is naked, round, ſmooth, very flaveſcentibus. finely grooved; the joints yellowiſh. FOLIA ſemunciam aut unciam fere lata, utrinque & LEAVES half an inch and almoſt an inch broad, glabra, tenuiſſime ftriata, carinata, carina ſmooth on both fides, very finely grooved, marginibuſque afperis, ad baſin folii utrinque keeled, the-keel as well as the edges rough, macula triangularis flava, vagina glabra, the baſe of the leaf on each ſide is marked ftriata, carina prominente, membrana brevis with a yellow triangular ſpot, the ſheath is obtufa. ſmooth and ſtriated, the keel prominent, the membrane ſhort and obtuſe. PANICULA maxima, femipedalis, aut pedalis, erecta, % PANICLE very large, from fix inches to a foot in ramofiflima. length, upright, very much branched. PEDUNCULI fubtriquetri, ſcabri, fuperne flexuoſi. FLOWER-ŠTALKS ſomewhat three-cornered, rough, crooked above. SPICULÆ lanceolatæ, fubcompreſſæ 6—8. floræ, & SPICULÆ lanceolate, ſomewhat flattened, contain- colore ex fpadiceo et viridi miſto. ing from fix to eight flowers, variegated with green and purple. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, valvulae membranaceæ, CALYX: a Glume of two valves, the valves mem- uninerviæ, ovatæ, concavæ, interiore bre- branous, one-ribbed, ovate, concave, the in- viore et acutiore. nermoſt ſhorter and more pointed than the other. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulæ fubæquales, obtuſa, COROLLA compoſed of two valves, which are nearly exteriore majore, concava, nervoſa, ad bafin equal, obtufe, the outer one largeſt, con- tuberculata, interiore planiuſcula. cave, ribbed, with a ſmall tubercle at the baſe, the inner one nearly flat. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, alba, capillaria ; An- STAMINA: three, white, capillary FILAMENTS; THER Æ oblongæ, utrinque bifidæ, flavæ aut ANTHERE oblong, bifid at each end, yel- purpurea. low or purple. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum, glabrum; STYLI O PISTILLUM: GERMEN, ovate, ſmooth; STYLES duo, fuperne ramofi, inferne nudi, paulo in- two, branched above, naked below, proceed- fra apicem prodeuntes. ing from a little below the top. NECTARIUM: fquamula parva truncata ad bafin NECTARY: a ſmall truncated ſcale at the baſe of germinis. SEMEN tectum, hinc convexum, ftriatum, inde con- SEED covered, convex and ſtriated on one ſide, con- cavum, pallide fuſcum. cave on the other, of a pale brown colour. the germen. The Poa aquatica is one of the largeſt as well as the moſt uſeful of our graſſes ; it conſtitutes a great part of the riches of Cambridgeſhire, Lincolnſhire, and other counties, where draining the land by means of windmills has taken place; immenſe tracts of territory that uſed to be overflown and produce uſeleſs aquatics, but which ſtill retain much moiſture, are, by the above proceſs, ſpontaneouſly covered with this graſs, which not only affords rich paſturage for their cattle in the ſummer, but forms the chief part of their winter fodder. It has a powerfully creeping root, and bears frequent mowing well (we have known it cut thrice in one ſeaſon in the vicinity of the Thames); hence it is apt to gain the aſcendancy over, rather than be overcome by other plants. It grows not only in very moiſt ground, but in the water itſelf: like the Cats-tails, Burr-reed, and ſeveral other plants of that kind, it ſoon fills up the watery ditches which ſurround the meadows in which it grows, and occaſions them to require frequent cleanſing; in this reſpect it is a formidable plant, even in flow rivers. In the Iſle of Ely, they have a particular method of cleanſing the rivers, which are liable to be ſoon choked up by the Arrow-head, Water-lilies, Reeds, &c. by means of an inſtrument called a Bear, which is an iron roller, in which a number of pieces of iron, like ſmall ſpades, are fixed; this is drawn up and down the river by horſes, which travel on the banks, and tearing up every plant by the roots, they float and are carried away by the ſtream. The Poa aquatica not only affords fuftenance to cattle, but is a favourite food of the Caterpillar of the Gold-ſpot Moth (Phalana Feftucæ, Lin.) which LINNÆUS deſcribes as feeding on the Feſtuca fluitans, but which feeds with us chiefly on this graſs : the Moth proceeding from this larva, is one of the moſt beautiful which this country produces ; the Caterpillar being ſmooth and of a green colour, is not eaſily diftinguiſhed from the graſs on which it feeds; when full-grown, it uſually bends down the top of one of the leaves, and underneath it, makes a thin ſpinning, in which it changes to chryſalis ; this ſpinning, from its whiteneſs, is eaſily diſcovered'; but we muſt apprize our readers, that theſe Caterpillars are not very numerous, and that they will be fortunate if they find one or two after a long ſearch; the Moth, Caterpillar, and Chryſalis, are figured in Albin's Engliſh Inſects; but a much better painting of the Moth may be ſeen in Roesel, Tom. 1. Tab. zo. We have generally found them at the commencement of harveft, when the wheat has been in ſheaf; the Moth comes forth in a week or two. We obſerved in the Iſle of Ely, a much larger Caterpillar, when full-grown, nearly the ſize of the Ph. Potatoria, hairy and very beautiful, not uncommon on this graſs; but not having the proper convenience for breeding it, we are as yet unacquainted with the Moth it produces, but ſuſpect it will prove a non-deſcript. The Poa aquatica flowers as late as Auguft and September. a a 330 VNO 7 V Poa aquatica an S.NET co w daju А. 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Tage 30 won sabato o son doit solat bo Amme Ninto digitale ad omne bonboshtit toomes odavno da als begin to some common bele dane o interest gastbin. . o uso sul Interior ses a broncost of all lomillations mostafrel shoved on SHERARDIA ARVENSIS. Field FIELD SHERARDIA. SHERARDIA Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. 1-petala, infundibuliformis. Semina 2, tridentata. Raii Syn. Gen. 12. HERBÆ STELLATÆ. SHERARDIA arvenſis foliis omnibus verticillatis, floribus terminalibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 125. Spec. Pl. p. 149. Fl. Suec. n. 120. SHERARDIA foliis ſenis lanceolatis, floribus feffilibus umbellatis. Haller. Hift. n.734, SCHERARDIA arvenſis. Scopoli Fl. Carn. N. 143. RUBEOLA arvenſis repenis cærulea. Bauh. Pin. 334. RUBIA minor pratenſis cærulea. Parkins. p. 276. RUBEOLA parvo flore cæruleo ſe ſpargens. I. B. III. 719. Raii Syn. p. 225. Little field Madder. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 66. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 114. a a per fide. RADIX annua, fibroſiffima, fibrillis rufis. ROOT annual, extremely fibrous, the fmall fibres red- diſh brown. CAULES palmares, ſpithamæi et ultra, humifuſi, af- STALKS a hand's breadth, half a foot or more in length, peri, tetragoni. laying on the ground, rough and four-cornered. FOLIA ſuperiora verticillata, ſena, feu quina, foliolis lan- LEAVES: thoſe on the upper part of the ſtalk growing ceolatis, inferiora numero ſenſim decreſcunt, in whirls, five or fix together, the leaves lan- et latiora fiunt, infima fæpius terna, ovata, ceolate, the lower leaves gradually decreaſing femiverticillata, omnibus mucronatis, fuperne in number, and becoming broader, the lower- ſcabris. moſt generally growing three together, ovate, and forming half a whirl, all of them termi- nating in a ſhort point, and rough on the up- FLORES umbellati, feffiles, parvi, læte purpurei. FLOWERS growing in umbels, feffile, ſmall, of a bright purple colour. PEDUNCULI axillares, ſolitarii, tetragoni, peracta flo- FLOWER-STALKS growing from the alæ of the reſcentia longitudine foliolorum. leaves, ſolitary, four-cornered, when the flow- ering is over the length of the leaves. CALYX INVOLUCRUM octophyllum, foliolis lanceo- CALYX: an INVOLUCRUM of eight leaves, which latis, carinatis, ciliatis. are lanceolate, keeled and edged with hairs. CALYX PERIANTHIUM parvum, 6-dentatum, ſu- CALYX: a ſmall PERIANTHIUM, having fix teeth, , perum, perſiſtens, fig. 1. placed on the top of the germen and perma- nent, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis . Tubus cy- COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylin- lindraceus, longus. Limbus quadripartitus, drical and long. Limb flat, divided into four planus, laciniis acutis, fig. 2. ſharp ſegments, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor ad apicem tubi po- STAMINA: four FILAMENTS placed at the top of the ſita, demiffo polline reflexa. ANTHERÆ fim- tube, turning back on the ſhedding of the pol- plices, pallide purpureæ, fig. 3. len. ANTHERÆ fimple, pale purple, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN didymum, oblongum, infe- | PISTILLUM: GERMEN double, oblong, beneath the rum, fig. 4. STYLUS filiformis, ſuperne bifi- calyx, fig. 4. STYLE filiform, bifid at top. dus. STIGMATA capitata, fig. 5. STIGMATA forming two ſmall heads, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM nullum; fructus oblongus, coronatus, SEED-VESSEL none; the fruit oblong, crowned, fe- longitudinaliter in duo femina feparabilis. parable longitudinally into two feeds. SEMINA bina, oblonga, apice tribus acuminibus notata, SEEDS two together, oblong, furniſhed at top with hinc convexa inde plana, fig. 6, 7. three points, convex on one ſide and flat on the other, fig. 6, 7. TOURNEFORT conſidered this plant as a ſpecies of Aparine. The more accurate DILLENIUS made a new genus of it, to which he gave the name of his friend and patron, that excellent Engliſh Botaniſt Dr. SHERARD. Vid. Dill. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 96. This ſmall annual is a native of our corn fields, and common almoſt every where, flowering during the greateſt part of the ſummer. a There is a neatneſs in its bloſſoms almoſt fufficient to recommend it as an ornamental plant: to any other uſe it does not appear to havethe lea ft pretenſions. 313 A Sherardia arvensis. Jewerby del et foule UNL Beri OF 297 Sagina apetala. IV 2 OF GH M SAGINA APÉTALA. ANNUAL PEARL-WORT. SAGINA Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Cal. 4-phyllus. Petala 4. Capf. i-locularis, 4-valvis, polyſperma. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBA PENTAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. SAGINA apetala radice annua, caule erectiufculo pubefcente. SAGINA apetala caule erectiufculo pubeſcente, floribus alternis apetalis. Lin. Mantiſ. 559. Syft. Vegetab. p. 142. SAGINA caulibus erectis, radice annua, floribus apetalis. Ard Spec. 2. p. 22. t. 8. fig. 1. SAXIFRAGA Anglica Alfinefolia annua. D. Ploc Hift. Nat. Oxf. c. 6. $ 9. t. 9. f. 7. Raii Syn. P. 345. Annual Pearl wort. ALSINE Saxifraga graminifolia, flofculis tetra petalis herbidis et muſcofis. Pluk. Alm. t. 74. f. 2. SAGINA procumbens var. B. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 73. RADIX annua, fibroſa. ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULES plures, primo procumbentes, demum erecti, STALKS ſeveral, at firſt procumbent, afterwards up- unciales, triunciales et ultra, teretes, filiformes, right, from one to three inches or more in hifpiduli, nodofi. height, round, filiform, ſomewhat hifpid, and jointed. FOLIA oppoſita, lineari-ſubulata, brevia, mucronata, LEAVES oppoſite, linear, and ſomewhat awl-ſhaped, hiſpidula. ſhort, terminated by a fine point, and ſome- what hiſpid. FLORES alterni, pedunculati. FLOWERS alternate, and ſtanding on foot-ſtalks. PEDUNCULI apice primo nutantes, demum erecti, pilis FLOWER-STALKS firſt drooping at top, finally up- raris Veſtiti. right, covered with a few hairs. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum fubinde penta- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four, ſometimes five, phyllum, foliolis ovatis, obtufis, concavis, ovate, obtuſe, hollow, ſmooth, permanent lævibus, perfiftentibus, marginibus purpuraf- leaves, with purpliſh edges, fig. 1. centibus, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA plertimque quatuor, minutiſſima, COROLLA: generally compoſed of four Petals, which nudo oculo vix confpicua, alba, obcordata, are extremely ſmall, and ſcarcely viſible to the fig. 2. naked eye, white and inverſely heart-thaped, fig. 22 STAMINA: FILAMENT A quatuor alba, calyce breviora. STAMINA : four white FILAMENTS, ſhorter than the ANTHERÆ albæ, fig. 3. calyx. ANTHERÆ white, fig. 3. PISTILLUM et Capſula ut in Sagina procumbente. PISTILLUM and Capſule as in the procumbent Pearl- wort. Mr. Ray, in his Synopſis, confiders this ſpecies as diſtinct from the procumbens ; and informs us, that it differs from it not only in the colour of its ſtalks and leaves, which are of a browner hue, but that it has an annual root ; and that it does not put forth roots at the joints as the procumbens does, he refers to a figure given of it by Plot in his Natural Hiſtory of Oxfordſhire. Notwithſtanding Ray's defcription, and Plot's figure, LINNÆUS, in his Spec. Plant, conſidered it only as a variety of the procumbens ; but afterwards, more fully convinced by the deſcription and figure given of this plant by ARDUINI, an Italian Botaniſt, he adopts it in his ſecond Mantilla as a ſpecies. It appears, by Mr. Hudson's quotations, that he has been no ſtranger to the obſervations of theſe authors; but, in oppoſition to them all, he continues it only as a variety. From 'a thorough conviction of the propriety of Mr. Rat’s conduæ in making it a ſpecies, we have given a ſeparate figure of it, and thall not only confirm his account, but give a few additional remarks of our own, which we preſume may finally ſettle this matter. The diſtinction of an annual and perennial root, though it cannot be admitted, perhaps, in all caſes as a ſpecific character, muſt be allowed to have conſiderable weight. To aſcertain the conſtancy of this character we have for ſeveral years cultivated the two plants cloſe together, on a wall with partitions containing earth; the reſult has been that the apetala has proved as regular an annual as the Draba verna, while the procumbens has continued green through the winter; and we have no doubt but this always is the caſe with theſe plants, when they grow iu their natural ſituations. The procumbens is always procumbent; and when it grows, as it moſt commonly does, in moiſt ſituations, it mats and ſpreads on the ground. The ſtalks of the apetala, when the plant is young, ſpread on the ground; but as it advances to maturity they riſe up, and, if ſeveral grow together, become quite erect. Where the plants grow fingly, and in a dry ſituation, they neither acquire the ſame height, nor the ſame degree of uprightnets . Some- times this ſpecies is found on moiſt ſhady walls, much taller and more branched than the ſpecimens we have figured ; but whether the plants of the apetala be ſmall or large, their ſtalks and leaves are always hairy; while in the procumbens they are perfectly ſmooth, the hairs are viſible to the naked eye, and when magnified have no little globules at their extremities, as thoſe of the Spergula ſaginoides have, which comes very near in its appearance to the Pearl-wort: thus we find theſe three difficult plants may, with certainty, be diſtinguiſhed by their ſtalks alone, The apetala is a ſmaller plant than the procumbens, and much finer in its ſtalks. Its leaves are alſo ſhorter by almoſt one-half, and leſs ſucculent; and theſe, ſo far we have obſerved, are the chief differences. From its name one would be led to ſuppoſe, that it was perfectly apetalous ; and both LINNÆUS and ARDUINI deſcribe it as ſuch. We have generally found it with petals; but fo minute, indeed, as almoſt to require a magnifier to render them viſible. Theſe petals we have given a magnified view of, and have repreſented the plant in the leveral ſtates in which it is found in dry ſituations. Mr. Ray does not appear to have had an idea of its being a common plant, as he mentions the particular ſpots where it was to be found : with us there is no plant more abundant, eſpecially on walls, in gravel walks, where it is a troubleſome weed, and on barren heaths. It flowers in May and Fune. There is, perhaps, ſcarce any plant that is quicker in ripening its feeds. In our examination of this plant we found the egg of a very ſmall moth glued to an unripe capſule, the ſeeds of which were probably deſtined to feed its caterpillar. og be GA POTAMOGETON CRISPUM. CURLED PONDWEED, or GREATER WATER CALTROPS. POTAMOGETON Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRÁNDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Cal. o. Petala 4. Stylus o. Sem. 4. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HERBÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALO POTIUS. POTAMOGETON criſpum foliis lanceolatis alternis oppoſitiſve undulatis ſerratis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 141. Sp. Pl. p. 183. Fl. Suec. n. 148. POTAMOGETON. Hall. Hift. n. 848. POTAMOGETON criſpum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. 11. 181. POTAMOGETON foliis crifpis feu lactuca ranarum, Bauh. p. 465. . POTAMOGETON ſeu fontinalis criſpa. I. B. III. p. 778. TRIBULUS aquaticus minor Quercûs floribus. Ger. em. 1282. TRIBULUS aquaticus minor prior. Park. 1248. Raii Syn. p. 149. The greater Water Caltrops. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 75. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 122.. > RADIX perennis, repens. *ROOT perennial and creeping. CAULES plurimi, variæ longitudinis, fordide carnei, STALKS numerous, of various lengths, of a dirty fleſha ſubdiaphani, compreſli , utrinque ſulcati, ramofi. colour, ſomewhat tranſparent, flattened, with a groove on each ſide, and branched. VAGINÆ breves, concolores, vix diftinguendæ. SHEATHS ſhort, of the ſame colour as the ſtalks, ſcarcely to be diſtinguiſhed. FOLIA feffilia, lanceolata, obtufa, fubdiaphana, crifpa, LEAVES feffile, lanceolate, obtuſe, ſomewhat tranſpa- ſcarioſa, nitida, trinervia, ſerrulata, inferiori- rent, curled, fonorous to the touch, ſhining, bus alternis, fuperioribus oppofitis. three-ribbed, ſharply and finely ferrated, the lower ones alternate, the upper ones oppoſite. PEDUNCULI axillares, bi ſeu triunciales; craſſiuſculi, GENERAL FLOWER-STALKS growing from the ſubcompreffi. alæ of the leaves, two or three inches in length, thickiſh, and ſomewhat flattened. FLORES fpicati, fex five octo, fefliles. FLOWERS fix or eight, growing in a ſpike, and feffile. CALYX nuilus. CALYX wanting COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, fubrotunda, obtufa, COROLLA: four PETALs, roundiſh, obtuſe, hollow, concava, unguiculata, primo erecta, dein pa- connected by a little claw, at firſt upright, tentia, decidua, e fuſco viridia, fig. 1. afterwards ſpreading and deciduous, of an greenith brown colour, fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, breviffima, vix dif- STAMINĂ: four FILAMENTS, very ſhort, ſcarcely to tinguenda. ANTHER Æ breves, didymæ, albæ, be diſtinguiſhed. ANTHERA Short, having fig. 2. two ſeparate lobes, of a white colour, fig: 2. PISTILLUM: GERMINA quatuor, ovato-acuminata. PISTILLUM: GERMINA four, ovate, with a long point. Stylus nullus. STIGMATA obtuſa, fig. 3. STYLE none. STIGMATA obtuſe, fig. 3. SEMINA quatuor, nuda, majuſcula, fordide virentia, SEEDS four, naked, rather large, of a dirty green, flat- utrinque compreffa, externe ad bafin denticu- tened on each fide, toothed externally at the lata, fig. 4. baſe, fig. 4. a Moſt of the plants of this genus have creeping roots, which penetrating eaſily through the mud, cauſe them to fpread very faſt, ſo as ſoon to fill up a pond or flow river, if unmoleſted. We have obſerved, that ducks very readily eat not only the feeds, but the leaves of the preſent ſpecies, which is one of the moſt common. The introduction of water-fowl may therefore probably prevent this ſpecies at leaſt, and perhaps ſome of the others, from increaſing too much. It flowers in June and July. n Potamogeton crispum. 347 2 3 7 Atropa Belladonna Sowerby del.et fculp. NA OF CH M ATROPA BELLADONNA. DWALE, or DEADLY NIGHTS H A D E. ATROPA Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. campanulata. Stam. diftantia. Bacca globofa, 2-locularis. Raiz Syn. Gen. 16. Herbee Bacciferæ. ATROPA Belladonna caule herbaceo, foliis ovatis integris. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. ed. 14. P. 221. Sp. Plant. p. 260. BELLADONNA caule herbaceo, brachiato, foliis ovato lanceolatis, integerrimis. Haller. hift. n. 579. BELLADONNA trichotoma. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 255. SOLANUM melanoceraſus. Bauh. pin. 166. SOLANUM lethale. Ger. emac. 340. Parkinſ. 346. Raii Syn. p. 265. Deadly Nightſhade, . Dwale. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p.93. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 144. Jacquin Fl. Auftr. t. 309. 0 a RADIX perennis, craffa, albida, ramoſa, repens. ROOT perennial, thick, whitiſh, branched, and creeping CAULES plures, baſi digitum crafli, tripedales et STALKS ſeveral, at bottom the thickneſs of one's , ultra, erecti, herbacei, teretes, ramofi, in finger, three feet or more high, upright, her- apricis ſordide purpurei, pubeſcentes. baceous, round, branched, in expoſed fitua- Gibtions of a dingy purple colour, downy, FOLIA petiolata, ovata, acuta, integerrima, utrin- LEAVES ftanding on footitalks, ovate, pointed, que lævia, venofa, ad latera caulis ramo- perfectly entire, ſmooth on both fides, veiny, rumque gemina et magnitudine inæqualia, growing in pairs (but unequal in fize) from inter quæ pedunculus uniflorus et ſæpius the ſides of the ſtalks, from betwixt them folitarius egreditur, riſes the flower-ítalk fupporting one flower, and uſually fingle. PEDUNCULI teretes, viſcidi, ad flores paululum in- & FLOWER-STALKS round, viſcid, thickened ſome- craſſati. what next the flowers. FLORES cernui, inodori, fordide purpurei, fub- & FLOWERS drooping, fcentleſs, of a dingy purple viſcidi, externe nitidi, venoſi. colour, fomewhat viſcid, externally glofly and veiny. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinque- CALYX: a PeríANTHIUM of one leaf, deeply di- a partitum, angulatum, laciniis ovato-acumi- vided into five ſegments, angular, the ſeg- natis, inæqualibus, viſcofis, fig. 1. ments ovato-acuminate, unequal, and viſ- cous, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulata; Tubus bre- COROLLA monopetalous, bell-ſhaped ; Tube very villimus, albus, fubpentagonus ; Limbus ſhort, white, ſlightly five-cornered ; Limb ventricoſus, ovatus, ore quinquefido, patulo, bellying out, ovate, mouth ſpreading, divided laciniis fubæqualibus, fig. 2. into five equal fegments, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, albida, quorum STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, whitiſh, two of which duo paulo breviora, inferne paulo craffiora, are a little ſhorter than the reft, ſomewhat piloſa, apice incurva, longitudine tubi; thickeſt towards the baſe, and hairy, bent ANTHER £ magnæ, didymæ, lutefcentes, re- down at top, the length of the tube ; An- motæ, fig. 3. THERE large, double, yellowih, and re- mote, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen femiovatum, utrinque ful- PISTILLUM: GErmen femiovate, with a groove catum, ad baſin glandula luteſcente cinctum; on each ſide, ſurrounded at bottom with a STYLUS filiformis, ftaminibus longior, in- yellowiſh gland; STYLE thread-ſhaped, clinatus; STIGMA capitatum, affurgens, longer than the ftamina, inclined down tranſverſo-oblongum, bilabiatum, viride, wards; STIGMA forming a little head, tranſ- fig. 4. verſely oblong, two-lip'd, of a green colour, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: BACCA atra, nitida, fubrotunda, SEED-VESSEL: a black, gloſſy, roundifh Berry, ſaporis dulcis, bilocularis, fig. 5, 6. of a ſweet taſte, with two cavities, fig. 5, 6. SEMINA plurima, fuſca, irregularia, fig: 7 SEEDS numerous, brown, and irregular in ſhape, Obſ. Semina fuſceſcunt priufquam Bacca nigreſcit. Obf. The feeds turn brown before the Berry becomes black. © 0 fig. 7 The rage for building, joined to the numerous alterations perpetually making in the environs of London, have been the means of extirpating many plants which formerly grew plentifully around us. To this cauſe we are to attribute the loſs of the preſent plant, which the late Sir William Watson and Mr. STANESBY ALCHORNE of the Tower, gentlemen eminent for their knowledge of Britiſh plants, have often aſſured me grew, within their remembrance, in ſeveral places near town; happily we are now under the neceſſity of going much further into the country, if we wiſh to ſee it grow wild. We have frequently noticed it in many of the chalk-pits in Kent, and in both fhady and expoſed fituations elſewhere in particular, we remember to have ſeen it growing in great abundance on Keep-Hill, near High Wycomb, Buckinghamſhire. Cloſe by the ſpot where we obſerved it, there chanced to be a little boy; I alked him, if he knew the plant? He anſwered "Yes; it was naughty man's cherries." I then inquired of him, if he had ever eaten any of the berries? He ſaid he had, with ſeveral other children from an adjoining poor-houſe, and that it made them all very fick, but that none of them had died. Was not this plant ftudiouſly deſtroyed wherever it is found wild, it would be much more common than it is; for there are few plants to which nature has been ſo liberal in the means of increaſe: it has a very large perennial root, which runs deep into the earth, multiplies greatly, and frequently creeps under ground to a great diſtance; added to this, its berries are very numerous, and contain a prodigious quantity of ſeeds. Forbidding Forbidding as this plant may appear to fome, its large gloſſy berries are certainly a great temptation to children ; and, therefore, gentlemen, if they have the plant in their gardens, ſhould never ſuffer it to ripen its fruit. a It flowers in June and July ; its berries are ripe in Auguſt and September. IO Numerous inſtances of the pernicious, and even deleterious effects of the deadly Nightſhade are on record; among others, ſuch of our readers as are fond of hiſtory will not be diſpleaſed with the prolixity of the following account taken from Blair's Pharmaco-Botanologia, p. 81. “ The Solanum Lethale ſeems to produce the ſame effects with the Hyoſcyamus, Cynogloſſum, and other • intenſe Narcoticks, which uſually, before they affect the perſon with ſleep, produce delirious and manaical “ ſymptoms; however it is an herb of ſo pernicious a nature, that ſcarce any Author who treats of it fails, “ from proper obſervation, or good information, to give diſmal inſtances of its bad effects. Simon Pauli " • refers us to Lobelius his Adverſaria, and Bodeus à Stapel. Mr. Ray's account of what happened to a “ Mendicant Friar, upon the taking a glaſs of the infuſion of it in mallow wine, gives a good account of the various ſymptoms it produces. In a ſhort time, he became delirious, after a little (Cachinne) a grinning laughter like the Riſus Sardonicus fucceeded; after that ſeveral irregular motions; and at laſt a real madneſs, and of ſuch a ſtupidity as thoſe that are ſottiſhly drunk have: which after all was cured by a draught of vinegar. “ Mr. Miller mentions ſeveral Children at Croydon, who not long fince were poiſoned. Another inſtance as of its bad effects has fallen under my own obſervation : two or three perſons not far from hence, having got into a gentleman's garden, were delighted with the black berries of the Solanum Lethale, and eat ſome of " them; it was very pleaſant (within a ſhort time after) to ſee their frantic humours, geſtures, and ſpeeches : “ but upon their taking of emeticks in due time, they were cured. It is worthy of recital what Mr. Ray “ tells us happened to a Lady of Quality of his acquaintance, who having a ſmall ulcer a little below her eye, which ſhe ſuſpected to be cancrous; ſhe applied a bit of the leaf of this Solanum, which ſo relaxed “ the Tunica Uvea in one night, that ſhe could not contract the Pupilla the next day, ſo that the Pupilla of " the one eye was four times as big as the other; and upon the removal of the leaf, the fibres recovered their " muſcular tone by degrees : and, left this ſhould ſeem to be merely accidental, ſhe repeated the experiment " three times, at which Mr. Ray himſelf was preſent. a 66 66 66 66 << But the moſt memorable inſtance of the direful effects of this Plant is to be ſeen recorded by the cele- e brated Buchanan, in his Hiſtory of Scotland, by which we may obſerve how the Almighty God can convert the moſt deadly poiſons into the fitteft antidotes, for thoſe whom he has a mind to preſerve. This obliges me to make a digreſſion, not altogether unſuitable, ſince it gives the botanical deſcription of a Plant, writ about a hundred and fifty years ago, by one who himſelf was no profeſſed Botaniſt, the uſe 66 made of it, and the wonderful effects it produced. 's In the reign of Duncan I. King of Scotland (who was afterwards murdered by Mackbeth the Tyrant) 66 Harold the Dane invaded England, not long before the days of King William the Conqueror: Sweno, his “ brother, at the ſame time invaded Scotland. Upon his landing in Fife, he obtained a ſignal victory, which obliged the King of Scotland, with the remainder of his routed forces, to retire to Bertha (an ancient town 65 of great note ſituated on the river Tay, which was not long after deſtroyed by an inundation, and out • of whoſe ruins the town of Perth was built, and now ſtands upon the ſame river, two miles nearer the 6 ſea) and purſued them ſo cloſely, that he laid ſiege to the town both by land and water. The Scots were put to great ſtraits, not for want of proviſions, but for want of men to repel the beſiegers. King Duncan was a peaceable unactive man; he had ſometime before committed the government to the management of Bancho, of a cunning and ſubtle wit; and to Mackbeth, of a fierce, bold, aſpiring ſpirit. Mackbeth went to the country to raiſe a reinforcement, while Bancho treated with the enemy, and firſt obtained a s ceſſation of arms, and then ſpun out time by framing of articles of peace. The Danes wanted proviſions, “ but abounded with men; the Scots abounded in proviſions, but wanted men. The truce was equally " acceptable to both, eſpecially to the Danes, who for the preſent expected plenty of all things, and for the “ future the conqueſt of a whole kingdom. Care was immediately taken by the Scots to afford them all manner of liquors, both wine and ale, and they continued to mix with them a good quantity of the Deadly Nightſhade (this Solanum Lethale, or Somniferum) of which we now treat. The bait took ; the “ Danes drank plentifully, and were all intoxicated: mad with this poiſonous juice, and alleep through “ drunkenneſs, the Scots fell upon them, killed the moſt part, and, with much ado, a few remaining got to “ their veſſels, while their beſotted King was carried, like a fack-load, upon a beaſt down to the river, where " there were ſcarce ſailors enough ſaved from the ſlaughter to man the veſſels." DEERING relates, that a friend of his, a Dr. Medley, has ſeveral times eaten three or four of the berries, without receiving any hurt : and HALLER mentions his having ſeen a medical ſtudent ſwallow ſeveral. It is probable that theſe berries will not kill, unleſs many are eaten, but perhaps this poiſon, like many others, may act differently on different conſtitutions. Vinegar has been recommended as an antidote to its poiſon; but powerful evacuations, particularly vomiting, are moſt to be depended on. In caſes where a poiſon of this kind is known to have been ſwallowed, the medical practitioner will be juſtified in a bold practice, for his patient is not only in a very dangerous ſituation, but the effect of emeticks has been known to be leſſened by the poiſon, ſo that fourteen grains of Emetick Tartar have been ſcarcely fufficient to excite vomiting. Many fubſtances, which in large quantities, or injudiciouſly admininiftered, have proved poiſonous, in ſmall doſes, ſkilfully exhibited, have been found extremely efficacious in the cure of diſeaſes, and hence this, as well as other plants have been tried, particularly in ſuch diſorders as have no impreſſion made on them by common remedies; but after numerous trials, there appears but little hopes of ſucceſs from the Atropa Belladonna. 66 a Such as wiſh to know the particular diſeaſes againſt which the Deadly and the Garden Nightſhades have been directed, with the various fymptoms they have produced on being taken, may confult GATAKER'S Obſervations on the Internal Uſe of the Nightſhade, with the Supplement; and BROMFIELD'S Account of the Engliſh Nightſhades, and their Effects, 1757. We have ſeen a goat eat, without injury, the leaves and ſtalks ; and the caterpillar of the Phalena Antiqua, Roeſel t. 39, and Brafficæ Roeſel t. 29, feed on its foliage. . оноо аме по ангуудаас CTW BESTE G 29 atalog ou 220 di alami lune TOO. loq hic dised oslo logans tooled aliqsa letilmott gnist is blique Blond bolion virall bus Stolteplici sawong rond SAWONT motoshoz betont moigt close to fororond hetut bos ollos Vooral suit on bohivibes erittrasuctiuper I stਰ ਦੀ booth FOTOS олото LYCOPSIS ARVENSIS. FIELD, or SMALL WILD BUGLOSS. LYCOPSIS Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Corolla tubo incurvato. Raiz Syn. Gen. 13. HERBÆ ASPERIFOLIÆ. LYCOPSIS arvenſis foliis lanceolatis hiſpidis, calycibus floreſcentibus erectis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 160. Sp. Pl. p. 199. Fl. Suec. n. 167. Fl. Lappon 77. LYCOPSIS foliis aſperrimis, undulatis, ferratis, linguiformibus. Hall. hift. 605. ECHIUM Fuchfii feu Borrago fylveftris. I. B. III. 581. BUGLOSSUM ſylveſtre minus. Bauh. pin. 256. Parkins. 765. Dillen. Nov. Gen. Tab. 3. BUGLOSSA fylveſtris minor. Ger. emac. 799. Raii Syn. p. 227. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 82. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 135. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa, albida. ROOT annual, ſimple, fibrous, and whitiſh. CAULIS pedalis, et ultra, erectus, ſubangulofus, STALK a foot or more in height, upright, ſlightly hiſpidus, plerumque ſuperne tantum ramo- angular, hiſpid, for the moſt part branched fus. at top only. FOLIA alterna, feffilia, lanceolata, obtufiuſcula, pa- LEAVES alternate, feffile, lanceolate, bluntiſh, hiſpid, pillofo-hiſpida, fubtus pallidiora, avenia, hairs iſſuing from ſmall papillæ, paleſt on margine undulata, ſubrevoluta. the under fide, veinleſs, waved at the edge, and ſlightly rolled back. FLORES cærulei, ſpicati, fecundi, ſeſſiles, deorſum FLOWERS blue, growing in ſpikes, all one way, , , fpectantes. ſeſſile, and turned backward. BRACTEÆ foliis fubfimiles. FLORAL-LEAVES fom, what like the leaves them- felves. 0 CALYX : PERIANTHIUM, quinquepartitum, hiſpi- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five dum, perfiftens, laciniis oblongis, acutis, ſegments, hiſpid, and permanent; the feg- longitudine fere corollæ. ments oblong, pointed, and almoſt the length of the corolla. و 0 COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis ; tubus COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-ſhaped ; tube cylindraceus, curvato-flexus, fig. 2. limbus cylindrical, crooked, fig. 2. limb flightly ſemiquinquefidus, obtuſus; faux clauſa fqua- divided into five ſegments, obtuſe; mouth mulis quinque, pilofis, albis, fig. 3. cloſed by five, ſmall, white, hairy ſcales, fig 3. 0 STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, minima, ad flex- STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, very minute, at the uram tubi corollæ ; ANTHERA parvæ, curvature of the tube of the corolla ; An- fufcæ, fig. 4. THER Æ ſmall and brown, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMINA quatuor, viridia, glabra ; 0 PISTILLUM: GERMINA four, green and ſmooth ; STYLUS filiformis, longitudine ftaminum; Style filiform, the length of the ſtamina; STIGMA obtuſum, ſubbifidum, fig. 5. STIGMA obtufe and ſlightly bifid, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx finu ſemina fovens, SEED-VESSEL none, the Calyx which contains the maximus, laciniis conniventibus donec fe- feed in its bofom, is very large, clofing mina nigrefcant deinde patentibus. together till the feeds grow black, and then ſpreading. SEMINA quatuor, majuſcula, nigri cantia, reticulato- SEEDS four, largiſh, nearly black, with a reticulated rugoſa, acutiuſcula, fig. 6. or wrinkly ſurface, and a little pointed, 0 O a fig. 6. RECEPTACULUM punétis quatuor fufcis excavatis RECEPTACLE marked with four round dots, hol- lowed out. notatum. The Lycopſis Arvenfis is a very common plant in the corn fields, eſpecially ſuch as are fandy, and on dry banks, in the neighbourhood of London. We have ſometimes ſeen it ſo plentiful as to be highly injurious to the huſbandman: it may be found in bloſſom from May to July. The following account of the medicinal virtues of this plant appeared lately in moſt of our newſpapers : : without vouching for the truth of the report, we have thought it our duty to lay it before our readers, with a fincere wiſh that the herb may prove as efficacious in its application, as is here repreſented. “ The celebrated M. JEAN FONTANA, Member of the learned academy of Turin, has lately publiſhed, for " the general good of ſuffering mankind, a ſpecific remedy againſt the ANTHRAX, or corroſive ulcer, otherwiſe " called Carbuncle, or Plague-Sore. The curative preſcription was communicated to him by the perſon who has adminiſtered it for many years to patients of that deſcription, and with conſtant ſucceſs. It conſiſts “ fimply in the uſe of a field-plant, called by Linnæus, LYCOPSIS ARVENSIS. Bruiſe and pound the plant; lay it on the tumour; fix it there by means of a bandage, and do not touch it before it hath remained twenty- “ four hours. During the firſt fix or ſeven hours, the patient will feel a painful and burning heat in the part " It often happens that on taking off the firſt apparel , the flough gets looſe and diſcovers a wound, which heals " in a few days, by applying to it a plaſter of the unguent called Bafilicon. If the caſe ſhould be otherwiſe, " the firſt method of cure muſt be repeated. This ſecond application of the bruiſed plant, which will not “ occafion above two hours pain to the patient, will be fully fufficient to remove the flough, and then the uſe 66 of the above plaſter effects a ſpeedy and radical cure.” a 66 a 65 3.30 2 Lycopsis arvenus. OR Sowró de faute INIC 1 Lysimachw Nemorum . f T. ----5 -6 as / 9 INI OF CHI LYSIMACHIA NEMORUM. WooD MONEYWORT, or LOOSE STRIFE. LYSIMACHIA Linnæi Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cor. rotata. Capf. globofa, mucronata, 10-valvis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HerBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. LYSIMACHIA nemorum foliis ovatis acutis, floribus folitariis, caule procumbente. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 165. Sp. Pl. p. 211. LYSIMACHIA caule decumbente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, petiolis alaribus unifloris. Haller hiſ. hift p. 278. ANAGALLIS lutea nemorum. Bauhin Pin. 252. ANAGALLIS lutea. Gerard emac. 618. ANAGALLIS flore luteo. Parkinſ. 558. ANAGALLIS lutea nummulariæ fimilis. 7. Bauh. III. 370. Raii Syn. p. 282. Yellow Pimper- nel of the Woods. Hudſon Fl. Ang. p. 86. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 138. . RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris albidis. ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres whitiſh. CAULES plures, decumbentes, teretiufculi, utrinque O STALKS ſeveral, decumbent, roundiſh, with a fur- fulcati, idque alterne, læves, rubentes, ex row on each fide, and that alternately, ima parte radicantes. fmooth, of a red colour, ſtriking root at the baſe. 0 FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, acuta, utrinque LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, ovate, glabra, ſubundulata, e flavo-viridia, venis pointed, gloffy on each fide, fomewhat prominulis ; petiolis brevibus, latiuſculis. waved, of a yellowiſh-green colour, the veins a little prominent; leaf-ſtalks ſhort and broadiſh. PEDUNCULI axillares, bini five ſolitarii, teretes, FLOWER-STALKS axillary, growing fometimes in uniflori, tenues, quam folia longiores. pairs, fometimes ſingly, round, one-flower'd, flender, and longer than the leaves. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, perfiftens, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five laciniis fubulatis, ſubtriangularibus, fig. 1. fegments, and permanent, the ſegments awl- ſhaped, and ſomewhat triangular, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, flava, tubus nullus; limbus COROLLA monopetalous, yellow, tube wanting, the quinquepartitus, laciniis ovatis, fig. 2. 3. Jimb divided into five ovate ſegments, fig. 2. bafi faturatius flavis, nitidiſque, in fauce co- 3. at bottom more intenſely yellow and rollæ glandulæ flavæ inter filamenta locantur, fhining, in the mouth of the corolla mall yel- et margo corollæ glandulis pedicellatis or- low glands are obſervable betwixt the fla- natur, fig. 6. ments, and the edge of the corolla is orna- mented with little glands ſtanding on foot- ftalks, fig. 6. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, lævia ere&ta, STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, ſmooth, upright, medio paulo craffiora ; ANTHER Æ oblongæ, fomewhat thickeſt in the middle; ANTHERA incurvatæ, fig. 4. 5. oblong, bent a little downwards, fig. 4. 5. PISTILLUM: GERmen fubrotundum, læve ; STY-PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh, ſmooth ; Style LUS filiformis, apice paulo craffior ; STIGMA filiform, ſomewhat thickeſt at top; STIGMA fimplex, fig. 7. fimple, fig. 7 PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA globoſa, unilocularis, SEED-VESSEL: a globular CAPSULE of one cavity, 0 a fig. 8. fig. 8. SEMINA plurima, orbiculata, plana, fig. 9. SEEDS numerous, round, and flat, fig. 9. When the bloſſoms of this plant are expanded, they ſomewhat reſemble thoſe of the common Pimpernel in ſhape, and hence the older Botaniſts, who paid little regard to ſuch minute but neceſſary diſtinctions, as the hairineſs of the Filaments, &c. conſidered it as an Anagallis; LINNÆUS has joined it with the Moneywort, to which, in its general habit, it bears no ſmall affinity, but from which it effentially differs in many particulars ; the leaves, for inſtance, are more pointed, the flowers are ſmaller, leſs bell-ſhaped, and ſtand on much longer foot-falks, and the ſtalks are generally redder. This ſpecies grows in moiſt woods, and is not uncommon in the neighbourhood of London'; in Charlton- Wood it particularly abounds, flowering from June to September. SOM doo MUOMILANO ATSI2001 odol.110 0 0 18. tot dirala lot loco.99 150 IATE dato Sale A solo inid mo como la obnost 200 and ATA solo op STA sted, old TITOIS 2 ovould State es locals 123 be bruor corset 2013 ish og oli lo alodo sidor formol rol basat en * sad starega sta od bonoru of an introd ella 18 adios baci lo lorodica uomotion to 25 3 Gm Lusemachia vulgaris IV. OF I LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS. YELLOW LOOSE-STRIFE. LYSIMACHIA Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. rotata. Cap. globoſa, mucronata, decemvalvis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBE FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. LYSIMACHIA vulgaris paniculata, racemis terminalibus. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 165. Sp. Pl. p. 209. Fl. Suecic. n. 175 LYSIMACHIA foliis ovato-lanceolatis, fpicis paniculatis. Hall. Hift. 630. LYSIMACHIA vulgaris. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 214. LYSIMACHIA lutea. I. B. II. 901. Ger. emac. 474. LYSIMACHIA lutea major quæ Diofcoridis. Bauh. Pin. 245. LYSIMACHIA lutea major vulgaris. Park. 544. Yellow Willow-herb or Looſe ftrife. 282. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 86. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 138. Raii Syn. I a RADIX perennis, repens. ROOT perennial and creeping, CAULIS tripedalis et ultra, erectus, ubi folia bina ob- STALK three feet or more in height, when the leaves tufe tetragonus, ubi terna ſulcatus, ſeu angu- grow in pairs, obtuſely four-cornered; when lofus, angulis obtufis ; fuperne hirſutulus, three together, grooved or angular, angles ob- inferne glaber, ramofus, ad genicula paululum tuſe, the upper part of the ſtalk ſlightly hairy, incraſſatus. the lower ſmooth, branched, and a little thickened at the joints. FOLIA bina, ſeu terna, quaterna et quina etiam obfer- LEAVES growing in pairs, or three together, I have vavi, feffilia, ovato-lanceolata, integra, margine even noticed them growing four or five toge- inæquali, venofa, nuda. ther, feffile, ovate and pointed, entire but not perfectly even on the edges, veiny and deſti- tute of hairs. FLORES paniculati, lutei, racemis terminalibus ex alis FLOWERS yellow, forming a panicle, flower-branches foliorum. terminal, growing from the alæ of the leaves. PEDUNCULI uniflori, ſubviſcidi, apice incraffati. FLOWER-STALKS ſingle-flowered, ſomewhat vifcid, and thickened at the extremity. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinquepar- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, deeply divided titum, acutum, erectum, perfiftens, laciniis into five ſegments, pointed, upright, and per- ſtriatis, rubro marginatis, apicibus ante et poſt manent, the ſegments ſtriated, and edged with floreſcentiam tortuoſis. fig. 1. red, the tips both before and after flowering twiſted. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata. Limbus quinquepar- COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-ſhaped. Limb deeply titus, laciniis ovatis, acutis. fig. 2. divided into five ſegments, which are ovate and pointed. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, inæqualia, corolla STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, unequal, ſhorter than breviora, ſubulata, compreffa, viſcoſa, baſi con- the corolla, tapering, flattened, viſcid, grow- nata. ANTHER2 incumbentes, fubfagittatæ. ing together at bottom. ANTHERE incum- bent, ſomewhat arrow-ſhaped. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubrotundum. STYLUS fili- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundith. Style filiform, the formis, longitudine ftaminum, peractâ floreſ- length of the ſtamina, lengthened out as the centiâ elongatus. STIGMA obtufum. fig. 4. flowers go off. STIGMA blunt. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA globoſa, unilocularis, de- SEED-VESSEL a globular capſule of one cavity, and cemvalvis. ten valves. SEMINA plurima, minima. SEEDS numerous, very minute. RECEPTACULUM globofum, maximum. RECEPTACLE globular, and very large. Some of the ancient writers attributed a very fingular property to this plant; no leſs than a power of taming ferocious, and reconciling diſcordant animals; and hence they derive its name of Lyſimachia * Others attribute the origin of its name to the learned and brave LYSIMACHUS, who, they fay, was its firſt diſcoverer: however this be, our Engliſh name of Looſe-ſtrife appears evidently to be founded on the power thus idly aſcribed to it. This herb, though not ſo common as its name ſeems to imply, is tolerably frequent about London, in moiſt meadows, and by water-fides, eſpecially in the environs of the Thames. It varies much in the number of the leaves at the joints, and conſequently in the angular appearance of its ſtalk. The twiſted tips of the Calyx, though very remarkable, do not appear to have been noticed by authors. Such as wiſh to ornament the edge of a river, or piece of water, cannot ſelect a more proper plant; but its beautiful effect will be heightened by planting with it the Lythrum Salicaria ; both of theſe have ſtrong perennial roots, and will alſo readily grow in gardens where the ſoil is moiſt. It flowers in July and Auguft. Some aſcribe to it the power of dying green. * A pugna dirimenda for atau tùy mágny eft certamen dirimire, of taking away ftrife or debate tetween beaſts, not only thoſe that are yoked together, but even thoſe that are wild alſo, by making them tame and quiet, which, as they ſay, this herb will do, if it be either put about their yokes or their necks, which how true I leave to them who ſhall try and find it ſo. Purkins, p. 544. fig. 3. Gliwione UT ANOTO PESTE 20 bohospod 10 Go - CHENOPODIUM OLIDUM. STINKING BLITE, or ORACH. CHENOPODIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus, 5-gonus. Cor. o. Semen 1. lenticulare ſuperum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. SEU STAMINEO VEL HERBÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO APETALO POTIUS. CHENOPODIUM Vulvaria foliis integerrimis, rhomboideo-ovatis, floribus conglomeratis axil- laribus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 216. Sp. Pl. 321. Fl. Suec. 222. CHENOPODIUM caule diffuſo, foliis obtufe lanceolatis. Haller hift. n. 1577. CHENOPODIUM Vulvaria. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 281. ATRIPLEX fætida. Bauh. Pin. 119. ATRIPLEX olida. Ger. emac. 327. ATRIPLEX fylveftris fætida. Park. 749. BLITUM fætidum Vulvaria di&tum. Raiz Syn. p. 156. Stinking Orache. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 107. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 149. Tota planta farina alba pellucida adſperſa. The whole plant ſprinkled with a white pellucid meal. a RADIX annua, fibrofa. ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULES plures, diffuſi, teretes, fubftriati, nudiuf- STALKS numerous, ſpreading, round, fomewhat culi. ftriated, and thinly beſet with leaves. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, rhomboideo-ovata, inte- LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on footſtalks, rhomboid- gerrima. ovate, perfectly entire. FLORES axillares et terminales, denſe glomerati, FLOWERS axillary and terminal, thickly cluſtered, ſubſpicati. and ſomewhat ſpiked. FRUCTIFICATIO a reliquis hujus generis vix di- FRUCTIFICATION ſcarcely different from the reſt verſa. of this genus. Fig. 1. exhibet Calycem, Stamina, cum Piſtillo. Fig. 1. exhibits the Calyx, with the Stamina and Pif- tillum. Fig. 2. Semen Calyce incluſum. Fig. 2. The Seed encloſed by the Calyx. Fig. 3. The Seed ſeparate. All magnified. Fig. 3. Semen feorfim. Omnia auct. There is ſome difficulty in aſcertaining ſeveral of the plants of this genus, but that difficulty cannot be alleged againſt the preſent ſpecies, as it is at all times, both freſh and dried, diſcoverable by its ſmell alone; the whole plant, if ever ſo ſlightly bruiſed betwixt the thumb and fingers, communicating a very permanently diſagreeable odour, reſembling, in the opinion of moſt perſons, ftale falt fiſh: it is, moreover, a procumbent plant. This ſpecies is very common in the neighbourhood of London, on dry banks, and at the foot of walls and paling, where it flowers from July to September. Lewis errs egregiouſly when he ſays it naturally delights in moiſt places. It is a plant of little conſequence, except in a medicinal point of view, and in that its virtues are, perhaps, ill-founded; it retains, however, a place in the London and Edinburgh Diſpenſatories. Stinking Orache, on account of its ftrong fcent, is reckoned an uſeful antihyfteric; in which intention, “ fome recommend a conſerve of the leaves, others a watery infuſion, and others a ſpirituous tincture of " them. On ſome occaſions it may, perhaps, be preferable to the fetids, which have been more commonly “ made uſe of, as not being accompanied with any pungency or irritation, and ſeeming to act merely by * virtue of its odorous principle.” Lewis's Mat. Med. p. 124, a 9 Chenopodium olidum. M CH SNIL атаад и славата на 2 аурулар о ons blow 30 alorer SET ана SCANDIX PECTEN. SHEPHERDS NEEDLE, or VENUS'S COM B. Сом в SCANDIX Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Corolla radiata. Fruétus ſubulatus. Petala emarginata. Flofculi diſci fæpe maſculi. Raii Syn. Gen. 11. UMBELLITERÆ HERBÆ. SCANDIX Peeten feminibus lævibus roſtro longiſſimo. Lin. Syft. Veget. ed. 14. p. 287. Sp. Pl.p. 368. MYRRHIS feminis cornu longiſſimo. Haller hift. n. 754. SCANDIX Petten. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 349. SCANDIX femine roſtrato vulgaris. Bauh. Pin. 152. PECTEN VENERIS I. B. III. 2. 71. PECTEN VENERIS feu ſcandix. Ger. emac. p. 1040. SCANDIX vulgaris, feu Pecten Veneris. Park. 916. Raii Syn. p. 207. Shepherds Needle, or , Venus's Comb. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 123. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 166. Jacquin Fl. Auftr. t. 263. 0 0 0 RADIX annua, fimplex, albida, paucis fibrillis in- ROOT annual, fimple, whitiſh, furniſhed with few ſtructa. fibres. CAULIS nunc folitarius, nunc plures ex eadem ra- STALK fometimes ſingle, ſometimes ſeveral from dice, ramofi, diffuſi, villofi , ſemipedales, aut the fame root, branched, ſpreading, villous, pedales, inferne purpurei, aut lineis pur- é half a foot or a foot in height, below purple, pureis ftriati, teretes, ad geniculos vix incraf- or ſtriped with purple lines, round, and fati. ſcarcely thickened at the joints. FOLIA dauci inſtar tenuiter diviſa, ad bafin vagi- LEAVES finely divided like thoſe of wild carrot, nantia, laciniis linearibus, bifidis triſidifve, forming a ſheath at bottom, fegments linear, acutis, ad lentem rariter ciliatis, fig. 1. bifid or trifid, pointed, and, if viewed with a microſcope, thinly edged with hairs, fig. 1. INVOLUCRUM univerſale nullum. INVOLUCRUM: general Involucrum wanting. UMBELLA: univerſalis plerumque biradiata, UMBEL: general Umbel uſually compoſed of two radii. INVOLUCRUM partiale magnum, pentaphyllum, INVOLUCRUM: partial Involucrum large, five foliolis nervofis, ciliatis, bifidis. leaved; leaflets ribb’d, edged with hairs, and bifid. FLORES Umbellulæ quinque ad feptem, plerumque & FLOWERS of the ſmall Umbel from five to feven, fertiles, albæ. for the moſt part fertile and white. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, obverſe ovata, apice COROLLA: five Petals, inverſely ovate, bent in inflexa, patentia, exteriore majore, fig. 2. at the tip, ſpreading, the outermoft petal largeſt, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, alba; ANTHERA STAMINA five white FILAMENTS; Anther Æ firſt primo vireſcentes, demum nigricantes, fig. 3. greeniſh, finally blackiſh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN breviffime pedicellatum, PISTILLUM: Germen ſtanding on a very ſhort oblongum, hirſutulum ; Styli duo, fubu- footſtalk, oblong and ſlightly hirſute; STYLES lati, erecti, perſiſtentes; STIGMATA fimpli- two, tapering, upright and permanent; cia, fig. 4, 5 STIGMATA ſimple, fig. 4, 5. SEMINA duo, fufca, hinc convexa, ftriata, inde & SEEDS two, brown, convex and ftriated on one plana hirſutula, in roftrum longiſſimum ex- fide, and flat on the other, ſlightly hirſute, currentia, fig. 7 running out into a very long beak, fig. 7. NECTARIUM: ad bafin ftylorum, purpurei coloris, NECTARY at the baſe of the ſtyles, of a purple fig. 6. colour, fig. 6. © Common in corn fields, not only in Great-Britain, but in all the ſouthern parts of Europe, ſometimes fo plentiful, as to prove injurious to the farmer. Is particularly diſtinguiſhed from all our other umbelliferous plants by the uncommon length of the beak of the feeds, as well as by the fingularity of the leaves of the Involucellum, which are uncommonly large and bifid. Flowers in June, and ripens its feed in July. Its feed-leaves, on their firſt appearance above ground, are uncommonly long. 249 시 ​candir Pecten Serca de UND ICH AT иото? MUMTETTU KUI ALIYOTE SU to stond Senter ARDO voru barbati ga Victober be Libri LINUM USITATISSIMUM. COMMON FLAX. LINUM Lin, Gen. Pl. PÉNT ANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Capf. 5-valvis, 10-locularis. Sem. folitaria. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ PentAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. LINUM uſitatiffimum calycibus capſuliſque mucronatis, petalis crenatis, foliis lanceolatis alternis, caule ſubſolitario. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 249. Sp. Pl. P. 397. LINUM arvenſe. Bauh. Pin. 214. LINUM fylveſtre vulgatius. Park. 1334. Ger. emac. 556. Raii Syn. p. 362. Manured Flax. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 133. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 173. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa, pallide fufca. ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, of a pale brown colour. CAULIS erectus, ſeſquipedalis, bipedalis et ultra, teres, STALK upright, a foot and a half, two feet high or glaber, foliolus, ſuperne tantum ramofus. more, round, ſmooth, leafy, branched above only. FOLIA lanceolata, feffilia, conferta, ſparſa, ſuberecta, & LEAVES lanceolate, feffile, growing thickly together, integerrima, lævia, trinervia. without any regular order, almoſt upright, perfectly entire FLORES majuſculi, pulchre cærulei, paniculati. FLOWERS large, of a beautiful blue colour, growing in a panicle. PEDUNCULI teretes, glabri. FLOWER-STALKS round and ſmooth. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM 5-phyllum, foliolis ovatis, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves, which are acuminatis, carinatis, perſiſtentibus, margine ovate, pointed, keeled, permanent, the edge membranaceis, ad lentem ciliatis, fig. 1. membranous, and if magnified fringed with hairs, fig. 1. COROLLA : PETALA 5, cærulefcentia, cuneifolia, de COROLLA: 5 blueiſh, wedge-ſhaped, deciduous Pe- cidua, venis ſaturatioribus picta, unguibus al- TALS, ſtreaked with veins of a deeper co- bis, apicibus fuberoſis, fig. 2. lour, claws white, tips fomewhat gnawed, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, alba, ſubulata, baſi | STAMINA: five white tapering FILAMENTS, dilated at dilatata. ANTHERÆ primo oblongæ, demum the baſe. ANTHERÆ at firſt oblong, finally ſagittatæ, fig. 3. incumbentes, cæruleæ, ad ftylos arrow-ſhaped, fig. 3. incumbent, of a blue inclinatæ et ſubcoadunatæ, fig. 3. 4. colour, inclined to the ſtyles, and ſomewhat united, fig. 3, 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum, nitidum. STYLI PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, ſhining. Styles five, quinque, longitudine filamentorum, fub-cla- the length of the filaments, ſomewhat club- vati, cæruleſcentes, apice leviter cohærentes. ſhaped, blueiſh, ſlightly cohering. STIGMATA STIGMAT A fimplicia, fig. 5. fimple, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA globofa, ſubangulata, mu SEED-VESSEL: a globular, fomewhat angular and cronata, decemlocularis, quinquevalvis, fig. 6. pointed CAPSULE, having ten cavities, and five valves, fig. 6. SEMINA in fingulo loculamento folitaria, ovato-acuta, SEEDS one in each cavity, ovate, pointed, flat and compreffa, nitida, fig. 7. glofly, fig. 7. It may be doubted, perhaps, whether the common flax, found in any part of the kingdom, may not originally have been introduced from abroad; yet Mr. HUDSON ſpeaks of it as a common plant in Dorſetſhire and Devonſhire, and entertains no idea of its being a doubtful native. However this may be, the few ſpecimens of it which we find occaſionally in corn fields and among rubbiſh, particularly in the neighbourhood of Batterſea (for flax is not culti- vated near London), have doubtleſs been introduced there with the produce of the garden or the corn field. It flowers in June and July. In the earlieſt record we have, flax is mentioned as a plant cultivated in Egypt (Exodus ch. ix. v. 31.); for which reaſon antiquaries have been ſurpriſed to find the veſtments of mummies made of cotton. It is highly probable, however, that mankind made thread of cotton before the uſe of flax was diſcovered; for cotton is produced in a ſtate ready for ſpinning, whereas flax requires a long proceſs before it can be brought to that ſtate. In the fimplicity of former times, when families in this iſland provided within themſelves moſt of the neceſſaries and conveniencies of life, every garden ſupplied a proper quantity of hemp and flax; but the macerating or ſteeping, which was neceffary to ſeparate the thread by rotting the ſtalk, was in many places found to render the water ſo offenfive and detrimental, that in the reign of Henry VIII. a law was made that “ No perſon ſhall water any hemp or flax in any river, running water, ſtream, brook, or other common pond, where beaſts are uſed to be watered, “ on pain of forfeiting, for every time ſo doing, twenty ſhillings. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 17. $1. Might not this incon- venience be prevented, and the proceſs much accelerated, by uſing boiling water, and a proper quantity of the aſhes of any vegetable? Vid. below. The wiſdom of Parliament hath lately thought proper to encourage, by a premium, the growth of hemp and flax in this kingdom, certainly with a very laudable intention, as long as we procure theſe articles from countries where the balance of trade is againſt us; or, in other words, while we continue to pay for them in money, and not with our manufactures. The premium is four pence for every fourteen pounds of flax. The ancients were of opinion, that flax impoveriſhed land. “Urit enim lini campum feges.” Virg. G. I. v. 77. But, while ſpeculative and practical cultivators unfortunately continue to be ſuch very diſtinct people, the rules which we find in books cannot be much depended on. However, it may be a caution to thoſe who have not a , plentiful command of manure not to engage too largely with this plant without proper trials. As flax will be new ; to 326 7 0 6 Linum usitatiſsimus N ONIC to moſt of the land in the kingdom, there is little doubt but that the produce will at firſt be large, and it is very defireable to introduce a new kind of grain into husbandry to extend the ſucceſſion of crops. “ For the viciſſitudes of various grain “ Tend to preſerve the vigour of the plain." Flax not only fupplies us with cloathing, but its feeds, well known by the name of lin-feed, afford an oil of great uſe in painting, varniſhing, &c. They are alſo uſed medicinally. Infuſions of lin-feed, like other mucilaginous liquors, are uſed as emollients, incraffants, and obtunders of acrimony, in heat of urine, ftranguries, thin defluxions on the lungs, and other like diſorders. A ſpoonful of the feeds, unbruiſed, is ſufficient for a quart of water, larger proportions rendering the liquor diſagreeably flimy. The mucilage obtained by infpiflating the infuſions or decoctions is an excellent addition for reducing diſguſtful powders into the form of an electuary, occafioning the compound to paſs the fauces freely, without ſticking or diſcovering its taſte in the mouth. The expreffed oil is ſuppoſed to be more of a healing and balſamic nature than the other oils of this claſs, and has been particularly recommended in coughs, ſpitting of blood, cholics, and conſtipations of the belly. The feeds in Aubſtance, or the matter remaining after the expreſſion of the oil, are employed externally in emollient and maturating cataplaſms. In fome places theſe feeds in times of ſcarcity have fupplied the place of grain; but appeared to be an unwholeſome as well as an unpalatable food. Tragus relates, that thoſe who fed on them in Zealand had the hypochondres in a ſhort time diftended, and the face and other parts ſwelled; and that not a few died of theſe complaints. a The following reflections communicated to me by a friend will, I flatter myſelf, not be unacceptable to my readers. Should practice juſtify the theory, I will venture to ſay, they will be golden reflections to the nation. Some reflections relative to the watering of flax by a new method, ſo as to ſporten labour, add to the ſtrength of the flax, and give it a much finer colour, which would render the operation of bleaching ſafer and leſs tedious. THOUGH the following reflections have for their object an improvement in the very effential article of watering of flax, yet I muſt advertiſe my reader, that they are only theory, and muſt depend entirely for their truth and juſtification upon future experiments, ſkilfully and judiciouſly made. Should repeated trials prove the advantage of the method propoſed, we may venture to affirm, it would be an improvement that would increaſe the national income in the agricultural branch many thouſand pounds annually, would add greatly to the perfection of the linen manufacture, and over and above would ſuppreſs a very diſagreeable nuiſance, which the prefent method of watering flax occafions during ſome part of the ſummer in every flax-growing country. The intention of watering flax is, in my opinion, to make the boon more brittle or friable, and by foaking to diffolve that gluey kind of fap that makes the bark of plants and trees adhere, in a ſmall degree, to the woody part. The bark is called the harle, and produces the flax; the uſeleſs woody part, which remains when the bark is feparated, the boon. To effect this ſeparation eaſily, the practice has long prevailed of foaking the flax in water to a certain degree of fermentation, and afterwards drying it. For this ſoaking ſome prefer rivulets that have a ſmall current, and others ſtagnant water in ponds and lakes. In both theſe ways the water acts as in all other caſes of infuſion and maceration. After two or three weeks it extracts a great many juices of a very ſtrong quality, which in ponds give the water an inky tinge, and offenſive ſmell, and in rivulets mix in the ſtream, and kill the fiſh. Nay, if this maceration is too long continued, the extracted and fermented ſap will completely kill the flax itſelf: for if, inſtead of two or three weeks, the new flax were to lay ſoaking in the water four or five months, I prefume , it would be good for nothing but to be thrown upon the dunghill . Both harle and boon would in that time be completely rotted; yet the harle or flax, when entirely freed from this fap, and manufactured into linen, or into ropes, might be many months under water without being much damaged. As linen, it may be waſhed, ſteeped, and boiled in ſcalding water twenty times, without loſing much of its itrength: and as paper, it acquires a kind of incorruptibility It appears then effential, to the right management of new flax, to get rid of this pernicious vegetative ſap, and to macerate the boon; but from the complaints made againſt both the methods of watering now in uſe, there is reaſon to think, that there is ſtill great room for improvement in that article. In rivulets, the vegetative fap, as it is diffolved, is carried off by the current, to the deſtruction of the fiſh. This prevents the flax from being ſtained ; but the operation is tedious, and, I have been told, often not complete, from the uncertainty of knowing the precife times when it is juſt enough, and not too much, or perhaps from neglect. In ponds, the inkv tinge of the water often ſerves as a kind dye to the flax, which imbibes it ſo ſtrongly, that double the labour in bleaching will hardly bring the linen made of ſuch flax to an equality in whiteneſs with linen made of flax untinged. This ſeems to be equally unwiſe, as though we were to dye cotton black firſt, as a means to whiten it afterwards. Theſe ponds beſides become a great nuiſance to the neighbourhood : the impregnated water is often of ſuch a pernicious quality, that cattle, however thirſty, will not drink of it, and the effluvia of it may perhaps be nearly as infectious as it is offenſive. If this effluvia is really attended with any contagious effects in our cold climates, a thing worth enquiring into, how much more pernicious muſt its effects have been in the hot climate of Egypt, a country early noted for its great cultivation of flax ! From theſe confiderations I have been led to think, that the proceſs of watering might be greatly improved and ſhortened by plunging the new flax, after it is rippled, into ſcalding water, which, in regard to extracting the vegetative fap, would do in five minutes more than cold water would do in a fortnight, or perhaps more than cold water could do at all, in reſpect to the clearing the plant of that ſap. Rough almonds, when thrown into ſcalding water, are blanched in an inſtant; but perhaps a fortnight macerating thoſe almonds in cold water would not make them part ſo eaſily with their ſkins, which are the ſame to them as the harie to the flax. Were tea leaves to be infuſed in cold water a fortnight, perhaps the tea produced by that infufion would not be ſo good to the taſte, nor ſo ſtrongly tinged to the eye, as what is effected by ſcalding water in five minutes. By the fame analogy, I think, flax, or any ſmall twig, would be made to part with its bark much eaſier and quicker, by being dipped in boiling water, than by being ſteeped in cold water. This reflection opens a door for a great variety of new experiments in regard to flax. I would therefore recommend to gentlemen cultivators and farmers to make repeated trials upon this new ſyſtem, which would ſoon aſcertain whether it ought to be adopted in practice or rejected. One thing, I think, a means. think, we may be certain of, that, if the Egyptians watered their flax in our common manner, they undoubtedly watered it in very warm water, from the great heat of their climate, which probably might make them neglect to think of water heated by any other means than that of the ſun. A good general practice can only be eſtabliſhed upon repeated trials; but, I am perſuaded, many loſe half the value of their crop by fome of the preſent methods of watering it. Though one experiment may fail, another with a little variation may ſucceed, and the importance of the object deſired to be obtained will juſtify a good degree of perſeverance in the proſecution of the In this view, as the Chineſe thread is ſaid to be very ſtrong, it would be worth while to be acquainted with the practice of that diſtant nation in regard to the rearing and manufacturing of flax, as well as with the methods uſed by the Flemings and the Dutch. anib Boiling water perhaps might at once clear the new flax from many impurities, which, when not removed till ſpun into yarn, are then removed with difficulty, and loſs of ſubſtance to the yarn. Why ſhould not the longitu dinal fibres of the flax, before they be ſpun into yarn, be made not only as fine but as clean as poffible? Upon the new ſyſtem propoſed, the act of bleaching would begin immediately after the rippling of the flax; and a little done then might fave much of what is generally done after the ſpinning and weaving. To ſpin dirty flax, with a view of cleaning it afterwards, appears to be the ſame iinpropriety as though we were to reſerve part of the dreſſing given to leather till after it is made into a glove. Should the plunging the flax into the boiling water not fuffice to make the boon brittle enough, as I am inclined to think it would not, then the common watering might be added; but, in this caſe, probably half the time uſually given to the watering would fuffice, and the flax might then be laid in clear rivulets, without any apprehenfions of its infecting the water and poiſoning the fiſh, or of being diſcoloured itſelf; for the boiling water into which it had been previouſly put would have extracted all the poiſonous vegetative fap, which, I preſume, is what chiefly diſcolours the flax, or kills the fiſh. On the fuppoſition that boiling water, in the preparation of flax, may be found to be advantageous and profitable, I can recollect at preſent but one objection againſt it being generally adopted. Every flax-grower, it may be faid, could not be expected to have conveniencies for boiling water fufficient for the purpoſe, the conſumption of water would be great, and ſome additional expence would be incurred. In anſwer to this I ſhall only obſerve, that I preſume any additional expence would be more than reimburſed by the better marketable price of the flax; for otherwiſe any new improvement, if it will not quit coſt, muſt be dropped, were it even the ſearching after gold. In a large cauldron a great deal of flax might be dipped in the fame water, and the conſumption perhaps would not be more than a quart to each ſheaf: even a large houſhold pot would be capable of containing one fheaf after another ; and I believe the whole objection would be obviated, were the practice to prevail with us, as in Flanders and Holland, that the flax-grower and the flax-dreffer ſhould be two diſtinct profeſſions. I ſhall conclude with recommending to thoſe who are inclined to make experiments, not to be diſcouraged by the failure of one or two trials. Perhaps the flax, inſtead of being juſt plunged into the ſcalding water, ought to be kept in it five minutes; perhaps a quarter of an hour; perhaps a whole hour. Should five minutes, or a quarter of an hour, or an hour, not be ſufficient to make the boon and harle eaſily ſeparate, it might perhaps be found expedient to boil the flax for more than an hour; and ſuch boiling, when in this ſtate, might in return fave feveral hours boiling in the article of bleaching. It is not, I think, at all probable, that the boiling of the flax with the . boon in it would prejudice the harle; for, in the courſe of its future exiſtence, it is made to be expoſed twenty or forty times to this boiling trial, and, if not detrimental in the one caſe, it is to be preſumed it would not be detrimental in the other. Perhaps after the boiling it would be proper to pile up the flax in one heap for a whole day, or for half a day, to occaſion ſome fermentation, or perhaps, immediately after the boiling, it might be proper to waſh it in cold water. The great object, when the flax is pulled, is to get the harle from the boon with as little loſs and damage as poſlible; and if this is accompliſhed in a more complete manner than uſual, conſiderable labour and expence will be ſaved in the future manufacturing of the flax. On this account, I think, much more would be gained than loft, were the two or three laſt inches of the roots of the flax to be chopped off, or clipped off, previous to its being either watered or boiled. The following precaution is neceſſary to be obſerved, that the flax ſhould never be ſpread out to dry at a ſeaſon when it may be in danger of being expoſed to the froſt. LEUCOJUM ÆSTIVUM. SUMMER SNOWFLAKE. LEUCOJUM Lin. Gen. Pl. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. campaniformis, 6-partita, apicibus incraffata. Stigma fimplex, Raiz Syn. Gen. 26. HERBÆ RADICE BULBOSA PRÆDITÆ. LEUCOJUM ceſtivum ſpatha multiflora, ftylo clavato. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 316. Sp. Pl. p. 414. Jacquin Fl. Aufir. t. 203. v.4. LEUCOJUM æftivum. Scopoli Fl. Carn, n. 393. . LEUCOJUM bulbofum majus f multiflorum. Bauh. Pin. 55. LEUCOJUM bulbofum ſerotinum majus 1. Cluf. hiſt. 1. p. 170. LEUCOION bulbofum polyanthemum. Dodon. Stirp hift. p. 230. The great late flowering Bulbous Violet. Park. Parad. p. 110. RADIX : Bulbus magnitudine nucis caftaneæ, ſub- ROOT: a Bulb the ſize of a cheſnut, ſomewhat ovate, ovatus, extus pallide fuſcus, intus albus, externally of a pale brown colour, internally tunicatus, lamellis plurimis, tenuibus, denſe white, coated, the coats numerous, thin, compactis. and cloſely compacted. FOLIA plurima, feſquipedalia, erecta, ſublinearia, o LEAVES numerous, about a foot and a half in ſaturate viridia, unciam fere lata, obtuſa, length, upright, nearly linear, of a deep fuperne plana, inferne leviter carinata, ca- green colour, almoſt an inch in breadth, rina obtufa, exteriora breviora. obtuſe, above flat, beneath ſlightly keeled, the keel obtuſe, the lowermoſt leaves ſhorteſt. SCAPUS foliis paulo altior, multiflorus, fiftulofus, STALK a little higher than the leaves, fupporting ſubcompreffus, anceps, ſubtortuofus, uno many flowers, hollow, ſlightly flattened, latere nonnunquam obtuſo, altero acuto. two-edged, a little twiſted, one fide fome- times obtuſe, the other acute. PEDUNCULI plerumque quinque ex eadem ſpatha, FLOWER-STALKS for the moſt part five proceed- uniflori, angulati, longitudine inæquales. ing from the fame fheath, each ſupporting a ſingle flower, angular, and of unequal lengths. FLORES albi, penduli, fecundi, vix odori. FLOWERS white, pendulous, growing all one way, with little ſcent. COROLLA campaniformi-patens, Petala ſex, ovata, o COROLLA ſomewhat bell-ſhaped, ſpreading, Petals alba, intus ftriata, baſi minime cohærentia, fix, ovate, white, finely grooved within apicibus craſſiuſculis, ftri&tioribus, macula fide, not at all uniting at bottom, tips viridi infignitis. thickiſh, a little puckered, and marked with a green ſpot. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, alba, filiformia : An- STAMINA fix white, thread-ſhaped FILAMENTS: THER Æ oblongæ, fubquadrangulares, erectæ, ANTHERÆ oblong, ſomewhat quadrangular, luteæ, apice poris duobus dehiſcentes, fig.1,2. upright, yellow, each cell open at top, fig. 1, 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, inferum: STY- PISTILLUM Germen ſomewhat ovate, beneath ; LUS albus, ftaminibus paulo longior, in- STYLE white, a little longer than the ſta- ferne attenuatus, fuperne vireſcens; STIGMA mina, tapering downwards, above greeniſh; breve, ſetaceum, erectum, acutum, fig. 3. Stigma like a ſmall, ſhort, upright, pointed PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA ſubpyriformis, mem- SEED-VESSEL: a Čapsule fomewhat pear-ſhaped, branacea, trilocularis, trivalvis, fig. 4. membranous, having three cavities and three valves, fig. 4. SEMINA plura, majuſcula, fubrotunda, atra, ni- SEEDS feveral, ſomewhat large, nearly round, black, tentia, fig. 5. and glofly, fig. 5. 0 0 ♡ Flowers about the middle of May. Is found undoubtedly wild, betwixt Greenwich and Woolwich, about half a mile below the former, cloſe by the Thames fide, juſt above high water mark, growing (where no garden, in all probability, could ever have exifted) with Arundo Phragmites, Caltha paluſtris, Oenanthe crocata, and Angelica ſylveſtris : Prof. Jacquin, who figures it in the Flora Auſtriaca, and Scopoli, in his Flora Carniolica, deſcribe it as growing in ſimilar ſituations; their words are, creſcit in pratis udis et ſub paluſtribus. It has alſo been found in the iſe of Dogs, which is the oppoſite ſhore. How fo ornamental a plant, growing in fo public a place, could have eſcaped the prying eyes of the many Botaniſts who have reſided in London for ſuch a length of time, ſeems ſtrange : for my own part, I am perfectly ſatisfied of its being a native of our iſland, and have no doubt but it will be found in many other The figure we have given, was drawn on the ſpot above deſcribed, where it grows more luxuriantly than we uſually fee it in gardens; the reaſon of which is, that in gardens it ſeldom has a foil or ſituation fuffi- ciently moiſt. The older Botaniſts, and even TOURNEFORT, united it with the Snowdrop ; and in our gardens it is generally known by the name of the great Summer Snowdrop; but as it differs very eſſentially in its fructi- fication from the Galanthus, we have thought it neceſſary to give it the new Engliſh name Snowflake, to correſpond in ſome degree with the Linnæan generic name Leucojum. parts of it. Seucojum estrvum OR 30:2 3 5 4 Convallaria majalis . Sieros del et par براد of MI CONVALLARIA MAJALIS. LILY OF THE VALLEY. CONVALLARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNÍA; Cor. ſexfida. Bacca maculofa 3-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 16. HerBÆ BACCIFERÆ. CONVALLARÍA majalis ſcapo nudo. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 275. Spec. Plant, p. 451. Flor. Suec. n. 292. POLYGONATUM fcapo diphyllo, floribus fpicatis, nutantibus, campaniformibus. Haller. Hift. n. 1241. CONVALLARIA majalis. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 418. LILIUM convallium album. Bauh. Pin. p. 304. LILIUM convallium. Ger. Emac. p. 410. flore albo, Parkins. Parad. p. 349. Raii Syn. p. 264. Lily- convally or May Lily. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 146. Lightfoot, Fl. Scot. p. 182. RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris plurimis, teretibus, ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres numerous, round, & tranſverſim rugofis, horizontaliter paulo infra tranſverſely wrinkled, extending horizontally terram in longum extenfis, repentibus. juſt below the ſurface of the earth, and creep- ing to a conſiderable diſtance. SQUAMÆ quatuor, vel quinque, ſubnervofæ, purpu-SCALES four or five ſlightly ribbed, purpliſh, alter- raſcentes, alternæ, baſin foliorum et ſcapi ob- nate ſcales ſurround and bind together the baſe veſtiunt et colligant. of the leaves and ſtalk. FOLIA bina, petiolata, ovata, utrinque acuta, erecta, LEAVES growing two together, ſtanding on foot- lævia, nervoſa, altero plerumque majori, læte ſtalks, pointed at each end, upright, ſmooth viridia, petiolis teretibus, exteriore punctis ribbed, one generally larger than the other, of rubris adſperſo, tubuloſo ad recipiendum in- a bright green colour, foot-ſtalks round, the teriorem folidum. outermoſt dotted with red, and tubular to re- ceive the inner one which is folid. SCAPUS lateralis, longitudine foliorum, erectus, nudus STALK lateral, the length of the leaves, upright, na- lævis, femicylindraceus. ked, ſmooth, femicylindrical. BRACTÆA lanceolata, membranacea, fub fingulo pe- FLORAL-LEAF lanceolate, membranous, under each dunculo, pedunculo brevior. flower-ſtalk, ſhorter than the flower-ſtalk, FLORES ſex, five octo, racemoſi, nutantes, albi ſeu FLOWERS fix or eight, growing in a racemus, hanging luteſcentes, odorati. down, white or yellowiſh, and ſweet-ſcented. PEDUNCULI uniflori, teretes, filiformes. FLOWER-STALKS one flowered, round, and filiform. CALYX nullus. CALYX wanting COROLLA monopetala, globofo-campanulata. Limbus COROLLA monopetalous, roundiſh, bell-ſhaped. The ſexfidus, laciniis obtufiuſculis, reflexis, fig. 1. Limb divided into fix obtuſe reflexed ſeg- ments, fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, ſubulata, petalo inſerta, STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS tapering, inſerted into the corolla breviora. ANTHERÆ oblongæ, erectæ, petal, and ſhorter than the corolla. ANTHERE biloculares, flavæ, longitudine filamentorum, oblong, upright, bilocular, yellow, the length fig. 2. of the filaments, fig. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen ſubrotundum, viride. Stylus PISTILLUM: Germen roundiſh, green. Style fili- filiformis, ftaminibus longior. STIGMA obtu- form, longer than the ſtamina. STIGMA ob- fum, trigonum, fig. 3. tufe, and three-cornered, fig. 3. PERICARPIUM: Bacca globoſa, majuſcula, rubra, SEED-VESSEL a round, largiſh, red Berry, having trilocularis, polyſperma, fig. 4. three cavities, and containing many feeds, fig. 4. SEMINA quinque et ultra majuſcula, luteſcentia, hinc SEEDS five and more, largiſh, yellowiſh, convex on convexa, inde plana ſeu angulata, fig. 5, 6. one fide, and flat or angular on the other, fig. 5, 6. LINNÆUS, in his Flora Lapponica, p. 80. gives his reaſons at large for uniting in one genus the Lilium convallium, the Polygonatum, and Unifolium, and for adopting the name Convallaria. The Lily of the Valley claims our notice as an ornamental and a medicinal plant. As an ornamental one, few are held in greater eſtimation ; indeed, few are the flowers which can boaſt ſuch delicacy with ſuch fragrance; fortu- nately it is moſt eaſy of cultivation, requiring only to be placed in the ſhady part of a garden, and to be tranſplanted now and then, when the roots are too much matted together to produce flowers freely. It bears forcing admirably in pots, and hence the curious may have it in bloſſom at leaſt two months in the year. There is a variety of it with reddith flowers and double bloſſoms. In its wild ſtate it is feldom ſeen in berry; but produces them readily when cultivated. Like many of thoſe plants which are eagerly fought after, it is now become rather ſcarce in the neighbourhood of London. In Mr. Ray's time it grew plentifully on Hampſtead - Heath, but is now ſparingly found there. In Lord Mansfield's wood, near the Spaniard, it may be met with in greater abundance; nor is it uncommon in the woods about Dulwich. It flowers in May and June. The flowers readily impart their fragrance, as well as a penetrating bitteriſh taſte, both to watery and ſpirituous menftrua. Their odorous matter, like that of the white Lily, is very volatile, being totally difſipated in exficcation, and elevated in diſtillation ; nor does the diſtilled fpirit turn milky on the admixture of water, as thoſe ſpirits do which are impregnated with actual oil. The pungency and bitterneſs, on the other hand, reſide in a fixed matter, which remains entire both in the watery and ſpirituous extracts, and which in this concentrated ſtate approaches, as CARTHEUSEr obſerves, to hepatic Aloes. It is principally from the volatile parts of theſe flowers, that medicinal virtues have been expected in nervous and and catarrhous diſorders; but probably their fixt parts alſo, which have no ſmell, have perhaps the greateſt ſhare in their efficacy. The flowers, dried and powdered, and thus diveſted of their odoriferous principle, prove ſtrongly fternutatory. Watery or fpirituous extracts made from them, given in doſes of a ſcruple or half a dram, act as gentle ſtimulating aperients and laxatives, and ſeem to partake of the purgative virtue as well as of the bitterneſs of Aloes. The roots poffefs a greater degree of bitterneſs, and a ſimilar purgative quality. Lewis's Mat. Med. 0 a so TO BOOTS JUNCUS PILOSUS. SMALL HAIRY WOOD-Rush. JUNCUS Lin Gen. Pl. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. 6-phyllus, Cor. o. Capf. 1-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. JUNCUS piloſus foliis planis pilofis, corymbo ramofo. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 280. Sp. Pl. 468. Fl. Suec. 308. JUNCUS foliis planis, hirſutus, floribus umbellatis, folitariis, petiolatis, ariſtatis. Haller hift. n. 1325 JUNCUS piloſus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 435. GRAMEN nemoroſum hirſutum latifolium minus. Bauhin pin. %. GRAMEN nemoroſum hirſutum. Ger. emac. 19. majus Park. 1184. GRAMEN nemorofum hirſutum vulgare. Raii Syn. p. 416. Small hairy Wood-Ruſh. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 151. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. p. 186. 0 a a RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris numerofis, fuſcis, fto- ROOT perennial, and fibrous, fibres numerous and Ionibus brevibus acutis quoque inftruitur, ita brown, it is alſo furniſhed with ſhort pointed ut fubrepens dici poteft. ſhoots, ſo that it may be called ſomewhat creeping: CULMI plures, ex eadem radice, ſpithamæi et ultra, STALKS many from the ſame root, about a ſpan in fuberecti, foliofi, fuperne nudi, fimplices, length, ſometimes more, nearly upright, læves, ftriati, teretes, tribus aut quatuor leafy, naked above, ſimple, ſmooth, ftria- geniculis minime protuberantibus inſtructi. ted, round, furniſhed with three or four joints, which do not protuberate. FOLIA radicalia plurima, tres quatuorve uncias LEAVES next the root numerous, three or four longa, lineas tres, treſque cum dimidiâ lata, inches long, and three lines or three and a ad bafin paulo anguftiora, parum concava, half broad, ſomewhat narroweſt at the baſe, ſuperne obſcure plerumque virentia et lævia a little concave, above generally of a dull glabraque, inferne dilutius virentia et glabra, green colour, ſmooth and rather gloſſy, ad margines autem, raris et longis pilis beneath of a paler green, and ſlightly gloffy, villoſa, denfius autem hirſuta funt verſus at the edges eſpecially, covered with a few eorum origines, fæpe rubentia, apice obtu- long hairs, which are moft numerous towards fiuſcula et ſubtruncata, caulina plana. the baſe of the leaf, often of a reddiſh colour, a little blunt and as it were cut off at the point, the ſtalk leaves flat. FLORES paniculati, panicula diffuſa. FLOWERS forming a ſpreading, panicle. PEDUNCULI inæquales, pauci fimplices, plures FLOWER-STALKS of unequal lengths, a few of proliferi, dichotomi et trichotomi, demum them fimple, moſt of them proliferous, di- retro porrecti, omnes uniflori, flofculis inter- chotomous or trichotomous, finally ſtretcht mediis feffilibus. out backward, all of them ſupporting a ſingle flower, the intermediate ones feffile. CALYX Gluma bivalvis, fig. 1. Perianthium hexa- CALYX: a Glume of two valves, fig. 1. a Perianthi- phyllum, foliolis oblongis, acuminatis, cari- um of fix leaves, which are oblong, pointed, natis, concavis, ex purpureo fufcis, perfif- keel’d, concave, of a purpliſh brown colour tentibus, fig. 2. auct. and permanent, fig. 2. magnified. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, capillaria, breviſſima, % STAMINA: fix Filaments, capillary and very ANTHER Æ oblongæ, erectæ, flavæ, fig. 3. fhort; ANTHERÆ oblong, upright, and yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen triquetrum, acuminatum ; PISTILLUM: GERMEN three-cornered, pointed; Stylus brevis, filiformis; STIGMATA tria, STYLE ſhort, filiform: STIGMATA three, longa, filiformia, villoſa, fig. 4. long, filiform, and villous, fig.4. The Juncus piloſus, Sylvaticus, and campeſtris, are diſtinguiſhed from the other ſpecies, by their grafs-like hairy leaves; the firſt of theſe has ſome little affinity with the campeſtris already figured, but differs from it, not only in its place of growth, but in having its flowers ſtand ſingly, and not in cluſters; while the campeſtris delights in expoſed, the piloſus is found only in woods, and ſhady ſituations; and from this circumſtance we may perhaps in ſome degree account for its flowering earlier than any of the others, for if the ſeaſon be not very unfavourable, it will begin to flower in February, and is uſually out of bloom the beginning of May. We know of no uſe to which this ſpecies, or the ſylvaticus, is applicable; nor yet from the places they inhabit, can they be conſidered in any degree noxious in Agriculture. 345 Juneus pilosus 344 t 3. 3 2 Juncus sylvaticus. J. Sowerby del.et fculp. NIL OF CH M JUNCUS SYLVATICUS, GREAT HAIRY Wood-RUSH. JUNCUS Lin. Gen. Pl. HeXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. 6-phyllus. Cor. o. Capf. 1-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ GRAMINIFOLIÆ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERÆ. JUNCUS Sylvaticus foliis planis pilofis, corymbo decompoſito, floribus fafciculatis ſeſſilibus. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 151. JUNCUS foliis planis hirſutis, floribus paniculatis, fafciculatis. Haller hiſt. n. 1324. GRAMEN nemoroſum hirſutum latifolium majus. Scheuch. Agroft. p. 317. C. B. Pin. 7. GRAMEN nemoroſum hirſutum latifolium maximum. Raii Syn. p. 416. The greateſt broad- leaved hairy Wood-Graſs. GRAMEN luzulæ maximum.. 7. B. II. 493. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 180. a a ; a Authors have contributed not a little to miſlead ſtudents, by deſcribing this ſpecies of Juncus, as uncom- monly large and ſcarce, and it is probable that Mr. Ray would not have conſidered it as a ſpecies, had he not by accident met with ſome very luxuriant ſpecimens of it; in certain fituations it doubtleſs may be found very large, and tall, but it more uſually occurs with a ſtalk a little more than a foot high ; of ſome plants growing in my garden, cloſe to each other, in a moiſt, but not very ſhady ſituation, the comparative height of the Juncus campeſtris, piloſus, and ſylvaticus, was as follows, campeſtris 9 inches, piloſus 11, and ſylva- ticus 15; the account of its being a ſcarce plant is ſtill more erroneous, as there is hardly a wood in the neighbourhood of London, nor as far as we have obſerved in any part of the kingdom, in which they do not grow plentifully together ; they do ſo at leaſt in Biſhop's-Wood, Hampſtead, which is near the ſpot where Mr. Ray deſcribes his plant as growing. By Linnæus this plant is conſidered as a variety only of the pilofus : Mr. Hudson and Baron Haller, examining it with more attention than LINN ÆUS, make a diſtinct ſpecies of it, and give ſuch a deſcription of it as cannot fail to make it known. To the characters given in their ſynonyms above quoted, we may add that the leaves are not only much broader, and more concave, but more ſharply pointed than thoſe of the piloſus, that it flowers three weeks or a month later, and that when the flowering is over, the flower-ſtalks of the piloſus are more reflexed or pendulous than thoſe of the ſylvaticus. This ſpecies flowers in May, or earlier if the ſeaſon be a mild one. LOW TA SUITA ola 318 .-3 5. Alisma Plantago aquatica. J. Sowerby det. et foutp. NIE CHE mo ALISMA PLANTAGO. GREAT WATER-PLANTAIN. ALISMA Lin. Gen. Pl. HexANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala 3. Sem. plura. 3 Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMÆ. ALISMA Plantago foliis ovatis acutis, fructibus obtuſe trigonis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 288. Spec. Pl. P. 486. Fl. Suec. n. 323. DAMASONIUM foliis ellipticis, lanceolatis, capitulo rotunde triquetro. Haller. Hift. n. 1184. . I ALISMA Plantago. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 449. PLANTAGO aquatica latifolia. Bauh. Pin. 190. PLANTAGO aquatica major. Ger. emac. 417. Park. 1245. Raii Syn. 257. Great Water-Plaintain, Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 159. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 193. . p RADIX perennis, alba, bulbiformis, tunicata, denfiffi- ROOT perennial, white, ſomewhat bulbous, coated, mis fibris capillata. and furniſhed with a tuft of numerous fibres. FOLIA omnia radicalia, longe petiolata, ovata, acuta, LEAVES all ſpringing from the root, ſtanding on long glabra, nervofa, integerrima, erecta, ſubun- foot-ſtalks, ovate, pointed, ſmooth, ribbed, dulata, petiolis ſemiteretibus, baſi vaginanti- perfectly entire, upright, flightly waved, the bus, purpurafcentibus. foot-ſtalks ſemicylindrical, at bottom ſheath- ing and purpliſh SCAPUS obtuſe trigonus, nudus, lævis, pedalis ad tri- STALK obtufely three-cornered, naked, ſmooth, from pedalem. one to three feet in height. RAMI floriferi verticillatim circa ſcapum difpofiti, utut BRANCHES producing the flowers diſpoſed in whirls ramuli circa ramos, numero quam maxime round the ſtalk and the lefſer branches in a variantes, nudi. ſimilar manner round them, varying greatly in number, and naked. STIPULÆ ad bafin cujufvis verticilli, membranaceæ, STIPULÆ at the baſe of each whirl, membranous, marcidæ, vaginantes. withered and ſheathing. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM triphyllum, foliolis ovatis, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of three leaves, the leaves acutiufculis, concavis, lineatis, patentibus, mar- ovate, a little pointed, concave, marked with gine membranaceis, fig. 1. lines, ſpreading, membranous on the edge, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA tria, fubrotunda, purpurea, eroſa, COROLLA three Petals, roundiſh, purple, gnawed plana, patentia, remotiufcula, unguibus flavis, on the edge, flat, ſpreading, ſomewhat remote fig. 2. from each other, claws yellow, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, ſetacea, ſubincurvata. STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, fine and tapering, ſlightly ANTHER Æ vireſcentes, fig. 3. bending inwards. ANTHERÆ greenih, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMINA plurima, 12 et ultra, in or- PISTILLUM: GERMINA numerous, to 12 or more bem pofita. Styli tot quot germina, fili- placed in a circle. Styles as numerous formes, erecti. STIGMATA fimplicia, fig. 4. as the germina, filiform, upright. STIG- Piſtillum auct. fig. 5. MATA ſimple, fig. 4. The Piſtillum magni- fied, fig. 5. . The ancient Botaniſts, taken with the firſt appearance of things, and obſerving a fimilarity in the leaves of this plant to thoſe of Plantain, without conſulting the flower or fruit, made it at once a Plantago, though its fructification bears not the moſt diſtant affinity to that genus. Baron Haller obſerves, that in its acrimonious quality it comes near to the Crowfoots, and on the authority of FABREGOU relates, that it has proved fatal to kine and other animals who have eaten it. From theſe effects he very properly queries how comes it to be conſidered by Floyer as a cooler and aſtringent, and by Boccone as uſeful in the Piles. Externally applied it bliſters; taken internally it produces the ſame effect as the Crowfoots. Cattle are much injured, and ſometimes killed by it. Atrophy and immobility of the hind parts of the body are the effects of which it is productive. LINDENSTOLPIUS, Brugman's Diſſertatio Quænam funt Plantæ inutiles, &c. 1783. There is no plant more common than this ſpecies of Water Plantain in and by the ſides of ponds, rivers, &c. It flowers in July, Auguft, and September. IAITAIT-ITAW TASHDOJATHAJI AMIA ОБАТИКА А boy ATHI AMA Simila 1H13 solido e os citerolotti ALIA 2814 botoksinoinoon, nato MUIDIOMAS coolsilon ODAZ sifonie AS The coup. ODATHAI TOOI stimolidad de obseronto Fotos gevind audi be clean re 55 och AUTO IMA og mod not AN do that que los ulo 3 2.... *3 Alisma Damasonium J.Son erby del: et foulpo. " ONIL mic OF ALISMA DAMASONIUM. STARRY-HE A DED WATER - PLANTA IN. ALISMA Lin. Gen. Pl. HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala 3. Sem. plura. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HerBÆ MULTISILIQUÆ SEU CORNICULATÆ. ALISMA Damafonium foliis cordato oblongis, floribus hexagynis, capſulis fubulatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 350. Sp. Pl. p. 486. PLANTAGO aquatica ftellata. Bauh. Pin. 190. DAMASONIUM ſtellatum Dalechampii. I. B. III. 789. PLANTAGO aquatica minor ftellata. Ger. emac. 417. PLANTAGO aquatica minor muricata. Park. 1245- Raiz Syn. Star-headed Water-Plantain. Hudſ. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 158. a RADIX perennis, fibroſa, fibris plurimis, denſiflime ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres numerous, thickly capillatis, fimpliciuſulis, ex fuſco-aurantiacis, matted together, moſtly ſimple, of a browniſh in limum profunde demiſlis, junioribus al- orange colour, ſtriking deeply into the mud, bis. the young ones white. FOLIA longe petiolata, natantia, cordato-oblonga, LEAVES ſtanding on long foot talks, ſwimming, of integerrima, utrinque glabra, obtuſa, mar- an oblong heart ſhape, perfe&tly entire, gine ipfa purpuraſcente, ſubtus nervoſa, ſmooth on both ſides, obtuſe, the very edge nervis duobus vix protuberantibus parallelis purpliſh, ribb'd on the under ſide, two very prope marginem. ſlightly, prominent, parallel ribs near the margin. PETIOLI obtuſe trigoni, ſubdiaphani, fpongiofi, ad LEAF-STALKS obtufely three-cornered, ſomewhat baſin lati, et membranâ albidâ utrinque tranſparent, fpongy, broad at the baſe, and inſtructi. edged on each ſide with a whitiſh membrane. SCAPUS fpithamæus, teres, lævis, nudus, craffiuf- STALK about a ſpan long, round, ſmooth, naked, culus, fuperne fordide purpureus, multi- clumſy, of a dirty purple colour above, florus. many-flower'd. FLORES albi, fubumbellati. FLOWERS white, growing umbel-like. UMBELLÆ plerumque tres, inferior lateralis, octo-UMBELS for the moſt part three, the lowermoſt la- radiata, proxima ſuperior fexradiata, ſuprema teral, eight-rayed, the next above fix-rayed, triradiata, numerus vero variat in diverſis the uppermoſt three-rayed, the number how- plantis. ever varies in different plants. INVOLUCRUM umbellæ triphyllum, foliolis ovato- INVOLUCRUM of the umbel three-leav’d, leaves lanceolatis, membranaceis, marceſcentibus. ovato-lanceolate, membranous, and wither- ing. PEDUNCULI qui radii umbellæ, teretes, nudi, fef- FLOWER-STALKS which form the rays of the quiunciales, fuperioribus brevioribus. umbel, round, naked, an inch and a half in length, the upper ones ſhorteſt. CALYX: PERIANTHium triphyllum, foliolis fub- CALYX: a Perianthium of three leaves, the leaf- ovatis, obtufis, concavis, patentibus, apice lets nearly ovate, obtuſe, concave, ſpread- membranaceis, cito marefcentibus, fig. 1. ing, membranous at the top, and foon withering, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA tria, fubrotunda, alba, tenera, COROLLA compoſed of three roundiſh, white, ten- ungue flavo, fig. 2. der Petals with yellow claws, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, fubulata, flaveſcentia, STAMINA: fix tapering yellowiſh FILAMENTS, corollâ breviora: ANTHER Æ oblongæ, flavæ, ſhorter than the corolla : ANTHER £ oblong and yellow, fig. 3: PISTILLUM: GERMINA plerumque ſex, fubulata, © PISTILLUM: GERMINA for the moſt part fix in erecta : STYLI nulli: STIGMATA villoſa, number, tapering, upright: STYLes none: fubreflexa, fig. 4. STIGMATA villous, ſomewhat reflexed, PERICARPIUM: Capsulæ ſex, patentes, fubulatæ, SEED-VESSEL: fix ſpreading CAPSULES, tapering CAPSULÆ inferne compreffæ, uniloculares, monoſper- to a point, flattened below, one-cell’d, a mæ vel diſpermæ, fig. 5. ſingle feed or two in each, fig. 5. SEMEN oblongum, obtuſum, nigricans, nitidum, ad SEED oblong, obtuſe, blackiſh, ſhining, when mag- lentem punctis exafperatum, fulco per me- nified appearing rough with little promi- dium utrinque longitudinali, fig. 6. nent points, a groove running down the middle on each ſide, fig. 6. a a fig. 3 fig. 4: Not very uncommon in the neighbourhood of London, in ditches, ftagnant waters, and ponds, eſpecially ſuch as have been formed by the digging of gravel: particularly plentiful in ſuch like ponds on Wandſworth Common, with Sparganium fimplex : allo, about Clapham, Walworth, &c. Flowers from June to September. Is not remarkable for its qualities or uſes. Tournefort makes a diſtinct genus of the Damafonium, referring the Aliſma Plantago and ranunculoides to the genus Ranunculus. Ray alſo ſeparates it from the Plantago aquatica, but obſerves that it agrees with it in its tripetalous flowers, though it differs in its feed-vefſels. Notwithſtanding this diſcrepance in the ſeed-veſſels, the other parts of its fructification, joined to its general habit, in our humble opinion, fully juſtify LINN ÆUS in making it an Aliſma. олио АМАС Азиат also ht Coloma ot basta da VO de loto Тяяясатан? 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SHEEP'S SORREL. RUMEX Lin. Gen. Pl. HEXANDRÍA TRIGYNIA. Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala 3, conniventia. Sem. 1. triquetrum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. Herbæ flore imperfecto ſeu ſtamineo (vel apetalo potius). RUMEX Acetoſella floribus dioicis foliis lanceolato-haſtatis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 286. Sp. Pl. 481 Fl. Suec. n. 319. LAPATHUM ſexubus ſeparatis, foliis fagittatis, hamis acutis recurvis. Haller hit. 1596. LAPATHUM Acetoſella. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 439. ACETOSA arvenſis lanceolata. Bauhin. Pin. p. 1146 OXALIS tenuifolia. Ger.emac. 397. ACETOSA minor lanceolata. Parkinſ. 744. LAPATHUM acetofum repens lanceolatum. Raii Syn. p. 143. Sheep's Sorrel. Hudſon Fl. Angi. p. 156. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p.191. RADIX perennis, ſublignofa, repens, fuſca. ROOT perennial, of a brown colour, ſomewhat woody, and creeping. a a CAULIS palmaris ad pedalem, erectus, lævis, ftriatus, STALK from a hand's breadth to a foot in height, up- ſubanguloſus, ramofus. right, ſmooth, ftriated, fomewhat angular, branched. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, inferiora lanceolato-haſtata, LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, the lower hamis fæpius recurvis, in umbroſis ſubglauca, ones lanceolate, and halbert-ſhaped, the lobes in apricis ut ut tota planta fanguinea, fuperiora forming the halbert, uſually bent upwards, in lineari-lanceolata. ſhady ſituations ſomewhat glaucous, in ex- poſed ones of a blood colour, as well as the whole plant, the upper ones entire, betwixt. linear and lance-ſhaped. PETIOLUS longitudine folii, inferne ftriatus, ſuperne LEAF-STALK the length of the leaf, on the under canaliculatus, bafi vaginans, vaginâ apice mem- fide ftriated, above ſingle-channeled, forming branaceâ, albâ, lacerâ, fæpe reflexâ. a fheath at bottom, the tip of which is mem- branous, white, torn, and often reflexed. SPICÆ plurimæ, nudæ, fubramofæ, fæpe nutantes. SPIKES numerous, naked, ſomewhat branched, and often drooping. FLORES maſculi et fæminei in diſtinctis plantis, mini- FLOWERS male and female in ſeparate plants, very mi; fig. 1, 2. flos maſculus auctus ; fig. 3. minute; fig. 1, 2. a male flower magnified ; foemineus; fig. 4, femen magnitudine natu- fig. 3. a female flower; fig. 4. the ſeed of its rali; fig. 5. idem auct. 5 natural fize; fig. 5. the ſame magnified. In repreſenting the two fexes (which occur in this as well as in the common Sorrel) we have intended that one of them ſhould expreſs the plant in its dwarf ſtate, as it uſually occurs on very dry, hilly paſtures. In ſuch ſituations the whole plant is frequently found of a bright red colour. In more ſhady aſpects it grows taller, and the leaves aſſume a greener hue. Whereever it abounds we may in general look on it as a fure indication of a dry, barren foil. HALLER obſerves, that it is often found growing in Coal-yards (areis carbonariorum). Agriculturally conſidered, we muſt number it with the weeds, and with thoſe too, from its creeping roots, of difficult extirpation. It is found in flower from June to September. 309 ਨੂੰ Rumex Acetosella інтдан и ого и bia anioggo citiciplinary dia пат, роrt yal floor оlоrе аr olosant ай рола ERICA VULGARIS. COMMON HEATH. ERICA Lin. Gen. Pl. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor. 4-fida. Filamenta receptaculo inſerta. Antheræ bifidæ. Capſ. 4-locularis. Raii Syn. ARBORES ET FRUTICES. ERICA vulgaris antheris ariſtatis, corollis campanulatis fubæqualibus, calycibus duplicatis, foliis oppofitis fagittaris. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 301. Sp. Pl. p. 501. Fl. Suec. n. 336. ERICA foliis imis adpreſfis ſimplicibus, floralibus calcaratis. Haller. Hift. n. p. 1012. ERICA vulgaris. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 460. ERICA vulgaris glabra. Bauh. Pin. 485. ERICA vulgaris feu pumila. Ger. emac. 1380. ERICA vulgaris. Parkinſ. 1480. Raii Syn. 470. Common Heath or Ling. Scot. Hather. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 165. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 204. 1 a fig. 6. Fruticulus pedalis, bipedalis et ultra, valde ramcfus, A ſmall fhrub, a foot or two in height, or more, very rami fuberecti, teretes, pubeſcentes, rubi- much branched, the branches moſtly upright, cundi. round, downy, and reddiſh. FOLIA oppoſita, circa ramulos in quatuor ſeries imbri- LEAVES oppoſite, feffile and arrow-ſhaped, placed round cata, feffilia, fagittata. the ſmall branches in four rows. FLORES purpurei, fpicati, ſubſecundi. FLOWERS purple, growing in a ſpike, moſtly all one way PEDUNCULI breviſſimi, longitudine foliorum. FLOWER-STALKS very ſhort, the length of the leaves. CALYX: duplex, perſiſtens, exterior breviffimus, tetra- CALYX: double, and permanent, the outermoft very phyllus, foliolis ovatis, acutis, patentibus, e ſhort, compoſed of four leaves, which are viridi purpurafcentibus, ad lentem ciliatis, in- ovate, pointed, ſpreading, partly green, and terior cum corolla concolor, tetraphyllus, fo- partly purple, when magnified hairy on the liolis ovato-lanceolatis, nitidis, corolla longiori- edges, the inner one the ſame colour as the bus, demum inflexis, fig. 1, 2. corolla, compoſed of four ſomewhat lanceolate leaves, ſhining, longer than the corolla, finally bending inward, fig. 1, 2. COROLLA monopetala, purpurea, quadripartita, co- COROLLA monopetalous, purple, deeply divided into rollâ brevior, incluſa, fig. 3. four ſegments, ſhorter than the corolla, and incloſed within it, fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENT A octo, alba. ANTHERÆ fub- STAMINA: eight white FILAMENTS. ANTHERÆ coadunatæ, aurantiacæ, bicornes, fig. 4, 5. ſomewhat united, orange-coloured, each fur- niſhed with two little horns, fig. 4, 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN villoſum. Stylus calyce lon- PISTILLUM: GERMEN villous Style longer than gior, ſurſum curvatus. STIGMA quadrifidum, the calyx, bent upward. STIGMA quadrifid, fig. 6. There is, perhaps, no tribe of plants whoſe flowers aſſume a greater variety of form than thoſe of the preſent genus. Such as have had opportunities of examining many of the foreign heaths, muſt afſent to the truth of this obfervation ; and ſuch as have not, need only conſult the preſent ſpecies, and compare the diſſections with thoſe of the Eri a cinerea, and Tetralix already figured, to be perfectly convinced of it: fo great indeed has this difference appeared to ſome botaniſts, that they have divided them into diſtinct genera. Africa produces inore heaths than the whole world beſides. Next to Africa, Europe is the moſt productive; and almoſt every part of this quarter of the globe, eſpecially the northern, abounds with this ſpecies. LINNÆUS remarks, in his Flora Lapoonica, that, in ſome of the diſtricts through which he paſſed, ſcarce any plant was to be ſeen but the barren heath, which every where covered the ground, and could no ways be extirpated. The country people, he obſerves, had an idea that there were two plants which would finally overſpread and deſtroy the whole earth, viz. Heath and Tobacco. Excluſive of the animation which the bloſſoms of this ſpecies in particular impart to our dreary waſtes at the clofe of ſummer, it anſwers many important purpoſes in natural as well as rural economy. While its branches afford ſhelter to many of the feathered tribe, its ſeeds form a principal part of their food, eſpecially thoſe of the Grous kind: and here we may remark a particular proviſion of nature in forming the feed- veffel, &c. in ſuch a manner as to preſerve the feeds a whole year, or longer, whence they have a conſtant ſupply. The foliage of this ſpecies affords nouriſhment to the caterpillar of the Phalana quercus Linnæi, or great Egger Moth: we obſerved many inſtances of this in our northern tour. Bees are well known to collect largely from the bloſſoms of heath; but ſuch honey is browner, coarſer, and of leſs value than ſuch as is collected where no heath grows. According to Linnæus's experiments, 'no kind of cattle appear to be fond of it. Horſes and Oxen will eat it; Sheep and Goats ſometimes eat, ſometimes reject it. Cattle, not accuſtomed to browſe on heath, give bloody milk; but are foon cured, by drinking plentifully of water. Pennant's Tour, p. 229. Heath or Hather is applied to many economical purpoſes among the Highlanders: they frequently cover their houſes with it inſtead of thatch, or elſe twiſt it into ropes, and bind down the thatch with them in a kind of lattice-work. In moſt of the weſtern iſles they dye their yarn of a yellow colour, by boiling it in water with the green tops and fiorvers of this plant. In Rum, Skye, and the Long Iſland, they frequently tan their leather in a strong decoction of it. Formerly the young tops are ſaid to have been uſed alone to brew a kind of ale; and even now, I was informed, that the inhabitants of Ia and Jura ſtill continue to brew a very potable liquor, by mixing two-thirds of the tops of Hather, and one-third of malt. 'This is not the only refreſhment that Hather affords; the hardy Highlanders frequently make their beds with it, laying the roots downwards, and the tops upwards, which, though not quite ſo ſoft and luxurious as beds of down, are altogether as refreſhing to thoſe who ſleep on them, and perhaps much more healthy. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 205. In moſt parts of Great Britain, Heath is in general uſe for making brooms; and for this purpoſe is uſually cut when in blolom. The turf, with the Heath growing on it, is cut up, dried, and uſed for fuel by the poor cottager. It is alſo in uſe for heating ovens, for mending bad roads where better materials are wanting, and for making drains under-ground. This ſpecies, as well as the others, is ſometimes found with white bloſſoms, and a variety with hoary leaves is not uncommon, particularly on Bagſhot Heath. Some authors have improperly conſidered this as the Erica ciliaris of LINNÆUS. The Dodder very frequently entwines itſelf about this plant, and gives it an appearance which may puzzle, if not millead, the inexperienced botaniſt. a a a 297 Erica vulgaris. N OF 307 ..2... 4... 3 regule arvenni J. Sowerby dd. d faulp. SNL OF 30 SPER GULA ARVENSIS. CORN SPURREY. SPERGULA Linnæi Gen. Pl. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. Herb. PentAPETALÆ VASCULIFERÆ. SPERGULA arvenſis foliis verticillatis, floribus decandris. Linn. Syt. Vegetab. P: 363. Sp. Pl. p. 630. Flor. Suec. n. 419 ALSINE foliis verticillatis, feminibus rotundis. Haller: hijtn. 8,73. ALSINE fpergula dicta major. Bauhin. Pin. 251. SAGINA Spergula. Ger. emac. 1125. SAGINA Spergula major. Parkinſ. 562. Raii Syn. p. 351. Spurrey. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 203. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 243. . RADIX annua, fibroſa. * ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULES plures, fpithamæi, ſeu pedales, ſuberecti, STALKS numerous, about a ſpan or a foot in length, teretes, læves, ſuperne viſcoſi, geniculis glo- nearly upright, round, ſmooth, on the upper boſis. part clammy, joints globular. STIPULÆ ad genicula binæ, breviffimæ, apicibus in- STIPULÆ growing in pairs at the joints, very ſhort, feriorum reflexis. the tips of the lower ones reflexed. FOLIA verticillata, faſciculos duos conſtituentia, foliolis LEAVES growing in whirls, and forming two bundles, octo circiter in quovis faſciculo, interioribus about eight in each bundle, the inner ones fenfim minoribus, linearia, teretia, apicibus gradually ſmalleſt, linear, round, tips yellow, flavis, dorfo lineâ exarato, fuperioribus vifcofis. with a deep furrow on the back, the upper ones clammy. FLORES albi, pulchelli, paniculati, panicula dicho- FLOWERS white, pretty, growing in a panicle, which toma. is dichotomous PEDUNCULI viſcoſi, peractå florefcentiâ penduli. PEDUNCLES clammy, hanging down when the flow ering is over. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis; CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves, the leaves obtufiufculis, concavis, patentibus, perfiften- ovate, bluntiſh, concave, ſpreading, perma- tibus, marginibus albidis, fig. 1. nent, the edges whitiſh, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, ovata, acutiuſcula, COROLLA: five Petals, ovate, a little pointed, concava, calyce longiora, ungue brevi affixa, concave, longer than the calyx, affixed by a fig. 2. ſhort claw, fig. 2 STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem, alba, ſubulata ; An- STAMINA: țen FILAMENTs, white, tapering; An- THERÆ fubrotundæ, flavæ, fig. 3. THERÆ roundiſh and yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN fubrotundum; Styli quin- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh ; Styles five, ſhort, que, breves, reflexi; STIGMATA fimplicia, reflexed; STIGMATA ſimple, fig. 4. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA ováta, tecta, unilocularis, SEED-VESSEL: an ovate CAPSULE covered, by the quinquevalvis, fig. 5. remaining calyx, of one cavity and five valves, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, majuſcula, nigricantia, depreffo- SEEDS numerous, rather large, blackiſh, round, with globoſa, punctis rufis prominulis ad lentem a ſmall degree of flatneſs, if viewed with a exaſperata, annulo manifeſte cinéta, fig. 6, 7. magnifier beſet with ſmall, reddiſh, promi- nent points, and encircled with a manifeſt ring, fig. 6, 7. The Spergula arvenſis is ſeldom found but in a fandy ſoil; and as that kind of ſoil does not abound much in the neighbourhood of London, ſo this ſpecies of Spergula may be conſidered as one of our plantæ rariores. On fome parts of Hampſtead-Heath, and in the neighbourhood of the Spaniard, we have often noticed it, as well as in the fand-pits at Charlton. In fome fandy fields near Carſhalton, in Surrey, we have ſeen it ſo plentiful as to appear like the intended crop. As no uſe is made of it with us, it may be conſidered as one of the worſt weeds to which : a fandy foil is ſubject. Abroad, however, it is an object of cultivation. In ſome parts of Flanders, Germany, and Norway, they feed their cattle with the plant, and their poultry with its feeds; but as Tares and Buck wheat, which are far more productive, as well as nutritious, may be cultivated in a fimilar foil, cur Farmers do wiſely in rejecting it. It is found in bloſſom from July to September. We have not found this plant unuſually ſubject to vary in the number of its ſtamina ; nor have we obſerved it to vary ſo much in any other reſpect as to make us ſuſpect we had ſeen the Spergula pentandra of LINN ÆUS, which Mr. Hudson makes a variety of the arvenſis, contrary to the opinion of ſome of the greateſt authorities. If the difference betwixt theſe two plants was to depend ſolely on the number of its ſtamina, we ſhould be extremely ready to conſider them as the fame; but Ray, whoſe opinion muſt be allowed to have great weight, deſcribes the pentandra as a ſpecies totally diſtinct from the arvenſis. "He does not found his ſpecific difference on the number of its ſtamina ; but on characters, leſs ſubject to variation: the leaves at the joints, he obſerves, are fewer and thicker, the plant flowers early, and ſoon goes off (neither of which takes place in the arvenſis); and adds, that Dr. SHERHARD obſerved it in fandy places in Ireland. To fhew that other Authors have likewiſe entertained an opinion of its being a diſtinct ſpecies, we ſhall quote their reſpective ſynonyms. Spergula foliis filiformibus verticillatis raris feminibus nigris. Sauv. Monfp. 167. Alfine fpergulæ facie minima feminibus emarginatis. Tourn. inft. 244. Vaill. Paris 8. Alfine fpergulæ facie minima. Magn. Mon/p. 14. Arenaria teretifolia verna, flore albo, femine limbo foliaceo cincto. Rupp. Jen. 101. Spergula annua, femine foliaceo nigro circulo membranaceo albo cincto. Moris hif. 2. p. 531. blaf. 28. Dill Gifs 46. E. N. C. cent. 5 p. 275. 1. 4. On theſe ſeveral authorities we cannot but conclude, that there exiſts fuch a plant as the Pentandra ; nor can we avoid expreſſing a wiſh, that ſome gentleman, whoſe reſidence may afford him an opportunity of obſerving its hiſtory, will favour us with a more complete account of it. a SU и до 212 AJU a TA 013 MIDA joskuse AS - 259 To 15 200 Doces tulo - dosti orgulvet od and on ei ole total o ALICE olul to coop nobo audionas moleculativne 25 ang susiklos 2017 ប 11 be soods 350 ode too il borden wollars to conselho are volvo TUTTO - karog T: YUI A audinis ALTOSO ottavbatros dhe bas ont.5913 BATU AMMATE batondu duto MULTITCE Android gun и до: devo Aten Uялот TAOIST Poupage Portret AS hola more baten bag lodólg olurios delante nota CS bid tros Gris obs nos tud boots Nodobno 13 bootetta Se so that mono en roer got bobrani od A Bardoor De dobro 3. viBobong att ta sig tid tigas dit voor el about to pode of codebat oor dir rolle vaso dos o 0 28 Roza O, om short wad sonst denadizabildos os cut mottagelse B975 a dosud sinn ce D) To cognou brie vites ao anos botas bevaldo CRA HE foto do wodi T. wool .amos3 Ai e di trdo ilot slap ostlug SDA oracle Shot Bloodrida online na to 20. ons staboltrop sudorias odo to her body. diw sa bio oooo elettrodiva nuorot loco es si A monia Eupatoria. 8 A 6. NID OF J. Sowerby del. et faut. H. sic AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA. AGRIMONY. AGRIMONIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cal. 5 dentatus, altero obvallatus. Petala 5. Sem. 2, in fundo calycis. 5 Raii Syn. Gen. 10. HERBÆ FLORE PERFECTO SIMPLICI SEMINIBUS NUDIS SOLITARIIS SEU AD SINGULOS FLORES SINGULIS. AGRIMONIA Eupatoria foliis caulinis pinnatis : impari petiolato, fructibus hifpidis. Lin. Syft. Veg. p. 372. Sp. Pl. p. 643. Fl. Suec. n. 423. AGRIMONIA foliis pinnatis, pinnulis alterne minimis. Haller Hif. 991. AGRIMONIA Eupatoria. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 567. EUPATORIUM veterum ſeu Agrimonia. Bauh. Pin. 321. AGRIMONIA Ger. emac. 712. AGRIMONIA vulgaris. Park. 594. Raii Syn. p. 202. Agrimony. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 206. . . Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 247, RADIX perennis, ramoſa, rubeſcens, ſquamis nigri- & ROOT perennial, branched, of a reddiſh colour, befet cantibus obfefla. with blackiſh ſcales. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus, teres, obſolete STALK from one to three feet high, upright, round, anguloſus, hirſutus, rubicundus aut rubro faintly angular, hirſute, reddith or dotted with punctatus, fimplex vel ramofus. red, ſingle or branched. FOLIA alterna, ſubambroſiaca, hirſuta, interrupte pin- LEAVES alternate, ſomewhat fragrant, hirfute, inter- nata cum impari, 5 vel 6 juga, pinnæ ſub- ruptedly pinnated with an odd one at the end, oppoſitæ, ſeſſiles, fubovatæ, venofæ, ferratæ, compoſed of five or fix pair of pinnæ, pinnä ciliatæ, pinnulæ plerumque integræ aut trifidæ. moſtly oppoſite, feffile, ſomewhat ovate, veiny, ſerrated, edged with hairs, the ſmall pinnæ for the moſt part entire or trifid. STIPULÆ duæ, oppoſitæ, majuſculæ, amplexicaules, STIPULÆ two, oppoſite, rather large, embracing the patentes, profunde ſerratæ. ſtalk, ſpreading, and deeply ferrated. BRACTEÆ trifidæ, laciniis linearibus, hirſutis. FLORAL-LEAVES trifid, the ſegments linear and hirſute. SPICA terminalis, elongata, hirſuta, floribus breviter SPIKE terminal, elongated, hirſute, the flowers ſtand- pedicellatis. ing on very ſhort foot-ſtalks. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinquefidum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, divided into fuperum, perſiſtens, laciniis ovatis, acutis, fig. five ſegments, placed above the germen, 1. extra ſetis filiformibus, rigidis, apice pur- and permanent, the ſegments ovate, pointed, pureis, uncinatis, cinctum, fig. 2. intus fub- fig. 1. externally ſurrounded with rigid, fili- ftantia flava glanduloſa clauſum ; Involucrum form, hooked, briſtles, purple at the points, fig. ad bafin germinis diphyllum foliolis binis ſeu 2. within cloſed with a yellow glandular ſub- tridentatis, fig. 3 ſtance; Involucrum at the baſe of the germen, compoſed of two leaves, each of which has two or three teeth, fig. 3. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, ſubovata, flava, pa- COROLLA: five Petals, fomewhat ovate, yellow, tentia, feffilia, ſubſtantiâ glandulofà calycis in- ſpreading, feffile, inſerted into the glandular ſerta, fig. 4, fubftance of the calyx, fig. 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA undecim, feu duodecim, STAMINA: eleven or twelve FILAMENTS, of a yel- luteſcentia, curvata, cum petalis inferta. An- lowiſh colour, bent and inſerted with the petals. THER Æ didymæ, compreffæ, fig. 5. ANTHERÆ compoſed of two lobes and flat- tened, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen in ferum, fig. 6. Styli duo, PISTILLUM: Germen beneath the calyx, fig. 6. curvati, longitudine ſtaminum. STIGMATA Styles two, bent, the length of the ſtamina. obtufa, fig. 7. STIGMATA blunt, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA e calyce orta, nutans, ex- SEED-VESSEL a Capsule, ariſing from the calyx, a CAPSULE tra ſulcatum, fuperne cineta ariſtis uncinatis, drooping, grooved on the outſide, on the upper unilocularis, fig. 8. part ſurrounded with hooked beards, of one cavity, fig. 8. SEMINA duo, fubrotunda, glabra, fig. 9. SEEDS two, roundiſh and ſmooth, fig. 9. Agrimony is a plant of very general growth, being found not only in Europe, but in Virginia and Japan. It has been chiefly regarded as a medicinal plant, and as ſuch is often raiſed in gardens. Culture does not ſeem to produce any material change in its quality. Another ſpecies or variety, of foreign original, common alſo in our gardens, and differing little in appearance from our indigenous Agrimony, promiſes to be fuperior to it in virtue, as its taſte is more aromatic, and its ſmell much ſtronger, and very agreeable. CASPAR BAUHINE calls it Eupatorium odoratum. Fabius COLUMNA Eupatorium Diofcoridis odoratum et aromaticum. Lewis Diſp. ed. Aik. p. 29. The leaves of Agrimony have a flightly bitterith, roughiſh taſte, accompanied with an agreeable, though very weak, aromatic flavour. The flowers are in ſmell ſtronger, and more agreeable, than the leaves, and in taſte fomewhat weaker. They readily give out their virtues both to water and rectified ſpirit. The leaves impart to the former a greeniſh yellow, to the latter a deep green colour: the flowers yield their own deep yellow tincture to both menſtrua. id. Agrimony is one of the milder corroborants; and in this intention is ſometimes employed, eſpecially among the common people, againſt habitual diarrhoeas, and cachectic and other indiſpoſitions, from a lax ſtate of the folids. Infuſions of the leaves, which are not ungrateful, may be drank as tea. It is ſometimes joined with other ingres dients in diet drinks for purifying the blood, and in pectoral A pozems. Id. This plant delights in a dry foil , and grows almoſt every where, in this kingdom, in open paſtures, in the borders of fields, and by the fides of hedges and ditches, flowering from July to September. Cattle in general diſlike and leave it untouched. CYMOMBASA ATSIO TATU AIVOMIDA erotiso obmute ATIOSU Антителаидео Торік Аиолол 11. Basilio di unash H...? alam ali ottleiterectionni airilep aliliott ATMOLDA de un AIVOMISIOA 21 too mistis ilman aidanig ilot AIZOMIDA на : 2. AIVOMISOA om 570 MULAOTATUS AIVOMITOA i.co.iя до іnѕury A1Иомод AIVOMADA Dos Tube od moon dibborn to badanid Isi 134 TOOT-irgir eicosapenodladu sonrisa ei 190 XICAS bolos . thisisli di sholdó audio Det store sota o ono mod ATC otsoldout 2019 toisboqiu bs atsbod SCUAD como . ritiw botol 16 bibben allergik vaist Ordutos abouoidut olid antolans dosed to alga bor entorbrovolat 2018 យល់ intrattotitos avant quran unit conilordenador ALIOT 9 brero debb nobbar bosna vibaur bocor dui suoiq get a boy seni mus sie to ova to bologos sisu one vodotomologo tomologo lom abilit dus goinpiskelumitto bogbo otrok do od to go out, KJUTTE lusixolms slobber scopio TUTTO vige brico S181sbation 910ira on VALLATION bazudissonil etimoslashni HITOAST solo not get to attaid tegeleilanss A0198 Monitor aislai Alta Ambientallydoonor MUIHTU:XYIAO. 2 stovi tor svo allt mange obrotonet : Sitit rendimo aisti. Como ere ubai sau hid balunoa tettub stolubel such a clublot balole al lolidt mullydaibigy old bo and 10 eti o low to his day oli 180 DATO ATomo - stood upitnatal LOOD : І. Labels Ꭷi . 100 111. cipelho Bolibog net od to trovabAMMATES sebotomiosban ANIMATS dolos chato me Voit logo simbio al МОта оuls torta дaн oli изминар стати BANOS 12 zvier AUSSTADT organo bila root baboy sinato AVM be Solo babe svogo Side odontog op basisoducibimo logo di bns booldado og blot till pad two Boso si svoriti integra 9 2. ALLAHU ALE ST. Tuolaa - foto - bekom sem lost a TUS vanil bas blog Ortoon ona bu poldo ol bo be ber Dom to ob 1975 da budemo be SPIRÆ A ULMARI A. M E A DOW-SWE E T. SPIRÆA Lin. Gen. Pl. ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Cap. polyfpermæ. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMÆ. SPIRÆA Ulmaria foliis pinnatis : impari majore lobato, floribus cymoſis. Lin. Syf. Vegetab.p. 393. Sp. Pl. p. 702. Fl. Suec. n. 440. FILIPENDULA foliis pinnatis, acute ferratis, minimis intermiſtis, extrema trilobata maxima. Haller. hiſt. n. 1135. SPIRÆA Ulmaria Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 603. BARBA CAPRI floribus compactis. Bauh. Pin. 164. ULMARIA I. B. III. 488. REGINA PRATI Ger. emac. p. 1043. ULMARIA vulgaris. Parkinſ. 592. Raiz Syn. p. 259. Meadow-Sweet. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 217. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 259. 0 RADIX perennis, craffitie minimi digiti, obliqua, Q ROOT perennial, the thickneſs of the little finger, rubicunda, fibris plurimis ex fufco luteſcen- oblique, reddiſh, furniſhed with numerous tibus defcendentibus inſtructa. fibres of a browniſh yellow colour, running deep into the earth. CAULIS bi ſeu tripedalis et ultra, ereétus, folioſus, ở STALK from two to three feet high or more, up- angulatus, glaber, hinc inde rubicundus, right, leafy, angular, ſmooth, here and there plerumque fimplex. of a reddiſh colour, for the moſt part un- branched. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, pinnata, 3-vel 5-juga : LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, pinnated, foliolis oppofitis, feitilibus, ovato-oblongis, % pinnæ from three to five pair, oppoſite, fef- fupra viridibus, glabris, lucidiufculis, line- file, ovato-oblong, above green, ſmooth and atis, minutim venuloſis, rugoſis, ſubtus ner- ſomewhat ſhining, minutely veined, and vofis, minutim tomentofis, cinereis, margine wrinkled, the veins impreſſed, beneath inciſo-dentatis, undique ferratis, minutim ribbed, covered with an afh-coloured downy ciliatis; terminatis foliolo majore, trifido- fubftance, the edge jagged, ferrated, and palmato. finely edged with hairs, the terminal pinna large and deeply divided into three ſegments. PETIOLI ſubtus convexi, fupra concavi; radicales LEAF-STALKS convex beneath, concave above, triplo longiores. thoſe of the radical leaves three times as long as the others. STIPULÆ amplexicaules, acutæ, margine undique STIPULÆ fem-clafping, pointed, ferrated, and finely ferratæ, minutim ciliatæ ; partiales in petiolo edged with hairs, the partial ones on the communi intra fingulum par pinnarum, ſub common foot-ſtalk betwixt each pair of oppoſitæ, parvæ, inequales magnitudine, pinnæ, nearly oppoſite, ſmall, unequal in ovatæ, dentato-ferratæ, pariter fubtus to- fize, ovate, indented or ſerrated, and like mentofæ, the pinnæ downy underneath. CORYMBUS terminalis, erectus, minutim pubefcens, CORYMBUS terminal, upright, ſlightly pubeſcent, pedunculatus, nudus, compofitus e cymis ftalked, naked, compoſed of ſeveral une- plurimis inæqualibus, intermedia feffili. qual cymæ, the intermediate one feffile. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, ſubcampa- . CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, ſomewhat nulatum, ad lentem pubefcens, pallidum, bell-ſhaped, if magnified ſlightly downy, of quinquefidum, laciniis ovatis, acutis, demum a pale colour, divided into five ſegments, reflexis, fig. 1. which are ovate, pointed, and finally re- flexed, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, albida, oblongo- COROLLA: five whitiſh Petals, oblong, roundiſh, rotundata, unguiculata, patentia, calyce clawed, ſpreading twice the length of the duplo longiora, fig. 2. calyx, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA viginti plura, filiformia, STAMINA : twenty FILAMENTS or more, filiform, flaveſcentia, longitudine corolla, calyci in- yellowiſh, the length of the corolla, inſerted ferta. ANTHERÆ ſubrotundæ, flaveſcentes, into the calyx. ANTHERÆ nearly round, and yellowiſh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMINA quinque, ſex, five plura ; ° PISTILLUM: Germina five, fix, or more; STYLES Styli totidem, fuperne incraſſati, reflexa ; as many, thickened above and turned back; STIGMATA capitata, fig. 4. STIGMATA forming little heads, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULæ plurimæ, ſpiraliter con- SEED-VESSEL: CAPSULES feveral, twiſted toge- tortæ, fig. 5. ther ſpirally, fig. 5. fig. 3. 0 0 puts The Meadow-Sweet has been juſtly celebrated for its fragrance and beauty, the agreeable odour which the whole plant, but more particularly the flowers, diffuſe, has recommended it for the purpoſe of ſcenting rooms, and purifying the air, by ſtrewing it on the floors; it is ſaid not to affect the head like other perfumes: the . leaves alſo, like thoſe of Burnet, impart an agreeable flavour to wine and other liquors. As an ornamental plant, it has long held a place in our gardens, not only in its wild ftate, but with variegated leaves and double flowers. It in its claim alſo for medicinal virtues, which, however, do not appear to be of the moſt powerful kind; the leaves are recommended as mildly aſtringent, and uſeful in Dyſenteries; the flowers are faid to be antiſpaſmodic and diuretic : their pleaſant ſmell, in which their virtue reſides, is foon diſlipated by keeping. It grows plentifully in wet meadows and by the fides of ponds and ditches, flowering from July to September. Horſes and kine are ſaid to refuſe it, ſheep to eat it, and goats to be particularly fond of it; as it forms a great part of the paſturage in ſome meadows, it is of confequence for the huſbandman more clearly to aſcertain whether horſes and cows refuſe the young foliage, and whether they reject the whole plant when made into hay, We have frequently obſerved fmall red tubercles on the leaves, which we have ſuppoſed to be occaſioned by ſome ſpecies of Cynips. Speran Ulmaria. ENTE re ROSA CANIN A. DOG ROSE. . ROSA Lin. Gen. Pl. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. urceolatus, quinquefidus, carnofus, collo coarctatus. Petala 5. Sem. plu- rima, hiſpida, calycis interiori lateri affixa. Raii Syn. ARBORES ET FRUTICES ROSA canina germinibus ovatis, pedunculifque glabris, caule petioliſque aculeatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 394. Sp. Pl. p. 704. Fl. Suec. n. 441. ROSA fpinis aduncis, foliis feptenis, calycibus tomentoſis, ſegmentis pinnatis et femipinnatis, tubis breviſſimis. Haller. Hift. n. 1101. ROSA canina. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 604. ROSA ſylveſtris vulgaris fiore odorato incarnato. Bauh. Pin. p. 483. ROSA fylveftris inodora f. canina. Park. p. 1017. ſylveſtris alba cum rubore folio glabro. I. B. II. p. 43. Raii Syn. p. 454. Cynolbatos et Cynorrhodon Officinarum. The common wild Briar or Dog's Roſe, the Hep-tree. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 220. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. P: 262. FRUTEX ſepedalis et ultra, aculeatus, fcandens, fer- A SHRUB fix feet or more in height, prickly, climb- penſve. ing or creeping CAULIS teres, viridis, feu purpureus, ramofus, acu- STALK round, green, or purple, branched and prickly, leatus, aculei validi, recurvi, juniores ruberrimi, prickles ſtrong, crooked back, the young ones fenefcentes cinerei. bright red, the old ones aſh-coloured. FOLIA alterna, pinnata, plerumque feptena, inodora, LEAVES alternate, pinnated, conſiſting for the moſt foliolis feffilibus, ovatis, acutis, ſerratis, ſu- part of ſeven folioli, which are fcentleſs, ovate, perne nitidis, inferne pallidioribus, inferiori- pointed, ferrated, the upper fide ſhining, the bus ſenſim minoribus, nervo medio fubtus lower fide paler, the lowermoſt ones gradually aculeato. ſmalleſt, the mid-rib prickly underneath. STIPULÆ denticulatæ, denticulis apice rubris, capi- STIPULÆ finely toothed, the teeth tipped with red, tatis. and terminated by a globule. FLORES terminales, bini feu terni, etiam ſeni, pedun- FLOWERS terminal, growing two or three, even culati, pedunculis teretibus, nudis. ſometimes fix together, ſtanding on foot- ſtalks, which are round and naked. CALYX: calycis foliola lanceolata, longe caudata, duo CALYX: the folioli lanceolate, and long-tailed, two of fimplicia, duo utrinque pinnata, pinnis later- them ſimple, two pinnated on each fide, the centibus, acutis, unum ab altero tantum latere pinnæ broadiſh and pointed, and one pinnated pinnatum, fig. 1. only on one ſide, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, obcordata, remotiuf- COROLLA: five Petals inverſely cordate, a little cula, carnea, ad bafin pallidiora. remote from each other, pale red, fainteſt towards the baſe. STAMINA: FILAMENTA plurima, lutea, ſetacea. An- STAMINA: FILAMENTS numerous, yellow, taper- THERÆ incumbentes, ovatæ, fig. 2. ing. ANTHERÆ incumbent, and ovate, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: GERMINA plurima, intra tubum calycis, PISTILLUM: GERMINA numerous, within the tube of fig. 3. oblonga, lanata. Stylı filiformes. the calyx, fig. 3. oblong and woolly. STYLES STIGMAT A plurima, arcte conniventia in capi- filiform. STIGMATA numerous, cloſely uni- tulum, fig. 3. ting and forming a little head, fig. 3. PERICARPIUM: BACCA ovalis, nitida, coccinea, uni- SEED-VESSEL: an oval, ſhining, ſcarlet Berry of locularis. one cavity. SEMINA plurima, luteſcentia, fubovata, lanata, apice SEEDS numerous, yellowiſh, ſomewhat ovate, woolly, barbata. bearded at top 66 66 We remember fomewhere to have ſeen an attempt to verſify the Genera Plantarum : ſhould ſuch a plan ever be ſeriouſly agitated, we might recommend the following lines, written perhaps before any true notion was enter- tained of genus or ſpecies, as expreſſive of the Roſe: Quinque fumus fratres, fub eodem tempore nati, 56 Bini barbati, bini fine crine creati, Quintus habet barbam, fed tantum dimidiatam." On examination it will appear, that this deſcription, however quaint, accords exactly with the calyx in moſt, it not all, the ſpecies of this genus. In ſome parts of Europe, particularly Auſtria and Carniola, the Roſes are much more numerous than with us; and appear to create difficulties in determining the ſpecies to which we are happily ſtrangers. Scopoli thus exclaims : “ Fungum et Rosam quiſque nofcit, fpecies vero genuinas utriuſque generis ne Botanici quidem confum- “ mati.” The preſent ſpecies, without ſome little attention, may however be miſtaken for the alba, eſpecially when its flowers are whiter than ordinary. The Dog Roſe is well known to produce the Hep, a fruit agreeable enough when ripe and mellowed by the froſt. Of theſe a conſerve is made, and kept in the ſhops, where it is more uſed as a vehicle for other medicines than for any virtue of its own. A very fingular mofly protuberance is often found on various parts of this Roſe, which is occaſioned by an inſect, the Cynips Rofæ of LINNÆUS. Formerly this ſubſtance, under the name Bedeguar, was uſed medicinally; but is now with much propriety rejected. Its lively bloſſoms decorate our hedges in the month of July. The fruit is late before it ripens. In the winter it is much fought after by many birds, eſpecially the Pheaſant. The water diſtilled from the wild Roſe is ſaid to be infinitely more fragrant than the common Roſe water. HALLER ſays of it, “ Fragrantia ejus olei omnia alia odoramenta ſuperat, ut inter regia dona fit.” , The ſtrong thorns with which this ſhrub is furniſhed make it valuable either for forming hedges of itſelf, or for planting with others of ſtronger growth. The beſt way of raiſing plants for this purpoſe will be from ſeeds. 294 3 Rosa canina, 337 Tormentilla officinalis 7. Sowerby del.et fculp. TORMENTILLA OFFICINALIS. TORMENTIL. TORMENTILLA Lin. Gen. Pl. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 8-fidus. Petala 4. Sem. fubrotunda, nuda, receptaculo parvo exſucco affixa. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HERBÆ SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERME. TORMENTILLA officinalis. TORMENTILLA erecta caule ere&iufculo, foliis feffilibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p.399. Sp. Pl.p.716. Fl. Suec. n. 459. FRAGRARIA tetrapetala, foliis caulinis feffilibus, quinatis. Haller. hiſt. n. 1117. . POTENTILLA Tormentilla erecta. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 620. TORMENTILLA ſylveſtris. Bauh. Pin. 326. TORMENTILLA Ger. emac. 992. vulgaris Parkinſ. 394. Raii Syn. p. 257 Tormentil, Septfoil. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 225. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 272. 5. au&t. 0 a RADIX craffa, tuberoſa, variæ magnitudinis et for- ROOT thick, and tuberous, various both in fize and mæ, extus fuſca, intus rubicunda. ſhape, externally brown, internally red. CAULES plures ex una radice, ſpithamæi et ultra, STALKS ſeveral from one root, a ſpan or more in procumbentes, teretes, filiformes, pilofi, in- length, procumbent, round, filiform, hairy, ferne fimplices, et fæpe nudi, ſuperne ramofi. below ſimple and often naked, above branched. FOLIA alterna, feflilia, amplexicauli-perfoliata, mul- LEAVES alternate, feflile, nearly perfoliate, on each tifida, utrinque parce pubeſcentia, fupra fa- ſide ſlightly pubeſcent, above of a deep green turate viridia, laciniis obverſe lanceolatis, colour, divided into many fegments, the ſeg- obtufis, fuperne latioribus, inciſis, patentibus, ments inverſely lanceolate, obtuſe, broadeſt tribus exterioribus duplo longioribus. above, ferrated on the edges, and ſpreading, the three outermoſt twice as long as the others. PEDUNCULI axillares, filiformes, elongati, uniflori, FLOWER-STALKS axillary, filiform, long, ſup- nudi, pilofi. porting one flower, naked, and hairy. FLORES primo cernui, poftea erecti. FLOWERS at firſt drooping, afterwards upright. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, octoparti- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, deeply di- : tum, pubeſcens, laciniis ovatis, acutis, pa- vided into eight ſegments, downy, the ſeg- tentibus, alternis minoribus, fig. 1. ments ovate, pointed, alternately leaft, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, lutea, obcordata, & COROLLA: four Petals, of a yellow colour, in- plana, patentia, unguibus calyci inferta, verſely heart-ſhaped, flat, ſpreading, inſerted fig. 2. by the claws into the calyx, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA fedecim circiter, calyci STAMINÁ: about fixteen FILAMENTS, inſerted into inſerta, corolla breviora; ANTHER Æ fim- th calyx, ſhorter than the corolla; An- plices, luteæ, fig. 3. THER £ fimple and yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina octo circiter, glabra, fub- PISTILLUM: GerminA about eight, ſmooth, round- rotunda, in capitulum conniventia, fig. 4. ilh, forming a little head, fig. 4. STYLES fi- Styli filiformes, longitudine ftaminum, la- o liform, the length of the ſtamina, inſerted teri germinis inſerti; STIGMATA obtuſa, fig. into the ſide of the germen; STIGMA blunt, fig. 5. magnified. RECEPTACULUM villoſum. RECEPTACLE villous. SEMINA tot quot germina, oblongiuſcula, obtuſa, SEEDS as numerous as the germina, rather oblong, glabra, nuda, lutefcentia, fig. 6. obtufe, ſmooth, naked, and yellowiſh, fig. 6. Tormentil is a plant of confiderable importance in rural economy and medicine. The roots are uſed in moſt of the Weſtern Illes, and in the Orkneys, for tanning of leather; in which intention they are proved, by fome late experiments, to be ſuperior even to the oak-bark. They are firſt of all boiled in water, and the leather afterwards ſteeped in the cold liquor. In the iſlands of Tirey and Col the inhabitants have deſtroyed ſo much ground by digging them up, that they have lately been prohibited the uſe of them. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 272. Conſidered medicinally, Tormentil root is a ſtrong and almoſt flavourleſs aftringent, and gives out its aftringency both to water and rectified ſpirit, moſt perfectly to the latter: the watery decoction, of a tranf- parent browniſh-red colour whilft hot, becomes turbid in cooling like that of the Peruvian bark, and depoſits a portion of refinous matter: the ſpirituous tincture, of a brighter reddiſh colour, retains its pellucidity. The extracts obtained by inſpiflation, are intenſely ftyptic, the fpirituous moſt fo. It is generally given in decoction: an ounce and a half of the powdered root may be boiled in three pints of water to a quart, adding, towards the end of the boiling, a drachm of cinnamon : of the ſtrained liquor, ſweetened with an ounce of any agreeable ſyrup, two ounces or more may be taken four or five times a day. We are by no means fond of changing the Linnæan names, but on the preſent occafion we are, in ſome degree, compelled to it, from the great inconvenience we have experienced in calling a plant eretta, which with us is always procumbent, unleſs drawn up by ſurrounding herbage, or by growing in woods, where it more rarely occurs. Its moſt uſual place of growth is on heaths, moors, and mountainous paſtures, where it is extremely common, and flowers from June to September. LINNÆUS appears to have been induced to call this plant erecta, by way of contraſt to the Tormentilla reptans, which he enumerates as a ſpecies: ſuch a plant is certainly figured and deſcribed by ſeveral Engliſh Botaniſts, but we never yet ſaw any ſpecies of Tormentil with a creeping ſtalk; we have obſerved the common Tormentil vary much in fize, in the length of its branches, and in the number and ſize of its petals, we have noticed the leaves ſometimes to have foot-ſtalks, and we have for ſeveral years cultivated a large variety of this plant, which from one root has extended its ſtalks nearly a yard every way, and though they have lain cloſe to the ground, on a moiſt foil, we never could perceive the leaſt tendency in them to throw out roots at the joints ; hence we are induced to conclude, that no other than one ſpecies of Tormentil exiſts. As the Tormentil varies with five petals, fo the Potentilla reptans has ſometimes only four, and, perhaps, a ſtarved fpecimen of the latter, originally gave riſe to the Tormentilla reptans. This occafional variation in the number of the petals, &c. at once deſtroys the generic character of the Tormentil ; for, add one-fifth part more of the fructification to thoſe which already exiſt in the Tormentilla, and you make a Potentilla of it; or, vice verſa, take one fifth-part of the fructification from a Potentilla, and it becomes a Tormentilla ; they ought furely then to form but one genus : SCOPOLI unites them, face- tioufly remarking, Monoculum Hominem ab humano genere quis feparabit : Haller joins the Potentilla, Tormentilla, Fragraria, and Sibbaldia, in one family. a a ITO ATITUEM SOT SAIS TO A AL TOOLS hoy laredom ZICE UA ALLO UNG bon 21 ALEXIAO hogo citudin DORO Dus MUUDATION Cando siebtuigold its op jou AVM balbutt dolg olls bu Sibeba sidebolo nase loot ortodont ni bolu 916 2100TORT lodhovora 98 od Sorbus 1 de deur ol baroul va 20 tiba babinos) Follonicl bisex bos 19107 of risod rongitis dir to for fi tuoioa bat-inwonder i old Boots or baina etsiyasida lot 97 obrog sto si riba i botas builtod ni lo bro borib Tooted out to owqualsey's vas to ob to e ora zaindo lo brol ont on vd 1897 vono molto bolismo Si se bood to bottled when we 20 TOME Pomune di sistemului boom altsarto wory 1o grlo lile om do most oft brico Toto og Tove 10 role ils or blood ved 276995 silent movil d bodlab bobo 2556Toot doit non are bevido ao : samolo wind w to sit baie af ili dumt vist limon Les sole boisvilus coristoration old vsi od dgnort bayaw rows broughsont alat bante Borato mortsbidwal condo modo parabrist isolving blood 1950 boty a ali onemoto del Toro on sit bolsos Saior de gada bus wolno cemiterol edidos no oro 20 como to glit sa vingan sistorantial batea ods to toto po svorlieb no 16:53 staq oth to tedad a tolonos signorants voor dit stolt otsibost organo S10 TT strassos mon noussuil io stogasnost 30 om i to store las 93 in 101000 no audarot only elimo samo desde anio Hotel Songs of disease 2៤ . ជា TAH Wols glimalno saobos TaiOята MUMUHTY ATDH Utara for a broto ( to borde vahetus Sodoton ve Tatto his on Youtube wolle bruit dhate dogode bra ou até oloidale il choose Die bomo ole Woodwood ai botol Cistus HELIANTHEMUM. DWARF Cistus. CISTUS Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-phyllus ; foliolis duobus minoribus. Capſula. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HerBÆ PENTAPETALE VASCULIFERÆ. CISTUS Helianthemum ſuffruticoſus procumbens, ftipulis lanceolatis, foliis oblongis revolutis ſubpiloſis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. Sp. Pl. 744. Fl. Suec. n. 472. CISTUS foliis conjugatis, ellipticis, hirſutis, integerrimis, petiolis unifloris, fubhirſutis. Hall. Hift. 1033. CISTUS Helianthemum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 649. CHAMÆ CISTUS vulgaris flore luteo. Bauh. p. 465. . . HELIANTHEMUM Anglicum luteum. Ger. em. 1282. HELIANTHEMUM vulgare. Parkins. 656. Raii Syn. p. 341. Dwarf Ciftus, or little Sun-Flower, Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 233. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 281. Oeder Fl. Dan, 101. cundi. m RADIX perennis, ſublignoſa, fuſca. #ROOT perennial, ſomewhat woody and brown. CAULES plurimi, fuffruticofi, procumbentes, teretes, STALKS numerous, ſomewhat ihrubby, procumbent, inferne glabri, fuperne hirſutuli, fæpius rubi- round, below ſmooth, above ſlightly hairy, moſt commonly reddiſh. FOLIA oppofita, breviſſime petiolata, oblongo-ovata, LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on very ſhort foot-ſtalks, of acutiuſcula, marginibus ſubrevolutis, fuperne an oblong ovate ſhape, fomewhat pointed, the ſaturate viridia, ſcabriuſcula, ſubpilofa, pilis edges ſlightly rolled back, on the upper ſide of furcatis, inferne ſubtomentoſa, fig. 1. a deep green colour, roughiſh, and ſomewhat hairy, the hairs forked, on the under fide a little downy, fig. 1. STIPULÆ quaternæ, lanceolatæ, pilofæ. STIPULÆ growing four together, lanceolate, and hairy. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, perſiſtens, fo- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves and perma- liolis tribus fuperioribus ovatis, obtuſiuſculis, nent, the three uppermoſt ones ovate, bluntiſh, membranaceis, fubdiaphanis, æqualibus, con- membranous, ſomewhat tranſparent, equal, cavis, trinervibus, nervis coloratis, hirſutulis, concave, three-ribbed, the ribs coloured and duobus inferioribus minimis, lateralibus hir- hairy, the two lowermoft very ſmall, lateral, futis, fig. 2, 3. and hairy, fig. 2, 3. COROLLA; PETALA quinque obcórdata, flava, mar- COROLLA: five Petals inverſely heart-ſhaped, of a gine exteriore crenulata, fig. 4. yellow colour, the outer edge ſlightly notched, STAMINA: FILAMENTA numeroſa, capillaria, flava, STAMINA: FILAMENTs numerous, capillary, yellow, , , receptaculo fupra calycem inſerta. ANTHERÆ inſerted into the receptacle above the calyx. fubrotundæ, parvæ, flavæ, fig. 5. ANTHERÆ roundiſh, ſmall, and yellow, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMEN fubrotundum. Stylus lon- PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh. STYLE the length gitudine ftaminum, fuperne craffior, inferne of the ſtamina, thicker in its upper part, and læpius curvatus. STIGMA capitatum, planum, crooked below. STIGMA forming a little flat fig. 6. head, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA fubrotunda, calyce tecta, SEED-VESSEL: a roundiſh CAPSULE, covered with unilocularis, trivalvis, fig. 7. the calyx, of one cavity and three valves, fig. 7. SEMINA plurima, majuſcula, ovato-acuta, rufa, fig. 8. SEEDS numerous, rather large, ovate, pointed, and of a reddiſh brown colour, fig. 8. fig. 4. a a V Moſt of the plants of the Ciſtus tribe are highly eſteemed for their beauty, and generally cultivated in the gardens of the curious. Though our preſent ſpecies cannot vie with many of thoſe which are the produce of warmer climates, yet it is one of the moſt ornamental of our native plants, and admirably well calculated to decorate a rock or dry bank, eſpecially if its ſeveral varieties with white, roſe, and lemon-coloured flowers be intermixed. The particular merit of this plant is, that it is hardy, eaſily propagated, either by ſeeds or cuttings, and continues for the greateſt part of the ſummer to put forth daily a multitude of new bloſſoms. Mr. Lawson is ſaid by Mr. Ray to have found it producing white flowers. I have myſelf obſerved a wild variety LAWSON with pale yellow bloſſoms. A variety with double flowers is mentioned by HALLER, which, if it could be procured, would be a valuable acquiſition to our gardens. LINNÆUS has remarked, that the petals fometimes have an orange-coloured ſpot at their baſe; and the leaves have been obſerved to vary much in breadth. In chalky ſoils the Ciſtus Helianthemum is extremely common; but as that does not abound in the neighbourhood of London, it is conſequently ſcarce with us. On a cloſe examination of the hairs on the leaves we diſcovered them to be forked; a character which may, perhaps, contribute to diſtinguish it from the polifolia, to which it ſeems very nearly related. It fowers from June to Augufi. a a lo Cistus Helu clianthemum сн. 297 में Papaver dubium. OF 210 PAPAVER DUBIUM: LONG-SMOOTH-HEADED POPPY. PAPAVER Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 2-phyllus. Capſula i-locularis, fub ftigmate perfiftente poris dehiſcens. Raii Syn Gen. 22. HerBÆ VASCULIFERÆ FLORE TETRAPETALO ANOMALÆ. n PAPAVER dubium capſulis oblongis glabris, caule multifloro ſetis adpreſſis, foliis pinnatifidis incifis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 407. Sp. Pl. 726. Fl. Suec. 11. 467. PAPAVER foliis hiſpidis, pinnatis, pinnis lobatis, fructu ovato lævi. Haller. Hift. n. 1063. PAPAVER erraticum capite longiffimo glabro. Tourn. Inf. 238. PAPAVER laciniato folio, capitulo longiore glabro, feu Argemone capitulo longiore glabro. Mor. H. R. Bl. H. Ox. II. 279. S. III. t. 14. fig. It. Raii Syn. p. 309. Smooth-headed Baſtard- Poppy. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 231. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 280. . a This plant, in its general appearance, is ſo very fimilar to the Papaver Rhaas, as often to be overlooked and miſtaken for that ſpecies. Were the flowers white, as JACQuin informs us they conſtantly are in Auſtria, the two plants would be much more obviouſly diſtinguiſhed; but, fortunately, it has a few characters which always point it out to the attentive obſerver. Theſe are principally drawn from the Capſules and Flower-ſtalks ; the Capſules of the Rhæas are broad and ſhort, ſomewhat reſembling one-half of an egg cut tranſverſely: thoſe of the dubium are long and ſlender. Such is the general appearance of the two Capſules, which, however, are ſubject to conſiderable variation. In the Rhæas, the hairs on the Flower-ſtalk are ſtrong, rigid, and ſpread horizontally ; in the dubium they are finer, and preſſed upward cloſe to the ſtalk * On the young Flower-ſtalks they aſſume a thining, filvery- white appearance, which looks very beautiful. Below the Flower-ſtalks, on the other parts of the plant, the hairs ſpread out. In this laſt character we do not recollect to have ever been deceived. Beſides theſe, which are the principal differences, the ſtalks and leaves of the dubium are much paler : the flowers are alſo much ſmaller, and leſs intenſely red. Culture produces no alteration in the conſtancy of its characters. In Batterſea Fields, where the ſoil is light, the dubium is nearly as common, and as much of a weed, as the Rhaas; nor is it unfrequent on walls, in the environs of the Metropolis ; according to Mr. Lightfoot, it is the moſt common ſpecies in North Britain. In a corn field, betwixt Croydon and Shirley Common, we once noticed ſeveral ſpecimens of this poppy with very large Capſules, which, if we miſtake not, were diſeaſed. It flowers in June. * JACQyin's figure repreſents the hairs of the Flower-ſtalks reverſed, and the leaves too finely divided, PAPAVERARGEMONE. LONG PRICKLY-HEADEDPoppy. PAPAVER Lin. Gen. Pl. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. 4 petala. Cal. 2 phyllus. Capſula 1-locularis, fub ftigmate perſiſtente poris dehiſcens. Raii Syn. Gen. 22. HERBÆ VASCULIFERÆ, FLORE TETRAPETALO ANOMALÆ. PAPAVER Argemone capſulis clavatis hiſpidis, caule foliofo multifloro. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 407. Spec. Pl. 725. Fl. Suec. n. 466. PAPAVER foliis hiſpidis, pinnatis, pinnis lobatis, capitulis ellipticis, hiſpidis. Haller Hif. n. 1063. PAPAVER Argemone. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 636. Park. ARGEMONE capitulo longiore. C. Bauh. Pin, 172. Ger. emac. 273. 370. PAPAVER laciniato folio, capitulo hifpido longiore. Raii Syn. p. 308. Long rough-headed baſtard Poppy. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 230. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 279. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. CAULIS: ubi læte creſcit caules profert plures, pedales, STALK: where the plant grows luxuriantly, it puts et ultra, folioſos, adſcendentes, hirſutos, inter forth ſeveral leafy, hairy ſtalks, a foot or more fegetes vero caule folitario erecto ſæpius gaudet. in height, and bending upwards, but among corn it is moſt commonly found with a fingle upright ſtem. FOLIA radicalia plurima, longe petiolata, pinnata, LEAVES next the root numerous, ſtanding on long pinnis inciſo-dentatis, dentibus mucronatis, foot-ftalks, pinnated, the pinnæ deeply in- caulina tripartita, pinnatifida, omnibus pilofis, dented, the teeth terminating in a ſhort point, ſuperne ſaturate viridibus, nitidis, inferne pal- thoſe of the ſtalk deeply divided into three lidioribus. ſegments which are pinnatifid, all the leaves are hairy, on the upper ſide of a deep green colour, and ſhining, on the underfide paler. PEDUNCULI piloſi, pilis adpreffis. FLOWER-STALKS hairy, hairs preffed cloſe to the ſtalk. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM diphyllum, feu triphyllum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM compoſed of two or three deciduum, papillofo-hifpidum. leaves, deciduous, hiſpid, the hairs iſſuing from ſmall papillæ or prominent points. COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, miniata, ſuberecta, re- COROLLA: four Petals, of a ſcarlet colour, nearly motiufcula, obverſe ovata, apice crenulata, baſı upright, a little diſtant from each other, in- nigricantia, maxime caduca, fig. 1. verſely ovate, finely notched at top, and blackiſh at the baſe, fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA viginti circiter, purpurea, STAMINA: about twenty FILAMENTS, of a purple plana, apice dilatata, nitida. ANTHER Æ bre- colour, flat, dilated at top, and ſhining. An- viffime pedicellatæ, biloculares. POLLEN cæ- THERÆ ſtanding each on a very ſhort foot-ſtalk, ruleſcens, fig. 2. auct. fig. 3. having two cavities. POLLEN blueiſh, fig. 2. one of the ſtamina magnified, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen longitudine filamentorum, PISTILLUM: Germen the length of the filaments, clavatum, fubangulatum, hiſpidum, pilis ca- thickeſt at top, ſomewhat angular, hiſpid, the nis, adpreffis. STIGMATIS radii 3 ad 5 vil- hairs grey and preſſed to it. STIGMA com- loſi, cæruleſcentes, fig. 4. poſed of 3 to 5 villous rays, of a bluiſh colour, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA oblonga, clavata, ſubangu- SEED-VESSEL: an oblong, club-Shaped CAPSULE, lofa, hiſpida, inferne nudiuſcula, purpurafcens, ſomewhat angular, hiſpid, below for the moſt fig. 5. part naked, of a purpliſh colour, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, minuta, nigricantia, fig. 6, 7. SEEDS numerous, minute, and blackiſh, fig. 6, 7. This ſpecies of Poppy is diftinguiſhed by a variety of particulars beſides its long prickly heads, which, though not abſolutely neceſſary to diſcriminate the ſpecies, are well worthy of our attention. The diviſions of the leaves are finer than in any of the other poppies. The petals in general grow more upright; and, inſtead of having the edges falling over each other, are uſually a little diſtant. The ſtamina are very remarkable, having the filaments uncommonly dilated towards the top, not at the baſe, as HALLER afferts; and the Antheræ ſtand on a very flender foot-ſtalk placed on the top of each filament. Like moſt of the other poppies it uſually grows in corn fields, and is not very unfrequent in the neighbourhood of London. About the beginning of June it bloſſoms in Batterſea Fields; but is often overlooked from the extreme fugacity of its petals, which rarely continue expanded more than fix hours. 313 SA 3 Papaver . Argemone. Jowerby defa SNL OP АИАЯОАК октор о оси се OBICETTE OTTELU Отсутра, а простата Тір Otev DID Пои А отно Анод АТМ агуу ORIGANUM VULGARE. WILD MARJORAM. ORIGANUM. Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Strobilus tetragonus, fpicatus, calyces colligens. fig. 6. Raiz Synop. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBÆ VERTICILLATÆ. ORIGANUM vulgare fpicis fubrotundis paniculatis conglomeratis, bracteis calyce longioribus ovatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 452. Spec. Pl. p. 824. Fl. Suec. n. 534. ORIGANUM foliis ovatis, umbellis coloratis, ftaminibus exſertis. Haller hift. n. 233. , ORIGANUM vulgare. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 740. ORIGANUM ſylveſtre. Bauh. pin. 223. ORIGANUM anglicum. Ger. emac. 666. MAJORANA fylveftris. Park. 12. ORIGANUM vulgare ſpontaneum. Bauh. hiſt. III. 236. Raii Syn. 236. Wild Marjoram. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 262. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 317 0 o 0 0 RADIX perennis, repens, horizontalis, fuſca, pluri- ROOT perennial, creeping, horizontal, brown, , mis fibris capillata. tufted with numerous fibres. CAULIS pedalis, ad ſeſquipedalem, erectus, tetra- STALK, a foot or a foot and a half high, upright, gonus, purpurafcens, pubeſcens, ramofus. four cornered, purpliſh, downy, and branched. RAMI oppofiti, erecti, caule teneriores, in cæteris BRANCHES oppoſite, upright, more tender than conformes. the ſtalk, in other reſpects ſimilar. FOLIA ad genicula, oppofita, petiolata, ovata, acuta, LEAVES placed at the joints, oppofite, ftanding minutim et rariter dentata, fupra glabriuſ- on foot-ſtalks, ovate, pointed, finely and cula, fubtus pubefcentia, utrinque punctata, rarely toothed, above nearly ſmooth, be- margine minutim ciliata, patentia. neath downy, dotted on both ſides, the edge finely fringed, ſpreading. PETIOLI pubeſcentes. LEAF-STALKS downy. AXILLÆ foliorum in planta culta foliolis onuftæ. ALÆ of the leaves, in the cultivated plant, bearing numerous ſmall leaves. FLORES paniculati, panicula e fpicis plurimis, fub- FLOWERS forming a panicle, compoſed of numerous, rotundis, conglomeratis compoſita. roundiſh ſpikes, growing in cluſters. BRACTEÆ ovato-lanceolatæ, feffiles, concavæ, in- FLORAL-LEAVES ovato-lanceolate, feflile, con- tegræ, corollâ intenſius coloratæ, ad lentem cave, entire, more deeply coloured than the pubeſcentes, floribus ſubjectæ fingulæ, fig. 1. corolla, appearing downy when magnified, placed one under each flower, fig. 1. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum, CALYX A PERIANTHiUm of one leaf, tubular, ftriatum, fubpubeſcens, pedicellatum, longitu- ftriated, ſlightly downy, ſtanding on a ſhort dine fere braceæ, ore barbato, quinquefido, o foot-ſtalk, and almoſt the length of the floral- laciniis acutis, erectis, æqualibus, purpureis, leaf, the mouth bearded, divided into five, fig. 2. pointed, upright, equal, purple ſegments, fig. 2. COROLLA infundibuliformis, purpurea, tubus vil- COROLLA funnel-ſhaped, purple, the tube villous, lofus, ſenſim ſurſus ampliatus, calyce longior, gradually enlarged upwards, longer than limbus bilabiatus, labium ſuperius erectum, the calyx, the limb compoſed of two lips, bifidum, obtuſum, inferius trifidum, patens, the upper lip upright, bifid and obtufe, the obtufum, fig. 3. lower lip trifid, ſpreading and obtuſe, fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, purpurea, corol- STAMINA: four purple FILAMENTS, a little longer lâ paulo longiora, duobus inferioribus paulo than the corolla, the two lowermoft fome- longioribus; ANTHERÆ didymæ, faturatius what the longeſt; ANTHERÆ double, and coloratæ, fig. 4. more deeply coloured, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN quadripartitum; STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN divided into four parts. filiformis, corollâ longior; STIGMA bifidum, STYLE filiform, longer than the corolla ; acutum, revolutum, fig. 5. STIGMA bifid, pointed, and turned back, fig. 5. SEMINA quatuor, ovata, in finu calycis conni- SEEDS four, ovate, in the bottom of the calyx, ventis, which cloſes over them. 0 ; 0 This aromatic and ornamental plant, grows wild on dry chalky hills, and gravelly ground, in molt parts of Great Britain, though ſparingly in the vicinity of London. It flowers in July and Auguft. The leaves and flowery tops of Origanum have an agreeable aromatic ſmell, and a pungent taſte, warmer than that of the Garden Marjoram, and much reſembling Thyme; with which they appear to agree in medi- cinal virtue. Infuſions of them are ſometimes drank as tea, in weakneſs of the ſtomach, diſorders of the breaſt, for promoting perſpiration, and the fluid fecretions in general; they are ſometimes uſed alfo in nervine and antirheumatic baths; and the powder of the dried herb as an errhine. Difilled with water, they yield a moderate quantity of a very acrid and penetrating eſſential oil, ſmelling ſtrongly of the Origanum, but leſs agreeable than the herb itſelf: this oil is applied on a little cotton for ealing the pains of carious teeth; and ſometimes diluted and rubbed on the noftrils, or ſnuffed up the noſe, for attenuating and evacuating mucous humours. Lewis M. Med. p. 469. It dyes linen cloth of a reddiſh brown colour; for this purpoſe the linen is firſt macerated in alum water and dried; it is then ſoaked for two days in a decoction of the bark of the crab-tree; it is wrung out of this, boiled in a ley of aſhes, and then ſuffered to boil in the decoction. Haller hift. Helv. p. 102. According to LINNÆUS, it dyes woollen cloth alſo of a purple colour ; is fometimes uſed as a ſuccedaneum for tea, and added to beer to make it more quickly intoxicate, as likewiſe to prevent it from too quickly turning four. a а : Origanum vulgare. GNI Sie 293 3 5 7 Teucrium Scorodonia UNIL OF H. 3 TEUCRIUM SCORODONIA. SAGE-LEAVEDGERMANDER, or Wood SAGE. TEUCRIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Corolla labium fuperius (nullum) ultra bafin bipartitum, divaricatum ubi ſtamina. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBE VERTICILLATÆ. TEUCRIUM Scorodonia foliis cordatis ſerratis petiolatis, racemis lateralibus fecundis, caule erecto. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 440. Sp. Pl. 789. CHAMÆDRYS foliis cordatis productis, fpicis longiſſimis nudis heteromallis. Haller. Hift. n. 287. TEUCRIUM Scorodonia. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 721. SCORDIUM alterum five falvia agreſtis Bauh. Pin. 247. SCORODONIA five ſalvia agreſtis. Ger. em. 662. SCORODONIA Scordium alterum quibuſdam et falvia agreſtis. Park. 11. Raii Syn. 245. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 248. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 303. Fl. Dan. t. 485. RADIX perennis, lignoſa, ſubrepens. ROOT perennial, woody, and ſomewhat creeping. CAULES plures, ſesquipedales, bipedales et ultra, ſub- STALKS ſeveral, a foot and a half, two feet high, and erecti, tetragoni, duri, purpurei, hirſuti. more, nearly upright, four-cornered, hard, purple, and hairy. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, cordato-oblonga, plerumque LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, of an oblong obtufa, fæpe vero acutiuſcula, falviæ inftar heart-ſhape, generally obtufe, but often a little venofa, utrinque hirſutula, obtuſe et inæqua- pointed, veiny like tage, a little hairy on each liter ferrata. ſide, obtuſely and unequally ferrated. PETIOLI hirſuti. LEAF-STALKS hairy. FLORES ftraminei, racemofi, ſecundi, racemis op- FLOWERS ftraw-coloured, growing all one way, on pofitis, longis, nudis, terminali duplo fere long, oppofite, naked racemi, the terminal longiore. one of which is almoſt twice as long as the reſt. BRACTÆA ovato-acuminata, fingulo flori fubjeta. FLORAL-LEAF ovate, pointed, and placed under each flower. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, tubulofum, CALYX: a PeRIANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, on the inferne bafi gibbofum, labio fuperiore erecto, under fide gibbous at the baſe, the upper lip integro, aut obſolete trilobo ; inferiore quadri- upright, entire or faintly three-lobed; the dentato, dentibus fubæqualibus, fig. 1. lower lip furniſhed with four teeth, which are nearly equal, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens ; Tubus cylindraceus, COROLLA monopetalous and ringent; Tube cylindrical brevis ; Labium fuperius ultra bafin profunde and ſhort; upper Lip deeply divided beyond bipartitum, diftantibus ad latera laciniis; La- the baſe, ſegments ſtanding wide; lower Lis bium inferius patens, trifidum, laciniis laterali- ſpreading, trisd, lateral ſegments the fame bus figura labii ſuperioris, media maxima, fub- thape as the ſegments of the upper lip, the rotunda, fig. 2. middle one very large and roundith, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, quorum duo lon- STAMINA: four FILAMENTs, two of which are longer giora, purpurea, pilofa, primo erecta, conni- than the reſt, purple and hairy, at firſt upright, ventia, poftea reflexa, et disjuncta. ANTHER Æ and cloſing together, afterwards turned back, flavæ, fig. 3: and ſeparated. ANTHERE yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GerMEN quadripartitum. Stylus fili- PISTILLUM: GERMEN quadripartite. Style fili- formis. STIGMATA duo, tenuia, fig. 4. form. STIGMATA two, flender, fig. 4. SEMINA quatuor, fubrotunda, nigricantia, nitida, in SEEDS four, nearly round, blackiſh, ſhining, in the fundo calycis, pilis tranſverlis rigidis fere tecta, bottom of the calyx, almoſt covered with croſs ibique detenta, ad debitam maturitatem, fig. 5. rigid hairs, and kept there till they have ac- quired a proper degree of ripeneſs, fig. 5. The Wood-fage, or more properly ſage-leaved Germander, delights to grow in woody and hilly ſituations, among buſhes, and under hedges, where the foil is dry and ftony; and in ſuch places it is not only common with us, but frequent in moſt parts of Great Britain. It flowers in July, Auguft, and September. Its leaves much reſembles thoſe of Sage, from which circumſtance, and not from any botanical or medical affinity, it receives its name. As a medicinal plant, it has never been highly celebrated. Lewis omits it in his Materia Medica, but retains it in his Diſpenſatory : in ſmell, taſte, and medical virtues, he ſays, it comes nearer to Scordium than Sage. RUTTY relates a caſe of Vertigo, brought on by the odour which aroſe from frequently handling the herb in the diſtillation of it. He aſcribes to it the ſmell of the Hop, in lieu of which, he ſays, it may be fubſtituted in making beer; and that, when boiled in the wort, the beer ſooner becomes clear than when hops are made uſe of. Its virtues, in this reſpect, are highly extolled by the Rev. P. LAUREN'IS of Bury *. We have only to wiſh, that experiment may juſtify the encomiums of our learned and benevolent friend. Seeing ſo much fine ground under coſtly hops, which, it muſt be owned, had very large and verdant leaves, I “ could not but repine at the expence of foil, poles, dung, and labour, beftowed on this plant, efpecially when * there is great reaſon to fuppofe, that the Teucrium Scorodonia would better anſwer the purpoſe. Of this plant I " can fo far ſay, that in ſmell and taſte it reſembles Hops. The name by which it goes in fome authors is Ambrofia, “ a name announcing ſomething immortal and divine; and to this day, umbroiſe is the appellation by which it goes among the common people in the iſland of Jerſey. Here, when Cyder, the common beverage, has failed, i have known the people malt each his barley at home, and, inſtead of Hops uſe to very good purpoſe, the " Ambroiſe of their hedges. " It is my ardent with, I own, to ſee juſtice done to the neglected merits of this ambrofial plant; but ſhould “ indolence, prejudice, or private intereſt, obſtruct the introduction of it into uſe, let me at leaſt intreat brewers to " honour it with their notice, in preference to any unpalatable and unwholeſome fubftitute they may have occafion “ to uſe in lieu of Hops." * Vide Tour through Flanders, &c, publiſhed in the fourth qumber of Mr. Youse's Annals of Agriculture. a a солети оаолооелари одоо оло під ador хлын ХАА-адот за ана као и у нияти на 2 ANTIRRHINUM MINUS. THE LEAST TOAD-FLAX. ANTIRRHINUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Corolla baſis deorſum prominens, nectarifera. Capſula 2-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTŲ SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. ANTIRRHINUM minus foliis plerifque alternis lanceolatis obtuſis, caule ramofiffimo diffuſo. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 466. Sp. Pl. p. 852. Fl. Suec. p. 502. ANTIRRHINUM viſcidum foliis inferioribus conjugatis ellipticis obtufis hirſutis, calcare dimidii floris longitudine. Haller. Hift. n. 335. ANTIRRHINUM minus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 769. ANTIRRHINUM arvenſe minus. Bauh. pin. 212. ANTIRRHINUM minimum repens. Ger. emac. 549. ANTIRRHINUM ſylveſtre minimum. Parkins. 1334. LINARIA Antirrhinum dicta. Raii Syn. p. *283. The leaſt Calf's Snout or Snap-dragon. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 272. Oeder. Fl. Dan. t. 532. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. ROOT annual, ſimple, and fibrous. CAULIS erectus, fpithamæus, feu dodrantalis, ad baſin STALK upright, from five to nine inches in height, uſque ramofus, teres, ramis inferioribus oppo- branched down to the bottom, round, the fitis, fuperioribus alternis. lowermoſt branches oppofite, the uppermoſt alternate. FOLIA ut ut tota planta villoſa, ſubviſcoſa, inferiora op-LEAVES as well as the whole plant villous, and ſome- poſita, patentia, fubſpatulata, fuperiora al what viſcid, the lower ones oppoſite, ſpreading, terna, recurvata, lineari-lanceolata, obtuſa. ſomewhat ſpatula-ſhaped, the upper ones alter- nate, bent back, betwixt linear and lanceolate, the extremity obtufe. FLORES parvi, ſolitarii , alterni, pedunculati, pedun- FLOWERS ſmall, folitary, alternate, ſtanding on up- culis erectis. right foot-ſtalks. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinque-partitum, perſiſtens, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM deeply divided into five ſeg- laciniis linearibus, fubæqualibus, corolla bre- ments, which are linear, nearly equal, ſhorter vioribus, fig. 1. than the corolla and permanent, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, tubus ſuperne purpureus, in- COROLLA monopetalous, the tube on the upper fide ferne maculis duabus parallelis, purpureis no- purple, underneath marked with two parallel tatus, calcar breviſſimum fubulatum purpu- purple ſpots, ſpur very ſhort and tapering, of raſcens, labium fuperius bifidum, inferne albi- a purpliſh colour, the upper lip bifid, on the dum, inferius trifidum, album; palatum villo- underſide whitiſh, the lower trifid and white, fum, flaveſcens, fig. 2. the palate villous and yellowiſh, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, alba. ANTHERÆ STAMINA: "four white FILAMENTS. ANTHERÆ nigricantes. POLLEN album. blackiſh. POLLEN white. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, viſcidum, rufef- PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſomewhat ovate, viſcid, and of cens. STYLUS filiformis, fuperne purpureus. a reddiſh brown colour. Style filiform, on STIGMA ſimplex, album. the upper part purpliſh. STIGMA ſimple and white. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA ovata, apice dehiſcens. SEED-VESSEL, an ovate CAPSULE opening at top. Botaniſts have diſtinguiſhed this ſpecies by the names of minus and minimum, as being the moſt diminutive of the genus. It may alſo be conſidered as one of the leaſt ornamental. It is chiefly found in corn fields, eſpecially where the foil is fandy. We have occaſionally noticed it in Batterſea Fields with the Orontium; but in many parts of Kent it grows much more plentifully. We know of no uſe to which it is applicable; and it is too diminutive a plant to do much harm where it is moſt abundant. Introduced into the garden, it comes up annually without any care, nor is it eaſily loft. It branches and ſpreads according to the luxuriance of the ſoil, and frequently grows to a much greater ſize than our figure repreſents. It Rowers from June to Auguft. 290 * Antirrhinum minus SNIE 335 -10 6... 12 12 -8 Euphrasia officinalis. J. Sowerby del.et faul. RIV inn CH. M EUPHRASIA OFFICINALÍS. COMMON EYEBRIGHT. EUPHRASIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Cal. 4-fidus, cylindricus. Caps. 2-locularis, ovato-oblonga. Antherce inferiores altero lobo baſi ſpinoſa. Raiz Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. EUPHRASIA officinalis foliis ovatis lineatis argute dentatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 460. Sp. Pl. p. 481. Fl. Suec. n. 543. Haller hiſt. 303. EUPHRASIA officinalis. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 753. EUPHRASIA officinarum. Bauh. pin. 233 Ger. emac. 663. Parkinſ: 1329. Raii. Syn. p. . * 284. Eyebright, Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 268. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 323. $ RADIX annua, fibroſa, albida. O ROOT annual, fibrous, and whitiſh. CAULIS.bipollicaris ad palmarem et ultra, erectus, STALK from two to four inches high, or more, up- teres, pubeſcens, purpureus, plerumque ra- right, round, hoary, purple, for the moſt mofus. part branched. FOLIA oppofita, ovata, obtuſa, ferrato-dentata, den- LEAVES oppoſite, ovate, obtufe, ſerrated or indent- tibus acuminatis, fupra convexis, fubtus con- ed, teeth pointed, above convex, beneath cavis, minutim ciliatis, utrinque hirſutula, concave, finely edged with hairs, ſlightly fupra nitidula, lineata, fubtus venofa. hirſute on each ſide, above fomewhat glofly, with lines impreſſed, underneath veiny. RACEMUS terminalis, foliaceus, ereétus, floribus & RACEMUS terminal, leafy, upright, flowers in the axillaribus, oppofitis, feffilibus. alæ of the leaves, oppoſite and feffile. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, ovatum, an- CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, ovate, an- gulatum, perſiſtens, foliis paulo brevius, pu- gular, permanent, a little ſhorter than the befcens, quadrifidum, laciniis, lanceolatis, leaves, pubeſcent, divided into four fegments, acuminatis, erectis, ciliatis, fubæqualibus, which are lanceolate, long-pointed, upright, fig. 1. edged with hairs, and nearly equal, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, alba, ringens ; Tubus cylin- COROLLA monopetalous, white, ringent; Tube cy- dricus, albus, glaber, longitudine calycis, lindrical, white, ſmooth, the length of the fig. 2. Limbus bilabiatus ; Labium fuperius calyx, fig. 2. Limb two-lip'd ; upper Lip album, fubovatum, concavum, pubefcens, white, ſomewhate ovate, hollow, downy, -itriis cæruleſcentibus utrinque 3, intus pictum, painted on the inſide with three blueiſh obtuſum, erectum, bifidum, lobis emargina- ſtreaks on each fide, blunt, upright, bifid, tis, fig. 3; inferius ſuperiori paulo majus, tri- the lobes emarginate, fig. 3; the lower lip fidum, laciniis omnibus emarginatis, fig. 4. fomewhat larger than the upper, trifid, all Faux undique ftriata, et picta ſtriis cæruleſ- the fegments emarginate, fig. 4. Mouth Atri- centibus, antice vero colore luteo. ated all round, and painted with blueiſh ſtreaks, but anteriorly of a yellow colour. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, ſubulata, pur- STAMINA : four tapering, purpliſh FILAMENTS in- purafcentia, tubo inſerta, fig. 5. ANTHER Æ ſerted into the tube of the corolla, fig. 5. purpureæ, bilobæ, obtufæ, fubtus barbatæ, & ANTHER Æ purple, two-lob’d, obtufe, beard- conniventes, lobis fpinula terminatis, duabus ed underneath, cloſing together, the lobes inferioribus longioribus, fig. 6, 7, terminating in a ſpine, the two lowermoſt the longeſt, fig. 6, 7, PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, obtufum, barbatum, PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, obtufe, bearded, fig. fig. 8. Stylus filiformis, fuperne pubeſcens, 8. Style, filiform, downy, on the upper fig. 9. STIGMA obtuſum, integrum, fig. 10. part, fig. 9. STIGMA blunt, and entire, fig. 10. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA ovato-oblonga, com- SEED-VESSEL: an ovate, oblong, CAPSULE, flat- preſſa, obtuſa, mucronata, bilocularis, fig. 11. tened, obtuſe, with a ſhort point, of two ca- vities, fig. 11. SEMINA plurima, albida, ftriata, fig. 12. SEEDS ſeveral, whitiſh, and ſtriated, fig. 12. 0 Eyebright is a very common plant on heaths, and paſtures, eſpecially where the ſoil is chalky; it varies much in fize and in the branchedneſs of its ftalk, as well as in the colour and ſize of its bloſſoms, and flowers from July to September. Many writers on the Materia Medica, aſcribe to this plant wonderful efficacy in diſorders of the Eyes : ALSTON ſays, it has been long reckoned a ſpecific opthalmic, and commended for dim, weak, and watery eyes, for inflamed and fore eyes, for cataracts, &c. yea, it is ſaid to make old eyes become young again, and the blind to ſee. Milton, who moſt probably from his own misfortune, had been induced to look into books of this fort, thus mentions it: “ but to nobler fights “ Michael from Adam's eyes the film remov'd, " Which that falfe fruit that promis'd clearer fight “ Had bred; then purg'd with euphraſy and rue " The viſual nerve, for he had much to fee." On the other hand, there are not wanting thoſe who condemn its uſe, eſpecially in inflammatory com- plaints of the eyes ; a friend of Lobel's is ſaid nearly to have loſt his eyeſight by the uſe of it. In ſuch contrariety of ſentiment, it will, perhaps, be moſt prudent not to lay too much ſtreſs on fo doubtful a remedy. 12/ MOLTO AIRASHID shida 2 sont logo ATO TOA lotters BUMEDASI como MURETS:XYIAO mahabus toled bota OSO оороо sado WE drogol adroitsimi TITS Satel lo аттАЯ оттаи Т.Т.ТАО тата гая антиутня агер гана TO sind no longer cotto bolaning in UAS Gode the ilina olmundo oslog ebide illis angina be tudovat stel Song sil come no guh-bas alichage eine Vio show.com bator Tool ono to to test super -quads Explore door de bescort want to reme Elity to obi - ITA Si bus baie betro Torribanotas 219 og autora Ato JORD burg ins10 ET hallis - with a probam artista de carameester 2 8ool babe 18. stod tha se hagis madur siq dins to abused 2 dl biu od nobral to boostmodrtion and have to mnold, rinig eitt la Canon tetov bozban Od out abba KORTE bus total Sulton bas mon world RHINANTHUS CRISTA GALLI. YELLOW RATTLE. RHINANTHUS Lin, Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Cal. 4-fidus, ventricoſus. Capfxla 2-locularis, obtufa, comprefia. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPET ALO. RHINANTHUS Criſta Galli corollis labio ſuperiore compreſſo breviore. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 459. Sp. Pl. p. 840. Fl. Suec. 542. ALECTOROLOPHUS calycibus glabris. Haller. Hift. 313. MIMULUS Criſta Galli. Scopoli Fl. Carn, n. 751. PEDICULARIS pratenſis lutea vel Criſta Galli. Bauh. Pin. 163. CRISTA GALLI fæmina. I. B. III. 436. CRISTA GALLI. Ger. em. 1071. PEDICULARIS ſeu Criſta Galli lutea. Park. 713. Yellow Rattle or Cocks-comb. Raii Syn. * 284. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 268. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 322. a RADIX annua, fimplex, albida, parum fibroſa. *ROOT annual, ſimple, whitiſh, furniſhed with few fibres. CAULIS pedalis circiter, erectus, fimplex, feu ramofus, | STALK about a foot high, upright, ſimple or branched, quadrangulus, glaber, purpureo maculatus. , . ſquare, ſmooth, and ſpotted with purple. FOLIA oppofita, remotiuſcula, feffilia, cordato-lanceo- LEAVES oppoſite, rather remote from each other, lata, obtufiuſcula, venoſa, lævia, ſubtus tuber- feffile, lanceolate with a heart-ſhaped baſe, culis albidis pulchre reticulata, ſerrata, ferra- bluntiſh, veiny, ſmooth, underneath beauti- turis margine craffis et ſubinvolutis. fully reticulated with white tubercles, ſawed, the notches thick on the edge, and ſomewhat rolled back. BRACTEÆ oppofitæ, magnæ, foliis fimiles at bafi la- FLORAL-LEAVES oppoſite, large like the leaves, but tiores, et profundius inciſæ, ſerraturis acumi- broader at the baſe, and more deeply cut in, natis. the notches pointed. FLORES flavi, fpicati, pedunculis breviffimis inſidentes. FLOWERS yellow, growing in a ſpike, and fitting on very ſhort foot-ſtalks. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, fubrotundum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, roundiſh, in- inflatum, compreſſum, quadridentatum, den- flated, flattened, having four equal teeth, of a tibus equalibus, pallide virens, venofum, per- pale green colour, and permanent, fig. 1. ſiſtens, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens. Tubus ſubcylindra- COROLLA monopetalous, ringent. Tube ſomewhat ceus, longitudine calycis; labium fuperius ga- cylindrical, the length of the calyx; the up- leatum, compreſſum, emarginatum, margine per lip helmet-ſhaped, flattened, with a notch anteriori utrinque violaceo; labium inferius trifi- on the end, the anterior edge blueiſh on each dum, laciniis lateralibus planis, rugofis, inter- ſide, the lower lip trifid, the lateral fegments media majori, marginibus involutis, fig. 2. flat and wrinkled, the middle one largeſt, the edges rolled inward, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, longitudine labii STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, the length of the upper fuperioris, fub quo recondita, quorum duo lip, under which they lie hid, two of which breviora. ANTHERÆ incumbentes, hinc bi- are ſhorter than the others. ANTHERÆ in. fidæ, hirſuta, fig. 3. cumbent, at one end bifid, and hairy, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum, compreſſum, glabrum. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, flattened, ſmooth. STYLE Stylus filiformis, ftaminibus longior. STIGMA filiform, longer than the ſtamina. STIGMA obtuſum, inflexum, fig. 4. blunt, and bent downwards, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA orbiculata, mucronata, SEED-VESSEL: a round, flat CAPSule of two cavi- compreffa, bilocularis, bivalvis, fig. 7. ties and two valves, terminating in a ſhort point, fig. 7 SEMINA plurima, majuſcula, compreſſa, ſubreniformia, SEEDS ſeveral, rather large, flattened, ſomewhat kid- libera, fig. 8. ney-ſhaped and looſe, fig. 8. da The ſeeds of this plant, when ripe, rattle in the huſks, and hence its name. LINNÆUS in forms us, that this circumſtance guides the Swedih peaſant in mowing his graſs for hay. In the neighbourhood of London hay- making commences while this plant is in full bloom. It abounds in moſt of our paſtures, and Sowers early in June. Agriculturally conſidered, we may rank it with the uſeleſs plants. In the third edition of Ray's Synopſis, Dillenius, on the authority of Dr. RICHARDSON, adds another ſpecies, which he calls Pedicularis major anguſtifolia ,"amofiffima flore minore luteo, labello purpureo. Found near York, and alfo in Northumberland, This, however, is confidered by ſucceeding Botaniſts as a variety only, and is not found with us, 320 120 Rhenanthus (rista Galle GNE Or 297 گی 22 I. 13 11 10 the 7. ☆ Schrophularia aquatica. A H. IV SCHROPHULARIA AQUATICA. . WATER-FIGWORT, or WATER-BETONY. SCHROPHULARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Cal. quinquefidusCor. ſubgloboſa, refupinata. Capf. bilocularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBÆ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPETALO. SCHROPHULARIA aquatica foliis cordatis obtufis petiolatis decurrentibus, caule membranis angulato racemis terminalibus, Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 463. Sp. Pl. p. 864. SCHROPHULARIA caule alato quadrangulo paniculato, foliis ovato lanceolatis. Hall. Hift. 326. SCHROPHULARIA aquatica. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 776. SCHROPHULARIA aquatica major. Bauh. Pin. 235 BETONICA aquatica. Ger. emac. 715. BETONICA aquatica major. Parkinſon. 613. Raii Syn. 283. Water-Betony, but more truly Water- Figwort. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 275. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 329. RADIX perennis, craffa, fibris numeroſis, majuſculis, ROOT perennial, thick, furniſhed with numerous, longis, albis, donata. large, long, white fibres. CAULIS tripedalis, ad orgyalem, erectus, ramofus, STALK from three to fix feet in height, upright, lævis, quadrangularis, purpureus, angulis ala- branched, ſmooth, four-cornered, purple, the tis; rami folioſi, cauli fimiles. angles winged, branches leafy, like the ſtalk. FOLIA petiolata, oppofita, diſtantia, decurrentia, fub- LEAVES ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, oppoſite, remote from connata, cordato-oblonga, fubinde appendicu- each other, uniting in ſome degree at the baſe, lata, obtufa, venoſa, crenata, nuda. current, oblong heart-ſhaped, having ſome- times little appendages, obtuſe, veiny, crenated, and ſmooth. FLORES paniculato-fpicati, terminales. FLOWERS terminal, growing in a panicle-like ſpike. RAMI paniculæ oppoſiti, trichotomi, bracteâ lanceolata BRANCHES of the panicle oppoſite, trichotomous, fup- fuffulti, pedunculis lateralibus, multifloris, brac- ported by a pointed floral-leaf, flower-ſtalks tæatis, fubviſcidis, intermedio folitario. lateral, many-flowered, furnished with floral leaves, fomewhat viſcid, the middle one foli- tary. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinquefidum, CALYX : a PeriaNTHIUM of one leaf, divided into five perfiftens, laciniis corollâ brevioribus, rotun- ſegments and permanent, the ſegments ſhorter datis, membranâ fuſcà lacerà marginatis, fig. than the corolla, round and edged with a rag- ged brown membrane. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, inæqualis, atro-rubens. Tu COROLLA monopetalous, unequal, of a deep red co- bus globofus, magnus, inflatus, fig. 2. Limbus lour. Tube globular, large inflated. fig. 2. quinquepartitus, laciniis duabus majoribus ſub- Limb deeply divided into five ſegments, the erectis, rotundatis, fig. 3. cum intermedia ſqua- two uppermoſt of which are largeſt, fome- mula labrum parvum mentiente ſubjecta, fig. 4. what upright, and rounded, fig. 3. with an duabus lateralibus patulis, fig. 5. tertia mi- intermediate little ſcale like a ſmall lip placed nima fubinvoluta, fig. 6. underneath them, fig. 4. the two fide ones ſpreading, fig. 5. the third very minute and rolled up, fig. 6. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, alba, linearia, ſub- STAMINA: four white, linear, ſlightly viſcid FilA- vifcida, declinata, longitudine corollæ, quorum MENTS, inclining downwards, the length of duo ſeriora. ANTHERÆ didymæ, flavæ, fig. the corolla, two of which are later than the 7, 8. others. ANTHERÆ double and yellow, fig. 7, 8. PISTILLÚM: Germen ſubconicum, glandula nectari- PISTILLUM: Germen ſomewhat conical, ſupported fera cinctum, fig. 9, 10. Stylus fubulatus, . by a nectareous gland, fig. 9, 10. STYLE ta- apice ſubincurvatus, fig. 11. STIGMA obtuſum, pering, bending downwards a little at the top, flavum, fig. 12. fig. 11. Stigma blunt and yellow, fig. 12. . PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA ſubrotunda, acuminata, bi- SEED-VESSEL a roundiſh pointed CAPSULE, of two locularis, bivalvis, diffepimento e marginibus cavities and two valves, partition formed by the valvularum inflexis conſtructo, apice dehiſcens, edges of the valves turning in, opening at top. I. a fig. 13 SEMINA plurima parva, fuſca. SEEDS numerous, ſmall, and brown. RECEPTACULUM unum, fubrotundum in utrumque RECEPTACLE tingle, roundiſh, infinuating itſelf loculamentum ſe infinuans. into each cavity or cell. The name of Water-Betony (by which this plant is, perhaps, more generally better known than by its other name of Water-Figwort) has been aſſigned it from the great fimilitude which its leaves bear to thoſe of the Wood- Betony ; but as it differs from it totally in its fructification, and conſequently in its generic character, the latter name is certainly to be preferred. In its uſual itate of growth it has little to recommend it as an ornamental plant; but when variegated, few exceed it in beauty. In this ſtate it is not uncommon in the nurſeries about London. It grows naturally by the fides of rivers, ponds, and wet ditches ; and flowers from June to September. Medicinally the leaves of this ſpecies are recommended for the ſame purpoſes of thoſe of the Scrophularia nodoſa, to which they have by ſome been preferred : in taſte and ſmell they are fimilar, but weaker. Mr. MARCHANT reports, in the Memoires of the French Academy, that this plant is the ſame with the Iquetaia of the Brazilians, celebrated as a ſpecific corrector of the ill flavour of Sena. On his authority the Edinburgh College, in their a common infuſion of that drug, directed two-thirds its weight of the Water-figwort leaves to be joined; but as they have now diſcarded this ingredient, we may preſume that it was not found to be of much uſe. Lewis's Mat. Med. Ed. Aikin, p. 598. The diſagreeable ſmell which attends this plant when bruiſed makes it rejected by cattle in general; nevertheleſs, both its leaves and flowers are much reforted to by different kinds of infects. The Tenthredo Schrophularia Lin. feeds on its foliage, both in its caterpillar and perfect ſtate. The beautiful caterpillar of the Phalana Verbaſci feeds on this plant as well as on the Muilein. Both bees and waſps collect great quantities of honey from its flowers, and as theſe continue to be produced for a great length of time, it is one of thoſe plants which perhaps may be made to grow near bee-hives with advantage. АTІОдоо ad . hot MULTI ve ADMI ISADA sangat SE 21 2002 wo Da Ha W 3 Thlaspil campostie w . joulp THLASPI CAMPESTRE. CAMPESTRE. MITHRIDATE MITHRIDATE MUSTARD. THLASPI Lin. G:n. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. Silicula emarginata, obcordata, polyſperma: valvulis navicularibus, marginato-carinatis. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALÆ SILIQUOSE ET SILICỰLOS#. THLASPI campeſtre filiculis fubrotundis, foliis fagittatis dentatis, incanis. Lin. Sp. Pl. p. 902. Syft. Vegetab. p. 491. Fl. Suec. n. 575. NASTURTIUM foliis imis petiolatis ovatis, caulinis fagittatis dentatis. Haller. Hift. n. 509. THLASPI campeſtre. Scopoli Flor. Carn. n. 807. THLASPI arvenſe, Vaccariæ folio majus. Bauh. Pin. 106. THLASPI mithridaticum five vulgatiffimum Vaccariæ folio. Parkins. p. 835. P: THLASPI vulgatius. J. Bauh. II. p. 921. THLASPI vulgatiſfimum. Ger. em. p. 262. Raii Syn. 305. Mithridate Muſtard, Baſtard Creffes. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 281. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 341. 4 a RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. ROOT annual, ſimple, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis ad' ſeſquipedalem, erectus, teres, fub- STALK a foot or å foot and a half high, upright, angulofus, viliofus, fuperne tantum ramofus. round, very ſlightly angular, villous, branched at top only. FOLIA radicalia longe petiolata, oblongo ovata, ob- LEAVES next the root ſtanding on long foot-ſtalks, of tufa, fæpius fubintegra, interdum vero baſi an oblong ovate ſhape, for the moſt part nearly pinnatifida, cito marceſcentia, caulina ſagittata, entire, but ſometimes pinnatifid at the baſe, 1parfa, conferta, ſuberecta, villoſa, dentata, foon decaying, thoſe of the ſtalk arrow-ſhaped, amplexicaulia. placed irregularly, numerous, nearly upright, villous, toothed, and embracing the ſtalk. FLORES minimi, albi. FLOWERS very ſmall and white. RACEMI longi, erecti. RACEMI long and upright. PEDUNCULI teretes, villoſi, patentes, filiculis paulo FLOWER-STALKS round, villous and ſpreading, a longiores. little longer than the feed-pods. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, CALYX: a PerianTHIUM of four leaves, the leaflets obtufis, concavis, ad lentem ſubpilofis, mar- ovate, obtuſe, hollow, flightly hairy when ginibus et apicibus albidis, alternis paulo bre- magnified, the edges and tips whitiſh, the vioribus et anguſtioribus, fig. 1. alternate ones ſhorter and narrower than the others, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, alba, calyce paulo lon- COROLLA compoſed of four white PetAls, a little giora, limbo fubrotundo, ungue gracili, fig. 2. longer than the calyx, the limb roundiſh, and claw very ſlender, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, quorum duo paulo bre STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, of which two are ſhorter viora. ANTHERÆ flavæ, fig. 3. than the reft, fig. 3 PISTILLUM: Germen ovale, compreffum, emargi - PISTILLUM: Germen oval, flat, emarginate. Style natum. Stylus breviſſimus. STIGMA capi- very ſhort. STIGMA forming a little head, tatum, fig. 4. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: SILICULA ovata, obtufa, emarginata SEED-VESSEL: an ovate Pod, obtuſe, emarginate, difperma, inferne gibba, fuperne concava, fe- containing two feeds, underneath gibbous, minibus protuberantibus, fig. 5, 6. above concave, the ſeeds protuberating, fig. 5, 6. a The Thlafpi arvenſe filiquis latis of C. Baubine, and the preſent ſpecies, are the two whoſe ſeeds have been ſelected from this numerous genus for medicinal uſe. Theſe appear to have been uſed indiſcriminately; and ſometimes the feeds of the common Creſs (Lapidium ſativum) have been ſubſtituted for both. Their virtues appear to be pretty fimilar: Rutty prefers thoſe of the arvenje, as being the moſt active: they certainly have much more of the allia- ceous taſte than thoſe of the campeſtre. In the preſent practice they are rarely made uſe of any otherwiſe than as ingredients in the Venice Treacle and Mithridate, though ſome recommend them in different diſorders, preferably to the common Muſtard, with which they agree nearly in their pharmaceutic properties. Lewis, Mat. Med. p. 647. The preſent fpecies is not an unuſual inhabitant of corn-fields; nevertheleſs it is rather a ſcarce plant with us. We have noticed it in the greateſt plenty about Coomb Wood, near Kingſton. Dr. GOODENOUGH informs me, it is not uncommon in Gunnerſbury Lane, near Ealing. It flowers in June, and ripens its feeds in July and Auguſt, TEM Bode HATSUM ITIH W ΣΑ 2 Igania TSITATE to sio Love and to be So isto moglo do togral sugar 135. omiig tsol otpildo os ITALIE til 19712 ALIO dicitly in todas, TOO that toe ziet Adenir tot ow of and bit tot sta zutornist who rebaid be 01 i toti bassid browwobb Dor Demolition 2 -tricalcit set to start to som foot sth 10. 521 to belo od nid to forswold scraq 20 then mot - send mostomo son oth Hunt istriobni luotsv med io ile bu bedel . TICO 19 300 gaival TV ON CE emol door t.com See TOROS nggak ada se ៗ o 20 OZ 2T TINAT - both ជនសង្ស be inly to that 2 omlo SR bom bo id ti SINAPIS AL B A. WHITE MUSTARD. SINAPIS Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Cal. patens. Cor. ungues recti. Glandula inter ſtamina breviora et piſtillum, interque longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALÆ SILIQUOS Æ ET SILICULOSE. SINAPIS alba, filiquis hifpidis : roftro obliquo longiffimo enliformi. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 503- Sp. Pl. p. 933. Haller Hift. 466. SINAPIS alba. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 843. SINAPI apii foliis. Bauh. Pin. 99. : SINAPI album filiqua hirſuta, femine albo vel ruffo. I. B. II. 856. SINAPI fylveſtre minus ? Parkins. 8 30. Raii Syn. p. 295. White Muſtard. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 298. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 361. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa, albida. ROOT annual, ſimple, fibrous, and whitiſh. CAULIS ſeſquipedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, ramoſus, STALK a foot and a half to two feet high, upright, craſſiuſculus, ſtriatus, tener, fragilis, hirſutus, branched, ſomewhat clumſy, finely grooved, pilis numeroſis, rigidiuſculis, deorfum verfis. tender, brittle, and hirſute, the hairs nume- rous, ſtiffiſh, and turned downward. FOLIA petiolata, alterna, radicalia et pleraque caulina, LEAVES ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, alternate, thoſe next pallide virentia, venofa, utrinque hirſutula, the root and moſt of thoſe on the ſtalk pin- pinnis trium circiter parium, inferioribus mi- nated, of a pale green colour, veiny, flightly nimis, extima ſubtriloba, omnibus varie den- hirſute on both fides, compoſed of three or tatis. four pair of pinnæ, the lowermoſt of which are very ſmall, the terminal one often three- lobed, and all of them variouſly indented. FLORES lutei, terminales. FLOWERS yellow, and terminal. PEDUNCULI tetragono-ftriati. FLOWER-STALKS having four grooves or corners. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis paten- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, which are tibus, concavis, deciduis, lævibus, ſublineari- Spreading, concave, deciduous, ſmooth, fome- bus, apice obtufis, fig. 1, 2. what linear, and blunt at top, fig. 1, 2. COROLLA: PeTALA quatuor, ſubrotunda, plana, pa- COROLLA: four roundiſh Petals, flat, ſpreading, en- tentia, integra, unguibus erectis, linearibus, tire, claws upright, linear, ſcarcely the length longitudine vix calycis, fig. 3. of the calyx, fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, quorum duo breviora, STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, two of which are ſhorter vireſcentes, fubulatæ. ANTHER Æ luteæ, erectæ, than the reſt, of a greeniſh colour, and taper- fubfagittatæ, fig. 4. ing. ANTHERÆ yellow, upright, ſomewhat arrow-ſhaped, fig. 4. GLANDULÆ ut in pleriſque hujus generis, fig. 5. GLANDS as in moſt of this genus, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GERMen obovatum, ſubanguloſum, ad PISTILLUM: GERMEN inverſely ovate, ſlightly angu- lentem hiſpidum. Stylus ſubulatus, anceps, lar, hifpid when magnified. Style tapering, germine duplo fere longior, ſtaminibus paulo two-edged, almoſt twice the length of the brevior. STIGMA capitatum, fig. 6. germen, and a little ſhorter than the ſtamina. STIGMA forming a little head, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: SILIQUA hirſuta, ſubarticulata, ſub- SEED-VESSEL: a hairy Pod, fomewhat jointed, con- tetrafperma, roftro longiffimo enfiformi ter- taining about four ſeeds, terminated by a very minata, fig. 7, 8. long ſword-ſhaped beak, fig. 7, 8. SEMINA majuſcula, fuſca, fig. 9. SEEDS rather large and brown, fig. 9. . a In the corn-fields in Buckinghamſhire, eſpecially about High Wycomb, the Sinapis alba is as common, and as troubleſome a weed among the corn as the arvenſis: with us it is found more ſparingly. It is frequently met with on banks, and among the corn in Baterfea-fields, and well known to conſtitute a part of young fallading. RAY has been particularly happy in pointing out the ſtriking characters of the ſeveral ſpecies of Sinapis, which LINNÆUS has adopted. The ſeed-veſſels, either in their form, fize, or manner of growth, will always with certainty diſtinguiſh them; but as theſe plants may occur when they are not ſufficiently advanced to exhibit thoſe characters, it is neceſſary to call in others to our aſſiſtance: we may then, in addition to Linnæus's fpecific characters, obſerve, that the Sinapis alba is moſt obviouſly diſtinguiſhed from the nigra by having its ſtalk finely grcoved, and ſtrongly haired, and from the arvenfis, for which it is perhaps much more liable to be miſtaken, by having its leaves more divided or jagged as our figure expreffes. It flowers in June, and ripens its feeds in July. Sinapis alba. M 32/ Sinapis arvensis « 6 5 J. Sowerby del. et ſeulp. NIV OF MIO SIN APIS ARVENSIS. CHARLocк. SINAPIS Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA, Cal. patens. Cor. ungues recti. Glandula inter Itamina breviora et piſtillum, interque longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. HerBÆ TETRAPETALÆ SILIQUOSA ET SILICULOSæ. SINAPIS arvenſis filiquis multangulis torofo-turgidis lævibus roſtro ancipiti longioribus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 503. Sp. Plant. p. 933. Fl. Suec. 610. Haller. Hift. n. 467. SINAPIS arvenſis. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 842. RAPISTRUM flore luteo. Bauh. Pin. 95. RAPISTRUM arvorum. Ger. emac. 233. Parkinſ. 862. Raii Syn. 295. Charlock or Wild Muſtard. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 298. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 360. a RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa, rigida, albida. ROOT annual, ſimple, fibrous, rigid, and whitiſh. CAULIS pedalis, feſquipedalis, et ultra, ramofus, teres, STALK from one to a foot and a half high, upright, folidus, ſtriato-ſulcatus, hiſpidus, purpurafcens, branched, round, folid, ſtriated or grooved, ramis diffuſis. hiſpid, and purpliſh, the branches ſpreading wide. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, patentia, ſcabriuſcula, ve- LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, ſpreading, nofa, dentato-ferrata, ovato-lanceolata, fæpe roughiſh, veiny, indented or ferrated, ovato- integra, fæpius vero baſi ſinuata, raro pinnata. lanceolate, often entire, but moſt commonly jagged at the baſe, rarely pinnated. FLORES lutei, terminales, pedunculati. FLOWERS of a yellow colour, growing in heads, and ſtanding on flower-ſtalks. PEDUNCULI longitudine calycis; hifpiduli. FLOWER-STALKS the length of the calyx, flightly hifpid. CALYX: PeriANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis lineari- CALYX : a PeriANTHIUM of four leaves, the leaves bus, canaliculatis, patentibus, flavis, obtufis, linear, hollowed above, ſpreading, yellow, piloſis, fig. 1. blunt and hairy, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, lutea, obcordata, un- COROLLA: four PETALS of a yellow colour, in- guiculata, patentia, unguibus longitudine fere verſely heart-ſhaped, ſpreading, claws almoſt calycis, fig. 1, the length of the calyx, fig. 2. NECTARIA: Glandula quatuor ſaturate virides. NECTARIES: four Glands of a deep green colour. STAMINA: FILAMENTA fex, quorum duo breviora, STAMINA: fix FILAMENTs, two of which are ſhorter lutea, ſubulata. Antheræ concolores, in- than the reſt, yellow and tapering. ANTHERÆ cumbentes, primo fagittatæ, apicibus demum of the ſame colour, incumbent, firſt arrow- revolutis, fig. 3. ſhaped, tips finally rolling back, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen cylindraceum, longitudine fere PISTILLUM: Germen cylindrical, almoſt the length ſtyli, et paulo craffior, nunc læve, nunc hir- of the ſtyle, and a little thicker, ſometimes futulum. Stylus longitudine ſtaminum. ſmooth, ſometimes a little hairy. Style the STIGMA Capitatum, bilabiatum, fig. 4. length of the ſtamina. STIGMA forming a little head, divided into two lips, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : SILIQUA teres, vix angulofa, patens, SEED-VESSEL a round Pop, ſcarce perceptibly angu- lævis aut hirſuta, polyfperma, roftro brevi ſub- lar, ſpreading, ſmooth or hirſute, containing tetragono terminata, fig. 5, 6. many feeds, terminated by a ſhort ſomewhat four-cornered beak, fig. 5, 6. SEMINA plurima, minuta, nigricantia. SEEDS numerous, minute, and blackiſh. a . There are three plants peculiar to corn fields, which, in various parts of the kingdom, are more or leſs common, and all of which are apt indiſcriminately to be called CHARLOCK : theſe are the Sinapis arvenſis, Sinapis alba, and Raphanus Raphaniſtrum; the firſt and the laſt of which are by far the moſt general. The name of Charlock ought, however, to be confined to the Sinapis arvenſis, the moſt noxious weed of the three, and as ſuch moſt carefully to extirpated from among the corn. The leaves of this plant, on their firſt appearing above ground, and for ſome time afterwards, reſemble thoſe of the turnip ſo much, that we have known an intelligent farmer deceived by them, and miſtaken in his crop. The whole plant, when young, is often eaten by the labouring part of the community; and, like turnip- tops, is no bad ſubſtitute to other culinary plants in times of ſcarcity. June is the month in which the Charlock flowers moſt plentifully; but it may frequently be found in bloſſom earlier, as well as much later. It is not confined to corn fields, but is almoſt equally common among rubbiſh. It varies much in height, colour of its ſtalk, number of its branches, and degree of hairineſs. Among corn it grows taller, and is leſs branched. The ſtalk, in ſome ſituations, is wholly green ; but is more frequently purple at the joints, and very often wholly ſo. The feed-veffels alſo vary much in colour and hairineſs. We have not obſerved the flowers ſubject to any variation of colour. For the means of diſtinguiſhing it from the Raphanus Raphaniftrum, which at firſt ſight it conſiderably reſembles, vid. Rapbanus Raphaniflrum already figured. 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Sowerby del et foto IV. FI SISYMBRIUM IRIO. LONDON ROCKET. tubong houp cipal (33 og ASSISYMBRIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 1997 kolo Siliqua dehifcens, valvulis rectiuſculis. Calyx patens. Corolla patens. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALE SILIQUOSE ET SILICULOSÆ. SISYMBRIUM Irio foliis runcinatis dentatis nudis, caule lævi, filiquis erectis. Lin, Syt. Vegetab. p. 499 Sp. Pl. 921. Fl. Suec. n. 596. ERYSIMUM latifolium majus glabrum. Bauh. Pin. 101. IRIS lævis Apulus erucæ folio. Col. Ecphr. 1. 264. ERYSIMUM latifolium Neapolitanum. Park. 834. Raii Syn. p. 298. Smoother broad-leaved Hedge- . Muſtard. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 297. Jacquin, Fl. Auftr. tab. 322. Tota planta perpetuo glaberrima eft, nec ullum pilum The whole plant is always perfectly ſmooth, without aut villum habet, acre finapios fapore gaudens. any hair or down, having the biting taſte of muſtard. RADIX annua, albida, calami anſerini craffitie, fimplex, ROOT annual, whitiſh, the thickneſs of a gooſe-quill , quandoque ramoſa. ſimple, ſometimes branched. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, teres, hic illic pur- STALK from one to two feet high, round, here and purafcens, nitidus, firmus inferne, non ſtriatus, there purpliſh, ſhining, below rigid, not fæpius ab ipſa baſi ramofus. ftriated or grooved, often branched quite from the bottom. FOLIA radicalia, quæ brevi marceſcunt, et caulina ple- | LEAVES next the root, which foon wither, and moſt of raque, funt pinnatifida, finnata, inæqualiter thoſe on the ſtalk are pinnatifid, finuated, un- dentata aut ferrata, petiolata, patentia, flac- equally toothed or ſerrated, ſtanding on foot- cida, lobis ut plurimum acutis, extremo majore ſtalks, ſpreading and flaccid, the lobes for the et longiore, fumma haſtata, et quædam inte- moſt part pointed, the end one larger and gerrima ac fimplicia. longer, the uppermoſt leaves haſtate, ſome of them entire and ſimple. CORYMBI in racemos producuntur longiffimos, modo CORYMBI lengthened out into long racemi, ſometimes rectos, modo flaccidos. ſtrait, ſometimes flaccid. FLORES pufilli, flavi. FLOWERS ſmall and yellow, CALYX patens, flaveſcens, fig. 1. CALYX ſpreading and yellowiſh, fig. 1. PETALA obtuſa, et oblonga, ungues habent ſuberectos, PETALS obtufe, and oblong, having claws nearly up- fupra hos patentiflima, fig. 2. right, above which they ſpread widely, fig. 2. STAMINA et STYLUS etiam flaveſcunt, fig. 3, 4. STAMINA and the Style åre alſo of a yellowiſh colour, fig. 3, 4. SILIQUÆ graciles, fubteretes, ad femina torulofæ, et PODS flender, nearly round, about two inches long, biunciales, brevibus infiftunt pedunculis et ſtanding on thort foot-ſtalks, and ſpreading quaquavorſum laxe patent, fig. 5. looſely every way, feeds protubefant, fig. 5. SEMINA minuta, pallide flavent, fig. 6. SEEDS minute, of a pale yellow colour, fig. 6. The Siſymbrium Irio, though a ſcarce plant in many parts of Great Britain, is frequent enough in the neighbour- hood of London : we find it on dry banks, eſpecially ſuch as are made of road fand, walls, and among rubbiſh in uncultivated places. Its chief time of flowering is from July to September. Like many other annuals it is inconftant as to its particular place of growth. In favourable ſeaſons and ſituations it is capable of multiplying itſelf exceedingly from the great number of feed- veffels which it produces. The ſeeds are very ſmall, and protuberating a little through the valves of the feed-veffel give them the appearance of finely jointed pods; a character, which when preſent will readily diſtinguiſh this plant. Mr. Ray obſerved it at Faulkbourn in Eſſex, and on the walls of Berwick on the Tweed. That great naturaliſt remarks, that after the fire of London in the years 1767, 1768, it came up abundantly among the rubbish in the ruins. Morison, who lived at that period, was particularly ſtruck with fo fingular an appearance, and in his Preludia Botanica has a long dialogue on this very ſubject; in which, whatever laurels he may gain as a Botaniſt, few will think him entitled to any as a Philoſopher As the book, containing this curious dialogue, is in few hands, we flatter ourſelves a copy of it will not be unacceptable to many of our readers. * Botan. Secundo die Septembris, anno Domini, 1666, incepit incendium illud luctuoſum et ad triduum, aut quatriduum duravit. Nec ope humanâ (divinitùs evenit, quum non eft malum in civitate, quod non fecit “ Dominus) extingui poterat : nam Æolus apperto ventorum carcere (ut ita loquar) regnabat: per triduum aut " quatriduum illud. Poſt octomeftre fpatium, per rudera ducentorum jugerum, folo æquatatorum, mihi peram- “ bulanti verſus excambium vetus nunc. Antè illud tempus; Collegium Greſhamianum dictum tendenti, in veſtigiis, ædificiorum et tectorum, mihi tanta feſe objecit copia, Eryſimi illius, quod irio lævis Apulus alter * Fabio Columnæ dicitur : Et 'eôdem revertens, menfibus duobus poft hoc; adeò denſè pullulavit, ut falce quaſi Triticum, aut fecale demeti potuerit. Soc. Quid inde fequetur, unde proveniffe tantam copiam iftius Irionis? putas tu ; an à femine feu fatione ? Botan. Quid quæſo, te movet ad talem proponendam queſtionem, cum " ædificia omnia circa ædem Divi Pauli, et alibi paffim in meditullio celeberrimi Emporii Londini, à mille aut “ faltem centenis annis: Fuere conſtructa et tectis conſervata? Soc. Ergò tanta copia illius feminis, latebat in cellis “ et cavearum fundis, et foli et pluviæ expofita, fructicavit. Botan. Unum hoc addam: ego non fum Plinius, ut aliorum relatione mundo imponam; nec Mattheolus ut appingam ea quæ nunquam extitere : fed ut vis appertis « verbis : ex ti verbis nec Calamitratis: meum tibi dicam animum. Soc. Dicas quæſo? Betan. Nullum eſt ſemen plantæ, * quod producit (conſervatum quam diligentiffimè) poft decennium; perraro poft quinquennium: multò minùs poft centenos aliquet , et mille annos . Soc. Ergo aliquis femina iftius plantæ, per rudera fparfit. Boian. Non . . 66 credo imò, certo fcio tantam iſtius Irionis, ſeminis copiam non fuiffe in tota inſula Britanniâ, imo nec in Gallia : - dubito an in Germania et Italia ipfa; (cujus Neapolis eſt regnum, ubi frequenter creſcebat tempore Fab. Columnæ,) unquam floruit tanta iftius plantæ copia, ergò etiamfi ſeminatores fuiſſent (ex tuâ opinione, poſt hæc tibi à me audita) non poterat tanta copia iſtius individualis fpeciei, feminis; à tot Regnis fuppeditari. Soc. De hoc non 56 multùm nunc dubito: fed quid concludis, fis rationi conſentaneus. Unde provenit tanta copia iſtius Irionis, bc forte fponte. Sub idem tempus, ibidem vidiſti et obſervaſti multas alias plantas, pappeſcentes, imo gramineas aliaſque diverſarum claflīúm. Botan. Vidi et attentè obſervavi. Soc. Undè hæ aliæ venêre? Boian. A femine - volatili pappeſcenti quod poteſt (ut fupra clarè fatis docui) ad multa Milliaria, vento transferri, et in altum attolli ** et ubicunque ceciderit, germinat et fructificat. Soc. De pappefcentibus non dubito quod dicis , infuper Gramina, - denfè fatis proveniunt: in qualibet terra fi negligatur : quare non poteſt tuum Eryſimum, feu Irio lævis Apulus *6 alter in ruderibus Londinenſibus, fponte etiam provenire. Botan. Non eft par ratio inter Gramina et Eryſimum “ hoc: Quia Graminum femina ſparguntur paflim; eſt omnium vegetantium plantarum, in omnibus regionibus, “ frequentiffima et facilius fefe propagat. Soç. Eft planta tamen perfecta, ex ſupra dictis à te: ergò à femine, multi- 66 plicatur. Botan. Hoc ego femper credidi, et in hanc horam credo. Unum a te ſciſcitari velim, putafne hanc plantam, Irionem lævem Apulum Col. a quovis hortulano, aut incola hujus civitatis fatain, in ruderibus fuiffe. • Soc. Neminem hujus inſulæ primò tam curiofum, fecundò nec tantæ ejus plantæ feminis, copia inftru&tum * fuiffe, pro certo ratum et ſtatutum habeo. Quis tam ſtolidus aut malè feriatus homo, fi femina ad manum haberet (quod impoſſibile ſuprà demonftratum eft) ruderibus ducentorum jugerum terræ, ſolo æquatorum, committeret. Ergò cum nec à fatione, nec à ſemine, ad aliquot centenos annos in ruderibus latente, produci poterat ; hujus plantæ tanta copia. Unde concludere vis, tantam ipfius multitudinem proveniſſe. Botan. Certè ut ſupra dixi ex t6 ſale partim volatili, partim fixo, ſalpetro, ſulphure, et ex terra five calcoſa aut ruderoſa et aqua, mixtaque - materia, quocunque modo appelles, per me non ftabit. Neſcio quid mihi perſuaſum habere debeo, adhuc. • Probabile certè eft, hanc plantam tam copioſè proveniffe fponté; ut fupra dictum fuit. Sed hæc opinio apperit ** januam ad philofophraſtos contemplativos, qui indifferenter, credunt cujuſlibet generis plantas, arbores, frutices, " fuffruticefve, ex terra tanquam matrice, fponte fine femine provenire. Sed hæc opinio (ut mihi videtur) repugnat “ ſacræ fcripturæ, et rationi. Hæc per dialogum inter nos dixiffe, impræſentiarum, fat effe puto. Quod reitat de ** hac materia ; Sociis virtuoſis, Pariſienſibus, et Londinenſibus, viris nobiliffimis, clariflimis et doctiffimis (ex quorum of numero te effe fcio) diſcutienduin relinquo. Vale, mi do&iffime vir." ibt AO 66 &6 hond 5 DOL columbara ICO . de todo brood out but IT bocca slice SOLO ombor pup org co ditore ad lubes pool boot Sevisho on aina (10) to ob tots bagno chudobo il CSL u on obra letop co TE SISYMBRIUM TERRESTRE. ANNUALWATER-RADISH. SISYMBRIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOS A. Siliqua dehiſcens, valvulis rectiuſculis. Cal. patens. Corolla patens. Raii Syn. Gen. HERBÆ TETRAPET ALÆ SILIQUOS Æ ET SILICULOSÆ. SISYMBRIUM terreſtre radice annua, foliis pinnatifidis dentato-ferratis, filiquis fæcundis. RADIX annua, fibroſa, albida. ROOT annual, fibrous and whitiſh. CAULIS pedalis, ſeſquipedalis, et ultra, plerumque STALK a foot, a foot and a half, or more, in height, erectus, ramofus, fulcatus, lavis, viridis, feu generally upright, branched, grooved, ſmooth, purpurafcens. of a green or purpliſh colour. FOLIA omnia pinnatifida, Eryſimi officinalis quodam- LEAVES, all of them pinnatifid, fomewhat like thoſe modo fimilia, lævia, pinnis trium, quatuor, of Hedge-muſtard, ſmooth, the pinnæ conſiſt five ſex parium, cum impari, omnibus inæ- of three, four, or fix pair, with an odd one, qualiter dentato ferratis, extima prefertim in all of them unequally indented, the outermoſt inferioribus foliis rotundata; caulina femiam- eſpecially in the bottom leaves roundiſh, thoſe plexicaulia. of the ſtalk partly amplexicaule. FLORES minimi, lutei, femper foecundi. FLOWERS very ſmall, yellow, and always producing feed. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, which are obtufis, concavis, fuberectis, flaveſcentibus. ovate, obtufe, hollow, nearly upright, and yel- fig. 1. auct. lowiſh. fig. I. magn.. COROLLA ; PETALA quatuor, lutea, fæpius emargi- COROLLA: four Petals, of a yellow colour, gene- nata, vix longitudine calycis. fig. 2. rally nicked at the end, ſcarcely the length of the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, ſubæqualia, longitudine STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, nearly equal, the length piſtilli, flaveſcentia. ANTHERÆ luteæ, in- of the piſtillum, of a yellowiſh colour. AN- cumbentes. fig. 3. THERÆ yellow and incumbent. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum. Stylus breviffi- | PISTILLUM: Germen oblong. Style very ſhort. GERMEN STIGMA capitatum, villoſum. fig. 4. STIGMA forming a little head and villous. muis. fig. 4. 5, 6. a PERICARPIUM: SILIQUA teres, longitudine pedun- SEED-VESSEL a round Pod, the length of the flower- culi, furſum ſubarcuata, feminibus plurimis ſtalk, ſomewhat curved upward, turgid with haud æqualiter protuberantibus turgida. fig. numerous ſeeds which protuberate unequally. fig. 5, 6. SEMINA minima, fuſca, fig. 7. SEEDS very ſmall and brown. fig. 7. We have taken the name of terreſtre, which LINNÆUS applies to the third variety of his Sifymbrium amphibium, not ſo much from the certainty of its being the plant he intends, as from the propriety of its application to this fpecies, it being generally found in dryer ſituations than the true amphibium. Repeated oblervation and culture have thoroughly ſatisfied us that the preſent plant is a ſpecies perfectly diſtinct from the amphibium; and we ground our authority for conſidering it as ſuch on the following circumſtances. iſt, It is an annual, whereas the amphibium is not only a perennial, but has a creeping root. 2dly, It is a much ſmaller plant than the amphibium, feldom acquiring half its height. zdly, It is ſeldom or never found in the water, unleſs accidentally overflown. 4thly, Its foliage is very different, the radical leaves much reſembling thoſe of the Eryſimum officinale. And, laſtly, its feed-veffels are always turgid, and full of ſeeds, while thoſe of the amphibium are uſually abortive. As we can find no ſatisfactory account of this plant either in Ray, Hudson, LINNÆUS, Haller, or the numerous authors we have conſulted, we have omitted all ſynonyms, and contented ourſelves with giving it a new ſpecific character, chiefly intended to contraſt it with the ampbibium. In the courſe of our botanical reſearches we have had frequent occaſion to remark, that our moſt common plants are the leaſt known ; we ſeek with avidity ſuch as are rare and with difficulty acquired, and neglect thoſe that we daily tread under foot. The preſent plant affords an inſtance of this inattention, as it is a very common one in the environs of London, and found in the fame ſituations as the Rumex maritimus, on the edges of wet ditches, and on ground apt to be occaſionally overflown. We have obſerved it in Tothill-Fields, on the edge of a ditch by the road- fide leading from the Magdalen Hofpital to Lambeth Marſh, and in our garden it comes up ſpontaneouſly as a common weed. When this plant grows by itſelf, in a fituation tolerably dry, it grows quite erect, and quickly produces a conſiderable quantity of feeds. Should it happen to be overflown, which is frequently the caſe, it is then more procumbent, and will ſometimes take root at the joints, in which ſtate it appears to be the Sifymbrium paluſtre repens parvo flore of VAILLANT, at leaſt it accords in part. This ſpecies of Sifymbrium flowers in June, July, Auguſt, and September. It has a ſimilar taſte to moſt of the plants of the creſs kind, but is not very pungent. a a a 209 ㅔ​i 6 5 7 Sisymbrium nbrium terrestre. or ICH салата Гараан ITAMIOITTO MUMS А И AUS MAYOTTE MED MULACE setslog ATS 19 . TAUTS Onde EUM letten Home .30 +2 14 boot O PORTALS slaid by UND egiten my dom wol bus media on Al Kort incline out omga Ons botando bugun 76. tot Vos contido to enteg 2001 1o Beto bogedalota IOI olubb OD 0 udobno bovlo wolley Hub - cation Ainda dibang alit do not gondol bovins VSV sodirogol sovinskog запітоліттуалня і : АИШАта -0% billing eludotATVENA SILA 26 Ows 10 Entrodotto -otd widbe on rooi rosid olla Started otro sis dois oidutasbro Did wrogol and tobogatajad 55 Cho GATOS - baupaisto VULETTE slado 101 be Rede Voor het ba Toldorei aborto somhed uwong to be Coleslaw Sodb Stowolt 1 buttono Foto doldurul bruogntog & shogida bag 10 be ERYSIMUM OFFICINALE. HEDGE MUSTARD. ERYSIMUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOS A. Siliqua columnaris, exacte tetraëdra, Cal. clauſus. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBÆ TETRAPETALA SILIQUOSÆ ET SILICULOSÆ. ERYSIMUM officinale filiquis fpicæ adpreffis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 499. Sp. Pl. p. 922. Fl. Suec. n. 598. ERYSIMUM foliis pinnatis, pinnis rectangulis, acutis, extrema triangulari maxima, filiquis adpreſſis. Haller. Hift. 878. SISYMBRIUM officinale. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 824. ERYSIMUM vulgare. Bauh. Pin. 100. ERYSIMUM Dioſcoridis Lobelio. Ger. em. 254 ERYSIMUM vulgare. Parkinſ. 833. ERUCA hirſuta filiqua caule appreffa Eryſimum dicta. Raii Syn. 298. Common Hedge-muſtard. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 286. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. P. 354. a RADIX annua, deſcendens, flexuoſa, fibrilloſa. ROOT annual, deſcending, crooked, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, teres, ſtriatus, STALK from one to two feet high, upright, round, pubeſcens, ſcaber, ramofus, fæpius purpu- finely grooved, beſet with numerous ſhort raſcens. rough hairs, branched, and for the moſt part purpliſh. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, utrinque parcius pubeſcentia, LEAVES alternate, ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, flightly fubtus fcabra, præcipue in coſta et nervis, pin- downy on each ſide, particularly on the mid- natifida, laciniis oppoſitis, oblongis, ſerrato- rib and nerves, pinnatifid, the ſegments oppo* dentatis, terminali majore, cum laciniis proxi- ſite, oblong, ſerrated or toothed, the end one mis confluente. largeſt, and connected with the next to it. RACEMI florum terminales, fubrotundi; fructuum fili- RACEMI of the flowers terminal, roundiſh; of the formes, elongati, nudi, pubeſcentes. fruit filiform, lengthened out, naked, and downy. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, pallidum, fo- CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, of a pale liolis lineari ovalibus, obtuſiuſculis, concavis, colour, linear-oval, bluntiſh, concave, and pubeſcentibus, fig. 1. downy, fig. 1. COROLLA cruciformis, tetrapetala, fordide luteſcens, COROLLA croſs-ſhaped, compoſed of four petals, of petalis cuneiformibus, obtufis, venuloſis, un- a dull yellow colour, wedge-ſhaped, obtuſe, guiculatis, calyce longioribus, fig. 4. veiny, clawed, longer than the calyx, fig. 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA ſex, ſubulata, pallida, co- STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, tapering, of a pale co- rollâ paulo breviora ; quorum duo adhuc bre- lour, a little ſhorter than the corolla; two of viora. ANTHERÆ cordatæ, acutæ, ſubre- which are ſhorter than the reſt. ANTHERÆ curvæ, fig. 2. heart-ſhaped, pointed, bent ſomewhat upward, fig. 2. NECTARIA: Glandula duæ utrinque ad ftamina bre- NECTARIES: two Glands one on each ſide, placed at viora. the baſe of the ſhorter ſtamina. PISTILLUM: GERMEN cylindricum, ſtriatum. STYLUS PISTILLUM: GERMEN cylindrical, ſtriated. Style brevis, pubeſcens. STIGMA orbiculatum, pla- ſhort, downy. STIGMATA round, flattih, niufculum, emarginatum, altitudine fere fta- emarginate, almoſt the height of the ſtamina, minum, fig. 3. SILIQUÆ cylindricæ, ftriatæ, virides aut purpureæ, PODS cylindrical , finely grooved, green or purple, pubefcentes, cauli adpreflæ, fig. 5, 6. downy and preſſed to the ſtalk, fig. 5, 6. SEMINA ſordide luteſcentia, utrinque oblique truncata, SEEDS of a dingy yellow colour, obliquely truncated at fig. 7. each end, fig. 7 The Eryſimum oficinale affords a remarkable inſtance of that diverſity of appearance which the ſame plant may aſſume at different periods of its growth. View it juſt as it comes into bloſſom, and afterwards, when its flowering branches ſhoot out horizontally to a great length, and you will ſcarcely believe that it is one and the ſame plant. It grows very commonly on dry banks, under walls, pales, and in waſte places; and flowers from June to September The leaves of Hedge Muſtard are ſaid to be attenuant, expectorant, and diuretic, and ſtand particularly recommended againſt chronical coughs and hoarſeneſs, whether humoural or occafioned by immoderate exertion of the voice. LoBel greatly commends for this purpoſe a compound fyrup, which, as GEOFFROY obſerves, is not ſuperior to a ſimple mixture of the expreſſed juice of the herb with honey; and indeed it is not very clear, whether the virtue of the honey is much improved by the Eryſimum. The herb has no fmell; and its taſte, at leaſt when moderately dried, is little other than herbaceous, with fomewhat of a flight faline impregnation. The feeds of Eryſimum are conſiderably pungent, and appear to be nearly of the fame quality with thoſe of muſtard, but weaker. Their acrimony, like that of muſtard-feed is extracted totally by water, and partially by rectified ſpirit, and ſtrongly impregnates water in diſtillation. Aikin's Ed. of Lewis's Mat. Med. p. 290. . p . fig. 3. Erysimum offurnale. Sowerb de cab SN M 6م هام ( 7 5 6 معها Lathyrus Aphaca. TV of I HO LATHYRUS APHACA. YELLOW VETCHLING. LATHYRUS Lin. Gen. Pl. Diadelphia DECANDRIA. Stylus planus, fupra villoſus, fuperne latior. Cal. lacinia fuperiores 2 breviores. Raii Syn. Gen. 23. HERBA FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSE. LATHYRUS Aphaca pedunculis unifloris, cirrhis aphyllis, ftipulis fagittato-cordatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 662. Sp. Pl. 1029. LATHYRUS aphyllos ftipulis ſagittatis latiſſimis. Haller hift. n. 442. LATHYRUS Aphaca. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 887. VICIA lutea foliis convolvuli minoris. Bauh. Pin. 345. APHACA Parkinſ. 1067. Ger. emac. 1250. Raiz Syn. ed. 3. p. 320. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 315. RADIX annua, fibroſa. O ROOT annual, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis, feſquipedalis, et ultra, debilis, ope STALK a foot, a foot and a half or more in height, cirrhorum ſcandens, tetragonus, lævis. weak, climbing by means of its tendrils, four-cornered, and ſmooth. FOLIA nulla. LEAVES none. STIPULÆ binæ, magnæ, fagittato-cordatæ, obtufæ, STIPULÆ growing in pairs, large, betwixt arrow utrinque prope baſın denticulo notatæ, and heart-Ihaped, obtufe, on each fide near glaucæ, fubtus nervolæ. the baſe furniſhed with a tooth, glaucous, and ribbed on the underſide. CIRRHUS fimplex, patens. TENDRIL ſimple and ſpreading, FLORES lutei, parvi, folitarii, pedunculati, axil- FLOWERS yellow, ſmall, folitary, growing on lares. footſtalks from the alæ of the leaves. PEDUNCULI foliis longiores, tetragoni, uniflori, FLOWER-STALKS longer than the leaves, four- bractæâ minimâ prope florem inſtructi. cornered, one-flowered, furniſhed near the flower with a minute bractæa or floral leaf. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinque CALYX : a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, deeply di- partitum, laciniis lanceolatis, fubæqualibus, vided into five ſegments, which are lanceo- nervofis, longitudine fere corollæ, fig. 1. late, nearly equal, ribbed, and almoſt the length of the corolla, fig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, Vexillum luteum, re- COROLLA papilionaceous, STANDARD yellow, re- flexum, intus lineis cæruleis ftriatum, fig. 2. flexed, ſtriped on the inſide with blue lines, ALÆ luteæ, fubrotundæ, longitudine carina, fig. 2. Wings yellow, nearly round, the hamis duobus inæqualibus, pallidioribus, length of the keel, claws two, unequal, fig: 3. Carina pallide ſulphurea, poftice paler, fig. 3. Keel of a pale ſulphur colour, filla, fig. 4. cloven behind, fig. 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem, fimplex, et novem STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, one ſingle, nine con- fidum, affurgentia, albida, ANTHER Æ fub- nected, riſing upwards, whitiſh ; ANTHERÆ rotunda, luteæ, fig. 5. roundiſh and yellow, fig. 5. PISTILLUM Germen oblongum, compreſſum, vi- PISTILLUM Germen oblong, flat, green, and ride, glabrum ; STYLUS furſum erectus, ſmooth, STYLE riſing upwards, upright, pallidior, fuperne latior, obtuſus; STIGMA paler, dilated above, obtufe ; STIGMA which a medietate ſtyli antice villofus, fig. 6. riſes from the middle of the ſtyle villous on its fore part, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: LEGUMEN unciale, latiuſculum, SEED-VESSEL: a Pop about an inch in length, compreſſum broadiſh, and flattened. SEMINA feptem octave, fubrotunda, nitida, SEEDS feven or eight, roundilh, and ſhining. 3 a We have here a very unuſual phenomenon in the vegetable economy, a plant whoſe ſtipulæ fupply the place of leaves, at leaſt when the plant becomes of a certain age; for, by a kind of accidental examination, we lately diſcovered that this ſpecies of Lathyrus, ſoon after it comes up from ſeed, is uſually furniſhed with one or more pair of leaves, ſimilar to the other plants of this family, but which, as the plant advances, totally diſappear; theſe are repreſented at fig. 7. A ſomewhat ſimilar appearance we noticed laſt ſummer at Mr. Malcolm's, Kennington, in a rare fpecies of Mimoſa, called verticillata, all the leaves of the young plants were pinnated, and all thoſe of the old plants whorled. LINN ÆUS, in his Species Plant, takes ſome notice of the Aphaca's producing leaves; his words are, Cirrhus interdum aliquis gerit foliola conjugata, 2, lanceolata, reliquis Lathyris fimillima at hoc rariſſime. According to our obſervation, the leaves grew on footſtalks in the uſual way, without any, or a very ſhort tendril, and they were obſervable on every ſeedling; hence we ſuſpect them to be common to this plant when young; and rare, merely from being overlooked. This ſpecies is an annual which grows ſpontaneouſly in our corn fields, but is not common in the neigh- bourhood of London ; we have obſerved it moſt frequently about Tottenham and Enfield. It flowers in June and July. No particular uſes or noxious qualities are aſcribed to it. You ADRIATA 4. -3 a 8 7 A partium Scoparium. N OF 3, SPARTIUM SCOPARIU M. COMMON BROOM. SPARTIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. Diadelphia DecANDRIA. Stigma longitudinale, fupra villofum. Filamenta germini adhærentia. Cal. deorfum productus. Raii Syn. ARBORES et FRUTICES. SPARTIUM Scoparium foliis ternatis ſolitariiſque ramis inermibus angulatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 644. Sp. Pl. p. 996. Fl. Suec. n. 633. SPARTIUM foliis inferioribus ternatis hirſutis, fuperioribus fimplicibus. Haller hift. n. 354. GENISTA anguloſa et ſcoparia. Bauh. pin. 395. GENISTA cum rapo. Dodon. Pempt. p. 761. Ger. emac. 1311. GENISTA vulgaris five ſcoparia. Park. Theat. p. 228. GENISTA anguloſa trifolia. I. B. I. 388. Raii Syn. p. 474. Common Broom. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p.310. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 382. Frutex tripedalis ad orgyalem et ultra, ramofiffimus; A Shrub from three to fix feet high or more, very ramis erectis, virgatis, viridibus, angulatis, much branched, the branches upright, flexilibus, junioribus pubeſcentibus twiggy, green, angular, flexible, the young ones downy. FOLIA fæpius ternata, fummis fubinde folitariis, LEAVES moſt commonly growing by threes, upper: foliolis ovatis, acutis, pubeſcentibus, ciliatis, moſt ones fometimes fingly, leaflets ovate, ciliis mollibus inflexis. acute, downy, edged with ſoft hairs bend ing inwards. PETIOLI pubeſcentes, complanati. LEAF-STALKS downy, flattened. FLORES lutei, maximi, laxe racemofi. FLOWERS yellow, very large, growing in looſe racemi. BRACTEÆ quatuor, obovatæ, inæquales, cruciatæ, BRACTEÆ four, inverſely ovate, unequal, croſs- obtulæ, ad bafin pedunculorum. ſhaped, obtuſe at the baſe of the flower-ſtalks. PEDUNCULI ſolitarii , fæpius bini, raro terni, teretes, FLOWER-STALKS fingle, oftener two, rarely three, glabri, ftipulâ minimâ utrinque inſtructi. round, ſmooth, furniſhed on each ſide with a very minute ſtipula. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, parvum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, ſmall, two- bilabiatum, fæpe purpureum, obſolete den- lipped, often purple, faintly toothed, ex- ticulatum, labiorum apicibus marcidis fuſcis, tremities of the lips withered and brown, fig. 1. fig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, pentapetala, Vexillum ob- COROLLA papilionaceous, pentapetalous, Standard cordatum, reflexum, maximum, fig. 2. Alæ inverſely heart-ſhaped, reflexed, very large, longitudine carinæ, fubovales, breviter pe- fig. 2. Wings the length of the keel, fome- tiolatæ, fig. 3. Carina ampla et profunda, what oval, on ſhort footſtalks, fig. 3. Keel obtuſe roſtrata, fig. 4. dipetala, aut in duas large and deep, beak blunt, fig. 4. compoſed partes facile feparabilis, margine carinali of two petals, or at leaſt eaſily ſeparated into villis connexo. two parts, the edges being connected toge- ther at the keel with ſoft hairs. STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem, inferne in unum STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, below united into one corpus coalita (hinc decandria non diadel- body (hence of the claſs decandria rather phia) afſurgentes, inferioribus longioribus; than diadelphia) riſing upwards, the lower- ANTHERE oblongæ, crocæ, fig. 5. moſt ones longeft; ANTHERE oblong, faffron-coloured, fig: 5. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, hirſutum; Sty- PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblong, hirſute ; STYLE LUS fubulatus, affurgens, demum fpiraliter tapering, riſing upward, finally bent fpirally, involutus ad apicem inferne canaliculatus, ſo as to form ſomewhat more than a circle, Stigma terminale, minimum, capitatum, near the tip hollowed below; STIGMA ter- fig. 6. auét. fig. 7 minal, very ſmall, and forming a little head, fig. 6. magnified, fg: 7: PERICARPIUM: Legumen latum, compreffum, ni- SEED-VESSEL a broad, flat, blackiſh Pod, edged gricans, marginibus pilis mollibus ciliatis, fig.8. with ſoft hairs, fig. 8. SEMINA plurima ad 20, minuta, ſubovata, luteſcen- SEEDS numerous to 20, ſmall, fomewhat ovate, tia, nitida, fig. 9. dingy yellow, gloffy, fig. 9. ; The common Engliſh Broom is one of the moſt ornamental ſhrubs we have, eſpecially that variety of it, in which the calyx is purple, and the bloffoms ſtrongly tinged with orange; but even in its common ſlate, fuch is the profufion of bloſſoms with which its branches are loaded in the ſummer, ſuch the charming verdure of its twigs in the winter ſeaſon, that it may be ſaid to vie with any of the foreign ones, and to be equally deſerving a place in all ornamental grounds. It grows naturally in dry, fandy, barren foils, bears tranſplanting badly, but is moſt readily raiſed from feed. It is not only in an ornamental point of view, that this plant deſerves our notice, it claims our attention alſo as an uſeful plant in rural economy and medicine. Though not ſo commonly uſed for befoms as the common Heath and Birch, it is preferred for many purpoſes ; in the Northern parts of Great-Britain it is made uſe of for thatching cottages, corn and hay-ricks, alſo as a ſubſtitute for reeds in making fences or ſcreens; and we have been credibly informed, that in ſome parts of Scotland, where coals are ſcarce, whole fields are fown with its feeds to form fuel. Authors mention the flower-buds, juſt before they become yellow, as proper for pickling, in the manner of capers *; the branches, as capable of tanning leather t, and of being manufactured into coarſe cloth + the old wood, as furniſhing the cabinet-maker with the moſt beautiful materials for vaneering; and the tender branches, to be frequently mixed with hops for brewing $. : * Dodon, &c. + HALLER 1 Ibid. Ś LICHTFOOT, Fl. Scot. The 66 66 The twigs, when bruiſed, ſmell diſagreeably; this may, perhaps, be one reaſon for their being generally rejected by cattle: the plant, however, affords nouriſhment to a great variety of inſects ; in particular, to the larvæ of ſeveral Phalænæ not deſcribed by LINNAUS. From the roots of this plant ſprings the Broom Rape, figured in a former number of this work. " The leaves and ſtalks of broom have a nauſeous bitter tafte, which they give out by infuſion, both to water and rectified ſpirit; and which, on gently infpiffating the filtred liquors, remains concentrated in the “ extracts: the watery tin&ture is of a yellowiſh green or browniſh, the ſpirituous of a dark green colour. They are accounted laxative, aperient, and diuretic; and in this intention have been often uſed by the common people in dropſies and other ferous diſorders. Dr. Mead relates a caſe of an hydropic perſon, who, after the paracentefis had been thrice performed, and fundry purgatives and diuretics had been tried “ without relief, was perfectly cured, by taking, every morning and evening, half a pint of a decoction of green broom tops, with a ſpoonful of whole muſtard ſeed: by this medicine, the thirſt was abated, the “ belly looſened, and the urinary diſcharge increaſed to the quantity of at leaſt five or fix pints a day. * Infuſions of the aſhes of the plant in acidulous wines, have likewiſe been employed in the ſame intention, ** " and often with good ſucceſs. The virtue of this medicine does not depend, as ſome have ſuppoſed, on “ any of the peculiar qualities of the broom remaining in the aſhes, but on the alkaline ſalt and earth, which « are the ſame in the aſhes of broom as in thoſe of other vegetables, combined, wholly or in part, with the vinous acid. A ſolution even of the pure earthy part of vegetable aſhes, made in vegetable acids, proves “ notably purgative and diuretic. "s Of the feeds and flowers, the medicinal qualities are not well known. It is ſaid, that the ſeeds, in 66 doſes of a dram and a half in ſubſtance, and five or fix drams in decoction or infuſion, prove purgative or “ emetic. Some report that the flowers alſo operate in the ſame manner; but Lobel aſſures us, from his own obſervation, that they have been taken in quantity without producing any ſuch effect: and I have • known infuſions of the flowery tops drank freely in ſome aſthmatic caſes, without any other ſenſible operation " than a falutary increaſe of urine and expectoration. The feeds, ſlightly roaſted, are uſed in ſome places as 66 coffee.” Lewis's Mater. Med. p. 318. . A variety of this plant, much more hoary than common, is accidentally met with; the moſt uſual time of its flowering with us, is about the latter end of May or beginning of June. Thomson, whoſe obſerving eye rarely ſuffered any of the beauties of nature to eſcape him, has noticed the flowering of this ſhrub in the following paſſage, in which he deſcribes the effect which the genial warmth of the ſeaſon produces on the various animals : 66 While thus the gentle tenants of the ſhade Indulge their purer loves, the rougher world 6 Of brutes below ruſh furious into flame “ And fierce deſire. Thro' all his luſty veins “ The bull deep-ſcorch'd, the raging paſſion feels ; doo R “ Of paſture fick, and negligent of food, $6 Scarce feen, he wades among the yellow broom, a a 06 De uslovne talento MISSA TRIFOLIUM PROCUMBENS. PROCUMBENT TREFOIL, TRIFOLIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Flores ſubcapitati. Legumen vix calyce longius, non dehiſcens, deciduum. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERBÆ FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSE. TRIFOLIUM procumbens ſpicis ovalibus imbricatis: vexillis deflexis perſiſtentibus, caulibus procumben- tibus. Linnæi Syft. Veg. p. 574. Sp. Pl 1088. Fl. Suec. n. 673. TRIFOLIUM fpicis ftrepentibus paucifloris, caulibus erectis. Haller bift. 364. TRIFOLIUM luteum flore lupulino minus. I. B. II. 381. TRIFOLIUM lupulinum alteruin minus. Raii Syn. p. 330. a. 17. The leffer Hop-Trefoil. Hudſon, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 328. Lightfoot Flor. Scot. p.409. RADIX annua, fibroſa. ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULES plures, ſpithamæi, pedales et ultra, teretes, STALKS ſeveral, a ſpan, or even a foot or more in duriuſculi, pilis adpreſlis pubeſcentes, præfer- length, round, hardish, downy, with hairs tim ad extremitates, purpurei, procumbentes, prefied cloſe to the ſtalk, particularly at the ramofi. extremities, purple, procumbent, and branched. FOLIA terna, petiolata, remota, inferiora obcordata, LEAVES growing three together, remotely, ſtanding on ſuperiora obovata, plerumque emarginata, ad foot-ſtalks, the lowermoſt obcordate, the upper- apicem argute ferrata, plerumque lævia, venis moſt obovate, for the moſt part emarginate, rectis, fimplicibus, utrinque impreffis. towards the top finely ferrated, commonly ſmooth, the veins ſtraight, unbranched, im- preffed on each fide of the leaf. PETIOLI breves, longitudine ftipularum. LEAF-STALKS ſhort, the length of the ftipulæ. STIPULÆ binæ, ovatæ, acutæ, quinquenerves, ad STIPULÆ growing in pairs, ovate, pointed, five-ribbed, margines pilofæ, bafi amplexicaules. edged with hairs, and at the baſe embracing the ſtalk. PEDUNCULI unciales circiter, pubeſcentes. FLOWER-STALKS about an inch in length and downy. SPICÆ ſubrotundæ, multiflora (raro infra octo, aut SPIKES roundiſh, many flowered, flowers feldom fewer ultra viginti) laxius imbricatæ. than eight or more than twenty, looſely im- bricated. FLORES parvi, lutei, pedicellis breviffimis, inſidentes. FLOWERS ſmall and yellow, fitting on very ſhort foot-ſtalks. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquedentatum, perfiftens, CALYX: a PeriANTHIUM with five teeth, permanent, fubpilofum, dentibus tribus inferioribus lon- and ſomewhat hairy, the three lowermoſt gioribus, ſubulatis, fig. 1. longer than the reſt, and awl-ſhaped, fig. I. COROLLA papilionacea, perſiſtens, marceſcens, de- COROLLA papilionaceous, permanent, and withering, mum rufa, venis ſaturatioribus ftriata, fig. 2. finally becoming of a reddiſh brown colour, and ſtriped with veins of a deeper colour, fig. 2. PERICARPIUM: LEGUMEN ovatum, compreffum, mo- SEED-VESSEL an ovate, flat Pop, turning backward, noſpermum, deorſum reflexum, corollâ per- incloſed in the corolla, which continues, and fiftente inclufum, fig. 3. containing one feed, fig. 3. The Trifolium procumbens is often found larger, but more frequently much ſmaller, than the ſpecimen we have here figured. Wiren it grows luxuriantly it bears a near reſemblance to the agrarium already publiſhed: but in that 1pecies the ſpikes are not only much larger, but alſo much more cloſely imbricated, compared with the procumbens the agrarium may be conſidered with us at leaſt as a ſcarce plant; while that is found only in certain ſpots, the procumbens is met with every where, there being ſcarcely a dry, hilly paſture, or grafs plat, on which it may not be found. In its dwarf ſtate it comes very near to the filiforme figured in Ray's Synopſis, tab. 14. fig. 4. indeed it is very difficult to aſſign their reſpective limits; but both Mr. HUDSON and Mr. LIGHTFOOT agree in making the filiforme a diſtinct fpecies; and the latter afſures us, that culture proves them to be ſpecifically different. All the Trefoils are conſidered as affording excellent paſturage and fodder for cattle. The preſent ſpecies is, perhaps, not inferior to any of them in theſe reſpects; but the quantity it affords is ſo trifling, that it can ſcarcely be thought worth cultivating, eſpecially as it is only an annual. It flowers during the greateſt part of the ſummer. HALLER deſcribes it as growing upright, which it never does with us, unleſs drawn up by ſurrounding herbage. 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VICIA foliis lanceolatis ſericeis, racemis multifloris reflexis, ftipulis integerrimis. Haller. Hift. n. 424. VICIA Cracca. Scopoli Fl. Carn. 7. 899. VICIA multiflora. Bauh. Pin. 345. VICIA multiflora feu fpicata. Park. 1072. CRACCA. Riv. Tetr. 49. Raii Syn. p. 322. Tufted Vetches. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p. 317. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 394 RADIX perennis, repens, ROOT perennial and creeping. CAULIS bipedalis, tripedalis et ultra, pro ratione loci, STALK two, three feet or more in height, according to ſcandens, angulofo-fulcatus, pubeſcens, fra- its place of growth, climbing, angular, grooved, gilis, frangendo crepitans, ramofus. downy, brittle, ſnapping when broken, branched. STIPULÆ binæ, ſemifagittatæ, integræ aut dentatæ. STIPULÆ growing in pairs, each reſembling half an arrow, entire, or toothed. FOLIA pinnata, pinnarum 8 ſeu 12 parium, raro ultra, LEAVES pivnated, compoſed of 8 or 12 pair, feldom oblongo-lanceolata, mucronata, utrinque feri- more, oblong, lanceolate, terminated by a cea pube albida, pinnis oppofitis alterniſve, point, covered on each ſide with a kind of cirrho tripartito terminata. white filky down, the pinnæ oppoſite or alter- nate, terminated by a tripartite cirrhus. FLORES racemofi. FLOWERS growing in bunches or racemi. RACEMI alterni, multiflori, primo ſuberecti, apice in RACEMI alternate, many-flowered, at firſt nearly up- curvi, poftea reflexi, flofculis 10 ad 40, vio- right, with the tip bent in, aftewards reflexed, laceis, confertis, breviffime pedicellatis. flowers from 10 to 40, of a violet colour, crouded together, and ſtanding on very ſhort foot-ſtalks. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum, $ CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, co- coloratum, quinquedentatum, dentibus tribus loured, having five teeth, the three lowermoſt inferioribus longioribus, pilolis, medio pro- longer than the upper ones, the middle one ductiore, duobus fuperioribus minimis, fig. 2. fartheſt extended, the two upper ones very minute, fig. 2. COROLLA: VEXILLUM emarginatum, reflexum, vio- COROLLA: STANDARD emarginate, reflexed, of a laceum, venis ſaturatioribus obſolete ſtriatum. violet colour, faintly ſtriped with veins of a ALÆ conniventes. CARINA albida, ad apicem deeper colour. Wings clofing. KEEL whitiſh, maculâ ſaturate violaceâ, utrinque notatum, marked on each ſide at the tip with a deeply fig. 1. violet-coloured ſpot, fig. 1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA 10, fimplex et novem fidum, STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, nine united, one ſingle, alba. ANTHERÆ parvæ, luteæ. white. ANTHERÆ ſmall and yellow. GERMEN oblongum, compreffum, glabrum. STYLUS GERMEN oblong, compreſſed, ſmooth. STYLE nearly ſuberectus, undique piloſus. STIGMA obtu- upright, hairy all round. STIGMA blunt, , fum, fig. 3 PERICARPIUM: LEGUMEN ſemunciale, pallide fuf- SEED-VESSEL: a Pop about half an inch long, of a cum, glabrum, utrinque compreffum, fig. 4. pale brown colour, flattened on each fide, fig. 4. SEMINA quatuor vel quinque in fingulo legumine fub- SEEDS four or five in each pod, nearly round and rotunda, nigricantia, fig. 5. blackiſh, fig. 5. LINNÆUS, HALLER, and SCOPOLI, aſcribe to this plant ftipule integre. Indeed the two former found a part of their ſpecific character on this very circumſtance; but this character is certainly a very fallacious one, as the plant is frequently found with us having lipula dentata, and ſuch is the ſpecimen we have figured. It has, however, other characters by which it is obviouſly diſtinguiſhed. The moſt ſtriking are drawn from the leaves and flowers : the former are covered with a fine kind of filky down, which gives them a manifeſt whiteneſs. This is moſt apparent in ſuch ſpecimens as grow in dry, expoſed ſituations. The flowers are of a rich deep purple colour, grow in long bunches or racemi, thickly crouded together, and are conſpicuous at a diſtance. It is a very common plant in the neighbourhood of London, and no where more plentiful than in Baterſea Meadows. When it has an opportunity of climbing up a hedge, it will grow to the height of five or fix feet ; and it is then that its bloſſoms are diſplayed to advantage. In the open paſtures and fields, it is found much more dwarfiſh. It flowers from July to September. Gentlemen who wiſh to decorate the hedges of their plantations cannot ſelect a more proper plant, as it is not apt, like the great Bindweed, Travellers-joy, and other ſtrong growing plants, to ſuffocate the ihrubs which It is recommended alſo, by ſome authors, as affording excellent fodder for cattle. * fig. 3. a ſupport it. 370 SA 10 X XT Vicia Cracca. Awardy del.nl OR WAH-Y4005U HITOOM. MUOTOHT 2111 2. TUOTANTOADESH cestigt atomique 1 eisbioob ein rritoring in rebut Ватират оида Али CREDIMOS HOT bibendroitori diversidade atlanto 2195 andma ar atsioon il TO 10 .000. Einlar sin cost sudilibot sibu ibon bom cloilo al SAID Est ToyotH htlindst eituros is and disasi Budite zaizolaans armest attiecast for a DO ROLLI & stival media and MUSTHODO ADECE boon doom2013 or Tabralo to MUIDAS ob en wat doi beni qisa Oonabuleb anda muina malgas ISAS ollabor moon Tools troctor HAT sorgusunu so sileb ILUE be ustid oriunt dig rauhoila euro qe te Holandia 23 Cuprins cas de tot aquests 9pm: silicon Dixon limite cotoba igold tontti 194 barbie Ommooszalivalt lastenturion T org do nitivord onto ir TIAD CHA 21 up udisavinto cardinales delle Si atstodoly citromosifoni pritain sladala OSOBE con AHORO ide regon Intro be Zaur CREPIS TECTORUM. SMOOTH SUCCORY-HAWKWEED. CREPIS Lin, Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Cal. calyculatus, fquamis deciduis. Pappus plumoſus, ftipitatus. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBÆ FLORË COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. CREPIS tečtorum foliis lanceolato-runcinatis feffilibus lævibus, inferioribus dentatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 600. Sp. Pl. p. 1135. Fl. Suec. n. 705. HEDYPNOIS te&torum caule folioſo famoſo, foliis runcinatis nudis, radicalibus lanceolatis, caulinis fagittatis acutis feffilibus. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 341. CREPIS foliis ad terram pinnatis, fuperne amplexicaulibus pinnatis haftatis. Haller. Hift. n. 31. CREPIS tectorum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 954. HIERACIUM luteum glabrum five minus hirſutum. I. B. II. 1024. CÍCHOREUM pratenſe luteum lævius. Bauh. Pin. 126. Park. 778. HIERACIUM aphacoides. Ger. em. 297 HIERACIUM foliis et facie chondrillæ. Parkinſ. 794. Raii Syn. p. 165. Smooth Succory Hawkweed, Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 440. a a RADIX annua, fimplex, parum fibroſa, deſcendens, ROOT annual, ſimple, furniſhed with few fibres, de- luteſcens. ſcending, yellowiſh. CAULIS pedalis, bipedalis et ultra, erectus, angulato- STALK from one to two feet high or more, upright, ftriatus, nunc glaber, nunc hirſutulus, præfer- ſomewhat angular and finely grooved, fome- tim inferne, fæpe purpureus, foliofus, ra- times perfectly ſmooth, ſometimes a little hairy, moſus. eſpecially towards the baſe, often purple, leafy, and branched. FOLIA valde variabilia, fæpe tota glabra, alias utrinque LEAVES extremely variable, ſometimes perfectly ſmooth, hirſutula, radicalia taraxaci perfimilia, fed paulo fometimes ſlightly hirſute on both ſides, thoſe anguſtiora, nervo medio ſuperne purpureo, cau- next the root very like the leaves of dandelion, lina amplexicaulia, acuta, varie dentata, ra- but a little narrower, the midrib purpleon the up- mea fubintegra, linearia, fubfagittata, margi- per fide, thoſe of the ſtalk embracing the ſtalk, nibus revolutis. pointed, and variouſly indented, thoſe of the branches nearly entire, linear and ſomewhat arrow-ſhaped, the edges rolled back. FLORES inter minores hujus familiæ, flavi, laxe corym- FLOWERS ſmaller than moſt of this family, yellow, boſi. and growing looſely in a kind of corymbus. CALYX communis duplex, exterior breviffimus, patulus, CALYX common to all the florets double, the exterior interior ſubcylindraceus, fimplex, ſulcatus, one very ſhort and ſpreading, the interior one ſquamis erectis, linearibus, conniventibus, æqua- ſomewhat cylindrical, fimple, and grooved, the libus, longitudinaliter pilis globuliferis hiſpi- ſcales upright, linear, connivent, equal, longi- dulis, fquamæ ad bafin quinque aut plures, tudinally beſet with ftiff hairs, having a little ſubulatæ, breves, inæquales, laxã, pariter globule at their extremities, the ſcales at hiſpidule. the baſe are about five or more in number, ſubulate, ſhort, unequal, looſe, and like the others flightly hifpid. COROLLA compofita, imbricata; Corollulis herma- COROLLA compound, and imbricated ; Florets herma- phroditis, plurimis, æqualibus, propria mono- phrodite, numerous and equal, each ſingle petala, truncata, quinquedentata, ſubtus ple- floret monopetalous, truncated, having five rumque purpurea, fig. 1. teeth, and for the moſt part purple beneath, fig.1. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, brevif- STAMINA: five, very ſhort, capillary FILAMENTS. fima. ANTHERA cylindracea, tubuloſa, fig. 2. * ANTHERÆ united into a cylindrical tube, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubovatum. STYLUS fili- PISTILLUM: GERMEN fomewhat ovate. STYLE fili- formis, longitudine ſtaminum. STIGMATA form, the length of the ſtamina. STIGMATA duo, reflexa, fig. 3 two, turned back, fig. 3. SEMINA viginti et ultra in ſingulo capitulo, fuſca, ftriata ; SEEDS twenty or more in each head, brown, and finely Pappus ſemine longior, feffilis, fimplex, fig. 4. grooved ; Down longer than the feed, feffile, and ſimple, fig. 4. The great variety of appearances to which this plant is ſubject, in common with many others of the ſame claſs, has occaſioned no ſmall confuſion among botaniſts, eſpecially the older ones, who have divided it into ſeveral ſpecies: even modern botaniſts, and thoſe of the firſt character, have confeſſed the difficulty of diſtinguiſhing it in its various ſtates. Linnæus exclaims, Nulla planta hac vulgatior, nulla magis ſtructura et facie varians, nulla magis confuſis Synonymis . Haller writes, Inſuperabiles tenebræ Synonyma obducunt : and Scopoli ſays, Melius diceretur Crepis VARIA. Perhaps nothing ſhort of repeated obſervation will enable a botaniſt to diſtinguiſh the ſame plant in its various fiates, eſpecially ſuch as are ſubject to ſuch unuſual variations ; yet there is frequently fome character not liable to be altered by difference of foil and ſituation, which, if pointed out, will be of great ſervice in directing thoſe who may not have plants conſtantly before them. Ray obſerves, that the flowers, heads, and feeds of this plant are ſmaller than thoſe of any other Engliſh Hawkweed, the Hyoferis excepted (he might have added the Hypocharis glabra). To the ſmallneſs of the flowers, &c. may be joined the ſtructure of the calyx and the ſtem-claſping leaves; and when it is known to be a plant growing generally in this country on dry banks, in paſtures, and on walls, we flatter ourſelves there will be little difficulty, with the aſſiſtance of our figure, which repreſents the plant of its medium ſize, in diſtinguiſhing it at all times. It flowers from June to September. Mr. Hudson has thought proper to remove it from the genus Crepis of LINNÆUS, with which it muſt be owned it does not well accord, and make it an Hedypnois ; yet it does not very well agree with the character he himſelf has given of that genus; for the pappus can ſcarcely be ſaid to be ſubplumoſus, unleſs very highly magnified, . a 327 Crepis tectorum Y Kowary del et foule M 314 Am More ty Leontodon hispidum. J. Sowerby del.e foutp. OF ONIL LEONTODON HISPIDUM. Rough DANDELION. LEONTODON Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENÉSIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Calyx imbricatus, ſquamis laxiuſculis. plumofus. Pappus Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. LEONTODON hifpidum calyce toto erecto, foliis dentatis integerrimis hifpidis : fetis furcatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 596. Sp. Pl. 1124. Fl. Suec. n. 694. HEDYPNOIS fcapo nudo unifloro, foliis lanceolatis dentatis hiſpidis. Hudſon Fl. Angl. 340. PICRIS caule nudo, unifloro, foliis aſperis dentatis. Haller. Hift. n. 25. LEONTODON biſpidum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 977. TARAXACONOIDES perennis et vulgaris. Vaill. A&t. 1721, p. 232. HIERACIUM afperum folio magno dentis leonis. Bauh. Pin. 127. HIERACIUM dentis leonis folio hirſutum. Ger. em. 303. HIERACIUM afperum foliis et floribus dentis leonis bulbofi. Park. 788. DENS LEONIS hirſutus 2 Emlóxxv. Q Hieracium dictus. Raii Syn. p. 171. Rough Dandelion commonly called Dandelion Hawkweed. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 433. nutantes. n RADIX perennis, obliqua, e nigro-fuſca, plurimis fibris ROOT perennial, oblique, of a blackiſh brown colour, pallidioribus, in terram recte demiffis capillata. furniſhed with numerous fibres of a paler co- lour, running ſtraight into the earth. SCAPI plerumque plures ex eadem radice, pedales aut STALKS uſually ſeveral from the ſame root, a foot or ſeſquipedales, erecti, teretes, fiſtulofi , hirſuti, a foot and a half high, upright, round, hol- fimplices, nudi, fubinde foliolo five pluribus low, hirſute, ſimple, naked, now and then inſtructi, ſuperne obvie ftriati et incraffati, ad furniſhed with one or more ſmall leaves, above bafin purpurei. obviouſly ftriated and thickened, purple at the baſe, FOLIA radicalia plurima, in pratis ſuberecta, in apricis LEAVES: radical leaves numerous, in meadows nearly ſupra terram expanſa, palmaria feu fpithamaa, upright, in expoſed ſituations expanded on the petiolata, oblonga, finuato-dentata, obtuſiuſ- ground, a hand's breadth or more in length, cula, pallide viridia, hirſuta, pilis ut etiam ſtanding on foot-ſtalks, oblong, indented and ſcapi furcatis. toothed, bluntiſh, of a pale green colour, hir- fute, the hairs as alſo thoſe of the ſtalk forked at the extremity. FLORES majuſculi, lutei, ante floreſcentiam femper FLOWERS largiſh, yellow, before blowing always drooping CALYX fordide virens, fquamæ laxe imbricatæ, in- CALYX' of a dingy green colour, ſcales looſely imbri- æquales, pilis longis albidis plerumque fim- cated, unequal, rough with long whitiſh hairs, plicibus hirſutæ. which are for the moſt part ſimple. COROLLA compoſita, æqualis, flofculi quinqueden- COROLLA compound, equal, florets furniſhed with tati, tubus fuperne piloſus, fig. 2. five teeth, the tube hairy on the upper part, fig. 2. SEMINA oblonga, ſublinearia, longitudine fere pappi, SEEDS oblong, nearly linear, almoſt the length of the exteriores paululum incurvati, interiores recti, pappus, the outer ones bending a little inward, ad lentem tranſverſe rugoſi, fig. 3. the innermoſt ones ſtraight, when magnified tranſverſely wrinkled, fig. 3. PAPPUS pilofus, feffilis, fig. 4. DOWN hairy, and feflile, fig. 4. RECEPTACULUM planum, nudum, punctatum. RECEPTACLE flat, naked and dotted. Like the other plants of the claſs Syngeneſia, the Leontodon hiſpidum is ſubject to vary conſiderably in ſize and hairineſs; but very luckily it has one character which attends it in all its ſtates, and which never fails to diſtinguiſh it, its bloſſoms droop while in the bud: ſtriking as this character is, we believe it has eſcaped the obſervation of former Botaniſts, at leaſt it has not been conſidered as of the firſt conſequence in aſcertaining the ſpecies. The ſingleneſs of its ſtalks alſo contributes to diſtinguiſh it from ſome other plants of the fame claſs, while the hairs on the leaves afford a more minute diſtinction, being uſually bifid, but not always ſo. As far as we have had opportunity of obſerving, it is a very general plant throughout the kingdom, eſpecially where there is chalk or lime-ſtone. In ſuch fort of paſtures it abounds as much as the common Dandelion does in rich cultivated ones, and when in flower, which is uſually in July, cloaths them in the ſame golden livery. As it forms ſo conſiderable a part of our paſturage, it is of ſome conſequence that we ſhould know whether Cattle are fond of it, either freſh or made into hay; and we wiſhed to lay before our readers the reſult of LINNÆUS or his Pupils experiments on this head; but, though a Swediſh plant, it unfortunately proved to be one of thoſe with which no experiments were made. The common Dandelion, according to the Linnæan character, is certainly no Leontodon, the pappus being ſimple, and Scopoli has accordingly made another genus of it, Hedypnois. Mr. Hudson has united the preſent plant, the Leontodon autumnale, two ſpecies of Crepis, with the Picris echioides, under one genus of the ſame naine Hedypnois; and HALLER arranges our plant with his Picris. Amidſt all this confufion we have thought it beſt in the preſent inſtance to follow LINNÆUS, eſpecially as there is nothing in the fructification of our plant which militates againſt the generic character of his Leontodon. a ионаи ноол матері иоатиот DVOSOTHO CITADOS text tasaidia bott col TASUTA sitt bioloogstni intreb eidooie OCOTVO 2.02. sibirilianna 5 ilicon аilе oolic obrarpet ОИТүсіну beliela los colinde cura elde oldest потио love in a MODAZAIKT debonsa ololmas MUDA . Ginool gineb MUIDAS .88 odlude boot nobaudot to the MUASISIE nelobasa dostanedbib Suma at a o Agterbowl boobs bol door CA molo a od told to supildo, TOO'git copildosimnata XIII - to conducted by boat oral fost dirobi as oletnamas 10 Jouts door hul morale AJATE tua ope SAS od Shotstood sebe Bot code buis won blando buntopila vodsat atomt zo go dira pridoqol odt is obloids betri toggle los gro til iOS mtu tilgan bodista de onttreldoor bus batido co billeder OOT bozhoz Els -titu itles areЯo. to loolaas oliv su diwa 750 Sebab KYTAS ibidorip Pode samo NOHOS imamo MOTO Sangolo olis bra otobos onto covolo 90 dla ob dar us but Glacisti werd dood bood bro og oboro en Sabu Sic endt osittu ROGOH mas o auto kto og odlad a dobott dawno condidag 2017 100 Go Good THE ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM. COTTON THISTLE. ONOPORDUM Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. favofum. Cal. ſquamæ mucronatæ. Raiz Syn. Gen. 9. HERBÆ FLORE EX FLOSCULIS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO, SIVE CAPITATÆ. ONOPORDUM Acanthium calycibus ſquarroſis: ſquamis patentibus, foliis ovato oblongis finuatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 607. Sp. Pl. p. 1158. Fl. Suec. n. 724. ONOPORDUM caule alato, foliis ovatis dentatis, dentibus angulofis ariftatis. Haller hift. 11. 159. ACANOS Spina. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1013. SPINA alba tomentoſa latifolia fylveftris. Bauh. pin. 382. ACANTHIUM album. Ger. emac. 1149. ACANTHIUM vulgare. Parkinſ. 1149. CARDUUS tomentoſus, Acanthium di&tus vulgaris. Raiz Syn. 196. Common Cotton Thiſtle. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 354. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 459. . 0 a a RADIX biennis. O ROOT biennial. CAULIS tripedalis ad ſepedalem, ad baſin ufque ra- | STALK from three to fix feet high, branched down moſus, fublanuginoſus, per totam longitu- to the bottom, ſomewhat woolly, winged dinem alatus, alis latis, fpinofis, fpinis lu- % throughout its whole length, wings broad teſcentibus, divergentibus. and ſpinous, the fpines yellowiſh and di- verging. RAMI longi, diffuſi. • BRANCHES long, and ſpreading. FOLIA ſeſſilia, ovata, acuta, decurrentia, finuata, LEAVES feffile, ovate, pointed, running down the dentata, feu anguloſa, utrinque lanugine in- ftalk, finuated and indented or angular, co- cana, inferiora ampliffima, longitudine fer- vered on both fides with a kind of white quipedalia, latitudine fere pedalia, margine woolly down, the lowermoft leaves very large, fpinofa. a foot and a half long, and almoſt a foot in breadth, fpinous on the edge. FLORES purpurei, ere&i, terminales, magnitudine FLOWERS terminal, purple, upright, the fize of , florum Cardui mariani. thoſe of the Milk Thiſtle. CALYX : communis fubrotundus, ventricoſus, imbri- CALYX: common to all the florets, ſomewhat round, catus, Squamis numerofis, fpinofis, undique bellying out, and imbricated, the ſcales nu- prominentibus, fpinis apice luteis, baſi pilis merous, fpinous, projecting on every fide, albis intertextis, fig. 1. the ſpines yellow at the points, and at the baſe interwoven with white hairs, fig. 1. COROLLA: compofita, tubuloſa, uniformis ; Corol- COROLLA compound, tubular, uniform, Florets lulæ hermaphroditæ, æquales, monopetalæ, hermaphrodite, equal, monopetalous and infundibuliformes, tubo tenuiffimo, fig. 2. funnel-ſhaped, tube very flender, fig. 2. limb limbo erecto, ventricofo, quinquefido, laci- upright, bellying out, divided into five equal niis æqualibus, linearibus, fig. 3. linear ſegments, fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, bre- STAMINA: five capillary, very ſhort FILAMENTS; viſfima ; ANTHER Æ purpureæ, in cylindrum ANTHERÆ purple, forming a cylindrical coalitæ, quinquedentatæ, fig. 4. tube, terminating above in five teeth, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, fig. 6. Stylus PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, fig. 6. STYLE fili- filiformis, ftaminibus longior ; STIGMA bi- form, longer than the ſtamina; STIGMA bi- fidum, fig. 5: PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx arcte connivens, SEED-VESSEL none, the Calyx clofing ſtrongly together. SEMINA obovata, ſubcompreſſa, obſolete angulata, 8 SEEDS inverſely ovate, a little flattened, faintly rugoſa, nigricantia, fig. 7. Pappus feffilis, ad angular, wrinkled, blackiſh, fig. 7. Down lentem hiſpidulus, fig. 8. ſeſſile, ſlightly hiſpid when magnified, fig. 8. RECEPTACULUM cellulis membranaceis, tetrago- RECEPTACLE reticulated with ſquare, membran- nis, reticulatum, favi inftar, fig. 9. ous cells, like a honeycomb, fig. 9. 0 fid, fig. 5. 0 When the Cotton-Thiſtle grows to its full fize, in a pure air, uncontaminated by London Smoke, the grandeur and ſnowy whiteneſs of its foliage render it highly conſpicuous and ornamental. With us it grows moſt commonly on the funny fide of dry banks, and occaſionally among rubbiſh, but very feldom in open fields; hence it proves very little injurious to the huſbandman. It is diſtinguiſhed from the Carduus tribe, by having a receptacle fomewhat like a honeycomb, vid. fig. 9. It differs alſo in another circumſtance. When the flowering is over, the innermoſt ſcales of the calyx cloſe ſtrongly together, and preſerve the feed; in the Thiſtles, as ſoon as the feed is ripe, the firſt hot day opens the heads, expands the pappus, and the leaſt wind carries away the feed; in the Onopordum they remain dut up, and Itrongly defended, nor can they commit themſelves to the earth, or be eaten by birds, till long expoſure to the weather has decayed the calyx which encloſes them; on this account, they may afford ſuſtenance to birds later in the year, when fimilar food is not to be obtained. June and July are the principal months of its flowering. It is not very fubje&t to the depredations of inſects, and it is defended by its ſtrong fpines from the attacks of moft quadrupeds. 334 Onopordum Acanthium 8 7 N ve TE 地 ​3. PU - 1 5 4 Prenanthes muralis. J. Sowerby deliciful. PRENANTHES MURALIS. IVY-LEAVED LETTUCE. WILD PRENANTHES Linnæi Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Calyx calyculatus. Pappus fimplex, fubfeffilis. . Floculi fimplici ferie. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBE FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. PRENANTHES muralis flofculis quinis, foliis runcinatis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. Þ• 596. Sp. Pl. 112i. Fi. Suec. n. 692. PRENANTHES foliis ferratis pinnatis, pinna ſuprema triangulari trilobata. Haller. hiſt. 1. 18. PRENANTHES muralis. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 964. LACTUCA ſylveſtris murorum flore luteo. I. B. II. 1004. SONCHUS lævis laciniatus muralis parvis floribus. Bauhin. Pin. 124. SONCHUS lævis muralis. Ger. emac. 293. SONCHUS lævis alter parvis floribus. Park. 805. Rail Syn. p. 162. Ivy-leaved Sow-thiſtle, or Wild Lettuce, Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 338. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 431. RADIX perennis, ramofa, pallide fuſca, lacteſcens. ROOT perennial, branched, of a pale brown colour, and milky CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus, fimplex, fo- STALK from one to three feet high, upright, ſimple, liofus, fuperne fubflexuofus, teres, glaucus, leafy, ſomewhat crooked towards the top, purpuraſcens. round, glaucous, and purpliſh. FOLIA radicalia Soncho oleraceo perſimilia, inferne pur- LEAVES next the root very like thoſe of the common purea, caulina alterna, amplexicaulia, patentia. Sow-thiſtle, purple on the under ſide, thoſe of the ſtalk alternate, ſpreading, and embracing it. FLORES parvi, lutei, erecti, paniculati. FLOWERS ſmall, yellow, upright, growing in a panicle. PANICULA ampla, nuda, ramofiffima, purpurafcens. PANICLÉ large, naked, exceedingly branched, and purpliſh. CALYX communis cylindraceus, glaber, purpurafcens, CALYX: the common Calyx cylindrical, ſmooth, pur- fquamis cylindri numero corollularum, ſquamis pliſh, the ſcales of the cylinder as numerous ad baſin cylindri tribus breviſſimis inæquali- as the florets, with three, very ſhort, unequal bus, fig. 1. ſmall ones at its baſe, fig. 1. COROLLA Compoſita, Corollulæ hermaphroditæ ple- COROLLA compound, Florets hermaphrodite, uſually rumque quinque, æquales, in orbem fimpli- five in number, equal, forming a ſingle circle, cem pofitæ, latiufculæ, nervofæ, quinqueden- broadiſh, ribbed, terminated by five teeth, fig.2. tatæ, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, breviſſima, STAMINA: five capillary FILAMENTS, very ſhort and flava; ANTHER Æ cylindraceæ, tubuloíæ. yellow; ANTHERÆ forming a hollow cylinder. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ſubovatum; Stylus filiformis, PISTILLUM: Germen fubovate; Style filiform, GERMEN ſtaminibus longior; STIGMA bifidum, re- longer than the ſtamina ; STIGMA bifid and flexum, fig: 3 reflexed, fig. 3. SEMEN oblongum, bafi acuminatum, nigrum, ftria- SEED oblong, pointed at the baſe and ſtriated : Down tum : PAPPus breviſſime petiolatus, fimplex, ſtanding on a very ſhort foot-ſtalk, ſimple, fig. 4.; lente auct. fig. 5. fig. 4.; magnified, fig. 5. Some of the old Botaniſts conſidered this plant as a Lactuca; others as a Sonchus. It approaches neareſt to the former, both in its fructification and habit, not but the foliage is very like that of the Sonchus oleraceus. LINNEUS, from the paucity of its florets, makes a diſtinct genus of it, though number ſeems ſcarcely ſufficient to conſtitute a generic character. This paucity of florets (there being ſeldom more than five) at once diſtinguiſhes it however from all its kindred; but at the ſame time we have known it not a little to puzzle ſtudents beginning to learn the claſſes, and who had ſtudied them from ſuch flowers as Dandelion. It is not a very common plant with us, but is met with occaſionally on walls, in woods, and other ſhady places, We obſerved plenty of it this year on the outſide of the pales which terminate the Terrace at the Spaniard, Hamp- ſtead-Heath, on the declivity towards Lord Mansfield's little wood. It flowers from July to September. KA word AD ga ACT 298 INT P 7 2 Sonchus palustris. NIL SONCHUS PALUSTRIS. MARSH OR TREE SOW-THISTLE: SONCHUS Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Calyx imbricatus, ventricoſus. Pappus plumoſus. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. SONCHUS paluſtris pedunculis calycibufque hifpidis fubumbellatis, foliis runcinatis bafi ariſtatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 594. bafi fagittatis. Sp. Pl. p. 1116. SONCHUS afper arboreſcens. Bauhin. Pin. p. 124. ed. 2. p HIERACIUM arboreſcens paluſtre. Ejuſd. ed. 1. SONCHUS tricubitalis, fólio cuſpidato. Merr. Pin. SONCHUS arboreſcens alter. Ger. Em. p. 294. SONCHUS låvis altiffimus vel Sonchus lævior auſtriacus 5. altiffimus. Cluf. Hift. CXLVII. SONCHUS arboreſcens. Parkins. p. 8o8. Raii Syn. p. 163. The greateſt Marſh Tree Sow-thiſtle: 808. Hudſon. Fl. Anglic. p. 337- RADIX perennis, plurimis fibris majuſculis capillata, I ROOT perennial, furniſhed with numerous large fibres, minime vero repens ficut in arvenſi. but not creeping, as in the corn Sow-thiſtle. CAULIS: ex eadem radice, exſurgunt caules plures, STALK: from the ſame root ariſe ſeveral ſtalks, up- erecti, orgyales, et ultra, craflitie pollicis, an- right, fix feet or more high, the thickneſs of gulati, læves, purpurafcentes, fiftulofi, lacte- one's thumb, angular, ſmooth, purpliſh, hol- ſcentes, foliofi, apice ramoſi. low, milky, and branched at top. FOLIA caulina ſparſa, inferiora bafi fagittata, runci- LEAVES of the ſtalk placed without any regular order, nata, laciniis duabus, vel tribus utrinque inæ- the lower ones arrow-ſhaped at the baſe, and qualibus, acuminatis, terminali longiflima, fu- runcinate, with two or three unequal pointed prema integra, enfiformia, bafi ariftata, omni- ſegments on each ſide, the terminal one very bus minutim denticulatis. long, the upper leaves entire, ſword-ſhaped, bearded at the baſe, all of them very finely toothed. FLORES fubumbellati, lutei, floribus arvenſis duplo FLOWERS of a yellow colour, about half the fize of minores. thoſe of the corn Sow-thiſtle, forming a large kind of umbel. PEDUNCULI hiſpidi feu potius viſcidi cum omnes pili | FLOWER-STALKS hiſpid or rather viſcid, as each globulo terminantur. hair is terminated by a globule. CALYX commuriis primo cylindraceus, apice truncatus, CALYX: the common calyx at firſt cylindrical, trun- viſcidus, peracta floreſcentia ventricoſo-conicus, cated at top, and viſcid, the flowering being ſquamis plurimis, linearibus, inæqualibus. over, bellying out at bottom and conical, the ſcales numerous, linear and unequal. COROLLA compofita, imbricata, uniformis. Corol- COROLLA compound, imbricated and uniform. Florets . lule hermaphroditæ, numerofæ, æquales. Tu- hermaphrodite, numerous, and equal. Tube bus longitudine limbi, albus; pilofus. Limbus the length of the limb, white and hairy. linearis, apice quinquedentatus, fig. 1, 2. Limb linear, terminated by five teeth, fig. 1, 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, brevif- STAMINA: five, capillary, very ſhort FILAMENTS. fima. ANTHERÆ flavæ, in tubum cylindra- ANTHERÆ yellow, forming a cylindrical tube, ceum coalitæ, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongo-ovatum, album. PISTILLUM : GERMEN oblong-ovate, white. STYLE STYLUS filiformis, longitudine ſtaminum. filiform, the length of the ſtamina. STIG- STIGMATA duo, revoluta, fig. 4, 5: MATA two, rolled back, fig. 4; 5. SEMEN pallide fuſeum, oblongum, utrinque fulcatum, SEED pale brown, oblong, with a groove on each ſide, unde ſubtetragonum apparet, fig. 6. whence it appears ſomewhat four cornered, PAPPUS ſemine longior, feffilis, fimplex. DOWN longer than the feed; feffile, unbranched. RECEPTACULUM nudum, punctis prominulis fca- RECEPTACLE naked, rough with fmall prominent brum. points. fig. 3• fig. 6. PARKINSON gives a tolerable figure, and a pretty accurate defcription of this plant; and fucceeding Botaniſts, particularly Ray, have ſufficiently aſcertained its ſpecific characters: nevertheleſs HALLER conſiders it as a variety of the arvenſis: his words are, “ nec mihi omnia conſideranti differre videtur.” Had the Baron ſeen the plant growing, he certainly would not have been thus fingular in his opinion. It agrees with the arvenfis in having a perennial root, which however does not creep. When placed in a garden, by the fide of the arvenſis, it exceeds it one half; and when planted by the water fide, out-tops it by two-thirds. Indeed, in ſuch ſituations we have ſeen it ten feet high, and we believe it may juſtly be conſidered as the talleſt Engliſh plant; but though it is ſo much taller than the arvenſis, its bloffoms are not fo large. In its place of growth it differs alſo from the arvenſis ; while the one is chiefly obſerved in corn-fields, the other is a conſtant inhabitant of marſhes. There is a difference alſo in the periods of their flowering, the paluftris being later by about three weeks; but the baſe of the leaf in theſe two plants affords, perhaps, the beſt character, and of which LINNÆUS, with his uſual acumen, has availed himſelf. The Sonchus paluſtris occurs fparingly in the marſhes about Blackwall and Poplar, and flowers the latter end of July. The common Sow-thiſtle is well known to be a favourite food of rabbits; but we believe it has ſcarcely been ſuſpected, that it might be ranked with our eſculent herbs; yet a gentleman, whoſe delicate ſtate of health has led him to make experiments on ſuch kind of plants, and in whoſe veracity we place the moſt implicit confidence, affures us, that he has found the tender ſhoots and buds of the common Sow-thiſtle (the ſmooth fort) boiled in the manner of Spinach, to afford excellent greens, ſuperior to any others which he has tried, not in common ufe. ACHILLEA PTARMIC A. SNE E ZE WORT. ACHILLEA Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Cal. cvatus, imbricatus. Flos- culi radii circiter 4. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. SEMINIBUS PAPPO HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE, DESTITUTIS corymbiferæ DICTÆ. ACHILLEA Ptarmica foliis lanceolatis acuminatis argute ferratis. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 647. Sp. Pl. p. 1266. Fl. Suecic. n. 771. . ACHILLEA foliis linearibus lanceolatis acutiſfime ferratis. Haller hiſt. 117, DRACUNCULUS ſerrato folio praterfis. Bauh. p. 198. PTARMICA Ger. emac. 605. Park. 859. Raiz Syn. p. 183. Sneezewort, Baſtard-Pellitory, Gooſe-Tongue. Hudſon, Fl. Angł. 375. Lightfoot, Fl. Scot. p. 495. 0 0 0 RADIX perennis, repens, alba, fubgeniculata, fibris O ROOT perennial, creeping, white, fomewhat jointed, majuſculis et longiſſimis donata, e geniculis furniſhed with large and very long fibres exeuntibus, fapore acri et fervido. which proceed from the joints, of a hot acrid taſte. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus, plerumque STALK from one to three feet high, upright, gene- fimplex, rigidulus, inferne teres, glaber, rally ſimple, fomewhat rigid, below round fuperne ſubangulatus, villoſus, paniculatim and ſmooth, above ſlightly angular, villous, ramofus. and branching out into a kind of panicle. FOLIA num meroſa, alterna, feffilia, amplexicaulia, LEAVES numerous, alternate, feffile, embracing the linearia, acuta, bi vel tripollicaria, utrinque ſtalk, linear, pointed, two or three inches glabra, lucidiuſcula, faturate viridia, mar- long, ſmooth on both fides, and ſomewhat gine retrorfum fcabra, fubcrenata ; crenis ſhining, of a deep-green colour, the edge minutim ferrulato aculeatis ; fubtus triner- rough, if the finger be drawn along it, from via ; nervis longitudinalibus, quorum inter- the top to the baſe, ſomewhat crenated, the medius eft cofta. notches forming a ſharp prickly kind of faw, underneath having two longitudinal ribs, be- fide the midrib. CORYMBUS terminalis, compoſitus, erectus, villo- CORYMBUS terminal, compound, upright, villous, fus, folioſus. and leafy. BRACTEÆ lineares in pedunculis. FLORAL-LEAVES linear on the flower-ſtalks. CALYX communis hæmiſphericus, ſubtomentoſus, CALYX common to all the florets, hemiſpherical, imbricatus, ſquamis ovato-lanceolatis, erectis, ſomewhat woolly; the ſcales compoſing it fubcarinatis, margine rufis, fubciliatis. placed one over another, of an oval-pointed ſhape, upright, ſomewhat keeled, the mar- gin reddiſh, and ſlightly edged with hairs. COROLLA compofita, radiata, flores femineæ in ra- COROLLA compound and radiate, female flowers in dio, ligulatæ, numero 8-10, lamina ovata, the circumference, tubular at bottom and alba, patens, biſulca, apice obtufa, triden- ſpreading at top, from 8 to 10 in number, tata, fig. 1. tubus marginatus, brevis, longi- the lamina ovate, white, ſpreading, with tudine germinis, apice rubellus, fig. 2. two grooves, blunt at top, with three ſmall flores hermaphroditi in diſco numeroſi, tubus blunt teeth, fig. 1. the tube two-edged, ſhort; ſubcylindraceus, marginatus, vireſcens ; lim- the length of the germen, and reddiſh at top, bus quinquefidus, albus, tubo brevior, laciniis fig. 2. hermaphrodite flowers numerous in ſubrevolutis, fig. 3. the centre, the tube nearly cylindrical, two- edged, greeniſh, the limb white, divided in- to five ſegments, ſhorter than the tube, the ſegments ſomewhat rolled back, fig. 3. STAMINA in hermaphroditis; FILAMENTA quin- STAMINA in the hermaphrodite flowers; FILA- que, capillaria; ANTHER Æ flavæ, in tubum MENTS five, very fine; ANTHER Æ yellow, coalitæ, fig. 4. uniting in a tube, fig. 4. PISTILLUM in femineis et hermaphroditis: GER- PISTILLUM in the female and hermaphrodite MEN compreffum, turbinatum ; Stylus fili- flowers ; GERMEN flattened, broadeſt at top; formis ; STIGMATA duo, revoluta, apicibus STYLE thread-ſhaped ; STIGMATA two, rol- obtufis, fig. 5. led back, the ends blunt, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, nuda, utrinque fubalata, nitida, SEEDS numerous, naked, having a kind of wing on , apice truncata. each fide, ſhining, and cut off as it were at top. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, ſquamis membra- RECEPTACLE chaffy, the ſcales membranous, of a naceis, lieneari-lanceolatis, obtufis, vix lon- ſhape betwixt linear and lanceolate, blunt, gitudine florum. fcarcely the length of the flowers. The dried powder of this plant ſnuffed up the noftrils provokes ſneezing, hence it has acquired its name of Sneezewort ; chewed in the mouth, like Pellitory of Spain, it promotes the flow of the faliva, and is found ſerviceable in the cure of the tooth-ach: theſe appear to be the only medicinal purpoſes to which it is applied. In its double fate, it has long been an ornament in gardens, and diſtinguiſhed by the name of Batchelors Buttons ; having a creeping and very increaſing root, it requires more care to deſtroy than to increaſe it. It is a common plant in wet paſtures and on heaths, and may be found in plenty by the fides of the ditches in Batterſea-Meadows, where it flowers in July and Auguft. 1 Ó 343 Achillea Ptarmica. J.Jomarby del M садугмаилита литораманти А М . сан le иераторна ротора на АНО И АКО 9 oriannel ili birlio londisli na ia erotilette lip он. bolondywob, росту эпіl іniti as due аnia Ilooyill list oil 27 artinin holbogdonil Edia tarlar orior cino n.broorg rad dirbs be 20 tida bodo dlouho dror onlarly bri Бірісті на Нарів нарот ua Б ANTHEMIS COTULA. STINKING MAYWE ED. ANTHEMIS Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemiſphæricus, fubæqualis. Flofculi radii plures quam 5. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS CORYMBIFERÆ DICTÆ. ANTHEMIS Cotula receptaculis conicis: paleis ſetaceis, feminibus nudis. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 646. Sp. Pl. p. 1261. Fl. Suec. n. 767. CHAMÆMELUM foliis glabris, duplicato-pinnatis, nervo foliaceo, pinnulis lanceolatis feminibus exaſperatis. Haller hiſt. 104. ANTHEMIS Cotula. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1092. CHAMÆMELUM fætidum. B. Pin. 135. CHAMÆMELUM fætidum feu Cotula fætida 1. B. III. 120. COTULA alba Dod. Pempt. 258. Raiz Syn. p. 185. Stinking Mayweed. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 373. Lightfoot Flor. Scol. p. 495. a Tota planta fætidiffima, fublanuginoſa. The whole plant extremely fetid, and ſlightly woolly. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibroſa. ROOT annual, ſimple, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, fubangulatus, STALK from one to two feet high, upright, fome- ftriatus, pubeſcens, ramofus, fæpe uſque ad whatangular, finely grooved, downy, branched baſin. often almoſt to the bottom. FOLIA alterna, feffilia, ſublanuginoſa, pinnata, coſta LEAVES alternate, feffile, ſlightly woolly, pinnated, lineam lata, fubtus carinata, pinnis plerum- the midrib a line broad, keeled underneath, que ramofis, planis, acutis, fuperne punctis the pinne for the moſt part branched, flat, impreſſis, nudo oculo conſpicuis notata. pointed, on the upper fide marked with im- preſſed dots viſible to the naked eye. PEDUNCULI erecti, ftriati, nudi, fuperne fubin- FLOWER STALKS upright, finely grooved, naked, craſſati. ſomewhat thickened above. FLORES albi, diſco luteo, minime vireſcente. FLOWERS white, the centre yellow, without any tendency to green. CALYX communis, hæmiſphericus, imbricatus, fqua- CALYX common to all the florets, hemiſpherical, mis pallide virentibus, exterioribus obtufis, imbricated, the ſcales of a pale green colour, fuſco marginatis, carina faturatius virente. the outer ones blunt, and edged with brown, the keel more deeply coloured. FLOSCULI radiž tredecem circiter, feminei, ſubovati, FLOWERS of the radius about thirteen, female, lineas duas fere lati, obtufi, binerves, triden- nearly ovate, almoſt two lines broad, obtuſe, tati, dentibus obtufis, fig. 1. pars tubuloſa two-rib'd, terminating in three obtufe teeth, flofculi ut ut Germen, glandulis pellucidis, fig: 1. the tubular part of the floret as well as nudo oculo conſpicuis ornata, fig. 2. Sligma the Germen, ornamented with tranſparent bifidum, laciniis reflexis, fæpe mancum, glands, viſible to the naked eye, fig. 2. fig. 3. Stigma bifid, the ſegments reflexed, often imperfect, fig: 3. FLOSCULI diſci numeroſi, tubulofi , hermaphroditi, FLOWERS of the diſk numerous, tubular, herma- quinquedentati, fig. 4. Stigma bifidum, la- phrodite, five-tooth’d, fig. 4. Stigma bifid, ciniis revolutis, fig. 6. Germen ut ut corolla the ſegments rolled back, fig. 6. Germen as ad lentem glanduloſa, fig. 5. well as the corolla, when magnified, ſtudded with little glands, fig. 5. SEMEN obtuſe tetragonum, fufcum, rugofum, apice SEED bluntly four-cornered, brown, wrinkled, flat planum, puncto in vertice prominulo, ex- at top, with a prominent hollow point in the cavato, inferne attenuatum, fig. 7. auct. centre, below ſlenderer, fig. 7. magnified. RECEPTACULUM ſubcylindraceum, ſuperne paleis RECEPTACLE nearly cylindrical, on the upper part ſetaceis, rigidis inſtructum, fig. 8. furniſhed with rigid, briſtle-ſhaped paleæ or chaff, fig. 8. a a The Anthemis Cotula, like the Matricaria Chamomilla, is very common in corn-fields, where it is well known frequently to bliſter the ſkin of the reapers, or of children who may happen to gather it, which the Matricaria never does ;-if the plant be examined with a microſcope, it will be found beſprinkled with little glands, in which its acrid matter moſt probably reſides. Independent of this quality, it abounds to that degree in ſome corn-fields, as greatly to diminiſh the crop. . It is fond of a foil well manured, and as it is frequently ſuffered to feed on dunghills, it by that means often becomes more generally diffeminated: farmers cannot be too careful in weeding their dunghills; they are not aware of the amazing increaſe from a ſingle plant of the Anthemis Cotula, Rumex criſpus, Chenopodium album, or many others equally, if not more, injurious. We have obſerved the petals to vary much in length and breadth, and Botaniſts have ſometimes found it with double flowers. It differs greatly in its qualities from the Anthemis nobilis and Matricaria Chamomilla, has never been much in uſe, nor are its medicinal effects well known. Decoctions of it are ſaid ſometimes to have been employed as a bath or fomentation againſt hyſteric ſuffocations, and hæmorrhoidal pains and ſwellings. Mr. Ray ſays, that a decoction of the herb has by fome been given internally, with ſucceſs, in fcrophulous caſes. BROWN LANGRISH gives an account of a decoction of it throwing a perſon afflicted with rheumatiſm into a profuſe fweat, and curing him. Lewis's Mat. Med. p. 223. Vid. Matricaria Chamomilla. а 329 a Anthemis Cotula. my dear falp. 348. 7. -9 ** Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum. OF S. Sowerby del. et faulp. sic CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTHEMUM. COMMON Ox-Eye, or GREATER DAISY. CHRYSANTHEMUM Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Recept. nudum. Pappus marginatus. Cal. hemifphæricus, imbricatus, fquamis marginalibus membranaceis. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. HerBĚ FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS, CORYMBIFERÆ DICTÆ. CHRYSANTHEMUM Leucanthemum foliis amplexicaulibus oblongis ; fuperne ferratis; inferne dentatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. ed. 14. P. 772. Sp. Pl. p. 1251. Fl. Suec. n. 763. MATRICARIA foliis radicalibus petiolatis, ovatis, crenatis, caulinis amplexicaulibus dentatis. Haller hiſt. 98. MATRICARIA Leucanthemum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. N. 1041. BELLIS ſylveſtris caule folioſo major. Bauh. Pin. 261. LEUCANTHEMUM vulgare. Tourn. 492. BELLIS major. Ger. emač. 634. BELLIS major vulgaris five fylveftris. Parkinf. 528. Raii Syn. p. 184. The Greater Daiſy, or Ox-Eye. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 488. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 371. RADIX perennis, fufca, fubrepens, fibroſa. ROOT perennial, brown, fomewhat creeping, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis, feſquipedalis et ultra, erectus, ri- STALK a foot or a foot and a half high or more, gidus, anguloſus, inferne purpuraſcens, hir- upright, rigid, angular, below purpliſh and ſutus, fuperne nudus, fimplex, ſubinde ra- hairy, above naked, fimple, fometimes mofus. branched. FOLIA radicalia a caulinis diverſiſſima, petiolis longis LEAVES next the root very different from thoſe of inſidentia, obovata, vix pubeſcentia, inciſo- the ſtalk, ſtanding on long foot talks, obovate, ferrata, caulina alterna, feffilia, amplexi- ſcarcely downy, deeply ſawed, thoſe of the caulia, linearia, extrorſum latiora, remote ftalk alternate, feffile, ftem-claſping, linear, denticulata, denticulis ad bafin crebrioribus outwardly broadeft, diftantly toothed, teeth et longioribus. at the baſe more crowded and longeſt. FLORES pedunculati, terminales, folitarii, magni, FLOWERS ftanding on footitalks, terminal, fingle, fpeciofi. large, and ſhewy. PEDUNCULI ftriati, fubincraffati. FLOWER-STALKS finely grooved, and ſomewhat thickened. CALYX communis hemiſpherico-planus, arête im- CALYX common to all the florets, like a hemiſphere bricatus, fquamis exterioribus oblongo- flattened, clofely imbricated, exterior ſcales ovatis, obtuſiufculis, margine membranaceis, oblong-ovate, ſomewhat blunt, the margin fufcis, interioribus lanceolatis, acutis. membranous and brown, interior fcales lan- ceolate and pointed. COROLLA compofita, radiata ; Diſcus luteus, con- COROLLA compound and radiate ; Centre yellow vexus ; Radius albus patens. and convex ; Circumference white and ſpread- ing COROLLULÆ Hermaphroditæ, tubulofæ, nume- FLORETS Hermaphrodite tubular, numerous, fun- rofæ, infundibuliformes, quinquefidæ, in nel-thaped, divided into five fegments, in diſco, fig. 1. Femininæ 16 circiter, in radio, the centre, fig. 1. Female about 16 in the oblongæ, obtufæ, tricrenatæ, fig. 5. circumference, oblong, obtufe, three-notch'd, fig. 5. ANTHERÆ flavæ, in tubum coalitæ, fig. 2. ANTHERÆ yellow, forming a tube, fig. 2. PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis: GERMEN oblongum, PISTILLUM of the Hermaphrodite flowers : GER- ftriatum, angulatum, glabrum, fig. 3. STY. MEN oblong, finely grooved, angular, LUS filiformis, ftaminibus longior; STIG- ſmooth, fig. 3. Style filiform, longer than MATA duo, ſubrevoluta, fuperne ad lentem the ſtamina ; STIGMATA two, rolled a little canaliculata, apicibus truncatis, craſſiuſculis, back, on the upper part channelled if mag- fig. 4. Femineis Germen et Stylus ut in nified, the tips truncated and thickiſh, fig. 4. Hermaphroditis ; Stigma fubfimile, laciniis of the Female flowers, Germen and STYLE minus revolutis, fig. 6. as in the Hermaphrodite flowers; STIGMA ſomewhat ſimilar, but leſs rolled back, fig. 6. SEMEN oblongum, baſi attenuatum, undique pro- SEED oblong, flenderer towards the baſe, deeply , , funde fulcatum, ex nigro-purpurafcens, fig. © grooved all round, and purpliſh black, fig. 7, 8. fig. 9. auct. o 7, 8. fig. 9. magn. This ſpecies of Chryſanthemum is extremely common in meadows and paſtures, ſometimes even on walls, and in corn-fields; it is a hardy perennial, increaſes greatly by feed, and flowers in June and July. As it is ſo prevalent in paſtures, it is of no ſmall conſequence to aſcertain how far it is agreeable to cattle, and, on ſuch occafions, the only guide we have at preſent to conſult, are the experiments of LINN ÆUS; from thoſe it appears that kine and ſwine refuſe it, but that horſes, ſheep, and goats feed on it. The freſh leaves chewed, diſcover a ſweetiſh, unpleaſant, ſlightly aromatic taſte, ſomewhat like Parfly, but not hot or biting; they have been recommended in diſorders of the breaſt, both aſthmatical and pthifical, and as diuretics, but are now ſeldom called for. As ſuch a number of beautiful double varieties of the Common Daiſy are met with in almoſt every garden, it has often been matter of wonder to us, that we never ſee this plant in a ſimilar ſtate: I have indeed been very credibly informed, that two double varieties of this plant exiſt in a garden near Air in Scotland, but never yet ſaw them. 0 a . HO 337 (14 the 5-- 6. Matricaria Chamomilla S.Sowerby del et foulp. GNL OF 3, CORN FEVERFEW, or , MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA. CAMOMILE. MATRICARIA Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENÉSIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemiſphæricus, imbricatus : marginalibus folidis, acutiuſculis. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS, CORYMBIFERÆ DICTÆ. MATRICARIA Chamomilla receptaculis conicis, radiis patentibus, ſquamis calycinis margine æqualibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 643. Sp. Pl. p. 1256. Fl. Suec. n. 764. MATRICARIA foliis planis capillaribus, duplicato-pinnatis, pinnulis lanceolatis bifidis trifidiſque. Haller. hiſt. n. 101. CHAMÆMELUM vulgare, Leucanthemum Diofcoridis. Bauh. pin. 135. CHAMÆMELUM Gerard. emac. 754. CHAMÆMELUM vulgare Parkinſ. 85. (qui vulgare cum nobili confundit) Raiz Syn. p. 185 Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 372. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 491. a e RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULIS pedalis, ad fefquipedalem, erectus, ramofus, STALK a foot, or a foot and a half high, upright, ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. , ſubanguloſus, ſtriatus, lævis. , branched, fomewhat. angular, ſtriated, and ſmooth. FOLIA faturate viridia, alterna, feffilia, lævia, pin- LEAVES of a deep green colour, alternate, feffile, nata, pinnis linearibus, inferioribus fimplici- bus, fuperioribus ramofis, pinnulis acutis, ſmooth, pinnated, the pinna linear, the lower mucronatis, divaricatis, cofta ſemilineam lata, ones ſimple, the upper ones branched, the pinnulæ or ſmall pinnä ſharp and terminat- carinata. ing in a ſhort point, divaricating, the midrib half a line broad, and keeled. PEDUNCULI erecti, ftriati, nudi, ſuperne fubincral-FLOWER STALKS upright, ftriated, naked, a little ſati. thickened above. FLORES albi, diſco e luteo-vireſcente. FLOWERS white, the diſk of a yellowiſh-green colour. CALYX communis hemifphæricus, fquamis plurimis, CALYX common to all the florets, hemiſpherical, imbricatis, obtufiufculis, apice fufcefcentibus, ſcales numerous, imbricated, ſomewhat ob- ſubmembranaceis, longitudine fere tubi flor- tuſe, the tips browniſh, and a little mem- culorum femineorum in radio, fig. 1. branous, almoſt the length of the tube of the female flowers in the circumference, fig. 1. FLOSCULI radii 13 circiter, feminei, oblongi, ſeſqui- FLOWERS of the radius about 13 in number, female, lineam lati, biſulci, tridentati, dentibus ob- oblong, a line and a half broad, two-grooved, tufiufculis, fig. 2. Stigma bifidum, flavum, three-toothed, teeth bluntiſh, fig. 2. STIGMA laciniis reflexis, fig. 3. bifid, yellow, the ſegments turned back, fig. 3. FLOSCULI diſci, numeroli, tubulofi, hermaphroditi, FLOWERS of the diſk, numerous, tubular, herma- quinquedentati, fig. 4. STIGMA bifidum, la- phrodite, five-toothed, fig. 4. Stigma bifid, ciniis reflexis, fig. 5. the ſegments turned back, fig: 5. SEMINA numeroſa, minuta, pallide fuſca, oblonga, SEEDS numerous, minute, of a pale brown colour, fulcata, fig. 6. oblong and grooved, fig. 6. RECEPTACULUM oblongum nudum. RECEPTACLE oblong and naked. The Matricaria Chamomilla, Anthemis Cotula, and Chryſanthemum inodorum, are three very common plants in the neighbourhood of London; as the two firſt are extremely ſimilar in their general appearance, and are often found growing together, we have publiſhed them in the ſame number, that an opportunity might be afforded of comparing and contraſting them. PARKINSON, deceived by their great fimilarity, makes only one plant of them; Mayweed, ſays he, is ſo like unto Chamomile, that I muſt needs join them together. The ſtudent who is acquainted with the mode of inveſtigating the generic character of each, will quickly diftinguiſh the one from the other ; on diffecting the heads , he will find the pointed paleæ which are fixed to the receptacle of the Anthemis totally wanting in the Matricaria ; but this knowledge, though highly necef- ſary, is not ſufficient for thoſe who would wiſh to know plants at firſt ſight, which is always deſirable; we ſhall therefore, in addition to the generic character, point out ſeveral others, in which they have appeared to us materially to differ from each other. Their place of growth affords but little diſtinction, they are both natives of corn-fields, both grow in them in the greateſt abundance, often together, frequently ſeparate, nor is it unuſual to find them on the confines of dunghills, and by road-fides; they both flower at the ſame time, from May to July and Auguft, both are annuals, and grow nearly to the fame height, but in the following particulars they differ : the whole plant in the Matricaria puts on a deep green colour, and ſomewhat ſhining appearance; the Anthemis , on the con- a trary, affumes a much paler hue, and the ſtalk is often covered with a kind of woolly ſubſtance: the leaves in the Matricaria are nearly as fine as thofe of fennel, which they diftantly reſemble; in the Anthemis they are almoſt twice as broad, and the points of them, which in the Matricaria are ſimple, in the Anthemis are often bifid. The Petals in both theſe plants begin to hang down in the evening, and continue to do ſo till morning; but thoſe of the Anthemis are in general much broader than thoſe of the Matricaria, and ſomewhat ſhorter ; but, in this particular, both plants are ſubject to great variation; the diſk of the flower in the Anthemis is not ſo prominent, but of a lighter yellow than that of the Matricaria. Such are the characters which preſent themſelves to the eye of an accurate obſerver, but there is another which will greatly afſift to corroborate, confirm, and render it impoſſible for the plants to be miſtaken, viz. the ſmell; if the heads of the Matricaria are bruiſed, they will be found to emit a ſtrong ſmell, ſomewhat reſembling the true Chamomile, but not fo pleaſant, while the heads of the Anthemis, treated in the ſame manner, ſmell intolerably diſagreeable; another circumſtance may alſo be added, the Matricaria is not known to bliſter the ſkin, in which alone it is perhaps leſs miſchievous to the huſbandman than the other: nor is the character which may be drawn from the feeds to be deſpiſed, thoſe of the Anthemis being broad and truncated at top, wrinkly, and of a deep brown colour when ripe, thoſe of the Matricaria much ſmaller, paler, and different in their ſhape, vid. fig. 6. July 7th, we diſcovered ſeveral larvæ feeding on this ſpecies, which produced the Caffida viridis.--Cattle in general refuſe the Matricaria.-In Sweden the flowers are uſed medicinally inſtead of the Anthemis nobilis. Mr. HUDSON, in our opinion, is perfectly juſtified, in making one plant of the Matricaria Chamomilla and fuaveolens ; Mr. LightFOOT, in his Flora Scotica, previouſly ſuggeſted that they were the ſame. We are ſurpriſed that Profeſſor MURRAY fhould adopt a ſpecies founded on ſuch vague characters as radiis deflexis and radiis patentibus. a to a IMO'MAND AULAJATAM MOMAD ното момиче ... АТАЛА android and 3 libertino foto ASTAR SEA MEMAD MUTAMA MUNDO odbe alam indbread ballo XOA cha UAO utolaadu osaltro op de DROI solomil tonin mahilig nailom ago oto isisavis Sans au WO bro ob OJ IA forest ho bol 294 4 3 2 3 6 Senecio crucejolis. NIL OF H mo SENECIO ERUCÆFOLIUS. HOARY RAGWORT. SENECIO Lin. Gen. Pl. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Cal. cylindricus, calyculatus: ſquamis apice . fphacelatis. Raii Syn. Gen. 7. HERBÆ FLORE COMPOSITO, SEMINE PAPPOSO NON LACTESCENTES FLORE DISCOIDE. SENECIO erucæfolius corollis radiantibus, foliis pinnatifidis dentatis fubhirtis, caule erecto. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 631. Sp. Pl. p. 1218. Fl. Suec. p. 750. JACOBÆA altiſſima, foliis erucæ artemiſiæve fimilibus et æmulis. Rupp. Jen. 164. JACOBA Senecionis folio incano perennis. Raii Syn. p. 177. Hoary perennial Ragwort with Goundfel leaves. Hudjon. Fl. Angl. p. 366. RADIX perennis, alba, plures turiones craſſitie pennæ & ROOT perennial, white, putting forth againſt the next anſerinæ, unciales, aut biunciales, fapore in- year ſeveral ſhoots, the thickneſs of a gooſe grato, in fequentem annum proferens. quill, an inch or two inches in length, of a diſagreeable taſte. CAULIS erectus, tripedalis, foliofus, rigidus, ſubſtria- STALK upright, three feet high, leafy, rigid, lightly tus, purpureus, lanuginoſus. ftriated, purple and woolly. FOLIA alterna, femiamplexicaulia, fubtus hirſuta, LEAVES alternate, half embracing the ſtalk, hairy etiam in cana, omnia pinnata ſeu potius pinna- underneath, and ſometimes white with down, tifida, pinnis linearibus, acutis, dentatis. all of them pinnated, or rather pinnatifid, the pinnæ linear, pointed and toothed. FLORES lutei, numeroſi, corymboſi, magnitudine fere FLOWERS yellow, numerous, almoſt the fize of the florum Senecionis Jacobæa. flowers of the common Ragwort, growing in a corymbus. CALYX communis fub-cylindraceus, ſulcatus, ſquamis CALYX common to all the florets, fomewhat cylindri- tredecim, æqualibus, margine membranaceis, cal, grooved, ſcales thirteen in number, equal, apicibus hirſuto-glandulofis, nulla nigredine membranous at the edge, the tips hairy and tinctis, fquamulis paucis linearibus adpreffis ad fomewhat glandular, not tinged with black, bafin, fig. 1. furniſhed with a few linear fcales at the baſe, which are preffed cloſe, fig. 1. COROLLA compofita, radiata, Floſculi feminei in radio COROLLA compound and radiate, Female flowers in tredecim circiter, patentes, oblongi, obfolete the circumference about thirteen in number, tridentati, fig. 2. Hermaphroditi numeroſi in ſpreading, oblong, faintly three-toothed, fig. 2. diſco, limbo quinquefido, fuberecto, fig. 3. Hermaphrodite flowers in the center numerous, the limb divided into five fegments and nearly upright, fig. 3. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque capillaria. AN- STAMINA: five capillary FILAMENTS. ANTHERÆ THERÆ in cylindrum coalitæ, fig. 5. united, and forming a cylinder, fig. 5. SEMEN oblongum, hifpidulum, pappo ſettli , fimplici SEED oblong, a little hifpid, furniſhed with feffile, inſtructum, fig. 6. fimple down, fig. 6. a * We have no doubt but the plant here figured is the facobea Senecionis folio incano perennis of Ray's Synopſis, ed. 3. p. 177. It certainly has a leſs jagged, and more groundſel-like leaf, than the common Ragwort. Its leaves and Atalks are alſo in general hoary, eſpecially the latter * ; and ſo far the deſcription diſcriminates; but why perennis ? fince both the aquaticus and Jacobea, with which it has the greateſt affinity, are conſidered as perennial. We believe alſo, that our plant is the facobea altiſſima, foliis Eruca Artemiſiave ſimilibus et æmulis of Ruppius F.. gen. ed. Hall. p. 176. And as this deſcriptive name appears among thoſe which LINNÆUS applies to his Erucæfolius, we confider ourſelves warranted in adopting his name of Erucefolius. Baron HALLER, who oftener makes ſpecies of varieties, than varieties of ſpecies, in the preſent inſtance conſiders this plant as a variety only of the facobaa. Profeffor JACQUIN, in his Flora Auſtriaca, gives a figure and deſcription of a Senecio, which he calls tenuifolius ; but as he adduces no fynonyms, and as his figure differs in ſome reſpect from our plant, though we ſtrongly ſuſpect it to be the ſame, we dare not conſider it as ſuch. The Senecio Erucæfolius, though not fo common as the Jacobaa, is not unfrequent in the neighbourhood of London in certain ſituations, particularly in the environs of woods, under hedges, among buſhes, &c. and no where more abundant than about the Oak of Honour Wood, near Peckham. The Jacobea, on the contrary, delights to grow in open hilly paſtures, church-yards, by road fides every where : nor do theſe plants differ lefs in their uſual period of flowering; the Erucefolius flowering chiefly in Auguſt, a month later than the other. a * This hoarineſs is moſt obſervable when the plant is young, or when it grows in a woody and hilly ſituation, which it chiefly affects. When it is found in a moiit foil, or cultivated in a grden, it loſes this character, in common with many other plants of the fame clais. ON AROO cories T More ORCHIS LATIFOLIA. MARSH ORCHI S. ORCHIS Lin. Gen. Pl. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Ne&tarium corniforme pone florem. Raii Syn. HERBÆ BULBOSIS AFFINES. ORCHIS latifolia bulbis ſubpalmatis rectis, nectarii cornu conico: labio trilobo lateralibus reflexo, bracteis flore longioribus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 14. p. 810. Sp. Pl. 1334. Fl. Suec. n. 801. ORCHIS radicibus palmatis, caule fiſtulofo, bra&tæis maximis, labello trifido ferrato: medio ſegmento obtuſo. Haller. hiſt. 1279. t. 32. ORCHIS latifolia. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1118. ORCHIS palmata pratenſis latifolia, longis calcaribus. Bauh. Pin. 85. PALMA CHRISTI mas. Ger. emac. 220. ORCHIS palmata mas f. Palma Chriſti mas. Park. 1356. ORCHIS palmata non maculata. I. B. II. 774. Raiz Syn. p. 380. The Male-Handed Orchis, or Male Satyrion Royal. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 516. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 385. © RADIX bulboſa, bulbis palmatis. ROOT bulbous, bulbs palmated, or handed. CAULIS plerumque pedalis aut feſquipedalis; ad STALK uſually a foot or a foot and a half high, apicem fere folioſus, craffus, fiftulofus, ſu- leafy almoſt to the top, thick, hollow, fome- perne ſubangulofus, glaber. what angular above, perfectly ſmooth. FOLIA e flavo viridia, ſuberecta, glabra, nobifcum LEAVES of a yellowiſh-green colour, nearly up- immaculata, pleriſque hujus generis et lon- right, ſmooth, ſpotleſs with us, and both giora et latiora. longer and broader than moſt of this tribe. FLORES nobiſcum fæpius roſei ſeu carnei, fæpe FLOWERS with us for the moſt part roſe or fleſh- purpurei, raro albi, fpicati, conferti. coloured, often purple, rarely white, grow- ing in a ſpike thickly together. SPICA fubovata, foliofa. SPIKE fomewhat ovate, and leafy. BRACTEÆ magnæ, acuminate, coloratæ, fig. 1. FLORAL-LEAVES large, long-pointed, and co- loured, fig. 1. COROLLA: petala quinque, duo exteriora ovato- COROLLA pentapetalous, the two outermoft ovato- lanceolata, ſuberecta, parum maculata, fig, lanceolate, nearly upright, ſpotted a little, 3. interiora conniventia, fig. 4. Calcar ger- fig. 3. the innermoſt cloſing together, fig. 4. mine brevius, conicum, incurvum, obtuſum. the Spur ſhorter than the germen, conical, incurved, and blunt. NECTARIUM obſolete trilobum lineolis et puncis NECTARY faintly three-lob’d, beautifully variegated faturatioribus pulchre variegatum, lateribus with ſmall lines and dots of a deeper co- per ætatem reflexis, fig. 2. lour, the ſides reflexed with age, fig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA duo; ANTHERÆ ſub- STAMINA: two FILAMENTS; ANTHER Æ roundiſh, rotundo-clavatæ, e luteo-vireſcentes, fig. 5. club-ſhaped, of a yellowiſh-green colour, auct. fig. 5. magnified. 0 ; The Orchis Latifolia is particularly diſtinguiſhed from the others, by growing (with us at leaſt) only in very wet meadows, where Valeriana dioica, Menyanthes trifoliata, and Lychnis Flos Cuculi, uſually abound, and from which circumſtance, we have called it Marſh Orchis, by its ſpotleſs foliage, which is of a yellowiſh- green colour, and by the uncommon length of the floral leaves, which give the ſpike a very leafy appearance. It comes neareſt to the maculata: Haller repreſents the leaves ſomewhat ſpotted, and Linnæus deſcribes them parum maculata ; we do not find them ſo in the neighbourhood of London ; but probably they may be ſo in other places: ſhould that be the caſe, theſe two plants will approach ftill nearer to each other. With us, pink is the moſt predominant colour of its bloſſoms, though they are frequently found purple, and ſometimes white; even in the ſame meadow. We need go no further than Batterſea-Meadows to find this plant in tolerable abundance ; at a greater diſtance from town it will be found much more plentifully; it flowers towards the latter end of May. It is more eaſily cultivated than many of the fame genus, and if planted in a moiſt border, in a mixture of bog earth and loam, will grow to a much greater ſize than is repreſented on the plate. a Orchis latifolia I sve do ON o Я bеrillia го ра он orer ано от SPARGANIUM RAMOSUM. GREAT BUR-REED. SPARGANIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Masc. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor.o. Stigma 2-fidum. Drupa exſucca, 1-ſperma. Raiï Syn. GRAMINIFOLIÆ NON CULMIFERÆ SINGULARES ET SUI ĠENERIS, SPARGANIUM ramoſum foliis bafi triangularibus, lateribus concavis, pedunculis ramofis. SPARGANIUM erectum foliis erectis triquetris. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 702. Sp. Pl. p. 1378. p. Fl. Suec. n. 831. SPARGANIUM caule foliiſque erectis. Haller hiſt. 1303. SPARGANIUM erectum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1146. Ger. emac. 45. SPARGANIUM ramoſum. Bauh. Pin. 15. Parkinſ. 1205 Raii Syn. 437: Branched Bur-Reed. Hudſon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 401. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 539. præter bractæas. 0 RADIX perennis, repens, radiculis fibrillis numero- & ROOT perennial, and creeping, the ſmall roots fiffimis inſtructis. furniſhed with very numerous fibres. CULMUS bipedalis, tripedalis, et ultra, erectus, STALK two, three feet high, or more, upright, , teres, glaber, folioſus, foliis tribus circiter, round, ſmooth, leafy, leaves about three in number beſides the floral leaves. FOLIA radicalia erecta, faturate viridia, culmo duplo 8 LEAVES next the root upright, of a deep green co- , fere longiora, baſi vaginantia, equitantia, lour, almoſt twice the length of the ftem, paulo fupra baſin fere ad apicem ufque tri- ſheathy at bottom and riding one on the quetra, latere interiore planiuſculo, duobus other, from the baſe nearly, almoſt to the exterioribus concavis. top three-cornered, the inner fide almoſt flat, the two outermoft hollow. BRACTEÆ quatuor circiter, foliis caulinis ſubfimiles, FLORAL-LEAVES about four in number, fome- inferioribus longioribus. what like the leaves of the ſtalk, the lower- moft longeft. FLORES monoici, in capitula collecti, fpicati. FLOWERS monoicous, formed into little heads, and growing in ſpikes. PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, flexuoſi , multiflori, FLOWER-STALKS growing from the bofoms of capitulis feffilibus, inferioribus femineis, the leaves, alternate, crooked, ſupporting duobus aut tribus, fuperioribus mafculis plu- many flowers, the little heads feffile, the ribus; pedunculi fupremi flores maſculos lowermoft ones female, two or three in tantum gerunt. number, the uppermoſt ones male, and more numerous ; the uppermoſt flower-ſtalks bear only male flowers. CALYX Flor. Maſc. Amentum commune, ſubro- CALYX of the Male Flowers. One common roundiſh tundum, undique denfiffime imbricatum, Catkin, cloſely imbricated on every ſide, and conſtans Perianthiis propriis plerumque tri- compoſed of numerous individual Perianthia, phyllis, baſi linearibus, apice ovato-acutis, conſiſting for the moſt part of three leaves, deciduis, fig. 1. auct. linear at the baſe, ovate and pointed at top, and deciduous, fig. 1. magnified. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA none. STAMINA: FILAMENTA plerumque tria, capillaria, STAMINA: uſually three capillary FILAMENTS, longitudine calycis; ANTHER Æ oblongæ, the length of the calyx; Antheræ oblong, flavæ, fig. 2. yellow, fig. 2. CALYX Flor. Fem. Perianthium ut in maſculo, at CALYX of the Female Flowers. A Perianthium as baſi latior, magis concavus, nec deciduus, in the males, but broader at the baſe, more concave, and not deciduous, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongo-ovatum, angula- PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongo-ovate, angular, tum, definens in STYLUM brevem ſubula- terminating in a ſhort tapering STYLE; tum ; STIGMA oblongum ad unum latus STIGMA oblong, villous on one ſide, fig. 4. villoſum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: DRUPA exſucca, turbinata cum SEED-VESSEL: a juiceleſs DRUPE, turban-ſhaped acumine, inferne angulata, fig. 5. and pointed; angular below, fig. 5. SEMEN: Nuces duæ, ofleæ, oblongo-ovatæ, fig. 6. SEEDS: two bony Nuts, of an oblong ovate ſhape, , ; 0 0 fig. 3. 0 fig. 6. The Sparganium ramoſum having a very ſtrong creeping root, is one of thoſe plants which very foon fill up a ditch or piece of water, if ſuffered to remain unmoleſted; we have not ſeen it more plentiful any where than in the Iſle of Dogs, the ditches of which are full of it. а. We know of no uſe to which it is applicable. The ſtalk is liable to be eaten by fome kind of larva whoſe hiſtory we have not yet diſcovered, the leaves by the larva of a Tenthredo unknown to us, as well as by the larva of the Phalæna Feſtucce-two of which in their Chryſalis ftate, we this year, Auguſt 24, 1786, found in a web under the leaves of the plant, in a pond near Malden in Eſſex; and on the leaves of the ſame plant, at the ſame time and place, Dr.GOOD ENOUGH and myfelf were fo fortunate as to find two ſpecimens of that rare infect the Sphex fillipes Linnæi. The male flowers vary much in the number of their ſtamina, and both forts in the number of the leaves of the calyx. In treating of the Typha latifolia, we promiſed, when we gave a figure of this plant, to inform our readers whether its ſeeds vegetated: we have fince then had an opportunity of obſerving one of its heads, as it lay in a wet ſituation, allume a green colour, which, on a careful examination, it was found to owe to the feeds having juſt begun to vegetate, 342 ufparganium ramosum. GN 341 Sparganium simpler. J. Sowerby del et fouir. mid NIL SPARGANIUM SIMPLEX. SMALL BUR-REED. SPARGANIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Masc. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus, Cor. o. FEM. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. o. Stigma 2-fidum. Drupa ex fucca, 1-ſperma. Raii Syn. GRAMINIFOLI E NON CULMIFERÆ SINGULARES ET sui generisa SPARGANIUM Simplex foliis bafi triangularibus, lateribus planis, pedunculis fimplicibus SPARGANIUM fimplex foliis enfiformibus planis, caule fimplici, Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 401. SPARGANIUM natans foliis decumbentibus planis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 702. Sp. Pl. 1378. SPARGANIUM non ramoſum. Bauh. Pin. 15. SPARGANIUM non ramoſum. Parkinſ. 1205. Raiz Syn. p. 437. n. 2, 3. Bur-reed not branched. LINNÆUS makes only two fpecies of the genus Sparganium, one of which he calls erectum, and the other natans; the former he deſcribes as very common in ditches and fiſh-ponds, the latter peculiar to lakes and deep waters. Older Botaniſts deſcribe three ſpecies, the ramoſum, the non ramoſum, and the minimum; the non ramoſunt LINNÆUS conſiders as a variety of his erectum ; it is this plant which we here give a figure of, from a thorough conviction of its being a ſpecies perfectly diſtinct from the common one, whether it differs ſpecifically from the natans we do not take on us at preſent to determine: Mr. LIGHTFOOT, who has ſeen the natans in many places in Scotland, pronounces it a ſpecies ; Mr. Hudson, on the contrary, conſiders it as a variety of the preſent plant ;-certain it is, foil and ſituation will occaſion an amazing difference in the appearance of plants; we need only look at the Polygonum amphibium to be convinced of this ; when it grows on land its leaves are all erect, in the water they float; the leaves of the Feſtuca fluitans float in the ſpring ; as the fummer advances they grow upright; poſſibly the depth and conſequent coldneſs of the water, with other circumſtances, may occaſion the preſent plant to aſſume the floating appearance which authors deſcribe :- culture, perhaps, can only decide this matter :-let the experiment turn out as it may, as there are found to be two ſpecies with erect leaves, it became neceſſary to alter Linnæus's names, which Mr. Hudson having judiciouſly done we have adopted them. We ſhall now point out the ſeveral characters in which the preſent plant has appeared to us to differ from the ramoſum. It differs in its place of growth, In its fize, In the colour and ſhape of its leaves, In the branchedneſs of its flower-ſtalks, and In the colour of the male and female flowers. The commom Bur-Reed grows in almoſt every ditch in the neighbourhood of London, the ſmall one on the contrary is found only in particular ſpots, particularly in ſuch pools of water as one meets with on heaths, and which are frequently made by the digging of gravel, along with the Myriophyllum, the Aliſma Damafonium, Sifon inundatum, Scirpus fluitans, &c. It particularly abounds on Batterſea Common, juſt before you enter Wandſworth on the left-hand fide from London, and flowers during the whole of the fummer. It is feldom found more than one fourth part ſo high as the Sparganium ramoſum. a The leaves incline much more to a yellow colour, and inſtead of being hollow on two fides near the baſe, as thoſe of the ramoſum are, they are flat, ſo that a tranſverſe ſection forms a triangle with nearly plain fides; we look on this as its beſt ſpecific character. Such as have opportunities of obſerving the natans, will do well to obſerve whether its leaves are fimilar near the baſe. Each flower-ſtalk ſupports only a ſingle globule of male or female flowers ; the lowermoſt which ſupport the female flowers vary conſiderably in length, being ſometimes more than an inch long, and at other times feffile. The flowers before they blow look yellow, and have none of that blackneſs about them, fo conſpicuous in thoſe of the ramoſum : they are alſo larger in proportion. USE oledo MUTTA MUTTA MOMOA til VO ora logo NOV 22 on . toldsdot ar to as Voodoo Pronos 19 din. WOTE lety of care. neid abi ir ow morbos ved TO JE botage Sto suo figo porla Sam bao LO 336 3 Mercurialis annua не J. Sowerby del:et fculp. 3 cm nie MERCURIALIS ANNUA. 'ANNUAL, or FRENCH MERCURY. MERCURIALIS Lin. Gen. Pl. DioectA ENNEANDRIA. Masc. Cal. 3-partitus. Cor. o. Stam. 9-f. 12. Antheræ globola didyme. FÆm. Cal. 3-partitus. Cor. o. Styli 2. Capf. dicocca, 2-locularis; 1-ſperma. MERCURIALIS annua caule brachiato, foliis glabris, floribus fpicatis. Lin. Syſt. Vegetab. p. 746 Spec. Pl. p. 1465. MERCURIALIS caule annuo, brachiato, foliis conjugatis, ovato lanceolatis, glabris. Haller hift: n. 1600. MERCURIALIS Cynocrambe Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1226. MERCURIALIS teſticulata, five mas Diofc. et Plinii. Bauhin pin. 121. MERCURIALIS ſpicata, five fæmina, Diofc. et Plinii. Bauhin pin. 121. MERCURIALIS vulgaris mas et femina. Park. 295. MERCURIALIS mas et femina. Ger. emac. 332. MERCURIALIS annua glabra vulgaris. Raiz Syn. p. 139. French Mercury, the male and female, Hudſon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 435 RADIX annua, fibroſa, alba, ROOT annual, fibrous, of a white colour. CAULIS pedalis ad ſeſquipedalem, erectus, glaber, STALK a foot or a foot and a half high, upright; ad bafin ufque ramoſus, geniculatus, geniculis ſmooth, branched quite to the bottom, incraſſatis, ſubcompreſſis, anceps, idque jointed, the joints fwelled, and ſomewhat alterne. flattened, a prominent line runs on each fide of the ſtalk, from one joint to another, and that alternately, RAMI alterne oppofiti, foliofi, cauli fubfimiles. BRANCHES alternately oppoſite, leafy, fomewhat like the ſtalk. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, obtufiuſcula, pa- LEAVES oppoſite, ſtanding on footſtalks, ovate, tentia, baſi biglanduloſa, obtuſe ſerrata, ad oluntih, ſpreading, having two glands at lentem ciliata, utrinque glabra, lucidiuſcula, the baſe, obtufely ſerrated, if magnified venofa. edged with hairs, ſmooth on each fide, fomewhat glofly, and veiny. PETIOLI foliis multo breviores, glabri, fupra cana- LEAF-STALKS much ſhorter than the leaves, liculati. ſmooth, channelled above. STIPULÆ quatuor, ad genicula, utrinque binæ, STIPULÆ four at each joint, two on each fide, very minimæ. minute. PEDUNCULI florum mafc. axillares, oppofiti, erecti, FLOWER-STALKS of the male flowers axillary, nudi, filiformes, foliis longiores, ſubtetra- oppoſite, upright, naked, filiform, longer goni, fuperne proferentes glomerulos plures than the leaves, ſomewhat four-cornered, florum, feffiles, odore fambuci. producing towards the top, ſeveral round, feffile, fmall cluſters of flowers, having the ſmell of elder. CALYX : PERIANTHIUM tripartitum, foliolis ovatis, & CALYX: a PeriANTHIUM deeply divided into three acutis, patentibus, fig. 1. ſegments, which are ovate, pointed, and ſpreading, fig. 1. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting: STAMINA: FILAMENTA plerumque novem, alba, STAMINA: generally nine FILAMENTS, white and capillaria; ANTHER E didymæ, flavæ, fig. 2. very fine; ANTHER Æ double, and yellow, fig. 2. FLORES FÆMINEI in diſtinctâ plantâ. FEMALÉ FLOWERS on a ſeparate plant. PEDUNCULI axillares, foliis breviores, fæpius biflori, FLOWER-STALKS axillary, ſhorter than the leaves, inter flores fæmineos aliquando obfervatur generally fuftaining two flowers; among the mafculus imperfectus, longius productus. female flowers we ſometimes find an imper- fect male flower ftanding on a longer foot- ſtalk. CALYX ut in mare, niſi quod foliola paulo minora, CALYX as in the male, except that the leaves are a fig. 3. little ſmaller, fig. 3. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA, wanting. NECTARIA duo, fubulata, utrinque ad latus ger- NECTARIES two, tapering, one growing ſingly on minis folitaria, fig: 4. each fide of the germen, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, didymum, PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundiſh, double, flattened, compreffum, hiſpidum ; STYLUS vix ullus; hiſpid; STYLE ſcarce any : STIGMAT A two; STIGMATA duo, ſubulata, patentia, longitu- tapering, ſpreading, on the upper fide hiſpid dinaliter fuperne hiſpida, fig. 5: lengthwiſe, fig. 5 PERICARPIUM: CAPSULA didyma, echhinata, bilo- SEED-VESSEL a twin CAPSULE, prickly, having cularis. two cavities. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento globoſum, SEED one in each cavity, globular, cheſnut coloured extus caſtaneum, intus album. without, white within. a We can diſcover no fatisfactory reaſon for calling this fpecies by the name of French Mercury, as it is not peculiar to France, but found with us, in a variety of places : Ray mentions it as growing plentifully on the fea-beach, near Ryde, in the Iſle of Wight; and PARKINSON, near a village called Brookeland, in Romney- Marſh, Kent: it would appear to be more common now than formerly, as we very frequently meet with it in wafle places, by the ſides of roads, and in neglected gardens, in the neigbourhood of London. The ; The Dogs Mercury was at one period thought to be an innocent plant, its poiſonous qualities were diſcovered by accident: the Annual, or French Mercury, has, at preſent, the reputation of being not only harmleſs, but to poffeſs medicinal virtues ; it is of ſome confequence then for us rightly to diſtinguiſh the two, and in this there is little difficulty. The Dogs Mercury has a ſtrong, creeping, perennial root; this an annual one: the Dogs Mercury flowers only in the Spring; this the whole Summer long: the Dogs Mercury has an unbranched item ; this a ſtalk branched down to the bottom. The Annual Mercury has been ranked among the emollient oleraceous herbs; it is ſaid gently to looſen the belly ; its principal uſe has been in glyfters. The whole plant, particularly when in flower, has a ſtrong ſmell of Elder. INGUM The fine blue colour which the Dog's Mercury acquires in drying, has induced feveral perſons to believe, that the plant, if properly treated, might be made, as well as many others, to produce Indigo: this induced Mr. MACINTOSH, an ingenious young gentleman of Glaſgow, to make the following chemical analyſis of it, with which he was ſo obliging as to favour me; and though it does not come under the proper plant, we apprehend no apology will be neceſſary for inſerting it here. ** The whole plant, on being put into water, gives out a fine blue colour, which is immediately changed 6s into a green by the addition of an alcali; but an acid has not the power of changing its colour into red, " as it does most blue liquors, it only weakens the blue, and if a large quantity be added, it nearly deſtroys * it. The whole plant, on being dried, affumes a blue colour, which it gives out readily to water; but in ç all caſes, if a boiling heat be uſed, it only acquires a deep dirty green, which changes gradually into a browniſh red. Upon agitating violently the blue liquor, I always found it was changed into a brown colour, the blue being entirely loft, and not to be recovered by any means I could fall could fall upon. There falls \ during this proceſs, a ſmall quantity of precipitate, which is alſo brown. If the blue liquor be evaporated, * the whole is likewiſe changed into the fame browniſh colour, and a ſimilar precipitate falls, which, on “ being put into water, gives it a dark red colour. Newly-flacked lime put into the blue liquor, firſt changes it into a green, which is very ſoon after deſtroyed. I have obſerved in the beginning of the evaporation, a blue fecula upon the ſides of the veſſel, but always before the end of the proceſs, the whole $6 was of the browniſh colour mentioned above." 66 a 66 lo do ANO MOORUMAS Contodectve tont of scholen olosita calon USZOR layar soni MO 08 . tyto bonvoi mi u shilgtone yllustraty bossonovni suprurgia ocudironis eiublino det ta from als obre odon si voliori Dede data asti o ono na AT - toituburimet babou 219112 7 hizoidal batolatut being slide antigos tag 100 bus abortioomit bazit van tot TO SVAD .bsruolo -otong bord dans sobib Wo MATE us allons de cilindrid Susieurs yoqqill gato mod vlasnosti diul etdirilog att origindo vartosimo be Sivdul 1 bordolo sono molto 015 Toittaa Todavisno Bir OTO sraio Lomamoto SILVA patogodbine blind od hobortrol ind old for too late to Beilanova STOG stop od i od tog Forrobortit tiri gobe buurt A ON TO ATTOO YA a tento . Luonna uder ito di beno solo og autasd: avalda genio fra o ube nos van bzon 0718 od Dato The AGARICUS AURANTIUS. ORANGE MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Linnæi Gen. Pl CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis ſubtus lamelloſus. Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS aurantius pileo conico viſcido aurantio, lamellis luteis, ſtipite nudo. Lightfoot. Flor. Scot. p. 1025 AMANITA glutinofus, flavus, pileo umbonato. Haller. bift. n. 2420. FUNGUS parvus, lubricus, aureus, lamellis raris, amplioribus, pediculo craſſiore. Mich. p. 147. FUNGUS aurantii coloris capitulo in conum abeunte. Vaillant Bot. Par. p.67. FUNGUS pratenſis minor, externe viſcidus, ftriis fubtus fulvis ſeu croceis. Raii Syn. p. 8. n. 38. ? In paſcuis elatioribus folitarius plerumque invenitur, fat Found plentifully enough with us in elevated paſtures, copiofe nobifcum. and for the moſt part fingly. STIPES uncialis, ad triuncialem, nudus, fiſtulofus, fra- STALK from one to three inches high, naked, hollow, gilis, et admodum fiffilis, craſſiuſculus, ſubtili- brittle, and much diſpoſed to ſplit, thickih, ter ſtriatus, lævis, fæpe tortuofus, plerumque finely ſtriated, ſmooth, often twiſted, and for the moſt part ſaffron-coloured. croceus. PILEUS uncialis, aut biuncialis, raro triuncialis, utplu- STALK one or two, ſeldom three inches broad, gene- rimum conicus, præfertim in junioribus, lubri- rally conical, eſpecially when young, flippery, cus, et ſubviſcidus, primo coccineus, dein and ſomewhat clammy, at firſt of a bright croceus, ſeu aurantius, demum niger; non- ſcarlet colour, then ſaffron or orange-coloured, nulli formam conicam retinent uſque ad diffo- and finally black; fome preferve their conical lutionem, alii plani fiunt vertice tumeſcente. form even in decay, others become flat with a prominent crown. LAMELLÆ primo albidæ, dein fubcroceæ, fi contun- GILLS firſt whitiſh, afterwards ſomewhat faffron- dantur ftatim nigrefcentes. coloured, on being bruiſed quickly becoming black. As this Fungus is ſo diſtinguiſhable for its colours, ſo diſtinct in its ſpecific characters, and withal fo common, it is matter of admiration that we do not find more notice taken of it by Authors. Mr. Lightfoot in his Flora Scotica has given an accurate deſcription of it, which cannot fail of making it known: he quotes SCHÆffer's figure, which repreſents our plant, and adopts his name of aurantius. Mr. HUDSON does not mention it; and we are not certain whether the plant we refer to in Ray be ours or not. As well as Mr. LIGHT FOOT, we had our doubts whether it was the fragilis of Linnæus; but conſidering his deſcription, as well as that of VAILLANT, who gives a figure to which LINNÆUS refers, we are certain it muſt be a different plant. If the fragilis of Mr. HUDSON be the fragilis of LINNÆUS, it is a very different plant from ours indeed. Vid. SchÆFF. Ic. tab. 230. to which he refers. a This Fungus is by no means uncommon in elevated paſtures, particularly where Eye-bright grows. It is uſually dwarfiſh on heaths; but where the graſs is not clofe fed, it is found with a ſtalk three inches high. The brilliancy of its colour foon ſtrikes the eye. We may obſerve, that this colour is moſt vivid, or moſt inclined to red in the young ones. As it grows old, it becomes yellower, and quickly changes quite black. Indeed it has an extraordinary tendency to turn black, not only from age, but from the flighteſt bruiſe. The ſtalk is alſo brittle, and very apt to ſplit. It is found in perfection about the middle of September. It does not poffefs any particular acrimony; but is not numbered with ſuch as may be eaten with ſafety. 3 CT 4 7 8 个 ​Agaricus aurantis. OV OF 302 2 Z 3 AN 6 5 4 Agaricus aruginoms o OF CH. AGARICUS ÆRUGINOSUS. VERDIGRIS MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Linnæi Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamelloſus: Raii Syn. Gén. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS æruginoſus ftipitatus, annulatus, annulo ſuperne nigricante; pileo convexo, cæruleo, viridi, vifcofo, lamellis purpureo-fuſcis. AGARICUS viridis ſtipitatus pileo convexo viridi, lamellis albidis, ftipite longo vireſcente. Hudſon Fl. Angl. p. 614. AMANITA anulatus, pileo convexo cæruleo viridi, lamellis rofeo cæruleis. Haller. hiſt. n. 2444. FUNGUS medius pileo muco æruginei coloris obducto. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p.6. Deering Catal. Stirp.p. 80. FUNGUS pileolo cucullato, viſcido, intenſe viridi, et quaſi , vernigine oblito, inferne lamellis et pediculo albis. Micheli p. 152. AGARICUS. Schæf. Icon. tab. 1. a e a Solitarius, et cæſpitoſus in fylvis et pafcuis nafcitur, Grows ſingly, and in cluſters, in woods and paſtures, rarior nobiſcum. ſcarce with us. STIPES biuncialis, feu triuncialis, ex albo virefcens, STALK two or three inches high, of a greenith white fiftulofus, annulatus, infra annulum floc- colour, hollow, ruffled, below the ruffle coſus, teres, fubfragilis, fupra annulum lævis, ſhaggy, round, ſomewhat brittle, above the fubftriatus, ad baſin lanuginofus, raro ſtrictus. ruffle ſmooth, and ſlightly ſtriated, at the baſe woolly, feldom perfectly ſtraight. ANNULUS perſiſtens, tenuis, ſuperne ſtriatus, e fuſco RUFFLE permanent, flender, on the upper fide ſtriated nigricans, inferne vireſcens. and of a blackiſh purple colour, on the under fide greeniſh. PILEUS unciam aut duas latus, primo convexo-conicus, CAP from one to two inches broad, at firſt ſomewhat ex cærulæo-viridis, lubricus et fubviſcidus, roundiſh, yet conical, the colour of verdigris, lævis, prope marginem et in margine ipfa ſlippery and ſomewhat viſcid, ſmooth, except floccis albidis adíperfus, demum planus aut near the edge, and on the edge itſelf, where it parum concavus, e fuſco-luteſcens, cuticula is covered with a whitiſh, ſhaggy ſubſtance, facile ſeparanda. finally flat, or a little concave, of a yellowiſh brown colour, the cuticle eaſily peeled off. LAMELLÆ numerofæ, brevioribus interjectis, e fuſco- GILLS numerous, with ſhorter ones intervening, of a purpurafcentes, parum nebulofæ, demum ni- browniſh purple colour, a little clouded, gricantes. finally blackish. Amidſt that variety of colour obſervable in the Fungi, there are few in which the green predominates ſo much as in the prefent ſpecies: hence it affords an obvious character. But, alas ! in theſe plants of a day, we muſt not lay too much ſtreſs on colour: nimium ne crede colori cannot be better applied to any ſubject. It is, however, chiefly in its decline that it loſes that verdigris green, which on its firſt appearance renders it fo conſpicuous, the cap being often found of a pale yellowiſh brown colour, and ſometimes variegated with green, yellow, and black. The viſcidity of the cap is as conſtant a character as its green colour, and this alſo is moſt obſervable in the young ones, eſpecially in the morning, or in ſhowery weather; for in a very dry atmoſphere the moſt viſcid Fungi loſe their viſcidity. Next to the greeneſs and vifcidity of the cap, we may remark, that the edge of it, where it breaks from the annulus, is very apt to be ragged: we have alſo found, that the outer ſkin of the cap has an unuſual tendency to ſeparate from the fleſh. The gills, from the very beginning, are of a purpliſh brown colour; and the annulus or ruffle, while connected to the edge of the pileus, receives from the gills a fine powder, which communicates to the upper part of it a dark brown tint; this, contraſted with the light colour on the underſide, forms a very conſpicuous character. The ſtalk below the ruffle is uſually of a blueifh green colour, and ſhaggy. This Fungus is not very common with us. Several of them appeared this autumn, in a grafs plat in my garden ; and I have obſerved twenty or thirty in Earl Mansfield's little wood near the Spaniard, Hampſtead-Heath, where, if the ſeaſon be not remarkably unfavourable, they are with certainty to be found about the middle of September. It has no acrid or diſagreeable taſte; nevertheleſs, we do not venture to pronounce it an eatable one. RAY's deſcription, though a ſhort one, and ScHÆFFER's figure, accord exactly with our plant. HALLER quotes SCHÆFFER: we therefore conclude from that circumſtance, as well as from the confonancy of his deſcription, that our plant is the ſame as his; and Micheli, who is alſo quoted by Haller, gives a deſcription fo exactly correſponding with RAY's, that we have no doubt but his alſo is the fame as ours. Whether our plant be the viridis of Mr. Hudson, we have our doubts; for he quotes authors who deſcribe two different Fungi; at the ſame time that he quotes SCHÆFFER, tab. 1, (our plant), and HALLER, n. 2444, (our plant), he refers to Micheli, Ray, and SCOPOLI, who deſcribe another Fungus. Scopoli gives to his the name of virens ; part of his DIAGN. is Stipes nudus. RAY quotes the Fungus magnus viridis of STERBECK, and the ſylvarum aſper eſculentus, ſeu ex albo virefcens of J. BAUHINE: and Micheli thus deſcribes his, Fungus eſculentus, pileo pulvinato, viridi , inferne cum pedi- culo albo. This deſcription is quoted by Scopoli for his virens. Thus it would appear that theſe two are different ſpecies; we muſt leave it to Mr. Hudson to reconcile theſe contradictory fynonyma. It could be wiſhed, that every Fungus was as diſtinct in its characters as the preſent, we ſhould then foon fee order ſpring from that chaos in which this tribe of plants has been conſidered as ſo long involved; not but that chaos which LINNÆvs and other Botaniſts have ſo much lamented, is rather to be conſidered as a creature of their own imagination than as the child of nature. The more we look into theſe variable plants, the more we are convinced that our ignorance of them depends on our inattention and want of obſervation. Beſtow the ſame pains on them as on other plants, obſerve them in all their ſtates, in all their varieties of ſituation, and we ſhall find that each of them has ſome peculiarity of character. The diſcovery of this character is what we ſhould aim at; but this will not be found in the cloſet. We may read over, with the moſt ſedulous attention, BATARRA, MICHELI, GLEDITSCH, and Haller, or turn over the multitudinous plates of SCHÆFFER to little purpoſe: to know the Fungi well we muſt watch them daily and yearly ; in ſhort we muſt live with them. a DUE CAOUTUOTIADA ORD ADOTTA kosto bitions ovo della stagiriano quanto OUT osoft dit ook CUSTO 108 olcsibats ells glesola ellos policALEN cdo titolo ingresavimo do ovoup to main bola lolo 2000 auple ОА er bra aboov ni baada orio 155 todo o to to zdani and no os casos and 24T of woollo molog oft mustastola sds svodi dobro ivecotumas nutidol 2011 2010 bilt bon vb contre tonigunted be used sicer v obcowalud Bairroquia blog or out UJUMLA a obited and to be i prostii aimoirpion - Doo AD mite subsis casion W zirriter of doing stron obroty olo o soon boty na bat og Fiorow togloss baby ibidla fool och vi for School VEDO brigo To bola 70 g dodomun RIIVA Sabtrola sta istuu பா Tot aivot daar Ylion siyasi hud oko stalo omil volba lo fice по нашето dio sa lol DIS tarot bolsos oder beso Gol sobilosti tobus, TH dobre odras and og no outs HIM 2 to be Cobbs nossord tud on botoa todo wisdom Loue berwsrom door attie sva do 20 700 bal leak woont on Tid audzis rois todos osito HTD1209175 auclub slow igen or work on elan o sababu . bon Dot bution d FORUMAS mine cola Globetrotell inweise douanto donna bowe combate ao algunstiri alloons AGARICUS CARNOSUS. FLESHY MUSHROOM. AGARICUS carnofus pileo convexo albo, medio rufeſcente, lamellis confertis albis carne pilei duplo anguſtioribus. In fylvis acerofis habitat nobiſcum rarior, autumno Found with us in pine woods in the autumn, ſcarce. vigens. Solitarius plerumque invenitur, ſubinde ceſpitoſus. Is generally found growing ſingly, ſometimes in cluſters. STIPES - triuncialis et ultra, magnitudine fere digiti STALK three inches high and upwards, almoſt the , minimi, craffus, nudus, fiſtuloſus, carne dia- thickneſs of the little finger, clumſy, naked, metro tubi, firmus, albidus, fæpe rubro macu- hollow, the fleſh the diameter of the tube, latus, parum ftriatus, bafi intra folia pini firm, whitiſh, often ſpotted with red, faintly emortua deſcendente. ftriated, the baſe deſcending amongſt the dead pine leaves. PILEUS uncialis, ad triuncialem, albidus, medio ru- CAP from one to three inches in diameter, reddiſh in , beſcens, et hinc inde maculis concoloribus the middle, and here and there blotched with adſperſus, lævis, carnofus, carne multo, folido, ſpots of the ſame colour, ſmooth, fleſhy, the albo, primo convexus, dein planiuſculus, nec fleſh abundant, folid, white, firſt convex, acris, nec lacteſcens. finally almoſt flat, neither acrid nor milky. LAMELLÆ numerofiffimæ, albidæ, anguftæ, fefqui- GILLS exceedingly numerous, whitiſh, narrow, a line lineam latæ, brevioribus interjectis, demum and a half broad, ſhorter ones intervening, rufeſcentes. finally of a reddiſh brown colour. a We can find no certain traces of this fungus either in the figures or deſcriptions of authors; at leaſt in thoſe of our own country. This may perhaps ariſe, from its being a local, or at leaſt not a common muſhroom. We have hitherto found it only in Lord Mansfield's ſmall pine wood, Hampſtead, and there in no great plenty ; but having obſerved them in the ſame ſpot, and aſſuming the ſame character for ſeveral ſucceſſive years, we are perfectly ſatisfied of its being a very diſtinct ſpecies. This autumı, Sept. 22, we found about twenty of them. It is in ſome degree characteriſed by the fingularity of its colour. We have few fungi that have a white Pileus, with a reddiſh diſk, and that, together with the ſtalk, irregularly blotched with the fame colour; but it is more diſtinguiſhed by the quantity of fleſh both in the Pileus and Stipes. It is this which gives it an unuſual degree of firmneſs to the touch, and has induced us to beſtow on it the name of carnofus. Chewed, it diſcovers no unpleaſant taſte; but notwithſtanding this circumſtance, and notwithſtanding its tempting appearance, we muſt, till we have further proofs of its innocence, place it at leaſt among the fufpicious fungi. a а 315 i Agaricus (07110 HA JSomere deler til ON 312 J. Sowerby del:et faulp. Agaricus verrucosus. . N Bich AGARICUS VERRUCOSUS. WARTY MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Lin. Gen. Pl. CRYPTOGAMIA FUNGI. Fungus horizontalis, ſubtus lamellofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 1. FUNGI. AGARICUS verrucoſus ftipitatus, ftipite bulbofo, annulato, annulo laxo, pendulo, pileo verrucoſo, lamellis albis. . AGARICUS muſcarius ſtipitatus, lamellis dimidiatis folitariis, ftipite volvato : apice dilatato, baſi ovato. Lin. Syft. Veg. p. 826. Spec. Pl. 1640. Fl. S. 449. AGARICUS verrucoſus cauleſcens, pileo convexo cinereo, verrucis lamellifque albis. Hudſon. Fl. Angl. p.613. Lightfoot p. 1012. AMANITA petiolo procero fiſtuloſo annulato, pileolo plano ftriato verrucoſo ſordido lamellis albis. Haller Hiſt. n. 2397- AMANITA petiolo annulato, pileo fanguineo, lamellis albis. Haller Hift. 11. 2373. LEUCOMYCES gemmatus. Batar. tab. 6. B. LEUCOMYCES fpeciofior. Batarra tab. 6. A. AGARICUS muſcarius. Scopoli Fl. Carn. 1. 1459. FUNGORUM pernicioforum. Gen. 12. Spec. 4. Cluf. p. 280. Scheffer. Icon. Fung. t. XX. LXXIV ? XC. XCI. CCXLI. CCLVIII? CCLÔI. Solitarie nafcitur in fylvis frequens. Frequent in woods growing fingly. a STIPES palmaris et ultra, craſſitie digiti minimi, feu STALK a hand's breadth or more in height, the thick- intermedii, ad bafin femper bulbofus, teres, ex nefs of the little or middle finger, always albo-rubefcens, et maculatus, non raro fla- bulbous at its baſe, round, of a reddiſh white vefcens, annulatus. colour and ſpotted, not unfrequently yellowiſh, and furniſhed with a ring or ruffle. a ANNULUS magnus, perfiftens, pendulus, plerumque RING or ruffle large, permanent, pendulous, for the ftriatus, ex lamellis impreſſis. moſt part ftriated. PILEUS duas, tres, aut etiam quatuor uncias latus, CAP two, three, or even four inches broad, at firſt primo fubrotundus, dein hemiſphericus, de- roundiſh, then hemiſpherical, laſtly flat, on mum planus, ad marginem ſuperne obſolete the upper fide, faintly ſtriated at the margin, ftriatus, varii coloris, fæpius vero aut fordide various in its colour, but moſt commonly either ruber medio ſaturatius colorato, aut flaveſcens ; of a dingy red, ſtrongeſt in the middle, or plerumque verrucoſus, interdum nudus, ver- yellowiſh, for the moſt part warty, fometimes rucis albidis. bare, the warts whitiſh. LAMELLÆ numerofæ, brevioribus interjectis, hori- GILLS numerous, ſhorter ones intervening, horizon- zontales, primo albæ, demum fordide carneæ. tal, at firſt white, laſtly of a dirty fleſh colour. a a Moſt modern authors conſider the Agaricus verrucofus and muſcarius as different ſpecies. Mr. LIGHTFOOT, ſuggeſts, that they may be only varieties differing in colour. Repeated examination has perfectly convinced us, that his conjecture is well founded; the verrucofus being with us by far the moſt common, we thall conſider it as the fpecies, and the muſcarius as the variety : fo fingular and fo beautiful is the variety, however, that we intend giving a ſeparate plate of it. Before we ſpeak more particularly of theſe fungi, it will be proper to explain to fome of our readers what is meant by a few terms made uſe of in deſcribing this and three or four others, viz. Volva, Annulus, and Velum, parts which occur in ſome muſhrooms, but not in others. There are a few of theſe plants, which, on their firſt emerging from the earth, aſſume the appearance of an egg, and are encloſed in a kind of membranous ſhell or cafe; this caſe we call the Volva. If we cut the egg longi- tudinally down the middle, we may obſerve the incloſed fungus as yet unexpanded. Vid. Schaffer Icon. Fung. tab. 244. fig. 1. 2. 3. As the muſhroom increaſes in fize, it burſts open this Volva, and ſometimes leaves it intirely behind, as in the Phallus impudicus ; but more frequently the upper half of it is borne upwards on the Pileus or Cap, which not being ſufficiently large to cover when the Pileus is expanded, it breaks in various directions, and appears in the form of a number of little knobs or warts irregularly ſcattered. Such then is the origin of the warts: as the membrane which forms them may ſometimes be thinner than ordinary; or as it may be rubbed off as the muſhroom puſhes itſelf out of the ground; or deſtroyed by heavy rains, or other accidents; ſo we never find thefe warts alike either in number or ſhape in any two fungi, and frequently intirely wanting ; but if no extraordinary accident happens, they will be found in every well-formed fungus of this ſpecies. We may remark, that the Volva, which we have thus deſcribed, is not the Volva of LINNÆUS ; his Volva is our Annulus. a In many of the fungi the gills are covered and protected in their infancy by a membrane, more or leſs thick, totally independent of the Volva, attached to the edge of the Pileus one way, and round the ſtalk the other. While the membrane is viſibly thus connected, which is juſt as the Pileus is beginning to expand, we call it the Velum or Veil, though generally the terın is applied to thoſe membranes which are remarkably thin, almoſt like a cobweb, and which, when the Pileus is expanded, leave little or no traces of their exiſtence behind, as in the Agaricus faſcicularis. The greateſt part of this membrane in ſeparating is generally left either with the Pileus or Stipes: ſometimes what it leaves remains with the Pileus, and is only fufficient to give the edge a ragged or toothed appearance; but more commonly, where it is in any degree fubftantial, it leaves the Pileus, and attaches itſelf to the Stipes, where it either projects horizontally, as in the æruginoſus; or becomes pendulous, as in the preſent ſpecies. This part, thus attached to the ſtalk, we call the Annulus, Ring or Ruffle. There are three characters which diſtinguiſh the preſent fpecies of muſhroom, viz. a cap, more or leſs covered with warts; a ſtalk, bulbous at its baſe, and furniſhed above with a pendulous ſtriated ruffle. Theſe will be found in every perfect fungus of this fort. Colour is not to be depended on; the cap being ſometimes, as in the variety muſcarius, of the moſt beautiful crimſon, and very frequently, eſpecially in Charlton Wood, of a cream colour; but its moſt uſual tint is a dingy red, inclining to brown. The Gills are always white at firſt, and become of a dingy red at laſt . The ſtalk in thoſe which have a reddiſh Pileus is uſually mottled with red and white. The whole fungus, but particularly the baſe, is apt to be foon deſtroyed by the larvæ of various inſects, and among others by thoſe of an undeſcribed fpecies of Tipula, fomewhat leſs than the Tipula plumoja, and diftinguiſhed by having its legs unuſually hairy. It was by accident we diſcovered the attachment of this infect. Betwixt the Velum and the Gills, previous to the ſeparation of the former from the edge of the Pileus, there is a confiderable cavity. In this cavity we found, in a young fungus of this ſpecies, at leaſt twenty of thefe Tipulæ, which had introduced themſelves through an accidental aperture in the Velum. The Agaricus verrucoſus is very common in all our woods about the middle of September. The muſcarius is plentiful only in particular ſpots. We had the curioſity to taſte this ſhewy fungus. Chewed, it was not unpleaſant in the mouth ; ſwallowed, it quickly produced a diſagreeable burning kind of ſenſation in the throat, which extended to the ſtomach, though the quantity ſwallowed was but ſmall; and this ſenſation continued a conſiderable time. That I might not be miſtaken in my idea of this ſenſation, I prevailed on my draughtſman and gardener to chew and ſwallow ſome of it, who complained of its producing a ſimilar effect. Hence we may infer, that this ſpecies, taken in any quantity, is likely to prove highly poiſonous. This effect accords with the account given of it by different authors. . ScopolI makes mention of ſome perſons being poiſoned by it, miſtaking it for the Agaricus cæfareus. Haller relates, that fix perſons of Lithuania periſhed at one time by eating it; and that in Kamtſchatka it had driven others raving mad; that there, three or four of them are eaten without much effect, but that ten intoxicate : nevertheleſs, the Ruſſians eat it with their food ; and the inhabitants of Kamtſchatka prepare a liquor from this fungus, and a ſpecies of Epilobium, which, taken in ſmali quantities, inebriates, and produces a trembling of the nerves, making ſome joyous, others melancholy. The very urine of thoſe who drink it is found to intoxicate. LINNÆvş ſays, that flies are killed, Scopoli only ſtupified, by taſting an infuſion of the muſcarius in milk, whence its name, and that it is alſo inimical to bugs; but we have certainly much better remedies for theſe troubleſome infects. ht as polos fitus tool obs odbog for 10 patrol.subase on UVA but non i bora cond totoo Utb ZUBE vihollised on ob budodatne with doobs ni un trologin ons bo olo ovu obbies entorit bot yah? oplos no autobontodos 07 Blue loot volls bub logutis prout widwand be nository Dohodos cotto di as one TOOTH M Robotysos colo bronasi Bubb be og anonun malom no ad y das faut Soid di bre 19 troig wat ons ola obor danca hood Goda act be bu etto co od bo bo DATE DUE KERBARIUM .