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MYCOLOGICAL LIBRARY
AND COLLECTIONS.GIFT OF
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46
ਪਰ ਕੀ
F
D
I
HISTORIA
FUNGORUM
circa
HALIFAX
Sponte
NASCENTIUM.
B
K
TOMI
A
A. Agaricus. E.lla thous. Ilycoperdon.
B.Boletus. F.Halvella. Kilphoria.
CHydnum, Peziza. L. Mocor.
D. Challus. H.Clavaria.
pooltendebetto


AN
H
I
S
T
OR
Y
F
F U N G U S S ES,
GROW I N G
ABOUT
H
A
L I
F
A X.
W IT H
FORTY-FOUR
COPPER-PLATES;
Ο Ν
W HIC H
A RE
E N G R A V E D
FIFTY-ONE
-
SPECIES of AGARICS:
Wherein their Varieties, and various Appearances in the different Stages of Growth, are faithfully exhibited
in more than
TWO
H U N DR E D
F I G U R E S,
Copied with great Care from the PLANTS, when newly gathered and in a State of Perfection.
With a particular DESCRIPTION of each SPECIES, in all its Stages,
From the firſt Appearance to the utter Decay of the Plant; with the Time when they were gathered ; the Soil
and Situation in which they grew ; their Duration ; and the particular Places
mentioned, where all the New or Rare Species were found.
The Whole being a plain Recital of F ACTS, the Reſult of more than Twenty Years Obſervation.
IN
THREE
V O L U M E S.
Ву
JAM E S Β Ο L Τ Ο Ν,
Member of the Nat. Hift. Society, at EDINBURGH.
V O L.
I.
HERBARIUM, LIBRARY
INIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
NATURA
S E M P E R
E A DE M.
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND SOLD IN HALIFAX BY HIM, AND BY J. MILNER,
BOOKSELLER; By B. WHITE AND SON, IN LONDON; BY THE BOOKSELLERS OP OXFORD,
CAMBRIDGE, YORK, EDINBURGH ; AND MAY BE HAD OF ALL OTHER BOOKSELLERS.
M,DCC,LXXXVIII.
}


Τ Ο
T H E
R I G H T
H ON OUR A B L E
Τ Η Ε
EARL OF
GAINSBOROUGH.
هم به
کار می تواننده
My Lord,
SCIENCE will flouriſh under the Patronage of Virtue, and
Men of every Claſs will always approve and purſue thoſe
Studies, which are diſtinguiſhed with the Regard and Ap-
probation of their Superiors.
Not to enter into a Detail of the many excellent Qualities
wherewith your Lordſhip’s Name ſtands diſtinguiſhed, I have
an aſſured Right to addreſs you, as a Generous Promoter of a
Science the moſt rational and moſt pleaſing, as well as the moſt
effential to the Life of Man, I mean that of Botany.
But as no Science can be perfectly and thoroughly under-
ſtood, till a Knowledge of its conſtituent Objects be attained,
---Therefore every proper Attempt to diſcriminate and afcer-
tain its Species, muſt be uſeful, in a greater or leffer Degree,
in Proportion to its Succeſs.
Engliſh BOTANY has received many and great Im-
provements in the laſt and preſent Ages, and yet the moſt
b 2
extenſive

D E D Ι Ο Α Τ Ι Ο Ν.
extenſive as well as the moſt entertaining Branch thereof, the
CRYPTOGAMIA CLASS, has been too fuperficially re-
garded. That our Knowledge of the Fungi, the laſt Order
of this Claſs, is very deficient, will evidently appear from
this, that a greater Number of its Species have been actually
gathered, in a Compaſs of Ground not exceeding eight or ten
Miles round Halifax, than have yet been aſcertained in our
beſt and moſt correct Catalogue of the Britiſh Plants. The
above Species are the Subject of the preſent Work; but as
Original Drawings from Nature, of the whole Number, are
now in your Lordſhip’s Poffeſſion, it is not neceſſary to re-
capitulate them here.
I am happy, my Lord, to embrace this Opportunity of
acknowledging, that it is to your LORDSHIP's Generous
Encouragement, together with that of your late Noble Rela-
tive, the GOOD DUCHESS DOWAGER of PORTLAND,
that the Work in a great Meaſure owes its Exiſtence, and of
profeſſing that
I am,
With the higheſt Regard,
My Lord,
Your Lordſhip’s,
Moſt obedient and moſt humble Servant,
HALIFAX,
January 1, 1788.
JAMES Bolton.

Herbarum. Museum
.
gl 16-37
3 von 2
2.
互 ​1
3
A
"4
4
4
4.
4.
TH
Drawn vetched from Nature bus "Bolton at Holi fax Ain oʻt189
Ι Ν Τ R Ο D E C ΤΙ Ο Ν.
AS
S this work may poſſibly fall into the hands of ſome who are not Bota-
niſts, and yet may have a natural deſire to inform themſelves of fo
much of the Theory, as may enable them, by the Practice, to divert the me-
lancholy of an amuſive walk, or to paſs agreeably, a few hours of rural retire-
ment; whoſe line of converſation, or whoſe ſituation in the country, may
not afford them an opportunity of receiving ſuch inſtructions as may tend
to improve, or even awaken, a talent given them by Nature, for an amuſe-
ment fo rational, ſo pleaſing, fo conducive to the health of the body,
and the recreation of the mind: To theſe it will not be unaccept-
able, to be ſo far informed of the Generic Characters of the Plants here
treated of, as may enable them, at fight of a ſpecimen, to determine, at
once, to what Genus or Family it belongs.
The

vi
Ι Ν Τ R Ο D U C Τ Ι Ο Ν.
The Figures which are on the engraved title, placed in the book by
way of Frontiſpiece, though they are fimple and mean, yet they are Na-
tural, and ſo far repreſent the diſtinguiſhing Characteriſtics of the Genera,
as may, with the aſſiſtance of a ſhort explanation, render them plain to
a moderate capacity.
An Explanation of the Frontiſpiece.
Fig. A. Genus 1. Agaricus (Muſhroom).
A Fungus, having a pileus or hat, growing horizontally, and having
gills on the under-fide. There are two diviſions of this Genus, firſt,
having the hat ſupported on a pillar or ſtem ; ſecond, an hat without a
pillar (paraſtic), adhering by one of its fides to other plants. The little
figure at A. repreſents the Agaricus integer.
Fig. B. Genus 2.
Boletus (Touchwood).
A Fungus, growing horizontally, having pores or holes on the under-
ſide. There are two diviſions of this Genus, firſt, thoſe without a ſtem
(paraſitic) adhering laterally to other plants; ſecond, having an upright
central ſtem or pillar. The figure at B. repreſents the Boletus luteus.
Fig. C. Genus 3. Hydnum.
A Fungus, having an horizontal Pileus, with awl-ſhaped ſoft prickles
growing underneath, the pileus ſupported on a pillar. The figures at
C. repreſent the Hydnum repandum, and Hydnum auriſcalpum.
Fig, D. Genus 4. Phallus (Morell)
A Fungus, conſiſting of an hat and a pillar, hat oval, ſmooth on the
inſide, honeycombed or eared on the outſide. D. repreſents the Phallus
eſculentus, or common efculent Morell.
Fig.

I N T R O DU CT I O N.
vii
Fig. E. Genus 5.
Clathrus.
A Fungus, roundiſh or oblong, hollow within, netted, latticed or
windowed, the latticing connected on every ſide, often reſting on a ſmooth
receptacle, which is ſupported on a ſtem or pillar. The figures at E. re-
preſent the Clathrus nudus, and Clathrus fulvus.
Fig. F. Genus 6.
Genus 6. Halvella.
A Fungus, with a pileus or hat, ſmooth on both ſides. There are
two diviſions of this Genus, firſt, with the hat ſupported on a ftem or
pillar ; ſecond, the hat ſeſſile or without a pillar, The figures at F. re-
preſent the Halvella mitra, and the Halvella inflata ; a curious new ſpecies,
five inches high.
Fig. G.
Genus 7.
Peziza.
A Fungus, bell-ſhaped, cup-ſhaped, or fennel-ſhaped, generally
fmooth, and of equal ſubſtance throughout. The figures at G. repreſent
the Peziza lentifera, and an elegant new Britiſh ſpecies, the Peziza
undulata.
Fig. H.
Genus 8. Clavaria.
A Fungus, growing perpendicularly, fimple or branched, ſmooth,
and of one uniform ſurface. The figures at H. repreſent the Clavariæ
muſcoides, and Ophiaglofoides.
Fig. I. Genus 9. Lycoperdon (Puf-ball).
A Fungus, roundiſh, conſiſting of a bark or rind, which breaks
generally in the ſummit, and diſcharges an impalpable duſt or farina, in
form of ſmoke. There are three diviſions of this Genus, firſt, thoſe that
are deſtitute of root, and ſubterraneous ; fecond, with a root and parafitic ;
third, with a root, and growing on the ground. The figure at I. repre-
ſents the Lycoperdon bovifta.
Fig.

viii
I N T R O D U C TI O N.
Fig. K. Genus 10. Sphæria.
A Fungus, having numerous ſpherical or oblong veſicles, regularly
arranged under ſome part of its ſurface; which veſicles diſcharge a duſt
or powder. There are two diviſions of this Genus, firſt, agaric-like,
growing on the ground, of a foft filamentous ſubſtance, having a proper
root, volva, ftem, and pileus; ſecond, paraſitic, feffile, or ſupported on
a pillar, and are generally of an hard, horny, or woody ſubſtance through-
The little figures at K, repreſent the Sphæria tuberculoſa, and the
Sphæria agariciformis, a new ſpecies, four or five inches high, with a
bulbous volvated root, a ſtem, and a pileus. This is a very curious plant,
and a true non-deſcript, as will be ſeen in its proper place.
out.
Fig. L. Genus II. Mucor (Mould or Mouldineſs).
A Fungus, conſiſting of a roundiſh veſicle, ſupported on a filament,
and containing numerous ſeeds, affixed to an hair-like receptacle. The
figure at L. repreſents the Mucor mucedo, as it grew on the ſtalk of a pear,
which had a ſmall part of the fruit adhering to it, in a putrid ſtate,
Theſe few characters being eſtabliſhed in the memory, it will be eaſy,
on fight of a ſpecimen, to determine, properly and certainly, to which of
the above families it belongs. But the firſt Genus--the Agarics--being
very numerous, and a perplexing ſimilarity obtaining between ſome of the
fpecies, it therefore becomes neceſſary to examine with care, the form,
texture, number, and ſituation of the parts of the plant under review,
before we can diſcover a certain diſcriminative, ſpecific mark, peculiar to
that ſpecies, and not to be found in any other ;--and till ſuch a mark be
diſcovered, we cannot truly fay, that the ſpecies is properly defined or
aſcertained. I would not here be underſtood to mean, that we are to dif-
cover a part in every ſpecies, which is not to be found in ſome other, this
in a ſimple ſenſe is impoſſible; but the diſtinguiſhing mark is to be diſ-
covered

I N T R O DU C TI O N.
ix
covered by examining all the parts in a combined or complicated ſcene.
And when a plant is diſcovered, concerning which we are doubtful whe-
ther it is a ſpecies of itſelf, or only a variety of ſpecies already known,
we ought carefully to collate it with the original, from which we ſuppoſe
it may poſſibly be derived; and if we find it to agree in the number, fi-
gure, and fituation of its parts, and that the matter of which it is com-
poſed, agree in fubſtance or texture, we may reaſonably ſuppoſe, that the
doubtful plant is a variety and not a ſpecies, though it may be much dif-
ferent, in reſpect to time, foil, magnitude, colour, &c.
On the contrary, though two plants may agree in colour, time, ſoil,
ſituation, fize, ſmell, taſte, &c. yet if they diſagree in any one effential
mark, we are nevertheleſs certain of their ſpecific diſtinction. For in-
ſtance, ſuppoſe the Agaricus fimitarius has an upright white ſtem, grow-
ing from a bulbous root, which is deſtitute of volva; ſo has the Agaricus
annulatus. Suppoſe it further, to have a large white pileus, brown at the
apex, and covered here and there with ſoft brown ſcales; ſuppoſe it to
have a white curtain, and gills of a pale fleſh colour, while young, and
changing their colour afterwards; the Agaricus annulatus exhibits all the
above characters, as evidently as the other. Thus far, therefore, no cer-
tain ſpecific mark is diſcoverable ; but on examining them a little further
we find, that the gills of the fimetarius are arranged in one ſeries only,
being all of equal length, and extended from the rim of the pileus to the
top of the ſtem ; but in the annulatus they are arranged in ſeveral ſeries,
unequal in length, which is a certain mark of diſtinction in the two
ſpecies. This one diagnoſtic being found, we then ſupport it by aids,
drawn from habit, figure, ſoil, ſize, duration, ſmell, taſte, colour, and
diſſolution ; all which being properly attended to, will, with the aſliſtance
of application to the ſtudy, and actual obſervation made upon the plants in
the different ſtages of growth, render the knowledge of their ſpecific dif-
tinctions, both eaſy and certain.
To explain a little further what I mean, by aids to ſupport the ſpecific
mark, in the above inſtance, The pileus in the Agaricus fimitarius, is of
b
an

X
Ι Ν Τ R Ο D E C Τ Ι Ο Ν.
an oval figure while young, conical when full grown, and in decay lacerates
and diſſolves; that of the annulatus, globular while young, when full
grown bell-ſhaped, and withers in decay. The gills in the fimitarius turn
from a red to a black colour, and melt into a black inky fluid; thoſe of
the annulatus change to a pale brown, and wither. In the fimitarius, the
curtain vaniſhes as ſoon as it has performed its office; in the annulatus, it
abides' after its ſeparation from the pileus, and remains upon the ſtem to
the laſt.
As a previous knowledge of the parts of an Agaric, will be neceſſary
to the making the above obſervations, it may not be judged improper to
give a ſhort and plain explanation of them referring to the figures in the
plate, at the head of this introduction.
Explanation of the Plate.
F i G.
A
Repreſents a young plant of the Agaricus mufcarius, cloven down-
right, to ſhew the ſituation of the root, ſtem, and pileus, while the plant
is yet ſurrounded by the volva; the curtain is removed to ihew the ſitua-
tion of the gills. Fig. I, the volva. Fig. 4, the gills.
FIG.
B.
The ſame plant, repreſented as a little advanced in growth, to ſhew:
the manner in which the volva, fig. 1, is torn by the increaſe of the
pileus and ſtem.
FIG.
C.
Shews the curtain, fig. 3, extended from the ſtem to the rim of the
pileus, unbroken, and performing its office. Fig. 2. the pileus or hat.
FIG.

I N T R O DU C TI O N.
xi
FIG.
D.
Shews the curtain lacerated, or torn in fragments, part remaining upon
the ſtem, and part on the rim or margin of the pileus :-examples of
which we have in the Agaricus pompatus*, villoſus, caſtaneus, &c.
Fig.
E.
Repreſents the curtain ſeparating from the pileus all round its margin,
without being torn, as in the Agaricus muſcariusut, verrucofus, &c.
FIG.
F.
Shews the gills, fig. 4, branched, or divided and ſubdivided ; the
ſhorter being united at their baſe. into the longer: as in the Agaricus
chanterellus, infundibuliformisß, &c.
FIG.
G.
Shews the gills arranged in three feries, of unequal length; the firſt
ſeries extended from the top of the ſtem to the rim of the pileus; the
ſecond ſeries extended but two thirds of the way, and the third ſeries ex-
tends but one third of the way from the rim towards the centre: and this
arrangement of the gills is the moſt common. It is however ſubject to
irregularity; the fame ſeries fometimes varying in length, in reſpect to
one another; ſometimes the alternate order of their diſpoſition is not re-
gular; and the ſecond and third ſeries are ſometimes deficient in their
number.
Fi G.
H.
H
Shews the gills arranged in two ſeries, as in the Agaricus muſcarius,
and Agaricus politus ;--but of this arrangement we have but few examples
in the English Agarics.
b 2
FIG.
Tab. 5, 42, 10. mamat Tab. 27. Tab. 34, Tab. 27, 30.

xii
I N T R O DU C T I ON.
FI G.
I.
Shews the gills arranged in one ſeries only, being all extended from
the top of the ftem to the rim of the pileus; as in the Agaricus integer*,
luridus, fimitarius, &c.
The gills furniſh us with many other aids, which muſt neceſſarily be at-
tended to, in order to the inveſtigation of ſpecies. In ſome they are nar-
rowa and arched, ſo as to render the lower ſurface of the Agaric, as it
were excavated or hollow; in others they are ſtraight, making the lower
furface nearly plain' or flat; in others again they are broad and deep, fo
as to render it prominent or bellied. In ſome they are thin, numerousd,
and very cloſely arranged; in others they are grofs and remote. In ſome
the firſt ſeries adheres by a broad baſe to the top of the ſtem", and grow
narrower towards the extremity; in others they are broad, and lopped off
at the baſe, either adhering to the ſtem by a ſmall claws, or not all ad-
hering thereto. In ſome they are broadeſt in the middle, growing nar-
rowers to each extremity; in others they are narrow and pointed at the
baſe, and grow broader and broader to the extremity, where they are
lopped off obtuſely.---The above circumſtances regarding the gills be-
ing conſtant, ought by no means to be difregarded in the deſcription of
the ſpecies.
و
Much confuſion has long prevailed in this genus of plants, chiefly
owing to the brief, or obſcure deſcription which have been given of them;
for their parts are ſo few, that every one of them ought to be regarded
with the greateſt care, with all that is ſingular, and peculiar to its circum-
ſtances.
In deſcribing an Agaric, every part of the plant ſhould be examined,
in reſpect to the following particulars.
The
* Tab. I, 25, 44.-a Tab. 3, 31, 40.-- Tab. 6, 36.-- Tab. 23, 27, 38. Tab. 25, 44,-
e Tab, 28, 43.- Tab. 3, 42, Tab. 6.- Tab, 7, 28, 33.-i Tab. 38.

I N T ROD U C T I O N.
xiii
The Root, whether tapering, bulbous, compreſſed, or of what other
figure; note the colour and conſiſtance of the fibres, and to what they
adhere; whether the root produces one ſingle ſtem, or more than one ;
and if more how many: fay in what ſituation it grows, and at what ſeaſon.
Note, whether it be furniſhed with a volva, and if there is a volva, ſay
of what fize, figure, texture, colour and duration; if it periſhes and diſ-
appears
before the other parts, fay how, and at what age of the plant :
under this head, note alſo, the duration of the plant, whether it ſprings
up and periſhes in the ſpace of a few hours, in one or two days, or whe-
ther it abides for weeks.
و
Of the Stem fay, whether upright or leaning; if leaning, whether in
a regular curve, or crooked in various directions; whether hard and firm
on being preſſed between the fingers; or freely yielding to a gentle pref-
ſure; whether folid, and of the fame fubſtance throughout, or fiſtular,
hollow within ; whether eaſily dividing in filaments, or of a brittle fpongy
ſubſtance, not diviſible in filaments ; fay, how thick, how tall, of what
colour both within and without.
If there be a Curtain, fay, at what age of the plant it breaks, and how,
of what colour and conſiſtence it is, and whether it entirely vaniſhes, or
leaves any veſtages.
Of the Gills, as before montioned, ſay, if they are in one, two, or
three ſeries; whether broad or narrow, many or few; whether fine or
coarſe; whether adhering to the ſtem by a narrow claw, by a broad
baſe, or not touching to the ſtem. Say of what colour from firſt to laſt.
Note, whether they yield a milky fluid, on being wounded or broken ;
and if ſuch a fluid, fay of what colour, taſte, and ſmell.
Of the Pileus, note, what figure it aſſumes, from firſt to laſt; what
its diameter in a ſtate of perfection, or at full growth; whether waved,
undulated, or crumpled round the margin, or regular and even ; whether
the

Xiv
I N T RODUCTION.
the furface be ſmooth and plain, or rugged with ſcales, or other in-
equalities ; if rugged, ſay, whether the matter is of the ſame ſubſtance
with, and growing from the pileus, or is of a different ſubſtance, adhering
to the pileus by means of a glutin, or otherwiſe; and note the colour of
theſe inequalities. ----If the ſurface is ſmooth, note how it feels to the
touch; whether clammy or dry; whether like cloth, filk, velvet, leather,
vellum, or what elſe; note, whether it conſiſts of much fleſh or not, and
of what ſubſtance and colour within ; whether ſoft and fibrous, or hard
and brittle; whether diſſolving or withering in decay; and note, what
mutations of colour take place on its ſurface, from the firſt appearance
above ground to the utter decay of the plant.
The plants which now compoſe the Order Fungi, were formerly ſuppoſed
to be of equivocal generation, the ſport of Nature, the effect of Putre-
faction, or the brood of Chance; but that they owe their original to the ſeeds
of a parent plant, is now well known, having been proved by MICHELII,
in a work entitled Nova Plantarum Genera, publiſhed at Florence, in 1729,
in folio, with many excellent figures; by DILLENIUS, in his Catalogus
Plantarum circa Giffenfis, publiſhed at Frankfort, in 1719; by GLEDITSCH,
in his Methodus Fungorum, publiſhed at Berlin, in 1753; by BATTARA,
in his Fungorum agri ariminanfis Hiftoria, printed in 4to, at Rimini, in
1755; but above all by the ingenious HEDWIG, who in a work entitled,
Hiſtoria Generationes et Fructificationes Plantarum Cryptogamicarum, printed
in 4to. at Petropoli, in 1784, has by means of the Microſcope proved
beyond diſpute the exiſtence of ftamin and ſtile, or of male and female
organs in theſe; as perfect as regular, and effective in the production of
proper ſeeds, as in any other vegetable, where they are more obvious to
our fight; his obſervations are illuſtrated by figures, accurately engraved
and coloured, from his own drawings. See bis work, plate 34, 35, 36,
37, and from figure 195 to 214.
Some obfervations may be made in regard to conſtancy of place, in the
plants of this order. The Agaricus integer, villoſus, purpureus, &c. the Boletus
luteus, and bovinus ; the Clathrus nudus, and denudatus, I have conſtantly
obſerved

I N T R O DU C TI O N.
XV
obſerved to make their appearance at their reſpective ſeaſons, in one and
the ſame place ;-on the contrary, the Agaricus elephantinus grew abun-
dantly in the Shroggs, and ſeveral other woods about Halifax, in October,
1786; this preſent year, 1787, I have not found more than one or two
plants of it.
In the year 1785, the Peziza cornucopoides came up abundantly in one
place, in the laſt-named wood, but has not ſince grown there.
In September, 1777, the Halvella mitra, grew plentifully in ſeveral
woods, in hedges, under trees, and even in paſtures and meadows, in this
neighbourhood; and fince then, in the ſpace of ten years, though my re-
ſearches have been regularly kept up, I have not met with more than three
or four fpecimens of that rare plant.
Theſe obſervations bring to my mind others of a like nature, which
have formerly made on the fugacity of ſome infects, viz. the Painted
Lady Butterfly, (Papilio Cardui, of LINNÆUS) was ſo plentiful about Hali-
fax, in 1780, that ſcarce a field was without them; in fields where flower-
ing plants grew, particularly the Scabiola fuecija, and Trifolium pratenſe, it
was eaſy, with a common bag net, to catch ten or fifteen ſpecimens in the
ſpace of an hour or two; but ſince that time, or for ten years before, that
inſect has been very rarely, or not at all feen in this part of Yorkſhire.
The like remarks hold good, in a leffer degree, in reſpect to the Papilio
atalanta, Phalana meticulofa, &c. and to ſome Birds, viz. the Lanius
collurio, Loxia recur viroſtra, Turdus turquatus, &c.
Some ſpecies of Fungi are perennial and abiding, as the Spheria tuber-
culofa ; others, though they die and fall away annually, have an abiding
or perennial root, as the Sphæria bypoxylon.
The Phallus impudicus, a rare plant here, I have obſerved to grow three
{ucceffive years, in the ſame hand's breadth of ground, though I took up
the

xvi
I N T R O DU C TI O N.
the plant, with its radical cord, both the first and ſecond year. Its time
is in October.
(To be continued in the ſecond Volume
The ſecond Volume will contain the remainder of the Agarics, with
the three ſucceeding Genera, the Boletus, Hydnum, and Phallus.
The third will contain the other ſeven, viz. the Clathrus, Halvella,
Peziza, Clavaria, Lycoperdon, Spbaria, and Mucor; many of which be-
ing ſmall objects, will be engraved ſeveral on a plate,
To many of the plants, here figured and deſcribed, I have not been
able to apply the Synonyma of Authors, becauſe I had not an oppor-
tunity of peruſing their works; therefore, any communications from
Botaniſts, which may aflift me in applying thoſe Synonyma, particularly
thoſe of SCHOEFFER, (whoſe valuable work I never ſaw) will be thank-
fully acknowledged.
** * The Reader is deſired to obſerve, that the Deſcription and the
Drawing were not always taken from the ſame ſpecimen--the periſhable
nature of the plant often not admitting it; and where the figure does not
exactly coincide with the deſcription, in regard to the preciſe hue of
colour, --ſo much variation prevailed between the individual which was
deſcribed, and the individual which was painted.
AN

TOR

1

А
N
HISTORY
OF
A GARICS,
GROWING
about
H A LIFAX.
I.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, lamellis omnibus æequalibus, Sp: Pl: 1640.
Agaricus ſtipitatus, pileo convexiuſculo viſcido purpureo,
lamellis omnibus aequalibus albis. Hud: Angl: 610: 4. Bat-
tar, fung, tab. 15, fig. E.
EQUAL GILL'D AGARIC.
integer.
T A B.
I.
T
ز
THE root is a litttle ſwollen and irregular, terminating the
ſtem obtufely; it is firm and feels ſolid, is of a brittle
ſubſtance, emits a few proper fibres, and ſuſtains one plant only.
The ſtem round, upright, ſolid, of a ſpongy brittle ſub-
ſtance, the thickneſs of one's thumb, and two or three inches
high. The colour is a perfect white, both within and with-
out; there is no curtain.
The gills in one ſeries, regularly extended from the head of
the ſtem to the rim of the pileus; ſometimes, however, there
are a few intermediate ones extending but half way. They
are conſtantly of a pure white colour, while young of a tender
ſubſtance, and greedily devoured by the ſnails.
The pileus ſmooth, while young of a globular figure, and
covered with a glutin*. When in perfection horizontal, ſmooth,
plain, ſometimes white, often ſtrongly tinged, eſpecially to-
wards the rim, with a fine crimſon, a carnation, or a purple
colour, which in decay changes to a dirty blue or green; di-
ameter from two to four inches, abounds with fleſh of a ſpongy
brittle ſubſtance, and white colour; at laſt diſſolves in a brown
turged jelly.
Grows in all the woods about Halifax, in plenty, from
Auguſt to November.
B.
* A gummy or glutinous fluid, which is found, like a varniſh, on the ſurface of
many
Agarics.

AN HISTORY OF
2
AGARICS,
II.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus pileo convexo fufco, lamellis trifidis
latiffimis carneo pallidis.
BRO A D
A GA RIC.
T AB.
II.
THE
HE root is a little ſwelled, or approaching to a bulbous
figure ; it is hard and firm if preſſed between the fingers,
of a white colour within, and of a dry brittle fubftance;
covered on the outſide with innumerable dawny fibres, by
means whereof it brings up a covering of the mould, amongſt
which it grows, when it is gathered. It produces one plant
only, and has no volva.
The ſtem round, upright, firm, folid, and is eaſily diviſible
in fine, ſhining, ſilky filaments, is about the ſize of one's middle
finger, and four inches high. The colour, a dulky white on the
outſide, and of a ſilver white within; it has no curtain.
The gills in three feries, broad, deep, and large, as expreſſed
at A; they are numerous, thin, and pliable: they are white,
and faintly tinged with a kind of duſky fleſh colour.
The pileus from four to ſeven inches diameter, of a ſmooth
dry ſubſtance, feels like fine woollen cloth, and is of a kind of
browniſh mouſe-colour. The ſubſtance of the fleſh brittle and
ſpongy, and of a fair white.- This plant differs from the A.
integer, in that the gills are in three ſeries, from the A. muf-
carius, and A. annulatus, in having neither volva or curtain.
Grows under old wood piles, and amongſt rotten faw duſt,
in September and October.

2
.

UNIL
MICH

INS

3

GROWING
3
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
III.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo carneo la&teſcente, lamellis rufis,
ftipite longo corneo, Sp: Pl: 1641. Hudſon Angl: 614. lactifluns.
Flo: Scot: 1012. Schæf: Fung: tab: 73. Bulliard, P/:
282.
MILKY
AGARIC.
ТА В.
III.
THE root is fwelled, hard, round, of a brown colour, and
emits browniſh ſhort fibres from its fides; it produces one
plant only, and is not ſurrounded by a volva.
The ſtem is round, hard, and firm, generally leaning, or
curved; it is the thickneſs of one's little finger, and three
inches high; the ſubſtance is white within, and the colour on
the outſide a pale reddiſh brown. There is no curtain.
The gills in three ſeries, narrow, arched, and adhering to the
ſtem by a narrow claw; they are numerous, and of a brittle
ſubſtance. While young they are white, afterwards changing
to a pale browniſh buff colour; when wounded or broken a
white milky fluid, of a mild taſte, iſſues out in round drops.
The pileus at firſt convex, afterwards becomes horizontal,
and at laſt funnel ſhaped; but in all its ſtages, from firſt to laſt,
the margin is deflected. The ſurface is dry, ſmooth, and feels
like cloth; of a dark cinnamon brown colour, and from two
to four inches diameter. The ſubſtance of the fleſh dry and
brittle.
Grows in woods about Halifax abundantly, from Auguſt
to November.
B2

4
AN HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
IV.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo hemifphærico purpureo livido,
lamellis margine dentatus, ſtipite fiſtulofo.
denticulatus.
TOOTHED
GILL’D
AGARIC.
T A B.
IV.
THE
'HE root is hard and oblique, of a brown colour, and
covered with dawny fibres; it is not ſurrounded by a
volva.
The ſtem is the thickneſs of a gooſe-quill, hollow, the
ſubſtance thin, pliable, and tough, eaſily ſplitting in thin filky
filaments; the colour a very pale browniſh hue, height two or
three inches; it has no curtain.
The gills in three ſeries, deep, and adhering to the ſtem by
their baſe; they are remote, thin, pellucid, of a pale, livid,
watery, purple colour, and are remarkable in being dented along
the edges with viſible ruſt coloured dents, as is expreſſed at A.
Theſe dents, according to the ingenious HEDWIG, are the
male parts of fructification. See his Theoria Cryptogamicarum,
P. 162. tab. 34, fig. 196, 197.
The pileus hemiſpherical, two inches diameter, a little
deflected, and ſtriated at the rim; of a dull livid purple, al-
moſt deſtitute of fleſh, and of a watery ſubſtance; it diffolves
in decay.
Grows in woods near Halifax, but not plentifully. The
ſpecimen here deſcribed, grew in Stump-Wood, in Northowram,
September 10, 1787.
y.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo plano, lameilis befidus ſtipite,
lamella et pileo albo.
eburneus.
IVORY
A GA RI C.
T A B. IV.
FIG.
II.
THI
"HE whole plant is of a pure white colour, pellucid, and
ſeems as if made of ivory.
Grows in meadows, amongſt the graſs, in September. The
Specimen here figured, I gathered amongſt the graſs under the
elm trees near Stannary-Lane, September, 1787,

4
A
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Try (У

수
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5
inn
A А.

GROWING
5
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
V
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo rotundo coccineo, lamellis olivaceis
ſtipite inaequale.
pompofus. .
POM POUS
AGARIC.
TAB.
V.
THE
HE root conſiſts of an hard and pointed termination of the
ſtem, covered with dawny fibres, of a white grey colour ;
it has no volva.
The ſtem is three or four inches high, largeſt above, taper-
ing towards the root, often bent irregularly, of a pale yellow
above, brown near the root, and eaſily divides in yellow ſilky
filaments.
The curtain a pale yellow colour, breaks like a fine and de-
licate fpider's web, or the fineſt filky dawn. It quite vaniſhes
before the decay of the plant.
The gills in three ſeries, narrow, thin, numerous, and de-
licate; while young of a pale yellow, afterwards changing to a
greeniſh olive colour. They adhere to the ſtem by a narrow
claw.
The pileus two or three inches diameter, deflected round the
margin, where it is of a yellow colour, gradually changing to
a fine orange, as it approaches towards the centre, which is of
a deep orange or ſcarlet colour. The fleſh thick, brittle, and of
a pale yellow.
Grows in woods about Halifax, frequent in September
and October.

6
AN HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
VII.
AGARICUS ſipitatus, pileo repando ſemipllucido, lamellis trifidis
carneo pallidis, ftipite fiftulofo albo.
tepdnduse
SPREADING
AGARIC.
TAB.
VI.
THE
HE root tapers to a point, from which it fends out a few
hard crooked fibres, an inch or two in length; it has no
volya,
The ſtem white, ſhining, with a filky glofs, largeſt near
the bottom, gradually tapering upwards, ſometimes a little
twiſted, and of an irregular ſurface. It is five inches high,
fiftular, and eafily ſplits in ſmall white thining filaments; there
is no curtain.
The gills are in three ſeries, deep and very remote, termi-
nating in a broad baſe, but not adhering to the frem. See
figure A. They are of a tender ſoft pliable ſubſtance, and
tinged with a faint duſky fleſh colour.
The pileus convex at firſt, when in perfection horizontal,
ſpreading out at the rim; four or five inches diameter; of a
dead white colour, a tender watery ſubſtance, and deſtitute of
flesh,
Grows in the ſhady parts of woods in the neighbourhood
of Halifax, in Auguft and September.

6
T.

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7

GROWING
7
ABOU T
HALIFAX.
VIII.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo lacerato plumoſo, lamellis trifidis
Stipite fiſtulofo.
criſtatus.
CRESTED
AGARIC.
T A B
VII.
THE root is round, hard, and brown; ſurrounded with ſoft
dawny brown fibres, entangled amongſt a grey mouldy
matter: it has no volva.
The ſtem is round, hollow, and ſmooth; two inches high;
the thickneſs of a duck's quill; of a pale browniſh colour,
eaſily dividing into filky filaments.
The curtain white, tender, breaks and vaniſhes while the
plant is young
The gills in three ſeries, white, of a tender ſubſtance,
broadeſt towards the baſe, but not adhering to the ſtem.
The pileus at firſt conical, afterwards becomes horizontal,
and lacerated round the rim ; two inches in diameter, and of a
ſoft ſilky ſubſtance: the ground colour a pale milky white.--
It is thickly covered with little tufts, of a brown red colour,
which are not the fragments of a volva, but grow from the
ſubſtance of the pileus.
It grows in gardens, but not common. This fpecimen
grew in the garden of J. Cook, Efq; of Warley, Septem-
ber 15, 1787

8.
AN HISTORY OF
AGARICS
1X.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo lobato, lamellis trifidis decurren-
tibus, ftipite tortuoſo.
cornuco
pioides.
CORNUCOPIA
AGARIC.
T A B.
VIII.
ز
THE root is tough, irregular, much twiſted, and ſurrounded
with numerous woolly fibres, of a red brown colour; an
inch or two from the bottom divides in ſeveral flat twiſted fur-
rowed ſtems, of a black brown colour, and a tough elaſtic
leathery ſubſtance; upwards they enlarge, and become more
viſibly twiſted, are ſtrongly corded or nerved, which cords or
nerves are a continuation of the decurrency of the gills. Theſe
ſtems grow four or five in number, from the ſame root, are
four or five inches high, and of a dead brown colour.
The gills are in three or four ſeries, they are remote, nar-
row, tough, and of a dead buff brown; they are remarkably
decurrent, their baſes running down the ſtem, even to the
root.
The pileus three inches diameter, lobed in a ſingular and
not inelegant manner. The lobes are four or five in number,
waved and curled on the edges, thin, or almoſt deſtitute of
fleſh, of a tough elaſtic ſubſtance, and a duſky cinnamon
colour.
Grows in ſhady woods about Halifax, but not plentifully.
The plant here figured, I gathered in a little wood, near the
farm called Brakenbed, in Ovenden, September 3, 1787.

8

50)
CE


9

GROWING
9
A BOUT HALIFAX.
X.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo teſtaceo, fucco luteſcente, Sp: Pl:
1641. Hud: Ang: 613. Battar, fung, tab. 16, fig. H.
delicioſus
ORANGE
A GA RIC
T AB.
IX.
*HE root is an obtuſe termination of the ſtem; it is hard,
and emits numerous dawny brown fibres ; gathering a
portion of mould with it, when taken up: there is no viſible
volva.
TH
The ſtem is hard, crooked, and brittle; the thickneſs of a
ſwan's quill, and two inches high; the ſubſtance brittle, white
within, and not diviſible in fibres; when old becomes fiſtular,
There is no curtain.
The gills thin, narrow, arranged in three ſeries; the ſecond
and third ſeries irregular in length; they are of a brittle ſub-
ſtance, and a pale buff colour; when broken a milky fluid
iffues out in drops, of a yellow colour, and of a ſoft herby
taſte in general ; but in fome a little acrid, eſpecially while
young
The pileus a little waved round the rim, and while young
deflected; then becomes horizontal, and at laſt umbelicated in
the centre; but the margin does not riſe, ſo as to give it a fun-
nel ſhape. The colour of both pileus and ſtem is a fine full
bright orange.
In decay it turns brown and diffolves.
Grows in Ramſden, and many other woods about Halifax,
in October.
It differs from the A. lactifluus, in being of a ſcarlet or
orange colour, in bleeding a yellow milk, in being a ſmaller
plant, and in that it never becomes funnel ſhaped,
C С
C

IO
AN HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
XI.
AGARICUS fipitatus, pileo fubconico caftaneo, lamellis trifidis,
ftipite albo fiftulofo, cortina alba.
alaneuse
CHESNUT
A GARIC.
т А В.
X.
THE
HE root is a ſmall, irregular, roundiſh bulb, of a firm
ſubſtance, emitting a few hard brown fibres; it is not ſur-
founded by a volva, and produces one plant only.
The ſtem is cylindrical, white, and the thickneſs of a goofe-
quill; it is fiftular, with a ſmall perforation; the ſubſtance
firm, elaſtic, and eaſily divides in fine filky fibres. Its height
is about three inches.
The curtain is thin and delicate, breaks from the centre,
hangs for a little while to the rim of the pileus, and then
vaniſhes, leaving no annulus on the ſtem; it is white.
The pileus at firſt conial, with an obtuſe point, afterwards
becomes hemiſpherical, and at laſt nearly flat. The ſurface is
(mooth, and of a bright beautiful cheſnut brown.
The gills are in three ſeries; the third ſeries very ſhort, and
while the plant is young imperceptible; they are of a very pale
buff colour, and of a thin and delicate texture.
This is a rare ſpecies ; I have only ſeen it in two or three
places, particularly in a little wood called Bracken-Bed-Wood,
in Ovenden, where I gathered the ſpecimen here figured and
deſcribed, in October, 1786.

10
Eric

OF
2

SNI

11

GROWING
II
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
XII
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo bemiſpherico membranecio albido,
lamellis trifidis remotis pallidis, ſtipite albido fiſtuloſo.
membraneceus.
MEMBRANEOUS
AGARIC.
T AB.
XI.
TH
HE root conſiſts of numerous dawny fibres connected to
a ſoft ſpongy termination of the ſtem below; there is no
volva.
The ftem white, fiftular, and of a thin ſubſtance, eaſily
dividing in fine filaments; It is about the thickneſs of a ſwan's
quill, and two or three inches high : there is no curtain.
The gills white, thin, deep, and remote, ſoft, flexible, and
very delicate ; afterwards acquire a faint reddiſh brown tinge,
and turns quite black in decay.
The pileus hemiſpherical, white, conſiſting of a thin
tranſparent membrane, ſometimes a little waved round the
margin, and conſtantly more or leſs deflected.
Grows in the ſhady parts of woods, on the decaying roots
of fallen oak trees, about Halifax, in ſeveral places.
The whole of this plant is of a light thin ſubſtance, dry,
and looks and feels almoſt like fine tiſſue paper. It is a rare
ſpecies.
C2

I 2
AN HISTORY OF AGARICS,
XIII.
AGARICUS Stipitatus, pileo bemifphærico rugoſo, lamellis
trifidis albidis, ftipite albo.
cæruleus.
BLUE
A GA RI C.
T A B.
XII.
THE
HE root conſiſts of an irregularly compreffed termination,
or rather origin of the ſtem; it emits numerous fine
dawny grey fibres: there is no volva.
The ſtem is upright, round, hard, and folid; the ſize of a
fwan's quill, and three inches high; it is of a duſky white
colour, and has no curtain.
The gills in three ſeries, white, groſs, and brittle; they
are narrow, and adhere to the ſtem by their baſe.
The pileus hemiſpherical, two or three inches diameter, of
a greyiſh blue colour, and dry ſurface; feels like cloth made of
coarſe wool, is firm and hard, but yet very brittle. The ſub-
Itance of the fleſh white and thick.
Gathered in the wood below Wheatly, Auguſt 16, 1786;
and again in Auguſt, this preſent year 1787.

.
Agaricus corelawa. Brawn to atches fan from the Mant
: by JBellona

UNIL

SNY
14


GROWING
13
A B O U T
HALIFAX.
XIV.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo fufco lobato undulato, lamellis
trifidis profundis carneo pallidis, ftipite fiſtulofo griſeo.
irregularis.
IRREGULAR
AGARIC.
T A B.
XIII.
THE
HE root in this, as in moſt other Agarics, conſiſts of an
hard abrupt termination of the ſtem, emitting a multi-
tude of fibres, of a grey colour, and a dawny, or mucor-like
ſubſtance; in this ſpecies there is no volva.
The ſtem is round, ſmooth, fiſtular, and of a pale grey
colour, eaſily diviſible into ſmall filaments.
The curtain is of a greyish white, thin, and of a very light
and dawny texture; breaks and entirely vaniſhes ſoon after the
plant appears above ground.
The gills in three ſeries, deep, and remote; of a tough plia-
ble ſubſtance, and a pale duſky fleſh colour.
The pileus a ſordid purple brown, covered with a glutinous
matter, two inches in diameter, lobed, waved, and crupled in
a very irregular manner; while young irregularly deflected
round the margin, at all times a little beaked or elevated in the
centre.
Grows in dry and barren paſture and meadow ground, about
Halifax, in great plenty, in Auguſt and September,

14.
AN
HISTORY OF
A GARICS,
XV.
AGARICUS fipitatus pileo globoſo purpureo, lamellis croceis
ferratis.
Jerratis.
AGARIC
WITH
SERRATED GILLS.
T A B.
XIV.
THE root is an hard blunt termination of the ſtem ; it is of
a brittle ſubſtance, and ſeems to adhere to the ground by
its baſe, without viſible fibres : there is no volva.
The ſtem is round, upright, hard, and folid; it is the
thickneſs of one's thumb, three inches long, and of a duſky
gold colour; the ſubſtance within a pale yellow, brittle, and
ſpongy; not diviſible in filaments: there is no curtain.
و
The gills in three ſeries, rather remote, ſtrong, groſs, and
brittle, adhering to the ſtem by a narrow claw; their colour is
a fine gold yellow, and they are remarkable, in being viſibly
ſerrated on the edges with a browniſh colour.
The pileus globular, three inches in diameter, of a bloomy
purple colour; it is ſoft, and feels to the touch like fine wool-
len cloth, yet there is no viſible dawn. The fleſh or ſubſtance
is thick, brittle, and white. The whole plant diſſolves in a
brown loathſome jelly, about the third day from its firſt ſpring-
ing up.
Grows in woods, but is rare. The ſpecimen here figured
grew in the plantation at Bramham, near Leeds ; it grew under
the trees to the left hand, when you enter the park by a foot-
way from Keddow-Lane-Head, Auguſt 28, 1786.

V


مان

25
Agaricus concinnu.
an Ag. cervirus. Seham. tab. 103_3.3:22l, et

GROWING
15
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo cumpanulato fufco vifcido, lamellis XVI.
trifidis albis, ſtipite fiſtuloſo albo.
concineus,
N E AT
A GA RI C.
TAB.
XV.
THE
HE root is a little ſwollen, frequently compreſſed, or of
an irregular figure; it has a few proper fibres, and is not
furrounded by a volva.
The ſtem is the thickneſs of a gooſe-quill, white, fiſtular,
and of a tender delicate ſubſtance; it is two or three inches
high, and has no curtain.
The gills are in three ſeries, numerous, deep, of a thin
pliable texture, cloſely and beautifully arranged; their colour,
like that of the ſtem, is white.
The pileus of a dark mouſe coloured brown, while young
of a bell-ſhape, and covered with a viſcid ſlippery fluid z after-
wards becomes dry, and expands, but not ſo as to become
horizontal : the fleſh is thin and white, in decay it diffolves in
a brown turgid jelly.
Grows in moiſt places in ſeveral woods about Halifax. The
fpecimen here figured, I gathered in the Birks, or Burks,
September 23, 1786.

16
AN HISTORY OF
A GARICS,
XVII.
elafticus.
AGARICUS ftipititatus, pileo convexo ferrugenio, lamellis
trifidis remotis rigidus, cortina elaſtica albida, Nipite
inæquale.
ELASTIC
A GARIC
T A B.
XVI.
THE root is hard and tuberous, emitting numerous brown
fibres, by means whereof, it takes firm hold in the
ground; it ſuſtains ſeveral plants, and is deſtitute of volva.
The ſtem is unequal in thickneſs, being largeſt near the
root, and gradually tapering upwards; it is folid, firm, and
elaſtic; of a red brown or ruſt colour, white within, and
eaſily divides into thin fibres, or filaments.
The curtain is of a dead white, of a tough ſubſtance,
breaks round the verge of the pileus, and remains on the top
of the ſtem, like a little thick ruffle, for ſeveral days.
The gills are in three ſeries, groſs, tough, and remote; of
a duſky white colour, and adhere to the ftcm by a narrow
claw.
The pileus is convex, an inch in diameter, of a browniſh
ruſt, or ferrugenious colour, looks and feels like woollen cloth
not of the beſt quality, being a litle harſh to the touch. The
fleſh is white, of a ſpongy elaſtic ſubſtance, and has a taſte not
diſagreeable. The whole plant is of a tough leathery ſubſtance,
and in decay dries and withers.
Grows in dry and barren grounds, under oak trees, in
October. This fpecimen grew under oak trees in the Park at
Fixby, in October, 1786.

10

애
​OF

MICH

17
To

GROWING
17
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
XVIII.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo lamellis et ftipite albido, tota planta
coriacea.
umbilicatus.
NAVEL
A GARIC.
ТА В.
XVII.
THE root is a little hard tubercle, the ſize of a ſmall pea,
of a browniſh colour, and furniſhed with a great number
of fine ſhort capillary greyiſh fibres : there is no volva.
The ſtem is round, cylindrical, the thickneſs of a duck's
quill, three inches high, of a dead white colour, and of a ſolid,
firm, tough, elaſtic ſubſtance; but eaſily ſplits from end to end,
in white, ſpringy, ſhining filaments: there is no curtain.
The gills are diſpoſed in three ſeries, rather broad than other-
wiſe, remotely placed, white, and of a tough and pliable fub-
ſtance.
The pileus at firſt convex, afterwards becomes horizontal
and depreſſed in the centre, with a cavity reſembling a navel ;
it is from one to two inches diameter, of a white colour, a
ſmooth ſurface, and a tough elaſtic ſubſtance. The plant is
of a flow growth, and abides for weeks; in decay the colour
changes from white to a yellowiſh brown, after which it melts
in a brown liquor.
Grows in cloſe plantations, particularly thoſe of fir or
larch, from July to October. It abounds in the plantations
about Fixby-Hall, the ſeat of T. THORNHILL, Efq; The rich
and extenſive plantations around that rural and beautiful Villa,
have afforded me ſeveral curious and undeſcribed ſpecies of
Britiſh Fungi.
D

18
AN HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
XIX.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo conico-albido acuminato, lamellis
fufco pallidis, ftipite numeroſo albido.
confertise
WHITE
CLUSTERED
AGARIC.
TAB.
XVIII.
THE root is an irregular lump of a tough hard ſubſtance,
emitting numerous ſhort grey dawny fibres, it is not ſur-
rounded by a volva, and ſupports numerous plants.
The ſtem white, dry, gently tapering from the root upwards,
the thickneſs of a ſwallow's quill, two inches high, of a dry
light ſilky ſubſtance, but not fiſtular. There is a white dawny
curtain, viſible only juſt when the pileus firſt peeps above the
ſurface of the ground.
The gills are in one ſeries, being all extended from the rim
of the pileus to the top of the ſtem; they are cloſely arranged,
and of a thin and delicate ſubſtance: their colour is white, with
a faint tinge of pale brown.
The pileus is conical, terminating in an acute point, which
point is tinged with a yellowiſh brown, the reſt white, the ſur-
face ſmooth, the ſubſtance light and cottony. In large fpeci-
mens it is about an inch in diameter ; in decay it withers, and
becomes like ſoft paper.
Grows amongſt the Bark in hot-houſes. The ſpecimen
here figured and deſcribed, grew in the Pine-Stove of J. CAY-
GILL, Eſq;, at Halifax, November, 1785,

18
James Balcon deli et feulp
: 173

UNIO

Jag
tot

jkube
бт

GROWING
19
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
XX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo fulvo, anguſto convenco, lameilis
anguſtus crafis, ſtipite ramoſo craſ Spongiofo fuſco. Battara, laricinus
Tab. II. B. C.F.
L ARCH
A GA RI C.
T A B.
XIX.
THE
HE root confifts of an irregular miſhapen hard piece of
matter, ſuited, in ſize and ſhape, to the cavities wherein
it grows, as if it had been caſt there in a mould; upwards it
divides in ſeveral ſtems, which are the thickneſs of one's thumb,
in the largeſt plants; the ſtems compreſs one another near the
root, and are frequently united in their ſubſtance, growing out
of each other, and are actually branched; the colour is a dead
greyiſh brown, and the ſubſtance ſoft, fpongy, and eaſily com-
preſſible: the root is deſtitute of volva.
The curtain is narrow, of a dead white colour, and a ſoft
cottony ſubſtance.
The gills are in two ſeries, of unequal length ; they are
few, narrow, groſs, brittle, and white.
The pileus is fox-coloured, feels ſoft and clothy to the
touch ; its diameter is often not much more than that of the
ftem ; it is conſtantly of a convex figure, and a dry, light,
ſpongy fubftance; eaſily compreffible between the fingers; and
inſtantly, on removing the preſſure, re-aſſumes its own form.
Grows on the bark of larch trees, when in a ſtate of decay ;
it ſeems to take root between the wood and the bark, the latter
of which it burſts to make itſelf way.
The ſpecimen here figured, I gathered in a little plantation
at Lee-Bridge, near Halifax; where I have ſeen the plant every
Autumn, for ſeveral years paſt.
D 2

20
AN HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
XXI.
perillatusa
AGARICUS Ripitatus, pileo campanulato plicato atro, ſtipite
longo ventricoſo albido. Fungus pileolo cumpanulato vertice
levi, &c. Mich: Gen: p. 189, t. 80, fig. 5.
MOURNING
A GARIC.
TAB.
XX.
THE
HE root conſiſts of a few grey dawny fibres, ſurrounding
the bottom of the ſtem, and extending themſelves on the
ſurface of the matter wherein it grows, for a ſmall ſpace, round
about.
The ſtem is ſeven or eight inches high, of a ſilver white,
fiftular, and ſwelling towards the lower part, juſt like the ſeed-
ing ſtem of an onion; it is of a very tender ſubſtance, and
eaſily divides in white ſilky tender filaments.
The pileus and gills ſeem to be inſeperable, or united in
one ſubſtance; they are plaited like a fan. The ſubſtance ten-
der, watery, pellucid, of a pale colour, but thickly covered.
with a black glutin, or moiſt powder, which diffolves on being
touched. The weight of the pileus, and weakneſs of the ſtem,
makes it very difficult to take up the plant without breaking
the neck of the ſtem ; as is expreſſed in one of the figures.
Grows in the ſpace of a night, and falls and diſſolves the
following day. The ſpecimen, from which I took the figure,
diſſolved in the time of drawing into a black viſcid liquor,
which, when dry, lay like a footy powder on the table, June
22, 1786.
Grows on dunghills, or in fat meadows. The pileus at its
firſt appearance, is covered with a grey dawny volva, which
foon vaniſhes.



UNI

21
ou
samo kaya
po na toly, from Nature by James Bolton at Hal faveler

GROWING
21
A BOUT
HALIFAX.
XXII.
AGARICUS Nipitatus, pileo planiuſculo lattefcente margine
deflexo, lamellis ramoſus pallidis.
piperatus.
WHITE
PEPPER
AGARIC.
T A B.
XXI.
TH
"HE root conſiſts of a few ſhort fibres, adhering to the bot-
tom of the ſtem, which terminates in an obtuſe point:
there is no volva.
The ſtem is white, ſmalleſt above and below, ſwollen in
the middle, where it is an inch or more in diameter; the ſur-
face is ſmooth, and the ſubſtance firm, folid, hard, and very
brittle : there is no curtain.
The gills are extremely numerous and irregular ; their cen-
tral extremity juſt touches, ſcarce adheres to, the top of the
ſtem ; they are narrow, and of brittle ſubſtance; of a very pale
milk colour, and exhibit no proper arrangement, the ſhorter
being united unto the longer, or iſſuing from them in a branched
order ; ſome are entire for their whole length, others are divided
and ſubdivided in a difhotomous order, as in the Agaricus
chanterellus.
و
The pileus is white, fmooth, hard, and brittle; at firſt
much deflected round the rim, afterwards becomes horizontal,
and at laſt funnel-ſhaped. When either the pileus, gills, or
ſtem are wounded, there iſſues out a milk, of an hot peppery
taſte, and leaves a diſagreeable ſenſation on the tongue for ſome
hours.
Grows in woods about Halifax.
This is the true Pepper Agaric, found by Dr. LISTER in
Morton woods, under Pinno-Moor, Craven. See Raii: Syn:
p. 5. There is another Agaric, with which this ſeems to have
been confounded, as will appear in the courſe of this work.

Α AN
22
HISTORY
A GARICS,
XXIII.
AGARICUS Nipitatus, pileo fordide flavo, lamellis luteo rufis.
Sp: Pl: 1642.
cinnamoneus.
Agaricus ftipitatus, pileo convexo rufo lamellis flaveſcentibes, ftipite
longo flavo. Hudſon, 615, 18.
BROWN
A G A R I C.
T A B.
XXII.
THE
HE root is hard, brown, compreſſed or flat; ſometimes
irregularly diſtorted, emits brown hard fibres, and takes
firm hold in the ground: it is not ſurrounded by a volva.
The ſtem is ſmooth, ſmalleſt near the root, gradually in-
creaſing upwards; while young it is ſolid, but becomes fiſtular
afterwards; the ſubſtance is tough, and eaſily divided into flen-
der filaments; the colour is a yellowiſh brown; it is three or
four inches high : there is no curtain.
ز
The gills are in three ſeries, deep, of a ſoft pliable ſubſtance,
and of a pale yellowiſh cinnamon colour ; comparitively they
are few in number.
The pileus is at firſt convex and waved round the margin,
afterwards it becomes horizontal, and more ſenſibly waved and
undulated; and at laſt the rim becomes ſo much elevated, as to
give the pileus a funnel ſhape, but with a gentle elevation in the
The ſurface is ſmooth, feels like vellum, and is of a
cinnamon colour; the whole plant is of a tough pliable ſub-
ſtance, and continues for ſeveral days.
centre.
2
Grows in woods about Halifax abundantly; greatly varying
in fize, according to ſoil and fituation.

22
Pap2
at
Heli
Games Bolton deb.et dadlo AD 1787

der

о
со

11
(ราะ11)
(Sonตก)

GROWING
23
ABOUT HALIFAX.
.
XXIV.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo campanulato fubfuſco Squamato,
lamellis albidis, ſtipite bulboſo anulato. Lightfoot's Flora
Scot: 1025. Agaricus (procerus). Hudſon's Flo: Ang:
612, 10.
annulatus,
RUFF LED
AGARIC.
Τ Α Β.
XXIII.
THE
HE root is bulb-ſhaped, of a ſoft and ſpongy ſubſtance,
about the fize of a pigeon's egg, and ſends out numerous
proper fibres: there is no volva.
The ſtem is upright, ſmooth, round, and gradually tapering
from the root upwards ; it is white, fiftular, and has a fine
dawn in the perforation; the ſubſtance foft, elaſtic, and eaſily
diviſible in ſoft ſilky filaments; the colour is white at firſt,
but afterwards changes to a pale ſtraw colour. It is five or fix
inches high.
The curtain is a little tough, white, fperates from the rim
of the pileus, abides on the ſtem like a ruffle, and is moveable
upwards and downwards, by means of a central ring, to which
it adheres, and in which it ſeems to originate.
The gills in two or three feries, of various irregular lengths,
numerous, thin, and deep ; at firſt gently tinged with a light
roſe colour, as in the common muſhroom, next they become
white, and laſtly of a pale brown.
The pileus is at firſt of a globular figure, afterwards be-
comes conical, or bell-ſhaped ſometimes beaked at the vortex,
with a little prominence, the ſize of a fleeve button; when full
grown is wide expanded round the rim, and approaches to an
horizontal poſition ; changes from white to a pale brown, and
is covered with ſoft brown ſcales, which are not the fragments
of a volva, as in the Agaricus, muſcarius, but grow from the
ſubſtance of the pileus.
Grows in the dry parts of woods about Halifax, in October,
but not plentifully.
ز

24
AN
HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
XXV.
extinctorius.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo campaniformi albido lacero, lamellis
niveis, ftipite ſubbulboſo ſubulato nudo. Linn: Flo: Suec:
1196. Sp: Pl: 1643. Hudſon Angl: 617, 29.
EXTINGUISHER
AGARIC.
T AB
XXIV.
THE
HE root is a little ſwelled, hard, white, and emits brown
fibres from the ſides; ſometimes it ſuſtains ſeveral plants,
ſometimes only one: it is not ſurrounded by a volva.
The ftem is cylindrical, ſmooth, white, fiftular, with a
ſmall perforation, wherein is a ſoft dawny matter like cotton ;
it is an inch in circumference, and five inches high: there is
no curtain.
The gills are in one ſeries, extremely numerous, thin,
deep, and delicate ; of a pure white colour at firſt, afterwards
turn to a pale brown, and in decay diſſolve in a dark brown
liquor. Their great number makes the pileus heavy as in the
Agaricus fimilarius, plicatus, luridus, &c.
The pileus is ſhaped like an extinguiſher, terminating
bluntly above, and ſpreading out at the rim, where it is a little
waved and undulated; the ſurface is ſmooth while the plant is
young, afterwards becomes ftiated, and at laſt lacerates and
diffolves. The colour is white at firſt, except a gentle tinge of
brown near the top, as it advances in age, the white changes
to a very pale brown; and in ſome ſpecimens there are a few
dawny ſcales or tufts of a pale brown, as in the Agaricus
fimitarius.
Grows amongſt ſand, in moiſt and ſhady ſituations about
Halifax, but is rare there,

24

UN
OF

OR

25
PIZ
James Bolton seher Soul p. 1787 af Hades

GROWING
25
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS Nipitatus, pileo conico griſeo viſcido, margine XXVI.
inæquale, lamellis integris profundis ſordide cæruleus, stipite luridus.
folida arcuata.
FOUL
AGARIC.
ТА В.
XXV.
THE root is hard and miſhapen, of a dirty brown, emitting
many fibres, ſuſtaining one or more plants, and is deſtitute
of volva.
The ſtem is hard, ſolid, crooked, or bent in various direc-
tions ; it is about the thickneſs of one's little finger, of an ugly
pale litter-colour, and four inches high: there is no curtain.
The gills are in one feries, extended from the rim of the
pileus to the centre, but do not adhere to, or even touch the
ſtem; they are extremely numerous, and very cloſely arranged ;
they are deep and large, rendering the pileus heavy by their
great number ; they are of a diſagreeable ſordid greyiſh blue,
and in decay diffolve in a brown ſtinking fluid.
The pileus irregularly cone-ſhaped, diameter of the baſe
two inches and a half, height from the baſe to the top about
the ſame meaſure ; it is of a kind of duſky greyiſh hue, with
a caſt of dirty olive colour ; is quite ſmooth, and covered with
a thick ſlippery loathſome half-congealed fluid. The margin is
lobed, and finuated in an irregular manner ; the lobes and hol-
lows being very unequal and ſometimes ſeparated by deep
galhes.
Grows on Gibbet-Hill
, and in ſome other places near Hali-
fax.-It differs from the A. ftriatus, as will be ſeen hereafter.
In this ſpecies we frequently find ſeveral young plants ad-
hering to the root of a full grown one.
E

26
AN
HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
XXVII.
AGARICUS ſtipititatus, pileo conico, ſubfuſco lacerato Squamoſo,
lamellis integris griſeo pallidis, ftipite fiftulofo albido.
domefticus.
DOMESTIC
A G A RIC.
TAB.
XXVI.
THE root confifts of a great number of dawny grey fibres,
ſome of which infinuate themſelves into the ſubſtance of
the putrid wood, whereon it grows; the reſt creep like mouldi-
neſs upon its ſurface. The plants moſt commonly grow in
bundles from the ſame root.
The ſtem is white, and ſhines with a filky gloſs; it is fiftu-
lar, of a thin light ſubſtance, the thickneſs of a gooſe-quill,
and three or four inches high ; it eaſily divides in white glitter-
ing filaments, and often abides after the pileus is fallen.
The curtain is extremely delicate, and vaniſhes as ſoon as
the rim of the pileus begins to ſeparate from the ſtem.
The gills are in one ſeries, numerous, broad, and deep; at
firſt of a pale grey colour, but in decay diſſolve in a black inky
liquor.
The pileus is at firſt of an oval figure, and wrapped up in a
volva which is peculiar to itſelf, and does not inwrap the root.
The volva is of a cottony ſubſtance, and a very pale grey brown
colour ; as the pileus increaſes in bigneſs it burſts in fragments,
and remains like warts on the ſurface. From an oval, the
pileus changes to a conical figure; the margin undulated, next
becomes bell-ſhaped, and at laſt lacerates and diffolves,
Grows on decaying pieces of moiſt wood, in cellars, cold
kitchens, &c. in plenty.

26
Hifi

OF


201
Fame Bolton sel et sculo

GROWING ABOUT
27
HALIFAX.
muſcarius.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, lamellis dimidieatis ſolitariis, ſtipite XXVIIT.
volvato, apice dilitato, baſe ovato. Sp: Pl: 1640, 4.
Agaricus cauleſcens pileo fanguineo verrucis, lamellifque albis,
ftipite albo baſi globoſo. Flo: Lapp: 595. Hudſon Angl:
612. Lightfoot Fl: Scot: 1010, 3.
FLY
AGARIC.
T. A B.
XXVII.
THE
*HE root is large, and bulb-ſhaped, of a ſoft ſpongy ſub-
ſtance, and together with the young plant ſurrounded by
a thick volva, when the ſtem begins to ſhoot, the volva breaks,
and the pileus appears; as it advances in growth, the bulb at
the root diminiſhes in ſize, and is often nearly exhauſted in full
grown plants
The ſtem is white, brown, or reddiſh ; ſoft, ſpongy, and,
while the plant is young, ſolid; afterwards becomes fiſtular,
the thickneſs of one's thumb, and four or five inches high.
The curtain, after it has performed its office, is ſeparated
from the pileus all round the rim, without being torn, and re-
mains for ſome time on the ſtem, like an elegant white ruffle.
The gills are in two ſeries, moſt of them extended from the
ftem to the rim of the pileus, but are interſperſed with others
extending but half way; they are white.
The pileus, at its firſt eruption from the volva, is of a
globular figure, ſmooth and ſhining, with a ſlippery glutin;
when full grown becomes horizontal, and the ſurface nearly
flat; it is of various colours, but generally tinged, more or
leſs, with red. In dry ſeaſons, or improper foils, the volva
does not feparate from the pileus, but remains in broken frag-
ments, like warts, upon its ſuface.
Grows in dry woods about Halifax, from Auguſt to October.
E 2

28
AN HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
XXIX.
* elephantinus.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo craſſo hemiſpherico fabluteo viſcido,
lumellis trifidis crafjis fragilis ſubalbidis, ftipite albo cralo
Spongioſo.
ELEPHANT
AGARIC
T A B.
XXVIII.
HE root conſiſts of a few fibers, which iſſue from the
bottom of the ſtem : there is no volva.
ز
The ſtem is upright, ſolid, large, and of a fair white co-
lour; it is fix inches in circumference; and about four inches
high ; the ſubſtance is ſoft, ſpongy, and eaſily compreſſible; the
figure approaches to an oval, being broadeſt in the middle, and
narrow above and below. When the plant grows old, the ſtem
becomes cylindrical, hard, of a dark colour, and hollow within:
it has no annulus or curtain.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, they are deep, remote,
extremely groſs, (being a line in thickneſs) brittle, and appear
like wax of a very pale kind of whitiſh tallow colour.
The pileus, at its firſt appearance, is globular, and inwraps
the whole of the plant, except the radical fibres : for its margin
or rim ſurrounds and embraces the bottom of the ſtem, and by
this means ſerves the ſame purpoſe as a volva in ſome other
Agarics; afterwards it acquires an hemiſpherical figure, is
covered with a viſcid liquor, and is of a yellowiſh clay colour.
In decay the pileus becomes irregularly horizontal, lacerates,
becomes dry, changes to dark colours of various hues, and ſeems
as if a conſiderable degree of fire had paſſed upon it.
Grows in the dry part of woods about Halifax, in October,
and, if the ſeaſon is dry, abides ſeveral weeks in the ſtate re-
preſented in the upper figure, plate 28.

28
fresses

SNIL
OF


29
a

GROWING
20
ABOU T
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo convexo luteo, lamellis virefcentibus, XXX.
ftipite flavo. Hudſon Angl: 615, 20. Fungus mediæ mag- faſcicularis.
nitudinis pileolo ſuperne rufo ſtavicante, lamellis ſubtis fordide
virentibus Raii: Syn: 10, 57.
BU N D L E D
A GARIC.
ТА В.
XXIX.
T *HE root is a miſhapen piece of fungous matter, large in
proportion to the number of plants it ſuſtains, emits a few
fibres, is of tough ſubſtance, deſtitute of volva, and ſuſtains
numerous plants, from three to fifteen.
The ſtem curved, growing at firſt horizontally, and then
riſing gradually upwards; it is about the thickneſs of a fwan's-
quill, fiſtular and three inches high; it is of a duſky yellow-
colour, with a tinge of green, and thinly covered with a dawny
kind of filaments.
و
The curtain is of a pale yellow, flender and delicate as the
fineſt ſpider's web: found only when the plant is juſt ſprung
up, breaks, and vaniſhes when the verge of the pileus begins
to unfold.
The gills are extremely thin and numerous, they are narrow
of a ſoft pliable ſubſtance, and greeniſh olive colour ; they ad-
here lightly to the ſtem by a narrow claw.
The pileus from one to two inches diameter, ſmooth, of a
pale yellow, near the margin, growing ſtronger near the top,
where it is of an orange or ſcarlet colour ; the top or central
elevation, is not always in the middle, but bears to one ſide,
which gives the pileus the figure of a nipple ſhell. In decay
the whole changes to a dirty brown, and diffolves in the ſpace
of five or fix days from its firſt ſpringing up:
Grows on putrid wood, or on the ground amongſt timber
in wood-yards, or near the roots of trees, about Halifax, in.
Auguſt and September, plentifully.

30
AN
HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
XXXI, AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo convexo viridi lamellis fuſcis befidis,
polituse
cortina glauco griſeo, ftipite brevi.
GREEN
POLISHED
AGARIC.
Τ Α Β.
XXX.
THE
HE root is hard, firm, obtuſe, and covered with numerous
grey dawny fibres: there is no volva.
The ſtem is round, hard, firm, folid, and an inch and a
half high; it is of a warm brown, or ferruginous colour, and
rather diminiſhes in thickneſs from the bottom upwards.
The curtain is of a greyiſh pale blue green, on the outſide,
and ſeems covered with a glaucus duft; on the inſide it is the
ſame colour as the gills : it abides in fragments on the ſtem,
and on the rim of the pileus, for a little while after its break-
ing.
The gills are in two ſeries, not adhering to the ſtem ; they
are deep, and of a pretty ferruginous brown; they are numerous,
and of a thin pliable ſubſtance.
The pileus is at firſt egg-ſhaped, then becomes hemiſpheri-
cal, afterwards ſpreads out at the verge, and lacerates ; it is
two or three inches diameter, and of a beautiful bright blueiſh
green; at firſt it is covered with a glutin, or gummy fluid, which
when dry acts like rich varniſh, and gives an excellent ſhining
gloſſy poliſh to the ſurface. In decay the colour fades, and the
plant diſſolves at the age of eight or ten days.
Grows under fir trees in the plantations about Fixby-Hall,
and elſewhere. It takes root amongſt the fallen leaves, juſt as
the Hydnum auriſcalpum does, on the decaying cones ; I never
met with it growing in any other kind of ſoil.

30

UN
go

TOR

I

GROWING
31
A B OU T
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS Nipitatus, pileo campanulato ftriato pellucido, XXXII.
lamellis adfcendentibus, ftipite nudo. Sp: Pl: 1643. Hud- campanulatus,
.
fon Angl: 618, 31.
BELL
A GA RI C.
T A B
XXXI.
THE root is a little brown bulb, emitting brown fibres from
its bottom and fides.
The ſtem is cylindrical, fiſtular, tranſparent, of a whitiſh
grey colour, the thickneſs of a ſwallow's quill, and five or fix
inches high.
The curtain is very delicate, vaniſhes when the plant is
about an inch high, but leaves a black veſtage on the ftem,
which abides for a little time, and then diſappears.
The gills are in two ſeries, narrow, thin, tranſparent, and
of a grey colour, changing black in decay.
The pileus is at firſt conical, ſmooth, and brown, afterwards
the rim begins to diverge, and to appear dimly ſtriated, with
fine tender lines; the next ſtage a black ciliation begins to ap-
pear round the rim, and as it advances in growth the pileus
expands, and what before appeared to be ſtria, are now found
to be actual plaits, the angles whereof are alternately brown
and lead-coloured; the black ciliation is divided into little tufts,
which adhere to the extremities of the brown angles, and give
a pretty appearance to the rim of the pileus. It is about an
inch and a half in diameter, of a tender watery ſubſtance, and
ſemi-tranſparent; in decay it diffolves in a brown liquor. It
grows up in one night, and periſhes the next day.
Grows in meadows where the ſoil is rich, in September and
October, about Halifax plentifully.

32
AN HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
XXXIII.
endroſaceus.
AGARICUS ftipitatus albus, pleo plicato membraneceo, Nipite
nigro. Sp: Pl: 1644. Hudſon Angl: 621, 44. Lightfoot
Flo: Scot: 1027, 19.
BLACK
STALKED
AGARIC.
Τ Α Β.
XXXII.
THE
"HE root conſiſts of a few imperceptible fibres, which in-
ſinuate themſelves into the ſubſtance of ſuch decayed ve-
getable matter, as afford proper nouriſhment to the plant.
The ſtem is one or two inches high, hard, black, and
fhining; from the thickneſs of a horſe's hair to that of a large
hog's briſtle, either of which, in ſubſtance and in touch, it not
unaptly imitates. It often remains for a conſiderable time after
the pileus is fallen.
The gills are few, narrow, and remote ; they are of a pale
duſky white, while the plant is young, but change to brown
afterwards.
The pileus is at firſt conical, and white, afterwards ſpreads,
becomes almoſt horizontal, and about half an inch in diameter;
the colour changes to brown, pale near the margin, darker in
the centre ; it is ſometimes ſtriated and conſtantly of a thin,
dry, membraneous ſubſtance. In decay it withers and falls off.
Grows on putrid leaves, chiefly thoſe of oak, in the ſhady
moiſt parts of woods about Halifax; it alſo grows on moors,
among ruſhes. I ſaw it in great abundance, in September, this
year 1787, on the hill above Cauſey-Foot, near Halifax; it grew
upon the ſtalks of decayed ruſhes, in the place where the
Trientalis europæa, and the Ophrys cordata grow.


ск-
1

we

والله
المسلم على

GROWING
33
A BOUT
HALIFAX.
XXXIV.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo hemiſphærico plumoſo murino,
lamellis trifidis albidis ſtipite longo plumoſo.
plumoſus.
FEATHERED
AGARIC.
Τ Α Β.
XXXIII.
THE root is round, hard, the fize of a pea, of a browniſh
black colour, and emitting a few long hard fibres: it is
not ſurrounded by a volva.
The ſtem is hard, ſolid, cylindrical, often bended or waved,
the thickneſs of a duck's quill, and about four inches high;
is cloſely covered with ſmall dawny or feathery tufts, of a per-
fect mouſe-colour: there is no curtain.
The gills are in three feries, deep, and terminate in a claw
at the baſe, which juſt touches the top of the ſtem; they are
numerous, ſoft, flexible, white, and of a dry light ſubſtance.
The pileus is hemiſpherical, an inch and a half in diameter,
of a perfect mouſe-colour, and, like the ſtem, thickly covered
with little tufts of a dawny matter, which grow from its ſur-
face, and are of the ſame colour with it; there is a beautiful
fringe, of the fame dawn, all round its margin. The ſub-
ſtance is thin, light, dry, and flexible: it withers in decay.
This curious and beautiful Agaric, I gathered in a little
ſteep wood, belonging to the farm called Ramſden, in the
townſhip of Ovenden, near Halifax, Auguſt, 1787; it grew in
plenty there,
F

34
AN
HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
XXXV.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo infundibulo murino, lamellis feffilis
ramofus griſeus.
infundihuli-
formis.
FUNNEL-SHAPED
AGARIC.
T A B.
XXXIV.
THE root is little thicker than the bottom of the ſtem ; it
is obtuſe hard, tough, and emits many ſhort fibres: there
is no volva.
The ſtem is about two inches from the root to the gills; it
is often flat, and more or leſs depreſſed in longitudinal hollows,
with alternate ridges ; it is fiſtular, or hollow, quite from the
root, and runs inſenſibly into the pileus, as the tube of a con-
volvulous does into its limb-ſo that the upper ſurface of the
plant is a continuation of matter, the fame in ſubſtance and
colour, from the verge of the pileus down to the root. The
ſubſtance is thin, pliable, tough, and elaſtic; the ſurface a
a little gloſſy, feels to the touch like vellum, and is of a greyiſh
mouſe-colour. In ſome young ſpecimens there is a kind of
membrane, or a continuation of the ſurface extended over the
opening of the top of the ſtem, which is repreſented in one of
the half-figures, on the plate.
The gills are equal, and ſeem to be of the ſame ſubſtance
as the plant: they are branched like nerves, as in the Agaricus
chantarellus; and are of a kind of filvery grey colour.
This Agaric I found in Lee-Bank-Sbroggs, in October,
1786; it has been brought to me, from ſeveral other places,
by my friends.
This plant ſeems to connect the Agaricus chantarellus with
the Peziza cornucopioides, equally partaking of the one and of
the other.

34
Jamuobaulen deli zt Saloje.

OF
ASI

ON

315
i
(man
Hatefon
James Bolton

GROWING
35
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo conico, margine undulato ſtriato, XXXVI.
lamellis trifidis durnticarneis, ſtipite fiſa longa minute ſtriata.
filus.
SPLIT-STALKED
AGARIC.
T A B
XXXV.
THE root is a round, hard tubercle, of a brown colour,
furniſhed with numerous ſhort dawny fibres; and is not
ſurrounded by a volva.
The ſtem is the thickneſs of a gooſe-quill, and four or five
inches high; it is fiſtular, and moſt commonly flat or com-
preſſed. It appears to be of a pale grey colour, but on being
cloſely examined, is found to be neatly ſtriped with fine longi-
tudinal ſtripes, alternately, of a mouſe-colour and a filky
white, and as fine almoſt as hairs. It is further remarkable in
this, that when the plant is arrived to its perfect ſtate, it fre-
quently ſplits from top to bottom, the two halves rolling their
edges together, and forming each an hollow tube; after which
it abides for ſeveral days, and appears as if the pileus was ſup-
ported upon two ſtems: there is no curtain.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, deep, numerous, thin,
flexible; and of a colour between carnation and orange.
The pileus from one to two inches in diameter, ftriated near
the margin, where it is of a duſky kind of olive colour, but
brown at the apex.
Grows in the Shröggs, the Burks, the North-Dean, and
ſeveral other woods about Halifax, as I have obſerved this year
1787
F 2

36
AN HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
XXXVI. AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo conueno, lamellis trifidis profundis,
Nipite longa, tota planta ruberrimo.
tubeus.
R E D
A G A RIC.
Τ Α Β.
XXXVI.
TH
HE root conſiſts of a great number of ſhort dawny fibres,
connected to the bottom of the ſtem: it is not ſurrounded
by a volva.
The ſtem is hard, ſolid, generally curved or bent; it is
ſwollen near the bottom, elſewhere equal, and about the thick-
neſs of a gooſe-quill; it is four or five inches high, and of a
ſtrong bright red, as are all the other parts of the plant: there
is no curtain.
The gills are in three ſeries, deep, regularly and beautifully
arranged; they are thin, tranſparent, and, when ſeen between
the eye and the light, are of a bright and glowing ruby colour.
The pileus is an inch and a half in diameter, opaque, and
of a fine dark red; it feels cottony to the touch, but there is no
perceptible dawn.
This Agaric I ſaw growing in ſeveral places in a little range
of wood, belonging to Shibden-Hall, near Halifax, October 29,
1786; where I gathered the five ſpecimens which are exactly
figured on plate 36.--I never met with it elſewhere.

36
James Bolton beli ot deuts!

UNEL
OF

UNE
doc

37

GROWING
37
A B OUT
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo campanulato membranaceo, lamellis XXXVIII.
trifidis albidis pellucidis, ftipite longifimo pellucido albido.
tenuis.
S L E N D E R
A GARIC.
TAB
XXXVII.
THE
*HE root conſiſts of numerous white dawny fibres, which
infinuate themſelves into the ſubſtance, or ſpread upon
the ſurface, of decaying leaves, ſticks, and other vegetable ſub-
ſtances : there is no volva.
The ſtem is equal, ſmooth, white, pellucid, the thickneſs
of a ſmall pack-thread, and fix inches high; it is extremely
tender and brittle, breaks and diſſolves on being touched: there
is no curtain.
The gills are few, arranged in three ſeries, very thin and
delicate, white, and of a pellucid watery fubſtance.
The pileus at firſt conical, afterwards bell-ſhaped, ſmooth,
pellucid, and of a watery white, except the apex, which is
tinged with a pale browniſh mouſe-colour; the ſurface is
ſmooth and plain till the plant begins to decay; it then appears
ftriated round the rim, and preſently falls and diſſolves.
Grows in the deep, moiſt, and ſhady parts of woods, where
the air is ſtill and calm ; particularly, in a little wood above
Lee-Bridge, near the Brook, below Burks-Lane, near Halifax.
The ſpecimen above deſcribed, was gathered there, in the be
ginning of September, 1783. I have ſeen it in Woodhouſe-
Wood, North-Dean, and ſeveral other like places.

38
AN HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
XXXIX.
trilobus.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo fulvo, margine, ſtriato, lamellis
omnibus æqualibus, ſtipite bafi volvata.
TRILOBATE A GA RIC.
T A B.
XXXVIII.
FIG.
II.
TH
HE root is ſwollen, and of a bulbous figure ; is foft, and
of a pale kind of orange colour : it is incloſed in an ele-
gant volva, of the ſame colour, which is divided almoſt to the
centre in three lobes or fegments. It is of a foft dawny fub-
ſtance, the thickneſs of glove-leather, and feels between the
fingers to be of a ſubſtance ſimilar thereto. It is permanent,
abiding till the decay of the plant.
The ftem grows gradually ſmaller from the root upwards,
while young it is folid, round, and ſmooth; when old be-
comes fiſtular, but with a dawny matter in the perforation; it
is of a pale kind of cinnamon colour, and four inches high :
there is no curtain.
The gills are in one ſeries, rather remote, deep, not ad-
hering to the ſtem, narrow at the baſe, increaſing in breadth to
the extremity, where they are broad, and terminate obtuſely:
they are of a pale cinnamon brown.
The pileus is ſmooth, ftriated near the margin, three inches
diameter, and of a beautiful bright brown, inclining to an
orange colour.
Grows in the dry parts of woods about Halifax. The ſpeci-
mens here figured, I gathered in Ramſden, August 31, 1787.
XL.
lateo albus.
AGARICUS ftipitatus parvus, pileo conico ftriato flavo, lamellis
trifidis albis, ftipite filifornia.
YELLOW
WHITE AGARIC.
AND
T A B.
XXXVIII.
FIG,
I.
THE
'HE root conſiſts of a few fibres, by which it adheres to
decayed plants; particularly mofles of various kinds,
The ftem is the thickneſs of an hog's briſtle, of a pale
yellow, and an inch high.
The gills are white, deep, and arranged in three ſeries.
The pileus of a pale yellow, conical, and ſtriated.
Grows common in woods near Halifax.

38
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
q 오
​
ON
RICH

so

O
O
I. Bolton
beleet je wel on

GROWING
39
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
XLI.
umbelliferus
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo plicato membranaceo, lamellis bafi latioribus,
Sp: Pl: 1643. Lightfoot, Scot: 1026, 18. Hudſon, Angl: 261, 24.
U M B R E L L A A G A RIC.
T A B. XXXIX. FI G. A.
THE
"HE Root conſiſts of dawny fibres, adhering to decayed leaves, &c.
- The ſtem an inch high, very feeble and delicate ; of a pellucid
watery ſubſtance.-The gills in one ſeries, very delicate, broadeſt at
the baſe, and white. --The pileus the ſize of an hemp ſeed, white, and
gently ſtriated. Grows in damp woods common about Halifax.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo luteo convexo ftriato, lamellis ftipit aque
albis. Sp: Pl: 1644, Hudſon Angl: 622, 45. Lightfoot, Scot:
1027, 20.
PIN A G A R I C.
XLII.
clavus.
TAB. XXXIX.
FIG. B.
XLIII.
candidus.
TA B. XXXIX.
FIG. D.
IT grows in fimilar places with the laſt, and is about the ſame ſize,
but of a firmer ſubſtance. The colour of the pileus is a browniſh
yellow, ſometimes orange-coloured, or of a bright ſcarlet; of a dry
opaque ſubſtance, and generally contracted round the rim; in decay it
withers, and abides for ſome days in a dry ſtate.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo hemiſphærico, lamellis ftipitaque albis.
Hudſon Ang: 620, 39,
WHITE A GA RI C.
THE root confifts of dawny fibres, by which it adheres to the fallen
and decaying ſtalks of plants. The ftem half an inch in length,
ſoft flexible and of a dead white colour.-The gills white, dry, and
flexible.--The pileus of a dead white, at firſt conical, afterward nearly
horizontal, but inflected at the rim. It withers in decay, and abides
for a long time. —They often grow many near together, on the ſame
ſtick, but have ſeparate roots. -Grows in Wood-houſe-Wood, but is
rare there.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo radiato plicato, ftipite pellucido filiformia.
W H E E L A G A RIC.
XLIV.
radiatus.
T A B. XXXIX.
FIG. C.
THI
HE root white, dawny. -The ſtem an inch and a half high, watery,
pellucid, extremely brittle and tender.--The pileus at its firſt
appearance conical, and of a red brown colour ; is in a ſtate of per-
fection in the ſpace of two or three hours, when it becomes of a blackiſh
aſh colour, and pellucid. It conſiſts of two membranes, plaited to-
gether like a fan; the angles of the plaits a little fubtend beyond the
margin.—It appears like a ſmall wheel, with ſpokes.
Grows on
horſe-dung, after rain, in the month of Auguſt,

40
AN HISTORY
OF
A GARICS,
XLV.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo pulvinato griſeo, lamellis trifidis
anguſtis albidis, ſtipite bulbofo craſo ſpongiofo.
mollis.
SOFT
A G A RIC.
TAB.
XL,
THE root is bulbous, ſoft, and ſpongy; emitting ſhort
dawny, almoſt imperceptible, fibres, by which it adheres
to dead and putrid vegetables, particularly oak leaves : there is
no volva.
The ſtem is ſoft, light, fpongy, and brittle; the thickneſs
of one's thumb, of a dead white, round, and perfectly up-
right; it is about three inches high, and deſtitute of curtain.
The gills are narrow, arched, arranged in three ſeries,
numerous, thin, delicate, and of a dead white, inclining a little
to a pale yellowiſh hue; they are of a ſoft, dry, light ſubſtance;
the third ſeries is very ſhort, as expreſſed in the plate.
The pileus is at firſt of an oblong figure, when full grown
becomes almoſt flat, but riſing round the ſides in form of a
cuſhion, the rim is conſtantly inflected. The ſurface is of a
clothy touch, ſmooth, and ſoft; it is of an invariable pale mouſe-
colour, from its firſt appearance to the utter decay of the plant;
it is three inches in diameter. The fleſh or ſubſtance of the
pileus is dry, foft, brittle, and incapable of being divided into
filaments; it cuts like cream-cheeſe, the colour and ſubſtance
of which it not unaptly reſembles.
Grows in the dry parts of woods, and in paſture grounds
about Halifax, not unfrequently.
It differs from the Agaricus piperatus, in being deſtitute of
milk, in its ſoft ſubſtance, and bulbous root, and in that the
gills are in three regular and diſtinct ſeries. The two laſt cir-
cumſtances diſtinguiſh it from the Agaricus integer alſo.

А A

SIND
بی کران

WA

B
܂ .
James Bolton Deb; et de cliente

AN HISTORY
41
OF
AGARICS,
XLVI.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo palliado ftriato contorto, lamellis
rugofis, ftipite arcuata.
TURF A GARIC.
ceſpitoſus,
T A B.
XLI.
FI G.
C.
THE
HE root is round, hard, and black ; emitting ſhort fibres
of the ſame colour : there is no volva.--The ſtem is an
inch long, bended or bowed; it grows from the perpendicular
fides of the pits where peat has been dug.-The gills are very
remote, much diſtorted and crumpled.—The pileus an inch in
diameter, ftriated, pellucid, much diſtorted, and of a yellowiſh
clay colour.
XLVII.
tortilis.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo fufco ftriato undulato, lamellis
carneis, ftipite brevi.
CRUMPLED A G A RIC.
ТА В.
XLI.
FIG,
A.
THE root is
*HE root is ſmall, black, and fibrous. The ſtem a quarter
of an inch high, of a duſky fleſh colour; as are alſo the
gills.-The pileus is of a dark reddiſh brown, marked with a
few ftria ; it is convex at firſt, afterwards becomes horizontal,
or funnel-ſhaped ; the margin lobed, crumpled. and diſtorted
in various directions.- Grows in rich garden-mould, about
the roots of ſuch plants and ſhrubs as afford much ſhade.
ز
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo hemiſpherico purpureo, lamellis
trifidis albis, ftipite purpureo.
PURPLE AGARIC.
XLVIII.
purpureus.
T A B.
XLI.
FIG.
B.
THE
HE root is a round, hard tubercle, furniſhed with brown
ſhort fibres.--The ftem fiftular, an inch high, and of a
livid purple.-The gills deep, arranged in three ſeries, and
white.--The pileus more than half an inch in diameter ; while
young hemiſpherical, of a livid purple, and a little clammy;
afterwards horizontal, and of a pale brown. Grows under
clofe plantations of fir, about Halifax, in July, plentifully.
G

42
AN HISTORY
of AGARICS,
XLIX. AGARICUS Ripitatus, pileo villoſo fulvo, lamellis trifidis
villijus.
leucophæus, cortina alba, ſtipite adſcendente, an picromyces
villosus
tunicatus. Battar: p. 47, Tab. 8, Fig. H. Sive, Agaricus
mutabilis. Hudſon Angl: 615, 22.
SHAGGY
A GARI C.
T A B.
XLII.
TH
HE root conſiſts of a mouldy grey dawn, adhering to the
bottom of the ſtem ; it is not ſurrounded by a volva.
The ſtem is of an hard dry brittle ſubſtance, of a duſky
white, inclining a little to a pale buff colour; it grows at firſt
horizontally, and then curving upwards, is five or fix inches
long, and diſtinguiſhed by a thick dawny annulus, which fur-
rounds it near the top, and in which the curtain originates.
The curtain is wite, fine as a ſpider's web, lacerates, and
hangs for ſome time, in white dawny fragments, round the rim
of the pileus.
h
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, they are arched nume-
rous, narrow, and of a pale greyifh aſh colour.
The pileus is at firſt round or globular, afterwards becomes
hemiſpherical, and three inches in diameter; it is covered with
a pile or nap, of a dawny, or rather hairy matter, and of a
fulvous brown, or fox-colour. The fleſh of the pileus is white
and brittle; in decay it lacerates and diffolves.
Grows under the roots of trees, in woods where the ſoil is
dry. I ſaw it in great plenty, in October, 1786, in the dry
and ſteep part of the wood called Ramſden, it grew, not only
from under the roots of trees, but from the ſides of breaks,
and from under the rocks; the ſtem being hidden, and hori-
zontal; and the pileus with only juſt the curved part of the
ſtem appearing
.

42
James Bolton delictes

OF 아
​Agica

A.,

43
Etched on thelopper from Natura bio
by fan
Halifax, faly.in

GROWING
43
A BO U T
HALIFAX.
L.
AGARICUS fiipitatus, pileo fufco craſſo margine undulato rimoſo,
lamellis bifidis craſſis pallidis, ftipite longo fufco inæquale.
rigidus.
RIGID
AGARIC.
T A B.
XLIII.
THE root conſiſts of a number of ſhort brown fibres iſſuing
from the bottom of the ſtem; there is no volva.
The ſtem is generally curved or bent, it is five or fix inches
in length, terminating in a kind of obtuſe point below, or ra-
ther appears as if the point was bitten off; upwards it increaſes
in thickneſs for about half its length, and decreaſes again to the
top; it is an inch or more in diameter, in the thickeſt part ;
while the plant is young it is ſolid, afterwards becomes fiſtular,
in both ſtates is of a brown grey colour, and of an hard, dry,
brittle ſubſtance : there is no curtain.
The gills are in two ſeries, few, narrow, of a very pale
yellow, rigid, brittle, and very much crumpled and undulated,
by reaſon of the rolling in, or inflection of the pileus.
The pileus is at firſt round, afterwards becomes bluntly
cone-ſhaped; while young the margin is much inflected round
the rim, ſo as to embrace the ſtalk; in the next ſtage of growth
it is much undulated or crumpled round the margin ; at laſt it
ſplits in ſeveral places, falls and diffolves. Its colour is a duſky
reddiſh brown, from firſt to laſt; the ſubſtance of the fleſh
thick, brittle, dry, and white.
Grows in the plantations and wood grounds, about Fixby-
Hall, in July and Auguſt, I have not ſeen it elſewhere.
G 2

44
AN HISTORY
of AGARICS, &c.
LI.
fimitarius.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo campanulato lacero, lamellis lateraliter
flixuoſis, ſtipite fiſtulofo. Sp: Pl: 1643. Hudſon Angl: 617, 28.
Lightfoot Scot: 1021, 13.
E G G
A G A RIC.
TA B.
XLIV.
HE root is bulb-ſhaped, tapering to an obtuſe point below;
it is white, emits a few dawny fibres, and is not incloſed
in a volva.
The ſtem is cylindrical, fiſtular, with a ſmall perforation;
it is white, a little dawny, and fix or eight inches high.
The curtain is white and delicate; breaks, and entirely
vaniſhes, while the plant is young.
The gills are very numerous and cloſe, broad, deep, and
render the pileus heavy; they are in one ſeries, being all ex-
tended from the rim of the pileus almoſt to the centre, but do
not adhere to, or even touch, the ſtem. They are at firſt white,
afterwards change to a pale reddiſh colour, and at laſt diffolve,
with the pileus, in a black inky liquor, which falls from the
rim in round drops.
The pileus is conical, terminating bluntly above, while
young of an oblong oval figure; it is from four to fix or eight
inches high, and one or two diameter at the baſe; it is of a
brown or fuſcous colour at the apex, which colour is loſt in a
duſky white, at a little diſtance below. The ſurface, in ſome
ſpecimens, is covered with a kind of browniſh dawny ſcales,
which are not the fragments of volva, but grow from its ſur-
face; while the plant is young theſe ſcales do not appear, and
ſometimes it is at all ages deſtitute of them. In decay the pileus
lacerates, and the whole diffolves.
Grows in fand beſides graſs-beds, and by-paths, near towns
and villages, in September and October.

ਹੈ।
+4

SNIL
MICH

NOMINA
TRIVI A LI A.
А
Tab.
L
Tab.
32
38
A
Ndrofaceus
Annnlatus
23
Luteo albus
Luridus
Laricinus
Lactifluus
Latus
!!!!
25
19
3
2
с
41
M
39
39
31
Mollis
Muſcarius
Membranaceus
ili
40
27
22
II
Ceſpitoſus
Clavus
Candidus
Campanulatus
Cinnamoneus
Confertis
Concinneus
Cæruleus
Caftaneus
Cornucopioides
Criftatus
18
P
15
I 2
10
41
37
33
8
7
Purpureus
Procerus
Plumoſus
Politus
Piperatus
Pullatus
Pompatus
lili
N Nese
D
26
5
Domeſticus
Deliciofus
Denticulatus
li
9
R
4
43
43
E
Radiatus
Rigidus
Rubeus
Repandus
36
4
28
Eburneus
Elephantinus
Extinctorius
Elaſticus
s
24
16
Serratis
14
T
F
Tortilis
Trilobus
41
Faſcicularis
Fimetarius
Fiffus
38
29
4.4
35
11.
V
Villofus
I
42
U
Umbelliferus
Umbilicatus
Infundibuliformis
Irregularis
13
13
-
Integer
39
17
1

ENGLISH
N A M E S.
B
Page
L
Larch -- Agraric
Page
19
B.
ELL Agaric
Black-ſtalked
Bundled
Blue
Broad
31
32
29
12
2
Milky
Mourner
Membraneous
1
3
20
2
11
C
N
Navel
Neat
17
15
22
Crumpled
Cinnamon
Cluſtered
Cheſnut
Cornucopia
Creſted
MI
ola
428987
O
Orange
9
Р
D
Dark-red
Purple
Pin
Pepper
Pompous
455
36
21
E
R
0
44
28
Ringed
23
3
Egg
Elephant
Extinguiſher
Elaſtic
Equal Gill'd
S
24
16
1
Soft
Splitting
Serrated
Shaggy
Spreading
40
35
14
42
6
F
11
Feathered
Fly
Foul
Funnel-ſhaped
33
27
25
34
T
1,70
Toothed Gill'd
Tall
Trilobate
Turf
4
37
G
Green-poliſhed
30
3
U
H Н.
Umbrella
1
39
Hard
Houſe
-
43
26
w
Wheel
White
39
39
I
4
Ivory
Irregular
-
.
13
Y
Yellow and White
38
END
of Vol. I.

Α Ν
H I S T
TO RY
0 F
F U N G U S S ES,
GROW IN G
A А во ут
H AL
I
F
A
X.
W Ι Τ Η
W I
FORTY-EIGHT
COPPER-PLATES;
ON
WHICH
ARE
ENGRAVED
FIFTY-FOUR SPECIES of
of FUNGUSSES,
V I Z.
The Remainder of the AGARICS, with the Three ſucceeding GENERA,
BOLETUS, HYDNUM, and PHALLUS:
Wherein their various Appearances in the different Stages of Growth, are faithfully exhibited in
more than
T W 0 H U
H U N DR E D FI G U R E S,
Copied with great Care from the PLANTS, when newly gathered and in a State of Perfection.
With a particular DESCRIPTION of each SPECIES, in all its Stages,
From the firſt Appearance to the utter Decay of the Plant; with the Time when they were gathered; the Soil
and" Situation in which they grew; their Duration; and the particular Place
mentioned, where all the New or Rare Species were found.
The Whole being a plain Recital of FACTS, the Reſult of more than Twenty Years Obſervation.
Ву
JA
M E S B 0 L T ON,
Member of the Nat. Hift. Society, at EDINBURGH.
V OL.
II.
NATURA
S E M P E RE A D E M.
H UD DER S F I EL D:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, BY J. BROOK, BOOKSELLER; AND SOLD BY B. WHITE AND SON,
LONDON; J. BINNS, Leeds; W. EDWARDS AND SONS, AND J. MILNER,
HALIFAX; AND MAY BE. HAD OF ALL OTHER BOOKSELLERS.
M,DCC,LXXXVIII.


INTRODUCTION
C o N T I N
U E D.
THI
*HE Halvella inflata has, for ſeveral years paſt, grown plentifully
in the plantations about Fixby-Hall, near Huddersfield; it makes
its annual appearance in two or three particular places in thoſe fertile
woods, and I never met with the plant in any other place, though I have
often fought it in fimilar foils and fituations,
The Hydnum imbricatuma, has at its ſeaſon, for more than twenty
years ſucceſſively, grown in one part of North-Dean, near Halifax:
though I have very rarely ſeen it elſewhere in this neighbourhood.
Some of the paraſitic Boleti are perennial and abiding, growing and
increaſing from year to year, as the Boletus igniariusý, (and amongſt
the Agarics the A. quercinus';) others which are of a more periſhable
nature, and ſerve as food to the numerous brood of various kinds of in-
ſects, I have found to grow annually from the ſame ſpot, as the Boletus
Squamous", and the Boletus bepaticus
C2
Some
a Tab -88. Tab. 80,- Tab. 73.cd Tab. 77. Tab. 79,

Ι Ν Τ R Ο D E C Τ Ι Ο Ν.
The Boletus eleganst, which was found in the hollow of an old elm
tree root, in Auguſt, 1786, did not make its appearance there in 1787,
but this preſent year 1788, on the 28th of July, another ſpecimen grew
in the ſelf fame ſpot;, ſo that this ſpecies ſeems to be biennial in its
nature.
Some ſpecies of Fungi are ſubject, from accidents, in foil, fituation,
and expoſure, to vary much in point of ſize: I have ſeen ſpecimens of the
Lycoperdon boviſta, varying from the fize of a walnut to that of a child's
head, when the ſmall, as well as the large ſpecimen, had arrived at its full
extent of growth.
July 18, 1788, the Agaricus latuss was brought me, in a ſtate of un-
common luxuriance. The pileus meaſured twenty-ſeven inches in cir-
cumference, the ſurface was waved, and the margin undulated; a gill of
the firſt ſeries meaſured three inches and two lines in length, and ſome-
thing more than one inch in breadth; the ſtem was near ſeven inches
high, and about four in circumference; the feeds were of a brown colour,
and ſpherical.
In September, 1787, I gathered a ſpecimen of the Agaricus muſcarius,
which weighed thirty-one ounces and upwards, though the lower part of
the ſtem and the root were wanting. Happily however, this inequality
of ſize is not very productive of error in the detection of ſpecies; for the
ſubſtance, texture, conſtituent matter, and generally the colour too, are
often exactly ſimilar, and undergo the fame mutations in the ſmaller, as
in the larger ſpecimen.
In regard to the ſtems of Agarics, the circumſtances of folid and fiſtu-
lar, ſhould be attended to with caution, before they can be properly ap-
plied as diſcriminative characters; becauſe in many ſpecies the ſtem is
ſolid in the firſt ſtages of growth, but becomes fiſtular, by degrees, when
the plant arrives to its perfect ſtate; and, in the progreſs of decay, be-
comes
f Tab. 76.-8. Tab. 2.

Ι Ν Τ R Ο D E C Τ Ι Ο Ν.
xxi
comes more and more hollow, till its final diſſolution. In deſcribing
the plants, in this work, I have carefully noted theſe changes: but all
ſtems of this kind are to be conſidered as folid, when that circumſtance is
made uſe of, by way of ſpecific character; and where it is ſaid, that a
ſtem is ſolid, it is meant, when the plant is in a ſtate of growth and
vigour ; when it is ſaid, that a ſtem is fiſtular, it is to be underſtood from
its firſt appearance above ground.
I have endeavoured in all the figures, to give proper attention to the
Roots of the Agarics ; a part of them which ſeems to have been greatly
neglected, though moſt of the ſpecies are furniſhed either with a proper,
or a common root. It generally conſiſts of a tuberous piece, of a propor-
tionable fize, and a tough hard ſubſtance; which is, as it were, incorpo-
rated into the baſe of the ſtem, and emits fibres into the ground or other
matter, for the ſupport of the plant. It is often, however, overlooked,
for if the plant is not taken up with care, the baſe of the ſtem breaks,
and the root, with its fibres, remains in the ground, and eſcapes our
notice.
Figure, in the Pileus of Agarics, which has by many been conſidered
as a character of ſpecific diſtinction, has been a ſource of much per-
plexity; the truth of this aſſertion will be obvious, when we conſider,
that in many ſpecies the ſeveral Terms, globular, oval, convex, umbeli-
cated, and funnel-ſhaped, may, with equal propriety, be applied to the
ſame individual ſpecimen, in the various ſtages of its growth. Theſe
mutations of figure are carefully noted throughout the work, both on the
plates and in the deſcriptions; and where the figure of the pileus is
brought in, as aiding to the ſpecific character, it is meant, to denote its.
figure when in a ſtate of perfect growth, or between the laſt exceſs of its
increaſe, and the firſt approaches of its decay. Laceration or rents in the
pileus, which are always a certain ſign of its approaching decay, are the
effect of contraction in its ſubſtance, and depend in ſome meaſure on the
dryneſs or moiſture of the air ;, for in rainy ſeaſons, when the plant can
imbibe

xxii
Ι Ν Τ R Ο D E C Τ Ι Ο Ν.
C
imbibe a ſufficient ſupply of moiſture, it often falls and diffolves with-
out lacerating.
Colour, in Agarics, (eſpecially in the peruſal of ſuch authors as have
given deſcriptions without figures) has been another ſource of much per-
plexity; for though the colours in the reſpective fpecies are not very
inconſtant, yet they are of ſuch mixed and indeterminate hues, and
thoſe of one ſpecies ſo nearly verging upon thoſe of another, that it is
little leſs than impoffible, to convey clear and diſtinct ideas of them, by
words alone, either in our own or any other language. For this reaſon
I have been particularly careful in mixing the colours, both in making
the drawings and colouring the prints, to imitate the preciſe hue of the
object, as near as I poſſibly could.
The part of an Agaric which is extended from the ſtem to the rim
of the hat, and which authors diſtinguiſh by the term velo, I have
named in Engliſh curtain rather than veil; becauſe the latter has been al-
ready made uſe of, in our language, to denote an hood or covering on
the fructification of moſt moſſes, which is of a quite different figure from
the curtain of an Agaric, and of which the word veil contains a more apt
idea.—The uſe of this part, in one as well as the other, is to ſecure and
conceal thoſe hidden operations of nature, which are neceſſary to the pro-
duction of perfect ſeeds; but in the moſſes it is a cloſe hood, in the
Agarics it is an extended membrane.
The cover, which in ſome ſpecies ſurrounds the root, and inwraps
the pileus in its infant ſtate, is by Battarra, Scopoly, Schoeffer, Hallar, and
others, termed volua. The excellent Linnaeus, it ſeems, did not conſider
the volva and curtain as diſtinct objects, for in the ſpecific characters of
the Agaricus muſcarius, we find, ftipite volvato*; in the deſcription of
Agaricus extinctorus; bafi craffus nudus abſque volvat. The term Volva,
is made uſe of in the preſent work, becauſe no Engliſh word occurred to
me, which I thought equally expreſſive, of the figure and uſe of that
ſurrounding
* Sp. Pl, 1640-t Flora Suecica 1196.

Ι Ν Τ R Ο D E C Τ Ι Ο Ν.
xxiii
ſurrounding cover. Spatha, a ſheath, is now almoſt ſolely applied to the
lily narciſſus, and other plants of the fame, or a fimilar ſtructure; gluma,
an huſk, to the graſſes, &c. involuerum, (involuere) to a cover of a par-
ticular ſtructure, found on the top of the ſtems and branches of the um-
belliferous plants, and ſerves as a defence to the umbells of flowers,
whether univerſal, partial, or both.
In making choice of ſpecimens, I have throughout the work avoided
ſuch as were uncommonly large, or ſmall in their kinds; and have
drawn and deſcribed fuch as were of a middling fize, in reſpect to others
of the ſame ſpecies. Often, when I have met with a plant in one ſtate
only, whether young, middling, or otherwiſe, I have made an exact draw-
ing in that ſtate ; and finding the plant afterwards in a different ſtate, I
have taken another figure, perhaps on the ſame or on a ſeparate paper, and
have always accompanied theſe drawings with deſcriptive notes.-In the
Drawing, I have all along endeavoured to give a faithful and accurate imi-
tation of the object before me, and to repreſent Nature juſt as I ſaw her
in herſelf, with her ſimplicity and accidents about her. From a ſelected
choice of the above drawings, the figures on the plates were taken ; and
from thoſe deſcriptive notes, the deſcriptions were ſelected : and there
not one figure, nor one deſcription in the whole work, which was not
originally drawn and written by my own hand, from an immediate in-
ſpection of the reſpective object, when in a recent ſtate; and (except in
a few inſtances) gathered, in the natural place of growth, by me.
The Etching of the plates, ſuch as it is, is wholly my own perform-
ance; and when a ſpecimen fell into my hands, at a time when I had an
opportunity of etching it, I made the primary outline upon the copper
without any previous drawing, I drew it on the waxed plate, with ver-
million, in the point of a fine pencil; and when I copied drawings, I
uſed the ſame method in laying the outline upon the plate; for beſides
that it was more readily done, and more agreeable to me, it prevented
thoſe injuries which the wax is liable to in back tracing; and preſerved
an

xxiv
I N T R O DU C. TI O N.
an air of originality in the outline, which is not without great difficulty
retained, under that hazardous and diſagreeable operation.
The Efſay towards a methodical arrangement of the Agarics contained
in this work, how imperfect ſoever in its preſent infant ſtate, may, I
hope, be uſeful, in exciting the attention of ſuch of my friends in par-
ticular, or of Botaniſts in general, as have made ſome progreſs in the
ftudy of this perplexing, and extenſive branch of Natural Hiſtory.
The primary diviſions are founded in the diſpoſition and arrangement
of the gills; the ſecondary, in the preſence or abſence of either the volva,
or curtain, or both; and the ſpecific diſtinctions are drawn from the ſize,
figure, colour, texture, &c. &c, of all the parts, both external and in-
ternal, combinedly. The neceſſity of this combination is the moſt per-
plexing part in the ſtudy of Agarics, and this perplexity muſt always
remain :-for the parts are ſo ſimple and few, and the Genus fo numerous,
that it is impoſſible to affix ſingle ſpecific Diagnoſtics.-That a gradual and
progreſſive arrangement or diſpoſition may exiſt, between all the created
ſpecies of this Genus, I deny not, but this connection (till all the created
ſpecies are known) we can no more diſcover, than we can write a com-
pleat Hiſtory in any Language, and be denied the uſe of perhaps three-
fourth parts of the characters, which conſtitute the Alphabet of that
Language. The chain can never be compleated, while ſo many inter-
mediate links are wanting.
In citing Authors, I have referred to ſuch figures or ſynonyma as I
thought moſt proper, but did not think it neceſſary to ſwell the Book, by
tranfcribing thoſe ſynonyma; many of them being already collected to-
gether, in Mr. Hudſon's excellent Flora, and in moſt other ſimilar pub-
lications, as well as in this work, at the head of the reſpective deſcrip-
tion of the plant, except in the new or undeſcribed ſpecies.
The

Ι Ν Τ R Ο D E C Τ Ι Ο Ν.
XXV
The plants of the order of Fungi, afford food to many ſpecies of in-
ſects; the gills of Agarics, and the tubes of the ſtalked Boletuſſes, are
greedily devoured by ſnails; while the ſolid or fleſhy parts afford both
food and habitation to the Larva of numerous ſpecies of flies, both of
the Diptera and Coleoptera claſſes. Some of theſe Larva, when ſuffi-
ciently fed in the fleſhy parts of the plant, make their way down the hol-
low of the ſtem into the ground, where they ſwathe themſelves, and
remain in the Pupa ftate, till the appointed time of their revival.
Throughout this work, I have endeavoured to clear the ſubject from
thoſe difficulties wherewith it has been long encumbered. In ſome
fpecies, indeed, it was very difficult to determine with precifſion ; the
plants are ſo very fimilar in figure; fo very different in appearance,
at different ſtages of their growth; ſo various in their colour, according
to the weather or their age; and fo confounded by authors, that a man
might almoſt ſpend his whole life amongſt them, in order, clearly and ac-
curately, to aſcertain their ſpecies. I have carefully obſerved, drawn, and
deſcribed the plants of this order, when in ſeaſon, for twenty-ſeven years
paſt; having drawings in my poſſeſſion which I made in 1761. I have
made uſe of all the lights I could obtain from the works of Linnæus,
Hudſon, Scopoli, Haller, Vaillant, Micheli, Battarra, Sterbeeck, Gleditſch,
Dillenius, Ray, &c. &c. and after all, I willingly ſubmit my obſervations
to the few, who have ſtudied the ſubject as devoutly as myſelf, to alter,
change, or totally rejeet, ſuch as are wrong; and I hope that thoſe few,
knowing the difficulties that attend the undertaking, will candidly over-
look and forgive ſuch ſmall miſtakes as have eſcaped me.


ON
MICH

15

А
N
HISTORY
OF
A GARICS,
GROWING
about
HALIFAX.
LII.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo convexo Squamato albido, lamellis
rufis. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1641.
ESCULENT AGARIC, Muſhroom or Champignion.
campeftris.
TA B.
XLV.
THbf agreyiſh colour
HE root is ſurrounded with numerous ſhort dawny fibres,
of a greyiſh colour.
The ſtem is folid, brittle, cylindrical, and white; while
young a little fwollen in the middle, and is large and thick in
proportion to the pileus.
The curtain is white, of a dawny or cottony ſubſtance,
foon lacerates, falls off, and vaniſhes.
The gills in three ſeries, pointed at the baſe, not adhering
to the ſtem; at firſt of a pale roſe colour, afterwards change to
a brown hue, and turn black in decay.
The pileus while young is globular, generally ſmooth and
white, ſometimes tinged with a pale brown, and having an ap-
pearance of ſcalineſs on its ſurface; as it advances in age the rim
unfolds, till at laſt it becomes nearly horizontal, changes by way
of buff colour to a duſky brown, and falls and withers in decay.
Grows in paſture grounds, after much rain, in July and
Auguſt, not in plenty about Halifax.
This Agaric is in much requeſt at table, having an excellent
flavour, and being accounted fafe. There are inſtances, however,
on record, of its pernicious and fatal effects upon ſuch as have
eaten largely of it; but it may be aſked, whether thoſe bad
effects were occaſioned by a poiſonous quality in the true muſh-
room, or by an error or overſight in the gatherer? For the
Agaricus annulatus, which is eſteemed poiſonous, ſo nearly re-
fembles the muſhroom in ſome of its ſtates, that I have ſeen it
gathered, by miſtake, for that ſpecies. The Agaricus vernalis
alſo, ſometimes, nearly reſembles it.
H

46
AN
HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
nobilis.
LIII. AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo hemifphærico amplo coccineo, cum
fragmentis niveis eleganter ornato, volva dupla, radicale
lobata perffante, pileana lacerata.
NOBLE A G A R I C.
ТА В.
XLVI.
THE
HE root approaches to a bulb-Shape, is white, and of a
ſubſtance fimiliar to that of the ſtem; it is ſurrounded
with a thick white volva, which enwraps the whole plant in its
infant ſtate, and abides till the decay of the plant.
The ſtem is firm, ſolid, brittle, cylindrical, white, up-
right, and four inches high.
The curtain is white, pretty firm, and has ſome degree of
elaſticity; it ſeparates from the pileus all round the margin,
and abides for ſome time like a white ruffle round the ftem.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, of a ſemi-oval ſhape,
not adhering to the ſtem, of a pure white colour, and ſoft de-
licate ſubſtance.
The pileus is ſurrounded by a volva proper to itſelf, de-
tached and ſeparate from the radical volva; this is a thin, light,
white dawny epidermis or covering, which enwraps the ſub-
ſtance of the pileus, while it is yet encloſed in the radical volva,
and, after its eruption, is by the increaſe of the pileus torn in
fragments, which are as white as ſnow, and remaining on its
ſurface, give an elegant and pleaſing appearance to the plant.
The pileus is convex, the rim entire, the colour of its fur-
face a fine, clear, bright, and glowing ſcarlet; is ſmooth, and
feels likę fine vellum; the ſubſtance of the fleíh is white, thick,
and brittle.
This plant differs from the Agaricus muſcarius, in having a
volva or covering proper to the pileus only, and in having the
gills arranged in three ſeries.
The ſpecimen here figured and deſcribed, I gathered in a
plantation at Mills-Bridge, near Huddersfield.
i

97
сару лигатор

30
ios

وار

47
Drapny cheha from Nature by folian tSramany near Faljar. kare) 3.22.A 1788.

GROWING
47
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
LIY.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo convexo cinerea verrucoſo, verrucis
lamellifque albis, ftipite baſi bulboſo. Hudſon Ang. 613, verrucofuso
No. II.
W ARTY
A GA RI C.
T AB.
XLVII.
THI
'HE root, as in the laſt fpecies, is a little ſwelled, or ap-
proaching to a bulb-ſhape, eſpecially while the plant is
young; it is ſurrounded with a large, white, lobed, permanent
volva, which emits a number of fibres from its baſe.
The ſtem is firm, folid, upright, cylindrical, of a brittle
ſubſtance, and four or five inches high.
The curtain is white, tough, ſoft and dawny to the touch;
it ſeparates from the pileus all round the rim, without being
torn, and remains on the ſtem.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, but variable in their
reſpective lengths ; they are deep or broad, white, ſoft, pliable,
and numerous.
The pileus is globular at its firſt eruption from the volva,
and cloſely covered with prominent warts, which are not the
fragments of any volva, but of a ſubſtance ſimilar to that of
the pileus, and grow thereupon; they are hard, of a firm tex-
ture, and on being forced from the pileus will break its ſurface;
they increaſe proportionably with the plant in the progreſs of
its growth, and at its maturity are eaſily ſeparable therefrom,
leaving pale marks on the parts of the ſurface which they
occupied.
The colour of the warts is a little paler than that of the
ſurface of the pileus, both are of a browniſh duſky mouſe
colour; the fleſh is thick, white, and brittle.
Grows in woods, about the roots of trees, but is a rare
ſpecies here. The ſpecimen here repreſented, I gathered in
the Shroggs, oppoſite Birks-Hall.
It differs from the A. nobilis and A. muſcarius, in that the
inequalities on its ſurface are growing tubercles, and not looſe
fragments.
H 2

48
AN
HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
LV.
AGARICUS ftipitatus totus albus, ftipite bulbofo volvato, pilea
bemiſphærico splendente glutinoſo, velo areneoſo manente.
svernalis
BULBOUS
VERNAL
AGARIC.
T A B.
XLVIII.
THE
HE root is a large globular bulb, of a ſoft ſpongy ſub-
ſtance, white, and ſurrounded by a ſoft, white, bilobate
volva.
The ſtem is folid, ſmooth, upright, white, ſoft, fpongy,
brittle, and three or four inches high.
The curtain is white, very delicate, while it is extended
over the gills it appears like a thin dawny ſpider's web; after
it is diſengaged from the rim it contracts, and abides on the
ſtem for a ſhort time.
The firſt ſeries of gills lance ſhaped at both extremities,
not adhering to the ſtem; they are interſected by a ſecond and
third ſeries, irregularly, are white and of a thin and delicate
ſubſtance.
The pileus is at firſt globular, at laſt hemiſpherical; the
ſurface ſmooth as fine vellum, and covered with a ſlippery,
ſhining glutin ; the fleſh or internal ſubſtance is ſoft, white, and
dawny.
I have ſeen a large variety of this ſpecies wherein the curtain
was wanting; and the ſtem covered from to top to bottom with
a kind of looſe cottony dawn.
Grows in woods about Halifax, both in ſpring and autumn.
I have named it vernalis rather than bulbofus, becauſe Hud-
son has already given the latter name to a very different ſpecies.
-It is of a poiſonous quality, and many have ſuffered by eating it.
The moſt approved cure, according to BULLIARD, is firſt of all to
take an Emetic, and afterwards ten or twelve drops of Vitriolic
Æther in wine ; if this ſhould not fucceed, bruiſe a clove of Garlic
in milk, and give it to the patient.

48


20
dom

A

GROWING
49
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
LVI.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo pulvinato fubvifcido margine in-
tegro ftriato, lamellis minoris baſi truncatis,- volva lata pulvinatus.
lobata permanere, velo nulla.
CUSHION
AGARIC.
T A B.
XLIX.
THE
HE root is bulbous, large, and ſurrounded with a large,
thick, lobed, grey, dawny volva, which remains till the
decay of the plant; it emits fibres from its baſe.
The ſtem folid, upright, round, ſmooth, and of a dead
dark grey colour;
colour; it is thick and groſs at firſt, but decreaſes in
thickneſs as it advances in height. There is no curtain.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, and are ſtraight or even
on the edges, making the under ſurface plain or flat; the firſt
ſeries terminate in a point at the baſe, and do not adhere to the
ſtem ; thoſe of the ſecond and third ſeries are cut off at the
baſe by a right line obliquely, by which peculiarity the ſpecies
is at once diſtinguiſhed.
The pileus at firſt globular, and glutinous, afterwards be-
comes cuſhion-ſhaped and dry; the margin even, and ſtrongly
ftriated; the ſurface is of a clothy touch, and a kind of mixed
browniſh mouſe colour; the internal ſubſtance white and
fpongy.
This ſpecies is rare about Halifax; it grows in woods, in
ſhady moiſt places. The ſpecimen here deſcribed, I gathered
in Ramſden, September 27, 1787; and have ſeen the plant in
ſome other woods in this neighbourhood.

50
AN
HISTORY
OF
A GARICS,
LVII. AGARICUS totus luteus, ftipite ſubbulboſo annulato, pileo obtuſo
conico piloſo Squamoſo, velo araneofo, fubftantia ficca.
luteus.
YELLOW
COTTONY AGARIC.
ТА В.
L.
THE
HE root is a misſhapen piece of fungous matter, covered
with innumerable grey mouldy fibres, and produces nu-
merous plants in ſucceſſion.
The ſtem is ſwollen or bulbous at the baſe, diminiſhing
gradually upwards.
The curtain is extremely delicate and tender, breaks and
vaniſhes while the plant is young; it originates in a dawny an-
nulus or ring, which ſurrounds the ſtem, and abides after its
diſappearance.
The gills arranged in one ſeries, numerous, lance-ſhaped,
not adhering to the ſtem, the ſubſtance light, tender, and de-
licate.
The pileus cone-ſhaped, blunt at top, in its infancy
wrapped up in a dawny volva or epidermis, which is proper to
itfelf, and which is broken by the increaſe of its growth, and
remains in little, foft, cottony tufts on the ſurface; the margin
is irregularly waved and undulated, and in the laſt ſtages of the
plant becomes ftriated.
The whole plant is of a bright yellow colour, and of a dry,
light, cottony ſubſtance.
The ſpecimen here figured and deſcribed, grew amonſt the
bark in the pine-ſtove belonging to J. CAYGILL, Efq; at Sha,
near Halifax, in Auguſt, 1785,

50
Satin
2. W
22
James Bollon fecit
, at Stannary near Halife April y J. 1980.

SAL
Map

или с

51
J. B. 1788

GROWING
51
ABOUT HALIFAX.
LVIII.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo ſubconico ficco elaſtico, lamellis
paucis trifidis, ftipite prælongo gracili.
atro-rufus.
LITTLE
DARK - BROWN
AGARIC.
T A B.
LI.
FIG.
I.
THE
*HE root is a little round tubercle, the ſize of a rapeſeed,
emitting a few dawny fibres.
The ſtem is cylindrical, filiform, dry, elaſtic, and of a
brown colour. There is no curtain.
The gills are in three ſeries, few in number, tough, pliable,
and of a reddiſh brown colour.
The pileus bluntly cone-ſhaped or convex, ſmooth, dry,
and of a dark brown.
Grows in dry and barren paſture grounds, amongſt various
kinds of moſs.
LIX.
AGARICUS Nipitatus luteus, fipitis parte inferiore et pileo
conico villofis, lamellis albis numeroſis denſis.
Croceus.
SAFFRON - COLOURED
AGARIC.
Τ' Α Β,
LI.
FI G.
II.
THE
HE root conſiſts of a multitude of dawny fibres, adhering
to a misſhapen piece of fungous matter, which ſends up
numerous plants in ſucceſſion.
The ſtem is round, upright, ſolid, three inches high, and
the greateſt part thereof, as well as the whole ſurface of the
pileus, is covered with a cloſe nap or hairy dawny covering, of
a pale ſaffron colour, which ſerves the purpoſe of a volva to
the pileus and ſtem, but does not enwrap the root.
When the rim of the pileus begins to unfold, the volva
breaks, and the ſtem afterwards increaſing in length, is naked,
and of a pale yellow above.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, they are white and
Grows in the Burks, and other woods about Halifax.
numerous

52
AN HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
IX.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo rimoſo: margine violaceo tomentoſo,
ftipite cæruleſente, lana ferruginea. Linn. Sp. Pl 1641.
violaceus.
VIOLET
COLOURED
AGARIC.
T AB
LII.
THE
HE root is ſwelled, and approaching to a bulb-ſhape; it
is firm, hard, ſolid, and ſends out many capillary fibres,
of a pale brown colour.
The ſtem is of a pale purple colour, firm and ſolid, eaſily
diviſible in fine, pale, purple, ſilky filaments, and near the root
is covered with a ruſt coloured dawn.
The curtain is like a fine and tender ſpider's web, foon
breaks and vaniſhes, leaving no remainder ; it is of a browniſh
ruſt colour.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, but irregularly, they
are deep, membranaceus, and gently waved on the edges; the
colour is a violet blue, turning brown in decay.
The pileus at firſt hemiſpherical, afterwards convex; the
rim a little waved; the ſurface ſoft and clothy to the touch ;
while young of a full violet purple colour, but changes to a
pale brown or ruit colour; this change firſt takes place at the
centre of the pileus, and gradually prevails till the purple is
quite loft even to the margin ; at laſt the pileus lacerates, and
the whole diſſolves in a turbid ſtinking jelly, of a ſordid
brown colour.
Grows in Woodhoufe-Wood, and ſome other woods about
Halifax, in Auguſt and September, but not plentifully.

52

OF
Mon

Blue

rit
MAGULANG
te das Kurti
89

GROWING
53
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
LXI.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo conico primo texto pulvere niveo,
poftea glutinojo, margine ciliata, lamellis trifidis nignis, ſtipite ciliaris.
bulbofo.
E Y EL A SH E D
A G A RIC.
TAB.
LIII.
THE root is ſwollen ſo as to approach to a bulb-ſhape, and
emits numerous black fibres.
The ſtem is hard, cylindrical, ſolid near the baſe, but
fiſtular, with a ſmall perforation, near the top; it is round,
ſmooth, firm, and five or fix inches high; eaſily ſplits in fine
flender filaments, is white, and ſometimes covered with a grey
powder.
The curtain breaks and vaniſhes while the plant is young,
leaving a grey indiſtinct annulus on the ſtem.
The gills are of a ſooty grey, arranged in three ſeries, irre-
gularly; they are narrow at the baſe, and broad towards the ex-
ternal extremity, of a ſoft and tender ſubſtance.
The pileus while young (if the ſeaſon is dry) is covered
with a ſnow white powder, the particles whereof glitter when
viewed in the ſun, juſt like thoſe on the petals of a white lily,
or a narciſſus :—this powder ſoon diffolves, and covers the pileus
with a ſlippery glutin; at full growth it is of a conical ſhape,
blunt at top, of a pale kind of ſtraw colour, and a ſmooth
vellumy ſurface. It is ſingular, in that the margin is extended
beyond the extremity of the gills, and terminates in a ſhort
black ciliation.
Grows moſt frequently on freſh dunghills; ſometimes I
have ſeen it in paſture grounds.
It differs from A. plicatus, ſtriatus, luridus, et finetarius, in
that the gills are in ſeveral ſeries, of unequal length; from the
A. clypeatus, in magnitude, and in the blunt external termina-
tion of the gills; and from all others in the marginal fringe.
I

54
AN
HISTORY OF
A GARICS,
LXII.
ftriatus. .
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo campanulato fufco ſtriato glabro,
lamellis griſeis margine criſpis, ftipite fiftulofo. Hudſon
Angl. 617.
STRIATED
AGARIC.
T A B. LIV.
THE root confifts
of a few fibres ifſuing from the bottom of
the ſtem. Authors mention a taper root, running under
ground, which I have not yet been able to diſcover.
The ſtem is upright, white, fiſtular, gently tapering from
the root, and five or fix inches high.
The curtain vaniſhes as ſoon as the rim of the pileus begins
to expand, leaving an obſcure black mark on the ſtem, which
foon vaniſhes.
The gills are all of equal length, broadeſt in the middle,
and gradually diminiſhing to each extremity, where they are
pointed; they are grey in the firſt ſtages of the plant, turning
black in decay. In large fpecimens, when juſt ready to fall,
the feeds are ſometimes viſible to the naked eye, lying like a
red powder, on the edges of the half-diffolved gills.
The pileus is of an oval-ſhape, with one end lopped off;
the rim is lobed and much contracted; the ſurface ſtrongly
ftriated, from the verge to near the ſummit, where it is ſmooth;
the colour is generally a reddiſh brown, ſometimes it inclines
to an aſh colour; and in very damp places, I have ſeen the
pileus in young plants covered with pellucid grains, which,
when rubbed off, feel ſharp between the fingers.
The plant varies greatly in various foils; ſometimes it grows
fingly on the ground, is large, and of a red brown; ſometimes
in vaſt cluſters upon wet decayed wood; and is of a pale
brown, aſh colour or grey:--the whole at laſt diſſolves in a
black liquor.

34

UN
O
vow


0
53

GROWING
55
ABOUT HALIFAX.
LXIII.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo convexo margine involuto, lamellis
trifidis decurrentibus, ftipite adfcendente.
adfcendens
ribus,
a
CU R V E D
A GARI C.
TAB.
LV.
THE
"HE root is hard, of a dark brown, ſends out many black,
hard, ſhort fibres, and ſuſtains one plant only.
The ſtem is hard, ſolid, of a browniſh ſnuff colour, and
about three inches high; it grows on the perpendicular ſurface
of the broken earth, beſides deep lanes and pathways in woods ;
it grows at firſt horizontally, and then curves gradually up-
wards.
The gills are in three ſeries ; thoſe of the firſt running down
the ſtem, in a narrow pointed baſe; they are numerous, of a
dry pliable ſubſtance, and a pale brown colour.
The pileus is convex from firſt to laſt, very much rolled in
at the margin, where it is ſmooth and entire ;-a little above
the margin, on the moſt prominent part of the pileus, all
round about, is a band or belt of a velvety ſurface; it is about
one fourth of an inch in breadth, more or leſs, in proportion
to the ſize of the ſpecimen ;-above this, on the top or upper
part, the pileus is ſmooth, and ſhines as if it were glazed :-
the ſubſtance of the whole is hard, dry, and brittle; the colour
a reddiſh brown.
This plant agrees with the A. lactifluus in ſome particulars,
but differs from it in having the ſtem conſtantly curved, in the
velvety belt on the pileus, and in that the whole is of a dry
ſubſtance, and yields no milk.
Grows in the Burks, and other woods about Halifax, in
September and October.
I 2

56
AN
HISTORY
OF
AGARICS
LXIV. AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo convexo fulvo glabro, lamellis trifidis
fulvofus. remotis craſis decurrentibus, ſtipite folida baſi acuminata.
FUL VOUS
AGARIC.
TAB.
LXIV.
THE root confifts of a few fibres, iffuing from the pointed
termination or origin of the ſtem; the part from which
theſe fibres iſſue, in this as well as moſt other Agarics, is co-
vered with a mucor-like dawnineſs, which poſſibly may be the
remains of a volva, which covered the plant when in a ſtate of
embrio, too minute for our obſervation,
The ſtem is round, upright, ſolid and firm; it is eaſily di-
vided into fine ſlender filaments, of a ſhining white; it tapers
near the root, where it terminates in an obtuſe point; it is a
pale kind of buff colour, nearly white.
The gills are in three ſeries, groſs, remote, arched, and
adhering to the ſtem by a broad decurrent baſe; the colour is
a pale, pleaſant, fulvous brown.
The pileus is of a globular ſhape at firſt, in the progreſs
becomes hemiſpherical, and laſtly horizontal; ſometimes the
rim rolls back, ſo as to ſhew the points of the gills all round,
on the upper-fide; the colour is at firſt a bright fulvous brown,
growing paler as it advances in age, and in decay changes to a
pale dirty white; the ſurface is ſmooth and filky to the touch.
Grows in dry and barren paſture grounds about Halifax, in
September and October.

56
MMR.



57

GROWING
57
ABOUT HALIFAX.
LXV.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo hemiſpherico viſcido, acuminato,
lamellis albis, ſtipite longo cylindrico albo. Sp. Pl. 1642. clypeatus.
No. 16.-Hudſon Angl. 691.
SHIELD
or
BUCKLER
AGARIC.
T A B.
LVII.
TH
HE root is a little, oblong, hard tubercle, emitting a few
black fibres.
The ſtem is hard, ſlender, cylindrical, the thickneſs of a duck's
quill, and five or fix inches high; it is folid, and covered with
a whitiſh grey powder at firſt, afterwards it becomes fiſtular,
and changes to a dark brown or blackiſh colour; the ſurface
is ſmooth, and the ſubſtance eaſily divides in filaments like
hemp.
The curtain is white, vaniſhes and diſappears while the
plant is young
The gills are arranged in three ſeries; thoſe of the third ad-
hering to the ſtem by a broad baſe, the reſt pointed at each
extremity, and broad in the middle; they are numerous, and
of a thin, pliable, and very delicate ſubſtance ;. the colour at
firſt a greyiſh white, turning black in the progreſs.
The pileus is hemiſpherical, ſometimes terminating in a
ſhort conical apex; it is ſmooth, and while young of a dead
white, and covered with a ſlippery glutin; when old it becomes
dry, and changes to a browniſh mouſe colour; in decay the rim
lacerates, and the whole turns black and diffolves. In dry ſeaſons,
I have ſometimes ſeen the rim roll upwards, without breaking,
and ſhew the points of the gills all round, on the upper-ſide.
There is a variety of this very frequent in meadows in this
neighbourhood, which is throughout of a yellowiſh brown or
buff colour.

AN HISTORY
O
AGARICS
LXVI.
peronatus.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo hemiſpherico ſubpellucido, lamellis
trifidis paucis anguftis pellucidis, ftipite parte ſuperior glabro,
inferior lanuginoſo, bah arcuato.
SPATTERDASHED
AGARIC.
T A B.
LXVII. [v
THE
HE root is flat, compreſſed, crooked or bowed, and adheres
by numerous fibres to heaps of fallen decaying oak leaves,
in moiſt and putrid places.
The ſtem is folid, firm, and tough; of a pale ſtraw colour,
and three inches high: the upper part is cylindrical and ſmooth,
but from the middle downwards, it is ſurrounded with an erect
cottony dawn or woollineſs, of a bright yellow colour --which
not unaptly reſembles the ſtraw Spatterdaſh, worn in time of
ſnow by the mountaineers in Yorkſhire.
The gills are in three ſeries, few, thin, and narrow; thoſe
of the firſt ſeries adhering to the ſtem by a narrow baſe; they
are of a pale watery ſtraw colour, and pellucid.
The pileus is hemiſpherical, acute at the rim, where it be-
comes waved when old; it is thin, ſemipellucid, and deſtitute
of fleſh; the ſurface feels clothy to the touch, and appears to
the eye like a mixture of brown and white wool.
It is a rare ſpecies here; grows in the deep and moiſt parts
of woods, amongſt the fallen oak leaves. The ſpecimens here
figured and deſcribed, grew in a little wood, called Trough of
Bolland, in Northowram, near Halifax, September 10, 1787.

58
This Agarie gren in Northoweram in a bottle Woocalla Trough fBolland, der
1787. Drawn and Shehed from Naturely fBolton ał Stannary near Halifax.


UN

59
Dann sind Stechos from Nature by ballon ni Jennarj. Narel.

GROWING ABOUT
59
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo et lamellis livido fuſcis, centro um- LXVII.
bilicate margine deflexo, ſtipite baſi craſiore. Dixon Gript. fordidus.
P. 16. T. 3. F.1.
SOR DI D
A G A RIC.
TAB.
LIX.
THI
'HE root or baſe is a little thicker than the ſtem; it is hard,
of a dark brown colour, and emits a few black fibres.
The ſtem is cylindrical while young, folid, and of a pale
brown colour; afterwards becomes fiftular, and changes to a
dark ſordid brown.
The gills are in three ſeries, thin, narrow, and arched;
thoſe of the firſt ſeries touching the top of the ſtem with a nar-
row baſe; they are pliable, tough, of a duſky brown, tinged
with a fleſhy hue.
The pileus is at firſt convex, a little waved round the rim ;
afterwards it becomes horizontal, next umbilicated in the
centre, and laſtly funnel-ſhaped; the furface is ſmooth, feels to
the touch like vellum, ſhines a little, and is of a darkiſh mouſe
colour when at maturity; it is thin of fleſh; the ſubſtance
tough and leathern; it abides for a long time, and turns quite
black in decay.
Grows in low meadows, where the graſs is deep and the ſoil
rich; it is a late ſpecies, being moſt plentiful in November and
December.
To ſeveral drawings of this Agaric, which I have formerly
made for my friends, I put the trivial pezizoides, but to avoid
confuſion, have here made uſe of fordidus, as given by my
friend DICKSON.

60
AN HISTORY
OF
AGARICS
LXVIII.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo diftorto mutante, fuſceſcente,
laeteſcente, lamellis trifidis, ſtipite compreſo fulcata, bafi
anguſto.
acris.
GREY
PEPPER
AGARIC
T A B.
LX.
HE root conſiſts of a few fibres iſſuing from the contracted
The ſtem is often crooked or leaning, it is compreſſed, ſul-
cated, and uneven ; largeſt at top, and diminiſhing downwards ;
it is firm and ſolid while the plant is young, when old it be-
comes fiſtular; it grows fingle or folitary, and is conſtantly of
a pale greyiſh buff colour.
The gills are arranged in three diſtinct feries; the firſt ſeries
about forty-five in number ; they adhere to the ſtem by their
baſe, are narrow, membranaceous, thin, and brittle; the
colour is a pale buff, with a tinge of fleſh.
The pileus is two or three inches diameter, very various in
its ſhape; it is convex, horizontal, or umbilicated; the mar-
gin frequently lobed or waved, and ſometimes deficient on one
fide; the colour is conſtant, being a kind of mixed grey, be-
tween mouſe colour and buff; the ſubſtance of the fleſh is
white and brittle.
When the gills, pileus, or ſtem, are wounded, there iſſues
a white milky fluid, of a hot acrid taſte. This milk, when
dried in drops, becomes a browniſh gum, but retains little of
its acrimony.
Grows in the ſhady parts of woods, but is rare in this
neighbourhood. The ſpecimen above-deſcribed, grew in
Woodhouſe-Wood, in Auguſt, 1787.
This is a ſpecies altogether different from the true
A. piperatus. See Vol. 1. P.21. T. 21.

60
T
Naturs by Boltot el Mannary near Kalija.18.


Hic

64
яд.
06
bolaageprind
3.Bolion web el soolo sept: 23° 1788.

GROWING
61
A BOU T
HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo infundibuliforme margine elegantiſſime LXIX.
criſpato lobato fimbriato tenue albo ſemitranſparente, lamellis fimbriatus.
trifidis longiffimis angaſtifinis pellucidis, ftipite gracile breve.
FIMBRIATED
AGARIC.
ТА В.
LXI.
THE root conſiſts of a few fibres iſſuing from the bottom of
The ſtem is about an inch high, ſmooth, folid, tough, pel-
lucid, and of a duſky watery white colour.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, diſtinct, very long,
very narrow, very thin and delicate; the ſubſtance is pellucid,
tender, turning to a watery gelly, on being preſſed between
the fingers; the colour a greyiſh watery white.
The pileus at its firſt appearance is convex, afterwards be-
comes horizontal, and when at maturity funnel-ſhaped; the
margin at all times waved, lobed, curled, and undulated in the
moſt elegant manner; the ſurface is ſmooth as vellum, ſhines
a little, by means of a moiſture which is not glutinous, and is
of the ſame colour as the ſtem and gills; the ſubſtance is
thin, tender, and ſemitranſparent.
I have ſeen this plant in ſeveral ſhady moiſt woods about
Halifax. The ſpecimen here deſcribed, I gathered in Stump-
Wood, in Northowram, in Auguſt, 1787,
The ſubſtance and figure of this plant, diſtinguiſh it at once
from all its congeners.-I find no ſatisfactory account of it in
any author, fince STEERBECK, who in his Theater of Funguſes;
P. 119, calls it auricula leporis alba, and has given two figures
of it. Plate 15, B. B.
K

62
AN HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
LXX.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, lamellis ramofis decurrentibus,
Sp. Pl. 1639.
coantarellus.
CHANTARELLE
AGARIC.
T A B.
LXII.
THE
HE root conſiſts of numerous dark-coloured hard fibres,
by means whereof the plant is fixed pretty firmly to the
ground.
The ſtem is ſhort, in proportion to the ſize of the plant ;
it is firm, ſolid, elaſtic, often compreſſed or ſulcated, of a
golden colour without, and a pale yellow within; it is fibrous;
eaſily ſplitting in thin filaments,
The gills are like threads on the under ſurface of the
pileus; they are divided and ſubdivided, like nerves in often re-
peated ramifications, ſhooting ſmall lateral branches acroſs the
intervening ſpaces, eſpecially near the margin; their ſubſtance
ſeems to be the ſame with that of the pileus.
The pileus is of an irregular ſhape, lobed and curled in a
rude and aukward manner, often deficient on one ſide, and
variouſly diſtorted; the ſurface is ſmooth to the touch; the
fleſh tough, a little elaſtic, and tears in filaments of a pale
ſhining yellow.
The whole plant is of a fine gold colour, but in decay it
changes to a ſordid brown, and at laſt diſſolves. While
it is devoured by ſnails and other inſects with great greedineſs.
While young
It is in great eſteem, as an eſculent, in ſome countries,
but is never admitted at table here, though it ſometimes grows
in fufficient plenty

62.

Hos
GING

SN
20

65
51
A
A
boléon de laat seulp., 1988.

GROWING
63
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
LXXI.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo ſubcampanulato levi, lamellis
Nipitague violaceis. Hudſon Angl. 612, 8.
amethyſtinus.
A ME TH Y S T
A GA RI C.
T A B.
LXIII.
THE
'HE root is brown, roundiſh, thicker than the ſtem, and
furniſhed with a great number of grey dawny fibres, of a
mould-like ſubſtance.
The ſtem is fiſtular, brittle, often crooked or bent in various
directions, about the thickneſs of a gooſe quill, and is a little
ſwelled juſt under the pileus; while the plant is young it is of
a reddiſh purple, and covered with a bloomy dawn or powder,
afterwards changes to a ſordid brown, becomes twiſted and
ſometimes wrent; the height is four or five inches, and fre-
quently three or four roots are entangled together by their
fibres.
The gills are in three ſeries, irregularly waved on the edges,
groſs, brittle, and few; they are broadeſt at their baſe, where
they terminate in a claw, which is inſerted into the top of the
ſtem, but in the laſt ſtages of the plant, when the rim of the
pileus is elevated, the claw breaks, and the gills adhere to the
pileus only; they are purple, and covered like the ſtem with a
bloomy powder.
The pileus is deſtitute of fleſh, from one to two inches di-
ameter; at firſt convex, the rim contracted and waved, after-
wards becomes irregularly horizontal, at laſt the margin turns
up, becomes lacerated, changes from a purple to a browniſh
ſtraw colour, and at laſt falls and diſſolves in a brown turbid
gelly.
Grows plentifully in moiſt, ſteep, rocky woods, about
Halifax, and continues in ſucceſſion from Auguſt to Novem-
ber.
K 2

64
AN
HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
LXXII.
farinaceus.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo convexiufculo carneo fufco, lameliis
convexis diftantibus incarnatis pulverulentis, ftipite longo.
Hudſon Angl. 616, 26.
POW DE RED
AGARIC
Τ Α Β.
LXIV.
THE
HE root is compreſſed, irregular, a little thicker than the
ſtem; it is of a dark brown colour, hard, and firm,
emitting mouldy grey fibres.
The ſtem is crooked, ſmalleſt in the middle, fiſtular, with
a ſmall perforation, eafily ſplits in filaments, is of a ſordid
browniſh fleſh colour, and three or four inches high.
The gills in three ſeries, few, groſs, and brittle; the firſt
feries about twenty in number; they are crumpled or waved on
the edges, of a browniſh duſky fleſh colour, and, together with
the ftem, are covered with a mealy powder, of a pale greyiſh
fleſh colour.
The pileus is convex, when full grown an inch and half in
diameter, the rim gently waved; it is, like the other parts, of
a browniſh fleſh colour, but not powdered; the ſurface is foft,
and feels to the touch like fine woollen cloth wetted; the fub-
ſtance is thin, watery, and pellucid; the whole falls and rots,
of a dirty brown colour.
It is not a common plant here. The ſpecimen before me, I
gathered in Old-Lane-Wood, near Halifax; I have alſo ſeen it
in Woodhouſe-Wood, and in the plantations about Fixby-Hall.
In number and figure this plant very much reſembles the
A. amethyſtinus ; I can find no character of diſtinction between
them, except colour, and am therefore inclined to think, that
this is no more than a variety of it; but as ſeveral authors
have conſidered it as a diſtinct ſpecies, I have taken the liberty
to give it a place in this Hiftory.

64
.


OR

10
9

GROWING
65
A BOUT HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo pallido, diſco ſtellatini luteo, lamellis LXXIII,
ſulphureis. Sp. Pl. 1642, 13.
equeftris.
STARRY
AGARIC.
TAB.
LXV.
THE
HE root is hard, brown, and globular; furniſhed with a
multitude of brown capillary fibres; it ſuſtains one plant
only.
The ſtem is upright, ſmooth, cylindrical, fiſtular, and four
inches high; the ſubſtance thin, delicate, and eaſily ſplits in
ſender ſhining fibres or filaments; there is a fibrous or dawny
matter in the perforation; the colour is a pale duſky yellow.
The gills - regularly arranged in three ſeries, of a ſemioval
{hape, pointed at both extremities, and do not adhere to the
ſtem; they are numerous, thin, pliable, delicate, and of a pale
yellow with a tinge of green; fulphur coloured.
The pileus is at firſt of an oval ſhape, afterwards convex;
ſometimes the apex projecting in form of a blunt point; the
colour is a pale kind of yellowiſh, with a caſt of buff
, the apex
a little darker :--when the plant is young the pileus is ſleightly
glutinous, afterwards becomes dry and is ſmooth; in decay the
rim changes to a duſky hue, which hue gradually ſhoots to-
wards the middle in concentric points, forming the appear-
ance of a yellow ſtar, of ten or twelve rays, in the centre; at
laſt the whole becomes duſky, and falls and diſſolves, in about
the ſpace of two days from its firſt appearance.
Grows in meadows and paſture grounds about Halifax, in
July and Auguft.
This plant ſeems nearly related to the A. clypeatus, and may
poffibly be a variety of it.

66
AN
HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
LXXIV.
varius.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo conico obtuſo, colore vario cinorio
grifeo five nigro, lamellis trifidis ftipite filiforme.
VARIABLE
A GA RI C.
ТА В.
LXVI.
FIG
I.
THE
HE root conſiſts of an hard tubercle, the ſize of a rape-
ſeed; it is furniſhed with numerous ſhort fibres.
The ſtem is cylindrical, fiſtular, the thickneſs of a ſwal-
low's quill, white, but duſky near the root, and three or four
inches high.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, and run into a point
at the baſe; the firſt ſeries adhering to the top of the ſtem by a
ſmall claw.
The pileus is generally grey, but ſubject to great variety in
its colours, being ſometimes aſh coloured, duſky pale brown,
or of a full ſooty black.
Grows amongſt the graſs in paſture grounds, in October.
LXXV.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo conico acuto ruber-fuſco, lamellis
fubfuſcis baſi anguftis, ſtipite fiſtulofo.
cuſpidatus.
POINTED
AGARIC.
TAB.
LXVI.
FI G.
II.
THE root is a round hard tubercle, furniſhed with nu-
merous fibres.
The ſtem cylindrical, ſmooth, upright, hard, of a browniſh
hue, and four or five inches high; it is fiſtular, with a very
ſmall perforation, and eaſily ſplits in fine filaments.
The gills are in three ſeries, of a pale duſky brown, a thin
pliable ſubſtance, and pointed at the baſe.
The pileus is acutely cone-ſhaped, the rim even and entire,
the ſurface ſmooth, and filky to the touch; of a pretty reddiſh
brown, inclining to a cinnamon colour,
Grows in fallowed fields, where the weeds have been burnt,
in woods, or places where charcoal has lately been made.

66
Figy
Tregia

이
​0

UN

67
tout
192
J. B.

GROWING
67
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
LXXVI.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo convexo. pallide luteo, lamellis
trifidis numeroſis profundis ftipite folido fragile, velo fugaceo.
durus.
H A R D
A G A R I C.
TAB.
LXVII.
FIG. I.
THE
HE root conſiſts of a number of fibres iſſuing from the
hard comprefſed bottom of the ſtem.
The ſtem is round, ſolid, two inches high, and of a pale
whitiſh buff colour.
The curtain is very delicate and tender; it is white, and
breaks and vaniſhes in the infancy of the plant.
The gills are extremely numerous, deep, ſemioval, and re-
gularly arranged in three ſeries ; they are thin, and of a pale
greyiſh colour.
The pileus is convex, even, and ſmooth at the rim; the
ſurface ſmooth, of a pale duſky yellow, and feels like vellum ;
the ſubſtance of the whole plant very hard and brittle,
LXXVII.
AGARICUS Jipitatus, pileo convexo viſcida aurentio, lamellis
luteis, ſtipite nudo. Lightfoot, Scot. 1025.
aurentius.
CHERRY
A GA RI C.
T A B.
LXVII.
FI G.
II.
THE
HE root is hard, compreſſed, of a browniſh colour, and
furniſhed with a few fibres.
The ſtem often compreſſed and crooked ; it is hollow, of a
thin ſubſtance, eaſily ſplitting, of a pale yellow within, and a
golden or orange colour on the outſide.
The gills are in three ſeries, remote, of a tender ſubſtance,
terminating in a narrow point at the baſe, and varying in colour
from a pale yellow to an high orange.
The pileus irregularly cone-ſhaped or convex, of a brittle
ſubſtance, glutinous, and when young of a full bright cherry
colour, turning pale as it advances in age.
Grows in dry and barren paſtures, frequent, about Halifax,

68
AN HISTORY
OF
A GARICS,
LXXVIII. AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo ſubconico pallide-ſtavo margine
lacerato, lamellis trifidis latiſſimis baſi anguſtis, ſtipite fiſtuloſa
laceratus.
contorto.
R E N T
A G A RIC.
Τ Α Β.
LXVIII.
THE
'HE root, as in moſt others, conſiſts of a tuft of ſlender
ſoft fibres, iſſuing from the bottom of the ſtem.
The ſtem is as thick as one's little finger, of a pale clay
colour; the ſubſtance is thin, and readily ſplits in ſlender fibres ;
it is often compreſſed, ſulcated, or twiſted, and is three or four
inches high.
The gills are irregularly arranged, ſometimes there are three
ſeries, ſometimes only two; they are extremely broad towards
the external extremity, and run out into a narrow point at the
baſe; they are a little waved at the edges, of a tender ſoft ſub-
ſtance, and a pale, greeniſh, yellow hue, or primroſe colour;
preſſed between the fingers they turn to a flippery gelly, of no
unpleaſant ſmell.
The pileus is obtuſely cone-ſhaped; the ſurface a pale
yellow, dry, ſmooth, ſilky, and ſhining; when at maturity it
ſplits or lacerates, the rents reaching almoſt to the centre,
the diviſions riſing up at the rim, and abiding for ſome days in
an horizontal poſition; it is deſtitute of fleſh, and diſſolves in
decay.
Grows on dry banks and in barren paſtures about Halifax,
but rarely.
Though this plant is ſometimes deficient in the third feries
of gills, it will nevertheleſs arrange with thoſe of three ſeries,
becauſe it is found with three more frequently than with only
two; every ſpecimen having more or fewer of a third ſeries in
it, and ſometimes all three compleat.

68
Drawn and Exched from Nature Anno Domin 1988. 9:.

OF
Hier

C
are

69
7:Bolton Jobs et sculp 1788
Halito

GROWING
69
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
LXXIX.
AGARICUS ſtipitatus, pileo convexo acuminato grifeo, lamellis
convexis griſeis crenatis ftipite nudo. Sp. Pl. 1642, 15,
mammofus.
B R E A S T
A GA RI C.
T A B.
LXIX.
HE root conſiſts of black hard fibres, iſſuing from the ob-
tuſe baſe of the ſtem; it is folitary, and ſuſtains one plant
only.
The ſtem is upright, round, hard, firm, and ſolid; of a grey
brown above, paler near the root; half an inch in diameter,
and four or five inches high; the ſubſtance within is white,
and eaſily ſplits in fine ſlender filaments.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries, very broad, of a pel-
lucid ſubſtance, and a pale duſky grey, with a tinge of fleſh
colour : their figure approaches to a ſemicircle, the baſe not
touching the ſtem; they are waved on the edges near the ex-
tremity; near the baſe they are crenated. In the ſpecimen before
me, there is one manifeſt dent or tooth towards the baſe, in
thoſe of the firſt ſeries; in thoſe of the ſecond and third no
dent or tooth, but only a gentle waving.
3
The Pileus is convex, terminating in a nipple-like beak or
point at top; the colour is conſtantly of a duſky grey, with a
tinge of reddiſh brown; and the ſurface looks and feels like
fine woollen cloth: it is about three inches diameter in a full
grown plant, and is deſtitute of fleſh, except juſt under the
beaked top where the ſtem is inſerted; it diſſolves in decay.
This ſpecimen grew in Bracken-Bed-Wood, near Halifax,
September 1, 1787.
L
L

70
AN
HISTORY
OF
AGARICS,
LXXX. AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo globofo caftaneo, margine lobata in-
curvo, lamellis trifidis undulatis, ftipite gracile albo fiftulofo.
2mceks.
HASLE-NUT
AGARIC.
Τ' Α Β.
LXX.
THE
HE root is an hard tubercle, furniſhed with fibres of a
mouldy grey colour.
The ſtem is upright, fiſtular, of a pale dead white, and
about the thickneſs of a crow's quill near the root, growing
gradually ſmaller upwards; the height is about four inches;
the fubftance thin, tender, and eaſily ſplitting in ſmall ſhining
filaments.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries ; they are broad and
thin, gently waved on the edges, and touch not the ſtem with
their baſe; the ſubſtance is thin and delicate, and the colour a
pale pretty brown.
The pileus the fize and colour of a Spaniſh hafle-nut; the
top umbilicated, the margin lobed and very much rolled in, ſo
as to touch the ſtem, or even to paſs by it; the oppoſite lobes
prefſing againſt, or lying over each other. It is deſtitute of
fleſh, of a dry pliable ſubſtance, and a ſmooth, dry, filky,
ſhining ſurface.
This ſpecies came up in abundance, amongſt the young fir
trees in the new plantation near Mount Pellon, in October,
1787; I have ſeen it in other places, in dry and barren ſoils,
amongſt heath and furze buſhes.

70

OF
AINO

ان کا
راز
UNI

71
IP
Treget
Ing.L.
Drann from Nature año etched by fello, at ellanoary, 1788

GROWING
71
ABOUT HALIFAX.
AGARICUS ftipitatus, pileo campanulato obtuſo fuſco flaviſcente, lamellis LXXXI.
atro-griſeis, ſtipite fiſtulofo griſeo villoſo. Hudſon Angl. 619, 36. aquofus.
WATERY
AGARI C.
T A B.
LXXI.
FI G.
I.
HE whole plant, while young, is wrapped up in a ſoft dawny
which breaks and falls off, when the ſpecimen has ac-
quired about half its height; it firſt vaniſhes on the pileus, abiding
longer on the ftem, to which it gives a woolly appearance.
The ſtem is an inch high, fiſtular, and of a duſky white.
The gills are in three ſeries, white at firſt, and turning brown in
decay.
The pileus is glutinous, bell-ſhaped, of a pale duſky yellow, and
ſmooth ſurface; the whole plant is of a tender, watery, pellucid, ſub-
ſtance.
In 1784, ſpecimens of this plant, in an advanced ſtate, were
brought me, growing on purrid wood, found under the ſprinklings of
the ſtream of Elm-Cragg-Well, at Bell-Bank, near Bingley; and I ſaw it
in the ſame place, in all its ſtates, in April, 1788.
Agarics, halved, not ſupported on a central ſtem.
LXXXII.
lateralis.
AGARICUS ſubſtipitatus, pileo albido levi, lamellis ſubfimplicibus
pallidis ſtipite laterali. Hudſon ingl. 624, 51.
L A T E R A L A G A RIC.
T A B.
LXXI.
FI G.
II.
T'
HIS plant adheres ſometimes by the ſide of the pileus, ſometimes
by a ſhort lateral foot-ſtalk to decaying branches and trunks of
trees.
The pileus is convex, ſmooth, and of a pale duſky buff colour ;
the ſize is from one to two inches diameter ; the ſubſtance tough and
elaſtic.
The gills in young plants ſimple, in thoſe of older growth bifid;
they are numerous, tough, and of a pale browniſh buff colour.
The figure on plate 71, is an exact repreſentation of the plant, as
ic
grew on the decaying ſtock of an elm tree, in Auguft, 1779.
L2

72
AN
HISTORY OF
AGARICS,
LXXXIII.
betulinus.
AGARICUS acaulis coriaceis villoſus margine obtufo, lamellis
ramoſis anaſtomoſantibus. Sp. Pl. 1645.
BIRCH
AGARIC.
T A B.
LXXII.
FIG.
I.
THIS adheres to putrid wood, ſometimes by one fide of the .
pileus, but more frequently by a ſhort lateral foot-ſtalk,
which gradually expands into the ſubſtance of the pileus. It
grows folitary, or in imbricated cluſters.
The pileus circular, but deficient on the radical fide; it is
ſhaped juſt like a leaf of the Soldonella alpina; the ſurface
covered with a buff-coloured cottony dawn; the margin blunt,
and rolled in.
The gills very numerous, thin, and narrow; divided and
ſubdivided, in numerous fine and almoſt imperceptible branches.
In old fpecimens, the margin ſometimes becomes lobed and
gaſhed, and the colour changes to a duſky brown.
It is of a tough elaſtic ſubſtance, and abides the year
round.---Grows in Woodhouſe-Wood, &c.
LXXXIV. AGARICUS acaulis parvis niveis, lamellis fimplicibus.- Amanita
Sefilis, minimus albus. Hall. Hift. 2335.
Alabellatus.
WHITE
FAN
A GARIC.
ТА В.
LXXII.
FIG.
II.
TH
HIS adheres by a claw, like the beak of a bevalve ſhell, to
the ſtalks of withered plants, or the blades of graſs in
moiſt and putrid ſituations ;- the upper ſurface is convex at firſt,
and when magnified appears dawny; when full grown becomes
nearly flat and fan-ſhaped.
The gills are few, remote, and ſimple. The whole plant
is white, and of a tender, watery, pellucid ſubſtance.
The ſpecimens here deſcribed and figured, I gathered in
Kebroyd-Wood, in Soyland, near the Brook, in September, 1777;
and have ſince ſeen it in ſeveral like places.

772
Fig. 1
Fig.2
Fig. 3
I. B. del. et sch

OF
1

IND

75
WA
о e
a
a
to
Frann from Naturel etched by fBolon August 16. 1700
1788.
at Stannar

GROWING
73
ABOUT
HALIFAX.
LXXXV.
AGARICUS acaulis erectus planus, lamellis trifidis lanceolatis.
F L A T A G A R I C.
planus.
ТА В.
LXXII.
FIG.
III.
THIS
HIS is of a ſemicircular figure, the margin waved, the ſur-
face ſmooth, of a browniſh mouſe colour, and marked
near the edge with three or four narrow concentric lines, of a
darker colour.
The gills are arranged in three ſeries; they are thin, pliable,
lance-ſhaped, and the ſame colour as the pileus. The ſubſtance
is ſoft and tender.
Of this plant I found many ſpecimens, growing erect on
the ground, in a ſteep field by the footway leading from Elland
to Mills-Bridge, in October, 1787.
AGARICUS acaulis, lamellis labyrinthiformibus. Sp. Pl. 1648. LXXXVI.
quercinus.
Ο Α Κ A GA RI C.
T A B.
LXXIII.
THI
HIS plant in the firſt ſtages of growth is of a circular figure,
,
a.b. growing flat, with the gills upwards; the gills at this
time are diſtinct and branched, their fides united by ſmall lateral
projections, which are hardly viſible to the naked eye: as it ad-
vances in growth a part of the ſide which has adhered to the
wood, and is hairy, c. gradually ſeparates from it, and takes
an horizontal poſition; after this the horizontal part con-
tinues to grow and increaſe, d. the other part ſerving it as a
baſe: in proceſs of time, the ſmall lateral projections increaſe in
growth, ſo as to be equal with the gills in height and ſubſtance,
thereby Alling up the interſtices, and transforming the gills
into oblong pores. It varies greatly in ſize, from three to ten
or twelve inches diameter, is perennial, of a woody nature, and
a browniſh cork colour; when old the ſurface becomes ſmooth,
as at e. and the concentric circles more eminent.
This plant makes the link by which the Agarici and Boleti
are naturally united; and may with equal propriety be eſteemed
the laſt of the one, or the firſt of the other.
END OF
THE
A GARICS.


N O M IN A
TRIVI A L I A
A GA RI CI.
Plate
E
P
Table
A
51
55
60
9
Plate
65
4
28
A
Tro-Rufus
Adſcendens
Acris
Amethyſtinus
Aurentius
Aquofus
Androſaceus
Annulatus
Equeſtris
Eburneus
Elephantinus
Extinctorius
Elaſticus
41
37
33
30
63
24
16
Purpureus
Procerus
Plumoſus
Politus
Piperatus
Pullatus
Pompatus
Pulvinatus
Peronatus
Planus
21
67
71
32
23
20
5
49
B
29
4.4
35
56
61
58
72
Betulinus
72
С
Quercinus
73
62
72
R
-11-11-ci ili
34
13
Radiatus
Rigidus
Rubeus
Repandus
39
43
Faſcicularis
Fimetarius
Fiffus
Fulvus
Fimbriatus
Farinaceus
Flabellatus
I
Infundibuliformis
Irregularis
Integer
L
Luteus
Laceratus
Lateralis
Luteo-albus
Luridus
Laricinus
Lactifluus
36
1
6
Chantarellus
Campeftris
Croceus
Ciliaris
Clypiatus
Cuſpidatus
Ceſpitofus
Clavus
Candidus
Campanulatus
Cinnamoneus
Confertis
Concinneus
Cæruleus
Caftaneus
Cornucopioides
Criftatus
S
45
51
53
57
66
41
39
39
31
33
18
50
68
s $55884892385up87
Serratus
Striatus
Sordidus
14
54
59
70
38
T
25
19
3
2
Tortilis
Trilobus
41
15
38
12
Latus
TL
M
10
8
42
47
7
40
27
D
Mollis
Muſcarius
Membranaceus
Mammofus
N
Il
V
Villoſus
Verrucofus
Vernalis
Violaceus
Varius
U
Umbelliferous
Umbilicatus
52
Durus
62
67
26
Domeſticus
Delicioſus
Denticulatus
9
4
Nobilis
Nuceus
46
39
17
70

ENGLISH
N A M E S
то
THE
A G A
R I C
S.
A
Plate
R
Plate
Methyſt
1
63
A
Plate
56
61
72
Ringed
Rigid
Rent
23
43
68
S
31
32
29
12
30
60
B
Bell
Black-Stalked
Bundled
Blue
Broad
Brown-Red
Breaſt
Birch
-
lu
2
67
26
35
14
42
6
51
69
72
Soft
Splitting
Serrated
Shaggy
Spreading
Saffron
Striated
Shield
Spatterdaſhed
Sordid
Starred
51
54
57
4542695395
4
13
С
Polun!
.
Fulvous
Fimbriated
Fan
G
Green-Poliſhed
Grey-Pepper
H
Hard
Houſe
I
Ivory
Irregular
L
Larch
Lateral
M
Milky
Mourner
Membraneous
Muſhroom
N
Navel
Neat
Noble
Nut
0
41
22
18
58
59
19
71
JO
8.
T
7
62
3
20
Tooth-Gill'd
Tall
Trilobate
Turf
II
4
37
38
41
49
55
45
67
U
T!
17
Umbrella
35
1
Crumpled
Cinnamon
Cluſtered
Cheſnut
Cornucopia
Creſted
Chantarelle
Cuſhion
Curved
Cherry
D
Dark-Red
Е.
Egg
Elephant
Extinguiſher
Elaſtic
Equal-Gilla
Eyelaſhed
F
Feathered
Fly
Foul
Funnel-Shaped
36
!!
V
Troll
15
4.6
70
Violet
Variable
52
66
4-4
28
W
Orange
Oak
24
16
9
73
li illi ili
P
I
39
39
47
53
4.1
39
Wheel
White
Warty
White-Bulbous
Watery
Y
21
48
73
Purple
Pin
Pepper
Pompous
Powdered
Pointed
Plain
lilli
33
27
25
34
5
64
66
Yellow and White
Yellow
38
72

(
XXV)
AN
Efſay towards
a
Methodical Arrangement
0 F
A
G A
R I C
S,
W Ι Τ Η
References to the Synonyma, or Figures of Authors.
Such as are ſupported on a central ftem (ſtipe), and have the gills
(foldlets) branchy.
Trivial Name. Plate.
Chantarelle - 62.
Infundibu-7
liformis - } 34.
I ILLS fquat, decurrent ; ſtem folid, plant gold co-
Jloured. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1639. Hudſon Angl
. 609.
Gills ſquat, grey; ſtem trumpeted, plant mouſe colour-
ed. Bulliard, P. 208. Ray 19. Schof 243, 212.
Gills raiſed, ſtem ſwollen, pileus (hat) funneled, plant
white, brittle, milky. Sp. Pl. 1641. Hudſon 613,
Schaf. 97. Haller 2339. Battarra, T. 17. A.
Piperatus - 21.
Such as have the gills in a fingle ſeries.
1.
Integer
Plant white, or tinted with bright colours. Sp. Pl.
1640. Hudſon 60. Hall. Hift. 2373.
Trilobus - - 38. Hat cheſnut coloured, gills broad outwardly, radical
volva large, abiding.
Confertis - 18. Small, conical, white, growing in numerous cluſters.
Hall. Hift. 2345
Pullatus
Stem tall, white, fiſtular; hat at firſt grey, with a dawny
covering, afterwards black, plaited, diſſolving; root:
tapering. Bulliard 88. Scop. 1483. Schaf. T. 100.
d
20.

xxvi
ARRANGEMENT
OF
AGARICS,
Trivial Name.
Plate.
Extinctorius 24. Plant white, hat extinguiſher-ſhaped, apex blunt, no
curtain. Sp. Pl. 1643. Hudſon 617. Hallar 2342.
Battarra, T. 27. H.
Luridus 25. Hat ſmooth, glutinous; gills blue grey, ſtem ſolid. I
find no apt ſynonyma.
Domefticus - 26. Stem white, fiſtular in bundles ; pileus brown, at firſt
having a dawny covering, which abides in fragments.
Schæf. T. 17.
Fimetarius - 44. Hat pyramidal, white, with growing ſcales; root
bulbous, curtain vaniſhing.
Striatus 54. Hat brown, oval, ſtrongly ſtriated; apex ſmooth, gills
black, curtain vaniſhing. Vaill. Paris, T. 12. F. 10,
II. Schæf. Fung. T. 67, 68. Hudſon, 617.
Luteus 50. Wholly yellow, ſtems bundled, tapering; curtain
vaniſhing, annulus abiding, hat cottony, rim lobed.
I find no agreeable ſynonyma.
Radiatus - - 39. Small ſize, hat firſt conical, brown, afterwards flat,
black, wheel-ſhaped, with rays. Hudſon, 621. I be-
lieve this plant to be what he intends by his A. te-
nellus; but his ſynonyma from Pluk. Ph. and Ray
Syn. do not belong to it, for they evidently deſcribe
a mucor.
90
Clavus
39.
Small ſize, hard, opaque, pileus orange coloured.
Hudſon 622.
Umbelliferus 39. Small, brittle, glutinous, water coloured, baſe dawny. .
Such as have the gills diſpoſed in two ſeries.
Laricinus 19. Stems thick, white, united; pileus fmall, cuſhioned,
annulus dawny, curtain tough. Schef. T. 25, or
T. 74. Battarra Fung. T. 11. B, C, E, F. Hallar
Hift. 2445.
Politus 30. Pileus convex, gloffy, green; curtain lacerating, gills
ruſt coloured. Curtis T. 309. Schæf. T.1. Hall.
Hift. 2444. Ray P. 6. No.30. Steerbeck T. 20. G.
Rigidus - - 43. Pileus dark brown, rim rolled in, wrent, gills groſs,
brittle, few; ſtem tall, middle ſwelling. Schæf. T. 87.
Campanulatus

ARRANGEMENT OF
xxvii
AGARICS.
Trivial Name.
Plate.
Campanu- ]
} 31.
Pileus belled, plaited, ſtriped; margin tufted, ſtem tall,
curtain Vaniſhing. Sp. Pl. 1643. Hudſon, 618.
Mich. Gen. T. 75. F. 6.
Androfaceus 32. Small fize, ſtem tall, hard, black, ſhining, briſtle-
like. Sp. Pl. 1644. Hudſon, 641. Ray Syn. 9.
Hall. Hift. 2351.
Candidus - - 39. Pileus convex, ſubſtance dry, tough, abiding, on rotten
ſticks, ſmall fize. Hudſon, 620. Ray Syn. T. 1.
Hall. Hift. 3348. Mich. Gen. T.74. F. 7.
Eburneus 4. Small ſize, pileus flat, whole plant white, tender,
pellucid, periſhing on the ground. Vaill. Paris,
T. 11. F. 22.
F. 2.
Such as have the gills arranged in three ſeries; having a volva
on the root, and a curtain on the ſtem.
Muſcarius - 27. Large fize, ſtem tall, root furrounded by a lacerating
periſhing volva, ſtem by an abiding curtain; colour
of the pileus variable. Sp. Pl. 1640. Though the
gills in this ſpecies are frequently in two ſeries only,
yet as I have ſeveral times ſeen them irregularly in-
terſperſed with thoſe of a third, it will more pro-
perly arrange with thoſe of three ſeries.
Nobilis 46. Pileus a bright full Scarlet, with a ſnow-white lace-
rating epidermis or volva, peculiar to itſelf, and
diſtinct from that of the root.
Steerbeck, 215,
T. 22. F. C.
Verrucoſus - 47. Pileus mouſe coloured, with wart-like tubercles grow-
ing thereon Hudſon, 613. Schaf. T.91. Mich.
Gen. T. 78. F. 2.
Vernalis - - 48. Plant wholly white, pileus globular, glutinous, fhin-
ing; root globular. Bulliard, P. 108. Schæf. 241.
fed non viſcojus. Hall. Hift. 2353.
Such as have a radical abiding volva, but no curtain.
Pulvinatus - 49. Pileus fmooth, mouſe grey; margin ſtriated, ſecond
and third ſeries of gills cut off at the baſe, by a
right line obliquely.
d 2
Such

Xxviii
ARRANGEMENT
OF
AGARICS.
Such as are deftitute of a radical volva, and furniſhed with a
curtain on the ſtem.
Plate.
Trivial Name.
Annulatus
10.
23. Pileus bell’d, imbricated with growing ſcales ; curtain
abiding, root bulbed. Hall. Hift. 2371. Steerbeck,
77. T.7. F. A. Ray Syn. 4. Ag. procerus, Hud-
fon, 612.
Criſtatus -
7. Pileus brittle, lacerating, tufts on the ſurface, ſmall,
upright, growing, curtain vaniſhing.
Villoſus 42. Pileus covered with an hard fox-coloured ſhag, ſtem
naked, aſcending; annulus thick, dawny, abiding;
curtain vaniſhing
Ponpatus 5. Orange coloured, root folitary, ſtem folid, increaſing
upwards; fleſh thick, brittle; curtain lacerating.
I find no ſatisfactory account of this ſpecies.
Caſtaneus
Stem white, fiſtular ; pileus cheſtnut coloured, curtain
white, lacerating:-I find no apt ſynonyma.
Irregularis - 13 Root folitary, pileus diſtorted, brown grey, centre
beaked; gills broad, ftem fiſtular, curtain grey,
vaniſhing. Bulliard, T. 268.
Elaſticus - - 16. Grows in bundles, ftem tapering upwards, curtain
abiding, plant dry, elaſtic, ſnuff-coloured. Ray
Syn. 5. No. 23. Hall. Hift. No. 2432. Scopoli, 1468.
Durus 67. Pileus cuſhioned or convex, buff-grey; gills very nu-
merous, broad, thin, and grey; ſtem ſolid, ſhort,
brittle.
Faſcicularis 29. Grows in bundles, ftem fiftular, cylindrical; hat yel-
low, fleſhleſs ; curtain foon vaniſhing. Flo. Dan.
T. 890. Schæf. T. 49. F.), 3. Bulliard, 178.
Hudſon, 615. Ray, P. 9. No. 50. Steerbeck, T. 25. F.
Campeſtris - 45. Pileus Aeſhy, convex, white, changing brown; gills
firſt roſe-coloured, changing brown-ſpeckled ; ftem
folid, curtain thick, white, dawny, vaniſhing. Sp.
Pl. 1641. Hudſon, 610. Schaf. T. 33. Hall.
Hiſt. 2443.
Violaceus
52. Pileus with much fleſh, violet-coloured, curtain ruſt-
coloured, vaniſhing, a ruſt-coloured dawn near the
root. Sp. Pl. 1641. Hudſon, 611. Hall. Hift. 2455.
Ciliaris

ARRANGEMENT
xxix
OF
AGARICS.
Plate.
Trivial Name.
Ciliaris
53. Pileus pale, ſemioval, rim extended, ciliated; gills
grey, baſe pointed, third ſeries ſometimes wanting,
ſtem white, fiſtular; baſe bulbed, curtain for a little
while pendulous, foon vaniſhing. Is it the A.
Separatus, of Linnæus ?
57
Pileus convex, beaked, dark mouſe colour; firſt gills
broad at the baſe, and growing to the ſtem; ſtem tall,
Nender, mouſe coloured ; curtain foon vaniſhing.
Clypeatus
Such as have no volva on the root, or curtain on the stem.
2.
Aquofus - - 71. Small ſize, whole plant at firſt ſurrounded with a white
dawny covering, afterwards gelatinous, pellucid,
watery; gills not touching the ſtem. Hudſon, 691.
Vaill. Paris, 1. 12. Fig. 56.
Plumoſus - - 33. Pileus and ſtem wholly covered with little plumy,
growing, mouſe-coloured tufts. I find no account
of this plant.
Croceus
- 51. Pileus, and lower part of the ftem, covered with a
cloſe, yellow, dawny pile; upper part of the ſtem
ſmooth, gills white.
Latus
Pileus large, broad, fieſhy, dark mouſe colour; gills
very broad, not touching the ſtem ; ftem folid.
Lattifluus 3. Gills narrow, baſe broad, growing to the ſtem ; ſub-
ſtance hard, whole plant a cinnamon-grey, yields a
white mild milk. Hudſon, 614. No. 14.
Denticulatus 4. Pileus purple, pellucid; ſtem grey, gills thin, pliable,
brown dents on the edges. I find no account of
this plant.
Repandus 6. Pileus flat, broad, pale; gills lanced, baſe lopped, ſtem
fiſtular, twiſted, white, ſplitting
Cornucopi- Stem hard, twiſted, in bundles, moſt decurrent; pileus
8.
oides
lobed, tough, red brown.
Delicious 9. Scarlet or orange-coloured, pileus flat, rim inflected,
yields a yellow milk, of a mild taſte. Hudſon, 613.
-}
No. 13
Membrana-]
II.
Pileus convex, gills broad, ftem fiſtular, whole plant
white, dry, light, flexible, papery.
5
Cæruleus

XXX
ARRANGEMENT
OF
A GARICS.
Plate.
Trivial Name.
Cæruleus - -
12.
Pileus cuſhioned, greeniſh blue, clothy; gills white,
brittle; ftem white, ſolid. Viridis, Hudſon 614.
Hallar Hift. 2444. Sterbeeck, T. 5. Fig. C.
Serratis - - 14. Pileus ſtrong, full purple, fleſhy, clothy, brittle; gills
gold-coloured, ſerrated; ftem gold-coloured, ſolid,
brittle large. I find no account of this ſpecies.
Concineus - 15. Pileus mouſe-coloured, glutinous; gills numerous,
broad, very white; ſtem fiſtular, white. Schæf.
T. 14. Hallar Hift. 2381.
Umbilicatus 17. Whole plant tough, elaſtic, white; pileus umbilicated,
gills few, narrow; ſtem ſmall, ſolid. Schaf. T.
39.
Cinnamoneus 22. Pileus undulated, centre beaked, gills broad, ſtem in-
creaſing upwards, folid; whole of a cinnamon co-
lour. Hallar Hift. 2416.
Elephantinus 28. Pileus convex, glutinous, pale; gills grofs, wax-like,
brittle ; ftem big, ſoft, fpongy, fnow white; whole
plant in decay changes colour, becomes hard, dry,
charcoal-like. I find no deſcription or figure agree-
ing with this plant.
Fiſus - - - 35. Pileus olive-coloured, dry; apex brown, rim ftriated,
ſtem tall, ſtriped, fiſtular, cleaving. I find no ac-
count of this ſpecies.
Rubeus 36. Whole plant dark red crimſon, ſtem tall, hard; baſe
thick, gills numerous, tranſparent, beautiful. No
true deſcription or figure of this ſpecies.
Tenuis 37. Dead white, pellucid, diſſolving; ſtem brittle, dạwny
at baſe, very tall, very flender. Bulliard, T.
Mollis 40. Pileus convex, fleſhy, pale; gills narrow, decurrent; ſtem
foft, white, ſolid, bulbed; fleſh ſoft, dry, fpongy.
Tortilis |- 41. Very ſmall, in cluſters, brittle, hat red-brown, diſtort-
ed; gills few, broad, fleſh-coloured. A. frigilis
Hudſon, 620. Schæf. T. 230.
Purpureus 41. Pileus and upper part of the ſtem violet-coloured,
lower part and gills white; ſmall fize. No account
of this.
Ceſpitoſus 41. Small, pellucid, horn-coloured, pileus diſtorted, rim
dented, gills few, crumpled; in cluſters. Vaill.
Paris, 7.11. F.11.
Atro

ARRANGEMENT
xxxi
OF
AGARICS.
Trivial Name.
Plate.
Atro-rufus 51. Small ſize, dark brown, dry, tough, ftem very flender,
very tall. Schæf. 234. Ray Syn. P. 8. No. 41.
Gled. Fung. P. 127. No. 25. Var H.
Adfcendens 55. Stem aſcending, plant duſky brown, hard, dry; gills
decurrent, pileus convex, margin contracted, a vel-
vety ſtripe round its lateral extremity. Is it a variety
of A. lactifluus?
Fulvus 56. Pileus fulvous-coloured, hard, freſh, brittle; ſtem folid,
hard, brittle ; baſe pointed. No account of this.
Peronatus 58. Pileus thin, rim waved, lower part of the ſtem covered
with a tall, yellow dawn. I find no account of this
plant.
Sordidus 59. Pileus funneled, ſordid brown; ſtem folid, gills diſtinct,
whole fubftance tough, abiding. Dickſon Crypt.
P. 16. T. 3. F. 1. Ray Syn. P. 6. No. 27.
Acris -- 60. Pileus grey-buff, ſhape variable; ſtem increaſing up-
wards, grey; gills diſtinct, yields a white milk, of
an hot acrid taſte.
Fimbratus - 61. Pileus funnel-ſhaped, margin lobed, undulated, curled,
crenated, elegant; gills narrow, diſtinct; ſtem ſhort,
whole plant pale, pellucid, thin, watery. Sterbeeck,
T. 15. B.
Mammofus - 65. Pileus grey, brittle, highly beaked; gills waved and
crenated; ſtem tall, grey, ſolid. Sp. Pl. 1642.
Hudſon, 619.
Amethyſtnus 63. Plant an amethyſt purple, pileus, diſtorted, fleſhleſs ;
ſtem tall, crooked; gills few, brittle, waved, diſtorted;
theſe and ſtem, bloom powdered. Hudſon, 612.
Farinaceus - 64. Pileus convex, diſtorted, pellucid; gills few, groſs,
waved ; ſtem crooked, tall; whole ſubſtance pellucid,
watery, of a pale brown carnation colour, powdered
with a pale bloom. Hudſon, 616. Scopoly, 1530.
Hall. Hift. 2436.
Equeftris - 65. Pileus convex, ſtarred; rim acute, gills ſulphur-
coloured, ſtem thin, fiſtular, ſmooth, pale, yellow,
Hudſon, 616. Sp. Pl. 1643.
Varius . 66. Pileus ſemioval, brown, grey, or black, varying; gills
deep grey, ſtem fiſtular, filiform, tall, white.
Cuſpidatus

Xxxii
ARRANGEMENT OF
AGARICS.
Trivial Name.
Plate.
Guſpidatus - 66. Pileus acutely cone-ſhaped, red brown, ſmooth; ſtem
ſmooth, tall, red-brown; gills pale, buff.
Aurentius - 67. Pileus cherry-coloured, glutinous; gills few, broad;
baſe pointed, yellow; ſtem diſtorted, yellow; whole
plant extremely fragile. Lighfoot, Scot, 1035.
Laceratus - 68. Whole plant pale yellow, very brittle ; pileus lace-
rating, gills very few, very broad outwardly; baſe
pointed, ftem fiftular, twiſted, ſplitting.
Nuceus - • 70. Pileus globular, nut-brown, filky, top naveled; rim
lobed, much rolled in; ſtem tall, white, fiſtular,
tapering upwards.
Such as are not ſupported on a central stem.
Lateralis - 71. Pileus convex, ſmooth, duſky yellow; gills in two
ſeries, on rotten wood. Hudſon, 624. Ray Syn.
25. Hall. Hift. 2337.
Betulinus - 72. Pileus dawny, margin rolled in, gills branched, ſub-
ſtance elaſtic, grows in cluſters or ſingle, perennial.
Sp. Pl. 1645. Hudſon 623. Ray Syn. 24. Hall.
Hift. 2331.
Planus 72. Flat, mouſe-coloured, growing on the ground, ſurface
ſmooth, gills in three ſeries, diſtinct. Hall. Hift.
2334
Flabellatus Small, white, fan-ſhaped; gills few, fimple, on putrid
plants. Hall. Hift. 2335.
Quercinus - 73. Hard, woody, large, brown, perennial, at firſt gill'd, at
laſt pored, on the under fide. Bulliard, 352. Bat-
tarra, T. 38. G.

A N
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES,
GROWING about
HALIFAX.
G EN U S
II.
B O L E ETUS.
M

74
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES.
LXXXVII. BOLETUS acaulis lignofus, poris obliquis roftratis inæqualibus
obliquus. bahi adhæhus.-Agaricus acaulis coriaceus, lamellis fimplicibus
finuatis. Hudſon, 623. Agaricus coriaceus longiffimus pec-
tinatim inferne diviſus. Ray Syn. P. 25, No. 26. T. 1.
F. 5.
OBLIQUE
BOL E T U S.
T AB.
LXXIV.
THIS
HIS confifts of a vaſt number of oblique unequal pores,
which run together at their baſe, and form an hard, woody,
or coriaceus cruſt, which ſtrongly adheres, by its whole breadth,
to the branches of trees, when fallen, or in a ſtate of decay;
it inſinuates itſelf into the ſubſtance of the dead bark, ſo as to
become inſeparably united therewith, as is ſeen in the upper figure
at a. ſometimes when old it paſſes quite through the bark, in-
corporating it into its own ſubſtance, and even enters into the
wood.
It
grows
in patches various in ſize and figure,, ſometimes
round or oval, but more frequently of no determinate ſhape.
The tubes round the margin are ſmaller, and of a darker colour ;
they are obliquely placed, and moſt commonly rent, broken, or
deficient on one ſide; they generally increaſe in length, from
the margin to the centre of the plant. The colour varies from
white, by way of buff, to browns of various hues, and be-
comes almoſt black in decay. A ſmall part of the plant, as it
appeared when a little magnified, is ſeen at c.
Grows in many woods about Halifax, and is perennial and
abiding.

74
on Nature
Ka uno by Solbr af efternamy near
Halla x A.M.

Nos


75
Samer Bolton del. et Sculbeat Stannay.. March 20" Diyo
.
1788

GENUS
75
II.
BOLETUS.
tenax.
BOLETUS acaulis ſuberoſus imbricatus flavus lævis, poris LXXXVIII.
minutis teritibus. Lightfoot Scot. P. 1031.-Boletus
acaulis coriaceus convexus lobatus flavus lavis, poris tenuif-
fimis. Hudſon Angl. 625. Schoeffer Fung. 131. .
TOUGH
BOLETUS.
T A B.
LXXV.
T HIS grows horizontally, on the ſides of trees, moſt com-
monly on living wood, in ſome cavity occaſioned by the
lopping of a branch, or ſome other accident; it firſt appears
like a large unequal tumour, of mixed colours ; as it advances
in growth, it begins to unfold and diſplay a number of thick
hough lobes, which are imbricated, or rather folded one within
another; for they are nearly of equal length, and adhere at
the baſe, ſo as to be united into one ſubſtance.
The upper ſurface is convex, ſoft and ſmooth to the touch,
and of a browniſh gold colour; ſometimes pale, ſometimes of
a redder hue : on the underſide the lobes are convex near the
baſe, but Alat near the extremity. The ſubſtance is tough and
coriaceus, while in a growing ſtate ; left on the tree, it diſſolves
in decay; dried, it becomes light, hard, and brittle.
The tubes are cylindrical, very numerous, and of a yellow
colour.
It is a rare plant in this neighbourhood; the ſpecimen here
figured and deſcribed, grew in a little wood at Shibden-Hall,
near Halifax, in Auguſt, 1786.
M 2

76
AN
HISTORY
0E
FUNGUSSES.
LXXXIX.
BOLETUS acaulis lobatis coriaceis, lobis linguiformibus.
elegans.
ELEG A N T
BOL E T U S.
T A B.
LXXVI.
THI
HIS elegant plant grew in an upright direction; it conſiſted
of ten or twelve principal lobes, which united near the
root, and formed a kind of thick irregular ſtem, of a blackiſh
colour, and an hard tough ſubſtance; theſe firſt or principal lobes
increaſe in breadth, from the baſe to the extremity, where each
is fubdivided into three or four other lobes, of a roundiſh
tongue-ſhape, blunt at the end, and a little waved on the edges.
Of the primary diviſions or lobes, thoſe in the centre are
the ſhorteſt, thoſe on the outſide longeſt; ſo that the whole
plant together forms a rude kind of funnel-ſhape. The upper
ſurface appears to the eye to be a little ſcaly, but is ſmooth and
velvety to the touch, and varies from a duſky brown to a kind
of cinnamon colour.
The tubes, at B. are ſmall and very numerous, the pores
round and white; while young they appear as if covered with a
fine white velvety duſt, but on being touched immediately loſe
the white, and change to a dirty brown. The internal ſub-
ſtance, at A. is thin, white, and extremely tough; it eaſily
divides in fine filaments, from the top of the lobes quite down
to the root; which filaments immediately after their diviſion,
on being irritated, ſeemed to exhibit motions juſt like thoſe of
a muſcular fibre.
This plant grew amongſt the fragments of a decayed elm
root, in Croſs-Field, at Halifax, in Auguſt, 1786, and again in
the ſame place in July, 1788. I find no deſcription or figure
properly expreſſive of this ſpecies. The figure in Battarra,
1. 34. Fig. B. which Hudſon cites for the Boletus coriaceus,
fomewhat reſembles my plant. Hudſon's B. coriaceus is the ſame
with my B. tenax, but I think that my tenax and elegans are
diflinet ſpecies.

76
А
B
Minu
g Bolton fecit
.
at Halifare 1788

UNIL
OF
M70

3

77
t Belon 20

GENUS II.
77
BOLETUS,
XC.
BOLETUS ſubacaulis planiuſculus lacerato-ſquamofus flaveſcens,
poris tetragonis. Hudſon Angl. 626.-Boletus juglandis. Squamoſus.
Schef. Fung. T. 101, 102. Auricula flammea malchi, Ster.
Funy. P. 105. T. 13, 14. Fig. omn.
SC A LY
BO L E T U S.
Τ Α Β.
LXXVII.
THIS grows from the fides of trees, in a drooping direction,
ſometimes in vaft imbricated cluſters of various fizes,
from ſix to twelve inches in diameter, and adhering to the tree
by one ſide, without any viſible footſtalk; ſometimes there is a
viſible root, as in the plant before me.
In this ſpecimen there is a root, conſiſting of a roundiſh
lump, the ſize of a cat's head; it is of a firm, compact, tough
ſubſtance; white within, and a duſky brown on the outſide : on
being cut it yields in drops from the wound, a tranſparent fluid,
acrid to the taſte ; from the root the ſtem contracts for about an
hand's breadth, and then gradually ſpreads out into the ſub-
ftance of the plant.
The ſurface is of a pale yellowiſh brown colour, with nu-
merous feather-like ſcales, which adhere to the ſurface, and are
arranged in a kind of wild concentric circles. The root ſuf-
tained one principal plant, and two others much ſmaller, iffuing
out of the neck or footſtalk of the large one, as expreſſed in
the figure. The large one meaſured from ſide to ſide, in the
broadeſt part, twenty-two inches; from the baſe of the root to
the extreme margin twenty-four inches; the internal ſubſtance
is white, ſpongy, and greedily devoured by the larvæ of inſects.
The pores are very large and angular, conſiſting of an un-
equal number of ſides, the tubes ſhort and ſhallow.
This ſpecimen grew on an aſh tree, in Skircoat, near
Halifax, July 24, 1787.

78
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES.
albus.
xcl. BOLETUS acaulis pulvinatus lavis, poris oblongis. Hudſon
626.--Boletus acaulis pulvinatus lævis, poris oblongis et ro-
tundis. Lightfoot Scot. 1036.--An poliporus Seſſilis convexo-
planus farinoſus. Hall. Hift. 2287
W HI TE
BOLE TU S.
T A B.
LXXVIII.
THIS
HIS plant adhered by its baſe to the root of a poplar tree,
which was in a decaying ſtate.
It is convex on the upper fide, and about an inch in thick-
neſs near the baſe, growing thinner to the margin ;--the convex
part near the root is of a' reddiſh colour, the reſt of a pure
white, and appears to the eye as if it were rubbed with chalk.
A portion of the ſurface, when magnified, appeared to be co-
vered with a ſhort velvety dawn, which glittered like ſilver ;
--when the white dawn or powder was rubbed off, the ſurface
was of a pale duſky fleſh colour. The margin is lobed, curled,
and undulated, in a very pleaſing manner. The fubſtance of
the plant, within, is of a pale duſky fleſh colour, tough, and
elaſtic.-- One of the ſpecimens before me, meaſures fix inches
from ſide to ſide, and near four from the baſe to the fore mar-
gin; another is little more than half that meaſure.
The tubes are about two lines in length, they adhere toge-
ther by their fides, are of a tough coriaceus ſubſtance, and
variable in fize and figure. The pores very unequal; fome
round, others oblong or angular, ſome are long and waved, ſome
large, others ſmall; but all of equal height.
This ſpecimen grew on the root of a fallen poplar, at Copley-
Hall, near Halifax; it grew near the ſurface of the ground, and
ſurrounded, with its ſubſtance, the graſſes and weeds that grew
in its way.

78
A
Iraungo Pitches from Nature by je dolion al Shomary acer Palitan
Halifax March

oણી


79
Baltor lecit.
:8ffi produsele
Boletus hepaticus drawn ve etched from Naturend

GENUS II.
79
BOLETUS.
XCII.
BOLETUS acaulis levis, carnofus fanguineus mollis obfcure
lobatus. Lightfoot Scot. 1034. Hudſon Angl. P. 625. hepaticus.
No. 5.-Poliporus feffilis fanguineus craſſus mollis obfcure
lobatus. Hall. Hift. 2315.- Agaricus poroſus rubeus car-
nofus hepatis facie. Ray Syn. P. 23. No. 21. Mich. Gen.
T. 60. Ord. I. Battara, T. 34. Fig. A.
LIVER
BOLETUS.
T A B.
LXXIX.
IT grows horizontally, in the cavities of living oak trees,
ad-
hering by a narrow baſe, and ſpreading out on each ſide,
aſſumes an almoſt circular figure. The margin gently waved.
The ſurface is liver-coloured, very ſmooth, and cold to the
touch: in ſome ſpecimens there is a tinge of green mixed
in the hue, eſpecially in the larger plants. It is convex near
the baſe, on the upper ſide, but flat towards the margin:-the
under fide is more flat towards the baſe, convex and projecting
at the margin. The ſubſtance or fleſh, within, is of a firm
cloſe texture, of a liver colour, with veins and ſpots of white.
The tubes are cylindrical, very numerous, about three lines
in length, of a pale yellow colour; as are alſo the numerous
pores.
This is ſaid to be of the eſculent kind; I have found it to
taſte almoſt like lamb’s fleſh, but how far it is to be truſted I
know not.
The fpecimen now deſcribed, grew in an hollow cavity in
the ſtock of a living oak tree, in the Sbroggs, in Ovenden,
Halifax, October 27, 1785,
near

80
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES.
igniarius,
XCIII. BOLETUS acaulis pulvinatus lævis, poris tenuifimis. Sp. Pl.
1645. Hudſon Angl
. 625. Poliporus convexo-planus durif-
fimus cinnereus, infern albidus. Hall. Hift. 2288. Agaricus
pedis equini facie, Tourn Inft. P. 562. T. 330. Fig. A, B.
Battarra, T. 37. E. Agaricum igniarium, agarici ofi-
cinalis facie. Mich. Gen. P.118. T. 61. Fig. 1. Boletus
ungulatus fulvus et variegatus. Schaf. Fung. 137, 138.
Fungus durus igniarius. Park, 1323.
TOUCHWOOD
BOLETUS,
Spunk.
ТА В.
LXXX.
TH HIS grows horizontally, from the ſides of trees; its firſt
appearance is in form of a convex tubercle, the ſize of a
pea; it is then of a ſoft and yielding ſubſtance, and of a yellow
colour: this globular or convex figure it retains, till it acquires
the ſize of a ſmall wilding apple or crab; it is now more firm,
of a darker colour without, but ſtill yellow within; and the
tubes are not yet formed: as it advances in growth the baſe
ſpreads laterally, a margin begins to project, and the tubes be-
gin to grow on the underſide; they are ſo very fine and clofe,
that the
pores cannot be diſcerned by the naked eye; while freſh
they are of a yellowiſh colour. The upper ſurface is of various
colours, ſometimes diſpoſed in concentric circles, grey, brown,
duſky, &c. The circles a little elevated, and the margin very
blunt.
When the plant is full grown, the tubes are near half an
inch in length, of a reddiſh brown colour, and an hard, dry,
woody ſubſtance, as is the whole plant; it is perennial, grow-
ing and increaſing from year to year.
This ſpecimen grew on the ſtock of a cherry tree, in
Soutbowram, near Halifax.

80
al Sramnary
Drawn and Orched on the Caper immediately pomohere by J. Bolton
Halifax Marche j. 26. th Anno Boothie 1708
n007


14/

81
Bland at the

GENUS II.
81
BOLETUS.
хсу. .
BOLETUS acaulis fafciis diſcoloribus poris albis, Sp. Pl. 1645.
Hudſon Angl. 626. Schaf. Fung. T. 136. Poliporus fef- verſicolar.
filis ceſpitoſus planus birſutus anulis verſicoloribus. Hall.
Hift. 2282. Fungus meſintericus. Sterb. T. 27. K. Fun-
gus lignofus rofeus variegatus. Boccone, P. 295. T. 8.
No. 5. Agaricus Squamis iridiformibus. Battarra, T. 35. A.
STRIPED
BOL E T U S.
T A B.
LXXXI.
THIS
“HIS plant, like the laſt, when young, adheres by its whole
breadth to decayed wood or bark, having the hairy ſide
downwards and the pores upwards. I have ſpecimens which
grew in a moiſt fituation, upon wet wood, which grew to their
full ſize in this manner; they are two or three inches diameter,
about half an inch thick, and of a milk white colour in every
part; they have not the leaſt appearance of hairineſs or dawni-
neſs on either ſide. In another ſpecimen, the plant has formed
itſelf into a firm ſolid lump, ſuited in ſhape to the cavity of an
old beam, wherein I found it growing, and is nearly the ſize of
a man's fift.
The moſt common manner of its growing, is like the
Boletus auriformis and Agaricus quercinus ; to ſeparate from the
wood except on one ſide, to become horizontal, and to grow
and increaſe in that direction :-what is now become the upper
fide is covered with a cloſe, ſhort, velvety dawn, of various
colours ; amongſt which, a purpliſh kind of lead colour gene-
rally prevails, or forms the ground-work; upon this are con-
centric ſtripes, of various browns, gold colour, green, or pur-
ple; the whole in decay changes to a dirty green, or greeniſh
brown.
The pores are cream-coloured or white, ſometimes round
and very ſmall, at other times angular and more large. The
tubes very ſhort.
Grows in woods about Halifax, plentifully.
N

82
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSS ES.
XCVI.
BOLETUS acaulis imbricatus tenuis coriaceis, ſuperne villoſus,
inferne planus. Halvella acaulis. Hudſon, 633. Halvella
villofa. Relban, 463. Auricula reflexa. Bulliard, P/ 274.
Agaricus villoſus tenuis, inferno lævis. Ray Syn. P. 21.
auriformis.
No. 4.
EARLIKE
BOL E T U S.
T A B.
LXXXII.
TH
*HIS plant at firſt grows flat, adhering by its whole breadth
to the bark of the dead branches or ſtocks of trees; it is
moſt frequently of a circular figure, the upper fide quite ſmooth,
and of a browniſh yellow, afterwards the under ſide, which is
very hairy, begins to riſe, and ſeparate itſelf from the bark;
ſometimes the whole margin riſes, and the plant reſts on a cen-
tral baſe, as at 6.-but more frequently it is raiſed on one ſide
only, the adhering part ſerving as a baſe or root to the part
which is ſeparated, and which turns to an horizontal direction,
grows, increaſes, ſends out other ſpecimens from its extremi-
ties, in a double or imbricated order, and continues from year
to year, as at e.—the upper fide (which, by the bye, was the
under in the infancy of the plant) ftill continues covered with
a ſhort ſtiff coat or ſhag, which while the plant is young is
generally of a yellowiſh buff, and is marked with concentric
lines of other colours; but when old changes to an hoary grey,
the circles a little darker : the under fide changes to a dark
cheſtnut brown. A ſmall particle, as at a. is magnified at b.
the ſhag conſiſts of filaments, divided, ſubdivided, and very
much entangled : I fought for ſeeds, but could diſcover none.
I have placed this plant amongſt the Boleti, becauſe it coin-
cides in ſubſtance, manner of growth, and in the whole habit,
with the firſt diviſion of that genus.
A certain characteriſtic of an Halvella is this, that when of
proper age, on being gently irritated, it will eject a fine pow-
der, in form of ſmoke; a property which is wanting in this
plant. It poſſibly may, though very rarely, produce ſeeds
like its congeners :--we ſee plants of the ſame claſs which grow
in great plenty, and yet their fructifications are very rarely diſ-
covered, as the Lichen pbyfodes, furfuraceus, &c.

82
e
***
с C
CO
a
Druunu Ezch@on the boppes immediately tem Nature
17882

CA

لادن


GENUS II.
83
BOLETUS.
BOLETUS petiolatus lateralis, pileo coriaceo pallide-luteo, mar- XCVII.
gine acuto, poris tenuifimis. Agaricus Squamous glaber, lateralis.
Battarra, P. 68. T. 34. A.
LATERAL
BOLET US.
T A B.
LXXXIII.
THE root in this Boletus is black, hard, and of a woody
ſubſtance. The ſtem gradually increaſes upwards, till it
laterally ſpreads out into a pileus, of a circular figure, only de-
ficient on the ſide where the ſtem loſes itſelf in its ſubſtance;
and in well grown fpecimens, the two oppoſite margins on the
defective fide increaſe, ſo as to touch each other.
The pileus from one to two inches diameter, flat, and quite
ſmooth on the ſurface; the margin gently waved in ſome fpe-
cimens, in others plain, in both very thin and acute; the
colour on the upper fide is exactly like the leaves of trembling
poplar, when they turn yellow, and fall; the ſubſtance much
reſembles tanned neat's leather.
ز
The pores are round, and very minute, ſo as not to be diſ-
cerned by the naked eye in the largeſt ſpecimens. The tubes
are about a line in length; when magnified a little, I found
them to be cylindrical, and their diſpoſition very regular and
beautiful. The colour of the pores is a little paler than that of
the pileus.
Specimens of this, I gathered on the ſtump of a fallen wil-
low tree, below Woodhouſe, near the river Calder, in Auguſt,
1787. I have ſeen old ſpecimens elſewhere, of a dark duſky
brown colour, and of a ſubſtance as hard and firm almoſt as
oaken wood.
N 2

84
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSS ES.
Such as are ſupported on a central ſtem.
Luteus.
XCVIII. BOLETUS ſtipitatus, pileo pulvinato ſubviſcido, poris rotundalis
convexis flaviſſimis, ftipite albido. Sp. Pl. 1647. Hudſon
Angl. 627. Schæf. Fung. T. 103. Ceriomyces pileo for.
nicato. Battarra, T. 29. Fig. C. Boletus luteus. Dillen.
C. Giſs. T. 10. No. 1. Fungus poroſus autumnalis viſcidus,
Buxbaum, Cent.
Fungus ranarum. Sterb.
I. 17. I. M. Hedwig Crypt. T. 36. Fig. 210.
5.
T. 14.
YELLOW
BOL E T U S.
T A B.
LXXXIV.
THE
HE root conſiſts of a tuft of dawny fibres, iſſuing from
the baſe of the ſtem, by means whereof the plant adheres
firmly to the ground.
The ſtem is folid, ſpongy, generally largeſt near the root,
and three or four inches high; the colour is variable, in fome
ſpecimens of a pale, in others of a deep yellow; ſometimes
olive-coloured, or duſky; in full grown plants frequently
ſtrongly tinged with a fine bright crimſon or blood colour, on
the upper part, which is loft on the lower, where it becomes
duſky or brown, olive, ſtraw colour, or green.
The curtain is of an extremely tender and delicate texture,
and vaniſhes almoſt as ſoon as the rim of the pileus ſeparates.
from the ſtem; ſometimes, however, I have ſeen it in plants of
an advanced growth, as is expreſſed in the plate. The tubes
are cylindrical, longeſt in the middle, where they adhere to the
ſtem by their fides. The pores are round, and of a bright yel-
low, turning to a dirty green in decay.
The pileus is cuſhion-ſhaped, at firſt glutinous and yellow,
changing in its progreſs to olive, duſky brown, and various
other hues ; the fleſh is of a pale yellow, thick, brittle, and
ſpongy.
Grows in woods about the roots of trees, in July, and
Auguſt; it is the moſt early of the autumnal Fungi.

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GENUS II.
85
BOLETUS.
BOLETUS ftipitatus, pileo glabro pulvinato marginato, poris XCIX.
compofitis acutis porulis angulatis brevioribus. Sp. Pl. 1646. bovinus.
Hudſon Angl. 627. Scop. Corn. 1586. Schaf. T. 103.
Hall. Hift. 2302. Mich. Gen. P. 127. T. 68. F. 1.
Ceriomyces craſus. Battarra Fung. 62. T. 29. Fig. A. B.
Fungus poroſus craſſus. Ray Syn. P. II. No. 2. Caput
Bufonis. Sterb. P. 181. T. 17. Fig. G. G.
BROWN
BOLET US.
T AB
LXXXV.
THE
HE root conſiſts of a tuft of black fibres, iſſuing from the
baſe of the ftem.
The ſtem is at firſt globular, hard, and folid; as it advances
in growth it becomes oblong, and in ſome ſpecimens nearly
cylindrical, and about three inches high: it is often beautifully
reticulated with capillary veins, of a dark red colour, eſpecially
towards the root; the colour is generally a red brown. I never
could diſcover any curtain upon this plant.
The tubes are round, the thickneſs of an hog's briſtle, very
cloſely arranged; they are of a pale yellowiſh colour. The
pores are round, much ſmaller than in the laſt ſpecies, and of a
ſtrong fulvous brown colour. In this ſpecies the tubes, at B.
are longeſt in the middle, between the rim of the pileus and the
ſtem, growing ſhorter both outward and inward, and do not,
as in the Yellow Boletus, adhere to the ſtem, or even touch it.
The pileus is convex, the margin acute, the colour varies
from dark brown to fulvous, fawn colour, or buff of various
hues; the internal ſubſtance is a greeniſh white, but on being
cut, or broken, inſtantly changes to a dark blue colour.
This is a more rare plant in this neighbourhood, and does
not appear till September. I am ſorry to find in a late Engliſh
Author, that ſome of the characters which belong to this plant,
are miſtakenly applied to the Yellow Boletus.

86
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES.
C.
MI
BOLETUS ſtipitatus, pileo parvo convexo glabro, poris tenuifimis
numeroſis albidis, ſtipite longo medio craſo.
procerus.
T A L L
B O L E T U S.
T A B.
LXXXVI.
4
*HE root conſiſts of numerous fibres, iſſuing from the baſe
of the ſtem. The ſtem is obtuſely pointed at the baſe,
from whence the lower part greatly increaſes in thickneſs, for
the ſpace of an inch or two, and then gradually decreaſes again
to the top. The colour is a pale duſky olive; the ſubſtance hard
and brittle; the height five or fix inches.
The pileus is at firſt globular, afterwards becomes ſemioval,
or highly convex; the ſurface is ſmooth, dry, and to the touch
feels like-fine cloth; it is of a pale duſky olive colour; the
fleſh white and brittle. The tubes are cylindrical, very fine and
white; the pores white, and ſo minute as not to be diſcerned
by the naked eye. In decay the whole turns to a dirty brown,
and diffolves in a turbid gelly.
This is a rare fpecies; the ſpecimens here figured, I ga-
thered in Woodhouſe-Wood, and I have ſeen the plant in ſeveral
other places about Halifax.
w
I find no deſcription or figure which agrees exactly with this
plant. Is it a naked variety of the Fungus cinære forma, Arti-
choke muſhroom, of PARKINSON, P. 1324. No. 25. which
he ſays grows at Ripton, near Aſhford, on Bromley-Green, &c.
and which is well figured by my ingenious friend DICKSON, in
his Pl. Crypt. Fas. 1. T. 2. F.2?—I have ſometimes obſerved
a faint reſemblance of ſcalineſs on the ſtem of my plant, but
the pileus is conſtantly ſmooth from firſt to laſt.
X near B. nigrelles
See secretan's B. pseudoscaber

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87
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GENUS II.
87
BOLETUS.
CI.
BOLETUS ſipitatus, pileo flavo fubtomentoſo, poris fubangulatis
deformibus fulvis planis, ſtipite flavo. Sp. Pl. 1647: Poli- ſubtomentofus.
porus carne ſecedente petiolatus, pileo villoſo cervino poris
albidis. Hall. Hift. 2311. Fungus poroſus tenuis coriaceus.
Buxbaum Gent. 5. 1. 15. Fig. 1.
WOOLLY
BOLE TU S.
T A B.
LXXXVII.
THIS
pretty Boletus has an hard compreſſed root, emitting
numerous black fibres.
The ſtem is of a reddiſh brown, an inch or an inch and a
half high, often compreſſed or ſulcated, and of a tough, hard,
dry, leathery ſubſtance.
The pores are ſmall and angulated, but not of equal figure;
their margins are jagged or laſciniated, and of equal height,
which gives an appearance of woollineſs to the underſide of the
pileus: the colour is a bright fulvous brown. The tubes, at B.
are about a line and half in length, and conſtitute almoſt the
whole thickneſs of the pileus; they are tough, and firmly
united together by their whole length. They are repreſented
at A, as they appeared when a little magnified.
The pileus or coat, to which the tubes are affixed, is very
thin, as at B. of a tough, hard, vellumy ſubſtance; of a ful-
vous brown on the upper fide, and appears to the eye as if co-
vered with ſhort filky filaments cloſely combed down, from the
centre to the margin ; but which, in fact, are rather fine almoſt
imperceptible ſtria, inſeparable from the ſurface: the margin is
ciliated with brown hairs, and the ſurface marked with four or
five concentric ſtripes of a darker colour.
It is a rare plant here. The ſpecimens from which this de-
ſcription and theſe figures are taken, grew in Robin Hood's Scar,
in Southowram, near Halifax, in September, 1784.

AN
HISTORY
OF FUNGUSSES,
GROWING about H A LIFAX.
G E N U S
III.
H Y
D
N
U
M.
CII.
imbricatum.
HYDNUM ſtipitatum, pileo convexo imbricato. Sp. Pl. 1647.
Hudſon Angl. 628. Flora Danica, T. 176. Erinaceus
eſculentus albus craſſus. Mich. Gen. P. 132. T.72. Fig. 2.
Echinus petiolatus albicans ſuperne Squamofus. Hall. Hift.
2324
IMBRICATED HYD NUM.
T A B.
LXXXVIII.
TH
HE root conſiſts of a few fibres, iſſuing from the club-
ſhaped baſe of the ſtem.
The ſtem is white, folid, groſs, brittle, of a fpongy ſub-
ſtance, and three inches high ;-in full grown plants the thick-
neſs of one's thumb, and ſometimes a number of ſtems adhere
together by their fibrous baſes.
The under fide of the pileus is thickly ſet with ſoft prickles,
pointing downwards; theſe are white, and of various lengths,
from one to three or four lines; they are of a tender, ſoft ſub-
ſtance.
The pileus is at firſt ſmooth and globular, afterwards be-
comes convex, ſometimes lobed, and gaſhed on the margin, the
fides of the lobes lying over each other; but more frequently
only waved or undulated at the margin. I have not found the
ſurface to be much ſcaled or imbricated, though I have been
long acquainted with the plant. The pileus thick and fleſhy;
and the whole plant is white, and of a brittle, ſpongy ſub-
ſtance. The figures in Vaill. Paris, T. 14. Fig. 6, 7, 8. ſeem
to have been taken from this plant.
Grows in a deep narrow lane, by which you aſcend the
wood at North-Dean, near Halifax, in September and October.

88
This Hjanim grew in Norzh Dean in Detober 1996 when this ligure was exactly amazon
and was detched Aprilike first 17 88. Los f.Bolton at Stannary near Hantukmed
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GENUS III.
89
HYD NUM.
CIII.
HYDNUM ſtipitatum, pileo convexo lovi flexuoſo. Sp. Pl. 1647.
Hudſon Angl. 628. Echinus petiolatus fubrufus, petiolo repandum.
levi, Hall. Hift. 2325. Erinaceus coloris pallide citrei.
Dillen. C. Giſs. P. 188. T. 1. Erinaceus eſculentus albus
craſſus. Mich. Gen. P. 132. T. 72. Fig. 3. Hedwig
Cript. T. 37. Fig. 212, &c.
FLAT
HYD NU M.
T A B.
LXXXIX.
THE
HE root is fibrous; the ſtem folid, brittle, crooked or
bowed, nearly of equal thickneſs, of a pale cinnamon
colour, four or five inches high, and often inſerted into the
pileus, towards one fide, or not juſtly in the centre. The ſtems
frequently riſe in cluſters of four or five, adhering by the bafes,
and ſuſtaining plants of various ſizes, which preſs upon each
other, and thereby become much diſtorted.
The ſoft ſpines or prickles underneath, are almoſt always
placed obliquely, ſo as to lay over one another in an imbricated
order ; ſometimes they are ſimple, ſometimes divided; conſtantly
of a bright cinnamon colour, and a ſoft brittle fubftance.
ز
The pileus' is flat and ſmooth, feels to the touch like vel-
lum; the rim rudely lobed, ſinuated or lafciniated, and con-
ſtantly of a pleaſant bright cinnamon colour ; the fleſhy or
internal part, is white and brittle,
This plant grew in great abundance in Lee-Bank-Shrogg's,
in September, 1786; where I gathered the ſpecimens here
figured and deſcribed.
In one ſpecimen, I obſerved a dawny matter adhering to the
ſtem and ſpines ; which looked like the fragments of a curtain,
but I could not be certain that it was ſuch.
O

90
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES.
CIV.
kuriſcalpum.
HYDNUM ftipitatum pileo dimidiato. Sp. Pl. 1648. Hudſon
Angl. 629. Echinus petiolo gracili laterali, pileolo plano
obſcuro. Hall. Hift. 2321. Roſs Elem. T. 3. Fig. 2. b.
Buxbaum Cent. I. T. 57. Fig. 1.
Mich. Gen. P. 132.
T. 78. Fig. 8. Schaf. Fung. T. 143. Boletus pileo or-
biculari, &c. Gleditſch, P. 74. No. 7.
EAR PICK
HYDNU M.
ТА В.
XC.
TH!
HE ſtem is bulbous or ſwollen at the baſe, where it adheres
to the decaying cones of fir, without any viſible radical
fibres ; from the baſe the ſtem gradually diminiſhes in thick-
neſs, ſometimes it is divided into two or three branches or
diviſions, each whereof ſuſtains its own proper pileus; it is co-
vered, from the baſe almoſt to the top of the ſtem, with upright,
ſtiff, brown hairs, is of a dark fuſcous brown colour, and a
tough dry elaſtic ſubſtance; the height in a full grown plant
about two inches.
The pileus is ſometimes circular, but more frequently ob-
long, ſemicircular, or kidney-ſhaped. The ſtem often placed
out of the centre, ſometimes at one ſide ; it is flat or convex,
the centre ſometimes elevated, ſometimes depreſſed, always of
a dark brown colour, and a dry tough ſubſtance; the under ſide
a little paler; the fpines are dry, tough, hard, unequal in
length, and of a brown colour,
Grows under fir trees, in plantations about Halifax, in
Auguſt and September.
In a natural arrangement, will not the Hydni and Boleti
touch each other, between this plant and the Boletus tomentoſus ?

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91

A N
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES,
GROWING
about
H A LIFAX.
G EN U
N S
IV.
PH
A
L
LUS.
CV.
PHALLUS pileo ovato celluloſo, ftipite nudo rugoſo. Sp. Pl.
1648. Hudſon Angl, 629. Boletus capite tereti reticulato, eſculent.
Hall. Hift. 2247. Mich. Gen. 203. T. 85. Fig. 1. 2.
Tourn Inft. P. 561. T. 329. Fig. A.
Battarra. P. 24.
T. 2. Fig. F. Sterb. Fung. P. 92. T. 10 Fig. omn.
Fungus favigonous. Ray Syn. 11. No. 7. Park. Theat .
Ger. Emp. 1583
ESCULENT PHALLUS
or
MORELL.
T A B.
XCI.
is or
the baſe, where it emits a few radical fibres; it is two or
three inches high, of a ſmooth but unequal ſurface, being fre-
quently diſtorted, and having many deep furrows and alternate
ridges. The ſubſtance of the ſtem is extended all over the in-
ſide of the pileus, and makes the lining or inward ſurface of
the whole cavity :-here it is white, wrinkled, and duſted over
with a ſoft mealy powder.
The pileus is generally of an oval figure, ſometimes globu-
lar or compreſſed, and varies greatly in fize and colour, accord-
ing to ſoil and ſituation ; it is moſt commonly of a pale yellowiſh
brown or buff, changing to a dark duſky colour in decay. The
ſurface is cellular, wrinkled, and latticed; the cells exhibiting
a great variety of unequal figures.
Grows in fandy meadows, about the river Calder, but rarely.
It is greatly eſteemed as an eſculent,

92
AN
HISTORY
OF
FUNGUSSES.
CVI.
impudicus.
PHALLUS volvatus ftipitatus, pileo albo celluloſo, apice pervio.
Hudſon Angl. 629. Phallus voluatus ftipitatus pileo celluloſo.
Sp. Pl. 1648. Sterb. Fung. T. 30. Fig. A, D, B, C.
Mich. Gen. T. 83. Hall. Hift. 224.8.
ST IN KI N G
MOR E L L.
T À B.
XCII.
HE root conſiſts of one pricipal fibre, the ſize of a pack-
thread, and about a ſpan long; it is ſoft, flexible, white,
and emits a few other capillary. fibres from its fides.
When the plant firſt appears above ground, it is of the co-
lour, ſhape, and ſize of an hen's egg, as at a. ſoon after, the outer
ſkin or ſoft ſhell breaks at the ſummit, and begins gradually to
ſlide down and diſcover a thick coat, of ſtiff, glewy, pale co-
loured, tranſparent jelly, b. in the ſpace of an hour this jelly
flides down to the root, in great wrinkles, and diſcovers another
volva, c. which is divided, about half way down, into three thick
white, obtuſe lobes, which gradually give way to a conical pileus,
that makes its appearance in the ſpace of an hour.
The pileus, d. is at firſt thickly covered with a ſhining ſub-
ſtance, of a blackiſh green colour, which rubbed between the
fingers, looks like a moiſt ſoft powder, and which ſoon begins
to melt, and fall off, in a thick, black, turbid, intolerably
fætid gelly; by this time the ſtem, g. has acquired its proper
height, four or five inches; it is hollow and ſmooth within, its
ſubſtance cellular, light, and ſpongy. The pileus alſo, after
the diſcharge of the gelly, becomes cellular and white; but
theſe cells are much larger than thoſe in the ſtem; the inſide
is ſmooth, and lightly adheres to the ſtem, at its apex: at
laſt the ſtem becomes looſe in its own proper ſocket, h. falls
and becomes the food of inſects.
In the cavity of the ſtem, adhering to the top, and appear-
ing as if encloſed in a membrane, hangs a piece of pellucid
gelly, of a ſtiff, but rather trembling ſubſtance, as at i.
I watched the progreſs of this plant on the 20th of Sep-
tember, 1776, when this deſcription was written.
Grows in woods and hedges about Halifax, but rarely.

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I
X,
N
E
D
0 F
THE
TRI V I AL
N A M E S
after
the
A G A R I CS,
in this Volume.
L A T I N.
ENGLISH,
BOL E T U S.
BOL E T U S.
in
!!!
76
82
83
Albus
Auriformis
Bovin us
Elegans
Hepaticus
Igniarius
Lareralis
Luteus
Obliquus
Procerus
Squamofus
Subtomentofus
Tenax
Verficolor
=
Noo oo MNOOOO OO No No
Brown
Elegant
Eared
Lateral
Liver
Oblique
Scaly
Striped
Tali
Tough
Touchwood
White
Woolly
Yellow
79
74
77
81
86
75
80
78
87
74
81
H Y DNU M.
H Y DNU M.
=
Imbricatum
Repandum
Auriſcalpum
88
89
90
Earpick
Flat
Imbricated
---
90
89
88
P H A L L D S.
P. H A L L U S.
Eſculentus
Impudicus
-->
91
92
Efculent
Stinking
91
92
EN D
OF
VOL.
II.
E RR A T A.
INTRODUCTION. Page 24. line 34. rent.--27. 11. a comma after periſhing.----29. 13. for 56. 5,6.-
30. 4. after ſtrong eraſe comma.-32. 2. after pale eraſe comma. IN THE BOOK. P. 55. in margin,
adſcendens.-63. 13. rent. -68. 1. flavo
.--84. 2. rotundatis.-IN VOL. I. INTRRODUCTION. P. 16.
1. 1o read ſynonyma of preſent Authors.





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