2.12-6 Tools 150 Քամին 1817 SCIENTIA ARTES LIBRARY VERITAS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SERURTIBUS UNE TIEBOR SI QURRIS PENINSULAM AMOENAM CIRCUMSPICE UNUN WOUDWW.01.02 WWW.ULU Museums g P1.1. to front the Title page.161.1 16 VYYYY b VII I II III IV VI VII X a a a a 10 с :c a XIV XV X XVI XI XII XIII 6 a a 6 6 6 c XVII Vr Va a XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXTIE sice A bog E B с ..6 C D F H G A Botanical Arrangement OF ALL THE V E G E T A BL ES Naturally growing in GREAT BRITAIN. WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GENERA and S P E CIES, According to the Syſtem of the celebrated LINNÆUS. Being an Attempt to render them familiar to thoſe who are unacquainted with the LEARNED LANGUAGES. Under each SPECIES are added, The moſt remarkable VARIETIES, the Natural PLACES of GROWTH, the DURATION, the Time of FLOWERING, the PECULIARITIES of STRUCTURE, the common Engliſh NAMES ; the Names of Gerard, Parkinſon, Ray and Baubine. The USES as MEDICINES, or as POISONS; as FOOD for Men, for Brutes, and for Infeets. With their Applications in OECONOMY and in the ARTS. WITH AN EASY INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF BOTANY. SHOWING The Method of inveſtigating PLANTS, and Directions how to Dry and Preſerve SPECIMENS. The whole Illuſtrated by Copper PLATES and a copious GLOSSARY. By WILLIAM WITHERING, M. D. Ornari res ipſa negat, contenta doceri. IN TWO VOLUM E S. BIRMINGHAM: Printed by M. SWINNEY, For T. CADEL and P. ELMSLEY in the Strand, and G. ROBINSON, in Pater-noſter-row, LONDON. MDCCLXXVI. Museums 306 W 815 vil 0890054-148 (iii) Τ Η Ε D E E SI GN, N OTWITHSTANDING the very rapid pro- greſs of Science ſince the middle of the laſt century, it is only fince the beginning of this that the ſtudy of Natural Hiſtory hath attracted the ge- neral attention of mankind. Botanical enquiries in particular have been con- fined to a few individuals; partly from the difficul- ties which attended them, and partly from an opi- nion that they were only uſeful to the profeſſors of Medicine ; but the eſtabliſhment of the LINNÆAN SYSTEM hath called forth a number of votaries to cultivate this amiable Science; and the pupils of that great man have taught mankind, that the Me- dical properties of Plants, are far from being the only circumſtances worthy their attention. VOL. I. Still a iv THE DESIGN. Still however difficulties remain. An acquain- tance with one of the Learned Languages is hardly fufficient to enable us to underſtand his works. The novelty of the ſubject compelled him to invent a variety of new terms; and without the advantages of an Academical Education, it is a very laborious taſk to attain preciſely that idea which he wiſhes them to expreſs. In this ſituation of things, what can be done by thoſe who from nature or from accident, find them- ſelves poffeffed with a taſte for Botanical know- ledge? They ftudy Botanical plates : but bad plates convey falſe or inſufficient ideas; and good ones are too expenſive for general uſe. If they ap- ply to old voluminous Herbals; the want of me- thod, the deficiencies, and the requiſite long con- tinued attention, fatigue the moſt induſtrious diſpo- fitions. If they ſeek for information in more mo- dern productions, they find ſuch a multiplicity of terms, formed from the Greek and Latin languag- es, with nothing Engliſh but the terminations; that they firſt begin to deſpair, and then relinquiſh in diſguſt. A Deſire to remove theſe difficulties, and to ren- der the path in this walk of ſcience, as eaſy as it is delightful, firſt gave riſe to the preſent under- taking. The intention was laudable; but how far the execution correſponds with that intention, the public mult decide. From THE DESIGN. V Sexual Di- From an apprehenſion that Botany in an Engliſh dreſs would become a favourite amuſement with the Ladies, many of whom are very confiderable proficients in the ſtudy, in ſpite of every difficulty ; it was thought proper to drop the ſexual diftin&ti- ons in the titles to the Claſſes and Orders, and to ſtinctions. adhere only to thoſe of Number, Situation, &c. Thoſe who wiſh to know the curious facts which gave birth to this celebrated ſyſtem, may confule the Philoſophia Botanica; the Sponſalia Plantarum, in the firſt volume of the Amenitates Academicæ ; Lee's Introduktion, and Milne's Botan. Dist. where they will meet with many other very intereſting Philoſophical diſquiſitions. All controverſies about of Syſtem. ſyſtem are ftudiouſly avoided : Mankind are weary of ſuch unprofitable diſputes : every Syſtem yet in- vented, undoubtedly may glory in its peculiar beauties, and with no leſs reaſon, bluſh for its par- ticular defects. It is ſufficient for the preſent purpoſe that the ſyſtem of LINNÆUS is now very univerſally adopted; and though confeſſedly imperfect, it approaches ſo near to perfection, that we may perhaps never ex- pect to ſee any other improvements than ſuch as will be founded upon this plan. With reſpect to the language, ſome apology is Languag”. undoubtedly neceſſary. It would be no difficult matter to render the ſentences more connected. This would be leſs awkward, but at the ſame time leſs a 2 vi THE DESIGN. leſs perfpicuous. Uſe will take off from the for- mer defect, but never can remove the latter. The beſt Syſteinatic Naturaliſts are thoſe who communi- cate preciſe and well-defined ideas, and in ſuch a manner, that the characteriſtic features of what they are deſcribing ſhall obtrude themſelves upon the eye *. Terms. : No part of this undertaking demanded more at- tention, or occaſioned more labour, than the ſe- lection of the terms. The old Engliſh Botaniſts afforded very conſiderable affiſtance : ftill, however, it muſt be confeſſed, that many words foreign to the Engliſh language, are neceſſarily retained : but wherever theſe occur, or wherever an Engliſh word is taken in a more ſtrict acceptation than uſual, it is to be found in the Gloſſary; and is there ex- plained, either by deſcription, by the aſſiſtance of engravings, or by reference to ſome well-known example. In quoting examples to explain the terms, it was thought expedient to uſe the moſt common and well-known names of Plants, and likewiſe to take inſtances from Plants that are frequent in our gardens, whether naturally growing in this country or not. a * LINNÆUS has great merit in the judicious diſpoſition of his Matter ; ſo that a glance of the eye catches in a moment the ſubject in queſtion, without the fatigue of reading page after page. In this work, his mode of printing is adopted. The THE DESIGN vii The Latin terms uſed by LINNÆUS are thrown into alphabetical order; partly to demonſtrate how lit- tie the Engliſh language ſtands in need of foreign terms, and partly with a view of affording aſſiſtance when there is occaſion to conſult other writers upon Botanical ſubjects. The Synopſis of the Genera at the head of each Genera. Claſs, and the fubdiviſions of the Orders, will be found greatly to ſhorten the labour of inveſtiga- tion. But the ſubdivifions are not without excep- tions: Theſe, however, as well as the exceptions of particular ſpecies, are noted in their proper places, in Italic characters. The Generic deſcrip- tions are tranſlated from the ſixth edition of the Genera Plantarum of LINNÆUS, but they fome- times vary a little from the original, where truth and nature ſeemed to require it: And in ſome 'in- ſtances where the original was evidently more adapt- ed to the foreign, than to the Britiſh ſpecies, it was neceſſary to naturalize it to our own country, by additional obſervations. The characters of the Species are tranſlated from Species. the twelfth edition of the Syſtema Nature: but as we have a right to expect that the Flora of a parti- cular country, ſhould be more full and perfect than one that is ineant to contain nothing leſs than the productions of the whole furface of the earth, ad. ditional deſcriptions are added to almoſt every Spe- cies. Theſe additional deſcriptions are printed in a 3 Italics, viii THE DESIGN. Italics, and are either taken from actual obſerva- tion, or from authors of indubitable veracity. Peculiarities. The ſtructure of every leaf and every flower, exhibits proofs of Divine Wiſdom : but we are too apt to paſs without attention, the phænomena that are daily preſented to our eyes. In ſome parts of the vegetable kingdom, there are ſuch peculiarities of ſtructure, and ſuch amazing contrivances to an- ſwer the wiſe purpoſes of the Creator, that a total diſregard to them would have been unpardonable : Theſe therefore are mentioned, in a conciſe man- ner, yet ſufficiently full to excite the attention of the ingenious. 15 633 Sleep of Plants. Many Plants in the night-time, from a change in the direction of the leaves and leaf-ſtalks, affume an appearance ſo totally different from what is uſual to them, that the moft expert Botaniſt would hardly be able at firſt fight to recognize his old ac- quaintance. This is called the SLEEP OF PLANTS; and is noticed under ſome of rhe Species; as is likewiſe the WAKEING or opening of flowers. Wakeing of Flowers, Moſt flowers when once expanded, continue fo night and day. Some cloſe againſt rainy weather, but fome have their ſtated times of opening and cloſing independent of any ſenſible changes in the atmoſphere. Thus the white WATERLILY opens at ſeven in the morning, and cloſes again at four in the afternoon. The yellow GOATSBEARD has long been known to have this property, and is therefore THE DESIGN. ix therefore called by the country people, JOHN GO TO BED AT NOON. If kept in a bottle of water, it will be found to open at three or four o'clock in the morning, and to cloſe again before noon. BOUDA At a time when the names of Plants are already Names. too numerous, nothing leſs than the plea of indi- ſpenſible neceſſity can juſtify the introduction of new names for any of the Genera : But the intelli- gent reader will immediately perceive the impoffi- bility of forming an Engliſh ſyſtem, without mak. ing Engliſh Generic names. Innovations of this kind are never admitted without an abſolute neceffi- ty; and wherever that neceſſity appeared, recourſe was had to the old Engliſh Botaniſts; and if they afforded no affiſtance, ſuch a name was invented as might be expreſlive of ſome ſtriking characteriſtic of the Plant. To prevent confuſion, the common Engliſh names are added to the Species, and where the common name of a Plant cannot be retained for the Genus, it is generally adopted as the trivial name of the Species. . The Latin Synonyms of Gerard, Parkinſon and Synonyms. Ray, are ſubjoined to each Species; and likewiſe the Synonyms of Caſpar Bauhine ; the latter prin- cipally with a view to medical ſtudents, becauſe writers upon the Materia Medica generally nake uſe of Beuhine's names. In the 24th Claſs the Sy- nonyms of Dillenius are given, and references to his plates. 2 a 4 In X THE DESIGN Soil and Situ- ation, In mentioning the places of growth, it was thought more eligible to give the Soil and Situation in general terms, than to ſpecify the particular places where ſuch and ſuch Plants have been found; as the latter method would probably tend to retard the progreſs of the Science by damping the expec- tations of its votaries, Oeconomical The Oeconomical Uſes of Vegetables, have been Ules, hitherto but little attended to by men eminent for Botanical Knowledge. The Theory of the Science, and the Practical Uſes have been too much dif- joined. At length, however, the generality of mankind are tired with the diſputes about Syſtems, ani the vegetable productions of Europe are pretty well arranged : It is time therefore to think of turning our acquiſitions to ſome uſeful purpoſe. Our own countryman, the ingenious and indefati- gable Mr. Rey, in his journeys through the different parts of this Island, collected ſome facts; but it is to the induſtry of LINNÆUS and his Diſciples that we are indebted for the greater part of our know- ledge upon this ſubject. Mr. Stilling fieet, with a zeal truly commendable, attempted to render the Botanical Study of the Graffes fubfervient to the great purpoſes of agriculture *; but whilſt the far- mers wanted the means of diſtinguiſhing the diffe- rent Genera and Species, it was in vain to look for an adoption of his plan. 3 * See his Miſcellaneous Tracts. In Τ THE DESIGN. xi In years of ſcarcity we are often told of mankind Uſes as Food. ſuffering, and ſometimes periſhing by famine; but ſurely this would never be the caſe, if men were ap- prized of the very great number of eſculent Vege- tables that grow wild and unnoticed in the fields, Some of them might be uſed with advantage, even amidſt the luxury of plenty; and others may eaſi- ly be gathered in quantities fufficient to ſupport life, when better or more agreeable food cannot be had. With this view, the part of the plant to be preferred, and the uſual mode of dreſſing it, are mentioned under thoſe Species that have been found the fitteſt for foodful purpoſes. Bush 3 Uſes for Cattlc. It is certainly a matter of the greateſt conſe- quence to determine what Species of Plants are preferred by particular Animals; for what is noxi- ous to one Animal is often nutritious to another. Thus the WATER COWBANE is a certain poiſon to cows; whereas the goat browſes upon it greedi- ly. MONKSHOOD kills goats, but will not hurt horſes. Bitter Almonds are poiſonous to dogs, but not to men. PARSLEY is fatal to ſmall birds, while ſwine cat it ſafely; and Pepper is mortal to ſwine but wholeſome to poultry. Many experiments made with this view by LINNÆUS and his pupils at Upſal, are given in the ſecond vol. of the Amanitates Academice. The reſult of thoſe that relate to the Britiſh Plants, will be found under the particular Species. Many of them were repeated ten and even twenty different times, and މު with XN THE DESIGN. was with the precautions mentioned below, which are here added for the ſake of thoſe who have leiſure and opportunity to purſue theſe intereſting enqui- ries further. When horſes, cow's, &c. are ſaid to eat the plant, it means that they eat the Leaves of the plant. Thus horſes and cows eat a great va- riety of Graſſes; but they only eat the leaves ; for when left to their own choice they never touch the flowering Stens. Some Plants are eaten early in the ſpring, whilft young and tender, but are re- jected in the ſummer. The Animals cholen for theſe experiments muſt not be over-hungry, for an empty ſtomach will compel them to feed upon plants which nature never deſigned for them: Nor ſhould they be taken immediately out of the houſe ; Lecauſe after living a conſiderable time upon dry food they devour greedily every green vegetable that comes in their way. The Plants offered them ſhould be handled as little as poſſible, for ſome Animals are very nice, and will refuſe the moſt agreeable food when defiled by ſweaty hands. Throw the Plant in queſtion upon the ground; if the Ani- mais refuſe to eat it, mix it with others that they are known to like, and if they ſtill refuſe it the point is clear, eſpecially if the experiment is re- peated with different individuals, Ono Uſes for In- 1ects. The Catalogue of Inſects that feed upon the dif- ferent Species of Plants, is confeffedly very imper- fect; but it will ſerve as a foundation for future obſervations of the ſame kind. Perfection in theſe THE DESIGN. xili theſe matters is not to be attained at once. In its preſent ſtate it may not be without its uſe. It will be ſeen that Inſects live chiefly upon the products of the taller Trees which grow out of the reach of Quadrupeds, ſuch as the ELM, the PEAR, the LIME and the OAK; or upon the thorny and ſtinging Plants which repel the attacks of other Ani- mals, as the ROSE, the THISTLE and the NET- TLE; or upon ſuch plants as exiſt every where in great abundance as the GRASSES; or laſtly, upon ſuch Plants as other Animals will not eat, as the DOCK, the WATERLILY, the FIGWORT and the HENBANE. Derham- ſuppoſes, and with a degree of probabi- lity on his ſide ; that the Virtues of Plants may be diſcovered by obferving what Inſects feed upon them. Thus the Green Tortoiſe Beetle feeds upon LYCOPUS and upon MENTHA, which are plants of the ſame Natural Order, and poſſeſſed of the fame Virtues. The Swallow-tail Butterfly feeds upon ſeveral of the Rundle-bearing plants of the fifth Claſs, which we know are endowed with ſimi- lar qualities; and the Orange-tip Butterfly devours the Common LADY-SMOCK and the MITHRI- DATE, which are Plants of the ſame Natural Claſs and have nearly the ſame properties, Many Plants change the appearance of ſome of Changes. their parts to accommodate certain Inſects with convenient xiv THE DESIGN. convenient lodgings : Some of the moſt reinarkable of theſe are noticed. Uſes in the Arts. It is beyond a doubt, that the Inhabitants of different countries, and artiſts of different kinds, know how to apply a number of Plants to anſwera va- riety of purpoſes; many more than we are at preſent aware of. Such of theſe as could be ſelected from good authorities, or obtained from private infor- mation, are ſubjoined in their reſpective places, 360 Medical Vir- tues. Many people will be ſurprized to find ſo little ſaid upon the Medical Virtues of Plants; but thoſe who are beſt enabled to judge of this matter, will perhaps think that the greater part of that little might have been omitted. The ſuperſtition of for- mer ages, operating upon the ignorance of man- kind, gave riſe to miracles of every denomination ; and the faſhion of combining a great variety of in- gredients with a deſign to anſwer any particular purpoſe, rendered the real efficacy of any of them extremely doubtful. The dreadful apprehenſions that men formerly entertained of poiſons, made them fearful of employing ſubllances that were ca- pable of doing miſchief, and therefore they rejected thoſe that were moſt likely to do good. A number of Vegetables fit only for food, were ſuppoſed ca- pable of producing the greateſt alterations in the human body; and at length every common Plant was eſteemed a cure for almoſt every diſeaſe. In this ſituation of things, little advantage can be reaped THE DESIGN. reaped from the experience of former times : we ſhall ſooner attain the end propoſed, if we take up the ſubject as altogether new, and rejecting the fables of the antient Herbalifts, build only upon the baſis of accurate and well-conceived experi- ments. To facilitate the work as much as poſſible, the following obſervations are added. Certain Plants, capable of producing very ſudden and remarkable effects upon the Human Body, are called Poiſons. But Poiſons in ſmall doſes are the beſt medicines, and the beſt medicines in too large doſes are poiſonous. Even the moſt innocent ali- ments in certain quantities are noxious. We muſt not diſdain to learn the Medicinal uſes of Plants from the meaneſt of Mankind; eſpecial- ly where they uſe their remedies in an uncompound- ed form ; for what are thoſe celebrated inedicines we import from the Indies at a conſiderable annual expence, as the Ipecacuanha, the Contrayerva and the Sarſaparilla, but remedies, by long experience, approved amongſt the common people in the coun- tries from which we purchaſe them? Plants of the fame Genus have ſomething of the ſame Virtues : Thoſe of the ſame Natural Order have ſtill a nearer reſemblance; and thoſe of the ſame Natural Claſs the neareſt of all. Theſe pro- perties are remarked in the Introductions to the Claffes. Plants wvi THE DESIGN. Plants having honey-cups detached from the petals are generally poiſonous, as the HELLEBORE, the COLUMBINE and the DAFFODIL. SE Plants with a milky juice are frequently poiſon- ous; as ſome of the MUSHROOMS, the SPUR- GES, and CELANDINE. Others are ſo but in a leſs degree as HAWK-WEED, GOATSBEARD, SUCCORY and LETTUCE. Plants with a ſimple jointed ſtem, ſword-ſhaped leaves and fleſhy roots are generally acrid : thus the juice of the yellow FLAG excites vomiting and ſneezing. The pleaſant-taſted and ſweet-ſmelling Plants are generally wholeſome. Plants that have an ungrateful ſmell produce dif- agreeable effects, as the ELDER, and many of the FUNGUSSES. Thoſe that finell nauſeouſly, as the HENBANE are generally poiſonous. Plants that are bitter to the taſte are ftomachic, and deſtroy acidity; as GENTIAN and CEN- TAURY. Acid Plants abate heat and thirſt, and refift putrefaction ; as the fruit of the CURRANT or the leaves of the WOODSORREL. Afringent THE DESIGN. xvii Aftringent Vegetables are diſcovered by the taſte. A red colour indicates acidity; a yellow, bitter- neſs, or acrimony. Plants in dry ſeaſons and dry ſituations, have moſt taſte; in moiſt ones they are more infipid. Thus the aromatic Plants, as THYME, SAGE and MARJORAM are by far the beſt in dry ſoils ; and every one knows the inſipidity of Fruits in wet ſoils and wet ſeaſons. Plants that grow in watery ſituations are often corroſive; as CROWFOOT and WATERLILY. But the corroſive aquatic Plants loſe much of their acrimony when cultivated in a dry foil: Of this the Garden CELERY is a ſufficient example. ROOTS are in greateſt perfection when the leaves firſt begin to put forth. LEAVES are beſt gathered when the bloſſoms are beginning to open. FLOWERS are in greateſt perfection when mode- rately expanded. SEEDS muſt be gathered when they have attain- ed their full ſize and are nearly ripe. BARKS are beſt in the winter before the fap rifes. Different parts of the ſame Vegetable often ma- nifeſt very different properties : Thus the leaves of WORM- xviii THE DESIGN. WORMWOOD are bitter, whilft the roots are aromatic. The Seed-veſſels, or Heads of POPPIES are narcotic, but the ſeeds have no ſuch quality. It will readily be allowed that theſe rules are by no means univerſal : The exceptions to moſt of them are numerous. We muſt be content to confi- der them as rude and imperfect out-lines, which the induſtry of future ages muſt correct and com pleat. ( xvii) i AN E A S SY INTRODUCTION To the STUDY of Β Ο Τ Α Ν Υ. ОТ AN T W E muit take it for granted that the Botanical Student will be at no loſs to diſtinguiſh a Vege- table, at firſt ſight, from an Animal or a Follil. It muſt likewiſe be believed that all Vegetables are capable of producing Flowers, and Seeds. As the Linnæan Syſtem of Botany is chiefly founded upon the number, ſhape, and fituation of the parts com- poſing a Flower, we ſhall immediately enter upon a de- ſcription of theſe parts, which are the elements of the b fcience ; IV111 INTRODUCTION. BLOSSOM, ſcience; and therefore a knowledge of them is indiſ- penſibly neceſſaryozote dilt odla mollola sdt end yarns to bolomos 20lola od 2410 I nobu od bars lo rad 10 moitaso os ad os bolos CEMPALEMENT, IT estos as : To hd Flowers conſiſt of the POINTALS. or SEED-VESSELS, u odT So arba rollo Seeds. ithiy boorla ylisy Post av Alsinios To theſe may be added, the HONEY-CUP and the RECEPTACLE. owad to bem107 918 CHIVES. usd 1900. or Owj Some Flowers pofTefs all theſe different parts, whilft others are deficient in ſome of them; but the Chives, gr the Pointals, or both, are to be found in all. 4. OWI SVER Hoy dva 20 The EMPALEMENT is formed of one or more green, or yetiowiſh green leaves, placed at a ſmall diſtance from, or cloſe to the bloſſom. 21159 999 to bolog and adiud sim The different kinds of Empalement are (1) Cups. (2) Fences. (3) Catkins. (4) Sheaths. (s) Hufksad (6) Veils. (7) Caps ; but the moſt common is the Cup. For an explanation of theſe fee the gloſſary; or look at a roſe, and the green covering that incloſes and ſupports the bloſſom is called the Cup. Pl. 3. fig. 1. (a:a. a. asa. The Cup of a Polyanthus is repreſented in pl. 3. fig. 10, Linnæus ſays the Empalement is formed by the outer bark of the plant. Disa ste vodo dide 3 2.2.819 a a of a The Blossom is that beautifully coloured part flower, which commands the attention of every body. If it is entire and undivided, as in the Polyanthus, or Au- ricula ; it is faid to be a bloſſom of one Pial; but if it is compoſed of ſeveral , arts, it is accordingly ſaid to be a a blor INTRODUCTION xis M22 a bloffom of one, two, three, &c. or many parts or Fetals. Thus the Bloſſom of the Tulip is formed of fix Perals ; and the Garden Rofes bear Bloſſoms compoſed of many Petals. The Bloſſom is ſuppoſed to be an expanſion of the inner bark of the plant. 1) корено 2 In Triwa The Chives are ſlender thread-like ſubſtances, gene- rally placed within the Bloſſom, and ſurrounding the Pointals. A Chive is compoſed of two parts, the Thread and the Tip, but the Tip is the eſſential part. Chives are formed of the woody ſubitance of the plant. 22 The Pointals are to be found in the center of the flower. Some nowers have only one Pointal; others have two, three, four, &c. and ſome have more than can eaſily be counted. Linnæus ſays the Pointals are formed of the pith of the plant. A Pointal is com- poſed of three parts, the Seedbud, the Shaft and the Sumi- mit; but the Shaft is often wanting. ebnisse (The SLED-VESSEL. In the newly opened flower, this part was called the Seed-bud; but when it enlarges and approaches to maturity, it is called the Seed-vefſel. Some flowers have no Seed-veſſels : in which caſe the Empalement incloſes and retains the Seeds until they are ripe. Jo mi boloodang Jg rosasyon Seeds, are ſufficiently well known; the ſubſtance to which they are fixed within the feed-velſel is called the Receptacle of the Seeds. 510 DIBED Dot Iybod you to set 15 ton two NA TO 2011 Evo Evilostas 2 ) d ali ti ? ud is 990 36 moldood but sear od oi bist algnibros en los to 270 HONEY- To gol ad holds ba Xx INTRODUCTION , you take HONEY-CUPS are thoſe parts of a Flower which are found to contain honey. The tube of the Bloſſom ſerves the purpoſe of a Honey-cup in many Flowers, as in the honey-ſuckle : but in other flowers there is a peculiar organization deſtined to this purpoſe. See plo 5. fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. a) 4.824 19) xia WZ 599 The RECEPTACLE is that part to which the above- mentioned parts of a Flower are fixed. Thus if a Flower and pull off the Empalement, the Bloſſom, the Chives, the Pointals and the Seeds or Seed-veſſels, the remaining part at the top of the Stalk is the Receptacle. In many Flowers the Receptacle is not a very ſtriking part, but in others it is very large and remarkable : thus in the Artichoke, after we have taken away the leaves of the Empalement, the Bloſſoms, and the briſtly ſubſtances ; the part remaining, and fo much eſteemed as food, is the Receptacle.oldo A 129-1333 21 tolstery ed Having thus briefly mentioned the different parts that enter into the compoſition of Flowers, let us for the fake of illuſtration examine ſome well known inſtance, Suppoſe it to be a flower of the Crown IMPERIAL. a berasa troisette om ditiw cocina cids grisebinos va aliwdil bas oli tovolt az is going bus 711999 Soins colledgw ng bayangis sort driw stworocilowo slozib di Toobi boog -100 Iiw yli qilis Is bred the son iciraqor] Si vod aitahtoish svodi od stalow 1914 baoqlari od to be list gw big wom) 90 X 3w quo H bolos 459 dong load -selatator to ouo to trouhastbarsci & uile is tovao u rodillos fferent mot betona sido CROWN INTRODUCTION. XXI γριο 91. doicw 19woll & long glodi 975 U-YAVOH 29113} rollola 2a DD ori si sostitut 3-10Hs To oloque adi CROWN IMPERIA L. bado? EN PALEMENT. None. wol diband walt odio od sivonon Blossom. s9 - Six Petals. (Pl. 3. fig. 2. a.a. a. a. a. a.). 2V.919 Chives - - - Six. (Pl. 3. fig. 2. bo. bc. bc. bc. bc. bc.) Threads fix; ſhaped like an awl. (Pl. 3. gvoda si les fig. 2. 6.b. b. b. b. b.) ). sisi trova Tips oblong; four-cornered. (Pl. 3. fig. 2 ont mollora de C.C.C.C.C. c.) POINTAL - Single. alex92 St Seed-bud oblong; three-cornered. (Pl. 3. suite sy so fig. 2. d.) oldis termost be Shaft longer than the Chives. (Pl. 3. ods Vendeu o fig. 2. e.) yilird at Summit with three diviſions. (Pl. 3. bomulls as dit od fig. 2. f.) Aldon SEED-VESSEL An oblong capſule, with three cells and three valves. (Pl. 3. fig. 4, repreſents tests 2375 and of the Seed-veſſel cut a-croſs to fhew the de tots three cells in which the Seeds are con- bomcilor voa tained. Doch wont tiska hotellis logist SEEDS Numerous ; llat, otsiodori Stoogod By conſidering this deſcription with ſome attention, and comparing it with the Flower itſelf, and likewiſe with the engraved figures, we ſhall ſoon attain a pretty good idea of the different parts of a Flower. If a Crown Imperial is not at hand, a Tulip or a Lily will cor- reſpond pretty well with the above deſcription. But if we examine the Crown Imperial we ſhall find at the baſe of each Petal a hole, which is the Honey-cup. In pl. 3. fig. 3. is a repreſentation of one of the Petals ſe- parated from the reſt, to thew the Honey-cup at (k.) and one of the Chives (h. i.) IC a b 3 ! xxii INTRODUCTION. mat It is natural to aſk the uſes of theſe different parts VI 25 A full reply to fuck a quefion would lead us to a long - srls difquifition, curious in itſelf, but quite improper in this place. Let it therefore fuffice to obſerve that the production of perfe&t Seed is the obvious uſe of the flower; that for this purpoſe the Seed-bud, the Sum Summit and the Tips are all that are eſſentially neceſſary; and perhaps the Summit might be diſpenſed with. The fine duit, or meal that is contained in the Tips, is thrown upon the Summit of the Pointal : This Summit is moiſt and the moiſture acting upon the particles of the duſt, occaſions them to explode, and diſcharge a very fubtile vapour. This vapour paſſing through the minute tubes of the Pointal, arrives at the Embryo Seeds in the Seed- bud, and fertilizes them. The Sceds of many plants have been obſerved to become, to all appearance, perfect without this communication, but theſe Seeds are inca- pable of vegetation. In pl. 3. fig. 5 at f, one of the Tips is repreſented diſcharging its duft ; and at fig. 8 you ſee a particle of duft greatly magnified and throw- ing out its vapour. The Empalement and the Petals ſeem primarily deſigned as covers to protect the more eſſential parts ; and perhaps it is not too vain an imagi- nation to believe, that a diſplay of beauty was in fome meaſure the deſign of the Creator. Independant however of theſe uſes deſigned by Na- ture, the Botaniſt takes advantage of the different num- ber, figure, fize and ſituation of theſe parts, and aſſumes them as the foundation of a ſyſtematic arrangement. He divides all the vegetable produđions upon the ſurface of the globe, into Claffes, Orders, Genera, Species and Varieties. The Claſſes are compoſed of Orders; the peabros Orders are compoſed of Genera, the Genera of Species, 2011 and the Species of Varieties. 2V.819 5 Com Men VIQUITOULOT XXL 2001 Men uſually 190 3 INTRODUCTION. --2116 319197ib 9191 Tooted uſually conſider the productions of Nature as forming three diftin& parts, called the Animal, the Vegetable and the Foſſil or Mineral Kingdom.de 9 Therefore taking the matter up in this familiar lan- Geborg The guage, let us endeavour to attain an idea of Claſſes, Or- , ders, c. by continuing the allufion. Let us compare 90151 aword (VEGETABLE KINGDOM to the KINGDOM of ENGLAND; for a CLASSES - to the COUNTIES; A ORDERS to the HUNDREDS ; The oludel GENERA to the PARISHES ; 250 A SPECIES to the VILLAGES ; bas2 \VARIETIES to the HOUSES. celom Some authors have aptly enough compared Boltou a artrate al A Class to an Army ; nos 70 98e An ORDER to a REGIMENT ; 8 gris, bA GENUS to a COMPANY ; wordt br And a SPECIES to a SOLDIER ; elsat entre arBut no compariſon can be more in point, than that which conſiders the vegetables upon the face of the globe, as analagous to the inhabitants ; thus- gilda Tusene VEGETABLES refemble INHABITANTS; CLASSES -- reſemble NATIONS ; mot ORDERS -- refemble TRIBES ; 29 GENERA -- - reſemble FAMILIES ; SPECIES reſemble INDIVIDUALS ; And VARIETIES are she fame Individuals in different dreffes. bos All the vegetables in Great-Britain are diviſible, ac- cording to the Syſtem of Linnæus, into twenty-four Clafles. HO ad: b = The и OITOU тояття і xxiv és INTRODUCTION LIŞM The characters of the Claſſes are taken either from the number, the length, the connexion, or the fituation of the IT Chives. 2 at grote The characters of the Orders, are molt frequently taken from the number of the Pointals ; but ſometimes from 2191 ſome other circumftances either of the Chives or Pointals,, which will be noticed hereafter. TV The characters or marks of the Genera, are taken from fome particulars in the flower, before unnoticed; but the generic deſcriptions are deſigned to contain an account of all the moſt obvious appearances in the flower. The fpecies are moſtly characterized from peculiarities in the ſtem or leaves ; ſometimes from parts of the flower; rarely from the roots. 2010 Varieties. Both leaves and flowers are ſubject to variations; ſome of them evidently dependant upom foil and ſituation : but others owing to cauſes which are hitherto un-aſcertained. Thus the leaves of the Water Crowfoot that grow beneath the ſurface of the water, are much more divided than thoſe that grow above the ſurface : ſo that a perſon unacquainted with this circum- fance, would hardly believe they belong to the fame plant. Again, the leaves of the perennial Snake-weed in wet ſituations are ſmooth ; but in dry and warm ſituations hairy. Some authors therefore have rec- koned them as diſtind ſpecies; but let them change fitur ations, and the appearances will be changed likewiſe. But why the leaves of Mint are ſometimes curled, thoſe of Holly or Mezereon variegated with white, &c. is a more difficult matter to determine ; feeing that ſlips from theſe plants, though growing in different foils, do not loſe their peculiarities : but young ones raiſed from ſeeds Icturn I N TRIODUCOT I O N. XXV return to their original form. It is evident therefore thatothefe, however different in appearance, are not to be conſidered as diſtinct ſpecies, but as varieties. Dado best variations oil, tool in are more common than thoſe of colour; but deſirable as theſe changes are to the Floriſt, they 2 stato 29 de have little with the Botaniſt, who conſiders them as variable accidental circumſtances, and there- fore by no means admiffible into the charader of a fpecies Bogoro ID 0026 0 a nogu Many flowers, under the influence of garden culture, become double ; but double flowers are monſters, and therefore can only rank in a Syſtem of Botany, as varie- ties. When we conſider that every plant is compoſed of an outer bark, an inner bark, a wood, and a heart or pith; and that flowers are formed by an expanſion of theſe parts ; nati when we recollect too that the Chives are formed of the woody ſubſtance, and told that this woody ſubſtance was originally formed by many coats of the inner bark con- denſed; we ſhall not be at a loſs to account for the pro- duđion of double flowers. The woody ſubſtance inſtead of being formed into Chives is expanded into Petals. This ſeems to be effected by too much ſucculent nouriſhment hos preventing the wood being properly conſolidated. Hence it is that the flowers with many Chives are more apt to be- i STRATOR come double, and to a greater degree, than thoſe that have EO few; as appears in the Anemone, the Ranunculus, the SSD Poppy and the Roſe. Where the Petals are ſo much multiplied as to exclude all the Chives, the flowers ne- ceſſarily become barren. morizqill sergio 101 ob rol 39 si puoral als abool stort bic de contesto CHARAC- STELET 130 ITUCW 20 Bomoa BOT 91000 TXX 1 - - 13 I. 5 --------- 90ft code O O O CON 1196 |}| ་ ། ། ། 1 IO 11 0273 CHARACTERS of the CLASSE S. CLASS. Pl.1. (fig.) EXAMPLES I. One Chive. I (a) Mares-tail. II. Two Chires. Privet. Lilac. III. Three Chives. 3 (a, a. a.) Saffron. Grafies. IV. Four Chives. ( All of the ſame length.) 4 Plastain. Teaſel, 69 V. Five Chives. (Tips not united.) 5 Honeyſuckle. Primroſe. 195 VI. Six Chives. (All of tho fame length.) Sparagus. Tulip VII. Seven Chives. Horſe-Cheſnuta 221 VIII. Eight Chives. Mezeréon. Heath. 223 IX. Nine Chives. Gladiole. Bay-tree. 241 X. Ten Chires. (Threads not united.) Campion Fraxinella. 243 XI. Twelve Clives. (Chives fixed to the Receptacle.) Houſeleek. Purſlane. XII. Twenty Chives. (Chives fixed to the Cup or to the Petals.) Hawthorn. Apple, Roſe. (285 XIII. Many Chives. (More than 12 ; fixed to the Recetacle.) 13 Poppy. Lark pur. 1312 2 XIV. Two Chives longer. (And two ſhorter.) 14 (a. a.) (c.c.c.) Fox-glove. Toad-flax, XV. Four Chives longer. (And tuvo fhorter.) 15 (a.aa.a.) (b.4.) Wall-tower. Cabbage. XVI. Threads united. (At the bottom, but ſeparate at the top.) 16 (s. 6. C.) Geranium. Mallow. 421. XVII. Threads in two ſets. (Sometimes in one. Blolj: Butterfly-ſhaped.) 17 (a. b.) Pea. Gorze. Brooin. 431 XVIII. Threads in many ſets. (Three or more ſets) Orange. St. John's-wort 4465 XIX. Tips united. (Five Chives.) 19 (a. a.) (b.b.2. Violer. Dandelion. Sunffon er 469 XX. Chives on the Pointal. 20 (a. a. a.) Orchis. Cuckow-pint. 518 XXI. Chives and Pointals ſep. (In ſeparate Flowers.) 21 (a.) Oak. Nettie. Cucumber. XXII. Chives and Pointalsdiſt. (Upon diftinct plants.) 22 (a.) Hop. Mifletoe. Yew. XXIII. Various ſituations. (Chives alone,l Pointals alone or Chives and 23 (a. b.c) Croſs-wort. Alh. Orache. 1622 Pointals together.) XXIV, Flowers inconſpicuous. ABC D.E.F.G.H. Ferns. Mofles. Liver. Muhr.1636 12 - 333 385V2 - 18 Il 11111! pogo 1556 1996 DIE HOSA IN TRODUCTION. xxvii a By looking over this table, by referring to the plate, and ſometimes by having recourſe to the plants men- tìoned as examples, the learner will ſoon commit the character of the Claſſes to memory, ſo that upon the firſt ſight of a flower it will be no dificult matter to refer it to its proper Clafs ; and a knowledge of the Orders will very readily be attained, by obſerving, that En In the 14th Claſs the Orders depend upon the Seeds having a Seed-veſel or not. - - - 15th upon the ſhape of the Seed-veſſel. 19th upon the ſtructure of the Florets. (See the introduction to the 19th Claſs.) 1. 20th upon the number of Chives. 2 ift. and 22d. upon the number and ſituation of the Chives, or the union of the Tips. 23d. upon the ſituation of the Chives and Pointals. 24th upon the natural aſſemblages of plants is reſeanbling one another. And in all the other Claſſes not particularly ſpecified, the Orders depend upon the Number of the Pointals. RC FE: - Before we can underſtand the Characters of Genera, we muſt again conſider the different parts that enter into the ſtructure of the flowers, and learn how theſe different parts may be modified. As for inſtance, - r Cup : - as in Auricula or Polyanthus. FENCE - in Hemlock or Carrot. The CATKIN in Willow or Hazle. EMPALEMENT SHEATH in Narciſſus or Snowdrop. is either a HUSK in Oats; Wheat; or Graſſes. in Mofles. (CAR in Muſhrooms. For Bougiqhs 01 VIZI VEIL - d) IX XXI Cp XX KA и оттра ояти 1 xxviii MO 2U. 822 IPOD, vid INTRODUCTION. lol -91 For a more full explanation of theſe terms and refe- rences to the plates, examine the Gloſſary, di ot 2934191 ods afhol CONE? rOne Petal as the Lily or Polyanthus. The Yol MANY Petals as the Roſe or Tulip. BLOSSOM allora Altogether wanting as in Narrow-leaved is either to dis o lo coisasla | Dittander. For a more full explanation of the modifications of Petals and Bloſſoms ſee the Gloſſary, and likewiſe plate 4. be The CHIVES and POINTALS have been wot 6 Dial 51 ſufficiently explained before. ad zemes blava isile CAPSULE, as in Poppy and Convolvulusa in Wallflower and Honeſty. WA SHELL, - in Pea and Broom. UA SEED-VESSEL Berry, in Elder ; Gooſeberry. is either a 5 FLESHY - in Apple or Pear. PULPY in Cherry or Peach. DE 2 22 маало ( bu 23 [Cone, in Fir or Pine. 31.01 0108197 Theſe terms will be found more fully explained in the Gloſſary, and illuſtrated in plate 5. Joodsy 11079 IS braico A RECEPTACLE is either peculiar to one flower as in the Roſe, Lily, and Polyanthus; or common 10 many commentarernes flowers, as in Dandelion, Hawkweed and Artichoke. (Sce the Gloffarys) bei admin on back Sol 90 100 cdo ni - od od: Serwolt 1990lt youtstat att man PIKE Sofa Bisista PANICLES, an ishonor of BROAD-TOPPED SPIKES, BUNCHES, ITO zla Flowers may be colleåed into RUNDLES, d doldwyd STOOD tttakoon TUETS, saw beds 29 cm Wuorts, vacation CATKINS. ac 20 - ISE Rovig Spikes 2 Each INTRODUCTION. xxix XIVX a reader is like 5301309 31 Each of theſe terms may be found in the Gloſſary, Vof theſe Terms may be for where they are explained by familiar examples and refe- rences to the plates. 1 9d Sis X9 29151q ods of 290031 audzasylo? To Wis For a proper underſtanding of Compound Flowers the is likewiſe referred to the Gloſſary and to the ex- WIJSW' niego planation of the 4th plate. Tobus NO ļo Having now attained tolerably preciſe ideas of the conſtitution of Claſſes and Orders, and likewiſe of the parts upon which the Generic Chara&ters are founded ; ; let us ſelect a few inſtances of well known plants, and after inveſtigating them fyftematically, we ſhall be at no loſs to inveſtigate others that are entirely unknown. yfonoH bro nowoll RULES for INVESTIGATION. rool Firſt, When a plant offers itſelf to our inſpe&ion, the firſt thing to be determined is the Claſs to which it be- longs. This is to be done by examining the Chives, and referring to the Table of the Claſſes. Having fixed up- on that which we believe to be right, let us turn to that Claſs in the book, and if the Introduction to that Claſs gives us no reaſon to alter our opinion, we are pretty 2 certain of being ſo far right. It is beſt not to truſt to the examination of one flower only; for we ſhall ſometimes find that the number of Chives is different in different flowers upon the ſame plant. In that caſe the claſſic chara&er muſt be taken from the terminating flower. VNS 12 Second. We muſt next look how many Orders the Claſs conſiſts of; and after obferving the circumſtances by which the Orders are determined, we muſt compare theſe with the ſubject in hand. If the Order we refer it to hath any ſubdiviſions, we ſhall ſoon perceive under which XXX INTRODUCTION 10071 arnog which of the fubdiviſions we muſt expect to find the Genus. odiiw bois brut ylppoludi tón ob pop IN 191 lolaan Third. After comparing the Flowers with the dif- ferent Genera, contained in the Order, or in the parti- cular ſubdiviſion of the Order, we ſhall readily per- ceive with which of them it correſponds; and looking 159 forward to the deſcription of that Genus, if the deſcrip- tion agrees pretty exadly with our fpecimen, we con- Bon9 clude that we are now certain of the Genus. Doubt ful matters will fometimes arife ; but thefe are for the moſt part made clear by obſervations ſubjoined to SOOVITE 10 the generic deſcriptions. ali se boot Fourth. If none of the Generic Characters at the be ginning of the Claſs agree with the Flower; we muſt then look at the bottom of the Order or ſubdiviſion of the Order, and ſee what plants are noticed under it vin Italic Characters. Some of theſe muſt be the plant ; therefore looking for theſe in the index and comparing the generic deſcriptions with the ſpecimen in hand, we ſhall not only diſcover the Genus, but the circumſtance likewiſe that perplexed us. Fifth. Having now got the Genus, you will obſerve that when the Species under that Genus are numerous, they are ſubdivided. Confider then which of theſe fub- diviſions it beft agrees with, and having determined that, compare it with the ſeveral Species ; your plant muſt agree with ſome one of theſe : and if it is a Variety, you will probably find that variety mentioned. In de termining upon the Species it is not abſolutely neceſſary to read the whole of the fpecific character. The former part, printed in Roman Letters and ending with this mark is ſufficient; but the additional deſcriptions in Italies are not without their uſe. 1930 sd old.59 ៗ Sixth INTRODUCTION. xxxi a sd Sixth. Make it an invariable rule, not to paſs nover a term you do not thoroughly underfiand, without con- learns the Glodlary:/ By this means you w learn to do without conſulting it at all. his means you will very ſoon -1015C 95 TL TO BOOM 10913 og vlibror orl sw rob go tofruibda to Seventh. 20 Olbia When you gather plants for examination colle& a conſiderable number of the Flowers, and if poſſible, ſome juſt opening and others with the Seed- veſſels almoſt ripe. ads m2, duoc 2014 bib 3. Becauſe It was thought neceſſary to give a variety of examples for inveſtigation, 1. Becauſe only ſome of them are to be found at any one feafon : one ſeafon : 2. Becauſe plants common in one County are not equally common in all. the ſtudent is not fuppoſed previouſly to be acquainted with many plants, and thoſe he does know are only a few of the moſt common kind. 4. He is not defired to examine and conspare all the examples : perhaps it will be better he fhould fometimes try his ſtrength at un- known Flowers that he chances to pick up in his walks. asfees EXAMPLE I. PRIVET. The Privet is a ſhrub common enough in the hedges in many parts of England. It generally bloſſoms - in June, and its bloſſoms are white. Let us ſuppoſe a branch of it in bloſſom before us : that we are ignorant what plant it is; and are required to inveſtigate it. We look into feveral of the Blofſoms, and find two Chives in each Bloſſom. This circumſtance informs us it belongs to the ſecond Clafs. Turning to the beginning of the ſecond Claſs at page 5, we find it contains two Orders, and that the Orders depend upon the number of Pointals : there- fore looking again at the Flowers we find one Pointal in each ; ſo that our plant belongs to the firit Order of the Hixia fecond Xxxii INTRODUCTION. ſecond Claſs. This Order we find ſubdivided into four parts, and that theſe ſubdiviſions depend upon the regu- lar or irregular form of the Petal, and upon the Bloſſom being fixed above or below the Seed-bud. In our fpe- cimens the Bloſſom is one regular Petal fixed below the Seed-bud. Theſe circumſtances correſpond only with the firſt ſubdiviſion, and that fubdiviſion contains only one Genus ; ſo that there can be no doubt but the plant is Privet. We find too that the Bloſſom is cloven into four parts, and that it is ſucceeded by a Berry containing four Seeds. Looking forward therefore to Privet, No. 4. page 6. we compare it with the generic deſcription, and have the ſatisfaction to find it agree pretty exadly. As this Genus contains only one Species, we foon deter- mine that it is the Common Privet, or the Liguſtrum vulgare of Linnæus. En E XAMPLE II. REE D. Upon the of banks rivers, in wet ditches, and upon the borders of pools, the Reed is ſufficiently common. It is a fort of large Graſs, five or fix feet high and flowers in June. Having got a ſpecimen of this, we proceed to . examine it ſyſtematically. At firſt fight we obſerve that the Flowers grow in panicles, and that each Flower con- tains three Chives. We therefore turn to the beginning of the third Claſs (page 17.) and find that Claſs divided into three Orders which depend upon the number of Pointals. Each of our Flowers contains two Pointals, which brings us to the ſecond Order. This Order is di- vided into four parts. The firſt fubdiviſion contains the plants with Flowers ſcattered, or irregularly diſpoſed, one only in each Empalement. Our plant agrees with the firſt circumſtance, but not with the laſt, for we find five Flowers in each Empalement. The ſecond ſubdi- vilion 2013 INTRODUCTION. XXX111 viſion contains only two flowers in each Empalement, therefore we paſs that over, and come to the third, with ſcattered Rowers, and ſeveral in each Enpalement. Before we proceed further, we juſt look at the laſt fub diviſion, but finding the flowers without fruit-ſtalks fixed to a long toothed ſeat or Receptacle we immediately recur to the third ſub-diviſion at the top of the sgth page. This ſub diviſion 19th contains fix Genera, and we compare the Characters with the plant in hand. The want of an Awn, and the wool- lineſs at the Baſe of the Bloſſoms determines us to call it a Reed. Turning therefore to Reed (page 39) we com- pare it accurately with the Generic Deſcription, and find it correſpond with that. But as the parts conſtituting the Flowers of Graſſes are frequently very minute, we make uſe of the Botanical Microſcope and the Diſſecting Needles to diſplay them more clearly to the eye ; and likewiſe take the advantage of comparing them with the figures in the plate fronting page 33. Having determined it to be a Reed, the only difficulty remaining is to aſcer- tain the Species. We ſee that only four fpecies of Reed are natives of Great Britain; and the circumſtances of the five Florets in each Empalement added to the flexibility of the Panicle, which we had obſerved whilſt growing to be waved about with every wind, leave us no longer room to doubt that it is the Common Reed, or the Arundo Phragmitis of Linnæus. EXAMPLE III. PLANTAIN. The Plantain Flowers in June and July. It is very common in mowing Graſs, and on the ſides of roads. It is frequently fuck in the cages of Linnets and Canary C. * N.B. The Botanical Microſcope and Diſſecting Inſtruments may be had of the Publiſhers, or of the Country Bookfellers, price Seven Shillings. xxxiv INTRODUCTION. CH Canary Birds, who are fond of the feeds. Upon exté mining a ſpecimen of this, we find each Flower contains four Chives, nearly of the ſame length, and therefore we refer it to the fourth Claſs. At page 90 we find this 70 Claſs includes three Orders, dependant upon the number of Pointals. Each of our Flowers contains only one Pointal, and therefore belong to the firſt Order. This Order admits of ſeven ſub-diviſions. The ſpecimen we bave, contains Bloſſoms of one Petal ; this Petal is fixed below the Seed-bud, and there is but one Seed-veffel in each Flower. From theſe circumſtances we look for it in the fecond ſubdiviſion, and finding by cutting acroſs the Seed-veſſel, that it is divided into two cells, we call it a Plantain. At No. 45. page 76 we compare it with til moto the Generic Deſcription, and finding that agree in moſt particulars, we try to determine the ſpecies. There are shda * 1911 fix fpecies of Plantain natives of Great Britain. Theſe Species are not ſubdivided, therefore we begin with the Domomo10 firſt; the Great Plantain, but the Leaves are not egg- Ad On ſhaped; nor are the ſtalks cylindrical. The Hoary Plantain which is the ſecond, agrees pretty well : but the God Leaves are not downy, nor is the ſpike of the Flowers cylindrical. With the third Species it agrees in CSIS every 2015 particular; therefore we call it the Ribwort Plantain, or the Plantago lanceolata of Linnæus ; the Plantago angulifolia major of Bauhine ; the Plantago quinque- nervia of Gerard : the Plantago quinquenervia major ausshol of Parkinſon ; and in thoſe authors we ſhall find it de- {cribed under the reſpective names. CS 07 35191 $191 EXAMPLE IV. HONEY SUCKLE. This Plant is very common in our hedge-rows, and is very univerſally known ; but let us ſuppoſe a Foreigner who never ſaw it before, fruck with the beauty and the W 20 food ה ל . 90 12010 INTRODUCTION. XXXV 577 : the fragrance of its Bloſſoms, carrying a piece ofrit home 19 examine it. Finding five Chives in each Flower, and the Tips not united, he refers it to the fifth Claſs. They Orders in that Claſs being determined by the number of Pointals, he knows it belongs to the firſt Order, for be obſerves only one Pointal in each Flower. This Order. is fubdivided into ſeven parts. The four naked Seeds, and the rough Leaves, immediately determine him to re- ject, the firſt fub-diviſion. The bloſſom being fixed be- neath the Seed-bud, not correſponding with his Flower, he rejects the ſecond and paſſes on to the third ſubdi- vifion, where he finds L 9w all * Flowers of one Petal ; ſuperior. din ISO His Flower conſiſts of one Petal, and this Petal is doc fixed above the Seed-bud. This ſubdiviſion containing 2000 m fourGenera, he obſerves the three firſt have Capſules ; but . in the laſt the Seed-veſſel is a Berry with two Cells ; this allt duided 2010 circumſtance added to a ſmall inequality of the Bloſſom, 099, 0, 516 2017 and the Knob at the top of the Pointal, induces him to seil ,96 sono believe it to be a Honeyſuckle. He looks for No. 87 pd W3371 (p. 131) and comparing the Flower with the Generic Deſcription, is confirmed in his opinion. Under this Genus he finds two Species. At the firſt peruſal of the TOS ſpecific character, he diſcerns his plant to be the Wood- bine Honey-ſuckle, or the Lonicera periclymenum of 9рп. Linnæus, busi 10[em -9b bu id EXAMPLE V. CARRO T. OVS FOTOMT 1957b bsdino) We ſelect this as an example of the Umbelliferous or Rundle-bearing plants, (See the introduction to the 5th Claſs.) bre The five Chives with Tips not united, and the two , Pointals evident in each Floret; determine us 10, look bus in:50 for 99 OSCH 19 C2 si xxxvi INTRODUCTION. 1 for it in the ſecond Order of the sth Clafs. This Order admits of four ſubdiviſions, 1. Flowers of one Petal: bes neath. But our plant hath five Petals; therefore we go to the 2d, Flowers of five Petals ; beneath. The Florets in hand have five Petals, but the Petals are not placed bes neath the Seed-bud. The third fabdiviſion contains im perfe& Flowers, or Flowers without Bloſſoms ; but our Florets have Bloſſoms compoſed of five Petals ; there- fore we proceed to the * * ** Flowers of five Petals; ſuperior, and two Seeds : In RUNDLES. All theſe circumſtances agreeing with the plant before us, we muſt look for it here, but obſerving that this ſubdiviſion of the Order is farther divided into plants that have the Fence both general and partial; into plants with the Fence only partial; and into Plants without any Fence; we examine the ſpecil men, and find a Fence to each Rundle and likewiſe à Fence to each Rundlet. The unequal ſize of the Petals); the winged Fence, and the prickly Seeds, agreeing with No. 109 Carrot, we turn to that Genus. Finding our plant agree with the Generic Deſcription, and only one Species under that Genus, we know it to be the wild Carrot, or the Daucus Carota of Linnæus, tot 2ον Ο. EXAMPLE VI. CUCKOW-FLOWER. bristols gw brol stolo sits 27 White or Red Campion; Batchelors Buttons: Lychnis. Jt grows wild in woods and Ditch-banks, flowering in June and July. After examining ſeveral of the Flow- 901 ers and finding ten Chives in each, and the Threads not 23 united ; obſerving too no Veſtige of any Pointals, we dow' begin to ſuſpect that it belongs either to the twenty-firſt Claſs, where the Chives and Pointals are contained in pot 900 ſeparate Flowers; or to the twenty-ſecond Claſs where the 100 WON 1 Chives and Pointals are found not only in ſeparate Flow- Do budyb99c @rs, but theſe Flowers grow upon diftin& Plants. In this dilemma obs INTRODUCTION. xxxvii 1180 DW DIO 5237 dilemma we go to the place where the Plant was gather- ed, and after examining ſeveral, a at, dength find that the Flowers containing Chives, and the Flowers containing Pointals grow upon diſtina Plants. We therefore turn to the twenty-ſecond Claſs, and finding the Orders of that Clafs founded upon the number of Chives, we look for it in the ninth Order, as the Flowers of that Order are ſaid to contain ten Chives. But this Order contains only the names of two plants in Italic Characters. By the de Diredion of the fourth rule for inveſtigation, we ſearch for theſe two plants, and find at page 270 the Ge- neric Deſcription of the Cuckow-flower agreeing exactly with our ſpecimen, except in the circumſtance of the Chives and Pointals being in diſtinct Flowers. This excep- tion however is noticed in the obſervations ſubjoined to the Generic Defcription, and we find our plant to be the third Species, called the Campion Cuckow-flower. det 96,ab TUO E XAMPLE VII CRAB-TRE E. Бсь с по bois own sia bli Finding about twenty Chives in each Bloſſom, we turn to the twelfth Claſs, which is the Claſs of twenty Chives. The Introduction to this Clafs informs us that the number of Chives alone will not diſtinguiſh it from the preceding and enſuing Claſs : we therefote attend to the direcions there delivered, and finding in our plant that the Cup is formed of a ſingle concave Leaf;a that wa 1000 the Petals are fixed to the Gides of the Cup, and that the Chives do not fland upon the Receptacle, we conclude ow 16t that we have claſſed it right; and ſeeing each Flower 110- furniſhed with five Pointals, we look for the Genus under the fourth Order. This Order contains three Genera, 99 In the lowermoft Genus the Cup is fixed below the WOLG916 Seed-bud, but in our Plant it is above the Seed-bod. ADOO W von 2 vols alonta So 05 0.26 DI LOL id € 3 XXXV11 INTRODUCTION. that our and So far it correſponds with the two firſt Genera. The Cup being cloven into five parts, and the Bloſſom being compoſed of five Petals, are circumſtances common to both. But the Fruit of the firſt is a Berry, containing five Seeds, and the fruit of the ſecond is an Apple with five cells and many Seeds. Hence it appears plant is undoubtedly the Apple, No. 203 ; and turning to the generic deſcription at page 295, we are confirmed in this opinion. We next compare it with the only two Britiſh Species, and ſoon perceive that we have got the Crab apple, or the Pyrus Malus of Linnæus. y to ideob 21967) ON EXAMPLE VIII. CROWFO O T..a The beautiful ſhining yellow Bloſſoms of Crowfoot, the frequency of it in paſtures in the months of June and July, will probably attract our notice ; eſpe- cially as cattle leave it untouched, even when the paſture is bare. We therefore collect ſome of it; and finding a great number of Chives in each Bloſſom, we refer it to the Claſs of many Chives. The Introduction to this Claſs tells us, that the Chives ſtand upon the Receptacle and not upon the Cup. As this appears to be the caſe, we next examine the pointals, and finding them more than can readily be counted, we refer to the 7 th Order of many Pointals. This Order includes eight Genera. The fix firſt that occur have no Cup; but our Flower has a Cup a of five Leaves. It is clear then that it muſt be either No. 228, or No. 229. Upon an accurate examination we obſerve the Honey-cup at the claw of each Petal, and therefore turn to the generic defcription of the Crowfoot; page 330. Quite ſatisfied about the Genus, we obferve the Species are numerous, and arranged according as HODOU the Leaves are divided, or not divided. In our ſpecimen the Leaves are divided. We then compare it with each of the Species, and find it to be the upright Crowfoot, or the Ranunculus Acris of Linnæus. 9.90 oll TO Od ? EXAM - INTRODUCTION. 1. XXXix AT ſubdiviſions, founded odTY995 Ahtow or drivibaoclərin d EXAMPLE IX.I ARCHANGELO 01. formou 290rdlce 10 uke si To bylortorios Oriwhite or red Deadnettle. It grows every where upon ditch-banks, amongſt rubbiſh, and in orchards. naderogations mp Upon opening the Bloſſom we find four Chives, and as two of the Chives are conſiderably longer than the other en two, we expect to find it in the 14th Claſs. After reading the Introduction to that Claſs, we have no doubt of having claſſed it right. We then obſerve that the two Orders in this Claſs are characteriſed from the Seeds being naked, or covered. naked, or covered. In our ſpecimen we find four naked Seeds at the bottom of the Cup; ſo that it belongs to the firſt Order. This Order admits of two upon the clefts of the Cup; ourplant arranging under Cups with five Clefts, we carefully com- pare it with each of the generic characters; and after Come difficulty ; guided by the briſtle-ſhaped tooth on ne cach fide the lower lip of the Bloſſom ; we pronounce Mom it to be Archangel, No. 237, We ſhall get but little further information from the Generic Deſcription ; for bo this Claſs being a natural aſſemblage of plants greatly reſembling each other, the Generic Differences are not very obvious. Upon reading the characers of the three Britiſh Species, we are ſoon determined by the taper- pointed, heart-ſhaped Leaves, to call it the White Arch- angel, or the Lamium Album of Linnæus. OVI TOO 6199 EUUD 200!! on avaldo OEXAMPLE X. WALLFLOWER 10199 This plant is very generally known. It grows wild e gab upon old walls, and is frequently cultivated in gardens 900 178519 Carefully remove the Empalement and the Petals, and you will find fix Chives; two of which are ſhorter CLC 4 Bulan than C4 2003 -MAKI 19 ; 31 CICIO 9tda INTRODUCTION. OT Os CISCO bisthaniebe other four. It belongs etherefore to the fifteenth L! Claſs. The Orders of this Clafs depend upon theform of the Seed-veffet; and after examining the ſpecimen, you fefer it to the firſt ſubdiviſion of the ſecond Order ; for the Sced-veſſel is long, and the Leaves of the Cup ſtand upright and cloſe to the Blolfom. It is poffible you muſt diſſect ſeveral Flowers before you can aſcertain the Ge- nus ; for this Claſs is compoſed of a natural affemblage of plants, whoſe Flowers bear a ſtrong reſemblance to 0 each other, and the differences when this is the caſe, are not very obvious. obvious. At length however, the fmall glan- dular ſubſtance on each fide the baſe of the Seed bud RIO determines you to refer it to No. 272, Wall-flower. Up- 3209 on a compariſon with the Generic Deſcription at page 401, you find it accurately deſcribed ; and the ſhape of the Leaves puts it beyond a doubt that it is the yellow DORIS Wall-flower, or the Cheiranthus Cheiri of Linnæus. varoid realis AS 97 Ε Χ Α Μ Ρ Σ Ε ΧΙ. MARSHMALLOW. Les cft TE ESTO NO It naturally grows in falt marihes, but 999 upon account of its medical uſes it is cultivated in moſt gardens, and 19.31 is pretty generally known. Doe moord LOGO dot Upon examining the Flower, we find the Chives nue, merous, and the Threads all united at the Bafe. Recol- Ords · Teating that this circumftance characteriſes the Flowers of the ſixteenth Claſs, we find the Orders in that Clafs depend upon the number of Chives ; and obferving that the Flowers before us contain more than ten Chives, o we muſt expect to find the plant in the Order of many bria Chives. The three Genera contained in that Order *99 nearly reſemble each other; but the outer Cup being Y cloven into nine parts, we muſt ſuppoſe it No. 287. Under that Genus at page 430, we find only one Species, and 3d SD DIY939 SA DIS SATI as INTRODUCTION. is 210 30 9.00 dias our plants agrees both in the generic deſcription and in the ſpecific charader, We pronounce it to be the common U Marſhmallow, or the Althæa Oficinalis of Linnæus. 101 1910 ba? ono olvibdi.otti islar brofiyadi, bos home od EXAMPLE XII. BROOM. JIO 10 3111 du gira CIES From the appearance of the Chives, which are all united by the Threads, we ſhould be at a loſs whether to expect this plant in the fixteenth or in the ſeventeenth Claſs; but the butterfly-ſhape of the Bloſſom, determines us to the latter. After reading the Introduction to that Claſs (at page 431) we obſerve that the Orders depend U 19 upon the number of Chives. The Flowers of our plant 698 contain ten Chives ; and as the Threads are all united, 10 sq.m. 2011 Pole we are at no loſs to ſee, that it belongs to the first fub- diviſion of the fourth Order. We now compare it with the Generic Characters ; but as the Gencra of this Claſs are a natural aſſemblage, and from their fimilarity admit of one general Natural Character, the differences betwixt each Genus muſt depend upon minute circumſtances, and therefore demand a good deal of attention. At length we perceive than it can be no other than the Broom, No. 290. Comparing it therefore with the Ge- neric Deſcription (page 440) and fill further confirmed 200 To by the character of the ſpecies, we pronounce it to be the commom Broom, or the Spartium Scoparium of Linnæus. GELTO 2019 165ds Asted at 393x1 silsio gaivis E XAMPLE XIII.DANDELION. 29v1d motor 030 27ort 1503 Fodor This plant is in bloſſom during great part of the 195 ſpring and ſummer; it grows in paſtures, road-ldes, and garethe uncultivated parts of gardens. At the firſt viewwe per- 19beceive its ſtructure to be very different from any we have bos examined before, we hardly know what to call Chives DIO, tys 219 V Or xlii INTRO DUO TIO N. SFIT CX9 0120d 19 tel 9 di 101925V 50 lliw al or what Pointals. The fa&t is this; this is a true com- DIN 215 pound lower, or a flower formed of a number of flowers 191bn uni bos fitting upon one common Receptacle, and incloſed by iw one common Empalement. Turning to COMPOUND Flowers and FLORETs in the Gloſſary, and reading the explanation of Compound Flowers in the fourth plate, we foon attain a true idea of the matter; and there- fore ſeparating one of the Florets and examining it care- fully, we find five Chives with the Tips united, and the Pointal paſſing through the cylinder formed by the union of the Tips. We therefore refer it to the nineteenth Claſs. By reading the Introduction to that Claſs, we underſtand ſtill more clearly the nature of Compound Flowers and the Florets that compoſe them. We learn too how the Orders are conſtituted ; and upon examin. ing the Flower before us, and finding that all the Florets are furniſhed with Chives and Pointals, we perceive that it belongs to the firſt Order. From the ſhape of the Blof- ſoms of the Florets, which are all long and narrow, we know that we muſt look in the firſt ſubdiviſion of that Or- der. Perceiving, that the Receptacle is an important affair in the character of theſe fort of Flowers, we pull off all the Florets in one of the Flowers, and expoſe the Receptacle to view. We find it naked; that is not beſet with chaffy or brilly ſubſtances. We find too a downy Feather ad- hering to the Seeds; and obſerve the Scales of the Em. palement flexible. Theſe charaders correſpond with no otber genus but Dandelion No. 312. Therefore we look for the generic deſcription (p. 482) and comparing it with the Flower, experience a pleaſing ſatisfaction from their accurate agreement. There are four ſpecies of this genus natives of Great-Britain ; we read the ſpecific characters, and find our plant to be the common Dande- lion, or the Leontodon Taraxacum of Linnæus. and to brainwadi we 0 19volb von 107 It INTRODUCTION. xlii 000 32793 It will be very proper for the learner thus to examine 03 962 ir 37.33502 JAW 20 ſeveral more Genera of this Claſs; as the Burdock, the 19 Wali 10.750 19 WON DUOSE. Thiſtle, the Tanfy, the Daiſie and the Groundſel ; for by 3.6305 TOOD TOP3 this means he will ſoon overcome every difficulty. NUOMOS 01 We are at firſt ſurprized to find the Violet, and other fimple Flowers, in the ſame Claſs with the compound Flowers ; but we foon recollect that the claſſic chara&er is not taken from the appearance of the Bloſſoins, but from the circumſtance of the Tips being UNITED. Oro us yd no By paying a proper attention to the nature of com- pound Flowers, we foon learn to diſtinguiſh them from double Flowers : and when by accident or cultivation any of the true compound Flowers become double, we ſhall always find it depends upon the multiplication of fome of the parts, and the excluſion of others. Het gan SY EXAMPLE XIV. CUCKOW PINT. Iran Not unfrequent in ftiff foils. It generally grows in fhady places; in roughs and at hedge bottoms. It is fometimes called Wake robin, or Lords and Ladies. It flowers in May.lako no aitor modo di glod 150 ON W91 - There is ſomething ſo very peculiar and unuſual in the ſtructure of this Flower, that we find ourſelves altogether at a loſs how to ſet about the inveſtigation of it. What ſhall we call this purpliſh long ſubſtance that ſtands up right within the Empalement ? We remove the fheath- ing Empalement to examine the lower part of it, and there we find it furrounded by the Seed-buds. It muſt therefore be a fort of Fruit-ſtalk, or an elongated Re- ceptacle. Upon a cloſer inſpection we obſerve a number of hair-like Fibres or Threads, but without Tips. We now diſcover ſomething like Tips without Threads, and from 20 xliv INTRODUCTION from their fituation we begin to think the plant belongs perhaps to the twentieth Claſs. As the Tips are nu- merous and the Orders depend upon the number of Chives, we look for it in the Order of many Chives, where we find two Genera; and from their characters we think it moſt likely to be the Cuckowpoint No. 355 ; but we are by no means certain. We turn therefore to that Ge- nus (p. 552) and here we feel every doubt diſpelled. The generic deſcription, the ſpecific character, and the ob ſervations, all conſpire to identify the plant before us and we congratulate ourſelves that we were not puzzled by any common circumſtance. THƯ TỈ 1: 51 5 Toad tegid ng ano ylero Ord The firſt Order in this Claſs requires a particular exa- mination, and if we know the Orchis, or any other Ge- nus contained therein, it will be well to compare it with the deſcriptions. The Orchis is frequent in moiſt clayey foils : it bears large Spikes of purplish Flowers wand • bloſſoms in April, May June and July. Baisgille EXAMPLES XV. . caloidal shoirts 01 yo9 The Birch is a tree.common enough in Great Britain, and very generally known. The Flowers are diſpoſed in Catkins; ſome of the Catkins are compoſed of Florets which contain only Chives, but we find others upon the fame tree, whoſe Florets contain only Pointals. This circumſtance makes us refer it to the twenty-firſt Claſs. As each of the barren Flórets contains four Chives, we look for it in the fourth Order. The Catkins, and the number of Flowers or Florets in each ſcale correſpond- ing with our ſpecimen; we ſuppoſe it the Birch, No. 365: We turn forward to that number, and the generic deſcrip- tion at page 576, confirms our fuppoſition, The Species are two, but the ſhape of the leaves directs us to call our plant the White Birch, or the Betula alba of Linnæus. Ε Χ Α Μ- · BIRCH. INTRODUCTION. sly ES 29 oledne XAMPLE. XVI. HOP. 119dt oft II 916 2.1 + A 2 down w do 25 mg 2 The Hop flowers in June. It grows common in the hedges in many parts of England, though cultivated in few.dogy a fost od moto owi bu sw swoude: n oqevolo su VI ftom ir 9 We examine many of the Flowers and find five Chives in each, but no appearance of Pointals. We believe there- fore that the Chives and Pointals grow upon diflin&t plants, and accordingly turn to the twenty-ſecond Claſs. As we have five Chives in each Flower and the Tips not united, we find it in the fifth Order. That Order containing only one Genus, there can be no room for doubt. We therefore call it Hop, No. 383. The generic defcription at page 611 correſponds; and if we afterwards meet with a plant bearing only fertile Flowers, we find that de- ſcribed likewiſe. There is only one Species, viz. the Brewer's Hop, or the Humulus lupulus of Linnæus. The plants of the twenty-third Claſs are inveſtigated nearly in the ſame manner; ſo that particular illuſtrations of that Claſs would be unneceſſary. The common Aſh, and the yellow Croſs-wort are frequent enough, and ea- fily attainable, ſo that the ſtudent may take theſe as ex- amples upon which to exerciſe his fill. w aid elania na St003 2 Tol nou ut vz] It ſtill remains to ſay ſomething of the twenty-fourth Claſs. The plants in this Claſs are not arranged like the dther parts of the ſyſtem, and therefore cannot be invelli- gated in the ſame manner. They are divided into four natural aſſemblages, FERNS, Mosses, Thongs, and FUNGUSSES. Theſe partake of nothing in common, that can with propriety bring them into the fame Claſs, un- Refs it be the difficulty of diſcerning their minute and in- 2001 I lo zdl. confpi- If & I. I xlvi INTRODUCTION.. conſpicuous Flowers. The generic and ſpecific charaa ters being taken from their general external appear- ance, we can only recommend a careful peruſal of the Introduction to the Claſs, and an intimate acquaintance with the terms. This being done, there will be no great difficulty in aſcertaining the Species. I AFTER conducting my Pupils in this familiar man- ner through the different parts of the Syſtem, they no longer fand in need of my alliſtance. They find them- ſelves equal to the inveſtigation of every unknown Bri- tiſh plant that comes before them. But this is not all; They will find that the Study of Nature is ever attended with pleaſing reflections; that the Study of Botany in particular, independant of its immediate uſe, is as healthful as it is innocent. That it beguiles the tediouſ- neſs of the road, and furniſhes amuſement at every foot- ſtep of the folitary walk. syns de I cannot bid them a more cordial farewel, than by wiſhing they may experience in this purſuit, a pleafure equal to that felt by y si Parow dron o istegorri obrib garwollbl 90 The AUTHOR. May 22, 1776. si og hold melanova 91 ct on hoopis zuol 2-dən adgis wide Biowisdom elabla 3 The Author will thankfully reccive any communications that can tend to render this book more perfect; and in caſe the public evert 1 cells for a ſecond edition, ſuch new facts or obſervations as occurb Jball be inſerted, with ſuitable acknowledgements. o lu249TIO o los do do Isda fydonlasbro dasla owadwo toneelsestol alami 31 degi. boworolada saw buovo: watot smo gobbelt to DIREC Ci tono ng 29 பா BIRMINGHAM, SI SIC IS и от(x1vііі рят их serbro pitiaogi bab itu og srTera I 21 0wiqlo -149996 Isntaix (1999 1998 ingil tools gaisd 250 nisupus gimine 21 toiBuboral Om d 91901: 900 miad 2011 ono Stotis DIRECTIONS 900 lles 2x - Er zelimistelut your bod boto om vodíly FOR Sot - 90thri yor 30 od wwonine 5 Litov DRYING and PRESERVING bstr. 315. ISVS STK yasiga 70 vbord Oh girib SPECIMENS of PLANTS. 03 oy1979 te. to ask ANY methods have been deviſed for the preſerva- tion of plants ; we ſhall relate only thoſe that have been found moſt ſucceſsful. 45129 vis gaidi 19 Supe Firſt prepare a preſs, which a workman will make by the following directions. Take two planks, of a wood not liable to warp. The planks muſt be two inches thick, eighteeen inches long, and twelve inches broad. Get four male, and four female ſerews ; ſuch as are commonly uſed for ſecuring fath win- ; dows. Let the four female ſcrews be let into the four corners of one of the planks, and correſponding holes made through the four corners of the other plank for the male ſcrews to paſs through, ſo as to allow the two planks to be ſcrewed tightly together. It will not be amiſ to face the bearing of the male ſcrews upon the wood, with iron plates ; and if the iron plates went acroſs from corner 3 xlviii DIRECTIONS for drying corner to corner of the wood, it would be a good ſecurity againſt the warping. Secondly, get half a dozen quires of large ſoft ſpongy paper; ſuch as the fationers call Bloſſom blotting paper, ; is the belt ; and a few ſheets of ſtrong paſte-board. a The plants you wiſh to preſerve ſhould be gathered in a dry day, after the ſun hath exhaled the dew ; taking particular care to collect them in that ſtate wherein their generic and ſpecific characters are moſt conſpicuous. Carry them home in a tin box nine inches long, four inches and a half wide ; and one inch and a half deep. Get the box made of the thinneſt tinned iron that can be procured ; and let the lid open upon hinges. If any thing happens to prevent the immediate uſe of the fpe- cimens you have collected, they will be kept freh two or three days in this box, much better than by putting them in water. When you are going to preſerve them fuffer them to lie upon a table until they become limber, and then they ſhould be laid upon a paſte-board, as much as poſſible in their natural form; but at the ſame time with a particular view to their Generic and Specific cha- ra&ters. For this purpoſe it will be adviſeable to ſeparate one of the flowers and to diſplay the generic character. If the ſpecific charaâer depends upon the flower or upon zhe root, a particular diſplay of that will be likewiſe ne- ceſſary. When the plant is thus diſpoſed upon the paſtea board, cover it with eight or ten layers of ſpongy paper, and put it into the preſs. Exert only a ſmall degree of preſſure for the firſt two or three days; then examine it, unfold any unnatural plaits, reâify any miſtakes, and , after putting freſh paper over it, ſcrew the preſs harder. In about three days more, ſeparate the plant from the pafte-board, if it is ſufficiently firm to allow of a change of INTRODUCTION. xlis of place; put it upon a freſh paſteboard, and covering it with freſh bloſſom-paper, let it remain in the preſs a few days longer. The preſs ſhould fand in the fun-fhine, or within the influence of a fire. a When it is perfe&ly dry, the uſual method is to fafton it down with paſte or gum water, on the right hand inner page of a ſheet of large ſtrong writing-paper. It requires - ſome dexterity to glue the plant neatly down, ſo that none of the gum or paſte may appear to defile the paper. Preſs it gently again for a day or two, with a half ſheet of bloſſom-paper betwixt the folds of the writing- paper. When it is quite dry, write upon the left hand inner page of the paper, the name of the plant; the fpe- cific character; the place where, and the time when it was found; and any other remarks you think proper. Upon the back of the fame page, near the fold of the pa. per, write the name of the plant, and then place it in your cabinet. A ſmall quantity of finely powdered ar. ſenic, or corroſive fublimate, is uſually mixed with the pafte or gum water, to prevent the devaſtations of inſes ; but the ſeeds of Staves-acre finely powdered, will anſwer the ſame purpoſe, without being liable to corrode or to change the colour of the more delicate plants. Some people pur the dried plants into the ſheets of writing- paper, without faſtening them down at all; and others , only faften them by means of ſmall flips of paper, paſted acrofs the ftem or branches. In the twenty-fourth Claſs fome of the Genera contain a great number of ſpecies ; where this is the cafe, and the ſpecimens are ſmall, ſeve- Tal of them may be put into one ſheet of paper. 3 Another more expeditious method is to take the plants out of the preſs, after the firſt or ſecond day ; let them remain upon the paſteboard ; cover them with five or fix d leaves INTRODUCT HON. ng 5. gas 211 219.b M leaves of bloſſom paper, and iron them with a hot {moothing iron, until they are perfedly dry. If the iron is too hot it will change the colours ; but ſome people, taught by long practice, will ſucceed very happily. This is quite the beſt method to treat the Orchis and other flimny mucilaginous plants. I toleiboogia rolagus Another method is to take the plants, when frem thered, and inſtead of putting them into the preſs, im- mediately to faften them down to the paper with firong gum-water : then dip a camel-hair pencil into fpirit var- nifh, and varniſh the whole ſurface of the plant two or three times over. This method fucceeds very well with plants that are readily laid flat, and it preſerves their co- lours better than any other. The ſpirit varniſh is made tbus. To a quart of highly rectified ſpirit of wine, put five ounces of gum ſandarach; two ounces of maftich in drops; one ounce of pale gum elemy and one ounce of oil of ſpike lavender. Let it ſtand in a warm place, and , fhake it frequently to expedite the folution of the gums. . been WT 112X Where no better convenience can be had, the fpeci- mens may be diſpoſed ſyſtematically in a large folio book; ; but a vegetable cabinet is upon all accounts more eligible. In plate the XII, you have a ſection of a cabinet, in the ube ought to be made, for containing a compleat colle&ion of Britiſh plants. By the allilance of this drawing, and the adjoining ſcale, a wor a workman will readily make one. The drawers muſt have backs and fides, but no other front than a ſmall ledge. Each drawer will be fourteen inches wide, and ten inches from the back to the front, after allowing half an inch for the thickneſs of the two fides, and a quarter of an inch for the thickneſs of the back. The ſides of the drawers, in the part next the front, muſt be ſloped off in a ſerpen- Sony true proportions it ought to be 10 line INTRODUCTION li S SW. tine line, ſomething like what the workmen call anºogee! The bottom of the drawers must be made to hide in grooves cut in the uprights, ſo that no ſpace may be loft betwixt drawer and drawer.." After allowing a quarter of an inch for the thickneſs of the bottom of each draw- er, the clear perpendicular ſpace in each muſt be as in the following table. Stables shoot those vodio 1. Two tenths of an inch. XIII. Two inches and four II. One inch and two ob stenths., valgib st . III. Four inches and fix XIV. Three inches and eight Fotentinches es and fix tenths. 30 Owt tenths.no as XV. Three inches and four IV. Two inches and three tenths. tenths. XVI. One inch and three - V. Seven inches and eight DIR tenths. imlo abam zi tenths.titit XVII. Two inches and eight VI. Two inches and two tenths. tu ya tenths. XVIII, Six tenths of an inch. VII. Two tenths of an inch. XIX. Ten inches. do . VIII. One inch and four XX. One inch and nine tenths. tenths. brix. Two tenths of an inch. XXI. Four inches and four 2X. Two inches and eight back of tenths. Hun tenths. XXII. Two inches and fix XI. One inch and two tenths. novca tenths. XII. Three inches and five XXIII. One inch and two . . 1008 tenths, tenths. Smena oldigils to 210100 SRE XXIV. Seventeen inches, ud 9dipides lois ved novios atsigal This cabinet ſhuts up with two doors in front, and the uront, ammo whole ſtand upon a baſe, containing a few drawers, for the reception of duplicates and and papers. iwath aids to ટ dood gvoll funketaverb AT 900 silam ylibsorly dossybol llori sdt toon odio ombud 200 bus srofil du ogt he alwadori (optio ad litove 91 ol som tegniwo zosto 2011 sty of food and slain 70 EDITGUD D'babil ons ook zubill over 1219 7.b sto robil mondodijo aloid grou ad darito W SISE .6 1OSTS agoon a a hole may elsud 915) fi sa lo by a И І mis A B B R E VIA TIO NST 2 In the GENERIC Characters. a casida po vsi doiro) B. Biennial. 197 B. Flowers without Pointals. B12 391T plodA F, Flowers without Chives. H. Flowers with Chives and Pointals. s rastotd A dilolisi mardisildA In the SPECIFIC Characters, 203musitnog A. Annual. 934 202 stigley P. Perennial. 002 de midtbA S. A Shrub or a Tree, to ancha 600 stativ ១១និង២ (11) LA 09024 .890 eum 82 qolin 10aria as biomond 1.8882 monstrom 181 CMT IS Odoo . 24 ratusvis stosTA. Pri nudistidanti-odorso CT 2288915 obtien 80p op pauoitega op zinging Os peligosion 0:0 inglov - putstigib Tellida ods woodyan Ste ponio A ATT SETdorten 002 ET has sa Shalobe ano 80 zolaislum -88 izliegt ATT 307 2 012219 anlorog Tebing PUNA liii) I N DE X. - The Engliſh Genera are expreſſed in Capitals, the Latin Generic names in Italic, and the Synonyms in Roman Characters - Abele Tree, 614. ADDERSTONGUE, 647 Abies, 593 Adiantum, 654. Abrotanum campeſtre, 504. Adiantum, 653, 655 Abſinthium latifolium, 505, album, 648. marinum, 504. majus, 655. ponticum, 505 nigrum, 653 ſeriphicum, 504 petræum, 655. vulgare, 505. verum, 655 Acanthium album, 500. Adonis, 334 vulgare, 500. Adonis flower, 334. Acer, 628. - . hortenſis, 334 Acer campeſtris, 629. Adoxa, 238. majus, 628. Ægilops, 626. minus, 629. Ægilops, 58. montanum, 628. bromoides, 59 Acetoſa arvenſis, 219, Ægopodium, 181. cambro-britannica, 219. Æthuja, 172. minor, 219 Agaricus, 755. pratenſis, 219. Agaricus, 767, 768. vulgaris, 219 coriaceus, 765 Achillea, 527 digitatus, 772 Acinos, 361. 264. intybaceus, 766. Acorus, 209. membranaceus, 7740 Acorus adulterinus, 23. meſentericus, 773 paluſtris, 23. multiplex, 768, verus, 210, parvus, 766. 774. Acroſtichum, 628. poroſus, 767, Aftea, 317 putridus, 774. Agaricus, liv INI DI EM X! Aira, 453 Alcea, 429 PORTA Agaricus quernus, 17651,11766. All feed, Ig tolooidto ninsuA villoſus, 766.4768.773. Alni effigie, 29r. *V184 Agrifolium, 88. anregluv Alnus, 57722 rechtsamer Agrimonia, 277. & ilqA nigra, 133 iblob syna AGRIMONY, 277. zasad rotundifolia, podmA 577 Agrimony, Dutch, 501 vulgaris, ibid. (***94«A Hemp, 501. CA Aloe, water, 324. vesh - leaft water, 503. Alopecurus, 37. ei logaria -trifid, 503 Alopecurus, 37. 63.ups whole-leaved, 503 Alfinaſtrium, 239.469101 water, 501.igorous. Alunanthemos, 222. malda A Agroftemma, 269. 1991. Allinc, 187.00 platebe ( Ayroſtis, 41. nilah Alfine, 10. 256, 257 266. Agroſtis, 43. bigoliupA 263, 269. 351. Do - alpina, 257. wetlobe A Ajuge, 348. aquatica, 213. 256.258. Aizoon fcorpioides, 264. 268. chæmädry folia, 10. IMA ИА. tenuifolia, 4.9. dosta fontana, 258. 33totAtt.. -- vulgaris, 429. hederacea, 10. 258.38A Alchemilla, 84.'. hirſuta, 267, 268. Alchemilla, 85AHOVA littoralis, 256 alpina, 83. eyeon longifolia, 258. maig major, ibid. major, 268. OSOVA Alder, black-berry bearing, marina, 256.13 pouring A. 123. siroting maritima, 198, dilan A common, 577.Chitige media, 188. 1client Alehoof, 340.TAROSTA- minima, 256.hitstoof ALEXANDERS, 178. - minor, ibid.tariat Alga, 554: 736 742. 747. montana, 258. she anguſtifolia, 554.18 paluftris, 3. 213. 2061 bombycina, 747 A . latifolia, 737. VONIA- marina, 738.4-1OSSIA recta, 10. absolut maritima, 734. HA Aliſma, 220. 09 9 ſcandens, 259 ALKANET, 109.19794 fpuria, 375. Oas Alkapet baſtard, 104 or tenuifolia, 257.50 Allgood, 144. bagus bites triphyllos, 10. isliti ALLHEAL, 1352.v pimenta viſcoſa, 267, DA Allheal clowns, 355.0 vulgaris, 188. Vio , Alliaria, 400. A Alfinella, 89. Allium, 201. do Alfinoides, ŠG. Allium, ibid. montiewobous A Althæa, 430. campefire, 202. Althæa Diofcoridis, 450. holmenſe, 20.1.1 AREA Ibiſcus; ibid. fylveſtre, 2020 vulgaris, ibid. 46 urfinum, ibid.uy A Amanita dura, 760. Amanita A parva, 68. pufilla, 25762099301A rotundifolia, 213 da A , INDE I X. lv nesisyfor Amanita orbicularis, 759.A -minima, 81001p toimega parya, 763 sigifts inlA -- paluſtris, 80. tolliv Amaranthits, 5 So. A vulgaris, 8). silotiv A. Amara dulcis, ibirlo via នៗ gict Aphaca, 448. viktig Ambroſia campeſtris, 394. Aphanes, 87-8 YAQMUIDA Anacampſeros, 263.615. Apium, 182.010 Vording AS Anagallis. ill. 19189 SotA Apium, 182.02 TasH 8 Anagallis, ibid. 112. svipalet -- paluſtre, i !d. aquatica, 8, 9. 127** A petræuin, 165. lutea, 112. TA PARA -- vulgare, 182. Anblatum Cordi, 368. A Aponogiton aquaticum, 563. Anchuſa, 109 APPLE2 95. Birgitte Anchufa degener, 104. Aquilegia, 323. Airdromeda, 247.0 09 Aquilegia, ibid. wory Androlæmum hirſutum, 467. montana, 324. maximun, 466. fimplex, 323. vulgare, ibid. ſylveſtris, ibid. monsin ANEMONE, 328. Arabis, 404 08 Anemone, ibid. Beho Arachus, 463. loties - Anemone, mountain wood, 329 Aracus, 451. stylov nemorum, ibid. Arbutus, 248. nemoroſa, ibid.nl ARCHANGEL, 350.91 Anethun, 18o. silotigo Archangel, yellow, 353 ANGELICA, 170. Aretium, 495. Angelica, ibid. Arenaria, 256. od bil Angelica ſylveſtris, 170. 187. Argemone, 314. -ESE Anonis, 444:1 sibarn Argentina, 307. OBLETY --- maritima, 445 ARGENTINE, 499. corslA ſpinoſa, 444. onim Argyrocome, 509. WAXIJA Anthemis, 525. Simon Aria Theophraſti, 291. s Anthericum, 205. toleo Armeriæ fpecies, 255 Anthoceros, 702., Vig Armerius pratenfis, 270. Anthoceros, ibid. atting . ARROWGRASS, 215. Anthoxanthum, 16. mars ARROWHEAD, 5810T Anthyllis, 442.qibouton Arſinart, 235. SMUTTETH Anthyllis leguminoſa, ibid. pale, 236. Drill lentifolia, 256. perennial, 235!VAZIJA maritima, 198. 256. Ipotted or dead, 236. TA Antirrhinam, 377.dan Artemiſza, 504. booglla Antirrhinum anguſtifolium,381 Artemiſia vulgaris, sool A: arvenſe, 379, 381. Arum, 552. Ob sodi raajus, ibid. Arum vulgare, 553 steill.2. minimum, 379. bious Arundo, 59. minus, 381.na Arundo vallatoria, ibid. muilta purpureum, ibid. vulgaris, ibid. fylveſtre, 379. 331. ASARABACCA, 275.4 Aparine, 80, 81. art glav Aſarum, ibid. autorius D'acor Afarum vulgare, ibid. Alcyron, lævis, 80. att major, 108. lvi 1 NDEX. - Baccharis monſpelienfium, 507 Afeyron, 466, 467. fupinum, 403. Bald or Bawd-money, 185. ASH, 634. Ballota, 357. Afh mountain, 293. Ballota, 357 Alweed, 181. Balm Baltard, 365. Balmleaf, 365 Alp, 614. Aſparagus, 208. Balſamine, 537: Balſamine feu lutea, 537 Aſparagus, 208. ſativus, 208. Baneberries, 317. Barbarea, 400. Aſpen Tree, 614. Barba capri, 297 Alperugº, 107. BARBERRY, 199. Aſperula, S2. Aſperula repens, 82 Bardana major, 495, ASPHODEL, 205. minor, 579 Afphodel Lancaſhire or baſtard, vulgaris, 495. BARLEY, 63 205. Scottiſh, 206. Barley wall marine, 64. Aſphodelus bulboſus, 207 Bartſia, 369. Lancaſtria, 205. BASIL, 364. Bafil wild, 361. Aſplenium, 652. Aſplenium viride, 654. great, 304 Batchelors Buttons, 271, After, 324. After arvenfis. 516. Bearsfoot, 327, maritimus, 515, 524• Beccabunga, 8. Aſtragalus, 452. BEECH, 585. Aſtragalus incanus, 453. BELT, 147 BETHLEMSTAR, 206. fylvaticus, 445 The Behen album, 259. fylveſtris, ibid. Athamanta, 165. white, 259: Arbanaſia, 502. Belladonna, 120. Atriplex, 631. Belltlower, 128. Atriplex, 145, 632, 633. -- round-leaved leſſer, 12S. Bellis, 510. anguſtifolia, 633 Bellis lutea, 514. ere Eta, 632. fæsida, 146. major, 513 marina, 692, 633. minor, 510. maritima, 631, 632,633. ſylveſtris, 510, 513 18 olida, 146. BELLWORT, 200 g fylveftris, 144, 145,632. BENNET, 309. BENT, 41. vulgaris, 143 Berberis, ICC Arropa, 125. Berberis dumetorum, 299. Aveno, 37: Avena nuda, 57 Beta, 147 AVENS, 304. bera alba, 147 V1.18 Avens comninon, 309. rubra, 147 1ylvestris, 1477 AWLWORT, 390. Betonica, 319. Betonica, Azalca, 122. water, ibid. INDEX. Ivii Bidens 503 Borago, 106. Betonica, 349 leaſt, 580. aquatica, 374 round-leaved, 146. hirta, 354 Blitum, 144, 145. vulgaris 349. atriplex, 1453 BETONY, 349. fætidum, 146. Betony Pauls, 3. Kali, 146. yellow, 3512 perenne, 144. Betula, 576. rubrum, 530. Beta, 147 Bloodwort, 216. Beta communis, 147 Blue-bottles, 529. Betulus, 591. Blytum polyſpermum, 46. Beupleurum, 166. BOGMOSS, 658. minimum, 166. Bogruſh round black-headed, 25. Bifolium minimum, 548. Boletus, 766. paluftre, ibid. Boletus albus, 768. fylveftre, 547 luteus 770. Bilberries, 228. Bonus henricus, 144. Bilberry buſh, great, 228. BORRAGE, 106. BINDWEED, 117. Bindweed black, 238. Borago hortenfis, 106. Bipinella, 183. -minor, 108. BIRCH, 576. ſempervirens, 109. Birds-eye, 114. BOTTLEMOSS, 661. BIRDSFOOT, 459. BOX, 575 BIRDSNEST, 245. Box-tree, 575. Birds-neit, 158, 245• BRAKES, 654. purple, 545 BRAMBLE, 301. Birds-tongue, 521. Bramble common, 302. Biſtorta alpina, 234. ſmall, 302. Branks, 237 minor, ibid. Braſſica, 405. Biſtort, ſmall, ibid. Braſica campeſtris, 405. Bitter-ſweet, 124 marina, 410. Black-berried, heath, 607. maritima, 406, 410. Black-thorn, 290. - fylveftris, 408. Black-worts, 228. BREAKSTONE, 183. BLADDERNUT, 187. Briar, wild, 300. BLADDERWORT, 12. Briony, black, 613. I lafia, 702. Briza, 48. Blattaria, 121. Bromus, 54. lutea, ibid. Bromus ciliatus, 56. plinii, ibid. Brooklime, common, 8. BLINKS, 68. BROOM, 440. BLITE, 148. Broom, Butchers, 621. Blite late-flowered, 145. BROOM. major, ibid. 1viii I N D EX - 679. - BROOMGRASS, 54. roſeum, 668.obcina BROOMRAPE, 36.7. rubrum, 679. Bruiſewort, 254. rurale, 6720 Telerarea Bruſcus, 621. DAHA ferpyīlifolium, 67221198 Bryonia, 594. hludiup se ſpear-leaved, 667.14 Kupalace Bryonia alba, 594. geslo ftellare, 666, 667, 668. lævis, 613:01 Sugud: ſylveſtre, 613 nigra, 613. sich tegulare, 673. BRYONY, 594. MAI tenue 665, 6756 UA Bryum, 6;0. Thyme-leaved, 668. obcu Bryum, 660, 661, 655, 666, trichoides 666,667, 671, 672, 673, 674, 6,5. 673, 675, 676, 67, 678, acaulon, 676. 3371 ampullaceum, 660, 661. unguiculatum, 665 annotinum, 667. yellow, 664. aſpera, 594 BUCKBEAN, 116. SIUE b991-wud aureum, 664. BUCKTHORN, 132. albidum, 673- Buckthorn, fea, 6.8. strug bulbiforme, 664. Buck-wheat, 237.a erodotua -pop capillaceum, 671, 676. Bufonia, 85. capillary, 667. BUGLE, 348. SA Nosa & cirratum, 675, 666. BUGLOSS, 107. SATTUS dendroides, 668. Buglofs, Cowſlips, Cowllips, 108. 46879018 exiguum, 675. Engliſh vipers, 102. golden, 667. squida c heteromallum, 6'4. vipers, 102. humile, 673 hypnoides, 674,676,679, wild, ſmall, 107, 108. Bugloffa fylveſtris, 207 lanceolatum, 669, 679. Bugloffum dulce, 103. eux long-leaved, 667. latifolium, 106, 109, majus, 672. luteum, 481. marsh, 664. WOWA --- ſylveſtre, 107, 108. minus, 673. D OCTO Bugula, 348. montanum, 674. cærulea, 348. ukva murale, 673. vulgaris 348. nitidum, 667, 66, 669, Bulbocaſtanum, 164. 679. rostat majus, 164. orbiculare, 678.92 Bulbocodium alpinum, 205 paluſtre, 664, 665, 669, ſerotinum, 205 674,678. Bullfiſts, 781. 7 parvum 672, 675, 678. Bullace-tree, black, 289. pendulum, 667,658,678, white, 289. , BULLRUSH, 26. pilofum, 674,677. liqe Bumblekites, 302. Te polytrichoides, 665.442 Bunias, 412.529093 Bunias ſea, 103. HOR-1914 wall, 102.8 677. 2009 - 679.00 - ancil reclinatum, 073. IND DE X. lig L'upleurum, 166.illogus vulgare, ibid. SO do great, 183, Bunias, 406.02. Fruszor ſylveſtris, 496 12:38A HOMODA. POE C. ASIMOO1 Bunium, 164. - suu't Powsliuta Bunt, 781, CABBAGE, 405. O pauplura Cakile quibuſdam, 41202& Toat Bupleurum perfoliatum, 166. Calamagroſtis, 44. 60.movid Bupthalmum matthioli, 526. -- minor, 59.95 tanaceti, ibid. Calamaria, 656. CALAMINT, 366. LOVE BURDOCK, 495:ov Calamintha, ibid. Burdock, leffer, 579. - humilior, 340. BURNET, 178. vulgaris, 366. Burnet, 584. Calamus, 210. ſaxifrage, 183 Calceolus Mariæ, 552. Cale corn, 416. BURREED, 571. U8 Du Calfs-ſnout, 381. , Bur-reed, leaft, 572. Callitriche, 3. Burſa paſtoris, 389, 392, 397. Caltha, 327: 404. Caltha paluſtris, 328. Butcher's Broom, 621. Caltrops, greater, water, 92 Butomus, 446 242 Camælæa germanica, 23%. BUTTERBUR, 522. Camelina, 400. Butter - bur, long - ſtalked, CAMLINE, 391. 523 Cammock, 444: 19TV Butter-cups, 332, ihre Campanula, 128. Butter-flower, 332 Campanula, 130.. Butter-jags, 461. arvenſis, 130. BUTTERWORT, 11, maxima, 129 10. minor, 128 Buxus, ibid. pratenfis, 130. rotundifolia, 123. vulgatior, 129.01 Ti-arboreſcens, 575. CAMPIÓN, 259. 20 Bylus, 729. suyu Campion, 261. Byſſus, 730 Moſs, 262m albida, 730. red or white, 271. arborea, 729, 730, aureus, 729. ſmall, 260. botryoides, 730, Spaniſh, ibid. id to candidiffima, 731. white corn, 2594 lanuginoſa, 729. CANARY, 39. - latiilima, 729. Cannabina aquatica, 503 Cannabis fpuria, 353 - petræa, 729. pulverulenta, 729,730, Canterbury Bells, 129, 130, 731. Capillus Veneris, 655. - - tenerrima, 729 Capon's Tail, 53. Çaprifoliung CRM - Buxus, 575. nothia DOD arbor, ile jus, ibid. ſea, 261. pro 23 x IK NE DI ЕИХ X. 26150 YOY Caprifolium germanicum, 1g12 holofeus, 288, 268, 269. CARAWAY, 179. old latifolius, 25 full episo Cardamine, 419. floomil Cardamine, 414, 41524 marinus, 193.multors minimus, g. impatiens, 414. love minor, 255. Ollyricordo pumila, 13. OISAHO Cardiaca, 339 bolsado montanus, 193, wapoisto Cardinal flower, 533 pratenfis, 255, 240. do ſylveſtris, 255. อๆ พระผd Carduus, 496.sto vulgaris, 309; WATAH Carduus, 497, 498, ceanothus, 501. tobillo Caſtanea, 5851 151698809sdo eriocephalus, 498.hindo ſylveſtris, 585 vedo Catanance leguminoſa, 248. lanceolatus, 490. bis CATCHFLY, 260. mariæ, 49€. nutans, 297.aganio Catchfly german, red, 270515 , , corn, paluftris; ibid.usdo Catchweed, 81.nd polyanthos, ibid. Catmint, 356.95 folítitialis, 530 CATSFOOT, 568. fpinofiffima, 497 Cats-foot, -40. ſtellaris, 530, ondo CATSTÁIL, 38. Itellatus, ibid. vriesdo Cats-tail, great, 5 2. In med tomentofus, 498. 500. narrow-leaved, 572. vinearam, 501. Cauda equina, 2. inilamido vulgatiffimus, ibid. OU muris, 194. olisi si Carex, 563. Carex Bladder, Greater, 570. Caucalis, 157, 159, 160. Caucalis, 156. Tube! - , Tam anthriſcus, 159. Carlina, 494: arvenfis, 157, 159 Carlina acaulis, 499, minor, 159. ſegetum, ibid. Carpinus, 591. CARROT, 157.d bobida CELANDINE, 316, ISO Carrot marine, ſhining, fine. Celandine, leſler, 331.6 leaved, 158. Centaurea, 528, 10119 rimedo red rooted, ibid. d, ibidan CENTAURY, 229. ormado yellow and white rooted, Centaurium luteum, 227. ibid. - minor, 141, 227 - paluftre, 1421ed Caryophyllata, 3c4. 309, parvum, 141, 227. alpina, 305. Centory, marſh, 142. aquatica, 309. otse montana, ibid. Centunculus, 75 POMAHO pentaphyllæa, 304. Ceraſtiun, 267.0! Slitdomsdo Caryophyllus, 47 Ceraſtium hirſutum, 268. arvenſis, 268, Cerafus avium, 288, at barbatus, 255 -- letier, 571. obo ſylveſtris, 491OHO tenuifolia, 157 6.01 - Tom Carum, 17900 - lefler, 141. facemoſa, 288. Todo 9 Clufii, 262, 633 no Cera- 20 Dios IX NI DI EX X Axi BU SEX Cerafus ſylveſtris, 288, 289. Chara, minor, 561. 0 lolitano Ceratophyllum, 583. toliaal prickly, 560.AWASA Cerefolium, 175 ſmooth, 561. do 3 vulgare, 174 tranſlucens, 5614 calita. Chærophyllo, 87. 10 vulgaris, 560.de Charophyllnm, 175: sinom CHARLOCK, 398.cing Chärophyllum ſativum, 174. Charlock, white or yellow Chafeweed, 531. It flowered, 399 of isnitt CHAFFWEED, 750 Cheeſe-renning, 80. Chamacerafus dumetorum, 122 Cheiranthus, 401. Chamæciſtus montanus, 319. Chelidonia rotundifolia, 331. To tu ſerpyllifolia, 122. Chelidonium, 316. vulgaris, 319. A Chelidoniun majus, 316. Chamædryi ipuriæ, 9. minus, 331. Chamadryn vulgarem, 347. Chenopodium, 143 Chamædrys alpinum, 305. Chenopodium, 145, 146. ſylveſtris, 9. anguſtifolium, 146. major, 347 erectum, 144. minor, 347-007 fruticofum, 143. ſpuria, 9, 305 Cherefolium ſylveſtre, 176. Chamæfilix marina, 653. Cherophyllum ſylveſtre, ibid. Chamæitea, 604. Cherry-birds, 288. Chamælinum, 190, --black, 288. Chamamelum, 512. cluſter wild, 288. CAT fætidum, 525. -tree, wild, common inodorum, 525, 514. 289. maritimum, 511, 525• Chervil, common, 174. nobile, 525. ſmall hemlock, 175. odoratiffimum, 525. - wild, 176. romanum, 525. vulgare, 512. CHICKWEED, 187. Chamænorus, 303. Chickweed, baſtard, 86. berry bearing, 259. OTTE ITAQ anglica, 303 Chamanerion, 225. break-ſtone, 39. EST Chamæorchis latifolia, 548. fine leaved, 257 lilifolia, ibid. larch-leaved, 257. 69100, Chamæpericlymenum, 84. lealt, 256. Chamæpitys lutea, 346. mountain, 257. mouſe-ear, broad-leaved, go/ vulgaris, ibid. 267. Chamærubus ſaxatilis, 302. CHAMOMILE, 525. Chamomile Roman, 525. ſea, ibid. mountain, ibid. trailing perennial, 525. narrow-leaved, 267 Chara, 560. no woolly, 269. 1997 Chara, common, 560. plantain-leaved, 236. Chick- major, ibid. MA Cheſnut tree, 585. imtas Tmas, ibid. ais corn, 263.6 leaſt, ibid. marſh, ibid. Ixii IN DE X - Chick-weed, fea, 256.ollato CLARY, 14. ſtar-beaded water, 3. Clary common Engliſh wild, i's Clavaria 778. gosiliqso Cblora, 227.99.60 CLAVER, 464.010daib Chondrilla viſcoſa, 488. CHRISTOPHER, 317, Clematis, 325. alisivult Chriſtophoriana, 317.00 Clematis daphnoidos, 124. vulgaris, 317, latifolia, 325410 Chryſanthemum, 513. fylveſtris. 525.0. Chryſanthemum ſegetum, 514 Climber great wild, ibid, Chryfoplenium, 250. Clinopodium, 364. slodole Churnftaff, 282 Clinopodium alpinum, 369, CICELY, 172. arvenſe, 361. Cicely, wild, 175 minus, ibid, Cichorium, 478. Clot-bur, 495 Cichorium pratenſe, 482, 486. Cloud-berries, 303. fylveftrie, 478. Clover 455: timida Cichory, ibid, CLOWNHEAL, 354 CLUBMOSS, 657: THER Cicuta, 177 Cicuta, 161. Clubruſh, 27. RAYO 1191 dwarf, ibid., vi niajor, 161. minor, 172. - floating, ibid. vulgaris, 161. - leaſt upright, ibid, Cicutaria, 176. CLUBTOP, 778. Clymenum Italorum, 466. paluftris, 176. Cnicus ſylveſtris, 494 ) tenuifolia, 172. Cochlearia, 393. bilo vulgaris, 175.VISIO Cochlearia, 393, 394. Britannica, 394 Cameraria, 519. Date CINQUEFOIL, 306. marina, 3930 Cinquefoil baſtard, 192, - rotundifolia, 393, 394 purple marſh, 310, • vulgaris, 394.18 finall rough, 308. COCKLE, 269. COCKLEWORT, 4523 upright baſtard, 307, Cckfcomb, 371. Circea, 15 COCKSFOOT, 43. Circza, luteriana, ibid. Cockſhead, 459.5 CIRCE, ibid. Cirfium, 498. Codlings and cream, 226, anglicum, ibid, Colchicum, 214, iti britannicum, ibid, Colchicum anglicum, ibid, Solymou humile, 501. commune, ibid, majus, 497, 498. ITOO COLEWORT, 410. Coltsfoot common, 523, CISTUS, 318, COLUMBINE, 323. Ciftus, ibid. bolice Ciftus annuus, ibid, Comarum, 310. dwarf, 319. COMFREY, 105, mountain, ibid. nuo Conferva, 746. - hirſutus, 318, WOD Cone va, 751, marſ, 247, - alpina, alba, 175 TO 9100 5 İ N É Ι Ν D Ε Χ. Ixiii 21.b alpina, 750. VI 06 plinii, 746, 749. WOO plumofa, 754. VEJA 1 YЯАХ Coralloides, 721, 722, 223, amphibia, 748.909 1815 724 425, 726.-3! capillacea; 747.imus alpirrum, 726.md dichotoma, 749 corniculus, 725. fluviatilis, 746,748,750, HO cornucopioides, 793- 752, 753, uonteel criſpum. 726.indo fontalis, 746, 753 cupreſſiformæ, ibid. fontana, 750. fafciculare, 727. gelatinofa, 73, 7850 0 - fungiforme, 706, 720, globoſa, 754 784. -- marina, 735, 736, 748, minimum, 726. do 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, montanum, 724. 754. perforatum, 725 vis - minima, 746. ramuloruin, 723- paluſtris, 746, 747,751. - , fcyphiforme, 721, 722; 723 724 fparfum, 725 ramofa, 751. tenuiffimum, 713. reticulata, 750. CORALWORT, 409. rivularum, 747. CORIANDER, 1730 ſtagrratilis, 750. POOR Coriandrum, ibid. terreſtris, 748 . Coriandrum majus, ibid. 12 trichoides, 753 Cornflower, 529. tubulofa, 735. Corn-roſe, 315. Corn-fallad, 21. Conſolida media, 348. Corn violet codded, 130. regalis 322. CORNEL, 83. Convallaria, 203. Cornel female, 84. Convolvulus, 117. Cornu cervinum, 770 СОИТО Convolvulus major, ibid. Cornus, 83. otarpai maritimus, 118. Cornus fæmina, 84. • herbacea, 84. Conyza, 507. Coronopus, 77- ging droom 2,333 Conyza, 518. recta, 394 bsodio cærulea, 516. vulgaris, ibid. major, 507. s! odbio Corylus, 590. media, 515 ſylveſtris, 590. minima, ibid. COTTONGRASS, 29. TO minor, 515. Cotyledon, 262. Cotyledon major, 262, paluſtris, 521. paluſtris, 151. Cop-roſe. 315 vera, 262. rona Corallina confervoides,751. COUNTERWORT, 375- lenta, 735 COWBANE, 177 haigle Row Conium. 161. an minor 117, 237: I Tuelli, 394. OK fylveftris, 77 aquatica, 518.12.200 canadenfis, 516. helenitis, 518.00 Corylus, 589. se OWO Be to odorata, 516. MD1 hins and Ixiy I N D EX - maritimum, 156, 5154 Cowquakes, 49. Cowilips, 114 fpinofum, 156. COW-WEED, 175- Crocus, 22. COW-WHEAT, 372. Crocus ſativus, 22. Cow-wheat, 369. CROSSWORT, 627. Crab-tree, 296. CROWBERRY, 607. Cracca, 451. Crowberries, ibid. -minor, 463. CROWFCOT, 380. Crake-berries, 607. Crowfoot, ivy-leaved water, Crake-needle, 174. 333 Crambe, 410 round-leaved water, 332 Crambe maritima, 410. ſweet wood. 331. Cran-berries, 229. various leaved water 334 CRANESBILL. 422. upright meadow, 333. Cranes-bill, burnet-leaved Cruciata, 627. muſked, 423 hirfuta. 627. -common Doves-foot, 425. vulgaris, 627. -jagged leaved Doves-foot, Cuckow-bread. 271. CUCKOWFLOWER, 270, 425. --long-ſtalked Doves-foot, Cuckow-flower, 414. Cuckow-meat. 219. 425. inviked or muſcovy, 423. CUCKOWPINT, 552. perennial Doves-foot, 426 Cuckow-pint, 553. fhining Doves-foot, 425. Cucubalus, 259 -ſmall flowered Doves-foot, Cucubalus acaulis, 262, 426. plinii, 259 Craffula, 263. CUDWEED, 531. Cratægonon album, 373. Cudweed, American, 509. Euphroſque, 370. black-headed, 509, vulgare, 373 Jerley, 508. Cratægus, 291. monntain, 509 ſea, 502. Crepitus Lupi, 781. upright. 509. Creſs baſtard, 397. CUDWORT, 502. wall, 408. Cuminum pratenſe, 179. wild narrow-leaved, 395. CUPTHONG, 704, 785. Creffe rocket, 392. CURRANT, 135 Creffes, bank, 400. Currants,.135. bitter, 415 Currant, gooſe-berry leaved dock, 492 135. ſwines, 394. winter, 400. ſweet, 135. CRESSET, 391. ſweet mountain,136 Criſta galli, 371. Cufcuta, 86, Crithmum, 168. Culcuta, major, ibid. Crithmum, 168. Cyanus, 529 chryſanthemum, 515. fegetụm, 529. marinum, 168. Cymbalaria, 577; Cynocrambe, Crepis, 286. 4 fmall, 135. Ι Ν D Ε Χ. 1 N DE ixv major, ibid. Cynocrambe, 616. Dentaria, 409; Cynogloſſum, 108. Dentaria bulbifera, 409. Cynogloſſum inajas, ibid. heptaphyllos, 409. Cynoforchis, 542. DEVILSBIT, 74. latifolia, 543. Devil's-bit, yellow, 483. Devil's-guts, 86. militaris ibid. Dewberry-buſh, 302. minor, ibid. Dianthus, 254: Cynoſurus, 67. Digitalis, 376. Cyperus; 26. Digitalis purpurea, 376. Cyperus, 569. Dipſacus, 73: brown, baſtard, 25. Dipſacus minor, 73. compreffed, bastard, 256 ſativus, 73. gramineus, 29. ſylveſtris, 73: Graſs leſſer ſpiked, 566. DITHCBUR, 5:9, long rooted baſtard, 256 DITTANDER, 395. longus, 25, 26. DOCK, 216. misor, 25. DODDER, 86. odoratus, 26. Dogberry-tiee, 84. round baſtard, rooted, Dog-roſe, red-flowered, 300. 28. white flowered, 299 ſweet, 26. DOGSTAIL, 67. DOUBLETOOTH, 503. Cyphel, 284. Cypripediun, 551. Draba, 389. Dactylis, 43: Dracunculus pratenfis, 557, DAFFODIL, 200. DROPWORT, 15** Daffodil common, chequered, Droſera, 191. 209. Dryas, 304 DAISIE, 510. Dryopteris, 640, 652. Daiſie, greater, 513. DÚCKMEAT, 562. Damafonium ftellatum, 220. DWALE, 125. DAMEWORT, 403• Dyers-weed, 279, 441. DANDELION, 482. Earth nut, 164. Dane-wort, 18; EARTHMOSS, 659. Daphne, 232. Ebulus, 185. DÁRNEL, 66. Echinophora, 155. , Οι Datura, 118. Echinophora arvenſis, 37. Daucus, 157 Ecbium, 101. Daucus montanus, 165. Echium alterum, 102. - vulgaris 157 marinum, 108. Dead nettle, hemp-leaved 353. fcorpioides, no red, 361. vulgare, 102. white, 350. Eglantine, 298. Dead-tongue, 155. Elatine, 239. Delphiniun, 322. Elatine, 378. Delphinium ſegetum, 322. ELDER, 183. Dens-leonis, 489, 483- Elder water, 184 ELECAM. , . f 1xvi I N X Ø Elofelinum, 18.2., 149:2.17 Eryaginn, ezot: 44% 117 7 D E X. Ca sommo app ггА ЯЗЯНТАХ ELECAMPANE, 514. AJT Eruca maritimam &HTA Elichryſum fylveſtre, 508.15 monenſis, 418.0W,195 Elleborine, 550, 551, 552.11 fylveſtris, 407, 418319 1 ELM, 149. NOTIS 2017 Ervum, 463.,081 VVS leaved. Ervum ſylveſtre, 448. T , 150. ( Elymus, 64. rould medal Eryngium marinum, ibid. Empetrum, 607 maritimum, ibid. Empetrum montanum, 6076 mediterraneum, 15%. ENDIVE, 478. vulgare, ibid. Enula campana, 515. ERYNGO, 150. roj) Epilobium, 225 OLAN Eryſimum, 399.inne cung Epilobium hirſutum, 225. Eryſimum Diofcoridis, 400. ramofum, 226. latifoliumi, 419. Equiſetum, 646. fophia, ibidoute Equiſetum, 560, 646, 647. Theophrafti, 237 arrenfe, 646. doo vulgare, 400. fætidum, 560.41 Eſula exigua, 231.3 junceum, 647. πολλοί Eupatorium, 501. aay91 læve, ibid. Eupatorium aquaticum, 5031 majus, ibid. cannabinum, 503,501. nudum, ibid, veteruin, 277eil palustre, 2, 239, 646, Euphorbia, 280. THOW , , 647. Euphraſia, 370. 18gali legetale, 646. Euphraſia, ibid. sirena ogeli fylvaticum, 646. major, 369. Erica, 230. officinarum, 370.7 Erica, 231, 232. pratenſis, ibid. rubra, 369. brabantica, 281. -- vulgaris, 370.l13 cantabrica, 247 охо EVERLASTING, 580. hirſuta, 231." volgro" Evonymus, 134. humilis, 231. JATŽOL Evonymus Theophraſti, 134 vulgaris, 134. EYEBRIGHT, 370. . Eye-bright, marſh, 369. - virgata, 231. mountain, ibid. plugnt vulgaris, 230, 231. 20 limun F. TOVIMAI Erigeron, 520. Fæniculum dulce, 181. vulgare, ibid. , Fænum græcuin, 454. Eriophorum, 29. ond Fagopyrum, 237. 7. Ta Eruca, 392. fcandens, 338. aquatica, 478. hirſuta, 400. กกน 2557 Fagus, 585. aliis Fair Maids of February, 183. FEATHERFOIL, 175. major, 407 FEATHER- marina, 412 231, 232.0 baccifera, 607.10-loo ſupina, 198. stregar nyajor, 231. tenuifolia, 23 Idiosis I... ? Erigeron, 516.3 Erigerum, 520.00 sativus Eriocaulon, 784. cui lutea, ibid. or any I N X. D E Ixvii n FEATHERGRASS, 44. Fir, common, 503 FEATHERMOSS, 680. FLAG, 23. VAIVADHU FELWORT, 14otion Flag, ſweet-linelling, 210. Felwort, 142.elovly? FLAX, 189.0,2 todella FENNEL, 180, C6 hari Flax, narrow-leaved, wild, rgo. Fennel, 181. levitty perennial, blue, ibid. Fern, female, 654. nigeria FLEABANE, 516. utilo flowering, 648. Fleabane, blue-flowered, 516. horned, 649. great, 507. male, 651. - marſh, 513. ad fea. 653. middle, 515.1 ſtone, 648. ODWY finall, ibid. Ferrum equinum, 460W FLEAWORT, 518. FESCUE, 51. mut Flixweed, 419. Feftuca, 51. Plotas! Flos Adonis, 334. Feſtuca, 58. sidrot Flower de luce, yeilosy water, ce-avenacea, 55, 56. 23. e elatior, 55 Flowering Ruſh, 242. graminea, 54, 55, 56, FLUELLIN, 139. FEVERFEW, 5110 Flyellin, 7, 8. Feverfew, corn, 512. baſtard, 139 Loe field, 514. round-leaved, 378. Ficaria verna, 331. ſharp-pointed, ibid. FIGWORT, 374. Fontalis major, 90,235. Filago, 531.018 Fontinalis, 691. Filago maritima, 502. Fontinalis major, ibid. minor, 509, 532 -ininor, 692. Filicula fontana, 650. -{quamoſa, 692. petræa, 653 -triangularis 691,602 ſaxatilis, 654 Fool-ſtones, female, 542. inale, ibid. Filipendula, 155, 297. 02-aquatica, 154, FOXGLOVE, 376. vulgaris, 297 Foxglove, purple, ibid. Filix aculeata, 651. VLOE FOXTAIL, 37 imod alpina, 619. Fragaria, 3051 JOTZ fæmina, 654, Fragaria, 305, 306. Aorida, 648. Islands ſterilis, 306, fontana, 651. Framboiſe, 301. humilis, 655 Frangula, 133 artyle marina, 653 Frankenia, 198. mas, 650, 651. FRANKWORT, 198. 199115 minor, 649, 650. Fraxinus, 634, 20019371 Fraxinus, ibid. 2:10 bubula, 293. pumila, 651, 652. excelfior, 6341 sramofa, 649, 652, 654. fylveſtris, 293 ſaxatilis, 649, 659, 652. French-wheat, 237 Fiokle, 181. I do abis M in Friars crown, 498 FIR, 592.JIOLETA f 2 HTAT -0.06 Fritila ti VOD montana, ibid. 1 N D D E X. Fritillaria, 209. al igoolso variegata, ibid. FROGBIT, 6170 ALSAD . Fucus ünbilicus, 73120 gout Fritillaria præcox, ibid. ufheoides, 7900701 Fumaria, 4372 Unixsti olla vulgaris, ibid. Fumaria ulba, 438.d , FRITILLARIA, ibid. major, obia.is officinarum, 437 Frog-cheeſe. 781. OTISAO purpurea, ibid. m Fucoides, purpureuir, 745. vulgaris, ibid.sm rubens, ibid. FUMITORY, ibid. Fucus, 737 Fungi, 756, 757, 758, 76, , , Fucus, 554, 736, 737, 738, 776. maridmom 739. 740, 741.742, 743. -albi, 763 - alatus. 743 calieyformis, 774 anguſtifolius, 740. dumetorum, 757 arboreus, 743 eſculent, 755 cm - barbatus, 740. lethales, ibid. in cavus. 735. minores, 764. ceranoides, 739. parvi, 706. - - coralloides, 742, pratenfis, 762, 764. dealenfis, 744 rotundis, 781,vo dichotomus. ibid. Fungoides clavatum, 778, - erectum, 742. coralli, 779: .cdr no flavicans, 744 humile, 778. felliculaceus, 740; quercinym, 785. herbaceus, 735: ramoſum, 779 lacerus, 739: Fungus, 748, 755, 759, 760, . latiffimus, 743 lumbricalis, 742, 762, 767, 770, 773, 778, ting 779, 782,781 - marina, 737: albus 757, 763, 769. marmus, 554,736, 738, --- angulofus, 755,770. 250 740. arboreus, 760, 766,768, maritimus, 734, 738, 769, 775. tuotsup 739, 740, os bombycinus, 784. maximus, 743 bulbõios, 756. membranaceous, 736. membranaceus, 739, 743 campertris, 757. 89 ron , ceraforum, 768. CUCdlog clavatus 778.62 parvus, 742. Harrod pavonicus, 734 collyricus, 773 corallinus, 779. phaſgandides, 743 : coriaceus, 770, 80. pumilis, 738. de digitatus, 780. purpureus, 745 durus, 567.6VXUY fcoticus, 743. eſculentus, 757,758,7-1. ſpongiofus, 743 fætidus. 771. dshut fafciculofus. 156,757. iteres, 741, 745. terecifclius, 743, favaginofus, 771. 13 trichoides, 742. fimetarius, 760.JAÐ fimofus, 783. jolasa DA 09744 OORIN .8 - ſpiralis, 739 Fungin N DE X. Ixix - vera, ibid. naluſtre, 7900 OOSTI -- Fung us fontanus, 172.4 Galeopſis legitima, 354 foraminoſus,c766, fraxineus 77?.. Galiunt, 79 *0eralem hæmorrhoidalis, 765, Gallium albuin, ibid. lamellatus, 762. luteum, 8o. LITIS lateus 755 pollo magnus, 758. GARDROBE, 247. :) major, :755, 757) Snow GARLIC, 201, maximus, 770, 776,781 Garlic broad-leaved mountain, - medius, 7.59, 201, membranaceus, 773, 776, wild, 202. Gatteridge tree, 134. 777 minimus, 763, 764, 765, Gatter tree, 84. Geaſter, 783 772, 774, 775. minor, 750.00 Gen:fa, 441. Geniſta 440. niger, 778, 779. aculeata 441. niveus, 731, noxius, 776. angulofa, 440, orbicularis. 782.01 minor, 441. ovinus, 759. ſpinoſa, 443 tinctoria, 441. parvus, 760, 761, 762, Geniſtella aculeata, ibid. 763, 764, 765, 780. tinctoria, ibid. palcuorum, 762, GENTIAN, 141. perpufillus, 7163. Gentian marſh, 110, phalloides, 771. vernal dwarf, 142. epileatus, 760, 783. ? Gentiana, 141. - piperatus, 757, Gentiana, 140. planus, 759 autumnalis, 141, porofus, 71). pulverulentus , 782, 783. Gentianella, 142, paluſtris 140, 141. pyriformis, 782 quercinus, 756. ramofus, 778, 779, 780. rotundus. 781, Geranium, 422. fambucinus, 777, τοχει feminifer, 774. 775. Geranium. 422, 423, 4- batrachoides, 424. ſolidus, 769, columbinum, 425 426, ſpongiofus, ibid, terreitris, 771. hæmatodes, 426. 2139 lucidam, 425 tertius. 781, maculatum, 423, virilis 77.1. malacoides, 425, 426. FUNNELTOP, 774. inontanuin, 423. Furze, 443. moſchatuni, 422, 423. Fuire-balls. 781. nodoſum, 423 GALANGALE, 26, robertianum, 424. Galanthus, 733. , GALE, 610, fanguinenm, 426, 19 m Galeopis, 352 faxatile, 425. GER 2 alpina, ibid. fugax, ibid. pratenfis, ibid. - Ixx DE X IND TX 122) fech exigua, 239. W GERMANDER, 346. Goldilocks, 331. Germander wild, go! GOLDINS1513 oilof nomida Geam, 309.29351-vn Goldins, 514 Oso- Geum anguſtifolium, 252. Gooſe corn, 2 LIJnism paluftre, 251. Gooſe-foot, common, 144 GILL, 340. tharp-leaved, ibid. Gilliflower fea, 193 GOOSEGRASS, 79. A stock, 402, Gooſe-graſs, 3071min Gladdon Itinking, 24. great 108.uniom GLADIOLE, 24%. leaſt. 81. IU TOTUATE Gladiolus fætidus, 24, Gooſe-tanſey, 307. love loyd lacuftris 533 Gooſe-tongue, 32700130 paluſtris, 242. GORZE, 443. do Gladwyn, 24. Goulans, 514. utoboa GLASSWORT, 2. Goule, 610. Nevala , Sudalga- Glaffwort, 143, GOUTWEED, 181.9 prickly, ibid. GRAINWORT, 703. white, 146. Gramen, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52, Glaſtum ſativum, 411, 53, 56, 62, 68, 211, 222, Glaux, 138, 569. Glaux, 139. - aculeatum, 567 agrorum, 42 elada maritiina, 139 alopecuroides, 37,38,68. vulgaris, 452,5 aquaticum, 38, 40, 49, Glechoma, 340. 53 usstoliau Glechoma arvenſis, 355. arundinaceum, 40,42,60. GLOBEFLOWER, 329, 20$ arvenſe, 51.1999 fatis Glycyrrhiza, 452. avenaceum, 46, 48, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58.ts Gnaphalium, 509. de conta -- caninum, 36, 42, 45, аудио amereiraum, 50g. , 62, 65, 625» music anglicum, ibid. Po capillaceum, 52. caryophyllatum, 567,568. majus, 508, 509. simone caryophylleum, 567. maripum 502. criitatum, 67. ita buyon maritimum, ibid. cyperoides, 25, 28, 29, -ba01a medium, 509. 67,563,564,566,567,56%, minimum, 532. 569, 570, 571. baruova elcio daấyloides, 36. montanum 509. Goto dactylon, ibid. exile, 45, 50, 213. parvum, 532. vulgare, 531. 01294 Auviatile, 5314 Go to bed at noon, 480, hirſutum, 213 GOATSBEARD, ibid, TAHL hordeaceum, 64, 65. » Goatſtones, 545 junceum, 25, 28, 30, СОТУНІАН Gold of pleaſure, 391. 211, 212, 215.00 -cup, 332. juncoides, 29, 212. GOLDENROD, 517. TEH leucanthemum, 258. GOLDILOCKS, 655 AH so eagold Gnaphalizm, 508. W longifolium, ibid, one minus, 531, 532000 E list 218 Gramen Ixxi $12 etiblo - Ray, 66. X2 X IN D E X. TEC pabloolibloa 043 SAVAIVISI) Gramen loliaceum 62, 66, 67, field Fox-tail, 3799 626. five-leaved, 308. marinum, 193, 915.00) flote Feſcue, 53-19) maritimum 92.01 lood: Foxtail, 38. IS emiliaceum, 41, 42, 43, marth Hedge-hog,1567 45, 46,62522 A 2000 meadow Fox-tail, 37 minimum, 43 etsloo miller, 41. 1200 inontanum, 42, 43 purple melic, 48. murorum, 51, 53. quaking, 49. TAD myofuroides, 57, 63. nemoroſum, 46, 212, Rye, ibid.nu 213, 566.00 ſea canary, 39.se nodoſum, 57. stor) fpiked 215. paluſtre, 49, 565, 567. wheat, 62. paniceum, 36. TUO ſpiked meadow, 6300 panici, ibid. Iquitch, 62. paniculatum, 46, 47, 49, fuffolk, 50. Timothy, 39. DO 53.1 wall barley, 64- Parhafli, 189. wood rye, 61. zusta , parvum, 47, 68, 626. Grafs of Parnaffus, 189. phalaroides, 37 . 222 pratenſe, 16, 30, 44, 45, GRASS-POLY, 276. Grafavetch crimfon, 448. 2150, 5,1, 52, 67, 625. GRASS-WRACK, 554 pumilum, 51, 63. Graſs-wrack lefſer, 554 - fecalinum, 61,64. Gratiola anguſtifolia, 376.JO ſegetale, 46.00 Graymill, 104. Sidoro ſegetum, 42, 46. esidomo GREENWOOD, 441.) (parteum, 30, 44,60. ſpicatum, 442,568. GROMWELL, 108. , 230 Giraldanud fupinum, 42. Gromwell creeping, leffer, 1042 fylvaticum, 41. Groffularia, 136. tignok 20-tomentarium, 30, 60. tremulum, 29, 48. Gromill, 104. auch typhoides, 37, 39, 40, Ground-furze, 444• TELEK of typhynum, 39. Ground-ivy, 340.wibem upright, 355 Graſs, annual, Darnel, 67, Ground pine, 346.aunim ? . arrow-headed, 215. GROUNDSEL, 519 bearded Dog-tail, 38. Groundſel, mountain, 520, foxtail, ibid. ſtinking 529. wheat, 65. GYPSIE, 13. branched Cats-tail, 40 a bad of 0) H. bulbous Fox-tail, 37, HAIRGRASS; 45. toilised DATAOO 19 HAIRMOSS, 662. io , common wheat, 62. 002 ir - couch, 62.0' -vulgaris, 6315 Jog 51. Hardbeam-tree, 591. (10) 319 Darnel Cats-tail, 39. HARDGRASS, 626. Dogs, 62, Hare. HAITI ſylveſtris, 135s vernum, 16. 802 TO 063• Halimus, 631. to bloo creſted hair, Insel 1xxi 1 N D E Harebells, 204; Hellobore wild, black, 327. Hares-ear, leaft, 166. HELLEBORINE, 550. HARESTRONG, 160. Helleborine, 550, 551, 552. Hart-clover, 453 latifolia, 550: HARTWORT, 159. -paluſtris, ibid. Hazel-nut tree. 590. Helleborus, 326. HAWTHORN, 291. Helleborus niger, 327, Hawthorn, 292. Helvella, 771. Hawk-nut, 164. Hellweed, 86. HAWKSEYE, 479. Hemionitis pumila, 785. HAWKWEED, 4S9. HEMLOCK, 161. Hawkweed broad-leaved buſhy, Hemlock leſſer, 172. 491. long-leaved water, 177. Hungarian, 479 water, 176. -narrow-leaved buſhy, 491 Hemp water, 501. -long-rooted, 430. HENBANE, 119. རྒྱལ་ རིགས་ ས་ rough, 482. HENBIT, 357 fuccory, 487. Henbit great, 351. fmooth, 479 finall, 10. -fuccory, 486 HENSFOOT, 156. -ſpotted, 479 Hep-tree, 300. ſtinking, 486. Heracleum, 153 gallela ſuccory-leaved, 491. Herb-bennet, 309. HAZLE, 589. Chriſtopher, 317 Headwark, 315 Gerard, 181. Hearts-eaſe, 536. ह HEATH, 230. . Heath-peaſe, 445 Herba Gerardi, 1810 Hedera, 137 impia, 531. Hedera, arborea, 137 helix, 137: Herniaria, 148. terreſtris, 340. Herniaria, 148. Hederula aquatica, 562. hirſuta, ibid. Hedifarum, 458. Heſperis, 403. zongodon Hedyſarum głychirrizacun 460 Heſperis, 400. Helenium, 515 pannonica, 403 Helianthemum alpinum, 318. fylveftris, 403 anglicum, 319. Hieracium, 489. -vulgare, 319. Hieracium, 480, 483, 434, Helleboraiter maximus, 327. minor, 327. alpinum, 479, 489. Helleboraftrum, 327. afperum, 482,483. HELLEBORE, 326. echioides, 481. Hellebore broad-leaved baſtard, fruticofum, 491. 550. intybaceunt, ibid. great baſtard black, latifolium, 475. 327 longius, 40. HOH white flowered bar- luteum, 486. Hieracium Paris, 240. Robert, 424 Why Paris 240. 486. ਅਤੇ tard, 5518 .. IND DE X. 1xxii, Hieracium majus, 484. HORSETAIL, 616. maximum, 487 Horſetail water creeping, 561. minimum, 493 ſtinking 560. minus, 479, 43, 493. Hortonia, 115. montanum, 491. HOUNDSTONGUE, 108. inürorum, 490. Hounds-tongue, great, ibid. HOUSELEEK, 284. parvum, 479. pumilum, 484 Humble-bee, common, 549. villoſum, 439 ſatyrion, 530. High-taper, 120. Hunrulus, 611. Hindberry, 301, Hurt-fickle, 529 HYACINTH, 204. Hippocrepis, 46o. Hippophae, 608. Hyacinth, Engliſh, 204, leder autumnal ſtar Hippofelinuin, 178 208, Theophraſti, 178. vernal ſtar, 207. Hippuris, 2. Hyacinthus, 204. Hippuris, coralloides, 56o. Hog's-fennel, 160. Hyacinthus anglicus, 204. Holcus, 625. autumnalis, 208. HOLLY, 88. ſtellaris, 207, 208. Holly knee, 621. ſtellatus, 207 ſea, 150. Hydnum, 770 Holofteo affinis, 194 Hydroceratophyllon, 583, Holofteum loniceri, 194. Hydrocharis, 617 HONEWORT, 171, Hydrocotyle, 151: HONEYSUCKLE, 131. Hydrocotyle vulgaris, ibid. Hydrolapathum magalum, 2374 Honeyſuckle, dwarf, 84. upright alpine. 132 majus, ibid. HOODWORT, 359- Hydropiper, 235, Hyofiyamus, 119. HOP, 611. Hyofcyamus niger, ibid. Hyofcris, 493: Hordeum, 63 Hyoſeris mafcula, 493. Hordeum fpurium, 64. Hypericum, 466. HOREHOUND, 358. Hypericum aſeyron, 466. Horehound baſe, 355. bi alium, 46 ſtinking, 357: elegantiflimum,467 water, 13. Horminum pratenſe, 14. maximum, 466, ylveſtre, 14, 15. minus, 467, 468, HORNBEAM, 591. pulchrum, ibid. Hornbeam tree, 591. quintum, ibid. HORNFLOWER, 702, ſupinum, 467 HORNWEED, 583. Hypnum, 680. Horſe-beech tree, 591. Hypnum, 680, 693. Horſe-knops, 530. aquaticum, 688. Horſe-mint, long leaved, 341. arboreum, 687, 689, -round leaved, 342. clavellaeum, 690. HORSESHOE, 46o. Hypnum, Hops, ibid. 60 1xxiv D E X. 7 1 vxx. Tot christ Toi X3 --longum, 688. Iriſh worts, 247. Iſatis, 411, Cos Settid10g 1-2013) Hypnum criſpum, 686, JACOBSLADDER, 1216 cupreſliforme, 688. Jafone, 532. OFT camint dendroides, 6876 Tberis, 3922 41 jarig! denticulatum, 681, Ilex, 88. 683, 687. muu Ilex aculeata, 88. OWIJI erectum, ibid. Illecebra minor, 2650w-ints) filicinum, 684,885, Illecebrum, 138. -gracile, 690. Impatiens, 537: 10.2321 green, 682.honda Inula, 514.trovavanti heterophyllum, 687 Iris, 23, jos 110 09 Iris paluſtris, 23. Vid lorium, 687, Irio 400, svobo-egui luteſcens, 685: P' TJ6" Tqqi myofuro:des, 69o. IRONWORT, 584. MIAMI -paluſtre, 683, 686, WAV 687, 688,09!. Iſatis ſativa, 4u, Iswin pennatum, 681. ſylveſtris, Ibid. aoni -- polyanthos, 690, Iſchamon ſylveſtre, 36, lonx ramoſum, 688. vulgare, 36, qon repens,60,681,683, Ifoetes, 656. 684, 686,687,688,689,690 Juncajo paluftris, 215. OUDTOV ſcorpioides, 686. i Juncellus inutilis, 28. sgc2 ſericeum, 682, 683, Juncus, 210. 689. Juncus, 29, 212, 1 -ſubhirſutum, 686, acutus, 28, 210, 211, - taxiforme, 680, 681. aquaticus, 27 1130-01 terreſtre, 688, equiſeti, 27. (S) -335-3 trichoides, 189.98 floridus, 242. but velutinum, 689. lævis, 25, 211. -vulgare, 682, 683, maritimus, 210, 689. maximus, 27. sbhal Flypochæris, 479. minor, 27: ਦੇਖ3 CT Hypopitys lutea, 245. niontanus, 211, ob Hyilop, ſmall hedge, 276. Hyffopifolia, 276. Carredo Jungermannia, 692. rosa Jungermannia, 694, 695, EBS Chlosti JUNIPER, 618. VOLICA Jacea minor, 529. IV 194102 Via ETOL m-a9rb Juniperus, 6:8. nigra, 529, 530. Juniperus alpina, 619, Jack by the hedge, 400. obas Jacobča, 520, 521. obnavs Jurnut, 695. omulyos anguſtifolia, 519. mitolbaqog IVYLEAF, 487.petqogan montana, 519 K pannonica, 519 35909 Kali, 146. - vulgaris, 521, on edis geniculata, 3 paluſtris, 212.d esibst parvus, 211. Hot MILION minor, ibid.YCA vulgaris, ibid, YAA Jacobxa alpina, 521. ĮVY, 137: latifolia, -521. Kali, X a vixx LXXV N DE X. 018! SGACAJZODAT ,082 miglita muqvH Kali, minus, 146.5 € 960 pet Lamium, 350.91019 fpinofun, 1436 € sisidl Lamiuin, 351, 353. Keiri, 401. album, 350. KELPWORT, 14.2e soos xell luteum 353. 18.282 Kernel-worts 8746. a) bideoalle maximum, 351-979 KEX, 167: 891 montanum, 365. Kex, 161. 592 raising purpureum, 2516 Kidney-vetch, 442612 rubrum, ibid. con * wort, 262. vulgare, 350, 3514 hairy, 2'51itu siq e Lampſavä, 492. gnof. King's-clover, 453.00 Lantana, 184. , Kipper nut, 164 how da Lapathum, 216, 217.301 KNAPWEED, 528. IT acetofum, 2 19. KNAWEL, 249. acutum, 216, 2176 Knawell, annual, 249. aquaticum, 217 --- incanum, 2500 aureum, 216. Knolles, 406. oly? com maximun, 217.94 Knopweed, 530.jlov- minimum, 216. Knorberries, 303.00 _ pulchruin, 217.95 KNOTGRASS, 138. oon fativum, 216. Knotgrafs, 237, enllah ſylveſtre, 144, 2176 German, 249. unctuoſum, 144.. fea, 236. vulgare, 217 280 - verticillate, 138. Lappa major, 579. tradul Knot-berries. 303.eurs minor, ibid. moi Lactuca, 438. juna Lapſana, 492. 6 21st 119 Lactuca agnina, 21.10 LARKSPUR, 322. mars ſylveſtris, 487, 4$S. Lathrea, 363. rolva virofa, 488. m Lathyrus, 4474 Ladder to heaven, 122. Lathyrus, 448, 449. LADIESFINGER, 442. anguſtifolius, 448. corte Ladies hair, 49. pintor latifolius, 449. vigogen Ladies bed-ſtraw, leaſt, 80. luteus, 44. lemt of H. -- mountain. 79 VHC major, 449. stanjolly white. ibid. ſylveſtris, 445, 448,449, -yellow, 8c. LADIESMANTLE, 84.1 VU Laureola, 232, 233 Ladies-mantle, leaft, 856 ſempervirens; 233. Besl - traces, triple, 547. Lavatera, 427, ΕΤΟΙΟ LADYSEAL, 612. Lavender matted ſea, 1930 ? LADYSMOCK, 413- Lavender fea, ibid. Lady-ſmock, impatient, 414. LAVER, 734.doost Lagopodium, 456. LEATHERCUP, 70261 Lagopus vulgaris, 456. JY V Ledum paluſtre, 247 LAKEWEED, 516. Lemna, 562. Lakeweed, 235, asri Lens palustris, 562. Lambs lectuce, 21. git 280 viciz, 449 Esdoost Bestuving? Pris Lenti- 1xxvi I.X N D E X. I - trichoides, 6985 tcothed, 694: royar 717, 719, 726. 716. 9 Lentibularia, 12.9 5913 ssbaij Lichenaſtrın filiçinum, 697011 minor, 13: •0 $ 2 1 .. imbricatum, 696, 6:7 Lenticula aquatica, 562e09 multifidum, ,694696. paluſtris, ibid. m. I multiflorum, 69819 Leontodon, 4. 2. 1971s augi. I tenuifolium, um, 699eva Leonurus, 339. git Lepidium, 395.id Lepidium latitolium, ibid. wood, 695. ០៦៦ vulgare, ibid. soivonpi Lichenoides, 705, 708, 709, LETTUCE, 488. 710, 711, 713, 714) 725.2 Lettuce ivy-leaved wild, 487... laualedu? ſtrong-ſcented wild, 488. anguſtifolium, 712. Leucanthemum vulgare, 513. arboreum, 711, 712,715, Leucojum bulboſum, 783. 91093 luteum, 402. arborum, 700. marinum, ibid. gaplavil candidum, 708: maritimum, ibid. Javi caperatum, 717:3 paluſtre, 533. WAVI cartilagineum, 708. -- vulgare, 402. TV cartilaginofum, 722.. Lichen, 704, 785. ceratophyllon, 711. Lichen, 703.04 ; cinereum, 797,711,718. alter, 69% coralliforme, 725, 723. arborum, 713. coriaceuun, 719, 720, candelarius, 707. corneum, 712. luv domefticus, 700.is corniculatum, 716.plugil flaveſcens, 707.09 79200 cornutum, 714, 716 gij fontanum, 700.00 cruſtaceum, 701, 708, gid globoſus, 726. district cruſtorum, 707, gi immcrfus, 719. dur digitatum, 718.ili marinus, 736. zisidan fuciforme, 716.rs to yli maritimun, 733.14 fuliginofum, 716. MIJ minimus, 703. ieri fungiforme, 706, 737-01 parvus, ibid. 112-92003 fufcum, 717. How I Le petreus, 698, 700, 701, gelatinoſum, 704, 710g11 711, 714, 717, 733.yobomij pileatus, 701. 10. 2010. I glaucum, 712, 719. nomie 1) hiſpidum, 712. 71179d-suo imbricatum, 708, 720. lacunofum, 713, 716. uit vulgaris, 701. leprofun, 705, 708.tysail Lichenattrum, 670, 692, 694, longifolium, 715. sheni 695, 606, 697, 198, 699, maritimum, 733 701, 702, inembranaceun, 718. alpinuro, 670, 697, 698. olivaceuin, 7c9. aquaticum, 703. pellucidum, 799, 733. 695. peltatum, 713, 718, sy exiguum, 659 polvichoides, 718. HOW pullum, 720 Lich 709. 922 sibel basabio feminifer, ibid. in 109 ewion fubfufcus, 7070 wa2000 verrucofus, 70613AVOJ auriculatum 60 now! 1.X NIDO EN X. 1xxvii rtigofum. 71020100 719.14 732. 718. - Lichenoides pulmoneum, 713, Linden tree 3200 rizsluduas. I 799.0 000 muinoindre Ling, 230. El 2001 panctarum, 705 Lingua cervina, 652. luvijas I puſtulatum, 7.20. Linum, 189. id nuleq pyxidatum.; 21,722,723, Linum arvenſis, ibid. otron. I photos IOH1731 rigidum, 713. pratenfis, 190.0 ſativum, 189, bigo ſaxatile, 79, 714, 7759 ſylveftre, 189, 190. 717, 720, 732. eshten Liquorice wild, 452. fubfufum, 719. O Lithospermum, 103. OUTT fubglaucum, 710. TO Lithoſpermum, 104. V 920373.1 i lub-hirſutum, 728. arvenſe; ibid. 1 tartareum, 705,708. majus, ibid.se tenue, 709, 710, 720, ininus, ibid. jouer dot vulgare, ibid. tenuiffimum, 732. Live-long, 263. tinctorium, 715.15 LIVERHEMP, 501. tuberculofum, 732, 7?4. LIVERWORT, 700. tubulofum, 741,722,723, Liverwort afh-coloured ground, 724,725. collagosto verrucofam, 706. tree, 713.00 viride, 711. Ovo Welth, 707. vulgare, ibid.32110 Lizard flower, 545. 100 vulgatiflimum, 709. - Jeffer, 542.br Liguſtruin germanicum, 6. Lobelia, 533 Monob Liguficum; 160.mowano Locker gowlans, 330. Liguſticum fcoticum, ibid, Lolium, 66. stol Liguſtrum, 6. Lolium album, 67. lodole, Lilium, convallarium. 203. rubrum, 66. tror Lily of the valley, ibido Lonchitis, 648. Unter LIME, 319. distonigilan aſpera, 648,650. Lime tree, 320. oligunt Lonicera, 131. tristan Limewort, 255. minut LOOSE-STRIFE, 111.9 Limnopeuce, 2. laiveley Looſe-ftrife purple Ipiked, 275. Limodorum auftriacum, 545. Lords and ladies, 553. Limonium, 193. ously Lotus, 464.1020289lia Lotus corniculatus, ibido 1 - maritimum, ibid. Louſe-berry, 134.0pluidust Limofella, 373, ulush Linagroſtis, 30. olurgs! , Linaria, 139, 317, 378. Lunaria, 648. Costa dois adulterina, 189. contorta, 390.00 eded 2000 Se antirrhinum, 379. racemoſa, 648. 2007 arvenfis ibid. minor, ibid. cærulea, ibido io lutea, ibid.nl Lungwort cows, 320, ws French odorata, 378.co 499, vulgaris, 379. Lungwort 24 25 6. Paulo majus, ibid.lin LOUSEWORT, 382.1194 LOVAGE, 163, enrolas LUNGWORT, 102. ups 1xxviii E N DI V X 13 Sidsdias Lungwort golden, - 4901 Madder little field, 830 gemitism in ſpotted, 103 wild, 81. ZAJOTAM Pig цох tree, 713 MADNEP, 153.91 b99wsM ibantot Lupulus mas, 611. MADWORT, 207.00 falictarius, ibid. Madwort Gerinan, 208.UAM ſylveſtris, ibid." mountain, 9. HI-TRI/. Luteola, 279. MAIDENHAIR, 654.-vsM Lychnis, 270. Maidenhair black, 653- SSM Lychnis, alpina, 262. to commou. ibid. OCLAM major, 260. great golden, 662. DEM marina, 261. green, 054. NOGAM montana, ibid. lea, 65?ig-wobs9M . notiflora, ibid. white, ibid. WOCAM plumaria. 270. Majorana latifolia, 36460 AM laponaria, 254. major, ibid. ETIAM ſegetum, 269.99 Mallow commcn, 429.-21.9M ſupiira, 198. dwarf. 423. dos soibell ſylveſtris, 259, 260, 251, fea tree 427-193011 270, 271. ſmall, 428 Bonsor viſcofa, 260, 262. -jagged leaved vervain,420 Lychnoides fegetum, 269. Malus fylveftris, 296. 1 yeoperdon, 780. Coro Malva, 428, nogooiboM Lycopodium, 657. died Malva arborea; 427 y bibM Lycopodium, 657, 6;8. 6 minor, 428 SAICOM elatius; 6;8. 638 fylveftris, 42, 420 M paluftre, 657. Ang verbenacea ibid. mom vulgare, ibtd. . vulgaris, ibid. lolip Lycoples, 10;. MAPLE, 628. Lycopus, 13 MOERISE Maple greater, 628. SU? Lycopus paluftris, 13.olive Marchantia, 700. LYMEGRASS, 64. MARESTAIL, 2. a jolis M Lyfimachia, in. Suluisa Marigold corn, 514.g engolis M Lyfimachia bifolia, 112. marſh, 32 incito .cærulea, 359 Suri91 MARJORUM, 363. luv campeftris, 226. glu Marjorana fylveftris, ibid. Mi chamanerion, 225:Tolli Marrubium, 358. do TSM , Marrubium, 339. bidt, zubi lutea, 112. album, 558. stasiuM parperea, 276.190 Film aquaticum. 13. bio fibiquofa, 225, 227, 226. paluſtre, itiden som fpeciola, Ipicata, 276.2003 Bur Mari Ciitus, :47. stupe MARSHLOCKS,210.18 fylvatica, 225. Lythrum. 276. MARSHMALLOW, 130. su odlicno ? MARSHMOSS, 653. Se 28212134 M3119 MARSHWORT, 127 alito MADDER, 78. brosin errazilian PA Matfelon, 529, 550. Silat Madder croſs-wort, SIA WALI Marricaria, 511. salud 2 Matricaria inodora, 514. 12 Matri- galericulata, 359:TANJIM No great baſtard, ibid. WIN I N D ixxix E X. Matricaria maritima, 525, MATGRASS, 30. bliv Mentha hirſuta, 343. 100gr hortenfis, 344.100 longifolia, 341.00 rotundifolia, 343. usque vulgaris, 311.3M Marweed fea, 60. IEVITATI imall, 30. TOWLANE MAULS, 428.119 WAM - May-lily, 203, Tom May-weed, itinking, 525. Mazzards, 288. MEADOWBOUTS, 327. Meadowbouts, 328. MEADOWGRASS, 49. Meadow-pinks, 270, MEADOWRUE. 325. MEADOWSWEET, 297. MEALTREE, 184. Mealy-tree pliant, 184. Medica echinata, 462. fruteſcens, 461. marina, 462. - polycarpos, ibid. ſylveſtris, 461,- Medicago, 461. Medick, yellow, 461. MEDLAR, 294, Melampyrum, 372. Melampyrum criſtatum, 372. latifolium, 573. luteum, 372, 373. fylvaticum, 373 Melica, 47: Melilot common, 453. . Melilotus germanica, ibid. officinarum, ibid. vulgaris, ibid. Meliſa, 306. Meliſſa Fuchfii, 365, Melittis, ibid. Menianthe paluſtre, 116. Mentha, 341. Mentha anguſtifolia, 342. aquatica, 313, 344. arvenſis, 344. cardiaca, ibid. cataria, 356.COM criſpa 343: SOVH felina, 356,8 prol fufca, 314.12 2520boni sita fativa, ibid. fpicata, 342. fylveftris, 341, 3420I verticillata, 343 Menthaſtrum, 342, fpicatum, 341. Menyanthes, 116. Mercurialis 616. Mercurialis, annua, 617. mas, ibid. montana, 616. perennis, ibid. fpicata, 617. - ſylveſtris, 537,616, teſticulata, 617. vulgaris, 617. MERCURY, 616. Mercury common Engliſh, 144. herb, 617. Meſpilus, 294 Melpilus, 291, 292, 291: germanicus, 294. Meu, 165. Meum, ibid. MEZEREON, 232. Millefoliuin aquaticum, 12, 115, 582. paluſtre, 12. tenuifolium, 91. dosa terreſtre, 528. vulgare, 527. barriera Millegrana major, 148. do minima, 191. italise MILLET, 41. 1310 Millet, Cyperus graſs, 29. Millfoil. 528. woupila MILFOIL, 582. Milfoil, common hooded, 12. leffer hooded, 13. ſpiked water, 582. verticillated water,582 Militaris aizoides, 324. TAM Milium, 41. 2107) zobam MILKWORT, 439... Milkwort, - 010 1xxx и Х. I E D ब N X oferit -vulgatior, ibid. - parvus, 669. Milkwort, purple mountain, Mullein white flowered, 1203 453 yellow morh, 121. fea, 139 Mufcipula angustifolia, 270.1 MINT, 241. falamanvica, 260.M MISLETOE, 609. Muſcus, 658, 727, 737. Miffel, white, ibid. arboreus, 7274 728, Miffophylon. 363. aureus, 7 28. MITHRIDATE, 396. capillaceus, 727, 75% Mnium, 663. capillaris, 662, 6647 Mnium, 653, 664, 703. • clavatus, 657, 658. majus, 664. - corallinus, 7272 Tbs minimum. 663. coralloides, 7*25, 727.. trichomanis, 669- corniculatus, 725 W Molluginis, 79. erectus, 658. Mollugo, 79. filicifolius, 685. --montana, 8r. marinus, 736, 740. maritimus, 749. Moneywort, bastard, 375, purple, 113. pulmonarius, 713. Monotropa, 245. pyxoides, 721. Montia, 68. quernus, 727. MOONWORT, 648. - ramoſus, 728. Moorgraſs, 30, terreſtris, 657, 687 Moor-berries, 229. MUSHROOM, 755 VAR MORELL, 771. Muſhroom dufty, 781. Morſus diaboli, 74. MUSTARD, 415. lbso Muſtard, common, 416. MOSCHATEL, 238. great tower, 408. Mofchatellina, 239. postes kairy tower, 408.TV Moſs-berries, 229. asmenstgo hedge, 400. 419. 1197 mithridate, 397 tree, 727 . Moſs-like pink, 89. mottogoti mountain mithridate, MOTHERWORT, 339, 397- eubin Motherwort, 5º5. id era perennial michridate, MOULD, 783. beddgir Mountain afh, 293. treacle, 396. Mouſe-ear, 267. wild, 416. Mouſe-ear, coded, 404. A Myagrum, 391. cominon creeping, Myagrum. 391, 400.9193 490. ſylveſtre, 391.WIN MOUSETAIL, 193. d , Myoſotis, 110. Mucor, 783. Myoſotis fcorpioides, 110. MUDWEED, 373.ru Myofurus, 193. islomme Mugweed, 627. Myofurus, 194 Mugwort, 505 Myrica, 610, MULLEIN, 120. Myriophyllum, 582. 10 Mullein great white, 120. Myriophyllum aquaticum, 582 fage-leaved black, 121. Myrrhis, wovs ranæ, 618. азари - - 396. - - CONSO 0319m ilon 1989 I* NEDE x. 1xxx1 O Myrrhis, 175 Nux kipper, 164. fylveftris 175. --- avellana, 590. Myrtle, Durch, 610. ---- veficaria, 187. Myrtus, brabantica, 610. Nymphæa, 321. Nymphea alba, 321,618. 821 N lutea, 116, 321 major, 321. NAP, 356. Napus ſylveſtris, 406. Narciſſus, 200. Narciſſus pallidus, ibid. OAK, 587. - fylveſtris, ibid. Oak, cominon, 587 Nardus, 30. ſea, 738. Nafturtiolum, 395. OARWEED, 737. Naſturtium, ibid. OAT, 57: alpinum, 413. Oat-grafs, tall, 57. aquaticum, 414, Ocymun fylveſtre, 361. 415, 417 Oenanthe, 154. petræum, 392, 413. Oenanthe, 155. pratenſe, 414. -aquatica, 154. ſupinum, 394, -chærephylli, 155 fylveftre, 392, 395, paluftris, 154 419. One-berry, 240. NAVELWORT, 262. Onobrychis, 459. SON Navew, wild, 406. OYOTE Needle-furze, 441. Ononis, 444. Nepeta, 356. Ononis ſpinoſa, ibid. ABON Onopordum, 499 adatok NETTLE, 573 Onopteris mas, 653. Nettle hedge, 354, 357 Ophiogloſum, 647 ---- 10-leffer, 573 Ophioglofium, ibid. Nertle-hemp, yellow, 353. - primum, 647) TOM Nidus avis, 545, 547. Ophrys, 547; SOM NIGHTSHADE, 124. Ophrys, bifolia, ibid. VON Nightſhade, common, 125. minima, 543.iso deadly, 126. paluftris, ibid. enchanters, 15 ruelli, 184. mountain enchan- ORACHE, 631.. ters, 15 Orache, common, 145. ook NIPPLEWORT, 492. jagged, fea, 632.2UOM Noli me tangere, 537: ſhrubby, lea, ibid. Nucula terreitris, 164. - ſtalked, fea, 633. CUM Nuinmularia, 112. ſtinking, 146. 1wgoma S) ។ major, 112. ORCHIS, 541. Yowo minor, 113 Nut, earth, 164. Orchis, 542, 543, 548, 550elio, . , abortiva, 545, 5470 Orchis, vulgaris, ibid. major, ibid. - Orcbis, ibid. hazle 583. Muda h 17.XX! lxxxii X I N D D E X. Owler, 577: betaal-9018) Oxalis, 271. ; Anaslissd sest Orchis alba, 541. JANT Ornus, 293. E ansvly? 0286901 19V£469 . , - anthropophora, 549.1 Orobanche, 367. nimetylsul 9rfsvlyt --- - apifera, ibid. v 333 Orobanche, 63. Pertsoluv - barbata, 542.545.4 hypopytis, 245. intim - common fly, 549.b - majora 307, to siisteina - dwarf, 548. Ing ramofa, ibid. female handed, 544- Orobus, 445 s 20 hinslu 1 ឬ , - frog, 546. THI Orobus ſylvaticus, 445, 146. - fuciflora, 549. sorilia Ofier conuen, 605.1999 greater fiy, 549. Oſmunda, 648. apsyon cihlava 27 PAVIAT green man, ibid. 3 O mund royal, ibid. late flowering purple, 541. Olmunda, regalis, ibid. 10789 TOLAM leaſt, 542. Vas! 13 Oſtrya, 591. magna, 543.9 Oftrys, ibid. Ereinbglav male handed, 544. Othonna integrifolia, 519. dаудоты, lib man, 543. oldyol paluftris, 518. 10 minima, 548. 39 morio, 542. muſcæ, 549.just 292 loot Oxalis, 219 muſcifera, ibideig tenuifolia, ibid. 1 Ox-eye, 513. "mulk, 548.hilda brosd myodes, 549. common, 526. odorata, 548. OXTONGUE, 481. palmata, 544, 546. Oxyacanthus, 292.com pannonica, 543. Oxycoccos, 229.000 piychodes, 541. Cxys alba, 271. P. MIAT 19 purple flowered little,543. purpurea, 541,543. Pagils, 114.woo qoides - red handed, 544.781ags Paigles, 114 How 0912 ſphegodes,'5 41,549,550. PAINTEDCUP, 369. fpiralis, 5470 194999 Palma, Chriſti, 544. Panax, Cotoni, 355. Olas! waſp, 550.10 1939 PANICGRASS, 36. yellow, 548. o 119,99% Origanum, 363 10219995 Panicgrafs ſingle ſmooth-eared, ibid. 081bliw Origanum anglicum, ibid. mitis, 364.088 ilgst Panicum, ibid. 1932AST fylveftre, 36gavad Panicum ſerotinum, 42. pls! vulgare, ibids augisk fylveftre. 36. ouifs I Ornitbugalum, 206. igaret vulgare, ibid. sosial Ornithogalum anguſtifolium, Panſies, 536. dol 00zioglu «ខ yellow, 536. luteum, 206.lu Papaver, 314 DAM A19 umbellatum, 207-19 Papaver, 314, 31521 SADO corniculatum, 316, 314. vulgare, 20- Ornithopodium. 459 39 cornutum, 317.71-7694 - ervatieum, 315, shes! e sitepta hortenſe, ibid. OMA minus, ibil. Ornithopus, ibid. luteum, 316.99-97697 thæas, 315. A hPa 207 majus, ibid. IN DE I 1хххні X. ZOTT 2 DED corn, ibid. - hedge, 159: - Papaver ſpumeum, 259. Peaſe heath, 445. ſylveſtre, 315.8mm PEASELING, ibiddis eidoro Paralyſis minor, rit. picoteodoro Peafe-wood, ibid.fo vulgaris, 114 doadoro Peeten veneris, 174.95 Parietaria, 630. tored Pedicularis, 382. died Parietaria officinarum, ibid. Pedivularis, 371, 383. vulgaris, ibid. paluftris, 382. Paris, 240. --- pratenfis, 383.2 Seitelyi adoro PELLITORY, 630. Parnaſſia, 188. Parnallia vulgaris, 189. S. 189.00 Pellitory battard, 527 of the wall, 630. PARNASUS, 188. .. Paronychia, 352. soos bout PELORIA, 3o. 19518 91 borgo Peloria, 379. major, 404 vulgaris, 3.9. jeco Penny-crels, 396. Paronychiæ fimilis, 390; Pennywort wall, 262. 90. PENNYWORT, 151. Parſley baſtard ſtone, 171. . Pentaphylloides, 192. fine-leaved baſtard, 157. argentina, 307 fools, 172. ere&tum, ibid. O great flowered purple fruticofun, ibid. baſtard, 157 paluſtre, 310. Pentaphyllum erectum, 307. knotted, 160. fragiferuni, ibid. mountain ſtone, 165. incanum, 308. bo Scottiſh fea, 16). parvum ibid.bg ſmall corn, 159. petrolum, 85.000 PARSNEP, 130. rectum, 307.ortly Parfbep cow, 153. creeping water, 163. - vulgatiffimum, 308. garden, 180. TVIA Pentapterophyllon aquaticum, great water, 167. 582. obogade leaſt water, 171: Pepper, 265. fea, 156. DOMA PEPPERGRASS,6554 Se upright water, 167. Peppermofs, 656.volley wild, 18o. Pepperwort, 395 530 PARSLEYPIERT, 87.4 Peplis, 213avilo. nyito Paſque-flower, 328. Nie Peplis, 280. E paista Paſtinaca, 180. maritima, 280.1 Paſtinaca latifolia, ibid. Pelpus, 280.tagluv ſylvestris, ibid. Percepier anglorum, 87.zisto tenuifolia, 158. Perfoliata, filiquofa, 40.00 PEA, 446. vulgaris, 166. PEARLEAF, 245. you vulgatiffima, 166. PEARLWORT, Sg. Periclyinenum, 131.05 Pear-tree wild, 295.00 humile, 84. go Peaſe-everlaſting broad leaved, PERRYWINKLE, 123.0 449. slusyon Perſicaria, 235: Peaſe-everlaſting narrow-leav- maculofa, 236. - Ted, 4.49.21.2341 h2 Perficaria, - rubrum, 310.00 -- - TOS - Ixxxiv I XN D E IX. WISA vulgaris, 235, 256.709 -ON9 fylveftris, 592.0 Perficaria mitis, 236wdinvloPimpernel, gmsbuso sivinsli filiquota, 537.indd baftard, 75 sarjasil urens 235. female, Ti 1.6 comusal male, ibid. Pes anſerinus, 144. round-leaved water, 127. howbuo Petafites 5 23.ggbuo yellow of the woods, 112 major, ibid. Pimpinella, 183. Parmi 110 1 Petroſelinum macedonicum, Pimpinella major, 178009109 171. board to fanguiſorba, 78, 584. PET TIGREE, 621. faxifraga, 183.7709 Pettymuguet, 8o. ſylveſtris, 78, 584. Petty-whio, 441, 444. vulgaris, 584. U Peucedanum, 160. Pine, fea, 741. og ylo I Peucedanum vulgare, 160. Pinguicula, 13. Last Pewter-wort, 64;. Pinguicula fanicula eboracenfis Peziza, 774 11. Peziza, 775, 777. PINK, 254. 19, oslo - acetabuliformis.775,776 Pink mofs-like, 8g. u nog vlom lenticularis, 777 Pinus, 592 lutea, 777 Pinus maritima, 741. miniata, 777 fubfuſca, 775 Piperidge buſh, 199. V Phænix aceroſa, 626. Piperitis, 395. Phalangium anglicum, 235. PIPEWORT, 784. -fcoticum, 206. Piſum, 446. Phalaris, 39. Pilum marinum, 447. Phalaris, 40. ſpontaneum, ibid. major, ibid. ocluyeot Pifs-a-bed, 482. pratenſe, 49.9 Pistacea ſylveſtris, 187.000 Phallus, 771. Beim Pitch-tree, 593, Phallus hollandicus, 771.1 Plantaginella paluſtris, 373. Phafcum, 659.storomuo' Plantago, 76. ? ! PHEASANTEYE, 334. YTY109 Phellandrium, 176. anguſtifolia, 76. Phleum, 38.6. nustotis Phyllitis, 65 2.lumisirsen incana, 76. Phyteuma, 127. lotellit Picea, 593. auctiei major, ibid. 1101190 marina, 77 Tudoirla's Picris, 48.0 mulluq paluſtris, ibid. Pignut, 164. uloti bruto quinquenervia, 76. 308. PLANTAIN, 76. Pillwort, 656. ronto Plantain bastard, 373. Piloſella major, 489, 490. creeping water, 220. minor, 489. Raha great water, ibid. repens, ibid. leffer water, ibid. Pilularia, 655.121 narrow-leaved, 77. . Pilularia paluftris, 656. ſtarry-headed water, 220 PIMPERNEL, 111. Plan- bergulo מות Plantago, 17: sweluv aquatica, 220. hoqulos latifolia, ibid. nonvloT major, ibid. cbianos Pucorn. 57. DY XIN DI E их. І kxxxv - - OTT MI ODSTO majus, 203. D EV I Plantula cardamines, 4130 Polytricum dwarf, 668. it to Pliant mealy tree, 184. minus, 668, pili --- Pneumonanthe, 1,4193 manum, 669.9YL Poa, 49. Về Đi (EL parvum, 668. Poa ſpicata, 63.bove PONDWEED. 90. nam Podagraria vulgaris, 181. Pondweed horned, 561. 583. Polemonium, 121. perfoliated, 90. Polemonium vulgare, 122. - tea. 92. aastosta Polygala, 439. hugnat ſmall branched, 91. Polygala, 138, 439. ---grafs-leaved, 92. repens, 138.1 Poorman's pepper, 395.vn vulgaris, 439. POPLAR, 613 Polygonatum, 204, 203. POPPY, 314 latifolium, 203, 204. Poppy long rough-headed, 314 ſmooth headed 315 vulgare, 204. red, 315. Polygonum, 234 round rough-headed, 314 Polygonum, 198, 249. - ſmooth-headed, 315 germanicum, 249. violet coloured horned, latifolium, 237; 317. marinum. 23h. wild, 315 maritimum, 148, 198. yellow horned, 317. mas, 237 Populus, 613. minimum, 191. Populus alba, 614. gada minus. 148. -- lybica, 614. felinoides, 87, 249. nigra, 614. gada ferpyllifolium, 138. tremula, 614. sed Polypodium, 649. Portulaca, 213. Polypodium cambro-britanni- arvenfis, 68. cum, 649. - marina, 631. murale, 649. Potamogiton, gended Rollsde lobatum, 6,1. l'otamnogiton, 90, 91, 235, 582 vulgare, 649. anguſtifolium, 235.17 POLYPODY, 649. gramineum, 91. olvis Polypody, great, 650. latifolium, 90..19 male, 651. maritimum, 92. illud Polytrichon aureum, 664. millefolium, 91.1 Polytrichum, 662. minimum, 92.69011 TORS Polytrichum, 671. perfoliatum, goan alpinum, 663. puſillum, 92.21 aureum, 662. rotundifolium, go. capillaceum, 671. Potentill1, 306. muntanum, 662. Potențilla, 307.00 tolli quadrangulare, 662. Poterium, 584. ramofum, 663 POWDERWORT, 729. tree, 671. v Prenantbes, 487. got urnigerum, 663 PRICKLENEP, 155. vulgare, 662. To ope Evil PRICK- - I 02113 10 O pistolis - 1xxxvi NI album, 308. ingy I NA IX N D E X. PRICKLECAP, 1970.199) Quaking graſs, 49, din sfeest Prick-madam, 264. SIVIL Queen of the meadows, 2974 Prick wood, 84, 184, aidos! Quercus, 5672181 Pobyernes. A Prim, 6. DE sono 50 De oro bo Quercus Quercus 971 PRIMROSE, 113.HOOL - marina, 738,749. Primroſe peerleſs, 200. dous vulgaris, 587. u fiqs si Primula, 113 lbsord Quick in the hand, 537. Primula veris, 113, 114. Quicken tree, 293.pops PRIVET, 6. lium QUILLWORT, 656. PRUNE, 28%. enim Quinquefolium, gºzat mos Al Prunell, 362.Molla Prunella, 362. W 200X fragiferum, 307.00 Prunella major, 362.1908 majus, 308. aqois Prunus, 288. minus, ibid. iton Prunus, 289. paluſtre, 310.) fylveftris, 289, 290.0 fylvaticum, 308 sms Pſeudo aſphodelus, 205, 206. Riud vredts cyperus, 569. Radiola vulgaris, 191. TAS Linaria, 139.00 Radith water, 418. alsty-vas! - Narciffus, 200, 205. Radix-cava, .239. diisin by si - Orchis, 546, 548. Ragged Robin, 270.om Ptarmica, 527.20 4806 Ragwort, 521.1 301 Pteris, 654. YAS320 broad leaved, 521, 522. Packefifts, 781. Visto hoary perennial, 520.I PUFFBALL, 780.W320 marſh, 521.0 23 SI Puff-balls, 781. WAG TO mountain, 5196 CLS Pulegium, 344. clodex RAMPION, 127. pigg SE latifolium, 344 Rampions horned, 128.15 regium, 344 Ranunculus, 330. sbales Pulmonarie, 102. gay Ranunculus aquaticus, 151, Pulmonaria gallica, 490. 331. WOSIAHTARI Моя Я - latifolia, 108. aquatilis, 333, 334. $ Pulſatilla, 328.loy? arvenſis, 333. sada vulgaris, ibid. arvorum, ibid. med SI PURSLANE, 2137 auricomus, 331. Purflane fea, 631.08 27 bulbofus, 332 Puffe-ball, 781.stiqleedus fammeus, 331.1 Pyrafter, 295. gabi globoſus, 330. Pyrola, 2450$ onim hederaceus, 333, 562.. Pyrola, 246.3299999 hirfutus, 333. sidbod alfines, 222. longifolius, 331. aud SI minor, 246. luv montanus, 330, noftras, ibid. - nemorolus, 239, 2329. rotundifolia, ibid. 331. der das adis - fecunda, ibid. 140.8 nemorum, 439.s --- tenerior, ibid. ugo paluftris, 331, 332. Purus, 295 pratenſis, 232, 333 Pyrus Sylveſtris, 295.H20 % Rapa ſativa, 400.0 121 QUAKEGRASS, 48. Rapha - Rape, ibid. IX N D D E X. lxxvii Rapha niftrum, 399.2010 River beard, 753.1.2014 Raphanus, 393. Silp to 99910 RIVERWEED, 746. - VI Raphanus aquaticus, 416. Robin run in the hedge, 340. ruſticanus, 394. @uorau Rock creffe, 392.07 fylveilris, 395, 399. ROCKET, 412.20 ЯМІЯ Rapiſtrum, 399, 416. Rocket, bafe, 279. stormise album, 399.0 si ti broad-leaved, 419 aquaticum, 418.00 wall, 418. Antti arvorum, 416. INUO wild, 407. 12 VISIE Rapum majus. 406. uprigo winter, 400. MUSS geniſtæ, 36 isol yellow, 418. 16 Rapunculus, 128, 532, ROCKWORT, 392. lol alopecuroides, 128. ROPEGRASS, 47 15 corniculatus, 123. Ros folis, 191. eſculentus, 129 Roſa, 298. Rapuntium parvum, 129, Rofa arvenſis, 299. Raiberry buſh, 301. 2 canina, 300. RATTLE, 371. luy sipin pinipinella. 299. Ray-graſs, 66. 1918 pomifera, ibid. Red maithes, 334. bt pumila, ibid. morocco, 334. bagus , fylveftris, 298, 299, 300 rot, 191. towy ROSE, 298. fhanks, 235.07 ' ROSEBAY, 122, REDWORT, 83. Tech Roſemary, wild, 247 REED, 59. ROSEWORT, 615.109 REEDMACE, 572. Roſmarinum fylveſtre, 2471 Regina prati, 297. UMASE Rubeola arvenſis, 8395104 Refeda, 278. or eso que minor, ibid. Reſeda minor, 279. faxatilis, 8o. Le vulgaris, 279. vulgaris, 82. Do RESTHARROW, 441. Rubia, 78. Bg siterono Rhamnoides fructifera, 6o9. Rubia anglica. 79. Rhamnus, 132. lovin cynanchica, 82.helio Rhamnus, 132, 608. pratenfis, 81. luv catharticus, 133 = fylveftris, 79, 81. UT Rubus, 30120 8 small to folutiyus, 133. Rubus alpina, go2.dolor Rbinanthus, 371. otolg ideus, 301. 1982 Rhodia, 615. onbon minor, 302. klo Rbodiola, 615. olid repens, ibid. slory ' Rhus, 610. urolige faxatilis, ibid. fylveftris, 610. vulgaris, ibid. Ribes, 135. clerosin Rumex, 216. ston Ribes, 135, 136. Ruppia 92. bruto alpinus, ibid. RUPTUREWORT, 148. nigrum, ibid. Rupturewort, leaft, 191. vulgaris, 135. Rulous, 621. Riccia, 703.00 RUSH, 210, 8! Ruſh, 3:23AJA primus, 608. 1xxxviii Ι. Ν D Ε Χ. Salt-wort, 3. aquatica, ibid. Ruſh, common hairy wood, 212 Salix viminalis, 601. flowering, 242. vulgaris, 605, hares-tail, 29. SALLOWTHORN, 608. Jointed-leaved, 212. Sallowthorn, common, 604, leaſt, 28. Salſafy, 481. ſoft, 211. Salfola, 142. fea, hard, 210. SALTWORT, 138. RUSHGRASS, 24. Ruthgraſs ſmall Plymouth, 28. black, 139 white flowered, 25. Salvia, 14. RUSTYBACK, 648. Sambucus, 185. Ruta mukaria, 653. Sambucus, 186. RYE, 61. aquatica, 184. S aquatilis, 184. SAFFRON, 22. humilis, 185 Saffron meadow, 214. palustris, 184. mountain, 215. Samolus, 127 Sage of Jeruſalem, 103. Samolus valerandi, 127. wood, 347 SAMPHIRE, 168. Sazina, 89. Samphire golden, 515. Sagina fpergula, 257. marſh, 3. Sagitta, 581. prickly, 156. SANDWORT, 256. Sagittaria, 581. Sanguiſorba, 78. SAINTFOIN, 458. Sanguiſorba major, 78. Saiatfoin, 459. ininor, 534. Saint James's wort, 521. SANICLE, 152. John's-wort, 466. Sanicle Yorkſhire, 11. hairy, 467 Sanicula, 152. inarih, 468. Sanicula montana, II. mountain, 467. officinarum, 152. park-leaves, 466. vulgaris, 152. upright, 468. Saponaria, 253 Saint Peter's-wort, 466. Saponaria. 254. Salicaria vulgaris, 276. concava. 254. Salicornia 2. major. ibid. Salicornia geniculata, 3- SATYRION, 545. hyfiopifolia, 276. Satyrion abortivum, 547. Salix, 60o. frog, 546. Salix alpina, 602. or bee-flower, 549. arborea, 603. Satyrium. 545. caprea, 603, 604. SAW-WORT, 500. fragilis, 601. Saxifraga, 251. humilis, 604. Saxifraga, ibid. latifolia, 600, 604. alba, 252. pumila, 603, 604. alpina, 251. fativa, 601. anglica, 161. ſaxatilis, 602. anglicana, Sg. -- Saxi. EX1xxxix verna, ibid. Ι Ν D Ε Χ. IX . Saxifraga aurea, 250. SCURVYGRASS, 293. muſcofa, 253 Scurvy-graſs common, ibid. paluſtris, 266. common ſea, 394. rotundifolia, 250, 252. Dutch, 393 -- Scotcih, 118. SAXIFRAGE, 250, Scutellaria, 359 Saxifrage alternate-leaved go!. Sea beard, 753. den, 250. cuſhion, 1934 conmon golden, ibid. girdle. 743 Cornwall, 169 SEAGRASS, 92. Engliſh marſh, 266. Sea-heath, broad-leaved, 198. meadow, 161. ſmooth, 19. white, 252. Sea-pine, 741. Scabiofa, 74. thongs, 738. Scabioſa, 74, 75. Scaves, 211. major, 75, 529. Sea-wrack, branched, graſs. minima, 532. leaved, 554 minor, 75. Secale, 61. pratenſis, ibid. Sedum, 262. vulgaris, ibid. Sedum alpinum, 251, 252, 253- SCABIOUS, 532. arvenſe, 265 Scabious hairy, ſheeps, 532. majus, 284. leffer field, 750 minimum, 265. Scandix, 174. minus, 143, 263, 264, Scandix vulgaris, 374. 265 Schanus, 24. paluſtre, 265. Scilla, 207. parvum, 264. Scirbus, 96. purpureum, 265 Scirpus equiſeti, 27. tridactylites, 25% foliaceus, 28. SEDGE, 563 maritimus, 28. Seggrum, 521. minimus, 2; Selaginoides, 657. montanus, 27 Selago, 658. $claria pratenſis, 14. Scleranthus, 249. SELFHEAL, 362. Scordium, 347. Selinum, 17i. และ 2 legitimum, 347 ſegetale, 171. majus, 347: Sempervivum, 284. You . Scorodopraſum primum, 2016 Sempervivum, 265. artigo site SCORPIONGRASS, 110. majus, 284. Scrogs, 290. minus 265. Scrooby-grafs, 393. Senecio, 519; Scrophularia, 374. Senecio fætidus, 520.. Scrophularia, 375. hirſutus, 486,5200 aquatica, 374. incanus, 520. major, ibid. minor, ibid. nodoſa, ibid. -- vulgaris, ibid. vulgaris, ibid. SENGREEN, 251. vulgaris, ibid. -- i Sen. XC Sium, 177 m. bidea eives , . ſmall, 25?slobor ניכוי majus, 167, 177.1991 THVL SLIPPER, 551. umbellatum, 169. o lloroé И IN D E X. Sengreen mountain heath-like, a Sium, 16 7 2 1997arodts enfonto Width 251. rullstorld aiterum, . ! triid, 253: aromaticum, 171,9997 Gulsa yellow mountain, 252. arvenſe, ibid. MTD Septfoil, 304. dioſcoridis, 167. 1964d sidqoa Serapias, 550. ere&tum, ibid. 108 doa Serapias batrachites, 546. latifolium, ibid. 0802 - minor, 544. Orandro Serpyllum vulgare, 360. 666. bols minimum, 414 DOM talvi Serratula, 500. minus, 167. HU leathiot Serratula purpurea, ibid. pufillum, 171. инча 1. vulgaris, ibid. SERVICE, 292. 012 Service tree common wild, 29.1 Sloe-tree, 290 ŠHTUO2 p990.- Seſamoides falamanticum, 260. SMALLAGE, 182. Seſeli caruifolia, 161. Smilax lævis, 117. TIHTW.02 988d-wo pratenſe, ibid. Smyrnium, 178. Wedno Setterwort, 327. Smyrnium tenuifolium, 169A9A Shavegraſs, 647 es SNAILSHELL, 461. SHEPHERDS-NEEDLE,174 SNAKEWEED, 234. Meritagunda Shepherds-pouch, 397. Snap-dragon greater, 381,9744 purſe, ibid. Sherardia, 83. Sneezewort, 527. ** 52 Shrub ſtonecrop, 143- SNOWDROP, 783.s musiqa SIBBALD, 192. SOAPWORT, 253. ilgas Sibbaldia, ibid. og garn que SOFTGRASS, 625. sed Sibthorpia, 375: Solanifolia, 15 Pixel sicklewort, 348. Solanuni, 124 Sideritis, 352, 355. Solanum, 118. Danton alfines, ibid. ngozira fætidum, ibid. 310W-1899a oral. anglica, ibidt. hortenſe, 125 W3992 arvenfis, 354. lethale, 126. humilis, 355. lignofum, 124. flow bago Silcne, 260. melano-ceraſus, 1 26. officinarum, 125 2010 Simplers joy, 345. quadrifolium, 240. Simpſon, 520. fcandens, 124 TOTES Sinapi, 416.atred and vulgare, 125, album, ibid. Soldanella marina 118. . 10 ſativum, ibid. 17 vulgaris, ibid. Sinapis, 415. Soldier freſh-water, 354. Sifon, 171. Solidago, 517. Sifon, ibid. Solomon's feal, 204. xos 879q2 vulgare, ibid. tweet-finelling, 203.3 Sifymbrium, 417: Soncho alinis, 492. 033923791992 Siiymbrium cardamine, 417. Sonchus, 484. បុរី, 8. do 2 hirfutum, 343 Sonehits leaſt, ibid. at 5 a fomu Silverweed, 307, smile Parol I NA a D E X. xci Sphagnum acum 6000 paluſtre, 659. biti fubulatum, 659: asic243 ſheeps, ibid, די Sonchus arboreſcens, 4841 aſper, ibid. lævis, 4852 48700 ross heteromallum, 659, repens, 4541.mgsino's nodoſum, 670, tricubitalis, ibid 2. wolley Sophia Chirugorum, 419, pennatuin, 192. .! (01 1 (១៤) Sorb, 291, 293• as un Sorbres, 292. milotin Sorbus, 293: vermiculare, 661. UTSCH on --- legitima, ibid. Sphordyliuin, 1536 mullegi Coutine ſylveſtris, 291, 293 hirſutuin, 154. torminalis, 291. vulgare, 153 Sortie Sorrell round-leaved mountain, SPICEWORT, 20). 219. SPIGNEL, 165. 1913 SPIKENARD, 507.7 % SOUTHERNWOOD, 504, Spina acida, 199. CC Sow-bane, 144. alba, 500. 1961 SOWTHISTLE, 484. appendix, 292, Sowthiſtle blue mountain, 485. SPINDLE, 134. 190 W2013 SPARAGUS, 208. HAYSpindle tree, ibid. . Sparganium, 571. IS WEXASpiræa, 297- GLO Sparganium minimum, 572, Splachnum, 651. ramoſum 571. SPLEENWORT, 652. corsdaad Spartiam, 440 Spleenwort, 650. Spartum auſtriacum, 44.WORD rough, 648.803). derde anglicanum, 600 WTA Spongia ramoſa, 743. Taara batavum, 30. Sprattling poppy, 259. indelse Effexianum, 44 al Spring-graſs, 10. marinum, 60. SPUNK, 766. TEQWD noſtras, 30. SPURGE, 280. muitob Spear-wort great, 331. Spurge rough-fruited, 232. leſſer, ibid. Blato fea, 282. SPEEDWELL, 7. ſmall purple ſea, 230, Speedwell, bugle-leaved, 7. Spurge-laurel, 233.com germander-leaved, 10. Spurge-olive, 232. littie, 8. SPURREY, 266. bagwan long, leaved water, 9. Spurrey ſmall, ibid. Coprolon male 8. SQUILL, 207 uzulood narrow-leaved water, 9. Squinancy berries 136. GE or chickweed, 1o. trifid, 10. upright Spiked male, 7. Stachys Fuchſii, 355 Welſh, ibid. major, ibid. 14 paluſtris, ibid. vulgaris, 354. Spergula annua, ibid. cadono Staphylæa, 197. purpurea, 2572 Staphylodendron, 187. Sphagnum, 658. Star - - wort, 82. Stachys 354 Sperage, 208. Spergula, 266. 2% 2 excii I X NI DE IX, T Star of Bethlem fpiked, 907. magnum, 103. iqlid' of the earth, 77. majus, ibid.lotron thiſtle, 530.1097 Synanchica, 821100V STARGRASS, 3.1 bis utolliv STARJELLY, 731, down! resisertissglov STARTIP, 692. Wor Tamus, 612. epiteyli STARWORT, 324.don't Tanacetum, 506.A MOHT Starwort fea, 524. Tanacetum luteuin, 506, T TANSEY, ibid. IALAHI Statice, 192. Stellaria, 258.googoose Tanſey wild, 307.stasid? Stellaria, 3- soyogh TARE, 463. ТИП:ЯНТ aquatica, 3, 4, Tare, 451.13 g 210W-BOTT- Stink.horn, 771. everlaſting, 448. Stipa, 44. ſtrangle, 451.. STITCHWORT, 258, Targionia, 701. MOSHT Stichwort leaſt, 8g.ga Tar-ſough, 731. MYHT Stock-bill, 424. ZA Taxus, 620.10T STONECROP, 263.2 TEASEL, 73. decey Stonecrop ſhrub, 143, Teaſel manured, ibid, wall, 265.10 ſmall wild, ibid, siiT white-flowered, 264. -- wild, 73. STONEWORT, 560. Telephium, 263. domit Stote, 771. vulgare, ibid. caci Stramonium ſpinoſum, 113. Teſticulus vulpinus, 550, Stratiotes, 324. pot Teucrium, 346. Stratiotes, 324,618. Teucrium alpinum, 305 STRAWBERRY, 305, Thalictrum, 325. Strawberry one leaved or Ver- Thalictrun, 326. ſailles, 305. – majus, ibid. STRAWBERRY-TREE,248 minimum, ibid. Subularia, 390. minus, ibid. Subularia ereta, ibid. Thapſus barbatus, 120. fragilis, 656. Thelium, 139: TRÀ ---- lacuſtris, ibid. THISTLE, 496. l. Thiſtle cotton, 500. Succiſa, 74. Botto dwarf carline, 499. SUCCORY, 486. Engliſh foft, 49801 Succory ſmall ſwines, 493 ladies, ibid. sboot wild, 478. Saint Barnaby's, 530. yellow, 482. upon thiſtle, 497. Sulphurwort; 160 wild carline, 4940T SUNDEW, 191. Thlaſpeos, 397. HTOOT Sunflower little, 319. Thlaſpi, 396. Sweet William wild childing, Thlaſpi, 389, 396, 397. 255. alpinum, 397 IOT Swertia, 140. arvenſe, 390, 397. Sycamore tree, 628. Diofcoridis, 396. 1 Symphytum, 105. minus, 395, 397 Symphytum conſolida, 105, mithridaticun, 397. maculoíum, 103 Thlafpi repens, ibid. Ι Ν D EX Ε Χ. chi Thlafpi montanum, ibid. tormentilla alpina, 8520 rata perfoliatum. ibid. argentea, ibid. vaccariæ, 396.baya reptans, 304. villoſum, ibid. ſylveſtris, ibid. TATO vulgatiffimum, 397 Touch me not, 537. SATA vulgatius, ibid. TOWERER, 408.SIATZ THORN APPLE, 118. Trachelium majus, 129: 12 THOROUGHWAX, 166. -- minus, 130. yow4818 THREADMOSS, 6 0. Tragon, 143 Three faces under a hood, 536. Tragopogon, 480. THRIFT, 192.1% Tragopogon luteum, 480. Throat-wort giant, 129. pratenſe, ibid. great, ibid, isva purpureum, 481, leſſer, 130. purpuro-cæruleum, ibid. THRUMWORT, 220, Trag-orchis maxima, 545- THYME, 360.313 Tragus, 143 Thyme, mother of 360. TRAVELLERSJOY, 325. Thymus, 360. JURA Treacle muſtard perfoliate, 397. Tilia, 319. bomanis 15 Tree-ino's, 727. Tilia fæmina, 320, TREFOIL, 453 vulgaris, ibid, Trefoil, birds-foot, 464. Timothy-grafs, 39, il decumbent, 457. Ora Tithymalus, 281. greater birds-foot, 464. - arvenfis, 282 -honeyſuckle or purple 455 characias, 283. long-leaved purple, ibid. helioſcopius, 282. ſmallest hedge-hog, 462. hibernicus, ibid. four, 271. VAR latifolius, ibid. Tremella, 731. krvoda leptophyllus, 231, Tremella arborea, 732. maritimus, 280, 281. auricula, 777. / ANTG myrfinites, 282, fluviatilis, 733 paralias, 281. marina, 734, 735, 736, 737, platyphyllos, 282, paluſtris, 691, 732,736, ſegetum, 231, --- verrucoſus, 282. terreſtris, 731, 732 TOADFLAX, 377. Tribulus aquaticus, 91.2 Toad-flax, 379. Trichonanes, 655.70 - blue corn, 379. Trichomanes, 653. common yellow, ibid. fæmina, 654. TOADGRASS, 85. ramofum, ibid.ng/2 TOOTHWORT, 368. Trientalis, 222. AUS Tordylium, 159. Trifolium. 453. Vous Tordylium latifolium, 157. Trifolium, 456. Wow, TORMENTIL, 303. arvenſe, ibid. Tormentilla, 303 acetofum, 271, 272. Torineutilla, 304. cochleatum, 462. . 21 Trifolium stosowe bindur parvus, 280. 737. sciv 1 Ulmaria, 297 Uſnea, 727 IN I N D E X. 9 "Trifolium cordatum, ibid, echinatum, ibid. eks vulgaris, ibid. JTIVIIV fragiferum, 457.0 CA. 13 Ulmus, 149. Al edmog 240V lupulinum, 457, 458.1 Ulmus campeſtris, a 49.ool - luteum, 461, 462. vulgariffima, ibid. uolsdro V majus, 524. SKB Ulva, 734. ITV[y? medium, 455. STEIT Ulva marina, 734, 735, 736, minus, 454. obilu 737- OTT montanum, 455, 462, paluftris, 736. semoledis V paludoſum, 116. terreſtris, 731. doil paluſtre, ibid. Umbilicus veneris, 262. parvum,257 Urtica, 573. Ingia pratenſe, 454, 455, 456, Urtica aculeata, 355.000 Toy minor, 573 O Suodov 457, 462. pumilum, 454. 3 pilulifera, ibid. 250 purpureum, 455. racemifera, 574. slov filiquoſum, 464 romana, 573 niedro ſtellatum, 456.3 urens, 573, 574. vulgaris, 5 24. Cestoi nav Triglochin, 2 15. barbata, ibid. login ТА.ИЯТ Tri-orchis, 547.TUSH capillacea, 728, TANNHV 'Triple ladies traces, ibid, jubata, 727. Does Triticum, 62. rigida, ibid. 0 son019 Trollius, 329. vulgaris, ibid.sups Trubs, 781. vulgatiffima, 728. TRUELOVE, 240, . Utricularia, 12. D'ESTISHO Truffles, 781. Vaccinia nigra, 228.ml Tubera, ibid. ove paluſtris, 229. 8 - cervina, ibid...ooi rubra, 229, 248, pernicioſa, ibid. Vaccinium, 228 73019 terræ, ibid, essalo Vacciniun cantabricum, 247. TUBEROOT, 214. paluſtre, 229. Tun-hoof, 340 Valantia, 627. TURBANTOP, 771. VALERIAN, 20. leur , TAVSTV TURKEYPOD, 404. Valerian great wild, 21, FOTHV Turneps, 406. Greek, 122. 101110 c019 V Turritis, 408. Hong ſmall wild, 21. LOTTO Turritis muralis, ibid. od 2009 Valeriana, 20. vulgaris, 404 Valeriana cærulea, 122. Tuffilago, 522 campeſtris, 21, WP Tuſſilago, 523 az græca, 122. TUTSAN, 466. minor, 21. TWAYBLADE, 547. paluſtris, ibid. TWINGEWORT, 494 lylveſtris, ibid. Typha minor, ibid. Valentia, 627. paluftris, ibid, Vella, 391. domino VEL. 319 13190 O SIN pi 1973 Typha, 572. Valerianella arvenſis, 21.OTIV Ulex, 443 X 0 1 N Da Enx. VIN XCV Tes siism & en grote -- mas, ibid. 319419V Botime bidabro milon VELVETLEAF, 427. luv Viburnum, 184. mutenidos Venus comb, 174. PAT2 Vicia, 450. TC couroligsit - looking glaſs leſſer, 1300 UVicia, 451, 452ontlucot Verbaſculum pratenſe, 114 lutex, 448. U 90! ſylvarum, 113. Die maxima, 462. a umbellatum, 114. VIU minima, 464. cibor Verbaſcum, 120. multiflora, 451.ru Verbaſcum album, 120 Inc ſativa, ibid. Na Son ប) lichnitis, ibid. none ſegetum, 463.boing ſepium, 452. nigrum, 121. ſylvatica, 456. Verbena, 345 ង ន សែន ſylveſtris, 450, 451,45% Verbena communis, 3456 463 20 mas, 345.679tibolig at Vinca, 123. cada vulgaris, 345 m2 Vinca pervinca, 123. a Verbeſina, 503. 2:60003 Vine wild, 594. minima, 503. 2nd Viola, 534: Vermicularis, 143, 264, 265. Viola, alpina, 535 you fruticofa, 143. canina, 535 VERNALGRASS, 16. flammea, 536. 37-5-T Veronica, 7. lutea, 402, 536. Veronica, 10. kisebagi martia, 534, 535- aquatica, 9. tryl montana, 536. erecta, 7. iselo nigra, 535 chamadryoides, 9. paluſtris, 116, 534UAT fæmina, 378. fimplex, 535. ſylveſtris, 535 minor, ibid. tricolor, 536.39 pratenfis, ibid. Violet, 534 log re&ta, 7:12. Violet calathian, 141. 14 ſpicata, ibid. unſavory dames, 4030 water, 115.100-T VERVAIN, 345. Viorna, 325. VASUT VIPERGRASS, 101. UT Vetch bitter, 446. Virga aurea, 517, 518, 52208 common, 451. le paſtoris, 73. 20. stos Engliſh wood, 446. Virgins bower, 325.0 m eisited' marih, chickling, 449. Viſcaria, 255. gl. liquorice, 452. Viſcum, 609. rough-codded chickling, Vitis idæa, 228, 229, 2480" Volubilis nigra, 238.1 AZTUT tufted horſe-ſhoe, 460. ruſtica, 442. ISYAWI wood, 450. WWри1 2 3 VETCHCAP, 701. Wake-robin, 553: VETCHLING, 447. WALLFLOWER, 401.dn Vetchling, common, yellow, Wall-wort, 185. hulva Wart-wort, 282. Water- mas, 8. vera, 8. VETCH, 450 180g 448. -445. хсу: 1 ND E X. - Water-betony, 374 WATERCRESS, 417. Watercreſles, ibid. Water-dock great, 217 WATERLILY 321. Water-lily fringed, 116. WATERMOSS, 691. Water-pepper, 235. WATERPINE, 239. WATERSOLDIER, 324. WATERWORT, 176. Waterwort, 239. Way-bread, 76. Way-faring tree, 184. Way-thiſtle, 501. WEATHERCOCK, 537- WHEAT, 62. Whis, 443. White-bean tree, 291. White-thorn, 29%. White-rot, 151 WHITLOWGRASS, 389. Whitlow-graſs, 252. common, 389. WHORTLE, 228. Whortle-berries, 229. red, 229. Widow-wail, 232. Wild-briar, 300. Wild-williams, 270. Wilding, 296. WILLOW, 600. Willow bay-leaved, 601. broad-leaved, 604- common, 605. roſe-mary-leaved, 604. round-leaved, 603- ſweet, 610. WILLOWHERB, 225. Willowherb, 276. - great flowered, 226. hooded, 359. leffer hooded. 360. ſmall hairy flowered, 225. yellow, 112. Wind berry, 228 WINTERGREEN, 222. Wintergreen common, 246. denred-leaved, ibid. - letier, ibid. WOAD, 401. Woad wild, 279. Wolfs-claw; 6572 Wood peaſe, 444. WOODROOF, 82. Wood-ruſh ſmall hairy, 213. WOODSORREL, 271. Wood waxen, 441. WORMSEED, 399. Wormwood, common, 505. Roman, 504 fea, 504. Woundwort, 517. Х Xanthium, 579. Xyris, 24. Y YARROW, 527. Yarrow, common, 528. YELLOWEYE, 493. YELLOW-WEED, 278. YEW, 620. Yew-tree, 620. Z Zannichellia, 561. Zoſtera, 554 CLASS C L A S S Ι. . Folia Ο Ν Ε C HIV Ε. C Se 140 OR DE R I. 1 και Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L, MARESTAIL. Empalement none. Bolfom none. Β. 2. GLASSWORT. Empalement of one leaf. Bloſſom none, † Parſley-piert. ORD ER 11. T W Ο Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L S. 3. STARGRASS. Empal. none. Bloſs . two petals. Capſule two celis. VOL. 1, B Σ. ΜARES. 2 ONE CHI V E. 1.MARESTAIL. 11 Hippuris. Linnæi Syft. Naturæ. CHIVE, Common Vulgaris EMPALEMENT, None. BLOSSOM, None. Thread lingle, growing upon the receptacle of the flower. Tip flightly cloven. Pointal, Seedbud oblong; ſuperior. Shaft ſingle; awl- POINTAL ſhaped ; upright; longer than the chive; fituated betwixt the chive and the ftem. Suremit ſharp; fimple. SEED VESSEL, None. SEED, Single, roundiſh, naked. MARESTAIL. As there is only one ſpecies known, Lin- næus gives no deſcription of it. Leaves narrow; growing in whorls round the joints, twelve or nuore at each joint. Flowers equal in number to the leaves. Stem ſtraight; jointed. Limnopeuce. Ray's Syn. 136. Equiſetum paluſtre brevioribus foliis, polyſpermum. Bauh. pin. 15. Cauda equina fæmina. Gerard. 1114. Equiſetum paluftre alterum, brevioribus fetis. Park 1200. In muddy ponds and ditches. P. May. The Flower of this plant is found at the baſe of each leaf, and is as ſimple as can be conceived; there being neither em- palement nor bloſſom ; and only one chive, one pointal, and one ſeed. It is a very weak aſtringent.--Goats will eat it; but Cows, Sheep, Horſes and Swine refuſe it. 2, GLASSWORT. 10 Salicornia. EMPAL. Four-edged ; lopped; diſtended; permanent. BLOSS. None. CHIVË. Thread ſingle, fimple; longer than the cup. Tib double ; oblong; upright. Point. Seedbud oblong, egg-ſhaped. Shaft ſimple, ſtand- ing under the chive. Summit cloven. S.Vess: None, the cup diftended and permanent, in- cludes the feed, SEED, Single. Obs. The number of chives in this genus is not very certain ; fume baving found two in each flower. GLASSWORT ON E POIN TA L. 3 GLASSWORT with ſpreading, jointed, herbaceous ſtems. Jointed Each joint compreſſed and cloven at the top.- Flowers three to- Herbacea gether, placed on each ſide the ſtem, in the clefts of the joints. Salicornia geniculata annua. Rays Syn. 136. Kali geniculatum annuum. Bauh. pin. 289. Gerard. 535. Park. 280. The varieties are, 1. Branches ſomewhat woody and trailing. Ray's Syn. 136. 2. With very long trailing ſhoots. Ray's Syn. 137. 3. Much branched and trailing. Leaves ſhort, purpliſh. Ray's Syn. 137: 4. Upright with ſhort leaves reſembling thoſe of Cypreſs. Ray's Syn. 137 Marſh Samphire. Saltwort. Common on the ſea ſhore. A. Auguſt. Sept. From the aſhes of this plant a foffile alkaly is obtained, which is in great requeſt for making ſoap and glaſs. It is chiefly made on the coaſt of the Mediterranean ſea, and is called Soda. The green plant ſteeped in ſalted vinegar makes an excellent pickle, very little inferior to Samphire. The whole plant hath a ſaltiſh taſte, and is greedily devoured by cattle. a Order II. Two Pointals. 3 STARGRASS. 13 Callitriche. EMPAL. None. Bloss. Two Petals bowed inwards, channelled; taper- ing to a point, ſtanding oppoſite to each other Chive. Thread ſingle, long, crooked. Tip fimple. Point. Seedbud, nearly round. Shafts, two, hair-like, crooked. Summit ſharp. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh, a little compreſſed ; with four angles and two cells. Seeds. Oblong: two in each cell. Oes. In the firſt species the chive and pointal are in ſeparate flowers. STARGRASS with the upper leaves oval; the chive and Vernal pointals in ſeparate flowers-Stems feeble, numerous. Bloſſoms/mall , Verna. white. Upper leaves growing near together in form of a fiar. Lower leaves in pairs. Stellaria. Ray's Syn. 289. Stellaria aquatica. Bauh. pin. 141. Park 1282. Alfine paluftris ſerpyllifolia. Gerard. 614. Star-headed Water Chickweed. 1. Small and creeping. Ray's Syn. 289. Very common in ditches and ſtagnant waters. A. April. Aug. B 2 STARGRASS 4 ONE CHI V E, &c. Autumnal Autumnalis STARGRASS with all the leaves ſtrap-ſhaped and cloven at the end. The chive and pointals in the faine flower.-Blofſoms yellowiſh white. Stellaria aquatica longifolia. Ray's Syn. 290. In ditches and ſtagnant waters. A. Sept. It ſometimes grows ſo thickly matted together as to allow one to walk upon it without finking. Food a laus CLASS 01 CLASS S IT. TWO CHI VE S. 194 19TO 4801 ORDER I. ONE POINTAL. Narrow-leaved Dittander. Shining Willow. Common Aſh. * Bloſſoms of one regular petal ; beneath. 4. PRIVET. Bloſſom with four clefts . Berry with ** Bloſſoms of one irregular petal; beneath. Seeds in a capſule. 5. SPEEDWELL. Bloſſom with four diviſions in the border; the lower ſegment nar- rower than the others. 6. BUTTERWORT. Blofs. gaping; furniſhed with a ſpur. Empalement cloven into five parts. BLADDERWORT. Bloſs. gaping ; furniſhed with a fpur. Empalement of two leaves. *** Bloloms of one irregular petal; beneath. Seeds naked. 8. GYPSIE. Bloſs. nearly equal. Chives diſtant from each other. 9. CLARY. Bloſs. gaping. Threads very ſhort ; each ſupporting a croſs thread. Jointed Glaſſwort. **** Bloſſoms ſuperior. 10. CIRCE. Cup of two leaves. Bloſs. two pe- tals; inverſely heart-ſhaped. Order II. Two Pointals. 11. VERNALGRASS. Huſks oblong; one flower in each. Bloſs. a huſk furnihed with an awn. + Toadgraſs. B 3 4. PRIVET. 6 TWO CHI VE S. 4 PRIVET. 18 Liguſtrum. Common Vulgare Empal. Cup of one leaf; tubular; very ſmall; with four upright blunt teeth in its rim. Bloss. One funnel ſhaped petal, the Tube cylindrical, longer than the empalement: Border expanded ; divided into four egg-ſhaped Segments, Cilives. Threads two; fimple, oppoſite. Tips upright, nearly as long as the Bloſſom. HO Point. Seedbud nearly round. Shaft very ſhort. Summit, thick, blunt, cloven. S.Vess. Berry globular, ſmooth; of one cell. SEEDS. Four; convex on one ſide; angular on the orher. w or VII PRIVET. As there is only one ſpecies known, Linnæus gives no deſcription of it-Leaves growing in pairs. Bloſſoms white. Berries black Ligustrun. Gerarda 714. Park. 1446. Ray's Syn. 465. Liguſtrum germanicum. Bauh, pin. 475. Prim. 1. The leaves are ſometimes variegated with white or yellow ſtripes. In the hedges in gravelly foils. S. May. June. It is planted to make hedges--the purple colour upon cards is prepared from the berries -With the addition of alum, the ber- ries dye wool and filk of a good and durable green; for this purpoſe they muſt be gathered as ſoon as they are ripe—the leaves are bitter, and flightly aftringent.-Oxen, Goats and Sheep eat it. Horfes refuſe it.com The inſeats obſerved to feed upon this plant are the Private Hawk Morby Sphinx Liguſtri-Richmond Beauty, Phaleira Syringaria. Collow Locais 5. SPEED. ONE POINT AL. 7 Foto ar to soorta B 5 SPEED WELL. 25 Veronica. 1.1912 sitor Empal. Cup with four diviſions; permanent; the fege ments ſpear-ſhaped; ſharp. Bloss. Wheel-ſhaped; of one petal. Tube nearly as long as the empalement. The border flat, divided into four egg-ſhaped ſegments the lower ſegment narroweſt, and that oppolite to it the broadeft. Cuives, Threads two thinneſt at the bottom; aſcend- , ing. Tips oblong. todo o Point. Seedbud compreſſed. Shaſt thread-ſhaped, declin. ing; as long as the chives. Summit , fimple. S. Vess. Capſule inverſely heart-ſhaped, compreſied at the point; with two cells and four valves. SBEDS. Several, roundilh.mw IJTVG 2. oitola tion about boomt 9 9 Lille Oes. The tube of the blojom is different in different ſpecies; in moſt it is very ſhort, but in the three firft species it is longer.0019 * Flotvers growing in Spikes.com irritere 10.5" icots s SPEEDWELL with a l'terminating tipike; and oppoſite, Spiked c blunt, fcolloped leaves. Stein aſcending iqundi vided-Bloſſoms Spicata blue. i is lliw (19902 Veronica Spicata minor, Bauh. pin. 247. Ray's Syn. 279. . . Veronica recta minimal Gerard. 627.10 JIJIWIT Sertilsloosa Veronica erecta anguſtifolia. Parkı 550.oy sel beqsidega gawumas Upright fpiked male Speedwell, or Fluellin.sups s010V In meadows and paſtures. P. June, .080 Cows and Sheep will eat it. i Goats and Horſes refuſe it. A nomyosa sunt partialuri sirupe alistas SPEEDWELL. Spikes terminating, leaves oppofite, bluntly ſerrated, rough, ſtem upright-About a fkan langs Spike large and thick. Bloſſoins blue. This foems, to be the produži of the first Spe- Hybrida cies fertilized by the duſt of the third ſpécies.blin is geld Veronica Spicata Cambro-Britannica, bugulæ fubhirſuto folie. Ray's Syn. 278. tab. 11. 269 as oH *Welſh Speedwellow Bugle leaved Speedwell.- On the fides of mountains in Wales; particularly in Montgomeryſhire. On Craig Wreidhin...P. July. soyundu 'S Bafta... B 4 SPEED- 8 TWO CHI VE S, SPEEDWELL with ſpikes on lateral fruit-ſtalks ; leaves op- Cominon Officinalis poſite; ſtein trailing-Bloſſoms blue : ſcored. Leaves elliptical, ; : Jerrated, hairy. Little fruit-ſtalks ſhorter than the floral leaves. Veronica mas ſupina et vulgatiſſima. Bauh. pin. 246. Ray's Syn. 281. Veronica vera et Major. Gerard. 626. Veronica mas vulgaris et ſupina. Park 550. Male Speedwell. Fluellin. In barren ground and on heaths. P. May. The leaves have a ſmall degree of aſtringency, and are fome- what bitter. An infuſion of them is recommended by Hoffman, as a ſubſtitute for tea ; but it is more aſtringent and leſs grateful than the Indian herb. It is eaten by Cows, Sheep, Goats and Horſes. Swine refuſe it. OTRE * * Flowers in broad bunches. Smooth SPEEDWELL with terininating bunches, nearly reſembling Serpyllifolia a ſpike. Leaves ſmooth; egg ſhaped; ſcolloped - Bloſſoms pale blue. Veronica pratenſis ſerpyllifolia. Bauh. pin. 247. Veronica pratenſis minor. Park. 551. Ray's Sjn. 279. Veronica minor. Gerard. 627. bia stige Paul's Betony. Paul's Betony. Little Speedwell. Little Speedwell. Hi JO13 In meadows and paſtures ; not uncommon. P. May. Sheep will eat it. Yogurt et Brooklime SPEEDWELL with lateral bunches; a creeping ſtem; and Beccabunga. fiat egg-ſhaped leaves-Bloſſoms blueol Leaves fitting ; ferrated. Veronica aquatica rotundifolia Beccabanga dieta minor. Ray's Syn. 280. 1 etuding but . Anagallis aquatica minor, folio fubrotundo. Bauh. piz. 252. Anagallis aquatica vulgaris, five Beccabunga. Park. 1236. Anagallis ſive Beccabunga. Gerard. 620. Common Brooklime. In ditches and rivulets. P. June. 2013 The leaves are mild and lucculent, and are eaten in fallads along with other early ſpringing plants. Cows, Goats and Horſes eat it. Swipe refuſe it. ន ៤ នាក់ , , , This and ſome other ſpecies of Speedwell afford nouriſhment to the Plantain Fritillary, Papilio Cinzia - Black Curculio, Curcu- lio Beccabunga and Chryſomela Beccabungæ. SPEED ONE POINT A L. 9 SPEEDWELL with lateral bunches an upright ſtem, and Pimpernel fpear-ſhaped ferrated leaves-Bloſſoms pale purple. Anagallis Veronica aquatica longifolia media. Ray's Syn. 280. Anagallis aquatica minor, folio oblongo. Bauh. pin. 252. Anagallis aquatica folio oblongo crenato. Park. 1237. Anagallis aquatica minor. Gerard. 620. Long leaved Water Speedwell. In ditches and ſhallow ponds. P. July. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it. SPEEDWELL with alternate lateral bunches; little fruit- Narrowleaved ſtalks pendant; and very entire ſtrap-ſhaped leaves-Bloſſoms Scutellata white or purpliſh. Veronica aquatica anguſtifolia minor. Ray's Syn. 280. Anagallis aquatica anguſtifolia ſcutellata. Bauh. pin. 252. Narrow leaved Water Speedwell or Pimpernel. In poor ſwampy foil. P. June. It is eaten by Cows, Goats, Sheep and Horſes. Swine refuſe it. SPEEDWELL with lateral bunches of only few flowers ; Stalked cup rough with hair, leaves wrinkled eggſhaped, ſcolloped, Montana ſtanding on leaf-ſtalks. Stem feeble-Bloſſoms pale blue. Leaves red on the under ſurface. Veronica chamædryoides foliis pediculis oblongis infidentibus. Ray's Syn. 281. Chamædryi ſpuriæ affinis, rotundifolia ſcutellata. Bauh. pin. 249. Mountain madwort.dk In hedges and moiſt woods. P. May. SPEEDWELL with lateral bunches; leaves egg-ſhaped, Germander wrinkled, toothed; without leaf-ſtalks. Stem feeble - the feg- Chamædrys ments of the cup unequal, Spear-ſhaped, beſet with hairs at the edges. Bunches of flozvers long, oppoſite, upright. Summit white; Bloſſoms blue. Chamædrys ſylveſtris. Gerard. 657. Ray's Syn. 281. Chamædrys fpuria minor rotundifolia. Bauh. pin. 249. Chamædrys ſpuria ſylveſtris. Park. 107. Wild Germander. In paſtures. P. May. 'The leaves are a better ſubſtitute for tea than thoſe of the common Speedwell, being more grateful and leſs aſtringent.- Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep, Horſes and Swine refuſe it. SPEED. 10 TWO. CHI VE S. Chickweed Agreltis 34 *** Fruitſtalks with one Flower. w SPEEDWELL with folitary flowers; leaves heart-ſhaped jagged; ſhorter than the fruii-ſtalk-Segments of the cup, ogs-fhafe ed; equal. Seeds four in cach cell of the capſule. Bloffomis blue. Veronica floribus fingularibus, in oblongis pediculis Chamæ- dryfolia. Ray's-Syn 279. Alhne foliis Triſsaginis. Gerard. 616. Park. 760. Alfine Chamadryfolia, flofculis pediculis oblongis infidentie bus. Bauh. pin. 250. co Germander leaved Speedwell. In paſtures and ploughed fields. A. May. TUNCE Cows, Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it. : SPEEDWELL with folitary flowers. Leaves heart-ſhaped ; jagged ; longer than the fruit-ſtalk -Segments of the cup, ſpear-ſhap- - cd, unequal. Bloſſoms pale Uue. The upper leaves have ne leaf-ſtalks. 1909 Veronica flofculis fingularibus, cauliculis adhærentibus. Ray's Syn. 279. Aline veronicæ foliis, flofculis cauliculis adhærentibus, , Bauh. pin. 250. C1 to do Alfine foliis veronica. Gerard. 613. வழம் Alline foliis fubrotundis veronicæ. Park. 762. W Speedwell or Chickweed. Upon old walls, amongſt rubbiſh, and in fallow fields. A. May. Horſes eat it, board Wall Arvenfis STDU01 Ivy-leaved Hederifolia SPEEDWELL with folitary flowers. Leaves heart-ſhaped ; flat; divided into five lobes-Seeds with a dimple at the top ; trvo, in each cell of the capſule. Segments of the cup heart-ſhaped, Bloſſoms blue. 13:30 IST WER 19 Veronica flofculis fingularibus, hederulæ folio, morſus gala linæ minor dicta. Rar's Syr. 280. Alfine hederulæ folio. Bauh. pin. 250. Alfine hederulæ folio minor. Park. 760, Alfme hederacea. Gerard. 616.) Small Henbit. ht Ditch-banks; ploughed fields. A. April. May.id . SPEEDWELL with ſolitary flowers. "Leaves deeply divided into fingers; fruit-ſtalks longer than the cup—Bloſſoms blue. Veronica flofculis fingularibus, foliis laciniatis, erecta. Ray's Sun. 280. so Alfine triphyllos cærulea. Bauh. pin. 250. Alfine triphyllos five laciniata. Park. 760, Algne recta. Gerard. 619. Trifid Speedwell. In fandy fields. A. May June. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. 6. BUTTER Cloven Triphyllos ONE POINT A L. 31 6 BUTTERWORT. 30 Pinguicula. Empat. Cup gaping; ſmall; farp; permanent. Upper lip upright; with three clefts; lower lip reflected; cloven. S rest Bloss. One petal, gaping. The longer lip ſtraight, blunt, with three clefts; falling back: the ſhorter slip cloven, more blunt and more blunt and more expanding, ewo being an expanſion of the lower and hinder part of the petal. Honey-cup, horn-ſhaped. Chives. Threads two; cylindrical; crooked; aſcending; fhorter than the cup. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud globular Shaft very short. Summit 39 with two lips ; the upper lip large; flat; reflected ; covering the tips; the lower lip ſhort; very narrow; a upright; cloven. S. Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; of one cell; compreſſed and opening at the point. SEEDS. Many; cylindrical. The Receptacle looſe. BUTTERWORT with a honeycup growing thicker towards Cornwall the point-Bloſſoms pale red. Leaves lying in a circle upon the Lufitanica ground. board Pinguicula flore minore carneo. Ray's Syn. 281. On the bogs in Cornwall. P. May. Refuſed by Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horſes and Swine. BUTTERWORT with a cylindrical honey-cup, the length Common of the Petal-Leaves covered with ſoft, upright, pellucid prickles ; Vulgaris. ſecreting a glutinous liquor. Bloſſoms pale red, or purple; but ſometimes white. Thetford Moto Pinguicula geſneri. Ray's Syn. 281. Pinguicula five fanicula eboracenſis. Park.532. Gerard. 783. Sanicula montana Flore calcari donato. Bauh. pin. 243. Yorkſhire Sanicle. On bogs. P. May. If the freſh gathered leaves of this plant are put into the filtre or ſtrainer through which the warm milk from the Cow is poured, and the milk is ſet by for a day or two to become aceſcent, it acquires a confiſtence and tenacity, the whey does not ſeperate, nor does the cream; in this ſtate it is an extremely grateful food, and as ſuch is uſed by the inhabitants in the North of Sweden. There is no further occaſion to have recourſe to the leaves, for half a ſpoonful of this prepared milk, mixed with freſh warm milk, will convert it to its own nature; and this again will change 9 12 TWO CHI V E S. change another quantity of freſh milk, and ſo on without end- The juice of the leaves kills lice; the common people uſe it to cure the cracks or chops in Cows elders- The plant is generally fuppoſed injurious to Sheep: occaſioning a diſeaſe which the farmers call the Rot. But it may be made a queſtion whether the Rot in Sheep is ſo much owing to the vegetables in marſhy grounds as to a flat inſect called a Fluke (Faſciola hepatica) which is found in theſe wet fituations adhering to the ſtones and plants, and likewiſe in the livers and biliary ducts of Sheep that are af- fected with the Rot.–From experiments made on purpoſe, and conducted win accuracy, it appears that neither Sheep, Cows, Horſes, Goats or Swine will feed upon this plant. a 7 BLADDERWORT. 31 Utricularia. EMPAL. Cup of two leaves, the leaves very ſmall; egg- fhaped ; concave; deciduous. Bloss. One petal, gaping. Upper lip flat, blunt, up- right. Lower lip large, flat, entire. A heart-ſhaped palate ſtanding prominent betwixt the lips. A Honey- cup like a little horn grows from the baſe of the petal. Chives. Threads two; very ſhort ; bent inwards. Tips fmall and adhering together. Point. Scedbud globular. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long cup. Summit conical. S. Vess. Capſule large; globular; of one cell. SEEDS. Many. Oes. The plants of this genus are very remarkable; the roots being loaded with ſmall membranaceous bladders. as the Common Vulgaris. a BLADDERWORT with a conical honeycap, and a ſtalk bear- ing but ſew flowers.--Honeycup awl aped, as long as the lower lip, and contiguous thereto. Mouth cloſed by a prominent palate. Bloſ- foms yellowu. Lentibularia. Ray's Syn. 286. Millefolium aquaticum lenticulatum. Bauh. pin. 141. Millefolium aquaticum flore luteo galericulato. Park. 1258. Millefolium paluſtre galericulatum. Gerard. 828. Common hooded Milfoil. In wet ditches and ſtagnant waters. P. June. July. BLADDER ONE Ο Ε TA L. 13 POIN Ν BLADDERWORT with a keelſhaped honeycup-pointing Leſler downwards. Mouth open. Roots hair-like, very ſmall, ſwimming, Minor beſet with ſmall membranaceous bladders. Stalk as long as ones finger, fimple, very flender; dividing towards the top into three fruitſtalks with three floral leaves. Root-leaves winged, hair like ; little leaves fow; equal. Cup with the lower leaf reflected. Bloffom of two petals, gaping: Upper lip, horizontal , beartſhaped, perforated at the baſe, fixed to the receptacle. Lower lip larger; beart-shaped; re- flected at the ſides; hunched at the baſe on the under fide, prominent and keel-Shaped. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft fimple, Mort. Summit betwixt egg and tongue Shaped. Bloſſom a paler yellow than the preceding ſpecies. Lentibularia minor. Ray's Syn. 286. Leffer hooded Milfoil. In ditches and muddy ponds. P. June. July. 8 GYPSIE. 33 Lycopus. EMPAL. Cup of one tubular leaf, with five ſhallow clefts; the ſegnients narrow and ſharp. Bloss. One unequal petal. Tube cylindrical; as long as the cup. Border with four clefts; blunt, open; the ſegments nearly equal, but the lowermoſt ſome- what Imaller, and the uppermoſt ſomewhat broader than the others, and imperfect at the margin. Cuves. Threads two; diſtant; generally longer than the bloſſom, and bending under its upper ſegment. Tips ſmall. Point. Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread-ſhaped; ſtraight; as long as the chives. Summit cloven; reflected. S. Vess. None. The ſeeds lying at the bottom of the сир. SEEDS Four: roundil. GYPSIE with indented ſerrated leaves--Bloffums ubitiſh; Water ſurrounding the ſtem at the joints. Leaves oppoſite ; ſitting. Stem Europaus four cornered. Lycopus paluſtris glaber. Ray's Syn. 236. Marrubium paluſtre glabrum. Bauh. pin. 230. Marrabium aquaticum. Gerard, 700. vulgare. Park. 1230. Water horehound. 1. There is a variety in which the leaves are very much divided. Upon the banks of rivers and ponds, in fandy grounds. P. July. The 14 TWO CHÍ V E S. The juice gives a permanent colour to linen, wool and folk; that will not waſh out; travelling gypſies ſtain their faces with it-Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows and Horſes refuſe it--The Green Tortoiſe Beetle (Cafſida viridis), feeds upon it. 9 CLARY 39 Salvia. ܪ Empal. Cup of one leaf, tubular, ſcored ; enlarging gradually upwards and compreſſed at the top; the Rim upright; having two lips; the lower lip with two teeth. Bloss. A ſingle petal; the Tube compreſſed, enlarging gradually upwards. Border gaping ; upper lip concave, compreſſed; bowed inwards; notched at the end. Lower lip broad; with three clefts ; the middle ſegment largeſt, roundiſh and broken at the margin Chives Threads two ; very ſhort, ſupporting two others croſs-ways by the middle, which have glands at one end, and Tips at the other. Point. Seed-bud with four cleſts. Shaft thread-ſhaped; very long; adjoining the chives. Sumniit cloven: S. Vess. None; the cup cloſing a little, contains the feeds in its bottom. SEEDS Four; roundiſh. Obs. The fingular croſs thread of the chives conſtitutes the effentia character of this genus. The rudiments of two chives appear in the mouth of the bloſſom, but they have no tips. The glands in moſt Species are callous, but in a few they appear like tips, and ſome- times contain a ſmall quantity of duft. Meadow Pratcnfis CLARY with oblong heart-ſhaped, ſcolloped leaves; the up- per leaves embracing the ſtem ; the flowers in whorls with hardly any intermixture of leaves; the helmet of the bloſſom gummy.-- Bloſſom four times as large as the cup; bluiſh purple. Leaves a full green. Sclarea pratenſis foliis ferratis, flore cæruleo. Ray's Syn. 237 Horminum pratenſe foliis ferratis. Bauh. pin. 238. Horminum lylveſtre vulgare. Park. 55: Horminum ſylveſtre Fuchſii. Gerard. zbo." In Effex, but not common. P. Julv. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows and Horſes refuſe it. CLARY ONE POINT AL. 15 CLARY with indented ſerrated ſmoothiſh leaves ; the blof- Wild ſoms more flender than the cup. The lips approach near together. Verbenaca The leaves are ſometimes indented in a winged manner. Bloſſoms blue Horminuin fylveſtre Lavendulæ flore. Bauh. pin. 239. Park. 57. Ray's Syn. 237. Gerard. 760. Common Engliſh Wild Clary. In paſtures and meadows. P. May. September. 10 CIRCE. 24 Circæa. EMPAL. Cup of two egg-ſhaped, concave leaves; a little bent outwards ; deciduous. Bloss. Petals two ; inverſely heart-ſhaped; expanding; equal ; commonly ſhorter than the cup. Chives Threads two ; hairlike; upright; as long as the cup. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped : beneath. Shaft thread . ſhaped, as long as the сир. Summit blunt; notched at the end. S. Vess. Capſule betwixt egg and turban-ſhaped ; covered with ſtrong hairs; with two cells, and two valves; opening from the baſe upwards. Seeds. Solitary ; oblong, narrow towards the baſe. CIRCE with upright Stems ſupporting ſeveral bunches of Common flowers, and egg-ſhaped leaves.---Petals like the сир leaves. Blof- Lutetiana foins whitiſh. Circza lutetiana. Gerard. 351. Ray's Syn. 289. Circæa lutetiana major. Park. 351. Solanifolia Circua dieta major. Bauh. pin. 168, Enchanters Nightſhade. In moift hedge bottoms. P. July. It is eaten by Sheep. CIRCE with trailing ſtems ſupporting a fingle bunch of Mountain flowers, and heart-ſhaped leaves.--Bloſſoms reddiſh. Alpina Solanifolia Circea alpina. Bauh. pin. 168. Circæa Lutetiana minor. Park. 351. Mountain Enchanters Nightſhade. In Yorkihire and Weſtmoreland. P. Auguft. It is eaten by Sheep, Order 16 TWO CHIVES, Order II. Two Pointals. II VERNALGRASS. 42 Anthoxanthum. EMPAL. A Huſk with two valves containing one flower. The Valves concave, eggſh-aped, taper; the inner- moſt the largeſt Bloss. A Huſk of two valves, the length of the larger valve of the empalement. Each valve ſends out an awn from its back, at the lower part; and one of the awns is jointed. Honeycup of two leaves, very flender, cylindrical. The leaves nearly egg-ſhaped, and one enfolding the other. Chives Threads two; hair-like; very long. Tips oblong; forked at each end. Point. Seedbud oblong. Shafts two ; thread-ſhaped. Sum- ; mits ſimple. S. Vess. The Huſk of the bloſſom grows to the ſeed. SEED. Single, cylindrical, tapering at each end. VERNALGRASS with an oblong egg-ſhaped ſpike; the florets growing on little fruit-ſtalks, longer than the awns- Spike yellowiſh green. Gramen Vernum fpica brevi laxa. Ray's Syn. 398. Gramen pratenſe Spica flaveſcente. Bauh. pin. 3. Spring Graſs. Meadows. P. May. The delightful ſmell of new mown hay ariſes chiefly from this plant. It is one of the earlieſt Spring Graſſes, and is extremely common in our fertile pastures. Cows, Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it. Odoriferous Odoratum CLASS ( 17 ) CLASS A S S III. THREE CH I V E S. ORDER I. ONE POINT AL. B : 14. FLAG 12. VALERIAN LOSSOM with five clefts, hunched at the baſe. Seed fingle. 13. SAFFRON Blofs. of one petal, but ſo deeply divided as to appear like fix near- ly upright petals. Summits co- loured; rolled in a ſpiral. Bloſs. of one petal; but ſo deeply divided as to appear like fix al- ternate reflected petals. Summits like petals. * Flowers with Valves like Graſſes, and huſky Empalements. 15 RUSHCRA'SS Bloſs. none. Emp. chaffy; in bun- dles. Seeds roundiſh. 16 GALANCALE Bloſs. none. Emp. chaffy; pointing from two oppoſite lines. Seed naked. 17 BULLRUSH Bloſs. none. Empal. chaffy : tiled; Seed naked, 18 CottONGRASS Bloſs. none. Empal, chaffy; tiled; Seed woolly. 19 MATGRASS Bloſs. two valves. Empal. none. Seeds . - covered. Order 18 THREE CHIVES. Order II. Two Pointals. 23 CANARY. * Flowers ſcattered ; one in each empalement. 20 PANICGRA$3. Empal. three valves: that upon the back the ſmalleſt. 21 FOXTAIL. Empal, two valves. Blofs. one valve with a ſimple point. 22 CAISTAIL. Empal. two valves ; lopped; fharp point ed ; fitting Empal. two valves. The Valves keel- ſhaped ; equal; incloſing the blofſom. 24 MILLET. Empal. two valves. The Valves dif- tended ; larger than the bloſſom. Empal. two valves. The Valves ſharp ; ſhorter than the bloſſom. 80 COOKSFOOT. Empal. two valves. The larger and longer valve compreſſed and keel- fhaped. US 27 FEATHERCRASS. Empal. two valves. Bloſs. terminated I by an awn which is jointed at the bale. 25 BENT. + Small Reed. † Branched Reed. † Sea Recd. † Red Ropegreſs. ** Flowers ſcattered; two in each empalement. 28 HAIR GRASS. Empal. two valves, containing two Flo- rets without the rudiments of a third. 29 ROPEGRASS. Empal. two valves, containing two ឧ Florets, with the radiments of a third betwixt them. # Soft graſs. Talk Oat. Yellow Oat, . , *** Flowers ONE POINT AL f9 32 FESCUE. *** Flowers ſcattered, ſeveral in each empalement. 30 QUAKEGRASS Empal, two valves. Bloſs. heart-ſhaped ; with diftended valves. 31 MEADOWGRASS. Empal. two valves. Bloſs. eggſhaped, with valves ſomewhat Marp. Empal. two valves. Bloſs. oblong; with ſharp pointed valves. 33 BROOMGRASS. Empal. two valves. Bloſs. oblong, , with an awn riſing from beneath the point. 5 -- Empal. two valves. Blofs. oblong, with a twiſted awn upon the back. . Empal. two valves. Bloſs. woolly at the baſe, and without an awn. # Hardgraſs. Rough Cocksfoot. 34 OAT. 35 REED. **** Flowers on a long toothed ſeat, without fruit-ſtalks. 36 RYE. Empal. oppoſite; of two valves. containing two florets ; ſolitary. 37 WHEAT Empal. oppoſite ; of two valves, con- taining ſeveral forets ; folitary. 38 BARLEY. Empal. three together; lateral ; with two valves, containing one floret. 39 LIMEGRASS. Empal. two or three together; late- ral; with two valves, containing ſeveral florets. 40 DARNEL. Empal. folitary ; lateral ; of one valve, containing ſeveral florets. 41 DOGSTAIL. Empal. two valves ; containing ſeveral florets. Proper receptacle leafy, Flo- Tets growing from one ſide. Order III. Three Pointals. 42 BLINKS. Bloſs. of one petal. Empalement of two leaves ; Capſule of three Valves with three Seeds. # Common Chickweed. Heath Crowberry. 12 VALE- 20 THREE CHI VE S. 12. VALERIAN. 44. Valeriana. EMPAL. None, or only a Rim, which is ſuperior. Bloss. Tube, hunched on the under fide, and contain ing honey. Border with five clefts ; the Segnients blunt. Chives Three, or fewer than three : awl-ſhaped, upright ; as long as the bloſſom. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shaſt thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summit thick. S. Vess. A hard ſubſtance not opening; deciduous ; crowned. SEEDS Solitary; oblong. Obs. There is a wonderful diverſity in the parts of the flowers in dif- ferent ſpecies of Valerian, as well in the number, as in the figure of the parts; thus the Empal. in ſome is ſcarcely diſcernible; in others there is an evident Rim with five clefts. Bloſs. The Tube in ſome oblong, in others very ſhort, and again in another ſpecies furniſhed with a honey cup reſembling a ſpur. The Border in ſome is equal, in others it conſiſts of two Lips, and the upper lip cloven. Chives are for the moſt part three ; in one ſpecies two only; in another four, and in ſome but one. In one ſpecies the chives and pointals are found on different plants. Point. The Summit in ſome ſpecies is notched, in others cloven into three ; in others globular. S. Veſs. Some ſpecies have no ſeed-veſſels ; others have a ſtrong thick capſule, and others again a capſule with two cells. Seeds vary in figure : ſome are crowned with a feather, whilſt others haye none. VALERIAN Ο Ν Ε Ρ ΟΙ Ν Τ Α L. 21 VALERIAN with chives and pointals on different plants ; Marih leaves winged, very entire.-The Bloftom of the fertile flowers is Dioica much ſmaller than the Bloſſom of the barren flowers. Root leaves egg- Jhaped. Bloſſoms reddiſh white. Valeriana paluſtris minor. Bauh. pin. 164. Valeriana ſylveſtris minor. Park. 122. Ray's Syn. 200, Valeriana minor. Gerard. 1075. Small wild Valerian. 1. There is a variety of this which is ſmaller. In moiſt meadows. P. June. VALERIAN with three chives in each flower; all the leaves Wild winged - and oppoſite. Stem upright, ſcored. Bloſſoms reddiſh white. Officinalis Valeriana ſylveſtris major. Bauh. pin. 164. Gerard. 1075, Park. 122. Ray's Syn. 200. Great Wild Valerian. 1. The Valeriana ſylveſtris major montana, Bauh. pin. 164, is only a variety, and is found in high paſtures. The other is . very common in hedges, woods and marſhes. P. June. It is the variety, found on heaths and high grounds, which is in ſo much repute as a medicine. The root hath a Rtrong and not an agreeable ſinell; its taſte is warm, bitteriſh, and fubacrid; it communicates its properties to wine, water, or ſpirit; but it is beſt in ſubſtance, and may be taken from half a dram to two drams for a doſe. There is no doubt of its poffeffing antiſpaſmodic virtues in an eminent degree. It is often preſcribed with advantage in hyſterical caſes; and in- Itances are not wanting where it appears to have removed fome obſtinate epilepfies. In habitual coltiveneſs it is an excellent medicine, and frequently looſens the bowels when other Itronger purgatives have been tried in vain. Cows eat the leaves ; Sheep are not fond of them. Cats are delighted with the roots. VALERIAN with three chives in each flower. Stem forked, Lettuce Yeaves ſtrap-ſhaped-Bloſſom bluiſh white. Locuſta Valerianella arvenſis præcox humilis femine compreſſo. Rays Syn. 201. Valeriana campeſtris inodora major. Bauh. pin. 165. Lactuca agnina. Gerard. 310. Park. 812. Lambs Lettuce. Corn Sallad. 1. There is a variety with ſerrated Leaves. Ray's Syn. 201. Common in cornfields. A. April. May. The young leaves in Spring and Autumn are eaten as fallad, and are very little inferior to young Lettuce. Cows, Sheep, and Lambs eat it. C3 13. SAFFRON. 22 THREE CHIVES. oping 13 SAFFRON. 55 Crocus. EMPAL. A Sheath, of one Leaf. Bloss. Tube fimple, long. Border with fix diviſions ; upright. The Segments equal; oblong egg-ſhaped. Cuves. Threads three; awl-fhaped, ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips arrow-ſhaped. Point. Seedbud beneath; roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits three, rolled in a fpiral; ferrated. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh; with three lobes, three cells, and three valves. SEEDS. Several, round. Cultivated Sativus root. SAFFRON with a ſheath of one valve, ariſing from the The tube of the bloſſom very long-Leaves ſtrap-ſhaped, with a white rib along the middle. Bloſſom purple. Crocus. Gerard. 151. Ray's Syn. 374. Crocus ſativus. Bauh. pin. 65. About Cambridge, and at Saffron-Walden in Eſſex. A. Aug. 1. Leaves narrower; rolled back at the edges. Crocus Autumnalis ſativus. Moriſon. Hiſt. 2. p. 335.T. 2. f.1. The ſummits of the pointal of the variety (1) carefully col- lected and moderately dried are the Saffron of the ſhops. That collected in England is preferred to all other. It affords a beautiful colour to water, wine or ſpirit, and gives out the whole of its virtues to them. It hath been held in high repute as a cordial, but modern practice pays no great attention to it, fince it hath been found to produce no ſenſible effect, even when given in doſes greatly larger than thoſe generally preſcribed. 13. FLAG. ON E POINT A L. 23 59 Iris. 14 FLAG Empal. Sheaths of two valves, ſeparating the flowers; permanent. Bloss. With fix diviſons. The Segments, 'which are almoſt diſtinct petals: oblong, blunt. The three outer ones reflected; the other three upright and ſharper. They are all connected together by the claws. Cuves. Threads three; awl-ſhaped, lying upon the reflected Segments. Tips oblong; ſtraight; de- per preſſed. Point. Seedbud beneath ; oblong. Shaft fimple, very ſhort. Summit very large, conſiſting of three diviſions which reſemble petals; broad, reflected, alternately preſſing down the chives and feg- ments; cloven at the end. S. VISs. Capſule , oblong; angular; with three cells and three valves. Seeds. Several; large. Obs. There is a honeycup of a different kind in different ſpecies. The capſule in ſome ſpecies hath three angles, but in others fix. FLAG with ſmooth bloſſoms; the innermoſt fegments ſmaller than the fummit: the leaves ſword-Ihaped——The three outer petals Yallow have a tooth upon each ſide next to the chives. Seedbud with three Pſeud-Acorus edges; furrowed. Bloſſoms yellow. Iris paluſtris lutea. Gerard. 50. Ray's Syn. 374. Acorus adulterinus. Bauh. pin. 34. Acorus paluſtris, five Pſeudo-Iris, et Iris lutea paluſtris. Park. 1219 Yellow water flower de luce. 1. There is a variety with a pale yellow flower, Ray's Sin. 375. On the banks of rivers ; in marſhes and wet meadows. P. July. The juice of the freſh root is very acrid, and hath been found to produce plentiful evacuations from the bowels when other powerful means had failed. Edin. med. El. vol. 5. art. 8. It may be given for this purpoſe in doſes of 8o drops, every hour or two; but the degree of its acrimony is ſo uncertain, that it can hardly ever come into general uſe. The freſh roots have been mixed with the food of Twine bitten by a mad dog, and they eſcaped the diſeaſe, when others bitten by the ſame dog, died raving mad. The root loſes moſt of its acrimony by drying. Goats eat the leaves when freſh, but Cows, Horſes and Swine refuſe them. Cows will eat them when dry. The roots are uſed in the island of Jura to dye black. Pennant's Tour. 1772. p. 214. C4 FLAG 24 THREE CHIVES, Stinking Fætidiflima FLAG with ſmooth bloſſoms; the inner ſegments expanding very much; the leaves ſword-ſhaped, the ſtem with one angle- Cylindrical, as long as the leaves, which cover it, and have a very fatid ſmell. Seedbud like the preceding. Bloffom of a dif- agrecable purpliſh aſh colour: not ſmelling in the night-time. The claws of the outer petals wrinkled and plaited on the under ſurface. The inner petals larger than the ſummit, expanding. Gladiolus fætidus. Bauh. pin. 30. Xyris. Gerard. 60. feu fpatulo fætida. Park. 256. Ray's J. There is a variety with variegated leaves, Stinking Gladdon, or Gladwyn. Near Hornſey and about Charlton Wood in Kent; and near Braintree in Eſſex. P. June. July. The juice of the root both of this and the preceding ſpecies, is ſometimes uſed to excite ſneezing; but it is an unſafe practice; violent convulſions having been ſometimes the conſequence. Syn. 375 15 RUSHGRASS, 65 Schænus. Emral. A Huſk of two valves; large, upright, taper- ing to a point, permanent: containing ſe- veral florets. Bloss. Petals fix; fpear-ſhaped ; ſharp; approaching; permanent: generally tiled ; the outermoft petals being the ſhorteſt. Cuves. Threads three; hairlike. Tips oblong; up- right. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped with three flatted fides; blunt. Shaft briſtly; as long as the bloſſom. Summit with three clefts; flender. S. Vess. None; the petals cloſe upon and contain the ſeed until it is ripe. SEED. Single, ſhining, nearly egg-ſhaped, but with three fides a little flatted; thickeit towards the top Oes. In ſome ſpecies very ſmall briſtles ariſing from the receptacle Surround the ſeed, RUSH, ONE POINT AL. 25 * Straw Cylindrical. RUSHGRASS with cylindrical ſtraws; the leaves beſet Cyperus with prickles at the edges, and along the back.- Mariſcus Cyperus longus inodorus Germanicus. Bauh. pin. 14. Cyperus longus inodorus Sylveſtris. Gerard. 29. Park. 1 263, Ray's Syn. 426. Long-rooted baſtard Cyperus. In marſhes and bogs. P. July. Auguſt. It ſerves for thatching inſtead of ſtraw, and often grows in ſuch quantities in pools, as to form floating islands. RUSHGRASS with cylindrical, naked ſtraws. Flowers in Blackheaded an eggſhaped head; having a fence of two leaves, one of which Nigricaas is long and awlſhaped-General fence compoſed of two valves, notched at the end, with a ſharp point in the middle; the awn of the outer Valve much longer than the whole head, and dark brown at the end, Juncus lævis minor, panicula glomerata nigricante. Ray's Syn. 430. Round black-headed Bogruſh. In bogs and marſhes. P. June. RUSHGRASS with cylindrical naked ſtraws. Flowers in a Bown double ſpike and the larger leaf of the fence juſt as long as the Ferrugineus ſpike—Six times ſmaller than tbe preceding. Juncello accedans graminifolia plantula capitulis Armeriæ proliferæ. Ray's Syn. 430. Brown baſtard Cyperus. In turfy bogs upon mountains. P. July. ** Straw three cornered. RUSHGRASS with naked ſtraws a little three cornered, the Compreſſed flowers in the fpike pointing two oppoſite ways. Fence of one Comprellus ļeaf.- Gramen cyperoides ſpica fimplici compreſſa diſticha. Ray's Syn. 425 Compreſſed baſtard Cyperus. In turf bogs. P. July. RUSHGRASS with leafy ſtraws, a little three cornered. White Flowers growing in bundles, leaves briſtly. Albus Cyperus minor paluſtris birſutus, paniculis albis, paleaceis. Ray's Syn. 427. Gramen junceum leucanthemum. Gerard. 30. White flowered Ruſhgraſs. In marſhes. P. July. Goats eat it. EMPAL 26 THREE CHIV E S. 16 GALANGALE. 66 Cyperus. 2 Empal. A tiled Spike; the flowers pointing from two cüs oppoſite lines, ſeparated by egg-ſhaped Scales which are keel-Shaped on the back, and bent inwards at the edges. BLOSS. None. Chives. Threads three; very ſhort. Tips oblong, fur- rowed. Point. Seedbud, very ſmall. Shaft thread-ſhaped; very long. Summits three, hairlike. S. VESS. None. SEED. Single, three cornered, pointed; not hairy. Engliſh Longus erori GALANGALE with leafy three cornered ſtraws. The flowers in a trebly compound leafy bundle: fruit-ítalks naked; ſpikes alternate-Root long, odoriférous. Cyperus longus. Gerard. 30. Odoratus. Park. 145. Ray's Syn. 425 T3 Cyperus odoratus radice longa ſeu Cyperus Officinalis. Bauh. pin. 14. Sweet Cyperus. 10 fens and marſhes. P. July. The root is agreeably aromatic to the ſmell, and warm and bitter to the taſte. The modern practice diſregards it, but per- haps it is not inferior to ſome of the more coftiy medicines brought from abroad, 17 BULLRUSH. 67 Scirpus. ch equally Emral. A tiled Spike; the flowers growing from every lide and ſeparated by egg ſhaped Scales bent inwards at the Edges. Bloss. None. Chives Threads three; which continue growing longer, Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud, very ſmall. Shaft thread-Shaped, long. Summits three; hairlike. S. VESS. None. SED. Single, three cornered, pointed; furniſhed with ſoft hairs, which are ſhorter than the em- palement. Oes. The hairs in ſome ſpecies grow to the point, in others to the baſe of the feed. BULL Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 27 * Spike ſingle. BULLRUSH with a cylindrical, naked ſtraw; ſpike nearly Club egg-Shaped; terminating: - Paluſtris Scirpus equiſeti capitulo majori. Ray's Syn. 428. Juncus equiſeti capitulis, major. Bauh. pin. 12. Juncus aquaticus capitulis equiſeti. Park. 1196. Juncus minor capitulis equiſeti. Gerard. 34. Clubruſh. On the banks of rivers, ponds and ditches; frequent. P. July, Swine devour the roots greedily when freſh, but will not touch them when dry.-Goats, Horſes and Hogs eat it. Cows and Sheep refuſe it. BULLRUSH with the ſtraw ſcored, and naked; ſpikes ter- Dwarf minating, with two valves as long as the empalement. The roots Caſpitoſus ſeparated by ſcales.- Scirpus montanus capitulo breviori. Ray's Syn. 429. Dwarf Clubruſh. In turf bogs and upon dry heaths. P. July. Goats eat it. BULLRUSH with cylindrical, naked, briſtle-ſhaped ſtraws. Sharp Spike egg-ſhaped, conſiſting of two valves. Seeds naked-Leaves Acicularis crooked, Riff, cylindrical. Scirpus minimus capitulis equiſeti. Ray's Syn. 429. The leaſt upright Club-ruth. In marſhes and bogs. P. Auguft. BULLRUSH with cylindrical, naked, alternate ſtraws. Floating Stem leafy and limber.- Fluitans Scripus equiſeti capitulo minor. Ray's Syn. 431. Juncellus, capitulis equiſeti minor fluitans. Bauh. pin. 12. Floating Clubrush. In ponds and ditches. P. July. Auguſt. ** Straw cylindrical, having ſeveral Spikes. BULLRUSH with cylindrical, naked, ſtraws; terminated Lake by ſeveral eggſhaped ſpikes ſupported upon fruitſtalks. Lacuſtris Scirpus paluſtris altiſſimus. Ray's Syn. 428. Juncus maximus ſeu Scirpus major. Bauh. pin, 12. Juncus aquaticus maximus. Gerard. 35. In rivers, pools and fens. P. July. Auguſt. When fodder is exhauſted, cattle will live upon it. Cotta- ges are ſometimes thatched, and pack-ſaddles ſtuffed with it. Bottoms of chairs are very commonly made of this ruſh: if it is cut at one year old it makes the fine bottoms. Coarſe bottoms are made of it at two years old; and thoſe that are ſtill older mixed with the leaves of the Yellow Flag, make the coarſeſt bot- CDS 28 CHI VE S. THREE toms of all. Mats are likewiſe made either of the Lake Bullruſh alone, or mixed with the aforeſaid leaves.-Goats and Swine eat it. Cows and Sheep refuſe it. Roundheaded BULLRUSH with cylindrical, naked ſtraws; ſupporting Holofchænus nearly globular, congregated ſpikes, ſtanding on fruit-ſtalks ; with a fence, conſiſting of two unequal ſharp pointed leaves. - Scirpus maritimus, capitulis rotundioribus glomeratis. Ray's Syn. 429 Juncus acutus maritimus, capitulis rotundis. Bauh. pin. 11. Juncus acutus maritimus alter. Park. 1196, On the ſea coaft. P. July. Leaft BULLRUSH with naked, briſtle-ſhaped ſtraws. Spikes one or Setaceus two, lateral; fitting-Leaves numerous, Sender cylindrical. Scirpus foliaceus humilis. Ray's Syn. 430. Juncellus inutilis, five Chamæfchænos. Bauh. fin. 12. pr. 22. Gramen junceum minimum capitulo ſquamoſo. Bauh. fin. 6. Gramen junceum maritimum exile Plimmothii. Park. 1270, Leaſt ruth, or ſmall Plymouth Rufhgraſs. Wet fardy ground. 'A. July. Auguft. *** Straw three cornered, Spike naked. Pointed BULLRUSH with three cornered, taper, naked ſtraws. Mucronatus The ſpikes lateral; fitting; cloſe.-The Marp points much longer than the flowers, and bent fideways. Juncus acutus maritimus, caule triangulo. Bauh. pin. 11. Juncus acutus maritimus, caule triquetro, rigido, mucrone pungente. Ray's Syn. 429 On the ſea fhore and the banks of large rivers. P. July. Auguſt. **** Straw three cornered, panicle leafy. Marine BULLRUSH with three cornered ſtraws. Panicle cloſe, and Maritimus leafy; the ſcales of the little ſpikes cloven into three ſegments; the middle ſegment awl-ſhaped-- Leaves ftif, and ſharp at the edges, Gramen Cyperoides panicula fparfa majus. Bauh. pin. 6. Gramen Cyperoides paluſtris, panicula fparfa majus. Park 1266. Ray's Syn. 425. Round rooted baſtard Cyperus. 1. There is a variety that hath no aromatic ſmell. Bauh, pin. 14. On the ſea coaſt and the banks of rivers. P. Auguft. The roots dried and ground to powder, have been uſed in ſtead of flour, in times of ſcarcity: -- Cows eat it. BULL Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 29 BULLRUSH with three cornered, leafy ſtraws. Flowers in Millet teafy bundles. Fruit-ſtalks naked; trebly compound. Spikes Sylvaticus crowded. - Gramen Cyperoides miliaceuin. Bauh. pin. 6. Pſeudo-cyperus miliaceus. Park. 1171. Cyperus gramineus. Ray's Syn. 426. Cyperus gramineus miliaceus. Gerard. 30. Millet Cyperus graſs. In wet ſhady places. P. July. Cows, Sheep, Horſes and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. 18. COTTONGRASS 68 Eriophorum. EMPAL. A tiled Spike; the flowers growing equally from every ſide, and ſeperated by oblong egg- ſhaped membranaceous, flexible, tapering Scales, which are flat but turned in at the edges. BLOSS. None. Chives Threads three; hairlike. Tips upright, oblong. Point. Seedbud, very ſmall. Shaft thread ſhaped; as . long as the ſcales of the empalement. Summits three; longer than the ſhaft; reflected. S. VESS. None. SEED Three cornered, tapering to a point; furnish- ed with ſoft hairs, which are longer than the ſpike. COTTONGRASS with cylindrical Theathed ſtraws, and Hares-tail a ſkinny ſpike-Perennial; Root-leaves imperfectly three cor- Vaginatum nered, Marp; with trvo of the ſides ſcored ; Stalk twice as long as the leaves ; ſcored; cylindrical, but fatted on one ſide; Stein-leaves not foarp pointed; purple at the baſe; Spike egg-ſhaped, tiled on every fide with brotuz membranes ; the lower Spikes barren; the upper ones woolly and fertile. Juncus capitulo lanuginoſo, ſeu ſehænolaguros. Bauh. pin. 12. Gramen juncoides lanarum alteruin danicum. Park. 1271, Ray's Syn. 436. Hares-tail Ruſh. On bogs. February. March. P. COTTON 30 THREE CHI VES. Common COTTONGRASS with cylindrical ſtraws; fiat leaves, and Polyſtachion ſpikes on fruitſtalks-pondant. Gramen pratenſe toinentorum panicula fparſa. Bauh. pin. 4. Gramen tomentarium. Gerard. 29. Gramen junceum lanatum, vel juncus bombycinus vulgaris. Park. 1271. Linagroſtis. Ray's Syn. 435. Moorgraſs. In marſhes and bogs. P. June. This plant is uſeful in the Iſle of Skie to ſupport cattle in the earlier part of the ſpring, before the other graſſes are ſufficiently grown. Pennant's Tour. 1774. p. 308. Poor people ſtuff their pillows with the down, and make wicks of candles with it. 19 MATTGRASS 69 Nardus. EMPAL. None. Bloss. Two valves; the outer Valve long, betwixt ſtrap and ſpear-thaped; pointed at the end, and incloſing the leffer Valve, which is ſtrap-ſhaped and ſharp pointed Chiyes Threads three; hair-like; ſhorter than the blof- fom. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud oblong. Shaft ſimple, long, downy. Summit ſimple. S. Vess. The bloſſom adheres to the ſeed, without opening O SEED. Single, incloſed in the Bloſſom ; long and nar- row, tapering to a point at each end, the upper part narroweft. Sinall Stricta MATGRASS with a briſtly, ſtraight ſpike; and the florets ail pointing in one direction—this graſs is fiff and hard to the touch, but being short it eludes the ſtroke of the ſcythe. Gramen ſparteum juncifolium. Bauh. pin. 5. Ray's Syn. 393. Spartum batavum et anglicum. Park. 1199. Spartum poftras parvum lobelio. Gerard. 43. Small Matweed. In dry heaths; fens and marſhes. P. April. July. Goats and Horſes eat it. Cows and Sheep are not fond of it. Crows ſtock it up, for the ſake of the larva of inſects which they find at the root. Obs. The laſt five genera are nearly allied to the Grasses, and a ſuperficial obſerver would be tempted to conſider them as ſuch, but an attentive perufal of the generic characters will afford fufficient diſtinc- tions. (See the Plate of Graffes.) Order Plate 11 GRASSES d to front page 31. ya B Cc ld 6 2 Tuskaras 1 Bullruth Panio-spraps 0 Galangale Vemalymaijs u 8: Fortal Cabstand LA 66 Cottenga Matografi 6 1144 bo 6 a a 11 312 d! Birut d 16 Repump 1.10 Canani a Miliet 17 Quakegraf 13 15 Hairgrapi B 6 Cockefoot 6 6 6 16. 16 *189 18 Meanbouwapi ccc 1 20 Broopgroup u 110 Facuc 2.2 Reed' 24 с DO u 123 wheat 721 Oat Rye 6 2 30 Softgrap B d. ta 914 Fruithevyras w u A EN a 28 25 B d l Barley 6 31 20 E ymegrakis 27 Dannel Dagstail 29 Sedge Handana ( 31 ) Order II. Two Pointals. GRASSES ORTO THIS order comprehends the greater part of thofe vegetables, commonly called Graffes ; and although the flowers are generally diſregarded, they will not to an attentive obſerver, appear leſs curiouſly conſtructed, than thoſe which boaſt of gayer colours and more conſpicuous parts. NATURAL CHARACTER OF GRASSES. EMPAL. A huſk; generally compoſed of two valves : the larger valve hollow; the ſmaller, flat. Bloss. Stri&tly ſpeaking, none: but inſtead thereof, a Huſk of two valves , dry and ſkinny. Honeycup of two leaves ; oblong; very ſmall; ſuperior. .CHIVES Threads three ; hair-like. Tips oblong; with two cells. Point. Shafts two; downy ; refle&ed. Summits downy. S. VESS. None. SEED. Single ; incloſed cither by the bloſſom, or the em palement; oblong; tapering at each end. STEM fimple, ſtraight, hollow; with knots or joints : it is commonly called a Straw. LLAVES entire ; narrow; tapering to a point: one placed at each joint of the ftraw. Befides the plants which fall under this order, there are others of the graſs kind that differ in ſome of their characters, and are arranged accordingly. Thus the VERNALGRASS hath only two chives, and the SOFT- GRASS and HARDCRASS have their chives and pointals variouſly diſpoſed upon one plant; (See the figures in the plate of Graſſes.) The great folicitude of nature for the preſervation of graſſes is evident from this; that the more the leaves are conſumed, the more the roots increaſe. The great author of nature deſigned, that the delight- ful verdure of theſe plants ſhould corer the ſurface of 32 THRE E CHI VE S. of the earth, and that they ſhould afford nouriſhment to an almoſt infinite number of animals. But what in- creaſes our admiration moſt is, that although the Graſſes conſtitutes the principal food of herbivorous animals, yet, whilſt they are left at liberty in the paſture, they leave untouched the ſtraws which ſupport the flowers ; that the ſeeds may ripen and fow themſelves. Add to this, that many of the ſeemingly dry and dead leaves of Graſſes, revive, and renew their verdure in the ſpring. And on lofty mountains where the ſummer heats are hardly ſufficient to ripen the ſeeds, the moſt common Graſſes are the SHEEPS FESCUE, the MOUNTAIN MEA- DOWGRASS, and the TURFFY HAIRGRASS, all which are viviparous. In general, the leaves furniſh paſturage for cattle; the fmaller ſeeds are food for birds, and the larger for men. But ſome are preferred to others ; as the FESCUE for Sheep; the MEADOWGRASS for Cows; the Canary for Canary Birds; the Oat for Horſes; the RYEGRASS, BARLEY and Wheat for Men. A Variety of inſects too derive their nouriſhment from graſſes; as the Great Argus Butterfly, Papilio mæra, the Wood Argus, Papilio Ægeria; the Marble Butterfly, Papilio Galathea ; the Meadow brown Butterfly, Papilio Jurtina; the Plaintain Fritilary, Papilio Cinxia ; the Lap- pit Moth, Phalana quercifolia ; the Drinker Moth, Phalana Potatoria; the ſmall Paſture Moth, Phalana culmella ; the Chryſomela Graminis, and ſeveral others that will be men- tioned under the different ſpecies. No part of botany appeared to me more difficult than the ſtudy of Graſſes, but the method of accurate diſ- ſection and obſervation once adopted, nothing was more certain or more eaſy. However, when the great im- portance of the ſubject is conſidered, we cannot labour too much to fix the public attention to it, by rendering it as eaſy as poſſible: for which reaſon the exceptions are carefully noted under each ſubdiviſion of the orders, and in the following plate an example is ſelected from each genus. To gain a clear idea of the ſtructure of the flowers, they muſt be examined juſt before the Tips diſcharge their duit; and by comparing them in that state with the figures in the plate, and with the generic deſcription, every difficulty will ſoon be ſurmounted. The Botanic Microſcope will be found extremely uſeful in diflecting the ninuter parts. Explanation TWO POINT A LS. 33 EXPLANATION of the PLATE. Fig. 1. VERNALGRASS. a a huſks of the empalement. ) the awn of the inner valve of the bloffcm, twiſted and jointed. c the ſtraight awn of the outer valve of the bloſſom. dd the two tips.ee the two ſhafts. Fig. 2. RUSHGRASS. The fix petals, the three chives, and tips; the feedbud, the ſhaft, and the ſummit cloven into three parts. Fig. 3. GALANGALE. a the tiled ſpike pointing from two oppoſite lines. b the ſcale of the empale- ment. cec the tips. d the ſhaft. eee the lun.. mits. Fig. 4. BULLRUSH. b the tiled ſpike. a the ſcale of the em- palement. ccc the chives and tips. d the ſeedbud, a little woolly Fig. 5. COTTONGRASS. a the woolly tiled ſpike. b the ſcale of the empalement including the hairy feedbud, the chives and the pointal. Fig. 6. MATGRAS3. A the ſpike pointing one way. cec the bloſſoms. B one of the flowers a little magnified. a the lower and larger valve that embraces the finaller valve b, which is here draivn out of its na- tural ſituation. ccc the tips. Fig. 7. PANICGRASS. bb the two equal valves of the empale- ment. a the third ſmaller and outer valve. co the valves of the bloffoms. d d d the tips. ee the downy fummits of the ſhafts. Fig. 8. FOXTAIL. a a the valves of the empalement. b the ſingle valve of the bloſſom, with ihe awn c pro- ceeding from its baſe. ddil the tips. Fig. 9. CATSTAIL. a a the huſks of the empalement opened and magnified to fhew the bloffom. b the floret in its natural ſtate to thew the two points at the top of it. ccc the tips Fig. 10. CANARY. a a the keeled huſks of the empalement. Ob the huſks of the bloflom. ccc the tips. Fig. 11. MILLET. a a the huſks of the empalement. 716 the tips. cc pencil-haped fummits. Fig. 12. Bent. aa the two pointed valves of the empalement. bb the two valves of the blokom. cce the tips. D 13. Fig. 34 THRE E CHI VE S. с Fig. 13. Cockskoot. a the outer and larger valve of the em- palement. b the ſhorter valve. c the keel-ſhaped valve of the bloſſom. eee the tips. d. the panicle point- ing one way Fig. 14. FEATHERGR Ass. a a the valves of the empalement. b the outer valve of the bloſſom, with the awn jointed at the baſe and twiſted. c the inner valve of the bloffom. dd the feathered awn.ee the hairy ſhafts and ſummits. fff the tips. Fig. 15. HAIRGRASS. a a the empalement, bb the bloſſoms, without the rudiment of a third betwixt them. Fig. 16. ROPEGRASS. a a the empalement, bb the fertile blof- ſoms with e the rudiment, of a third bloſſom be- twixt them. Fig. 17. QUAKEGRASS. a a the valves of the empalement, bbbbb the bloſſoms, of which the outer valves only are viſible, B one of the bloſſoms taken out of the little ſpike, cc the outer heart-ſhaped valve of the bloſſom, d d the inner valve inverſely egg-ſhaped. Fig. 18. MEADOWGRASS. A, an entire little ſpike. a a the two huſks of the empalement. 6 B bbb the bloſſoms. B one of the florets ſeparated froin the little ſpike. c the outer valve, d the inner valve of the bloſſom. eee the forked tips. ff the woolly fummits. Fig. 19. Fescue. a a the valves of the empalement. bbbbbbb the bloſſoms of the little ſpike terminating in ſharp points. c the inner valve of one of the bloſſoms. Fig. 20. BROOMGRASS. a a the empalement. b b b the bloſſoins, the outward valves only of which are viſible, with the awns growing from beneath the point. Fig. 21. Oat. aa the valves of the empalement. bbb the florets, the outer valves of which are furniſhed with a twiſted jointed awn, growing from the back. d dd the inner valves. cccccc the tips. Fig. 22. Reed. a a the valves of the empalement. b b b the woolly bloſſoms. Fig. 23. Rye, a a the valves of the empalement. bbbb the blofioms; the inner valve of which is flat, but the outer concave and furbiſhed with an awn.cc the ſpikc- ſtalk with its little teeth. Fig. 21. WHEAT. aa the blunt valves of the empalement, em- bracing the ihree blosſoms bbb, the outer valve only of which is ſeen, furniſhed with an awn. the ſpike-ſtalk. Fig. 25. BARLEY. a aa aa a the fix valves of the empalement, two of which belong to each of the blofioms b b b. cec the long awns of the outer valves of the blof. ſoms. ee the naked ſpike-ſtalk as it appears after the florets are pulled off. Fig. 25. TWO POIN T A L S. 35 Fig. 26. Lymegrass. a aa a aa the valves of the empalement, two of which belong to each little ſpike bbb. e the empalement as it appears after the little ſpikes are taken away. Fig. 27. Darnel. a a a the empalements of one valve. bbb the little ſpikes conſiſting of ſeveral florets. conc of the florets opened to thew the two valves of the bloſſom. Fig. 28. DOGSTAIL. A the ſpike pointing all one way, com- poſed of the florets B, in which a repreſents the fence with many clefts ; b b the valves of the em- palement containing ſeveral florets, and so the florets. Fig. 29. Sedge. a the tiled Cat-kin. c the ſcaly empalement of the fertile floret. d the honeycup cloven at the top. b the feedbud, and g the ſhaft, taken out of the honey-cup: bhh the fumınits. e the ſcaly empalement of the barren floret, with the three chives fff. Fig. 30. SoftGrass. a a the barren florets on ſhort fruit ftalks. b the fertile floret furniſhed with chives and pointals. Fig. 31. HARDGRASS. A, ſhews a ſingle florer taken from a ſpike. a and b the huſks of the empalement em- bracing the ſpike-ſtalk. cd three bloſſoms, in which the chives and pointals are variouſly diſpoted. B the Sea Hurdgraſs with the valves of the empale- ment undivided. D2 19. PANIC 36 TH RE E CHI VE S. 19 PANICGRASS. 76 Panicum. Empat. Hifk with three valves, containing one Floret. The Valves nearly egg-ſhaped. The ſmalleſt ſtand- ing behind the other two. Bloss. Two valves. The Valves nearly egg-ſhaped, the ſmaller valve the flatteft. Chiyes. Threads three ; hair-like; ſhort. Tips oblong. POINT Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two; hair-like ; Sum- mits downy. S. Vess. The bloſſom adheres to the Seed without open- ing. Green Viride Looſe Crus Galli SEED. Single, incloſed in the bloſſom; roundiſh, but a little flatted on one ſide. PANICGRASS with a cylindrical Spike. Partial fence in cluding two Florets; hairy and bundled. Seeds ſtringy.- Gramen paniceum fpica fimplici lævi. Ray's Syn. 393. Baub. pin, 8. Gramen panici efligie ſpica fimplici. Gerard. 17. Panicgrafs with a ſingle ſmooth Ear. 1. There is a variety with a rough Spike. In Paſtures but not very common. A. July no PANICGRASS with the ſpikes alternate and in pairs. The hukks have Awns: and are rough with hair. Spike ſtalk with five angles.- Gramen paniceum ſpica diviſa. Bauh. pin. 8. Ray's Sjn. 394. Panicum vulgare. Gerard 85. Panicum fylverre herbariorum. Park. 1154. In paſtures. A. Auguft. PANICGRASS with fingered Spikes; knotty on the inſide the baſe. Flowers in pairs; without Awns. The Sheath of the leaves dotted- Gramen dactylon latiore folio. Faub. fin. 8. Iſchæmon ſylveſtre latiore folio. Park. 1178. Ifchæmon vulgare. Gerard. 27. Not uncommon. A. Auguſt. Cocks-foot Sanguinale Creeping Dactylon PANICGRASS with figured expanding Spikes, and ſoft hairs on the inſide the baſe. Flowers folitary. The plant ſends out creeping rooners.-- Gramen dactylon folio arundinaceo majus aculeatum. Bauh. pin. 7. Gramen dactyloides radice repente. Gerard. 28. Gramen canarium ifchæmi paniculis. Park. 1179. In fandy ground and on the lea-hore. P. July. 20. FOX- TWO POIN T A L S. 37 20. FOXTAIL. 78. Alopecurus. EMPAL. A Hriſk of two valves containing one floret. The Valves equal, betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped ; concave, compreſſed. Bloss. One concave Valve as long as the empalement, with a long Awn upon the back fixed towards the baſe. Chives. Threads three; hair-like. Tips forked at each end. POINT. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two, like tendrils; re- flected ; longer than the empalement. Summits fimple S. VESS. The bloſſom incloſes the ſeed. SEED Single; roundiſh ; covered by the bloſſom. FOXTAIL with upright ſtraws ; cylindrical ſpikes; and Bulbous bulbous roots.-- Bulbolus Gramen myofuroides nodoſum. Ray's Syn. 39 7. Bulbous Fox-tail Graſs. In paſtures. P. June. FOXTAIL with the ſpiked ftraw upright; hulks woolly ; Meadow bloſſoms without awns.---The ſpike cylindrical, ſomervhat divided Pratenſis like a panicle. The bloſſoms are not always without awns. Gramen alopecuroides majus. Gerard 10. Gramen Phalaroides ſpica molli, five Germanicum. Eauh. pin. 4. Gramen Phalaroides majus, five Italicum. Bauh. pin.' 4. Park, 1164 Meadow Foxtail Graſs. In meadows very common. P. June. This is the 'beit graſs to fow in low meadow grounds, or in boggy places that have been drained. Sheep, Horfes and Goats Cows and Swine are not fond of it. FOXTAIL with the ſpiked ſtraw upright. Huſks finooth- Field Spike cylindrical, very long: Straw not quite upright. Agreſtis Alopecurus ſpica cylindrica longiſſima, glumis glabris; cul- mo fub-erecto. Hudſon 23. Gramen myofuroides majus; ſpica longiore, ariſtis rectis. Ray's Syn. 397 Gramen typhoides fpica anguſtiore. Bauh. pin. 4. Gramen alopecuroides minus Gerard 10. 1. There is a variety with crooked awns mentioned by Ray, Syn. 397: Field Foxtail Grafs. In fields and road-lides. P. July. Auguſt. D 3 FOXTAIL 38 THREE CHI V E S. Floating FOXTAIL with the ſpiked ſtraw knee-jointed. Bloſſoms Geniculatus without awns-Spike long and ſender. In ſome ſituations the bloſſoms have a wns. Grainen aquaticum geniculatuin fpicatum. Bauh. pin. 3. Ra's Syn. 396. Flote Foxtail Graſs. The Leaves lie upou the ſurface of pools and wet ditches. P. June.---Auguft. Cows, Hoiſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. Bearded FOXTAIL with a panicle not unlike a ſpike; the Empale- Monſpelienſis ment rough; the bloſſoms furniſhed with awns-reſembling the next ſiecies but three times as large. There is a little lump or pimple under the empalement. The Bloſſom is very ſhort. Straw and Leaves inflexible. Grainen Alopecuroides anglo-britanicum maximum. Bauh. pin. 4. Bearded Dog-tail Grafs. In Marſhes. A. Jure. July. Hairy FOXTAIL with a panicle not unlike a ſpike; the empale- Paniceus ment woolly; the bloſſoms furniſhed with awns.- Gramen alopecurum minus ; fpica longiore. Equh. pin. 4. . Pauh Bearded Foxtail Grafs. In dry foil. A. July. 21 CATST AIL. 77 Phleum. EMPAL. A Huſk, of two valves, including a fngle flo- ret: the hulk oblong, ſtrap-ſhaped, compreſſed ; open at the end, and furniſhed with two fpit points. The Valves equal, ſtraight, concave, compreſſed ; one embracing the other; lopped; with a ſharp point at the end of the keel. Bloss. Two valves, ſhorter than the empalement; the outer Valve embracing the inner Valve, which is ſmaller. Chives Threads three; hair-like ; longer than the em- palement, Tips oblong, forked at each end. POINT. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two; hair-like; re- flected Summits downy, S. Vess. None. The empal. and the bloſs. incloſing the feec. SEED. Single ; roundiſh. I CATSTAIL TWO POINT AL S. 39 CATSTAIL. The ſpike cylindrical ; long; fringed. Straw Meadow upright. Pratenſe Gramen typhoides maximum, fpica longiſſima. Bauh. pin. 4. Gramen typhinum majus, ſeu prinum. Gerard. 11. Ray's Syn. 398. Gramen typhinum medium, feu vulgatiffimum. Park 1170. 1. There is a variety which is ſmaller. Gerard. 11. Park. 1170. Timothy Grafs. In paſtures; common. P. July. Cows, Horſes and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. CATSTAIL. The ſpike cylindrical; ſtraw aſcending ; leaves Bulbous oblique ; root bulbous-ſtraw Sheathed. Spikes ſmooth. Tips Nodofum white. Leaves pointing from oppoſite ſides of the ſtrazu; ſmooth ; except the edges which are rough. Gramen nodoſum ſpica parva. Bauh. pin. 2. Very common. P. July. Auguft. CATSTAIL with the ſpikes egg-ſhaped and fringed. Straw Marine branching.–The ſpikes ſeldom riſe entirely out of the ſheaths of the Arenarium leaves. Gramen typhinum maritimum minus. Ray's Syn. 398. Gramen typhynum danicum minus. Park. 1170. Daniſh Cats-tail Graſs, or Sea Canary Graſs. On the ſea-ſhore. A. July. 22 CANARY. 74 Phalaris. EMPAL. A Huſk of two valves including a fingle floret ; compreſſed; blunt. The Valves boat-ſhaped, com- preſſed; keel-bottomed, but more blunt upwards ; the edges ſtraight; parallel; approaching. Bloss. Two valves ſmaller than the empalement. The outer Valve oblong; rolled in a ſpiral ; tapering to a point. The inner Valve ſmaller than the other. Chives. Threads three; hair-like; ſhorter than the em- palement. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud roundilh ; Shafts two ; hair-like. Sum- mits woolly: S. Vess. The bloſſom cloſely ſurrounds the feed, with- out opening Seed. Single; ſmooth ; nearly cylindrical in the middle, but tapering towards each end. D4 CANARY 40 THREE CHI V E S. Manured Canarienfis CANARY with a panicled ſpike nearly eggihaped; and keel- ſhaped huſks.- Phalaris major femine albo. Bauh. pin. 28. Phaloris. Gerard. 86. Road fides and uncultivated ground. A. June. September. It is often cultivated for the ſake of the feeds, which are found to be the beſt food for the Canary, and other ſmall birds. It nouriſhes the Canary Bug, Coccus Phalaridis. Cats-tail CANARY with a cylindrical panicled ſpike, ſmooth and vi- Philcoides viparous.—The /pike is pale, diviſible into lobes, with here and there a viviparous bufk. This plant ſo exactly reſembles fome of the Cats- tails that it may caſily be miſtaken for one of that genus; but when jou examine the ſpike and preſs it with your fingers, it ſeparates, and proves to be a panicle; and the huſks are not notched at the end. Gramen typhoides aſperum primum. Bauh. pin. 4. Branched Cats-tail Graſs. In the fields below Kings-Weſton near Briſtol. P.. July. Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. Reed CANARY with a large oblong panicle, ſwelling out in the Arundinacea middle.—Leaves broad, ſcored. Panicle nearly egg-ſhaped. Gramen arundinaceum aceroſa gluma noftras. Park 1273 Ray's Syn. 400. Gramen aquaticum paniculatum latifolium. Bauh. pin. 6. Banks of rivers. It is uſed to thatch ricks or cottages, and endures much longer than ſtraw. In Scandinavia they mow it twice a year, and their cattle eat it. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. There is a cultivated variety of this in our gardens with beautifully ſtriped leaves. The ſtripes are generally green and white; but ſometimes they have a purpliſh caſt. This is com- monly called Painted Lady-graſs, or Ladies Traces. P. July. 23 MILLET TWO POINT AL S. 41 23 MILLET. 79 Milium. . Empal. Huſk with two valves inclofing a ſingle floret. The Valves egg-ſhaped, tapering to a point. Bloss. Two valves, ſmaller than the empalement. Valves egg.ſhaped ; one larger than the other. Chives. Threads three ; hair-like; very ſhort. Tips ob- long. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two; hair-like. Summits pencil-ſhaped. S. Vess. The bloſſom, which is very ſmooth, incloſes . the feed. SEED Single, roundiſh. MILLET with the flowers without awns; in ſcattered Soft panicles.- Effufuin Gramen miliaceum. Gerard. 6. Ray's Syn, 402, vulgare. Park. 1153 Gramen fylvaticum panicula miliacea ſparſa. Bauh. pin. 8. Millet Graſs. In wet woods, common. A. June. July. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. 24 BENT. 80 Agroftis. EMPAL. Huſk of two valves, incloſing one floret, tapering to a point. Bloss. Two valves, tapering to a point, one Valve larger than the other; hardly ſo long as the empalement. Chives. Threads three; hair-like ; longer than the bloſ- fom. Tips forked. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts twe; reflected, woolly ; Summits woolly or hairy. S. VESS. The bloſſom adheres to the feed without open- ing. SEED Single ; cylindrical, but tapering towards each end. BENT 42 THREE CHI V E S. Silky Spicaventi * With Aruns. BENT with a ſtraight, ſtiff, very long awn, fixed to the out- ward petal. Panicle expanding. Gramen ſegetum panicula arundinacea. Bauh. pin. 3. Gramen agrorum venti ſpica. Park 1151. Gramen arundinaceum. Gerard. 5. Gramen miliaceum majus, glamus ariſtatis, fpadiceis et pal- lidis. Ray's Syn. 405. In fields very common. A. July. Horſes and Goats eat it. Sheep refuſe it. Red Rubra BENT with the part of the panicle that is in bloſſom very much expanded. The outer petal ſmooth. The terminating awn twiſted and bent back.-Before it is in flower it is cloſe and contracted like a ſpike; when in flower the bloſſoms ſtand out in ho- rizontal whorls ; and after flowering it becomes entirely red. Panicum ſerotinum arvenſe, fpica pyramidata. Ray's Syn. 394. In meadows. A. July. Horſes eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Brown Canina BENT with very long empalements. The awn upon the back of the petals much curved: the ſtraw proſtrate ; ſomewhat branched.-- The panicle is often very long; its branches compact, and of a ſhining purple : the awn like a briſtle, double the length of the flower ; white, ſtraight, marked in the middle by a brown joint. Gramen ſupinum caninum paniculatum, folio varians. Bauh. pin. I. In wet meadows, frequenti P. July Auguſt. Cows and Horſes eat it. Creeping Stolonifera ** Without Awns. BENT without awns; the branches of the panicle expand- ing; the ſtraws creeping; the empalements equal.- Gramen montanum miliaceum minus, radice repente. Ray's Syn. 402. Gramen caninum ſupinum minus. Bauh. pin. 1. 1. There are two varieties; one with a very narrow leaf and another, 2. With extremely ſmall empalements. In meadows. Not very common. P. Auguſt. Cows, Horſes and Sheep eat it. BENT TWO PO IN T A L S. 43 BENT with a panicle fine like hair; expanding: empale- Fine ments awl-ſhaped, equal; a little rough with hair; coloured. Capillaris bloſſoms without awns.-The very Nender panicle and fruit-ſtalks cannot eſcape obſervation. Gramen montanum panicula fpadicea delicatiore. Bauh. pin. 3. Gramen miliaceum locuftis minimis, panicula fere arundi- nacea. Ray's Syn. 402. Very common. P. Auguft. BENT with a compact panicle without awns. Empalements Wood equal ; ſhorter than the bloffom before flowering; but afterwards Sylvatica twice as long. - Gramen Miliaceum fylveſtre, glumis oblongis. Ray's Syn. 404. In Biſhops Wood near Hampſtead. P. Auguſt. BENT with a flexible panicle. Empalaments without awns, Marſh equal -Stem creeping and ſtriking root at the joints. Alba Agroſtis panicula coarctata mutica, calycibus æqualibus hiſ- pidiufculis coloratis ; culmo repente. Hudſon's Flor. Ang. 27. Gramen miliaceum majus, panicula fpadicea. Ray's Syn. 464. 1. There is a variety with a green panicle. In ditches and marſhes, frequent. P. July. Minima BENT with a thread-ſhaped panicle without awns.--Straw Small Slender, and very ſhort. Gramen minimum paniculis elegantiſſimis. Bauh. pir. 2. Gramen minimum anglo-britanicum, Ray's Syn. Pi.. dub. In high dry paſtures. P. May. 25 COCKS FOOT. 86 Dactylis. Empal. Huſks compreſſed; keel Shaped, ſharp; pointing one way. One Valve longer than the bloſſom, the other ſhorter. Bloss. A Hufk; compreſſed; oblong ; ſharp. The longeſt Valve keel-ſhaped ; lying within the longeſt valve of the empalement. Chives. Threads three ; hair-like; as long as the bloſſom. Tips forked at each end. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; hair-like ; expanding, woolly. Summits ſimple. S. Vess. None. The bloſſom incloſes the ſeed until it is ripe. SEEDS Solitary; naked; depreſſed on one ſide, convex on the other. Oes. The Rough Cocks-foot bath ſeveral florets in each empale- COCKS ment 44 THREE CHI VE S. Smooth COCKSFOOT with numerous rough ſcattered ſpikes, point. Cynoſuroides ing one way.-Six leaves upon each ſtraw; broad, and longer - than the fraw; very ſmocth; rough at the edges ; ſea green on the inner ſurface. Spikes fix or more; chafy. Pointals long, woolly. Spartum Effexianum, fpica germina clauſa. Ray's Syn. 393. In marſhes in Eſſex. A. Auguft. September. Rough COCKSFOOT with a congregated panicle, pointing one Glomerata way. Each empalement contains four florets,—The bunckes of flowers but little expanded. Little ſpikes compreſſed; in bundles, fitting; Spreading wide when in flower. Tips reddiſh. Gramen fpicatum folio aſpero. Bauh. pin. 3, Gramen pratenſe ſpica multiplici rubra. Park. 1161. Calamagroſtis toroſa panicula. Park. 1182. In ineadows and paſtures, common. P. June. Auguft. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows refuſe it. 26 FEATHERGRA SS. go Stipa. EMPAL. A huſk of two valves, taper, flexible; incloſing a ſingle floret. Bloss. Two valves. The outer Valve terminated by a very long, ſtraight, twiſted awn, jointed at the baſe. The inner Valve ſtrap-ſhaped, without any awn; as long as the outer valve. Ciuves. Threads three; hair like. Tips ſtrap-ſhaped. Point. Seedbud oblong. Shafts two; rough with hair; united at the baſe. Summit downy. S. Vess. An adhering huſk. SEED. Single; oblong. FEATHERGRASS. The awns covered with wool. Gramen Sparteum pennatum. Bauh. pin. 5. Ray's Sjn. 393. Spartum Auftriacum pennatum. Gerard. 42. On mountains. P. July. Auguft. Downy Pennat3 EMPAL. TWO POINT AL S. 45 27 H AIRGRASS. 81 Aira. Empal. A Huſk of two valves, containing two florets. The Valves betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped, nearly equal; ſharp. Bloss. Two valves, reſembling thoſe of the empale- ment. Chives. Threads three; hair-like; as long as the bloſ- ſom. Tips oblong; forked at each end. Point. Seedbud egg-lhaped. Shafts two; briſtly; ex- panding. Summits downy. S. VESS. None. The bloſſom incloſes and adheres to the feed. SEED. Nearly egg-ſhaped. * Without awns. HAIRGRASS with a compaa panicle. Flowers without Purple awns, on fruit-ſtalks, awl-ſhaped; and the edges turned in. Cærulea Leaves flat.-- In very fertile ſoils there are ſometimes four florets in each empalement. Roots bulbous. Tips purpliſh bluc. Pointals purple. Straw long and withont joints. There is ſometimes a ſhaft betwixt the florets but without any ſummit; or elſe it muſt have been arranged under the genus ROPEGRASS. Gramen pratenie ſerotinum panicula longa purpurafcente. Ray's Syn. 404 On bogs, turfy, barren and marſhy places frequent. P. Auguſt Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Upon this and the other ſpecies is found the Chermes Graminis. HAIRGRASS with an expanded pacicle: flowers finooth, Water without awns; longer than the empalement. Leaves fat --In Aquatica dry ſituations ſometimes there are five florets in cach empalement, and the flowers ſiand far afunder. Gramen miliaceum aquaticum. Ray's Sin. 402. Gramen caninum fupinum paniculatum dulce. Pauh. pin. 2. Gramen exile tenuifolium canario fimile, feu Gramen dulce. Park. 1174 Banks of rivers. P. June. July. It hath a ſweet taſte. Cows are very fond of it. Horſes and Sheep eat it. HAIR 46 THREE CHI VE S. Turfy Cælpitoſa * * With awns. HAIRGRASS with flat leaves ; expanding panicles; petals woolly at the baſe and furniſhed wth ſtraight ſhort awns-Outer fides of the valves tinged with purple. Gramen fegetale. Gerard. 5. Gramen ſegetum altiffimum panicula ſparſa. Bauh. pin. 3. Gramen ſegetum panicula ſpeciofa. Park. 1158. Gramen miliaceum fegetale majus. Ray's Syn. 403. Moiſt meadows and woods. P. June. Auguſt. It is very apt to grow in tufts and occaſion irregularities in the ſurface of meadows.--Cows, Goats and Swine eat it. Horſes are not fond of it. Twiſted Flexuola HAIRGRASS with leaves like briſtles; ſtraw almoſt naked; panicle ſtraddling; fruitſtalks zigzag-Each floret hath a taviſted awn as long as the bloſſom, fixed to the outer ſide of the baſe of the petal. Gramen paniculatum locuftis parvis purpuro-argenteis majus et perenne. Ray's Syn. 407. Gramen avenaceuin capillaceum minoribus glumis. Bauh. pin. 10. Rocky and barren ground. P. July. Auguft. Horſes, Cows and Sheep eat it. Mountain Montana HAIRGRASS with leaves like briſtles; panicle cloſe; florets hairy at the baſe, awn rather long and twiſted--Hudſon makes this only a variety of the foregoing, but it differs in the florets being hairy at the baſe. Gramen nemoroſum paniculis albis, capillaceo folio. Bauh. pin. 7. Ray's Syn. 407. High barren ground. P. July. Auguft. Sheep are extremely fond of it. Grey Caneſcens - HAIRGRASS with leaves like briſtles; the upper leaf fheathing and incloſing the lower part of the panicle.-The awns are encompaſſed with teeth in the middle part, brown and thick below, but white, ſlender and club-Shaped above. After flowering the panicle riſes higher out of the Sheath; before flowering it reſembles a ſpike. This is paler than moſt other graſes, and from that circumſtance may be diſtinguiſhed at firſt fight. Gramen foliis junceis, radice jubata. Bauh. pin. 5. Gramen miliaceum maritimum molle. Ray's Syn. 405. In fand on the ſea ſhore. P. July. Cows and Goats eat it, HAIR TWO POIN T A L S. 47 HAIRGRASS with leaves like briſtles; angular ſheaths; pa- Early nicle like a ſpike; florets with an awn at the baſe - Nearly allied Præcos to the foregoing, but ſmaller ; being amongſt the Jmalleſt of all the graſſes. Gramen parvum præcox panicula (potius fpica) laxa caneſ- certe, Ray's Syn. 407. Common in barren fands. A. June. July Silver HAIRGRASS with leaves like briſtles; panicle ſtraddling; florets diſtant; furniſhed with awns.- Caryophyllea Gramen paniculatum, locuſtis purpureo-argenteis annuum. Ray's Syn. 407 Caryophyllus arvenfis glaber minimus. Bauh. pie. 105. In fandy pattures, frequent. A. July, 28 ROPEGRASS. 82 Melica. one EMPAL. A Huſk of two valves, containing two florets. The Valves egg-ſhaped, concave; nearly equal. BLOSS. Two valves. Valves egg-ſhaped; without awns; concave, the other flat. Betwixt the two florets is a rudiment of a third, and ſometimes of a fourth. Chives. Threads three; hairlike as long as the bloſſom. Tips oblong, forked at each end. Point. Seedbud betwixt egg and turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; like briſtles; expanding. Sunimits oblong; woolly. S.VESS. None, the bloſſom incloſes the feed until it ripens. SEED. Single, eggſhaped. Obs. The rudiment of a third floret ſtanding upon a little fruit-falk betwixt the other two florets, gives the eſſential character of this genus. It conſiſts of two rudiments, or florets; lopped; alternate. The buſks rolled ſpirally inwards and Icllucid. ROPE. 48 THREE CHI VE S. Red Nutans ROPEGRASS with a ſimple nodding panicle, and the bloſ- foms not fringed--Panicle red. In this species there is often only one perfect flower in each empalement. Gramen avenaceum nemorenſe, glumis rarioribus exfuſco xerampelinis. Ray's Syn. 403. Gramen avenaceum locuſtis rarioribus. Bauh. pin. 10. Gramen locuftis rubris. Park. 1151. Gramen avenaceum locuſtis rubris montanum. Bauh. pin. 10. Purple melic graſs. In moiſt woods, frequent. P. June. July. In the Iſle of Rafa they make this graſs into ropes for fiſhing nets, which are remarkable for laſting long without rotting. Pennant's Tour. 1774. p. 1297.-Cows, Horſes and Goats eat it. 29 QUAKEGRASS. 84 Briza. 101 EMPAL. A Huſk of two valves, expanding; containing ſeveral florets pointing from two oppoſite lines, collected into a heart-ſhaped ſpike. The Valves blunt, heart-ſhaped, concave, equal. Bloss. Two valves. The lower Valve the ſize and figure of the empalement. The ſuperior Valve ſmall, flat, roundiſh, cloſing the hollow of the other. Chives. Threads three; hairlike. Tips oblong. Point. "Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two; hairlike; much curved. Summits downy. S.Vess. The bloſſom unchanged, contains the feed un- til it is ripe. Seed. Single; very ſmall; roundiſh, compreſſed. QUAKEGRASS. The little ſpikes triangular ; and the florets ſhorter than the empalement-Seven florets in each empalement. Gramen tremulum minus, panicula parva. Bauh. pin. 2. Gramen tremulum minus, panicula ample, locuſtis parvis triangulis. Ray's Syn. 412. In paſtures. P. July. Small Minor QUAKE- TWO PO IN T A L S. 49 QUAKEGRASS. The little ſpikes egg-ſhaped and the florets Common longer than the empalement ---The huſks and flowers are ſometimes Media white. Seven forets in each empalement. Gramen tremulum majus. Bauh. pin. 2. Ray's Syn. 412. Gramen tremulum, feu phalaris media Anglica prima an fecunda. Park. 1165. Phalaris Pratenſe. Gerard. 86. Middle quaking graſs, cow-quakes, ladies hair. In fields and paſtures. P. July. Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. If a feed is carefully diſſected in a microſcope, with a fine lancet, the young plant will be found with its root and leaves pretty perfectly forined. 30 MEADOWGRASS. 83 Poa. Empal. A Huſk of two valves without awns; containing ſeveral florets pointing from two oppoſite lines and collected into an oblong egg-ſhaped ſpike. The Valves egg-ſhaped, tapering. Bloss. Two valves. The Valves egg-ſhaped, tapering, concave, compreſſed; ſomewhat longer than the empalement; ſkinny at the edges. Chives. Threads three; hair-like. Tips forked at each end. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two; reflected; woolly. Summits like the ſhafts. S. VISS. The bloſſoms adheres to the feed without opening SEED, Single; oblong, compreſſed, tapering to a point at each end: covered by the bloſſom. MEADOWGRASS with a ſpreading panicle. Little ſpikes Reed ſtrap-ſhaped, containing fix florets -- Which are generally purpliſh. Aqutica Leaves channeled, ſmooth, broad. The number of florets in cach empalement varies from four to ten. Gramen paniculatum aquaticum latifolium. Bauh. pin. 3. Gramen aquaticum majus. Gerard. 6.411. Gramen paluſtre paniculatum altiffimum. Bauh. pin. 3. In marthes and on the banks of rivers. P. July. Auguft. Sheep eat it. Horſes and Cows are not fond of it. It is an extremely uſeful graſs to fow upon the banks of rivers or brooks. MEA- 50 T H R E E CHI VE S. Common Trivialis MEADOWGRASS with a ſpreading panicle. Little ſpikes of three florets; downy at the baſe. Straw cylindrical, upright -Leaves fimooth along the back. Florets of a yellowver colour at the ends than in the other ſpecies. Gramen pratenſe paniculatum medium. Bauh. pin. 2. Ray's Syn. 409. Gramen pratenſe minus. Park. 1156. Gerard. 2. In moſt meadows and paſtures. P. June. Auguft. Narrowleaved MEADOWGRASS with ſpreading panicles. Little ſpikes Anguſtifolia with two, three, or four florets ; downy. Straw cylindrical, upright-Tips pellozu. Panicle oblong; crowded, ſo as to appear almoſt tiled. Gramen prafenſe paniculatum majus anguſtiore folio. Bauh. pin. 2. In woods and hedges. A. June. July. Horſes, Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Great Pratenfis MEADOWGRASS with a ſpreading panicle. Little fpikes with five florets ; fmooth. Straw cylindrical, upright.-- Tipsblue. Gramen pratenſe paniculatum majus latiore folio, Poa Theo- phraſti. Bauh. pin. 2. Ray's Syn. 4o9. Gramen Pratenſe. Gerard. 2. Gramen pratenſe vulgatius. Park. 1156. In fields and paſtures. P. June. July. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Swine eat it. Goats are not fond of it. Annua. Annua MEADOWGRASS with the panic!e ſpreading horizontally from the ſtraw. Little ſpikes blunt. Straw oblique, compreffed. Gramen pratenſe ininus feu vulgatiffimum. Ray's Syn. 108. Gramen pratenſe minimum album et rubrum. Park. 1156. Gerard. 3. Hard Rigida Gramen pratenſe paniculatum minus. Fauh. pin. 3. Suffolk yrafs. In moſt paſtures. A. April. September. Horſes, Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. MEADOWGRASS with a ſpear-thaped panicle; a little branched; the florets all pointing one way. The branches alternate-Straw in flexible, very ſhort. Panicles Spear-ſhaped, inflexible, doubly compounded; branches alternate, with alternate little Spikes on inflexible fruitſtalks which are ſhorter than the Spike they ſupport. The little Spikes are ſtrap-Shaped, Sharp, and contain fix or eight florets which are a little sharp and Skinny at the point. Empalement keel-ſhaped. Gramen panicula multiplici. Bauh. pin. 3. Gramen exile duriuſculum in muris et aridis proveniens. Ray's Syn. 410. On walls, roofs, and dry fandy foil, frequent. A. July. MEA- Park. 1157: TWO POINT AL S. 51 a MEADOWGRASS with a compact panicle, in which the Creeping florets point all one way. Straw oblique, compreſſed -Generally Compretla fix florets in each empalement. Gramen pratenſe medium culmo compreffo. Ray's Syn. 409. Gramen murorum radice repente. Bauh. pin 2. On walls, houſe-tops and other very dry places. A. June. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. MEADOWGRASS with a panicle growing gradually ſmaller Wood towards the point; each little ſpike contains about two ſharp- Nemoralis pointed rough florets. Straw bowed inwards. - In woods and ſhady places. A. June. MEADOWGRASS with a panicle a little expanding; the Bulbous florets all pointing one way; each little ſpike containing about Bullora four florets---Straw with bulbs or knobs at the bottom. Gramen arvenſe panicula criſpa. Bauh. pin. 3. In paſture ground near Clapham in Surry. P. June. MEADOWGRASS with a ſpiked panicle. About four florets Creſted in each empalement, which is longer than the fruit-ſtalk and a Criſtata little hairy. Petals with awns.- Gramen fpica criſtata fubhirſutum. Bauh. pin. 2. Gramen pumilum ſpica purpuro-argentea mojli. Ray's Syn. 396. Crifted Hairgrafs. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 28. In high barren paſtures. P. July. Auguſt. 31 FESCUE. 88 Feſtuca. EMPAL. A Huſk of two valves; upright; containing feveral florets collected into a ſlender ſpike. The Valves awl-ſhaped, tapering. The inferior Valve the ſmalleſt. Bloss. Two valves. The inferior Valve the figure of the empalement but larger; rather cylindrical but taper- ing, and ending in a ſharp point. CHives. Threads three; hair-like; fhorter than the blof- ſom. Tips oblong; . Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts two, ſhort, refleded. Summits fimple. S.Vess. The bloffom ſhuts cloſe upon the ſeed, Serd. Single; flender; oblong; very ſharp pointed at each end, with a furrow running lengthways. a E2 FESCUE 52 THREE CHI VE S. Sheep Ovina * Panicle cuith the foret all pointing one way. FESCUE with a compact panicle; forets with awns, all pointing one way. Straw four cornered, almoſt naked. Leaves like briſtles - Hairy'. The lorver little likes on fuit-ſtalks ; four fiorets in each; with the rudiment of a fifih. Gramei capillaceum, locufellis pennatis non ariſtatis. Ray's Syn. 410. Gramen foliisjunceis brevibus majus, radice nigra. Bauh. pin.g. 1. There is a variety which is viviparous. Ray in his Syn. p.416, calls it Gramen iparteum montanum, fpica foliacea graminea, majus et minus. Tab. 22. fig. 1. In high and dry ſituations. P. Jurie. July. It flouriſhes beſt in a dry ſandy ſoil: Cows, Horſes, and Goats will cat it, but it is the favourite food of Sheep: they pre- fer it before all other graſſes, and ſooneſt upon it; for though ſmall, it is ſucculent. The Tartars who lead a wander- ing life, tending their flocks and herds, always chooſe thoſe ſpots where this graſs abounds. Is not the fuperiority of the Spaniſh and Engliſh wool owing to the abundance of this graſs in in the hilly paſtures where the Sheep are kept? TESCUE with an oblong panicle. Florets all pointing one way. Little ſpikes oblong and ſmooth. Leaves like briſtles Smooth. Branches of the panicle alternate. The leaves which ariſe from the root, thread-Jhaped and channelle a ; thoſe uon the firaru fat; the Huſks ſmooth. Little Spikes on fruit-ſtalks, five or fix floreis in cach, with short auns. One valve of the bulk twice as la Gramen pratenſe panicula duriore laxa unam partem ſpectante, Ray's Syn. 413. Tab. 10. fig. 1. In dry paſtures. P. June. grow fat Hard Duriuſcula ge as the other. Purple Rubra FESCUE with a rough panicle and the florets all pointing one way. The little ſpikes contain fix fiurers, all of which have awns except that at the end. Straw femi-cylindrical---The fize, the red colour when ripe; and the femi-cylindrical fraw diftinguiſh this from the Sheep's Fefeue. The upper ſurface of the leaves ſoft and corred zvith a very fine wool. In dry paſtures. P. June. Horſes and Goats eat it. Sheep refuſe it. FESCUE TWO POINT AL S. 53 FESCUE with ſpiked nodding panicles. Empalement very Wall minute; without awus. Blofſoms rough and furniſhed with Myuros awns--- Leaves azul-shaped, ſcored, fiscathing the firaw. Five florets in each little ſpike. Paniele branched but not fyreading ; very fiender and long ; bent a little, but not nodding. Grainen murorum ípica longiilima. Gerard 31. Ray's Syn. 415. Gramen fpica nutante longitſina. Park. 1162. Capons-tail graſs. On walls and in very dry and barren foils. A. June. Meadow FESCUE with a panicle in which the florets all point one way: Barren little ſpikes upright. One valve of the empalement entire, the Bromoides other tapering to a point.-The panicle fomewhat reſembling a Spike and the huſks not being fringed, diſtinguiſh this from the Wall Feicue. Gramen paniculatum bromoides minus, paniculis ariſtatis unam partem ſpectantibus. Ray's Syn. 415. In fandy fields. A. May. June. FESCUE with an upright panicle, in which the forets all Tall point one way. Little ſpikes with a few awns; the outer ones Elatior cylindrical. - 1. Panicle upright, little ſpikes narrow, without awns: leaves flat. Hudſon. 37 Gramen paniculatum nemoroſum, latiore folio glabrum, pani- cula nutante non ariſtata. Ray's Syn. 411. Gramen paniculatum elatius, fpicis longis muticis et ſquainoſis. Ray's Syn. 411. 2. There is another variety, which Ray calls Gramen arundina- ceum aquaticum panicula avenacea. Syn. 411. In paſtures; but not common. P. July. It makes an excellent paſture, but it requires a rich foil. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. ** Panicle with the florets pointing various ways. FESCUE with an upright panicle: little ſpikes ſomewhat egg- Small ſhaped; without awns. Florets ſhorter than the empalement. Decumbens Straw drooping--Panicle ſimple. Empalement as long as the littlejpires. Gramen avenaceum parvum procumbens, paniculis non fariſtatis. Ray's Syn. 408. In barren, but rather moiſt ground. P. Auguft. Sheep refuſe it. FESCUE with an upright branched panicle. Little ſpikes Floating cylindrical; without awns; with very ſhort fruit-ſtalks.- Fluitans Gramen aquaticum cum longiffima panicula. Ray's Syn. 412. Gramen fluviatile. Gerard. 14. Park. 1275. Gramen aquaticum fluitans, multiplici fpica. Bauh. pin. 2. Flote Feſcue graſs. In wet ditches and ponds, very common. P. June. July. The a 54 Τ T R E E CHI VE S. H Η The ſeeds are ſmall, but very ſweet and nouriſhing. They are collected in ſeveral parts of Germany and Poland, under the name of Manna Seeds; and are uſed at the tables of the great in foups and gruels, upon account of their nutritious quality, and grateful flavour. When ground to meal, they make bread very little inferior to that in common uſe. The bran ſeparated in preparing the meal, is given to Horſes that have the worins ; but they muſt be kept from water for ſome hours afterwards, Geeſe are very fond of the feeds, and well know where to look for them. The plant affords nouriſhment to the gold ſpotted Moth, Phalana Feftucæ. Wood Sylvatica awns, - FESCUE with flowers forming a ſpike ; little ſpikes alternate, nearly all pointing in two directions; fitting: furniſhed with Feſtuca graminea nemoratis latifolia nollis. Bauh. pin, 10. Gramen avenaceum dumetorun fpicatum. Ray's Syn. 394. In woods and hedges. P. July. 32 BROOMGRASS. 89 Bromus. EMPAL. A Huſk of two valves, expanding; containing ſeveral florets collected into a ſpike. The Valves ob- long egg-ſhaped, taper, without awns. The inferior Valve ſmaller than the other. Bloss. Two valves. The inferior Valve large; the fize and figure of the empalement; concave, blunt, clo- ven; ſending out a ſtraight Awn from beneath the ends. The ſuperior Valve ſpear-ſhaped, ſmall; without Chives. Threads three; hair-like; ſhorter than the blof- fom. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; ſhort; woolly; reflected. Summits ſimple. S. Vess. The bloſſom fhuts cloſe upon and adheres to the feed. Seed. Single, oblong, convex on one ſide, furrowed on the other. an awn. Field Secalinus BROOMGRASS. The panicle expanding. Little ſpikes egg-ſhaped; awns Amight. Seeds ſeparate, Leaves rough on c. fide. BROOM TWO POIN T A L S. 55 1. BROOMGRASS, Panicle upright and compact—This varicty Compa&t is occaſioned by a dry frif" foil, for when ſown in a garden it again Hordeaceus becomes the BROMUS SECALINUS. 2. Spikes thick, empalements 1mooth. Feltuca avenacea fpicis habitioribus glumis glabris. Ray's Syn. 414 3. Empalements finooth and ſlender. In meadows and paſtures. 1. 2. in ploughed fields. A. May. June. The ſeeds of this ſpecies mixed with better corn, may be uſed to make bread; but when mixed in too large a proportion they render the bread brown and bitter, and thoſe that eat it experi- ence a temporary giddineſs. The panicles are uſed by the common people in Sweden for dying green.—This graſs is eaten by Horſes, Cows, Goats and Sheep. BROOMGRASS. The panicle nearly upright. Little ſpikes Soft egg-ſhaped, downy; awns ſtraight; leaves very ſoft and woolly.- Mollis Feſtuca avenacea hirfuta, paniculis minus fparfis. Ray's Syn. 413; On walls and ditch-banks. B. May. June. BROOMGRASS. The panicle open. Little ſpikes oblong; Barren the florets pointing from two oppoſite lines. Husks awl-ſhaped, Sterilis with awns-fix or ſeven florets in each, Leaves fmooth. Feſtuca avenacea ſterilis elatior ſeu bromos dioſcoridis. Bauh. pin. 9. Ray's Syn. 412. Bromos herba, five avena ſterilis. Park. 1147. Bromos ſterilis. Gerard 16. In woods and hedge rows, frequent. A. June. July. BROOMGRASS with a nodding panicle. Little ſpikes ob- Corn long egg-ſhaped-Straw upright; often as thick as a gooſe-quill . Arvenſis The Sheaths and the upper ſurface of the leaves downy with white hairs. Ten florets in each little Spike. Huſks membranaceous at the edges. Feſtuca graminea effufa juba. Bauh. pin. 192. Feſtuca elatior paniculis minus ſparſis, locuſtis oblongis ftrigoſis, ariſtis purpureis fplendentibus. Ray's Syn. 414. In cornfields. Plentiful about Graveſend. P. July. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. E 4. BROOM. 56 THREE CHI VE S. Wall Tectorum BROOMGRASS with a nodding panicle. Little ſpikes ſtrap- ſhaped-Straw with five joints. Sheaths ſcored. Leaves Soft on the upper ſurface; fringed at the edges. Florets in the panicle all pointing one way; and when the ſeeds are ripe it hang's down to the ground. The five lozermoſ fruit-ſtalks hair-like; limber; rough. Florets five in cach little ſpike. Huſks awl-Shaped, with upright awns, as long as the huſks. Feſtuca avenacea ſterilis, fpicis erectis. Ray's Sjn. 413. Bromus ciliatus. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 40. Upon walls, roofs, and very dry paſtures. A. May. Cows, Horles, Goats and Sheep eat it. a Tall Giganteus BROOMGRASS with a nodding panicle. Little ſpikes with four florets. Awns ſhorter than the little ſpikes-Straw about five feet high. Leaves the breadth of a man's finger. Gramen avenaceum glabrum, panicula a ſpicis raris ftrigofis compoſita, ariſtis tenuiffimis. Ray's Syn. 415. In woods and moiſt hedges. P. Auguft. Cows, Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. Cluſter Racemofus BROOMGRASS. Each empalement ſtanding on a fruit-ſtalk, and including fix ſmooth bloſſoms with awns: the whole form- ing an undivided bunch.- Feſtuca avenacea fpicis ftrigofioribus e glumis glabris compac- tis. Ray's Syn. 414. Hudſon makes this only a variety of the Bromus SECALINUS. Flor. Angl. 39. Common in woods and hedges. A. July. Auguft. Wood Ramofus Spiked l'innatus BROOMGRASS with a branched nodding, rough panicle. About ten forets in each little ſpike, longer than the awn. Leaves rough- Feſtuca graminea nemoralis latifolia mollis. Bauh. pin. g. Gramen avenaceum dumetorum panicula ſparſa. Ray's Syn. 415. In woods and hedges, frequent. A. July Auguſt. BROOMGRASS. The ſtraw undivided. Little ſpikes cylin- drical; alternate; with awns; ſupported upon very ſhort fruit- Atalks. --The flatter fides of the little ſpikes are turned towards the fraw. The awns terminating. During the time of flowering, the little ſpikes ſend out horizontally, but before, and afterwards, they Le cloſe to the ſtraw. Giamen (pica briza majus. Bauh. pin. 9. Ray's Sin. 392. In dry fields and commons. P. juve. Hories and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. EMPAL TWO POINT AL S. 57 a 33 O AT. 91 Avena. EMPAL. A Huſk of two valves; frequently containing ſeveral florets looſely colleaed. The Valves large, ſpear-ſhaped diftended; ſharp; without awns. Bloss. Two valves. The inferior Valve of the size of the huſk but harder; fomewhat cylindrical, diftended, tapering towards each end, ſending out from its back an awn, ſpirally twiſted and bent back as if it was jointed. Cuives. Threads three: hair-like. Tips oblong; forked at each end. Point. Seedbud blunt. Shafts two ; reflected; hairy. Summits fimple. S. Vess. The Bloſſom ſhuts cloſe upon and adheres to the feed. SEED. Single; ſlender; oblong, tapering at each end; marked with a furrow lengthways. Obs. The eſſential character of this genus conſiſts in the jointed, twiſted, Awn, growing from the back of the bloſſom. The number of the florets in each empalement is from one to four or more. OAT with flowers forming a panicle; each empalement in- Tall cloſing two florets. One foret containing both chives and Elatior pointals and hardly any awn; the other having only chives and bearing the awn. Gramen nodoſum avenacea panicula. Bauh. pin. 2. Ray's Syn. 406. Gramen caninum nodoſum. Gerard. 23. Gramen caninum nodoſum five bulbofum vulgare. Park. 1175. Tall Oatgraſs. 1. There is a variety with long ſhining flowers. Gramen avenaceum elatius, juba longa fplendente. Ray's Meth. Em. 179. In fields and paſtures. Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. OAT with flowers forming a panicle. Each empalement Naked containing three bloſſoms. The receptacle is longer than the Nuda empalement. The bloſſoms have awns upon their backs-The - Jeeds when ripe fall out of the huſks. Avena nuda. Bauh. pin. 23. Bauh. pin. 23. Gerard. 77. Park. 1134 Ray's Syn. 389. Pilcorn. In ploughed fields, but not common. A. July. This is nearly as good as the cultivated Oat; it will make gruel or oat cake, and feed cattle the ſame as that. ОАТ 58 THREE CHIVES, Bearded Fatua OAT with flowers forming a panicle. Each empalement containing three forets which are all hairy at the baſe. The awns entirely ſmooth- Feſtuca utriculis lanugine flaveſcentibus. Bauh. pin. 10. Ægilops quibuſdam ariſtis recurvis, feu avena piloſa. Ray's Syn. 389. Ægilops bromoides. Gerard. 77. Agilops bromoides belgarum. Park. 1148. In the fields about Stockwell in Surry. P. Auguft. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. The awns are uſed in making hygrometers. OAT with flowers almoſt forming a ſpike. Each empalement generally containing three florets; hairy at the baſe; leaves fiat, downy-Spiked panicle of a purpliſh Moining white. Gramen avenaceum hirſutum, s. glabrum, panicula purpuro- argentea fplendente. Ray's Syn. 406. Tab. 21. fig. 2. In dry loils. Plentiful upon Banſtead Downs. P. June. Rough Pubeſcens a Yellow Flaveſcens OAT with a looſe panicle. Each empalement ſhort and cona taining two or three florets; all of them furniſhed with awns- Panicle yellowiſh. Gramen avenaceun pratenſe elatius, panicula flaveſcente, locuſtis parvis. Ray's Syn. 407. Very common. P. July Cattle are not fond of it. Meadow Pratenſis OAT with flowers almoſt forming a ſpike. Each empalement containing five florets—Leaves channelled, ſmooth; panicle com- pael. Florets ſmooth ; the upper one in each little ſpike barren. Gramen avenaceum montanum ſpica ſimplici, ariſtis recurvis. Ray's Syn. 405. Tab. 21. fig. 1. Upon heaths and chalk hills. P. July. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. 34 REED TWO POINT AL S. 59 34 REED. 93 Arundo. EMPAL. A Huſk of two upright valves, containing one or more florets. The Valves oblong, tapering; with- out awns. One ſhorter than the other. Bloss. Two valves. The Valves as long as the empale- ment; oblong, tapering; with ſoft and tender hairs ariſing from the baſe and nearly as long as the bloffom. Cuives. Threads three; hair-like. Tips forked at each end. Point. Seedbud oblong. Shafts two; hair-like; reflected; woolly. Summits ſimple. S.Vess. The bloſſom adheres to the feed without open- ing SEED. Single; oblong, tapering towards each end, furniſhed with long feathers at the baſe. REED with a flexible panicle: each empalement containing Common five forets - Phragmitis Arundo vulgaris five phragmites dioſocoridis. Bauh. pin, 17. Arundo vallatoria. Gerard. 36. Ray's Syn. 401. Arundo vulgaris five vallatoria. Park. 1208. Rivers, lakes, ditches; very common. P. July. Horſes, Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep refuſe it. The panicles are uſed by the ruſtics in Sweden to dye green. The Reeds are much more durable than ſtraw for thatching. Skreens to keep off the cold winds in gardens, are made of them; and they are laid acroſs the frame of wood-work as the founda- tion for plaiſter floors. REED with an upright panicle; each empalement contain- Small ing a fingle floret. Leaves ſmooth on the under fide-Straw Epigejos two feet high. Leaves the breadth of a finger. Panicle denſe green, with a tinge of red. Calamagroſtis minor glumis rufis et viridibus. Rey's Sjn. 401. In woods P. July. It very much reſembles the rough Cocksfoot in its external afpearance. REED 60 T H R E E CHI VE S. Branched REED with one floret in each empalement. The empalement Calamagroſtis ſmooth; the bloſſoms furniſhed with long ſoft hairs; the ſtraw branched Gramen arundinaceum panicula molli fpadicea majus. Eauh. pin. 7. Ray's Syn. 401. Gramen tomentorium arundinaceum. Gerard. 9. Calamagroſtis ſeu gramen tomentofum. Park. 1182. In moiſt woods and hedges. P. June. July. Goats eat it. Sea Arenaria REED with one floret in each empalement. Leaves rolled inwards at the edges and furniſhed with very ſharp points—This plant probably originated from the Small Reed impregnated by the duft of the Sea Lymegraſs. Gramen ſparteum fpicatum foliis mucronatis longioribus vel {pica fecalina. Bauh pin. . Ray's Syn. 393. Spartum marinum noftras. Park. 1198. Spartum anglicanum. Gerard 42. Sea matweed. On the ſea ſhore. P. June. July. It grows only on the very drieſt ſand upon the ſea ſhore; and prevents the wind carrying the fand from the ſhore and difper- fing it over the adjoining fields : which is not unfrequently the caſe where this Reed is wanting. Many a fertile acre hath been covered with unprofitable fand and rendered entirely uſeleſs; which might have been prevented by fowing the feeds of this plant upon the fhore. The country people cut, and bleach it for making matts, Where it is plentiful, houſes are thatched with it. it 35 RYE TWO POINT AL S. 61 35 R YE. 97 Secale. . Common Receptocle lengthened into a ſpike. EMPAL. A Huſk of two leaves, containing two forets. The Leaves of the hulk oppoſite; diſtant; upright; ſtrap-ſhaped, tapering, ſmaller than the blollom. Florets fitting Bloss. Two valves. The outer Valve inflexible, diftended, tapering, compreſſed; the keel fringed and termin nating in a long awn. The inner Valve flat, ſpear- ſhaped Chives. Threads three; hair-like; hanging out of the bloſſom. Tips oblong, forked. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; reflected; woolly. Summits fimple. S. VESS. None. The bloſſom contains the feed until it is ripe. SEED. Single; oblong; naked; ſomewhat cylindrical, but tapering at one end. Oes. There is frequently a third floret upon a fruit-ſtalk betwixi the other two larger ones which have no fruit-ſtalk. RYE. The huſks fringed with ſoft hairs, and the ſcales of the Woolly einpalement wedge-ſhaped.-- Villorum Gramen fecalinun majus ſylvaticum. Ray's Syn. 393. Wood Rye-grals. In woods and hedge-rows. A. July. It nouriſhes the following inſects. Brown Moth, Phalana granella-Rye Moth, Phalena focalis-Weevel, Curculio grą. narius--and Trips Phyſapus. The little ſpikes appear very beautiful in the microſcope. 36 WHEAT 62 THREE CHI VE S, 36 WHEAT. 99 Triticum. Common Receptacle lengthened into a ſpike. EMPAL. A Huſk of two valves, containing ſeveral florets. The Valves egg-ſhaped, blunt, concave. Bloss. Two valyes, nearly equal; the ſize of the em- palement. The outer Valve diftended, blunt but tapering. The inner Valve flat. CHIVES. - Chives. Threads three; hair-like. Tips oblong, fork- ed at each end. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; hair-like, reflected. Summits downy. S.VISS. None. The bloſſom contains the feed until it is ripe. SEED. Single; oblong egg-ſhaped ; blunt at each end, convex on one ſide, furrowed on the other. Obs. The outer value of the bloſſom in ſome ſpecies is furniſhed with an arun; in others not. The middle floret is frequently with out pointals. Ruth Junceum WHEAT with lopped empalements, each containing five florets. Leaves rolled inwards--and ſharp pointed. 1. There is one variety with a thick ſpike and a trailing ſtraw, the Gramen loliaceuin maritimum ſupinum ſpica craffiore. Ray's a Syn. 391. Couch Repens - And another 2. With a leafy ſpike, the Gramen caninuin maritimum ſpica foliacea. Bauh. pin. 2. Sea Wheat-grafs. On the ſea ſhore; very common. P. June. July. WHEAT with awl-ſhaped tapering empalements; three or four florets in each. Leaves flat-There is generally only three florets in each empalement. Gramen fpica triticea repens vulgare, caninum dictum. Ray's Syn. 390. Gramen caninum. Gerard. 23.--Vulgatius. Park. 1173. Gramen caninum arvenſe, ſeu gramen dioſcoridis. Bauh.pin. 1. Common Wheat-graſs, Dogs-graſs, Squitch graſs,orCouch-graſs. In every field. P. June. Auguft. The roots dried and ground to meal, have been uſed to make bread in years of ſcarcity: and the juice of them drank liberally is recommended by Boerhaave in obſtructions of the viscera; particularly in caſes of ſchirrhus liver and jaundice. Cattle are frequently found to have ſchirrhus livers in the winter, and they foon get cured when turned out to graſs in the ſpring - Dogs eat the leaves, to excite vomiting -- Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat them. WHEAT T.WO POI N T A L S. 63 WHEAT with empalements containing ſeveral florets, each Sea having a ſharp point. Spike branched.-- Leaves as long as the Maritimum ſtraw; the sheathing part purple. Eight or ten florets in each cm- palement; alternate, compriſed; thickeſt at the baſe ; fitting ; in the ſubdiviſions ſometimes folitary. Poa fpicata, fpiculis alternis feffilibus, ſub ſex floris. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 35: Gramen pumilum loliaceofimile. Ray's Syn. 395. Spiked Meadow-graſs. In the ſand on the ſea ſhore, frequent. P. May June. 37 BARLEY. 98 Hordeum. Common Receptacle lengthened into a ſpike. EMPAL. A Huſk of two narrow taper valves, containing one floret, flowers ſitting, three in a place. Bloss. Two valves. The lower Valve longer than the empalement; diftended; angular; egg-ſhaped ; ta- pering; ending in a long awn. The interior Valve ſmaller; flat, ſpear-ſhaped. Clives. Threads three; hair-like, ſhorter than the blof- fom. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud, betwixt egg and turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; woolly; reflected. Summits like the ſhafts. S.Vess. The bloſſom grows round the feed without open- ing SEED. Single; oblong, diftended, angular, tapering at each end; furrowed on one ſide. Obs. In fome ſpecies d'l the three florets that grow together have both chives and pointals; but in others the middle færet alone is fur- nished with chives and pointals, the lateral florets having only two chives. BARLEY. The lateral forets without awns and without Knotted pbintals. The hulks briſtle-ſhaped and ſmooth. Root bulbous, Nodofum large. The bufks have purple aruns, longer than the bloffoms. Alopecurus ſpica cylindrica, culmo erecto, radice buibofa. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 24. Gramen myofuroides nodofum. Ray's Syn. 397. Bulboſe Fox-tail-graſs. In meadows and paſtures. P. June. BARLEY 64 THREE CHI VE S. Wall Murinum BARLEY. The lateral florets have awns, and chives. The intermediate huſks are fringed-There is often the appearance of pointals in the lateral forets as well as in the middle floret; but the lateral ones do not produce perfect ſeeds. Hordeum fpurium vulgare. Park. 1147. Gramen fecalinum et fecale ſylveſtre. Gerard. 73. Ray's Syn.391. Gramen hordeaceum minus et vulgare. Bauh. pin. g. There are two varieties, viz. 1. Lateral florets very indiſtinct. Gramen fecalinum. Gerard. 29. and 2. Marine wall barley. Gramen fecalinum paluſtre et maritimum. Ray's Syn. 392. Wali Barley-graſs. Way Bennet. Upon walls and road-fides. The firſt variety is found in wet paſtures; the ſecond near the ſea coaſt. A. April. Auguſt. Sheep and Horſes eat it. It feeds the Brown Moth Phalana granella—and the Barley Fly, Muſca frit. 38 LYMEGRASS. 96 Elymus. Common Receptacle lengthened into a ſpike. Empal. A Huſk of four leaves, pointing from two oppo- fite lines, two of the leaves which are awl-ſhaped, belonging to each little ſpike. Bloss. Two valves; the outer Valve large, tapering; fur- niſhed with an awn. The interior Valve flat. Chive. Threads three; hair-like; very ſhort. Tips ob- long, forked at the baſe. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; ſtraddling, hairy, bent inwards. Summits ſimple S. VESS. The bloſſom incloſes the ſeed. Seed. Single; ſtrap-ſhaped; convex on one ſide. Obs. The empalement may be conſidered as a huſk of two leaves, and two of theſe empalements growing together. LYME- TWO POINT A L S. 65 LYMEGRASS with an upright cloſe and long ſpike. Em. Sea palement furniſhed with down ; longer than the bloſſom.—Leaves Arenarius like thoſe of reeds; bluiſh green or whitiſh; rolled inwards and ſharp- pointed. Gramen caninum maritimum fpica triticea noftras. Ray's Syn. 390. Gramen caninum maritimum fpicatum. Bauh. pin. 1. Gramen caninum geniculatum maritimumſpicatum.Park.1 277. Common on the ſea coaſt. P. May. Tune. It refifts the ſpreading of looſe fand on the ſea fhore. Is it not capable of being formed into ropes as one ſpecies of the Fea- thergraſs (Stipa tenaciſſima) is in Spain ?-Cows, Horſes and Goats eat it. Sheep refuſe it. LYMEGRASS with a nodding; cloſe and long ſpike. The Dog's little ſpikes ſtraight, without any fence; the lower ones grow - Caninus ing in pairs Gramen caninum ariſtatum, radice non repente, fylvaticum Ray's Syn. 390. Triticum caninum. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 45. Bearded Wheat-graſs. In woods and hedges. P. June. July. LYMEGRASS with an upright fpike. Two florets in each Wood little ſpike. Empalement equal. - Europæus Gramen hordeaceum montanuin, ſeu majus. Bauh. pin. 9. Ray's Syn. 392. In woods. P. 1 39 DARNEL 66 THREE CHI VES. 39 D ARNEL. 95 Lolium. Common Receptacle lengthened into a ſpike. The florets pointing from two oppoſite lines and each preſſed cloſe to a bend in the receptacle. EMPAL. A Huſk of one valve, awl-ſhaped, permanent; ſtanding oppoſite to a bend in the receptacle. Bloss. Two valves. The inferior Valve narrew; fpear- ſhaped; rolled inwards ; tapering: as long as the empalement. The ſuperior Valve ſhorter, more blunt, ftrap-ſhaped, concave in the upper part. . CHives. Threads three; hair-like ; ſhorter than the blof- fom. Tips oblong. Point. Secdbud, turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; hair-like; refle&ed. Summits downy. S. VESS. None. The bloſſom incloſes the feed until it is ripe. Seed. Single; oblong; compreſſed; convex on one ſide, flat and furrowed on the other. Obs. The angles in the ſpike-ſtalk lving in the ſame plane with the forets fupply the defect of inner velves to the huſks. Red Perenne DARNEL. The ſpike without awns. The little ſpikes con- tain ſeveral forets and are compreſſed.—Three or four florets in each little Spike. The larger valve of the blofom cloven ; ſometimes furniſhed with a ſhort, Soft fort of an dwn. Gramen loliaceum anguſtiore folio et fpica. Bauh. pin. 9. Ray's Syn. 395. Lolium rubrum. Gerard-Phænix. Park 114.. 1. There is a variety in which the ſpike reſembles a panicle ; viz. the gramen loliaceum paniculatum. Ray's Syn. 39,- In roads and dry paſtures, very common. P. June. Ray Graſs, Rve Grafs. It makes excellent hay upon dry chalky or fandy ſoils. It is cultivated with advantage along with Clover, and ſprings earlier than the other graſſes; thereby ſupplying food for cattle, at a featon when it is moſt difficult to be obtained. Cows, Horſes and Sheep eat it. Goats are not fond of it. DARNEL. TWO PON T A L S. 67 DARNEL. The ſpike with awns. The little ſpikes con- White tain ſeveral florets and are compreſſed.- Temulentum Lolium album. Gerard. 78. Park 1145. Ray's Syn. 376. Gramen loliaceum (pica longiore. Bauh. pin. 9. Annual Darnel Grafs. In ploughed fields. A. July. Auguſt. The ſeeds mixed with bread-corn produce but little effect, un- leſs the bread is eaten hot; but if malted with Barley the ale foon occaſions drunkenneſs. Sheep are not fond of it. 40 DOGSTAIL. 87 Cynoſurus. Empal. Partial Fence large; lateral ; generally conſiſting of three leaves. A Huſk of two valves containing ſeveral florets. The Vålves ſtrap-ſhaped ; tapering; equal. BLOSS. Two valves. The outer Valve concave and longer than the other. The inner Valve flat, without an awn. Chives. Threads thiee ; hair-like. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts two; woolly; re- flected. Summits ſimple. S. Vess. None. The bloſſom cloſely wrapping round the feed. Seed. Single; oblong, tapering at each end. Obs. In moſt species the fince is like a comb. DOGSTAIL. The floral leaves with winged clefts. - Little Creſted ſpikes compoſed of three florets. Valves of the huſk without aruns. Criſtatus Petals unequal; the larger one terminated by a short awn. Gramen criſtatum. Gerard 29. Ray's Syn. 398. Gramen criſtatum anglicum. Park 1159. Gramen pratenſe criſtatum, five gramnen ſpica criſtata læve. Bauh. pin. 3. 1. There is a variety in which the ear is four cornered, viz. the Gramen criſtatum quadratum, feu quatuor criſtatum glum 1- rum verſibus. Ray's Syn. 399. In paſtures. P. Auguft. Sheep eat it, DOGSTAL THREE CHIV E S. Rough Eclinatus DOGSTAIL. The floral leaves winged; chafly ; furniſhed with fort awns.--The florets are collected into a congregated bunch. The outer foris only have floral leaves, alternately winged; each containing a hingle floret, and ending in an awn. The Hulk hath two volves and contains two forets; is mumbranaccous, and 3rd's very fine at the joint. The Bloſſom of two valves with an awn upon the outermoſt point. Shaft eloven. Gramen alopecuroides 1pica afpera. Iauh. pin. 4. Gramen alopecuroides ípica aſpera brevi. Park. 118. Ray's Syr. 39 In fandy foils. A. July. DOGSTAIL with the floral leaves entire.—Leaves bluiſh groen. Straus oblique. The fpike is ſometimes white. Gramen glumis variis. lauh. pin. 10. Gramen parvum montanum ípica craffiore purpuro-cærulea brevi. Ray's Syn. 399. In marſhes fometimes, but moſtly on the tops of mountains in the pooreſt foil. P. July. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. Blue Caruleus Order III. Three Pointals. 41 BLINKS. 101 Montia. EMPAL. Cup of two leaves; egg-ſhaped, concave, blunt ; upright; permanent. Bloss. One petal, deeply divided into five parts. The three alternate ſegments ſmaller than the reſt, and ſupporting the chives. Cuves. Threads three ; hair-like ; as long as the blof. fom, into which they are inſerted. Tips ſmall. Point. Scedbud turban-ſhaped. Shafts three; woolly; ex- panding. Summits ſimple. S. Viss. Capſule turban-ſhaped, blunt; of one cell and three valves. SETDS Three; roundiſh. Oes. The cup hath frequently three leaves and then the flower fro- duces fire chives. Water Fontana BLINKS. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus gives no defcription of it.-Leaves oppoſite : Flowers on long fruit-ſtalks. Elofioms white. This is one of the ſmalleſt plants we are acquainted with Alfiue parva paluſtris tricoccos, portulacæ aquaticæ fimilis. Riv's Syz. 252. Portulaca arvenſis. Pauh. pin. 288. About ſprings and watery lanes. A. April. CLASS ( 69 ) CLASS IV. . TH HE Clives in this Claſs are four, and all of the fame length; whereas in the fourteenth Claſs, which is likewiſe compoſed of flowers with four chives, the chives are unequal in lengh, two of them being long and two of them ſhort. The fourth diviſion of the firſt Order including the STARRY plants, admits of the following natural character. Empal. Cup ſmall; with four teeth ; permanent: ſu- perior. Bloss. One petal; tubular. Border expanding; with four diviſions. CHives. Threads four. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud beneath : double. Shaft thread ſhaped ; cloven. Seids. Two ; ſomewhat globular. Obs. Stem four cornered. Leaves ſurrounding the ſtem in form of a ſtar. The plants correſponding with this natural character are aſtringent and diuretic, F 3 CLASS ( 70 ) CL A S S IV. F OUR CHI VE S. ORDER I. ONE POINT AL. * Florvers of one Petal, and one Seed-ſuperior. INCORPORATED. 42 TEASEL. Common Empalement leafy. Receptacle conical, chaffy. Seeds' like little pillars. 43 DEVILSBIT. Empalement common to ſeveral florets. Receptacle raiſed, a little chaffy. Seeds crowned; rolled in a cover. ** Flowers of one Petalbeneath; and one Seed-veſel. 44 CHAFFWEED, Bloſſom wheel-ſhaped. Empalement deeply divided into four parts. Cap- ſule of one cell ; cut round. 45 PLANTAIN. Bloſſom bent back as if broken. Em- palement divided into four parts. Capſule of two cells; cut round. mbi Dwarf Gentian. y Marſh Gentian. *** Flowers of one Petal-fuperior; and one Seed-veſel. 46 Burnet. Bloſſom flat. Cup two leaves. Capſule four cornered ; placed betwixt the cup and the bloſſom. 47 Mad. Ο Ν Ε Ρ ΟΙ Ν Τ Α L.. 71 **** Flowers of one Petal.--Superior ; and two Berries. STARRY. 47 MADDER. Blofom bell-ſhaped. Fruit, berries. 48 GOOSEGRASS. Blosſom flat. Fruit nearly globular. | Yellow Croſs-wort. 49 WOODROOF. Bloſſom tubular. Fruit nearly glo- bular. 50 REDWORT. Bloſſom tubular. Fruit crowned. Seeds with three teeth. ***** Flowers of four Petals--beneath. + Hairy Ladys-ſmocka Gatteridge Spindle. f Wall Pellitory, ****** Flowers of four Petals --- ſuperior. 51 CORNEL. Empalement with four teeth. ; decidu- ous. Seed-veſſel pulpy, including a ſtone with two cells. ******* Flowers imperfect—beneath. 52 LADIES MANTLE. Empalement with eight clefts. Seed one, incloſed in the empalement. F4 Order 72 FOUR CHI VE S. Order II. Two Pointals. 53 TOAD GRASS. Bloſs, four petals. Empal. four leaves. Capſule with one cell; two yalves ; and two feeds. 54 DODDER. Bloſs. with four clefts; egg-ſhaped. Empal. with four clefts. Capſule with two cells ; cut round. 55 PARSLEYPIERT. Bloſs. none. Empal, with four clefts and four intermediate teeth. Seeds one or two. og . Dwarf Gentian. † Marſh Gentian. Order III. Four Pointals. 56 Holly. Bloſs. one petal, Empal. with four teeth. Borry with four feeds. 57 PEARLWORT. Bloſs. four petals. Empal. four leaves. Capſule with four cells ; Seeds many. 58 PONDWEED. Bloſs. none. Empal. four leaves. Seeds four; fitting. 59 SEACRASS. Bloſs. none. Empal, none. Seeds four; on foot-ftalks. Listie Flax. 42 TEASEL Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 73 42 TEASEL. 114 Dipſacus. Empal. Conmon Cup of many leaves containing ſeveral florets The little Leaves which form the cup, longer than the florets; flexible; permanent. Proper Cup, fuperior; ſcarcely perceptible. Bloss. General, regular. Individuals of one petal, tubu- lar. Border with four clefts ; upright. The outer Segment larger and ſharper than the reft. Chives. Threads four; hair-like; longer than the blof- ſom. Tips fixed fide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbúd beneath, Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the bloſſom. Summit fimple. S.VESS. None. SEED. Solitary; reſembling ſquare pillars ; crowned with the entire margin of the proper cup. Recep- tacle Common conical; the florets ſeparated by long chaſly leaves. TEASEL. The leaves fitting and ferrated - Awns bent back Clothiers Like books. Fullonum Dipſacus ſativus. Bauh. pin. 385. Gerard. 1167. Park. 983. Ray's Sun. 192. Manured Teaſel. 1. There is a variety in which the awns are not bent backwards; it is the dipſacus ſylveſtris, aut virga paſtoris major. Bauh. pin. 385. Dipſacus ſylveſtris. Gerard. 1167. Park. 994. Ray's Syn. 192. Hudſon. 49, Wild Teaſel. In hedges and uncultivated places. B. July. The clothiers employ the heads with crooked awns to raiſe the knap upon the woollen cloths. For this purpoſe they are fixed round the circumference of a large broad wheel, which is made to turn round, and the cloth is held againſt them. TEASEL. The leaves ſupported upon leaf-ſtalks with little smaller appendages.- Pilolus Dipſacus ſylveſtris capitulo minore. vel virga paſtoris minor, Dipíicus ininor, ſeu virga paftoris. Gerard. 1168. Ray's Syn.192. Virga paftoris. Park. 954. Small wild Teaſel. In hedges and amongſt old ruins. P. Auguſt, Bauh. pin. 385. 43 DEVILSBIT. 74 F OUR CHI VE S. 43 DEVILS BIT 115 Scabiofa. ENPAL. Common Cup of many leaves, expanding; con- taining many florets. The Leaves fit upon and ſurround the receptacle in ſeveral rows, the inner ones of which become gradually ſmaller and ſmaller. Proper Cup double; fuperior. Outer Cup fhort; membranaceous; plaited ; permanent. Inner Cup with five diviſions; the Segments bewtixt awl and hair-ſhaped. Bloss. General regular; but moſtly compoſed of irregu- lar florets. Individuals of one petal; tubular; with four or five clefts ; equal, or unequal. Cuves. Threads four; betwixt awl and hair ſhaped ; feeble. Tips oblong; fixed ſideways to the threads. Point. Seedbud beneath ; rolled in a proper ſheath, like a little cup. Shaft thread-ſhaped, as long as the bloſſom. Summit blunt; obliquely notched at the end. S.VESS. None. SEE). Solitary; oblong egg-ſhaped; rolled in a cover; variouſly crowned by the proper cup. Receptacle Common, convex beſet with chaffy leaves. Oes. The outer bloſſoms are often the largeſt and the moſt unequal. The crown of the feed varies in different ſpecies. In ſome feru inftan- ces the receptacle is naked. DEVILSBIT. The bloffoms with four nearly equal clefts. Stem fimple. Branches near together. Leaves betwixt egg and fpear-ſhaped --Proper cup four cornered ; hairy; with four fringed teeth. Crown of the feedbud adorned with four red briſtles fringed at the baſe. Bloſſoms blue. Scabiofa radiea ſucciſa, flore globoſo. Ray's Syn. 191. Succiſa glabra et hirſuta. Bauh. pin. 269. Morſus diaboli. Gerard. 726. Morſus diaboli vulgaris, flore purpureo. Park. 491. In fields and paſtures. P. June. Auguft. The dried leaves are uſed to dye wool yellow or green. It. Oel. 97. 101. It. Scan. 277. Common Succiſa DEVILS- Ο Ν Ε Ρ ΟΙ Ν Τ Α L. 75 DEVILSBIT. The blofſoms with four clefts; radiate. Stem Field covered with ſtrong hair. Leaves with winged clefts and Arvenſis jagged-Lower leaves egs-Shaped. Seed woolly; compreſſed. Crown of the feed toothed. Receptacle hairy but not chajy. Bloſſoms blue. Scabioſa pratenſis hirſuta. Bauh. pin. 269. Scabioſa major vulgaris Gerard. 719. Scabiofa vulgaris pratenſis. Park. 484. Common field ſcabious. In paſtures and cornfields. P. Auguft. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horſes and Cows are not fond of it. It is ſlightly aſtringent, bitter and ſaponaceous. DEVILSBIT. The bloſſoms with five clefts; radiate. Feathered Root leaves egg-ſhaped, ſcollopped. Stem leaves briſtly; wing- Columbaria ed-Bloſſoms pale blue, convex in the center. Seed crowned by five feathers as long as the bloſſom. Scabioſa capitulo globoſo major et minor. Bauh. pin. 270. Scabioſa minor campeftris. Park. 487. Scabioſa minor five columbaria. Gerard. 719. Leffer Field Scabious. In dry hilly paſtures. P. June. July. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. The Heath Fritillary, Papilio Maturna finds its nouriſhment in all the ſpecies of Devilſbit. 44 CHAFFWEED. 145 Centunculus. EMPAL. Cup with four diviſions ; expanding: permanent, the Segments ſharp, ſpear-ſhaped; longer than the bloflom. Bloss. One petal; wheel ſhaped. Tube fomewhat glo- bular. Border flat, with four diviſions; the Segments nearly egg-ſhaped. Chives. Threads four; nearly as long as the bloſſom. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud roundiſh; within the tube of the bloſſom. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the bloſſom: perma- nent. Summit ſimple. S. VESs. Capſule globular; of one cell; cut round. SEEDS. Several; roundiſh; very linall. CHAFFWEED. As there is only one fpecies known Linnæus Pimpernel gives no deſcription of it.-Bloſſoms minute; white; at the baſe Minimus of the leaves. Centunculus. Ray's Syn. I. Baſtard Pimpernel. In moiſt ſandy ground. A. June. 45 PLANTAIN 76 F OUR CHI VE S. 1) Great Major 45 PLANTAIN. 142 Plantago. Empal. Cup with four diviſions; ſhort; upright; per- manent. Bloss. One petal, permanent: thrivelling. Tube cylin- drical but ſomewhat globular. Border with four diviſions ; depreſſed. Segments eg g-ſhaped, ſharp. Chives. Threads four; hair-like; upright; exceedingly long. Tips rather long; compreſſed; fixed fideways to the threads. Point. Seedbud egg-haped. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; longer than the bloftom. Summit fimple. S. Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; with two cells; cut round. Partition looſe. SEEDS. Several oblong. Oes. The empalement in ſome species is equal; in others unequal. In the graſs-leaved Plantain the chives and pointals are in ſeparate Aowers. PLANTAIN with ſmooth egg-ſhaped, leaves. Stalk cylin, drical; ſpike tiled with florets--- Plantago latifolia vulgaris. Park. 493. Plantago latifolia. Gerard. 419. finuata. Bauh. pin. 189. Way-bread. Near roads and foot-paths, common. A. June. July. Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Cows and Horſes refuſe it. The common people apply the green leaves to cuts. PLANTAIN. The leaves betwixt fpear and egg-ſhaped ; dowoy. Spike and ſtalk cylindrical--- Leaves not toothed. Cups mooth. Threads purpliſh.' Blofſoms white. Plantago major incana. Park. 493. Ray's Syn. 314. Plantago incana. Gerard. 419. Plantago latifolia incana. Bauh. pin. 189. Gravelly foil and road fides. P. July Auguft. Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Cows and Horſes refuſe it. PLANTAIN with ſpear-ſhaped leaves. Spike ſomewhat egg-ſhaped, naked. Stalks angular---The Root abfcars as if bit- ten off. Tips white. Five ribs on cach leaf. Cup unequal. Floral leaf green, and woolly on the under ſurface. Plantago anguſtifolia major. Pauh.pin. 189. Plantago quinquenervia. Gerard. 422. major. Park. 495. In paſtures, very common. P. June. July. Hories, Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows refuſe it. Hoary Media Ribwort Lauceolata PLANTAIN ONE POINT A L. 77 PLANTAIN with very entire ſemi-cylindrical leaves; woolly Marine at the baſe. Stalk cylindrical.--- Tips yellow. Maritima Coronopus. Gerard. 425. maritima major. Bauh. pin. 190. Narrow-leaved Plantain. On the ſea coaſt. P. June. July. Mr. Pennant in the Britiſh Zool. vol. 1. p. 13, ſays it is cul- tivated and fown with clover in North Wales, and that it is greedily eaten by Horſes and Cows; but Linnæus ſays that Sheep and Goats eat it but Cows are not fond of it. PLANTAIN with ſtrap-ſhaped, toothed leaves; and cyliu- Buckſhorn drical ſtalks-Spike pendant before it flowers. Leaves lying upon Coronopus the ground in form of a ſtar. Plantago foliis laciniatis, coronopus dieta. Ray's Syn. 315. Coronopus vulgaris, five cornu cervinum. Park, 502. Coronopus ſylveſtris hirſutior. Bauh. pin. 190. Cornu cervinum. Gerard. 427. 1. There is a variety which is ſmaller, viz. Plantago gramineo folio hirſuto minor, capitulo rotundo brevi. Ray's Syn. 316. Star of the earth. In gravelly foil. A. July. Auguft. This was formerly in repute as an antidote againſt the bite of a mad dog, but it is now partly fallen into diſuſe. Sheep and Goats eat it. PLANTAIN with ſtrap-ſhaped leaves, a little toothed; Sea ſtalk cylindrical ; ſpike egy-ſhaped, floral leaves membranaceous; Læfingii keel-ſhaped-It is a ſmaller and an earlier plant than the preceding Species. Flowering ſtalk hairy. Plantago marina. Gerard. 423. Rays Syn. 315. vulgaris, Park. 498. In falt marſhes. P. July. PLANTAIN with awl-ſhaped leaves; and a ſtalk ſupporting Graſs-leaved only one flower --The flower ſupported upon a tall fruit-ſtalk is barren. Uniflora The fertile flower is ſituated at the root and ſends out a ſhaft as long as the fialk of the other floruer. Plantago paluſtris gramines folio, monanthos pariſienſis. Ra's Syn. 316. In marſhes and wet ſandy places. P. July. The plantain fritillary, Papilio Cinxia, and Wool Tyger Moth, Phalæenca Plantaginis, feed upon the different ſpecies of Plantain. a 46 BURNET 78 F OUR CHI VE S. 46 BURNET. 146 Sanguiſorba. Empal. Cup two leaves, little Leaves oppoſite, very ſhort; fhedding. Bloss. One petal; wheel-ſhaped; with four diviſions. Segments blunt egg-ſhaped; united by the claws. Cuves. Threads four; broadeft in the upper part ; as long as the bloſſom. Tips ſmall; roundiſh. Point. Seedbud four cornered; ſituated betwixt the cup and the bloffom. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; very ſhort. Summit blunt. S. VESS. Capſule ſmall; with two cells. SEEDS. Small. Common Officinalis 3 a BURNET with egg-ſhaped ſpikes.-Stem cylindrical, ſcored, Smooth. Leaves zwinged; ſmooth ; alternaten Spikes brown. Sanguiſorba major, flore fpadiceo. Raa's Syn. 203. Pimpinella fanguiſorba major. Bauh. pin. 160. Pimpinella major vulgaris. Park. 582. Pimpinella ſylveſtris. Gerard. 1045. 1. There is a variety which is finaller. In moiſt paſtures. The variety in high ground. P. June. July. The root ſtands recommended againſt the bite of a mad dog, but without any great foundation. The whole plant is aſtringent. The green leaves are ſometimes put into wine, to give it a grateful flavour; and the very young ſhoots are agreeable in fale lads; but its principal uſe is as food for cattle early in the ſpring, and it grows ſo luxuriantly as to allow of three mowings in one ſuminer. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. 47 MADDER. 127 Rubia. a Empal. Cup with four teeth ; very ſmall ; fuperior. Bloss. One petal; bell-ſhaped ; with four diviſions ; without a tube. Chives. Threads four ; awl-ſhaped ; ſhorter than the ; bloſſom. Tips ſimple. Point. Scedbud beneath; double. Shaft thread-fhaped ; cloven at the top. Summits nearly globular. S. VESS. Two ſmooth Berrjes, united. SEED. Solitary ; roundiſh ; with a hollow dot. Obs. The blojom bath fometimes five diviſions and five chives. MADDER ONE POINT A L. 79 MADDER with oval, perennial leaves; fmooth on the Wild upper ſurface-four at each joint of the ſtem. Bloſſom on the tops Perugrioa of the branches ; yellow. Rubia anglica. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 54. Rubia ſylveſtris. Park. 274. Upon St. Vincent's Rock near Briſtol, and in hedges in Devonſhire. P. July. Auguſt. 48 GOOSEGRASS. 125 Galium. 3 Empal. Cup very ſmall; with four teeth; fuperior. Bloss. One petal; wheel ſhaped; with four ſharp ſeg- ments, without any tube. CHIVES. Threads four; awl-Shaped ; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud beneath ; double. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; cloven half way down: as long as the Chives. Sum- mits globular. S. Vess. Two dry globular Berries, united. SEED. Solitary ; large; kidney-ſhaped. OBs. In ſeveral ſpecies the feeds grow two together and one roundiſh. * Fruit ſmooth. GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing by fours ; inverſely Write egg ſhaped ; unequal. Stems ſpreading--Bloſſoms numerous ; Paluſtre terminating ; white. Gallium paluſtre album. Bauh. pin. 335. Galliuin album. Gerard. I126. Molluginis vulgatiores varietas minor. Park. 565. Ray's Syn. 224. White Ladies Bed-ſtraw. Cows, Sheep and Horſes eat it. Goats and Swine refuſe it. GOOSEGRASS. The leaves generally growing by fours ; Mountain ſtrap-ſhaped; ſmooth. Stem rough, feeble ; feeds ſmooth--- Montanum Siem laves growing by fives, reflected. Branch leaves growing by fours. Flowers in broad-topped ſpikes, cloven into three parts; white; but purple before they unfold themſelves. Tips brorun. Mollugo montana minor gallio albo fimilis. Ray's Syn. 224. Mountain Ladies Bed-ſtrai. Upon Hilis. P. July. GOOSE. . 80 F OUR CHI VE S. Marſh GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing by fixes ; ſpear-ſhaped, Uliginoſum inverſely ſerrated with inflexible ſharp pointed prickles. Blof- ſom larger than the fruit--white. Aparine paluſtris minor, pariſienſis, flore albo. Ray's Syn. 225. On heathy marſhes and wet paſtures. P. July. Auguft. Horſes, Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Smoothfeeded GOOSEGRASS. I he leaves ſpear-ſhaped ; growing by Spurium fixes ; a little keel-Shaped on the back; rough, beſet with prickles pointing backwards. Stems fimple, with crooked joints ; fruit ſmooth ---Bloſſoms white. A parine feinine læviore. Ray's Syn. 225. Aparine lævis. Park 567. Little Pufillum Yellow Verum - GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing by eights; rough with ſtrong hairs, ſtrap-ſhaped, tapering at the end, fome- what riled. Fruit ſtalks forked-Stems numerous, angular. Leaves fix or eight in a whorl, narrow, ſharp ; rough with expanding bairs on all fides, and ſo is the ſtem. Branches fow, alternate. Flowers terminating ; forming a very looſe paniele upon doubly forked fruit fialks. Bloſſoms white. Rubeola faxatilis. Bauh. pin. 334. Leaſt Ladies Bed ſtraw. In mountains in Weſtmoreland. P. Auguſt. GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing by eights ; ſtrap- ſhaped ; furrowed. The flowering branches ſhort.-Blolioms yellow. The Tips after Modding the duſt become brown ; not only in this but in other ſpecies. Gallium luteum. Bauh. pin. 335. Gerard. 1126. Park. 564. Ray's Syn. 224. Yellow Ladies Bed-Straw, or Cheeſe-renning: or Petty- muguet. In dry ground and road-fides. P. July. Auguft. The flowers will coagulate boiling milk; and the beſt Che- fire-cheeſe is ſaid to be prepared with them. According to an experiment of Borrchius, they yield an acid by diſtillation, The French preſcribe them in Hyſteric and Epileptic caſes.-- Boiled in alum-water they tinge wool yellow.--The roots dye a very fine red, not inferior to madder, and are uſed for this purpoſe in the iſland of Jura. Pennant's Tour. 1772. p. 214. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it. Cows are not fond of it. GOOSEGRASS, ONE POINT A L. 81 GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing by eights; betwixt Madder egy and ſtrap-ſhaped, expanding; fomewhat ferrated, and ſharp Mollugo pointed. Stem limber, branches expanding-Bloſſoms yellowila white, numerous. Mollugo vulgatior. Park. 565. Ray's Syn. 223- Rubia fylveftris lævis. Bauh. pin. 339. Rubia fylveftris. Gerard, 1118. Wild Madder. 'Great Baſtard Madder. Hedges, heaths, frequent, P. June. July. a ** Fruit rough with firong hairs. GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing by fours; ſpear-ſhaped ; Croſs-wort ſmooth; three fibred. Stem upright-ſmooth. Bloſſoms white. Boreale Seedbud covered with a white woolly ſubſtance. Mollugo montana erecta quadrifolia. Ray's Sin. 224. Rubia pratenfis lævis, acuto folio. Bauh. pin. 333. Croſs-wort Madder. On the hills in Yorkſhire and Weſtmoreland. P. Juse. Aug. The roots afford a red dye for woollen cloths. Flor. Lappon. 60. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Swine refuſe it, GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing by eights; keel- Cleavers ſhaped upon the back; rough; ſpear-ſhaped ; let with prickles Aparine pointing backwards. Joints woolly. -Stem four cornered, Leaves eight or ten in a whorl. Branches oppoſite. Bloſſoms subite, on Render fruit.ftalks ; not numerous. Aparine vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 334. Park. 567. Aparine. Gerard. 1122. Ray's Sya. 225. Catchweed. In hedges, frequent. A. May, Auguft. The branches are fometimes uſed inſtead of a foi to ſtrain milk. Young geeſe are very fond of them. The ſeeds may be uſed inſtead of coffee. The plant is eaten by Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats. Swine refule it. GOOSEGRASS. The leaves growing in whorls ; ftrap- Small ſhaped; each fruit-ſtalk ſupporting two flowers.—Stems feeble ; Parifienfe four cornered, rough when ſtroked upwards. Seven leaves in each chorl, Jharp pointed; particularly rough at the edges. Flowering branches oppoſite, fort. Fruit-ſtalks naked; with two or three fmad yellow flowers upon each. A parine minima. Ray's Syn. 225. Tab.9. fig. 1. Leaſt Goofe graſs. On walls and in moiſt barren places. P. July. The large Bee-moth, Sphinx ſtellatarum and the Spurge Moth, Spinx Euphorbiæ, feed upon the different ſpecies of Gooſe-grals. G 49 WOOD - 82 F OUR CHI VE S. 49 WOODROOF. 121 Aſperula. EMPAL. Cups fmall; with four teeth ; ſuperior. Bloss. One petal, funnel-ſhaped. Tube long; cylindri. ; . cal. Border with four diviſions ; the ſegments ob- long, blunt, reflected. Chives. Threads four ; fituated at the top of the tube. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud beneath : double; roundiſh. Shaft thread ſhaped ; cloven at the top. Summits knobbed. S. Vess. Two dry globular Berries adhering together. SEED. Solitary; roundiſh ; large. WOODROOF. The leaves growing by eights ; fpear- ſhaped. Flowers in bundles, on fruit-ſtalks.-Bloſſoms white, odoriferous. Aſperula. Gerard. 1224. Ray's Syn. 224. odorata Park. 563. Afperula, feu rubeola montana odorata. Bauh. pin. 334. In woods and ſhady places. P. May. The ſmell of it is ſaid to drive away Ticks, and other inſects. Iter Oeland. 60. Weſtrogoth. 33. - It gives a grateful flavour to wine. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. 3 Sweet Odorata - Squinancy Cynanchica WOODROOF. The leaves growing by fours; ſtrap-ſhaped. The upper leaves oppoſite. Stem upright. Bloſſoms with four divifions. -Stem rough ; Seedbuds red. Bloſſoins a little wrinkled and rough on the outer part; reddiſh, or white. Rubeola vulgaris quadrifolia lævis, floribus purpurantibus. Ray's Syn. 225 Rubia cynanchica. Bauh. pin. 333. Synanchica. Gerard. 11 20. Alperula repens gefneri, ſeu ſaxifraga altera cæſalpini. Park. 453 Squinancy Wort. On chalky hills. P. July, The roots are uſed in Sweden to dye red. RFD Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 83 50 RED WORT. 120 Sherardia. Empal. Cup ſmall; with four teeth ; fuperior; permanent. Bloss. One petal; funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical, long. Border with four diviſions. The Segments flat and ſharp Cuves. Threads four; ſituated at the top of the tube. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud beneath: double; oblong. Shaft thread- ſhaped ; cloven at the top. Summits nearly globular. S. Vess. None. Fruit oblong; crowned ; feparable length-ways into two feeds. SEEDS. Two; oblong ; convex on one ſide ; flat on the 650 other; with three ſharp points at one end. REDWORT with the leaves all growing in whorls, and the Wild flowers terminating.-- Bloſoms blue. Arvenfis Rubeola arvenfis repens cærulea. Bauh. pin. 334. Ray's Syn. 225 Rubeola minor pratenſis cærulea. Park. 276. Little Field Madder. In corn-fields. A. May. June. Goats are extremely fond of it. Horſes eat it, Sheep are in- different to it. 51 CORNEL. 149 Cornus. Empal. Fence generally of four leaves ; including ſeveral florets. Leaves egg-ſhaped ; coloured ; deciduous; two, oppoſite, ſmaller. Cup very ſmall, with four teeth ; fuperior; ſhedding. Bloss. Petals four; oblong; ſharp; fiat; ſmaller than the fence. Cuives. Threads four; awl-ſhaped ; upright; longer than the bloſſom. Tips roundiſh ; fixed ſide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud beneath: roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the bloſſom. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pulpy; including a nut or ſtone; nearly glo- bular, and dimpled. Seed. A heart-ſhaped, or oblong nut; with two cells. G 2 CORNEL SH FOUR CH I V E S. Dogberry Sanguinea CORNEL. A tree, with ſtraight branches, and flowers in naked tufts. -- Leaves oppofte, ogs-ſhaped, very entire. Seed-veſel crowned by the shaft and the cut. Branches of a redelijh colour. Bloſſoms white. Corpus fæmina. Banh. pin. 447. Gerarel. 1467. Park. 1521. Ray's Syn. 460. Female Cornel. Dogberry-tree. Gatter tree. Prick-wood. 1. There is a variety with variegated leaves. In woods and hedges. S. June. The wood is very hard and fmocth, fit for the purpoſes of the turner. The berries are bitter and ityptic: they dye purple, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine and Cows refuſe it. CORNEL. Herbaceous; with two branches.-Bloljom white, placed betruist the branches. Fruit red. Cornus herbacea. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 58. Chamæpericlymenum. Park. 1461. Gerard. 1296. Ray's Syna 251. Periclymenum humile. Bauh. pin. 302. Dwart Honeyſuckle. Ou hills in the north. P. June. The pulpy berries which have a ſweet and not unpleaſant fla- vour, are acceptable to children. --- Horſes, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Cows refuſe it. Dwarf Succica a Coro 52 LADIES-MANTLE. 165 Alchemilla. EMPAL. Cup of one leaf; tubular; permanent. Rim flat, with eight diviſions : every other Segment ſmaller. : Bloss. None. Curves. Threads four; awl-ſhaped; upright; ſmall; landing on the rim of the einpalement. Tips roun- dilh, POINT. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives ; ftanding on the baſe of the feedbud. Summit globular. S. Vess. None. The neck of the empalement cloſes up- on the feed. Seed. Solitary ; oval; compreſſed, LADIES. ONE POINT A L. 85 LADIES-MANTLE. The leaves gaſhed-laited like a fan ; Common pale groen ; hairy; on long leaf-ftalks. Bloſſoms yellowiſh green. Vulgaris Alchemilla. Gerard. 949. Ray's Syn. 158. vulgaris. Laab. pin. 319. Alchemilla major vulgaris. 538. 1. Empalement white. In meadows, frequent. P. June. Avguſt. The whole plant is aſtringent. In the province of Smolandia in Guthland they make a tincture of the leaves, and give it in ſpaſmodic or convulſive diſeaſes. Horſes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine refuie it. Cows are not fond of it, - LADIES-MANTLE. The leaves fingered and ſerrated. - Cinquefoil Leaves cloven into ſeven little leaves, only fèrrated at the ends, and Alpina of a ſhining white on the under ſurface. Blofſoms greeniſha Alchemilla alpina pentaphyllos. Ray's Syn. 158. Pentaphyllun petroſum, hepraphyllun clufii. Gerard. 988. Tormentilla alpina folio fericeo. Bauh. pin. 326. Turmentilla argentea. Park. 393, 1. There is a variety, viz. the Alchemilla ininor, Hudſon's Bafiard Flor. Anglic. 59, which is probably the product of this ſpecies Hybrida impregnated by the duſt of the firſt ſpecies. The leaves are gained, plaited; ſharply ſerrated and filky, Leaſt Ladies-inantle. On mountains in the north. P. July, Goats and Cows eat it, Horſes, Sheep and Swine refuſe it, Order II. Two Pointals. 53 TO ADGRASS, 168 Bufonia. Eural. Cup of four awl-ſhaped leaves, keel-liaped on the back with membranaceous edges; upright and permanent. Bloss. Petals four; oval ; upright; equal; notched at the ends ; ſhorter than the empalement. Chives. Threads four ; equal ; as long as the feedbud. Tips double. Point. Seedbud egg-Maped ; compreſſed. Shafts two ; as long as the chives. Summits ſimple. S. Vess. Capſule oval ; compreſſed; of one cell, and two valves. Seeds. Two; oval, compreſſed; but marked with a little protuberance. Concave on one ſide. Obs. It hath generally four chives; ſometimes only two; rarely 3 three. G3 TOAD 86 FOUR CHI V E S. Chickweed Tenuifolia TOADGRASS. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus gives no deſcription of it. -Stem cylindrical, upright, jointed. Branches alternate. Leaves two at each joint of the ſtem. Bloſſoms at the baſe of the leaves; white. Alfinoides. Ray's Syn. 346. Baſtard Chickweed, On Hounſlow Heath. On the fea-coaſt near Boſton in Line colnſhire. P. May, vis - Common Europea 54 DODDER. 170 170 Cuſcuta. EMPAL: Cup of one leaf; ſhaped like a drinking glaſs; divided halfway down into four Segments, which are blunt, and fleſhy at the baſe. Bloss: One petal; egg-ſhaped; a little longer than the empalement. The Rim with four clefts; the Seg- ments blunt. Cuves. Threads four; awl-ſhaped; as long as the em- palement. Tips roundiſh. Point: Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two; upright; ſhort. Summits fimple. S. Vess: Roundiſh; fleſhy; with two cells cut round. SEEDS. Two. Obs. Sometimes the empalement and bloſſom are divided into five Segments and then there are five chives. 499 DODDER. The flowers fitting. This is a very fingular plant, almoſt deſtitute of leaves; paraſtical; creeping; fixing itſelf to what- ever is next to it; it decays at the root and afterwards is nouriſhed by the plant which fupports it. Hops, flax, and nettles, are its moſt common ſupport; but principally the common nettle. Bloſſoms white. Cuſcuta major. Bauh. pin. 219. Ray's Syn. 281. Caflutha. Gerard. 577. Park, 10. Hellweed. Devil's Guts. In cornfields and heaths, very common. A. July. As ſoon as the ſhoots have twined about an adjoining plant, they ſend out from their inner ſurface a number of little veſicles or papillæ, which attach themſelves to the bark, or rind of the plant. By degrees, the longitudinal veſſels of the ſtalk, which appear to have accompanied the veficles, ſhoot forth from their extremities, and make their way into the foſter plant, by dividing the veſſels and infinuating themſelves into the tendereſt part of the ſtalk; and ſo intimately are they united with it, that it is eaſier to break than to diſengage them from it. The whole plant is bitter. It affords a pale reddiſh colour. Cows, Sheep and Swine eat it. Horſes refuſe it, Goats are not fond it. 55 PARSLEY. a TWO POINT AL S. 87 · 55 PARSLEYPIERT. 166 Aphanes. Empal: Cup of one leaf; tubular; permanent. Rim flat; with four diviſions, and a little tooth betwixt each diviſion. BLOSS: None. Chives. Threads four; upright; awl-ſhaped; very ſmall; ſtanding upon the the rim of the empalement. Tips large; oblong Point: Seedbud double; egg-ſhaped. Shafts thread-fhap- ed; as long as the Chives ; growing from the baſe of the feedbud. Summits ſomewhat globular. S. Vess: None; the Rim of the empalement cloſing, con- fines the ſeeds. Seeds. One or two; egg.ſhaped ; tapering; compreſſed, as long as the ſhafts. Obs. This genus is nearly allied to the Ladies-mantle. In ſome ſpe- cimens only one chive and one pointal are to be found; and when that is the caſe, there is only one ſeed. PARSLEYPIERT. As there is only one ſpecies known Lin- Common næus gives no defcription of it.-- The Stems trailing and leafy. Arvenſis Leaves divided into three lobes ; jagged. Bloſſoms ſmall; greeniſh white, Percepier Anglorum. Gerard. 1594. Ray's Syn. 159. Polygonum felinoides. Park, 449. Chærophyllo non nihil fimilis. Bauh. pin. 152. In cornfields and dry gravelly foils, common. A. May, G4 58 HOLLY. 88 FOUR CHI VE S. Order III. Four Pointals. 56 HOLLY. 172 llex. Empal: Cup with four teeth : very fmall: permanent. Bloss: One petal; flat; with four diviſions. Segments roundiſh, concave, expanding, rather large; connec- ted together by the claws. Chives. Threads four; awl-Shaped; fhorter than the . ; bloſſom. Tips ſmall. Point: Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts none. Sunmits four; blunt S Vess: A roundiſh Berry, with four cells. SEEDS. Solitary; hard as bone; oblong; blunt; hunch- ed on one ſide, angular on the other. Obs. Great variations take place in the flowers of the Holly ; Some- times the chives and pointals are found on diſtinct flants; fome- times on the ſame plant, but in different flowers; ſometimes again the flowers have five chives, and frequently the diſpoſition of the chives and pointals is ſuch that it claims a place in the ſecond Order of the tiventy-third Claſs. Tec HOLLY with egg-ſhaped leaves, beſet with ſharp thorns.- Aquifolium Blofoms ſmall; whith. Berries red l'ex aculeata baccifera. Fauh. pin. 425. Agrifolium. Gerard. 1338. five aquifolium. Pek. 1486, Ray's Syn. 466. In woods, hedges and heaths. S. April. All the varieties which gardiners reckon to the amount of forty or fifty, are derived from this one ſpecies, and depend upon the variegations of the leaves or thorns, and the colours of the berries. Sheep are fed in the winter with the croppings. Pennant's Tour. 1772. p. 32. Birds eat the berries. The buik fermented and afterwards waſhed from the woody fibres makes the common Birdlime. It makes an impenetrable fence, and bears cropping; nor is its verdure or the beauty of its ſcarlet berries ever obſerved to ſuffer from the fevereit of our winters, The wood is uſed in fineering, and is ſometimes ſtained black, to imitate Ebony, Handles for knives, and cogs for mill-wheels are made of it. 57 PEARL FOUR POINT A LS, 89 Leaves egs- 57 PEARLWORT. 175 Sagina. BLOSS: Cnp with four leaves, permanent. ſhaped; concave; greatly expanded. Bloss: Petals four ; egg ſhaped; blunt; expanding ; ſhorter than the empalement. CHIVES. Threads four; hair-like. Tips roundiſh. Point: Seedbud ſomewhat globular. Shafts four; awl- ſhaped; bent backward; downy. Summits ſimple. S. VESS: Capſule egg-ſhaped; ſtraight; with four cells, and four valves. SEEDS. Numerous; ſmall; fixed to the receptacle. Obs. In the Chickweed Pearlwort the capſule hath only one call, and the cup ſometimes conſiſts of five leaves. PEARLWORT with trailing branches.---Bloſſoms greeniſh Chickweed white. The petals are not always to be found; but the four valves of Procumbens the ca'ſule after it opens have very much the appearance of petals. Alfinella muſcolo flore repens. Ray's Syn. 345. Saxifraga anglicana alfine folio. Gerard. 568. Caryophyllus minimus muſcofus noftras. Park. 1340. 1. There is a variety noticed by Plot in his Natural Hiſtory of Oxfordſhire, tab. 9. fig. 7. and 2. Ray mentions another variety with ſhorter, thicker and more ſucculent leaves. Ray's Syn. 345. Chickweed Breakſtone. Mofs-like Pink. On walls; roofs and dry fandy places, common. A. June. PEARLWORT. The ſtem upright ; generally with only one Upright flower. Leaves betwixt ſtrap and ſpear-ſhaped-Sitting ; finooth. Eresia Bloſſom white. Leaves of ihe cup fear-shaped tapering to a point. Allinella foliis caryophylleis. Ray's Syn. 344. tab. 15.113. 4. Leit Suitchwort. In gravelly paſtures. A. April. May. 59 PONDWEED. go FOUR CHI VE S. 1.1 НИС 58 PONDWEED. 174 Potamogeton.. EMPAL: None. 01516101 Bloss: Petals four; nearly circular; blunt; concave; upright: furniſhed with a little claw; deciduous. Chives. Threads four; flat; blunt; very ſhort. Täps double ; ſhort, 1971 Point: Seedbuds four; egg-ſhaped ; tapering. Shafts Summits blunt. S. VESS: None. SEEDS. Four; roundiſh, tapering; hunched on one fide, compreſſed on the other, and angular. none. Broadleaved Natans Perforated Perfoliatuur PONDWEED. The leaves oblong egg-ſhaped, on leaf-ſtalks; floating - Leaf-ſtalks for the moſt part longer than the leaves. Blor- foms in ſpikes, yellowiſh. Poiainogiton rotundifoliun. Pauh. pin. 193. Ray's S; n. 148. Potamogiton latifolium. Gera: d. 821. Fontalis major latifolia vulgaris. Fark. 1254. In ponds and rivers, common. P. Auguft. The leaves floating upon the ſurface of the water afford an agreeable ſhade to fiń. This plant is the habitation and food of the Pondweed Moth, Phalana potamogeton. PONDWEED. The leaves heart-ſhaped, embracing the ſtem-Moſtly alternate, but at the diviſions of the floruering branches oppoſite. Bloſſoms yellowiſh. Potamogiton perfoliatum. Ray's Syn. 149. Potamogiton foliis latis ſplendentibus. Eauh. pin. 193. Potamogiton 3 dodonæi. Gerard. $22. Perfoliated Pondweed. In rivers and ponds, frequent. P. June. July. Goats and Cows ear it. Horſes, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. PONDWEED. The leaves flat and ſpear-ſhaped; ending at the baſe in leaf-ſtalks--Surface covered with a network of pellucid, veins. Bloſſoms in a reddiſh Spike. Potamogiton aquis immerfum folio pellucido, lato, oblongo, acuto. Ray's Syn. 148. Potamogiton foliis anguftis fplendentibus. Bauh. pin. 193. Potamogiton longis acutis foliis. Gerard. 822. Rivers and ponds. P. June. Longleaved Lucens POND. FOUR POINT A L S. 91 PONDWEED. The leaves alternate; ſpear-ſhaped ; ferrated Caltrop and waved at the edge--Bloſſoms on fruit-ſtalks ; white, or Criſpum reddiſh. Potamogiton, ſeu fontinalis criſpa. Ray's Syn. 149. Potamogiton foliis criſpis, feu lactuca ranarum. Bauh. pin.193. Tribulus aquaticus minor quercus floribus. Gerard. 824. Tribulus aquaticus minor prior. Park. 1248. Greater water caltrops. 1. In ponds and flow rivers, very common. P. May. June. PONDWEED. The leaves oppoſite; fpear-ſhaped; a little Serrated waved at the edges-Bloſſoms greeniſh yellow on fruit-ſtalks. Is Serratum not this a variety only of the former? Potamogiton feu fontalis media lucens. Ray's Syn. 149. Potamogiton longo ferrato folio. Pauh. pin. 193 Tribulus aquaticus minor, moſcatellæ floribus. Gerard. 823. Tribulus aquaticus minor alter. Park. 1248. 1. There is a variety with a ſtrap-ſhaped leaf. Ray's Syn. 148. Leffer water caltrops, or frogs lettuce. In flow rivers. P. June. PONDWEED. The leaves ſtrap-ſhaped; blunt; ftem com- Branched preſſed-Bloſſoms greeniſh ; on ſhort ſpikes. Compretium Potamnogiton caule compreſſo, folio graminis canini. Ray's Syn. 149. Small branched Pondweed with a flat ſtalk. In rivers. P. June. July. PONDWEED. The leaves like briſtles; parallel; Nanding Fennel-leaved near together, and pointing from two oppoſite lines---Bloſſoms Peĉtinatum swhitiſh; Tips yellow. Potamogiton millefolium, feu foliis gramineis ramoſum. Ray's Syn. 150. Potamogiton gramineum ramoſuin. Bauh. pin. 193. Millefolium tenuifolium. Gerard. 328. In rivers and ponds. P. June. PONDWEED. The leaves betwixt ſtrap and ſpear-ſhaped; Graſs-leaved alternate ; fitting; broader than the props.- Gramineum Potamogiton gramineum latiuſcului, foliis et ramificationi- bus denſe ſtipatis. Ray's Syn. 149. Tab. 4. Fig. 3. In ditches. P. POND- 92 FOUR CHI VE S. Marine Marinum TONDWEED. The leaves ſtrap-ſhaped ; alternate; diſtinet; the baſe fheathing the ſtem ---The props are not diſtinct in this as in the other fpecies, but the leaves are fixed to them. Potamogiton maritimum ramofiflimum, grandiuſculis capitulis, capillaceo folio noitras. Ray's Syn. 150. Sea Pondwecd. In falt water ditches. P. Auguft. PONDWEED. The leaves ftrap-ſhaped; oppoſite and alter- nate; expanding at the baſe. Stem cylindrical. - Potamogiton pufiilum, gramineo folio, caule tereti. Ray's Syn. 150. Potamogiton minimum capillaceo folio. Bauh. fin. 193. Small graſs-leaved Pondweeti. Pools and citches. P. June. Auguft. Small PuGllum 59 SEAGRASS. 175 Ruppia. ENPAL: Shenth, hardly any but what is formed by the baſe of the leaves. Sheathed fruit-ſtalk, awl ſhaped ; undivided; iiraight: but becoming crooked when the fruit ripens. Belet with flowers which point in two oppoſite direâions. Cup none. BLOSS: None. CHIVES: Threads none. T'ips four; fitting ; equal ; fomewhat roundiſh; rather double. Point : Seedbuds four or five ; fomen hat eggſhaped ; approaching. Shafts none. Summits blunt. S. VESS: None. The ſeeds are ſupported upon little foot-ftalks, thread-ſhaped, and as long as the fruit. Serns. Four or five ; egg-ſhaped ; oblique ; terminated by a flat circular fummit, Longleaved Maritima SEAGRASS. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus gives no deſcription of it--- Stem individed. Leaves alternate. Flowers on fruit-fialks. Grainen maritimum fluitans cornutum. Ecuh. pin. 3. Pot:mogiton maritimum gramineis longioribus foliis, fructu fere umbellato. Rar's Syn. 134. Fucus folliculaceus, funiculi folio longiore: Pauh. pin. 365. In falt water ditches. P. Auguſt, The CLASS V. TI HE Grít diviſion of the firft Order of this claſs, in- cludes the plants with Roucu LEAVES; which admit of the following natural charader. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; with five clefts, or five diviſions : permanent BLOSS. One petal; with five clefts. CHIVES. Threats five, fixed to the tube of the bloflon. POINT. Seedbuds four. Shaft ſingle; thread-Maped. Summit blunt. S. VESS. None. Seeds. Four; incloſed by the cup. Oes. Leaves rough and hairy; without leaf-ſtalks. As there is no feed-veſſel, the cup does not fall of but remains after ile bingom decays, and contains the feeds. a In the fecond diviſion of this order, thoſe plants which bear berries and have a bloſſom compoſed of one petal, are generally poiſonous. The third diviſion of the SECOND ORDER confifts of plants wbole flowers are diſpoſed in RUNDLES ; or the Uinbelliferous plants of many authors. They admit of the following natural character. Rundle compoſed of ſeveral Rundlets. Fence, general, incloſing the whole rundle, or partial, incloſing only the rundiets, EMPAL. 94 THREE CHI VE S. EMPAL. Cup hardly diſcernible. Bloss. Five petals ; ftanding on the ſcedbud ; fhed- ding. Petals generally heart-ſhaped and bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; Simple, hair-like. Tips fimple, or roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two ; generally diftant. Summits fimple. S. VESS. None. SEEDS. Two; ſcored : convex on one ſide, flat on the other. Obs. Stems hollow, or pithy. Leaves alternate. In dry ſituations theſe plants are aromatic and carminative: in moiſt ones, often poiſonous. The greateſt virtues are con- tained in the ſeeds and roots. Many of them are employed in our kitchens, as the roots of CARROT and PARSNEP; the leaves of CELERY, and the feeds of CORIANDER. CLASS ( 95 ) ( 95 yrne CL C LA S SV. FIVE CHIVES S. ORDER I. ONE POINTAL. * Flawers of one petal: beneath. Seeds four; naked. Rough LEAVES. 60 VIPERGRASS. Blol. mouthnaked; irregular; bell- ſhaped. 61 LUNGWORT. B'off. mouth naked; funnel ſhaped. Cup priſm-Maped. 62 GROMWELL. Blof. mouth naked; funnel-ſhaped. Cup with five diviſions. 63 COMFREY Blof mouth toothed; diftended. 64 BORRAGE. Blol. mouth toothed; wheel-ſhaped. 63 BUGLOSS. Bloff. mouth vaulted ; funnel-ſhaped. Tube crooked. 66 MADWORT. Bloj. mouth vaulted ; funnel ſhaped; Fruit compreffed. 67 HOUNDSTONGUE. Blol. mouth vaulted; funnel ſhap- ed. Seeds depreſſed and fixed to the ſide of the ſhaft. 68 ALKANET. Bloff. mouth vaulted; funnel-ſhaped. Tuhe prifm-ſhaped at the baſe. 69 SCORPIONGRASS, Bloff mouth vaulted; ſalver-ſhaped: Segments notched at the end. ** Flowers of one petal: beneath. Seeds in a veſſel. 70 PIMPERNEL. Capſule of one cell: cut round. Blol. wheel-Ihaped. Summit a knob. 71 LOOSESTRIFE. Cal. of one cell and ten valves. Bloj. wheel-ſhaped. Summit blunt. a 72 Primroſe 96 FI VE CHI VE S. 72 PRIMROSE. Caf. of one cell. Bloff. funnel-ſhap- ed: mouth open. Summit globular. 73 FEATHERFOIL. Capf. of one cell. Blof: the tube be- neath the chives ! Summit globular. 74 BUCKBEAN. Capf. of one cell. Bloffom woolly ! Summit cloven, 75 BINDWEED. Capf. with two cells and two feeds Blof. bell-ihaped. Summit cloven. 76 THORNAPPLE. Cap. with two cells, and four valves ! Blof. funnel-ſhaped. Cup deciduous. 77 HENBANE. Capſ. with two cells : covered with a lid! Buf. funnel-Maped. Summit VIO a knob. 10 78 MULLEIN. Capſ. with two cells. Bloff. wheel- ſhaped. Summit blunt. Chives de- clining. 79 JACOBSLADDER. Capf. with three cells. Blof. with five diviſions. Chives ftanding upon the valves of the tube. 80 ROSEBAY. Capf. with five cells. Bloſ. bell-ſhap- ed. Summit blunt. 81 PIRRIWINKLI. S. Vel. two upright little bags. Bleſ: ſalver-ſhaped. Seeds not winged. 82 NICHTSHADE. Berry with two cells. Tips with two holes in each ! 83 DWALE. Berry with two cells. Chives diſtant : bowed in wards. Centaury Gentian. | Pelorie ; fee Common Toad-flax. *** Florvers of one Petal ; fuperior. 84 MARSHWORT. Capf. with one cell ; and five valves at the top. Blof. falver-ſhaped : Summit a knob. 85 RAMPION. Capf. with two or three cells : per- lorated. Blo: with five divilions. Summit with ino or three clefts. 86 BILLILOWER. Capf. with three or five cells ; per. . forated. Blofs : bell-ſhaped. Summit witli three clefts, 87 HONEYSUCKLE. Berry, with two cells ; roundil. Bled unequal. Summit a knob. a 83 BUCKTHORN Ο Ν Ε Ρ ΟΙ Ν Τ Α L. 97 **** Flowers of five letals; beneat). 88 BUCKTHORN. Berry with three cells; globular. Cup tubular, reſembling a bloſſom; with five converging ſcales at the mouth of the tube. 89 SPINDLE. Berry reſembling a capſule; lobed. Cup expanding. Seed like a berry; covered with an outer coat. Violet. ***** Flowers of five Petals ; ſuperior. go CURRANT. Berry with ſeveral feeds. Petals ſtand- ing on the cup. Shaft cloven. Berry with five ſeeds. Cup binding round the fruit. - Summit fimple. ****** Flowers imperfect; beneath. 92 KNOTGRASS. Capf. with one ſeed and five valves. Cup ſimple; rough and inelegant. 93 SALTWORT. - Capf. with five feeds; and five valves, ; Cup ſimple ; bell-ſhaped ; very rough and inelegant. Perennial Snake-weed. + Orache. ******* Flowers imperfeet; ſuperior. 94 FLUELLIN. Seed fingle; crowned. Cup bearing the chiyes. gi Ira, Order II. Two Pointals. 95 FELWORT * Florvers of one Petal: beneath. Capf. with one cell and two valves, Bloj. wheel-ſhaped, with ten ho- neycup pores. Capſ. with one cell and two valves, Blol. tubular; variouſly ſhaped. 96 GENTIAN. H ** Flowers 98 FIVE CHIVÉ S. ** Florvers of five Petals; beneath. co + Tree Bladdernut. *** Flowers imperfect. 97 KELPWORT. Seed one ; reſembling a ſnail-ſhell, covered. Cup fife leaves. 98 BLITE. Seed one; round and flat. Cup five concave leaves. Seed one; kidney-ſhaped. Cup five leaves; feed at the bottom of the cup. 100 RUPTUREWORT. Seed one; egg-ſhaped; covered. Cup with five diviſions. Five Threads with, and five without tips. Berry not juicy; compreſſed. Cup one leaf; foon ſhrivelling. + Common Dodder. 99 BEET. IQI ELM **** Flowers of five Petals : Superior and two feeds. In Rundles. A. FENCE both general and partial, 102 FRYNGO. Florets growing in globular heads. The receptacle chaffy. 103 PENNYwORT. Florets in a ſort of rundle ; fertile. Seeds compreffed. 104 SANICLE. Florets in a ſort of rundle: thoſe in the centre barren. Seeds covered with ſharp points. 105 MADNEP. Florets unequal ; almoſt all fertile. I Fence deciduous Seeds membra- naceous. 106 DROPWORT. Förets unequal; thoſe in the circum- ference barren. Fence fimple. Seeds crowned ; fitting. 107 PRICKLENEP. Florets unequal; ſeveral barren. Fence fimple. Sceds fitting, 108 HENSFOOT. Florets unequal; thoſe in the cente barren. Fence fimple. Seeds covered with ſharp points. Florets unequal; thoſe in the centre barren. Fence winged. Seeds co- vered with prickles. 110 HARTWORT. JOG CARROT TWO P O IN T A L S. 99 110 HARTWORT. Florets unequal; all fertile. Fence fim- ple. Seeds with a ſcolloped border. 11 HARESPONG. Florets equal; thoſe in the centre bar- ren. Fence fimple, Seeds ſcored ; covered. 112 HEMLOCK. Florets equal; all fertile. Petals heart- fhaped. Partial fence extending but half way round. Seeds hunched, ribbed and furrowed. 113 Pignut. PIGNUT Florets equal ; all fertile. Petals heart- ſhaped. Partialfence briſtly. 114 SPIGNAL. Florets equal; all fertile. Peials heart- ſhaped. Seeds convex, ſcored. 115 THOROUGHWAX. Florets equal; all fertile. Petals rolled inwards. (The leaves of the partialfence often reſemble petals.) 116 Kex. Florets equal; all fertile. Petals heart- ſhaped. Seeds nearly egg-ſhaped, ſcored. 119 SAMPHIRE. Florets equal; all fertile. Petals rather flat. Fence horizontal. 118 LOVAGE. Florets equal; all fertile. Petals rolled inwards. Fence membranaceous. 119 ANGELICA. Florets equal; all fertile. Petals rather flat. Rundlets globular. 120 HONEWORT. Florets equal; all fertile. Petals rather flat. Rundlets of few florets. + Coriander. | Celery Smal'age. ) B. Fence only partial. 12 I CICILY. Florets rather unequal; all fertile. Partialfence extending but half way round. 122 CORIANDER. Florets unequal; ſome of them barren. Fruit nearly globular. 123 SHEPHERDS NEEDLE. Florets unequal; thoſe in the centre barren. Fruit oblong. 124 Cow-WEED. Florets unequal; thoſe in the centre generally barren. Partialfence of five leaves. 125 WATERWORT. Florets nearly equal; all fertile. Fruit crowned. H 2 126 COWBANE. Ιοο FI V E CHI VE S. 126 COWBANE. Florets nearly equal; all fertile. Petals rather flat. + Round-leaved Thorough-quax. * Cows Madnep. Hemlock Dropwort. Fine-leaved Hens-foot. + Creeping Flax. * Wild Angelica. C. No Fence. 127 ALEXANDERS. Florets equal; thoſe in the centre bar- ren. Seeds kidney-ſhaped: angular. 128 CARAWAY. Florets nearly equal; thoſe in the cen- tre barren. Seeds hunched; ſcored. 129 PARSNEP. Florets nearly equal; all fertile. Seeds depreſſed and flat. 130 FENNEL Florets nearly equal; all fertile. Sceds bordered; ſcored. 131 GOUTWEED. Florets nearly equal; all fertile. Seeds hunched; ſcored. Petals heart- ſhaped. 132 SMALLAGE, Florets equal; almoſt all fertile. Seeds ſmall; ſcored. Petals bent inwards. 133 BREAKSTONE. Florets nearly equal; all fertile. Petals heart-ſhaped. Before flowering the Rundles nodding Order III. Three Pointals. * Bloſſoms ſuperior. 134 MEALTREE. Bloj. with five clefts. Berry with one feed. Bloj. with five clefts. Berry with three feeds. 135 ELDER. ** Bloſoms beneath. 136 BLADDERNUT. Blol. five petals. Capf. with two or threc clefts: bladder-ſhaped. 137 CHICKWEED. Blol. five petals. Capf. with one cell. Cup five leaves. Petals cloven. † Water Elinks. | Sea Sandwort. Order FOUR POINT AL S. 101 Order IV. Four Pointals. 138 PARNASSUS. Blof. five petals. Capf. with four valves. Honey-cups five. Fringed with glands. Order Five. Five Pointals. 139 FLAX Blof. five petals. Capf. with ten cells. 140 SUNDEW. Bloff. five petals. Capf. with one cell; opening at the top. 141 SIBBALD. Blod, five petals. Seeds five. Cups with ten clefts. 142 Thrift. Blof: with five diviſions. Seed fingle; incloſed in the funnel-ſhaped Cup. * Five-chived Mouſe-ear. * Five-chived Spurrey. | Cranes-bill. Order VI. Many Pointals. 143 MOUSETAIL. Cup with five leaves. Honeycups five; tongue-ſhaped. Seeds numerous. upon Ivy-leaved Crowfoot. 60 VIPERGRASS. 191 Echium. EMPAL. Cup with five diviſions, upright, permanent. Seg- ments awl-ſhaped, upright. Bloss. One petal ; bell-ſhaped. Tube very ſhort. Border . gradually widening; with five clefts, blunt; upright. Segments often unequal, the two upper ones being the longeft; the lower, ſmaller; ſharp ; reflected. Mouth open. Chives. Threads five ; as long as the bloſſom ; awl- ſhaped ; declining ; unequal. Tips oblong; fixed fideways to the threads. Point. Seed-buds four; Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt; cloven. S. VESS. None. The cup becoming more inflexible, contains the feeds. SEEDS. Four: roundifh ; obliquely tapering: H 3 VIPER CI 102 FI V E CHI VE S. Wall Italicum VIPERGRASS. The ſtem upright; hairy; the ſpikes rough with hair, Bloſſoms nearly equal, Chives exceedingly long. - Bloſſoms blue. Echium alterum five lycopſis anglica. Ray's Syn. 228. Engliſh Viper Buglofs. Hudſon's Flor. Angl. 70. 1. Bloſſoms nearly equal, ſcarcely longer than the empalement with ſoft hairs at the border.--Blue ; purple; or white. Lycopſis. Bauh. pin. 255. Park. 519. Gerard. 802. Ray's Syn. 227 Wall Vipers Bugloſs. In fandy cornfields and road-ſides. P. July. Auguft. VIPERGRASS. The ftem rough with hairs and tubercles. The ſtem leaves fpear-ſhaped, and rcugh with hair. Flowers in lateral ſpikes-- first red, afterwards blue; fometimes purple; or white. Echium vulgare. Bauh. pin. 254. Park. 414. Gerard. 802. Ray's Syn. 227. Viper Bugloſs. Cows and Sheep are not fond of it. Horſes and Goats refuſe it. --The flowers are highly grateful to Bees. Common Vulgare 61 LUNGWORT. 184 Pulmonaria. EMPAL. Cup of one leaf; with five teeth and five angles; permanent. Bloss. One petal; funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical; as long as the empalement Border with five ſhallow clefts; blunt; not quite upright. Mouth open. . Chives. Threads five'; very ſhort; in the mouth of the tube. Tips upright; approaching. Point. Seed-buds four; Shaft thread-ſhaped; ſhorter than the empalement. Summit blunt; notched at the end. S. Vess. None. The Empalement unchanged contains the feeds in its baſe. SEEDS, Four; roundiſh; blunt, LUNGWORT. Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L, 103 LUNGWORT. The cups as long as the tube of the blof Broadleaved fom. Root-leaves betwixt egg and heart-ſhaped; rough-Bloſ- Officinalis foms purple uiben newly expanded, but afterwards blue. Stems rough. Tube of the blosſom white; mouth hairy. Pulmonaria foliis echii. Gerard. 8o8. Symphytun maculoſum, ſeu pulmonaria latifolia. Bauh. pin. 259. Pulmonaria latifolia. Park. 248. Buglofs Cowſlips. long leaved fage of Jeruſalem. Spotted Lungwort. Hampſhire, in woods. P. May. When burnt it affords a larger quantity of aſhes than almoſt any other vegetable; often a ſeventh part of its own weight. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it-It nouriſhes an inſect, called the Chryſomela Nemorum. LUNGWORT. The cup but half as long as the tube of the Sea bloſſom; leaves egg-ſhaped; ftem branched; trailing - Bloſoms Maritima purple. Echium marinum. Ray's Syn. 228. Bugloſſum dulce ex infulis Lancaftriæ. Park. 765. Sea Buglofs. On fandy ſhores. P. July. 62 GROMWELL. 181 Lithoſpermum. Empal. Cup with five diviſions ; oblong, ſtraight, ſharp; permanent. Segments awl ſhaped, and keel Shaped on the back. Bloss. One petal funnel-ſhaped; as long as the empale- Tube cylindrical. Border with five ſhallow clefts ; blunt, upright. Mouth open. Chives. Threads five; very fhort. Tips oblong, ſtand- ing in the mouth of the bloſſom. Point. Seedbuds four. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the tube of the bloſſom. Summit blunt; cloven. S.Vess. None. The feeds are contained at the bottom ment. of the open cup. Seeds. Four; egg-ſhaped; tapering; hard; ſmooth. H 4 H4 GROM 104 FIVE CHI VE S. Common Officinale - GROMWELL. The leaves ſmooth; bloſſoms hardly longer than the cup. Leaves ſpear-ſhaped. The ſeeds are as hard as bone. Bloſſoms white. Lithoſpermum majus erectum. Bauh. pin. 258. Lithoſpermum minus. Gerard. 6o9. Lithoſpermum vulgare minus. Park. 432. Lithoſpermum feu milium folis. Ray's Syn. 228. Gromill. Graymill. In dry gravelly foil. P. May. June. Grew ſays the ſeeds have ſo much earth in their compofition that they efferveſce with acids. Sheep and Goat eat it. Cows and Horſes refuſe it. Leffer Arvenſe GROMWELL. The feeds wrinkled. Bloſſoms hardly longer than the cups—White; on Short fruit-ſtalks. Roots reddiſh. Lithoſpermum arvenſe radice rubra. Bauh. pin. 258. Park. 432. Ray's Syn. 227. Anchuſa degener facie milii folis. Gerard. 610. Baſtard Alkanet. In cornfields, common. A. May. June. The girls in the North of Europe paint their faces with the juice of the root upon days of feſtivity--The bark of the root tinges wax and oil of a beautiful red, ſimilar to that which is obtained from the root of the foreign Alkanet that is kept in the ſhops.---Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it. Alkanet Purpureo- cæruleum GROMWELL. The ſeeds ſmooth: bloſſom greatly longer than the cup-The barren ſtems creeping and ſending forth roots. The flowering ſtems upright. Bloſſoms purple. Lithoſpermum minus repens latifolium. latifolium. Bauh. pin. 258. Lithoſpermum majus. Gerard. 609. Lithoſpermum vulgare majus. Park. 258. Lithoſpermum majus dodonæi, flore purpureo, femine an- chufæ. Ray's Syn. 229. Leſſer creeping Gromwell, On hills. P. June. 63 COMFREY Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ν Τ Α L. 105 63 COMFREY. • 185 Symphytum Empal. Cup with five diviſions and five corners; upright; ſharp; permanent. Bloss. One petal; bell-ſhaped. Tube very ſhort. Bor- der tubular; diftended; thicker than the tube ; Mouth with five teeth; blunt; reflected. Mouth of the Tube furniſhed with five awl-ſhaped valves ſhorter than the border, approaching ſo as to form a cone. Cuives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped; ftanding alternately with the valves in the mouth of the tube. Tips up- right; ſharp, covered. Point. Seed-buds four. Shaft thread-ſhaped, as long as the bloſſom. Summit fimple. S.Vess. None. The Cup grows larger and wider. SEEDS. Four; hunched, tapering ; approaching at the points. COMFREY. The leaves betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped; Common running along the ſtem-Bloſſoms yellowiſh white, or purple. Officinale Symphytum majus vulgare. Park. 523. Symphytum conſolida major. Bauh. pin, 259. Gerard. 660. Symphytum magnum. Ray's Syn. 230. 1. There is a variety with purple bloſſoms. On the banks of rivers and wet ditches. P. May. The particles of the duſt appear in the microſcope like two globules united together---the leaves give a greatful flavour to cakes and panadoes ---The roots are glutinous and mucilaginous. Cows and Sheep eat it. Horſes, Goats and Swine refuſe it. 64 BORRAGE. jot FIVE CHI VE S. | 64 BORRAGE. 18. Borago. EMPAL. Cup with five diviſions; permanent. Bloss. One petal; wheel-Shaped; as long as the empale- ment. Tube fhoiter than the cup. Border with five diviſions; wheel ſhaped, flat. The Mouth crowned with five projecting fubftances, which are blunt and notched at the end. Chives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped; approaching, Tips oblong ; approaching; fixed by the middle to the inner fide of the thread. Point. Secdbuds four. Shaft thread-ſhaped : longer than the chives. Summit fimple. S. VESs. None. The cup grows larger and bladder- fhaped. SEEDS, Four; roundiſh; wrinkled ; keel-ſhaped out- wardly towards the point; globular at the baſe : lying lengthways in a hollow of the receptacle. PORRAGE with all the leaves alternate; cups expanding : fruit-ſtalks terminating ; ſupporting ſeveral flowers--This plant originally came from Aleppo; but it is not found in many farts of Europe. Leaves egg-ſhaped; embracing the fiem. Blofioms fine bine. Tips black. Borrago hortenſis. Gerard. 797. Ray's Syn. 228. ylosium latifolium, Borrago. Bauh. pin. 256. The varieties are 1. Bloftoms white. 2. Blofſoms roſe-coloured. 3. Leaves variegated. On walls and amongſt rubbiſh. P. June. Auguft. By the experiments of Mr. Marggraff, Mem. de Berlin. 1747 pa. 72. it appears that the juice affords a true nitre--- It is now . ſeldom uſed inwardly but as an ingredient in cool tankards for fummer drinking, though the young and tender leaves are good in fallads, or as a pot-herb. - It affords nouriſhment to the Lambda Moth, Fhalana Gramma. Common Oficinalis 65 BUGLOSS. Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 107 65 BUGLOSS. 190 Lycopfis. Empat. Cup with five diviſions: permanent. Segments oblong; ſharp; open. Bloss. One petal; funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical ; crooked. Border with five ſhallow clefts ; blunt. Mouth cloſed by five prominent, convex, approach- ing valves. Cuives. Threads five, very ſmall; fixed to the bend of the Tube, Tips ſmall, covered; the mouth of the bloſſom being cloſed. Point. Seedbuds four. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summit blunt; cloven, S. Vess. None. The Cup very large and bladder- ſhaped incloſes the feed. SEEDS. Four, rather long; covered by a dry hard wrinkled coat. Oes. The eſſential character of this genus confifts in the curvature of the tube of the bloſſom. BUGLOSS. The leaves rough with hair; ſpear-ſhaped. Wild Cups upright whilſt the plant is in flower—The whole plant is Arvenſis rough with ſtrong hairs. Bloſſoms blue. Bugloſſum ſylveſtre minus. Bauh. pin. 256. Park. 765. Bugloffa fylveſtris minor. Gerard. 799. Ray's Syn. 227. Small wild Buglofs. Ploughed fields and road fides. A. June. September. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. 66 MAD WORT. 189 Aſperugo. EMPAL. Cup of one leaf; permanent: with five upright, unequal ſegments. BLOSS One petal ; funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical ; very ſhort. Border with five ſhallow clefts ; blunt ; ſmall. Mouth cloſed by five convex, projecting, approaching valves. Chives. Threads five ; very ſhort ; fixed in the mouth of the Tube. Tips rather oblong; covered. Point. Seedbuds four; compreſſed. Shaft thread-ihap- ed; ſhort. Summit blunt. S. Vess. None. The Cup very large; upright; com- preſſed ; cloſes upon and contains the feeds. SEEDS. Four; oblong; compreſſed; in diſtant pairs. MADWORT. 108 FIVE CHI VE S. Goofegraſs MADWORT. The cup containing the ripe fruit, compreſſed Procumbens --Bloſſoms purple. Bugloffúmfylveſtre, caulibus procumbentibus. Bauh. pin. 257. Borago minor fylveſtris. Park. 765. Aparine major. Gerard. 1122. Small wild Bugloſs. Great Gooſe-graſs. German Madwort. In roads and amongſt rubbiſh. A. April. May. Horſes, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it. 67 HOUNDSTONGUE. 183 Cynogloffum. Impal. Cup with five diviſions ; oblong; ſharp ; per- manent. Bloss. One petal; funnel-ſhaped ; as long as the empalement. Tube cylindrical; ſhorter than the Border. Border with five fallow clefts ; blunt. Mouth cloſed by five convex, prominent, approach- ing valves. Chives. Threads five ; very ſhort ; fixed to the mouth of the bloſſom. Tips roundiſh; naked. Point. Seedbuds four. Shaft awl-fhaped ; as long as the chives ; permanent. Summit notched at the end. S. VESS. None ; but the ſeedcoats of the four feeds; depreſſed, roundiſh, outwardly more blunt; rough ; not opening; flat upon the outer fide; fixed by their points. SEEDs. Four; ſomewhat egg-ſhaped ; hunched, taper- ing; fmooth. Oes. The eſſential character of this genus conſiſts in the four feed- coats, each incloſing a ſingle ſeed; and fixed to ihe ſhaft. 9 Stinking Officinale HOUNDSTONGUE. Chives ſhorter than the bloſſom. Leaves broad; ſpear-ſhaped ; fitting; downy-Bloſoms purple ſometimes white. Cynogloſſum majus vulgare. Bauh. pin. 257. Gerard. 804. Park. 511. Ray's Syn. 226. 1. There is a variety with greener leaves. Ray's Syn. 226. Great Houndſtongue. Road fides and amongſt rubbiſh. P. June. Both the root and leaves have been ſuſpected to poſſeſs narcotic properties, but others will not admit the fact. It is diſcarded from the preſent practice. The ſmell of it is very dit agreeable. Goats eat it. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. It furniſhes food for the Scarlet "Tyger Moth, Phalana Domings. 68 ALKANET ONE POINT A L. 109 3 68 ALKANET. 182 Anchuſa. Empat. Cup with five diviſions; oblong; cylindrical; ſharp; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical ; as long as the empalement. Border with five ſhallow clefts ; blunt; not quite upright. Mouth cloſed by five convex, prominent, oblong, approaching valves. Chives. Threads five; very ſhort; fixed to the mouth of the bloſſom. Tips oblong; covered ; fixed fideways to the threads. Point. Seedbuds four. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt; notched at the end. S. Vess. None. The Cup grows larger and upright; and includes the ſeeds within it. SEEDS. Four; rather long; blunt; hunched. Obs. When the bloffom is fully expanded it is nearly ſalver-ſhaped. ALKANET with flowers growing in heads; upon fruit- Evergreen Atalks which are furniſhed with two leaves - Sempervirens The ſtems proceeding from the ſides of the crown of the root are upright and rough with hair. Leaves betwixt egg ſhaped ; on leaf.ftalks; remote; ſpotted with white. Fruit- ſtalks riſing from the baſe of the leaves are furniſhed with two oppoſite, fitting, floral leaves, betwixt ſpear and egg-ſhaped. Several flowers upon each fruit-italk. The BloſJoms blue and the tube ſhort. Bugloffum latifolium ſempervirens. Barh, pin. 256. Borrago ſempervirens. Gerard. 797. Ray's Syn. 227. Road fides and amongſt rubbiſh. P. May. June. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine are not fond of it, and ſtrap- 69 SCOR- FI VE CHI VE S. 69 SCORPIONGRASS. 180 Myoſotis. EMPAL. Cup with five ſhallow clefts; oblong; upright: ſharp: permanent. Bloss. One petal; falver ſhaped. Tube cylindrical ; fhort. Border ílat; with five ſhallow clefts. Segments blunt; notched at the end. Mouth cloſed with five convex, prominent, approaching valves. Cuives. Threads five : very ſhort; fixed to the neck of the tube. Tips very ſmall; covered. Point. Seedbuds four. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the tube of the bloſſom. Summit blunt. S. VESS. None. The Cup large and upright contains the feeds within it. SEEDS. Four; egg-ſhaped ; tapering ; ſmooth. Obs. In ſome ſpecies the foods are covered with hooked prickles. та SCORPIONGRASS with naked ſeeds and the points of the leaves callous-This varies confiderably in different ſituations. In dry fituations the plant and flowers are ſmaller; in moiſt ones both are larger and ſometimes bairy. The Bloſſoms vary from a full blue to a very pale one, or ſometimes a yellow; and are in a long Spirally tewified ſpike. Myoſotis (corpioides hirſuta. Park. 691. Ray's Syn. 229 Gerard. 337. Echium fcorpioides arvenſe. Bauh. pin. 254. In dry fields and on the margin of ſprings and rills. P. April. August. When it grows in the water, and its taſte and ſmell thereby rendered leſs obſervable, Sheep will ſometimes eat it, but it is generally fatal to them---Cows, Horſes, Swine and Goats re- fute it. Mouſe-Ear Scorpioides. 70 PIM- ONE POINT A L. III 30 70 PIMPERNEL 206 Anagallis. EMTAL. Cup with five diviſions ; fharp; permanent. Segments keel-ſhaped. Bloss. One petal; wheel ſhaped. Tube none. Border with five diviſions ; flat. The Segments roundish egg-ſhaped; connected by the claws. Chives. Threads five; upright hairy towards the bot- CHIVES tom ; fhorter than the bloſlom. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud globular. Shaft thread-fhaped ; a little L'inclining. Summit knobbed. S. Vess. Capſule globular: of one cell; cut round. SEEDS. Several; angular. Receptacle very large; globular. PIMPERNEL with undivided leaves and a trailing ſtem - Common Leaves betwixt css and Spear-ſhaped. Bloſſoms red. They open Arvenlis about eight in the morning ; but cloſe in the afternoon. Anagallis flore phæniceo. Bauh. lin. 252. Park. 558. Rey's Syn, 282. od be There are three varieties, viz. 1. Red flowered with larger leaves, four at a joint. Ray's Syn. 292. 2. Blue flowered, or Female Pimpernel. Gerard. 617. Ray's Syn. 282. Bauh. pin. 252. 3. White flowered. Ray's Syn, 282. Male Pimpernel. 2. Female Pimpernel. In fandy cornfields. A. May. Auguft. ra Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep refuſe it. Small Birds are highly delighted with the feeds. 71 LOOSESTRIFE. 205 Lyfimachia. EMPAL. Cup with five diviſions; ſharp; upright; per- manent. TO Bloss. One petal; wheel-Shaped. Iube none. Totter with five diviſions; flat. Segments oblong egg shaped. CHIVES. Threads five; awl-ſhaped. Tips tapering. Point. Seedbud roundiſh, Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summit blunt. S. VESS. Capf. globular; with one cell and ten valves. SEEDS. feveral , angular. Receptacle very large; glo- bular, dotted. LOOSE- 112 FIVE CHI VE S. Yellow Vulgaris * Fruit-ſtalks with ſeveral flowers. LOOSESTRIFE. The flowers in panicled bunches, termi- nating-Stem ſcored; hairy. Leaves ſpear-ſhaped, three or four at each joint. Bloſſoms yellow. Lyſimachia lutea. Gerard. 474. Ray's Syn. 282. Lyſimachia lutea major. Bauh. pin. 245. vulgaris. Park. 544. 1. There is a variety with ſhorter and broader leaves. Ray's Syn. 282. Yellow Willowherb. Banks of rivers and ſhady marſhes. P. June. July.-The leaves give a yellow dye to wool. Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it. LOOSESTRIFE. The flowers on fruit-ſtalke in lateral bun Tufted Thyrſiflora ches—Bloſſoms cloven down to the baſe, with very Mort tecth inter- vening. The ends of the petals marked with tawny Spots. Bloſſoms yellow. Leaves, two at each joint. Lyfimachia lutea, flore globofo. Gerard. 475. Park. 544. Ray's Syn. 283 Lyſimachia bifolia flore globoſo luteo. Bauh. pin. 245. Marſhes and banks of rivers, near King's Langley in Hert- fordſhire. In the Iſle of Angleſea. P. June. Goats eat it. Cows and Sheep are not fond of it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it. ** Fruit-ſtalks with only flower. LOOSESTRIFE with ſharp egg-ſhaped leaves ; folitary Pimpernel flowers and trailing ſtems-Bloſſoms yellow. Stem cylindrical. Nemorum Anagallis lutea. Gerard. 618. nemorum. Bauh. pin. 252. Anagallis flore luteo. Park. 558. Yellow Pimpernel of the woods. In moiſt Mady places. P. May. June. Moneywort LOOSESTRIFE. The leaves ſomewhat heart-ſhaped ; flowers Nummularia ſolitary; ſtem creeping-Four cornered. Bloſſoms pellow. Nummularia. Gerard. 630. vulgaris. Park. 555. Nummularia major lutea. Bauh. pin. 309. In moiſt meadows. P. June. The plant is a little acrid and ſub-aftringent. Cows and Sheep eat it. Goats are not fond of it. Horſes refuſe it. - LOOSE- O N E POI N T A L. 113 LOOSESTRIFE. The leaves rather ſharp and egg-ſhaped ; Purple fruit-ſtalks longer than the leaves ; ſtem creeping-Chives very Tenella woolly Bloſſoms red. Nummularia minor flore purpurafcente. Bauh. pin. 310. Park. 555. Gerard. 630. Ray's Syn. 283. Purple Moneyworr. In turfy bogs. P. July. Auguft. 29 SO 72 PRIMROSE. 197 Primula. Empal. Fence ſmall; of many leaves ; including feveral fowers. Cup one leaf; tubular; ſharp; upright; permanent, with five angles and five teeth. Bloss. One petal. Tube cylindrical; as long as the cup; terminated by a ſhort hemiſpherical neck. Border expanding, with five ſhallow clefts. Segments inverſely heart-ſhaped; notched at the end ; blunt. Mouth open. Chives. Threads five; very ſhort ; within the neck of the bloſſom. Tips upright; approaching; tapering; within the tube. Point. Seedbud globular. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the cup. Summit globular. S. Vess. Capſule cylindrical; nearly as long as the сир, which covers it; of one cell: opening at the top with ten teeth. Seeds, Numerous; roundiſh. Receptacle oblong; egg- ſhaped ; looſe. PRIMROSE. The leaves wrinkled and toothed - A ſingle Common flower only upon a fruit-ſtalk. Bloffoms pale yellow. Vulgaris Primula veris vulgaris. Park. 536. Ray's Syn. 284. Primula veris minor. Gerard. 781. Verbaſculum ſylvaruin majus fingulari flore. Bauh pin. 2/1. In woods and hedges, frequent. P. April. Gerard reports that a dram and a half of the dried roots, ta- up in autumn, operates as a ſtrong but ſafe emetic, Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it. a ken I PRIMROSE 114 FIVE CHI V E s. Cow lip 1. Veris Park. 535 а Oxlip 2. Elatior *9 PRIMROSE. The leaves wrinkled; toothed - Stalk subforting Several flowers, which are yellow and agreeably ſcented. Primula veris major. Gerard. 781. Verbafculum pratenſe odoratum. Bauh. pin. 241. Paralyfis vulgaris pratenſis, fore flavo fimplici odoratc. od Pagils. Paigles. Cowſlips. In paſtures. Son 0.1 The flowers are uſed for making cowflip wine. "The Leaves may be eaten as a pot-herb, or in tallads. The root hath a fine ſinell, like aniſe. PRIMROSE. Larger than the preceding; without ſmell. Border of the bloſſom flat: pale yellow. Verbaſculum pratenſe aut ſylvaticum inodorum. Bauh. pin. 241. Primala pratenfis inodora lutea. Gerard. 780. Ray's Sjn. 284. In high barren paſtures. P. April. May. Different as theſe varieties may ſeem, it would be wrong to rank them as diſtinct ſpecies, ſays Linnæus : and the accurate Dr. Martyn in his Catal . Hort. Botan. Cantab. p. 30, fays, expe- rience hath taught him to adopt the ſame opinion; though at the fame time, with that candour which ever diſtinguiſhes realinerit, he quotes a different opinion from another author. The different kinds of Polyanthuſſes, ſo much admired by floriſts, all originate from theſe. onto PRIMROSE. Leaves ſmooth, ſeolloped. Border of the bloffom flat-The fruit-ſtalks and cups are beautifully covered with the duft. Bloff:ms red. Primula veris flore rubro. Gerard. 783. Te 120. TAS Verbaſculum umbellatum alpinum minus. Bauh. pin. 247. Ray's Syn, 285. Paralyfis minor flore rubro. Park. 246. Birds Eye. ed In marſhes and bogs, upon mountains in the North. P. May. The flowers are beautiful, but they indicate a barren foil. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows refuſe it. The great yellow under-winged Moth, Phalana Pronuba, lives upon the different fpecies and varieties of the Primroſe. Mealv Farinoſa a 73 FEATHER- ONE POINT A L. 115 73.FEATHERFOIL. 203 Hottonia. Empal. Cup of one leaf, with five diviſions. Segments ſtrap-ſhaped; not quite upright. Bloss. One petal; ſalver-ſhaped. Tube as long as the empalement. Border with five clefts; flat. Segments oblong, egg-ſhaped; notched at the end. Chives. Threads five; awl-Ihaped: fhort; upright; . ſtanding upon the tube and oppoſite to the ſegments of the bloſſom. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbuid globular, tapering. Shaft thread-ſhaped; ſhort. Summit globular. S. VESs. Capſule globular, tapering; with one cell; ſtanding upon the empalement, Seeds. Many, roundiſ. Receptacle globular ; large. Oes. Some flowers have fix chives; and then the cup and the blof- Som is divided into fix fegments. FEATHERFOIL with numerous flowers ; on fruit-ſtalks, Water growing in whorls--The leaves like thoſe of the Featherwort are Palulris concealed under water, only the Spikes of flower's riſing above the fur- face. Leaves winged. Bloſſoms white or tinged with pale purple. buen Hottonia. Ray's Syn. 285. Millefolium aquaticum ſeu viola aquatica caule nudo. Bauh. pin. 141. Millefolium aquaticuin floridum feu viola aquatica. Park. 1256. Viola paluftris. Gerard. 826. Water Violet. In ponds and ditches. P. July. Auguſt, Cows eat it. Swine refaſe it. SEXY . I 2 74 BUCK- 116 FIVE CHI VE S. manent. 74 BUCK BE A N. 202 Menyanthes. Empat. Cup of one leaf with five upright diviſions : per- Bloss. One petal'; funnel-ſhaped. Tube ſhort, fome- whatcylindrical at bottom but funnel-ſhaped upwards. Border cloven more than half way down into five Segments. The Segments blunt; reflected; expand- ing; remarkably hairy. Cuves. Threads five; awl ſhaped; ſhort. Tips ſharp ; upright; cloven at the baſe. Point. Seedbud conical. Shaft cylindrical; nearly as long as the bloſſom. Suninil cloven; compreſſed. S. VESš. Capſule egg-ſhaped; of one cell: bound round by the cup. Seeds. Many; egg-ſhaped; ſmall. Oes. The firſt Species hath the ſegments of the fetals fringed at the edges; but the upper ſurface is not hairy. Lilly BUCKBEAN. The leaves heart-ſhaped, very entire; the Nymphoides blottoms fringed at the edges. - Flowers forming a ſimple rundle ; ſitting upon the ſide of a leaf-ſtalk. Bloſſoms yellow. Leaves fome- times Spotted. Nymphæa lutea minor, flore fimbriato. Bauh. pin. 194. Ray's Syn. 368. Fringed Water-lilly. In large ditches and flow ſtreams. P. June. July. Trefoil BUCKBEAN with three leaves on each leaf-ſtalk.-Flowers Trifoliata on fruit-fialks, oppoſite to the leaves. The ſegments of the bloſſoms ſiand wide and a ef inged on the inner ſurface; white or purj liſh. 1. It varies in having broader or narrower leaves. Menianthe paluſtre triphyllum, latifolium et anguſtifolium. Ray's S:n. 28, Trifolium paluſtre. Bauh. pin. 327. Trito ium paludorum. Gerard. un 4. Pa-Z 1212. In ponds and pits, frequent. P. June. Ju y. An infuſion of the leaves is extremely bitter, ud is pre cribed in Rheumatiſms and Dropſies. A dram of them in powder purges and vomits : it is ſometimes given to deſtroy worms. In a ſcarcity of hops this plant is uſed in the North of Europe to bitter the ale. The powdered roots are ſometimes uſed in Lap- lind inſtead of bread, but they are unpalatable. Some people ſay that Sheep will eat it, and that it cures them of the rot; but from the Upſal experiments it appears, that though Goats eat it, Sheep ſometimes will and fometimes will not. Cows, Hortes and Swine refuſe it. 75 BIND- ON E POINT A L. 117 -O NO 075 BINDWEED. 215 Convolvulus. ExPAL. Cup with five diviſions, approaching; egg- Empal ſhaped , blunt, ſmall: permanent. Bloss. One petal; bell-ſhaped ; expanding ; large ; plaited. The border flightly marked with five or ten notches. CHIVES. Threads five; Threads five; awl-ſhaped; half the length of the blollom. Tips egg ſhaped, compreſſed. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summits two; oblong and ſomewhat broad. S. Vess. Capſule incloſed by the cup: roundiſh; with one, two, or three valves. SEEDS Seeds. Two. Roundiſh. Obs. The ſpecies of Bindweed furniſh nutriment to the Unicorn, or Bindweed Hawk Moth, Sphinx Convolvuli, and the Elephant Moth, Phalana Elpenor. BINDWEED. The leaves arrow-ſhaped; ſharp at each an- Swall gle. Generally one flower upon a fruit-ſtalk.---Bloſſoms reddiſh Arvenſis or white; or ſtriped, or purple. Convolvulus minor vulgaris. Park. 171. Ray's Syn. 275. Convolvulus minor arvenſis. Bauh. pin. 294. 1. There is a variety with very finall leaves, and another with very ſmall flowers. Ray's Syń. 2:6. In corn-fields, common. P. June. July Cows, Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. Swine refuſe it. BINDWEED. The leaves arrow-ſhaped; the two angles at Great the baſe lopped. Fruit-ſtalk four cornered; ſupporting a lingle Sepium flower-Edges of the leaves brown. Bloſſoms white; or purpliſh, or ſtrijed. Floral leaves two; cloſe to the cu!. Convolvulus major albus. Bauh. pin. 294. Park. 163. Ray's Syn. 275. Smilax lævis major. Gera d. 861. In moiſt hedges. P. July. Auguft. Though the root is a very acrid purgative to the human race, it is eaten by Hogs in large quantities without any detriment. Scammony is the infpiffated juice of a ſpecies of Convolvulus to much reſembling this, that they are with difficulty diſtinguiſhed. Can it then be worth while to import Scammony from Aleppo at a confiderable annual expence, when a medicine with the very ſame properties grows ſpontaneouſly in many of our hedges ? Sheep, Goats and Hories eat it. Cows refuſe it. BINDWEED. a 1 3 118 FIVE CHI V È S. Sea BINDWEED. The leaves kidney-ſhaped, only one flower Soldanalle upon a fruit-ſtalk-Blosſoms red. Convolvulus maritiinus, foldanella dicta. Ray's Syn. 276. Soldanella marina.. Gerard. 861, Soldanella maritima minor. Bauh. pin. 295. Soldanella vulgaris. Park. 161. Scottiſh Scurvy-graſs. Cominon on the ſea ſhore. P. July. Half an ounce of the juice, or a dram of the powder, is an acrid purge. The leaves applied externally are ſaid to diminiſh dropfical ſwellings of the feet. 76 THORN APPLE. 246 Datura. EMPAL. Cup of one leaf: oblong; tubular; diftended; with five angles and five teeth ; deciduous; but leaving a part of the baſe behind. Bloss. One peral; funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical ; generally longer than the cup. Border not quite upright, almoſt entire; with five angles, five taper- ing teeth, and five plaits. Cuives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped ; as long as the cup. Tips oblong; blunt; compreſſed. Point. Seedbut egg-ſhaped. Shaft thread-ſhaped; ſtraight. Summit thick: blunt; compoſed of two flat ſubſtances. S. Vess. Capſule nearly egg-ſhaped; with two cells and four valves : ftanding upon the remains of the сир. Receptacle large ; convex; dotted ; fixed to the parti- tion of the capſule. Seeds. Numerous, kidney-ſhaped. Obs. The ſeed-veſel in moſt ſpecies is thick ſet with thorns. Whiteflowered THORNAPPLE. The feed-veſfel upright; egg-ſhaped'; Stramonium thorny. Leaves egg, fhaped— Indented. Bloſſoms awhite. At night - the leaves, particularly the upper ones, riſe up and incloſe the flowers. The Bloſſoms have ſometimes a tinge of purple, or violet. Solarum pomo fpinofo oblongo, flore calathoide, ſtramoniun vulgo dictum. Ray's Syn. 266. Solanum fætidum, pomo ſpinoſo oblongo, flore albo. Bauh. fin. 164. Stramonium fpinofum. Gerard. 349. Amongſt rubbiſh; common about London. A. July. An ointment prepared from the leaves gives eale in external inflammations and Hæmorrhoids. The Edinburgh College direct an extract to be prepared by evaporating the exprefled juice of the leaves. The feecis or leaves given internally bring on delirium, and in a larger doſe would undoubtedly prove fatal. . Cows, Goats, Sheep and Horſes refufe it. 77 HENBANE. Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 119 ܪ 77 H EN BANE. 247 Hyoſcyamus. Empal. Cup of one leaf tubular; diftended in the lower part. Rin with five clefts, ſharp ; permanent. Bloss. One petal: funnel-Shaped. Tube cylindrical ; ſhort. Border not quite upright ; with five ſhallow clefts. Segments blunt ; one broader than the reſt. Cuives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped ; inclining. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summit ſomewhat globular. S. Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped, blunt; marked with a line upon each ſide. Cells two; cut reund; covered with a lid that opens horizontally. Two capſules lying cloſely preſſed together. Receptacle in the ſhape of half an egg, fixed to the partition of the capſule. SEEDS. Numerous ; unequal. HENBANE with indented leaves, embracing the ſtem. Common Flowers fitting—Bloſſoms purple and brown ; clammy. Niger Hyoſcyamus vulgaris. Rey's Syn. 274. Bauh. pin. 169. Park. 362. Hyoſcyamus niger. Gerard. 353. Road fides, and amongſt rubbiſh. B. June. The ſeeds, the leaves and the roots taken internally, are all poiſonous : and many well atteſted inſtances of their bad effects are recorded. Madneſs, Convulſions, and death are the general conſequence. In a ſmaller dofe, they occaſion giddineſs and ſtupor. It is ſaid that the leaves ſcattered about a houſe will drive away mice. The Edinburgh College order the expreſſed juice of the plant to be evaporated to an extract; and perhaps in this ſtate it may be advantageouſly joined with opium, where the effects of that medicine are defrable, and coſtiveneſs is to be avoided. There is no doubt of it being an uſeful medicine un- der proper management. The doſe is from half a ſcruple to half a dram. Goats are not fond of it. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. The Henbane Chryſomela, Chryſomela Hyoſcyami, and the Scarier Bug, Cimex Hyofciami, are found upon this plaat, 14 78 MUL- I 20 FI V E CHI VE S. 78 MULLEIN. 245 Verbaſcum. EMPAL. Cup of one leaf with five diviſions; ſmall; per- manent. Segments upright; ſharp. Bloss. One petal; wheel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical; very (hort. Border with five diviſions, expanding. Seg- ments egg-ſhaped, blunt. Cuves. Threads five; awl ſhaped; declining; ſhorter - than the bloilom. Tips roundiſh; compreſſed; up- ; right. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; inclin- ing; as long as the chives. Sumniit rather thick and blunt. S. Vess. Cahſule roundiſh with two cells, opening at the top. Receptacle the ſhape of half an egg, fixed to the partition of the feed-veſſel. SEEDS, Numerous; angular. Obs. In moſt ſpecies the chives are inclining, and the bottom of the threads cloathed with ſoft coloured hairs. Great Thapſus MULLEIN. The leaves running along the ſtem; downy on both ſides ; ſtem fimple-Blofoms, in a long terminating Spike, σεlloτυ. Verbaſcum mas latifolium luteum. Bauh. pin. 239. Ray’s Syn, 287. Verbaſcum album vulgare, five Thapſus barbatus communis, Fark. 60. Thapſus barbatus. Gerard. 773. Great White Mullein. Hightaper. Cows Lungwort. In dry ditch banks, common. B. July Externally uſed it is emollient. It is faid to intoxicate filh fo that they may be taken with the hand.---In Norway they give it to cows that are conſumptive --- The down ferves for tinder. Neither Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horſes or Swine will eat it. The Wate Betony Moth, Phalæna Verbaſci, and the Figwort Curculio, Curculio Scrophularia, live upon this plant. MULLEIN. The leaves oblong; Wedge-ſhaped.-Bloſſoms yellow or white, in lateral and terminating /pikes. Verbaſcum fiore albo parvo. Ray's Syn. 287. Verbaſcum lichnitis flore albo parvo. Fauh. pin. 240. Verbaſcum mas, foliis longioribus. Park. 6o. Verbaſcum lichnitis matthioli. Gerard. 775. 1. There is a variety with a yellow flower. Ray's Syn. 287. TVhite flowered Mollein. In fandy places. B. July. Neither Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horſes or Swine will touch it, MULLEIN, Hoary Lychnitis Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 121 MULLEIN. The leaves oblong; heart-haped, ſtanding up- Black on leaf-ſtalks.—The ſtem is beſet with hairs that are beautifully Nigrum branched. Bloſſoms yellow; Tips purple. Verbaſcum nigrum flore parvo, apicibus purpureis. Ray's Syn, 288. Verbaſcum nigrum flore ex luteo purpurafcente. Bauh. pin. 240. lo Verbaſcum nigrum. Gerard. 775. vulgare. Park. 61. Sage Leaved Black Mullein. Hedges and road-ſides. P. July. This is a beautiful plant, and the flowers are grateful to Bees. Swine will eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Cows, Hories and Goats refuſe it. MULLEIN. The leaves oblong; ſmooth; embracing the Moth ſtem. Fruit ſtalks folitary-Bloſoms yellow. Blattaria Blattaria lutea. Rwy's Syn. 288. Blattaria lutea, folio longo laciniato. Bauh. pin. 240, Blattaria flore luteo. Park. 64. Blattaria Plinii. Gerard. 776. Yellow Moth Mullein. In gravelly foils. A. June. 79 JACOBSLADDER. 217 Polemonium, Empal. Cup beneath ; of one glaſs-ſhaped leaf: perma- nent: ſharp: with five ſhallow clefts. Bloss. One petal, wheel-ſhaped. Iube ſhorter than the cup; cloſed by five valves, placed at the top of it. Border with five diviſions ; large; flat. Segments roundiſh, blunt. Cuives. Threads five; thread-ſhaped ; inclining; ſhorter than the bloſſom; ftanding upon the valves of the tube. Tins roundiſh; fixed to the thread fide-ways. Point. Seedbud egg ſhaped, ſharp. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the bloſſom. Summit with three clefts ; rolled back, S. Vess. Capſule covered. Egg ſhaped, but with three angles; three cells and three valves. SEEDS. Several; irregular; rather ſharp. JACOBS. 122 FI VECHIVES. Common Cæruleum JACOBSLADDER. With winged leaves ; upright flowers ; and the cup, longer than the tube of the bloſſom - Bloſſoms blue, or white. Little leaves. betivist egg and Spear-shaped; cleven pair or more on each leaf. Valeriana cærulea. Bauh. pin. 164. Valeriana græcaGerard. 10;6. Park. 122. Polemonium vulgare cæruleum et album. Ray's Syn. 288. Greek Valerian. Ladder to Heaven. About Malham Cove. P. June. Its beauty hath obtained it a place in our gardens. Cows, Goats and Sheep it. Horſes are not fond of it. 80 ROSEBA Y. 212 Azalea. EMPAL. Gup with five diviſions; fharp; upright: ſmall; coloured; permanent. Bloss. One petal; bell-ſhaped; with five ſhallow clefts. Segments with the edges bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; thread-ſhaped ; growing on the receptacle; looſe. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the bloſſom: permanent. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Capſule roundiih; with five cells and five valves. SEEDS. Many; roundiſh. Trailing ROSEBAY. Branches ſpreading wide, and trailing-Bloſſoms Procumbens purpliſh Aeſh colour. Chamæciſtus ſerpyllifolia, floribus carneis. Bauh. pin. 465. On mountains in the North. S. The Rev. Mr. Lightfoot found it near Arniſdale in the High- lands of Scotland, Pennani's Tour, 1772. p. 345. 81 PERI. ON E POINT A L. 123 295 Vinca. 81 'PERRY WINKLE. Empal. Cup with five diviſions ; upright ; ſharp ; per- manent. Bloss. One petal; ſalver-ſhaped. Tube longer than the cup; cylindrical in the lower part, wider above: marked with five lines, and five angles at the mouth. Border with five diviſions; horizontal. The feg- ments connected with the top of the tube : broadeſt on the outward edge, and obliquely lopped. Chives. Threads five: very ſhort; firſt bent inwards and then backwards. Tips membranaceous; blunt ; up- right but bowed inwards; with the duſt at the margins. Point. Seerlbuds two; roundifh; with two roundiſh bodies lying contiguous to them. Shaft common to both feedbuds; cylindrical; as long as the chives. Sum- mits two, the lower one round and flat; the upper fummit a concave knob. S. Vess. Two Bags; cylindrical; long; tapering; up. right : of one valve opening lengthways. Seeds. Numerous; oblong; cylindrical : furrowed. PERRYWINKLE. The ſtems creeping; leaves betwixt Leffer ſpear and egg-ſhaped, flowers on fruit-ſtalks-Cups Mhorter than Minor the tube of the bloſom. Flowering ſtens upright. Leaf-ſtalks ſhort. Bloſſoms blue. Vinca pervinca minor. Gerard. 894. Ray's Syn. 268. Vinca pervinca vulgaris. Park. 380. Clematis daphnoides minor. Bauh. pin. 301. Near Hampſtead. In woods and hedges but rare Common in our gardens. P. May. Varieties. 1. Bloſſoms white. 2. Bloſſoms double, blue. 3. Bloſſoms double, white. 4. Bloſſoms double, purple. 5. Leaves with yellow ſtripes; bloſſoms blue, or white; ſingle or double. 6. Leaves with white ſtripes ; bloſſoms blue, or white; ſingle of double. PERRY 124 FIVE CHI VE S. Greater Major PERRYWINKLE. The ftems nearly upright. Leaves egg. Maped; flowers on fruit-stalks-Cup as long as the tube of the bloſſom. Leaf-ſtalks long. Bloſſoins blue; with a bluß of purple. Clematis daphnoides major. Bauh. pin. 302. Ray's Sin. 268. Clematis daphnoides latifolia, feu vinca pervinca major. Park. 380. el Clematis daphnoides, feu pervinca major. Gerard. 894. In woods and hedges. Not uncommon in gardens. P. May. It is bitter and ſlightly aftringent. 82 NIGHTSHADE. 251 Solanum. EMPAL. Cup of one leaf; permanent : with five ſhallow clefts; ſharp; upright. Bloss. One petal ; wheel-ſhaped. Tube very ſhort. Border large; plaired ; with five ſhallow clefts ; flat, ' but turned backwards. Cuves. Threads five; anl-ſhaped; ſmall. Tips oblong; approaching ſo as to touch; with two open pores at the end. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft ſimple, longer than the chives. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Berry roundiſh, glofly; with a hollow dot at the end; and two cells. Receptacle convex on both fides : flefiy. SEEDS. Several, roundiſh, diſperſed among the pulp. NIGHTSHADE. The fruit bearing ſtems without prickles; zigzag. The upper leaves halberd-1-aped; the Howers in tufted bunches--Its blue bloſſoms are ſometimes changed to fieſh colour, or white. Berry red. Solanum lignofum feu dulcamara. Park. 350. Rai's Sjn. 255 Solanum fcandens, leu dulcamara. Kauh. pin. 167. Amara dulcis. Gerard. 350. Bitter-fweet. In moiit brakes and hedges. P. June. July. Varieties. 1. Bloſſoms white. 2. Leaves variagated with white. 3. Leaves ſtriped with yellow. And Mr. Ray ſays it hath a peculiar habit when it the ſea. Buerhaave ſays it is a medicine far ſuperior to China and Sar- ſaparilla as a ſweetner and reſtorative. Linnæus fays an infuſor of the young twigs is an admirable medicine in acute Rheu- mitiſms, Intiammations, Fevers and Suppreſſion of the Lochia. Dr. Hill ſays he has found it very efficacious in the Aſthma.- Sheep and Goats eat it. Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. Woody Dulcamara grow's rear NIGHT. ONE POINT AL. 125 NIGHTSHADE. The ſtem herbaceous; without prickles; Garden leaves egg ſhaped, toothed and angular. Flowers in bunches ; Nigrun nodding-I lofſoms white. Ferries black. Solanum vulgare. Park. 346. Ray's Syn. 264. Solanum officinarum. Bauh. pin. 166. Solanum hor enfe. Gerard. 339. Common Nightſhade. Ainongft rubbiſh. A. June. Julyoma From one to three grains of the leaves infuſed in boiling wa- ter, and taken at bed-time, occafions a copious perłpiration ; in- creaſes the ſecretion by the kidneys, and generally parges more or leſs the following day. Thele propertie judiciouſly applied, render it capable of doing eſſential ſervice in ſeveral difeales, as may be ſeen in Mr. Gattaker's Treatiſe on the Solanun. But its effects on the Nervous Syſtem are ſo uncertain, and ſometimes fo conſiderable, that it muſt be ever adminiſtered with the greateſt caution. The leaves externally applied abate inflammation, and affuage pain. The flowers finell like muſk. - Horſes, Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine refufe it. 1. 83 D W A L E. 249 Atropa. wome EMPAL. Cup one leaf: permanent: with five diviſions; hunched. Segments ſharp.on Bloss. One petal; bell Shaped. Tube very ſhort. Border - diftended: egg-ſhaped ; longer than the cup. Mouth . ſmall; with five clefts; open. Segments nearly equal. Chives. Threads five: awl-ſhaped; fpringing from the baſe of the bloſſom, and as long as the bloſſom ; approaching at the baſe but bowed outwards and s diverging towards the top. Tips rather thick ; riſing. Point. Seedbud half egg-ſhaped. Shaft thread-ſhaped'; inclining; as long as the chives. Summit a knob; tranſverſely oblong : riſing. S. Vess. Berry of two cells; globular; ſitting upon the cup, which enlarges. Receptacle fleſhy; kidney- ſhaped ; convex on both fides. SEEDS. Numerous, kidney-ſhaped. DWALE. 126 FIVE CHI VE S. Deadly Belladonna DWALE. The ſtem herbaceous; the leaves egg-ſhaped; en- tire-Hairy, foft. Bloſſoms dark furfle. Fruit firſt red, after quards black. Belladonna. Ray's Syn. 265. Solanum lethale. Park. 346. Gerard. 340. Solanum melanoceraſus. Bauh. pin. 166. 6. Deadly Nightſhade. In woods, hedges, amongſt lime-ſtone and rubbiſh. P. June. July. The whole plant is poiſonous; and children allured by the beau- ful appearance of the berries, have too often experienced their fa- tal effe&ts. Buchanan, the Scotch Hiſtorian, gives an account of the deſtruction of the army of Sweno, when he invaded Scotland, eby the juice of theſe berries being mixed with the drink which the Scots, by their truce, engaged to ſupply them with. The Danes became ſo intoxicated, that the Scots fell upon them lan their ſleep, and killed the greateſt part of thein ; ſo that there were ſcarcely men enough lett to carry off their king. What- ever credit is due to this ſtory, there is no doubt but thoſe who eat the berries are attacked with Stupor or Delirium, and be- come variouſly convulfed, and that death is the certain confe- quence, if not prevented by timely and plentiful vomiting, ſo as to evacuate the poiſon. Mr. Ray ſays, that tumours of the breaſts, even of the cancerous kind, are reſolved by a topical application of the freſh leaves. There is no doubt but their external application may be productive of good effects in ſeveral caſes, but the following ſtory related by the fame author, thews us that their application is dangerous when the ſkin is broken. A lady of quality who had a ſmall ulcer a little below one of her eyes, which was fuppoſed to be of a cancerous nature, put a finall bit of the green leaf of this plant upon it. In the morning the Uvea in that eye was ſo affected that the pupil would not contract, even in the brighteſt light; whilſt the other eye retained its uſual powers. The leaf being removed, the eye was gradually reſtored to its former ſtate. This could not be an accidental effect, for it was repeated three ſeparate times, and the ſame circumſtances attended each application. Ray's Hift. Plant. 680. In the Philof. Traní. vol. 50. p. 77, there is a caſe of a woman cured of a Cancer in her breaſt by taking a tea-cup full of an infufion of the dried leaves every morning. The complaint became worſe at firſt, but afterwards the ſymptoms abated, and in fix months the was perfectly well. The infufion was made by pouring ten tea-cups of water upon twenty grains of the dried leaves, letting it ſtand all night in a warm place. The relation is very well atteſted. It hath fince been tried in our hospitals, with the effect of mitigating the ſymptoms, but hardly ever perfecting a cure. Mr. Gattaker gives the preference to the Garden Nighthade in theſe caſes, as he found ONE POINT A L. 127 found that to increaſe the ſecretions, and produce ſimilar good effe&ts, without affecting the nervous ſyſtem ſo diſagreeably as the deadly Dwvale generally does.-Sec his Treatiſe on the Night- Shade. 84 MARSHWORT. 222 Samolus. Empal. Cup with five diviſions; ſuperior ; blunt at the baſe: permanent. Segments upright. BLOŚs. One petal; falyer-ſhaped. I'ube, open; very fhort; but as long as th: cup. Border flat; with five blunt diviſions. Valves very ſhort ; approaching; ; fixed to the bottom of the clefts in the border. Curves. Thrends five: ſhort; one betwixt each ſegment of the bloſſom. Tips approaching; covered. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long -Og as the chives. Summit a knob. S Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; of one cell, and five valves Opening half way down; bound round by the cup. Seeds. Many ; egg-ſhaped ; ſmall. Receptacle large; glo- bular. DEWO MARSHWORT. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus Pimpernel gives no deſcription of it-The Leaves oblong egg-Shaped; very Valerandi entire. Bloſſoms white. Samolus valerandi. Ray's Syn. 283. Anagallis aquatica, rotundo folio non crenato. Pauh. pin. 252, Anagallis aquatica rotundifolia. Gerard. 620. Anagallis aquatica 3. lob. folio fubrotundo non crenato. Pa k. 1237 Round leaved Water Pimpernel. In maríhes and moiſt meadows. P. June. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. Hories refuſe it. 85 RAMPIO'N. 220 Phyteuma, . EMPAL. Cup one leaf, with five diviſions; fharp, not quite upright; ſuperior. Bloss. One peral; ſtarry; expanding; with five divi- fions. Segments ſtrap-ſhaped : Sharp; bent back. Chives. Threads five; thorter than the bloſſom. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shaft thread-Shaped; as long as the blollom, bent backwards. Summit with three ordivifion's ; oblong; rolled back. S VISS. Capſule roundiſh; cells three. SEEDS. Several; finall; roundith. RAMPION. 128 F IV E CHI VE S. Roundheaded Orbicularis Gerard. 455 RAMPION with flowers in roundiſh heads and ferrated leaves. Root leaves heart-ſhaped — Bloſſoms purple; or blueiſh. Rapunculus corniculatus inontanus. Ray's Syn. 278. Rapunculus alopecuroides orbiculatus. Park. 648. Rapunculus folio oblongo, ſpica orbiculari. Bauh. pin. 92. Horned Rampions, with a round head or ſpike of flowers. In dry paſtures. On the Downs in Suflex. P. July. Auguſt. 86 BELLFLOWER. 218 Campanula. OL Emral. Cup with five diviſions ; ſharp; not quite upright; fuperior. Bloss. One petal; hell-ſhaped; cloſe at the baſe; with five clefts; ſhrivelling. Segments broad; ſharp, open. Honey-cup in the bottom of the bloſſom, compoſed of five ſharp valves; approaching and co- vering the receptacle. Chives. Threads sive; hair-like; very ſhort; growing upon the ends of the honey-cup valves. Tips com- preſſed; longer than the threads. Point. Seedbud beneath; angular. Shaft thread-ſhaped; longer than the chives. Summit thick; oblong; with three diviſions which are rolled backwards. S.Vess. Capſule fomewhat round; angular; of three or five cells, and letting out the feed at as many lateral holes. SEEDS. Numerous; ſmall. Receptacle reſembling a pillar. Obs. The figure of the ſecd-rocfel is different in different ſi ecies. * Leave ſomewhat ſmooth and narrow. Mountain Uniflora BELLFLOWER. The ſtem, folitary; upright, ſupporting only one flower. Cup as large as the blotlom - On mountains in the North, and in Wales. P. July. Auguft. Round-leaved Rotundifolia BELLFLOWER. The root leaves kidney-ſhaped ; ftem leaves ſtrap-ſhaped-Blosſoms blue; or purple ; ſometimes white. Campanula rotundifolia. Gerard. 452. Ray's Syn. 277. Campanula minor fylveftris rotundifolia. Park. 651. Campanula minor rotundifolia vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 93. Lefler round leaved Bellflower. On heaths and barren paſtures. P. Auguft. O&ober. The juice of the petals ſtains blue, but with the addition of alum, green Cows, Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. Swine refuſe it. BELL- ONE POINT A L. 129 BELLFLOWER. The leaves ſtiff and ſtraight. Root-leaves Field betwixt ſpear and egg-ſhaped; panicle expanding - At the baſe Patula of each ſegment of the cup there is a little livid tooth. Bloſſom blue. In woods, hedges and cornfields. P. July. Auguft. BELLFLOWER. The leaves waved at the edges ; root- Rampion leaves betwixt ſpear-ſhaped and oval. Panicle compact--Stem Rapunculus angular, rough. Fruit-ſtalks generally growing by threes, and the middle one the longeſt. Bloſſoms blue, or whitiſh. Rapunculus eſculentus. Bauh. pin. 92. Ray's Syn. 276. Rapunculus eſculentus vulgaris. Park. 648• Rapuntium parvum. Gerard. 453• In cornfields, near Croyden in Surry; not common. P. Auguſt. The roots are eaten raw in fallads, or boiled like fparagus. In gardens they are blanched. а ** Leaves rough, and rather broad. BELLFLOWER. The leaves betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped; Broad-leaved ſtem undivided; cylindrical. Flowers folitary ; fruit-ſtalks Latifolia nodding-Cups ſmooth. Leaves ferrated. Bloſſoms blue; fome- times pale red; or white; or aſh-coloured, Campanula maxima foliis latiffimis. Bauh. pin. 94. Ray's Syn. 276. Trachelium majus Belgarum. Park. 643. five giganteum. Gerard. 448. Giant Throatwort. In high grounds. P. July. Auguft. The beauty of its flowers frequently procures it a place in our gardens. The whole plant abounds with a milky liquor. - Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. BELLFLOWER. The ſtem angular; lower leaves on leaf- Canterbury ſtalks; cups fringed; fruit-ſtalks divided into three parts. Tracheliui - Leaves betwixt egg and heart-ſhaped; toothed, and rough. Bloſſoms blue; ſometimes pale red, or white. Campanula vulgatior foliis urticæ, vel major et aſperior. Ray's Syn. 276. Bauh. pin. 94. Trachelium majus. Gerard. 448. flore purpureo. Park. 644. Grea: Throatwort or Canterbury Bells. In woods and hedges rare. In gardens frequent. P. July. Auguſt. In gardens the bloffoms frequently grow double, or triple. The whole plant contains a dirty yellow juice.--Cows eat it. Horſes and Goats refuſe it. K BELL- 130 FI V E CHI VE S. Throatwort Glomerata BELLFLOWER. The ſtem fimple, angular. Flowers fit- ting, and forming a head at the end of the ſtem-Leaves oblong cgs Naped ; fitting ; rather blunt ; the lower leaves on leaf-fialks. Bloſſoms blue; reddiſh; or white. Campanula pratenſis flore conglomerato. Ray's Syn: 277. Trachelium minus. Park. 644. Gerard. 449. Leffer Throatwort, or Canterbury Bells. On chalk hills. P. July. Bauh. pin. 94. Venus Hybrida *** Capſules covered by the reflected fegments of the cup, BELLFLOWER. The ſtem with ſtraight and ſtiff branches at the baſe. Leaves ſcolloped and oblong. Cups incorporated and longer than the bloffoms. Capſule priſm- Naped-Blofoms ſhaped purple; deeply divided. Campanula arvenſis erecta, vel fpeculum veneris minus, Park. 1931. Gerard. 439. Ray's Syn. 278. Leffer Venus looking Glaſs. Codded Corn Violet. In cornfields, but not common. A. June. July Ivy-leaved Hederacea BELLFLOWER. The leaves on leaf-ſtalks ; ſmooth; heart. faped; with five lobes. Stem flexible, I loſioms blue. Is not this plant derived from the feedbud of one of the Bellflowers fertilized by the duſt of the Ivy-leaved Speedwell? Campanula cymbalariæ foliis. Gerard. 452. Park. 652. Ray's Syn. 277. Campanula cymbalariæ foliis vel folio hederaceo. Bauh. pin. 93 In moiſt ſhady places. P. May. Auguft. 1 he Sword-grafs Moth, Phalana eafoleta, feeds upon the dif- ferent ſpecies of Bellpower. 87 HONEY ONE POINT AL. 131 87 HONEYSUCKLE. 233 Lonicera. EMPAL. Cup ſuperior; with five diviſions, ſmall. BLOSs. One petal; tubular. Tube oblong; hunched. Border with five diviſions. Segments rolled back- wards, one ſegment more deeply ſeparated than the others. Chives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped; nearly as long as the bloſſom. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud beneath: roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the bloſſom. Summit a blunt knob. S.Vess. Berry with two cells, and crowned with the cup at the top. Seeds. Nearly round, compreſſed. Obs. The Woodbine Honeyſuckle hath the ſegments of the blof- ſom cut nearly to an equal depth and the berries diſtinct. The up- right Honeyſuckle hath the ſegments of the bloſſom cut nearly to an equal depth, and two berries fitting upon the ſame baſe. HONEYSUCKLE with flowers in egg-ſhaped, terminating, Woodbine tiled knobs. Leaves diſtinct-Bloſſoms red on the outſide; yellow. Periclymenum ijh within. Berries red. Caprifolium Germanicum. Ray's Syn. 458. Periclymenum. Gerard. 891. Peryclymenum, five caprifolium vulgare. Park. 1460. Periclymenum non perfoliatum Germanicum. Bauh. pin. 202. In hedges. S. May-July. The varieties are 1. Bloſſoms white. 2. Leaves with yellow ſtripes. 3. Leaves indented like thoſe of oak. 4. Leaves indented and variegated. The beauty and fragrance of its flowers make it a welcome gueſt in our gardens, hedges and arbours. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it Horſes refuſe it. K2 HONEY - 132 FIVE CHI VE S. Upright Xylofcum HONEYSUCKLE with fruit-ſtalks fupporting two flowers; berries diſtinct, leaves very entire; downy-Bloſſoms white. Berries red. Chámæceraſus dumetorum, fructu gemino rubro. Pauh. pin. 451. Upright Alpine Honeyſuckle. Under the Roman Wall, on the weſt ſide of Shewing Sheels in Northumberland. Wallis. p. 149. S. July. In very dry foils it makes good hedges—The clear parts be- tu ixt the joints of the foots are uſed in Sweden as tubes for tobacco pipes --The wood is very hard, and makes excellent teeth for rakes. Goats and Sheep eat it. Cows and Horſes Tefuſe it. The infects that have been obſerved to feed upon the Honey- ſuckles are the Privet Hawk Moth, Sphinx Liguſtri, the brown feathered Moth, Phalana didactyla, the Small Bee Moth, Sphinx tipuliformis, and the many feathered Moth, Phalæna Hexadactyla. 88 BUCKTHORN. 265 Rhamnus. EMPAL. Cup none; except you call the blollom the сар. Eloss. One petal ; funnel-ſhaped ; cloſed at the baſe. Rough outwardly, but coloured within. Tube cy- lindrical; turban-ſhaped. Border expanding; divided; fharp. Five ſmall Scales, one at the baſe of each diviſion of the bloilom, approaching inwards. Chives. Threads as many as there are ſegments in the bloffom; awl-ſhaped; growing upon the bloſſom under the ſcale. Tips ſmall. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summit blunt; divided into fewer ſegments than the bloffom. S.Vess. Berry roundiſh, naked, divided into fewer cells than the bloſſom hath ſegments. SEEDS. Solitary; roundiſh; hunched on one ſide, com- ; preſſed on the other. Ons. In the Alder Buckthorn, the Summit is notched; the Berry bath four feeds, and the bloſſom five clefts. In the Purging Buckthorn the Summit hath four clefis, the Berry hath four feeds, the Bluffum four clefts, and the chives and pointal are upon different plants, BUCK ONE POINT AL. 133 BUCKTHORN. The thorns terminating. The leaves egg- Purging ſhaped; the item upright. Blofſoms with four ſegments ; the Catharticus chives four. The chives and pointal upon diſtinct plants.-- Bloffoms pale green. Berries black. Rhamnus catharticus. Bauh. pin. 478. Ray's Syn. 466. Rhamnus folutivus. Gerard. 1337. Sive fpina infectoria vulgaris. Park. 243. In woods and hedges. S. April. May. A purgative ſyrup is prepared from the berries and kept in the ſhops. about an ounce of it is a moderate doſe; but it generally oecations ſo much fickneſs and griping that it is talling into dif- uſe---the fleſh of birds that feed upon the berries is ſaid to be purgative—the juice of the unripe berries is the colour of ſaffron, and is uſed for ſtaining maps or paper. Theſe are ſold under the name of French Berries - The juice of the ripe berries mixed with alum, is the ſap green of the painters; but if they are ga- thered late in the autumn the juice is purple--the bark affords a beautiful yellow dye. Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it. Cows refuſe it. BUCKTHORN without thorns. Leaves very entire. Alder Chives and pointals in the ſame flower--The inner bark is yellozv; the Frangula outer ſea-green, and the middle bark red as blood. Frangula, feu alnus nigra baccifera. Park. 240. Ray's Syn. 465. Alnus nigra bacifera. Bauh. pin. 428. Alnus nigra five frangula. Gerard. 1469. Black berry bearing alder. Woods and wet hedges. S. April. May. From a quarter to half an ounce of the inner bark, boiled in ſmall beer, is a ſharp purge. In dropfies, or conſtipations of the bowels of cattle, it is a very certain purgative - The berries gathered before they are ripe, dye wool green. The bark dyes yellow. Charcoal prepared from the wood is preferred by the makers of gunpowder-The flowers are particularly grateful to Bees. Goats devour the leaves voraciouſly, and Sheep will eat them. The Brimſtone Butter Fly, Papilio Rhamni, and the Blue Argus, Papilio Argus, live upon both the ſpecies of Buckthorn. K 89 SPINDLE 134 FIVE CHI VE S. 89 SPINDLE. 271 Evonymus. Empal. Cup one leaf, with five diviſions; flat. Segments roundiſh; concave. Bloss. Petals five; egg-ſhaped ; flat; expanding ; lorger than the cup. Gatteridge Europæus Chives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped; upright; ſhorter than the bloſſom; ftanding upon the ſeedbud. Tips double. Point. Seedbud tapering to a point. Shaft ſhort; ſimple. Summit blunt. S. Vess, Capſule fucculent; coloured; with five fides; five angles; five cells and five valves, SEED. Solitary; egg-ſhaped; incloſed in a ſeedcoat, not much unlike a berry. Obs. In ſome ſpecies and in ſome individual frowers there are only four petals ; four chives, &'c. SPINDLE. Bloſſoms for the moſt part with only four petals - greeniſh white. Fruit ang ular, purpliſh; ſometimes rehite. Evonymus vulgaris. Park. 241. Ray's Syn. 468. Evonymus vulgaris granis rubentibus. Bauh. pin. 428. Evonymus Theophraſti. Gerard. 1468. Spindle-tree. Prickwood. Gatteridge-tree. Louſe Berry, In woods and hedges. S. April - May. The berries vomit and purge violently. They are fatal to Sheep. In powder and ſprinkled upon the hair they deſtroy lice---If the wood is cut when the plant is in bloſſom, it is tough and not eaſily broken, and in that ſtate is uſed by watch-makers for cleaning watches, and to make ſkewers and toothpickers. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. Horfes refuſe it. The finall Ermine Moth, Phalana Evonymella. lives upon this ſhrub. 90 CURRANT Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 135 90-CURRANT. 28: Ribes. Emral. Cup of one permanent leaf, with five ſhallow clefts ; diftended. Segments oblong; concave; co- loured; refledied. Bloss. Petals five; ſmall; blunt; upright; growing to the rim of the cup. Clives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped ; upright; ftanding on the cup. Tips fixed fide ways to the threads ; compreſſed; opening at the edges. Point. Seedbud beneath: roundiſh. Shoft cloven. Sum- mits blunt. S.Vess. Berry, globular of one cell; dimpled. Recepta- cles two; longitudinal, lateral, oppoſite. Seeds. Several; roundiſh; ſomewhat compreſſed. CURRANT without prickles ; flowers rather flat; in ſmooth Red pendant bunches--Bloſoms greeniſhy white. Berries red, or white. Rubrum Ribes vulgaris fructu rubro. Gerard. 1593. Ray's Syn. 456. Ribes fručtu rubro. Park. 1561. Groſſularia fylveflris rubra. Bauh. pin. 455. Currants. In woods in the northern counties, Very cominon in gardens. S. May. Variety. 1. Ribes vulgaris fructu dulci. Ray's Syn. 456. Groſſularia vulgaris fructu dulci. Bauh. pin. 455. Sweet Currants. In woods in Yorkſhire and Leiceſterſhire. 2. Ribes fructu parvo. Ray's Sjn. 456. Sinall Currants. In Wimbleton Park, Surry; and many places in Lancaſhire. 3. Gooſeberry leaved Currant. 4. Variegated leaves. The fruit is univerſally acceptable, either as nature preſents it, or made into jelly. The juice is a moſt agreeable acid in punch. The white fruit is ſweeter than the red. If an equal weight of picked Currants and pure fugar is put over the fire, the liquor that ſeparates ſpontaneouſly is a moſt agreeable jelly. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat the leaves. Horſes are not fond of them. This plant is very apt to be infeſted by the Currant Louſe, Apbis Ribes, and then the green leaves become red, pitted and hunched. K4 CURRANT 136 FIVE CHI VE S. O Mountain Alpinum CURRANT without prickles; bunches upright; floral leaves longer than the flowers- Ribes alpinus dulcis. Ray's Syn. 456. Sweet Mountain Currants. In dry hedges in Yorkſhire. S. May. The fruit hath a flat ſweetiſh taſte, and is only agreeable to children. The wood being hard and tough makes good teeth for rakes. Cows, Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it. a Black Nigrum a CURRANT without prickles ; flowers oblong, in hairy bunches-- Buds glandular; Floral Leaves woolly, and as long as the fruit-ſtalks. Leaf-ſtalks a little woolly and glandular. Leaves glandular. Glands very ſmall ; yellow. Ribes nigrum vulgo dictum folio olente. Ray's Syn. 456. Ribes fructu nigro. Park. 1562. Gerard. 1593. Groſſularia non fpinofa fructu nigro. Bauh. pin. 455. Squinancy Berries. Wet hedges and banks of rivers. S. May. The berries have a very peculiar flavour that many people diflike; but their juice is frequently boiled down into an extract, with the addition of a ſmall proportion of ſugar : in this ſtate it is called Rob; and is much uſed in fore throats, but chiefly in thoſe of the inflammatory kind. Some people put them into brandy, for the ſame purpoſe that other people uſe black cher- ries. The tender leaves tinge common ſpirits, ſo as to reſem- ble brandy. An infuſion of the young roots is uſeful in fevers of the eruptive kind; and in the dyſenteric fevers of cattle. Goats and Horſes eat the leaves. All the ſpecies are eaten by the Magpye or Currant Moth, Phalænd groſularia. 91 IVY ONE POIN T A L. 137 91 I VY. 283 Hedera. EMPAL. Fence of the ſimple rundle very ſmall ; with ma- ny teeth. Cup very ſmall, with five teeth ; binding round the feedbud. Bloss. Petals five ; oblong; expanding; bent inwards at the points. Chives. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped ; upright; as long as the bloſſom. Tips fixed fide-ways to the threads ; forked at the baſe. POINT. Seedbud turban-ſhaped; bound round by the Cup. Shaft ſimple ; very fhort. Summit fimple. S. VESS. Berry globular ; with one cell. Seeds. Five ; large ; hunched on one ſide; angular on the other. IVY with fome leaves egg-ſhaped; and others divided into Common lobes-Glofly. Bloſſoms greenish white. Berries black. Helix Hedera arborea. Bauh. pin. 305. Hedera arborea five ſcandens et corymboſa communis. Park 678. Hedera helix. Gerard. 858. In woods and hedges. S. O&tober. 1. The leaves are ſometimes variegated with white or yellow. The roots are uſed by Leather-cutters to whet their knives upon.--Its ever-green leaves adorn our walls and cover tha, naked trunks of trees.-- Apricots and Peaches covered with Ivy during the month of February, have been obſerved to bear fruit plentifully. Philoſ. Tranſ, No. 475.--The leaves have a nau- feous taſté. Haller ſays they are given in Germany as a ſpeci- fic in the Atrophy of children. Common people apply their to Iſſues. The berries have a little acidity. In warm climates a reſinous juice exſudes from the Italks.-Horſes and Sheep eat it. Goats and Cows refuſe it. . 92 KNOT- 138 FIVE CHI VE S. 92 K NOTGRASS. 290 Illecebrum. EMPAL. Cup of five leaves and five angles. The Leaves coloured ; tapering; diſant at the points: per- manent. Bloss. None. Chives. Threads five; hair-like; within the cup. fimple. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped; ſharp; ending in a ſhort cloven Shaft. Summit ſimple; blunt. S.Vess. Capſule roundiſh; tapering at each end; with five valves, and one cell: covered by the cup. Serd. Single ; very large; ſomewhat round but ſharp at each end, cup. Tips - Whorled KNOTGRASS with flowers in naked whorls, and trailing Verticillatum ftems-Bloſoms white. Polygonum ferpyllifolium verticillatuin. Ray's Syn. 160. Polygala repens. Park. 1333. Polygala repens nivea. Bauh. pin. 215. Verticillate Knotgraſs. In wet paſtures in Cornwall. P. July, 93 SALTWORT. 291 Glaux. . EMPAL. None; unleſs you call the bloſſom the cup. Bloss. Petal ſingle; upright ; bell-shaped; permanent: with five blunt Segments, rolled back. Cuivis. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped s upright; as long as the bloſſom. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft thread-ſhaped: as long as the chives. Summit a knob. S. Vess. Capſule globular; tapering ; of one cell and five valves. SEEDS. Five; roundiſh. Receptacle large ; globular ; with hollows where the feeds lie. SALTWORT. ONE POINT A L. $39 SALTWORT. As there is only one known fpecies Linnæus Sea gives no deſcription of it.-The Stems trailing ; jointed. Leaves Maritima fitting. Boſſoms at the baſe of the leaves; purple ; ſometimes greeniſh white; or white; or Atriped. Glaux maritima. Bauh pin. 215 Ray's Syn. 285. Glaux maritima minor. Park. 1283. Glaux exigua maritima. Gerard. 562. Sea Milkwort. Black Saltwort. On the ſea coaſt. P. July. Cows eat it. 94 FLUELLIN. 292 Theſiúm. Empal. Cup one leaf; permanent; turban-ſhaped; with five ſhallow clefts. Segments half ſpear-ſhaped; up- right; blunt. Bioss. None; unleſs you call the Cup a bloſſom, from its being coloured on the infide. Chives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped; inſerted at the baſe of the ſegments of the cup; ſhorter than the сир. . Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath; at the bottom of the cup. Shaft thread-Shaped; as long as the chives. Summit rather thick and blunt. S. Vess. None. The Cup contains the feed in its bot- tom without opening. Seed. Single; ſomewhat round; covered by the cloſing сир. FLUELLIN. The panicle leafy ; leaves ſtrap-ſhaped-Blof- Flax-leaved Linophyllon Linaria adulterina. Gerard. 555. Ray's Syn. 202. Linaria montana flofculis albicantibus. Baub þin, 213. Pſeudo linaria montana alba. Park. 459. Baſtard Fluellin. In high paſtures. P. June. -- July. Soms wbite. 95 FELWORT. 140 FIVE CHI VE S. Order II. Two Pointals. 95 FEL WORT. 321 Swertia. Empal. Cup with five diviſions ; flat; permanent. Seger ments ſpear-ſhaped. Bloss. Petal ſingle. Tube none. Border flat; with five diviſions. Segments ſpear ſhaped, larger than the cup ; connected by the claws. Honey-cups five ; each ; of them like two hollow dots in the inner ſide of the baſe of each ſegment; encompaſſed with ſmall up- right briſtles, Cuives. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped, not quite upright; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips fixed fide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud oblong ; egg-ſhaped. Shaft none. Sum- mits two; fimple. S. Vess. Capſule cylindrical; tapering at each end; with one cell, and two valves, SEEDS. Numerous; ſmall, Marth Perennis FELWORT. The bloſſoms with five ſegments: the root leaves oval. Gentiana paluſtris latifolia. Bauh. pin. 188. Gentiana pennei minor. Gerard. 433, Marſh Gentian. In Wales. P. Auguft. 96 GENTIAN. TWO PONT AL S. 141 95 GENTIAN. 322 Gentiana. Empal. Cup with five diviſions ; fharp; permanent. Seg- ments oblong. Bloss. Petal fingle ; tubular in the lower part; tube cloſe. The upper part with five clefts ; fiat, Ahri- velling; variouſly ſhaped. Chives. Threads five; awl-Shaped ; ſhorter than the bloflom. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud. oblong ; cylindrical; as long as the chives. Shafts none. Summits two ; egg-ſhaped. S. Vess. Capſule oblong; cylindrical ; tapering ; fightly cloven at the end of one cell and two valves. Seeds. Numerous ; ſmall. Receptacles two, each growing length-ways to a valve. Obs. The figure of the fruit is conftant; but the flowers vary in different Species both as to the number and shape of the parts. In one Species the neck of the bloſſom is open, in another it is cloſed with foft hairs. In fome the fegments of the bloſſom are fringed ; in others the border is bell-shaped, upright and plaited. Some have a ſtarry appearance, with ſmall ſegments betwixt the larger ; others are fun- ncl-Shaped, &c. GENTIAN. The bloſſoms with five clefts ; bell-shaped ; Calathian oppofite; on fruit-ſtalks. Leaves ſtrap-ſhaped-Blosſoms blue. Pneumonanthe Gentiana paluſtris anguſtifolia. Bauh. pin. 183. Ray's Syn. 274• Gentiana autumnalis pneumonanthe dicta. Park. 406. Pneumonanthe. Gerard. 438. Calathian Violet. In moiſt paſtures. P. Auguſt. GENTIAN. The bloſſoms with five clefts ; funnel-ſhaped. Centaury Stem forked; pointal fimple-Bloſſoms pale red; ſometimes white. Centauriune Centaurium minus. Bauh. pin. 278. Ray's Syn. 286. Centaurium minus vulgare. Park. 272. Centaurium parvum. Gerard. 547. Leffer Centory. In dry barren paſtures. A. June--Auguſt. This plant is extremely bitter. It is the baſis of the famous Portland Powder, which cures the Gour, when taken in a large quantity, and a long time together ; but it brings on Schirrohty of the Liver, Pally and Apoplexy. A tincture of the leaves and the upper part of the root is a good medicine in Weak Stomachs and Cachectic Habits. A decoction of the whole plant deſtroys Lice, and cures the Itch.--Cows are not fond of it. GENTIAN. 142 FIVE CHI VE S. Autumnal Amarella GENTIAN. The bloſſoms with five clefts ; ſalver-ſhaped ; bearded at the inouth.-Blofonis bluc. Gentianella pratenfis flore lanuginoſo. Bauh. pin. 188. Ray's Syn. 275. Gentianella fugax autumnalis elatior, centaurii minoris foliis, Ray's Syn. 2759 Gentianella fugax minor. Gerard. 437. Fellwort. Dry paſtures. A. July. Auguít. Sheep eat it. Horſes refuſe it. Dwarf Campeftris - GENTIAN. The bloſſom with four clefts; mouth bearded ; -Stem upright; Bloſſom blue ; terminating ; woolly within. Root leaves Spear-ſhaped ; lying on the ground. Chives four. Gentianella fugax verna feu præcox. Ray's Syn. 275. Gentianella alpina verna minor. Bauh. pin. 188. Vernal Dwarf Gentian. Mountaincus paſtures. A. July. Poor people ſometimes uſe it inſtead of Hops. Marſh Filiformis GENTIAN. The bloſſoms with four clefts without any beard. Stein thread-ſhaped ; forked.-Blofoms yellow, funnel- Ihaped ; on long fruit- ſtalks. Chives four. Centaurium paluſtre luteum minimum. Ray's Syn, 286. Marſh Centory In marſhes in Cornwall. A. July. 97 KELPWORT. 311 Salſola. Empal. Cup of five leaves; egg-ſhaped; concave; per- manent. Bloss. None. Unleſs you the bloſſom, Chives. Threads five; very ſhort ; ſtanding upon the leaves of the cup. Point. Sedhud globular. Shaft fhort; with two or three divifons. Sunimits bent back. S. Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped ; of one cell; lapped up call the cup in the cup: SEEDS. Sing e; very large ; fpiral like a fuail Mell. a KELP TWO POINT A L S. 143 KELPWORT. Herbaceous; drooping. Leaves rough; awl. Prickly ſhaped ;, ending in a thorn. Cups at the baſe of the leaves ; Kali with leafy borders — Bloſſoms greeniſh, Kali fpinofum cochleatum. Bauh. pin. 283. Rey's Syn. 159. Tragus feu tragum matthioli. Park. 1024. Tragon Matthioli, feu potius tragus improbus Matthioli. Gerard 959 Prickly Glaſs-wort. Cows, Horſes, Goats, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. KELPWORT. An upright flirub; with thread-ſhaped blunt Upright leaves. - Fruticoſa Blitum fruticoſum maritimum, vermicularis frutex di&tum. Ray's Syn. 156. Sedum minus fruticoſum. Bauh. pin. 284. Vermicularis frutex minor. Gerard. 523. Vermicularis fruticoſa altera. Park. 731. Chenopodium fruticofum. Hudſon. 93. Shrub Stone-crop or Glaſs-wort. On the ſea-ſhore. S. Auguft. 3 9S BLITE. 309 Chenopodium. Empal. Cup five leaves ; concave; permanent. Leaves egg-ſhaped ; concave; membranaceous at the edges. BLOSS. None. Chives. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped; as long as the leaves of the cup and ſtanding oppoſite to them. Tips roundifh ; double. Point. Seedbud round and flat. Shaft ſhort; divided. Sununits blunt. S. VESS. None. The Cub cloſes upon the feed ; hath five fides ; five compreſſed angles, and falls off when the feeds are ripe. SED. Single; round; depreſſed. Oes. In ſome fpecies the Shaft hath three clefts. # Leaves 144 FIVE CHI V E S. * Leaves angular. Mercury BLITE. The leaves triangular; nearly arrow-ſhaped; very Bonus Henricus entire. Flowers in compound ſpikes, not leafy; growing at the baſe of the leaves.-Little Spikes alternate; ſitting. Flowers congregated; fitting. Leaves quaved at the edge; the ribs of the leaves ſprinkled with a ſoapy mealineſs. Bloſſoms greeniſh white. Blitum perenne, bonus henricus dictum. Ray's Syn. 156. Bonus henricus. Gerard. 329. Lapathum unctuoſum. Park. 12 25. Lapathum Sylveftre latifolium ; feu unctuoſum folio triangulo. Bauh. pin. 115. Common Engliſh Mercury. All-good. Among rubbiſh : on road-ſides. P. Auguſt. The young ſhoots peeled and boiled, may be eaten as ſpa- ragis, which they reſemble in flavour. They are gently laxa- tive. The leaves are often boiled in broth. The roots are given to Sheep that have a Cough.-- Goats and Sheep are not fond of it. Cows, Horſes and Swine refuſe it. T'pright Urbicum Coofefoot Rubrum BLITE. The leaves triangular; a little toothed: flowers crowded in very ſtiff, ſtraight, and long bunches lying cloſe to the ftemlopjoms pale green. Chenopodium ere&um, foliis triangularibus dentatis, fpicis e foliorum alis plurimis, longis, erectis, tenuibus. Ray's Syn. 155. Among rubbiſh. A. August. Sepr. Goats and Sheep eat it. Horſes and Cows refuſe it. BLITE. The leaves triangularly heart-ſhaped ; toothed ; ra- ther blunt. Bunches of flowers upright; compound; fome- what leafy ; ſhorter than the item. Spikes congregated, fitting : with little ſtrap-Maped leaves intervening : red when ripo. Leaves thick ; Shinin. Stems drooping and preſſed down to the ground. Blitum pes anferinus, acutiore folio. Ray's Syn. 154. Atriplex fylveftris latifolia acutiore folio. Bauh. pin. 119. Atriplex ſylveſtris latifolia altera. Gerard. 328. Sharp-leaved Gooſe-foot. On dung-hills and among rubbiſh. A. Auguſt. BLITE. The leaves egg-ſhaped ; toothed; ſhining ; ſharp. Bunches of flowers branching; naked -Stem upright ; Fruit in a Cart of panicle ; green or reddiſh. Blitum pes anterious dictum. Ray's Syn. 154. Atriplex fylveſtris latifolia. Bauh. pin. 119. Pes anſerinus. Gerard. 328. Park. 749. 1. There is a variety with trailing items and indented leaves. Common Gooſe-foot, or Sow Bane. In gardens and amongst rubbiſh. A. Auguft. Cows eat it; but it is ſaid to be poiſonous to Swine. Sowbane Murale BLITE. TWO POIN T A L S. 145 BLITE. The leaves triangularly ſpear-ſhaped; indented and Autumnal toothed; wrinkled ; ſmooth ; unitorm. Bunches of flowers ter- Serotinuna ininating-Stem five or ſix feet high; very much branched; forvering late in the year. Leaves pale green ; reſembling thoſe of the follow- ing ſpecies but broader. Blitum ficus folio. Ray's Syn. 155. Late Flowered Blite. On dung-hills and amongſt rubbiſh. A. AuguſtSeptember. BLITE. The leaves betwixt triangular and diamond-haped; Orach gnawed at the edges ; entire at the baſe. Upper leaves oblong; Album bunches of flowers upright-Little Spikes alternate; fitting ; crowded. The whole plant is white when fully grown. Seed black. Blitum atriplex ſylveſtre dictum. Ray's Syn. 154. Atriplex folio finuato candicante. Bauh. pin. 119. Atriplex ſylveſtris vulgatior finuata major. Park. 748. Atriplex vulgaris. Gerard. 326. 1. There is a variety with a roundiſh leaf. Ray's Syn. 155. Common Orache. Gardens, dung-hills. Amongſt rubbiſh. A. Auguſt. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horſes refuſe it. Swine are extremely fond of it. BLITE. The leaves diamond-ſhaped ; indented and tooth- Green ed. Flowers in branching and ſomewhat leafy bunches.-Stem Viride upright; green; but rather purpliſh at the angles. Branch Leaves Spear-ſhaped ; very entire ; with one or two tceth. The Cup of the fruit with five elegantly Marp angles, Chenopodium foliis integris racemoſum. Ray's Spn. 155. 1. There is a variety with a thicker and blunter leaf. Ray's Syn. 156. In gardens and cultivated places very common. A. July- Auguſt. Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it. BLITE. The leaves heart-ſhaped, but tapering at the an- Maple leaved gles. Flowers in branching naked bunches.--Did not this plant Hybriduin originate from the feedbuds of the Green Blite, impregnated by the duft of the White-flowered Thorn-apple? Chenopodium ftramonii folio. Ray's Syn. 154. Common on dung-hills and amongſt rubbiſh. A. Auguſt. Cows and ſheep eat it. Horſes, Goats and Swine refuſe it...... L 98 BLITE. 146 FIVE CHI V E S. Oak-leaved Glaucum BLITE. The leaves oblong; egg-Shaped ſerpentine at the edges. Flowers in naked, fimple, congregated bunches.- Chenopodium anguſtifolium laciniatum minus. Ray's Syn. 155. Amongit rubbiſh. A. Auguft. Cows and Hories eat it. * * Leaves entire. Stinking Vulvaria BLITE. The leaves very entire; betwixt diamond and egg- . Maped. Flowers congregated ; at the baſe of the leaves. Blitum fætidum vulvaria dictum. Ray's Syn. 156. Atriplex olida. Gerard. 327. Atriplex olida, five ſylveſtris ſætida. Park. 749. Atriplex fætida. Bauh. pin. 119. Stinking Orache. Road-fides, old walls. A. Auguft. From its rank fætid ſmell it hath got the reputation of being an Antihyſteric.-Cows. Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. Swine refuſe it. The Sword-graſs Moth, Phalana Exfoleta, is found upon this ſpecies. All-feed BLITE. The leaves very entire; egg-ſhaped ; Stem trail Polyfpermum ing. Flowers in forked naked tufts, at the baſe of the leaves• Chenopodium betæ folio. Ray's Syn. 157. Blytum Polyſpermum. Bauh. pin. 118. Park. 753. Round Leaved Blite. Gardens. Dunghills. A. Cows and Sheep eat it. Goats and Horſes refuſe it. It is a moſt grateful food to fiſh. Sea BLITE. The leaves awl-ſhaped, ſemi-cylindrical.-Seeds Maritimum gloſſy: Blitum Kali minus album di&tum. Ray's Syn. 156. Kali minus. Gerard. 535. album. Park. 749. Kali minus album ſemine ſplendente. Bauh. pin. 289. White Glaſs-wort. Common on the ſea-ſhore. A. Auguft. This is an excellent pot-herb.—The Spotted Buff-moth. Phalena Lubricipeda, feeds upon moſt of the ſpecies of Blite. 99 BEET. TWO PO I N T A L S. 147 310 Beta. 99 BEET. Empal. Cup of five leaves ; concave ; permanent; Leaves oblong egg-ſhaped ; blunt. BLOSS. None. Cuives. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped; as long as the leaves of the cup and ſtanding oppoſite to them. Tips nearly round. Point. Seedbud in a manner below the receptacle. Shafts two; very ſhort ; upright. Summits acute. S. Vess. Capſule in the bottom of the cup ; of one cell.: ſoon falling off. SEED. Single; kidney-ſhaped ; compreſſed ; lying in the ſubſtance of the baſe of the cup: ; BEET. The flowers collected into little balls. Leaves of the Common cup toothed at the baſe - Stem upright ; leaves horizontal. Root Vulgaris red. Beta rubra vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 118. Beta alba ; Gerard. 318. Beta communis, ſeu viridis. Ray's Syn. 157. In gardens, and on the ſea-coaſt. About Nottinghain plen- tifully. B. Auguit. The Gardiners produce ſeveral varieties by cultivation, viz. the yellow, the green, the red, and the turnip-rooted red. The root of the red Beet is uſed as a pickle, and is ſometimes eaten boiled. It is alſo employed to improve the colour of Claret. The white Beet is a pot-herb, but it is now almoſt ba- niſhed from our tables, being too infipid, and is never uſed at all but in conjunction with Onions and other ſavory vegetables. The juice or powder of the root taken up the noítrils, excites ſneezing, and occaſions a conſiderable diſcharge of mucus.- Mr. Margraff found that a good ſugar may be obtained from the juice of the freſh roots by the methods practiced abroad for preparing it from the Sugar-cane. BEET. With flowers in pairs-Stems drooping. This differs Sea from the common Beet in fovering the firſt year; in the leaves Maritima growing oblique or vertical; in the leaves of the cup being equal, and not toothed. Beta fylveftris maritima. Bauh. pin. 157. Park. 750. Beta rubra. Gerard. 318. On the ſea-coaſt, common. B. Auguft. L2 100 RUPTURE- 148 FIVE CHI VE S. T 100 RUPTUREWORT. 308 Herniaria. EMPAL. Cup of one leaf; with five diviſions ; ſharp ; ex- panding; coloured within ; permanent. BLOSS. None. Cuves. Threads five ; awl ſhaped : ſmall; within the fegments of the cup. Tips ſimple. There are five other threads without tips, alternating with the feg- ments of the cup. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft hardly any. Summits two; tapering; as long as the ſhaft. S. Vess. Capſule ſmall; at the bottom of the cup; co- vered ; ſcarcely opening. SEED. Solitary ; egg-ſhaped but tapering; ſhining. Oes. In one of the foreign species there are only four chives and four ſegments in the cup. RUPTUREWORT. Smooth--Bloſoms yellowiſh. Herniaria. Gerard. 569. Ray's Syn. 160. Polygonum minus ſeu millegrana major. Bauh. pin. 281. Millegrana major, feu Herniaria vulgaris. Park. 446. In gravelly foil. A. July. It is a little faltiſh and aftringent. It increaſes the ſecretions by the kidneys. The juice takes away Specks in the Eye. Cows, Sheep and Horſes eat it. Goats and Swine refuſe it. Sitooth Glabra Rough Hirſuta Sea RUPTUREWORT. Rough with hair-Bloſſoms greeniſlo yellow. Herniaria hirſuta. Ray's Syn. Toi. la gravelly foil; not common. A. July-Auguft. RUPTUREWORT. With ſome ſmall roundish leaves; and flowers in terminating bunches-- Greenifl white. Polygonum maritimum longius radicatum noftras ſerpy Hifolio circinato craffo nitente Ray's Syn, 161. Polygonum minus lentifolium. Tauh. pin. 282. Polygonum minus monſpelienſe. Park. 445. On the ſea-ſhore. P. Auguit. Lenticulata IOIEL M. TWO POINT AL S. 149 101 EL M. 316 Ulmus. Empal. Cup one leaf; turban-ſhaped; wrinkled; perma nent. Border with five clefts; upright; coloured on the inſide. BLOSS. None. Cuves. Thread's five; awl-ſhaped ; twice as long as the Tips with four ſurrows; upright ; fhort. Point Seedbud round and flat; upright. Shafts two; : reflected ; ſhorter than the chives ; Summits downy. S. Vess. Berry oval; large ; not pulpy; compreſſed and membranaceous. Seed. Single ; ſomewhat globular, but a little com- preſſed. cup ELM. With doubly ferrated leaves ; unequal at the baſe-. Common The flowering buds are beneath the leafy buds. Flowers in very ſhort Cainpeftris broad-topped ſpikes. Bark of the trunk cracked and aurinkled. Ulmus vulgatiffima folio lato ſcabro. Gerard. 1480. Ray's Syn. 45, a Ulmus campeſtris et Theophraſti. Bauh. pin. 426. 1. Leaf broad and ſmooth. Bark finooth. Ulmus glabra. Hudſon. 95. Gerard. 1481.- Park. 1404. Ray's Syn. 469. Broad-leaved Elm. 1. Wych Hazel. In hedges. S. April. 1. The leaves of both are ſubject to be broader or narrower and variegated with white or yellow ſtripes. A decoction of the inner bark drank freely hath been known to carry off the water in Droplies.--It cures the Lepra icthyoſis Sauvagefii. Lettſom's Medical Memoirs. Sect. 3:- The bark dried and ground to powder, hath been mixed with meal in Norway to make bread, in times of ſcarcity.—The flowers have a violet ſmell. The wood being hard and tough, is uſed to make axle- trees, mill-wheels, keels of boats, chairs and coffins. The tree is beautiful, and well adapted to make ſhady walks, and it does not deſtroy the graſs, and its leaves, are acceptable to Cows, Horſes, Goats, Sheep and Swine ; for this purpoſe it ſhould be grafted upon the Wych Hazel, and then the roots will not ſend out fuckers, which the common Elm is very apt to do, and give a great deal of trouble to keep the ground clear of them.-It loves an open ſituation, and a black or clayey foil. It bears to be tranſplanted. The great Tortoiſe-Sell Butterfly, Papilio po- lychloros-Comma Butterfly, Papilio c. album-Spotted Buff Moth, Phalana lubricipeda.-Emperor Moth, Phalana Pavonia. Spotted Elm Moth, Phalana betularia-Creamſpot Tyger Moth, L 3 Pbalena - 150 FI V E CHI VE S. Phalana vellica—Elm Bug, Cime» ulmi-Fine ſtreaked Bugkin, Cimex ſtriatus-Elm Frog-hopper, Cicada Ulmi, and the Elm Louſe, Aphis Ulmi, are found feeding upon the Elm-tree: the latter generally curl up the leaves ſo as to make them a ſecure ſhelter againſt the weather. 102 ERYNGO. 324 Eryngium. EMPAL. Common Receptacle conical ; florets fitting ; fe- parated by chaff. Fence of the receptacle flat; of many leaves, longer than the florets. Cup of five leaves ; upright ; Tharp ; longer than the bloſſom ; fitting on the ſeedbud. Bloss. General, uniform ; roundiſh. Florets all fertile. Individuals of five oblong petals; with the points bent inwards towards the baſe ; and contracted by a line running length-ways. Curves. Threads five; hair-like; ſtraight; longer than the florets. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud beneath ; rough with hair. Skafts two ; thread-ſhaped ; ſtraight ; as long as the chives. Sum- mits ſimple. S. Voss. Fruit egg-ſhaped ; diviſible into two parts. SEEDS. Oblong; cylindrical. Obs. In ſome ſpecies the feeds fall out of the feed-veſſel; in others they continue incloſed within it. Sea ERYNGO, The root leaves nearly circular ; plaited; thorny; Maritimum Flowering heads on fruit-ſtalks. Chaff with three points—Petals cubitiſh, or blue. Eryngium maritimum. Bauh. pin. 386. Eryngiuin marinum. Gerard. 1162. Park. 986. Ray's Syn. 222. Sea Holly. On the ſea-ſhore. P. July-Auguft. The leaves are ſweetiſh, with a light aromatic warmth and pungency. The roots are ſuppoſed to have the ſame aphrodiſiac virtues as the bulbous roots in the twentieth Claſs. They are kept in the ſhops, candied. The young flowering ſhoots eaten like ſparagus are very grateful and nouriſhing. ERYNGO. TWO PO IN T A L S. 151 ERYNGO. The root-leaves embracing the ſtem ; ſpear. Common ſhaped ; but a little winged. Fence awl-Shaped ; longer than Campelire the flowering head-Petals blue; fometimes white, or yellowiſh. Eryngium vulgare. Ray's Sin. 222. Eryngium mediterraneum. Gerard, 1162, Eryngium mediterraneum, feu campeſtre. Park. 986. On the ſea-coaſt. By the ſide of Watling-ſtreet near a village called Brook-hall not far from Daventry in Northamptonſhire. P. July. August. 103 PENNYWORT. 325 Hydrocotyle. Rundle Simple. EMPAL. Fence frequently of four leaves; ſmall. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General ; uniform in figure, but not in ſituation. Florets all fertile. Individuals ; of five petals, egg- ſhaped ; ſharp; entire; expanding. Chives. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips very ſmall. Point. Scedbud beneath ; upright; compreſſed; round; the fruit-ſtalks fixed to its centre ; Shafts two ; awl- ſhaped ; very ſhort. Sunimit fimple. S. VESS. None. Fruit compreſſed ; round; diviſible croſs-ways into two parts. Seeds. Two; compreſſed ; in the ſhape of a half moon. a a PENNYWORT, The leaves with central leaf-ſtalks. About Marth five flowers in a rundle-Petals reddiſh white. Vulgaris Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Ray's Syn, 222. Cotyledon paluſtris. Gerard. 529. Park. 1214. Ranunculus aquaticus cotyledonis folio. Bauh. pin. 180. White-rot. In marſhy grounds. P. May. The Fariners ſuppoſe it occaſions the Rot in Sheep. (See BUTTERWORT.) L4 104 SANICLE, 152 FIVE CHI VE S. 104 S ANICLE. 326 Sanicula. Rundle with very few ſpokes ; (generally four.) Rundbets with many ſpokes crowded into heads. Empal General Fence going half way round on the outer fide. Partial Fence going quite round; ſhorter than florets. Cup fcarcely perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. The Florets in the centre barren. Individuals ; petals five, compreſſed ; bent inwards fo as to cloſe the flower. O Cuves. Threads five; fimple ; upright; twice as long as the petals. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath; rough with ſtiff hairs; Shafts two ; awl-ſhaped; reflected, Summits ſharp. S. Vess. None. Fruit egg-ſhaped ; ſharp; rough ; di- yiding into two. SEEDS. Two. Convex and prickly on one ſide; flat on So the other. European Europaa SANICLE. The root-leaves funple. Florets all fitting-Pe- tals whitiſh. Leaves dark-green, and ſhining: Sanicula officinarum. Bauh. pin. 319. Sanicula ſeu diapenſia. Gerard. 948. Ray's Syn. 221. Sanicula vulgaris, five diapenſia. Park. 532. In woods and hedges. P. May-June. A French proverb ſays, "He who is poffeffed of Bugle and " Sanicle, may diſmiſs his Surgeons;" but modern practice gives no countenance to ſuch an affertion. The leaves are ſlightly bitter and aftringent. Sheep eat it. Goats are not fond of it. Horſes refuſe it. 105 MADNEP ZIDI TWO POINT AL S. 153 105 M A DNE P. 345 Heracleum. Rundle very large; conſiſting of numerous flat Rundlets. EMPAL. General Fence of many leaves; ſhedding. Partial Fence going half way round on the outer fide. Leaves from three to ſeven; betwixt ftrap and ſpear-ſhaped ; the outer leaves longer than the reſt. Cup but faintly marked. Bloss. General; unequal, irregular in its ſhape. Florets nearly all fertile. Individuals; in the center; of five equal petals, bent and hooked inwards; notched at the end. In the circumference; of five unequal petals. The outer ones largeſt, with the deepeſt notches; hooked; oblong. Cuives. Threads five; longer than the petals. Tips ſmall. Point Seedbud beneath ; fomewhat egg-ſhaped. Shafts two; ſhort; near together. Summits ſimple. S.Voss. None. Fruit oval, compreſſed; notched ; ſco- red in the middle each way. Seeds. Two; egg-ſhaped, compreſſed; with a leafy edge. Obs. In ſome ſpecies the florets in the circumference have only poina tals without chives, and produce feeds; the central florets have chives without pointals and are barren. In the Cows Madnep the florets have all chives and pointals. The general fence is ſometimes alto- gether wanting. In the two Britiſh Species the florets in the center are compoſed of unequal petals as well as thoſe in the circumference. MADNEP. The little leaves with winged clefts; ſmooth, Cous Florets uniformn-White or tinged with red; all fertile. Sphondylium Sphondylium. Gerard. 100g. Ray's Syn. 205. vulgare. . . Sphondylium vulgare hirſutum. Bauh. pin. 157. 1. There is a variety with larger and more jagged leaves. Park. 953 Park. 953 Cow Parſnep In hedges, very common. B. July. In Poland and Lithuania, the poor people prepare a liquor from the leaves and feeds; which undergoes a fermentation, and is drank inſtead of ale—The ſtalks when peeled, are eaten by the Camſchatkians-The Ruſſians take the leaf-ftalks of the root-leaves, peel them, and hang them in the ſun to dry a little; then they tye them in little bundles, and hang them up again 'till they become yellow: in this ſtate they put them into bags, and a meally fubitance like fugar forms upon the ſurface of them. This 154 F IV E CHI V E S. This they ſhake off, and treat their gueſts with it as a great de cacy. They likewiſe diſtill an ardent ſpirit from it. Gmelin. Silir. 1. p. 214. the peelings of the ſtalks are acrid--The leaves are a favourite food of Rabbits and Hogs. Cows, Goats and . Sheep eat them, but horſes are not fond of them. Jagged MADNEP. The little leaves ſtrap ſhaped and ſlender, four Anguſtifolium at each joint of the leaf-ſtalk. Florets uniform—White, or greeniſh. Sphondylium hirſutum, foliis anguſtioribus. Bauh. pin. 157. In hedges. P. July. 352 Oenanthe 106 DROP WORT. Rundle with few ſpokes. Rundlets with many very ſhort fpokes. Empal. General Fence of many leaves; fimple; ſhorter than the rundle. Partial Fence of many leaves; ſmall. Cup with five awl-ſhaped teeth; permanent. Bloss. General ; irregular; unequal. Florets in the cir- cumference barren. Individuals; in the center fer- tile; petals five; nearly equal; heart-ſhaped but bent inwards. In the circumference with five petals ; large ; unequal; bent inwards; cloven. Chives. Threads five; ſimple. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; awl-ſhaped; per- manent. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit nearly egg-haped; crowned with the cup; diviſible into two parts. Seeds. Two; ſomewhat egg-ſhaped; convex on fide; ſcored ; flat on the other; toothed at the point. Obs. In this genus the cup is more evident than in the other plants whoſe flowers grow in rundles; and the general fence is often want. ing in ſome of the ſpecies. DROPWORT. Sending forth fuckers. Stem leaves winged ; thread-ſhaped; hollow—The firſt rundle is cloven into three parts; the others into many; ſo that the plant changes its appearance cons- derably in the courſe of the ſummer. Petals white. Oenanthe aquatica. Bauh. pin. 162. Ray's Syn. 210. Oenanthe paluſtris, ſeu aquatica. Park. 895. Filipendula aquatica. Gerard. 1060. In ponds and ditches, frequent. P. July. Cows and Horſes refuſe it: though from experiments made on purpoſe, it does not appear to be in the leaſt degree noxious to the former, DROP- one Water Fiſtuloſa TWO POINT AL S. 155 DROPWORT. All the leaves with numerous blunt and Hemlock nearly equal clefts—Stem yellowiſh red. Some leaves winged; but Crocata more doubly winged. The little leaves wedge-Shaped ; ſmooth; ſtreaked; jagged at the edges. Fruit-ſtalks angular ; ſcored. General Fence not always preſent. Petals white ; ſharp; bent inwards. Tips purple or brown. General bloſſom not very unequal. Oenanthe cicutæ facie lobelii. Park. 894. Ray's Syn. 210. Oenanthe chærephylli foliis. Bauh. pin. 162. Filipendula cicutæ facie. Gerard. 1059. Deadtongue. Banks of rivers. P. June. The whole of this plant is poiſonous, and Dr. Poultney re- marks, that the root is the moſt virulent of all the vegetable poiſons that Great Britain produces. many inſtances of its fatal effects are recorded; for which, and for an elegant engraving of it ſee Martyn's Philof. Tranf. v. 10. p. 772. Allo vol. 50. p. 856. See alſo Gent. Mag, for July 1747, for March 1755 and for Septem- ber 1758.-An infuſion of the leaves, or three teaſpoonfuls of the juice of the root taken every morning, effected a cure in a very obſtinate cutaneous diſeaſe ; but not without occafioning very great diſturbances in the conſtitution. Philoſ. Tranſ. v. 62. p. 469.—Sheep eat it. Cows and Horſes refuſe it. DROPWORT. The root leaves with wedge-ſhaped clefts. Pimpernel Stem leaves entire; ſtrap-ſhaped ; channelled: very long-Stem Pimpinelloides about fix inches high; angular. Rundle irregular. General and partial fence like arul-Shaped briſtles. Petals white; not quite equal. Oenanthe apii folio. Bauh. pin, 162. In flow ſtreams, ponds and ditches. P. June. 107 PRICKLENEP. 329 Echinophora. Rundle of many ſpokes : The intermediate ones ſhortet. Run:llets of many florets; thoſe in the center fitting. EMPAL. General Fence of ſeveral ſharp leaves. Partial Fence turban-ſhaped ; of one leaf, with fix clefts, ſharp; unequal. Cup very ſmall; with five teeth; permanent. Bloss. General ; irregular in its ſhape and unequal. Flo- rets which have only chives, barren. Central florets fertile. Individuals of five unequal petals, ſtanding open. Chives. Threads five; ſimple. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath ;' oblong; involved in the fence. Shafts two; fimple. Summits ſimple. S.Vess. None; but inſtead thereof the fence grows hard and ſharp pointed and includes the ſeed. Seed. Single; oblong egg-ſhaped. 00 PRICKLENEP 156 FIVE CHIVES. Marine Spinofa PRICKLENEP. The little leaves very entire : awl-Shaped and terminating in a thorn- Petals white; or reddiſh. Echinophora maritima fpinofa. Ray's Syn. 220. Crithmum maritimum fpinofum. Bauh. pin. 238. Crithmum maritimum fpinofum, feu paſtinaca marina. Park. 1286. Crithmum fpinofum. Gerard. 533. Prickley Sampire. Sea Parlnep. Sea coait. P. July, 108 HENSFOOT. 331 Caucalis. Rundle, unequal; of very few ſpokes. Rundlets unequal, with more fpokes; the five outermoſt of which are the longeſt. EMPAL. General Fence with the leaves undivided; ſhort ; membranaceous at the edges; betwixt egg and ſpear- ſhaped; equal in number to the rays of the rundle. . Partial Fence with leaves ſimilar to the foregoing; longer than the ſpokes; generally five in number. Cup with five teeth, ſtanding out. Bloss. General ; irregular in its ſhape, and unequal. Florets in the center barren. Individuals in the cen- ter, without pointals; ſmall; petals five; equal; heart ſhaped, but bent inwards. In the circum- ference, with both chives and pointals. Petals five; heart-ſhaped; bent inwards; the outermoft the largeſt, and cloven. Cuves. Threads hair-like; five in every floret. Tips ſmall. Point. Seedbud beneath: in the florets of the circum- ference oblong and rough. Shafts two; awl-ſhaped. . Summits two ; blunt; expanding. S.Vess. Fruit oblong egg-thaped; ſcored lengthways; rough with briftly hairs. Şeeds. Two ; oblong;, flat on one ſide, convex on the other; armed with a wl-ſhaped prickles placed along the ſcores. 31 HENSFOOT TWO POINT AL S. 157 HENSFOOT. The general fence for the moſt part wanting. Fine-leaved Rundle cloven Partial Fence of five leaves. Leptophylla Caucalis arvenfis echinata, parvo flore et fructu. Bauh. pin. 152. Caucalis tenuifolia purpurea. Fine leaved Baſtard Parſley. In cornfields. A. July. Park. 920. HENSFOOT. The general rundle cloven into three parts. Broad-leaved Rundlets with five feeds. Leaves winged; ferrated--Blofoms Latifolia pale rcd. Tordylium latifolium. Hudſon. 98. Berkenhout. 77. Caucalis arvenſis echinata latifolia. Bauh. pin. 152. Ray's Syn. 219. Caucalis apii foliis, flore rubro. Gerard. 1021. Echinophora arvenſis latifolia purpurea. Park. Purple flowered great baſtard Partley. In cornfields. A. June-July, Park. 9202 109 CARROT. 333 Daucus. . Rundle of many ſpokes: flat during the continuance of the bloſſoms, but afterwards concave and ap- proaching. Rundlets ſimilar to the foregoing. EMPAL. General Fence of many leaves; as long as the rundle; the leaves ſtrap-ſhaped with winged clefts. Partial Fence more ſimple; as long as the rundlet. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, irregular in its ſhape and unequal. Florets in the center barren. Individuals with five petals; heart-ſhaped but bent inwards; the outermoft petal the largeſt CHIVES. Threads five; hair-like. Tips fimple. POINT. Seedhud beneath; ſmall. Shafts two; reflected. Summits blunt. S.VESS. None. Fruit egg-ſhaped; diviſible into two; generally beſet with inflexible hairs. SEEDS. Two; ſomewhat egg-fhaped; convex and rough with hairs on one ſide; flat on the other. CARROT 158 F IV E CHI VE S. I Wild Carota CARROT. The ſeeds rough with ſtrong hair's. Leaf-talks ſtringy on the underſide—Petals white, or purpliſh. The central floret is often red, and brings forth a feed to all appearance perfect ; thougb Linncus ſays the central florets are barren, Daucus vulgaris. Ray's Syn. 218. Paſtinaca tenuifolia ſylveſtris. Bauh. pin. 155. Gerard. 1928, Park, 902. Birds Neft. albo Varieties are, 1. Yellow and white rooted Carrot. Ray's Syn. 218. Tob 2. Red rooted Carrot. Ray's Syn. 218. 3. Marine, ſhining, fine, leaved Carrot. Ray's Syn. 218. In fields, common. Cultivated in gardens. B. June. July. This in its cultivated ſtate is the well known Garden Carrot, whoſe roots are eaten either boiled or raw. When raw, they are given to children troubled with worms. They ſeem to paſs through moſt people but little changed - they are a grateful food to all kind of cattle, and well worthy of a more general cultiva- tion for the purpoſe of the farmer. Crickets are very fond of Carrots, and are eaſily deſtroyed by making a paſte of powdered arſenic, wheat meal and ſcraped Carrots, which muſt be placed near their habitations. A poultice made of the roots, hath been found to mitigate the pain, and abate the ſtench of foul and cancerous ulcers. The feeds have been ſometimes uſed as diure- tics and carminatives, 2 si od und soreld World . Wenload bunda Logg inn 110 HART TWO POINT AL S. 159 110 HARTWORT. 330 Tordylium. Rundle unequal; of many ſpokes. Rundlets unequal, of many parts; very ſhort; lat. EMPAL. General Fence: the little leaves flender; undi- vided; frequently as long as the rundle. Partial Fence going half way round; outwardly longer than the rundlet. Cup with five teeth. Bloss. General, irregular in its bape and unequal. Florets all fertile. Individuals in the center, with five equal petals; heart-ſhaped but bent inwards. In the circumference; like the others; but the outermolt petal which is the largeſt deeply divided. Chives. Threads hair-like; five in every foret. Tips . fimple. Point. Seedbud beneath: in all the florets, roundiſh. Shafts two; ſmall. Summits blunt. S.Vess. Fruit roundiſh; almoſt flat; a little ſcolloped at the edge; divifble into two parts. SEEDS. Two; roundiſh; almoſt flat; but raiſed and ſcok- loped at the edge. Ors. This genus differs from the Hensfoot principally in the florets being all fertile. HARTWORT. The rundles crowded ; little leaves betwixt Hedge egg and ſpear-ſhaped, with winged clefts--- General fence of many Anthriſcus leaves; fimple and regular. Sometimes of only one leaf. Stem ſet with ſtiff Sharp hairs, which are bent dozunwards and contiguous to the ſtem. Petals not very unequal; white : reddiſh beneath. Caucalis minor, flofculis rubentibus. Gerard. 1022. Ray's Syn. 219 Caucalis minor, flore rubente. Park. 921. Caucalis ſemine afpero, fofculis rubentibus. Bauh. pin. 153. Caucalis anthriſcus. Hudſon. 99. 1. General fence of only one leaf. Caucalis fegetum minor, anthriſco hifpido fimilis. Ray's Syn. 220. Caucalis arvenlis. Hudſon. 9?. Hedge Parſley, 1. Small Corn Parſley. In hedges, common. B. Auguft. Horſes are extremely fond of it. HART. 160 FIVE CH I V E S. Knotted Nodoſum HARTWORT. Rundles fimple; fitting. Seeds rough on the outer fides.- Caucalis nodoſo echinato femine. Bauh. pin. 153. Gerard. . 1022. Park. 921. Ray's Syn, 220. Knotted Parſley. Cornfields. A. May. 111 HARESTRONG. 339 Peucedanum. . Rundle of many very long, ſlender ſpokes. Rundlets ex- panding. Empal. General Fence of many leaves; ftrap-ſhaped, ſmall, ; reflected. Partial Fence, fill ſmaller. Cup with five teeth; very ſmall. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets in the center barren. Individuals; petals five; equal; oblong; entire; bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; hair-like. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud beneath : oblong. Shafts two; ſmall. Summits blunt. S.VESS. None. Fruit egg-ſhaped ; diviſible into two; ſcored on each fide, encompaſſed round by a mem- branaceous border. Seeds. Two; oblong egg-ſhaped ; compreſſed; convex on one ſide and marked by three riſing ridges; bound round by a broad flat membrane; notched at the end. Fennel-leaved Officinale HARESTRONG with leaves five times divided into threes; thread and ſtrap-ſhaped--Petals yellowiſh. Peucedanum. Gerard. 1054. Ray's Syn. 206. Germanicum. Dauh. pin. 146. Peucedanum vulgare. Park. 82o. Hogsfennel. Sulphurwort. Salt marſhes. P. June. The roots have a ſtrong fætid finell, and an acrid, bitteriſh, unctuous taſte. Wounded in the ſpring they yield a confidera- ble quantity of yellow juice, which dries into a gummy refin and retains the ſtrong ſmell of the root. Its virtues have not yet been aſcertained with any precilon. HART TWO POINT AL S. 161 HARESTRONG. The little leaves with winged clefts ; Meadow ſegments oppoſite. General fence of two leaves—Petals yellow ; Silaus white on the outſide. Seſeli pratenſe noftras. Park. 905. Ray's Syn. 216. Saxifraga anglica facie ſeſeli pratenfis. Gerard. 1047, Seſeli caruifolia. Hudſon. 106. Meadow Saxifrage. Meadowes and moiſt paſtures. P. Auguft. 112 HEMLOCK. 336 Conium Rundle of many ſpokes ; expanding. Rundlets the ſame. Empal. General Fence of many leaves; very ſhort ; une- EMPAL qual. Partial Fence the ſame. Cup Cup hardly percepti- ble. Bloss. General, uniform. Individuals; Petals five; une- qual; heart-ſhaped but bent inwards. Chives. Threads five ; fimple. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; reflected. Sum- mits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit nearly globular; with five ſcol- loped ridges; diviſible into two parts. Seeds. Two; convex on one ſide; almoſt hemiſpherical; ſcored; flat on the other ſide. Oes. The Partial Fence conſiſts of one leaf, divided into three parts. HEMLOCK. The feeds ſcored -Stems and branches Spotted Spotted with brorun or black. Petals white. Maculatum Cicuta major. Bauh. pin. 160. Cicuta. Gerard. 1061. Ray's Syn. 215. Cicuta vulgaris major: Park. 933. 1. There is a variety with finer diviſions in the leaves. Kex. In hedges, orchards, and amongſt rubbiſh. P. June-July. The whole plant is poiſonous, and many inſtances are record- ed of its deleterious effects; but modern experience hath proved it to be leſs virulent than was formerly imagined. Dr. Storck of Vienna was the firſt who ventured to give it internally in conſiderable quantities, and from his account of its good effects in a variety of caſes, particularly in cancers and ſchirrus tumours, it hath been very generally employed in this kingdom. He di- reets an extract to be prepared from it by evaporating the ex- preſled juice over the fire, and then adding a fufficient quantity of the powdered leaves to form it into pills. He generally gave M from 162 FIVE CHIVES. from two to twelve grains for a doſe, but fome have taken it in much larger quantities. By the accounts from Vienna, the ex- pectations of the world were raiſed to a very high pitch; and, as is then generally the caſe, theſe expectations have been dif- appointed; fo that after a very extenfive application of it for ſeveral years, it is now likely to be entirely diſregarded, as a medicine of little or no uſe. Perhaps, however, the truth will be found to lie in the medium betwixt the two opinions. Many reaſons may be afligned to ſhew that it hath yet undergone but an imperfect trial; fome of which I ſhall beg leave to mention. it. The Wild Cicely, or Cow-rwoed, hath often been gathered inſtead of the intended plant; and it is not improbable but other plants may have been likewiſe miſtaken for it, for inany of the Rundle-bearing or Umbelliferous Plants are ſo much alike, that it requires more ſkill in Botany to diſtinguiſh them, than we can ſuppoſe the common collectors of medicinal plants to poffefs. They know plants that they have been taught to collect and to diſtinguiſh, but this was one that had never before been in re- queſt. After ſome time, however, the ſpots upon the ſtalks were pointed out as a criterion, and then there was lefs probability of miſtakes. 2dly. The ſeaſon of its higheſt perfection hath never yet been ſufficiently aſcertained. Some ſuppoſe it ought to be gathered juſt as its bluffoms open, others ſay nor till the ſeeds are forming; but even theſe ſuppoſitions have been too little attended to. 3dly. Perhaps the plants of this natural order have their pro- perties more changed by foil and ſituation, than thoſe of any other natural order ; yet this circunſtance hath been entirely diſregarded 4thly. No vegetable that is uſed in medicine is more liable to ferment than this. I have ſeen it, when collected in a bag and carried only two miles on horſeback, heat and ferment to ſuch a degree, that the yield of extract was much leſs than uſual and the properties of it greatly impaired. 5thly. At its firſt introduction it was very common to take only the clearer part of the expreſſed juice, and to throw away the feculencies. Whenever this is done, the medicine is ſpoiled. 6thly. Too little attention hath been given to the degree of heat applied during the evaporation. Many things loſe their pe- culiar properties when expoſed to more than the heat of boiling water, and others are greatly changed even by that. Many reaſons may be alledged to prove that Hemlock is one of theſe. When further experience bath pointed out the beſt ſeaſon for gathering the plant, and in what loils and ſituations it poflefles the greateſt virtues, I believe a medicine much more eficacious than that commonly uſed, may be obtained by attending to the following directions. Let TWO POINTAL S. 163 a а Let ſeveral people he employed to gather the plant; and as faſt as it is cut, let others carry it in hand baſkets to the preſs; but it muſt lie light and looſely in the baſkets. Let the juice be immediately ſqueezed out; and as faſt as it runs from the preſs, it muſt be put over the fire, and boiled 'till three parts out of four of the whole liquor is waſted. Then it muſt be put into water bath, and evaporated to the conſiſtence of honey. If it is now taken and ſpread thin upon a board or marble ſlab, and expoſed to the fun and the air, it will ſoon be of a proper con- fiſtence to be formed into pilis. From five to ten grains of this extract is a proper doſe; few conſtitutions will bear more with- out experiencing diſagreeable effe&ts. Such a medicine as this I believe will be found an uſeful addi- tion to our materia medica: not that I have ſeen it cure cancers either in an ulcerated ſtate or otherwiſe, but I have never given it without a mitigation of pain and an amendment of the dif- charge. Dr. Fothergill in the 3d vol. of the Medical Obſerva- tions, hath given us a variety of caſes to which I can with plea- fure refer the reader, as they perfectly correſpond with my own experience in a pretty extenſive hoſpital practice for ſeveral years paſt. Dr. Butter uſes it in the chincough; but I have had no opportunity of trying it in that diſeaſe. After all it may be ſaid, that it acts merely as a narcotic, and only effects what ſmall doſes of opium will do, in a leſs diſagreeable manner. But 'till further experience gives a ſanction to this opinion it muſt not be too haſtily adopted; and if it ſhould prove at laſt that it is only a narcotic, ſurely there are many caſes in which a narco- tic that does not occaſion coſtiveneſs is preferable to one that does. Sheep eat the leaves ; Horſes, Cows and Goats refuſe them. Thruſh feed upon the ſeeds. There is a good engraving of this plant in the Gent. Mag. 1762. p. 273, a M 2 113 PIGNUT. 164 FIV E CHI VE S. od 3 113 PIGN UT. 335 Bunium Rundle with fewer than twenty ſpokes. Rundlets very ſhort; crowded. Empal. General Fence of many ſtrap-ſhaped ſhort leaves. Partial Fence briftly; as long as the rundlet. Cup hardly diſcernible. Bloss. General uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals; petals five; equal; heart ſhaped, bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; fhorter than the petals; Tips fimple. Point, Seedbud beneath: oblong. Shafts two; Shafts two; reflected. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit egg-ſhaped; diviſible into two parts. Sreds. Two; egg-ſhaped; convex on one ſide; flat on forts the other. ' Juego PIGNUT. As there is only one fpecies known Linnæus Bulbocaitan ün gives no defcription of it-The Leaves winged. Roots bulbous. Petals white. Bulbocaſtanum. Ray's Syn. 209. Bulbocaſtanum majus, folio apii. Pauh. pin. 162. Bulbocaſtanum majus et minus. Gerard, 1065. Nucula terreſtris major. Park. 893. Earth Nut. Kipper Nut. Hawknut. Jurnut. In orchards and paſture. P. May-June. Bulbous-rooted - The roots eaten either raw or boiled are very little inferior to Cheſnuts, and would be an agreeable addition to our winter delerts. 114. SPIGNEL, TWO PO IN TAL S. 165 114 SPIG NE L. 338. Athamanta Rundle of many ſpokes, expanding. Rundlets with fewer och fpokes. Empal. General Fence of many itrap-ſhaped leaves ; a lit- tle ſhorter than the ſpokes. Partial Fence ſtrap-ſhaped; as long as the ſpokes, Cup not diſcernible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals ; petals five; heart-ſhaped; bent inwards ; nearly equal. Cuives. Threads five; hair-like; as long as the petals. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath, Shafts two; diſtant, Summits blunt. ca S.Vess. None. Fruit oblong Fruit oblong egg-ſhaped; ſcored; di- vilble into two parts. Seeds. Two; egg-ſhaped; convex and ſcored on one fide, flat on the other. VVHOTOT - SPIGNEL. The leaves doubly winged, flat. Rundles in Mountain form of half a globe. Seeds rough with hair--Leaf-ſtalks a little Libanotis compreſſed, and channelled betwixt the little Leaves. Shafts purple. Stem about two feet high, with ſtrongly marked angles ; unequally furrowed; generally fimple and rather ſmooth ; bending a little to- wards the top. Leaves ſmooth on the upper ſurface, pale and full of weins beneath ; ſearce fenfibly hairy at the edges. Petals white Apium petreum, feu montanum album. Ray's Son. 219. Daucus montanus apii folio albicans. Bauh. pin. 157. Mountain Stone Parſley. Dry paſtures. P. Auguſt September, Sheep and Swine eat it. Cows refuſe it. SPIGNEL, The little leaves hair-like: feeds ſcored; ſmooth Common - Petals white. Mcum Meum foliis anethi. Bauh. pin. 148. Meum. Gera d. 1052. Ray's Syn. 207. vulgatius. Park. 888. Meu. Bald or Bawd-money. On hilly paſtures. P. May. The roots and ſeeds are aromatic and acrid. They have been uſed as ftomachics and carminatives. Sometimes they are given to cure the tertian ague; and there is no doubt but they will of ten anſwer as well as pepper and other adrid aromatics. M 3 115 THOROUGH. 166 FIVE CHI V E S. 115 THOROUGHWAX. 328 Bupleurum. Rundle with fewer than ten ſpokes. Rundlets with about ten upright expanding ſpokes. Emral. General Fence of many leaves. Partial Fence larger; of five leaves; the leaves expanding; egg-ſhaped ; ſharp. Cup not diſcernible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals; petals five; very ſhort; entire; rolled inwards. Chives. Threads five; fimple. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; refleđed; ſmall Summits very ſmall. S.Vess. None. Fruit roundiſh; compreſſed; ſcored; diviſible into two. SEEDS. Two; oblong egg-ſhaped; convex and ſcored on one fide; flat on the other. oto Round-leaved THOROUGHWAX without any general fence. Leaves Rotundifolium perforated-Smooth; bluiſh green. Petals yellowiſhs. Bupleurum perfoliatum rotundifolium annum. Ray's Syn. 221. Donale Perfoliata vulgaris. Gerard. 536. Park. 580. Perfoliata vulgatiffima, ſeu arvenſis. Bauh. pin. 272. In cornfields. A. July. Fine leaved THOROUGHWAX. The rundles fimple; alternate; with Tenuiffimum five leaves, and about three florets -Stem very much branched. Branches alternato. General Fence of three ſhort leaves. Partial Fence with ſhort briſtle-ſhaped leaves. Rundles at the baſe of the leaves. Leaves ſtrap-ſhaped ; Marp; Petals yellowiſh.no Bupleurum minimum. Park. 587. Ray's Syn. 221. Bupleurum anguſtiſſimo folio. Bauh. pin. 278. Leaſt Hares Ear. Conto In paſtures, not common, A. July-Auguſt, A. July-Auguft . THOSE 10 - good 90 116, KEX, TWO POINT AL S. 167 116 K E X. 348 Sium. Rundle various in various ſpecies. Rundlets flat and expanding. Empal. General Fence of many reflected leaves; ſhorter than the rundle. The leaves fpear-ſhaped. Partial Fence of many leaves; ftrap-ſhaped; ſmall. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals petals five; equal; heart-ſhaped; bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; fimple. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud beneath: very ſmall. Shafts two; re- flected. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit roundiſh, egg--ſhaped ; ſcored ; ſmall; diviſible into two. Seeds. Two; nearly egg ſhaped; convex and ſcored on one fide; flat on the other, Obs. The general fence in the Creeping Kex is often wanting. KEX with winged leaves and terminating rundles--Little Greater leaves ferrated. Petals white. Latifolium Sium latifolium, foliis variis. Ray's Syn. 211. Sium latifolium. Bauh. pin, 154. Sium majus latifolium. Gerard. 256. Sium dioſcoridis, ſeu paſtinaca aquatica major. Park. 1240. Great Water Parſnep. In rivers and fens. P. July-Auguft. Horſes and Swine eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. The roots are noxious to cattle. KEX with winged leaves, and rundles on fruit-ſtalks at the Leſſer baſe of the leaves. General fence with winged clefts—Leaves Anguſtifo- halberd-ſhaped at the baſe. Rundles oppoſite to the leaves. lium Sium majus anguſtifolium. Gerard. 256. Sium minus alterum. Park. 1241. Sium five apium paluſtre foliis oblongis. Bauh. pin. 154. Ray's Syn. 211. Sium erectum. Hudſon. 103. Upright Water Parſnep. Ditches and rivulets. P. June. It certainly poſſeſſes active properties that ought to be enquired into. M4 KEX 168 FIVE-CHIVES. Creeping Nodifiorum KEX. With winged leaves and rundles fitting, at the baſe, of the leaves—The general fence is feldom preſent, Petals white, Sium umbellatum repens. Gerard, 256, Ray's Syn. 211. Creeping Water Partnep. In rivers and ditches, common. P. July. Auguſt, 117 SAMPHIRE. 340 Crithmum. Rundle of many ſpokes; hemiſpherical. Rundlets the fame. Empal. General Fence of many leaves. The Leaves ſpear- ſhaped; blunt; refle&ed. Partial Fence betwixt fpear and ſtrap-ſhaped; as long as the rundlet. Cup hard- ly perceptible. Bloss. General; uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals; petals five; egg-fhaped; bent inwards; nearly equal, Cuives. Threads five; fimple; longer than the petals, Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two ; refle&ed. Sum, . mits blunt. S. VESS. None. Fruit oval; compreſſed; diviſible into two. Seeds. Two; oval; flat, but ſomewhat compreſſed; ſcored on one ſide. Sea SAMPHIRE. The little leaves fleſhy; ſpear-ſhaped--- Petals Maritimum yellow. Crithmum marinum. Gerard. 553. Ray's Syn. 217, Crithinum ſeu fæniculum marinum minus. Bauh pin. 288. Crithmum marinum vulgare. Park. 1286. On the ſea coaft. P. Auguſt, Shakeſpear, ſpeaking of Dover cliffs, remarks the growth of ſamphire. “Come on fir, here's the place --fland ſtill. How fearful ** And dizzy 'tis to caſt one's eyes fo low! 6. The crows and chows, that wing the midway air, “ Shew ſcarce fo grofs as beetles. Half way down “ Hangs one that gathers ſamphire; dreadful trade ! ” KING LEAR. Poor people on the ſea coast cat it as a pot-herb. It is very generally uſed as a pickle. 218 LOVAGE TWO PONT AL S. 169 118 LOVAGE. 346 Liguſticum. Rundle of many ſpokes. Rundlets the fame. Empat, General Fence of ſeven unequal membranaceous leaves. Partial Fence of about four membranaceous leaves. Cup of five teeth; but hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals; petals five; equal; flat; entire; rolled inwards, and keel-ſhaped on the inſide. Chives. Threads five; hair-like; ſhorter than the petals, Tips fimple. Point, Seedbud beneath. Shafts two ; ſtanding cloſe together. Summits ſimple. S.Vess. None, Fruit oblong; angular; with five fur- rows : diviſible into two. Seeds. Two; oblong; gloſſy; marked on one ſide with five ridges; flat on the other, LOVAGE. With doubly threefold leaves — Petals white. Parſlev Liguſticum fcoticum apii folio. Ray's Syn. 214. Scoticum Scottiſh Sea Parſley, On clifts on the ſea fhore; not coinmon. B. July. This plant is much valued in the iſle of Sky. The root is reckoned a good carminative, and an infuſion of the leaves is thought a good purge for calves. It is beſides uſed as food; either raw, as a fallad; or boiled as greens. Pennant's Tour. 1772. P. 310. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows refuſe it. . LOVAGE. The leaves doubly compound; jagged. Root- Saxifrage leaves ſpear-ſhaped , very entire; growing by threes.- Cornubienic Smyrnium tenuifolium noftras. Ray's Syn. 209. tab. 8. Cornwall Saxifrage. 1. In Cornwall. P. July, 119 ANGELICA 170 FIVE CHI VE S. 119 ANGELICA. 347 Angelica. Rundle of many ſpokes; nearly globular. Rundlets exactly globular. EMPAL. General Fence ſmall; of three or five leaves. Parti- al Fence ſmall; of eight leaves. Cup with five teeth ; hardly diſcernible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals; petals five; ſpear-ſhaped, rather flat; but a little ent inwards; ſhedding. Chives. Threads five; fimple; longer than the petals. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; reflected. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit roundiſh; angular; ſolid; divi- fible into two. Seeds. Two; egg-ſhaped; flat on one ſide and encom- paſſed with a border; convex on the other ſide, with three furrowed lines. VOLT Obs. In the Wild Angelica the general fence is often wanting. ANGELICA. Little leaves all alike; betwixt egg and ſpear- ſhaped : ferrated-Petals greeniſh white. Angelica ſylveſtris. Gerard. 940. Ray's Syn. 208.but Angelica ſylveſtris major. Bauh pin. 145. In woods and wet hedges. P. June. July, It is warm, acrid, bitter and aromatic; but the ſpecies culti- vated in our gardens poſſeſſing theſe properties in a higher degree, this hath been long neglected. Cows, Goats and Swine eat it. Horſes refuſe it. The Royal William or Swallow-tailed Butterfly. Papilio Machaon is found upon this plant. Wild Sylveſtris 999. Park. 120 HONEWORT. TWO POINT AL S. 171 120 H ONE WORT. 349 Sifon. Rundle unequal; with fewer than ſix ſpokes. Rundlets unequal, with fewer than ten ſpokes. EMPAL. General Fence of four leaves; unequal. Partial Fence the fame. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals ; equal; of five petals ; ſpear-ſhaped; flat, but a little bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; hair-like; as long as the petals. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud beneath; nearly egg-ſhaped. Shafts two; reflected. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit egg-lhaped; ſcored; diviſible into two. Seeds. Two; egg-ſhaped; convex and ſcored on one fide, and flat on the other. HONEWORT. With winged leaves and upright rundles-- Hedge Terminating. Petals white. Amomum Sifon quod amomum officinis noſtris. Bauh pin. 154. Siſon vulgare, vel amomum germanicum. Park. 914. Sium aromaticum ſue fiſon officinalis. Ray's Syn. 211. Petroſelinum macedonicum fuchſii. Gerard. 1016. Baſtard Stone Parſley. In woods and moiſt hedges. P. Auguft. September. The ſeeds are a mild warm aromatic. They give out their a virtues to rectified fpirit, and tincture it green. HONEWORT. With winged leaves and nodding rundles-- Corn Petals white. Segetum Sium arvenſe, five ſegetum. Ray's Syn, 211. Selinum fi foliis. Gerard. 1o1S. Selinum ſegetale. Park. 932, . Corn Parſley. In cornfields and hedges in clay lands. B. July. HONEWORT. With creeping ſtems and cloven rundles- Marſh The leaves above the water winged; but thoſe beneath the ſurface Inundatum more finely divided. Sium pucillum. Ray's Syn. 212. Leaft Water Parſnep. 221 CICELY 172 FIVE CHI VE S. 121 CICELY. 355 Æthuſa. Rundle expanding; the inner ſpokes gradually ſhorter, and thoſe in the center the ſhorteſt of all. Rundlets ſmall; expanding. Empal, Partial Fence with three or five leaves; going half way round upon the outerſide, ſtrap-ſhaped; very long; pendant, Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, nearly uniform. Florets all fertile. Indi- viduals; petals five, unequal, heart-ſhaped, but bent inwards. Cuves. Threads five; ſimple. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; reflected. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit roundiſh, egg-ſhaped; ſcored; di- viſible into two. Seeds. Two; roundiſh, ſcored : on one ſide, which is about a third part, flat, DAS Solar Hogs CICELY. As there is only one fpecies known Linnæus Cynapium gives no deſcription of it-The Stem furrowed, branched, Leaves winged, ſmooth, glolly. Petals whitiſh. Seeds very large. Cicutaria tenuifolia. Gerard. io63. Ray's Syn, 215. Cicuta minor feu fatua. Park. 933. Cicuta minor petroſelino fimilis. Bauh pin. 160. Fools Parfley. Leffer Hemlock. In cornfields and gardens. A. Auguft-September, This plant, from its reſemblance to common Parſley, hath ſometimes been miſtaken for it, and when eaten it occaſions fick- neſs. If the curled-leaved Parſley only, was cultivated in our gardens, no ſuch miſtakes would happen in future. Cows, Horſes, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. It is noxious to Geeſe. GO SOT 122 CORIANDER TWO POINTALS: 173 122 CORIANDER. Coriandrum. 356. Rundle of few ſpokes. Rundlets of many. General Fence for the moſt part abfent; but fometimes there is a fingle leaf. Empal. Partial Fence of three ſtrap-ſhaped leaves, going half way round. Cup with five teeth ; ſtanding out. Bloss. General ; irregular in its ſhape and unequal. Florets in the center barren. Individuals; of the cen- ter with both chives and pointals; petals five; equal ; heart-ſhaped, but bent inwards. Individuals of the circumference with both chives and pointals. Petals five; heart-ſhaped but bent inwards; the outermoſt the largeſt and deeply divided; thoſe on each ſide of it have large ſegments. Chives. Threads five; fimple. Tips roundiſh. . Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; diſtant. Summits in the florets of the circumference roundiſh. S.Vess. None. Fruit globular; diviſible into two. Seeds. Two; hemiſpherical: concave. CORIANDER. With globular fruit.-Petals white. Cultivated Coriandruin. Gerard. 10:2. Ruy's Syn. 221. Sativum Coriandrum majus. Bauh pin. 158. vulgare. Park. 918. Road fides and dunghills. A. June. The leaves have a ſtrong diſagreeable ſmell. The ſeeds are tolerably grateful when dry. The Edinburgh College uſe them as correctors in the bitter infufion and the preparations of ſenna, for nothing ſo effectually covers the diſagreeable taſte of that medicine. Confectioners incruſt the ſeeds with ſugar. They have been conſidered as ſuſpicious if not deleterious, but I have known fix drams of them taken at once, without any remarkable effect. 123 SHEPHERDS. 174 FIVE CHI VEST 123 SHEPHERDSNEEDLE. 357 Scandix. Rundle long; with few ſpokes: Rundets with more. Ge- neral Fence wanting. EMPAL. Partial Fence of five leaves; as long as the rund- lets. Cup not diſtinguiſhable. Bloss. General; irregular in its ſhape and unequal. Florets in the center barren. Individuals; petals five; heart- ſhaped, bent inwards; the inner ones ſmall; the outer ones larger. Chives. Threads five; hair-like. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath: oblong. Shafts two; awl-ſhap- ed; diftant; permanent; as long as the ſmalleſt pe- tal. Summits in the unequal florets, blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit awl-ſhaped; very long; diviſible into two. Seeds. Two; awl-ſhaped ; convex and furrowed on one fide; flat on the other. Obs. In the firſt ſpecies the jeeels are thread-ſhaped, hiding a kernel at the baſe. Common SHEPHERDSNEEDLE. The ſeeds with an exceeding long Pecten Veneris bill-Petals white. Scandix ſemine roſtrato vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 152. Ray's Syn. 207. Scandix vulgaris, ſeu pecten veneris. Park. 916 Pecten veneris, ſeu ſcandix. Gerard. 1040. Venus comb. Crake needle. Corn fields. A. June. July. Chervil SHEPHERDSNEEDLE. The feeds ſhining; egg-ſhaped Cerefolium below, but awl-ſhaped upwards. Rundles lateral ; fitting.– Petals white. Seeds black. About four ſpokes in each rundle. Flo- rets all fertile. Chærophyllum ſativum. Bauh pin. 152. Cerefolium vulgare ſativum. Gerard. 1038. Common chervil. Meadows and rich ground. A. May. It is cultivated in our gardens as a pot-herb, and for ſallads. It is flightly aromatic and aperient. Cows are extremely fond of it. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horſes refuſe it. SHEPHERDSNEEDLE. TWO POINT AL S. 175 SHEPHERDSNEEDLE. The ſeeds egg-ſhaped ; covered Hemlockleaved with ſtrong hairs. Florets uniform. Stem ſimooth—Petals white. Anthriſcus Myrrhis ſylveſtris feminibus afperis. Bauh. pin. 160. Ray's Syn. 220. Myrrhis fylveſtris neapolitana atque etiam anglicana. Park. 935 Cerefolium, five myrrhis nova equicolorum columnæ. Gerard. 1038. Small Hemlock Chervil with rough feeds. Cornfields, road-fides ; very common. A. May-June. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. 124 COW- W E ED. 358 Chærophyllum. Rundle expanding. Rundlets with nearly the ſame num- ber of Spokes. EMPAL. General Fence, none. Partial Fence of about five leaves ; ſpear-ſhaped ; concave ; reflected; nearly as long as the rundlets. Cup not diſcernible. Bloss. General, pretty uniform. Florets in the centre ge- nerally barren. Individuals; petals five; heart-ſhaped; bent inwards, flattiſh ; with a ſharp point bending ; inwards ; the outermoſt petals rather the largeſt. Chives. Threads five; ſimple as long; as the rundlet. Tips roundiſh. Point POINT. Seedbud beneath ; Shafts two; reflected. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit oblong egg-ſhaped ; taper; ſmooth; diviſible into two. Seeds. Two; oblong; growing ſmaller upwards. Con- vex on one ſide, flat on the other. Oes. The ſeeds in the center are often barren. COW-WEED. The ſtem ſmooth; ſcored ; with crooked Wild ſwelled joints - Petals entire ; flat; white. Fruit-ſtalks cylindrical. Sylveſtre Outer leaf of the partial fence much larger than the reft. Cicutaria vulgaris. Ray's Syn. 207. Cicutaria alba Lugdunenfis. Gerard. 1038. Myrrhis ſylveſtris. Park. 935. Seminibus lævibus. Bauh. pin. 160. Wild Cicely. In hedges. A. May. June. The roots eaten as Parineps have been found poiſonous. The rundles afford an indifferent yellow dye; the leaves and ſtalks a beautiful green. Its preſence indicates a fertile and grateful foil. Neither Horſes, Sheep or Goats are fond of it. Ccws and Swine refute it. COW. 176 2 FIVE CHI VE S. Chervil COW-WEED. Stem rough ; with crooked ſwelled joints- Tenulum Rundles before Aowering drooping. Stem but little furrowed; mark- ed with purple Spots, and fit with white hairs which ſtand out. Rundlets in the center barren. Petals very white. Cherophyllum ſylveſtre. Bauh. pin. 152. Cherefolium ſylveſtre. Gerard. 1038. Park. 915. Ray's Syn. 20. Wild Chervil. Common in hedges. A. July-Auguſt. Cows and Sheep refuſe it. 1 25 WATERWORT. 353 Phellandrium. Rundle with many fpokes. Rundlets the ſame. General Fence none. EMPAL. Partial Fence of ſeven leaves ; ſharp; as long as the rundlet. Cup of five teeth ; permanent. Bloss. General ; nearly uniform. Florets all fertile. In- dividuals ; unequal. Petals five; tapering; heart- ſhaped; bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; hair-like; longer than the pe- tals. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbiit bencath: Shafts two; awl-ſhaped ; up- right; permanent; Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit egg-ſhaped ; ſmooth; crowned with the cup and the pointals; diviſible into two parts. Seeds. Two ; egg-ſhaped ; ſmooth. Oes. The fiorets in the center are ſmaller than the others. Skeleton WATERWORT, with the branchings of the leaves ftrad- Aquaticum dling-Stem very thick, hollow, ſcored, Petals wbite. . Phellandrium vel cicutaria aquatica quorundam. Ray's Syni. 215- Cicutaria paluſtris. Gerard. 1063. Cicutaria paluſtris tenuifolia. Bauh. pin. 161. Water Hemlock. Rivers, ditches, pools. B. June. The feeds are recommended in Intermmittent Fevers.--The leaves are ſometimes added to diſcutient Cataplaſms—It is gene- rally eſteemed a fatal poiſon to Horſes, occationing them to be- come paralytic; but this effect is owing to an iniect, (Curculio paraplečticus) which generally inbabits within the ſtems. The utual antidote is pig dung. In the winter the roots and item, ciffected by the influence of the weather, afford a very curious ſkeleton or net work.-Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine are not fond of it. Cows refuſe it. The black Chryfo- mela, Chryſomela Phellandria, and the Gilt Leptura are found upon the roots, and the Curculio paraple&ticus within the ſtems. 126 COW. TWO POINT AL S. 177 3 126 COWBANE. 354 Cicuta. Rundle roundiſh, with many equal ſpokes. Rundlets roundiſh with many briſtle-ſhaped ſpokes. Empal. General Fence none. Partial fence of many leaves; little leaves brilly ; ſhort. Cup ſcarcely evident. Bloss. General; uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals; petals five; egg-ſhaped ; nearly equal; bent inwards, Chives. Threads five ; hair-like ; longer than the petals. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud beneath; Shafts two ; thread ſhaped ; longer than the petals; permanent. Summits roundith. S. Vess. None. Fruit nearly egg-ſhaped ; ſlightly fur- rowed ; diviſible into two. Seeds. Two ; ſomewhat egg-ſhaped; convex and ſcored on one ſide, flat on the other. COWBANE, with rundles oppoſite the leaves. Leaf-ſtalks with Water blant borders--Leaves with about ſeven pair of little leaves, which Virofa are variouſly divided and indented. Petals yellowiſh pale green. Sium alterum oluſatri facie. Gerard. 256. Ray's Syn, 212. Sium majus alterum anguſtifolium. Park. i 241. Sium erucæ folio. Bauh. pin, 154. Long-leaved Water Hemlock. In ſhallow waters. P. July, This is one of the rankeſt of our vegetable pojíons. Nu- merous inſtances are recorded of its fatality to the human ſpecies in Wepfer's Treatiſe, and in the Enum : Stirp. Hely. p. 436. (See alſo an account of its deleterious effects, and an elegant en- graving of it in Martyn's Philoſ. Tranſ. vol. 10.) Early in the spring when it grows in the water, Cows often eat it and are killed by it; but as the ſumıner advances and its ſmell b comes ſtronger, they carefully avoid it. Though a certain and fatal poiſon to Cows, Goats devour it greedily and with impunity, Horſes and Sheep eat it with ſafety. N 13; ALEX- 178 FIVE CHI VES. 127.ALEX ANDERS. 363 Smyrnium. Rundle unequal; daily increaſing. Rundlets upright. Fences none. Empat. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets in the centre barren. Individuals ; petals five; ſpear-ſhaped; keeled on the under-ſide ; ſlightly bent inwards. Chives. Threads five; fimple; as long as the petals. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; fimple. Summits two ; fimple. S. Vess. None. Fruit nearly globular; ſcored ; diviſible into two. SEEDS. Two; crefcent-ſhaped ; convex on one ſide and marked with three angles : flat on the other. O ALEXANDERS. The ſtem leaves growing by threes; on leaf-ſtalks ; ſerrated-Sheaths of the leaves ragged and fringedi Partial fence very short. Petals greeniſh white. Smyrnium. Ray's Syn. 208. Hippoſelinum. Gerard. 1019. Hippoſelinum ſeu Smyrnium vulgare. Park. 930. Hippoſelinum Theophraſti, ſeu Smyrnium dioſcoridis. Bauh. pin. 154. Upon rocks on the ſea-coaſt, and about Nottingham. B. May-June. It was formerly cultivated in our gardens, but its place is how better ſupplied by Celery.al Common Olufatrum 128 CARAWAY, TWO POINT AL S. 179 128 CAR AWAY. 365 Carum. Rundle with ten ſpokes; long, and oftenunequal. Rundlet's crowned. Fences none ; or only one leaf for the gene- ral fence. EMPAL. Cup hardly perceptible. BLOSs. General; uniform. Florets in the center barren. Individuals ; unequal. Petals five ; unequal; blunt ; heart-ſhaped; bent inwards at the end. Chives. Threads five; hair-like; as long as the petals ; ſhedding. Tips very ſmall; roundiſh. . Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; very ſmall. Sum- . mits ſimple. 19 troish yo lavo S. Vess. None. Fruit oblong. egg-ſhapeds ſcored ; di- viſible into two. basist Seeds. Two; oblong; egg-ſhaped ; convex on one ſide and ſcored. Flat on the other. CMOS atal borut Obs. Some of the forets in the center have neither Chives nor Pointals... si non led Location on issord CARAWAY. As there is only one ſpecies known, Linnæus Aromatie gives no deſcription of it.--The Leaves doubly wingede Rundles Carui terminating. Petals white. tabung beblon body Carum, feu careum. Gerard. 1034. Ray's Syn. 213. Cuminum pratenſe carui officinatum. Bauh. pin. 158w In meadows and gardensa si B. May-June. Tid Parkinſon ſays, the young roots are better eating than Parf- nips--The tender leaves may be boiled with pot herbs --The feeds are uſed in cakes; incruſted with ſugar as tweet-meats, and diſtilled with ſpirituous liquors for the ſake of the flavour they afford.The ſeeds were formerly recommended by Diofcorides to pale faced girls, and in more modern days their uſe in that cafe is not forgotten. They are no deſpicable remedy in Tertian Agues. They abound with an eſſential oil, which is antiſpaſmodic and carminative.—Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Cows and Horſes are not fond of it. Ovo 57: CDI The 1) Soola on and insubotom od 1981 boy bugs by N% 129 PARSNEP, 3 CH 10 :80 FIVE CHI VE S. 129 PARSNE P. 362 Paſtinaca. Rundle of many ſpokes ; flat. Rundlets of many ſpokes. Fences none. Empal. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals ; petals five; ſpear-ſhaped ; entire; rolled inwards. Chives. Threads five; hair-like. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two ; reflected. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit oval; Fruit oval; compreſſed and flat; di- viſible into two. SEEDS. Two; oval; nearly flat on each ſide; bound round with a border. toldo 3 a Cultivated PARSNEP, with ſimply winged leaves.-Little leaves fer- Sativa rated. Petals yellow. Paſtinaca fylveſtris latifolia. Bauh. pin. 155. Ray's Syn. 206. Prítinaca latifolia ſylveſtris. Gerard. 1025. Park. 944. 1. There is a variety occaſioned by cultivation in which the leaves are broader. ATTA Paſtinaca latifolia fativa. juin Wild Parſnep. 1. Garden Parfnep. que SA Ploughed fields and gardens. B. July. The roots when cultivated, are ſweeter than Carrots and are much uſed by thoſe who abſtain from animal food in Lent : They are highly nutritious. In the North of Ireland they are brewed, inſtead of Malt, with Hops, and fermented with Yeaſt. The liquor thus obtained is agreeable. The feeds contain an eſſential oil; and will often cure Intermittent Fevers---Hogs are fond of the roots and quickly grow fat with them. 130 FENNEL. 364 Anethum. ha Rundle of many ſpokes. Rundlets the ſame. Fences none. EMPAL. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General ; uniform. Florets all fertile. Individtals; petals five, rolled inwards; entire ; very ſhort, Chives. Threads five; hair-like. Tips roundiſh. . Point. Seedbud beneath ; Shafts two; placed cloſe to- gether, but not very diſcernible. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit nearly egg-ſhaped; compreſſed ; ſcored ; diviſible into two. SEEDS. Two; ſomewhat egg ſhaped ; convex and ſcored on one ſide ; flat on the other, FENNEL TWO POINT AL S. 181 FENNEL. The fruit egg-ſhaped-Leavs divided into numer. Common ous Nender thread-Maped ſegments. Petals yellow. Faniculum Fæniculum vulgare. Park. 884. Gerard. 1032. Ray's Syn. 217. Fæniculum vulgare germanicum. Bauh. pin. 147. 1. There is a variety cultivated in gardens, Sweer Fennel Fæniculum dulce. Bauh. pin. 147. Finckle. 1. Fennel. On chalk-hills. 1. In Gardens. B. Auguft. The tender buds are uſed in ſallads-The leaves are commonly preſented at table as ſauce to filh-The ftalks are blanched in Italy for winter uſe—The ſeeds abound with an eſſential oil, which is carminative and diuretic, but not heating.–The Royal William or Swallow-tail Butterfly, Papilio machaon feeds upon it. 131 GOUTWEED. 368 Ægopodium. Rundle of many ſpokes: convex : Rundlets the ſame, but flat. Fences none. Empal. Cup hardly difcernible. BLOSS. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals; petals five; inverſely egg-ſhaped ; equal; concave ; bent inwards at the point. Chives. Threads five ; fimple ; twice as long as the pe- tals. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath ; Shafts two; fimple ; upright; as long as the petals. Sunimits roundilli. S. Vess. None. Fruit oblong egg-ſhaped ; ſcored ; divifible into two. SEEDS. Two; oblong egg-ſhaped ; convex and ſcored on one ſide, flat on the other. GOUTWEED. The upper ſtem leaves growing by threes- Gerards Petals white. Podagraria Podagraria vulgaris. Park. 943. Angelica fylveftris minor, five erratica. Bauh pin. 155. Ray's Syn. 209. Herba Gerardi. Gerard. 1001. Herb Gerard. Goutweed. Afhweed. In orchards, gardens, and paſtures. P. May. The leaves may be eaten early in the ſpring with other pot- herbs.--Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. Horſes are not tond of it. 132 SMALL 182 2 FIVE CHI VE S. blunt. into two ; Celery Graveolens 132 SMALL AGE. 367 Apium. Rundle with few ſpokes. Rundlets with many. EMPAL. General Fence none; or elſe of one or more leaves, Partial Fence the ſame. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets almoſt all fertile. In-, dividuals., petals circular ; equal ; bent inwards. Cuives. Threads five ; fimple. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; reflected. Summits S. Vess. None. Fruit egg-ſhaped; ſcored ; diviſible; , . Seeds. Two ; egg-ſhaped ; ſcored on one ſide, flat on the other. Obs. In the Celery Smallage the general fence is often wanting, SMALLAGE. The ſtem leaves wedge-ſhaped ---Root leaves winged. Little leaves divided into three lobes, and ſerrated. Petals white. The ſpokes of the General Rundle from five to eleven. Thoſe of the Rundlets from eleven to fixteen. Rundles fitting. Apium paluitre et officinarum. Bauh. pin. 154. Ray's Syn. 214: Apium vulgare, ſeu paluſtre, Park. 926. Eloſelinum ſeu paludapium. Gerard. 1014. Ditches and marſhes. B. Auguft, 1. The Garden Celery is only a variety of the above, with no other pereeptible difference than the leaves being of a The root of the variety (1) and the lower part of the ſtalks bleached by covering them with earth, are very generally uſed raw in ſallads; or boiled in ſoup ; or itewed. They are ſaid to be hurtful to people ſubject to nervous complaints. They are certainly good antiſcorbutics- The root in its wild ſtate is foetid, *acrid and noxious.-The feeds yield an eſſential oil. --Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes refuſe it. darker green. 133 BREAK, TWO POINT AL S. 183 133 BREAKSTONE. 366 Pimpinella. Rundle of many ſpokes. Rundlets of ftill more. Fences none. Empal. Cup not very diſcernible. Bloss. General ; nearly uniform ; Florets all fertile. In- dividuals ; petals five ; nearly equal; heart-ſhaped but bent inwards. Cuives. Threads five ; fimple ; longer than the petals. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; very ſhort. Sum- mits nearly globular. S. Vess. None. Fruit oblong egg-lhaped ; diviſible in- to two. Seeds. Two; oblong; narrow towards the point; con- vex and ſcored upon one ſide ; flat upon the other. BREAKSTONE. The leaves winged; the ſegments of the Burnet root leaves nearly circular; thoſe of the item leaves ſtrap-Saxifraga Shaped-Petals white. Pimpinella faxifraga. Gerard. 1044. Pimpinella ſaxifraga minor, foliis fanguiſorbæ. Ray's Syn. 213. Pimpinella faxifraga major altera. Bauh. pin, 159. Pimpinella faxifraga major noftras. Park. 946. Burnet ſaxifrage. 1. There is a variety that is ſmaller. Pimpinella faxifraga minor. Bauh. pin. 160. Pimpinella ſaxifraga hircina minor. Park. 947. Dry gravelly ſoils. P. Auguſt. Horſes, Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it. BREAKSTONE. The leaves winged ; little leaves heart- Greater Thaped; the odd one at the end divided into three lobes. Hud- Major fon's Flor. Angl. 110. Pimpinella faxifraga. Ray's Syn, 213. Pimpinella ſaxifraga hircina major. Park. 947. Pimpinella faxifraga major umbella candida. Bauh. pin. 159, Bipinella, five faxifraga minor. Gerard, 1044. 7 Great Burnet Saxifrage. 1. There is a variety with purplif bloſſoms. Pimpinella faxifraga major, umbellarubente, Bauh. pin.159. In woods and hedges. P. Auguft, All the above ſpecies and varieties of BREAKSTONE partake nearly of the ſame qualities. The root is very acrid, burning the mouth like pepper. It affords a blue oil. Its acrimony hath N4 occa - a 184 FIVE CHI VE S. occaſioned it to be uſed to cure the Tooth-ache and to cleanſe the ſkin from Freckles. It is chewed to promote the ſecretion of ſaliva, and is uſed in gargles for diffolving viſcid mucus in the throat. In Germany it is preſcribed in the Aſthma and Dropſy- The Royal William Butterfly, Papilio Machaon, is found upon both ſpecies. Order III. Three Pointals. 134 MEAL TREE. 370 Viburnum, Empal. Cup with five teeth ; ſuperior : very ſmall ; per- manent. Bloss. One petal ; bell-ſhaped ; with five ſhallow clefts, Segments blunt; reflected. Cuves. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped ; as long or twice as long as the bloſſom. Tips oblong; double. Point. Sredbud beneath: roundiſh. Shaft none, but in- ftead thereof a turban-ſhaped gland. Summits three. . S. Vess. Berry roundiſh ; one cell. Seed. Single , roundiſh; hard as bone. MEALTREE, with heart-ſhaped, ferrated leaves ; full of veins; and downy on the under ſide--Bloſoms white; Berries black. Viburnum. Park. 1448. Bauh. pin. 429. Ray's Syn. 460. Lantana live viburnum. Gerard. 1490. Pliant Mealy-tree. Way-faring tree. In hedges. S. May. Varieties. 1. Leaves oval. 2. Leaves variegated. The bark of the root is uſed to make bird-lime. Pliant Lantana Marth Opulus MEALTREE, with gaſhed leaves, and leaf-ſtalks beſet with glands---Bloſſoms white. Berries. red. Opulus ruellii. Ray's Syn. 460. Sambucus aquatica, flore ſimplici. Pauh. pin. 456. Sambucus paluſtris ſeu aquatica. Park. 208. Sambucus aquatilis feu paluſtris. Gerard. 1424: Water Elder. In woods and wet hedges. S. May-June. ). The Guelder Roſe is a variety of this, and there is another variety with variegated leaves. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. Horſes are not fond of it. 135 ELDER THREE POINT AL S. 185 135 E L D E R. 372 Sambucus. Empal. Cup fuperior ; of one leaf; very ſmall; with five diviſions: permanent. Bloss. One petal; wheel-ſhaped, but ſomewhat concave; with five clefts; blunt. Segments reflected. Chives. Threads five; awl ſhaped; as long as the blof- ſom. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath ; egg-ſhaped; blunt. Shaft none; but inſtead thereof a diftended gland. Summits three; blunt. S. Vess. Berry roundiſh ; of one cell. SEEDS. Three. Convex on one ſide ; angular on the other. a ELDER. The cufts of flowers with three diviſions ; props Dwarf leafy; ſtem herbaceous—Bloſſoms white above; purple beneath. Ebulus Chives white; Tips purple; one fixed on each ſide of every thread, ſo that there is properly ſpeaking ten tips. Sambucus humilis, ſeu ebulus. Bauh. pin. 456. Ray's Syn. 461. Ebulus, five fambucus humilis. Gerard. 1426. Park. 2o9. Wall-wort. Dane-wort. Hedges and road-ſides. S. July. Varieties. 1. Leaves jagged. 2. Leaves variegated, This hath the ſame medical properties with the next fpecies, but in fomne reſpects more violent, and therefore leſs manageable. A dram and a half of the root is a ſtrong purge - The berries give out a violet colour—The green leaves drive away mice - from granaries, and the Sileſians ſtrew them where their pigs lie, under a perſuaſion that they prevent ſome of the diſeaſes to which they are liable.--Neither Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horſes or Swine will eat it. a ELDER. 1860 .2 FIVE CHI VE S. HT Common Nigra ELDER. The tufts of flowers with five diviſions; ſtem woody-Bloſſoms white. Berries black. Tips yellow, arrow- Maped; one on each thread. Sambucus, Gerard. 1422. vulgaris. Park. 207. Ray's Syn. 461. Sambucus fructu in umbella nigra. Bauh. pin. 456. 1. There is one variety with white berries, (viz.) the Sambucus fructu albo. Gerard. 1422. Perk. 208. no Sambucus fructu in umbella viridi. Bauh. pin. 456. 2. And another variety with jagged leaves. Sambucus laciniato folio. Bauh. pin. 456. Park. 208. Gerard. 1234 In woods and damp hedges. (1.) in ſeveral parts of Stafford- Thire. S. April-May. Cultivation produces the following variations; 3. Berries green 4. Leaves cut and jagged. 5. Leaves ſtriped with white. 6. Leaves ſpotted with white. 7. Leaves ſtriped with yellow. The whole plant hath a narcotic ſmell; it is not well to ſleep under its ſhade --The Wood is hard, tough, and yellow. It is commonly made into ſkewers for butchers; tops for angling rods, and needles for weaving nets. It is not a bad wood to tạrn in the lathe--The inner green Bark is purgative, and may be uſed with advantage where acrid purgatives are requiſite. In fmaller doſes it is diuretic, and hath done eminent ſervice in obſtinate glandular obſtructions, and in dropſies. If Sheep that have the rot are placed in a ſituation where they can get at the bark and the young hoots, they will ſoon cuře themſelves - The Leaves are purgative like the bark, but more nauſeous. They are an ingredient in ſeveral cooling ointments. If turnips, cab- bages, fruit-trees, or corn (which are ſubject to blights, from a variety of infe&ts), are whipped with the green leaves and bran- ches of Elder, the infects will not attack them. Philof. Tranſ. v. 62. p. 348. A decoction of the Flowers, taken internally, is faid to promote expectoration in pleuriſies. If the flowers are freſh gathered they looſen the belly. Externally they are uſed in fomentations to eaſe pain and abate infiammation. Many people uſe the flowers to give a flavour to vinegar-A rob pre- pared from the Berries is a gentle opener, and promotes perſpira- tion. The juice of the berries is employed to give a red colour to raifin or ſugar wines. The berries are poiſonous to poultry- The Pith being exceedingly light, is cut into balls, which are much uſed in many nice electrical experiments-Sheep eat it. Horſes, Cows and Goats refuſe it. The flowers kill Turkeys. The Elder Louſe, Aphis Sambuci, and the Swallow-Tail Butter Fly, Phalaena Sambucaria, are found upon this ſpecies. 136 BLADDERNUT. THREE POINT AL S. 187 136 BLADDERNUT. 374 Staphylæa. EMPAL. Cup with five diviſions; concave; roundiſh; co- loured; nearly as large as the bloſſom. Bloss. Petals five; oblong; upright; reſembling the củp. Honey-cup concave, diſtended; ſituated at the bottom of the flower, upon the receptacle. Chives. Threads five; oblong; upright; as long as the cup. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud rather thick, with three diviſions, Shafts three; fimple; ſomewhat longer than the chives. Summits blunt, contiguous. S.Vess. Capſules three; bladder-ſhaped; limber; joined by a ſeam lengthways; tapering at the points ; opening inwardly. SEEDS. Two; hard as bone; ſomewhat globular; obliquely tapering; with a circular hole at the fide, near the point. Obs. In the Britiſh Species there are but two diviſions in the pointal and in the capſule. BLADDERNUT with winged leaves—Bloſſoms in zborls ; Tree white. Pinnata Staphylodendron. Ray's Syn. 468. Nux veficaria. Park. 14'17. Gerard. 1437- Piſtacea fylveſtris. Bauh. pin. 401. In hedges near Pontefract, Yorkſhire. S. June. 137 CHICKWEED. 380 Alfine. Empal. Cup with five leaves; concave; oblong; taper. ing. Bloss. Petals five; equal; longer than the cup. Ghives. Threads five; hair-like. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud nearly egg-ihaped. Shafts three; thread- ſhaped. Summit's blunt. S. Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; of one cell; covered by the cup: SEEDS. Numerous, roundiſh. Ops. In the Common Chickweed, the chives foon fall off, so that it is not unuſual to find flowers with ferver than five chives. CHICKWEED. r88 FIVE CHI VE S T Common Media CHICKWEED with divided petals; and leaves betwixt egg and heart-ſhaped-- Flowers upright, and open from nine in the morning to noon ; but if it rains that day they do not open. After rain they become pendant, but in the courſe of a few days rije again. The Capſule opens with ſix valves, letting fall the ſecds; which are tound; compreſſed; yellow; and rough with little tubercles. Bloſ- foins white. This ſpecies is a notable inſtance of what is called the Sleep of Plants; for every night the leaves approach in pairs, ſo as to include within their upper furfaces, the tender rudiments of the new ſhoots; and the uppermoſt pair but one at the end of the ſtalk, are furniſhed with longer leaf-ſtalks than the others, ſo that they can cloſe upon the terminating pair and protect the end of the branch. Alfine media. Bauh. pin. 250. ſeu minor. Gerard. 611. Aſſine vulgaris ſeu morſus gallinæ. Ray's Syn. 347. In rich cultivated ground; very common. A. April—October. The young ſhoots and leaves when boiled, can hardly be dif- tinguiſhed from Spring Spinach, and are equally wholeſome.- Swine are extremely fond of it; Cows and Horſes eat it; Sheep are indifferent to it, and Goats refuſe it. Small Birds eat the feeds. The Creain Spot Tyger Moth, Phalæna Villica, is found upon it. Order IV. Four Pointals. 138 PARNASSUS. 384 Parnaſſia. Empal. Cup with five diviſions; permanent. Segments oblong; ſharp; expanding. Bloss. Petals five; nearly circular; ſcored; concave, expanding: margins imperfect. Honey-cups five; each being a concave heart-shaped ſubſtance, fur- niſhed with thirteen little ſhafts or piliars ſet along the edge ; and each pillar terminated by a little globe. Chives. Threads five; awl-ſhaped, as long as the petals. Tips depreſſed; fixed ſide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud egg ſhaped ; large. Shafts none; but inſtead thereof an open hole. Summits four; blunt; permanent: growing larger as the feed ripens. S.Vess. Capſule egg-lhaped ; with four angles; one cell and four valves. Receptacle in four parts ; connected ; with the valves. Seeds. Numerous; oblong. Obs. The eſſential character of this genus is ſtrongly marked by the linney-cups. TTS. FIVE POINT AL S. 189 PARNASSUS. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus-Meadow gives no deſcription of it-The root leaves heart-ſhaped ; on long Palukris leaf-ſtalks. Stem leaves hitting. Whilf it is in flozver, the feedbad having neither shaft nor ſummit, is open at the top. The chives lay their tips alternately upon the hole, and having diſcharged their dui, return back to the petals. The Pecals are wbite, with remarkable yellow freaks; and the peculiar appearance of the honey-cups is as beautiful as it is uncommon. Parnaſſia vulgaris et paluſtris. Ray's Syn. 355. Gramen Parnaffi minus. Gerard. 810. Gramen Parnaſſi vulgare. Park. 429. Gramen Parnaffi flore albo fimplici. Bauh. pin, 309. Graſs of Parnaffus. In moiſt meadows. P. July--Auguft. Horſes and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Cows and Swine refuſe it. Order V. Five Pointals. ya 139 FL A X. 389 Linum. EMPAL. Cup of five leaves ; ſmall; ſpear-ſhaped; upright; permanent. Bloss. Funnel-ſhaped. Petals five; oblong; large; blunt; gradually expanding and growing broader upwards. Chives Threads five; Threads five; awl-ſhaped ; upright; as long as the cup; alternating with theſe are the rudiments of five more. Tips ſimple; arrow-thaped. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shafts five; thread-ſhaped: upright; as long as the chives. Summits ſimple; refledted. S.Vess. Capſule globular ; with five imperfect angles ; ten cells and live valves. Seeds. Solitary: flattiſh egg-ſhaped, tapering ; gloſſy. Obs. In the Little Flax one fifth in the number of parts is wanting. FLAX. The cups and capſules furniſhed with ſharp points ; Common petals ſcolloped ; leaves alternate; ſpear-ſhaped. Stem folitary Uſitatiilimum -The inner edges of the cup a little fringed. Bloſſoms pale blue. Linum arvenſe. Bauh. pin. 214: Linum fylveſtre vulgatius. Park. 1334. Linum ſativum. Gerard. 556. Ray's Syn. 362. la cornfields. A. July. This 19? FIVE CHI VE S. This valuable plant originally came from thofe parts of Ægypt that are expoſed to the inundations of the Nile. It would require a volume to recite its uſes; the limits of this work will only permit me to mention a few of them. The Seeds yield by expreſſion only, a large proportion of oil, which is an ex- cellent pectoral, as is likewiſe the mucilaginous infuſion. They make an eaſy and uſeful poultice in caſes of external inflamma- tion; and they are the food of ſeveral ſmall Birds. After the oil is expreſſed the remaining farinaceous part called Oil-Cake, is given to Oxen who foon grow fat upon it . The Oil itſelf dif- fers in ſeveral reſpects from other expreſſed oils ; it does not con- geal in winter, nor does it forın a ſolid ſoap with fixed alkaline falts; and it acts more powerfully as a menſtruum upon ſulphu- reous bodies. When hear is applied during the expreſſion it gets a yellowiſh colour, and a peculiar ſmell. In this ſtate it is uſed by the painters and the varniſhers—The fibres of the Stem are manufactured into linen; and this linen when worn to rags, is made into paper. 2911 Wild Perennial FLAX. The cups and capſules blunt; leaves alternate; Perenne ſpear ſhaped; very entire-Bloſoms blue. Linum ſylveſtre cæruleum perenne erectius, flore et capitulo majore. Ray's Syn. 362. 1. There is a variety which is ſmaller, viz. the lefſer trailing perennial Flax. Linum fylveſtre cæruleum perenne procumbens, flore et capitulo minore. Ray's Syn. 362.09 lobstgold Perennial blue Flax. ... ! ! In barren ſoil. P. June, FLAX. The cups furniſhed with a ſharp point. Leaves Tenuifolium ſcattered; betwixt ſtrap and briſtle-ſhaped ; 'rough with points turned backwards-Bloſſoms blue, or reddiſh ; with purple ftreaks. Linum ſylveſtre anguſtifoliun, floribus dilute purpurafcenti- bus vel carneis. Bauh. pin. 214. Ray's Syn. 362.1097 Narrow-leaved wild Flax. sledolg sluk.223 On the ſea coaſt. P. June-July. svibute is 197 Purging FLAX. The leaves oppoſite; betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped ; Catharticum ftem forked, bloſſoms ſharp--Before the flowers opens they hang down, Bloſſoms wbite. Linum fylveſtre catharticum. Gerard. 560. Ray's Syn. 362. Linum pratenſe flofculis exiguis. Bauh. pin, 214. osal Chamælinum cluſii flore albo, feu linum fylveſtre catharticum. Park. 1336. In dry paſtures. A. May-June. uis An infuſion of two drams of the dried plant is an excellent purge.--Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. FLAX. FIVE POINT A L-S. 191 FLAX. The leaves oppoſite : ftem forked. Bloſſoms with Little four chives and four pointals--White. Radiola Radiola vulgaris ſerpyllifolia. Ray's Syn. 345. Tab. 15. fig. 3. Millegrana minima. Gerard. 569. five herniaria minor. Park. 447. od Polygonum minimum ſeu millegrana minima. Bauh. pin. 282. Leaſt Rupture Wort, or Allſeed. Wet gravelly ſoil. A. Auguft. sidste 140 SUNDE W. 391 Droſera Empal. Cup one leaf; with five clefts; ſharp; upright; permanent. Bloss. Funnel-ſhaped. Petals five; nearly egg-ſhaped ; blunt, fomewhat larger than the cup. Chives. Threads five ; awl-ſhaped; as long as the cup. e Tips ſmall. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts five; ſimple; as long as the chives. Summits ſimple. bud S.Vess..Capſule nearly egg-Shaped; of one cell, opening with five valves at the top. nolaist vind Seeds. Numerous ; very ſmall; nearly egg-ſhaped. 100097 91 29701 sintofagara supia SUNDEW. The ſtalk ſpringing directly from the root; leaves Round-leaved circular. -Leaf-ſtalks fringed at the baſe. Bloſſoms white. 108 Rotundifolia Ros folis folio rotundo. Bauh. pin. 357. Ray's Syn. 356. a. Ros ſolis major. Gerard. 1557. Park. 1052.upato bisita Roſa folis. Red Rot. Morborn onomolga 40 In moſſy bogs. P. July-Auguſt. The whole plant is acrid, and fufficiently cauſtic to erode the ſkin; but fome ladies know how to mix the juice with milk, ſo as to make it an innocent and ſafe application to remove freckles and funburn. The juice that exſudes from it unmixed, will deſtroy warts and corns—The plant hath the ſame effect upon milk as the common Butterwort hath; and like that too is ſuppoſed to occaſion the rot in Sheep. Query, is not the four coagulated milk of the Syrians, called Leban, or Leven, at firſt prepared with ſome plant of this kind ? See Ruffel's Nat. Hift, 3 of Aleppo. SUNDEW. The ſtalk ſpringing directly from the root. Long-leaved Leaves oblong_Bloſſoms white. This ſpecies differs from the pre- Longifolia ceding only in the ſhape of the leaves. Ros folis folio oblongo. Bauh. pin. 357. Ray's Syn. 356.2 Ros ſolis ſylveſtris longifoliis. Park. 1052. Ros folis minor. Gerard. 1557. In mofly bogs. P. July-Auguft. Its 192 FIVE CHIVES. Its properties are the ſame as in the preceding ſpecies. The Generic name, Sundew, ſeems to be derived from a very ſtriking circumſtance in the appearance of theſe plants; the leaves are fringed with hairs, ſupporting finall drops or globules of a pel- lucid liquor like dew, which continue even in the hotteſt part of the day, and in the fulleſt expoſure to the fun. Perhaps the acrimony of the plant reſides in this ſecreted liquor. 141 SIB BALD. 393 Sibbaldia. Empal. Cup one leaf; with ten ſhallow clefts ; upright at the baſe: permanent. Segments alternately narrower; half fpear-ſhaped; equal;" expanding. Bloss. Petals five; egg-ſhaped; ſtanding on the cup. Chives. Threads five; hair-like; fhorter than the petals; ſtanding on the cup. Tips ſmall; blunt. Point. Seedbuds five; egg-ſhaped ; very ſhort. Shafts as long as the chives and ſtanding upon the ſides of the feedbuds. Summits ſomewhat globular. S.Vess. None. The Cup cloſes upon the ſeeds. Seeds. Five; rather long. Cinquefoil SIBBALD. The little leaves with three teeth--Bloſſoms Procumbens yellovs. Pentaphylloides pumila foliis ternis, ad extremitates trifidis. Ray's Syn. 256. Baſtard Cinquefoil. .TOP On Benlomond, a mountain on the borders of Lochlomond in Scotland. P. July-Auguit. 142 THRIFT. 388 Statice. EMPAL. Common Cup different in different ſpecies. Cup one leaf; funnel-ſhaped. Tube narrow. Border entire; plaited; fkinny. Bloss. Funnel-ſhaped. Petals five; narrow at the baſe; broader upwards; blunt; expanding. Chives. Threads five; awl-Ihaped ; horter than the bloſ- ſom and fixed to the claws of the petals. Tips fixed fide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud extremely ſmall. Shafts five; thread- ſhaped; diftant. Summits ſharp. ; S.Vess. None. The tube of the cup cloſes and contains the feed; but the border continues expanded. SEED. Single; very ſmall; roundiſh; crowned with the cup. THRIFT TWO PO I N T A L S. 193 THRIFT. The flowers forming a head upon a fimple ſtalk. Sea Leaves ſtrap-ſhaped-Bloſſoms pink. Armeria Statice montana minor. Ray's Syn. 203. Caryophyllus montanus minor. Bauh. pin. 211. Caryophyllus marinus minimus lobelii. Gerard. 602. Gramen marinum minus. Park. 1276. Sea Gilliflower. Sea Cuſhion. On the ſea coaſt. P. June. It is now very generally introduced into gardens, as an edg- ing for borders.-Horſes and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. - THRIFT. The ſtalk cylindrical, ſupporting a panicle. Lavender Leaves ſmooth; without ſtrings; but with ſharp points on the Limonium under ſide - Bloſſoms blue. Limonium. Gerard. 411. Ray's Syn. 201. Limoniuin majus vulgatius. Park. 1234. Limonium maritimum majus. Bauh. pin. 192. Sea Lavender. Sea coaſt. P. July-Auguft. Sheep and Goats eat it. THRIFT. The ſtalk bearing the panicle, trailing. The Matted barren branches naked and bent backwards. Leaves wedge. Reticulata ſhaped ; without any ſharp points.- Matted Sea Lavender. Sea coaſt. September. Order VI. Many Pointals. 143 MOUSETAIL. 394 Myoſurus. ExPAL. Cup five leaves; half ſpear-ſhaped; blunt, re- flected; coloured; deciduous; joined together above the baſe. Bloss. Petals five; very ſmall; ſhorter than the cup; tubular at the baſe; opening obliquely inwards. Chiyes. Threads five or more); as long as the cup. Tips oblong; upright. Point. Seedbuds numerous; fitting upon the receptacle in an oblong conical figure. Shafts none. Sunimits ſimple. S. Vess. None. Receptacle very long, ſhaped like a pil- lar; containing the ſeeds which are layed one over another like tiles, and are covered. Seeds. Numerous; oblong; tapering. Obs. The number of chives varies greatly in this genus. It is nearly allied to the Crowfoot: the Petals are a ſort of Honey-cup. O MOUSETAIL 194 FIVE CH I V E S. Little Minimus MOUSETAIL. As there is only one fpecies known Lin. næus gives no deſcription of it-The Stem fimple. Root-leaves narrow; ſtrap-Shaped. Bloſſoms greeniſh. Myofurus. Ray's Syn. 251. Holofteo affinis cauda muris. Bauh. pin. 190. Holofteum loniceri, cauda muris vocatum. Park. 500. Cauda muris. Gerard. 426. Gravelly meadows. A. April-May. The whole plant is acrid. CLASS VI. la L A S S VI. 2 SIX CHI VE S. V THE flowers of this claſs contain fix chives all of the ſame length, whereas in the 15th claſs the chives though fix in number are unequal in length, four of them being long and two of them ſhort. The BULBOUS Roots in this claſs are ſome of them noxious, as thoſe of the DAFFODIL, the Hyacinth and the FRITILLARY; others are corroſive, as GARLIC; but by roaſting or boiling they loſe a great part of their acrimony. Tam2 Budouch 22 JULLE 02 CLASS VI. ( 196 ) CLASS VI. SI X CHI VE S. ORDER I. ONE POINTAL. * Flowers with a cup and a bloſſom. 144. FRANKWORT. Bafom five petals. Cup one leaf; beneath. Capſule one cell, with many feeds. 145. BARBERRY. BloJom ſix petals. Cup fix leaves; beneath. Berry with two ſeeds. * Sixechived Graſpoly. * * Flowers with a ſheath, or hufk. 146. DAFFODIL. Bloſſom ſuperior. Petals fix. Ho- ney-cup, bell-ſhaped; on the outſide of the chives. 147. GARLIC. Bloſſom beneath. Petals fix, egg- ſhaped ; fitting 148. BELLWORT. Bloſſom beneath ; with ſix clefts Berry with three ſeeds. 149. HYACINTH. . Bloſſom beneath ; with fix clefts. Three honey-cup pores at the top of the feedbud. 150. ASPHODEL. Bloſſom bencath; with ſix flat petals. 151. BETHLEMSTAR. - - Bloſſom beneath ; with fix petals. Threads alternately broader at the baſe. 150, SQUILL. TWO PO IN T A L S. 197 152. SQUILL. a Bloſſom beneath. Petals fix; deciduous. Threads cylindri- cal; of equal thickneſs. 153. SPARAGUS. Bloſſom beneath. Petals fix. Berry with fix ſeeds. 154. FRITILLARY. • Bloſſon beneath. Petals fix; egs- ſhaped ; with a Honey-cup porę at the baſe. 7 Rush. * * * Flowers imperfect. 155. SPICEWORT. Sheath containing ſeveral flow- ers. Capſule with three cells. 156. Rush Cup fix leaves. Capſules with one cell. 157. PURSLAIN. Cup with twelve clefts. Capſule, with two cells. 12 Order II. Two Pointals. + Round-leaved Dock. * Pepper, and Spotted Snakeweed. Order III. Three Pointals. 158. TUBEROOT. Empalement a ſheath, Bloſſom with fix diviſions reſembling petals. 159. ARROWGRASS. Cup three leaves. Bloffom three petals. Capſule opening at the baſe. 160. Dock Cup three leaves. Bloſſom three petals. Seed ſingle; three cornered. of Fenced Aſphodela Order V. Many Pointals. 161. WATER PLANTAIN. Cup three leaves. Bloſſom three petals. Seed-veſſels many. 03 144 FRANKWORT. 198 SIX CHI VE S. manent. 144 FRANK WORT. 445 Frankenia. Empal. Cup one leaf; funnel-ſhaped; ten cornered; per- Rim with five ſharp teeth; ftanding out. BLOSS. Petals five ; the Claws as long as the cup. Border flat: limbs nearly round and expanding. Honeycup a channelled tapering claw, fixed to each claw of the petals. Chives. Threads fix; as long as the cup. Tips roundiſh; double. Point. Seedbud oblong, Shaft fimple; as long as the chives. Summit divided into fix ſegments, S. Vess. Capſule oval; of one cell and three valves, SEEDS. Many; egg-ſhaped; ſmall. Sinooth FRANKWORT. The leaves ſtrap-ſhaped; crowded; fringa Lævis at the baſe--Stems numerous ; branched; trailing. Bloſſoms purple. Lychnis fupina maritima ericæ facie. Ray's Syn. 338. Erica ſupina maritima. Park. 1484. Polygonum maritimum minus, foliolis ſerpylli. Bauh pin, 281. Polygonum pufillo vermiculato ſerpylli folio. Gerard. 567. Smooth ſea heath. Marſhes on the ſea-coaſt. P. Auguft. Mealy FRANKWORT. The leaves inverſely egg-ſhaped ; dented Pulverulenta at the end; duity on the under fide- OD Alfine maritima ſupina, foliis chamæfices. Ray's Syn. 352 Anthyllis maritima chamæſicæ fimilis. Bauh. pin. 282, Broad-leaved ſea heath. Sea coaft. A. July. 145 BARBERRY ONE POINT A L. 199 1.4.5 BARBERRY. 442 Berberis. Empal. Cup of fix leaves ; ſtanding.wide. Leaves egg- ſhaped, narroweſt at the baſe; concave; coloured ; deciduous : alternately ſmaller. Bloss. Petals fix; roundiſh, concave; not quite up- right; ſcarcely larger than the cup. Honeycups two roundiſh coloured ſubſtances, growing to the baſe of each petal. Chives. Threads fix; upright; compreſſed; blunt. Tips two; adhering to each ſide of the thread, at the end. Point. Sedbud cylindrical; as long as the chives. Shaft none. Summit round and flat; broader than the feedbud, encompaſſed by a ſharp border. S.Vess. Berry cylindrical; blunt; dimpled, with one cell. SEEDS. Two; oblong; cylindrical; blunt, BARBERRY. The fruit-ſtalks ſupporting bunches of flow- Common ers.--In ſearching for the honey-cup at the baſe of the petals when the Vulgaris flower is fully expanded, if you happen to touch the threads tho' ever So Nightly, the tips burſt and throw out the duſt with a conſiderable expanfive force. The Leaves change into thorns. Bloſſom yellow; Sometimes ſtreaked with orange. Berries red. Bersris dumetorum. Bauh pin. 454. Ray's Syn. 465. Berberis. Park. 1559. Spina acida five oxyacantha. Gerard. 1325. 1. There is one variety with white berries; 2. And another in which the berries have no feeds. Pipperidge buſh. Woods and hedges. S. June. The leaves are gratefully acid. The flowers are offenſive to the finell when near, but at a proper diſtance their odour is ex- tremely fine. The berries are fo very acid that birds will not eat them, but boiled with ſugar they form a moſt agreeable rob or jelly. They are uſed likewife as a dry ſweetineat and in ſugar- plumbs. An Infufion of the Bark in white wine is purgative. The roots boiled in lye dye wool yellow. In Poland they dye Leather of a moſt beautiful yellow with the Bark of the root. The inner Bark of the ſtems dyes linnen of a fine yellow, with the affiſtance of Alumn. This ſhrub ſhould never be permitted to grow in corn lands, for the ears of wheat that grow near it never fill, and its influence in this reſpect has been known to extend as far as three or four hundred yards acroſs a field. Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it; Horſes and Swine refuſe it. O4 146 DAFFODIL 200 SIX CHI VE S. 146 DAFFODIL. Narciſſus 403. Empal. Sheath oblong; blunt; compreſſed; opening upon the flat ſide: ſhrivelling. Bloss. Petals fix; egg-ſhaped ; tapering ; flat; fixed outwardly above the baſe of the tube of the honey- cup. Honey-cup, one leaf; funnel-ſhaped, but rather cylindrical; with a coloured border. Chives. Threads fix; awl-ſhaped; fixed to the tube of the honeycup, but ſhorter than the honeycup. Tips rather long. Point. Seedbud beneath : roundiſh; with three blunt corners. Shaft thread-ſhaped; longer than the chives Summit with three clefts; concave; blunt. S.Vess. Capſule roundiſh; bluntly three cornered; with three cells and three valves. SEEDs. Numerous'; globular; with little appendages. Pale Poeticus DAFFODIL. The feath with only one flower. Honeycup wheel-ſhaped'; very ſhort; ſkinny; ſomewhat fcolloped-Bloſjona pale yellow). Narciffüs medio luteus. Gerard. 124. vulgaris. Park. 74. Ray's Syn. 371. Narcillus pallidus circulo luteo. Bauh. pin. 51, Primroſe peerleſs. In meadows, not common. P. April. DAFFODIL. The ſheath with only one flower, Honeycup bell-ſhaped; upright; curled; as long as the petals, which are egg-ſhaped And pale yellow. Narciflus ſylveſtris pallidus, calyce luteo. Bauh. pin. 52, Ray's Syn. 371. Pſeudo-Narciſſus anglicus Gerard. 138. vulgaris. Park. 74. Woods and hedges. P. March-April. The duſt in the microſcope appears kidney-ſhaped. The freſh roots are acrid. Wild Pſeudo- Narcitius 147 GARLIC Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ν Τ Α L.. 201 147 GARLIC. Allium. 409 EMPAL. Sheath common to ſeveral flowers; roundiſh; ſhrivelling Bloss. Petals fix; oblong. Chives. Threads fix; awl-fhaped; generally as long as the bloſſom. Tips oblong; upright. Point. Seedbud ſuperior: ſhort ; ſomewhat three corner- ed; the corners marked by a line. Shaft ſimple. Summit ſharp S.Vess. Capſule very ſhort; broad; of three lobes, three cells and three valves. Seeds. Many; roundiſh. Oes. In ſome ſpecies every other chive alternately is broad, and the tip is fixed in a fork at the end of the thread. * Stem leaves fat. Rundles bearing capſules. GARLIC. The ſtem with flat leaves. Rundle globular; Round-headed chives three pointed ; petals rough upon the back, which is Ampelopra- ſomewhat keel ſhaped - Chives a little longer than the bloſſom. Blof-ſum ſoms pale purple. Lateral root folid. Allium holmenſe fphærico capite. Ray's Syn. 370. Allium fphærico capite, folio latiore ſeu ſcorodopraſum alte- rum. Bauh pin. 74. Scorodopraſum primum clufii. Gerard. 180. In the iſland of Holms at the mouth of the Severn. P. This is eaten along with other pot-herbs. It communicates its favour to the milk and butter of cows that graze where it grows. ** Stem leaves flat; rundies bearing bulbs. GARLIC. The ſtem with flat leaves, and bulbs. Sheath of Broad-leaved the leaves cylindrical ; fheath of the flower without any ſharp Arenarium point; chives with three points-Bulbs and Bloſſoms blue. Chives a little longer than the bloſſom. Leaves narrow, entire at Allium ſylveſtre amphycarpon, foliis porraceis, floribus et nucleis purpureis. Ray's Syn. 370. Broad-leaved mountain Garlic. On mountains in the north. P. July. the edges. *** STEM 202 SIX CHI VE S. Crow Viocale *** Stem leaves nearly cylindrical. Rundle bearing Bulbs. GARLIC. The ſtem with cylindrical leaves, and bulbs. Chives three pointed-Bloſſoms ſmall, violet coloured. Two long briſtles from the chives project out of the blooms. Allium ſylveſtre. Park. 870. Gerard. 179. Ray's Syn. 369. Allium campeſtre juncifolium capitatum purpurafcens majus. Bauh. pin. 74. Allium ſylveſtre vinearum. Bauh. pin. 72. In paſtures. P. June. The young ſhoots are eaten in ſallads, or boiled as a pot-herb. Wild Oleraceum GARLIC. The ſtem with cylindrical leaves, and bulbs. Leaves rough; ſemi-cylindrical furrowed on the under fide. Chives fimple-Root a ſolid bulb. Stem two or three feet high; upright, or only a little bent towards the top; ſmooth; not ſcored ; Solid. Bulbs egg-ſhaped, forming a roundiſh knob; from betwixt theſe ariſe ſeveral thread ſhaped fruit-ſtalks, cach ſupporting a hngle florver which is nodding; cylindrical, but fomenuhat bell-ſhaped, very minute white dots hardly viſible to the naked eye, are ſcattered over the ſurface of the whole plant. Bloſſom zubitiſh green, with three dark purple ſtreaks on each petal. Allium ſylveſtre bicorne, flore exherbaceo' albicante, cum triplici in fingulis petalis ftria atro-purpurea. Ray's Syn. 370. Allium montanum bicorne, flore ex-albide. Bauh. pin. 75. Wild Garlic, with an herbaceous ſtriated flower. Cornfields and paſtures. P. July. The tender leaves are very commonly boiled in ſoups, or fried with other herbs.—Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine cat it. * Leaves growing from the roots. Stalk naked. GARLIC with naked, ſemi-cylindrical ſtalks. Leaves ſpear- ſhaped ; on leaf ſtalks. Rundle flar at the top --- Leaves as long as the ſialk. Threads fixed to the claws of the petals; Shorter than the loaft. Bloſſoms white. Alliuin ſylveſtre latifolium. Bauh. fin. 74. Ray's Syn. 370. Allium urfinum. Gerard. 1 Sc. Park. 871. In woods and hedges. P. May. An infuſion of this plant in brandy is eſteemed a good remedy for the gravel. Pennant's Tour. 1772, p. 175, other plants that grow near it will not flouriſh.--Cows eat it; but it communicates its flavour to the milk. Ramfon Urfinum 148 BELLWORT. ONE PO I N T A L. 203 148 BELLWORT. 425 Convallaria. EMPAL. Cup none. Bloss. One petal; bell-ſhaped; gloſſy. Border with fix clefts: Segments blunt; expanding and refledicd. Chives. Threads fix; awl-ſhaped; ftanding on the petal; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips oblong; upright. Point. Seedbud globular. Shaft, thread-ſhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit blunt; three cornered. S. Vess. Berry globular; with three cells, ſpotted before it is ripe. Seed. Solitary; roundiſh. BELLWORT with a naked ſtalk, and bell-ſhaped bloſſoms— Lilly white; ſometimes red; or purple and white by cultivation, which Majalis will likewiſe make the blofoms double. Lilium convallium. Gerard. 410. Ray's Syn. 265. Lilium convallium album. Bauh. pin. 304. Lilium convallium flore albo. Park. 349. Lilly of the Valley. May--Lily. Woods and heaths. P. May. The flowers though fragrant when freſh, have a narcotic finell when dry. Reduced to powder they excite ſneezing. An ex- tract prepared from the flowers or from the roots partakes of the bitternels as well as of the purgative properties of aloes. The doſe from twenty to thirty grains. A beautiful and durable green colour may be prepared from the leaves by the aſſiſtance of lime. . Sheep and Goats eat it. Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. a BELLWORT with funnel-ſhaped bloſſoms, and alternate Odoriferous leaves, embracing the ſtem. Stem two edged: fruit-ſtalks at the Polygonatum baſe of the leaves; ſeldom ſupporting more than one flower from a span to a foot high. Blofſoms white. ly cultivation the blofſoms will become double and the ſtalks purple. Polygonatum fioribus ex fingularibus pediculis. Ray's Syn. 263. Polygonatum latifolium flore majore odoro, Baub, pin. 303. Polygonatum majus fiore majore. Park. 696. Polygonatum latifolium 2. Cluſi. Gerard. 904. Sweet ſmelling Solomon's Seal. In fiſſures of rocks in Yorkſhire. P. May-June. The roots are very nutritious, and the young ſhoots are eaten at Conſtantinople as Sparagus.--Sheep and Goats eat it. Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. BELLWORT. . 204 SIX CHI VE S. Solomons Multiflora BELLWORT with funnel-ſhaped bloſſoms, and alternate leaves, embracing the ſtein. Stem cylindrical. Fruit-ſtalks at the baſe of the leaves ſupporting many flowers--Bloſſoms white. Polygonatum. Gerard. 903. Ray's Syn. 263. Polygonatum vulgare. Park. 696. Polygonatum latitolium vulgare. Bauh. pin. 303. 1. By cultivation the leaves are ſometimes ſtriped. Solomon's Seal. In woods. P. May-June. The roots and the young fhoots are nutritious.-Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. 149 HYACINTH. 427 Hyacinthus. Empal. Cuh none. Bloss. One petal; bell-fhaped. Border with fix clefts ; reflected. Honey-cups; three pores filled with honey, at the point of the feedbud. Chives, Threads fix; awl-fhaped; rather ſhort. Tips approaching Point. Seedbud roundiſh; but with three edges, and three furrows. Shaft fimple; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Summit blunt. S.Vess. Capſule nearly round, but with three corners, three cells and three valves. Seeds. Two (for the moſt part), roundiſh. HYACINTH. Bloſſoms beil-ſhaped with fix divifions, rolled back at the ends—Floral Leaves two, and generally longer than the blosſoms. Segments of the petal rolled back. Summit moiſt. Blor. ſoms blue ; ſometimes white. Hyacinthus oblongo flore cæruleus major. Bauh. pin. 43. Hyacinthus Anglicus. Gerard. 110. Ray's Syn. 373. Hyacinthus Anglicus, belgicus ſeu Hiſpanicus. Park. 122. Engliſh Hyacinth or Harebells. Woods and hedges. P. May. The freſh roots are poiſonous. they may be converted into ſtarch.-It furniſhes food for the Wood Tyger Moth, Phalang 1.antaginis. Harebell Non-ſcriptus 150 ASPHODEL, ONE POINT A L. 205 150 ASPHODEL. 422 Anthericum. EMPAL. Cup none. Bloss. Petals fix; oblong; blunt ; greatly expanded. $ Chives. Threads fix; awl-ſhaped; upright. Tips ſmall; with four furrows; fixed ſide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud with three corners, but ſlightly marked. Shaft ſimple; as long as the chives. Summit blunt; three cornered. S. Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; ſmooth; with three fur- rows; three cells and three valves. Seeds. Numerous; angular. Obs. The Fenced Aſphodel bath a Cup with three teeth, and three diftin&t Summits without any ſhaft. In the Baſtard Aſphodel the petals ſtand upright and are betwixt ſirap and ſpear-ſhaped. The Threads are woolly; the Seeds Spindle-ſhaped; and the Shaft very Short. ASPHODEL. The leaves nearly flat; ftalk ſupporting a Saffron fingle flower-furniſhed with three or four floral leaves; Spear- Serotinum Jhaped, alternate, Sheathing. Bloſſom beneath; white on the inſide; pale red without. Bulbocodiun alpinum juncifolium, flore unico; intus albo, extus fqualide rubente. Ray's Syn. 374. Tab. 17. fig. 1. Pſeudo narciſſus gramineo folio. Bauh. pin. 51. Bulbocodium ſerotinum. Hudjon. 122. Mountain Saffron. On Snowdon and other high mountains in Wales. P. Auguft. - ASPHODEL. The leaves ſword ſhaped; threads woolly --- Ballard The flowers appear very remarkable from the woolly threads. Blof- Oſlifragum foms greeniſh. Phalangium Anglicum paluſtre iridis folio. Ray's Syn. 375. Aſphodelus Lancaftriæ verus. Gerard. 97. Pſeudo-Aſphodelus paluſtris Anglicus. Bauh. pin. 29. Baſtard or Lancaſhire Aſphodel. In turf bogs. P. Auguft. This plant is ſuppoſed to foften the bones of animals that eat it, but this opinion wants confirmation.-Cows and Horſes eat it. Sheep and Swine refuſe it. ASPHODEL, 206 SIX CHI VE S. Fenced ASPHODEL. The leaves ſword-ſhaped; cup with three Calyculatum lobes. Threads not woolly. Flowers with three furninits- Bloſſoms greeniſh. Phalangium Scoticum paluſtre minimum, iridis folio. Ray's Syn. 375 Pſeudo-Aſphodelus alpinum. Bauh. pin. 29. Scottiſh Aſphodel. In marſhes. P. September. Sheep and Goats refuſe it. 151 BETHLEMSTAR. 418 Ornithogalum. EMPAL. Cup none. Bloss. Petals fix; fpear-ſhaped; upright below the mid- dle, but expanding and flat above; permanent, but fading, Chives. Threads fix; upright; broadeft at the baſe ; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud angular. Shaft awl-ſhaped; permanent. Summit blunt. S.Vess. Capſule roundiſh, angular; with three cells and three valves. Seeds. Many; roundiſh. Obs. The Threads in ſome ſpecies are upright and flat; every other thread having three points and the Tip fixed upon the middle point. Yellow BETHLEMSTAR. The ſtalk angular; with two leaves. Luteum Fruit-ſtalks forming ſimple rundles-Bloſſoms green on the outſide, but yellow within. Ornithogalum luteum. Bauh. pin. 71. Park. 140. Ray's Syn. 372. Ornithogalum luteum ſeu cepe agraria. Gerard. 165. In the northern counties. P. April-May. The bulbous roots of all the ſpecies are nutritious and whole- fome.- Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. Swine are not fond of it. Cows refuſe it. BETHLEMSTAR. ON E POIN T A L. 207 BETHLEMSTAR. The bunch of flowers very long. Spiked Threads ſpear-ſhaped. Fruit-ſtalks equal; expanding when in Pyrenaicum Aower, but afterwards approaching the ſtalk-Bloſſoms greeniſh and ſtreaked on the outſide ; white within. Ornithogalum anguſtifolium majus, floribus exalbo vireſcenti- bus. Bauh. pin. 70. Ray's Syn. 373. Aſphodelus bulboſus. Gerard. 97. Afphodelus bulboſus galeni, five Ornithogalum majus flore ſubvirente. Park. 136. Spiked Star of Bethlem with a greeniſh flower. In meadows. P. May. BETHLEMSTAR. The flowers in broad-topped ſpikes ; Common fruit-ſtalks taller than the italk. Chives notched at the end--- Umbellarum Bloſſoms white; with a green ribon on the outſide. Ornithogalum umbellatum medium anguſtifolium. Bauh. pin. 70. Ornithogalum vulgare et verius, majus et minus. Ray's Sym. 372. Ornithogalum vulgare. Gerard. 165. Park. 136. In woods and paſtures. P. May. 152 SQUILL. 419 Scilla. EMPAL. Cup none. Bloss. Peials fix; egg-ſhaped; greatly expanding; deci- duous. Chives. Threads fix; awl-ſhaped; half as long as the petals. Tips oblong; fixed ſideways to the threads. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft fimple, as long as the chives; falling off. Summit ſimple. S.Vess. Capſule nearly egg-ſhaped; ſmooth; with three furrows, three cells, and three valves. SEEDS. Several; roundiſh. SQUILL. With few flowers, and thoſe nearly upright-Vernal Flowers generally four, and all of a height. Root folid. Bloſſoms Bifolia "blue. Hyacinthus ſtellaris bifolius germanicus. Bauh. pin. 45. Hyacinthus ſtellatus fuchſii. Gerard. 106. Ray's Syn. 372. Hyacinthus ftellatus vulgaris, ſeu bifolius fuchſii. Park. 126. Vernal Star Hyacinth. Sea-coaſt. P. May. SQUILL 208 SI X CHI VE S. Autnmnal SQUILL. Leaves betwixt thread and ſtrap-ſhaped. Flowers Autumnalis in broad topped ſpikes. Fruit-ſtalks naked; aſcending; as long as the flowers—The Bloſſom is as large as a Pea, and as long as the fruit-ſtalk : blue. Hyacinthus autumnalis minor. Gerard. 110. Park. 132. Ray's Syn. 373 Hyacinthus ſtellaris autumnalis minor. Bauh. pin. 47. Leffer Autumnal Star Hyacinth. Dry paſtures. P. September. 153 SPARAGUS. 424 Aſparagus. EMPAL. Cup none. Bloss. Petals fix; oblong; permanent: connected by the claws into an upright tube. The three inner petals alternate; reflected at the top. Chives. Threads fix; thread-ſhaped; ſtanding on the petals ; upright; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud turban-ſhaped, with three corners. Shaft very ſhort. Summit a prominent point. S.Vess. Berry globular; with three cells and a dot at the end. Serds. Two; ſmooth; roundiſh; but angular on the infide. Cultivated Officinalis a Oes. It is not caly to ſay whether the bloſſom is compoſed of one or of fix petals; but the figure of it differs in different ſpecies. SPARAGUS. The ſtem herbaceous; cylindrical; upright. Props in pairs. Leaves like briſtles-The outer props ſolitary; the inner ones ſmaller and in pairs. Fruit-ſtalks in pairs; limber ; pena dant; each ſupporting a ſingle bell-Shaped bloſſom. The inner petals longer than the others. Bloiloms yellowiſh green. Berries red. Aſparagus. Park. 454. Gerard. 1110. Ray's Syn. 267. Aſparagus ſativus. Bauh. pin. 489, Sperage. 1. There is a variety with thicker leaves. In fields near the ſea. P. July. It delights in a fandy foil. The young ſhoots of this plant in its cultivated ſtate, are very univerſally eſteemed for their flavour and nutritious qualities. They impart a fætid ſmell to the urine. The Sfaragus Chryſomela lives upon it. a 154 FRITILLARY ONE POINT AL. 209 154 FRITILLARY. 411 Fritillaria. Empat. Cup none. Bloss. Bell-ſhaped ; expanding at the baſe. Petals ſix; oblong; parallel. Honey-cup a hollow in the baſe of each petal. Chives. Threads fix; awl-ſhaped; approaching the ſhaft. Tips four-cornered ; oblong; upright. Point. Seedbud oblong; three-lided; blunt. Shaft ſim- ple; longer than the chives. Summit with three clefts, expanding ; blunt. S. Vess. Capſule oblong ; blunt; with three lobes, three cells, and three valves. Seeds. Several; flat; outwardly half circular; ſtanding in two rows. ; FRITILLARY, with all the leaves alternate, and one flower Chequered bnly on a ſtem-Fruit-ſtalks ſender; Bloffom nodding ; chequered Meleagris with purple, and greeniſh yellow. The Stalk grows conſiderably lon- ger after the flowering is over: Fritillaria præcox purpurea variegata. Bauh. pin. 64. Fritilliaria vulgaris. Park. 40. Fritillaria variegata. Gerard. 149. Common chequered Daffodil or Fritillary. Meadows and paſtures. P. April-May: 155 SPICEWORT. 434 Acorus. EMPAL. Stalk cylindrical; undivided ; covered by the florets. Sheath none. Cup none. Bloss. Petals fix; blunt; concave; flexible; thicker up- wards and generally lopped. Curves. Threads fix; rather thick; fomething longer than the petals. Tips thick; terminating ; double ; connected. Point. Seedbud hunched; oblong; as long as the chives. Shaft none. Summit a prominent point. S. Vess. Capſule fhort; triangular ; tapering each way; blunt. Cells three. SEEDS. Several; oblong; egg-ſhaped. P SPICE- 2IO SI X CHI VE S. Flag Calamus SPICEWORT. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus gives no deſcription of it--- Leaves thick ; narrow; two edged. Flowering ſtalk thicker than the leaves. Acorus verus, ſeu calamus officinalis. Bauh. pin. 34. Acorus verus ſeu calamus officinarum. Park. 140. Ray's Syn, 437 Acorus verus, officinis falſo calamus. Gerard. 62. Sweet Smelling Flag, or Calamus. In rivulets and marſhes. P. May. The roots have a ſtrong aromatic ſmell, and a warm pungent, bitteriſh taſte. The flavour is greatly improved by drying. They are commonly imported from the Levant, but thoſe of our own growth are full as good, and might ſupply the place of ſome of the foreign ſpices. The Turks candy the roots, and think they are a prefervative againſt contagion.—Neither Horſes, Cows, Goats Sheep or Swine will eat it. 156 R U SH. 437 Juncus. EMPAL. Huſk two valves. Cup fix leaves; oblong; tapering ; permanent. Bloss. None : unleſs you call the leaves of the co- loured cup petals. Chives. Threads fix; hair-like; very ſhort. Tips ob- long; upright; as long as the cup. Point. Seedbud three-cornered, tapering. Shaft fhort ; thread-ſhaped. Summits three ; long; thread-ſhaped ; woolly; bent inwards. S.Vess. Capſule covered ; three-cornered; with one cell and three valves. SEEDS. Several, roundiſh. Obs. There is no particular mention of the colour of the bloſſoms in this genus, for they are all brown or approaching to blackneſs. Marine Acuius * Straws naked. RUSH. The ſtraw nearly naked ; cylindrical; ſharp pointed. Panicle terminating : fence of two leaves; thorny-- Juncus acutus capitulis forghi. Bauh. pin. 10- Ray's Syn. 431. Juncus maritimus capitulis forghi. Park. 1192. Sea Hard Ruh. In marſhes on the ſea-coaſt. P. July-Auguſt. RUSH Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 2II RUSH. The ſtraw naked ; ftiff and ſtraight. Flowers in a Roundheaded lateral knob.- Conglomeratus Juncus lævis vulgaris panicula compactiore. Ray's Syn. 432. Juncus lævis panicula non fparfa. Bauh. pin. 12. Juncus lævis glomerato flore. Park. 1192. In boggy paſtures. P. June-Auguft. 452. RUSH. The ſtraw naked, ſtiff and ſtraight. Flowers in a Soft lateral panicle.- Effufus Juncus lævis vulgaris panicula non ſparſa noftras. Ray's Syn. Juncus lævis panicula ſparſa major. Bauh. pin. 12. Park. 1191. Juncus lævis. Gerard. 39. Seaves. Wet paſtures. P. May-Auguſt. Ruſhes are ſometimes uſed to make little baſkets. The pith of this and the preceding ſpecies is uſed inſtead of Cotton to make the wick of Ruſh-lights.-Horſes and goats eat it. a RUSH. The ſtraw naked ; terminated by a membranaceous Hard ſubſtance which is bent inwards. Flowers in a lateral panicle.— Inflexus Juncus acutus panicula fparſa. Bauh. pin. II. Juncus acutus. Gerard. 39. Ray's Syn. 432. Juncus acutus vulgatius. Park. 1193. In paſtures and road ſides. P. June. RUSH. The ſtraw naked; thread-ſhaped ; nodding. Flowers Little in a lateral panicle--The panicle not always expanded; placed about Filiformis the middle of the ſtraw, which is ſo ſlender as hardly to ſupport itſelf. Juncus parvus, calamo fupra paniculam longius productio. Ray's Syn. 432 Juncus lævis panicula fparfa minor. Bauh. pin. 12. Leaſt Soft Ruſh. Boggy mountains. P. Auguſt . RUSH. The ſtraw naked; leaves briſtle-ſhaped. Flowers in Moſs little congregated heads, without leaves.- Squarroſus Juncus montanus paluſtris. Ray's Syn. 432. Gramen junceum maritimum majus. Gerard. Gramen foliis et fpica junci. Bauh. pin. 5. Gooſe Corn. On heaths. P. June. Horſes eat it, 35: Park. 1270 P2 * * Straws 212 SIX CHI V E S. Jointed Articulatus Bulbous Bulbofus ** Straws leafy. RUSH. The leaves with knotted joints. Petals blunt.--In watery ſituations the leaves are compreſſed, but in the woods they are cylindrical. The leaves are not ſo properly jointed as ſeparated tranſ- verſely by valves, which become viſible when preſſed by the fingers or held againſt the light. Juncus foliis articuloſis, floribus umbellatis. Ray's Syn. 433. Gramen Junceum folio articulato aquaticum. Bauh. pin. 1270. Jointed leaved Ruſh. Woods and wet paſtures. P. July-Auguſt. RUSH. The leaves ſtrap-ſhaped and chanelled. Capſules blunt-Roots creeping ; thick. Straw thread-ſhaped; a little com- preſſed. Floral Leaves as long as the broad-topped ſpike of flowers. General and partial broad-topped Spikes irregular. Capſules egg- Shaped ; brown ; Shining. Gramen juncetin minimum capſulis triangularibus. Ray's Syn. 434. Graminis juncei varietas minor. Gerard. 4. Wet commons. P. Auguft. Cows, Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it. RUSH. The ſtraw forked ; leaves angular. Flowers ſolitary; fitting--Capſules brown ; Mining. Gramen juncoides mininum, anglo-britannicum. Ray's Syn. 434. Juncus paluſtris hunilior erectior. Ray's Sjn. 434, Gramen Junceum. Gerard. 4. Gramen junceum parvum, feu Holofteum Matthioli, et gra. men Bufonium Flandrorum. Park. 110. Gramen nemoroſum calyculis paleaceis. Bauh. pin. 7. 1. It varies in being tall; or ſhort; or narrow-leaved. Wet fandy ground. A. July-August. Horſes eat it. و Toad Bufonius Hairy Pilofus RUSH. The leaves flat and hairy. Flowers in a branching broad-topped fpike.- Gramen nemorofum hirſutum vulgare. Roy's Syn. 416. Gramen nemorofum hirſutum. Gerard, 16. Gramen nemoroſum hirtutum majus. Park. 1184. Gramen nemoroſum hirſutum majus latifolium. Baul. pin. 7. Common hairy Wood Rush, or Grafs. 1. There is a variety which is larger ; with broader leaves, viz. Juncus Sylvaticus. Hudſon 132. In thick woods. P. April-May. Goats, Sheep and Hories eat it. Cows refuſe it, RUSH ONE POINT A L. 213 a RUSH. Thc leaves flat and a little hairy. Flowers in ſpikes ; Field ſome ſitting and ſome on fruit-ſtalks.-- Campeſtris Gramen hirſutum capitulis pfyllii. Bauh. pin. 7. Gramen nemoroſum hirſutum minus anguſtifolium. Park. 1185. Gramen exile hirſutum. Gerard, 16. Ray's Syn. 416. 1. There is a variety with a more compact ſpike. Ray's Syn, 416. Small hairy Wood-ruſh. In paſtures. The variety in turfy bogs. P. April. Sheep, Goats and horſes eat it. 157. PURSLA NE. 446 Peplis, . Empat. Cup one leaf; bell-ſhaped ; large ; permanent. Rim with twelve teeth ; every other tooth reflected. Bloss. Petals fix; egg-ſhaped ; very minute ; growing from the mouth of the cup. Cuives. Threads fix; awl-ſhaped, fort. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft very ſhort. Summit round and flat. S.Vess. Capſule heart-ſhaped, Cells two, with an oppo- fite partition. SEEDS. Many; three cornered; ſmall. Obs. In ſeveral flowers, upon one and the ſame plant, the bloſom is altogether wanting. PURSLANE. The flowers have rarely any petals-Stems Water numerous; creeping. Leaves oppoſite; two at each joint. Blor- Portulaca ſoins ſitting at the baſe of the leaves; purpliſh. Portulaca. Ray's Syn. 368. Alfine paluſtris minor, Terpylli folia. Bauh. pin. 120. Alfine rotundifolia, five Portulaca aquatica. Gerard. 614. Alfine aquatica minor folio oblongo, ſeu Portulaca aquatica, Park. 1260. Marſhes and ſhallow ſtagnant waters. P. September, P3 158 TUBEROOT. 214 SI X CHI V ES. Order III. Three Pointals. 158 TUBEROOT. 457. Colchicum. Empal. None; except fometimes a ſort of ſcattered fheathes. Bloss. With fix diviſions. Tube angular; extending down to the root. Segments of the border betwixt ſpear and egg-ſhaped ; concave, upright. Curves. Threads fix; awl-ſhaped; ſhorter than the blof- ſom. Tips oblong, with four valves; fixed lideways to the threads. Point. Seedbud buried within the root. Shafts three; thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits re- flected; channelled. S.Vess. Capſule of three lobes ; connected on the inſide by a ſeam ; blunt; with three cells, opening in- wards at the ſeams. Seeds. Many; nearly globular; wrinkled. TUBEROOT. With flat, ſpear-ſhaped, upright leaves - Bloſſoms pale purple. Cultivation produces a great variety of colours and makes the bloſams double. Colchicum comune. Bauh pin. 67. Ray's Syn. 373. Colchicum Anglicum purpureum et anglicuin album. Park, 153. Gerard. 157. Meadow Saffron, In rich paſtures. P. September. This is one of thoſe plants that upon the concurrent teſti- mony of ages was condemned as poiſonous; but Dr. Storck of Vienna hath taught us that it is an uſeful Medicine. The roots have a good deal of acrimony. An infuſion of them in vinegar, formed into a ſyrup by the addition of ſugar or honey, is found to be a very uſeful pectoral and diuretic. It ſeems in its virtues very much to reſemble the Squill, but it is leſs nauſeous and leſs acrimonious, Saffron Autumnale 159 ARROWGRASS. THRE E POINT A LS, 215 159 ARROWGRASS. 453 Triglochin. Empal. Cup three leaves; nearly round; blunt; con- cave; deciduous. BLOSS. Petals three; egg-ſhaped; concave; blunt; re- ſembling the leaves of the cup. Cuives. Threads fix; very ſhort. Tips fix; ſhorter than the petals. Point, Seedbud large. Shafts none. Summits three, or fix; reflected ; downy. S.Vess. Capſule oblong egg-ſhaped; blunt; with as many cells as there were ſummits. Valves ſharp; opening at the baſe. SEEDS. Solitary ; oblong. ARROWGRASS. The capſule with three cells; ſomewhat Marſh ſtrap-ſhaped-Bloſons in a long terminating Spike; greeniſh. Juncajo paluſtris et vulgaris. Ray's Syn. 435. Gramen junceum fpicatum ſeu triglochin. Bauh. pin. 6. Gramen marinum ſpicatum. Gerard. 18. alterum. Park. 1279. Arrow-headed Graſs. In wet ditches and marſhes. P. July-Auguſt. Cows are extremely fond of it; Horſes, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Paluſtre ; ARROWGRASS. The capſules with fix cells ; egg-ſhaped — Spiked Leaves ſemicylindrical. Bloſſoms purple. Maritimuin Gramen marinum et ſpicatum. Park. 1270. Ray's Syn. 435. Gramen junceum et fpicatum alterum. Bauh. pin. 6. Sea ſpiked Graſs. In fields on the fea-coaſt. P. June. It is ſalt to the taſte, but Horſes, Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine are very fond of it. P & 160 DOCK. 216 SI X CHI V E S. T 160 DOCK. 451 Rumex. Empal. Cup three leaves: blunt; reflected; permanent. Bloss. Petals three; egg ſhaped; not unlike the cup, but larger; approaching : permanent. Chives. Threads fix; hair-like; very ſhort. Tips up- right; double. Point. Seedbud turban-Shaped: three cornered. Shafts three; hair-like; reflected; ftanding out betwixt the chinks of the approaching petals. Summits large; jagged. S.Vess. None. The petals cloſing in a three cornered form contain the feed. SEEDS. Single; three fided. * Chives and pointals in the ſame flower. Valves beaded. DOCK. The valves very entire ; only one beaded. Leaves betwixt heart and ſpear-ſhaped --The outer valve of the flower is marked with a large red globular ſubſtance. The other valves have jeldom any globules, aud if they have they are very ſmall. Bloſſoms reddiſh. Lapathum folio acuto rubente. Bauh pin. 115. Ray's Syn. 142 Lapathum ſativum fanguineum. Gerard. 390. Bloodwort. In Woods. B. July: Bleeding Sanguineus Curled Criſpus DOCK. The valves entire ; beaded : leaves fpear-ſhaped ; waved at the edges; ſharp--- Lapathum folio acuto crifpo. Bauh. pin. 115. Ray's Syn. 141. Lapathum acutuin minus. Park. 226. Lapathi acuti varietas folio crifpo. Gerard. 387. Fields and road-fdes. P. June-July. The freſh roots bruiſed and made into an ointment or decocti- on cure the Itch. The feeds have been given with advantage in the dyſentery. Cows and Goats refuſe it. DOCK. The valves toothed and beaded. Leaves ſtrap-ſhaped - Bloſoms dirty yellow. Lapathum minimum. Bauh pin. 115. 1. With larger ſeeds and fewer whorls of flowers. Lapathum folio acuto, flore aureo. Baub pin. 115. Rays Syn. 149 Lapathum aureum. Rai's Syn. 14.2. Near the ſea-coast. i. In ditches and amongſt rubbiſh. P. July-Auguft. DOCK Golden Maritimus T H R E E POIN T A L S. 217 DOCK. The valves toothed and beaded. Leaves oblong heart- Sharp-pointed Shaped ; tapering to a point- Acutus Lapathum acutum. Gerard. 388. Ray's Syn. 142. Lapathum acutum majus. Park, 1224. Lapathum folio acuto plano, Bauh pin. 115. Uncultivated and wet fituations. P. June. Cows and Horſes refuſe it. It is infeſted by the Dock-louſe, Aphis Rumicis. DOCK. The valves toothed and beaded; leaves oblong heart- Broad-leaved Thaped ; a little ſcolloped, and rather blunt- Obtuſifolius Lapathum vulgare folio obtufo. Ray's Syn. 141, Lapathum ſylveſtre folio fubrotundo. Bauh. pin 115, Lapathum ſylveſtre vulgatius. Park. 1225. Lapathum ſylveſtre folio minus acuto. Gerard. 388. Road-fides and wet places. P. July-Auguſt. DOCK. The valves toothed; one or two beaded. Root-leaves Fiddle fiddle-ſhaped-Stem Leaves oblong egg-ſhaped, entire ; not indent- Pulcher ed at the fides, Flowering Branches crooked. The outer valve of the сир beaded.. Lapathum pulchrum Bononienſe ſinuatum, Ray's Syn. 142. Dry fields. P. June. **Chives and poirtals in the ſame flower. Valves not beaded. DOCK. The valves very entire ; not beaded. Leaves heart- Water Ihaped ; ſmooth; ſharp.--- Aquaticus Lapathum aquaticum folio cubitali. Bauh pin. 116. Lapathum maximum aquaticum, five hydrolapathum. Ray's Syn. 140. Hydrolapathum magnum. Gerard. 389. Hydrolapathum majus. Park. 1225. Lapathum longifolium nigrum paluſtre, five Britannica, an- tiquorum vera, vel-hydrolapathum nigrum. Munring. Great Water-dock In wet ditches, marſhes and flow ſtreams. P. July-Aug. There is ſome confuſion amongſt Botanical Writers in aſcer- taining which is the ſpecies of Dock, lo famous for medicinal purpoſes. Linnæus in his Materia Medica makes the Herba Britannica of the Diſpenſatory Writers to be the Lapathum aquaticum, folio cubitali of Bauhine ; pin. 116; and ſays the valves are very entire, and not beaded : and the leaves betruixt beart and Spear-ſhaped. In the Flora Suecica, ed. 2. he cails the leaves heart-ſhaped. In the 3d. edition of the Species Plantarum he adds to the laſt mentioned character of the leaves, the epi- thet harp: and afterwards in the 12th edit. of the Syſtema Na- turæ he ſays the leaves are beart-ſhaped, ſmooth and ſharp. Mr. Hudſon in his Flora Anglica, does not ſeem to conſider the RUMEX 218 SIX CHI VE S. Rumex aquaticus as a Britiſh fpecies, but takes the RUMEX Britannica of Linnæus to be our great Water Dock; and after giving the ſpecific character of that from the Species plantarum, adds, the Synonyms of Gerard, Parkinſon, Bauhine, Munting, and Ray. Now in the RUMEX Britannica all the Valves are beaded, and the Leaves are ſpear-ſhaped. Linnæus too ſeems to conſider this ſpecies as a native of Virginia, and as unknown to Bauhine ; he accordingly quotes the Synonyms of Colden and Gronovius; writers upon the North American Plants. Dr. Martyn in his Catalog. Horti. Cantab. confiders the Great Water Dock as the Rumex aquaticus of Linnæus, and takes notice of Hudſon calling it the Rumex Britannica. Dr. Lewis too in his Materia Medica, deſcribing the Great Water Dock ſays the Valves are not beaded. But then how happens it that a North American plant ſhould a obtain the trivial name Britannica? Munting, who wrote a volume to prove the Rumex Britannica to be the true Herba Britannica of the ancients, (ſee Pliny) ſays the word Britannica had no reference to the iſland of Great-Britain, but is compoſed of three Teutonic words, fignifying, to faſten looſe teeth. His deſcription of the root does not agree with that of Bauhine. In a dried fpecimen of my own, the Valves are not beaded; but a friend of mine hath one in his collection in which the Valves are all beaded. How ſhall we reconcile theſe differences? Is the plant ſubject to theſe varieties? or do both the ſpecies grow wild in Great-Britain ? Now the difficulty is pointed out, fu- ture obſervations will ſoon determine the matter. The virtues are probably the ſame in both. It is a medicine of conſiderable efficacy both externally applied as a waſh for putrid ſpongy gums, and internally in ſome ſpecies of Scurvy. In Rheumatic pains and in Chronical diſeaſes, owing to obſtructed viſcera, it is faid to be uſeful. The powdered root is one of the beſt things for cleaning the teeth. The Root of our ſpecies is blackiſh on the out-ſide, white within; ſometimes with a reddiſh tinge, but foon changing to a yellowiſh brown when expoſed to the air. The black and white Weevil, Curculio Lapathi, is found upon the leaves. Of the American Species there are two varieties ; in one the root is yellow both internally and externally : in the other it is black on the outer ſurface, with circular rings, and crange coloured within : brittle and ſpongy, but not fibrous : ſel- dom branched, but furniſhed with flender lateral threads. It grows in deep black muddy places. This is the root uſed by the native Indians of North America with ſuch fucceſs in foul ill- conditioned ulcers, and which they refuſed to diſcover to the Europeans for any price; but a lucky circumſtance revealed the ſecret. a a THREE PO IN T A L S. 219 ſecret. I ſaw an ill-conditioned ulcer in the mouth, which had deſtroyed the palate, cured with it, by waſhing the mouth with a decoction of the root, and drinking a ſmall quantity of the fame decoction daily. Cold. Pl. Coldhing. n. 68. Park. 745 DOCK. The flowers with only two pointals-Bloſom with Round-leaved four clefts. Cup of two leaves. Seedbud compreſſed. Stem trailing. Digynus Acetoſa cainbro-britannica montana. Round-leaved Mountain Sorrell. On Mountains. P. June. Goats eat it. *** Chives and pointals on diſtinct plants. DOCK. The leaves oblong; arrow-ſhaped-On purpliſh, leaf- Sorrel ſtalks. Bloſſoms reddiſh. Acetofa Lapathum acetofum vulgare. Ray's Syn. 143. Aceroſa vulgaris. Park. 742. Acetoſa pratenſis. Bauh. pin. 114. Oxalis ſeu acetoſa. Gerard. 396, Cuckow-meat. In paſtures. P. June. 1. There is a variety that is larger found upon Rocks near the Sea. The leaves are eaten in fauces and in ſallads. The Laplanders uſe them to turn their milk four. In France they are cultivated for the uſe of the table, being introduced in ſoups, ragouts and fricafies, In ſome parts of Ireland they eat them plentifully with milk, alternately biting and ſupping, The Iriſh alſo eat them with fiſh and other alcaleſcent food. The dried root gives out a beautiful red colour when boiled. Horſes, Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it.-The Sorrel Louſe, Aphis Acetoſa, feeds upon it. . DOCK. The leaves betwixt ſpear and halberd-ſhaped— Roots Little creeping. Bloſſoms yellowiſh. Acetoſella Lapathum acetofum repens lanceolatum. Ray's Syn. 143, Acetofa arvenſis lanceolata. Bauh. pin. 114. Acetofa minor lanceolata. Park. 744. Oxalis tenuifolia, Gerard, 397. Sheeps Sorrei. Sandy cornfields and paſtures, P. May-July. Horfés, Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it, Obs. The ſpotted red and white Underwing Moth, Phalæna Fu- liginoſa—the wild arrach Moth, Ph. Atriplicis--the bramble Moth, Ph. Rumicis, and the Meloe Proſcarabæus, are found upon the different ſpecies of this genus. Order 220 SIX CH I V E S. Order V. Many Pointals: 161 THRUMWORT. 460 Aliſma. Empal. Cup three leaves ; egg-ſhaped ; concave; per- manent. Bloss. Petals three ; circular; large ; flat ; greatly ex- panded. Chives. Threads fix; awl ſhaped; ſhorter than the blof- fom. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbuds more than five. Shafts ſimple, Summits blunt, S. Vess. Capſule compreſſed. SEEDS. Solitary ; ſmall, THRUMWORT. The leaves egg-ſhaped ; ſharp, Fruit with three fatted corners--Bloſſoms reddiſh white, Plantago aquatica. Ray's Syn. 257. Plantago aquatica major. Gerard. 417. Park. 1245. Plantago aquatica latifolia, Bauh. pin. 190. Great Water Plantain. In hallow waters. P. June--July. Goats eat it. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. Great Plantago Star-headed THRUMWORT. The leaves oblong heart-ſhaped. Flowers Dainalonium with fix pointals ; capſules awl-ſhaped— Bloſoms white. Plantago aquatica minor ſtellata. Gerard. 417, Plantago aquatica ſtellata. Bauh pin. Igo. Plantago aquatica minor muricata. Park. 1245. Damafoniuin ſtellatum Dalechampii. Ray's Syn, 272. Starry-headed Water Plantain. Ditches and ſtagnant waters. P. June—Auguſt. Floating THRUMWORT. The leaves egg-ſhaped s blunt. Fruita ſtalks folitary.-- Natans Creeping Water Plantain, Lakes. P. Auguft. Small THRUMWORT. The leaves betwix ſpear and ſtrap-ſhaped. Ranunculoi-Fruit globular ; fcurfy-- The flower opens about noon, and that des is the beſt time to look for it. Bloſſoms bluiſh white. Plantago aquatica minor. Park. 1245. Ray's Syn. 257, Plantago aquatica humilis. Gerard. 417. Plantago aquatica angustifolia. Bauh pin. 190. Leffer Water Plantain. In water, but not common. P. Jure-Auguſt . CLASS ( 221 ) CLASS VII. SE V EN CHI VE S. ORDER I. ONE POINT AL. 162 WIN TINTERGREEN. Cup ſeven leaves. Bloj. with ſeven diviſions ; flat. Berry one cell: dry. : 162 WINTER- 222 S E V EN CHI V E S. 3 162 WINTERGREEN. 461 Trientalis. EMPAL. Cup ſeven leaves ; ſpear-ſhaped; tapering; ex- panding; permanent. Bloss. Starry; flat; of one Petal with ſeven diviſions, ſlightly adhering at the baſe. Segments betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped. Chives. Threads ſeven ; hair-like; growing on the claws of the bloſſom; ſtanding wide; as long as the сир. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud globular. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit a knob. S. Vess. Berry not unlike a capſule ; dry; globular of one cell. Coat very thin ; opening by various feams. SEEDS. Several ; angular. Receptacle large; hollowed out to receive the feeds. Obs. Although ſeven is the general number in this plant it is not invariably ſo. The fruit is a dry berry, not opening with valves like a capſule. WINTERGREEN. The leaves ſpear-ſhaped; very entire- The petals cloſe when rain approaches, and the flowers hang down. Blofſoms white; on long fruit ftalks. Alfinanthemos. Ray's Syn. 286. Pyrola alfines flore Europæa. Bauh. pin. 191. Park 509 Woods and heaths P. June. Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. Cows refuſe it. Chickweed Europæa CLASS. ( 223 ) CL A S S VIII. EIGHT CHIVES. ORDER I. ONE POINT AL. * Flowers perfect. 63. WILLOWHERB. Bloſ; four petals. Cup four 164 CENTAURY. 165 WHORTLE. 166 HEATH. † Maple. . leaves : ſuperior. Capf. four cells. Seeds feathered. Bloſ. with eight clefts. Cup eight leaves : beneath. Capf. one cell. Two valves. Seeds many. Blof. one petal. Cup with four teeth: ſuperior. Chives growing on the feat. Fruit a berry, Blol. one petal. Cup four leaves : beneath. Chives growing on the feat. Fruit a capfule. * Heath Andromeda. * * Flowers imperfcet. † Primroſe Birds-neft. Cup with four equal clefts ; reſem- bling a bloſſom and incloſing the chives. Berry pulpy. Order 167 MEZEREON. 224 EIGHT CHI V E S. Order II. Two Pointals. + Saxifrage. + Palé Snakeweed. Order III. Three Pointals. 168 SNAKE WEED. Bloff. none. Cup with five diviſions: Seed fingle; naked. Order IV. Four Pointals. 769 MOSCHATEL. Blol). with four or five clefts : fupe- rior. Cup two leaves. Berry with four or five feeds. 170 WATERPIN É. Blol. four petals. Cup four leaves. Capſule four cells. 171 TRUELOVE. Blof. four petals ; awl-ſhaped. Cup four leaves, Berry four cells. Whorled Featherwort. 163 WILLOW ONE POINT A L. 225 163 WILLOWHERB. 47Epilobium. Emral. Cup four leaves; ſuperior. Leaves oblong; ta- pering; coloured; deciduous. Bloss. Petals four; circular; expanding; broadeſt on the outer part, and notched at the end. Chives. Threads eight ; awl-ſhaped; alternately ſhorter. Tips oval; compreſſed; blunt. Point. Seedbud beneath ; cylindrical; very long. Shaft thread-ſhaped. Summit with four clefts; thick; blunt; rolled backwards. S. Vess. Capſule very long; cylindrical; ſcored; of four cells and four valves. Seeds. Numerous; oblong; crowned with a feather. Receptacle very long; four cornered; looſe; limber; coloured. Oes. In ſome ſpecies the chives and pointals are upright, in other's they lean towards the lower ſide of the bloſſom. * Chives declining. WILLOWHERB with leaves betwixt ſtrap and ſpear-ſhaped; Roſebay ſcattering. Flowers unequal --Chives declining. Bloſſoms red. Anguſtifo- Receptacle replete with honey. Ciltivation produces bloſſoms of diffe- lium rent colours and purple ſtreaks in the leaves. Lyſimachia chamanerion dicta anguſtifolia. Bauh. pin. 245. Lyſimachia fpeciola, quibuſdam onagra dicta, filiquoſa. Ray's Syn. 310. Chamænerion flore delphinii. Park. 548. Goats are extremely fond of it; Cows and Sheep eat it. Horſes and Swine refuſe it. Woods and hedges. P. July-Auguſt. The Elephant Moth, Sphinx Elpenor, is found upon this plant. ** Chives upright, irregular. Petals cloven. WILLOWHERB with oppoſite, ſpear-ſhaped, woolly, toothed SmallAowered leaves. Seed-vefſels ſmooth-Bloſſoms pale purple. Parviflorum Lyſimachia filiquoſa hirſuta, parvo fore. Bauh. pin. 245. Lyfimachia fylvatica. Gerard. 476 Lyſimachia filiquofa fylveftris hirſuta. Park. 549. Epilobium hirfurum. Hudſon. 140. Sp. Plant. 494. Small flowered hairy Willowherb. Banks of rivers. P. July. Ray's Syn. 311. WILLOWHERE 226 E I G H T C H I V E S. Hairy Hirſutum Lower *** Chives upright, regular; petals cloven. WILLOWHERB. The leaves oppoſite; fpear-ſhaped; fer- rated; running along and embracing the ſtem--The wbole plant is a little hairy. Stem cylindrical; hairs expanding. Branches oppoſite. Flowers in bunches; terminating s alternate; one upon each little fruit-ſtalk. Seedbud woolly. Petals cloven half way down. Chives upright; regular. Bloſſoms red. Epilobium ramofum. Hudſon. 141. Lyſimachia filiquoſa hirſuta magno flore. Bauh. pin. 245. Ray's Syn. 311. Great flowered Willow herb, or Codlings and Cream. Wet hedges and rivulets. P. July. The top ſhoots have a very delicate fragrancy, but fo tranfi- tory that before they have been gathered five minutes it is no longer perceptible. - Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it; Swine refuſe it. - Smooth-leaved WILLOWHERB. The leaves oppofite; egg-ſhaped ; toothed Montanum Stem very ſoft; cylindrical; upright; reddiſh. Leaves covered with, very fine Soft down eſpecially on the under ſurface. Petals cloven; red; ſometimes white. Lyfimachia campeſtris. Gerard. 478. Lyfimachia ſiliquoſa glabra major. Bauh. pin. 245. Lyfimachia filiquoſa major. Park. 548. In wet gravelly foil. B. June. Goats eat it. Horſes are not fond of it. Narrowleaved WILLOWHERB. The leaves ſpear ſhaped; ſet with little Tetragonum teeth. The lower ones oppoſite. Stem four cornered–The young leaves have livid ſpots, and the tender top of the plant hangs down, Bloſſoms red, Lyſimachia filiquoſa glabra media feu minor. Gerard. 479. Ray's Syn. 311. Lyfimachia filiquoſa glabra minor. Bauh. pin. 245. Ditches and rivulets. P. July. March WILLOWHERB. The leaves oppoſite; ſpear-ſhaped; very Paluſtre entire. Petals notched at the end. Stem upright-Leaves in- diſtinctly toothed. Petals reddiſh. Pods on fruit-ſtalks. Lylimachia filiquofa glabra minor anguſtifolia. Gerard. 479. Rav's Syn. 311. Lyfimachia filiquoſa glabra anguſtifolia. Bauh. pin. 245. In marſhes. P. Juiy. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. WILLOWHERB. Ο Ν Ε Ρ ΟΙ Ν Τ Α L. 227 WILLOWHERB. The leaves oppoſite; betwixt egg and Mountain ípear-ſhaped; very entire. Pods ſitting ; Stem creeping-hardly Alpinuin a ſpan long. Bloſſoms pale red, Lyſimachia filiquoſa glabra minor latifolia. Ray's Sjan. 311. Near rivulets on the ſides of hills. P. July. 164 CENTAURY. 1258 Chlora. EMPAL. Cup of eight ſharp leaves: permanent. Bloss. One petal; funnel-ſhaped. The Border divided into eight fpear-ſhaped Segments, lapping over each other. Chives. Threads eight; awl-ſhaped; inſerted into the upper part of the tube. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud oblong; four cornered ; longer than the tube. Shaft cylindrical; cloven. horſe-ſhoe-ſhaped. S.Vess. Capſule oblong; four cornered; of one cell, and two valves. SEEDS. Numerous; ſmall; egg-ſhaped. OBs. This generic deſcription was taken from nature, before the publication of the Manriffa Plantarum. Linnæus had confidered it as a ſpecies of GENTIAN, and in the laſt edition of the Sp. Pl. ar- ranged it as ſuch; but Mr. Hudſon, convinced of the impropriety of this arrangement, confilered it as a new genus and called it BLACK STONIA ; his deſcription however differs confiderably both from that of Linnæ ils and from mine; but perhaps the plant itſelf is ſubject to variations. Summits two; CENTAURY with perforated leaves--Bloſſoms yellowo; in looſe Yellow cluſters; terminating Perfoliata Centaureum luteum perfoliatum. Bauh. pin. 278. Ray’s Syn. 287. Centaureum parvum luteum lobelii. Gerard. 547. Centaureum minus luteum et perfoliatum non ramoſum. Elackſtonia perfoliata. Hudſon. 146. In paſtures. A. July. Park. 271. ( ) 2 165 WHORTLE. 228 E I G H T CHI VE S. 165 WHORTLE. 483 Vaccinium. Empal. Cup very ſmall; fuperior: permanent. Bloss. One petal; bell-ſhaped; with four clefts. Seg- ments rolled backwards. Chives. Threads eight; fimple. Tips with two horns; opening at the point, and furniſhed with two ex- panding awns which are fixed to the back. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shaft fimple; longer than the chives. Summit blunt. S.Vess. Berry with four cells ; globular, with a hollow dimple. SEEDS. Few; ſmall. Ogs. The Biberry WHORTLE and ſeveral foreign ſpecies have frequently one fourth more in number in the parts of the flower. In this ſpecies the cup is very entire, but in others it hath four clefts. In the Craneberry WHORTLE the new blown blollom is almoſt entire and is rolled backwards towards its baſe. * Leaves deciduous. Bilberry WHORTLE. The fruit-ſtalks ſupporting only one flower. Myrtillus Leaves ferrated; egg ſhaped ; deciduous. Stem angular-Chives ten. Bloſſom with five clefts; reddiſh white. Berries bluiſh black. Vitis idæa, foliis oblongis crenatis, fructu nigricante. Bauh. pin. 470. Vitis idea anguloſa. Ray's Syn. 457 Vaccinia nigra. Gerard. 1415. vulgaria. Park. 1455. Black-worts. Whortle berries. Biberries. Wind-berry. Woods and heaths. P. April-May. The berries are very acceptable to children, either eaten by themſelves, or with milk, or in tarts. The moor game live upon them in the autumn. The juice ſtains paper or linen purple - Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Horſes and Cows refule it. Great WHORTLE. The fruit-ſtalks ſupporting only one flower ; Uligi nofum leaves very entire; oval; blunt; ſmooth-fringed at the baſe; deciduous. Bloſſoms purpliſh white. Berry bluiſh black. Vitis idea foliis fubrotundis exalbidis. Bauh. pin. 470. Vitis idea magna quibuſdain, five myrtillus grandis. Roy's Syn. 457: Vitis idea foliis fubrotundis major. Gerard. 1416. Vaccinia nigra fructu majore. Park. 1455. Great Bilberry Buſh. Northern counties. S. April -- May. Children ſometimes eat the berries; but in large quantities they occafion giddineſs and a flight head-ach, eſpecially when full grown ONE POINT AL. 229 grown and quite ripe. Brookes ſays many vintners in France make uſe of the juice to colour their white wines red.--Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. ** Leaves Evergreen. WHORTLE with flowers in bunches; terminating; nod-Red ding. Leaves inverſely egg-ſhaped ; very entire ; rolled back at Vitis idæa the edges; dotted on the under fide-Bloſſoms reddiſh white. Vaccinia rubra. Gerard. 1415. Vaccinia rubra buxeis foliis. Park. 1458. Vitis idæa foliis fubrotundis non crenatis, baccis rubris. Bauh. pin. 470 Vitis idoa ſein pervirens fructu rubro. Ray's Syn. 457. Red Whortle-berries. High commons and heaths. S. April-May. The berries are eaten largely by the country people, as nature preſents them. They may be made into tarts or jelly Goats eat it. Cows, Sheep and Horſes refuſe it. WHORTLE. The leaves egg-ſhaped; very entire ; rolled Craneberry back at the edges. Stems creeping; thread-ſhaped ; naked — Oxycoccos Flowers in a very ſhort bunch; upon very long fruit-ſtalks. Floral Leaves two; alternate. Bloſſoms rolled back; reddiſh white. Berry red, mottled with purple. Vaccinium paluſtre. Park. 1229. Vaccinia paluitria. Gerard. 1425. Vitis idoa paluſtris. Bauh. pin. 471. Oxycoccos teu vaccinia paluftria. Ray's Syn. 267- Cran-berries. Moſs-berries. Moor-berries. In wet moffy and peaty land. S. May-June. The berries are hardly eatable alone, but when made into tarts fome people prefer them to all other ſweetineats. They may be kept for years, by drying them a little in the fun, and then Itopping them up in dry bottles.---Goats and Swine eat it. Horſes, Cows and Sheep refuſe it. . 2.3 266 HEATH. 230 EIGHT CHI VE S. 166 HEATH. 484 Erica Empat. Cup with four leaves; egg ſhaped; upright; co- loured; permanent. Bloss. One petal, bell-Shaped; with four clefts, often diftended. Cuves. Threads eight; hair-like; ſtanding on the re- ceptacle. Tips cloven at the point. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped; ſtraight; longer than the chives. Summits reſembling a little crown; with four clefts and four edges. S.Vess. Capſule roundiſh; incloſed ; ſmaller than the cup; with four cells and four valves. Seeds. Numerous; very ſmall. Obs. In ſome ſpecies the cup is double; in the Firleaved HEATH it conſiſts of one leaf with four diviſions. The figure of the bloſſom varies betwixt egg-ſhaped and oblong. The chives in ſome ſpecies are longer and in others ſhorter than the bloſſom. Common Vulgaris a * Tips with two horns. HEATH. The tips incloſed within the bloſſom. Bloſſoms unequal; bell-ſhaped; rather ſhorter than the cup. Leaves oppoſite; arrow-Shaped-Stems brown; woody. Leaves oppoſite; Somewhat three edged; the lower edge channelled; fixed to the from above the baſe, which is cloven and ſharp. Bloſſom with four clefts going more than half way down ; purpliſh. Shaft aſcending. Erica vulgaris. Park. 14E0. Ray's Syn. 470. Erica vulgaris ſeu pumila. Gerard. 1330. Erica vulgaris glabra. Bauh. pin. 485. Ling. Grig. 1. There is a variety with white bloſſoms. On commons and moors. S. June-Auguſt. This plant, but little regarded in happier climates, is made ſublervient to a great variety of purpoſes, in the bleak and barren Highlands of Scotland. The poorer inhabitants inake walls for their cottages, with alternate layers of heath, and a kind of mortar made of black earth and ſtraw. The woody roots of the heath being placed in the center, the tops externally , and internally. They make their beds of it, by placing the mi roots downwards, and the tops only being uppermott, they are fufficiently ſoft to fleep upon. Cabbins are thatched with it. In the iſland of Ilay, ale is frequently made by brewing one part malt, and two parts of the young tops of heath; ſometimes they add hops. Boethius relates that this liquor was much uſed by the Pists. Pennant's Tour. 1772. p. 229. Woollen ONE POINT A L. 231 Woollen cloth boiled in aluin water, and afterwards in a ſtrong decoction of the tops of heath, comes out a fine orange colour. The ſtalks and tops will tan leather. In England befoms are made of it, and faggots to burn in ovens, or to fill up drains that are to be covered over. Sheep and Goats will ſometimes eat the tender ſhoots, but they are not fond of them. Cattle not accuſtomed to browſe on heath, give bloody milk, but are foon cured by drinking plentifully of water. Pennant's Tour. 1772. p. 229. Horſes will eat it. Bees extract a great deal of honey from the flowers ; and where heath abounds the honey has a reddiſh caſt; otherwiſe it is white. HEATH. The tips incloſed within the bloſſoms; which are Fine-leaved egg-ſhaped and grow in bunches. Leaves growing by threes; Cinerea Atrap-ſhaped, ſmooth-fleſhy. Bloſſoms purpliſh pink. Stem aſh-coloured, woody. 13072 Erica tenuifolia. Gerard. 1780. Ray's Syn. 471. Erica humilis cortice cinereo, arbuti flore. Bauh. pin. 486. Erica virgata, feu VI. Clufii. Park. 1483. 1. Little branches in diſtant whorls, three in each whorl. Wborled Erica tervis per intervalla ramulis. Bauh. pin, 486. On heaths and in very dry woods. S. June-Auguſt. HEATH. The tips incloſed within the bloſſoms; which are Croſs-leaved nearly globular; incorporated; longer than the leaves. Leaves Tetralix growing by fours, fringed, expanding-Bloſſoms purple. Erica major flore purpureo. Gerard, 1382. Erica ex rubro nigricans ſcoparia. Bauh. pin. 486. Erica brabantica folio coridis hirſuto quaterno. Ray's Syn. 471. On moiſt commons. S. July-Auguſt, Goats eat it. ** Tips ſimple, blunt; notched at the end, HEATH. The tips incloſed within the bloſſoms which are Rough-leaved egg-ſhaped, but irregular and collected into bunches. Leaves Ciliaris growing by threes, fringed, expanding - The whole plant is ſome- what woody, and about two feet bigh. Leaves oblong egg-ſhaped, Sharp; rolled back at the edges. Bloſſoms large, egg-Shaped, con- tracted and irregular at the mouth; pale pink or purple. Erica vulgaris hirſuta. Gerard. 1982. Ray's Syn. 471. Erica hirſuta anglica. Ray's Syn, 602. Erica vulgaris hirſutior. Park. 1480. On Commons. S. June - July. QA HEATH. 232 E I G H T CHI VE S. Fir-leaved Multiflora HEATH, The tips appearing above the bloſſoms, which are cylindrical, and longer than the cup. Leaves ſtrap-ſhaped, ex- , panding; growing by fives—Bloſſoms numerous, purple. Tips red; ſo much divided as to appear like two on each thread. Erica foliis corios multiflora. Ray's Syn. 471. On commons. S. June-July. The Heath Fritillary Butterfly, Papilio Maturna, is found upon the different ſpecies of this genus. 167 ME ZEREON. 485 Daphne. . Empal. Cup none. Bloss, One petal; funnel-ſhaped. Tube cylindrical; cloſed at the baſe, longer than the Border which hath four clefts; the Segments egg-ſhaped; ſharp; flat; expanding. Chives. Threads eight; ſhort; ſtanding in the tube; four of them alternately lower than the other four. Tips upright; roundiſh; with two cells. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft very ſhort. - ſhort. Summit a knob; flat, but ſomewhat depreſſed, S.Vess. Berry of one cell; roundiſh. Seed. Single; nearly globular; fleſhy. MEZEREON with flowers growing by threes; fitting upon the Stem. Leaves fpear-ſhaped; deciduous --The terminating Buds produce leaves; the lateral Buds, flowers; which open very early in the Spring; often in the winter, and are so thick ſet as to make the branches appear of a beautiful red. Laureola folio deciduo, flore purpureo. Bauh. pin. 426. · Camælæa Germanica, feu Mezereon. Gerard. 1403. vulgo Spurge Olive. Widow-wail. In woods near Andover. S. February - March. Varieties are 1. Leaves with yellow ſtripes. 2. Bloſſoms white; Berries yellowiſh. 3. Bloſſoms pale red. An cintment prepared from the bark or the berries, hath been fuceſsfully applied to ill conditioned ulcers. The whole plant is very corroſive. Six of the berries will kill a wolf. A woman gave twelve grains of the berries to her daughter who had a quartan ague : fhe vomitted blood, and died immediately. A decoction made of two drams of the cortical part of the root, boiled in three pints of water till one pint is waſted ; and this quantity drank daily, is found very efficacious in reſolving vene- Olive Mezercum Park. 205. venereal Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 333 a a real nodes and other indurations of the perioſteum. See Dr. Ruffel's paper in the Med. Obf. and Inquiries, vol. 3. p. 189. The conſiderable and long continued heat and irritation that it produces in the throat when chewed, made me firſt think of giving it in a caſe of a difficulty in ſwallowing, ſeemingly occa- fioned by a paralytic affection. The patient was directed to chew thin ſlice of the root as often as ſhe could bear to do it; and in about two months ſhe recovered her power of ſwallowing. This woman bore the diſagreeable irritation, and the ulcerations its acrimony occaſioned in her mouth, with great reſolution ; for ſhe was reduced to ſkin and bone, and for three years before had ſuffered extremely from hunger without being able to ſatisfy her appetite; for ſhe ſwallowed liquids very imperfectly and ſolids not at all. The complaint caine on after lying-in.- The plant is eaten by Sheep and Goats, but Cows and Horſes refuſe it. MEZEREON with five flowers forming a bunch at the baſe Laurel of the leaves; which are ſmooth and ſpear-ſhaped-Bloffoms yel- Laureola lowiſh green. The five flowers terminating the bunches are colle&ted into a little rundle and are furniſhed with concave floral leaves. Laureola. Gerard. 1405. Park. 205. Ray's Syn. 465. Laureola ſempervirens flore viridi, quibufdamn laureolamas, Bauh. pin. 462. 1. There is a variety with variegated leaves. Spurge Laurel. Woods and hedges. S. March. Very happy effects have been experienced from this plant in rheumatic fevers. It operates as a briſk and rather ſevere pur- gative. It is an efficacious medicine in worm caſes; and upon many accounts deſerves to be better known to phyficians; but in leſs ſkilful hands it would be dangerous, as it is pofſeffed of con- fiderable acrimony. The whole plant hath the ſame qualities, but the bark of the root is the itrongeſt . Dr. Alfon fixes the outſide doſe at ten grains, Order 3. 234 EIGHT CHI VE S. Order III. Three Pointals. 168 SNAKE WEED. 495 Polygonum. ENPAL. Cup turban-ſhaped ; with five diviſions: coloured within. Segments egg-ſhaped; blunt: permanent. Bloss. None; unleſs you call the cup the bloſſom. Chives. Threads generally eight; awl-ſhaped; very ſhort. Tips roundiſh; fixed fide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud three cornered. Shafts generally three; thread-ſhaped ; very ſhort. ſhort. Sumnits fimple. S. VISS. None. The Cup laps round the feed. SEED. Single ; three cornered; ſharp. Obs. In the fourth and fifth Species there are only fix, and in the third ſpecies only five chives. In the third, fourth, fifth and fixth ſpecies there are only two pointals. In the Pepper SNAKEWEED the feedbud and the ſeed are egg-ſhaped and compreſſed. * Flowers in a ſingle ſpike. Biſtort SNAKEWEED. The ſtem undivided; ſupporting a ſingle Biſtorta ſpike of flowers. Leaves egg-ſhaped, running down the leaf- ſtalks.-Spike pale red. Biſtorta major. Gerard. Gerard. 399. Ray's Syn, 147. vulgaris. Park. 391. Biſtorta major, radice minus intorta. Bauh. pin. 192. In wet meadowes. P. May-June. The root is one of the ſtrongeſt vegetable aſtringents. Smaller SNAKEWEED. The ſtem undivided; ſupporting a ſingle Viviparun ſpike of flowers ; leaves ſpear-ſhaped-Bloſſoms whitiſ. The lower florvers of the ſpike are frequently changed into vegetating bulbs Biſtorta minor. Gerard. 399. Ray's Syn. 147. noſtras. Park. 392. Biſtorta alpina minor. Pauh. pin. 192. 1. There is a variety in which the lower leaves are almoſt circu- lar and very minutely ferrated. Ray's Syn. 147. Small Biſtort. High pastures. P. June. The roots dried and ground to powder are nutritious. Cows, Goats and Swine eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Hories refute it. ** Pointal THRE E POINT AL S. 235 ** Pointal cloven or divided. Chives fewer than eight. SNAKEWEED. The flowers with five chives ; pointal clo- Perennial ven half way down, ſpike egg ſhaped-reddiſh. When it grožus in Amphibium the water the chives are ſhorter than the bloſom; but when it grows upon dry land they are longer then the bloſſom. In the former ſituati- on the plant floats upon the water, is ſmooth and of a pleaſant green; but in the latter it is rough and dark. Perſicaria falicis folio perennis, potamogiton anguſtifoliuin dicta. Ray's Syn. 145 Potamogiton anguſtifolium. Gerard. 821. Potamogiton ſalicis folio. Bauh. pin, 131. Fontalis major longifolia. Park. 1254. Perennial arſmart. Red-fhanks. Ditches and marſhes. P. July. Horſes, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it. Cows refuſe it. SNAKEWEED, The flowers generally with fix chives ; Pepper pointals deeply divided. Leaves ſpear-ſhaped; props but little Hydropiper fringed--Leaves ſmooth on both ſurfaces, with every minute briſtles at the edges. Bloſſoms purple or white; in long terminating ſpikes. Summits globular. Perſicaria urens, five hydropiper. Bauh. pin. 101. Perſicaria vulgaris acris, ſeu hydropiper. Ray's Syn. 144. Perſicaria vulgaris acris, feu minor. Park. 856. Hydropiper. Gerard. 445. Water-pepper. Arſmart, Lakeweed. Rivulets, ditches. A. July-Auguft. The whole plant has an acrid burning taſte. It cures little aphthous Ulcers in the mouth. It dyes wool yellow. The aſhes of this plant mixed with ſoft ſoap is a noftrum, in a few hands, for diffolving the ſtone in the Bladder ; but it may be reaſonably queſtioned whether it has any advantage over other cauſtic pre- parations of the vegetable Alcali. Horſes, Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. a a SNAKEWEED. 236 EIGHT CHI VE S. Spotted Perſicaria SNAKEWEED. The flowers generally with fix chives and two pointals. Spikes oblong egg-ihaped ; leaves ſpear-ſhaped ; props fringed-Leaves downy on the under ſurface; and jometimes with a dark ſpot in the Shape of a creſcent on the upper ſurface. Blof- toms in terminating Spikes ; reddiſh. Perficaria maculofa. Gerard. 445. Ray's Syn. 145. Perſicaria mitis maculoſa et non maculofa. Bauh. pin, 101. Perficaria vulgaris mitis feu maculofa. Park. 856. 1. There is one variety with narrower leaves, ſending forth flowers from each joint. Bauh. pin. 101. Ray's Syn. 145. 2. And another in which the leaves are downy on the under ſur- face. Ray's Syn. 145. In ſome inſtances there are ſeven chives in each flower, and the pointal is fingle, but the ſhaft divided halfway down). Dead or ſpotted Arfiart. Common. A. Auguft. Its taſte is ſlightly acid and aſtringent. Woollen Cloth dipe ped in a ſolution of Alum obtains a yellow colour from this plant. Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it. Cows and Swine refuſe it. a cum - *** Florets with eight chives. Pale SNAKEWEED. The flowers with eight chives and two Penſylvani- pointals. Fruit-ſtalks covered with rough hairs. Leaves ſpear- 1haped ; props without awns. The whole plant is not much unlike the preceding ſpecies, but more ſtiff and ſiraight. Stem branched ; an- gular. Leaves very rough along the middle rib on the under ſurface. The Prickles on the fruit-ſtalks fecrete a glutinous liquor. Flow- ers upon little foot-fialks, forming a ſpike ſomewhat branched; Blof- ſoms pale-red. Per ficaria mitis major, foliis pallidioribus. Ray's Syn. 145. Pale Arſmart. Cornfields and ainong rubbish. A. Auguſt. Marine SNAKEWEED. The flowers with eight chives and three Maritimum pointals, growing at the baſe of the leaves; which are betwixt oval and 1pear-thaped; evergreen. Stem ſomewhat woody- The Leaves become blue when dried. The whole plant l'eſembles the Knotgraſs SNAKEWEED but is larger and more firm. Bloſſoms white; four in a place. Polygonum marinum. Ray's Syn. 147. Polygonum marinum maximum. Gerard. 564. Pylygonum maritimum latifolium. Bauh. pin. 281. Polygonum marinum majus. Park, 444. Sea Knotgraſs. Sea coast. P. July, SNAKEWEED. THREE POINT AL S. 237 upon them. SNAKEWEED. The flowers with eight chives, and three Knotgrafs pointals; growing at the baſe of the leaves ; which are ſpearAviculare Ihaped. Stem trailing; herbaceous-Bloſſoms pale pink. Shafts hardly perceptible. Polygonum mas vulgare. Gerard. 565. Ray's Syn. 146. Polygonum mas vulgare majus. Parkı 443 Polygonuin latifolium. Bauh. pin. 281. 1. The figure of the leaves varies a good deal in different fitu- ations. Knotgraſs. Roadſides and Cornfields. A. June—September. The feeds are uſeful for every purpoſe in which thoſe of the next. ſpecies are employed. Great numbers of ſmall Birds feed Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horſes and Swine eat it. It affords nouriſhment to the Chryſomela Polygoni. * * * * Leaves nearly beart-ſhaped SNAKEWEED. The leaves betwixt heart and arrow-ſhap- Buckwheat ed : ftem unarmed; nearly upright; the angles of the feeds Fagopyrum equal-Bloljoms purpliſh white; in long looſe ſpikes. Fagopyrum. 'Ray's Syn. 144. Gerard. 89. Park. 1141. Eryſimum Theophraiti folio hederaceo. Bauh. pin. 27. Buckwheat. Branks. Frenchwheat. Crap. Cornfields. A. July-August. This plant is very impatient of cold, dying at the very first attack of froſt. The feeds furniſh a nutritious meal, which is not apt to turn acid upon the Stomach. It is made into thin cakes in fome parts of England, called Crumpits. It is uſual with Far- mers to fow a crop of Buckwheat and to plough it under where fully grown, as a manure to the land. The feeds are excellent food for poultry. Sheep that eat this plant become unhealthful. As it fowers late in the ſummer, M. Du Hamel, in his obſerva- tions upon the management of Bees, adviſes to move the hives in the autumn to a ſituation where plenty of this plant is town, Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. Swine and Horſes refule is, - SNAKEWEED. 238 E I G H T CHI VE S. Binding SNAKEWEED. The leaves heart-ſhaped ; ſtem angular; Convolvulus twining. Flowers blunt—Tips violet colour. Flowers in bunches on fruit-fialks ariſing from the baſe of the leaves. The whole fruit- ſtalk is covered by the flowers. Bloſſoms greeniſh white. Leaves ſometimes arrow-ſhaped with the two angles at the baſe lopped. Convolvulus minor ſemine triangulo. Bauh. pin. 295. Convolvulus minor atriplicis folio. Park. 171. Volubilis nigra. Gerard. 863. Fagopyrum ſcandens fylveſtre. Ray's Syn. 144. Black Bindweed. Cornfields and garden-hedges. A. June--September. The feeds are quite as good for uſe as thoſe of the preceding ſpecies. Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep, Swine and Horſes refuſe it. Oes. The ſpotted Buff Moth, Phalæna Lubricipeda, is found upon ſeveral ſpecies of this gcnus. Order IV. Four Pointals. 501 Adoxa. 169 MOSCHATEL. Empal. Cup beneath: cloven; flat; permanent. Bloss. One petal; with four clefts; flat. Segments egg- fhaped; ſharp; longer than the cup. Cuves. Threads eight; awl-ſhaped; as long as the cup. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath the receptacle of the bloſſom. Shafts four; fimple; upright; as long as the chives : permanent. Summits ſimple. S. VESS. Berry globular; betwixt the cup and the bloſ- fom. the cup connected with the underſide of the berry, which hath four cells, and a hollow dimple. SEIDS. Solitary; compreſſed. Ors. Such are the characters of the terminating flowers; but the lateral flowers have bloſſoms with five clefts ; ten threads, and five pointals. ; MOSCHATEL F OUR POINT AL S. 239 MOSCHATEL. Lateral bloſſoms with five clefts-Bloſoms Tuberous grcen, with yellow chives. Fruitſtalk quadrangular ; naked; ter- Moſchatellina minating. From the baſe of the buds and leaves, Spring out folitary Runners, whirh deſcend to the ground and take root. Berries reddiſh. Moſchatellina foliis fumariæ bulbofæ. Ray's Syn. 267. Ranunculus nemorofus mofchatella dictus. Park. 226. Ranunculus nemorum moſchatellina dictus. Bauh. pin. 178. Radix cava minima viridi flore. Gerard, iogo. Woods and ſhady places. P. March-April. Goats eat it. Cows refuſe it. 502 Elatine. 170 WATER PINE. EMPAL. Cup four leaves ; circular; flat ; as large as the bloſſom ; permanent. Bloss. Petals four; egg-ſhaped ; blunt; fitting; expand- ing. Chives. Threads eight; as long as the bloſſom. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud large; round; globular but depreffed, Shafts four; upright; parallel; as long as the chives. Summits fimple. S. Vess. Capſule large; round; globular but depreſſed: with four cells and four valves. SEEDS. Several; creſcent-ſhaped; upright; ſurrounding the receptacle like a wheel. WATERPINE, with leaves growing in whorls—long and Boggy Altinaft: Equiſetum paluſtre linariæ fcopariæ folio. Bauh. pin, 15. Allinaftrum gratiolæ folio. Ray's Syn, 346. Water-wort. In muddy ditches and boys. P. Auguft. narrowu. 1;1 TRUE. 240 E I G H T CHI VE S. 171 TRUELOVE. 500 Paris. EMPAL. Cup of four leaves; permanent. Leaves ſpear- ſhaped, ſharp; as large as the bloſſom ; expanding. Bloss. Petals four; expanding; awl-ſhaped ; reſembling the cup; permanent. Cuves. Threads eight ; awl-ſhaped ; ſhort beneath the tips. Tips long, growing to the middle of the threads, and on each ſide of them. Point. Seedbud roundiſh, but with four angles. Shafts four; expanding ; ſhorter than the chives. Summits fimple. S. Vess. Berry globular; with four angles and four cells. SEEDS. Several; lying in a double range. Four-Icaved TRUELOVE. As there is only one ſpecies known, Linnæuis Quadrifolia gives no deſcription of it.--Stem fingle, naked. Blofom pale green. Berry bluiſh black. Leaves of the cup longer than the petals ; petals longer than the chives; chives longer than the ſhafts, and theſe longer than the berry. Herba Paris. Gerard. 405. Park. 390. Ray's Syn. 264. Solanum quadrifolium bacciferuin. Bauh. pin. 167. Herb Paris. One-berry. Woods and ſhady places. P. May-June. The leaves and berries are ſaid to partake of the properties of Opium. The juice of the berries is uſeful in Inflammations of the eyes. Linnæus ſays the root will vomit as well as Ipecacu- anha, but it muſt be given in a double quantity.-Goats and Sheep eat it. Cows, Horſes and Swine refuſe it CLASS. ( 241 ) C L A S SIX, NI NE CH I V ES, ORDER III. SIX POINTALS: *7PG LADIOLE. Cup none. Blol. fix petals. Capſules fix. * Water Frogbit, Seeds many: R 172 GLADIOLE. 242 NI NE CHIVE S. 172 GLADIOLE. 507 Butomus. Empal. Fence fimple ; of three leaves; ſhort. Bloss. Petals fix ; circular; concave; fhrivelling ; every other petal ſtanding on the out-fide, ſmaller and ſharper. Chives. Threads nine ; awl-fhaped. Six of them ſtand on the out-fide the others. Tips compoſed of two plates. Point. Seedbuds fix; oblong; tapering; ending in Shafts. Summits ſimple. S. Vess. Capſules fix; oblong; gradually tapering; up- right; of one valve which opens inwards. Seeds. Many; oblong; cylindrical; blunt at each end. Water GLADIOLE. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus Umbellatus gives no deſcription of it.—The root leaves long, narrow. Stem cylindrical, naked. Bloſſoms purple and white; terminating; fome- times quite white. Butomus. Ray's Syn. 273. Juncus floridus. Park. 1197. Juncus floridus major. Bauh. pin, 12. Gladiolus paluftris cordi. Gerard. 29. Flowering Ruſh. In muddy ditches. P. June. Neither Cows, Horfes, Sleep, Swine or Goats will eat it. CLASS ( 243 ) C L A S S X. CLASS Τ Ν T E N C H I V E S. ORDERI. ONE POINT A L. 173 BIRDSNEST. Cup reſembling a bloffom; hunch- * Flowers of many equal Petals. . ed at the . cells. Seeds many: 174 PEARLEAF. . Tips with two horns pointing up- wards. Capf. with five cells. Seeds many + Geraniums. ** Flowers of one regular Petal. 175 GARDROBE. Blof. bell-ſhaped ; roundiſh; Capſ. with five cells. 176 STRAWBERRYTREE. Blol. egg-ſhaped ; tranſparent at the baſe. Berry with five cells. * Whortle Bilberry. Order II. Two Pointals. 177 KNAWEL. Bloll. none. Cup with five cleſts ; fuperior. Seeds two. 178 SAX- R. 2 244 T E N C HIV E S. 178 SAXIFRAGE. 179 SENGREEN. 180 SOAPWORT. Blol. none. Cup fuperior. Capf. with two cells and two bills. Blof. five petals. Cup with five diviſions. Capf. with one cell and two bills. Blof. five petals. Cup tubular; naked at the baſe. Capf. with one cell; oblong. Bloff. five petals. Cup tubular; ſcaly at the baſe. Capf. with one cell; oblong. 181 Pink. Order III. Three Pointals. 182 SANDWORT. _Capſ. with one cell. Petals entire; expanding 183 STITCHWORT. Capf. with one cell. Petals divided almoſt to the baſe; expanding. 184 CAMPION. Cap. with three cells. Petals clo- Mouth naked. 185 CATCHFLY. Capſ. with three cells. Petals clo- Mouth crowned. * Dwarf Elder, ven. ven. Order IV. Five Pointals. 186 NAVÉLWORT. Capſ, five, with a honey-cup to each. Blog. one petal. 187 STONECROP. Capſ. five, with a honey-cup to each. Blof. five petals. 188 SPURREY. Capf. with one cell. Petals entire. Cup five leaves. 189 MOUSE-EAR. Capſ. with one cell. Petals cloven. Cup five leaves. Capf. with one cell ; oblong; Cup tubular; like leather. 191 CUCKOWFLOWER. Capf. with three cells : oblong; Cup tubular; membranaceous. 192 WOODSORREL. Capſ. with five cells, angular. Blol. ſomewhat connected at the baſe. Geraniums. | Tuberous Mofchatel. 190 COCKLE. 173 BIRDS ONE POINT A L. 245 173 BIRDSNE ST. 536 Monotropa. EMPAL. None : unleſs you call the five outermoſt co- loured petals the сир. Bloss. Petals ten ; oblong; nearly parallel and upright; ſerrated towards the point, deciduous. The five outermoſt are hunched at the baſe, and have a ca- vity for honey on the inſide. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped ; upright; fimple. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud roundiſh, tapering to a point. Shaft cy- lindrical ; as long as the chives. Summit a blunt knob. S.Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped ; blunt; with five angles and five valves. Seeds. Numerous; chaffy, Obs, Such are the generic characters of the terminating frocver. But if there are any lateral powers they contain one fifth part leſs in number. in BIRDSNEST. The lateral flowers with eight; but the ter- Primroſe minating flower with ten chives—The whole plant ſmells ſweet, Hypopithy's and is of a pale yellow colour, which peculiarity is generally confined to paraſtical plants and thoſe that grow very ſhady ſituations. Hypopitys lutea. Ray's Syn. 317. Orobanche hypopitys. Bauh. pin. 88. Birds-neſt, ſmelling like Primroſe roots. In woods ; not common. P. July The country people in Sweden give the dried plant to cattle that have a Cough. 174 PEARLE A F. 554 Pyrola. Empal. Cup with five diviſions ; very ſmall; permanent, Bloss. Petals five ; circular; concave; expanding. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped ; ſhorter than the blof- fom. Tips large; nodding; with two horns point- ing upwards Point. Seedbud roundiſh, angular. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; longer than the chives; permanent. Summit rather thick. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh; depreſſed; with five angles and five cells; opening at the angles. SEEDS. Numerous; chally. OBs. In ſome ſpecies the threads and Maft are upright, in others declining to one fide, and in others again expanding. The Shape of the ſummit is different in different ſpecies. R 3 PEARLEAF. 246 TEN CHIVES. Winter-green PEARLEAF. The chives afcending; the pointal declining. Rotundifolia - Bloſſoms white; on Nender fruit ftalks. Pyrola. Gerard. 408. Ray's Syn, 363. Pyrola noftras vulgaris. Park. 508. Pyrola rotundifolia major. Bauh. pin. 191. Common Wintergreen. Woods in the North. P. June-July. Goats eat it; Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. Leffer PEARLEAF. The flowers diſpoſed in ſcattering bunches. Minor Chives and pointal ſtraight-This ſpecies much reſembles the preceding but is eaſily diſtinguiſhed by attending to the direction of the chives and pointal . The ſtalk in both is three-cornered. It is very probable that this plant was firſt produced by the duſt of the Indented Pear- LEAF impregnating the feedbud of the firſt species. Bloſſomis reddiſ white. Pyrola minor, Ray's Syn. 363. Pyrola folio minore et duriore. Bauh. pin. 191. Leffer Winter green. Woods in Yorkſhire. P. Auguſt. Indented PEARLEAF. The flowers in bunches pointing one way Secunda --The chives project beyond the bloſſom and the ſummit beyond the chives. Bloſſoms white. Pyrola folio mucronato ferrato. Bauh. pin. 181. Ray's Syn. Pyrola tenerior. Park. 509. Pyrola ſecunda tenerior. Gerard. 408. Dented leaved Winter-green. In woods. P. June. Goats eat it; ſheep refuſe it. 363. 275 GAR- ON E POINT A L. 247 175 GARDROBE. 549 Andromeda. Empat. Cup with five diviſions ; fharp; very ſmall; co- loured; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; bell-ſhaped; with five clefts. Seg- ments reflected. Chives. Threads ten ; awl-ſhaped; ſhorter than the blof- ſom, to which they ſlightly adhere, Tips with two horns; nodding: Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft cylindrical ; longer than the chives; permanent. Sunimit blunt. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh; with five angles, five cells, and five valves ; opening at the angles. SEEDS Seeds. Numerous; roundifh; ſhining. Obs. The bloſſom in fome pecies is egg-ſhaped, but in others truly bell-ſhaped. GARDROBE. The fruit-ſtalks incorporated; bloſſoms egg- Roſemary- ſhaped ; leaves alternate ; ſpear-ſhaped ; rolled back at the edges leaved Bloſſoms tinged with red. Polifolia Ledum paluſtre noftras arbutiflore. Ray's Syn. 472. Roſmarinum fylveftre minus noftras. Park. 76. Marſh Ciftus. Wild Roſemary. In Turf Boys. P. March-April, Goats and Sheep eat it; Cows and Horſes refuſe it. GARDROBE. The flowers in bunches, all pointing one Heath way. Bloſſoms with four clefts, egg-ſhaped. Leaves alternate, Daboacia fpear-ſhaped, rolled back at the edges - Flowers in a ſimple bunch, terminating ; placed alternately and all pointing one way. One Anzver only upon cach little fruit-ſtalk, which is ſomewhat clammy and hath a ſtrap-ſhaped floral leaf beneath it. Cup of four leaves awl-ſhaped ; upright; purpliſh ; deciduous; only a fourth part as long as the bloſſom. Blotlom betrwixt cylind ical and egg-Shaped; violet coloured ; twice as large as the firſt ſpecies. The mouth a little contracted; with four clefts, and the ſegments rolled back. Chives eight; threads zubite; Tips as long as the threads, and but a little Shorter than the blogom; arrou-shaped, brown;flopped at the end ; with two perforations. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the bloſſom. Summit blunt ; with four flight clefts. Fruit a Capſule with four cells and four valves. It hath all the appearance of the GARDROBE, but the numbers of the HEATH. Erica cantabrica flore maximo, foliis Myrti, ſubtus incanis. Ray's Syn. 472. Vaccinium cantabricum. Hudſon. 143. Iriſh Worts. In fpongy wet and uncultivated foil, S. 176 STRAW a ; ( R 4 248 Τ Ν TEN CHI VE S. manent, 176 STRAWBERRYTREE, 552 Arbutus. Empal Cup with five diviſions ; blunt; very ſmall ; per- Bloss. One petal; egg-ſhaped ; flattiſh at the baſe. Mouth with five clefts ; Segments blunt; rolled back; ſmall. Chives. Threads ten, awl-ſhaped but diſtended ; very flen- der at the baſe ; half as long as the bloſſom, and fixed to the margin of its baſe. Tips ſlightly cloven ; nodding. Point. Seedbud nearly globular; fitting upon the recep- tacle, which is marked with ten dots. Shaft cylin- drical ; as long as the bloſſom. Summit rather thick and blunt. S. Vess. Berry roundiſh; with five cells. SEEDS. Small, and hard as bone. STRAWBERRYTREE. The ſtem woody; leaves ſmooth ; ſerrated. Berry containing many ſeeds—Bloſoms white. Berries red. Arbutus. Gerard. 1495. Park. 1489. Ray's Syn. 464. Arbutus folio ſerrato. Bauh. pin. 460. In the Weſt of Ireland; particularly near the Lake of Kil- larney, on barren lime-ſtone rocks, S. 1. Bloſſoms oblong: berries oval. 2. Bloſſoins red. 3. Blofloms double. It hath obtained a place in our gardens upon account of the beautiful appearance of its fruit; which the country people in Ireland ear, but they always drink water after it. Common Unedo Mountain Alpina red cup: STRAWBERRYTREE. The ſtems trailing; leaves wrink- led, ſerrated-Berries black; globular ; fitting upon a very ſmall . Vaccinia rubra, foliis myrtinis criſpis. Ray's Syn. 457. Vitis idæa foliis oblongis albentibus. Bauh. pin. 470. On dry mountains. S. The berries have ſomething of the flavour of Black Currants, but they are not ſo good.—Goats refuſe it. TRAVBERRY TWO POINT A L S. 249 STRAWBERRYTREE. The Stems trailing ; leaves very Perennial- entire-Cups purple. Bloſſoms white. leaved. In the Highlands of Scotland, and in Wales, upon the moun- Uva-urfi tains. S. The berries are infipid, pulpy and mealy. The plant is much uſed in Sweden to dye an aſh-colour, and to tan leather. Half a drain of the powdered leaves given every, or every other day, hath been found uſeful in calculous cafes. It was firſt uſed for this purpoſe at Montpelier, and afterwards Dr. de Haen at Vienna relates ſeveral caſes in which it proved of the greateſt ſervice. Its ſucceſs in England has been uncertain. Sometimes the patients found no relief, but thought their com- plaints rather aggravated than alleviated; whilſt in other calcu- lous and nephritic caſes the ſymptoms have been almoſt entirely removed. Perhaps upon the whole we ſhall find it no better than other vegetable aſtringents; ſome of which have long been uſed by the country people in gravelly complaints, and with very great advantage; though hitherto unnoticed by the regular practitioners.--Horſes, Cows, Goats and Sheep reſuſe it. Order II. Two Pointals. 177 K NA WEL. 562 Scleranthus. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; tubular; with five ſhallow clefts ; ſharp ; permanent; narrow at the neck. Bloss. None. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped : upright; very ſmall, fixed to the cup. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts two; upright; hair- like ; as long as the chives. Summits ſimple. S.Vess. Capſule egg ſhaped: very thin; in the bottom of the сир, which clofes at the neck. Seeds. Two; convex on one ſide and flat on the other. KNAWEL. The cup open at the neck when the fruit Knotgraſs ripens - Leaves oppoſite. Bloſſoms at the baſe of the leaves ; greeniſh. Annuus Knawel. Ray's Syn. 159. Polygonum germanicum vel Knawell germanorum. Park. 747. Polygonum felinoides five Knawel. Gerard. 453. Polygonum gramineo folio majus erectum. Bauh. fin. 281. German Knot-graſs. Annual Knawel. Sandy ground and corn fields. A. Auguſt. The Swedes and the Germans receive the vapour ariſing from a decoction of it, into their mouths to cure the Tooth-ach.-- Gouts and Sheep eat it. Cows refufe it. KNAWEL. 259 Τ TEN CHI VE S. Perennial Perennis KNAWEL. The cup cloſed at the neck when the fruit ripe s - Leaves hoary. Bloſſoms greeniſh; terminating: Knawel incanum flore majore perenne. Ray's Syn. 160. Tab. Gravelly foil and cornfields, P. Auguft. The Poliſh cochineal, Coccus polonicus, is found upon in the ſummer months. 5. fig. 1. the roots, cup which 178 SAXIFRAGE. 558 Chryfofplenium. Empal. Co with four or five diviſions; expanded; co- loured; permanent, Segments egg-ſhaped; the op- poſite ones narroweſt. Bloss. None; unleſs you call the cup ſo becauſe it is . coloured. Chives. Threads eight or ten; awl fhaped; upright; very ſhort; ftanding upon the angular receptacle. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud beneath: terminated by two awl-ſhaped Shafts as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S.Vess. Capſule with two bills and two diviſions; one cell and two valves; encompaſſed by the becomes green. SEEDs. Many; very ſmall. . Ors. The terminating Blolom hath five clefts; the others only four. Alternate- SAXIFRAGE. The leaves alternate-on long leaf-ſtalks. leaved Bloſſoms bright yellow. Alternifolium Saxifraga aurea foliis pediculis oblongis infidentibus. Ray's Syn. 158. Alternate leaved Golden Saxifrage, In fhady woods near rills of water. P. April. SAXIFRAGE. The leaves oppofite-on ſhort leaf-fialksa Golden Bloftoms bright yellow, Oppofitifolium Saxifraga aurea. Gerard. 841. Park. 425. Ray's Syn, 15 Saxifraga rotundifolia aurea. Bauh pin. 309. Common Golden Saxifrage. In watery lanes. P. April, 179 SENGREEN. TWO POI N T A L S. 251 179 S ENGREEN. 559 Saxifraga. Empat. Cup one leaſ; with five diviſions; ſhort; ſharp; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; expanding; narrow at the baſe. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped. Tips roundih. Point. Seedbud roundiſh, but tapering, and ending in two ſhort Shafts. Sunnits blunt. S. Vess. Capſule ſomewhat egg ſhaped; with two bills and one cell; opening betwixt the bills. Seeds. Numerous; minute. Tourile mubs Obs. In ſome species the Seedbud is bencath; in others it is fuperior. After the floor is open, two of the Chives oppoſite to cach other, bend down to the Summits and diſcharge their duft perpendicu- larly over them. The next day two others bend down; and this is continued until they have all done the ſame. * Leaves undivided. Stem nearly naked. SENGREEN. The leaves ferrated; ſtein naked; branching. Hairy Petals tapering to a point—white; with a yellow ſpot near the Stellaris baſe. Solo Geum paluſtre minus, foliis oblongis crenatis. Ray's Syn. 354. Hairy Kidney-wort. Moiſt rocks. P. June-July. SENGREEN. The leaves inverſely egg-liaped ; ſcolloped ; Mountain on very ſhort leaf-ſtalks. Stem naked; flowers collected into a Nivalis ball-Blofoms white; Spotted. Saxifraga foliis oblongo-rotundis dentatis floribus compactis. Ray's Syn. 354. Tab. 16. fig. 1. On lofty mountains. P. June. - ** Leaves undivided; ften leafy. SENGREEN. The ſtem leaves egg-ſhaped; oppoſite; tiled. Heath-like Upper leaves fringed-Stem thread-ſhaped; hanging down, or Oppofitifolia creeping: Terminating Flower folitary, fitting. Bloſſoms blte. Saxifraga alpina ericoides, flore cæruleo. Ray's Syn. 353. Sedum alpinum ericoides cæruleum. Bauh. pin. 284. Mountain Heath-like Sengreen. On barren mountains. P. March-April. VOT2 SENGREEN 252 TEN. CHI VE S. Autumnal SENGREEN. The ſtem leaves ſtrap-ſhaped ; alternate ; Autumnalis fringed. Root leaves incorporated-Cup much ſhorter than the bloſom; and green. Bloſſoms beneath : yellow, Spotted. Geum anguſtifolium autumnale, flore luteo guttato. Ray's Syn. 355: In turf bogs. P. July-Auguſt. Yellow SENGREEN. The ſtem leaves betwixt ſtrap and awl-ſhaped; Aizoides ſcattered; naked; unarmed. Stems drooping- Bloſoms yellow). Saxifraga alpina anguſto folio, folio luteo guttato. Ray's Syn. 353 Sedum alpinum flore pallido. Bauh. pin. 284. Yellow Mountain Sengreen. On mountains. P. Auguft. *** Leaves gaſhed. Stem upright. White SENGREEN. The ſtem leaves kidney-ſhaped; gafhed. Granulata Stem branched. Root beaded-Branches without leaves. Flowers Superior. Cup a little hairy. Bloſſoms white. Saxifraga rotundifolia alba. Bauh. pin. 309. Ray's Syn, 354. Saxifraga alba. Gerard. 841. Saxifraga alba vulgaris, Park. 424. White Saxifrage. Dry ground. P. May. Goats eat it. Cows, Sheep, Horſes and Swine refuſe it. Rue-leaved Tridactylitcs SENGREEN. The ſtem leaves wedge-ſhaped; cloven into three parts ; alternate. Stem upright; branched- The whole plant is ſet with hairs which pour out a clammy liquor at their points. The truth of the obfervation at the end of the generic character is rea- dily to be remarked in this species. In very dry ſituations the leaves are not cloven. Bloſſoms white, Saxifraga verna annua humilior. Ray's Syn. 354. Sedum tridactylites tectorum. Bauh. pin. 285, Paronychia rutaceo folio. Gerard. 624, Paronychia foliis inciſis. Park. 556. Whitlow-grafs. Walls. Roots, A. April, Tufted Cafpitoſa - SENGREEN. The root leaves incorporated; ſtrap-ſhaped; either entire, or elſe cloven into three parts. Stem upright, pearly naked, ſupporting one or two flowers. - Petals blunt; greeniſh white: yellow when dry. The plant is ſmooth; the upper branches clammy. Stem leaves two or thrce; ſtrap-Shaj ed; undivided. Sedum tridactylites alpinum minus. Bauh. pin. 284. Small Mountain Sengreen. Mountains in Weſtmoreland. P. Auguft. SENGREEN TWO POINT AL S. 253 **** Leaves gaſhed; ſtoms trailing. SENGREEN. The ſtem leaves ſtrap-ſhaped ; either entire Cloven or cloven into three parts. Suckers trailing. Stem upright; Hypnoides almoſt naked.---C'up green; Chives yellow. Bloſſom greeniſh white. The whole plant is clanımy, and becomes reddiſh when fully grown. Saxifraga muſcoſa trifido folio. Ray's Syn. 354. Sedum alpinum trifido folio. Bauh. pin. 284. Sedum alpinum laciniatis Ajugæ foliis. Park. 739. Trifid Sengreen. On mountains. P. April-May. the cup: 180 SOAPWORT. 564 Saponaria Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular ; with five teeth; perma- nent. Bloss. Petals five. Claws narrow; angular; as long as Border flat. Limbs broader towards the end; blunt. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped; as long as the tube of the bloſſom. Every other chive fixed to the claws of the petals: five of them ripening later than the others. Tips oblong; blunt; fixed fide-ways to the threads. POINT. Seedbud ſomewhat cylindrical. Shafts two; ſtraight; parallel; as long as the chives. Summits ſharp. S.Vess. Capſule as long as the cup; cylindrical ; of one cell; covered. SEEDs. Many; ſmall. Receptacle looſe. SOAPWORT, 254 .? TEN CHIV È S. Smooth Officinalis Concave Hybrida SOAPWORT. The cup cylindrical. Leaves betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped - Bloſſoms white or reddiſh, terminating. Saponaria. Gerard. 444. vulgaris. Park. 641. . Saponaria major lævis. Bauh. pin. 206. Lychnis Saponaria dicta. Ray's Syn. 339. Bruiſe-wort. Hedges and heaths. P. July-Auguft. 1. Leaves concave.--This fingular variety is noticed by Gerard p. 435;. who found it in a ſmall wood called the Spinie near the village of Lichbarrow in Northamptonſhire; but it is not now to be found there. It ſeems to be a mule produced be- twixt the Soapwort and the Gentian, the duſt of the latter falling upon the pointals of the former. It does not produce perfect leeds. Lychnis Saponaria dicta folio convoluto. Ray's Syr. 339. Saponaria concava anglica. Bauh. pin. 206. The whole plane is bitter. Bruiſed and agitated with water it raiſes a lather like ſoap, which waſhes greaſy ſpots out of cloaths. A decoction of it applied externally cures the itch. The Germans uſe it inſtead of Sarſaparilla in venereal complaints. a 181 PINK. 565 Dianthus. EMPAL. Cup cylindrical; tubular; ſcored; permanent; with five teeth at the mouth, and encompaſſed at the baſe with four fcales; two of which are oppofite and lower than the other two. Bloss. Petals five; Claws as long as the cup; narrow; fixed to the receptacle. Limbs flat; broadef to- wards the end; blunt; ſcolloped. Curves. Threads ten; awl ſhaped, as long as the cup; ſtanding wide towards the top. Tips oblong oval; compreſſed; fixed fide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud oval. Shafts two; awl-ſhaped; longer than the chives. Sumnits curled ; taper. S.Vess. Capſule cylindrical; covered; one cell, opening in four directions. SEEDS. Many; compreſſed; roundiſh. Receptacle looſe; four cornered ; only half as long as the feed- veſſel. Obs. In ſome ſpecies the Shafts are but little longer than the chives; in others they are exceedingly long, but rolled back. at the top * Flower TWO POINT AL S. 255 * Flowers incorporated. PINK with flowers incorporated in little bundles. The ſcales Deptford of the cup ſpear-ſhaped; woolly; as long as the tube-Petals Armeria tapering; furniſhed with one or two teeth ; red. Caryophyllus latifolius barbatus minor annuus, flore minore. Ray's Syn: 337- Caryophyllus pratenſis. Gerard. 594. Caryophyllus pratenſis nofter major et minor. Park. 1338. Caryophyllus barbatus ſylveſtris. Bauh. pin. 209. In gravelly foils. A. Jaly. PINK with flowers incorporated in little heads. The ſcales Limeword of the cup egg-ſhaped; blunt; without awns; longer than the Prolifer tube-Bloſſoms red; ſometimes white. They expand about eight in the morning and clofe about one in the afternoon. Caryophyllus ſylveſtris prolifer. Bauh. pin. 209. Park. 1338. Rav's Syn. 337 Viſcaria. Gerard. 601. Limewort. Wild childing Sweet William. Gravelly foil. A. Auguft. Cows and Sheep eat it. ** Flowers folitary. Many upon the ſame ſtem. PINK. The flowers folitary; fcales of the cups ſpear-ſhaped; Maiden in pairs. Bloſſoms ſcolloped.—Bright red. Deltoides Caryophyllus minor repens noftras. Ray's Syn. 335. Caryophyllus fylveſtris vulgaris latifolius. Bauh. pin. 209. On heaths and in paſtures. P. June-July. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refuſe it. PINK. The flowers for moſt part ſolitary; feales of the cup Mountain ſpear-ſhaped; growing by fours; ſhort. Bloſfoms ſcolloped --- Glaucus white. On Chedder rocks in Somerſethire. P. July. *** Stem herbaceous ; fispporting a ſingle flower. PINK. The ſtem generally ſupporting but one flower. Scales Stone of the cup egg-ſhaped, blunt. Petals with many clefts. Leaves Arenarius ſtrap-ſhaped - Root leaves very numerous. Stem hardly ſo long as ones finger. Bloſſoms red. Armeriæ fpecies flore in ſummo caule fingulari. Ray's Syr. 336. On walls and very dry ſtony places. P. July. The ſmell of the flowers is extremely fragrant in the night- time. -Cows, Horſes and Sheep eat it. - Order 256 T EN CHI VE S. Order III. Three Pointals. 182 SANDWORT. 569 Arenaria. EMPAL. Cup of five leaves. Leaves oblong; tapering; expanding ; permanent. BLOSS. Petals five; egg ſhaped. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped. Every other thread placed more inwards. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shafts three; upright, but a little reflected. . Summits rather thick. S.Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; covered ; with one cell; opening at the point in five different directions. SEEDS. Many; kidney-ſhaped. Chick weed SANDWORT. The leaves egg-ſhaped, ſharp, fleſhy-- Peploides Blofoms white. Alfine marina foliis portulacæ. Ray's Syn. 351. Alfine littoralis foliis portulacæ. Bauh. pin 251. Anthyllis maritima lentifolia. Bauh pin. 282. Park. 282. Anthyllis lentifolia feu alfine cruciata marina. Gerard. 622. Sea Chickweed. On the ſea ſhore. P. June-July. Horſes eat it; Sheep and Cows refuſe it. Plantain-leav- SANDWORT. The leaves egg-laped, ſharp; ſupported on ed leaf- ſtalks ; ſtringy-Stem forked ; Caplules pendant. Leaves tas Trinervia pering at the baſe ſo as to form the leaf-ſtalks. Bloſſoms white. Alfine Plantaginis folio. Ray's Syn. 349. Plantain leaved Chickweed. Woods and wer hedges. A. May-June. Sheep are not fond of it. Little SANDWORT. The leaves ſomewhat egg-ſhaped, ſharp: Serpyllifolia fitting. Bloſſomn ſhorter than the cup-- Petals entire; white. Alline minor multicaulis. Bauh. pin. 250. Ray's Syn. 349. Alfine minima. Gerard, 489. Alfine aquatica minima. Park. 1259. Leaſt Chickweed. Roofs, walls, and very dry places. A. May. Sheep refuſe it. SANDWORT. THREE P O IN TAL S. 257 SANDWORT. The leaves thread-ſhaped; ſheathed with Spurry membranaceous props—The flowers open about nine or ten in the Rubra morning, and cloſe at two or three in ihe afternoon. Petals purple. Spergula purpurea. Ray's Syn. 351. Sagina Spergula minima. Park. 561. Alline Spergulæ facie minor, feu Spergula minor ſub-cæruleo flore. Bauh. pin. 251. 1. Leaves ſtrap-ſhaped; as long as the joints of the item-This Sea hath fometimes only five chives. Bloſſoms purple ; ſometimes blue. Marina Alfine Spergulæ facie media. Bauh. pin. 251. Ray's Syn. 351. Purple flowered Chickweed or Spurry. 1. Sea Spurry. In gravelly ſoils. I. on the ſea ſhore. A. June-July. Goats refuſe it. Sheep are not fond of it. SANDWORT. The leaves awl-ſhaped. Stem fupporting Mountain panicles of flowers. Cup with egg-ſhaped blunt leaves ---Petals Saxatilis white. Alfine pufilla pulchro flore, folio tenuiffimo noſtras, feu Saxi- fraga pufilla caryophylloides, flore albo pulchello. Ray's Syn. 351. Mountain Chickweed. On mountains. P. Auguſt. SANDWORT. The leaves awl-ſhaped; ſtem fupporting a Fine-leaved panicle of flowers. Capſules upright. Petals ſpear-ſhaped; Tenuifolia Thorter than the cup-white. Little leaves which form the cup greatly tapering and marked on the underſide by two green lines. . Petals broad; Spearſhaped; only half as long as the cub. Leaves awl-Shaped ; connected at the baſe. Alfine tenuifolia. Ray's Syn. 350. Fine-leaved Chickweed. Dry gravelly places. P. June-July. SANDWORT. The leaves briſtle-ſhaped. Stem almoft Larch-leaved naked towards the top. Cups ſomewhat hairy-BloJom terminat- Laricifolia ing: Alline alpina junceo folio. Bauh. pin. 251. Larch-leaved Chickweed. On Mountains. P. Auguft. S 1$3 STITCH- 258 TEN CHI VE S. Broad-leaved Nemorum 183 STITCHWORT. 568 Stellaria. Empal. Cup five leaves; betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped ; concave; upright; expanding; permanent. Bloss. Petals five ; deeply divided ; fat; oblong; ſhrivelling. Chives. Threads ten; thread-ſhaped; ſhorter than the bloflom. Every other thread ſhorter. Tips roundiſh, Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shafts three; hair-like; ex- panding. Summits blunt. S.Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; covered; with one cell and fix valves. SEEDS. Many; roundiſh: compreſſed. Oes. In the ſecond ſpecies the tips are long and double. STITCHWORT. The lower leaves heart-ſhaped; on leaf- ſtalks. Flowers in panicles, on branching fruit-Italks.- About a foot high. Leaves pale green on the under ſurface. Cups ſmooth. Petals white. Alfine montana folio ſmilacis inſtar, flore laciniato. Ray's Sjn. 347 Alfine montana latifolia, flore laciniato. Bauh. pin. 251. Alfine hederacea montana maxima. Park. 761. Woods, hedges and banks of rivers. P. July-Auguft. STITCHWORT. The leaves ſpear-ſhaped, finely ferrated. Petals cloven-white. Caryophyllus holofteus arvenſis glaber, flore inajore. Bauh. in. 210. Ray's Syn. 346. Gramen leucanthemum. Gerard. 47. Park. 1325. . Woods and hedges. P. April-May. STITCHWORT. The leaves ſtrap-ſhaped, very entire. Flowers in panicles--white. Caryophyllus holoſteus arvenſis glaber, fiore minore. Bauh. fin. 210. Kay's Syn. 346. Gramen leucanthemum alterum. Gerard. 47. Gramen leucanthemum minus. Fa k. 1325. 1. In wet fituations the leaves are larger and longer. Theſe variations have been taken notice of by authors, as Alline longifolia uliginofis proveniens locis. Ray's Syn. 347. Allne aquatica media. Alfine fontana. Gerard. 613. Very common. P. July. Hories, Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it. 28. CAMPION Greater Holoftea Leffer Graminca Bauh. lin. 251. THREE POIN T A L S. 259 184. CAMPION. 566 Cucubalus. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular; with five teeth ; perma- nent. Bloss. Petals five. Claws as long as the cup. Border flat. Limbs generally cloven; not crowned by a honey-cup. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped. Every other thread fixed to the claws of the petals; five of them ripen- ing later. Tips oblong Point. Seedbut rather oblong. Shafts three; awl-ſhaped; longer than the chives. Summits downy; oblong; bending towards the left. S. Vess. Capſule covered; tapering; with three cells, opening at the point in five different directions. SEEDS. Many; roundiſh. OBs. This genus is diſtinguiſhed from that of CATCHFLY by the bloſſoms not being crowned with honey-cups. The fourth Species hath the chives on one plant and the pointals upon another. CAMPION. The cups bell-Thaped ; petals diſtant. Seed- Berry-bearing veſſels coloured. Branches ſtraddling-Bloſſoms white. Bacciferus Cucubalus Plinii. Ray's Syn. 267. Alfine fcandens baccifera. Bauh. pin. 250. Berry-bearing Chickweed. In hedges in the Iſle of Angleſea. P. July. CAMPION. The cups nearly globular; ſmooth ; with a Bladder network of veins. Capſules with three cells. Bloſſoms almoſt Behen naked-white. 1. Cultivation produces a double white, a purpliſh, a narrow- leaved, a ſmooth narrow-leaved and a hairy round-leaved purpliſh variety. Lychnis ſylveſtris quæ benalbum vulgo. Bauh. fin. 205. Ray's Syn. 337 Behen album officinarum. Gerard. 678. Papaver ſpuincum five benalbum vulgo. Park. 263. White Corn Campion. Sprattling Poppy. White Behen. Dry paſtures and cornfields. P. July. The leaves boiled have ſomething of the flavour of peaſe, and great uſe to the inhabitants of the iſland of Minorca in the year 1685, when a ſwarın of locuits had deſtroyed the har- velt. The Gothlanders apply the leaves to eryſipelatous erup- tions.-- Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. proved of S2 CAMPION 260 T EN CHI VE S. Dover Vifcofus CAMPION. The lateral flowers hanging down on every ſide. Stem undivided. Leaves reflected at the baſe-Fruit-ſtalks op- poſite; Short; three Anrvers upon each. Cup cylindrical; with ten angles; clammy. Petals white; deeply divided. Chives longer than the bloſſom. Tips green. Shafts three ; longer than the blof- fom. Fruit egg-ſhaped; with one cell. Lychnis major noctiflora dubrenſis perennis. Ray's Syn. 340 On Dover Cliffs. P. July. Catchfly Otites CAMPION. The chives and pointals on different plants. Petals ítrap-ſhaped; undivided-Pale green, or white. Root- leaves lying in a circle on the ground. Lychnis viſcoſa flore muſcoſo. Bauh. pin. 266. Seſamoides falamanticum magnum. Gerard, 493. Muſcipula ſalamantica major. Park. 636. Spaniſh Campion. In gravelly foils. P. July-Auguſt. nent. 185 CATCHFLY. 567 Silene. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular; with five teeth: perma- Bloss. Petals five. Claws narrow; as long as the cup; bordered. Limb flat; blunt; frequently cloven. Honeycuh compoſed of two little teeth at the neck of each petal, and conſtituting a crown at the mouth of the tube. Cuves. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped; every other thread fixed to the claws of the petals; and ripening later. Tips oblong, Point. Seedbud cylindrical. Shafts three; fimple; long- er than the chives, Summits bending to the left. S.Vess. Capſule cylindrical; covered. cells three; open- ing at the point in five different directions. SEEDS. Many; kidney-ſhaped. * Flowers folitary, lateral. CATCHFLY. Hairy. Petals notched at the end. Flowers upright. Fruit on reflected, alternate fruit ít ulks - The Lower Leaves inverſely ſpear-ſhaped and fringed at the baſe. Cups not hairy, but furniſhed with ſmall reflected ſharp points at the angles, Bloſſoms white. Lychnis fylveftris flore albo minimo. Rizy's Syn. 339. Small campion. Cornfields. A. June-July. CATCHFLY. Corn Anglica THREE POIN T A L S. 261 - ** Flowers lateral; crowded. CATCHFLY. The petals cloven. lateral flowers pointing Nottingham all one way; drooping. Panicle nodding--Stem ſimple; cylin- Nutans drical ; a foot high; with three joints below the panicle of flowers ; beſet with clammy hairs. Leaves ſpear-ſhaped; with ſhort hairs ; root-leaves on Short leaf-ſtalks. Petals white : narrow; cloven more than half way dozun; rolled inwards in the day-time. Claws of the bloſſom twice as long as the cup. Chives white; twice as long as the claws of the petals. Shafts three ; white; as long as the chives. Lychnis ſylveſtris alba IX cluſii. Gerard, 470. Rays Syn, 340. Lychnis montana viſcoſa alba latifolia. Bauh. pin. 205- Lychnis fylveftris alba, ſeu ocymoides minus album. Park. 631. High paſtures, and about Nottingham Caſtle. P. June- July. Sheep, Horſes, Goats and Swine eat it. Cows refuſe it, CATCHFLY. The petals cloven. The honeycup crown Sea ſlightly jointed, Flowers pointing all one way, Fruitſtalks op- Amana poſite; fupporting three flowers. Branches alternate - Stems Spreading; rather ſmooth and afcending. Branches ſtraddling ; Short. Leaves ſmooth upon the upper ſurface. The angles of the cup ten ; purple and woolly. Petals white; cloven half way dorun. Lychnis marina anglica. Gerard. 470. Rays Syn. 337. Lychnis marina repens alba. Park. 638, Sea Campion. On the ſea-ſhore. P. Auguſt, *** Flowers growing from the forks of the ſtem. CATCHFLY. The cup incloſing the fruit globular ; taper- Campion ing: with thirty ſcores. Leaves ſmooth ; petals entire--pale Conoidea purple. Lychnis fylveſtris anguſtifolia calyculis turgidis ftriatis. Bauh, pin. 205. Rays Syn. 341. Greater corn Catchfly or Campion. In gravelly foils. A. CATCHFLY. The cup with ten angles, and with teeth as Night-flower- long as the tube. Stem forked; petals cloven-White tinged ing ; with red. Noctiflora Lychnis Noctiflora. Bauh. pin. 205. Park. 632. Rays Syn. 340. Cornfields. P. July. S 3 CATCHFLY 262 TEN CHI VE S. Broad-leaved Armeria CATCHFLY. The bundles of flowers flat at the top. Up. per leaves heart-ſhaped ; ſmooth. Petals entire-Red. Lychnis viſcoſa purpurea latifolia lævis. Bauh. pin. 205, Rays Syn. 341. Banks of rivers. A. Auguſt. Moſs Acaulis CATCHFLY. Stemleſs; depreſſed. Petals notched at the end- Purple : ſometimes pure white. Lychnis alpina minima. Rays Syn. 341. Caryophylleus IX clufii Caryophyllus pumilio alpinus. Ge- qard. 593 Cucubalis acaulis. Hudſon. 164. Lychnis alpina pumila folio graminco, ſeu muſcus Alpinus Lychnidis flore. Bauh. pin. 206. Moſs Campion. On mountains. P. July, Order IV. Five Five Pointals. 186 NA VELWORT. 578 Cotyledon, EMPAL. Cup one leaf with five clefts ; ſharp; ſmall. Bloss. One Petal; bell-ſhaped; with five ſhallow cleſts. Honeycup a hollow ſcale at the baſe of each feedbud. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped ; ſtraight; as long as the bloſſom Tips upright; with four furrows. Point. Seedbuds five; oblong; rather thick; ending in awl-ſhaped Shafts, longer than the chives. Summits fimple; reflected. S.Vess. Capſules five; oblong ; diſtended; tapering, of one valve, opening length-ways on the inſide. SEEDS. Many; ſmall. NAVELWORT. The leaves alternate, with central leaf- ſtalks ; hooded : ferrated and toothed. Stem branched; ſpikes of flowers generally upright-Bloſſoms yellowiſh; or greeniſh white. Cultivation occaſions ſome varieties. Cotyledon vera radice tuberofa. Ray's Syn. 271. Cotyledon major. Bauh. pin. 289. Umbilicus veneris. Gerard. 529. vulgaris. Park. 740. Kidney-wort. Wall Penny-wort. On old walls and ſtony places. P. May-July. Venus Umbilicus 187 STONECROP. FI V E 0 I N T A L S. 263 nent. 187 STONECROP. 579 Sedum. Emral, Cup with five diviſions ; ſharp; upright; perma- BLOGS, Petals five; ſpear-ſhaped; taper; flat; expand- ing. Honeycups five; each conſiſting of a ſmall ſcale; notched at the end, and fixed on the outſide the baſe of each ſeedbud. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped; as long as the bloſ- fom. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbuds five; oblong; ending in ſlender Shaſts, Summits blunt. S.Vess. Capſules five; expanding; taper; compreſſed ; notched at the baſe; opening inwards along the feam. Seeds. Many; very ſmall. * Leaves flat, STONECROP. The leaves nearly flat, ferrated. Stem al- Orpine cending. Flowers in leafy broad topped ſpikes---Bloſſoms purple, Telephium or white. Telephium vulgare. Bauh. pin. 287. Telephium feu craſſula major vulgaris. Park. 726. Craffula feu faba inverſa. Gerard. 519. Anacampſeros, vulgo faba craffa. Ray's Syn. 269. Live-long. Roofs and walls. P. Auguſt. Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it, Horſes refuſe it. ** Leaves cylindrical, STONECROP. The leaves oppoſite; egg-ſhaped ; blunt; Round-leaved fleſhy. Stem weak, Flowers ſcattered.-Petals white. Daſyphyllum Sedum minus, circinato folio. Bauh. fin. 283. Ray's Syn. 271 Walls and roofs, P. July, S4 STONECROP, 264 T EN CHI VE S. Yellow Reflexum STONECROP. The leaves awl-ſhaped; ſcattered ; looſe at the baſe. Lower leaves much curved backwards--Leaves green and ſender; the lower leaves bent back at the ends like hooks. Blof- ſoms yellow Sedum minus luteum ramulis reflexis. Bauh pin. 283, Ray's Syn. 270. Aizoon ſcorpioides. Gerard. 513. Vermicularis fcorpioides. Park. 733. 1. There is a variety with reddiſh branches. Gerard. 512. Ray's Syn. 269. Prick-madam. Walls and roofs, P. Rock Rupeſtre STONECROP. The leaves awl-ſhaped ; growing in five rows; crowded ; looſe at the baſe. Flowers in tufts- Leaves bluiſh green ; thick. Bloſſoms yellow'. Sedum minus e rupe S. Vincentii. Ray's Syn. 271. St. Vincents Rock Stonecrop. On St. Vincents Rock near Briſtol. P. Auguft. Both this and the preceding ſpecies are cultivated in Holland and Germany to mix with lettuces in ſallads. White Album STONECROP. The leaves oblong; blunt; ſomewhat cylin- drical; fitting ; expanding. Flowers in branching tufts--- The whole plant is ſometimes purple, except the flowers, which are white. Sedum minus teretifolium album. Bauh. jin. 283. Ray's Syn. 271. Sedum minus officinarum. Gerard. 512. Vermicularis flore albo. Park. 733. Vermicularis ſeu Craſſula minor vulgaris. Park. 734 White flower'd Stone crop. Walls and roofs. P. June-July: Goats eat it, Sheep refuſe it. STONECROP. FI V E POINT AL S. 265 STONECROP. The leaves ſomewhat egg.ſhaped ; alternate; Pepper connected ; fitting; hunched; rather upright. Flowers in tufts Acre divided into three parts-- Terminating. Blofſoms yellow. Sedum parvum acre flore luteo. Ray's Syn. 270. Sempervivum minus vermiculatum acre. Bauh pin. 283, Vermicularis feu Illecebra minor acris. Gerard. 517. Illecebra minor, feu Sedum tertium Diofcoridis. Park. 736. . Wall Stonecrop, or Pepper. Walls, roofs, rocks. P. June. This plant continuesto grow when hung up by the root, which , is a proof that it receives its nouriſhment principally from the air, as is the caſe with moſt of the ſucculent plants. It is very acrid. . Applied externally it bliſters. Taken inwardly it excites vomit- ing. In ſcorbutic caſes, and quartan Agues it is an excellent medicine under proper management. Goats eat it. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. STONECROP. The leaves fomewhat egg-ſhaped ; connect- Infipid ed; fitting; hunched ; rather upright; in fix rows ;-tiled-Re- Sexangulare Sembles the preceding Species, but the roots are not matted together and there are only two or three bunches of flowers. Bloſſoms yellow. Sempervivum minus vermiculatum infipidum. Bauh. pin. 284. Dry paſtures. B. July. Goats eat it. STONECROP. The ſtem upright; ſolitary ; annual. Leaves Mountain egg-ſhaped ; fitting ; hunched ; alternate. Flowers in a tuft, Annuum on curved branches-Reddiſh or white; in Sweden yellow, Leaves Spotted with purple. Sedum minimum non acre, flore albo. Ray's Syn. 270. Tab. 12. fig. 2. In barren ſoils, on dry rocks, and on roofs and walls in moun- tainous countries. P. Auguft. STONECROP. The ſtem upright ; leaves nearly flat. Fruit. Marila ſtalks ſomewhat hairy-Bloſſoms pale red, ſtreaked with purple. Villofum Sedum purpureum pratenſe. Ray's Syn. 270. Sedum paluſtre ſub-hirſutum purpureum. Bauh. pin. 285. Seduin minus paluſtre. Gerard. 515. Sedum arvenſe ſeu paluſtre flore rubente. Park. 734, On moiſt rocks. A. June, 188 SPURREY 266 T EN CHI VE S. 188 SPURREY. 586 Spergula. EMPAL. Cup five leaves. Leaves egg-ſhaped; blunt; concave; expanding; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; egg-ſhaped; concave ; expanding; entire: larger than the cup. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped; ſhorter than the blof- ſom. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud egg íhaped; Shafts five; ſomewhat up. - right, but reflected: thread-thaped. Summits rather thick. S.Vess. Capſule egg ſhaped; covered with one cell and five valves. SEEDs. Many; globular but depreſſed; encompaſſed by a notched border. Obs. This genus is diſtinguiſhed from the Mouse-EAR by the petals being entire. In the ſecond ſpecies there are only five chives. Corn 21 Arvenfis Five-chived Pentandria SPURREY. The leaves growing in whorls. Flowers with ten chives - Lcaves three or fix in a whorl; thread-Maped; hairy; clammy. Fruit-ſtalks branched. Bloſſoms white. Alfine fpergula dieta major. Bauh. pin. 251. Ray's Syn. 351, Saginæ fpergula. Gerard. 1125. major. Park. 562. In gravelly foil and cornfields. A. Auguſt. Poultry are fond of the feeds, and the inhabitants of Finland and Norway make bread of them when their crops of corn fail. Experience ſhews it to be very nutritious to the cattle that eat it, - Horſes, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it; Cows refuſe it. SPURREY. The leaves growing in whorls. Flowers with five chives-Seeds black ; ſurrounded by a white border. Spergula annua ſemine foliaceonigro, circulo membranaceo albo cineto. Ray's Syn. 351, Small Spurrey, In ſandy places. A. July, SPURREY. The leaves oppoſite; awl-Shaped; ſmooth. Stems fimple--Bloſſoms terminating ; white. Alfine paluſtris foliis tenuiſſimis, feu Saxifraga paluſtris Anglica, Gerard, 567. Ray's Syn. 350. Alfine nodoſa Germanica, Bauh. pin. 251, Saxifraga paluſtris Anglica. Park. 427. Engliſh Marſh Saxifrage. Moiſt ground. P. July--Auguſt. Knotted Nodofa 189 MOUSE FIVE POINT AL S. 267 189 MOUSE-E A R. 585 Ceraſtium. EMPAL. Cup five leaves. Leaves betwixt egg and ſpear- , ſhaped; ſharp; expanding; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; cloven; blunt; upright, but expand- ing. As long as the cup. . CHIVES. Threads ten; thread-ſhaped ; ſhorter than the bloſſom: alternately longer and ſhorter. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shafts five; hair-like; up- ; right; as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Capſule betwixt egg-ſhaped and cylindrical; or globular. Blunt; with one cell, opening at the top, with five teeth. SEEDS. Many; roundiſh. Oes. The third ſpecies hath only five chives. * Capſules oblong MOUSE-EAR. The leaves egg-ſhaped. Petals as large as Narrowleaved the leaves of the cup. Stems ſpreading.--Reſembling the next Vulgatum ſpecies, but the fruit-ſtalks are not clammy; the ſtems are more nume- rous and more drooping; and the outer leaves of the cup are not mem- branaceous at the edges. Bloſſoms white. Alfine hirſuta magno (parvo potius) flore. Bauh pin, 251, Alfine hirſuta myoſotis. Ray's Syn. 349. Narrow-leaved Mouſe-ear Chickweed. In paſtures. A. Tune. MOUSE-EAR. Upright; woolly ; clammy-Bloſſoms white. Broad-leaved Alfine hirſuta myoſotis latifolia præcocior. 'Ray's Syn. 348. Viſcoſum Alfine Viſcoſa. Park. 768. Alfine hirſuta altera viſcoſa. Bauh. pin. 251. 1. There is a variety in which the petals are ſmaller, and the cups three times larger than uſual. Broad-leaved Mouſe-ear Chick-weed. Dry pastures. A. April-May. Horſes and Goats eat it; Cows and Sheep refuſe it. MOUSE,EAR. 268 TEN CHI VE S. Five-chived Semidecan- drium MOUSE-EAR. The flowers with five chives. Petals notched at the end-There are five Chives with, and five without tips. Stems very ſoort. Leaves egg-Shaped ; oppoſite; a little channelled; blunt; beſet with a few very ſhort hairs. Fruit-ſtalks very ſhort; each ſupporting a fingle flower. Cup hairy; clammy; membrana- ceous at the edges.. Petals five, narrow; white. Five honey-cup dots betwist the perfect chives and the petals. Seedbud egg-Shaped. Ceraſtium hirfutum minus parvo flore. Ray's Syn. 348. Tab. . 15. fig. 1. Alline hirſuta minor. Bauh. pin. 251. Leaſt Mouſe-ear Chickweed. In paſtures. A. April. Corn Arvenſe MOUSE-EAR. The leaves betwixt ſtrap and ſpear-ſhaped ; blunt; ſmooth. Bloſſoms larger than the cup-White. Caryophyllus arvenſis hirſutus fore majore. Bauh. pin. 210, Ray's Syn. 348. Caryophyllus holoſteus. Gerard. 477. arvenſis hirfutus, Park. 1339. Mountain Alpinum Corn Mouſe-ear Chick-weed. On heaths, in cornfields and gravelly paſtures, P. May. MOUSE-EAR. The leaves betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped, Stem divided ; capſules oblong—The leaves are ſometimes downya et other times entirely ſmooth ; oval and pointedBlofloms white. Alfine myofotis facie, lychnis alpina, flore amplo niveo repens. Ray'stSyn. 349. Tab. 15. fig. 2. Caryophylleus holofteus alpinus latifolius. Bauh. fin. 210, Mountain Mouſe-ear Chickweed. On mountains. P. June. Cows and Sheep eat it. ** Capſules nearly globular. Marth MOUSE-EAR. The leaves heart-ſhaped; fitting. Flowers Aquaticum folitary. Fruit pendant-Stem fender; cylindrical; ſmooth; jointed ; the joints red at the baſe. Branches few; folitary; alternate; fim- ple; generally as long as the ſtem ; bairy towards the ends. Bloffoms white; twice as large as the cup. Petals deeply divided. Seedş yellowiſh red. Alfine aquatica major. Bauh, fin. 251. Alfine major repens perennis. Ray's Syn. 347. Alfine major. Gera d. 611. et maxima. Park. 759. Marth Mouſe-ear Chickweed. Banks of rivers. P. July. MOUSE-EAR. FI V E POI N T A L S. 269 a MOUSE-EAR. The leaves oblong; downy. Fruit-ſtalks Woolly branched. Capſules globular-Bloſſoms white. Tomentofuna Caryophyllus holoſteus tomentoſus latifolius. Bauh. pin. 210. Alline myoſotis lanuginoſa alpina grandiflora, feu auricula muris villoſa flore amplo membranaceo. Ray's Syn. 349. Woolly Mouſe-ear Chick-weed. 1. There is a variety with narrow leaves. On mountains. P. May. 190 COCKLE. 583 Agroſtemma. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; like leather; tubular; with five teeth; permanent. Bloss. Petals five. Claws as long as the tube of the cup. Limbs expanding; blunt. Chives. Threads ten; awl-ſhaped; every other thread ripening later; fixed to the claws of the petals. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shafts five; thread-ſhaped ; upright; as long as the chives. Summits ſimple. S.VESS. Capſule oblong egg-ſhaped ; covered, with one cell and five valves. Seeds. Many; kidney-ſhaped ; dotted. Receptacles equal in number to the feeds; looſe; the inner ones gra- dually longer than the others. COCKLE. Hairy-cup as long as the bloſſom. Petals entire; Corn naked-purple ; ſometimes white, and by cultivation yellow. Githage Lychnis fegetum major. Bauh. pin. 204. Ray's Syn. 338. Lychnoides fegetum five nigella ſtrum. Park. 632. In cornfields. A. June. Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. IGI CUCKOWFLOWER, 270 T EN CHI VE S. 191 CUCKOWFLOWER. 584 Lychnis. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular; membranaceous; with five teeth ; permanent. Bloss, Petals five. Claws as long as the cup; flat; bor- dered. Limbs flat; frequently cloven. Chives. Threads ten ; longer than the cup, alternately ripening later and fixed to the claws of the petals. Tips fixed fide ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud nearly egg-ſhaped. Shafts five; awl-ſhaped; longer than the chives. Summits downy; bent to- wards the left. S.Vess. Capſule nearly egg-ſhaped; covered. Valves five; cells five. SEEDS. Many; roundiſh. Obs. In the Campion Cuckow FLOWER the chives are upon one plant and the pointals upon another. The Clammy CUCKOW FLOWER bath undirvided petals, and capſules with five cells. CUCKOWFLOWER. The petals with four clefts. Fruit roundiſh-Stems trailing ; but upright when in flower. Bloſſoms red; by cultivation white; and often double. Caryophyllus pratenſis laciniato flore fimplici, five flos cuculi. Bauh. pin. 210. Lychnis plumaria ſylveſtris fimplex. Park. 253. Ray's Syn. 338. Armerius pratenfis mas et fæmina. Gerard. 600. Meadow Pinks. Wild Williams. Cuckowilower. Ragged Robin. In meadows. P. June. Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. It is the food of a ſort of Louſe, the A bis Cucubali. Mcadow Floſ-cuculi Clammy Vilcaria CUCKOWFLOWER. The petals nearly entire-The upper joints of the ſtem are anointed with a reddiſh black vijcid ſubfiance, like tar. Stem upright, fimple. Bloſſoms red; by cultivation white, and ſometimes double. Lychnis fylveftris viſcoſa rubra anguſtifolia. Bauh. pin. 205. Park. 636. Ray's Syn. 310. Muſcipula anguitifolia. Gerard. 601. Red German Catchfly. High paſtures. P. May--- June. The Catchfly Weevil, Curculio viſcaria, is found upon it. CUCKOWFLOWER F I V E POI N T A L S. 271 CUCKOW-FLOWER. The flowers with chives on one Campion. plant, and flowers with pointals on a different plant-Red, or Dioica white. Sometimes the chives and pointals are in the ſame flower. By cultivation the bloſſoms become double. Lychnis fylveſtris albo flore. Gerard. 468. Park. 630. Ray's Syn. 339 Lychnis ſylveſtris alba ſimplex. Bauh. pin. 204. 1. When the flower is red it hath been conſidered as a variety by thc following authors. Lychnis fylveſtris rubello flore. Gerard. 469. Ray's Syn. 339. Lychnis fylveftris flore rubro. Park. 631. Lychnis ſylveſtris, ſeu aquatica purpurea fimplex. Bauh. pin. 204. White or red Campion. Batchelor's Buttons. Woods and hedges. P. May-July. The Campion Louſe, Aphis Lychnidis, lives upon it. 192 WOODSORREL. 582 Oxalis. Empal. Cup with five diviſions ; ſharp; very ſhort; per- manent. Bloss. With five diviſions, connected by the claws; up- right; blunt; with the margin broken. Chives. Threads ten; hair-like; upright; the outer- moſt the ſhorteſt. Tips roundiſh ; furrowed. Point. Seedbud with five angles. Shafts five; thread- ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Capſule with five corners, and five cells; open- ing lengthways at the corners. Seeds. Nearly round; burſting out of the feed-veſſel. Obs. In ſome ſpecies the Capſule is ſhort and the Seeds folitary; in others it is long and the Seeds many. WOODSORREL. The ſtalk ſupporting a ſingle flower. Leaves growing by threes, Root ſcaly ; jointed-In rainy wea- Acetous ther the leaves ſtand upright, but in dry weather they hang down. Acetoſella Bloffums pale purple. Oxys alba. Gerard. 1201. Ray's Syn, 23i. Trifolium acetofum vulgare. Bauh. jin. 330. Park. 746. Cuckow-bread. Sour Trefoil. Woods and moiſt ſhady lanes. P. April. It is likewiſe found upon mountains ; and Linnæus fomewhere obferves, that the plants which chiefly grow upon mountains are hardly found any where elle but in marthes. Is it becauſe the clouds reſting upon the tops of the mountains, keep the air in a inoit 272 TEN CHI VE S. a moiſt ſtate, like the fogs in meadows and marſhes, which are nothing but clouds in the lower part of the atmoſphere? The juice is gratefully acid. The London College directs a Conſerve to be made of the leaves beaten with thrice their weight of fine ſugar. The expreffed juice depurated properly. evapo- rated, and ſet in a cool place, affords a chryſtalline acid ſalt in confidcrable quantity, which may be uſed wherever vegetable acids are wanted. An Infuſion of the leaves is an agreeable li- quor, in ardent Fevers.—Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it; Horſes refuſe it. Yellow-flow- ered Corniculata WOODSORREL. The fruit-ſtalks forming rundles. Stem branched, ſpreading --- Leaves growing by threes; on leaf-falks ; Capſules long and pointed. Blofſoms yellow. Trifolium acetofum corniculatum. Bauh. pin. 230. In the country about Exeter. A. May-October. CLASS ( 273 ) CLASS XI. TWELVE CHIVES. NOTWITHSTANDING OTWITHSTANDING the title of this Clafs, the number of Chives is not very certain ; ſome of the Flowers containing more, and ſome of them fewer than twelve ; ſo that it is neceſſary to take in another circum- ſtance, (viz.) that in this Claſs the Chives are fixed to the RECEPTACLE, but in the next Claſs they are fixed to the Cup. The different ſpecies of Spurge are generally ſuppoſed difficult to inveſtigate, but the young Botaniſt will ſoon learn to diſtinguiſh them by attending to the following circumſtances. Whether the Root is annual, biennial, or peren- nial. Whether the plant in queſtion is a ſhrub, and if ſo, whether it is thorny, or prickly, or neither. Stem is naked, cylindrical, or angular. Leaves are oppoſite or alternate; and of what ſhape. Rundle is general or partial; how divided and how fenced. Flowers have only chives, or both chives and pointals. Petals are entire ; creſcent-ſhaped or hand-ſhaped, &c. Capſules are hairy, warty, or ſmooth. T Order 2-4 TWELVE CHI VE S, ORDER I. ONE POINT AL. 193 ASARABACCA. Bloff. none. Cup three clefts; ſupe- rior. Capſule with fix cells. Bloff. fix petals. Cup twelve clefts ; beneath. Capſule with two cells. 194 GRASSPOLY. Order II. Two Pointals. 195 AGRIMONY. Blol. five petals. Cup with five clefts ; Seeds one, or two. Order III. Three Pointals. 796 YELLOW-WEED. Blof. Petals with many clefts. Cup divided. Capſule with one cell; gaping. Bloff. Petals fixed by the center. Cup diftended. Capſules three berries. 197 SPURGE. Order IV. Four Pointals. + Upright Tormentil. Order VII. Twelve Pointals. 198 HOUSESLEEK. Blol. twelve petals. Cup with twelve diviſions. Capſules twelve. 193 ASARA- Ο Ν Ε Ρ ΟΙ Ν Τ Α L. 275 193 ASAR ABACCA. 589 Aſarum. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; bell-ſhaped ; with three ſhallow clefts ; like leather ; coloured; permanent. Seg- ments upright; with the point bent inwards. BLOSS. None. Chives. Threads twelve; awl-ſhaped ; half as long as the cup. Tips oblong; growing to the middle of the threads. Point. Seedbud either beneath; or elſe hidden within the fubftance of the cup, Shaft cylindrical ; as long as the chives. Summit ftarry; with fix reflected divi- fions. S. Vess. Capſule like leather; generally with fix cells ; incloſed within the ſubſtance of the cup. Seeds. Many; egg-ſhaped. ASARABACCA. The leaves growing in pairs; blunt ; Common kidney-ſhaped-Bloſſoms purpliſh. Europæuin Afarum. Bauh. pin. 197. Ray's Syn. 158. Afarum vulgare. Park. 266. Gerard. 836. In woods. P. May. The root powdered and taken to the amount of thirty or forty grains excites vomiting. If it is coarſely powdered it generally purges. The powder of the leaves is the baſis of moſt of the Cephalic Snuffs, which occafion a conſiderable diſcharge of mu. cus from the noſtrils without much ſneezing. -Cows eat it. a T2 194 GRASS. 276 T W E L V E CHI VE S. 194 GRASSPOLY. 604 Lythrum, Empal. Cup one leaf ; cylindrical; ſcored; with twelve teeth; every other tooth ſmaller. . Bloss. Petals fix; oblong; rather blunt; expanding; fixed by the claws to the diviſions of the cup Chives. Threads twelve; thread-ſhaped; as long as the cup. The upper threads ſhorter than the lower ones. Tips ſimple; riſing. Point. Seedbud oblong. Shaft awl-ſhaped ; declining; as long as the chives. Summit round and flat; riſing. S. Vess. Capſule oblong; taper; covered. Cells two. SEEDS. Numerous; ſmall. Obs. In the ſecond ſpecies there are only fix chives, Purple Salicaria GRASSPOLY. The leaves oppoſite; betwixt heart and ſpear-ſhaped ; flowers with twelve chives ; growing in ſpikes- Stem four cornered ; firm; branched. Bloſſoms purple. Salicaria vulgaris purpurea, foliis oblongis. Ray's Syn. 367, Lyſimachia purpurea. Park. 546. Gerard. 476. Lyſimachia 1picata purpurea. Bauh. pin. 246. Purple ſpiked Looſeſtrife, or Willow-herb. Theſe are the varieties. 1. Leaves ſoft, long, and four together. 2. Leaves ſhorter and broader. 3. Stem with fix corners ; Leaves three together. Banks of rivers. P. July. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. Six-chived GRASSPOLY. The leaves alternate ; ſtrap-ſhaped. Flowers Hyllopifolia with fix chives, Bloſſoms at the baſe of the leaves; pale blue. 1. Cultivation gives riſe to ſeveral varieties, viz. white bloſ- fomed ; blue ; broad-leaved white, and broad-leaved blue. Salicaria Hyſſopifolio latiore et anguſtiore. Ray's Syn. 367. Hyſſopifolia. Bauh. fin. 218. Gratiola anguſtifolia. Gerard. 581. ſeu minor. Park. 220. Small Hedge Hyſlop. In watery places and ſhallow ponds. A. Auguſt-September, Order TWO POINT A L S. 277 Order II. Two Pointals. 195 AGRIMONY. 607 Agrimonia. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; with five clefts ; ſharp ; ſmall; ſuperior; permanent: ſurrounded by another cup. Bloss. Petals five; flat ; imperfect at the margin. Claws narrow ; growing to the cup. Chives. Threads hair-like; fhorter than the bloſſom ; fixed to the cup. Tips ſmall; double; compreſſed. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two ; fimple ; as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. The Cup grows hard and cloſes at the neck. Seeds. Two; roundiſh. Oes. The number of Chives is exceedingly uncertain ; in ſome plants there are twelve ; Sometimes ten; frequently ſeven. AGRIMONY. The ftem leaves winged; the odd one at the Common end ſupported upon a leaf-ſtalk. Fruit covered with rough Eupatoria hairs.-Bloſſoms on long terminating ſpikes ; yellow. Agrimonia. Gerard. 712. Ray's Syn. 202. vulgaris. Park. 594. Eupatorium veterum, feu agrimonia. Bauh. pin. 321. Hedges and ditch-banks. P. June. The Canadians are ſaid to uſe an Infuſion of the root in burn- ing Fevers, and with great ſucceſs. An Infufion of fix ounces of the crown of the root in a quart of boiling water, ſweetened with honey, and half a pint of it drank three times a day, Dr. Hill ſays is an effectual cure for the Jaundice. He adviſes to begin with a vomit, afterwards to keep the bowels ſoluble, and to continue the medicine as long as any ſymptoms of the diſeaſe remain.-Sheep and Goats eat it; Cows, Horſes and Swine re- fuſe it. T3 Order 278 TWELVE CHI VE S. Order III. Three Pointals. 196 YELLOW-WEED. 608 Refeda. Empal. Cup one leaf; divided. Segments narrow; ſharp ; upright; permanent; two of them ftanding more open upon account of the honey-cup petals. Bloss. Petals ſeveral ; unequal. Some with three ſhallow clefts. The uppermoſt hunched at the baſe; as long as the cup and containing the honey. Honey-cup a flat upright gland; riſing from the re- ceptacle; fituated betwixt the chives and the upper- moſt petal. Cuves. Threads from eleven to fifteen; ſhort. Tips blunt; upright; as long as the bloffam. Point, Seedbud hunched ; ending in ſome very ſhort Shafts. Summits ſimple. S. Vess. Capſule hunched; angular ; tapering to the ſhafts: with one cell ; opening betwixt the ſhafts. SEEDS. Many; kidney-ſhaped ; connected to the angles of the capſule. 3 Obs. There is hardly any genus ſo difficult to characterize as this; the different ſpecies varying ſo much both in figure and number. The eſſential character confifts in the Petals with three Clefts, one petal bearing the honey-cup in its baſe, and the capſules not cloſed, but al- ways gaping open. In the firſt ſpecies the cup hath four diviſions, the petals are three; the uppermoſt petal incloſing the honey-cup hath fix Mallow clefis. Ibe lateral and of pofite petals have three clefts; and there are ſometimes two other very ſmall and entire petals. Shafts three; Chives many. YELLOW- THREE POINT AL S. 279 YELLOW-WEED. The leaves ſpear-ſhaped ; entire; with Dyers a tooth upon each ſide the baſe. Cup with four clefts--- Flowers Luteola in a nodding Spike wbich follows the courſe of the fun through the day; pointing towards the Eaſt in the morning, to the South at noon, and Weſtward in the afternoon : in the night it points to the North. Theſe circumſtances take place even in a cloudy ſky. Bloſſoms yellow. Luteola. Gerard. 494. Ray's Syn. 366. vulgaris. Park. 602. Luteola herba falicis folio. Bauh. pin. 100. Wild Woad. Dyers-weed. Ou barren ground, and on walls. A. June. This plant affords a moſt beautiful yellow dye for cotton, woollen, mohair, filk and linen, and is conſtantly uſed by the dyers for that purpoſe. Blue cloths dipped in a decoction of it become green. The yellow colour of the paint called Dutch Pink, is got from this plant. The tinging quality reſides in the , ſtems and roots, and it is cultivated in fandy foils, rich foil making the ſtalk hollow and not ſo good.--Cattle will not eat it, but Sheep ſometimes browſe it a little. YELLOW-WEED. The leaves with three diviſions. Lower Rocket leaves winged. Bloſoms yellow. Lutea Reſeda vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 100. Ray's Syn. 366. . Refeda minor, feu vulgaris. Park. 823. Gerard. 277 1. There is a variety with curled leaves. Bale Rocker. Corn-fields and on chalk hills. A. July T4 197 SPURGE. 280 T W E L V E CHI VE S. 197 SPURGE. 609 Euphorbia. Empal. Cup one leaf; permanent; a little coloured ; diftended. Morth with four, (and in a few fpecies with five) teeth. Bloss, Petals four; (in a few ſpecies five ;) turban ſhaped; hunched; thick; lopped, irregularly fituated ; al- ; ternating with the teeth of the cup and fixed by their claws to its edge : permanent. Chives. Threads many; (twelve or more:) thread-ſhaped; jointed ; ftanding on the receptacle ; longer than the bloſſom ; appearing at different times. Tips double; roundiſh. Point. Seedbud roundiſh: three-cornered ; ftanding on a little fruit-ſtalk. Shafts three; cloven. Summits blunt. S.Vess. Capſule roundiſh; confiſting of three berries and three cells opening with a ſpring. Seeds. Solitary; roundiſh. Obs. The Capſule is either ſmooth; hairy, or varty. In fome Species the firſt flowers have Chives, but no Pointals. SPURGE. Forked. Leaves very entire, the ſhape of half a heart. Flowers folitary; at the baſe of the leaves. Stems trailing-Blojoms yellow. Tithymalus maritimus ſupinus annuus, peplis dictus. Ray's Syn. 313. Peplis. Gerard. 503. Park. 194. Peplis maritima folio obtufo. Bauh. pin. 293. Small Purple Sea Spurge. On the Sea Shore. A. June. Sea Peplis. Petty Peplus * Flowers in Rundles, with three diviſions. SPURGE. The rundle with three diviſions ; diviſions forked. Partial fences egg-ſhaped. Leaves very entire ; inverſely egg- ſhaped ; on leaf-ſtalks- Alternate. All the flowers fertil. Per als with two horns. Fruit ſmooth, or only rough at the edge. Bloſſoms yellowiſh green. Tithvmalus parvus annuus, foliis fubrotundis non crenatis, peplus di&tus. Ray's Syn. 313. Peplus five eſula rotunda. Bauh. pin. 292. Gerard. 503. In rich cultivated foil. A. July. SPURGE THRE E POINT A L S. 281 SPURGE. The rundle with three diviſions ; diviſions forked. Dwarf Partial fences fpear-ſhaped ; leaves ſtrap ſhaped-Without lateral Exiguais branches. Flowers formed of four horned petals . Little leaves of the rundle and rundlet not broader than the others. Fruit ſmooth. Bloſſoms yellow. Tithymalus leptophyllus. Park. 193. Ray's Syn. 313. Tithymalus five eſula exigua. Bauh. pin. 291. Eſula exigua tragi. Gerard. fot. 503 1. Leaves blunt. 2. Small; growing on rocks. Corn-fields. A. July. - a ** Flowers in Rundles witb five diviſions. SPURGE. The Rundle with five diviſions ; diviſions forked. Portland Partial fences nearly heart-ſhaped ; concave. Leaves betwixt Portlandica strap and ſpear-ſhaped; ſmooth; expanding -Stems a little woody; Smooth; cylindrical ; reddiſh. Leaves alternate ; on very short leaf ſtalks: red on the under fide the baſe. Flowers almoſt fitting : yellow. The firſt and ſecond flower without Pointals. Fruit ſmooth ; angular ; furnifhed with sharp points. Tithymalus maritimus minor. Portlandicus. Ray's Syn. 313. Tab. 24. fig. 6. Sea Thore. S. Auguft. SPURGE. The rundle generally with five diviſions; cloven. Marine Partial fences betwixt heart and kidney-ſhaped. Leaves tiled Paralias upwards--Bloſſoms yellorviſh green. Tithymalus maritimus. Bauh. pin. 291. Tithymalus paralius. Gerard. 499. Ray's Syn. 312. Tithymalus paralius ſeu maritimus. Park. 184. Sea Spurge. Sea ſhore. P. July-Auguft. SPURGE. The rundle with five diviſions; forked. Partial Cern fences heart-ſhaped ; ſharp. Leaves betwixt ftrap and 1pear- Segetalis ſhaped. The upper leaves the broadeft-Stem about a foot high ; reddiſh toward the bottom. Branches at the lower part of the ſtem Short. Leaves pale green. Petals yellow; borned. Many alternate fruit-ſtalks bearing rundlets ariſe from the baſe of the upper Leaves. Tythimalus ſegetum longifolius. Ray's Syn. 312. Tytibmalus maritimo affinis, linariæ folio. Bauh. pin. 291. Corn-fields. A. July -- Auguſt, SPURGE. 282 TWELVE CHI VE S. Sun SPURGE. The rundle with five diviſions ; divifions thrice Helioſcopia cloven, and theſe again forked. Partial fences inverſely egg- ſhaped. Leaves wedge ſhaped ; ferrated--Alternate. All the flowers fertile ; with four entire petals. Fruit ſmooth. Rundle with five clefts, and five leaves. Rundlets with three clefts and three leaves. Bloſſoms greeniſh yellow. Tithymalus heliofcopius. Gerard. 498. Park. 18g. Bau pin. 291. Ray's Syn. 313. Wart-wort. Churn-ſtaff. Cultivated places ; gardens. A. July. If Sheep eat it they are purged by it, and their fleſh gets a bad taſte; but this is not the caſe with Cows. Rough SPURGE. The rundle with five diviſions ; divifions generally Verrucola cloven into three, and there again into two. Partial fences egg-ſhaped. Leaves ſpear-Shaped ; ſerrated; woolly. Capſules warty and woolly--Stem cylindrical. Rundle longer than the Stem ; ſtanding wide. Flowers of the first, Jecond, and third row, barren. Petals four ; entire; yellow. Tithymalus myrſinites fructu verrucæ fimili. Bauh. pin, 291. Tithymalus verrucoſus. Park. 181. Ray's Syn. 312. Rough-fruited Spurge. Cornfields. B. August. Broad-leaved SPURGE. The rundle with five diviſions ; divifions thrice Platyphyllos cloven : and theſe again forked. Partial tences hairy : on the under rib. Leaves ſerrated ; fpear-ſhaped ; capſules warty- Stem upright; one foot high; ſmooth. Leaves alternate ; remote ; expanding ; with a very few hairs ſometimes upon the middle rib on the under ſurface. Petals yellow. . The upper part of the plant of a yellowiſh green. All the flowers fertile. Tithymalus platiphyllos. Ray's Syn. 312. Tithymalus arvenfis latifolius germanicus. Bauh. pin. 291. In corn-fields. A. July. *** Flowers in Rundles with many diviſons. Knotty-rooted SPURGE. The rundle with fix clefts ; forked. Partial Hyberna fences oval. Leaves very entire. Stem without branches. Cap. fules warty—The leaves oblong ; ſometimes hairy; Sometimes fmootha Bloſſoms yellowiſh. Tithymalus hibernicus. Ray's Syn, 312. Tithymalus latifolius hiſpanicus. Bauh. pine 2915 In corn-fields. P. July, SPURGE. THREE POINT A L S. 283 SPURGE. The rundle with many diviſions; forked. Parti- Wood al fences circular; perforated. Leaves blunt-Root-lcaves dow- Amygdaloides ny on the under jurface. Petals creſcent Shaped. Bloſſoms yellow. It retains its leaves all the year. Tithymalus characias amygdaloides. Gerard. 500. Bauh. pin. 290. Ray's Syn. 312. Tithymalus characias vulgaris. Park. 186. Woods and hedges. P. April. SPURGE. The rundle with many clefts; forked. Partial Red fences perforated, notched. Leaves very entire. Stem fome- Characias what woody-Stems thick ; reddiſh; four feet high. Leaves ſpear- Shaped ; like Leather ; a little dozuny; green. Rundles ſmall; crowd- ; ed; terminating ; fitting. The firft flowers without pointals, Petals four ; purple; moiſt. Seedbuds woolly. The Branches of one years growth are thickeſt towards the top and rather wonlly. The flower- ng branches in the beginning of ſpring Moot out from the ends of the other branches, and after the fruit is perfect they periſh, and then other branches ſpring out from the ſides of the baſe. Tithymalus characias rubens peregrinus. Bauh. pin. 290. Tithymalus characias monſpelienfium. Gerard. 499. Park. 186. Ray's Syn. 312. 1. There is variety with yellow flowers. Woods and hedges. S. June. The juice of every ſpecies of Spurge is ſo acrid that it corrodes and ulcerates the body wherever it is applied; fo that Phyfici - ans have ſeldom ventured to uſe it internally. Warts or Corns anointed with the juice preſently diſappear. A drop of it put into the hollow of a decayed and aching tooth deſtroys the nerve and conſequently removes the pain. Some people rub it behind the ears that it may bliſter, and by that means give relief. Order 284 TWELVE CH I V E S. Order VII. Twelve Pointals. 198 HOUSE LEEK. 612 Sempervivum. Empal. Cup from fix to twelve diviſions ; concave; ſharp, permanent. Bloss. Petals fix to twelve; oblong; fpear-ſhaped; fharp; concave; a little larger than the cup Cuives. Threads fix to twelve; awl-ſhaped; ſlender, Tips roundifh. Point. Seedbuds fix to twelve; placed in a circle; upright; each ending in a Shaft; expanding. Summits ſharp. . S.Vess. Capſules fix to twelve; oblong; compreſſed; ſhort; placed in a circle; tapering outwards ; open- ing on the inner ſide. Seeds. Many; roundiſh; ſmall. Oes. When in a luxuriant growth the numbers often increaſe, specially the number of the pointals. This genus is nearly allied to the Stonecrop, but differs from that in always having more than five petals. Common Tectorum HOUSELÉEK with fringed leaves and expanding offsets- Bloſſoms on a crooked ſtalk; pale red. Sempervivum majus. Gerard. 508. Ray's Syn. 269.. Sedum majus vulgare. Bauh. pin. 283. Park. 730, Cyphel. On roofs and old walls. P. July. The juice either applied by itſelf, or mixed with cream, gives preſent relief in burns and other external inflammations. Mixed with honey it is an uſeful application in aphthous cafes.-Sheep and Goats eat it. CLASS. XII. ( 285 ) CL A S S XII. TWENTY CHIVES. THU S is called the claſs of Twenty Chives, becauſe the number of chives is generally about twenty, in moſt of the plants it contains ; nevertheleſs the claſſic character is not to be taken from the number of chives only, but from the following circumſtances, which will ſufficiently diſtinguiſh it both from the preceding and from the enſu- ing claſs. 1. Cup conſiſting of one concave leaf. 2. Petals fixed by the claws to the ſides of the cup: 3. Chives more than nineteen ; ftanding upon the ſides of the cup, or upon the bloſſom, but not upon the receptacle. Hardly any of the plants of this claſs are poiſonous, The fruits are moſtly pulpy and eſculent. Order 1. 286 TWENTY CHIVES. ORDER I. ONE POINT AL. 199. PRUNE. Cup beneatb; with five clefts. Bloſſom five petals. Seed-veſſel pulpy, including an entire ftone. w White Hawthorn. Order II. Two Pointals. 200. HAWTHORN, Cup ſuperior; with five clefts, Bloſſom five petals. Berry with two ſeeds. Order III. Three Pointals. 201. SERVICE. Cu) ſuperior; with five clefts. Bloom five petals. Berry with three feeds. Order IV. Five Pointals. 202. MEDLAR. Cup ſuperior; with five clefts. Blogom five petals. Berry with five feeds. 203. APPLE. Cup fuperior; with five clefts. Bloſſom five petals. Fruit an Apple with five cells and many feeds. 204. MEADOWSWEIT. Cup beneath, with five clefts. Bloſſoms five petals. Capſules many, collected into a ball. a Order V. Many Pointals. 205. Rose. Cup five clefts. Bloſſoms five pe- tals. Cup forming a berry; with many feeds. 206. BRAMBLE. MANY POINTALS. 287 206. BRAMBLE. Cup five clefts. Bloſſoms five pe- tals. Berry compound. 207. TormenTIL. Cup eight clefts. Bloſſoms four petals. Seeds eight ; without 3 awns. 208. AVENS. Seeds many; 209. STRAWBERRY. pe- 210. CINQUEFOIL. Cup eight clefts. Bloſſoms eight petals. with downy awns. Cup ten clefts. Blooms five tals. Seeds many; deciduous; ſituated upon a receptacle re- ſembling a berry. Cup ten clefts. Blosſoms five petals. Seeds many; without awns. Cup ten clefts. Blooms five pe- tals. Seeds many with a joint- ed awn. Cup ten clefts. Bloſſoms five pe- tals. Seeds many, permanent, upon a fleſhy receptacle- Meadowſweet. 211. BENNET. 212. MARSHLOCKS, *99 PRUNE 288 VES Τ TWENTY CHIV E S. 199 PRUNE. 620 Prunus. Empal. Cup one leaf; bell-ſhaped; with five clefts; de- ciduous. Segments blunt; concave. Bloss. Petals five; circular; concave; large; expanding; fixed to the cup by claws. Chives. Threads from twenty to thirty; awl-ſhaped ; nearly as long as the bloſſom; ftanding on the cup. Tips double; ſhort. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives. Summit circular. S.Vess. Nearly globular; pulpy; including a nut or ftone. SEED. A Nut; ſomewhat globular, but compreſſed. Obs. The inſide of the cup in fome, if not in all the ſpecies, is co- vered with a number of ſmall glands which make an appearance like a hoar-froſt. In the Bullace Prune there are ſometimes two pointalsa PRUNE. The flowers in bunches. Leaves deciduous; with two glands on the under fide of the baſe-Petals ferrated; white, Fruit black. Ceraſus aviuw nigra et racemoſa, Gerard. 1504. Ray's Syn. 463. Ceraſus racemoſa fylveſtris fructu non eduli. Bauh. pin, 451, Ceraſus avium racemoſa. Park. 1517. Wild cluſter Cherry. Birds Cherry. Woods and hedges. S. May. It grows well in woods, groves or fields, but not in a moiſt foil. It bears lopping and ſuffers the graſs to grow under it. The fruit is nauſeous, but bruiſed and infuſed in wine or brandy it gives it an agreeable flavour. A ſtrong decoction of the bark is uſed by the Finlanders to cure venereal complaints; and a de- coction of the berries is ſometimes given with ſucceſs in the dy- ſentery. The wood being ſmooth and tough is made into han- dles for knives and whips.-Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horſes refuſe it. Birds-cherry Padus Black-cherry PRUNE. The flowers in rundles on very ſhort fruit-ſtalks. Cerafas Leaves betwixt egg and ſpear-Shaped; gloſſy; doubled together ---Props toothed. Floral Leaves cloven into three ſegments. The terminating Buds producing leaves; but the lateral Buds producing flowers. Bloſſoms white. Fruit black. Ceraſus ſylveſtris fructu nigro. Ray's Syn. 463. Ceraſus ſylveſtris ac major, fruâu ſub-dulci, nigro colore in- ficiente. Bauh. pin. 450. Black Cherry. Mazzards. Woods and hedges. S. April. IC ONE POINT A L. 289 It loves a ſandy ſoil, and an elevated ſituation. The gum that exſudes from this tree is equal to gum arabic. Haffelquiſt re- lates that more than an hundred men, during a fiege, were kept a- live for near two months without any other ſuſtenance than a lit- tle of this gum taken into the mouth ſometimes, and ſuffered gra- dually to diffolve. The common people eat the fruit either freſh or dried; and it is frequently infuſed in brandy for the ſake of its flavour. The wood is hard and tough. It is uſed by the turner, and is formed into chairs and ſtained to imitate mahogany. This tree is the original ſtock from which many of the cultivated kinds are derived. PRUNE. The flowers in rundles; fitting. Leaves betwixt Cherry egg and ſpear-ſhaped; downy beneath : doubled together— Avium Bloſſoms white. Fruit red. Ceraſus ſylveſtris fructu rubro. Ray's Syn. 463. Common wild Cherry-tree. Woods and hedges. S. April. It grows beſt in a rich ſoil on the ſides of hills, unmixed with other trees. It bears cropping, and ſuffers the graſs to grow under it. a PRUNE. The fruit-ſtalks either in pairs, or ſolitary. Leaves Plumb betwixt ſpear and egg-ſhaped : rolled in a ſpiral. Branches with- Domeſtica out thorns.- Prunus. Bauh. pin. 443. 1. Fruit red; acerb and ungrateful to the taſte. Ray's Syn. 463. 2. Fruit large; white. Ray's Syn. 462. White Bullace-tree. In hedge rows. S. April . It loves a lofty expoſure, and is favourable to paſturage. The varieties have probably originated from the red and white culti- vated plumb, either fown by deſign or accident. The cultiva- ted garden plumbs are derived from this ſpecies. PRUNE. The fruit-ſtalks growing in pairs. Leaves egg- Bullace Shaped; ſomewhat woolly: rolled in a ſpiral. Branches thorny Inſititia -Branches reddiſh brown, ſmooth : ſome of them terminating in a thorn. Props narrow: fringed; Marp; cloven at the baſe. Upper ſurface of the leaves finooth. °Cups ſmooth. Bloſſoms white. Fruit Prunus ſylveſtris major. Ray's Syn. 462. Prunus ſylveſtria præcocia. Bauh. pin. 444. Black Bullace-tree. In hedges. S. April. The fruit is acid, but ſo tempered by a ſweetneſs and rough- neſs as not to be unpleaſant, particularly after it is mellowed by the froſts. A conferve is prepared by mixing the pulp with U thrice black. 290 TWENTY CHI VE S. thrice its weight of ſugar. The bark of the roots and branches is conſiderably flyptic. An infuſion of the flowers ſweetened with lugar is a mild purgative, not improper for children. Blackthorn Spinoſa - PRUNE. The fruit-ſtalk ſolitary. Leaves ſpear-ſhaped ; ſmooth. Branches thorny---Props ſtrap-shaped; ſerrated and toothed; the ends of the teeth appearing as if dead. Bloſſoms white. Fruit black. Prunus ſylveſtris. Gerard. 1497. Park. 1033. Bauh pin. 444. Ray's Syn. 462. Black-thorn. Sloe-tree. Scrogs. In hedges. S. March-April. This is not well adapted to grow in hedges, becauſe it ſpreads its roots wide, and encroaches upon the paſturage; but it makes good dead fence. The wood is hard and tough, and is formed into teeth for rakes, and walking ſticks. The thorns have ſome- thing of a poiſonous nature in the autumn. The tender leaves dried, are ſometimes uſed as a ſubſtitute for Eaſt India tea. The Fruit bruiſed and put into wine gives it a beautiful red colour, and a pleaſant ſub-acid roughneſs. An infuſion of a handful of the flowers is a ſafe and eaſy purge. Letters written upon linen or woollen with the juice of the fruit will not waſh out. -Sheep, Goats and Horſes eat it. The different fpecies of Prune furniſh nouriſhment to the following inſects. White black-veined Butterfly. Papilio Cratægi. Great tortoiſe-ſhell Butterfly. Pepilio Polychloros. Brown hair-itreak Butterfly. Papilio Betula. Lappit Moth. Phalana quercifolia. Great Egger Moth. Phalana quercus. Small Egger Moth. Phalanı laneſtris. Black-thorn Moth. Phalana cærulocephala. Emperor Moth. Phalena pavonia. Lackey Moth. Phaleena neuſtria. Ealings Glory. Phalana Oxyacanthe. Sallow Moth. Pbalena Citrago. Orange Moth, Pbalena pruxaria, Phalana brumata. Prune Louſe. Aphis Padi. Cherry Curculio. Curculio ceraſi.- Pruni. Garden Beetle. Scarabaus borticola. Order TWO POINT AL S. 291 the cup: Order II. Two Pointals. 200 H AWTHORN. 622 Cratægus. Empal. Cup one leaf; concave ; expanding ; with five teeth ; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; circular; concave; fitting; fixed to . Chives. Threads twenty; awl-ſhaped : fixed to the cup: Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts two; thread-ſhaped; up- right. Summits with knobs. S.Vess. Berry fleſhy; nearly globular; dimpled. SEEDS. Two, rather oblong; ſeparate; griftly. Obs. The white Hawthorn hath generally only one pointal, and one ſeed. HAWTHORN. The leaves egg-ſhaped ; jagged; ſerrated; Whitebean downy underneath-Bloſſoms white. Fruit red. Aria Meſpilus alni folio fubtus incano, Aria Theophraſti dieta. Ray's Syn. 453. Aria Theophraſti. Gerard. 1327. Sorbus fylveſtris Aria Theophrafti dicta. Park. 1421. Alni effigie, lanato folio major. Bauh. pin. 452. Whitebean tree. Woods and hedges in hilly countries. S. May. It loves dry hills and open expoſures, and flouriſhes either in gravel or clay. It bears lopping and permits the graſs to grow. The wood, being hard, tough and ſmooth, is uſed for axle-trees, wheels, walking-ſticks, carpenters and other tools. The fruit is eatable when mellowed by the autumnal froſts. An ardent fpirit may be diſtilled from it. It ſeldom bears a good crop of fruit two years together. Sheep and Goats eat it. brouin. HAWTHORN. The leaves heart-ſhaped; with ſeven an- Service gles. The lower lobes ſtraddling-Bloſſoms white. Fruit reddiſh Torninalis Meſpilus apii folio ſylveſtris non fpinofa, ſeu ſorbus tormina- lis. Bauh. pin. 454. Ray's Syn. 453: Sorbus torminalis. Gerard. 1471. feu vulgaris. Park. 1420. Common wild ſervice-tree, or forb. Woods and hedges. S. April. There are varieties with leaves more or leſs round, jagged and ferrated U2 HAWTHORN. 292 TWENTY CHI V E S. White Oxyacantha a a HAWTHORN. The leaves blunt; with about three clefts ; ſerrated --Bloſſoms white; fometimes with a reddiſh tinge, as in ma- ny parts of Worceſterſhire. There is often but one pointal and one feed in each forver. Fruit a coral red. Meſpilus apii folio ſylveſtris fpinoſa, ſeu oxyacantha. Bauh. din. 454. Ray's Syn. 453. Oxyacanthus. Gerard. 1325. Spina appendix vulgaris. Park. 1025. 1. There is one variety in which the leaves and fruit are larger ; 2. Another with double bloſſoms and ſmaller fruit : and a third 3. that bloſſoms twice in the year, called the Glaſtonbury-thorn, White-thorn. Haw-thorn. Hedges and woods. S. May. 3 At Glaſtonbury in Somerſet- fhire and about Reading in Berkſhire. Upon account of the ſtiffneſs of its branches, the ſharpneſs of its thorns, its roots not ſpreading wide, and its capability of bearing the ſevereſt winters without injury, this plant is univer- fally preferred for making hedges, whether to clip or to grow at large. The wood is tough, and is formed into axletrees and han- dles for tools. The berries are the winter food of Thruſh and many other birds. This genus fupports the following inſects. White black-veined Butterfly. Papilio Crategi. Black-thorn Moth. Phalana Cærulocephala. Ealings Glory. Phalana Oxyacantha. Brimitone Moth. Phalana Cratægata. Order III. Three Three Pointals. 201 SERVICE. 623 Sorbus. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; concave; expanding; with five teeth ; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; circular; concave ; fixed to the cup. Chives. Threads twenty; awl-ſhaped; fixed to the cup. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts three; thread-fhaped; upright. Summiis roundifh. S.Vess. Berry ſoft, globular, with a hollow dimple. SIIDS. Three; rather oblong; ſeparate; grilly. а SERVICE Τ Η R Ε Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L S. 293 grow SERVICE. The leaves winged; ſmooth on both ſides-Blof- Quicken ſoms white. Fruit red. Aucuparia Sorbus ſylveſtris, foliis domeſticæ fimilis. Bauh. pin. 415. Ray's Syn. 452. Sorbus ſylveſtris, five Fraxinus bubula. Gerard. 1473. Ornus, five Fraxinus ſylveſtris. Park, 1419. Quicken-tree. Mountain Aſh. Woods and moiſt hedges. S. May. 1. Leaves ſtriped with yellow. It grows either in woods or open fields, but beft on the ſides of hills, and in fertile foil. It will not bear lopping. Plants well in its ſhade. The wood is ſoft, tough and folid. It is converted into tables, fpokes for wheels, ſhafts, chairs, &c. The roots are formed into handles for knives and wooden ſpoons, The berries dried and reduced to powder make wholeſome bread; and an ardent ſpirit may be diſtilled from them which has a fine flavour, but it is Imall in quantity. The berries too, under proper management, make an acid liquor ſomewhat like perry. Virgil ſays (Georgica. Lib. 3.) Pocula læti Fermento atque acidis imitantur vitea forbis. Horſes, Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. SERVICE. The leaves winged; woolly underneath - Blof- True ſoms white. Fruit browniſh. Domeſtica Sorbus. Gerard. 1471. Ray's Syn. 452. fativa, Bauh. pin. 415. Sorbus legitima. Park. 14 20. Sorb. Woods in hilly countries. S. April-May. The fruit is mealy and auſtere, not much unlike the Medlar. The Chermes Sorbi and the Coccinella Bipuſtulata, a ſort of Lady Cow live upon both ſpecies - U 3 Order 294 TWENT Y CHI V E S. Order IV. Five Pointals. 202 MEDLAR. 625 Meſpilus. Empal. Cup one leaf; concave ; expanding ; with five teeth ; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; circular; concave ; fixed to the cup. . Chives. Threads twenty; awl-ſhaped ; fixed to the сир. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud beneath. Shafts five ; fimple ; upright. Summits roundiſh. S. VEes. Berry globular; with a deep hollow, but cloſed by the cup. SEEDS. Five; hunched ; hard as bone. Obs. From the above deſcription it appears that the HAWTHORN, the Service, and the Medlar are very nearly allied, ſo as hardly to be diſtinguiſhed otherwiſe than by the number of pointals. The leaves of the Service are generally winged ; of the HAWTHORN ang ular, and of the MEDLAR cntire. MEDLAR. Without thorns. Leaves ſpear-ſhaped ; downy un. derneath. Flowers ſolitary, fiting-Branches woolly. Leaf-ſtalks very Short; channcllcd. Cup terminating ; hairy. Floral Leaf as long as the bloſſom ; which is white. Fruit reddiſh brown. Meſpilus. Gerard. 1452. Ray's Syn. 453. vulgaris. Park. 1422. Meſpilus germanicus, folio laurino non ſerrato, five meſpilus ſylveſtris, Bauh. pin. 453. In hedges. S. May. Many people are fond of the fruit when it becomes ſoft and rotten; it is ſomewhat auſtere, and binds the bowels. Common Germanica 203 APPLE . FIVE PO IN TAL S. 295 203 A P P LE. 626 Pyrus. EMPAL Cup one leaf; concave; with five ſhallow clefts ; permanent. Segments expanding. Bloss. Petals five; circular; concave; large; fixed to the cup. Chives. Threads twenty; awl-ſhaped ; ſhorter than the bloſſom ; fixed to the cup. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud beneath; Shafts five; thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits ſimple, S. VESS. An Apple ; ſomewhat globular; with a hollow dimple ; fleſhy; with five cells; diviſions membra- naceous. SEEDS. Several; oblong: blunt; taper at the bafe ; convex on one ſide ; flat on the other. APPLE. With ſerrated leaves, and flowers in broad-topped Pear ſpikes-Leaves very ſmooth ; Petals white. Communis Pyrus ſylveſtris. Gerard. 1457. Park. 1500. Bauh. fin. 439. Pyrafter ſeu pyrus ſylveſtris. Ray's Syn. 452. Wild Pear-tree Woods and hedges. S. April. 1. There is a variety with leaves but little ſerrated, and double bloffoms; 2. And another that, flowers in the autumn as well as the ſpring. Cultivation hath produced a very great number of other va- rieties, which may be ſeen in Miller's Dictionary or Weſton's Catalogue. It loves a fertile foil, and ſloping ground; but will not thrive well in moiſt bottoms. It ſtands the fevereſt winters, and does not deſtroy the graſs. The wood is light, ſmooth, and compact; it is uſed by Turners and to make Joiners tools; and for picture frames to be ſtained black The fruit is auftere; but when cultivated highly grateful, as is proved by the great variety of excellent Pears which the industry of mankind has raiſed, for they all originate from this. Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. It affords nouriſhinent to the following inſects : Great Tortoiſe-ſhell Butterfly. Papilio Folychloros. December Moth. Phalana Populi. Spotted Buff-moth. Phalana Lubricipeda. Lappit Moth. Phalana Quercifolia. Yellow Tuffock Moth. Fhalana Fudibunda. Black-thorn Moth. Phalana Cerulocephala. Phalana Brumata. Codling Moth. Phalana Pomonella. Pear-tree Louſe. Aphis Pyri. Grey Chermes. Chermes Pyri. Black Curculio. Curculio Pyri. Yellow-headed Fly. Muſca Pyraſtri. APPLE. U 4 296 TWENYTCHIVE S. Crab Malus APPLE. With ſerrated leaves and flowers in rundles ; fitting - Leaves more circular than thoſe of the preceding ſpecies; petals tinged with red on the out-fide. Malus ſylveſtris. Gerard. 1461. Park. 1502. Ray's Syn. 452. Malus ſylveftria. Bauh. pin. 435. Crab-tree. Wilding. Woods and hedges. S. May. The induſtry of the Gardeners never was exerted to greater advantage than in ſweetening and varying this uſeful fruit ; for the numerous varieties we muſt refer to their Catalogues. It flouriſhes better on declivities and in ſhady places, than in open expoſures; or boggy lands. Graſs grows well beneath it. It is much uſed as a stock, on which to ingraft the better kinds of apples; becauſe its roots are neither killed by froſt, nor eaten by Field-mice. The bark affords a yellow dye. The wood is tolerably hard ; it turns very clean, and when made into wheels, obtains a poliſh and wears a long time. The acid juice of the fruit is called by the country people Verjuice, and is much uſed in recent Sprains, and in other caſes as an aſtringent or repellent. With a proper addition of ſugar it is probable that a very grateful liquor may be made with the juice, but little in- ferior to Old Hock.--Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine are very fond of the fruit. This fpecies nouriſhes the following inſects. Gypſie Moth. Phalena Diſpar. December Moth. Phalana Populi. Black Tuffock Moth. Phalena Facelina. Yellow-tail Moth. Phalana Chryforrhaa, Dagger Moth. Phalani Phi. Plumb-tree Moth. Phalana Oporana. Phalana Brumata, Codling Moth. Phalana Pomonella. Black Arches. Phalana Monacha. Apple Louſe. Aphis Mali. Garden Beetle. Scarabæus Horticola. cogs for 204 MEADOW- FIVE PO IN TAL S. 297 204 MEADOWSWEET. 630 Spiræa. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; with five ſhallow clefts ; flat at the baſe ; Segments ſharp ; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; inverſely egg-ſhaped, but oblong; fixed to the cup. Cuves. Threads more than twenty; thread-ſhaped ; ſhorter than the bloſſom ; fixed to the cup. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbuds five or more. Shafts the ſame number; thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives Summits fome- what globular. S. Vess. Capſules oblong ; tapering ; compreſſed. Valves two. SEEDS. Few; tapering ; ſmall. Obs. In the firſt species the Cat ſules are numerous, and form a circle; and in the ſecond they are twiſted like a ſnail ſhell. MEADOWSWEET. The leaves winged; little leaves uni- Drop-wort form; ſerrated ; ſtem herbaceous; Flowers in tufts --Bloſſoms Filipendula reddiſh white. Filipendula. Gerard. 1038. Park. 434. Ray's Syn. 259. Filipendula vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 163. Drop-wort. High paſtures. P. July. The tuberous pea-like roots dried and reduced to powder make a kind of bread, which in times of ſcarcity is not to be deſpiſed. Hogs are very fond of them.-Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it; Horſes refuſe it, -The Eyed Willow Hawk Moth, Sphinx Ocellata ; and the Burnet Moth, Sphinx Filipendula, feed upon this and the following ſpecies. MEADOWSWEET. The leaves winged; with an odd one Common at the end larger than the reſt ; and divided into lobes. Flowers Ulmaria ; in tufts --Bloſſoms yellowiſh white. Ulmaria. Ray's Syn. 259- . Ulmaria vulgaris. Park. 592, Regina prati. Gerard. 1043. Barbara capri, moribus compactis. Bauh. pin. 164. Queen of the Meadows. Moilt meadows. P. June-July. The flowers infuſed in boiling water give it a fine flavour which riſes in diſtillation.— Sheep and Swine eat it; Guals are extremely fond of it ; Cows and Horſes refuſe it. Order 298 T TWENTY CHI VE S. Order V. Many Pointals. 205 R OS E. 631 Roſa. . EMPAL. Cup one leaf. Tube diftended ; but narrow at the neck. Border globular ; with five diviſions ; ex- panding. Segments long; ſpear-ſhaped ; narrow. Bloss. Petals five; inverſely heart-ſhaped ; as long as the cup and fixed to its neck. Chives. Threads many; hair-like; very ſhort ; fixed to the neck of the cup. Tips three-edged. Point. Seedbuds numerous; at the bottom of the cup. Shafts as many as there are feedbuds; cloſely com- preſſed by the neck of the cup; fixed to the lide of the feedbud, Summits blunt. S. Vess. Berry fleſhy; turban ſhaped ; coloured; ſoft ; of one cell; crowned by imperfect ſegments ; cloſed at the neck; formed by the tube of the cup. SEEDS Seeds, Numerous; oblong; hairy; adhering to the сир. Obs. The cup forming the ſeed-veſſel reſembles a berry. In ſome Species two of the ſegments of the cup have a little appendage fide ; the third only on one ſide, and the remaining tuvo have none at all, i ; On each Sweet-briar Eglanteria 418. ROSE, The feedbuds globular ; on fruit-ſtalks ; glofſy. Stem beſet with ſtraight prickles; leaf-ítalks prickly and rough ; leaves Tharp--Odoriferous. Flowers pale red or pale yellow. Leaves ruſty on the under ſurface, and ciammy at the ends. Rofa fylveſtris odora. Gerard. 1272. Ray's Syn. 454. Rofa ſylveſtris odora, feu Eglanteria flore fimplici. Park. Rofa fylveſtris foliis odoratis. Bauh. pin. 483. Eglantine. In hedges. S. May-June. The varieties are, 1. Bloſſoms red; double. 2. Bloſſoms full, and red. 3. Bloſſoms full and fleſh-coloured. 4. Bloſſoms full and fleſh-coloured ; leaves evergreen. The ſweet ſmell of the leaves procurès it a place in our gar- dens. - ROSE MAN Y POIN T A L S. 299 ROSE. The feedbuds globular ; gloffy; fruit-ſtalks covered Burnet with ſtrong hairs. Stem and leaf-ſtalks thick ſet with prickles.--- Spinofillima Fruit roundiſh and almoſt black. Bloſſoms white. Roſa pumila ſpinofiffima, foliis pimpinellæ glabris, flore albo. Ray's Syn. 455 Roſa fylveftris pomifera minor. Bauh. pin. 488. Roſa pimpinella, ſeu pomifera minor. Park. 1018. Roſa pimpinellæ folio. Gerard. 1270. 1. There is a va iety with ſmaller leaves and a variegated bloſſom. Sandy heaths. S. June. The ripe fruit is eaten by Children ; it has a grateful ſubacid taſte. The juice of it diluted with water dyes filk and muſlin of a peach colour; with the addition of alum a deep violet ; but ic has very little effect on woollen or linnen. Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it; Horſes reſuſe it. ROSE. The feed-buds globular; feed-buds and fruit-ſtalks co- Apple vered with ſtrong hairs : ítem beſet with prickles ; leaf-ſtalks Villoſa prickly ; leaves downy-on both ſurfaces. Cups prickly. Blora ſoms deep red. Rofa fylveſtris pomifera major noftras. Ray's Syn. 455. Rofa ſylveſtris pomifera major. Bauh. pin. 484. Roſa pomifera major. Park. 419. On mountains. S. June. 1. There is one variety with double bloſſoms, and 2. Another with large feedbuds. Ray's Syn. 454. ROSE. Seedbuds globular finooth. Fruit-ſtalks ſmooth. Stem White and leaf-ſtalks prickly. Flowers in a ſort of a tuft-Bloſſoms Arverfis white. Hudſ. Flor. Angl. 192. Rofa fylveftris altera minor, flore albo noftras. Ray's Syn. 455. Roſa arvenſis candida. Bauh. pin. 484. White flowered Dog-roſe. In hedges. S. July. ROSE. 300 TWENTY CH I V E S. Hep Canina a ROSE. The feedbuds egg-ſhaped : ſeedbuds and fruit-ſtalks gloffy. Stem and leaf-ſtalks prickly---Bloſſoms pale red. Berry red. Leaves five or ſeven together. Petals compoſed of two lobes. Floral-leaves two; oppoſite; fringed. Rofa fylveſtris inodora, feu canina. Park. 1017. Ray's Syn. 454 Roſa canina inodora. Gerard. 1270. Roſa ſylveſtris vulgaris flore odorato incarnato. Bauh. pin. 483. Red flowered Dogs-roſe. Hep-tree. Wild-briar. In hedges. S. May-June. 1. The bloſſoms ſometimes, but not always, have a ſweet ſmell. 2. The leaves are fometimes variegated. A perfumed water may be diſtilled from the bloſſoms. The pulp of the berries beat up with ſugar makes the conſerve of hepps of the London diſpenſatory. Mixed with wine it is an ac- ceptable treat in the north of Europe. Several birds feed upon the berries. The leaves of every ſpecies of Roſe, but eſpecially of this, are recommended in the Ephemer. Nature curiofor. As a ſubſtitute, for Eaſt India tea, giving out a fine colour, a ſub- aftringent taſte, and a grateful ſinell, when dried and infuſed in boiling water. Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it. Horſes are not fond of it. It is a difficult matter to ſay which are ſpecies, and which are varieties only, in this genus; Linnæus feems to think that there are no certain limits preſcribed by nature. The different fpecies of Roses nouriſh the following inſects. Province Roſe Moth. Phalana Salicella. Emperor Moth. Phalena Pavonia. Furbelow Moth. Phalena Libatrix. Spotted Elm Moth. Phalana Retularia. - Tenthredo Roſe. Tenthredo Cynoſbati. Ichneumon Bedeguaris. Cicada Roja. Roſe Louſe. Aphis Roſa. Roſe Chaffer. Scarabeus Auratus. Roſe Fly. Mufca Pellucens. And thoſe Moflike prickly excreſcences which are frequently found upon the branches of Roſes, eſpecially upon the laſt fpe- cies, are the habitations of the Cynips Roja. This excreſcence was formely in repute as a inedicine, and was kept in the ſhops under the name of Bedeguar. An infufion of the full blown bloſſoms of all the Roſes, eſpe- cially the paler kinds, is purgative ; but the petals of the red Roſes gathered before they expand, and dried, are aftringent. 206 BRAMBLE. MANY POINT AL S. 301 206 BRAMBLE. 632 Rubus. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; with five diviſions. Segments oblong; expanding; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; circular; as long as the cup; upright, but expanding; fixed to the сир. Chives. Threads numerous ; ſhorter than the petals; fix- ed to the cup. Tips roundish; compreſſed. Point. Seedbuds numerous. Shafts ſmall; hairlike; grow- ing on the ſides of the feedbuds. Summits ſimple; permanent. S. Vess. Berry compound; compoſed of little granula- tions collected into a knob, which is convex above and concave beneath. Each granulation hath one Cell. SEEDS. Solitary; oblong. Receptacle of the ſeed-veſſels conical. * Shrubs BRAMBLE. The leaves growing by fives or by threes; in Raſpberry a winged manner. Stem prickly : leaf-italks channelled—Stems Idæus nearly upright; two feet high. Leaves ſerrated; white with ſhort down underneath. Bloſſoms white. Berry red. Rubus idæus ſpinoſus. Bauh. pin. 479. Rubus idaus. Gerard 1272. Park. 557. Rubus idæus fpinoſus fructu rubro. Ray's Syn. 467. Raſpberry buſ. Framboiſe. Hindberry. Woods and hedges in high ſtony places. 'S. May-June. The varieties are, 1. White berried. 2. Without prickles. 3. Flowering in the Autumn as well as in the Spring. The fruit is extremely grateful as nature preſents it, but made into a ſweetmeat with ſugar, or fermented with wine, the fla- vour is improved. It is fragrant, ſub-acid and cooling. It dif- folves the tartarous concretions of the teeth, but for this purpoſe it is inferior to the Strawberry. The white berries are iweeter than the red, but they are generally contaminated by Inſects. The freſh leaves are the favourite food of Kids. Sheep, Goats and Swine eat it; Cows are not fond of it; Horſes refuſe it. BRAMBLE, 302 TWENTY CHI VE S. Dewberry Cæfius Blackberry Fruticoſus BRAMBLE. The leaves growing by threes; almoſt naked. The lateral leaves conſiſting of two lobes ; ftem cylindrical ; prickly--Stems three feet high; purpliſh; branched; with pendant Jhoots at the top. Leaves ſerrated : the middle leaf egg-ſhaped. Blof- ſoms white. Fruit bluiſ black. Rubus repens fructu cæfio. Bauh. pin. 479. Gerard. 1271. Rubus minor fructu cæruleo. Ray's Syn. 467. Rubus minor; chamærubus five humirubus. Park. 1013. Small Bramble. Dewberry-buſh. Woods and hedges. S. June-July. The berries are pleaſant to eat, and put into red wine commu. nicate a fine flavour. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it; Horſes refuſe it. BRAMBLE, The leaves growing by fives, or by threes ; fingered. Stem and leaf-italks prickly-Stem rather angular, ex- tremely long: Leaves a little woolly on the under ſurface. The mid- dlenioft little leaf larger than the others; heart-ſhaped ; ſtanding on a leaf-ſtalk ; but the others are fitting. Bloſſoms white. Fruit firſt red and afterwards black. Rubus vulgaris major. Park. 1013. fructu nigro. Ray's Syn. Rubus vulgaris, ſeu Rubus fructu nigro. Bauh. pin. 479. Common Bramble. Bumblekites. Hedges. S. May-September. The varieties are, 1. Fruit white. 2. Bloſſoms double. 3. Leaves variegated. 4. Leaves jagged. 5. Without prickles. The berries when ripe are black, and do not eat amiſs with wine. The green twigs are of great uſe in dying woollen, filk and mohair black. Cows and Horſes eat it; Sheep are not fond of it. 46-. ** Herbaceous. Stone Saxatilis BRAMBLE. The leaves growing by threes; naked. Wires creeping along the ground; Herbaceous. - The granulations of the berries diflinet, and not united as in the other ſpecies. Bloſſoms white, fruit red. Rubus faxatilis. Gerard. 1273. Rubus alpinus ſaxatilis. Park. 1014. Chamærubus ſaxatilis. Bauh. pin. 479. Ray's Syn. 261. On ftony hills. P. June. The berries are not very good, but Children eat them. Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it; Horſes refuſe it. BRAMBLE. Μ Α Ν Υ Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L S. 303 BRAMBLE. The leaves undivided ; lobed. Stem without Cloudberry prickles, ſupporting one flower. -Stem hardly a foot high. Blof- Chamænorus fom white, or purple. Berries red. In this ſpecies the chives are found on one plant and the pointals on another ; but Dr. Solander bath obſerved the roots of the two plants to unite under the ſurface of the ground. Chamamorus. Gerard. 173. Ray's Syn. 260. Chamæmorus anglica. Park. 1014. Chamæmorus foliis ribes anglica. Bauh. pin. 480. Knot-berries. Cloud-berries. Knout-berries. In peat moſſes. P. May-June. The berries are not unpleaſant. The Norwegians pack them up in wooden veſſels and ſend them to the capital of Sweden, where they are ſerved up in deſerts. The Laplanders bury them under the ſnow and thus preſerve them freſh from one year to another-Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it—the green Butterfly, - Papilio Rubi ; the Emperor Moth, Phalana Pavonia; the Fox- coloured Moth, Phalana Rubi; the black Tuffock Moth, Pha- lena Faſcelina ; and the Swallow-tail Moch, Phalana Sambu- caria, are nouriſhed by the different ſpecies of Bramble. 207 TORMENTIL. 635 Tormentilla. EMPAL'. Cup one leaf; flat; with eight hollow clefts. Eve- ry other Segment ſmaller and ſharper. Bloss. Petals four; inverſely heart-ſhaped; flat; expand- ing; fixed by claws to the cup. ; Chives. Threads ſixteen ; awl-ſhaped: half as long as the petals; fixed to the cup. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbuds eight; ſmall; approaching ſo as to form a knob. Shafis thread-ſhaped; as long as the chives; fixed to the fides of the feedbuds. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Receptacle of the ſeeds very ſmall, loaded with ſeeds and incloſed by the cup. SEEDS. Eight; oblong; taper, but ending in a blunt point. TORTIENTIL. 304 T T WENTY CHI VE S. Upright Erecta Creeping Reptans TORMENTIL. The ſtem nearly upright; leaves fitting- Bloſſoms yellow. Tormentilla. Gerard. 992. Ray's Syn. 257. vulgaris. Park. 394. Tormentilla ſylveſtris. Bauh. pin. 326. Septfoil. Barren paſtures. P. June. The roots may rank with the ſtrongeſt vegetable aftringents, and as ſuch have a place in the modern practice of Phyfic. They are uſed in ſeveral countries to tan leather. Farmers find them very efficacious in the dyſenteries of Cattle. Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it ; Horſes refuſe it. TORMENTIL. The ſtem creeping; leaves on leaf-ſtalks- Bloſſoms yellow. Tormentilla reptans. Ray's Syn. 257. Woods and barren paſtures. P. July. 208 AVENS. 637 Dryas. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; with five or eight diviſions. Seg- ments expanding; ſtrap-ſhaped ; blunt; equal ; ſome- what ſhorter than the bloſſom. Bloss. Petals five. (or eight,) oblong; margin broken ; expanding ; fixed to the сир. Chives. Threads numerous ; hair-like; ſhort; fixed to the cup. Tips fmall. Point. Seedbuds many; ſmall; crowded together. Shafts hair-like ; fixed to the ſides of the feedbuds. Sum- mits ſimple. S. VESS. None. SEEDS. Numerous; roundiſh; compreſſed ; retaining the ſhafts, which grow very long and woolly. AVENS, with five petals; and winged leaves-Seven or nine little leaves upon each winged leaf; the lowermoſt the ſmalleſt. The Aozvering ſtalk twice or thrice as long as the leaves. Flowers ſingle, terminating. This plant is probably the product of the feedbuds of the next ſpecies fertilized by the duſt of one of the BENNETS. Blol- ſoms yellow ; Sometimes white. Caryophyllata pentaphyllæa. Park. 197. Ray's Syn. 254. Caryophyllata alpina pentaphyllaa. Gerard. 995. Caryophyllata alpina quinquefolia. Bauh. pin. 322. In the den of Bethaick in Scotland. P. June-July. Cinquefoil Pentapetala AVENS. Μ Α Ν Υ Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L S. 30 AVENS. With eight petals; and ſimple leaves-- Egg-Shaped; Mountain barſh; ſerrated. Bloſſoms white; on hairy fruit-ſtalks. Otopetala Caryophyllata alpina chamædryos folio. Ray's Syn. 252. Chamædrys fpuria montana ciſti flore. Park. 106. Chamædrys alpinum, ciſti flore. Bauh. pin. 248. Teucrium alpinum, ciſti flore. Gerard. 659. On lofty mountains. P. July. Neither Cows, Horſes, Sheep, Goats or Swine will eat it. 209 STRAWBERRY. 633 Fragaria. Empal. Cup one leaf; flat; with ten ſhallow clefts. Seg- ments alternately narrower, the narrow ones placed on the outfde the others. Bloss. Petals five; circular; expanding; fixed to the cup. Chives. Threads twenty ; awl-ſhaped ; ſhorter than the bloſſom ; fixed to the cup. Tips in the ſhape of a crefcent. Point. Seedbuds numerous; very ſmall; forming a knob. Shafts ſimple ; fixed to the ſides of the feedbuds. Summits ſimple. S.Vess. None. Receptacle of the ſeeds a ſort of berry ; partly globular; partly egg-ſhaped; pulpy; foft; large; coloured ; lopped at the baſe ; deciduous. SeeDs. Numerous; very ſmall; tapering ; ſcattered up- on the ſurface of the receptacle. STRAWBERRY. With creeping wires.-Bloſſoms white. Wood Fruit red. Vefca 1. Leaves not hairy ; wrinkled. Fruit red, conical. Wallis's Nat. Hiſt. Northumberland. Fragaria. Gerard. 998. Ray's Syn. 254. vulgaris. Park.758. Bauh. pin. 326. In woods and hedges. P. 1. In Northumberland. April - May Cultivation hath produced the following varieties. 1. Gold-ſtriped leaved. 2. White-fruited.--This ſometimes happens without cultivation. 3. Double-flowering. 4. Red-buſhy, without creeping wires. 5. White-buſhy, without creeping wires. 6. Verſailles, or one-leaved Strawberry. X The 306 TWENTY CHI VE S. Barren Sterilis The berries either eaten alone, or with fugar, or with milk, are univerſally eſteemed a moſt delicious fruit. They are grate- ful, cooling, ſubacid, juicy, and have a delightful ſmell. Taken in large quantities they ſeldom diſagree. They promote per- fpiration, impart a violet ſmell to the urine, and diffolve the tartarous incruſtations upon the teeth. People afflicted with the Gout or Stone have found great relief by uſing them very largely ; and Hotlinan ſays he hath known confumptive people cured by them. The bark of the root is aſtringent.--Sheep and Goats eat it; Cows are not fond of it; Horſes and Swine refuſe it. The Cuckow-ſpit Frog-hopper, Cicada Spumaria, is very frequently found upon it; and the Coccus Polonicus, a kind of , Cochineal is found upon the roots. STRAWBERRY. The ſtems drooping. Flowering branches flexible-Suckers thick, depreſed; covered with Spear-ſhaped props of the colour of rufy iron. Leaves growing by threes, inverſely eg s-Shaped ; ſerrated ; dented; flexible; hairy; white underneath. Leaf-fialks very hairy. Flowering ſtems thread-ſhaped ; drooping ; fiexible ; with a feru ſmall leaves. Flowers ſolitary; white; on fruit-ſtalks. Fragaria ſterilis. Bauh. pin. 327. Ray's Syn. 254. Fragaria minime veſca. Park. 758. ſeu ſterilis. Gerard. 998. Hedges, P. April. 210 CINQUE FOIL. 634 Potentilla. Empal. Cup one leaf; fomewhat flat; with ten ſhallow clefts. Segmients alternately ſmaller ; reflected. Bloss. Petals five ; circular ; or heart-ſhaped ; expand- ing: fixed by claws to the cup. Chives. Threads twenty; awl-shaped ; ſhorter than the petals; fixed to the cup. Tips in the flape of a long crefcent. Point. Seedbuds numerous ; very ſmall ; forming a knob. Shafis thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives ; fixed to the ſides of the feedbuds. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Receptacle of the ſeeds roundiſh; dry; very ſmall; permanent; covered with feeds; in- cloſed in the cup. SEEDs. Numerous ; tapering. 3 * Leaves M ANY POINT AL S. 307 * Leaves winged. CINCUEFOIL. The leaves winged. Stem ſomewhat woody. Shrub -B joms yellow. Fruticoſa Pentaphylloides fruticoſa. Ray's Syn. 256. Near Mickleforce in Teaſdale, and ſeveral parts of Yorkſhire. S. June. The beautiful appearance of its numerous flowers gains it ad- mittance into low garden hedges. Befoms are made of it.- Cows, Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it ; Swine refuſe it. CINQUEFOIL. The leaves winged ; ſerrated. Stem creep-Silver ing. Fruit ſtalks ſupporting a ſingle flower.---In clayey ſoils the Anſerina leaves are white and filky. Bloſſoms yellow. Potentilla. Bauh. pin. 321. Park. 593. Pentaphylloides argentina dicta. Ray's Syn. 256. Argentina. Gerard. 7.993 Silver-weed. Wild Tanſey Gooſe-graſs. Gooſe-tanſey. In fields near foot-paths. P. June-July. The leaves are mildly aſtringent. Dried and powdered they are given with ſucceſs in Agues. The uſual doſe is a meat ſpoonful of the powder every three hours betwixt the fits. The roots in the winter time eat like Parſneps. Swine are fond of them.-Cows, Horſes, Goats and Swine eat it ; Sheep refuſe it. CINQUEFOIL. The leaves winged ; alternate : little leaves Upright growing by fives; egg-ſhaped ; ſcollopped. Stein upright, Rupeſtris Bloſſoms white. Pentaphylloides erectum. Ray's Syn. 255. Quinquefolium fragiferum. Bauh. pin. 326. Pentaphyllum fragiterum. Gerard. 991. Park. 397 Upright Baſtard Cinquefoil. On the ſides of mountains. P. July. Cows, Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it. ** Leaves fingered. Tormentil CINQUEFOIL. The leaves growing by fives; wedge-ſhaped ; Argentea jagged; downy underneath ; item upright-Bloſſoms yellow. Pentaphyllum erectum, foliis profunde ſectis, ſubtus argenteis, flore luteo. Ray's Syn. 255. Pentaphyllum rectum minus. Park. 400. Quinquefolium folio argenteo. Bauh pin. 235. Quinquefolium tormentillæ facie. Gerard. 987 In gravelly foil. P. June. Goats and Swine eat it'; Sheep, Horſes and Cows refuſe it. - X % CINQUE 308 T Τ Υ CHIVES TWENTY CHI VE S. Hairy Opaca Spring Verna CINQUEFOIL. The root-leaves growing by fives ; wedge- Thaped ; ferrated. Stem leaves nearly oppoſite. Branches thread. fhaped ; drooping-Bloloms yellow. Pentaphyllum parvum hirſutum Ray's Syn. 255. Pentaphyllum incanum minus repens. Gerard. 989. Quinquefolium minus repens lanuginofum Park. 399. Quinquefolium minus repens lanuginoſum luteum. Bauh. (in. 225 Śmall rough Cinquefoil. In Yorkſhire. P. June. CINQUEFOIL. The root-leaves growing by fives; ſharply ferrated ; dented. Stem leaves growing by threes. Stem de- clining- Purpliſh ; much bianched ; ſupporting many flowers. At the baſe of the petals there is a ſpot which is ſometimes of a iawny yellow colour. Leaves fitting ; deeply ſerrated and a little hairy towards the ends. Petals , chives, and pointals yellow. Quinquefolium ininus repens luteum. Bauh. fin. 325. Ray's Syn. 213 In barren paſtures. P. May-June. Horſes, Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. CINQUEFOIL. The leaves growing by fives ; approach- ing at the ends ; ferrated. Stems thread-Shaped ; trailing, Re- ceptacle rough with hair-I lofoms white ; ſolitary. Quinquefolium album majus. Bauh. pin. 325. Quinquefolium ſylvaticum majus flore albo. Gerard. 987. In Wales. P. Auguft: CINQUEFOIL. The leaves growing by fives. Stem creep- ing. Fruit-ſtalks ſupporting a ſingle flower.--Bloſoms yellow. Props in pairs; each prop compoſed of three egg-Shaped leaves. Pentaphyllum vulgatiffimum. Park. 398. Ray's Syn. 255. Quinquefolium majus. Gerard. 987. repens. Bauh fin. 325. Five-leaved Graſs. Road-fides. P. June--Sept. The red cortical part of the root is mildly aftringent and antiſeptic. A decoction of it is a good gargle for loole teeth and ſpongy gums.- Horſes, Cows, Goats and deep eat it. White Alba Common Reptans 211 BENNET. MANY POINT AL S. 309 211 BENNET. 636 Geum. Emrat. Cup one leaf; with ten ſhallow clefts ; nearly upright. Segments alternately very ſmall and ſharp. BLOSS. Petals five; rounded. Claws narrow; as long as the cup; fixed to the cup. Chives. Threads numerous ; awl-ſhaped ; as long as the cup; fixed to the cup. Tips fhort; rather broad ; blunt, Point, Seedbuds numerous ; forming a knob. Shafts long; hairy ; fixed to the ſides of the feedbuds. Summits ſimple. S.Vess. None. Receptacle of the ſeed oblong; hairy ; ſtanding upon the reflected cup.do? сир Seeds. Numerous ; compreſſed ; covered with ſtrong hairs and armed with a long and crooked awn form- ed of the ſhaft, BENNET. Flowers upright; fruit globular ; hairy. Awns Avens hooked; naked. Leaves lyre-ſhaped-Props toothed. Bioffoms Urbanum . yellow. Caryophyllata. Gerard. 995. Ray's Syn. 253. Caryophyllata vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 321. Park. 136. 1. There is a variety with a larger flower; and cultivation pro- duces ſtriped leaves. Common Avens. Herb-Bennet. Woods and hedges P June-Auguſt. The roots gathered in the Spring before the ſtem grows up, and put into ale, give it a pleaſant flavour and prevent its going four. Infuſed in wine it is a good ſtomachic. Its taſte is mildly auftere and aromatic; eſpecially when it grows in warm, dry fituations, but in ſhady moiſt places it has little virtue.-Cows, Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it; Horſes are not fond of it. BENNET. The flowers nodding. Fruit oblong. Awns Water downy; twiſted -- Bloſoms purpliſh. By cultivation they become Rivale Caryophyllata montana purpurea. Gerard. 995. Rays Syn. Caryophyllata montana ſeu paluſtris purpurea. Park. 136 Caryophyllata aquatica nutante flore. Bauh. pin. 321. Water Avens, Mountains in the North, and in bogs. P. July. The powdered root will cure Tertian Agues, and is daily uſed for that purpoſe by the Canadians.-Sheep and Goats eat it; Cows, Hories and Swine are not fond of it. 212 MARSH double. 253 X 3 310 TWENTY CHI VE S. 3 212 MARSHLOCKS. 638 Comarum, Empal. Cup one leaf; with ten fallow clefts ; coloured, Segments alternately fmaller, and placed under the others ; permanent. Bloss. Petals five; oblong, tapering ; three times ſmaller than the cup, to which they are fixed. Cuives. Threads twenty ; awl-ſhaped ; fixed to the cup; as long as the bloſſom ; permanent. Tips in the ſhape of a creſcent; deciduous. Point. Seedbuds numerous; roundiſh ; very ſmall; form- ing a knob. Shafts fimple ; ſhort; fixed to the ſides of the feedbuds. Summits ſimple. S. Vess. None. Receptacle of the feeds ſhaped like a double purſe ; felby : large; permanent, Seeds. Numerous ; taper ; covering the receptacle. MARSHLOCKS. As there is only one ſpecies Linnæus gives no deſcription of it--Leaves winged. Bloſſoms ſolitary; terminating ; purple. Pentaphylloides paluſtre rubrum. Ray's Syn. 256. Pentaphyllum rubruin paluſtre. Gerard. 987. Quinquefolium paluſtre rubrum. Bauh. pin. 326, Purple Marſh Cinquefoil. 1. There is a variety with hairy leaves. In putrid marſhes. P. June. The root dyes a dirty red. The Iriſh ryb their milking-pails with it, and it makes the milk aj pear thicker and richer. Goats eat it; Cows and Sheep are not fond of it; Horſes and Swine refuſe it. Purple Paluſtre CLASS (311) e CLASS A S S XIII. BIO II IN N this Claſs the Chives are numerous ; and ſtand upon the RECEPTACLE, whereas in the preceding Claſs they are placed upon the ſides of the cup or upon the PETALS. A regard to this circumſtance of the Situation, is of more importance than an attention to the Number of the chives. Moſt of the plants of this Claſs are poiſonous TO X4 CLASS ( 312 ) CL A S S XIII. MAN YCH I V E S. ORDER I. ONE POINT A L. * Petals four. 213 Poppy 214 CELANDINE. 215 CHRISTOPHER. Cup two leaves. Capſule with one cell ; crowned. Cup two leaves. Seed-veſſel a Pod. Cup four leaves. Berry with one cell. Seeds in a double row. ** Petals five. 216 Cistus. 217 LIME, Capſule nearly globular. Cup five leaves; two ſmaller than the reſt. Capſule with five cells; like leather. Seed one. Cup deciduous. + Wild Larkſpur. 218 WATERLILY. *** Petals Many. Berry with many cells ; outer coat like bark. Cup large. Order II. Two Pointals. * Burnet Iron-wort. Order Μ Α Ν Υ Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L S. 313 Order III. Three Pointals. 219 LARKSPUR. Cup none. Bloffom five petals; the upper petal horn-ſhaped. Honey- cup cloven; fitting. Dyers Yellow-qvecd. gib Order V. Five Pointals. 220 COLUMBINE. Cup none. Bloſſom five petals. Honey- cups five; horned in the lower part. 21 Order VI. Six Pointals. 221 WATERSOLDIER. Cup with three diviſions. Bloſſom three petals ; Berry with ſix cells, within a ſheath. Order VII. Many Pointals. 22 2 TRAVELLERSJOY. Cup none. Blol. four petals. Seeds many; with awns. 223 MEADOWRUE. Cup none. Blol. four or five pe- tals. Seeds many ; without awns; naked. 224 HELLEBORE. Cup none. Bloß. five petals, per- manent. Honey-cups many. Cap- Jules with many feeds. 925 MEADOWBOUTs. Cup none. Boj five petals. Cap- . Jules many. Honey-cups none. 226 ANEMONE. Cup none. Blof. fix petals. Seeds 227 GLOBEFLOWER. Cup none. Blof. fourteen petals. Honey-cups narrow. Capſules with one feed. 228 CROWFOOT. Cup five or three leaves. Blol. five petals. Seeds many. Petals with a honey-cup in the claw. ? 29. PMI EASANTEYE. Cup five leaves. Blof. five or ten petals. Seeds many; angular; covered with a thick ſkin. + White Water-lily. many. 213 POPPY. 314 MANY CHI VE S. into many 213 POPPY. 648 Papaver. EMPAL. Cup two leaves; egg-ſhaped; imperfect at the margin. Little leaves ſomewhat egg-ſhaped; con- cave; blunt; ſhedding. Bloss. Petals four; circular; flat; expanding; large; narroweſt at the baſe. Alternately ſmaller. CHives. Threads numerous; hairlike; much ſhorter CHIVES than the bloſſoms. Tips oblong; compreſſed; up- right ; blunt, Point. Seedbud nearly globular; large. Shaft none. Sum- mit flat; large; radiate; crowning the feedvefſel. S.Vess. Capſule of one cell, divided half way cells; opening beneath the crown into ſeveral holes. Seeds. uumerous ; very ſmall. Receptacle conſiſts of as many longitudinal plaits, as there are rays in the fummit; connected to the ſides of the feedveſſel. Obs. The Seedveſſel varies in figure from globular to oblong ; and the number of rays in the ſummit are likewiſe various. * Capſules covered with ſtrong hairs. Rough-headed POPPY. The capſules ſomewhat globular, with protuberat. Hybridum ting knobs; and covered with ſtrong hairs. Stem leafy ; fup- porting many flowers --Bloſoms red. Papaver laciniato folio, capitulo hiſpido rotundiore. Ray's Syn. 308. Argemone capitulo rotundiore. Park. 369. Argemone capitulo breviore. Bauh. pin. 172. Argemone capitulo torulo. Gerard. 373. Round rough headed Poppy. In corn-fields. A. June-July. - - Long-headed Argemone POPPY. The capſules club-ſhaped; covered with ſtrong hairs. Stem leafy; ſupporting many flowers—Leaves with three diviſ- ons and winged clefts. Fruit-ſtalks rough. Cups ſet with ſtrong . bairs. Blofioms red. Papaver laciniato folio capitulo hifpido longiore. Ray's Syr. 308. Argemone capitulo longiore. Gerard. 373. Bauh. pin. 172. Long rough-headed Poppy. Corn-fields. A. June. Park. 370. ** Capſules Ο Ν Ε Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L. 315 ** Capſules ſmooth. POPPY. The capſules ſmooth; globular ; Stem hairy; fup. Corn porting many flowers. Leaves jagged; with winged clefts Rhæas Hairs upon the ftem expanding. Stem cylindrical: branched. Sum- mit with twelve rays. Bloſſoms ſcarlet. Papaver laciniato folio, capitulo breviore glabro, annuum Rhæas dictum. Ray's Syn. 308. Papaver rhæas. Gerard. 401. by miſtake: it ſhould be 371, Papaver erraticum rhæas five fylvestre. Park. 367. Papaver erraticum majus. Bauh. pin. 171. Red Poppy. Rouud linooth-headed Poppy. Cop-roſe. Head- wark, Corn-roſe, Amongft Corn, A. June-July, The bloſſoms give out a fine colour, and an infuſion of them made into a fyrup is kept in the ſhops. It partakes in a ſmall degree of the properties of Opium. Sheep and Goats eat it; Horſes refuſe it, POPPY. The capſules oblong; ſmooth. Stem ſupporting Smooth-head- many flowers and ſet with briſtles which lye cloſe to it. Leaves ed jagged, with winged clefts--Bloſſoms red. Dubium Papaver laciniato folio capitulo longiore glabro. Ray's Syn. 309. Long ſmooth-headed Poppy. Cows and Goats eat it; Sheep are very fond of it; Horſes refuſe it. a - POPPY. The cups and capſules ſmooth. Leaves embracing Sleepy the ſtem; jagged.-- Stem and leavet fmooth. Summits ten. Bloj- Somniferum Soms white, tinged with purple. Seeds white. Papaver fylveſtre Gerard. 370. Ray's Syn, 309. Papaver hortente ſemine albo. Bauh. pin. 170. Wild Poppy, Uncultivated places. A. Jul. Opium is nothing but the mirky juice of this plant infpiffated by the heat of the Sun. The Edinburgh College direct an ex- tract to be prepared from the heads, i. e. the feed-veſſels. This extract is ſuppoſed to be milder in its effects than the foreign Opium, but it requires double the quantity for a doſe. A fyrup is made with a decoction of the heads, and kept in the ſhops un- der the name of Diacodion. The ſeeds are ſometimes uſed to make Emulſions, but they have nothing of the narcotic virtues of the other parts of the plant, a a POPPY. 316 Μ Α Ν Υ CHI VE S. ; Yellow Cambricum POPPY. The capſules finooth; oblong. Stem finooth ſupporting many flowers. Leaves winged, jagged-Summits five or fix; diſtinct. Blofioms yellow. Papaver luteum perenne, laciniato folio, Cambro-britannicum. Ray's Syn. 309. Argemone lutea Cambro-britannica. Park. 369. In mountainous countries. P. June-Auguſt. ; 214 CELANDINE. 647 Chelidonium. Empal. Cup two leaves roundiſh; little leaves ſomewhat egg-ſhaped; concave; blunt; ſhedding.no Bloss. Petals four; circular; flat; expanding; large ; narrower at the baſe. Chives. Threads about thirty; flat; broader upwards ; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips oblong; compreſſed; blunt; upright; double. Point. Seedbu t cylindrical ; as long as the chives. Shaft Summit a knob; cloven. S. Vess. Pod cylindrical ; generally with two valves. SEEDS. Many; egg-ſhaped, ſhining; adhering to the little ftalk that connects them with the receptacle. Receptacle narrow; fituated betwixt the ſeams of the valves, and applied cloſe to the feams through their whole length. It continues entire. Ors. The suedveſſel of the ſecond ſpecies is a pod like two capſules ; that of the third ſpecies is a pod with three valves. none. Common Majus CELANDINE. With fruit-ſtalks forming rundles --Blos- Soms yellow. Chelidonium majus. Gerard. 1063. Chelidonium majus vulgare. Park. 616. Bauh. pin. 144. Papaver corniculatum luteum, chelidonia dictum. Ray's Syr. 309. 1. Jagged leaved. Chelidonium majus foliis quernis. Bauh fin. 141. Amongſt rubbiſh. l'. June-July. Cultivation produces double bloſſoms and ſtriped leaves. The juice of every part of this plant is very acrimonious. It cures Terrers and Ringworms. Diluted with milk it confumes white opake ipots upon the eye. It deſtroys warts and cures the Itch. There is no doubt but a medicine of ſuch activity will one day be converted to more important purpoſes. Horſes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine refuſe it. CELANDINE. Ο NE POIN T A L. 317 CELANDINE. With fruit-ſtalk ſupporting a ſingle flower. Hòrned Leaves indented embracing the ſtem. Stem ſmooth-The whole Glaucium plant of a bluiſh green colour. Leaves rather rough. Root leaves with winged clefts. Flowers yellow). Pods rough ; partitioned into cells. Papaver cornutum flore luteo. Gerard. 367. Papaver corniculatum luteum. Park. 261. Bauh. fin. 171. Ray's Syn. 309. Yellow horned Poppy. On the ſea coaſt. A. July. CELANDINE. With fruit-ſtalks ſupporting a fingle flower. Violet Leaves with winged clefts; ſtrap-ſhaped. Stem ſmooth. Pods with three valves—This ſeems to have been originally produced by Hybridum the duſt of a ſpecies of Celandine fertilizing the ſeedbud of the rough beaded Poppy. Bloſſoms purple, Papaver corniculatum violaceuin. Bauh. pin. 172. Ray's Syn. 309. Papaver cornutum flore violaceo. Gerard. 367. Papaver corniculatum flore violaceo. Park. 262. Violet-coloured Horned Poppy. Amongſt corn. A. Auguft. 215 CHRISTOPHER. 614 Actæa. Empal. Cup four leaves. Little leaves circular; blunt ; concave; ſhedding. Bloss. Petals four ; tapering each way ; larger than the cup; ſhedding. Chives. Threa:ls about thirty; hair-like; broader to- wards the top. Tips roundiſh; double; upright. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft none. Summit rather thick ; obliquely depreſſed. S. Vess. Berry betwixt oval and globular; ſmooth : with one furrow, and one cell. Seeds. Many; ſemi-circular; lopped on the inner ſide ; ſtanding in a double row. CHRISTOPHER. The flowers in egg-ſhaped banches. Baneberry Fruit a pulpy berry-Stem Sender; jointed; ſcored. Bloſſoms Spicata white. Berries black. Chriſtophoriana. Gerard. 969. Ray's Syn. 262. Chriſtophoriana vulgaris. Park. 379. Aconitum racemofum. Bauh. pin. 182. Herb Chriſtopher, or Baneberries. In woods and hedges in Yorkſhire. P. May: ---June. This 318 MANY CHI VE S. This plant is a powerful repellent. The root is uſeful in fome nervous caſes, but it muſt be adminiſtered with caution. The berries are poiſonous in a very high degree. It is ſaid that toads allured by the foetid finell of this plant reſort to it; but it grows in ſhady places, and toads are fond of damp and ſhady ſituations. --Sheep and Goats eat it ; Cows Horſes and Swine refuſe it. 216 CISTUS. 673. Ciftus. EmPAL. Cuh five leaves ; permanent. Little leaves circu- lar; concave; three of them large, with two ſmall ones interpofed. Bloss. Petals five; circular; flat; expanding ; large. CHIVES. Threads numerous; hair-like; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips roundiſh; ſmall. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft ſimple; as long as the chives. Summit flat; circular. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh; covered by the cup. SEEDS. Numerous; roundiſh; fmall. Obs. The eſſential character of this genus confifts in the two alter- nare ſmaller leaves of the Cup. In ſome ſpecies the capſule hath one cell and three valves ; but in other ſpecies it hath five or ton cells. Hoary Marifolius CISTUS. The ſtem ſomewhat woody without props ; leaves oppoſite; oblong; on leaf ſtalks ; flat; hoary on the under, but ſmooth upon the upper ſurface-Bloſſoms yellow. Helianthemum alpinum folio Piloſellæ minoris Fuchſii. Ray's Syn. 342. Ciſtus hirſutus. Hudſon. 206. On rocks in the Nor P. July 1. There is a variety in which the leaves are oval and a little hairy on the upper ſurface. The angle-ſhade Moth, Phalana me- ticulofa, feeds upon it. Annual Guttatus CISTUS. The ſtem herbaceous ; without props ; leaves op- ; poſite; ſpear-ſhaped; three fibred. Flowers in bunches, without floral leaves -- Bunches of flowers very Nender; the two outer and larger leaves of the cup fringed. Petals ſtraw couloured with a red Spot. Ciftus flore pallido, punicante macula inſignito. Bauh. pin. 465. Ray's Syn. 343. Ciftus ainaus fore maculato. Gerard, 1281. Cittus annuus flore guttato. Park. 661. In fandy fields. A. June. CISTUS ONE POIN TAL. Ν Τ 319 CISTUS. The ftem ſomewhat woody ; furniſhed with Narrow-leaved props ; trailing. Leaves oblong egg-ſhaped ; a little hairy : Surrejanus Petals ſpear-ſhaped-Bloſſoms yellow. Helianthemum vulgare petalis florum peranguſtis. Ray's Syn. 341, In paſtures and meadows. P. July. CISTUS. The ſtem ſomewhat woody; trailing; with ſpear. Sunflower ſhaped props. Leaves oblong; a little hairy; rolled back at the Helianthemum edges - Petals roundiſh; very entire; yellow. Flowers in bunches and hanging down previous to their opening. There is fometimes, but not always, a decp orange coloured ſpot at the baſe of the Petals. Helianthemum vulgare. Park. 656. Ray's Syn. 341. Helianthemum anglicum luteum. anglicum luteum. Gerard. 1282. Chamæciſtus vulgaris flore luteo. Bauh. pin. 465. 1. There are two varieties, one with a white and another with 2. A roſe coloured flower. The leaves too are more or leſs broad. Dwarf Ciftus. Little Sunflower. Dry hills. P. July. Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it, Swine refuſe it. with props. CISTUS. The ftem fomewhat weody; trailing; furniſhed Dwarf Leaves oblong egg-ſhaped; downy. Cups ſmooth, Polifolius Petals ferrated-white. Chamæeiſtus montanus polii folio. Ray's Syn. 342. Mountain dwarf ciftus. On Brent-downs in Somerſetfire, near the ſevern ſea. P. July 217 LIME. 660 Tilia. Empal. Cup with five diviſions; concave ; coloured; al- moſt as large as the bloſſom; deciduous. Bloss. Petals five; oblong; blunt; ſcolloped at the end. Chives. Threads many, (thirty or more,) awl-ſhaped; as long as the bloſſom. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt; with five edges. S. Vess. Capſule like leather; globular; with tive cells and five valves, opening at the baſe. Seeds. Solitary; roundiſh. Obs. In general only one- feed comes to perfe&tion, and this puſhes aſide the others which are barren, ſo that an incautious obſerver would apt to pronounce that the catſule hath but one cell. be LIME. 320 Μ Α Ν Υ CHI VE S. Linden Europæa LIME. The flowers without a honey-cup-Leaves heart- Shaped; ferrated. Bloſſoms white. Tilia vulgaris platyphyllos. Ray's Sin. 473. Tilia fæmina. Gerard. 1483. major. Park. 1407. Tilia fæmina folio majore. Bauh. pin. 426. 1. With ſmaller leaves. Bauh. pin. 426. 2. With ſoft hairy leaves, and four fided fruit. Ray's Syn. 473. 3. With fix ſided ſeeds. 4. With variegated leaves. Liine tree. Linden tree. Woods and hedges. S. July. It flouriſhes beſt on the fides of hills, but it will live very well in meadow grounds. It is eaſily tranſplanted, and grals grows beneath it; it is uſeful to form fhady walks, and clipped hedges. The wood is foft, light and ſmooth; cloſe grained and not ſub- ject to the worm. It makes good charcoal for gunpowder and for deſigners. It is uſed for leather-cutters boards and for carved work: It is alſo employed by the turner. The leaves are dried in fome countries as winter food for Sheep and Goats. Cows eat them in the autumn; but they give a bad taſte to the milk. The bark macerated in water, may be made into ropes, and fiſhing nets. The fiowers are fragrant, and afford the beſt honey for Bees. The fap infpiffated affords a quantity of ſugar. It affords nouriſhment to the following infects. Lime-hawk Moth. Sphinx Tilia. Small Egger Moth. Phalana laneftris. Gipſey Moth. Phalana diſpar. White-ſpot tuſſock Moth. Phalana antiques Dagger Moth. Phalana Pfi. Buff-rip Moth. Phalena Bucephala. Lime Loule. Aphis Tilia. Tawny Tick. Acarus telarius. 213 WATER ONE POINT AL . 321 218 WATERLILY. 653 Nymphæa. Empat. Cup beneath with four leaves; large; coloured on the upper ſurface; permanent. Bloss. Petals numerous, (often fifteen or more), ſitting on the ſide of the feedbud; not all in one row. CHIVES. Threads numerous, (often ſeventy); flat ; ; crooked; blunt; ſhort. Tips oblong; fixed to the borders of the threads. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped ; large. Shaft none. Summit circular ; flat; central; fitting; marked with rays ; ſcolloped at the edge ; permanent. S. Vess. Berry hard; egg-ſhaped : fleſhy; rough; nar- row at the neck; crowned at the top; with many cells (tèn or fifteen) filled with pulp. Seeds. Many; roundiſhi. Oes. The firſt ſpecies differs from the ſecond in having its cup com- poſed of five circular leaves, and the petals ſmall. WATERLILY. The leaves heart-ſhaped ; very entire. Cup Yellow of five leaves ; large-Flowers on long fruit-fialks. Bloſſoms Lutea yellow. Nymphæa lutea. Gerard. 819. Ray's Syn. 368. Nymphæa major lutea. Bauh. pin. 131. Park. 1252. Ditches and flow Rivers. P. Auguft. The roots rubbed with milk deſtroy Crickets and Cockroaches. --Swine eat it ;Goats are not fond of it; Cows, Sheep and Horſes refuſe it. WATERLILY. The leaves heart-ſhaped : very entire. Cup White with four clefts—The florver apens about ſeven in the morning ; Alba cloſes about four in the afternoon and then lyes down upon the ſurface of the water. The ſummits are fifteen or more; placed in a circle ; and correſponding with as many cells in the ſeedveſſel. Blosſoms white. Nymphæa alba. Gerard. 819. Gerard. 819. Ray's Syn. 368. Major Nymphæa alba major vulgaris. Park. 1251. In flow Rivers and Ponds. P. July. The roots are uſed in Ireland and in the Illand of Jura to dye a dark brown-Swine eat it Goats are not fond of it; Cows and Horſes refuſe it. Both : he ſpecies ſupport the Water Louſe, Aphis aquatilis, and the Water Waſp Beetle, Leptura aquatica. Barh. fin. 193 Y Order M A N Y CHI VE S. 322 Order III. Three Pointals. 219 LARKS PUR. 68 Delphinium. EMPAL. Cup none. Bloss. Petals five ; unequal; placed in a circle. The uppermoſt petal more blunt than the reſt before, but extended behind into a ſtraight, tubular, long horn; blunt at the end. The other petals are be- twixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped ; expanding; nearly equal. Honey-cup cloven ; its front ſtanding in the upper part of the circle of the petals, and its hinder part covered by the tube of the uppermoſt petal. Chives. Threads many, (fifteen or thirty) awl-ſhaped; broadeft at the baſe ; very ſmall ; leaning towards the uppermoſt petal. Tips upright ; fmall. Point. Seedbuds three, or one; egg-ſhaped ; ending in Shafts as long as the chives. Summits fimple; re- flected. S. Vess. Capſules three, or one; betwixt egg and awl- ſhaped; ſtraight. With one valve, opening inwards, SEEDS. Many; angular. Wild Conſolida LARKSPUR. The honey-cup of one leaf. Stem ſub-di- vided.--Bloſſoms blue; or red, or white, or pale red, or violet. Delphinium ſegetum flore cæruleo. Ray's Syn. 273. Conſolida regalis arvenſis, flore cæruleo. Bauh. pin. 142. Conſolida regalis ſylveſtris. Gerard. 1083. In corn-fields. A. June. The expreſſed juice of the petals with the addition of a little aluin makes a good blue ink. The ſeeds are acrid and poiſonous. When cultivated the bloſſoms often become double.—Sheep and Goats eat, it ; Horſes are not fond of it; Cows and Swine refute it. The Peale-bloſſom Moth, Phalana Delphinium, lives upon it. Order FIVE POINT AL S. 323 3 ; Order V. Five Pointals. 220 COLUMBINE. 684 Aquilegia. EMPAL. Cup none. BLOSS. Petals five ; betwixt ſpear and egg ſhaped ; flat ; expanding ; equal. Honey-cups five; equal ; alternating with the pe- tals ; horned; gradually widening upwards; the mouth aſcending obliquely outwards ; fixed to the receptacle inwardly. The lower part extended into a long tapering tube, blunt at the end. Chives. Threads many, (thirty or forty) awl-ſhaped ; the outer ones the ſhorteſt. Tips oblong ; upright; as tall as the honey-cups Point. Seedbuds five; egg-ſhaped but oblong ; ending in awl-Shaped ſhafts, longer than the chives. Summits upright ; fimple. Ten wrinkled, ſhort, chaffy ſubſtances ſeparate and incloſe the feedbuds. S. Vess. Capſules five; cylindrical ; parallel ; ſtraight; taper; with one valve, opening from the point in- wardly. Seeds. Many ; egg-ſhaped and keel-ſhaped; fixed to the opening feam. COLUMBINE. The honey-cups crooked Bloſſoms blue, Common pendant ; ſometimes double. Vulgaris Aquilegia flore fimplici. Ray's Syn. 273. Aquilegia fylveſtris. Bauh. pin.' 144. Aquilegia fimplex. Park. 1367. Aquilegia flore cæruleo. Gerard. 1093. Woods and hedges. P. June. This ſpecies is cultivated in our gardens and becomes ſuſcep- tible of conſiderable variety in the colour of the bloſſom ; as red; purple; white; light brown; blue and white; brown and white. Goats eat it; Sheep are not fond of it ; Cows, Horſes and Swine refuſe it. COLUMBINE. 324 MAN Y CHI VE S. Mountain Alpina COLUMBINE. The honey-cup ſtraight; ſhorter than the ſpear-ſhaped petal-Lcaves growing in double ſets; three in each; jmall . Little leaves with many clefts. Bloſſoms blue. Aquilegia montana magno flore. Bauh. pin. 144. Ray's Hiſt. 707. Woody mountains. P. June. 1. There are two varieties; one with ſmall flowers, and another with 2. Very ſmall flowers and white blolioms. Order VI. Six Pointals. 221 WATER SOLDIER. 687 Stratiotes. Emral. Sheath two leaves, incloſing a ſingle flower; com- preſſed, blant, approaching, keel ſhaped on each fide ; permanent. Cup one leaf with three diviſions ; upright; de- ciduous. Bioss. Petals three; inverſely heart-ſhaped; upright but expanding ; twice as large as the cup. . Chives, Threads twenty ; as long as the cup; fixed to the receptacle. Tips ſimple. Points Seedbud beneath. Shafis fix, divided down to the baſe; as long as the chives. Summits ſimple. S. VESS. Berry covered with a capſule ; oval, taper to- wards each end; with fix fides and fix cells. SEEDs. Many; oblong; covered; generally winged. WATERSOLDIER. The leaves ſword-ſhaped, but triangu- lar; fringed with prickles-Bloljoms white. The chives and point- generally found in the ſame flower, but they have been fome- times obſerved to be on different plants; and where they cre found in the firme focver the Chives are ſometimes without tips. Stratiotes foliis aloes, femine longo. Rays Syn, 2go. Stratiores five militaris aizoides. Park. 1249. Militaris aizoides. Gerard. 806. Aloe paluſtris. Bauh. fin. 286. Water Aloe. Freſhwater Soldier. In flow ſtreams and ditches. P. June. A great variety or inſects are nouriihed by this plant: ſome of then purſue it down to the bottom of the water and devour the leaves.-Swine eat it; Goats refuſe it. Coinmon Aloides Order M A N Y POINT AL S. 325 Order VII. Many Pointals. 222 TRAVELLERSJOY. 696 Clematis, EMPAL. Cup None. Bloss. Petals four; flexible ; oblong. Chives. Threads many; awl-ſhaped ; ſhorter than the bloſſom. Tips fixed to the ſides of the threads. Point. Seedbuds many; roundiſh; compreſſed; ending in awl ſhaped Shafts, longer than the chives. Sum- mits ſimple. S. Vess. None. Receptacle a ſmall knob. SEEDS. Many; roundilh ; compreſſed; retaining the ſhaft, which is variouſly ſhaped. TRAVELLERSJOY. The leaves winged; little leaves Wild heart-ſhaped. Stem climbing-Bloſſoms white. Vitalba Clematis ſylveſtris latifolia. Bauh. pin zoo, feu Viorna. Park. 380. Clematis latifolia ſeu atragene quibuſdam. Ray's Syn. 258. Viorna. Gerard. 886. Great Wild Climber, Virgin's Bower. In hedges. S. July. r. There is a variety with toothed leaves ; 2. And another with entire leaves. The whole plant is acrid. 223 MEADOWRUE. 697 Thalictrun). EMPAL. Cup none; unleſs you call the bloſſom the cup. Bloss. Peials four; circular; blunt; concave; ſhedding. Chives. Threads many ; broadeit in the upper part; compreſſed ; longer than the bloſſom. Tips oblong; upright. POINT. Seedbuds many; roundiſh; roundiſh; often ſtanding on little foot-ſtalks. Shafts none. Summits thick. S. Vess. None. SEEDS. Many; furrowed; egg-ſhaped ; without awns, Ops. In fome Species there are long Nhafts, 3 Y 3 MEADOW 326 M A N Y CHI VE S. Mountain Alpinum a MEADOWRUE. The ſtem undivided; almoſt naked; flowers in a ſimple bunch, terminating-Clives twelve. Pointals eight. Bloſſoms deep red. Thalictrum minimum montanum atro-rubens, foliis fplenden- tibus. Ray's Syn. 204. In wet places on mountains. P. June. MEADOWRUE. The leaves with fix diviſions. Flowers on crooked fruit-ſtalks-Tips of the leaves purple, and the ſtem clouded with blue. Bloſſoms yellowiſh white. Thalietrum minus. Gerard. 1951. Park. 264. Bauh. fin. 337. Ray's Syn. 203. 1. There is a variety with broader leaves. Ray's Syn. 204. In high paſtures. P. July-Auguſt. Leffer Minus a Common Flavum MEADOWRUE. The ſtem leafy ; furrowed. Flowers up- right; forming a panicle with many diviſions-Chives twentya four. Pointals from ten to fixteen. Bloſſoms whitiſh, Root yellow. Thalictrum majus vulgare. Park. 263. Thalictrum ſeu thalitrum majus. Gerard. 1251. Ray's Syn. 203 Thalictrum majus filiqua angulofa aut ftriata. Bauh. pin. 336. Moiſt meadows. P. June. A Cataplaſm made of the leaves has been known to give re- lief in the Sciatica. The root dyes wool yellow.-Cows, Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it; Swine are not fond of it. ܪ 224 HELLEBORE. 702 Helleborus. Empal. Cup none : unleſs you reckon the bloſſom fuch which in ſome ſpecies is permanent. Bloss. Petals five; circular; blunt ; large. Honey-cups many; very ſhort; placed in a circle ; conſiſting of one leaf; tubular ; narroweſt beneath. Mouth with two lips ; upright; broken at the margin ; the inner lip the ſhorteft. Chives. Threads numerous; awl-ſhaped. Tips com- preſſed ; narroweſt in the lower part; upright. Point. Seedbuds generally fix; compreſſed. Shafts anl- . ſhaped. Summits rather thick. S. Vess. Capſules compreſſed ; keel-Shaped at both edges ; the lower edge the ſhorteſt; the upper the moſt con- ; vex; opening Seeds. Several ; round; fixed to the foams. HELLEBORE M A N Y POINT A L S. 337 - HELLEBORE. The ſtem leafy; ſupporting many flowers. Green, Leaves fingered-Bloſoms terminating ; groen. Stem upright; about Viridis a foot high. The root leaves often grow longer than the ſtem. Helleborus niger hortenfis flore viridi. Bauh. pin. 185, Ray's Syn. 271. Helleboraſter minor, flore viridante. Park, 212. Helleboraſtrum. Gerard, 976. Wild black Hellebore. In woods and high paſtures. P. April. HELLEBORE. The ſtem leafy ; fupporting many flowers. Setterwort Leaves like a bird's foot - Bloſſoms ſomewhat globular, green; ſome- Fætidus times tinged with purple at the edges. Stem about a yard high. Helleborus niger fætidus Bauh. pin. 185. Helleborafter maximus. Gerard 976. Ray's Syn. 271. Helleboraſter maximus, feu confiligo. Park. 212. Great baſtard black Hellebore. Bears-foot. Setterwort, 1. Leaves with three diviſions. Fields and hedges. P. March. The dried leaves are frequently given to Children to deſtroy worms, but they muſt be uſed fparingly being violent in the operation, and inſtances of their fatal effects are recorded. The country people put the root into fetons made through the dew. laps of Oxen. Oromo MOTIVOS 225 MEADOW BOUTS, 703 Caltha. Empal. Cup. none. Bloss. Petals five; egg-ſhaped; nearly flat; expanding; large; ſhedding. ch CHIVES. Threads numerous; thread-ſhaped; ſhorter than the petals. Tips compreſſed; blunt; upright. POINT. Seedbuds from five to ten; oblong; compreſſed ; upright. Shafts none. Summits ſimple.s voller? S.Viss. Canfules from five to ten; ſhort; tapering; ex- panding; keel-ſhaped at both edges; opening at the upper feam. Seeds. Many; roundiſh; enlarging; fixed to the up- per ſeam. Obs. This genus differs from the Crowfoot in wanting a cup, from the Hellebore in baving no Honeycup, and from both in having a double row of chives. Y 4 MEADOW BOUTS, 328 MANY CHIVES. Marigold Paluſtris MEADOWBOUTS. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus gives no deſcription of it-The inner row of chives with broad tips; the outer row twice as long, club-Shaped, and the tips compreſſed. Leaves kidney-Shaped. Blolloms yellow. Petals from five to ſeven ; ſomewhat concave. Capſules fometimes more than ten. Caltha paluſtris flore fimplici. Bauh. pịn. 276. Caltha paluſtris vulgaris fimplex. Park. 1213. Caltha paluſtris major. Gerard. 817. Populago. Ray's Syn. 272. 1. There is a variety that is ſmaller. The bloffom is fometimes double. Marſh Marigold. Meadow-bouts. Wet meadows. P. April. The flowers gathered before they expand, and preſerved in ſalted vinegar are a good ſubſtitute for Capers, The juice of the petals boiled with a little alum ſtains paper yellow. The remark- able yellowneſs of butter in the ſpring is ſuppoſed to be caufed by this plant; but Cows will not eat it unlels compelled by ex- treme hunger, and then Boerhaave ſays, it occaſions ſuch an in- flammation that they generally die. Úpon May-day the country people ſtrew the flowers upon the pavement before their doors. Goats and Sheep eat it: Cows, Horſes and Swine refuſe it. 226 ANEMONE. 694 Anemone. EMPAL. None. Bloss. Petals in two or three rows; three in each row; rather oblong. CHIVES. Threads numerous; hair-like; half as long the bloſſom. Tips double; upright. Point. Seedbuds numerous ; forming a knob. Shafts taper. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Receptacle globular or oblong; with hollow dots. SEnDs. Many; taper; retaining the ſhaft. ANEMONE. The fruit-ſtalks furniſhed with a ſort of diſtant fence. Petals ſtraight. Leaves doubly winged--Petals Spear. Shaped : leaves hairy ; fincly divided. Bloſſoms ſolitary; purple. Pulſatilla folio craffiore et majore flore. Bauh. fin. 177. Ray's Syn. 260. Pulſatilla vulgaris. Park. 341. Gerard 335. Paſque flower. In high paſtures. P. April. The whole plant is acrid and bliſters the ſkin. The juice of the petals ſtains paper green. Goats and Sheep eat it ; Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. ANEMONE. Paſque Pulſatilla MANY POIN TAL S. 329 ANEMONE. The ſeeds ſharp; little leaves jagged; ftem Wood fupporting a ſingle flower -Bloſſoms white, with a tinge of purple. Nemoroſa The varieties are 1. Double white. 2. Purple, 3. Reddiſh purple. 4. Double purple. Anemone nemoroſa flore majore. Bauh. pin. 176. . Anemone nemorum album. Gerard. 383. Ray's Syn. 259. Ranunculus nemorofus albus fimplex. Park. 325. Woods and hedges. P. April. The flowers fold up in a curious manner againſt rain. The whole plant is acrid. When Sheep that are unaccuſtomed to it eat it, it brings on a bloody Aux. Goats and Sheep eat it; Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. ANEMONE. The ſeeds ſharp ; little leaves jagged; petals Mountain {pear-ſhaped; numerous—Blue. A pennina The varieties are 1. Large leaved blue. 2. Double blue. 3. Double violet co- loured. 4. Large leaved white. Anemone geranii robertiani folio cærulea. Bauh. pin, 174. Ranunculus nemorofus, flore purpureo-cæruleo. Park. 325. Ray's Syn. 259. Mountain-wood Anemone. In woods. P. April. 227 GLOBEFLOWER. Trollius 700. : EMPAL. None. Bloss. Petals about fourteen; nearly egg-ſhaped ; deci- duous; three in each of the three outer rows, and five in the innermoſt row. Honey-cups nine ; ftrap- ſhaped; flat; crooked; perforated on the inner-fide at the baſe. Chives. Threads numerous; briſtle-ſhaped; ſhorter . than the bloſſom. Tips upright. Point. Seedbuds numerous; fitting; like pillars. Shafts none. Summits sharp-pointed; ſhorter than the chives. S.Vess. Capſules numerous; forming a knob; egg-Map- ed, with a crooked point, SEEDS. Solitary, GLOBEFLOWER 3° Μ Α Ν Υ CHI VE S. Gowlans Europæus GLOBEFLOWER. The petals approaching: the honey- cup as long as the chives-Bloſoms globular ; yellow. Ranunculus globoſus. Gerard. 955. Park. 218. Ray's Syn. 272. Ranunculus montanus aconiti folio, flore globoſo. Bauh. pin. 182.. Locker-Gowlans. On the ſides of mountains. P. May-June. It is cultivated in our flower gardens. Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it; Cows and Horſes refufe it, 228. CROWFOOT. 699. Ranunculus. Empal. Cup five leaves ; egg-ſhaped; concave; a little coloured ; deciduous. Bloss Petals five; blunt; ſhining; with ſmall claws, Honey-cup a little cavity, juſt above the claw of each petal. Cnives. Threads many; nearly half as long as the petals. Tips upright; oblong: blunt; double. Point. Seedbuds numerous, forming a knob. Shafts none, Sunimits reflected; very ſmall.dll S. Vess. None. Receptacle' conne&ting the feeds by very ſhort foot-Italks. SEEDS. Many; irregular; uncertain ſhaped; crooked at a the point. а Obs. The eſſential character of this gerus confifts in the honey-cup ; the other parts of the flower are inconſtant. This honey-cup is in fome Siecies a naked pore; in others the porc is encompaſſed by a cy- lindrical border, and in others it is cloſed by a ſcale which is notched at the end. In the third ſpecies the cup hath three leaves and the bloſſoms more than five petals. The eleventh ſpecies hath only five chives. The fifth Species hath an awl-Shaped receptacle, and the fruit in a ſpike. In ſome ſpecies the ſeeds are roundiſ), in others depreſſed; ſometimes they are beſet with prickles like a Hedge-hog; and fometimes they are but few in number. roy CROW SOLO M A N Y POIN T A L S. 331 * Leaves undivided. CROWFOOT. The leaves betwixt egg and ſpear-ſhaped ; Spear-leaved on leaf-ſtalks. Stem declining-Bloſſoms deep yellow. Flammula Ranunculus flammeus minor. Gerard. 961. Ray's Syn. 250. Ranunculus flammeus ſerratus. Gerard. 961. Park. 1214. Ranunculus paluſtris flamineus minor five anguſtifolius. Park, 1214 1. Leaves ferrated. Ranunculus longifolius paluſtris minor, item paluſtris ſerra- tus. Bauh. pin. 180. Leſſer Spear-wort. In marſhy places. P. June-September. It is very acrid. Applied externally it inflames and bliſters the ſkin. Horſes eat it; Cows, Sheep, Goats and Swine refuſe it. CROW FOOT. The leaves ſpear-ſhaped : ſtem upright- Great Bloſſoms deep yellow; terminating, Lingua Ranunculus flammeus major. Gerard. 951, Ray's Syn. 250, Ranunculus paluftris flammeus major. Park. 1215, Ranunculus longifolius paluſtris major. Bauh. pin. 180. Great Spear-wort. Moiſt Meadows. P. May. CROWFOỌT. The leaves heart-ſhaped ; angular : on leaf. Pilewort Ficaria ſtalks, Stem fupporting a ſingle flower --Petals generally eight; Spear-ſhaped, Cup compoſed of three leaves. Bloſſoms yellow). Chelidonium minus. Gerard. 816. Park. 617. Ray's Syn. 246. Chelidonia rotundifolia minor, Laub. pin. 309, Ficaria verna. Hudſon. 214. Leſler Celandine. Meadows and Paſtures. P. April. The young leaves may be eaten in the Spring along with other pot-herbs. It deſtroys other plants that grow near it. Goats and Sheep eat; Cows and Horſes refuſe it. The Celandine Weevils, Curculio Dorſalis is found upon it. ** Leaves difested and divided. CROWFOOT. The root leaves kidney-ſhaped ; fcolloped ; Wood jagged. Stem leaves fingered, ſtrap-ſhaped. Stem Supporting fe- Auricomus veral flowers. -Cup united at the baſe, and ſcarce perceptibly woolly. The first flowers have ſometimes only one or two petals, but as the Spring advances they have alivy's five. Stem once or twice forked. Bloſſoms yellow. Ranunculus auricomus. Gerard. 954, Ranunculus nemoroſus dulcis. Park. 326. Ray's Syn. 248. Ranunculus nemoroſus vel fylvaticus folio rotundo. Bauh. pin. 178. Sweet Wood Crowfoot. Goldilocks. Goats and Cows eat it; Horſes and Sheep refuſe it. CROW- 332 M A N Y CHI VE S. Round-leaved Sceleratus CROWFOOT. The lower leaves hand-ſhaped ; upper leaves fingered. Fruit oblong-Bloſſoms yellow. Ranunculus paluſtris rotundifolius. Gerard. 962, Ray's Syn. 249. Ranunculus paluſtris ſardonius lævis. Park. 1215. Ranunculus paluſtris apii folio lævis. Bauh. pin. 180. Round-leaved Water Crowfoot. In ſhallow Waters. A. May-June. - The whole plant is very corrofive, and beggars are ſaid to uſe it to ulcerate their feet, which they expoſe in that ſtate to excite compaſſion. Goats eat it; Cows Horſes and Sheep refuſe it. Bulbous Bulbofus CROWFOOT. The leaves of the cup bent backwards; fruit-ſtalks furrowed; ftem upright, ſupporting many flowers ; leaves compound-Chives about eighty, the whole plant hairy, more or leſs. Roots bulbous. Bloſſoms pale yellow, Ranunculus bulboſus, Gerard. 953. Park. 329. Ray's Syn. 247 Ranunculus pratenfis, radice Verticilli modo rotunda. Bauh. pin. 179. 1. There is a variety with hairy and paler leaves. Ray's Syn. 247 Butter flower. Gold-cup. Cows and Horſes have a great averfion to it. CROWFOOT. The cups open ; fruit-ſtalks furrowed ; fuckers creeping; leaves compound-Leaf-ſtalks flatted at the baſe. Cups ſmooth. Bloſſoms cloſe during rain, but do not hang down. Leaves ſmooth, Joining: Bloſſoms bright yellowu. Honey- cup very large. Ranunculus pratenſis repens. Park. 329. Ray's Syn. 247, hirſutus. Bauh. pin, 179. Ranunculus pratenſis. Gerard. 951, Butter-cups. Paſtures. P. May. Goats eat it ; Horſes refuſe it. more Creeping Repens 1 CROW Μ Α Ν Υ Ρ Ο Ι Ν Τ Α L S. 333 CROWFOOT. The cups open; fruit-ſtalks cylindrical ; Upright leaves with three diviſions and many clefts. The upper leaves Acris ſtrap-haped-Hairs on the ſtem preſſed cloſely down. Leaves of the cup hairy; not joined at the baſe. Segments of the leaves ſmooth. Chives about ninety. Threads Mhorter than the leaves of the cup. Bloſſoms bright yellow. Ranunculus pratenſis erectus acris. Bauh. pin. 178. Ray's Syn. 248. Ranunculus pratenſis erectus acris vulgaris. Park. 329. Ranunculus furrectis cauliculis. Gerard. 951. Upright Meadow Crowfoot. Paſtures. P. June-July. Cows and Horſes leave this plant untouched though their par- ture be ever ſo bare. It is very acrid, and its acrimony riſes in diſtillation. Some years ago a man travelled in ſeveral England adminiſtering Vomits, which like white Vitriol, ope- rated the inſtant they got down into the Stomach. The diſtilled water of this plant was his medicine. Sheep and Goats eat it; Cows, Horſes and Swine refuſe it. parts of CROWFOOT. The feeds prickly; upper leaves doubly Corn compound; itrap-ſhaped--Chives about fixteen. Bloſſoms pale yellow. Arvenfis Ranunculus arvorum. Park. 328. Gerard.951. Ray's Syn. 249. Ranunculus arvenſis echinatus. Bauh. Pin. 179. Corn-fields. A. June. CROWFOOT. The feeds covered with ſharp points. Leaves Small-flower'd fimple ; jagged; ſharp; rough with hair. ; with hair. Stem fpreading— Parviflorus Bloſſoms pale yellov. Ranunculus hirſutus annuus flore minimo. Ray's Syn. 248. Tab. 12. fig. 1. Paſtures and Corn-fields, in gravelly ſoil. A. May. CROW FOOT. The leaves nearly circular The leaves nearly circular ; with three Ivy-leaved entire. Stem creeping-Bloſſoms white or pale ſtraw Hederaceus colour. Ranunculus aquatilis hederaceus albus. Ray's Syn. 249. Ranunculus aquatilis hederaceus luteus. Bauh. pin. 180. Ranunculus he eraceus aquaticus. Park, 1216. Ranunculi aquatilis varietas altera. Gerard, 830, Ivy-leaved Water Crowfoot. Ditches and flow ſtreams. P. May. lobes ; very CROIT. 334 M ANY CHIVÉ S. Water Aquatilis CROWFOOT. The leaves which are under the water hair like; thoſe above the water have central leaf-ſtalks-Petals bave not a ſcale at the baſe but a little bole filled with Honey. Bloſſoms on fruit-ſtalks which ariſe from the ſame ſheath with the leaves do; white, or pale ſtraw colour. Ranunculus aquatilis. Gerard. 829. Ray's Syn. 249. Ranunculus aquaticus, hepaticæ facie. Park. 1216. Ranunculus aquaticus folio rotundo et capillaceo. Bauh pin. 1So. Various leaved Water Crowfoot. Ditches, ponds, rivers. P. April-May. Cows, Horſes, Goats Sheep and Swine eat it. a none. 229 PHEASANT-E YE. 698 Adonis. Empal. Cup five leaves ; blunt; concave; a little co- loured; deciduous. Bloss. Petals five to fifteen ; oblong ; blunt; ſhining. Chives. Threads many; very ſhort ; awl-ſhaped. Tips oblong; bent inwards. Point. Seedbuds numerous ; forming a knob. Shafts Summits ſharp; reflected. S. Vess. None. Receptacle oblong ; ſpiked. SEEDS. Numerous ; irregular; angular; hunched at the baſe; crooked at the top; without awns; but hav- ing a ſmall projection. PHEASANT EYE. Flowers with eight petals. Fruit nearly cylindrical --- Bloſoms fearlet. Adonis hortenlis flore minore atro-rubente. Bauh. pin. 178. Flos adonis. Park. 293. Ray's Syn. 251. Flos adonis. flore rubro. Gerard. 387. Adonis Flower. Red Maithes. Red Morocco. Corn-fields. A. June-July. Its beautiful ſcarlet bloſſoms have cauſed it to be admitted in- to our gardens. Autumnal Autumnalis CLASS ( 335 ) CLASS XIV. . TH HE eſſential character of this Claſs confifts in the Flowers being furniſhed with four Chives, two of which are long, and two ſhort. The ſhort Chives ſtand next together and adjoining to the ſhaft of the Pointal. They are covered by the Bloſſom, which is irregular in its ſhape. This Claſs comprehends the Whorled Plants, the lipped, the maſked, the gaping and the grinning flowers of other authors. It admits of the following NATURAL CHARACTER EMPAL. Cup one leaf; upright ; tubular, with five clefts ; Segments unequal; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; upright. The baſe tubular, contain- ing honey, and ſerving for a honey-cup. Border generally gaping; the upper Lip ſtraight; the lower Lip expanding, with three Segments; the middle one the broadeft. Chives. Threails four ; ftrap-ſhaped; fixed to the tube of the bloſſom but leaning towards the back of it. The threads are all parallel ; ſeldom taller than the bloſſom. The two middle threads are ſhorter than thoſe on each ſide. Tips generally covered by the upper lip of the bloſſom, and approaching each other, ſo as to ſtand Point. Seedbud generally ſuperior. Shaft fingle ; thread- ſhaped; bent in the ſame manner as the chives and generally ſtanding in the midſt of them, but fome- what longer, and a little crooked at the mit generally cloven. S. Vess. Either none, (as in the firſt order.) but when there is one, (as in the ſecond order,) it generally conſiſts of two cells. Seeds. In the firſt Order four, feated at the bottom of the cup. In the ſecond Order many; fixed to the re- ceptacle, which is placed in the middle of the feed-veffel. Obs. The flowers of this Claſs are for the moſt part nearly upright, but leaning a little from the ſtem, ſo that the bloſſom might more effectually cover the tips from the rain, and the duſt more eaſily fall upon the ſummit. The plants in the firſt order of this Claſs are . odoriferous, cephalic and reſolvent. None of them are poiſonous. CLASS in pairs. top. Sum- ( 336 ) C LA S S XIV. TWO CHIVES LONGER. Order I. Seeds naked. 231 Gill. 232 MINT. * Cups generally with five Clefts. 230 Motherwort. Tips ſprinkled with particles as hard as bone. Tips in pairs ; each pair forming a croſs. Threads diſtant; ſtraight. Bloll. nearly equal. 233 Vervain. Bloſſom nearly equal. The upper ſeg- ment of the cup the ſhorteft. . 234 GERMANDER. Bloſſom without any upper lip, but the upper ſegment of the petal divided. Bloom with the upper lip ſhorter than the chives: 236 BETONY. Bloſſom with the upper lip flat; af- cending. Tube cylindrical. Chives as long as the mouth of the tube. 237 ARCHANGEL. Bloom with a briſtle-ſhaped tooth on each ſide the lower lip. 238 ALIHEAL. Bloſom with two taper teeth upon the lower lip. 239 CLOWN- 235 BUGLE. SEEDS NAKED 337 240 NAP. 239 CLOWNHEAL. Bloſſom with the lateral ſegments of the lower lip reflected. Chives after ſhedding their duft turned to the ſides. Bloffom with the lower lip ſcolloped. Mouth with the edge reflected. 241 HENBIT . Cup with ten ſcores. Bloffom with the upper lip vaulted. 242 HOREHOUND. Cup with ten ſcores. Bloſſom with the upper lip flat and ſtraight. * Marjoram. * * Cups with two Lips. 243 HOODWORT. Cup after flowering appears as if cloſed with a cover, reſembling a helmet. Cup cloſed at the mouth with ſoft hairs. 245 SELFHEAL. Threads forked at the end. 246 MARJORAME Cups incloſed in a tiled cone. 247 BASIL. Cups incloſed in a fence. 248 BALMLEAF. Cup wider than the tube of the blof- ſom. The upper Lip of the blol- ſom flat and entire. Tips croſſing each other. 249 CALAMINT. Cup angular; ſkinny; upper lip aſcending. 244 Thyme. Order II. Seeds covered. * Caps with two Clefts. 250 BROOMRAPE. Capſules with one cell. Bloff. nearly equal; with four clefts. A Gland at the baſe of the feed-bud. * * Cups with four Clefts. 251 TOOTHWORT. Cupſules with one cell. Bloß. gap- ing. A Gland at the baſe of the feed-bud. 252 PAINTEDCUP. Capſule with two cells. ing. Cup coloured. Z Bloff gap 253 EYE- 338 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 253 EYE-BRIGHT. Capſule with two cells. Bloß. gap- ing. Lower Tips thorny. Capſule with two cells. Bloß. gaping. Capſule compreſſed. Capſule with two cells. Bloll gaping. Seeds two; hunched. 254 RATTLE. 255 CoWWHEAT. 257 FIGWORT. *** Cups with five Clefts. 256 MUDWIED. Capſule with one cell. Bloſ. bell- ſhaped ; regular. Seeds many. Capſule with two cells. Blol. facing upwards. The middle ſegment hath another within it. 258 COUNTERWORT. Capſule with two cells. Bloſ. wheel- ſhaped. Chives placed two and two, approaching. Capſule with two cells. Bloff. bell- ſhaped, diftended on the under- fide. Chives declining 260 TOADELAX Capſules with two cells. Bloſ. gap- ing; with projecting honey-cup beneath. 261 LOUSE WORT. Capſules with two cells. Bloß. gap- ing Seeds coated. 259 FOXGLOVE. 230 MOTHER- S E E D S N A KE D. 339 ; 230 M OTHERWORT. 722 Leonurus. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular; cylindrical, but angu. lar; with five edges, and five teeth; permanent. Bloss. One petal'; gaping. Tube narrow. Border open- ing with a long mouth. Upper Lip the longeſt ; ſemi- cylindrical; concave; hunched; roundiſh and blunt at the end; entire; covered with ſoft hairs. Lower Lip reflected; with three diviſions. Segments ſpear-ſhaped; nearly equal. Chives.Threads four; (two long and two ſhort,) covered by the upper lip. Tips oblong; compreſſed; cloven half way down : fixed ſideways to the threads ; ſprinkled with very ſmall, folid, ſhining, elevated, globular particles. Point. Seedbuds four Shaft thread-ſhaped; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summits clo- ven; ſharp S.Vess. None. The Cup remaining unchanged, con- tains the feed within it. Seeds. Four; oblong; convex on one ſide ; angular on the other. 3 MOTHERWORT. The ſtem leaves ſpear-ſhaped, with three Cordial lobes-- The particles upon the Tips are very conſpicuous. Bloſſoms Cardiaca purpliſh. Cardiaca. Park. 41. Ray's Syn. 239. Marrubium cardiaca dictum. Bauh. pin. 230. 1. There is a variety with curled leaves. Dunghills and amongſt rubbiſh. B. July. The leaves have a ſtrong, but not an agreeable ſmell, and a bitter taſte. Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it; Cows are not fond of it ; Swine refuſe it. Z % 231 GILL, 340 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 231 GILL. 714 Glecoma Ground-Ivy Hederacea Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular; cylindrical ; ſcored; very ſmall; permanent. Rim with five teeth ; taper; unequal. Bloss. One petal; gaping, Tube lender: compreſſed. Upper Lip upright; blunt; with a ſhallow cleft. Lower Lip expanding; large; blurit; in three ſeg- ments; the middle ſegment largeſt and notched at the end. Chives Threads four; (two long and two ſhort:) cover- ed by the upper lip. Tips of each pair of chives ap- proaching ſo as to form a croſs. Point. Seedbud cloven into four. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; leaning under the upper lip. Summit cloven; ſharp. S. Vess. None. The feeds lye at the bottom of the сир. SEEDS. Four; ogg-Shaped. OBs. The chives are ſometimes imperfect, conſiſting of threads only half the uſual length, and terminated by a reddiſh blunt point. GILL. The leaves kidney-Ihaped; ſcolloped-Little protube- rances compoſed of many cells, are ſometimes found upon the leaves and are occaſioned by inſects. Steins four cornered; trailing. Bloſſoms blue. Cultivation hath occafioned the following varieties. 1. Bloſſoms purple. 2. Bloſſoms white. 3. Leaves finall and elegant. Hedera terreſtris. Gerard. 856. vulgaris. Park. 676. Bauh. pin. 306. Calamintha humilior, folio rotundiore. Ray's Syn. 243. Hedera terreſtris montana. Bauh. ſin. 306. Park. 677. Ground Ivy. Cats-foot. Ale-hoof. Tun-hoof. Robin run in the hedge. Hedges and ſhady places. P. May. The leaves are thrown into the vat with ale, to clarify it and to give it a flavour. Ale thus prepared is often drank as an An- tiſcorbutic. The expreſſed juice mixed with a little wine, and applied morning and evening, deſtroys the white ſpecks upon Horſes eyes. The plants that grow near it do not fouriſh. It is ſaid to be hurtful to Horſes if they eat much of it. Sheep eat it; Horſes are not fond of it; Cows, Goats and Swine refuſe it. The furbelow Moth, Phalana libatrix and the Cynips Glechoma live upon it. a 232 MINT SEEDS NA K E D. 341 the cup: 232 MINT. 713 Mentha. . EMPAL. Cup one leaf; tubular; upright; with five teeth ; equal; permanent. Bloss. One petal; upright; tubular ; rather longer than Border with four diviſions, nearly equal. The Upper Segment the broadeſt and notched at the end. Chives. Threads four; awl-ſhaped; upright; diftant; the two next each other the longeſt. Tips roundiſh. . Point. Seedbud cloven into four. Shaft thread-lhaped; upright; longer than the bloſſom. Summit cloven ; expanding S.Vess. None. Cup upright; containing the ſeeds. Seeds. Four; ſmall. Obs. In the Water-mint the chives are all nearly of the ſame length. -- MINT, with flowers in oblong ſpikes ; leaves oblong; dow- Long-leaved ny; ſerrated; fitting, Chives longer than the bloſſom-Leaves Sylveſtris whitiſh. Bloſſoms pale purple. Mentha ſylveſtris folio longiore. Bauh. pin. 227. Menthaftrum fpicatum folio longiore candicante. Ray's Syn. 234. Mentha longifolia. Hudſon. 221. 1. There is a variety that is hairy with a broader ſpike. Ray's Syn. 234 Long-leaved Horſe-mint, Marſhes. P. Auguſt. 2 3 MINT 342 TWO CHIVES LONGER. Spear MINT, with flowers in oblong ſpikes. Leaves ſpear-ſhaped ; Viridis naked; ſerrated ; fitting. Chives longer than the bloſſom- Nearly allied to the preceding Species but ſmaller and ſmoother. Blof- foms purpliſh red. Mentha anguſtifolia ſpicata. Bauh. pin. 227. Mentha anguſtifolia glabra fpicata, folio rugofiore, odore gra- viore. Ray's Syn. 233. Mentha ſpicata. Hudſon. 221. 1. There is one variety with a broad ſpike. Ray's Syn. 233. and another 2. With broader leaves. Ray's Syn. 234. 3. Cultivation produces leaves ſtriped with white, or yellow : or curled leaves. Banks of rivers. P. Auguſt. The flavour of this ſpecies being more agreeable than that of the others, it is generally preferred for Culinary and Medicinal purpoſes. A conſerve of the leaves is very grateful, and the diſtilled waters both fimple and ſpirituous are univerſally thought pleaſant. The leaves are uſed in fpring ſallads; and the juice of them boiled up with ſugar is formed into tablets. The diſ- tilled waters and the eſſential oil are often given to ſtop reachings, and frequently with ſucceſs. From the circumſtances noticed under the ninth ſpecies, it has been imagined, that Cataplaſms and Fomentations of Mint, would diſſolve coagulations of milk in the breaſts ; but Dr. Lervis ſays, that the curd of milk, di- geſted in a ſtrong infuſion of Mint, could not be perceived to be any otherwiſe affected than by common water : however, milk in which Mint leaves were ſet to macerate, did not ccagulate near ſo ſoon as an equal quantity of the ſame milk kept by itſelf. Dr. Lewis ſays that Dry Mint digeſted in rectified ſpirits of wine, gives out a tincture, which appears by day-light of a fine dark green, but by candle-light of a bright red colour. The fact is that a ſmall quantity of this tincture is green either by day- light or by candle-light, but a large quantity of it ſeems impervi- ous to common day-light; however when held betwixt the eye and a candle, or betwixt the eye and the ſun it appears red. a Round-leaved MINT, with flowers in oblong ſpikes. Leaves circular ; Rotundifolia wrinkled ; ſcolloped; fitting-Bloſoms pale red; or purple. Mentha fylveſtris rotundiore folio. Bauh. pin. 227. Menthaítrum folio rugoſo rotundiore ſpontaneum, flore fpicato, odore gravi. Ray's Syn. 234. Menthaftrum. Gerard. 683. Round-leaved Horſe-mint. In marſhes. P. Auguft. a MINT SEEDS NA K E D. 343 MINT with flowers in heads. Leaves egg-ſhaped; ſerrated; Round-headed downy; almoſt fitting. Chives longer than the blofiom-Pointal Hirſuta longer than the blojom, which is nearly equal and deeply divided into four parts. Cups fringed. Bloſſoms purpliſh white. Siſymbrium hirſutum. Ray's Syn. 233. 1. Outſide of the bloffom and the leaves and ſtem hairy. Mentha hirſuta. Hudſon 223. 2. There is a variety with leaves more circular. Ray's Syn. 233. Tab. 10. fig. I In watery places. P. Auguſt. Linnæus ſays the chives are longer than the bloſſom, and refers to Hudſon's Flora Anglica; but Hudſon ſays the chives are ſhorter than the bloſſom. MINT with flowers in heads. Leaves egg-ſhaped; ſerrated; Water on leaf-ſtalks. Chives longer than the bloſſom-differing but lit- Aquatica ele in length; not hairy. Flowers in terminating whorls, fo crowded. together as to reſemble a head or a blunt ſpike. Bloſſoms pale red. Mentha aquatica ſeu fiſymbrium. Gerard. 684. Ray's Syn. 233. Mentha aquatica rubra. Park. 1243. Mentha rotundifolia paluſtris, ſeu aquatica major, Bauh. pin. 227. 1. The leaves are ſometimes ſtriped. Banks of rivers. P. July-Auguft. Horſes eat it; Swine refute it. MINT with flowers in heads. Leaves egg-ſhaped, on leaf-Pepper ſtalks. Chives ſhorter than the bloſſom -Stem upright. Bloſſoms Piperita purpliſh red. Under each whort of flowers there are two pointed, Jpear-ſhaped, bairy floral leaves. Mentha fpicis brevioribus et habitioribus, foliis menthæ fufcæ ſapore fervido piperis. Ray's Syn. 234. Tab. 10. fig. 2. 1. It varies in the leaves being more or leſs pointed. Brooks and watery places. P. Auguſt. The ſtem and leaves are beſet with numbers of very minute glands containing the eſſential oil; which riſes plentifully in diitillation. The Pepper Mint water is well known as a carmi- native and antiſpaſmodic. Junipers eſſence of Pepper Mint is an elegant medicine, and poſſeſſes the moſt active properties of the plant. - MINT with flowers in whorls ; leaves egg-ſhaped; rather Curled Tarp; ſerrated. Chives longer than the bloſſom---Stems trailing v Sativa leaves often curled at the edges. Bloſſoms purple. Mentha verticillata. Ray's Syn. 232. Hudſon. 222. Mentha criſpa. Park. 31. verticillata. Bauh. pin. 227. Mentha fativa rubra. Gerard. 680. Marshes and banks of rivers. P. Auguft. MINT. 2 4 344 . TWO CHI VES LONGER, Reed Gentilis MINT, with flowers in whorls. Leaves egg-ſhaped, Tharp; ſerrated. Chives ſhorter than the bloffom - Stems red. Cups beſprinkled with reſinous dots. Leaves ſometimes red. Blofioms pale red. Corn Arvenſis Mentha fufca, ſeu vulgaris. Park. 31. Ray's Syn. 232. Mentha cardiaca. Gerard. 680. Mentha hortenſis verticillata, ocymi odore. Bauh pin, 227, 1. There is a variety with blunter leaves and a more aromatic ſmell. Ray's Syn. 239. In watery places. P. Auguft. MINT, with flowers in whorls. Leaves egg-ſhaped ; ſharp ſerrated. Chives as long as the bloſſom ---Stems ſpreading. The whole plant hairy, Cups white with down. Bloſſoms pale red. Mentha arvenſis verticillata. Bauh. pin. 229. Mentha ſeu calamintha aquatica. Gerard. 684. Ray's Syn. 232. 1. Round-leaved. Moiſt corn-fields. P. Auguſt-September. It prevents the coagulation of milk, and when cows have eat- en it, as they will do largely at the end of ſummer, when the paſtures are bare and hunger diſtreſſes them, their milk can hardly be made to yield cheeſe : a circumſtance that puzzles the dairy maids not a little, Horſes and Goats eat it; Sheep are not fond of it; Cows and Swine refuſe it. Smooth Exigua Pennyroyal Pulegium MINT, with flowers in whorls. Leaves betwixt ſpear and egg-ſhaped; ſmooth; ſharp; very entire—Stems trailing. Bluf- ſoms purpliſh. Mentha aquatica exigua. Ray's Syn. 232. Mentha arvenſis verticillata, feu aquatica belgarum lobelii. Park. 36. Near rivers. P. Auguſt, MINT, with flowers in whorls. Leavęs egg-ſhaped; blunt; ſlightly fcolloped. Stems nearly cylindrical ; creeping. Chives longer than the bloſſom-which is of a pale purple : cultivation will reduce it to a tubitc. Pulegium. Ray's Syn. 235. vulgare. Park. 29. Pulegium regium. Gerard. 671. Pulegium latifolium. Bauh. pin 222. In places that are flooded. P. Auguſt - October, The expreſſed juice, with a little ſugar is not a bad medicine in the Hooping Cough. A fimple and a ſpirituous water diſtilled from the dried leaves are kept in the ſhops. They are preſcribed in hyſterical Affe&tions, and are not without conſiderable antiſpaſ- modic properties. An infufion of the plant may be uſed with the ſame intentions. The SEEDS N A K E D. 345 The Mint Fly, Mufca Pipiens. The Green Tortoiſe Beetle, Caſida Viridis, and the Green- filken Moth, Phalana Chryſitis, live upon the different ſpecies of mint. 233 YER V A IN. 32 Verbena, Empal. Cup of one leaf; angular ; tubular ; permanent. The tube of equal thickneſs ; with five teeth; one of the teeth lopped. Bloss. One petal; unequal. Tube cylindrical; ſtraight; as long as the cup: dilated, and bowed inward to- wards the top. Border expanding ; with five ſhal- low clefts; the ſegments rounded; nearly equal. Chives. Threads four; briftly ; very ſhort; conc within the tube of the bloffom ; two longer thaealed other two. Tips crooked: either two or four,n the Point. Seedbud four cornered, Shaft fimple; thread- ſhaped ; as long as the tube. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Very fine and thin, but generally none; the cup containing the ſeeds. Seeds. Two; or four; oblong. Obs. Linnæus attending chiefly to the foreign ſpecies, places this in the firſt order of the ſecond claſs, but the only Britiſh fiecies being an exception to that arrangement, we have ventured to put it in its proper ſituation. ; VERVAIN, with thread-haped panicle ſpikes; the leaves Common , with Officinalis many jagged clefts; the ſtem fingle. --Blojjoms pale blue. Verbena vulgaris. Ray's Syn. 236. Verbena mas f. recta et vulgaris. Park. 674. Verbena communis. Gerard. . cæruleo flore. Baul, pin.269. Simplers Joy. yg Ditch-banks and road-ſides in gravelly foils. A. July. It manifeſts a flight degree of aitringency. The root work at the pit of the ſtomach, an infuſion, and an ointment prepared from the leaves, are faid to produce good effects in Scrophulous caſes ; (Morley's Elay on Scrophula ;) but this wants confirma- sion from the more rational and leſs enthuſiaſtic practitioner- Mr. Miliar ſays it is never found more than a quarter of a mile from a houſe, which is the reaſon of the common Engliſh name mentioned above. -Sheep eat it. Cows, Goats and Horſes refuſe it. 234 GER 346 TWO CHIVES LONGER. manent. 234 GERMANDER. 706 Teucrium. Empal. Cup one leaf; with five ſhallow clefts ; nearly equal; hunched on one ſide the baſe : fharp ; per- Blogs. One petal : gaping ; Tube cylindrical; ſhort ; ending in a crooked mouth. Upper Lip upright; ſharp ; deeply divided ; Segments ftanding wide. Lower Lip with three clefts ; expanding. Lateral Segnients a little upright; the ſhape of the upper lip. The middle ſegment large ; circular. Chives. Threads four; awl-ſhaped ; longer than the upper lip of the bloſſom and projecting betwixt its ſegments. Tips ſmall. Point. Seedbud with four diviſions. Shaft thread ſhaped ; agreeing in ſize and ſituation with the chives. Sum- mits two ; flender. S. Viss. None. The Cup remaining unchanged con- tains the feeds within it. SEEDS. Four : roundiſh. Obs. The upper lip of the bloſſom being deeply divided, and the Segments ſtanding wide aſunder, make it appear as if the upper lip was wanting Ground GERMANDER. The Leaves with three clefts : ſtrap- Chamæpithys ſhaped ; very entire. Flowers folitary ; lateral; fitting. Stein ſpreading-Bloſoms yellow. Chamæpitys vulgaris. Park. 283. Ray's Syn. 244. Chamæpitys lutea vulgaris, feu folio trifido. Bauh. pin. 249. Chamæpitys mas. Gerard. 525. Ground Pine. Corn-fields. A. June-July. This plant hath a degree of bitterneſs and acrimony, but its real uſe is far from being accurately aſcertained. It ſtands re- commended in the Gout, Jaundice and intermitting Fevers. GERMAN- SE E D S N A K E D. 347 GERMANDER. The leaves heart-ſhaped ; ſerrated; on Sage leaf-ſtalks. Flowers in lateral bunches, all pointing one way. Scorodonia Stem upright-Bloſſoms greeniſh ſtraw-colour. Scorodonia, ſeu ſalvia agreſtis. Gerard. 626. Ray's Syn. 245. Scorodonia, feu fcordium alterum, quibuſdam, et falvia agref- tis. Park. 11. Scordiuin alterum feu falvia agreſtis. Bauh. fin. 247. • Wood Sage. Woods, heaths, ditch-banks. P. July. It poſſeſſes the bitterneſs and a good deal of the aroma of Hops, it is therefore worth while to try if it may not be uſed for the ſame purpoſe. GERMANDER. The leaves oblong; fitting; toothed and Water ſerrated. Flowers in pairs, on fruit-ſtalks at the baſe of the Scordium leaves. Stem ſpreading-Bleſſoms red. Scordium. Bauh. pin. 247. Ray's Syn. 246. Scordium majus et minus. Gerard. 661. Scordium legitimum. Park. 111. Marſhes. P. Auguft. The freſh leaves are bitter and ſomewhat pungent. Powdered they deſtroy worms. A decoction of this plant is a good fo- mentation in gangrenous caſes. If Cows eat it when compelled by hunger, their milk gets a garlic flavour. Sheep and Goats eat it; Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. GERMANDER. The leaves betwixt wedge and egg-ſhaped ; Wall jagged; fcolloped ; on leaf-ſtalks. Flowers growing by threes. Chamædrys Stems trailing; a little hairy-Bloſſoms purpliſh. Chamadryn vulgarem, ſeu ſativam. Ray's Syn. 231. Chamædrys minor repens. Bauh. pin. 248. Chamædrys major latifolia. Gerard. 616. On walls and amongſt ruins. P. May-June. The plant is bitter, with a degree of aroma, and may be uſed with advantage in weak and relaxed conftitutions. It is an in- gredient in the celebrated Gout Powders. 235 BUGLE, 348 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 235 BUGLE. 705 Ajuga. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; fhort; with five ſhallow clefts ; nearly equal; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube cylindrical; crooked. Upper Lip very ſmall; upright; cloven ; blunt. Lower Lip large ; expanding ; with three ſegments; blunt. Middle ſegment large; inverſely heart-shaped. Lateral ſegments ſmall. Chiyes. Threads four; (two ſhort and two long), awl- Shaped ; upright; taller than the upper lip. Tips double. Point. Seedbud with four diviſions. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; agreeing in ſize and ſituation with the chives. Sum- mits two ; ſlender; the lowermoſt the ſhorteſt. S. Vess. None. The Cup cloſes and retains the ſeed, SEEDS. Four; rather long. Mountain BUGLE. The flowers in a hairy four-ſided pyramid. Root- Pyramidalis leaves very large—The upper leaves are ſometimes of a violet colour. Bloſſoms bluiſh; red; or white. Bugula cærulea alpina. Park. 525. Ray's Syn. 245. Conſolida media cærulea alpina. Bauh. pin. 260. Sicklewort. Hilly countries. P. June. Sheep and Goats eat it ; Cows are not fond of it ; Horſes and Swine refuſe it. Palture Reptans BUGLE. Smooth, with creeping fuckers-Bloſſoms blue; red; or white; in long leafy ſpikes. Bugula. Gerard. 631. Ray's Syn. 245, Bugula vulgaris. Park. 525. Conſolida media pratenfis cærulea. Bauh. pin. 260. Wet paſtures. P. May. The roots are aſtringent and ſtrike a black colour with vitriol of iron. a 236 BETONY SEEDS NA K E D. 349 236 BETON Y. 718 Betonica. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular ; cylindrical ; with five teeth; with awns; permanent. Bloss. One petal, gaping. Tube cylindrical ; crooked. Upper Lip circular ; entire ; flat; upright; Lower Lip with three ſegments. The middle ſegments broader, circular, notched at the end. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort;) as long as the mouth of the bloſſom, and leaning towards the upper lip. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud with four diviſions. Shaft in ſhape, fize and ſituation reſembling the chives. Summit cloven. S. Vess. None. The Cup contains the ſeeds. SEEDS. Four; egg-ſhaped. BETONY. The flowers in an interrupted ſpike. The mid- Wood dle ſegment of the lip of the bloſſom notched --Root leaves on Officinalis leaf-ſtalks. Stem-leaves ſitting, heart-ſhaped, hairy. Bloſſoms purple. Betonica. Gerard. 714. Ray's Syn. 238. purpurea. Baul. pin. 235: Betonica vulgaris flore purpureo. Park. 614. Woods and heaths. P. July-Auguft. This plant was formerly much uſed in medicine, but it is dis- carded from the modern practice; however it is not deſtitute of virtues, for when freſh it intoxicates, and the dried leaves excite ſneezing. It is often ſmoaked as Tobacco. The roots provoke vomiting. --Sheep eat it; Goats refuſe it. 237 ARCHAN. 350 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 3 237 ARCHANGEL. 716 Lamium. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular ; wider towards the top; with five teeth, and awns ; nearly equal ; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube cylindrical, very ſhort. Border open. Mouth bladder-ſhaped ; compreſſed ; hunched; with a little tooth turned backwards on each ſide. Upper Lip vaulted ; circular; blunt; en- tire. Lower Lip ſhorter ; inverſely heart-ſhaped ; notched at the end ; reflected. Cuives. Threads four; awl-ſhaped ; (two long and two ſhort) covered by the upper lip. Tips oblong; hairy. Point. Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summit cloven ; ſharp. S. Vess. None. The Cup remaining open contains the feeds in its bottom. SEEDS. Four ; ſhort; three-cornered ; convex on one fide ; lopped at each end. ARCHANGEL. The leaves heart-ſhaped; tapering to a point ; ferrated'; on leaf-ſtalks. Flowers about twenty in a whor)-Bloſſoins white. Lamium album. Gerard. 782. Ray's Syn. 240. Lamium album non fætens, folio oblongo. Bauh. pin, 231. Lamium vulgare album, feu Archangelicum flore albo, Park. 604. White Dead Nettle. Ditch-banks. P. May-June. Goats and Sheep eat it; Cows are not fond of it; Horſes and Swine refuſe it. White Album ARCHAN SE ÉDS N A K E D. 351 ARCHANGEL. The leaves heart-ſhaped ; blunt; on leaf- Purple ſtalks-Serrated; downy ; but not rough. Several forvers in each Purpureuin chorl. Lower border of the mouth whitiſh, with purple ſtreaks ; the other parts pale red. Lamium rubrum. Gerard. 703. Ray's Syn. 240. Lamium vulgare folio ſub-rotundo, flore rubro. Park. 604. Lainiin purpureum fætidum, folio ſubrotundo, ſeu Galeopſis Dioſcoridis. Bauh. pin. 220. Lamium rubrum. Hudſon. 225. 1. The leaves are ſometimes pretty deeply divided. Ray's Syn. 240. Red Dead Nettle. Amongſt rubbiſh. A. May-June. The young leaves both of this and the preceding ſpecies may be eaten with other pot-herbs.-Goats, Sheep and Horſes eat it; Cows refuſe it. - ARCHANGEL. The floral leaves fitting; blunt; embrac- Henbit ing the ſtem --- Lower leaves on leaf-fialks. Bloſſoms purple. Amplexicaule Lamium folio caulem ambiente, majus et minus. Bauh. pin. 231 Ray's Syn. 240. Alfine hederula altera. Gerard. 616. Alfine hederulæ folio major. Park. 762. Great Henbit. Corn-fields. A. June. Sheep, Horſes and Goats eat it. 230 ALL 352 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 9 a 238 ALLHEAL. 717 Galeopſis. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular; with five teeth ; ending in ſharp awns as long as the tube ; permanent. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube fort. Border open. Mouth ſomewhat wider than the tube and as long as the cup: Above the baſe of the lower lip on each fide lies a little tapering tooth ; hollow on the under ſurface. Upper Lip circular; concave; ſerrated at . Lower Lip with three ſegments ; the late- ral ones circular;, the middle ſegment larger; fcol- loped ; notched at the end. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort) awl- ſhaped; covered by the upper lip. Tips roundiſh; cloven. Point. Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread-ſhaped; agreeing in length and fituation with the chives. Summit cloven ; ſharp. S. Vess. None. The Cup ſtiff and ſtraight contains the feeds. SEEDs. Four: three-cornered ; lopped. the top Obs. The firſt Species hath the upper lip of the blojom a little rc- ficcted, but not very evidently ſcolloped. In the yellow ALLHEAL the lower lip of the bloſſom is without teeth; and divided into three equal ſegments. The upper lip is entire and fringed with a few soft bairs, Narrowleaved ALLHEAL, with flowers in remote whorls. Stem equally Ladanuin thick betwixt the joints. Cups unarmed-Bloſſoms red; ſome times white. Sideritis arvenſis rubra. Park. 587. Ray's Syn. 242. Sideritis VII. Gerard. 6c9. Sideritis arvenſis anguſtifolia rubra. Bauh. pin. 233. Corn-fields. A. July-Auguft. Goats and Cows eat it; Sheep are not fond of it; Horſes re- fuſe it. ALLHEAL. SE E D S N A K E D. 353 ALLHEAL, with flowers in whorls; the upper whorls Nettle-hemp , almoſt contiguous. Stem thickeſt juſt beneath the joints. Cups Tetrahit ſomewhat prickly—and much ſmaller than the Bloſſoms, which are yellow, purple, or white. Lamiun Cannabino folio vulgare. Ray's Syn. 240. Cannabis fpuria. Gerard. 709. Park. 599. Urtica aculeata, foliis ſerratis. Bauh. pin. 232. 1. It varies in having white, purple or yellow flowers. Ray's Syn. 241. Hemp-leaved Dead Nettle. Ditch-banks and corn-fields. A. Auguſt. Sheep and Goats eat it; Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. ALLHEAL, with fix flowers in a whorl. Fence of four Yellow leaves-Bloſſoms yellow ; Sometimes as many as ten in a whorl. The Galeobdolon fence ſometimes conſiſts of fix leaves. There is a difficulty in al- certaining the genus of this plant, as the lip of the bloſſom is equal and without tecth. The leaves are ſometimes Spotted with white. Lamium luteum. Gerard. 671. Perk. 606. Ray's Syn. 240. Lamium folio oblongo, luteum. Bauh. pin. 231. 1. Leaves ſpotted. Yellow Nettle-hemp. Yellow Archangel. Woods and ſhady moiſt hedges. P. May. The green filken Moth, Phalana Chryſtis, and the Gooſe- berry Moth, Phalana Wauvaria, live upon the different ſpecies. Aa 239 CLOWN 354 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 239 CLOWN HEAL. 719 Stachys. Empat. Cup one leaf; tubular ; angular ; with five , fhallow clefts; taper; permanent. Teeth a wl-fhaped; taper: nearly equal. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube very ſhort. Mouth ob- long; hunched downwards towards the baſe. Up- per Lip upright; fomewhat egg-ſhaped ; vaulted ; generally notched at the end. Lower Lip large ; with three ſegments; the two outer ſegments re- flected; the middle ſegment, which is the largeſt, notched at the end, and folded back. Cuves. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort) awl. ſhaped ; bent to the ſides of the mouth. Tips fimple. Point. Sredbud with four diviſions. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Sunumit cloven ; fharp. S. Vess. None. The Cup but little changed contains the feeds. Seeds. Four; egg-ſhaped ; angular. Ors. In fame species the upper lip is caulied; in others, it ſtands upright. CLOWNHEAL. The flowers fix or eight in a whorl. Leaves hcart-ſhaped ; on leaf-ſtalks--Spikes leafy. Bloſſoms deep purple, with white spots. Galeopſis legitima Diofcoridis. Park. 908. Ray's Syn. 237. Galeopſis vera. Gerard. 700. Lamium maximum ſylvaticum fætidum. Bauh. pin. 231. 1. There is a variety that is ſmaller and the leaves angular. Hedge Nettle. Woods and hedges. A. July-Auguft. It will dye yellow. The whole plant has a fætid finell, and Toads are thought to be fond of living under its ſhade.-Sheep and Goats eat it; Horſes, Cows and Swine refuſe it. CLOWNHEAL. The flowers in ſpiked whorls ; leaves be- twixt oval and heart-Maped ; rough, Icolloped; ſtems aſcend- ing-Stift'; befit with a few hairs. Cups thorny. Flowers yellow. Stachys vulgaris hirſuta erecta. Bauh. pin. 233. Sideritis arvenſis latifolia hirſuta lutea. Ray's Syn. 242. Betonica hirta. Hudſon. 220. Yellow Betony. Corn-fields. P. Auguft. Nettle Sylvatica Betony Rccta CLOWN SEEDS NA K E D. 355 CLOWNHEAL. The flowers about fix in a whorl. Leaves Water betwixt ſtrap and ſpear-ſhaped, half embracing the item-Blog- Paluſtris Soms purple ; in a leafy Spike. Stachys paluftris fætida. Bauh. pin. 236. Sideritis anglica ſtrumoſa radice. Park. 587. Ray's Syn. 242. Panax coloni. Gerard. 1005. Clowns Allheal. Banks of rivers. P. Auguſt. The roots when dried and powdered will make bread. Swine eat them-Sheep eat it ; Cows, Horſes, Goats and Swine refuſe it. CLOWNHEAL. The flowers ſeveral in a whorl. Leaves Horehound ferrated; the teeth lapping over each other. Stem woolly, Germanica The whole plant is white. Tips yellowiſh white. Floral leaves Spear-ſhaped; reflečted. Bloffoms white ; with a purpliſh tinge within. Stachys Fuchſii. Gerard. 795. Ray's Syn. 239. Stachys major Germanica. Bauh. pin. 236. Bale Horehound. Hedges. P. July. CLOWNHEAL. With fix flowers in a whorl. Stem feeble. Gill a Leaves blunt; almoſt naked. Bloſſoms as long as the cup.- Arvenfis Stem four-cornered; blunt; branched. Leaves heart-ſhaped, bluntly Jerrated. Cup fitting ; with five ſhallow clefts, equal ; Sharp point- ed. Bloſſoms white. Middle ſegment of the lower lip with a purpliſh ſpot. Sideritis humilis, lato obtuſo folio. Gerard. 699. Ray's Syn. 242. Sideritis hederulæ folio. Park. 587. Sideritis alfines trixaginis folio. Bauh. pin. 233 Glechoma arvenſis. Hudſon. 224. . . Upright Ground Ivy. Corn-fields. A. Auguft. GO A az 840 NAP. 356 TWO CHIVES LONGER. Border open. 240 N A P. 710 Nepeta. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular ; cylindrical. Mouth with five teeth; ſharp; upright; the upper teeth the long- eft ; lower teeth moſt expanded. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube cylindrical ; crooked: ; . Mouth expanding ; heart-ſhaped ; ter- minated by two very ſhort, reflected, blunt ſeg- ments. Upper Lip upright; circular; notched at ; the end. Lower Lip circular; concave ; large and entire ; a little ſcolloped at the edge. Cuives. Threads four; (two long and two ſhort) awl- ſhaped ; approaching; covered by the upper lip. Tips fixed ſide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summit cloven; ſharp. S. Vess. None. The Cup ſtanding upright contains the feeds. SIEDS, Four; ſomewhat egg ſhaped. Oes. If you reckon the ſegments of the mouth as part of the lower lip, that lip will appear to bave three ſegments. NAP. The flowers growing in ſpikes ; forming whorls round the ſpikes and ſupported upon little fruit-ſtalks. Leaves heart- ſhaped, toothed and ſerrated ; on leaf-1talks-- Stem and leaves white with down. Bloſſoms pale purple; or blue. Nepeta inajor vulgaris. Park. 38. Ray's Syn. 237. Mentha cataria vulgaris et major. Bauh. pin. 228. Mentha felina, feu Cataria. Gerard. 682. 1. There is a variety in which all the parts of the plant are ſmaller. Nap. Catmint. Hedges. P. July An infuſion of it is deemed a ſpecific in Chlorotic caſes. Two bunces of the expreſſed juice may be given for a doſe. Cats are ſo delighted with this plant that they can hardly be kept out of the garden wherein it grows. Mr. Millar ſays that Cats will not meddle with it if it is raiſed from ſeeds, and in ſupport of this opinion quotes an old ſaying, "If you ſet it, the Cats will eat : if you fow it the Cats will not know it.” The fact ſeems to be, that they will attack a fingle plant, but not a number to- gether --Sheep eat it; Cows, Horſes, Goats and Swine refuſe it. Cats Cataria 241 HEN SE E D S N A K E D. 357 241 HENBIT. 720 Ballota. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; tubular; ſalver-ſhaped; with five edges ; oblong; with ien ſcores ; upright; perma- nent; equal. Rim ſharp : open ; plaited; with five teeth. General Fence to the whorls formed of ſtrap- ſhaped leaves. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube cylindrical; as long as the cup. Upper Lip upright; Egg-ſhaped ; entire; ſcolloped ; concave. Lower Lip with three ſeg- ments; blunt. The middle ſegment the largeſt ; notched at the end. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort) awl- Shaped ; 'leaning towards and ſhorter than the upper lip. Tips oblong; lateral. Point. Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; in Shape and ſituation ſimilar to the chives. Summit flender ; cloven. S. Vess. None. The Cup unchanged contains the feeds. SEEDS. Four; egg-ſhaped. Obs. This genus poſeſjeth the fence of the BASIL, the cup of the HOREHOUND ; the bloſſom of the CLOWNHEAL. HENBIT. The leaves heart-ſhaped ; undivided; ferrated. Black Cups with ſharp points--Bloloms purple; in whorls, Nigra Ballota. Ray's Syn. 244. Marrubium nigrum. Gerard. 701. Marrubium nigrum fætidum, Ballotte dictum. Park. 1230. Marrubium nigrum fætidum, Ballotte Diofcoridis. Bauh. pin. 230. 1. There is a variety in which the cups appear lopped, and the flowers white. Stinking Horehound. Hedge Nettle. Amongſt rubbiſh. A. July. It ſtands recommended in Hyſterical Caſes. The Swedes reckon it almoſt a univerſal remedy in the diſeaſes of their cattle, Hurſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats refuſe it. Аа 3 242 HORE. 358 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 242 HOREHOUND. 721 Marrubium. EMPAL. Cup one leaf ; funnel-ſhaped ; tubular ; with ten ſcores. Rim equal; open ; generally with ten teeth; alternately ſmaller. Bloss. One petal; gaping: Tube cylindrical. Border open ; Mouth long; tubular. Upper Lip upright ; narrow; ſharp : cloven a little way down. Lower Lip broader ; reflected ; with three ſhallow ſegments; the middle ſegment broad; notched at the end ; the lateral fegments fharp. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort) ſhorter than the bloſſom ; covered by the upper lip. Tips ſimple. Point. Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; agreeing in length and fituation with the chives. Summit cloven. S. VISS. None. The Cup cloſed at the neck, but open at the rim, contains the ſeeds. SEEDS. Four; rather oblong. HOREHOUND. The teeth of the cup like briſtles, but hooked Leaves white and woolly. Bloſſoms white. Marrubium album. Gerard. 693. Ray's Syn. 239. Marrubium album vulgare. Bauh. pin. 230. Park. 44. Road-fides and among rubbiſh. P. July. It is very bitter to the taſte and not altogether unpleaſant to the ſmell. It was a favourite medicine with the ancients in Ob- ſtructions of the Viſcera. In large doſes it looſens the belly. It is a principal ingredient in the Negro Cæſar's remedy for vege- table poiſons.--A young man who had occaſion to take Mercurial Medicines, was thrown into a ſalivation which continued for more than a year. Every method that was tried to remove it, ra- ther increaſed the complaint. At length Linnæus preſcribed an infufion of this plant, and the patient got well in a ſhort time Horſes, Cows, Sheep and Goats refuſe it. White Vulgare 243 HOOD SEEDS N A KE D. 359 734 Scutellaria. 243 HOODWORT. wo EMPAL. Cup one leaf; very ſhort; tubulat. Rim almoſt entire ; covered by a ſcale, lying over it like a lid; which is formed by an expanfion of the upper part of the сар. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube very ſhort ; bent back- wards. Mouth long; compreſſed. Upper Lip con- cave; divided into three ſegments. Middle ſegment concave ; notched at the end. Lateral ſegments flat, rather ſharp ; placed under the middle ſegment. Lower Lip broad; notched at the end, keel-ſhaped beneath. Chives. Threads four (two long and two ſhort ;) con- cealed under the upper lip. Tips ſmall. Point. Seedbrid with four diviſions. Shaft thread-ſhaped; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summit ſimple; crooked; taper. S. Vess. None. The cup three cornered; covered with a lid reſembling a Helmet; which anſwers the pur- poſe of a capſule. It opens at the lower margin, SEEDS. Four; roundiſh, HOODWORT. The leaves betwixt heart and ſpear-ſhaped; Willow ſcolloped; oppoſite. Flowers at the baſe of the leaves-On fruit- Galericulata ſtalks ; pendant. Bloſſoms blue; hairy on the outſide. Chives and pointal qubite. Tips purple. Branches numerous; oppoſite. Caſlida paluſtris vulgatior, flore cæruleo. Ray's Syn. 244. Lyſimachia cærulea galericulata, feu gratiola cærulea. Bauh. pin. 246. Lyſimachia galericulata. Gerard. 477. Lyſimachia cærulea, feu latifolia major. Park. 221. Hooded Willowherb. Banks of Rivers. P. Auguſt. When the bloſſom falls off, the cup cloſes upon the ſeeds; which when ripe, being ſtill ſmaller than the cup, could not poſſibly open its mouth or overcome its elaſtic force as the down of the feeds do in the compound flowers, and muſt conſequently remain uſeleſs without a poſſibility of eſcaping. But nature, ever full of reſources, finds a method to diſcharge them. The cup grows dry, and then divides into two diftin&t parts; ſo that the ſeeds already detached from the receptacle, fall to the ground. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it, Horſes, and Swine refuſe it. A a 4 SCULL 360 TWO CHIVES LONGER. Leffer Minor - HOODWORT. The leaves betwixt heart and egg-ſhaped; nearly entire. Flowers at the baſe of the leaves—Bloſſoms purple. Callida paluſtris minima, flore purpurafcente. Ray's Syn. 244. Gratiola latifolia. Gerard, 581. five noftras minor. Park. 221. Leffer hooded Willowherb. Marſhes. P. July-Auguſt, 3 244 THYME. 727 Thymus. Empal. Cup one leaf; tubular; cloven halfway down into two lips; permanent. The mouth cloſed by ſoft hairs. Upper lip broad; flat; upright; with three teeth. Lower lip like two briſtles, of equal length. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube as long as the cup. Mouth ſmall. Upper lip ſhort; flat; upright; notch- ed at the end ; blunt. Lower lip long; expanding ; broad; in three fegments; blunt. Midale ſegment broadeft. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort,) crooked. Tips fmall. Point. Seedbud with four diviſions. Shaft thread-ſhaped. Summit cloven; ſharp. S. Vess. None. The cup narrow at the neck incloſes the feeds. SEEDS. Four; ſmall; roundiſh. Oes. In the common Thyme the fiems are woody. In the baſil Thyme the middle ſegment of the lower lip of the bloſſom is notched. Common Τ Η Υ Μ Ε. The flowers in heads. Stems creeping Serpyllum Leaves flat; blunt; fringed at the baſe— Bloſſoms pale red, 09 white. Teeth of the cup fringed. Chives as long as the blossom ; and nearly all of the ſame length. Serpyllum vulgare. Gerard. 570. Ray's Syn. 230. Serpyllum vulgare minus. Bauh. pin. 220. Park. 8. Mother of Thyme. 1. Blofſoms white; leaves variegated. 2. Flowers large. Ray's Syn. 230. Fionry Thyme, 3. Leaves narrow and hairy. Ray's Syn. 231. Lemon Thyme, 4. Smells like citron. Gerard. 575. 5. Leaves narrow and ſmooth. Bauh. pin. 220. 6. More ſhrubby hairy Mother of Thyme, with pale red Blof- foms. On hills. 6, on Snowden in Wales. P. July-Auguft. The SE E DS N A K E DI 361 The whole plant is fragrant, and yields an eſſential oil that is very heating. An infuſion of the leaves removes the head-ach occafioned by the debauch of the preceding evening. The fourth variety is frequently uſed in fauces. A general opinion prevails that the fleſh of ſheep that feed upon aromatic plants, particularly upon Thyme, is much ſuperior in flavour to common Mutton : but the ingenious author of the account of the Sheep-walks in Spain, (Gent. Mag. 1764.) con- fiders this as a vulgar error. He ſays Sheep are not fond of aromatic plants; that they will carefully puſh aſide the thyme to get at the graſs growing beneath it; and that they never touch it unleſs when walking apace, and then they will catch at any thing—the attachment of Bees to this and other aromatic plants is well known.-In the experiments made at Upſal, Sheep and Goats were obſerved to eat it, and Swine to refuſe it. -The green broom Moth, Phalana papilionaria, lives upon it. THYME. The flowers in whoris; one upon each fruit- Bafil ſtalk. Stems upright; ſomewhat branched. Leaves ſharp, Acinos ſerrated—The middle ſegment of the lower lip of the Bloſſom notched at the end. Bloſſoms purple. Acinos multis. Ray's Syn. 238. Ocymum ſylveſtre. Gerard. 675. Clinopodium arvenſe ocymi facie. Bauh. pin. 225. Clinopodium minus feu vulgare. Park. 21. Wild Bafil. On Chalk or Gravelly Hills. A. July-Auguſt. Horſes eat it; Cows are not fond of it. Sheep and Goats refuſe it. 245 SELF- 362 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 245 SELF HE AL. 735 Prunella. : a EMPAL. Cup one leaf; with two lips; mouth ſhort; per- manent. Upper lip flat, broad, lopped; with three very ſmall teeth. Lower lip upright; narrow; ſharp with a ſhallow cleft. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube ſhort ; cylindrical. Mouth oblong. Upper lip concave ; entire ; nodding. Lower lip reflected; blunt; with three fegments. The middle ſegment broadeſt; notched at the end ; fer- rated. Chives. Threads four (two a little longer than the other two) awl-ſhaped, forked at the end. Tips fimple, fixed to the threads beneath the top, and only to one of the diviſions of the fork. Point. Seedbud with four divifions. Shaft thread-ſhaped, , leaning along with the chives towards the upper lip. Sunimit notched at the end. S. VESS None. The cup clofes and contains the feeds. SEEDS. Four, ſomewhat egg-ſhaped. Obs. The effential character of this genus conſiſts in the threads being forked. Common Vulgaris SELFHEAL. With all the leaves oblong egg-ſhaped; on leaf-ſtalks--- In open ſunny ſituations it grows trailing and not above a fingers length, but in woods it is upright and near a foot high. Flo- ral leaves heart-ſhaped. Bloſſoms blue, purpliſh, or white. Prunella. Gerard. 631. Ray's Syn. 238. vulgaris. Park. 1680. Prunella major folio non diffecto. Bauh. pin. 260. Paſtures. P. Auguft. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it; Horſes are not fond of it. 246 MAR. S E E DS 363 NA K E D. 246 MARJORAM. 726 Origanum. EMPAL. Fence ſpiked, tiled with Floral leaves, egg-ſhaped, coloured. Cup unequal, various. Bloss. One petal, gaping. Tube cylindrical, compreil- ed. Upper lp upright, flat, blunt, imperfed at the margin. Lower lip with three ſegments, nearly equal. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort ;) thread- ſhaped ; as long as the blofiom. Tips ſimple. Point Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread-ſhaped, . leaning towards the upper lip of the bloſſom. Sum- mit flightly cloven. S. Vess. None. The cup clofing a little contains the feeds. Seeds. Four ; egg ſhaped. Obs. The fence to the cups conſtitutes the eſential character of The cup in ſome ſpecies is nearly equal ; with five teeth : In others it conſiſts of two lips; the upper lip large and entire, the lower lip hardly perceptible. In others again the cup is formed of two leaves. this genus. . MARJORAM. The flowers in cloſe, roundiſh, panicled Wild ſpikes. Floral leaves egg-ſhaped ; longer than the cups - Vulgare Leaves oval; pointed; on ſhort leaf-ſtalks ; dark green, Bloſſoms purple. Origanum vulgare ſpontaneum. Ray's Syn. 236. Origanum anglicum. Gerard. 656. Origanum fylveſtre. Bauh. pin. 223. Marjorana ſylveſtris. Park. 12. Among Brambles and Hedges. P. July. The whole plant is a warm aromatic. The dried leaves uſed inſtead of tea are exceedingly grafeful-the eſſential oil of this plant is fo acrid that it may be conſidered as a cauſtic, and is much uſed with that intention by Farriers. A little cotton wool moiſtened with it, and put into the hollow of an aching tooth, frequently relieves the pain--the country people uſe the tops to dye purple.--Goats and Sheep eat it; Horſes are not fond of it; Cows refuſe it. MAR 364 TWO CHIVES LONGER. Pot Onites MARJORAM. The flowers in oblong, hairy; incorporat- ed ſpikes. Leaves heart-ſhaped ; downy-Three flowers upon each fruit-ſtalk; woolly. The one in the middle, fitting. Bloſſoms white; fometimes tinged with red. Origanum onites. Bauh. pin. 223. Ray's Syn. 236. Majorana major anglica. Gerard. 664. Majorana latifolia, ſeu major anglica. Park. 12. Dry Fields. P. Auguft. 3 247 BASIL. 725 Clinopodium. EMPAL. Fence of many briftle-ſhaped leaves, as long as the cup; placed under the whorls. Cup one leaf; cy- lindrical ; a little curved. Mouth with two lips. Upper lip broad; with three ſegments; ſharp; re- flected. Lower lip deeply divided; ſlender; bent inwards. Bioss. One petal, gaping. Tube ſhort ; gradually widening into a mouth. Upper lip upright; con- cave ; blunt ; notched. Lower lip with three ſeg- ments: blunt. Middle ſegment broad; notched. Chives. Threads four; (two long and two ſhort ;) covered by the upper lip. Tips roundiſh. Point. Seedbud with four diviſions. Shaft thread-ſhaped; agreeing in length and fituation with the chives. Summit ſimple ; fharp; compreſſed. S. VESS. None. The cub, cloſing at the neck, and ſwel- ling out in the body, contains the feeds. SEEDS. Four; egg-ſhaped. BASIL. The flowers in roundiſh hairy heads. Floral leaves like briſtles—Bloſſoms purple. Cultivation will turn them white. Clinopodium origano fimile. Bauh. pin. 224. Ray's Syn. 239. Acinos. Gerard. 675. feu clinopodium majus. Park. 22. Great wild Bafil. Hedges and dry Paſtures. P. July. Goats and Sheep eat it; Horſes refuſe it. Common Vulgare 248 BALM SEEDS NA K E D. 365 248 BALMLE AF. 731 Melittis. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; bell-ſhaped ; cylindrical ; ſtraight. Mouth with two lips. Upper lip tall; notched; ſharp. Lower lip forter; cloven ; ſharp. Segments ſtanding wide. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube much more ſlender than the cup. Mouth but little thicker than the tube. Upper lip upright; roundiſh; flat. Lower lip expanding; with three ſegments; blunt. Middle figment large, ſcolloped. CHIves. Threads four; the middle ones ſhorter than the outer ones; awl-ſhaped; ftanding under the upper lip. Tips blunt; cloven; each pair forming a croſs. l'oint. Seedbud blunt; with four clefts; covered with ſoft hairs. Shaft thread-ſhaped; agreeing in length and situation with the chives. Summit cloven ſharp. S. VESS. None. The cup unchanged contains the feeds. SEEDS. Four. Ops. The lower lip of the cup is ſometimes ſcolloped. BALMLEAF. As there is only one ſpecies known Linnæus Baſtard gives no deſcription of it --Bloſſoms on fingle fruit-ſtalks, fix in Meliſto phyl- each whorl; red, with purple Spots, or white with red ſpots. lum. Meliffa fuchſii. Gerard. 690. Ray's Syn. 242. Meliffophyllon fuchſii. Park. 41. Lamium montanum meliſſæ folio. Bauh. pin. 231. Bastard Balm. Woods and Hedges. P. June. 249 CALA 366 TWO CHIVES LONGER. inanent. 249 CALAMINT. 728 Meliſſa. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; fomewhat bell-ſhaped ; dry and ſkinny; a little expanding; angular, ſcored; per- Mouth with two lips. Upper lip with three teeth ; refle&ed; expanding ; flat. Lower lip ſhort; a little ſharp; divided. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube cylindrical. Mouth open. Upper lip ſhort; upright; vaulted ; roundiſh; notched at the end. Lower lip with three ſegments ; the middle ſegnient largeſt ; and inverſely heart-ſhaped. Chives. Threads four; awl-ſhaped ; two as long as the bloſſom; the other two but half as long. Tips ſmall; ftanding together in pairs. Point. Seedbud with four clefts. Shaft thread ſhaped ; as long as the bloſſom ; leaning along with the chives under the upper lip of the bloſſom. Summit ſlender ; cloven ; reflected. S. VESs. None. The cup unchanged, but enlarging contains the ſeeds. Seeds. Four; egg-ſhaped. CALAMINT. The fruit-ſtalks forked ; as long as the leaves ; growing at the baſe of the leaves. Bloſſoms bluiſh white. Calamintha vulgaris. Park. 36. Ray's Syn. 243. Gerard. 687. Calamintha vulgaris, vel officinarum germaniæ. Bauh. pin. 228. Roads and corn-fields. P. Auguft. Common Calamintha Field Nepeta a CALAMINT. The fruit-ſtalks forked ; longer than the leaves. Growing at the baſe of the leaves. Stem aſcending ; hairy. Stems hard. The whole plant hairy. Leaves ſomewhat heart-ſhaped ; ſmooth on the upper ſurface. Floral leaves awl-ſhaped. Bloſſoms bluiſh. Palate cubite with a blue border. Calamintha odore pulegii. Gerard. 687. Ray's Syn. 243. Calamintha pulegii odore, feu nepet!. Bauh. pin. 228. Calamintha altera odore pulegii, foliis maculofis Park. 36. 1. There is a variety with indented leaves. Road-ſides and round corn-fields. P. Auguſt. The Green Tortoiſe Beetle, Caſſida viridis, feeds upon it. Order SEEDS 367 COVERED, Order II. Seeds Covered. ; 250 BROOMRAPE. 779 Orobanche. EMPAL. Cup one leaf, with two or five clefts; upright ; coloured; permanent. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube leaning ; large; diſ- tended. Border expanding. Upper lip concave ; open; notched at the end. Lower lip reflected; with three ſegments, unequal at the edge. Segments nearly equal. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort ;) awl- ſhaped; concealed under the upper lip. Tips up- right; approaching ; fhorter than the border. Honeycup a gland at the baſe of the feedbud. Point. Seedbut oblong. Shaft fimple; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summit with a fhal- low cleft; blunt; thick; nodding. S. Vess. Capſule oblong egg-ſhaped; taper; with one cell and two valves. SEEDS. Numerous ; very ſmall. Receptacles four ; ſtrap- ſhaped ; lateral; conneded. Obs. In one ſpecies the cup hath five clefts, and each ſegment of the ſummit is notched at the end. BROOMRAPE. The ſtem undivided; downy. Chives al- Great most appearing above the bloſſom--Blosſoms in ſpikes ; purpliſh Major ſtraw coloured. Orobanche major garyophyllum olens. Bauh. fin. 87. Ray's Syn. 28. Rapum geniſtæ. Gerard. 130. Park. 229. 1. There is a variety with a ſinaller flower. Dry Paftures, amongſt Broom. 1'. May-June. BROOMRAPE. The ſtem branched. Blofioms with five Branched clefts-pale red. Orobanche ramoſa. Bauh. pin. 83. Park. 1363. Ray's Syn. 28. In corn-fields. June. Ramofa 251 TCOTH- 368 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 251 TOOTHWORT. 743 Lathræa. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; bell-ſhaped; ſtraight. Mouth with four deep clefts. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube longer than the cup. Border gaping, diſtended. Upper lip concave ; hel- met-ſhaped ; broad; with a narrow hooked top. Lower lip ſmaller; reflected ; blunt; with three ſeg- ments. Honey-cup a gland notched at the end; depreſſed on each ſide; very ſhort ; ſituated upon the receptacle of the flower at one corner of the feedbud. Chives. Threads four; awl-ſhaped ; as long as the blof- ſom ; concealed under the upper lip. Tips blunt ; depreſſed ; approaching. Point. Seedbud globular; compreſſed. Shaft thread-ſhap- ; ed; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summit lopped ; nodding. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh ; blunt; but furniſhed with a ſmall point; with one cell ; and two elaſtic valves; furrounded by the cup which is large and expand- ing SEEDS. Few ; globular. Scaled Squamaria TOOTHWORT. The ſtem undivided ; bloſſoms pendant. Lower lip with three ſegments--Root beaded. Root leaves none. Stem leaves membranaceous, coloured. Branches none. Lower lip of the bloſſom white, the otber parts purple. Anblatum cordi, feu aphyllon. Ray's Syn. 288. Orobanche radice dentata major. Bauh. pin. 38. Orobanche radice dentata, feu dentaria major matthiolo. Gerard. 1322. Shady places and valleys. P. April-May. Goats, Sheep and Swine eat it ; Cows and Horſes refuſe it. 252 PAINT T SEEDS COVERED 369 3 252 PAINTED CUP. 739 Bartha. Empal. Cup one leaf ; tubular ; permanent. Mouth blunt, cloven. Segments notched at the end; points coloured. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Upper lip upright; ſlender; entire ; long. Lower lip reflected; with three ſeg- ments ; blunt ; very ſmall. Chives. Threads four, (two a little ſhorter than the other two ;) briſtle ſhaped ; as long as the upper lip. Tips oblong ; approaching; ftanding under the top of the upper lip. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit blunt; nodding. S. VESS. Capſule egg-ſhaped ; compreſſed ; taper ; with two cells and two valves ; partition oppoſite to the valves. SEEDs. Numerous; angular; ſmall. Obs. This genus is a ſort of connecting link betwixt the RATTLE the EYEBRIGHT and the LOUSEWORT, but it is diſtinguiſhed by the coloured cup. PAINTEDCUP. The upper leaves alternate ; ſerrated. Marſhy Flowers diſtant; lateral-Bloſſoms ſolitary, yellow. Viſcofa Euphrafia major lutea latifolio paluſtris. Ray's Syn. 285. Marſh Eyebright Cow-wheat. Boggy wet places in Cornwall. A. Auguft. PAINTEDCUP. The leaves oppoſite ; heart-ſhaped ; Mountain bluntly ferrated-Bloſſoms in leafy Spires ; purple. Alpina Clinopodium alpinum hirſutum. Bauh. pin. 225. Euphraſia rubra Weſtmorlandica, foliis brevibus obtufis. Ray's Syn. 285. Mountain Eyebright Cow-wheat. Near rivulets in hilly countries. P. Auguſt. Sheep and Goats eat it. ; Bb 253 EYE- 370 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 253 EYEBRIGHT. 741 Euphraſia. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; cylindrical ; with four clefts ; un- equal; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube as long as the cup. Upper Lip concave; notched at the end. Lower Lipex- panding ; divided into three ſegments which are equal, blunt. CHIVES. Threads four ; thread-ſhaped ; leaning under the upper lip. Tips two lobed. Tips two lobed. The lower lobe of to the lower tips pointed with a thorn. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft threadſhaped ; agree- ing in ihape and ſituation with the chives. Summit blunt; entire. S. Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped, but oblong; compreſſed.. SEEDS. Numerous ; very ſmall; roundiſh. Cells two. Common EYEBRIGHT. The leaves egg-ſhaped; ſtreaked; ſharply Officinalis and elegantly toothed - Bloſſoms bluiſh white, with purple ftreaks. 663 Euphraſia. Gerard. mag. Ray's Syn. 284. Euphraſia vulgaris. Park. 1329. Euphraſia officinarum. Bauh. pin. 233. Meadows and paſtures. A. Auguſt-September. It is a weak aſtringent, and was formerly in repute as a reme- dy for impaired viſion. It will not grow but when ſurrounded by plants taller than itſelf. — Cows, Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it; Swine refuſe it. Red Odontites EYEBRIGHT. The leaves ſpear ſhaped; all ferrated- Sometimes reddiſh; bloſſoms duſky red; or purple. Euphrafia pratenſis rubra: Bauh. fin. 234. Ray's Syn. 284. Euphrafia pratenfis rubra major. Park. 1329. Cratæogonon Euphrofyne. Gerard. 91. Corn-fields and pattures. A. Auguſt-September. Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Goats eat it. 254 RATTLE. SEEDS CO V E R E D. 371 a 254 RATTLE. 740 Rhinanthus. Empal. Cup one leaf; roundiſh; bladder-ſhaped ; com- preſled; with four teeth ; permanent. Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube fomewhat cylindrical, as long as the cup. Border open; compreſſed at the baſe. Upper Lip ſhaped like a helmet; compreſſ- ed; notched; narrow. Lower Lip open; flat; with three flight ſegments; blunt; the middle ſegment the broadeft. Chives, Threads four; (two long and two ſhort;) nearly as long as the upper lip which conceals them. Tips fixed fideways to the threads; cloven at one end ; hairy Point. Seedbud egg.ſhaped; compreſſed. Shaft thread ſhaped; agreeing in ſituation with the chives, but longer. Summit blunt; bent inwards. S. VESS. Capſule blunt; upright; compreſſed ; cells two: Valves two : Partition oppoſite to the valves: open- ing at the edges. SEEDs. Many ; compreſſed. Oes. In the firſt ſpecies the edges of the capſule are bordered with a membranaceous margin: the feeds are encompaſed by a looſe membrane ; the cup is equal ; with four clefts. RATTLE. The upper lip of the bloſſom compreſſed and Yellow ſhort-When the ſeeds are ripe they rattle in the capſule. Bloſſoms Criſta galli yellow. Pedicularis, ſeu criſta galli lutea. Bauh. pin. 163. Criſta galli. Gerard. 1071, 1. There is a variety which is much branched, with very nar- row leaves, yellow bloſſoms and purple lips. Ray's Syn: 284. Cockſcomb. Meadows and paſtures. A. June.---July. Horſes, Goats and Sheep eat it; Cows refuſe it. B b 2 255 COIY- 372 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 3 255 COW-WHEAT. 742 Melampyrum. EMPAL. Cup one leaf, tubular ; with four ſhallow clefts. Segments ſlender; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube oblong, bent back, Border compreſſed. Upper Lip helmet-lhaped; com preſſed ; notched at the end ; lateral margins bent back. Lower Lip flat; upright; as long as the up- per lip; with three ſhallow fegments; blunt; mark- ed with two projections in the middle. Chives. Threads four, (two long and two ſhort ;) awl- ſhaped; crooked ; concealed under the upper lip. Tips oblong. Point. Seedbud tapering. Shaft ſimple; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Capſule oblong; oblique; taper; compreſſed; the upper edge convex, the lower edge ſtraight. Cells two. Valves two. Partition placed in a contrary di- rection to the valves. Opening at the SEEDS. Two; egg-ſhaped; hunched; enlarged at the baſe. upper ſeam. Creſted Criſtatum - Purple Arvenfe COW-WHEAT. The flowers in quadrangular ſpikes. Flo- ral leaves heart-ſhaped ; firm; tiled; with little teeth-Bloljoms generally yellow but ſometimes white or purpliſh. Melampyrum criſtatum flore albo et purpureo, Ray's Syn. 286. Melampyruin luteum anguſtifolium. Bauh. Jin, 234. In woods. A. July. Cows, Goats and Sheep eat it. COW-WHEAT. The flowers in flexible conical ſpikes. Flo- ral leaves with briſtle-ſhaped teeth; coloured-Bloſſoms yellow and duſky purple. Melampyrum purpurafcente coma. Bauh. pin. 234. Ray's Corn-fields. A. July, The ſeeds when ground with corn, give a bitterneſs and greyiſh caſt to the bread, but do not make it unwholeſome. Cows and Goats eat it; Sheep refule it. Gor. 90.2 Syn, 286. COW. SEEDS COVERE D. 373 COW-WHEAT. The flowers in ſpikes pointing all one way. Meadow . Leaves in diſtant pairs. Bloſſoms cloſed-White; with yellow Pratenſe ſpots on the lower lip. Melampyrum latifolium flore albo; labio inferiore duabus ma- culis luteis diſtincto. Ray's Syn. 236. Meadows and woods. A July--Auguſt . Where this plant abounds, the butter is yellow, and uncom- monly good --Swine are very fond of the ſeeds. Sheep and Goats eat it ; Cows are very fond of it; Horſes and and Swine refuſe it. are COW-WHEAT. The flowers in ſpikes pointing all one way. Yellow Leaves in diftant pairs. Blofſoms gaping--The blojoms in this Sylvaticum only half as long as thoſe in the preceding Species and are entirely yel- low, tube and all. Melampyrum ſylvaticum flore luteo, five fatureja lutea fylvef- tris. Ray's Syn. 286. Melampyrum luteum latifolium. Bauh. pin. 231. Cratæogonon album. Gerard. 91. Cratæogonon vulgare. Park. 1326. In.woods A. June – Auguſt, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it, and with a plentiful allow- ance of it foon grow fat. 256 MUDWEE D. 776 Limoſella. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; with five ſhallow clefts ; ſharp ; upright; permanent. Bloss. One petal: bell-ſhaped; upright; equal; with five ſhallow clefts ; ſharp; ſmall. Segments expanding. ; Chives, Threads four; upright; two leaning to the ſame fide. ſhorter than the bloffom. Tips fimple. Point. Seedbud oblong; blunt. Shaft fimple; as long as the chives ; declining. Summil globular. ; S.Vess. Capſule egg-ſhaped; half incloſed in the cup; with one cell and two valves. Seeds. Many; oval. Receptacle egg-ſhaped ; very large. MUDWEED. As there is only one ſpecies known, Linnæus Plantain gives no deſcription of it-Stems trailing. Leaves Spear-ſhaped ; on Aquatica very loug leaf-ſtalks. Bloſſoms ſolitary; white on the outſide"; red- diſh within. Plantaginella paluſtris. Bauh. pin. 199. Ray's Syn. 278. Baſtard Plantain. In places that are liable to be flooded. P. Auguft-September. 3 150 B b 3 257 FIGWORT, 374 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 257 FIG WORT. 756 Scrophularia. Empal. Cup one leaf; with five clefts; permanent. Sega ments rounded, ſhorter than the bloſſom. Bloss. One petal; unequal. Tube globular; large; bladder-ſhaped. Border very ſmall; with five divi- fions. The two Upper Segments larger than the others; upright: two Lateral Segments open, Lower Segment reflected. Chives. Threads four; ſtrap-ſhaped; declining; as long as the bloſſoms; two of them ripening later than the other two. Tips double. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped. Shaft fimple; agreeing in length and ftuation with the chives. Summit ſimple. S.VESS. Capſule roundiſh; tapering; cells two; valves two; partition formed by the edges of the valves turning in: opening at the top. Seeds. Many; ſmall . Receptacle lingle; roundiſh; ex- tending itſelf into each cell. Obs. In the mouth of the bloſſom, beneath tbe upper ſegment; lies another little ſegment reſembling a lip; but this is not common to every Species. Knobby-root- FIGWORT. The leaves three fibred; heart-ſhaped. Corners ed of the ſtem not membranaceous-- Root knotty. Bloſſoms green- . Nodoſa ish purple ; terminating, Scrophularia major, Gerard. 715. Ray's Syn. 283. Scrophularia vulgaris. Park. 610, Scrophularia nodoſa fætida. Bauh. pin. 235. Kernelwort. Woods and moiſt hedges. P. July. This plant is hardly known in modern practice; but the rank ſmell, and bitter taſte of the leaves, ſeem to indicate ſome active properties.-Swine that have the feab are cured by waſhing them with a decoction of the leaves.-Waſps reſort greatly to the flowers. Goats eat it; Cows, Horſes, Sheep and Swine refuſe it. FIGWORT. The leaves heart-ſhaped ; blunt; on leaf-ſtalks, Aquatica which run along the ſtem. Flowers in bunches; terminal. Stem angular, membranaceous at the corners--Bleſoms purple. Scrophularia aquatica major. Bauh. pin, 235. Ray's Syn. 283: Betonica aquatica. Gerard. 715. major. Park. 613. Water-betony. In watery places. P. July, water FIG WORT SEEDS COVERED. 375 FIGWORT. The leaves heart-shaped; doubly ferrated. Balm-leaved Flowers in compound bunches, with leaves interſperſed.-- Stem Scorodonia very hairy. Bloſſoms duſky purple. Scrophularia Scorodoniæ folio. Ray's Syn. 283. Hedges and rivulets. P. Auguſt, FIGWORT. The leaves heart-ſhaped. Fruit-ſtalks folitary ; Yellow forked's growing within the baſe of the leaves-Bloſoms yellow. Vernalis Scrophularia Hore luteo. Gerard. 7.17. Bauh. pin. 236. Park. 610. Hedges. B. April-May. The different fpecies of Figwort, afford nouriſhment to the Water Betony Moth, Phalana Verbaſci, the Figwort Weevil, Curculio Scrophularia, and the Tenthredo Scrophularia. 258 COUNTERWORT. 775 Sibthorpia. EMPAL. Cup one leaf; turban-ſhaped; with five diviſions, expanding. Little leaves egg-ſhaped ; permanent. Bloss. One petal; with five diviſions; expanding; equal; as long as the cup. Segments rounded. CHIvesd Threads four; hair-like; two of them approach- ing. Tips heart-ſhaped, but oblong. TOPIA Point. Seedbud roundilb; compreſſed. Shaft cylindrical; thicker than the threads; as long as the blofiom. Summit a ſimple knob, depreſſed. S. VESs. Capſule compreſſed; round and flat ; ſwelling out in two places; edges Aarp; valves two; cells two ; partition tranſverſe. EO SEEDS. Several; oblong: fomewhat roundih; convex on one fide; flat on the other. COUNTERWORT. The leaves ſomewhat kidney-ſhaped ; Baſtard ſcolloped ; with leaf-ſtalks nearly central -Stem thread-ſhaped ; Europaa creeping; but dittle branched. Leaves alternate ; very remote; Guitby a few bairs at the edges. Flowers on fruit-fialks ; Jolitary; arifing from the baſe of the leaves. Fruit-italk generall: Thorter than the leaf-ſtalks, with a fomewhat egg-Shaped forçl leaf near the end. Blutloms pale rede Did not this plant originate from the feedbud of the alternate leaved Saxifrage fertilized by the duſt of the Marsh Penny-wort? Alfine fpuria pufilla repens foliis ſaxifragæ aurez Ray's Syn. 352. Baſtard Money-wort. Rivulets and ſprings. P. Auguſt, Bb 4 259 FOX 376 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 9 259 FOXGLOVE. 758 Digitalis. Empal. Cup with five diviſions. Segments roundiſh; ſharp ; permanent. The upper fegment narrower than the reſt. wol BLOSS. One petal: bell-ſhaped. Tube large; expanding; diftended on the underſide ; cylindrical and ſender at the baſe. Border ſmall; with four clefts. Upper Segment the moſt expanded; notched at the end. Lower Segnient largeſt. Cuives. Ihreads four, (two long and two fort;) awl- Phaped ; fixed to the baſe of the bloſſom; declining. Tips cloven ; tapering to a point at one end. Point. Seedhud taper. Shaft fimple ; ſtanding along with the chives. Summit ſharp. S. Vess. Capfile egg-ſhaped; as long as the cup; taper; cells two; valves two; opening in two directions. ma SEEDS. Many; ſmall. Obs, In the only Britiſh Species the bleſom is ratber tubular than bell-Shaped, and the upper /igment is notched at the end. Common FOXGLOVE. Tne leaves of the cup egg-ſhaped; ſharp. Purpurea Bloiloins blunt; upper lip entire-Flowers in long terminating Spikes, all pointing one way. Bloſſom purple; elegantly mottled on ibe indo on la Digitalis purpurea. Gerard. 790. Rays Syn. 283. 10 Digitalis purpurea, folio aſpero. Bauh. pin. 243. Digitalis purpurea vulgaris. Park. 1653. 1. There is a variety with a white bloſſom. Bauh. pin. 243, Purple Fox-glove. Gravelly foil. B. July. TYD A drani of it taken inwardly excites violent vomiting. It is certainly a very active medicine, and merits more attention than modern practice beſtows upon it. a SYON 260 TOAD- SEEDS COVERE D. 377 91 52 OT 260 TOAD FLAX. 750 Antirrhinum. Empal. Cup with five diviſions; permanent. Segments oblong ; permanent. Two lower Segments more ex- panding Bloss. One petal; gaping. Tube oblong; hunched. Border with two lips. Upper Lip cloven ; reflected ſide-ways, Lower Lip with three fegments, blunt. Palate convex ; mouth cloſed by a projeciion of the lower lip, which is channelled on the under ſide, Honey-cup extending backwards from the baſe of the bloſſom. 2 57.00 Chives. Threads four ; (two ſhort and two long :) nearly as long as the bloſſom and incloſed by the upper lip. Tips approaching, Stutt 60 L Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft fimple ; agreeing in length and ſituation with the chives. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh; blunt; cells two. Figure and manner of opening different in different fpecies. SEEDS. Many ; Receptacles kidney-ſhaped ; ſolitary ; fixed to the partition, Oes. The Honey-cup and the Seed-veſſel differ greatly in the different Species. In ſome the former is long and awl-shaped, and the latter opens equally. In others the boney-cup is blunt, ſearcely protuberating; the capſule is unequal at the baſe; opening at the top obliquely; and in others again fill different. US 3 * Leaves angular. TOADFLAX. The leaves alternate; heart-ſhaped; with Ivy-leaved five lobes. Stems trailing. - Is not this plant produced by the duſt of Cymbalaria the Ivy-leaved Bell-flower fertilizing the feedbud of the Fluellin Toad-flax ? Spur of the honey-cup ſlender; crooked; purple. Blof- foms purple and yellow. Linaria hederaceo folio glabro, ſeu Cymbalaria. Ray's Syn. 282. Cymbalaria. Bauh. pin. 306. 1. There is a variety with woolly leaves. On old walls. P. June-October. TOAD- 378 TWO CHIVES LONGER. Fluellin Elatine TOADFLAX. The leaves halberd-ſhaped; alternate. Stems trailing-Bloſoms yellow and purple; or blue. Linaria Elatine dicta, folio acuminato. Ray's Syn. 282. Elatine folio acuminato, in bafi auriculato, flore luteo. Bauh. pin. 253. Sta Elatine folio acuminato. Park. 553. Elatine altera. Gerard. 623. botage sono Sharp-pointed Fluellin. Corn-fields. A. Auguft-O&ober. This is conſiderably more bitter than the other ſpecies, and is ſaid to have been uſed ſucceſsfully in cafes of foul Ulcers and in cutaneous eruptions. 276 Round-leaved TOADFLAX. The leaves egg-ſhaped ; alternate. Stems Spurium trailing- It is highly probable that this plant originated from the duſt of the Fiuellin Toad-flax fertilizing the ſecdoud of the Ivy. leaved Toad-flax, Bloſsoms yellow and purple. Linaria Elatine dicta folio ſubrotundo. Ray's Syn2 282. 10" Elatine folio fubrotundo. Bauh. pin, 252, Park: 553: Veronica fæmina Fuchſii, ſeu Elatine. Gerard. 625. Round-leaved Fluellin. WC un bac Corn-fields, A. Auguft. CC 1.200 ** Leaves oppoſite. льда от 03 Creeping TOADFLAX. The leaves ftrap-ſhaped.; crowded together. Repens Lower leaves growing by fours. Cups as long as the Capſules -- Not odoriferous Bloſſoms purple and yellow. Spur of the honey-cup, long and painted. In hedges in Cornwall. P. Auguſt Sweet ſmelling TOADFLAX. The leaves ſtrap-ſhaped; crowded together. Monſpellula- Stem and fruit ſtalks ſhining. Flowers in ſpiked panicles - The Spur of the bloſſom Straight and very short: odoriferous, Bloſſoms blue. Linaria odorata monſpeffulana. Ray's Syn. 282. Linaria capillaceo folio odora. Bauh. pir. 213. Corn-fields. P. July-Auguſt. num TOAD- SE E D S C O V E R E D. 379 TOADFLAX. The leaves nearly ſtrap-ſhaped : lower leaves Corn growing by fours, Cups hairy and clammy. Flowers in ſpikes. Arvenſe Stem upright-Blosſoms blue. The varieties are : 1. Dwarf fleſhy-leaved yellow. 2. Violet. 3. Four-leaved yellow. Linaria arvenſis cærulea. Bauh. pin. 213. Linaria cærulea foliis brevioribus et anguſtioribus. Ray's Syna 282. Corn blue Toad-flax. Dry Corn-fields. A. July-Auguſt. * * * Leaves alternate. Gerard. 549. TOADFLAX. The leaves for the moſt part alternate; ſpear- Lealt ſhaped ; blunt. Stem much branched ; ſpreading-Bloſſoms pur- Minus ple and yellowiſh white; with a very short ſpur. Antirrhinum arvenſe minus. Bauh. fin. 212. Antirrhinum minimum repens. Antirrhinum fylveſtre minimum. Park. 1334. Linaria Antirrhinum dicta. Ray's Syn. 283. Gravelly corn-fields. A. June-O&ober. Cows and Sheep eat it; Swine are not fond of it; Horſes and Goats refuſe it. TOADFLAX. The leaves betwist ſpear and ſtrap-ſhaped; Common crowded together. Stem upright. Flowers tiled, in fitting ter- Linaria minating ipikes-Spur long and crooked. Bloſſom yellow and orange ; ſometimes whitiſh. Linaria lutea vulgaris. Gerard, 550. Ray's Syn. 281. Linaria vulgaris noftras. Park. 458. Linaria vulgaris lutea, flore majore. Bauh. pin. 212. Common yellow Toad-flax. In barren ground and road-lides. P. July. Cows, Horſes and Swine refuſe it; Sheep and goats are not fond it. 1. PELORIA. This extraordinary variety ſeems to have origi- nated from an impregnation of the feed-bud of the Common TOADFLAX, by the duſt from the tips of ſome other plant : perhaps from one of the GENTIANS. If it had produced feeds capable of vegetation, it would have conſtituted a new genus, as is evident from the following deſcription. PELORIA. 380 TWO CHIVES LONGER. manent. PE P: ELOR I A. Cup one leaf; with five diviſions; equal; very ſhort ; per- Blol. one petal; funnel-ſhaped: with five honey-cups at the baſe. Tube long; ſtraight ; cylindrical, but diftended from the middle downwards. Border with five diviſions ; blunt; equal; expand- ing Honey-cups five, awl-Maped ; flat; reſembling a horn ; growing in a circle round the baſe of the tube. Chives. Threads five ; hair-like; equal ; half as long as the tube and fixed to the receptacle. Tips roundiſh; fixed fide-ways to the threads. Point. Seedbud egg-ſhaped ; Shaft thread-ſhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit thick and blunt. S. Veff. Capſule egg-ſhaped with two cells and two valves, Receptacles convex ; growing to the partition. Seeds. Several; angular, Oes. Stem fimple; upright; cylindrical: ſometimes, though rarely, furniſhed with one or two branches. Leaves numerons; ſoattered; Strap-ſhaped ; ſmooth ; upright but expanding. Flowers in a ſpike, terminating ; nine, twelve or eighter together. Bloſſoms yellow; paler towards the baſe ; the inner fide filled with tawney hairs. In fandy fields near Clapham in the county of Surry. P. July. It hath the ſame taſte and ſmell that the Common TOADFLAX poffefſes, among which it is found to grow. The ſeeds are bar- may be propagated by roots. Amanitates Academice vol. 1. p. 282. tab. 3. An infuſion of the leaves of the Common Toad-flax is diuretic and purgative. An ointment prepared from them gives relief in the Piles. The expreſſed juice mixed with milk is a poiſon to Flies, as is likewiſe the fieil of the flowers, ren, but it AIS **** Blosom SEEDS COVERED. 381 **** Bloſſoms gaping; or without a Spur. TOADFLAX. The blofſoms without a fpur, forming ſpikes. Snap-dragon Cups roundiſh.-Leaves on leaf-ſtalks. Bloſſoms purple. Majus Cultivation or accident hath produced the following varieties. 1. Long-leaved purple and white. 2. Reddiſh and white. 3. Red and white. 4. Yellow and white. 5. Yellow Antirrhinum majus alterum, folio longiore. Bauh. fin. 211. . Antirrhinum purpureum. Gerard. 549. Greater Snap-dragon. On old walls and chalky cliffs. P. June. TOADFLAX. The bloſſoms without fpurs, forming a fort Snout of ſpike. Cups longer than the bloſſoms-- The capſule when Orontium open reſembles the ſkull of a monkey. Bloſſom purple ; with a little yellow. Antirrhinum anguſtifolium ſylveſtre. Ray's Syn. 283. Antirrhinum arvenſe majus. Bauh. pin. 212. Antirrhinum fylveſtre medium. Park. 1334. Antirrhinuin minus. Gerard. 549. Laſt Snap-dragon. Calfs-ſnout. Corn-fields. A. July-Auguſt. This plant is poiſonous, 261 LOUSE 382 TWO CHIVES LONGER. 9 261 LOUSE WORT. 746 Pedicularis Empal. Cup one leaf; roundiſh; diftended. Mouth with five clefts ; equal ; permanent. Bloss. One petal ; gaping. Tube oblong; hunched, Upper Lip helmet-ſhaped ; upright; compreſſed; nar- row; notched. Lower Lip expanding; flat; with three ſhallow ſegments; blunt. Middle Segnient the narroweit. Cuives. Threads four; (two long and two ſhort ;) near- ly as long as the upper lip under which they lie con- cealed. lips fixed fide-ways to the threads : round- iſh ; compreſſed. Point. Seedbud roundiſh. Shaft thread-ſhaped ; agree- ing in fituation with the chives, but longer. Sum- mit blunt; bent in wards. S. Vess. Capſule roundiſh; tapering; oblique. Cells Partition oppoſite to the valves ; opening at two. the top: Marih Paluftris SEEDs. Many; roundilh ; compreſſed ; covered with a coat. Receptacles oblong, ſupported by foot-ſtalks. Obs. The Capſule is for the moſt part oblique. In ſome fpecies the Cup is cloven at the rim into two parts. LOUSEWORT. The ſtem branched ; cups beſet with callous points. Lips of the bloſſom oblique-Bloſſoms purple. Pedicularis paluſtris rubra elatior. Ray's Syn. 284. Wet meadows. A. June. This is an unwelcome gueſt in meadows, being very diſagree- able to cattle. Goats eat it; Horſes, Sheep and Cows refuſe it ; Swine are not fond of it. LOUSE- SEEDS COVERE D. 383 LOUSEWORT. The ſtem branched ; cups oblong; angular ; Common ſmooth. Lip of the bloſſom heart-Maped-Bloſſoms purple. Sylvatica Pedicularis. Gerard. 1071. pratentis purpurea. Bauh. pin. 163. Pedicularis pratenfis rubra vulgaris. Park. 713. Ray's Syn: 284. Wer heaths and paſtures. P. May-June. The expreſſed juice, or a decoction of this plant hath been uſed with advantage as an injection for finuous Ulcers-If the healthieſt flock of ſheep are fed with it, they become ſcabby and ſcurſy in a ſhort time; the wool gets looſe, and they will be over-run with vermin. Cows and Swine refuſe it. - The End of the Firſt Volume. ΣΕ Ο ΟΛΥ 30 . . . . ότι ο εθ. οι LAST δειλά