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EXLIBRIS
MRS. ANNIE M. L. CLARK
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THE CAMBRIDGE PRESS
This book is limited to an edition of seven
hundred and fifty copies, of which
fifty copies are printed on
Imperial Japan paper.
یرا بدن
OF

7
The "Daye Press," believed to be the first printing press
used in English America; now in the possession of the
Vermont Historical Society, Montpelier, Vt.
FAMOUS PRESSES
THE CAMBRIDGE PRESS
1638-1692
A HISTORY OF THE FIRST PRINTING PRESS ESTABLISHED
IN ENGLISH AMERICA, TOGETHER WITH A
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST OF THE
ISSUES OF THE PRESS
BY
ROBERT F. RODEN
UM
NEW YORK
DODD, MEAD, AND COMPANY
M CM V
MU
Copyright, 1903
by
Lewis Buddy, III
The University Press, Cambridge, U.S. A.
DEDICATED TO
WILBERFORCE EAMES
BIBLIOGRAPHER AND LIBRARIAN
IN
GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF NUMEROUS
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL COURTESIES
AND KINDNESSES
FOREWORD
I HAVE endeavored in this work to deal his-
torically and bibliographically with the
history of the first printing press established
in English North America.
To the several important monographs of
Dr. Samuel A. Green (who has written
authoritatively about Cambridge imprints),
I wish to acknowledge, most gratefully, my
indebtedness. I also desire to thank Mr. Wil-
berforce Eames, of the Lenox Collection
of the New York Public Library, for his ex-
treme kindness and invaluable aid.
R. F. R.
New York City, August 28, 1905
NOTE
THE present volume represents the
second in the Series on "Famous
Presses," inaugurated by the Kir-
gate Press, the title of the first vol-
ume being: "Horace Walpole and the
Strawberry Hill Press (1757-1789)."
CONTENTS
Page
I-The Beginnings of the Press, 1638-1639
9
II-"The Bay Psalm Book," 1640
18
III-From "The Bay Psalm Book" to the First New England
Catechism, 1641-1648.
33
IV-The Third Cambridge Printer, 1649-1650 .
49
V-From the Revised "Bay Psalm Book" to the Law Book
of 1660, 1651-1660 .
59
VI-The Indian Books, 1654–1691 .
77
VII-The Next Four Years of the Press, 1661-1664
92
VIII-The Fourth Cambridge Printer, 1665–1674
105
IX-The Third Cambridge Printer (1665-1674) and the Last
Years of the Press, 1675-1692
130
•
A Bibliographical List of the Issues of the Cambridge Press
145
Index
187
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
The "Daye Press.”
Frontispiece
Believed to be the first printing press used in English
America; now in the possession of the Vermont Historical
Society, Montpelier, Vt.
The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully Trans-
lated into English Metre. 1640.
First Edition of the famous "Bay Psalm Book," the
earliest extant production of the Cambridge Press. Printed
by Stephen Daye, the first printer in English America.
Reproduced from the copy in the New York Public Li-
brary (Lenox collection), one of four perfect copies. Exact
size of original.
A Declaration of Former Passages and Proceed-
ings Betwixt the English and the Narrow-
gansets. 1645.
The second extant production of the Cambridge Press.
Printed by Stephen Daye.
Reproduced from the copy in the New York Public Li-
brary (Lenox collection), and one of four known copies.
Exact size of original.
A Platform of Church Discipline. 1649.
The First Edition of the "Cambridge Platform," and the
earliest work bearing the imprint of Samuel Green, the third
Cambridge printer.
Reproduced (for the first time in any book) from a copy
in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection). Exact
size of original.
The Psalmes Hymnes and Spiritual Songs of the
Old and New Testament, etc. 1651.
The First Edition of the revised version of the "Bay
Psalm Book." Printed by Samuel Green.
Reproduced (for the first time in any book) from the
unique copy in the New York Public Library (Lenox col-
lection). Exact size of original.
20
38
52
62
7
Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes in either Eng-
land. 1656.
First edition of the most famous of New England cate-
chisms. Printed by Samuel Green.
Reproduced (for the first time in any book) from the
unique original in the New York Public Library (Lenox
collection). Exact size of original.
The Holy Bible, etc. 1663.
•
First Edition of the complete Indian Bible, translated by
John Eliot. Printed by Samuel Green and Marmaduke
Johnson.
Reproduced from a copy in the New York Public Library
(Lenox collection). Exact size of original.
68
86
The Order of the General Court, June, 1663,
repealing the act of October, 1662, when the
liberty of the press was restricted in Cam-
bridge, and two licensers were appointed. . 110
An exact facsimile from the original document, in the
possession of The University Press, Cambridge, Mass., by
whose courtesy it is here reproduced.
Communion of Churches. By John Eliot. 1665. 116
The first privately printed book issued in English Amer-
ica. Printed by Marmaduke Johnson.
Reproduced (for the first time in any book) from the rare
copy in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection).
Exact size of original.
Ornaments for the Daughters of Zion. By Cotton
Mather. 1692.
The last book printed at the Cambridge Press. Printed
by Samuel Green and his son, Bartholomew.
Reproduced (for the first time in any book) from a copy
in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection). Exact
size of original.
144
8
THE CAMBRIDGE PRESS
I
THE BEGINNINGS OF THE PRESS
1638-1639
In the summer of 1638 "The John of London," bearing
a printing press, a printer, and three pressmen, ap-
proached the shores of New England, and ended one
of the most memorable of voyages. The printer was
Stephen Daye, of London, known to-day as the pro-
totypographer of British North America. Time has
written his name in golden letters in bibliographical
history, while it has obscured that of the owner of the
press, Joseph Glover, of Sutton, in Surrey, England,
the dissenting minister, whose generosity and loving
labors are responsible for the foundation of American
typography. During the voyage he "fell sick of a
feaver and dyed," but his wife carried out his under-
taking, settling at Cambridge, Mass., where, in the
latter months of 1638 (in March, 1639, according to
Winthrop), "a printing house was begun," the first
issue of the press being "the freeman's oath," the next
being "an almanack made for New England by Mr.
Peirce, Mariner," while the third was "the psalmes
newly turned into metre."
9
It was in this manner that Cambridge became the first
home of printing in the English colonies of America,
and it is a not uninteresting fact that religious en-
thusiasm was the principal factor in the foundation of
the press, as it was in the establishment of the earliest
press of North America, in the City of Mexico, where
exactly one hundred years earlier Juan Pablos printed
with the Spanish types of Jacobo Cromberger the
"Breve y mas compendioso Doctrina Christiana en
lengua Mexicana y Castellana." During the winter of
1533-4 Don Antonio de Mendoza and Fray Juan de
Zumarraga, the Viceroy-elect and the Bishop-elect of
New Spain, frequently conferred together in Spain,
and decided upon the establishment of a printing press
in Mexico. Accordingly, toward the beginning of
1536, Cromberger, a prominent printer of Seville,
selected type and a press, and sent them to Vera Cruz
in the Spring, Juan Pablos (or Paoli), of Brescia, in
Lombardy, accompanying the outfit as his representa-
tive. A century later Joseph Glover, Rector of Sutton,
in Surrey, England, left the flock to whom he had
preached for eight years, tendering his resignation with
the design of emigrating to New England and founding
there a printing press. At his own expense he provided
a font of type and procured funds from friends in Eng-
land and Holland for a complete printing establishment,
"£49 and something more" being donated by seven
men whose names were collected by Leonard Hoar in
1674: Major Thomas Clarke, Captain James Oliver,
Captain Allen, Captain Lake, Mr. Stoddard, Mr.
Freake, and Mr. Hues. Little is known of the members
10
of this generous group, but their names are worthy
of remembrance.
Glover's next task was to find a printer, and in
London, June 7, 1638, he made an agreement with
Stephen Daye to take charge of the press, although its
supervision was to remain in his own hands. A little
later he set sail for New England, with his wife and
family, together with Daye, Daye's family, and three
assistants to work at the printing. According to Sibley,
the ship's company also included Ezekiel Rogers, of
Rowley, in Yorkshire, and a large number of his towns-
people, who in 1639 commenced a new settlement in
New England named Rowley. Glover's death on the
voyage thither did not seriously delay the starting of
the press. His widow, Elizabeth Harris, who was his
second wife, succeeded to his interests, and with her
children took up residence in Cambridge, where the
press was set up in the house of Henry Dunster, the
first president of Harvard University. Winthrop says
that the first printing was done in March, 1639, but the
time at which he was writing was some years after the
actual date, and "The Freeman's Oath" and Peirce's
"Almanack," which he mentions as the first two issues
of the infant press, were perhaps printed in December
of the previous year.
Somewhat earlier than this- October 10, 1638 —
Hugh Peters, teacher of the First Church in Salem, re-
ferred to the establishment of the press in a friendly
letter written to Patrick Copland, sometime minister
in Virginia and author of the rare "Virginia's God
be Thanked: A Sermon of Thanksgiving," London,
11
1622, but at this time preaching in Bermuda. "Wee
have a printery here," he declares, by "here" mean-
ing Cambridge, "and thinke to goe to worke with
some speciall things, and if you have any thing you
may send it safely." One of the "speciall things" was
evidently the Psalms, then being "newly turned into
metre" by Richard Mather, John Eliot, and Thomas
Welde. Another contemporary account is given by
Edward Johnson (who came here in the fleet with
Winthrop in 1630) in his "History of New-England,
from the English planting in the yeere 1628 until the
yeere 1652," London, 1654: "This yeare [1638] the
reverend and judicious Jos. Glover undertook this long
voyage, being able both in person and estate for the
work he provided, for further completing the Colonies
in Church and Common-wealth-work, a Printer
which hath been very useful in many respects."
Nothing definite is known about the early history of
this "Printer," whose name was written by himself in
1638 as "Daye," and again in 1655 as "Day." Thomas.
says that he served his apprenticeship to a London
printer, but there is no proof of this. He was not skilled
in the art of typography, and in the contract made
with Glover engaged himself to work in New England
at the trade which he was using in London—that of a
locksmith. He was then in his forty-fourth year,
having been born about 1594 (although the Dictionary
of National Biography says 1610), as he gave his age
as sixty-two in a disposition made in 1656. His family
consisted of his wife (who before her marriage was the
relict of Andrew Bordman, a baker in Cambridge,
12
England); two sons, Stephen and Matthew, and a
stepson, William Bordman. His son Stephen died in
December, 1639, about a year and a half after the
press was set up in "our Cambridge,"
our Cambridge," as Prince
phrases it, while Matthew seems to have helped his
father in the printing, finally taking charge of the press
on the former's retirement in the latter part of 1646.
There is no proof in support of the assertion that the
elder Daye was a descendant of the celebrated London
printer, John Day (1522-1584), whose name was vari-
ously written "Day," "Daye," and "Daie." It is rather
a singular coincidence, however, that the printer of
the first complete metrical version of the Psalms,
in England as in New England, was a Day.
"The Freeman's Oath," the first issue of the press,
was printed by Daye on a half sheet of small paper.
No copy of it has survived the shocks of time, and the
earliest contemporary reprint is dated 1647. This was
the oath which every man over twenty years of age,
and six months a householder, was obliged to take in
order to become a freeman of the Corporation, or a
legal citizen of the Massachusetts Bay Company. The
original draft, in the autograph of John Winthrop, is in
the possession of the Boston Public Library. That
"The Freeman's Oath" has been preserved to us
is due to a quarrel in Massachusetts Bay between
William Vassall, one of the richest settlers in the
colony, and Edward Winslow, who had succeeded
Bradford as governor in 1633. Although Vassall was
a public-spirited man, his usefulness was considerably
restricted by his inability to agree with those around
13
him, and in 1646, with several equally discontented
friends, he sailed for England to make his grievances
known. Winslow had just published in London his
"Hypocrisie Unmasked," and Vassall, using the name
of "Major John Child," replied in 1647 in a pungent
production, called "New-Englands Jonas Cast up at
London: Or, A Relation of the Proceedings of the
Court at Boston in New-England against divers honest
and godly persons," in which he assailed Winslow's
championship of New England's religious policy.
Winslow speedily retorted with "New England's
Salamander discovered by an irreligious and scorne-
full Pamphlet, called New-England's Jonas cast up at
London," but the details of the controversy do not
especially interest us. Our immediate concern is with
Vassall's "New-Englands Jonas," one of the most
important of books in relation to the first printing
in Cambridge. The preface contains a statement re-
garding two of the seven lost issues of the Cambridge
Press, which should be considered authoritative and
final, the author referring the reader to: "the Capitol
Laws of the Massachusetts Bay, with the Free-man's
Oath, as they are printed there [Cambridge] by them-
selves;" and on page nine he reprints, presumably
from his own copy:
"THE OATH OF A FREE-MAN.
“I (A. B.) being by Gods providence, an Inhabitant
and Freeman, within the Jurisdiction of this Common-
wealth; do freely acknowledge my self to be subject
to the Government thereof: And therefore do here
14
swear by the great and dreadful Name of the Ever-
living God, that I will be true and faithful to the same,
and will ac-cordingly yield assistance & support there-
unto, with my person and estate, as in equity I am
bound; and will also truly endeavor to maintain and
preserve all the liberties and priviledges thereof, sub-
mitting my self to the whole-some Lawes & Orders
made and established by the same. And further, that
I will not plot or practice any evil against it, or con-
sent to any that shall do so; but will timely discover
and reveal the same to lawfull Authority now here
established, for the speedy preventing thereof.
"Moreover, I doe solemnly bind my self in the sight
of God, when I shal be called to give my voyce touch-
ing any such matter of this State, in which Free-men
are to deal, I will give my vote and suffrage as I shall
judge in mine own conscience may best conduce and
tend to the publike weal of the body, without respect
of persons, or favour of any man. So help me God
in the Lord Jesus Christ."
In spite of the extraordinary interest which attaches
to the earliest extant specimens of the first few years
of the Cambridge Press, — "The Bay Psalm Book,"
the Harvard Theses of 1643, the "Narrowgansets
Declaration," etc., - "The Freeman's Oath," had it
been preserved to our time in its original edition,
would not be equalled by any of them as an important
document in the early history of printing. It was, it is
true, a mere broadside, and not a book, but although
the first "Bay Psalm Book" is widely regarded as one
of the most valuable examples of the world's incu-
nabula, it is not to be questioned, we think, that a
15
copy of "The Freeman's Oath" would sell higher
to-day in the open market.
What, then, shall we say of Peirce's "Almanack"
of 1639, the second issue of the press and the first
English book printed in America? It is the custom of
some bibliographical writers to refer to this almanac
as a pamphlet, and to "The Whole Booke of Psalmes"
of 1640 as a book, in very much the same way that they
describe Atkins's "Kalendarium Pennsilvaniense"
and Budd's "Good Order Established in Pennsil-
vania," Philadelphia, 1685, the first two issues of Brad-
ford's press in America, and the first two works
printed in English anywhere south of Massachusetts.
But the terms, to my mind, are interchangeable, and
the almanac of 1639 is unrivalled by "The Bay
Psalm Book" and possesses a high and unassailable
importance.
Encyclopædic in information, voluminous in bulk,
moderate in price, the modern American almanac
yearly makes its appearance. The earliest American
almanac was a more primitive composition, although
its audience, no doubt, was not without appreciation.
Its edition was probably not small, but its ephemeral
character was such that no copy is now known. Its
author, referred to in Governor Winthrop's diary as
"William Peirce, Mariner," was Captain William
Peirce, born in England about 1590, and for a long
period the most noted sailmaster that came into the
New England waters. One of the most esteemed and
accomplished navigators of his time, master of three
of the five ships that brought the first settlers to New
16
England, and an intimate of Bradford, Winslow,
and Winthrop, Peirce, in Mr. Littlefield's words, is
"known to-day only as the compiler of an almanac."
That almanac, however, was the very beginning
of printed literature in America. Thenceforward,
scarcely a year passed over the first printing house in
the Anglo-American colonies without a similar work
coming from its lonely press. It has been stated that
from 1639 until Matthew Day's death, ten years later,
and the coming of Samuel Green, the third printer,
an almanac for each year was printed in the same
office; but the earliest extant example is the one for
1646, now represented by the solitary specimen, im-
perfect at the beginning and end, which rests in a
private library in New York City. It is not known
that Captain Peirce followed his pioneer almanac
with others for 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, and 1645,
although it is quite possible. No writer or diarist of
the period has chronicled their appearance, and if they
were printed, they are wholly lost to this generation.
2
17
II
"THE BAY PSALM BOOK"
1640
ALTHOUGH We possess accidental proof that there
were two issues of the Cambridge Press before 1640,
"The Whole Booke of Psalmes," published in that
year, is the oldest book which yields evidence of any
kind concerning the first appearance of the typo-
graphical art in English America. That evidence
is hardly satisfactory, the title-page concluding with
the brief statement, "Imprinted 1640"; but despite the
absence of the printer's name, the place of printing,
and the names of its compilers, its high rank in the
department of American incunabula is unassailable.
Although it is not the rarest, it is the most coveted
treasure of our first press, and should have far more
interest for an American collector than a Caxton.
As it is represented to-day by only four perfect
copies, it shares the rarity of many of the achieve-
ments of England's first printer, and is justly classed
with the Old World's most precious books. Whether
one considers it from the bibliographical or historical
viewpoint, its importance is great and lasting.
The typographical labor of the book was probably
begun in 1639. The exact date is not known, but it
18
was, of course, anterior to 1640, the year of its publi-
cation. Daye is not supposed to have been a learned
typographer, his workmen were untrained, his types
were poor; the operations of the press, therefore,
were slow. The result of his labors was a rudely
printed quarto of 148 leaves, or 37 sheets, beginning
with the title-page, within an ornamental type border,
which is followed by a long preface of a little over
twelve pages, the text, "The Psalmes in Metre," and
a leaf, blank on the reverse, and containing on the
recto a list of "Faults escaped in printing," which
is briefer than it should be. The text ends with the
fourth line on the reverse of the next to the last
leaf, the remainder of the page being occupied with
this "Admonition to the Reader:" "The verses of
these psalmes may be reduced to six kindes, the first
wherof may be sung in very neere fourty common
tunes; as they are collected, out of our chief musi-
cians, by Tho. Ravenscroft."
The chief compiler and editor of the book took
pains, as we shall see, to excuse the weakness of the
poetical translation; the printer did not attempt to
explain the poorness of the press work. According to
Isaiah Thomas, the type which he used was "Roman,
of a size of small bodied English." In addition, a few
words in Hebrew letters are employed in the preface,
and may have been specially cut on wood or metal
for this book. Typographical errors and curiosities
of spacing exist throughout the book. Oddly enough,
the heading at the top of each left-hand page is
printed "Psalm," while on the opposite page the word
19
is spelled and spaced "Ps-alme." This, however, is
not the place in which to criticize the printer or the
printing; "The Whole Booke of Psalmes" is no less
a treasure despite its lack of typographical accuracy;
we are fortunate to possess it in any form, and can
but share the admiration of Thomas Prince,—the first
American who loved and collected American books,
- who always reverently prized and fondly regarded
this historically important work, printed at "our
Cambridge.'
The work of translation from the original Hebrew
was begun as early as 1636. Cotton Mather, in his
"Magnalia,” says that "the New-English reformers,
considering that their churches enjoyed the other or-
dinances of Heaven in their scriptural purity, were
willing that the ordinance of 'The singing of psalms,'
should be restored among them unto a share in that
purity." A new version was determined upon, and
"the chief divines in the country took each of them
a portion to be translated." The men most conspic-
uous in the sacred task were Richard Mather, of Dor-
chester, the progenitor of all the Mathers in New
England; John Eliot, of Roxbury, later to become
famous in history as the "Indian Apostle;" and
Thomas Welde (or Wells), pastor of the First Church
in Roxbury, where Eliot was associated with him as
teacher." These men were divines, not poets.
Neither of them was a George Sandys, capable of
writing smooth, clear, and vigorous verse. Their
scriptural paraphrases are, in consequence, appall-
ingly tame. Wherever the original is peculiarly
20

See
THE
ex
VVHOLE
3 BOOKE OF PSALMES
Faithfully
J
TRANSLATED into ENGLISH
Metre.
e
Whereunto is prefixed a difcourfe de-
claring not only the lawfullnes, but alfo
the neceffity of the heavenly Ordinance
of finging Scripture Plalmes in
the Churches of
God.
Coll. 111.
Let the word of God dwell plenteously in
you, in all wifdome, teaching and exhort-
ing one another in Pfalmes, Himnes, and
fpirituall Songs, finging to the Lord with
grace in your hearts.
lames v.
If any be afflicted, let him pray, and if
any be merry let him fing pfalmes.
Imprinted
1640
The Bay Psalm Book. 1640
UNIV
OF
striking, the New England version is singularly disap-
pointing. Here is an example, from the 1st Psalm:
O Blessed man, that in th' advice
Of wicked doeth not walk:
nor stand in sinners way, nor sit
in chayre of scornfull folk.
2 But in the law of Iehovah,
is his longing delight:
and his law doth meditate,
by day and eke by night.
3 And he shall be like a tree
planted by water-rivers:
that in his season yields his fruit,
and his leafe never withers.
4 And all he doth, shall prosper well,
the wicked are not so:
but they are like unto the chaffe,
which winde drives to and fro.
5 Therefore shall not ungodly men,
rise to stand in the doome:
nor shall the sinners with the just,
in their assemblie come.
6 For of the righteous men, the Lord
acknowledgeth the way:
but the way of ungodly men,
shall utterly decay.
Six of the Psalms are said to have been translated by
Francis Quarles, the English poet, author of the now
neglected "Sions Elegies," "Sions Sonnets," "Divine
Fancies," "Divine Poems," etc. Holland, in his
"Psalmists of Britain," 1843, says: "I regret that I
can only incidentally introduce the name of Quarles
into this volume: the general terseness of his style
entitles us to believe that a Psalm from his pen could
not have been without merit." John Josselyn, who
21
came here in 1638, and again in 1663, publishing in
1674 "An Account of Two Voyages to New Eng-
land," now prized among the minor Americana, tells
us, however, that his friend Quarles gave him in 1638
metrical versions of six Psalms to take out to John
Winthrop and John Cotton in America. These
Psalms, intended for publication in "The Bay Psalm
Book," and evidently printed as a part of that work,
are, 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137.
Professor Tyler has painted a vigorous and original
word-picture of the poetical difficulties encountered
by the principal translators in their pious labor, but
our concern is not with the many marvels of metrical
expression to be found in their book. It was com-
piled to serve a purpose, and it served that purpose
well. The preface was written by Richard Mather, to
whom the Assembly of Churches, the first of the
Puritan synods of New England, had assigned the
duty of composing an introduction for the new psal-
ter, in order to explain and commend the work which
had been prepared in the place of Sternhold and Hop-
kins. This preface, which the late literary historian
calls "a characteristic bit of Puritan prose, very
Hebraic in learning, very heroic in conscientiousness,
sharp and minute in opinion, and quaint in phrase,'
closes with the following words:
“If the verses are not always so smooth and elegant
as some may desire or expect, let them consider that
Gods Altar needs not pollishings: we have respected
rather a plaine translation, than to smooth our verses
22
with the sweetnes of any paraphrase, and soe have
attended Conscience rather than Elegance, fidelity
rather than poetry, in translating the hebrew words
into english language, and Davids poetry into english
meetre, that soe wee may sing in Sion the Lords
songs of praise according to his own will, untill
hee take us from hence, and wipe away all our teares,
& bid us enter into our masters joye to sing eternall
Hallelujahs."
This eloquent apology for the inadequacies of the
translation is important in several ways. It is the
earliest extant specimen of prose written and printed
in New England—a fact generally overlooked. It is
also the first work of Richard Mather printed in
America, some years earlier than his "lesser" cate-
chism, of which no copy has survived, and twelve
years earlier than his "Summe of Certain Sermons
upon Genes: 15.6," which was issued by Samuel
Green during the fourth year of his management of
the Cambridge Press. The original manuscript of
the preface is in the Prince collection in the Boston
Public Library.
Such was the manner of compilation and printing
of "The Whole Booke of Psalmes," popularly known
to-day as "The Bay Psalm Book" (from Massachu-
setts Bay), but in its time more properly called "The
New England Psalm Book." The edition consisted
of seventeen hundred copies. The book was sold in
all probability at the office of the press, and also in
the shop of Hezekiah Usher, the earliest bookseller
in New England, who was located at that time in
23
Cambridge. In 1640, the year of its issue, New Eng-
land had twelve independent groups of colonists, fifty
towns, and a total population of about 25,000. The
audience to which the book appealed was large, there-
fore, and although a second edition was not called
for until 1647, it is hardly possible that more than
a few copies of the original issue then remained.
Only ten copies are now in existence, of which five
were once in Thomas Prince's noble "New England
Library," now living a mere shadow of its former
splendid self and including but two of the five
examples, and those two, alas, imperfect!
The history of the ten existing copies has been
variously told by various writers, and nearly always
inadequately or inaccurately. Their individual his-
tory is as follows:
1. Perfect copy in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
This example, bequeathed to the Library in 1735
with Bishop Tanner's books, remained there un-
recognized for over a century, the printed catalogue
of sixty years ago recording its title without distinction
among the ordinary editions of the Psalms in verse.
Earlier in the Nineteenth Century it was seen by the
Rev. Henry Cotton, who published in 1821 "A List
of Editions of the Bible and Parts Thereof in English,
from the Year MDV. to MDCCCXX," but although
he had carefully examined the book and quotes from
the preface and the text, it is dismissed on page 67
with this description: "1640. Psalms, in metre
anonymous; no place, no name. 4to. Bodleian."
After the unearthing in 1855 by Henry Stevens of the
24
copy now in the New York Public Library (Lenox
collection), the librarian, in Stevens's words, became
aware that he was "entertaining unawares this angel
of the New World," and in 1877 it was exhibited, under
its rightful colors, at the Caxton celebration. It is the
only copy known in Europe.
"
2. Perfect copy in the New York Public Library
(Lenox collection). This excellent copy, by reason
of the seventh chapter of Henry Stevens's fascinating
"Recollections of Mr. James Lenox and the Forma-
tion of his Library," 1886, is probably the best known
of the extant examples. Stevens, who had long en-
deavored to obtain a copy for Mr. Lenox, finally came
upon the "long lost Benjamin, clean, and unspotted,'
in Sotheby's auction rooms, January 12, 1855, at one
of the sales of William Pickering's stock. It was un-
mentioned in the catalogue, being placed with a mis-
cellaneous lot described as "Psalmes, other editions,
1630 to 1675, a parcel." The parcel was purchased by
Stevens for nineteen shillings, the real character of its
most important portion being unknown to the other
buyers present. On collation, he missed "sundry of
the Psalms, enough to fill four leaves," but knowing
that an imperfect copy was in the possession of George
Livermore, the American collector, he "proposed an
advantageous exchange, and obtained the missing four
leaves." Having thus completed his copy, he had it
bound by Francis Bedford in red morocco, and sold it
to Mr. Lenox for £80. This is the late bibliographer's
account of the transaction. It is not entirely accurate,
as the missing leaves, in reality, were twelve in number
25
the whole of signatures W, X, and Y. The Liver-
more copy, once Prince's, was smaller than the copy
discovered in London, and the supplied leaves were
remargined while the volume was in Bedford's hands.
The book is otherwise in fine condition, and is one of
the glories of the great collection formed by the munifi-
cent New York bibliophile. In relation to this copy, a
curious error has crept into one of the more recent
accounts of the exchange with Livermore, George E.
Littlefield, in his "Early Boston Booksellers, 1642 to
1711," saying: "Mr. Stevens proposed an exchange,
agreeing to give Mr. Livermore certain pamphlets
which he had previously offered to him, in return for
the missing leaves. When Mr. Livermore came to
examine the pamphlets, he discovered that one of
them was the long sought for 'Souldier's Pocket
Bible,' which had escaped the recognition of Mr.
Stevens. He immediately informed him of his dis-
covery, and it is unnecessary to say that Mr. Stevens
was quite mortified over his slip." Quite different is
the real history of this especial copy of "The Souldier's
Pocket Bible," now in the New York Public Library,
(Lenox collection), the only other example being in
the British Museum, as it was presented to Mr. Liver-
more by a friend, the fly leaf saying: "George
Livermore, Esq., with the regards of Edward A.
Crowninshield." Henry Stevens, of Vermont and
London, was too adroit and experienced a book-
hunter to make serious mistakes.
3. Perfect copy in the John Carter Brown Library,
Providence, R. I. This is the most interesting of all
26
existing copies of "The Bay Psalm Book" - a book
with a history and a provenance of distinction, en-
nobled and dignified by a long line of illustrious
possessors. It was first owned by Richard Mather, and
bears his autograph in several places, declaring it to be
"His Booke." Only a portion-an unimportant
portion now remains of the Mather library, which
the lively Dunton called "the glory of New England,
if not of all America," Cotton Mather, who added to
it largely, calling it "Ye Darling of my Little Enjoy-
ments." The Mather collection passed to Increase
Mather, then to his son, Cotton Mather, and then to
the latter's son, Samuel. In 1775 most of the library
was destroyed by the fire that laid waste Charlestown,
regarding which John Adams wrote that "the loss of
Mr. Mather's library, which was a collection made by
himself, his father, his grandfather, and great grand-
father, and was really very curious and valuable, is
irreparable." Long before 1775 this precious book
became a part of Prince's "New England Library,”
the formation of which began in 1703, and bears his
book-plate on the reverse of the title-page. Time and
man have not been reverent to the Prince collection,
which was left, by his will, to the Old South Church
(of which he was pastor for forty years,), to be de-
posited in the steeple chamber. The ravages of after
years, the vandalism of British troops: all served to
deplete the library, but the book-borrower and the
book-exchanger of the succeeding century wrought
irremediable ruin. Among the "book-exchangers"
were Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Edward A. Crownin-
27
shield, and George Livermore, who in 1850 obtained
from the Committee of the Old South a number of not-
able items, among them being three copies of "The
Bay Psalm Book." These books are usually said to
have been procured "by way of exchange," which is
a convenient manner of dismissing a not overnice
transaction. As a matter of fact, the performance of
these gentlemen was not vastly different from that
of Thomas Frognall Dibdin, who in 1811 persuaded
the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln's Cathedral to let
him purchase certain highly valuable books at a very
inadequate price, some of which were immediately
resold at a very considerable advance to his patron,
Earl Spencer. The industrious Dibdin was audacious
enough to print a list of his acquisitions, which he
called "The Lincolne Nose-gay." The identity of
most of the Lincoln books has been lost or obscured,
but the Prince books can be traced to-day, although
the trio of New England bibliophiles, who followed
Dibdin's noble example, did not commemorate the
occasion with a privately issued "Nosegay" ("nose-
gay:" lit. "A pretty thing to smell"!). Into the hands
of the first-named of the trio passed the Mather copy
of the Psalm Book, and in 1862 a "literal reprint"
was made from it in Cambridge. Shurtleff (1810–1874),
antiquarian and politician, left behind a collection
that contained but one remarkable book-the one
now under discussion. His library was sold at auction
in Boston in November, 1875, but the Mather-Prince
"Bay Psalm Book" was withdrawn from the sale. A
year later it was again offered and was purchased by
28
a Providence book-seller for $1,025, which was then
considered a high price, the British Museum having
refused at £150 the Prince-Crowninshield copy, offered
to the Keeper of Printed Books in 1860, and finally
sold to George Brinley, of Hartford, Conn., for 150
guineas. Caleb Fiske Harris, of Providence, was the
next owner, obtaining the book at private sale; and
after his sudden death, in the Fall of 1881, it was again
resold privately and passed into the John Carter
Brown collection.
4. Perfect copy in the library of the late Cornelius
Vanderbilt, New York City. This fine example was
also in the Prince collection, but was allowed to pass,
"by way of exchange," into the possession of Edward
A. Crowninshield. The Crowninshield library, con-
taining many of the rarest New England books, came
upon the market after its owner's death, and was
advertised to be sold at auction in Boston, Novem-
ber 1-4, 1859. It was disposed of privately to Henry
Stevens, however, for a sum said to be $10,000.
Stevens withdrew some of the best books, including
the Prince copy of "The Bay Psalm Book," and sold
the remainder at auction in London, July 12–20, 1860.
As stated above, the British Museum authorities de-
clined "The Bay Psalm Book" at Stevens's price of
£150, as being too costly, with the consequence that
England's national library still lacks this great treas-
ure. The volume was placed in one of Bedford's
handsomest bindings,- dark brown crushed levant
morocco, and in 1868 recrossed the Atlantic with
Stevens, and was sold to the more appreciative Brin-
29
ley for 150 guineas. In March, 1879, the first part of
the wonderful Brinley collection was sold in New
York City, and this beautiful volume was bought by
Cornelius Vanderbilt for only $1,200, the under-bid-
der, at $1,150, being a Chicago millionaire-biblio-
phile, who later regretted his loss of the book. Dr.
James Hammond Trumbull, who edited the Brinley
catalogue, described this invaluable volume in glow-
ing words, saying that "The acquisition of a copy of
the original edition of 'The Bay Psalm Book' must al-
ways be the crowning triumph to which every Ameri-
can collector aspires," and adding that “It is by no
means probable that another copy will be offered for
competition within the next quarter of a century."
That prediction was not fulfilled, as the Prince-Liver-
more example was sold fifteen years later; but no
similar copy has been offered. The Vanderbilt copy
has been twice reported to have been destroyed by
fire, but it still remains intact.
5. Slightly imperfect copy in the American portion
of the Prince library, now deposited for all time in the
Boston Public Library. A small part of a leaf in Ee is
supplied in manuscript, but the volume is otherwise
complete. It has the book-plate of "The New-Eng-
land Library."
6. Slightly imperfect copy in the Prince collection,
Boston Public Library. The last leaf of text (L13)
lacks a small portion, and the final leaf of the volume
-"Faults escaped in printing"-is gone. The book-
plate is not present.
7. Imperfect copy in the library of the American
30
Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. The title-
page is supplied in facsimile, and the last leaf is gone.
This copy is interesting on account of its former
ownership by Isaiah Thomas, the first historian of the
American press. It bears his book-plate inside the
front cover, and on a fly-leaf at the end is the follow-
ing: "After advertising for another copy of this book,
and making enquiry in many places in New-England
&c I was not able to obtain or even to hear of another.
This copy is therefore valuable, and must be pre-
served with the greatest care. It is in the original
binding. I. T. Sept. 28th, 1820." This is evidently
the copy referred to by Thomas in his "History of
Printing in America," 1810, where he alludes to "An
entire copy except title page, bound in parchment,"
which was then in "the possession of the Rev. Mr.
Bentley of Salem."
8. Imperfect copy in the library of E. Dwight Church,
Brooklyn, N. Y. The title-page, three following
leaves, and the last three leaves at the end are sup-
plied in facsimile. It bears the early autographs of
John Dothirk, John Cotton, and Ann Dowding, and at
a later period (1844) was owned by a member of the
Shuttleworth family. In August, 1892, it was pri-
vately purchased in Boston by the late John Fletcher
Hurst, Bishop of the Methodist Church, who resold
it shortly before his death to Dodd, Mead, & Co.,
by whom it was advertised in April, 1903, at $4,000.
Save for the imperfections noted, it is in clean, un-
washed condition throughout, and is in the original
(or contemporary) binding of sheep.
31
9. Imperfect copy in the library of Harvard Uni-
versity, Cambridge, Mass., presented to the library
in 1764 by Middlecott Cooke, a graduate of the Class
of 1723. The first six and the last three leaves are
gone.
10. Imperfect copy in the library of A. T. White,
Brooklyn, N. Y. This historically interesting exam-
ple, formerly in the Prince collection, now lacks the
title-page and eighteen other leaves, twelve of which,
signatures W, X, and Y, were used by Henry Stevens
to complete the copy now in the New York Public
Library (Lenox collection). At one time in the Prince
library it was acquired by the late George Livermore,
and at his sale in Boston, November, 1894, was sold
for $425.
32
III
FROM "THE BAY PSALM BOOK" TO THE FIRST NEW
ENGLAND CATECHISM
1641-1648
THE later history of the Daye press would puzzle the
members of the positivist school of bibliography, who
refuse to admit conjecture anywhere in the course of
their researches. The press is supposed to have been
very fruitful, but time has destroyed the majority of
its productions, almost totally effacing, indeed, all
evidence that they were ever printed. Of twelve
works known to have been produced during the
eight years that followed the issuing of "The Bay
Fsalm Book," only seven are now in existence: the
Harvard Theses of 1643, the Narrowgansets pamphlet
of 1645, the almanac of 1646, the almanac of 1647, the
Theses of 1647, the 1647 edition of "The Bay Psalm
Book," and the almanac of 1648. Five works have
vanished: the Theses of 1642, the "Capitol Lawes" of
1643, the "Spelling Book" of 1644, the "Book of Laws
and Liberties" of 1648, and Norris's Salem Catechism,
also printed in or near 1648.
Other titles may be added to the five that have dis-
appeared, but there is little certainty in the matter.
One of the titles probably founded only on con-
jecture is the following, from Haven's list of "Ante-
3
33
Revolutionary Publications": "A Catechism agreed
upon by the Elders at the Desire of the General Court.
Cambridge, Daye, 1641." This was based on Win-
throp's statement regarding the meeting of the General
Court, in Boston, June, 1641, when it "was ordered that
the elders should be desired to agree upon a form of
catechism which might be put forth in print." This
catechism, which was intended for "the instruction
of youth in the grounds of religion," does not ap-
pear to have been printed. Wilberforce Eames does
not believe that the elders ever agreed upon a uni-
form catechism, and Dr. Trumbull has said that "the
early Congregationalists in New England did not
object to catechizing, but had some difference of opin-
ion about catechisms; and, moreover, regarded the
catechetical instruction of the young as a duty of the
household, rather than a distinct office of the church."
StephenDaye's first typographical venture after "The
Bay Psalm Book" is therefore unknown to us. In the
autumn of 1642 he printed a broadside list of Theses
at the Commencement of Harvard College, which is
not now extant, the earliest contemporary edition
being the reprint in "New England's First Fruits,"
London, 1643, the first of the Eliot Indian tracts. In
the latter work is given, from a copy of the original:
"A Copie of the Questions given and maintained by
the Commencers in their publick Acts, printed in
Cambridge in New-England, and reprinted here ver-
batim." Governor Hutchinson, in his "History of the
Colony of Massachusetts Bay," reprints in the appen-
dix to the first volume the Theses of 1642, saying that
34
they were "published with a particular account of the
whole proceedings in England. I know of but two
copies extant." His reference was undoubtedly to the
Indian tract, as he does not seem to have seen a copy
of the original impression.
The first Commencement at Harvard was held in
September, 1642, and “New England's First Fruits"
was evidently written within a few weeks of the time
when the first class was graduated. The first part of
the tract gives an account of the earliest attempts to
civilize and convert the Massachusetts Indians; the
second part treats of "the progresse of learning in the
colledge at Cambridge in Massachusetts Bay." The
Theses of 1642, fortunately preserved in this precious
pamphlet, gives the names of the members of the first
class, "that remarkable group of young men whom
Harvard sent forth in 1642, as the first specimens of
high culture achieved in the woods of America:"
Benjamin Woodbridge (1622-1684); George Downing
(1623-1684), nephew of Governor Winthrop, and later
renowned as soldier and politician; William Hubbard
(1621-1704), clergyman and historian; Samuel Belling-
ham; John Wilson (1621-1691); Henry Saltonstall;
Tobias Barnard; Nathaniel Brewster (1620-1690); and
John Bulkeley (1619–1689).
Daye's next production was very possibly the “Capi-
tol Lawes" of 1641 and 1642, which came from the
press in 1643. This is one of the lost books, but the
Cambridge edition is referred to in the preface of
Vassall's "New England's Jonas Cast up at London,"
London, 1647, and the laws are quoted from in the
35
body of the work. The General Court ordered the
laws to be printed in the third month of 1643. Later
in the year Daye printed the Theses of the second
graduating class at Harvard, of which a solitary
copy has come down to our time-the slightly im-
perfect example owned by the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, defective in the centre and at the
right and left sides, but only lacking about ten words.
This was also issued in broadside form. It gives the
names of four graduates: John Jones; Samuel Mather
(1626-1671); Samuel Danforth (1626-1674); and John
Allin (1623-?). This Samuel Mather, later a minis-
ter in Dublin, was the son of Richard Mather, and
the author of a Cambridge book-"A Testimony
from the Scripture against Idolatry & Superstition"-
printed in 1670 by Green. Samuel Danforth was the
Roxbury divine, whose almanacs for 1646, 1647, 1648,
and 1649 are among the most prized examples of the
incunabula of the Anglo-American press. The Theses
of 1643-the second extant production of the Cam-
bridge Press-was discovered in 1860 in one of the
cabinets of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the
librarian finding both it and the Theses of 1670(printed
by Green) in a small bundle of ancient papers in type
and manuscript.
Another of the lost issues of the press is the "Spelling
Book," about 1644, the title of which is given in a memo-
randum of seven books printed at Cambridge between
1639 and 1648, now preserved among the Dunster
manuscripts in the archives of Harvard University. An
Election sermon by Richard Mather and an artillery
36
sermon by John Norton, each delivered in 1644, were
ordered to be printed; but their titles cannot be added
with authority to the brief list of early Cambridge
imprints. According to the Massachusetts Records,
the General Court ordered that "the printer shall
have leave to print the election sermon, wth Mr.
Mathews consent, & the artillery sermon, wth Mr.
Nortons consent;" but there is no contemporary
evidence that they ever existed. If Mather's discourse
had been issued, it would have been the first Massa-
chusetts Election sermon which was printed, preced-
ing by nineteen years John Higginson's "Cause of
God and his People in New-England, as it was Stated
and Discussed in a Sermon Preached before the Hon-
ourable General Court of the Massachusets Colony, on
the 27 day of May 1663, Being the Day of Election at
Boston," which has long been famous as the earliest
printed example of that memorable series of annual
addresses. Cotton Mather does not seem to have
known of the printing of his grandfather's discourse
of 1644, as he declares, in his funeral address on
Higginson, that "The Cause of God and his People
in New-England" is "the First Born by the way of
the Press, of all the Election Sermons that we have in
our Libraries."
The next year witnessed the birth of the Narrowgan-
sets book-now the third extant issue of the press
and its earliest production possessing historical inter-
est: "A Declaration of Former Passages and Proceed-
ings betwixt the English and the Narrowgansets, with
their confederates, Wherin the grounds and justice of
37
the ensuing warre are opened and cleared. Published,
by order of the Commissioners for the united Colo-
nies: At Boston the 11 of the sixth month 1645."
This seven page quarto declaration of war against the
Narrowgansets, printed by Stephen Daye during the
summer of 1645, is signed by "Jo: Winthrop President,
In the name of all the Commissioners." The follow-
ing entry, in “An account of Expences layed out for
ye country from August 1645 untill this 8th of October
1646," signed by President Dunster of Harvard and
preserved at the State House, shows the number of
copies printed: "First for ye printing five hundred
Declarations-4-00-00." The pamphlet was so rare
in Governor Hutchinson's time that he reprinted it,
in his "Collection of Papers," from a manuscript
copy, having "never met with it in print." Neverthe-
less, Winthrop's copy was in existence, and is now in
the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
indorsed in his handwriting: "Relation about Naro-
gansets & Miantinomo, and the discovery of their
plott agt. the English." A second copy was unearthed
in England by Henry Stevens in the middle '60's, but
was declined, at the reasonable price of ten guineas,
by both James Lenox and John Carter Brown. The
less capricious Brinley took it with eagerness in 1868,
and at his first sale, 1879, it went to the New York
collector who had previously refused it, costing him
$215, more than four times the original price, and is
nowinthe New York Public Library (Lenox collection).
Dr. Trumbull described it in the Brinley catalogue as
"probably unique," apparently not knowing of the
38

DECLARATION OF FORMER
PASSAGES AND PROCEEDINGS BETWIXT THE ENGLISH
and the Narrowganfets, with their confederates, Wherin
the grounds and ruftice of the cnfing warre are opened
and cleared.
Publifhed, by order of the Commijioners for the united Colonies:
At Boiton the 11 of the fixth month
T
8645.
HE moft confiderable part of the English Colonies profeffe
they came into thefe parts of the world with defire to advance
the kingdome of the Lord Jefus Chrift, and to inioye his preci-
ons Ordinances with peace, and (to his praife they confeffe)he hath not fail-
ed their expectation hitherto, they have found fafety, warmth and refresh-
ing under bis wing to the fatisfaction of their foules. But they know, and
have confidered that their Lord & mafter is King of righteoufnes and peace,
that he gives answerable lawes, and cafts his fubjects into fuch a mould and
frame; that (in their weak meafure) they may hold forth his virtues in their
courfe and carriage, not only with the nations of Europe, but with the bar-
barous natives of this wildernes. And accordingly both in their treat.es &
-converfe they have had an awfull refpect to divine rules, endeavouring to
walk uprightly and inoffenfively, & in the midft of many injuries and .nio-
lencies to exercife much patience and long-fuffering towards them.
The Pequots grew to an exceffe of violence and outrage, and proudly
turned afide from all wayes of juftice & peace, before the word was drawn
or any hoftile attempts made against them. During thofe warrs, & after-
the Pequots were fubdued, the Engl fh Colonies were carefull to continue
and cftabl fh peace with the rest of the Indians, both for the prefent & for
pofterity, as by feveral treaties with the Narrowganfer & Mohiggin Saga-
rores may appeare: which treaties for a while were in fome good me.fire
duly oblerved by all the Indians, but of late the Narrowganfets & especialy
the Niant ces their confederates have many waye injurioufly broke & vio-
1 ted the lane by entertaining and keeping amongst them, not only many of
the Pequot nation, but fuch of them as have had ther hands in the blood &
murder of the English, fe.zing and poffeffing at leaft a part of the Pequots
Juntry
A Declaration of Former Passages and Proceedings. 1645
Winthrop copy. After the sale of Brinley's copy, a
third example was obtained by the late Charles H.
Kalbfleisch, and since his death has gone into another
private collection. Dr. Green evidently refers to
the Kalbfleisch copy when he declares that "two
copies are in private hands:" his other example, the
fourth now known, is undoubtedly owned in Boston.
The John Carter Brown library is still without the
little Indian book, once declined at ten guineas as
being "too dear," but upon which we may now
place a pecuniary value of at least three thousand
dollars.
We come now to Samuel Danforth's "Almanack for
the Year of our Lord 1646-" the earliest extant
American almanac, represented by a unique copy,
lacking the title-page, the second leaf, and the last leaf.
Printed by Stephen Daye toward the end of 1645, it is
apparently the last work issued during his manage-
ment of the press, as his son Matthew seems to have
succeeded him about a year later. The author was
Samuel Danforth, whose name is given in the Harvard
Theses of 1643 as the third member of the little class
of that year. Born in Suffolk, England, in September,
1626, he came here at an early age. Thomas Welde,
one of the compilers of "The Bay Psalm Book,” and
pastor of the First Church in Roxbury, went to Eng-
land in August, 1641, as one of the agents of the
colony, but although recalled in 1646, never returned.
An assistant was needed to help Eliot, "whose Evan-
gelical Employments abroad among the Indians, made
a Collegue at Home to be necessary," and Danforth
39
was chosen, his ordination taking place September
24, 1650. Here he remained until his death in 1674,
neither "the Incompetency of the Salary," nor other
inconveniences, being sufficient to "perswade him to
remove unto more Comfortable Settlements." Much
of his leisure time in early life was devoted to astro-
nomical studies, and for several years he published
almanacs,-1646 to 1649, inclusive,-in 1665 issuing
"An Astronomical Description of the Late Comet as
it Appeared in New England," and twenty-one years
later a "New-England Almanack." Several specimens
of poetry are to be found in his almanacs, the earliest of
which now exist in unique copies. The chronological
tables which they contain are valuable, and were con-
sulted and cited by Thomas Prince in his "Chrono-
logical History of New England." The preservation
of the almanacs is due to the interest taken in them
by the Rev. Samuel Haugh, minister in Reading, Mass.,
whose signature appears on the title-page of the issue
for 1649. At one time they were bound together (the
almanac for 1650, by Urian Oakes, being included
in the volume); and were interleaved and annotated
by Haugh. They passed into the possession of Judge
Sewall, the guardian of the clergyman's grandchildren,
and remained in the Sewall family until their purchase
by John K. Wiggin, of Boston, who sold them to George
Brinley, of Hartford, for $1,000. Brinley broke the
volume up, and at his first sale, 1879, the almanacs
brought, respectively: 1646, $52.50; 1647, $80; 1648,
$52.50; 1649, $45; and 1650, $52.50-a total of $282.50.
The almanac for 1649, purchased for the Lenox
40
library, is now in the New York Public Library. The
almanacs for 1646, 1647, 1648, and 1650, purchased by
the Hon. John Boyd Thacher, of Albany, N. Y., have
recently been resold to Mr. E. Dwight Church, of
Brooklyn, N. Y. The present valuation of the five
almanacs, in the open market, would not be under
$2500 each.
Danforth's almanac for 1647 is emphatically the most
interesting production of the Daye press, bibliograph-
ically considered, as the title-page gives the place of
printing, the printer's name, and the name of the
earliest bookseller in English America: "MDCXLVII.
An Almanack for the Year of our Lord 1647. Calcu-
lated for the Longitude of 315 degr. and Elevation of
the Pole Arctick 42 degr. & 30 min. and may gener-
ally serve for the most part of New-England. By
Samuel Danforth of Harvard Colledge Philomathemat.
Cambridge Printed by Matthew Day. Are to be sold
by Hez. Usher at Boston. 1647." Shortly before the
production of this almanac, which was printed, per-
haps, late in 1646, Stephen Daye is supposed to have
resigned the management of the press, or to have been
deposed because of trouble with President Dunster.
The latter was then in practical charge of affairs, hav-
ing become a partner in the management of the press
by his marriage, June 21, 1641, with Mrs. Glover,
taking complete control of the business after her
death, August 23, 1643. After his withdrawal, the
elder Daye seems to have resumed his former trade
of locksmith, continuing at it until his death in De-
cember, 1668. His son, who succeeded him for a time
41
as printer, was about twenty-six years of age when
he produced the 1647 almanac. It will be observed
that he gives his name in its imprint as "Day." It
still remains a problem whether the family name was
"Daye" or "Day."
Late in 1647 Matthew Day printed Danforth's "Alma-
nack for the Year of our Lord 1648" ("Calculated"
as in the almanac for 1647), although his name does
not appear in the imprint, which is: "Printed at Cam-
bridge. 1648." It was unquestionably his work, for
the two almanacs, each of which has the title within a
border made up of figures representing the phases of
the moon, are exactly alike, typographically. These
almanacs are printed in a much better manner than
the one for 1646, issued by the elder Daye, and it is
quite possible that the second Cambridge printer was
provided with new fonts of type when Dunster gave
him charge of the press. A few weeks before the
issuing of the almanac for 1648, Matthew Day printed
the list of Theses for 1647, in broadside form, similar
to the list for 1643. The Massachusetts Historical
Society has the only extant copy, and this is very
defective, lacking the upper half. There were seven
graduates this year, among them being Jonathan
Mitchel (1624-1688); Nathaniel Mather (1630-1697),
the son of Richard Mather; and William Mildmay,
the son of Sir Henry Mildmay, of Essex, England,
who was sent over, with Richard Lyon as tutor, to
be educated at Harvard. Lyon, it is not uninteresting
to note, resided in the house of President Dunster
and assisted him in the revision of "The Bay Psalm
42
Book," printed in 1651 by the third Cambridge
printer, Samuel Green.
Earlier in 1647 the second edition of "The Bay Psalm
Book" came from the press of the younger Day. This
was a reprint, without additions, of the first edition,
although there were some changes in the spelling and
punctuation. It is a small duodecimo. It was printed
in a smaller type, and the general appearance is supe-
rior to that of the edition of 1640. The imprint is
equally indefinite: "Imprinted 1647." Various opin-
ions exist as to whether the printing was executed
here or in England, but there is no good reason for
the assigning of the book to a London press. Dr.
Green, who declares that there is little evidence on
which to base this conjecture, says: "After a com-
parison, side by side, with the Harvard list of Theses
for 1647-which must have been printed here- I am
inclined to think that the second edition of "The
Bay Psalm Book' came from Day's press."
Two copies are known of this second edition. One
copy is in the British Museum, where it was long
catalogued as follows: "Rous (Francis).
Rous (Francis). Psalms,
1647," the cataloguer having evidently in mind Rouse's
amended translation of the "Psalms, in Metre," printed
in London in 1646. A second copy, discovered in
England by Henry Stevens, was sold to George Brinley
for £100, after James Lenox had refused it at that sum.
At the first Brinley sale Caleb Fiske Harris paid $435
for it, and after Harris's death it passed into the
John Carter Brown collection. This edition, it will be
noticed, is much rarer than the first. The original
43
impression was sold, no doubt, in Usher's shop in
Boston.
Matthew Day's next undertaking was the "Book of
Laws and Liberties," published by order of the General
Court, and referred to in the "8th month, 1648," as
"now at the Presse." This is still another of the lost
books of the early Cambridge Press, the entire edition,
which Whitmore says was extensive, having disap-
peared. Edward Norris's Salem Catechism, supposed
to have been printed about this time, is also lost to
us. This would appear to be the last of the younger
Day's publications, as the press, in all probability,
came under the control of Samuel Green late in 1648.
He died in Cambridge, unmarried, May 10, 1649.
Norris's catechism is referred to by Cotton Mather
in his "Magnalia." "Few Pastors of Mankind," he
says, "ever took such pains at Catechising, as have
been taken by our New-English Divines: Now let any
Man living read the most judicious and elaborate
Catechisms published, a lesser and a larger by Mr.
Norton, a lesser and a larger by Mr. Mather, several
by Mr. Cotton, one by Mr. Davenport, one by Mr.
Stone, one by Mr. Norris, one by Mr. Noyes, one by
Mr. Fisk, several by Mr. Eliot, one by Mr. Seaborn
Cotton, a large one by Mr. Fitch; and say, whether
true Divinity were ever better handled." In one of
the Dunster manuscripts, which mentions seven books
printed at the press between 1639 and 1648, is this
entry: "In Norriss's Katechism about 3 Rheam Paper
7. 10. 00." The author of this vanished volume, Elder
Edward Norris, was the associate of Hugh Peters in
44
the First Church in Salem in 1640, and had sole charge
of the church from 1641 to 1657. He came from Eng-
land about 1639, and died in Salem in 1659. His little
book was the earliest printed New England cate-
chism. Its disappearance is a real loss, but when we
reflect that the substantial "Book of Laws and Lib-
erties" is not extant, we can easily conceive that such
an ephemeral publication as a catechism should not
survive.
The fate of the press used by Stephen and Matthew
Daye has been recently discussed by General Rush
C. Hawkins in two interesting papers, "The Daye
Press," (published in The Literary Collector Decem-
ber, 1903, and March, 1904). According to General
Hawkins, the pedigree of this press (now apparently
in the possession of the Vermont Historical Society)
seems to go back in a fairly well connected chain
to the time of its being set up in Cambridge by
Stephen Daye." After Daye's time it was used, he
thinks, by Samuel Green, "who managed the business,
a part of the time with Marmaduke Johnson, until
near the end of the century." Green died in 1702,
and according to Isaiah Thomas's "History of Print-
ing," "soon after his decease the printing materials
were removed from Cambridge, and probably sold."
At this sale, General Hawkins believes, the press
passed into the possession of Timothy Green, a de-
scendant of Samuel Green, and also a printer, who in
1714 went from Boston and set up a printing establish-
ment at New London, Connecticut, which he with
others of the Green family managed for more than a
45
century. About 1770, he states, two of their relatives,
Judah Paddock Spooner and Alden Spooner, were
apprenticed to the Greens. In 1773 they had learned
enough of their art to become efficient workmen;
for in that year they formed a partnership with the
second or third Timothy Green and went with him
to Norwich, Connecticut, where they opened a print-
ing establishment in which they continued as partners
until 1778, when the Spooners removed to the New
Hampshire Grants, carrying with them the "Daye
Press" as a part of their shop equipment. Upon this
press the Spooners printed Aaron Hutchinson's rare
Convention Sermon of 1777, "A well tempered Self-
Love a Rule of Conduct towards others,” (the first
book printed in Vermont), and other important early
Vermont imprints.
In support of this seemingly naked assertion about
the transmigration of the "Daye Press," General
Hawkins gives several printed statements "which in
a court of antiquarians would be given credence and
accepted for its face value." From the time of the
two printers who thus removed the press the pedigree
of this important typographical relic is complete down
to the present day. After leaving the possession of
the Spooners it passed through the hands of various
printers in Vermont, was then consigned to the dust
of sundry barns and lofts in Windsor County, Vermont,
and finally, a few years ago, was secured by the news-
paper men of that State and presented to the Vermont
Historical Society, in whose rooms, in the State House
at Montpelier, it found "a worthy resting place be-
46
fitting its value as an item in the world of things that
are curious and instructive."
As General Hawkins points out, the incredulous may
still continue to ask where was the press after the
death of Samuel Green in 1702 and up to the time of
its appearance in Dresden, Vermont, in 1778, when the
Spooners printed Hutchinson's Convention Sermon?
Are we sure it is the Daye Press? These are the prin-
cipal questions brought forward in his two papers, but
although he answers them to his own satisfaction, it
is impossible wholly to agree with his conclusions.
General Hawkins seems to have forgotten that more
than one press was used in Cambridge. The first press,
the "Daye Press," was used by Stephen Daye, and by
his son, Matthew, and then passed late in 1648 into
the hands of Samuel Green, the third printer at the
Cambridge Press. A second press was sent over in
the autumn of 1659 by the Corporation for the Prop-
agation of the Gospel Amongst the Indians in New
England, in order that the publication of Eliot's In-
dian Bible, then ready for printing, might be hastened
and aided. Marmaduke Johnson, who was sent from
England in 1660 to assist Green, returned home at the
end of the period for which he was engaged, but
came back in the spring of 1665 with a new press.
This press, which he operated for nearly ten years,
was acquired at his death, in December, 1674, by John
Foster, the first printer in Boston, and passes out of
this discussion.
We have, then, two presses used in Cambridge by
Stephen Daye, his son, Matthew, and by Samuel
47
Green, from the starting of printing there in the fall
of 1638 to the publication of the second issue of Cotton
Mather's "Ornaments for the Daughters of Zion,"
brought out in the early part of 1692. Which of the
two is the "Daye Press"? One of Samuel Green's
sons, Bartholomew, set up in the printing business in
Boston early in 1690, but his shop was destroyed by
fire shortly after and he was obliged to return to
Cambridge, where he assisted his father until the
closing of the press. In the spring of 1692 he returned
to Boston, his father presenting him with a printing
press and types, and was actively engaged as a printer
until his death, in December, 1732. General Hawkins
seems to be ignorant of these facts. It is possible that
Samuel Green gave the earlier press (Daye's) to his
son Bartholomew when he set up his first Boston
press, and if this was the case it was destroyed by fire
in 1690. It is also possible that the Daye Press was the
one presented to Bartholomew Green by his father in
1692, and that the former, having procured a new press,
gave the first Cambridge press to Timothy Green,
when the latter went to New London, in 1714, to
engage in the printing business. It is altogether prob-
able that this is the true story of Timothy Green's
acquisition of the "Daye Press," the most precious
relic in the history of American typography, which
now occupies a high and honored position among the
treasures of the Vermont Historical Society.
48
IV
THE THIRD CAMBRIDGE PRINTER
1649-1650
SAMUEL GREEN (1615-1702), the third printer in Cam-
bridge and the father of a race of printers, is supposed
by most bibliographical writers to have assumed the
management of the press in May, 1649, soon after the
death of Matthew Day, the second printer. We may
reasonably believe, however, that he began to print
during the last days of 1648, issuing "An Almanack
for the Year 1649. By Samuel Danforth," which
differs, typographically, from Danforth's almanacs for
1647 and 1648, printed by the younger Daye, but
agrees, in its make-up, with Urian Oakes's almanac
for 1650, also printed by Green. Only one copy of his
first imprint is now known,-the unique example inthe
New York Public Library (Lenox collection), formerly
owned by "Sa: Haugh" (the Rev. Samuel Haugh),
whose autograph it bears upon the title, later in the
possession of Judge Sewall, and more recently in that
of George Brinley.
Unlike Stephen Daye, the third Cambridge printer
was not bred to the art, nor "especially acquainted
with it," as Thomas said of John Foster. His earliest
imprints, nevertheless, compare favorably with those
4
49
of the Dayes, father and son, and his later works,
however faulty, must be allowed to rank above the
productions of the first two printers at the press. His
first work, as we have seen, was issued about the end
of 1648, and from that time onward his labors were
incessant and rapid until his retirement in the early
part of 1692. Those labors were lessened in 1660 by
the coming of Marmaduke Johnson, a skilled typog-
rapher, sent from England to assist in the production
of Eliot's Indian Bible, the greatest achievement of the
Cambridge Press. Johnson's establishment, in 1665,
of a new press, was the first display of typographical
rivalry in New England; Foster's Boston press, started
in 1675, was a more serious rival; but these presses
rose and fell while he was still active, Johnson dying
in 1674 and Foster in 1681. In 1685, in Philadelphia,
with Bradford's printing of Atkins's "Kalendarium
Pennsilvaniense," came the establishment of the first
press in the middle Colonies. In 1692, one year before
the starting of Bradford's New York press, Samuel
Green ceased to operate his press, dying ten years
later at his home in Cambridge at the age of eighty-
seven. Although not the first printer at our first
press, his name and not that of Stephen Daye is the
most glorious name in its history. To him and not
to Daye-unduly honored in the annals of American
typography-properly belongs the title of "Our
Caxton."
Several of Green's earliest imprints, issued during
the first few months of his management of the press,
are doubtless lost to us; one imprint, assigned to
50
that period, was printed many years later in Boston by
his youngest son, Bartholomew. The latter possesses
this fascinating title: "Oratio Quam Comitijs Cantab-
brigiensibus Americanis Peroravit reverendissimus
D. D. Samuel Whiting Pastor Linnensis; in aula
scilicet Harvardina, Pridie Calendas Sextiles, Anno,
M.DC.XL.IX;" and at the first glance would seem to
be a Cambridge imprint of 1649. This Latin pamphlet
of sixteen pages, with no regular title-page, has been
included under that year in one list of New England
incunabula; but in Samuel Sewall's "Diary," under
the date of September 17, 1709, we read: "Mr. Green
[Bartholomew Green] finishes printing Mr. Whit-
ing's Oration." Sewall, no doubt, had the original
manuscript of this oration, delivered at Harvard July
13, 1649, and this edition was privately made for
him.
The principal book issued by Green in 1649, and the
first important work of his press, was "A Platform
of Church-Discipline gathered out of the Word of
God: and agreed upon the Elders: and Messengers
of the Churches assembled in the Synod at Cambridge
in New England To be presented to the Churches
and Generall Court for their consideration and accept-
ance, in the Lord. The Eight Moneth Anno 1649.
Printed by S G at Cambridge in New England and
are to be sold at Cambridge and Boston Anno Dom:
1649." This was the first edition of the "Cambridge
Platform," the basis of New England theology, and
the first work with the imprint of Samuel Green. In
1645 the time had come when, as Cotton Mather says
51
in the "Magnalia," it was "convenient" that the
Churches of New England should have "a System of
their Discipline, extrated from the Word of God, and
exhibited unto them, with a more effectual, acknowl-
edged and established Recommendation: And nothing
but a Council was proper to compose the System."
In May, 1648, the Court passed an order expressing a
desire" that the Churches of Massachusetts send
their elders and messengers to sit in Synod in Cam-
bridge on the first day of September, "to discusse,
dispute & cleare up, by the word of God," certain
questions of church government and discipline. This
Synod, "a grave, learned, and pious body," sat for
two weeks, finally appointing John Cotton, of Boston;
Richard Mather, of Roxbury; and Ralph Partridge, of
Duxbury, to be each a committee of one to draw up
the plan of a Scriptural model of church government,
so that the three might be compared. Fifteen months
later, when the three alternative schemes of congre-
gational polity were submitted to the Synod, it was
not Cotton's, as might have been expected, but
Mather's platform which was adopted. Dr. Dexter
calls it "a terse, clear, and well balanced summary of
the general system which had been already outlined
in the treatises of the New England elders; enlarged
by being carried to its logical conclusions on a few
points which had never been fully developed." Cotton's
plan is not extant; Partridge's, lost long, was dis-
covered by Dr. Dexter in 1873; Mather's draught is
among the treasures of the American Antiquarian
Society, together with the revised copy from which
52

C
A
PLATFORM OF
CHURCH DISCIPLINE
GATHERED OUT OF THE WORD
OF GOD:
AND AGREED UPON BY THE ELDERS:
AND MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES
ASSEMBLED IN THE SYNOD AT CAMBRIDGE
IN NEV ENGLAND
To be prefented to the Churches and Generall Court
for their confideration and acceptance,
in the Lord.
The Eight Moneth Anno 1649
Pl: 84 1.
Pil: 26 8.
Pfal: 27.4.
Ilow amiable are thy Tabernacles O Lord of Hofts?
Lord I have loved the habitation of thy bosje & the
place where thine honour dwelleth.
One thing have I desired of the Lnd that will I feck
afte, hai I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the
dyes of my life to behold the Beauty of the Lorder to
inquire in bis Templ.
9
Printed by S G at Cambridge in New England
and are to be fold at Cambridge and Boston
Anno Dom: 1649.
A Platform of Church Discipline. 1649
N.
UN14
OF
MICH
the document as adopted by the Synod was printed
by Green.
The "Cambridge Platform," issued by Green in the
late summer of 1649, is a well-printed quarto, the plat-
form itself occupying twenty-nine pages, prefaced by
an introduction of ten pages, by Cotton, the latter
being, so far as is known, the first of his works printed
in New England. The edition, sold both in Green's
office in Cambridge and in Usher's book-shop in
Boston, must have been extensive; but the book is
now, in Dr. Trumbull's words, "inexpressibly rare.”
The highest auction price is $210 (Brayton Ives sale,
1891); but this sum by no means represents the pres-
ent value of a fine copy. Reprints of the book are
numerous. The first English edition, full of errors,
was issued in London in 1652: “London, Printed by
William Bentley for John Ridley;" but although re-
ferred to by Edward Winslow in his preface to the
London edition of the following year, has been prac-
tically unnoticed by the bibliographers. Kalbfleisch's
copy, thought to be unique, was presented to the
Lenox Library in 1898. An explanation of its rarity
is given by Winslow in the second London edition,
1653: "Printed in New-England; and Reprinted in
London for Peter Cole." Referring to the first English
edition, he says: "Meeting with a Coppy thereof Re-
printed, not only in a disorderly way, but very Falsly,
to the great prejudice of the Work, I made it therefore
my work to Suppress that Impression, and have gained
a Promise, They shall never come to publick sale."
The second American edition was printed at Cam-
53
bridge in 1671 by Marmaduke Johnson, the fourth
Cambridge printer; the third edition was printed in
Boston in 1680 by John Foster, by order of the
General Court. Another Boston edition, bearing the
date of 1701, was issued by Green's son, Bartholomew,
in conjunction with John Allen. The earliest edition
printed south of Massachusetts: "New York. Printed
by William and Andrew Bradford 1711," is one of the
very few and very rare volumes possessing the imprint
of the two Bradfords.
Late in 1649 there came from Green's press Urian
Oakes's "Almanack for the Year 1650," the first pub-
lished work of "the Lactantius of New England." The
author's name does not appear upon the title-page,
and the imprint reads: "Printed at Cambridge 1650;"
but the little pamphlet, printed in the same style as
the almanac of 1649, is known to be Green's, and the
author was long since identified by Dr. Trumbull. The
almanac, calculated as in Danforth's almanacs for
1646, 1647, 1648, and 1649, bears upon the title-page
the Latin line: "Parvum parva decent, sed inest sua
Gratia parvis," the "apposite Verse" alluded to by
Cotton Mather in his sketch of Oakes: "A Lad of
small, as he never was of great Stature, he published a
little parcel of Astronomical Calculations." Misled by
Mather's reference, Thomas entered in his "History"
this title: "Astronomical Calculations. By a Youth.
(Urian Oakes), 1648, about," and said that it was not
known when or by whom it was printed, although
it was very possibly among Stephen Daye's produc-
tions. Oakes, born in England about 1631, and brought
54
over to New England by his parents while yet a child,
had scarcely reached manhood when this almanac
was published. He was a member of the graduating
class at Harvard of 1649, and continued to reside at
the college until 1653. No other work by him is
known to have appeared until 1673, when Samuel
Green printed his election sermon, "New England
Pleaded with, And pressed to consider the things
which concern her Peace." His almanac exists in the
unique Haugh-Sewall-Brinley-Thacher copy, now in
the Church collection. The latter is the last of the five
Cambridge almanacs owned by the reverend antiquary
of Reading, Mass., which, gathered at the time of
issue, have been fortunately preserved to our day.
In the history of Green's press the year 1650 is a year
of lost books. Two works may definitely be assigned
to this year-Samuel Danforth's Roxbury Catechism
and the Supplement to the law book of 1648–1649.
To these we may add, perhaps, an almanac. In one
of the Dunster manuscripts this entry appears: "Al-
manacks and Thesis 5 Years." The manuscript refers
to the first five years of Green's occupancy of the
press, and the inference is that an almanac and a list
of theses were published each year. We have the
almanacs for 1649 and 1650, but the other titles are
utterly lost and unattainable. In the list of the earli-
est works of Green, "Mr. Danforth's Katechism" is
placed between the "Sinod Books" [Cambridge Plat-
form] of 1649 and "The Bay Psalm Book" of 1651.
Wilberforce Eames, in his bibliographical account of
"Early New England Catechisms," describes Dan-
55
forth's book under Roxbury, stating that it was most
likely printed in Cambridge not long after his ordina-
tion, September 24, 1650. No example of this cate-
chism has been preserved, although one hundred
copies are thought to have been printed.
Although the absence of Danforth's catechism and
of the almanac of 1651 is to be regretted, their interest,
at the most, was transient. The disappearance of the
Supplement to the Code of Laws of 1648-1649, which
was unquestionably printed in 1650, is a more serious
loss. The "Body of Liberties," the first Code, was
prepared in 1641 by the Rev. Nathaniel Ward, of
Ipswich, the "Simple Cobbler," and, after revision,
was adopted for three years by order of the General
Court. It is believed to have been printed by Daye
about 1643, but although there is contemporary evi-
dence of its former existence, it is unknown to-day.
The laws themselves can be traced, in slightly altered
form, in the extant law book of 1660, where, although
the first Code is not definitely cited, the majority of
the sections have the dates of their enactment ap-
pended, enabling us to easily trace the laws assigned
to 1641. Under the date of 1648 comes the first
collection of the laws of the Colony, the chief inciter
of the edition probably being Richard Bellingham. On
May 10, 1648, the book of laws was "at press." Octo-
ber 27, 1648, the book was still "at the press," and the
printing, perhaps, was not finished until the spring of
the following year, formal sanction not being given
until May, 1649, at the meeting of the General Court.
We have thus, in Whitmore's words, "no official state-
56
ment as to the month in which the completed volume
was issued." If the book was not published until
May, 1649, it is highly probable that Matthew Day
was assisted in the printing by Samuel Green. The
long delayed volume has vanished, in spite of the
fact that an edition of six hundred copies was made.
Fifty copies were given to the members of the Legis-
lature, and the remainder were ordered to be sold at
three shillings each. A certain portion of the edition
was turned to waste paper or burnt-seventy copies
or thereabouts.
We come now to the lost Supplement of 1650,
printed by Green, and put through the press under
the supervision of Joseph Hills (Member of the House
for Charlestown in 1647 and Speaker in that year),
who was its compiler. October 17, 1649, the follow-
ing vote was passed by the General Court:
“The Court, finding by experience the great benefit
that doth redound to the country by putting of the
law in print, do conceive it very requisite that those
laws that have passed the consent of the General
Court since the Book of Laws were in printing or
printed, should be forthwith committed to the press;
and for that end appoint Richard Bellingham, esq.,
Mr. Nowell, Mr. Auditor-General [Duncan], Capt.
Keayne, and Mr. Hills, or any three of them, a com-
mittee to prepare them against the Court of Election;
that upon approbation of the return of the committee,
they may also be printed; as also therewith to pre-
pare those laws referred to in the end of the printed
laws, with a suitable table, to be printed."
57
October 18, 1650, the General Court ordered that:
"Richard Bellingham, esq., the Secretary [Rawson],
and Mr. Hills, or any two of them, are appointed a
committee to take order for the printing the laws
agreed upon to be printed, to determine of all things
in reference thereunto, agreeing with the president
for the printing of them with all expedition, and to
allow the title if there be cause."
These entries positively determine the former ex-
istence of both the Code of 1648-1649 and of the sup-
plementary laws of the following year. The late
William Henry Whitmore, who unravelled the puz-
zling bibliography of the colonial laws, has enabled
the student to form a satisfactory idea of the shape
and contents of both of these. Citations given by him,
under dates of May 26, 1652; August 30, 1653; May 3,
1654; and November 24, 1654, prove that the General
Court in 1654 referred to and amended laws in the "first
printed book" [the lost collection of 1648-1649] and in
the "second printed book" [the lost Supplement of
1650]. Whitmore's description of the latter work, given
in 1890 in his historical account of the printing of the
New England laws, is the first mention made of it by
any bibliographer. For two hundred and forty years.
it was an unknown work; the thirteen years which
have elapsed since Whitmore's discovery have not
witnessed the unearthing of a copy, and its title must
be added to the long list of lost Cambridge imprints.
58
V
FROM THE REVISED "BAY PSALM BOOK” TO THE
LAW BOOK OF 1660
1651-1660
IN 1651 Green was chiefly busied with the production
of one book, the only work which we may confidently
assign to that year, although an almanac was perhaps
printed during its closing months. But barren as the
year appears to the unthinking, its solitary imprint is
one of the glories of the Cambridge Press. Bearing
the title of "The Psalms Hymns And Spiritual Songs
Of the Old and New Testament, faithfully translated
into English metre, For the use, edification, and com-
fort, of the Saints, in publick, & private, especially in
New-England," this wonderfully precious book is
valued to-day as the first edition of the revised version
of "The Bay Psalm Book" and the earliest work
containing the full name of the third Cambridge
printer. Long thought to have disappeared, and now
represented by one copy, this revision is the rarest
of all extant editions of "The Bay Psalm Book;" with
the one exception of the first edition of Eliot's Indian
Bible, it is emphatically the chief production of Green's
press.
Soon after the appearance of the second edition of
the psalm book it was thought necessary to subject
59
the work to a thorough revision. This task was en-
trusted to the care of Henry Dunster, the first president
of Harvard and director of the press, and Richard
Lyon, who had come over from England as tutor
to William Mildmay, of the class of 1647. The prep-
aration of the new edition is believed to have required
the labor of about three years. The editors performed
their task with thoroughness, and their revised
and improved version was reprinted in many editions
without further alteration until 1758, when the Rev.
Thomas Prince attempted to improve it "by an en-
deavour after a yet nearer approach to the inspired
original, as well as to the rules of poetry." The
editors of 1651 declared that they had translated the
Psalms, "with special care & diligence into such
Meeters as are most usuall and suitable for such holy
poems," having a special eye "both to the gravity of
the phrase of Sacred writt, and sweetnes of the
verse." Their revision was the first to contain the
Spiritual Songs, which were added by Lyon.
Green, who issued the new "Bay Psalm Book" in a
small octavo volume of 381 pages, printed an extensive
edition, putting forth as many as two thousand copies.
Despite the size of the edition, copies were unknown
to Thomas when he compiled his "History." He
mentions a somewhat similar title, but describes the
book as **
crown 8vo, 308 pages," and places it under
the year 1650. The bibliographers and literary histo-
rians of the past blindly followed Thomas; their
successors of to-day likewise err, although the book
is accurately described in the sixteenth volume of
60
Sabin's "Dictionary of Books Relating to America,”
a not inaccessible work. In 1886, when Mr. Eames
gave for the first time a bibliographical description of
Dunster and Lyon's revision, the only known copy was
in "the unrivalled collection of Mr. C. H. Kalbfleisch."
In 1898, some few years after Mr. Kalbfleisch's death,
this copy privately passed, together with other of the
Kalbfleisch rarities, into the possession of the New
York Public Library (Lenox collection). It was then
believed to be unique, and still possesses that dis-
tinction.
For over a decade this little book, boasting an
attractive contemporary binding, and in beautiful,
original, unsophisticated condition from beginning to
end, has been famous among collectors of American
incunabula. Mr. Kalbfleisch is supposed to have
procured it from Henry Stevens in the early '80's at
a cost of $1,000. Its pedigree, unfortunately, has been
imperfectly preserved. The second fly-leaf bears the
signature of "Robert Wright 14th April. 1836," and on
the back of the title-page is this line: "Robert Wright
bought this book in 1836." Its original owner seems
to have been the "F. B.," whose initials appear in
gold letters upon the sides. His identity is unknown
to us, and has not been determined by research. The
book was possibly bound for him during the third
quarter of the seventeenth century by Edmund
Ranger, of Boston, who was bookbinder as well as
bookseller, and "the only man of his calling whose
name has come down to us from that particular
period." The binding strongly appealed to William
61
Loring Andrews, who mentioned it with special
observance in his "Bibliopegy in the United States.
and Kindred Subjects," 1902. "Well and stoutly
bound in brown calf," he wrote, "its covers are held
together by leathern and brass clasps, the only attempt
at ornamentation being a narrow gold line traced
around the borders of each side, a small centre
ornament, and the initials F. B. If it is, as we presume,
the original binding, it is one of the earliest examples
extant of bookbinding executed in North America,
for the old Bay State may pride itself upon having
been the cradle of Bibliopegy as well as of Typography
in the new and unsettled land of our forefathers."
Green's next extant book is Richard Mather's
"Summe of Certain Sermons upon Genes: 15.6.
Wherein Not only the Doctrine of Justification by
Faith is Asserted and Cleared, and sundry Arguments
for Justification before Faith, discussed and Answered,
But Also the nature and meanes of Faith, with the
Imputation of our Sins to Christ, and of Christs Right-
eousness to us are briefly Explained and Confirmed,
Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1652," a quarto of fifty-nine
pages. An introductory page, "To the Christian
Reader," is signed by John Cotton and John Wilson.
This is the first extant book of Richard Mather printed
in New England, with the possible exception of a
catechism which has not survived. There were two
Dorchester catechisms, both by the first of the
Mathers, minister of the church there from 1636
until his death in 1669. His grandson says in the
"Magnalia:" "He published catechisms, a lesser and
62

逆
​THE
PSALMS
HYMNS And SPIRITUAL.
SONG
S
Of the Old and New Teft-
ament, faithfully tranflated
into ENGLISH metre,
For the ufe, edification, and comfort,
of the Saints, in publick, & private.
especially in New-England.
2 Tim: 3. 16, 17.
Col 3. 16, Let the word of God dwell in
you richly in all wifdom, teaching & ad-
manifbing one another in Pfalms, Hymns,
and fpiriall Songs, finging to the Lord
with grace in your hearts.
Ephe: 5. 18,19. Bee filled with &c:
James 5. 13.
Printed by Samuel Green at Cambridg
in New-England. 1 65 1.
The First Edition of the Revised Version
of the "Bay Psalm Book." 1651
UNIE
OF
сно
MI
a larger, so well formed that a Luther himself would
not have been ashamed of being a learner from them.”
"No copy of either" was known to Dr. Trumbull as
late as 1883. The “larger" ("A Catechisme Or, The
Grounds and Principles of Christian Religion, set forth
by way of Question and Answer") printed in 1650 in
London, is described by Mr. Eames in his "Early New
England Catechisms" from the American Antiquarian
Society's copy; but the "lesser" catechism has
vanished. In 1665 it appears that a new edition of
one of the catechisms had been printed by Green, it
being then voted that "the new impression of M
Mathers Catechismes should be payd for, out of a
Towne Rate." The sum of £4 10s. was paid for the
printing of the catechism, and the books were given
to each family in town. This "new impression" is
not extant. The first edition may have been issued
by Green about the time of the appearance of "The
Summe of Certain Sermons upon Genes: 15.6." Only
one copy of the latter work has been publicly sold in
many years-Brinley's, which brought but $90 in
1879.
The second Supplement to the Code of 1648–1649,
covering the laws of 1651, 1652, and 1653, was printed
by Green in 1654, in accordance with the order of the
General Court of May 3 of that year; but cannot be
traced at the present time. Whitmore believed this
to have been a folio of some nineteen pages. During
the summer of 1654 Green issued John Eliot's catechism
in the Massachusetts Indian language, the earliest
printed Indian book of which any record has been
63
preserved. In September of the preceding year the
Commissioners of the United Colonies wrote to
Winslow: "Mr Eliot is preparing to print a Cattichisme
of the Indian langwige which wee shall further (as
wee may) by disbursing the charge of paper and
printing out of the stock but by some due allowance
shall Indeavor to Incurrage Thomas Stanton to assist
in the worke; whoe is the most able Interpretor wee
haue in the countrey for that Langwige that the worke
may bee the more pfectly carried on." They also
resolved that: "It is left to the two Commissioners
for the Massachusets to giue order for the printing of
five hundred or a Thousand Catechismes in the Indian
langwige and to allow paper and the charge of print-
ing." On September 25, 1654, they wrote to the
Corporation in England, stating "one Cattachesme
is alreddy printed and Mr Person is preparing another
to sute those southwest ptes where the languige differs
from theires who liue about the Massacheuesetts."
The latter is Abraham Pierson's "Some Helps for the
Indians," printed by Green, 1658-1659, of which but
a single copy is known. The Indian catechism of
1654 has disappeared.
The first book printed in 1655 may have been
President Charles Chauncy's Commencement sermon
at Harvard: "Gods Mercy, shewed to his People in
giving them a faithful Minister and Schooles of
Learning for the continual supplyes thereof."
Chauncy, whose name is spelled "Chauncey" in
the title, had then been president of the college less
than one year, having succeeded Dunster, deposed
64
for his adoption of the principles of anti-pædo-bap-
tism, on October 24, 1654. His sermon was published
by Green, "with some additions," in an octavo of 61
pages, the title-page having the same ornamental
border which was used in the "Cambridge Platform"
of 1649. The Brinley copy is in the New York
Public Library (Lenox collection). Green's two most
important publications of 1655 are not now extant.
These were the Book of Genesis and the Gospel of
Matthew, Eliot's second and third Indian books. In a
letter dated August 16,1655, Eliot wrote of the Indians:
"That which I now most follow, is, first the spread-
ing of the Gospel into more remote places. . . . The
second thing attended, is the Civilizing of them. . . .
The third thing is the Printing of the Bible in their
Language. Genesis is Printed, and we are upon
Matthew, but our progresse is slow, and hands short."
In another letter, dated from Roxbury, December 28,
1658, Matthew is referred to as being among "those
pieces that were printed;" but it has long since
vanished, together with the first book of the Bible,
in Indian, and the Indian catechism. Later in 1655,
"An Almanack for the Year 1656. By T. S.," was
issued from the press. The only known copy of this
almanac of sixteen pages, with eight lines of poetry
at the foot of each page, is in the library of the
American Antiquarian Society. Nathaniel Paine's
list of their early New England imprints fails to
identify "T. S.," whose little work, in point of
date, is the first almanac after Oakes's "Astronom-
ical Calculations" of 1650. Almanacs for 1651, 1652,
5
65
1653, 1654, and 1655, doubtless came from the Cam-
bridge Press, but copies are unknown to present-day
bibliographers. George Brinley, who formed an un-
approachable collection of early New England
almanacs, possessing, with few exceptions, the issues
from 1646 to 1700, was unable to see them, and there
is little chance of their discovery at this late date.
The extant issues of 1656 are two in number-a
catechism and an almanac. The catechism is John
Cotton's "Spiritual Milk,"-"that incomparable
Catechism," as Cotton Mather styles it, which, in-
corporated in the "New England Primer," came to
be more popularly known in New England than any
other catechism, with the one exception of "that
Golden Composure," the Westminster Assembly's
Shorter Catechism. The almanac is by "S. B.,"-
Samuel Brackenbury, the compiler of the one for
1667, which gives his name in full. Brinley did not
find a copy, but there is one at Worcester, in the
possession of the American Antiquarian Society.
Cotton's catechism was first printed, most probably,
in London in 1646, under this title (suggested, perhaps,
by William Crashaw's "Milke for Babes. Or, A
North-Countrie Catechisme):" "Milk for Babes.
Drawn out of the Breasts of both Testaments. Chiefly,
for the spirituall nourishment of Boston Babes in
either England: But may be of like use for any
Children." This edition, often reprinted, is of only
slightly greater rarity than the first New England
issue, which is entitled: "Spiritual Milk for Boston
Babes In either England. Drawn out of the Breasts
66
of both Testaments for their souls nourishment But
may be of like use to any Children. By John Cotton,
B.D. late Teacher to the Church of Boston in New-
England. Cambridg Printed by S G for Hezekiah
Usher at Boston in New-England 1656." The first
catechism of the mightiest man in early New England
was the one for adults, "The Doctrine of the Church,
to which is committed the Keyes of the Kingdome
of Heaven," London, 1642. The "Spiritual Milk” is,
of course, a catechism for children. It is a small
octavo of eight leaves, the text ending upon the
upper half of the recto of the last leaf. The edition
must have been a large one, but only one copy is
known,-George Livermore's, for which the New
York Public Library (Lenox collection) paid $400 in
1894. On the back of the title-page is the signature
of "Jno. Hull," master of the mint, who became a
member of Cotton's church in Boston in 1648. At
one time this copy was bound with eight other
catechisms in one volume in the following order:
Cotton's "Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes,” 1656;
Noyes's "Short Catechism," 1714; Fiske's "Watering
of the Olive Plant," 1657; Norton's "Brief Cat-
echisme," 1660; Seaborn Cotton's "Brief Summe of
our Christian Faith," 1663; Stone's "Short Cat-
echism," 1684; Fitch's "First Principles of the
Doctrine of Christ," 1679; Perkins's "Foundation
of Christian Religion," 1682; and the Westminster
Assembly's "Shorter Catechism," 1740. Four of
these are Cambridge imprints-the "Spiritual Milk,"
the "Olive Plant," the "Brief Catechisme," and the
67
"Brief Summe," and each exists in a unique copy.
Another edition of "Spiritual Milk" is supposed to
have been printed at Cambridge in 1668, but no copy
exists.
Four publications are to be recorded under the year
1657. The earliest of these was the following broad-
side mourning elegy: "A Copy of Verses Made by
that Reverend Man of God Mr. John Wilson, Pastor
to the first church in Boston; On the sudden Death
of Mr Joseph Brisco, Who was translated from Earth
to Heaven Jan. 1. 1657." This elegy on Brisco, who
was "translated,”
Not by a Fiery Chariot as Elisha was,
But by the Water, which was the outward cause.
contains thirty-four lines, headed by an introductory
quatrain. Dr. Green, who reproduced it in 1902 from
his own copy, apparently unique, believes it to have
been printed by Green soon after Brisco's death.
The paper upon which the verses were struck off is
nearly identical with that used for the Harvard
Theses of 1643 and 1647, sensibly differing from the
kind in use at a later period. To the early part of
1657 also belongs the first Chelmsford catechism-
"The Watering of the Olive Plant in Christs Garden.
Or A Short Catechism For the first Entrance of our
Chelmesford Children: Enlarged by a three-fold
Appendix By John Fisk Pastour of the Church of
Christ at Chelmesford in New-England. . . Printed by
Samuel Green at Cambridg in New-England. 1657."
This is a small octavo of 88 pages, the catechism
68

Spiritual
MILK
FOR
BOSTON BABES
In either ENGLAND.
Drawn out of the
Breafts of both TESTAMENTS
for their fouls nourishment
But may be of like ufe to any
Children
By JOHN COTTON, B. D.
late Teacher to the Church of
Bolton in New-England-
AM BRIDG
Printed by
for Hechiab Ufher
at Bolton
New-England
5.6.
Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes. 1656
UNIV
OF
M
нов
itself filling pages 5-16, the remainder being devoted
to the "three-fold Appendix." It was published at
the expense of the inhabitants of Chelmsford four
years after the settling of the town, and was compiled
by their first pastor, the Rev. John Fiske, who in
1655 had removed to the town from Wenham (then
a part of Salem village), taking with him the greater
part of his flock. The preface of two pages, “To the
Church & Congregation at Chelmsford, Grace &
Peace, through Jesus Christ," is signed: "John Fiske,
Chelmesford this 25 of 1. mo. 1657." The title of the
catechism comes from Psalm 128:3: "Thy children
shall be like olive plants round about thy table." A
single copy is known-the one in the New York
Public Library (Lenox collection), which was formerly
Livermore's, bringing $106 in his sale in 1894, a sum
estimated by Dr. Green as being probably equal to
one-half of Fiske's annual salary. Haven records the
title of a 1668 edition of the "Appendix," but no one
has seen a copy. Green's next publication of 1657
may have been the third Supplement to the Code
of 1648–1649, covering the laws of 1654, 1655, 1656,
and 1657, and printed by direction of the General
Court. Whitmore thought this lost Supplement to
have been a small folio of twenty-six pages. The
fourth publication of the year is Richard Mather's
"Farewell Exhortation to the Church and People of
Dorchester in New-England," one of the most inter-
esting of New England books, seemingly printed for
the members of his congregation during the twenty-
first year of his pastorate, and distributed among
69
them "on a certain Lord's Day." His grandson notes
in the "Magnalia:" "Some Years before his Death
(having sent over to his old Flock in Lancashire, a
like Testimony of his Concernment for them) he
composed and published, A Farewell Exhortation to
the Church and People of Dorchester, consisting of
Seven Directions, wherin his Flock might read the
Design, and Spirit of his Whole Ministry among
them; on a certain Lord's Day, he did, by the Hands
of his Deacons, put these little Books into the Hands
of his Congregation, that so whenever he should by
Death take his Farewel of them, they might still
remember how they had been exhorted." This "little
Book" of thirty-one pages, so remarkable for personal
interest, is now of superlative rarity. Brinley could
not find a good copy. Mather's "like Testimony of
his Concernment," sent to his old followers in England,
is undoubtedly the following: "An Heart-Melting
Exhortation, together with a Cordiall Consolation.
By Richard Mather and William Tompson; Presented
in a Letter from New-England, to their dear Countrey-
men of Lancashire," London, 1650. Increase Mather's
copy was in the Brinley collection.
The years 1655-1658 were principally employed by
John Eliot in the Indian translation of the Bible. A
catechism, and the books of Genesis and Matthew,
were printed, as we have noted, 1654-1655. During
the fall of 1658 Green issued for Eliot an Indian trans-
lation of a portion of the Psalms of David in metre.
It is referred to in the postscript to the letter to
Floyd, December 28, 1658: "They [the Indians] have
70
none of the Scriptures printed in their own Language,
save Genesis, and Matthew, and a few Psalms in
Meeter." No copy has been found. In the treasurer's
account presented to the Commissioners, at Hartford,
in September, 1659, there was a charge of £40: “To
Mr. Green for printing the Psalmes and Mr. Piersons
Catichisme." In September, 1660, it was resolved
that: "The Commissioners for the Massachusetts are
desired and Impowered to accoumpt with Mr. Green
for the forty pounds payed him for printing Mr.
Pierson's Cattachisme and the Psalmes." Pierson's
catechism, in the dialect of the Quiripi Indians of the
"south-west" parts of New England, is the "Some
Helps" which is alluded to and described in detail
in the chapter on "The Indian Books." Green began
the printing of it about the beginning of December,
1658, but the book was not issued until the following
year. Toward the end of 1658 he probably put forth
"An Almanack of the Coelestial Motions for this
present Year of the Christian Era 1659. By Zech:
Brigden." The compiler was Zechariah (or Zachary)
Brigden, of Stonington, Conn., a member of the
Harvard graduating class of 1657. Brinley's (sold with
the almanacs for 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, and 1665, to
the Library of Congress for $156) formerly belonged
to the Rev. Henry Flint, of Braintree (brother-in-
law of Leonard Hoar, President of Harvard), and
contained occasional memoranda in his handwriting,
usually disguised in Greek letters.
One book wrongly attributed to 1658 is another
edition of the New England version of "The Bay
71
Psalm Book," as revised and improved by Dunster
and Lyon in 1651. The title is the same as that of the
revision. The imprint reads: "Cambridge, Printed
for Hezekiah Usher, of Bostoo." The date is con-
jectural. The book is a duodecimo, printed in double
columns, sixty lines in a full column. The type, an
excellent nonpareil letter, "which does not appear in
any work known to have been printed in this country
at that time," confused Haven. "The printing," he
observed, "is executed by a good workman, and is
the best that I have seen from the Cambridge press.
I conclude, therefore, it could not be printed by Green
before the arrival of Marmaduke Johnson in 1660; I
have no doubt it was printed under Johnson's care,
and, probably, soon after the Indian Bible came from
the press in 1663." The type, however, is not used
in any of the books printed by Johnson between 1660
and the year of his death, 1674, and the "Cambridge"
mentioned in the imprint is unquestionably Cam-
bridge, England. Dr. Trumbull notes that Usher,
who sold the psalm books of 1640, 1647, and 1651,
visited England in the autumn of 1657, charged with
matters of business for the Commissioners of the
United Colonies, and that this edition, not improbably,
was printed, or contracted for, when he was in the
mother country. It is possible, as Haven suggested,
that Usher ordered copies to be bound up for the
New England market with some of the small English
Bibles printed at the old Cambridge. Brinley's copy,
sold in 1879 for $90 to C. Fiske Harris, and now in the
library of Brown University, is considered unique.
72
We now approach the last books printed by Green
alone at his first press. Five imprints are assigned to
this period, which covers a space of eighteen months,
1659-1660. Two of the number are broadsides: "An
Humble Proposal for the Inlargement of University of
Learning in New England," and "A Declaration of
the General Court of the Massachusetts Holden at
Boston in New England, October 18, 1659. Concern-
ing the Execution of two Quakers," both printed in
1659. The first is represented by the copy in the
Massachusetts Archives at the State House; the
second is unknown in the original form, our knowl-
edge of it being obtained from the London reprint of
the same year. These, together with the third im-
print, are of minor interest. The latter is "An Al-
manack for the Year 1660. By S. C." The compiler
was the Rev. Samuel Cheever, of Marblehead, Mass.,
who prepared the almanac for 1661, which also bears
his initials. Brinley's copy, the only one known, is
in the Library of Congress. The other two imprints,
now ranked among the most valuable publications of
the press, are John Norton's "tractate" against the
Quakers, "The Heart of New England Rent at the
Blasphemies of the Present Generation," 1659, and
"The Book of the General Lawes and Libertyes,"
1660, the earliest extant collection of New England
laws.
In 1659 Norton was regarded as the leading minister
in the colony. When Cotton died in 1652, he was
thought worthy above all others to succeed him as
teacher of the church in Boston, and he was installed
73
in that high office in the month in which Quakers
first came to New England. His commanding abilities
naturally made him the chief instigator of the perse-
cutions of the people whose admission into the
colony was opposed with barbarous bitterness. In
October, 1658, the General Court ordered that there
should be a writing or declaration drawn up and forth-
with printed to manifest the evil of the tenets of the
Quakers and the dangers of their practices. Norton
was requested to compose this declaration. The
result of his labors was printed by Green in May,
1659, in sixty pages, small quarto, and distributed at
the public charge toward the end of that month. In
this vigorous if unpolished tract Norton strove hard
to prove the mischievous tendencies of the Quakers.
For writing it he received a grant of five hundred acres
of land. During the following year it was reprinted in
London with an appendix of "Matter coming from
New-England since this Book was printed." The
reprint, complete with the appendix (wanting in most
copies), is scarcely less rare than the original edition,
which is included in few of our great collections of
Americana. Brinley's copy, which sold for $110 in
1879, is in the New York Public Library (Lenox
collection). Another example is in the library of the
Massachusetts Historical Society.
The law book of 1660, apparently the last book
printed solely by Samuel Green before the coming
of the fourth Cambridge printer, is hardly less precious
than that highly prized New York book, "The Laws
& Acts of the General Assembly for Their Majesties
74
..
Province of New York. . . New-York, William
Bradford, 1694," of which only eight copies-four of
them imperfect-are known to exist. We have seen
that the Code of 1648-1649 was followed by three
Supplements, 1650, 1654, and 1657. During the prep-
aration of a new revision, the issuing of Supplements
was suspended. This revision was put through the
press under the care of Secretary Rawson, Capt.
Thomas Clark, and Major General Daniel Denison,
who, as Whitmore has shown, were chiefly concerned
in collecting, condensing, and arranging the new
Code. It was printed by Green in an attractive folio of
one hundred pages (title, one leaf; address, one leaf;
Laws, pages 1-88; Table, eight pages), with this
title: "The Book of the General Lawes and Libertyes
concerning the inhabitants of the Massachusets, col-
lected out of the Records of the General Court, for
the several years wherin they were made and
established. and now revised by the same Court,
and disposed into an alphabetical order, and published
by the same Authority in the General Court holden
at Boston, in May, 1649. Cambridge, Printed accord-
ing to Order of the General Court, 1660." The preface
begins: "The Books of Lawes of the first impression,
not being to be had for the supply of the Country,
put us upon thoughts of a second which is an eloquent
testimony respecting the rarity of the earlier Code."
In his "History" Thomas said: "Only one perfect
copy can now [1810] be found." Perfect copies are
now in the following libraries: American Antiquarian
Society (Edward Rawson's copy, with many additional
75
laws); Boston Athenaeum; New York Public Library
(Lenox collection); Pennsylvania Historical Society;
and State House, Mass. Brinley could not procure a
copy, which is conclusive evidence of its rarity. The
only copy offered at auction for a long period brought
£109 in London, in December, 1893, passing im-
mediately into the New York Public Library (Lenox
collection). This is one of the finest of the perfect
copies of the book, being immaculate throughout
and practically uncut.
76
VI
THE INDIAN BOOKS
1654-1691
ELIOT began the study of the Massachusetts Indian
language about the year 1643. His missionary labors
began about three years later, Danforth's almanac for
1649 recording under the date of October, 1646, that:
"Mr. Eliot began to preach to ye Indians in their
owne language." In July, 1649, he wrote to Winslow:
"I do very much desire to translate some parts of the
Scriptures into their language, and to print some
Primer wherein to initiate and teach them to read."
This primer or catechism, prepared in 1651 and first
used among the Indians in manuscript form, was
ordered to be printed (as we have seen) in September,
1653, in an edition of "fiue hundred or a Thousand"
copies. It was in print before September 25th of the
next year, but has not survived. Similar is the fate
of the second edition, issued in 1662, although 1,500
copies were printed. September 12, 1661, the Com-
missioners wrote to Hutchinson and Ashurst in
England: "By the account you will find wee haue
remaining 414 lb: 4: 4 stocke a great part wherof
wilbee expended in printing the bible and a new Im-
pression of a Catichisme." The following day they
77
wrote to Hezekiah Usher in Boston: "Alsoe wee
pray you take order for the printing of Mr. Elliotts
Catichismes which wee vnderstand are much wanting
amongst the Indians." Usher's account, presented to
the Commissioners in September, 1662, contains the
charge: "To printing 1500 Cattachismes, 15 1." Of
the edition of 1669, a 32mo of 64 unnumbered leaves,
printed by Marmaduke Johnson, the fourth Cambridge
printer, the only known copy is in the library of the
University of Glasgow, having been "Gifted to the
Library by Mr. Jo. Kirton, Aprile 19, 1675." It con-
tains a large and a short catechism and bears this title:
"The Indian Primer; or, The way of training up of
our Indian Youth in the good knowledge of God, in
the knowledge of the Scriptures and in an ability to
Reade. Composed by J. E. . . . Cambridge, Printed
1669." The text is in Indian, the only English
portions of the book being the title, "The Lords
Prayer," "The Ancient Creed," the introductory
heading to the "Degrees of Christian Duties for
several estates, collected out of the holy Scripture,"
the running head-lines, "The Numeral Letters and
Figures, which serve for the ready finding of any
Chapter, Psalm and Verse in the Bible or elsewhere,"
and "The Names and Order of the Books of the Old
and New Testament." August 29, 1686, Eliot wrote
to Boyle: "My humble request to your honour is,
that we may again reimpose the primer and catechism;
for though the last impression [1669?] be not quite
spent, yet quickly they will; and I am old, ready to
be gone, and desire to leave as many books as I can."
78
Little is known of this edition, which Samuel Green
may have printed about 1687. Thomas Prince's im-
perfect copy, believed by Mr. Eames to be of the
1687 edition, is in the library of the Massachusetts
Historical Society. This is only a fragment, lacking
the title and other leaves, but seems to have been
originally complete in forty leaves, signatures A, B,
C, D, and E, in eights. The contents closely agree
with the edition of 1669. The blank portion of one
leaf once bore this inscription, in Prince's autograph:
"Mr. B. Green says, composed by Mr. Eliot, &
Prints at Camb. abt 1684," but only the latter part of
this statement is now visible.
From the first, it was Eliot's ambition to see the
whole Bible translated into the native tongue, although,
as he wrote in 1651, he did not expect to see it entirely
translated, "much lesse Printed," during his time. In
a letter written to Thomas Thorowgood, in June, 1653,
he said: "I have had a great longing desire that our
Indian Language might be sanctified by the Trans-
lation of the holy Scriptures into it. . . . but I fear it
will not be obtained in my dayes. I cannot stick to
the work, because of my necessary attendance to my
ministrie in Roxbury, and among the Indians, at
sundry places, and the multiplied work, which in
that kind ariseth upon me, and yet through the
blessing of the Lord, I have this Winter translated
the whole book of the Psalms. . . . While I live, if
God please to assist me, I resolve to follow the work
of translating the Scriptures." In August, 1655, his
translation of Genesis was printed and Matthew was
79
passing through the press. The entire translation was
completed in the autumn or winter of 1658, and
about this time "a few Psalmes in Meeter" were
issued, but, together with the other precious portions
of the first American Bible, have disappeared.
Toward the end of 1658 Green began to print the
third Indian catechism, "Some Helps for the Indians
Shewing them How to improve their natural Reason,
To know the True God, and the true Christian
Religion," by the Rev. Abraham Pierson, minister of
Branford, in New Haven colony. This catechism,
made for the use of the Quiripi Indians of south-
western Connecticut, was completed by the 19th
of September, 1657, and the manuscript was sent to
the Corporation in England to be printed in an
edition of “1500 Coppies." This manuscript was lost
at sea in November, 1657, and another was prepared
by Pierson in 1658 and after having been "Examined,
and approved by Thomas Stanton Interpreter-General
to the United Colonies for the Indian Language, and
by some others of the most able Interpeters amogst
us," was printed by order of the Commissioners at
Cambridge. September 22, 1658, the Commissioners
wrote to the Corporation: "By our last of the 16th
Instant wee certifyed you of our purpose to send Mr.
Persons Catichisme by the first oppertunitie to bee
printed in England since which time it is come to our
hands but vpon further consideration in regard of
the hazard of sending and difficultie of true printing
it without a fitt ouerseer of the presse by one skilled
in the language wee haue chosen rather to haue it
80
printed heer and accordingly haue taken order for
the same and hope it wilbee finished within three
months." Only the first sheet (sixteen pages) had
been printed by Green before December 28, 1658, and,
although the title-page is dated 1658, the book was
not issued until the fall or early winter of 1659. The
first sheet was reprinted by the Corporation in
the spring of 1659 in “A further Accompt of the
Progresse of the Gospel amongst the Indians in New-
England," the ninth of the Eliot tracts and the rarest
of that contemporary series of narratives which so
faithfully chronicle the progress of missionary work
among the native tribes. The completed "Some
Helps," in its original form, is now known to us by
the unique Lenox copy, which cost Mr. Lenox £12
12s. Some copies of this edition appear to have fallen
into the hands of "that mischievous adventurer," Cap-
tain John Scott, who issued it in London with a new
title-page (printed "for," not "by," Samuel Green),
which announces him as being the sole examiner and
approver of the book. The British Museum copy
is the only extant example of this curious issue,
which agrees with the other save in the title-page.
The Cambridge Press was now sorely in need of
new type; in order to assure the successful publication
of Eliot's Indian version of the Bible, an additional
printer was needed. In June, 1658, Green petitioned
the General Court as follows:
"Samuel Green, Printer at Cambridge Humbly
sheweth Whereas yor poare Servant hath (althovgh
6
81
with many wants & difficultyes) spent some yeares
in attending ye service of ye Country in that worke
of Printing, The Presse & the appurtenances thereof,
wthout a speedy svpply, & especially of letters, &
those principally for ye printing of English, is now
almost wholy vncapeable of farther improvemt, either
for the answering of ye Countryes expectation, or for
the benefitt of such as are employed therein, &
ye Colledge (to whome ye presse doth pperly belong)
have not ability in theyr hands to helpe, so that
vnlesse some prsent care bee taken by the wisdome
& furtherance of this Honrd Court, ye improvemt
thereof must of necessity cease, & yor poore servant
must bee forced to change either his habitation or
employmt or both. The consideration & supply
whereof is the humble request of yor poore servant,
or if not, yor determination therein, yt so hee may
more clearely see his way for ye serving of the
pvidence of god in some other calling."
This petition was commended to the consideration
of the Commissioners, who were desired to write to
the Corporation in England for "the pcureing of 201
worth of letters for the vse of the Indian College."
In a letter written in December of the same year to
the treasurer of the Corporation, Eliot requested the
employment of "some honest young man, who hath
skill to compose, (and the more skill in other parts
of the work, the better)," to be sent over to work
"at the presse in Harvard Colledge, under the Colledg
Printer, in impressing the Bible in the Indian
language." "The whole book of God," he concluded,
"is translated into their own language, it wanteth
82
but revising, transcribing, and printing." Under the
same date, Governor Endicott asked for the provision
of "papers and letters and such things as may further
the work, as also a Journey man Printer to be helpe-
full under Mr. Greene our Printer to expedite the
work... Mr. Eliot will be ready at all times to correct
the sheets as fast they are Printed, and desireth nothing
for his paines."
These letters were favorably received in England,
and in the autumn of 1659 a new printing press,
printing letters for the bible," and other necessary
arrangements were procured in London at the
expense of the Corporation for the Propagation of the
Gospel among the Indians in New England, and sent
over to Cambridge. According to Dr. Trumbull, the
printing of the New Testament in Indian was begun in
the autumn or early winter of 1659. The first thing
issued in the native tongue from the press was apparently
the broadside, "A Christian Covenanting Confession,'
printed on one side of a quarto sheet in two parallel
columns, Massachusetts Indian and English. From
certain peculiarities of orthography in the Indian
version of this covenanting confession, Dr. Trumbull
believed it to have been printed before the New
Testament. "Probably it was printed before," he
said, "but not long before the gathering of the first
Indian church at Natick, in 1660." The only extant
copy belongs to the University of Edinburgh, to
which it was presented in 1699. It was reissued about
1670, with several slight changes and a few additional
words and Scripture references; and of this the only
83
copy known is in the Congregational Library, Boston.
The latter lacks a small portion of the lower right-
hand corner.
Marmaduke Johnson, the new printer, did not arrive
in New England until the summer of 1660. In the
meantime, Samuel Green, assisted by an Indian
apprentice (James the printer, later called James
Printer, who was employed on both editions of the
Bible), had printed sheets A to L, Matthew to John.
The printing was finished in the summer of 1661, and
an edition of one thousand or fifteen hundred copies
was speedily published. Forty copies were sent to
England for presentation purposes, with English title-
pages and a dedication to Charles II in addition to the
Indian title. About one-fifth of the edition was bound
up separately. In 1891 Mr. Eames traced sixteen
copies, Dr. Wright adding five examples to the
number in 1894. The highest auction price is $700,
given in 1879 for the Brinley copy (now in the New
York Public Library, Lenox collection). Col. Thomas
Aspinwall's copy, which brought 3s. 6d. in 1820,
realized $610 at the Barlow sale in 1890. The most
recent sale of the New Testament was in April, 1903,
when the Appleton copy brought $590, having pre-
viously fetched $310 at the Livermore sale in 1894.
In September, 1662, the Commissioners wrote to
Robert Boyle: "the bible is now about halfe done;
the other halfe is like to bee finished in a yeare."
The printing of the Old Testament was finished
before the next meeting of the Commissioners, in
September, 1663; and in December of that year that
84
extraordinary result of persevering industry and
pious zeal, the entire Bible in Indian, was published
in an edition of one or perhaps two thousand copies.
Twenty copies in sheets, sent to the Corporation in
England for presentation purposes, were uniformly
bound in dark blue morocco. One of these was given
to Charles II April 21, 1664, but cannot be traced to-
day. Another, given to Mary Armyne, who made
large gifts of money to the society which supported
Eliot's work, is to-day the highest priced of all copies
of the book. Presented to this lady in 1664, it was
later owned by Philip Yorke, first Earl of Hardwicke
and Lord Chancellor of England from 1737 to 1756,
"the most eminent lawyer that ever sat on the wool-
sack." After the death of the Right Hon. Charles Philip
Yorke, the fourth Earl, a portion of the Hardwicke
library was removed from Wimpole House to London,
and sold by auction June 29, 1888, when this Bible,
perhaps the finest of all known copies, was purchased
for Charles H. Kalbfleisch, of Brooklyn, for £580. A
few years later it was privately sold to Marshall C.
Lefferts, of New York City, and at the private dis-
persion of Mr. Lefferts's collection, in the fall of 1901,
was secured by Mr. E. Dwight Church for about $5,000.
The second highest auction price for the book is the
£370 given in London, in July, 1902, for another of the
presentation copies. The latter is not merely a book
of rarity and value, but a book with a history and a
provenance of distinction, ennobled and dignified by
a long line of illustrious possessors, as a distinguished
ancestry adorns a family. We know little of its early
85
history, but in the late '50's it was sold as a duplicate
by the Bodleian Library, of Oxford. Henry Stevens,
of Vermont, then of London, through whose hands
passed so many Cambridge books, secured it, and in
1861 sold it to James T. Bruce, of New York City, for
one hundred guineas. The Bruce library was sold
at auction in 1868, and this Bible was purchased for
$1,130 by John A. Rice, of Chicago, George Brinley,
of Hartford, being the under-bidder at $1,127.50. At
the Rice sale in 1870 the book was resold for $1,050,
and passed into the hands of William Menzies, of New
York City, who had it rebound in brown morocco by
Francis Bedford, most famous of English binders. In
1876 the Menzies library was sold in New York, and
this volume became the property of Joseph J. Cooke,
of Providence, for the reduced sum of $900. Brayton
Ives, of New York City, was the next owner, paying
$1,250 for it at the Cooke sale in 1883. Eight years later
Mr. Ives sold his magnificent book-collection, and this
highly treasured American Bible realized $1,650. The
next owner was Clarence S. Bement, of Philadelphia,
who soon sold it again privately. It then became a
notable part of Mr. Church's collection, but upon his
purchase of the Armyne-Hardwicke-Kalbfleisch-Lef-
ferts copy, passed into the hands of the purchaser of
the Lefferts library. Consigned to London for sale at
auction in 1902, it was resold, as we have noted, for
£370, and passed immediately into the possession of a
new American owner, after having been the feature of
seven great native libraries. The complete story of its
wanderings since it left the press of Samuel Green and
86

844
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406
190
90
900
906
500
90
90
90
90
THE
HOLY BIBLE:
CONTAINING THE
OLD TESTAMENT
AND THE NEW.
900
90
90
900
Tranflated into the
INDIAN LANGUAGE
AND
Ordered to be Printed by the Commiffioners of the United Colonies
in NEW-ENGLAND,
At the Charge, and with the Confent of the
CORPORATION IN ENGLAND
For the Propagation of the Gospel amongst the Indians
in New-En, land.
息​の
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息​の
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90
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CAMBRIDGE:
Printed by Samuel Green and Marmaduke fohofone
MDCLXIII.
90
90
98
90
90
90
90
90
The Eliot Indian Bible. 1663
H
30
98
900
UNIV
OF
H
Marmaduke Johnson in Cambridge two hundred and
forty-two years ago would read almost like a fairy tale.
The only copy known to have been in Eliot's pos-
session is now in the library of J. Pierpont Morgan,
who secured it in 1900 with the collection of the late
Theodore Irwin, of Oswego, which he purchased
en bloc. One leaf bears this inscription: "Thomas
Shepard's book, 2, 6, 1666, ye gift of ye Revd Trans-
lator." This was the Rev. Thomas Shepard, who was
born in 1635, graduated at Harvard in 1653, and was
minister in Charlestown from 1659 until his death in
1677. It contains a leaf not to be found in most of the
extant copies. Sir William Ashurst's copy, sold at the
third Brinley sale, 1881, for $900, was acquired by Mrs.
Ralph L. Cutter, of Brooklyn, a direct descendant of
John Eliot. This is one of the most remarkable of the
presentation or dedication copies. Thirty copies were
known to Mr. Eames in 1891, when he published his
"Bibliographic Notes on Eliot's Indian Bible," the
standard authority upon everything connected with
the Indian Apostle. To his fascinating pages we refer
the readers who desire an intimate knowledge of the
first Bible printed here in any tongue-that precious
memorial of a forgotten nation, whose language, at
the beginning of the seventeenth century, "was spoken
over an area of territory half as large as Europe."
In November, 1663, Richard Baxter wrote to Eliot:
"Methinks the Assemblies Catechism should be next
the holy Scriptures, most worthy of your Labours."
Although made and printed, this translation has not
been seen in our time. Eliot's next translation in Indian
87
3.
was Baxter's "Call to the Unconverted," first printed
in London in 1657. It was finished on the last day of
1663, sent to the press early in 1664, and published
before August 25th of the same year in an edition of
one thousand copies. It is now represented only by
the second edition of 1688, printed by Samuel Green,
five copies of which were described by Mr. Eames. In
1665 Eliot finished a translation of Lewis Bayly's
"Practice of Piety," one of the most popular of the
religious books of the seventeenth century, and two
hundred copies were printed by Green in the same
year. Three copies were known to Mr. Eames, one
of which was bought for $205 for the library of Yale
College at the first Brinley sale. The second edition,
printed by Green, is dated 1685, but was evidently
issued during the summer of 1686. August 29, 1686,
Eliot wrote to Boyle: "Our Indian work yet liveth,
praised be God; the bible is come forth [the second
edition, finished in 1685], many hundreds bound up,
and dispersed to the Indians, whose thankfulness I
intimate and testify to your hononr. The Practice of
Piety is also finished, and beginneth to be bound up."
Six copies are known, all save one in public libraries.
Eliot's next Indian publication was "The Indian
Grammar Begun: or, An Essay to bring the Indian
Language into Rules.. Cambridge: Printed by
Marmaduke Johnson. 1666," prepared with the help
of his sons, John and Joseph. According to the records
of the Commissioners, four hundred and fifty copies
were bound in 1667; some copies may have been sent
to England, "to be bound there for presents," and the
88
entire edition could not have exceeded five hundred
copies. Eight perfect examples of the book were re-
corded by Mr. Eames. The fine Lenox copy seems to
be the one which brought £45 10s. in London, in May,
1859. The Brinley copy, which sold low in 1879 to Dr.
Trumbull, is now in the Watkinson Library, Hartford.
The book is a well-printed quarto of pages (4), 66.
Thomas assigned it to Green's press about 1664, but
could not have seen a copy, as he says "no year is
mentioned" and further describes it as occasionally
bound with the "Psalter," in small octavo. In 1672
Marmaduke Johnson printed for the use of the Indian
seminary at Natick one thousand copies of Eliot's
"Logick Primer. Some Logical Notions to initiate the
Indians in the knowledge of the Rule of Reason; and
to know how to make use thereof;" but the British
Museum copy is the only extant example. This little
work, a 32mo of forty unnumbered leaves, is given in
the Massachusetts Indian language, with a verbatim
English interlinear translation. It was issued before
September 6, 1672, when the Commissioners, meeting
at New Plymouth, resolved that: "Mr. Hezekiah
Vsher is ordered to pay out of the Indian Stocke in his
custody. . . . To Marmaduke Johnson for printing
stiching and cuting of a thousand Indian Logick
Primers," £6.
In 1680 a second, revised edition of the Indian New
Testament, prepared with the assistance of John
Cotton, of Plymouth, was put to press, but was not
published until the autumn or winter of the following
year, although the title-page is dated 1680. Many
89
copies of the first edition had been "spoyled & lost"
during the war with Philip, and the great need of
Bibles made Eliot "meditate upon a 2d imprssion."
Calling Cotton to his aid, Eliot "accordingly tooke
pains to revise the first edition." He obtained authority
for the printing of a new edition, but, as he wrote,
"met wth much obstruction for reprinting the old
testamt, yet by prayre to God, Patience & intreatye,
at last obteined yt also." Twenty-five hundred copies
were issued of the New Testament, a few of which
may have been bound up separately for immediate use.
Two thousand copies were kept to be added to the
Old Testament, issued from the press in the fall of
1685. Of the completed Bible, published in an edition
of two thousand copies at a cost of £900, Mr. Eames
was able to trace fifty-five examples. The highest
auction price is $950, given in 1884 for the Hastings-
Brinley-Murphy copy, now in the John Carter Brown
library. The present value of a fine copy is doubtless
largely in excess of this sum.
An Indian translation of Shepard's "Sincere Con-
vert," made about 1664, but not printed until 1689, was
the last of John Eliot's publications in the native
language, his death occurring in Roxbury, May 21,1690,
in the eighty-sixth year of his age. It was revised for
the press by Grindal Rawson, and was printed by
Samuel Green. Mr. Eames recorded four perfect
copies. In 1691 Rawson published his own translation
of Cotton's "Spiritual Milk for Babes." This little
rarity, printed by Samuel Green and his youngest son,
Bartholomew, is the last of the Indian books issued in
90
Cambridge. One year later the press was inactive,
printing in the first American home of typography
being at an end. Mr. Eames mentioned five copies of
Rawson's translation-the seventh Indian catechism.
Some examples were bound with the 1689 edition of
"The Sincere Convert." The New York Public
Library (Lenox collection) contains a copy of each
work, which were evidently bound together at one
time, although they have been separated for a long
period. Their former owner, an ardent contemporary
admirer of the Apostle to the Indians, wrote on the
verso of a blank leaf facing the title of "The Sincere
Convert:" "This Mr. Eliot translated all the Bible
into this N. American Language. O si sic omnia
fecisset!"
91
VII
THE NEXT FOUR YEARS OF THE PRESS
1661-1664
WHEN Marmaduke Johnson, the new Cambridge
printer, arrived in New England in the summer of
1660, the production of the Indian New Testament
was well advanced, Green, aided by a native apprentice,
having printed off a considerable portion-sheets A to
L, Matthew to John. In addition to his labors on the
New Testament, Johnson evidently assisted Green in
the printing of two works, which properly belong in
this chapter, although issued before 1661: John Nor-
ton's Boston catechism, made for the use of the
children of his congregation, and “An Almanack for
the Year 1661. By S. C. [Samuel Cheever]," the first,
dated 1660, probably issued during the fall of that year,
the latter issued during the last month of 1660 and
post dated, both books bearing the initials of the two
printers. Norton, who had been minister of the church
in Ipswich from the latter part of 1638 until 1652, when
he was called to the first church in Boston to succeed
John Cotton, was the author of two catechisms, a
larger and a lesser. The former, prepared during his
ministry in Ipswich, was printed in London in 1648
with this title: "A Brief and Excellent Treatise con-
taining the Doctrine of Godlinesse, or Living unto God.
92
Wherein the Body of Divinity is substantially proposed
and methodically digested, by way of Question and
Answer." No Cambridge edition of this catechism is
known to have been printed. The lesser catechism,
prepared for the children of his Boston flock, was
printed in Cambridge three years before his death, and
has a somewhat similar title: "A Brief Catechisme
Containing the Doctrine of Godlines, or of living unto
God." It is a small octavo of twenty-two pages. In
his "Early New England Catechisms" Wilberforce
Eames describes two copies (apparently the only ones
known): the George Livermore example, perfect
(now in the New York Public Library, Lenox collec-
tion), and the Massachusetts Historical Society copy,
which lacks the title-page. According to Prince's
manuscript catalogue, a second edition of the Boston
catechism was printed in Cambridge in 1666, probably
by the same printers; but this later edition has not
been found.
During the first half of 1661 the two printers were
busily engaged with the issuing of the Indian New
Testament, which was published at the end of the
summer of that year. An imprint assigned to 1661, on
unsatisfactory evidence, and supposed to have been
printed by Green alone, is a second edition of "A
Short Catechism," by James Noyes,-the Newbury
catechism, which, according to tradition, was printed
in compliance with the recommendation of the General
Court by Stephen Daye in 1641. The "first" edition is
not known, nor do we know of the "second" edition.
A "third" edition (Boston, 1676), mentioned in Haven's
93
list, is also unknown to us, the earliest extant edition
of this little catechism, made for the religious instruc-
tion of the children of the Newbury church, being the
one printed in Boston in 1694 by Bartholomew Green,
a son of Samuel Green. The almanac for 1662, printed
toward the end of 1661, was by Nathaniel Chauncy,
and was printed by Green alone. The Brinley copy is
in the Library of Congress.
Of the four known imprints of 1662, two have dis-
appeared: the first edition of Michael Wigglesworth's
"Day of Doom," the most widely circulated poetical
volume in New England during the seventeenth
century, and the second edition of Eliot's short
catechism for the use of the Indians, which was first
printed in 1654. A third imprint of 1662 was Israel
Chauncy's "Almanack for the Year 1663;” a fourth
was Jonathan Mitchel's "Propositions concerning the
Subject of Baptism and Consociation of Churches,
Collected and Confirmed out of the Word of God, by
a Synod of Elders and Messengers of the Churches
Assembled at Boston In the Year 1662," the original
edition of the result of the Synod of 1662, "Printed by
S. G. for Hezekiah Usher at Boston in New-England.”
The latter work does not bear Mitchel's name, but
Cotton Mather says: "Chiefly of his [Mitchel's]
Composure, and when a most Elaborate Answer to
that Result was published by some very worthy Per-
sons, that were then Dissenters, the Hardest Service
in the Defence was assigned to him."
Copies of the "Propositions" are in the American
Antiquarian Society, Boston Public Library, John
94
Carter Brown, Massachusetts Historical Society col-
lections, etc. The Rev. Jonathan Mitchel (or Mitchell;
Sibley gives the former form of spelling), born in
Yorkshire, England, in 1624, died in Cambridge, July 9,
1668, was styled "the darling of his time," "the
matchless Mr. Mitchel," etc. He was one of the seven
graduates at Harvard in 1647, his name figuring in the
Theses for that year, an imperfect copy of which is
preserved in the library of the Massachusetts Historical
Society. On October 8, 1662, the General Court ap-
pointed Mitchel and Captain Daniel Gookin licensers
of the Cambridge Press, recommending that "Mr.
Mitchell doe take the oversight of the same at the
presse, for the preventing of any erratas."
Early New England poetry shares with early Ameri-
can almanacs and early New England Primers the
distinction of being extraordinarily rare. "The Day
of Doom," a versification of the Scriptural account of
the Last Judgment, is a striking illustration of this
fact, the earliest issues being lost to us, although four
editions are thought to have been printed in Cambridge
1662-1683. Its author (born in England in 1631, died in
Massachusetts in 1705) was one of the numerous New
England divines of English birth who wrote verses
which are merely rare curiosities to-day. Yet, with
the exceptions of the Bible, the Shorter Catechism,
and the New England Primer, "The Day of Doom"
was the most popular book of the colonial days.
Cotton Mather thought it would be read until the
"Day of Doom" itself would arrive, but, although
eighteen hundred copies were issued of the first edition
95
(the second, third, and fourth editions, perhaps, being
equally large), no edition has come down to us with an
early date. The very popularity of the book wore it
out, indeed, for this gloomy "Poetical Description of
the Great and Last Judgment-" this "blazing and
sulphurous poem," as Prof. Tyler called it-was to be
found in every Puritan home. As Sibley, in his
"Harvard Graduates," observed: "This work repre-
sented the theology of the day, and, for a century,
with the exception, perhaps, of the Bible, was more
popular throughout New England than any other that
can be named. It passed through several editions in
book-form, besides being printed on broadsides and
hawked about the country. As late as the early part
of the last century [the Nineteenth] many persons
could repeat the whole or large portions of it."
11
Wigglesworth, who graduated at Harvard in 1651,
was the earliest poet among the graduates of the little
Cambridge college. There were earlier graduates, as
Dr. Green notes, who indulged at times in versification,
but their attempts were confined to elegies, and short
poems on minor occasions, and were not considered
of literary importance. A "feeble shadow of a man,'
who sorrowed and ailed all his life, Wigglesworth's
protracted physical infirmities and sufferings deepened
his convictions of the truth of the theological doctrines
of the Puritans, and he was inspired to express them
in verse. According to Cotton Mather, his "Sickly
Constitution so prevailed upon him as to confine him,
from his Publick Work, for some whole Sevens of
years. His Faithfulness continued, when his Ministry
96
was thus interrupted. The Kindness of his Tender
Flock unto him, was answered in his Kind concern to
have them Served by other Hands. . . . And that he
might yet more Faithfully set himself to do Good,
when he could not Preach, he Wrote several Com-
posures, wherein he proposed the Edification of such
Readers, as are for Truths dressed up in a Plain
Meeter."
These "Composures," written, indeed, in a painfully
"Plain Meeter," were three in number: "The Day
of Doom," first published in 1662; "God's Contro-
versy with New England," describing "New England
planted, prospered, declining, threatened, punished"
(written "in the tine of the Great Drought" [1662]
but not printed until 1871); and "Meat out of the
Eater," first issued in 1670. "The Day of Doom,” the
most pretentious and best known of this poetical trio,
was first printed, without doubt, by Green and John-
son in Cambridge in 1662. No copy of this first
edition seems to be known, although, on Wiggles-
worth's own statement as authority, eighteen hun-
dred copies came from the press ("of 1800 there were
scarce any unsold, or but few, at ye yeer's end"). In
the library of the New England Historic Genealogical
Society is a fragment of "The Day of Doom," which
John Ward Dean (who devoted much attention to
Wigglesworth), Dr. Samuel A. Green, and other bibli-
ographical experts believed once belonged to a copy
of the first edition, 1662. The font of type used and
certain ornamental initial letters and border pieces
led Dr. Green to believe that this fragment belongs
7.
97
to an edition "probably printed by Samuel Green at
Cambridge." It does not contain marginal notes or
Scriptural allusions, resembling, in this respect, the
London editions of 1666 and 1673, which were doubt-
less reprinted from the first Cambridge edition.
The second edition of "The Day of Doom" was un-
questionably printed in Cambridge by Samuel Green
in 1666. This edition seems to have contained the
marginal notes, which were evidently used in the
third Cambridge edition (circa 1673), in the fourth
Cambridge edition (circa 1683), in the fifth Ameri-
can edition (Boston, 1701), and in later issues of the
poem. The use of the notes in the second Cambridge
edition is referred to as follows in a statement by the
author, found in one of his manuscript note-books
(now in the possession of the New England Historic
Genealogical Society): "About 4 Yeers after [1666]
they ['The Day of Doom'] were reprinted wth my
consent, & I gave them the proofs & Margin. notes
to affix." The Massachusetts Historical Society has
a defective copy of "The Day of Doom," lacking the
title-page and the three following leaves, which be-
longs, perhaps, to the second edition, as it contains
a number of the Scriptural references in the margins.
These marginal notes "are fewer, for the most part,
than they are in the fifth and later editions which
contain the same references though slightly ampli-
fied," and there is little doubt that this copy is a part
of the lost second edition of 1666. Dr. Green, who
makes no definite statement as to this, declares that
"this copy of the poem is certainly a specimen of very
98
early printing," and points out that similar border
pieces were used by Samuel Green, the printer of the
poem, in the law book of 1660, the Indian New
Testament of 1661, the complete Indian Bible of 1663,
Cotton's "Discourse about Civil Government in a
New Plantation," 1663, and Norton's "Three Choice
and Profitable Sermons," 1664, to mention only a few
imprints of the same period.
The earliest known edition of "The Day of Doom"
is the Boston edition of 1701, printed by Bartholo-
mew Green and John Allen for Benjamín Eliot,
which is called by the publisher "The Fifth Edition,
enlarged with Scripture and Marginal Notes." Dr.
Green says that the "Fifth Edition" might mean the
fifth generally, or the fifth American edition; but
there seems no reason to believe that Eliot included
in his calculation the London reprints of 1666 and
1673, which were surreptitiously printed, without
doubt, from the first Cambridge edition. We have,
then, six editions of the poem issued before the
eighteenth century: (1) Cambridge, 1662; (2) Cam-
bridge, 1666; (3) London, 1666 (doubtless a reprint of
the edition of 1662); (4) Cambridge, 1673; (5) London,
1673 (a reprint of the first edition); and (6) Cambridge,
1683. No perfect copies of the four Cambridge editions
are known-the editions of 1662 and of 1666 are rep-
resented, perhaps, by fragments. The London edition
of 1666 seems to exist in the unique copy in the
British Museum; the London edition of 1673 is less
rare, as there are copies in the British Museum, in the
New York Public Library (Lenox collection), in the
99
Boston Public Library (Prince collection), and in a
private library in Boston. The Boston edition of 1701,
the earliest American edition represented by a com-
plete copy, possesses considerable rarity, but several
copies can be traced and others doubtless exist.
The rarest imprint of 1663, a year distinguished by
the appearance of the complete Indian Bible, is the
Hampton catechism, "A Brief Summe of the cheif
articles of our Christian Faith, Composed in way of
Question and Answer, Now Published, especially for
the Benefit of the Town of Hampton. Cambridg,
Printed by Samuel Green, 1663," which is represented
to-day by the unique copy in the New York Public
Library (Lenox collection). It was made by Seaborn
Cotton, John Cotton's eldest son by his second wife,
who was born at sea Aug. 12, 1633, in "The Griffin,"
while his parents were voyaging to New England;
and was named "Seaborne" from the circumstance
of his birth. He was a graduate of Harvard in 1651,
and in 1657 began to preach at Hampton (then in
Massachusetts, now in New Hampshire), where he
died in 1686. Even in Cotton Mather's days his cate-
chism was so rare that the greatest of Seventeenth
Century New Englanders stated merely that Seaborn
Cotton was the author of a catechism, adding: “We
know nothing of the character of this work, nor
whether any copies are still extant." Sabin's "Diction-
ary of Books Relating to America" copies the title
from Prince's manuscript catalogue of his "New Eng-
land Library;" but its compiler had seen "no other
notice of the pamphlet, which has probably perished."
100
Even Sibley was unaware that a copy was in existence,
and could give only Prince's transcript of the original
title-page in his "Harvard Graduates." The George
Livermore copy, acknowledged to be unique, was
extant, however, in Sibley's time, and was a part of
that remarkable collection of early New England
catechisms, gathered by a contemporary of the Rev.
Thomas Prince, which has been previously referred
to. The New York Public Library (Lenox collection)
acquired it at the Livermore sale in 1894.
John Higginson's "Cause of God and his People
in New-England, as it was Stated and Discussed in a
Sermon Preached before the Honourable General
Court of the Massachusetts Colony, on the 27 day of
May 1663, Being the Day of Election at Boston,"
printed by Green in the summer of 1663 and familiarly
known as "the first Massachusetts election sermon
which was printed," has long been prized as the
earliest published example of that lengthy series of
annual addresses. Richard Mather'selection sermon of
1644, which was ordered to be printed by the General
Court, but apparently never came from the press,
would have robbed Higginson's discourse of its unique
distinction had it been printed. This, apparently,
was not done, and "The Cause of God and his
People in New-England" is therefore, as Cotton
Mather said, "The First Born by way of the Press,
of all the Election Sermons that we have in our
Libraries."
Three other religious discourses figure among the
imprints of 1663: Thomas Shepard's "Church-Mem-
101
bership of Children and their Right to Baptisme,"
printed by Green alone: "A Discourse about Civil
Government in a New Plantation whose Design is
Religion," and "Another Essay for Investigation of
the Truth, in Answer to Two Questions, Concerning
I. The Subject of Baptism. II. The Consociation of
Churches," the two latter by John Davenport and
printed by Green and Johnson. The title-page of
Davenport's "Discourse about Civil Government"
wrongly contains the name of John Cotton, placed
there, by mistake, for that of the real author. "An-
other Essay for Investigation of the Truth" contains
an "Apologetical Preface to the Reader" of sixteen
pages, by Increase Mather, in which reference is
made to "the first Essay of this Reverend Author, in
manuscript." This "first Essay" was never printed.
Hence the title: "Another Essay," etc. The year's
imprints include "Severall Laws and Orders Made at
the Severall General Courts in the Years 1661, 1662,
1663," printed by Green, which was issued as a
supplement to the "Book of General Laws” of 1660.
The almanac for 1664, printed by Green and Johnson
toward the end of 1663, was compiled by Israel
Chauncy.
One of the leading controversies of this period had
special reference to the proper subjects of baptism.
The decision of the Synod of 1662 was in favor of
the doctrine that persons who had been baptized in
infancy, and whose lives were not immoral, might
claim the ordinance in behalf of their children. This
was strongly opposed by several ministers, one of
102
whom was President Charles Chauncy, of Harvard
College, who prepared a work entitled "Anti-
Synodalia Scripta Americana, or a Proposal of the
Judgment of the Dissenting Messengers," which was
printed in London in 1662, attached to a reprint of
Mitchel's "Propositions concerning the Subject of
Baptism and Consociation of Churches." To this
work John Allin, of Dedham, replied in "Animad-
versions upon the Antisynodalia Americana, a Treatise
Printed in Old England, in the Name of the Dissenting
Brethren in the Synod held at Boston, 1662," a volume
of extreme rarity, printed by Green and Johnson in
Cambridge in 1664 for Hezekiah Usher, the Boston
bookseller. Another contribution to the literature
of the subject, also printed by the two printers in
1664, was the controversial "Defence of the Answer
and Arguments of the Synod met at Boston in the
year 1662, against the Reply made thereto by the
Reverend John Davenport. Together with An
Answer to the Apologetical Preface set before that
Essay." Of this work, the first forty-six pages,
designated "An Answer" on the title-page, were by
Jonathan Mitchel; the "Defence," filling one hundred
and two pages, was by Richard Mather. The Brinley
copy, now in the New York Public Library (Lenox
collection), was presented by Mather to Thomas
Shepard.
With the exceptions of a second supplement to the
law book of 1660, a broadside called “Conditions for
New Planters in the Territories of the Duke of York,"
and Alex. Nowell's "Almanack for the Year 1665,"
103
all printed by Green, the other imprints of the year
were religious in character. Two of these were post-
humous works: "The Sincere Convert, discouvering
the paucity of True Believers and the great difficulty
of Saving Conversion," by Thomas Shepard, the
elder; and "Three Choice and Profitable Sermons.
Upon Severall Texts of Scripture," by John Norton.
"The Sincere Convert," later printed in Cambridge.
in an Indian version, by Eliot, was first printed in
London in 1641, and ran through many English and
American editions. The Cambridge edition, the
first edition issued here, is rare. Norton's book con-
tains, at the end, with continuous signatures but with
independent paging and separate title-page, "A Copy
of the Letter Returned by the Ministers of New-
England to Mr. John Dury about his Pacification."
Both works were printed by Green and Johnson.
Another example from their press, and a work of
equal rarity, is "A Discourse of the Last Judgment:
or, Short Notes upon Matt. xxv. from Ver. 31. to
the end of the chapter," by Samuel Whiting, pastor
of the church in Lynn. According to Dr. Trumbull
(Brinley catalogue, Part I), this work had not been
found by him in any library catalogue which he had
consulted. Several copies are now known.
104
VIII
THE FOURTH CAMBRIDGE PRINTER
1665-1674
As we have seen, Marmaduke Johnson, the fourth
Cambridge printer, came from England in the summer
of 1660, under the auspices of the Corporation for the
Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians, to
assist in the printing of John Eliot's Indian Bible.
Writing in October, 1658, Eliot had requested Richard
Floyd, the treasurer of the Corporation, to "hire some
honest young man, who hath skill to compose (and
the more skill in other parts of the work, the better),
send him over as your servant, pay him there to his
content, or ingage payment, let him serve you here
in New-England at the presse in Harvard Colledge,
and work under the Colledg Printer, in impressing
the Bible in the Indian language."
Nothing is known of Johnson's early history. He
had been bred a printer, however, and from the work-
manship in the books printed by him in Cambridge
one can see that he had been well trained. His title-
pages, neatly set out, are attractive in appearance and
superior to those of the two Dayes or Samuel Green,
and his presswork, for the most part, is good. When he
arrived in Cambridge, a portion (Matthew to John) of
105
the Indian Bible, upon which he had been engaged to
work, had been printed off by Green, aided by an Indian
apprentice. With his assistance, the printing rapidly
proceeded, and in September, 1661, the Commissioners
wrote to Richard Hutchinson and William Ashurst
in England: "The New Testament is alreddy finished
and of all the old the fiue bookes of Moses." A year
later the Commissioners wrote to Boyle: "The bible
is now about halfe done; and constant progresse
therin is made; the other halfe is like to bee finished
in a yeare."
Johnson's behavior about this time had seriously
delayed the printing of the Bible, and "constant
progresse" had not been made. The Commissioners,
writing in September, 1662, to Boyle, referred as
follows to his misconduct: "It pleased the honored
Corporation to send ouer one Marmaduke Johnson,
a printer, to attend the worke on Condition as they
will enforme you; whoe hath Caryed heer very
vnworthly of which hee hath bine openly Convicted
and sencured in some of our Courts although as yett
noe execution of sentence; peculiare fauor haueing
bine showed him with respect to the Corporation
that sent him ouer; but notwithstanding all patience
and lenitie vsed towards him hee hath proued uery
idle and naught and absented himselfe from the worke
more than halfe a yeare att one time; for want of
whose assistance the printer by his agreement with
vs was to haue the allowance of 21 lb. the which is to
bee defallcated out of his sallery in England.” In
reply to this letter, Boyle wrote from London April
106
9, 1663: "Wee hope the bible wilbee finished by the
Returne of the Shipps and then and not before wee
desire to Receiue some from you. . . . Conserning
Marmeduke Johnson, the Printer, wee are sorry hee
hath so miscarryed by which meanes the printing of
the bible hath bin retarded we are resolved to default
the 21 lb. you mention out of his sallary; Mr. Elliott
whose letter beares date three monthes after youers
writes that, Johnson is againe Returned into the worke
whose brother alsoe hath bine with vs and gives vs
great assurance of his brother's Reformation and
following his busines dilligently for the time to come;
and hee being (as Mr. Elliott writes) an able and
vsefull man in the presse wee haue thought fitt further
to make tryall of him for one yeare longer and the
rather because vpon Mr. Elliotts motion and the
goodnes of the worke; wee haue thought fitt and
ordered that the Psalmes of Dauid in meter shalbee
printed in the Indian language; and soe wee hope
that the said Johnson performing his promise of
amendement for time to come may bee vsefull in the
furthering of this worke which wee soe much desire
the finnishing of."
Before the next meeting of the Commissioners the
printing of the Old Testament was finished, and in
September, 1663, they wrote to the Corporation in
England as follows: "Some time after our last letter
Marmaduke Johnson Returned to the Presse and hath
carried himselfe Indifferently well since soe farr as
wee know but the bible being finished and little other
worke presenting, wee dismissed him att the end of the
107
tearme you had contracted with him for; but vnder-
standing youer honorable Corporation hath agreed
with him for another yeare; wee shall Indeavour to
Imploy him as wee can by printing the psalmes and
another little Treatise of Mr. Baxters which Mr. Elliott
istranslateing into the Indian language which is thought
may bee vsefull and profitable to the Indians." The
'psalmes" referred to was an Indian metrical version,
based on the English metrical version of "The Bay
Psalm Book" of 1640. After this had been finished at
the press, probably in November or December, 1663,
it was appended to the Bible, and the book was sent to
the binder. The "little Treatise of Mr. Baxters" is
Richard Baxter's "Call to the Unconverted," first
printed in London in 1657, which Eliot had translated
into the Massachusetts Indian language. The records
of the Commissioners show that it was printed in 1664
by Marmaduke Johnson, "with our owne printer,"
Samuel Green, and that one thousand copies were
issued. No copy is now known to be extant, our
knowledge of the work being obtained from the second
edition in Indian, reprinted twenty-four years later in
Cambridge by Green, several copies of which exist.
In August, 1664, Johnson's term of engagement was
at an end. On August 25, 1664, Eliot wrote to the
Commissioners at Hartford: "Touching the Presse, I
thank God & yourselves for the good successe of the
work in it. . . . . . My request, in respect to Mr.
Johnson, is, that seeing the Lord hath made him
instrumentall to finish the Bible, and Baxter, and is
now returning for Engld, you would please to give
108
him his due incouragmt, and such further countenance
and commendation, as your wisdoms shall see meet
to afford him." When the Commissioners met in
September of the same year, they wrote to the Cor-
poration: "Wee dismissed Marmeduke Johnson, the
Printer, att the end of his tearme agreed for hauing
Improued him as well as wee could for the yeare past
by imploying him with our owne printer to print
such Indian workes as could be prepared which hee
was not able to doe alone with such other English
Treatises which did present; for which allowance
hath bine made proportionable to his laboure." The
Commissioners seem to have had no intention of
further employing Johnson, as they stated in the same
letter: "For after time wee hope to haue all books
for the Indians vse vpon ezier tearmes by our owene
printer especially if it please youer honors to send
ouer a fonte of Pica letters Roman and Italian which
are much wanteing for printeing the practice of piety
and other workes."
The first attempt to restrict the liberty of the press
in Cambridge was made in 1655, but the bill passed
only one branch of the legislature. A successful
endeavor was made in October, 1662, when the
General Court appointed two licensers, the Rev.
Jonathan Mitchel and Captain Daniel Gookin, with-
out whose "allowance" or approval nothing could
be printed. At the next session of the legislature,
in June, 1663, this law was repealed. An important
contemporary document, still extant, is of extreme
interest in relation to the repealing of the law. This
109
document (which is reproduced in the present work
from the unique original) gives the disposition of
Thomas Danforth, "In behalfe of ye owners of ye
presse & printers," and strongly protests against the
arbitrary methods of the licensers. In 1665 the law
was re-enacted, however, with an additional require-
ment concerning the place of printing. This restric-
tion, which was aimed at Johnson, who had recently
returned to the colony with a new printing press and
"letters" (type), reads as follows:
May 27, 1665:
Ffor the prventinge of Irregularities & abuse to
the Authoritie of the Country by the printinge
presse
It is Ordered by this Court & authoritie thereof
there shalbe no printing presses allowed in any towne
within this Jurisdiction but in Cambridge nor shall
any Pson or Psons prsume to print any coppie but by
the allowance first had & obtayned under the hands
of such as this Court shall from time to time empowre
thereunto, & for the prsent doe nominate & empowre
Capt. Daniel Gookin mr. Tho: Danforth prsent prsi-
dent of the Colledge & mr. Jonathan Mitchell or any
three of them duely to survay such coppie or coppies
as afforesd & in case of non observance of this order
to forfeit the prese to the country & be disabled
from using any such professio wthin this Jurisdictio
for the time to come, provided this order shall not
extend to the obstruction of any Coppie which this
Court shall judge meet to order to be published in
print the deputs have past this desireinge the consent
of or Honord magists.
110

1663
many
Grub
Λ
L
Whereas at it last sessions of the dourt day. Daniel. Gookin. &
mr Mitocall were nominated & impoured for the allowing of such
Coppies as we we
fented to or printing press at dambridge.
who refuring to allow of and doppiss. or to accort je krnſt
The interruption thereby is greatly to the
Damage of the printer. I owney of the prosse. Who do
Court other of
Joyntly desire the favor of this home cour
tomisted do
ym.
A
that some other most person
may be imposed grüß
are willing to aur pt such a trust
A
'
other
write yet intanglend
howly que rep on the printer, & owner of the powſe may be released
Thomas Danforth. In behalfe of the
Founder of gue stress & printen.
The Court ser muito to set the
meets
till
thys Court that fat cataly
Botgron Fests
theen the deputs Consenting
Dow: Lawson Jour
June 1663.
The Doputh Consent poroto
William
Dorry
A Lorne
The Order of the General Court, June, 1663, repealing the act of October, 1662, when the liberty of the press
was restricted in Cambridge, and two licensers were appointed. An exact facsimile from the
original document, in the possession of The University Press, Cambridge,
Mass., by whose courtesy it is here reproduced
UNIV
OF
MI
Johnson's intention to set up his press in Boston
was successfully frustrated by this act, which was
passed especially to prevent him. In a petition to the
General Court, in February, 1668, he declared that
"Yor petitioner by the good hand & providence of
God returning from England in the year 1665 with
his printing press, & letters, and finding no law of
the Country, nor order of any Court to prohibit ye
Exercise of his calling in any town, or place con-
venient within this Jurisdiction, did apply himself
(according to the Custome of strangers) to the Select-
men of the Town of Boston, for their admittance of
him into that town to inhabit: In which juncture of
time, yor petitorioner was informed that an order had
passed this Honored Court, próhibiting the Exercise
of printing in any town within this Jurisdiction, save
only at Cambridge." "Whereupon," Johnson con-
tinued, "yor petitioner did yield ready obedience
thereunto, and tooke Cambridge for his place of
abode."
During the period extending from the spring of
1665 to the fall of 1674 Johnson printed in Cambridge
at his new press thirty-nine books and pamphlets,
both singly and in conjunction with Green. Haven's
list of early American imprints (in the second edition
of Thomas's "History of Printing in America") gives
the titles of ten works issued by Johnson alone during
this decade: the bibliographical list at the end of this
volume gives the titles of twenty works printed by
him during this period. Nineteen works were issued
in connection with Green. There was doubtless no
III
regular partnership between the two printers, how-
ever, but, as Dr. Green has suggested, their presses
were presumably set up in the same building, and
perhaps in the same room, which partly accounts for
their close business relations. At this time Green's
press was worked in the Indian College, which was
used "to accommodate English scholars, and for
placing and using a printing press belonging to the
College."
The first book printed independently by Johnson at
his new press is one of the rarest works in the long
list of the rare publications of the Indian Apostle-
John Eliot's "Communion of Churches: or, The
Divine Management of Gospel Churches by the Or-
dinance of Councils, Constituted in Order according
to the Scriptures..
Written by John Eliot,
Teacher of Roxbury in N. E.," which, printed in 1665,
has long had the distinction of being "the first
privately printed American book." The verso of
the title-page reads: "Although a few Copies of this
small Script are Printed; yet it is not published, onely
committed privately to some Godly and Able hands,
to be Viewed, Corrected, Amended, or Rejected, as it
shall be found to hold weight in the Sanctuary Ballance
or not. . . . The procuring of half so many copies.
written and corrected, would be more difficult and
chargeable, then the Printing of these few." The
object of the tract was to "defend the utility of councils
or synods, and to inculcate respect for their decisions,
as the safeguards of order, discipline, and purity of
faith in the churches." The Menzies copy, uncut.
112
and with manuscript alterations by a contemporary
hand (perhaps by Eliot), sold for $155 in 1876, and
was believed by Joseph Sabin to be unique. The
Brinley copy, uncut, which is now in the New York
Public Library (Lenox collection), having brought the
extremely low price of $110, was also once thought to
be the only extant copy. The book is now known,
however, to exist in more than these two copies. No
other work was issued here in this private manner until
1692, when John Allen printed in Boston Cotton
Mather's "A Midnight Cry. An Essay for our Awak-
ening out of a Sinful Sleep," the preface of which
states: "I have ordered a Small Impression. . . So
that perhaps I may say of this Book, as the Phil-
osopher did of his, 'Tis Published, but Scarce made
Publick."
Eliot's friendly feeling toward Johnson, already shown
by the extract quoted from his letter to the Com-
missioners of August, 1664, was further proved by
the passing of no less than five of his publications
through the Englishman's press: the "Communion of
Churches," 1665; "The Indian Grammar Begun,"
1666; "The Indian Primer," 1669; "Indian Dialogues,"
1671; and "The Logick Primer," 1672. The title,
in full, of the second work in this list is: "The Indian
Grammar Begun: or, An Essay to bring the Indian
Language into Rules, For the Help of such as desire
to Learn the same, for the furtherance of the Gospel
among them." The language of which this grammar
treats was specifically that of the Massachusetts tribes
of Indians, dwelling near the sea coast of the present
8
113
State of Massachusetts. According to Dr. Trumbull,
"it was spoken, with some differences of dialect which
cannot now be accurately indicated, by the Wam-
panoags of Plymouth colony, the Narragansets and
Niantics, the islanders of Nope (Martha's Vineyard),
the Montauks, &c." Dr. Trumbull thought that five
hundred copies were printed. The records of the
Commissioners contain a charge for the binding of
four hundred and fifty copies. Mr. Eames thinks that
some copies may have been sent to England in sheets,
to be bound there for presents. Nine copies are now
known, all save one in public libraries.
Johnson's other publications of 1666, two in num-
ber, have disappeared: the second edition of Norton's
"Brief Catechism," which, according to Prince's manu-
script catalogue, was issued in 1666, and the second
edition of Wigglesworth's "Day of Doom," which was
undoubtedly printed this year. Johnson aided Green
in the printing of these second editions. No book is
known to have been printed by Johnson in 1667—a
barren year, during which Green's press, prolific about
this period, printed only two works, a broadside and an
almanac. The next year, 1668, was a busy one with
Johnson, as he printed, with the senior Cambridge
printer, an almanac, and, at his own press, eight works,
including a broadside. The almanac was Joseph
Browne's "Almanack for the Year 1669." The broad-
side, entitled "To the Elders and Ministers of every
Town within the Jurisdiction of the Massachusets in
New-England," bears no printer's name, but was evi-
dently from Johnson's press. A copy is preserved in
114
the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Of the seven other works issued by Johnson in 1668,
two books are now extant, although long thought
to be lost; one book can perhaps be identified with
a volume printed by Johnson and Green two
years later; the remaining four imprints are not in
existence.
The General Court had ordered in 1667 that no books
should be printed without license, under penalty of a
fine of five pounds and forfeiture of all the copies
printed. On September 8, 1668, Samuel Green and
Marmaduke Johnson were summoned before the
Council in Boston, and were ordered to give an ac-
count of what books they had lately printed, and by
what authority they were issued. The list submitted
by Johnson contained six titles, all of which were prob-
ably issued in 1668:
[1] "he printed the primer: &
[2] ye psalter:
[3] Meditations on death & eternity
[4] ye Rise spring &c of ye Annabaptists.
[5] Isle of Pines:
[6] ye Righteous mans euidenc for heauen
by Mr Rogrs he had licenc for all by mr.
Presidnt & mr. Chancey but ye Isle of
Pines."
The third title in this list, " Meditations on death &
eternity,” is probably "Daily Meditations. By Philip
Pain, who lately suffering shipwrack was drowned,'
which was printed by Johnson, in conjunction with
Green, in 1670. A copy is in the library of the Mas-
115
...
sachusetts Historical Society. The fourth title, "ye
Rise spring &c of ye Annabaptists," can be identified
with "The Rise, Spring, and Foundation of the Ana-
baptists, or Re-Baptized of our Time. Written in
French by Guy de Brez, 1565 . . . . and Translated
for the use of his Countrymen by J. S.," of which two
copies are known, those in the libraries of the American
Antiquarian Society and the Massachusetts Historical
Society. The translator, Joshua Scottow ("J. S.”),
published in Boston in 1694 the historical "Narrative
of the Planting of the Massachusets Colony Anno
1628." The colophon of "The Rise, Spring, and
Foundation of the Anabaptists" says: "Printed and
are to be sold by Marmaduke Johnson," showing that
Johnson, in this instance, at least, was bookseller as
well as printer. The "Finis" in the middle of the last
page of Scottow's translated work is followed by
a notice of "The Righteous Man's Evidence for
Heaven," by Timothy Rogers, which was "now in
the Press, and will very shortly be extant." The
latter work is the sixth title in the list submitted by
Johnson to the Council in 1668. No copy is known.
The first title in Johnson's list, "the primer," may
possibly have been the long searched for first edition
of the New England Primer, "the little Bible of New
England," which for nearly two centuries was used
both as a text-book for primary training and as an
elementary spiritual guide. The late Paul Leicester
Ford believed that the first edition of the New Eng-
land Primer was issued at a much later date, stating
that it was printed by Benjamin Harris in Boston.
116

Communion of Churches:
OR,
The Divine Management of Gofpel-Churches
by the Ordinance of
COUNCILS,
Conftituted in Order according to the
SCRIPTURES.
AS ALSO,
The Way of bringing all Chriftian
Parifhes to be particular Reforming
Congregationall Churches:
Humbly Propofed,
As a Way which hath fo much Light from the
Scriptures of Truth, as that it may lawfully be
Submitted unto by all; and may, by the bleffing
of the Lord, be a Means of Uniting thofe two
Holy and Eminent PARTIES,
The Presbyterians and the Congregationals.
AS ALSO
To Prepare for the hoped-for Refurrection of the
Churches; and to Propofe a way to bring all
Chriftian Nations unto an Unity of the
www.Faith and Order of the Gofpel.
Written by John Eliot, Teacher of
Roxbury in N. E.
Pfal.1.10 That ye may try the things that are excellent.
1 John 4 1. Try the Spirits.
Cambridge: Printed by Marmaduke Johnson. 1665.
TTB
Communion of Churches. 1665
"between 1687 and 1690." The earliest known edition
is that of 1727, printed in Boston in that year by
S. Kneeland and T. Green, the only extant example
of which (in slightly defective condition) is in the New
York Public Library (Lenox collection). Mr. Eames
included the title of the 1668 "primer" among the
"miscellaneous catechisms" in his "Early New Eng-
land Primers," querying it, and adding: "If the Primer
mentioned in the first title of this list [Johnson's]
was not in Indian, and if it was anything like the
later New England Primers in character, it is probable
that it contained something of a catechism.” “ye
psalter," the second title in Johnson's list, may have
been a reprint of the revised "Bay Psalm Book" of
1651. No copy is extant. The fifth title, "Isle of
Pines," is also lost, a fact due to the probable sup-
pression of the entire edition by the General Court.
For the unauthorized printing of the book Johnson
was fined five pounds, and he appealed to the Gov-
ernor and the Council to remit the fine in the following
words, "The humble petition of Marmaduke Johnson
of Cambridge, Printer:"
That yor Petition' doth with all humility acknowl-
edge his rashness & inadvertency in printing a late
pamphlet (called, The Isle of Pines) without due
Order & license first had & obtain'd; for which being
sumoned before their honorable Councill upon his
Confession & conviction, was find in the sum of
five pounds to the Comonwealth. Now may it please
this honoured Councill, yor Petition having in that
act no intent or design to contemn Authority, or to
117
vend or publish anything that might be displeasing
thereto (as may appear by his affixing his Name to
the said Pamphlett) but only in the hope of procuring
something to himself thereby for his necessary sub-
sistence; his calling in this Country being very charge-
able, his living thereon difficult, the gain thereby
uncertain, & his losse by printing frequent: He
therefore humbly prayes this honoured Councill, (if
it may seem good to yor wisdomes) that the said fine
may be remitted unto him, & be discharged him from
the payment thereof.
This eloquent appeal seems to have touched the
hearts of the matter of fact authorities, for the fine
was remitted. The suppressed work, which has been
described as a pamphlet of the Baron Munchausen
order," was evidently reprinted by Johnson soon after
its original publication in London. The first English
edition bears, in part, the following title: "The Isle
of Pines, or a Late Discovery of a Fourth Island in
Terra Incognita. Being a True Relation of certain
English Persons who in the Dayes of Queen Elizabeth
making a voyage to the East India were cast away
and wrecked on the Island near to the Coast of Terra
Australis Incognita, and all drowned except One
man and four Women. .
London, 1668."
44
Later in 1668 a continuation appeared with this title:
'A New and Further Discovery of the Isle of Pines.”
The author of "The Isle of Pines" was Henry Nevile,
an English poet and miscellaneous writer (1620-1694).
Green's list of seven titles submitted to the Council
in 1668 contains the following title: "a narration of
118
ye plague & fier at London," which, however, was
not printed by him but by Johnson, as it is evidently
this work, a copy of which is in the library of the
American Antiquarian Society: "God's Terrible
Voice in the City of London. Wherein you have the
Narration of the Two late Dreadful Judgements of
Plague and Fire, Inflicted by the Lord upon that City,
the former in 1665, the latter in 1666. By T. V.
Cambridge: Printed by Marmaduke Johnson, 1668."
In 1669 Johnson printed one book, "The Indian
Primer," and assisted Green in the production of five
other works. "The Indian Primer," of which an
extensive edition was printed, is in the Massachusetts
Indian language. The copy in the library of the
University of Edinburgh, where it has rested since
1675, is unique. The title-page does not give the
printer's name, the imprint reading: "Cambridge,
Printed 1669." The five books printed with Green
include an almanac ("An Almanack for the Year
1670. By J. R."); Thomas Walley's "Balm in Gilead
to heal Sions Wounds," the first edition; Davenport's
"God's Call to His People To Turn unto Him; To-
gether with His Promise to Turn unto Them," printed
for the son of Hezekiah Usher; the Earl of Winchilsea's
"True and Exact Relation of the Late Prodigious
Earthquake & Eruption of Mount Etna;" and
Nathaniel Morton's "New-Englands Memoriall,” the
first work of importance not wholly religious in
character which was printed in New England.
Davenport's "God's Call" was the first work to bear
the name of John Usher, the son of the publisher of
119
"The Bay Psalm Book" and other early New Eng-
land books. The latest work printed for the father
was Norton's "Three Choice and Profitable Sermons,"
1664, printed by Green and Johnson. "New-Englands
Memoriall," compiled by its author, who was Secre-
tary of the Colony, from Bradford's and Winslow's
manuscript journals, is inexpressibly rare in fine con-
dition. Sabin said in 1880: "Concerning the extreme
rarity of the first edition of this important work, it
will be sufficient to remark that we know of but three
perfect copies in the United States," - an observation
which is not strictly true to-day. The book, which
is a stout quarto of pages (12), 198, (10), was printed
by the two Cambridge printers for John Usher, who
had succeeded to his father's book business. The
finest copy of this historical monument which has
been publicly offered for a long period is the splendid
example, in full crimson crushed levant morocco,
tooled to an old English "cottage" pattern, with
doublure of green crushed levant morocco, inlaid in
crimson morocco, and handsomely tooled, which was
once in the library of John Evelyn, the diarist and
bears his autograph signature and motto, and latterly
was in the possession of Marshall Clifford Lefferts, of
New York City. At a London auction sale, in 1903,
of a portion of Mr. Lefferts's collection of Americana,
this copy sold for £87 to an English rare book dealer,
who priced it at £142, a sum considerably nearer its
true value.
Eight works were printed by Johnson and Green in
1670; the second edition of Walley's "Balm in Gilead,"
120
Pain's "Daily Meditations," Increase Mather's "Life
and Death of Mr. Richard Mather," the first edition
of Wigglesworth's "Meat out of the Eater," William
Stoughton's "New England's True Interest not to
Lie," John Oxenbridge's "Quickening Word for the
hastening a Sluggish Soul to a seasonable Answer to
The Divine Call," Davenport's "Sermon Preach'd at
the Election of the Governor, at Boston in New-
England, May 19th, 1669," and "An Almanack for
the Year 1671. By D. R. [Daniel Russell]." The 1670
edition of Walley's "Balm in Gilead," long thought
to be simply a re-issue of the 1669 edition, is a distinct
and separate edition,-an interesting fact recently
noted by Doctor Green. With few exceptions, the
second edition was printed line for line from the first
edition. In addition, the second edition contains the
following important advertisement: "There is now
going to the Press sundry excellent and divine Poems,
entitled, Meat out of the Eater; or, Meditations con-
cerning the Necessity, End, and Usefulness of Afflic-
tions unto Gods Children; All tending to prepare them
for, and comfort them under the Cross. By Michael
Wigglesworth." No copy of this first edition of this
famous New England book is now in existence, and
probably has not been extant since the latter part of
the seventeenth century. The earliest edition known
to collectors is the fourth, printed in Boston in 1689 by
Richard Pierce for John Usher. Wigglesworth, who
noted in one of his manuscript journals that he had
"been long employed in a great work composing
Poems about ye Cross" ["Meat out of the Eater,"]
121
finished his task October 28, 1669, "my Birth day &
ye birth day of this Book."
Increase Mather's "Life and Death" of his father
was the second of his acknowledged publications. His
name does not appear on the title-page, but is signed
to the dedicatory address. It has been called "the first
of his works printed in New England," which is prob-
ably the case, as "The Mystery of Israel's Salvation
Explained and Applyed," 1669, which transatlantic
cataloguers have carelessly or wilfully attributed to
a Cambridge press, was printed, without doubt, in
London. Of Stoughton's Dorchester sermon, "New
England's True Interest not to Lie," two editions
were printed in 1670, the title-page of the second
edition agreeing with that of the first edition, the
remainder of the volume being set up anew. The
later edition affords a curious instance of the scarcity
of paper at this period, pages 39-40 containing in
smaller type the matter given on pages 36-38, the
printers thus saving a signature by the compression
of this portion of the text. This sermon contains the
frequently quoted sentence: "God sifted a whole
Nation that he might send choice Grain over into
the Wilderness." Davenport's "Sermon Preach'd at
the Election of the Governor" bears the brief state-
ment: "Printed in the Year 1670," which recently so
confused a Philadelphia cataloguer that he described
the book as a Boston imprint! The rarest imprint
of 1670, with the notable exception of the lost first
edition of "Meat out of the Eater," is Oxenbridge's
"Quickening Word for the hastening a Sluggish Soul
122
to a seasonable Answer to The Divine Call. Published
by a poor Sinner that found it such to him. Being
the last Sermon Preached in the First Church of
Boston Upon Isaiah 55. 6. By the Pastor there, [John
Oxenbridge] on the 24th of the fifth Month, 1670."
Cotton Mather, with his customary carelessness, noted
in the "Magnalia" that Oxenbridge "published a Ser-
mon about Seasonable seeking of God," an inexact
entry which has misled all modern writers on early
New England religious subjects and all collectors of
early New England books, even mystifying George
Brinley, most successful of New England bibliophiles,
who possessed a copy of the book and entered it as
anonymous, not identifying it with Mather's "Sermon
about Seasonable Seeking." Dr. Trumbull, in describ-
ing the Brinley copy, which sold for the extremely low
price of $45, first identified the sermon as Oxen-
bridge's. This copy is now in the New York Public
Library (Lenox collection). No other example seems
to be known.
Johnson's publications in 1671 were five in number:
Samuel Danforth's "Brief Recognition of New-Eng-
lands Errand into the Wilderness" (Massachusetts
election sermon); Mitchel's "Nehemiah on the Wall
in Troublesom Times; or, A Serious and Seasonable
Improvement of that great Example of Magistratical
Piety and Prudence, Self-denial and Tenderness, Fear-
lessness and Fidelity, unto Instruction and Encourage-
ment of present and succeeding Rulers in our Israel"
(Massachusetts election sermon, preached in 1667);
Eleazer Mather's "Serious Exhortation to the Pres-
123
ent and Succeeding Generation in New-England.
Being the Substance of the Last Sermons Preached by
Eleazer Mather, late Pastor [in Northampton];" John
Eliot's "Indian Dialogues," one of the rarest of the
Cambridge imprints; and "A Platform of Church-
Discipline Gathered out of the Word of God," the
second American edition of the "Cambridge Plat-
form." The rarest of the first three works (all three
printed with Green) is Eleazer Mather's "Serious
Exhortation," the only published work of the first
minister of Northampton, Mass., who died in 1669.
It is prefaced by a five page “Address to the Church
and Inhabitants of Northampton," written by the au-
thor's younger brother, Increase Mather. A second
edition, of almost equal rarity, was printed in Boston
in 1678 by John Foster. The "Cambridge Platform"
of 1671 and Eliot's "Indian Dialogues" were printed
by Johnson alone. The former, of great rarity in fine
condition (copies in ordinary condition are common
enough), is one of Johnson's best printed books; the
latter, a crudely gotten up production, typographi-
cally considered, is one of the least common and most
fascinating volumes in the brief list of early Indian
Americana.
The "Indian Dialogues," entirely in English, were
intended by Eliot for the use of the native Indian
teachers and ministers, "For Their Instruction in that
great Service of Christ, in calling home their Country- .
men to the Knowledge of God, And of Themselves,
and of Jesus Christ." The title-page does not give
Eliot's name. In the preface, signed "J. E.," he re-
124
marked: "These Dialogues are partly Historical, of
some things that were done and said; and partly In-
structive, to shew what might or should have been
said, or that may be (by the Lords assistance) here-
after done and said, upon the like occasion. . . . For
sundry weighty Reasons I desire and endeavour, that
our Learned Indians should learn at least the English
Tongue; our Indian Churches holding communion
with the English Churches, must perform that Service
in the English Tongue. If the Lord give life, and length
of dayes, I may hereafter put forth these or the like
Dialogues in the Indian Tongue." The little volume,
a very small quarto, does not bear Johnson's name,
the imprint saying: "Printed at Cambridge. 1671;"
it contains title-page, one leaf; "Dedication," two
leaves; and text, pages 1-81 (pages 61-66 omitted in
the pagination). Two copies are known,-one in
the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and one in the New
York Public Library (Lenox collection). The latter,
once in the Jolley collection, cost James Lenox only
£5 5s. It is a fine, clean example, in the original
sheep, with the original blank leaves at beginning
and end. It contains three manuscript corrections in
a contemporary hand, perhaps Eliot's.
"The Logick Primer," in Indian and English, which
Johnson printed in 1672, his sole publication during
that year, was also prepared by Eliot for the instruc-
tion of the native teachers. The full title is: "The
Logick Primer. Some Logical Notions to initiate the
Indians in the knowledge of the Rule of Reason; and
to know how to make use thereof. Especially for the
125
Instruction of such as are Teachers among them.
Composed by J. E. for the use of the Praying Indians.
.. Printed by M. J. 1672." This precious 32mo of
forty unnumbered leaves was issued in an edition
of one thousand copies, but the only known copy
is the one in the British Museum.
Three books were issued by Johnson in 1673: "Old
Mr. Dod's Sayings; or, A Posie gathered out of Mr.
Dod's Garden. The Rev. John Dod. Collected by
R. T.," a curious small octavo of only small thirteen
pages; Samuel Wakeman's "A Young Man's Legacy
to the Rising Generation: Being a Sermon Preached
upon the Death, and at the Desire of John Tappin
of Boston; Who deceased at Fairfield, the 10th of
October 1672. being in the Nineteenth year of his
Age;" and Increase Mather's "Wo to Drunkards.
Two Sermons Testifying against the Sin of Drunken-
ness." The latter, which was "sold by Edmund
Ranger, Bookbinder in Boston," was the third of
Increase Mather's published works and the second
of his publications printed in New England. Johnson
used Hebrew type, in a marginal note, on page 9, and
Greek type on page 3. The finest of the two Brinley
copies was presented by the author to his brother,
Nathanael Mather, of Dublin. Dr. Trumbull noted
that "it ought, perhaps, to be described as large
paper," but it is a question whether any of the Cam-
bridge books was issued on large paper.
The publications of the fourth Cambridge printer
during his last year of printing, 1674, were also three in
number: Samuel Torrey's "Exhortation unto Refor-
126
mation. Massachusetts Election Sermon, May 27,
1674;" "The Cry of Sodom Enquired Into. . . By
S. D. [Samuel Danforth];" and Increase Mather's
"The Day of Trouble is near. Two Sermons wherein
is shewed What are the Signs of a Day of Trouble
being near." Brinley had two copies of the last
named rare work, the finer of the two bearing a
presentation inscription, in the author's autograph, to
Nathanael Collins of Middletown, Conn., who later
inspired his son's inexpressibly rare "Elegy," printed
in Boston in 1685. A vastly more interesting copy is
in a Boston private library, bound in a quarto volume
with fourteen other publications of Increase Mather,
all the author's own copies.
Johnson's last publication of 1674, and the last book
printed by him, was probably Torrey's Election
sermon, issued, perhaps, in June of that year. On
May 27, 1674, he petitioned the General Court to be
allowed to set up his press in Boston:
The humble Petition of Marmaduke Johnson of
Cambridge, Printer:
Sheweth,
That yor petr being in London brought up in the Art
of Printing, & in no other Calling or Occupation;
& being by the Providence of God brought into this
Country with his Press & Letters in the year 1665.
It pleased this hond Court (after his arrivall) to pass
an Order bearing date the 3d of May in the year
aforesaid, thereby prohibiting the exercise of Printing
in any Town within this Jurisdiction, save only at
127
Cambridge: In obedience wherevnto yor petr hath
ever since made that his place of residence.
But finding by long & sad Experience the great
discomodity & detriment by such Confinement of
his Calling, & an absolute impossibility of providing
comfortably for himself & family by the Incomes
thereof, though managed with greatest Care, &
followed with all possible diligence, not having im-
ployment therein for one third part of his time, Con-
flicting with difficulties too great & many to be here
recited: And also being sensible of the loss & disad-
vantage accreiving hereby to the Comonwealth, who
by his Art & Endeavors might have many usefull &
profitable Tracts printed and published here, were he
allowed the liberty of his Calling in a convenient
place of Trade: And humbly conceiving, no more
security to the State, in preventing the printing things.
irregular, or abusive therevnto, by such Confinement,
then if it were exercised in the most popul[ous]
Town within this jurisdiction; all which yor petr is
ready to demonstrate, if called therevnto:
Doth therefore in all humility pray this hon Court,
that you would be pleased to take the premises into
yor grave & serious Condiderations, & grant him
such liberty & relief therein as in yor wisdomes shall
seem meet; that so the Art of Printing may by this
hond: Court be duely incouraged, & the practitionrs
thereof have lawfull liberty of exercising the same
in sych place within this Jurisdiction, as they shall
finde most comodius for them, & most to the ad-
vantage of the Comonwealth; submitting at all times
to such Laws & Orders as are or shall be made
concerning the premises, by the Authority of this
Comonwealth.
128
This petition was granted May 30, 1674, and Johnson
removed in August, 1674, to Boston, where he was
taken sick, and died December 25 of the same year.
If he had lived, he would have been the first printer
in Boston, an honor which belongs to John Foster,
who purchased Johnson's press and types and began
printing early in 1675.
In all Marmaduke Johnson printed fifty-nine books,
pamphlets, and broadsides in Cambridge: twenty pub-
lications produced in conjunction with Samuel Green,
1660-1664; twenty publications alone, at his new press,
1665–1674; and nineteen publications, in connection
with Green, 1666-1671. Johnson's conduct in Cam-
bridge did not meet with the approval of his Puritan
neighbors; he got into debt, drank, and is said to have
made love to Green's daughter, although he had left
a wife in London. Our concern, however, is not with
Marmaduke Johnson's private life, but with his career
here as a printer. He was the first skilled typographer
to exercise his calling in English America, and his
name is connected with the best printing executed
in the colonies before the eighteenth century.
129
IX
THE THIRD CAMBRIDGE PRINTER (1665-1674)
AND THE LAST YEARS OF THE PRESS
1675-1692
DURING 1665-1674, the period of Marmaduke John-
son's second connection with the Cambridge press,
Samuel Green printed independently forty-five publi-
cations; during six years of this period, 1666–1671, he
printed, in conjunction with Johnson, nineteen works,
which have been described in the preceding chapter.
The principal work issued by Green in 1665 was the
first edition of Eliot's Indian translation of Bayly's
"Practice of Piety," which has been mentioned in
the account of the Indian books. Two catechisms
were "printed" in 1665: Richard Mather's "Dorchester
Catechism," a new impression," and "The As-
sembly's Shorter Catechism, divided into 52 Parts,"
the title of which is given in the addenda to Haven's
list. The latter, if printed, was the earliest American
edition of the Westminster Assembly's Shorter Cate-
chism, first printed in London, for official use, in
1647, and, for public use, in 1648. Both catechisms
have vanished. An excessively rare imprint of this
year is "A Direction for a Publick Profession in the
44
130
Church Assembly, after Private Examination by the
Elders." The copy (perhaps unique) in the library
of the Massachusetts Historical Society bears the
following inscription, in the autograph of Governor
John Winthrop, Jr.: "The Author is Mr. John Higen-
son, Pastor of ye Church of Salem." The most inter-
esting imprint of 1655 is "A Funeral Elegie (Written
many Years since) On the Death of the Memorable
and truly Honourable John Winthrope Esq," a quarto
broadside, an apparently unique copy of which is in
the library of Robert C. Winthrop, Jr. It contains
two columns in verse, signed "Perciful Lowle" (Per-
cival Lowell, of Newbury, who died Jan. 8, 1665). In
Dr. Green's opinion, this broadside was not printed
at the time of composition but was issued soon after
the author's death. The two almanacs of the year
are Samuel Danforth's "Astronomical Description
of the late Comet or Blazing Star, as it appeared
in New-England in November, December, January,
and in the beginning of February, 1664,” and Josiah
Flint's "Almanack for the Year 1666." Danforth's
description of the comet of 1664 contains a brief
theological application. He maintained that a comet
was a heavenly body, moving according to defined
laws, and that its appearance is portentous. The
London reprint of 1666 was described as "exces-
sively rare" in 1898 by an English book dealer, who
stated that he could find no trace of the original
Cambridge edition. A copy, however, is in the Brit-
ish Museum; another example is in the Massachusetts
Historical Society library; a third copy (formerly
131
Barlow's) is in the New York Public Library (Lenox
collection).
Green's separate imprints of 1666 included a rare work
by Samuel Whiting, "Abraham's Humble Intercession
for Sodom, and the Lord's gracious Concessions in
Answer thereunto," and Samuel Brackenbury's “Al-
manack for the Year 1667." In 1667 he seems to have
produced a broadside and an almanac, the latter com-
piled for 1668 by Joseph Dudley. In 1668, a busy year
with him, he printed ten books, only two of which
are extant: Thomas Shepard's "Wine for Gospel
Wantons, or Cautions against Spirituall Drunken-
ness," and Joseph Browne's "Almanack for the Year
1669," printed with Johnson. From the addenda to
Haven's list we learn that Green issued two catechisms
in 1668: the second American edition of Cotton's
“Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes" (first printed by
Green in 1656), and an "Appendix of Catechism,
Touching Church Government," by John Fiske,
author of "The Watering of the Olive Plant," issued
from Green's press in 1657. These catechisms are no
longer extant. The other imprints of the year, six
in number, are given in the list submitted by Green
to the Council in September, 1668, when he was
ordered to give an account of the books recently
printed by him:
[1] "a Drop of Honey he printed for himself-
2
ye Rule of ye new Creature:
3 ye way to a blessed Estate in this life.
4
The Assembly of Divines Chatchise
5
a narration of ye plague & fier at London.
132
6 Tidings from Roome the grand Trappan
7 yt he had licenc for them all from: ye President
& Mr Michelle & ye young mans monitor."
The fifth title, "a narration of ye plague & fier at
London," is evidently "God's Terrible Voice in the
City of London. Wherein you have the Narration
of the Two late Dreadful Judgements of Plague and
Fire, Inflicted by the Lord upon that City, the former
in 1665, the latter in 1666. By T. V.," which was not
printed by Green, however, the only copy which
seems to have been preserved bearing in its imprint
the name of Marmaduke Johnson. The other six
books are not known to-day. The first title in the
list apparently refers to a lost edition (the second
American) of the Westminster Assembly's Shorter
Catechism.
The most interesting event of 1668 was the death,
in Cambridge, on December 22, of Stephen Daye, the
first printer at the first Cambridge press, among whose
typographical labors was the production, in 1640, of
the first edition of "The Bay Psalm Book," the earliest
extant example of native incunabula. His age at the
time of his decease was about seventy-five, as in two
depositions made in April, 1656, and recently repro-
duced by Dr. Green, he calls himself then sixty-two
years old, so that, in all probability, he was born in
1594. The house in which Daye died was at the
southwestern corner of Massachusetts Avenue and
Dunster Street (Harvard Square), in Cambridge.
About twenty years ago a stone tablet bearing the
133
following inscription was placed in the eastern wall
of the building:
HERE LIVED
STEPHEN DAYE
FIRST PRINTER IN
BRITISH AMERICA
1638-1668
In September, 1667, soon after the death of John
Wilson, John Davenport was called from New Haven
to the First Church in Boston, where he preached
from 1666 until his death in March, 1670. In 1669 he
published a catechism for the use of his new congre-
gation, which was printed by Green, but is not now
known. Our knowledge of the former existence of
this edition is based on the following extract, copied
from the appendix to the "Cambridge Platform,'
reprinted in Boston in 1701 for the First Church in
Boston, and edited by James Allen, who had been
Davenport's colleague: "The Reverend Mr. John
Davenport, in his Catechism, Printed Anno 1669 for
the use of the first Church in Boston, of which he
was then Pastor; shows his concurrence with the
Platform of Church Discipline, in matters Relating
to Church Government." Green's other imprints of
1669, five in number, were all produced in connection
with Johnson.
Of the thirteen publications issued by Green in 1670,
eight were printed with the assistance of Johnson.
Among his separate publications were the Harvard
Theses at the 1670 Commencement; Oxenbridge's
134
"Seasonable Proposition of Propagating the Gospel
by Christian Colonies in the Continent of Guiana,'
published without a regular title-page; and Samuel
Mather's "Testimony from the Scripture against Idol-
atry & Superstition, in Two Sermons . . . . Preached,
Sept. 27 and 30, 1660," the title-page of which fails
to give the printer's name, date, or place of printing.
Thomas assigns the date of 1670, and mistakenly
adds "reprinted at Cambridge." This edition, how-
ever, is the original issue of the book, published from
the author's manuscript by his brother, Increase
Mather, whose reversed initials, "M. I.," are sub-
scribed to the prefatory address. Prince noted: "Mr.
B. Green tells me, This was Printed at Cambridge
by his Father's Letter, before He can Remember, He
supposes between 1672 & 1680." Dr. Green, follow-
ing Thomas, places the book under 1670, which is
the probable date.
The last books printed jointly by Green and Johnson
bear date of 1671: Samuel Danforth's "Brief Recog-
nition of New-Englands Errand into the Wilderness,”
Mitchel's "Nehemiah on the Wall in Troublesom
Times" and Eleazer Mather's "Serious Exhortation
to the Present and Succeeding Generation in New-
England." The only other work issued by Green
in 1671 was Jeremiah Shepard's "Ephemeris of the
Coelestial motions for the Year 1672," printed in the
last month of the year.
The imprints of 1673 include two sermons, an al-
manac, the first publication of the Plymouth Laws,
and the third revision of the Massachusetts Laws.
UM
135
MU
The finest copy of the Plymouth Laws to come upon
the rare book market is Brinley's, in brown levant
morocco extra, by Bedford, which brought only $130
in 1879. Brinley's copy of the Massachusetts law
book of 1672, one of the chief undertakings of Green's
press, was bound uniform with the Plymouth Colony
Laws. It also fetched but $130, a sum far under the
present value of the book. The best example of the
book with which we are acquainted is the Lefferts
copy, "clear, crisp, and crackling, in the original
sheep," which realized £105 in London in 1903. This
is rivalled by the copy in the Boston Athenaeum
Library, which contains a long series of the supple-
ments which were issued until the overthrow of the
Colonial Government and the termination of the
First Charter, May 20, 1686. It was owned and com-
pleted by Elisha Hutchinson, the grandfather of
Governor Thomas Hutchinson.
In 1673 Green issued the first edition of the Colony
Laws of Connecticut, the lost third edition of Wiggles-
worth's "Day of Doom," a broadside, four volumes of
sermons, and an almanac for 1674. The Connecticut
law book, the first printed edition of the colony's laws,
is one of the rarest and most valuable issues of the
Cambridge press. The Brinley copy, which sold for
$300 in 1879, is probably the only one offered at public
sale for over a century. This fine example is now
owned by the state of Connecticut, and is in the state
library in Hartford. Another perfect copy is in the
Public Record Office, in London; a third, acquired
in the latter part of 1902, is in the library of the
136
Connecticut Historical Society. Five other copies
are known, but exist in imperfect state. The four
religious publications of 1673 were by John Oxen-
bridge, Thomas Shepard, the younger, Urian Oakes,
and Samuel Willard. Only one of the four need now
concern us: Willard's "Useful Instructions for a Pro-
fessing People in Times of great security and de-
generacy. Delivered in several Sermons on Solemn
Occasions." Of this exceedingly rare work, the earli-
est of Willard's many publications, only three copies
seem to be known: Brinley's, in the Library of Con-
gress, perfect; the Harvard University library copy,
which lacks a leaf; and the perfect example in the
library of Dr. Samuel A. Green. The second of the
three sermons included in this volume refers to a
case of supposed witchcraft in Groton, where Willard
was pastor for thirteen years.
A list of Theses at the Commencement of Harvard
College, a folio broadside, is among Green's publica-
tions in 1674. It gives, in four columns, the names
of the graduates for the years 1642-1651, 1652–1659,
1660–1665, and 1666-1674. A copy is preserved in the
London Public Record Office. The four religious
publications of 1674 include James Fitch's "Holy
Connexion," the earliest printed Connecticut elec-
tion sermon, and the quaintly titled work of Urian
Oakes (whose first published work, "New-England
Pleaded with," had been printed by Green during the
preceding year): "The Unconquerable all-conquer-
ing, & more-then-conquering Souldier." The al-
manac for 1675, printed toward the end of 1674,
137
compiled by "J. F. [John Foster]," is interesting to
collectors of early New England books on account
of its being the earliest work to contain the initials of
the man who, on the death of Marmaduke Johnson,
became the first printer in Boston. The Brinley copy
belonged to the long series of New England almanacs
gathered by Judge Sewall.
During the following year, 1675, Green issued two
interesting tracts by Increase Mather: "Severall Laws
& Orders, etc." (a supplement to the law book of
1672); and the earliest of the two forms of one of the
rarest of the accounts of the war with King Philip,
which, breaking out in 1675, inspired a series of
narratives upon its progress. The latter is the first
edition of the account, by Captain Thomas Wheeler,
of the attack by the Indians on Hutchinson's command
near Brookfield: "A True narrative of the Lords
Providences in various dispensations towards Capt.
Edward Hutchinson of Boston and myself," etc., with-
out place or date, but printed in Cambridge in 1675
by Samuel Green. The second edition: "Cambridge,
Printed and Sold by Samuel Green 1676," is entitled,
in part: “A Thankefull Remembrance of Gods Mercy
To several Persons at Quabaug or Brookfield: Partly
in a Collection of Providences about them, and Gra-
cious Appearances for them: And partly in a Sermon
Preached By Mr. Edward Bulkley." The first variety
of Wheeler's account is wonderfully rare; several
copies are known of the tract in its later form.
The establishment, in Boston in 1675, of John
Foster's press, was the second show of typographical
138
rivalry in New England. We have seen that Marma-
duke Johnson died in December, 1674, his death
occurring at a time when he had removed his press
and types to Boston, and, by permission of the Gen-
eral Court in an order passed at the May session of
1674, had in all probability set up his press, and was
preparing to print. Foster, aided by the encourage-
ment of Increase Mather, seems to have purchased
Johnson's press, and to have begun as a printer as
early as April in 1675, although he was not a practical
typographer, and had, indeed, no especial acquaint-
ance with the art of printing. He is known to have
been the earliest New England engraver, and, doubt-
less, as Dr. Green suggests, perhaps the natural con-
nection between the two arts, strengthened by his
own tastes, led him to take up the new calling. His
first book was Increase Mather's "The Wicked Man's
Portion," the preface of which is dated April 15, 1675,
his second Mather's "The Times of Men are in the
Hand of God," which soon followed the former, the
preface bearing the date of June 9, 1675. Dr. Trum-
bull thought that Foster's almanac for 1676 was "prob-
ably the first production of the Boston press."
In addition to the "Thankefull Remembrance,'
Samuel Green printed in 1676 Willard's second pub-
lished work, "The Heart Garrisoned," Sherman's
almanac for 1677, and a Thanksgiving proclamation,
issued in broadside form. The latter, the earliest
Thanksgiving broadside extant, is a proclamation
"at a Council, held at Charlestown, June the 20th,
1676," appointing June 29 as a thanksgiving after
139
"long and Continued Series of Afflictive dispensa-
tions in & by the present Warr with the Heathen
Natives of this Land." A copy is in the library of the
Massachusetts Historical Society.
The year 1677 was rendered notable by the appear-
ance of Urian Oakes's "Elegie Upon The Death of
the Reverend Mr. Thomas Shepard," a poem in fifty-
two six-line stanzas, remarkable for its personal in-
terest, in which the "Particular Friend" of Thomas
Shepard, the younger, "embalmed the memory of
his Departed Jonathan." This elegy, which in some
respects is the best poem written in the colonies
before the eighteenth century, contains this excellent
couplet:
"Hee's gone alas! Down in the dust must ly
As much of this rare person as could dy."
Another interesting imprint of 1677 is John Wilson's
"Seasonable Watch-Word unto Christians against
the Dreams & Dreamers of this Generation," which
was printed by Samuel Green, aided by his eldest
son, Samuel Green, Jun. This was probably the first
work to contain the name of the younger Green, a
name which, beginning with 1682, was for eight years
connected with the production of many important
Boston imprints.
In 1678 the elder Green printed a list of Harvard
Theses, an almanac, and Increase Mather's "Pray
for the Rising Generation;" in 1679, when he was
engaged with the production of the second and re-
vised edition of the Indian New Testament, which
140
appeared a year later, his publications were only two
in number, a sermon and an almanac. The Indian
New Testament is apparently the only work printed
in Cambridge in 1680. 1681, an equally barren year,
witnessed the appearance of one Cambridge imprint,
an almanac. Foster died in Dorchester on September
9 of this year, and, his Boston press passing under
the supervision of Judge Sewall, the services of the
younger Green seem soon to have been enlisted to
attend to the printing, the first book printed by him
being Willard's "Brief Animadversions."
During the eleven years following 1681 the Cam-
bridge press was inactive to a large degree, the bulk
of the printing business in the Massachusetts Colony
being carried on in Boston. In 1682 appeared two
editions of the earliest and one of the most authentic
of the series of works known to collectors of Ameri-
cana as Indian Captivities: "The Soveraignty &
Goodness of God, Together with the Faithfulness
of His Promise Displayed; Being a Narrative of the
Captivity and Restauration of Mrs. Mary Rowland-
son." No copy of the first edition is exant. In 1683
the fourth edition of Wigglesworth's "Day of Doom"
is supposed to have been issued from the press of the
elder Green. The almanac for 1684, printed this year,
bore the new title of "Cambridge Ephemeris." An
almanac was the solitary imprint of 1684, Samuel
Green being still busily occupied with the printing of
the second edition of the entire Indian Bible, which
appeared in 1685 in a handsome volume, the typo-
graphical superior of the first edition. The second
141
edition of another Indian publication, Eliot's transla-
tion of Bayly's "Practice of Piety," also appeared in
1685. The almanac printed this year (the printing was
not actually finished, however, until 1686) was called
"New-England Almanac for the Year 1686." Its
compiler was Samuel Danforth. The imprint reads:
"Samuel Green, Sen. Printer to Harvard Colledge."
The few remaining titles of Cambridge imprints in-
clude five Indian books: "The Dying Speeches of
several Indians," by John Eliot, [1686]: Eliot's "Indian
Primer," [1687], a new impression, known only by
an imperfect copy in the library of the Massachusetts
Historical Society; Baxter's "Call to the Uncon-
verted," second edition of Eliot's translation; Shep-
ard's "Sincere Convert," translated by Eliot and
Rawson, 1689; and Cotton's "Spiritual Milk for Babes,"
Rawson's translation of the catechism for children,
1691. The first of the five books is in English. It is a
little volume of eight leaves, the title running length-
wise within borders on the title leaf. There is no
imprint, but the volume was undoubtedly printed by
Samuel Green and issued, perhaps, about 1686. The
preface, signed John Eliot, is as follows: "Here be
But a few of the Dying Speeches & Counsels Of such
Indians as dyed in the Lord. It is an humbling to me
that there be no more, it was not in my heart to
gather them, but Mayor Gookins hearing some of
them rehearsed, he first moved that Daniel should
gather them, in the Language as they were spoken,
and that I should translate them into English, and
here is presented what was done that way. These
142
things are Prined [sic], not so much for publishment,
as to save charges of writeing out of Copyes for those
that did desire them." The Brinley copy of this
curious production, which cost the Lenox Library
$145 in 1879, was then called the only known copy,
and still holds that distinction.
The "Almanack for the Year MDCXCI. By John
Tulley" was printed by "Samuel Green and B. Green."
Samuel Green, Jun., who had printed Tulley's alma-
nacs, 1687-1690, in Boston, died there in the latter part
of 1960. Bartholomew Green, his younger brother,
had set up in the printing business in Boston early in
1690. His shop was destroyed by fire soon after its
establishment, and he was obliged to return to Cam-
bridge, where he assisted his father in the printing of
Tulley's almanacs for 1691 and 1692, Rawson's Indian
version of John Cotton's "Spiritual Milk for Babes,'
and Cotton Mather's "Ornaments for the Daughters
of Zion." The last page of the almanac for 1692 an-
nounces that "There may Speedily be Published a
little Book, Entitled, Ornaments for the Daughters of
Zion, Or the Character & Happiness of a Vertuous
Woman. By a Reverend Divine of Boston." This
well-known work, by Cotton Mather-the only book
by him printed in Cambridge-is extant to-day in two
issues, the first dated 1691, the second 1692. The latter
issue is scarce, but not particularly so. The first issue,
which is much rarer than most bibliographers and
collectors imagine, is now represented, to my knowl-
ledge, by one copy-Prince's-in the Boston Public
Library.
143
With the publication of the second issue of Mather's
"Ornaments for the Daughters of Zion," most prob-
ably brought out in the early part of 1692, printing in
"our Cambridge" came to an end. Ten years later,
Samuel Green died at his home in Cambridge, aged
eighty-seven. His final connection with American
typography was his gift to his son Bartholomew Green
of a printing press and types, on the latter's return to
Boston in the autumn of 1692, where he re-established
himself with much success, finally becoming the
authorized printer of the laws of the Massachusetts
Colony. With the father's retirement and the son's
removal to Boston, Cambridge, which for thirty-seven
years was the only town in English America which
contained a printing press, was no longer our chief
home of typography, slumbering typographically un-
til the American Revolution.
144

Ornaments for the Daughters of Zion.
OR
The CHARACTER and HAPPINESS
of A
Vertuous Woman:
in A
DISCOURSE
which Dir as
The FEMALE-SEX how to Express,
THE FEAR OF GO D. in every
Age and State of their LIFE; and
Obrain hot Temporal and Etymal
Eloffedness.
Written By COTTON MATHER
Tertullian's advice for the Ornaments
of WOMEN.
Prodite-Vos jam Ornamentis Extre A
poftolorum-Veftite Vos Scrico Pietatis, Tyno
Sanctitatis, Parpura Pudicitic-Deum ha-
bebilis Amatorem.
In English.
Go yee forth now array'd with fach Or
naments as the Apostles have provided for
you; Cloath your felves with the Silk of
Piety, the Satin cf Saray, the Purple of
Modely; So the Almighty God will be
a Lover of vou.
CAMBRIDGE: rinted by S. G. &
B., G. for Samuel, Phillips at Roftor, 1692,
Ornaments for the Daughters of Zion. 1692
A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST OF THE
ISSUES OF THE CAMBRIDGE PRESS
1638 (?)
[The Freeman's Oath. Cambridge, Stephen Daye,
1638.]
Broadside. No copy is now extant. The earliest contemporary
reprint is in Vassall's "New England's Jonas Cast up at London,"
London, 1647.
1638 (?)
[An Almanack for the Year 1639. By William Peirce.
Cambridge, Stephen Daye, 1639.]
No copy is known.
1640
The Whole Booke of Psalmes, Faithfully Translated
into English Metre. [By Richard Mather, John
Eliot, and Thomas Welde. Cambridge, Stephen
Daye,] 1640.
First edition of "The Bay Psalm Book," and the earliest extant
production of the Cambridge Press. Ten copies are known, six
of which are imperfect.
Perfect copies: (1) In Bodleian Library (Tanner copy); (2) In
John Carter Brown Library (Mather-Prince copy); (3) In New
York Public Library (Lenox collection); (4) In Cornelius Vander-
bilt Library (Prince-Crowninshield-Brinley copy).
Imperfect copies: (1) In American Antiquarian Society Library
(Thomas copy); (2) and (3) in Boston Public Library (Prince
copies); (4) In E. Dwight Church Library (Hurst copy); (5) In
Harvard University Library (Cooke copy); (6) In A. T. White
Library (Prince-Livermore copy).
10
145
1642 (?)
[A List of Theses at the Commencement of Harvard
College. Cambridge, Stephen Daye, 1642.]
Broadside. No copy is known. It is given, however, in "New
England's First Fruits," London, 1643, from the original: "printed
in Cambridge in New-England."
1643 (?)
[Capital Laws of Massachusetts Bay. Cambridge,
Stephen Daye, 1643.]
This is the "Body of Liberties," the first Code, prepared by
Nathaniel Ward. The Cambridge edition is referred to in the
preface of "New England's Jonas," London, 1647; but no copy
is extant.
1643
A List of Theses at the Commencement of Harvard
College. Cambridge, [Stephen Daye,] 1643.
Broadside. The second extant production of the press. The
library of the Massachusetts Historical Society contains the only
known copy, which is imperfect.
1644 (?)
[Spelling Book. Cambridge, Stephen Daye, 1646.]
No copy is now in existence.
1645 (?)
[An Almanack for the Year 1646. By Samuel Dan-
forth. Cambridge, Stephen Daye, 1646].
Now represented by one copy (imperfect at the beginning and
the end), once in the Brinley collection, next in the possession
of John Boyd Thacher, of Albany, N. Y., and now owned by Mr.
E. Dwight Church, of Brooklyn, N. Y.
146
1645 (?)
A Declaration of Former Passages and Proceed-
ings Betwixt the English and the Narrowgansets.
[Cambridge, Stephen Daye,] 1645.
There is a copy in the Massachusetts Historical Society Library,
another is in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection), a
third is in the collection of Robert Hoe, of New York City, and
a fourth is in a private library in Boston. Dr. Green says that "four
copies are known to be in existence."
1646 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1647. By Samuel Dan-
forth. Cambridge, Matthew Day, 1647.
The only work which bears the imprint of the second printer
in English America. The Brinley copy, purchased by John Boyd
Thacher, and now owned by E. Dwight Church, is probably
unique.
1647 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1648. By Samuel Dan-
forth. Cambridge, [Matthew Day,] 1648.
The Brinley-Thacher-Church copy is considered unique.
1647
[A List of Theses at the Commencement of Harvard
College.] Cambridge, [Matthew Day,] 1647.
Broadside. The only known copy (lacking the upper half) is in
the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
1647
The Whole Booke of Psalmes. [Cambridge, Mat-
thew Day,] 1647.
The second edition of "The Bay Psalm Book." Two copies are
known-one in the British Museum, one in the John Carter
Brown Library.
147
1648 (?)
[Book of Laws and Liberties. Cambridge, Matthew
Day, 1648.]
No copy is known. It was not published, in all probability, until
1649.
1648 (?)
[Salem Catechism. By Edward Norris. Cambridge,
Matthew Day, 1648.]
Supposed to have been issued after the law book, but no copy
is extant.
1648 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1649. By Samuel Dan-
forth. Cambridge, [Samuel Green,] 1649.
Probably the first work printed by Samuel Green, the third
printer at the press. The Brinley copy, now in the New York
Public Library (Lenox collection), is thought to be unique.
1649 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1650. [By Urian Oakes.]
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1650.
The Brinley copy, purchased by Mr. Thacher, and now in Mr.
Church's collection, is considered unique.
1649
A Platform of Church Discipline. [By Richard
Mather], Cambridge, S G, 1649.
The first edition of the "Cambridge Platform," and the earliest
work bearing the imprint of the third Cambridge printer. Copies
are in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection); Boston
148
Public Library (Brinley-Ives copy); American Antiquarian Society
Library (Increase Mather's copy), E. Dwight Church collection,
&c.
1650 (?)
[Roxbury Catechism. By Samuel Danforth. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1650.]
Printed by Green between the "Sinod Books" (the "Cambridge
Platform") and "The Bay Psalm Book" of 1651. No copy is
known.
1650 (?)
[Several Laws and Orders. Cambridge, Samuel
Green, 1650.]
Supplement to the law book of 1648-49. No copy is known.
1651
The Psalmes Hymns and Spiritual Songs of the Old
and New Testament, faithfully translated into
English metre. [By Henry Dunster and Richard
Lyon.] Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1651.
The first edition of the revised version of "The Bay Psalm
Book." The Kalbfleisch copy, now in the New York Public
Library (Lenox collection), is probably unique.
1652
The Summe of Certain Sermons upon Genes: 15.6.
By Richard Mather. Cambridg, Samuel Green,
1652.
The first work of Richard Mather printed in New England over
his name, with the possible exception of a catechism which is
said to have been issued, but which is not now extant. Only a
few perfect copies are in existence.
149
1654 (?)
[Indian Primer or Catechism. By John Eliot. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1654.]
Eliot's short catechism, the earliest printed book in the Massa-
chusetts Indian language of which any record has been found.
No copy is known.
1654 (?)
[Several Laws and Orders. Cambridge, Samuel
Green, 1654.]
The second supplement to the Code of 1648-49. No copy is
known.
1655 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1656. By T. S. Cambridg,
Samuel Green, 1656.
There is a copy in the library of the American Antiquarian
Society.
1655 (?)
[The Book of Genesis. Translated into the Massa-
chusetts Indian Language by John Eliot. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1655.]
Eliot's second publication in the Indian language. No copy is
known.
1655
Gods Mercy, shewed to his People in giving them a
faithful Ministry and Schooles of Learning for the
continual supplyes thereof. By Charles Chauncey.
Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1655.
Only a few copies seem to be known. Brinley's copy is in the
New York Public Library (Lenox collection).
150
1655 (?)
[The Gospel of Matthew. Translated into the Massa-
chusetts Indian Language by John Eliot. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1655.]
Eliot's third publication in the Indian language. No copy is
known.
1656 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1657. By S. B. [Samuel
Brackenbury.] Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1657.
By the compiler of the almanac for 1667, which gives his name
in full. A copy is in the library of the American Antiquarian
Society.
1656
Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes in either England. By
John Cotton. Cambridg, S. G. 1656.
A single copy is extant - the Livermore example, in the New
York Public Library (Lenox collection).
1657
A Farewell Exhortation to the Church and People
of Dorchester. By Richard Mather. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1657.
This is one of the rarest of the Cambridge imprints. Even
Brinley could not find a good copy.
1657 (?)
[Several Laws and Orders. Cambridge Samuel
Green, 1657.]
The third supplement to the Code of 1648-49. No copy is
known.
151
1657 (?)
Verses Made by John Wilson, Pastor to the first
Church in Boston; on the sudden Death of Mr.
Joseph Brisco. [Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1657.]
Broadside, with black border. Printed soon after Brisco's death,
January 1, 1657. A copy is in the collection of Dr. S. A. Green.
1657
The Watering of the Olive Plant in Christs Garden.
A Short Catechism for the first Entrance of our
Chelmesford Children. By John Fisk. Cambridg,
Samuel Green, 1657.
By John Fiske, the first Chelmsford pastor. The Livermore
copy, in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection), is
probably unique.
1658 (?)
An Almanack for this present Year 1659. By Zech:
Brigden. Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1659.
Brinley's copy is in the Library of Congress.
1658 (?)
[A few Psalms in Metre. Translated into the Massa-
chusetts Indian Language by John Eliot. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1658.]
This little book is referred to in Eliot's letter to Richard Floyd,
dated December, 28, 1658, as one of the three portions of Scripture
which had been printed: "Genesis, and Matthew, and a few
Psalmes in Meeter." No copy has been found.
152
1659 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1660. By S. C. [Samuel
Cheever.] Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1660.
The Brinley copy is in the Library of Congress.
1659 (?)
[A Declaration of the General Court of the Massa-
chusetts Holden at Boston in New England Oc-
tober 18, 1659. Concerning the Execution of two
Quakers. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1659.]
Broadside. No copy is known. It was reprinted in London the
same year.
1659
The Heart of N-England rent at the Blasphemies of
the Present Generation. Or a brief Tractate con-
cerning the Doctrine of the Quakers. By John
Norton. Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1659.
One of the rarest of the early Cambridge books.
1659
An Humble Proposal for the Inlargement of University
of Learning in New England. [Cambridge, Samuel
Green,] 1659.
Broadside. A copy is in the Massachusetts Archives.
1659
Some Helps for the Indians. By Abraham Peirson.
Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1658.
In the Connecticut dialect. The third Indian catechism, actually
printed during the fall or early winter of 1659. The New York
Public Library (Lenox collection) copy is unique. The British
Museum has the only known copy of another issue, containing
an altered title-page, which was probably substituted in England.
153
&
1660 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1661. By S. C. [Samuel
Cheever.] Cambridg, S. G. and M. I., 1661.
The Brinley copy is in the Library of Congress.
1660
The Book of the General Lawes and Libertyes.
Cambridge, [Samuel Green,] 1660.
The last book printed solely by Green before the coming of the
fourth Cambridge printer, Marmaduke Johnson. Perfect copies
are in the American Antiquarian Society Library, Boston Athe-
aeum Library, New York Public Library (Lenox collection),
Pennsylvania Historical Society Library, and the State House,
Massachusetts.
1660
A Brief Catechisme Containing the Doctrine of God-
lines. By John Norton. Cambridg, S. G. and M.
J., 1660.
Norton's lesser catechism, printed during his Boston ministry,
for the use of the children of his congregation. The Livermore
copy is in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection); the
copy in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society lacks
the title-page. No others seem to be known.
1660 (?)
[A Christian Covenanting Canfession. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1660.]
Quarto broadside, printed in two columns, in Massachusetts
Indian and English. Only one copy is known, the one in the
library of the University of Edinburgh.
154
1661 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1662. By Nathaniel
Chauncy. Cambridg, Samuel Green, 1662.
The Brinley copy is in the Library of Congress; the American
Antiquarian Society copy lacks the title-page.
1661
The New Testament, translated into the Indian lan-
guage. [By John Eliot.] Cambridge: Samuel
Green and Marmaduke Johnson, MDCLXI.
First edition of the Indian New Testament.
1661 (?)
[A Short Catechism. By James Noyes. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1661.]
Title from the addenda to Haven's list. No copy is known.
1662 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1663. By Israel Chauncy.
Cambridge: S. Green and M. Johnson, 1663.
A copy is in the library of the American Antiquarian Society;
another-Brinley's-is in the Library of Congress.
1662 (?)
[The Day of Doom. By Michael Wigglesworth.
Cambridge, Samuel Green and Marmaduke John-
son, 1662.]
The first edition of this poem, no copy of which is known.
155
1662 (?)
[Indian Primer or Catechism. By John Eliot. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson,
1662.]
Second edition of Eliot's short catechism. No copy is known.
1662
Propositions concerning the Subject of Baptism and
Consociation of Churches. [By Jonathan Mitchel.]
Cambridge, S. G., 1662.
Cotton Mather says in the "Magnalia" that the pamphlet was
"chiefly of his (Mitchel's) composure."
1663 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1664. By Israel Chauncy.
Cambridge S. Green and M. Johnson, 1664.
There is a copy, lacking one leaf, in the library of the American
Antiquarian Society.
1663
A Brief Summe of the cheif articles of our Christian
Faith, Composed in way of Question and Answer,
Now Published, especially for the Benefit of the
Town of Hampton. [By Seaborn Cotton.] Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1663.
By John Cotton's eldest son, who began to preach at Hampton,
then in Massachusetts, now in New Hampshire. For a long time
no copy was thought to be extant. The Livermore copy, now in
the New York Public Library (Lenox collection), is considered
unique.
156
1663
Another Essay for the Investigation of the Truth.
By John Davenport. Cambridge, Samuel Green
and Marmaduke Johnson, 1663.
1663
The Cause of God and his People in New-England.
By John Higginson. Cambridg, Samuel Green,
1663.
The earliest printed Massachusetts election sermon.
1663
The Church-Membership of Children and their Right
to Baptisme. By Thomas Shepard. Cambridg,
Samuel Green, 1663.
1663
A Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plan-
tation whose Design is Religion. By John Cotton.
Cambridge: Samuel Green and Marmaduke John-
son, MDCLXIII.
Really written by John Davenport.
1663
The Holy Bible. Translated into the Indian Language
[by John Eliot.] Cambridge: Samuel Green and
Marmaduke Johnson, MDCLXIII.
The first edition of the entire Indian Bible.
157
1663
[Metrical Psalms. Translated into the Indian Lan-
guage by John Eliot. Cambridge, Samuel Green
and Marmaduke Johnson, 1663.]
Separately issued, probably with special title. No copies seem
to be extant.
1663
[Psalter or Book of Psalms. Translated into the
Indian Language by John Eliot. Cambridge, Sam-
uel Green and Marmaduke Johnson, 1663.]
500 extra copies appear to have been struck off and separately
bound. No copies are known to exist.
1663
Severall Laws and Orders Made at the Severall Gen-
eral Courts in the Years 1661. 1662. 1663. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1663.
Issued as a supplement to the Book of General Laws of 1660.
1664 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1665. By Alex. Nowell.
Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1665.
1664
Animadversions upon the Antisynodalia Americana.
By John Allín. Cambridge: S. G. and M. J. 1664.
1664 (?)
[The Assembly's Shorter Catechism. Translated by
John Eliot into the Indian Language. Cambridge,
Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson, 1664.]
158
Mentioned in "The Present State of New-England," London,
1675, as having been translated by Eliot and printed in the Indian
language. No copy has been found.
1664 (?)
[Call to the Unconverted. By Richard Baxter. Trans-
lated into the Indian Language by John Eliot.
Cambridge, Samuel Green and Marmaduke John-
son, 1664.]
1000 copies were printed, but the entire edition has disappeared.
1664 (?)
The Conditions for New Planters in the Territories
of His Royal Highnes the Duke of York. [Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1664.]
Broadside. A copy is in the Massachusetts Historical Society
Library.
1664
A Defence of the Answer and Arguments of the
Synod met at Boston in the Year 1662. [By
Richard Mather.] Together with an Answer [by
Jonathan Mitchel] to the Apologetical Preface set
before that Essay. Cambridge, S. Green and M.
Johnson, 1664.
Copies of this important work are in the American Antiquarian
Society Library, Boston Public Library (Prince's), and New York
Public Library (Lenox collection). The latter, once Brinley's, was
presented by Mather to Thomas Shepard.
1664
A Discourse of the Last Judgement. By Samuel
Whiting. Cambridge, S. G. and M. J., 1664.
159
1664
Severall Laws and Orders. Cambridge, Samuel Green,
1664.
Issued as a supplement to the law book of 1660.
1664 (?)
[The Sincere Convert. By Thomas Shepard. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson,
1664.]
The first edition was printed in London in 1641. The American
Antiquarian Society's copy of the Cambridge edition lacks the
title-page.
1664
Three Choice and Profitable Sermons Upon Severall
Texts of Scripture. By John Norton. Cambridge:
S. G. and M. I., 1664.
1665 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1666. By Josiah Flint.
Cambridge: [Samuel Green] 1666.
1665 (?)
[The Assembly's Shorter Catechism. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1665.]
Title taken from the addenda to Haven's list. No copy has
been traced.
1665
An Astronomical Description of the late Comet or
Blazing Star. By S. D. [Samuel Danforth.] Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1665.
160
1665
Communion of Churches. By John Eliot. Cam-
bridge: Marmaduke Johnson. 1665.
The first privately printed book issued in English America.
1665 (?)
A Direction for a Publick Profession in the Church
Assembly. [By John Higginson. Cambridge, Sam-
uel Green, 1665.]
No regular title-page.
1665 (?)
[Dorchester Catechism. By Richard Mather. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1665.]
A "new impression" of Mr. Mather's "Catechismes" was voted
for in 1665, and apparently printed; but has vanished.
1665 (?)
A Funeral Elegie On the Death of the Memorable
and truly Honourable John Winthrope Esq. [By
Percival Lowell. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1665.]
Quarto broadside. Two columns in verse, signed "Perciful
Lowle." A copy is in the Robert C. Winthrop collection.
1665
Practice of Piety. [By Lewis Bayly. Translated by
John Eliot into the Indian Language.] Cambridge:
[Samuel Green,] 1665.
First edition of Eliot's Indian translation. The only extant copies
are probably those in the American Antiquarian Society, Bodleian,
and Yale collections, the latter being the Brinley copy.
11
161
1666
Abraham's Humble Intercession for Sodom and the
Lord's gracious Concessions in Answer thereunto.
By Samuel Whiting. Cambridge, [Samuel Green,]
1666.
A copy is in the John Carter Brown Library.
1666 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1667. By Samuel Brack-
enbury. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1667.
1666 (?)
[A Brief Catechism. By John Norton. Cambridge,
Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson, 1666.]
According to Prince's manuscript catalogue, this catechism, first
printed in 1660, was again issued in 1666. No copy is known.
1666 (?)
[The Day of Doom. By Michael Wigglesworth.
Cambridge, Samuel Green and Marmaduke John-
son, 1666.]
The second edition, which has shared the fate of the first edition.
An imperfect copy is in the possession of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society.
1666
The Indian Grammar begun. By John Eliot. Cam-
bridge: Marmaduke Johnson. 1666.
Mr. Eames refers to the American Philosophical Society, Bod-
leian, British Museum, John Carter Brown, Edinburgh University,
Göttingen University, New York Public Library (Lenox collec-
tion), Dr. Moore, and Dr. Trumbull copies.
162
1667 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1668. By Joseph Dudley.
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1668.
1667
[Proposal for Contributions to be made for the sup-
port of his Majesties Fleet in the Caribdee Islands.
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1667.]
Broadside. A copy is preserved at the Massachusetts State
House.
1668 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1669. By J. B. [Joseph
Browne.] Cambridge, S. G. and M. J., 1669.
1668 (?)
[Appendix of Catechism, Touching Church Govern-
ment. By John Fiske. Cambridge, Samuel Green,
1668.]
Title taken from the addenda to Haven's list. No copy is known.
1668 (?)
[The Assembly's Shorter Catechism. Cambridge,
Samuel Green. 1668.]
On September 3, 1668, Green declared before the Council in
Boston that he had lately printed "the Assembly of Divines
Chatchise." No copy is known. Five other works mentioned
in his statement have also disappeared; a sixth work, "A Narra-
tion of the Plague and Fire at London," is evidently the same as
"God's Terrible Voice in the City of London," which was really
printed by Johnson.
163
1668 (?)
[A Drop of Honey. By Thomas Wilcox. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1668.]
Another of the "lost" books.
1668
God's Terrible Voice in the City of London. By T.
V. Cambridge, Marmaduke Johnson, 1668.
A copy is in the library of the American Antiquarian Society.
1668 (?)
[Isle of Pines. By Henry Nevile. Cambridge, Mar-
maduke Johnson, 1668.]
One of the six books printed by Johnson about 1668, four of
which are lost.
1668 (?)
[Meditations on Death and Eternity. Cambridge,
Marmaduke Johnson, 1668.]
Perhaps "Daily Meditations," by Philip Pain. This is another
of the "lost" books.
1668 (?)
[Primer. Cambridge, Marmaduke Johnson, 1668.]
Another of the "lost" books.
1668 (?)
[The Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs of the Old
and New Testament. Cambridge, Marmaduke
Johnson, 1668.]
Another of the "lost" books.
164
1668 (?)
[Righteous Man's Evidence for Heaven. By Timothy
Rogers. Cambridge, Marmaduke Johnson, 1668.]
Another of the "lost" books.
1668
The Rise, Spring, and Foundation of Anabaptists or
Re-Baptized of our Time. Written in French by
Guy de Brez 1565 and Translated by J. S. [Joshua
Scottow]. Cambridge: Marmaduke Johnson, 1668.
The American Antiquarian Society and Massachusetts Historical
Society copies seem to be the only ones extant.
1668 (?)
[Rule of the New Creature. Cambridge, Samuel
Green, 1668.]
Another of the "lost" books.
1668 (?)
[Spiritual Milk for Babes. By John Cotton. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1668.]
Title taken from the addenda to Haven's list. No copy is known.
1668 (?)
[Tidings from Rome. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1668.
Another of the "lost" books.
1668
To the Elders and Ministers of every Town within
the Jurisdiction of the Massachusets in New-
England. [Cambridge, Marmaduke Johnson,] 1668.
Broadside. A copy is in the Massachusetts Historical Society
Library.
165
1668 (?)
[The Way to a Blessed Estate in this Life. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1668.]
Another of the "lost" books.
1668
Wine for Gospel Wantons, or Cautions against Spiri-
tuall Drunkenness. By Thomas Shepard. Cam-
bridge, [Samuel Green,] 1668.
A copy is in the American Antiquarian Society Library.
1668 (?)
[The Young Man's Monitor. Cambridge, Samuel
Green, 1668.]
Another of the "lost" books.
1669 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1670. By J. R. Cambridge:
S. G. and M. J., 1670.
A copy is in the American Antiquarian Society Library.
1669
Balm in Gilead to heal Sions Wounds. By Thomas
Walley. Cambridge: S. G. and M. J., 1669.
Copies are in the Boston Public (Prince collection) and Massa-
chusetts Historical Society libraries. A second impression ap-
peared in 1670.
1669 (?)
[Boston Catechism. By John Davenport. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1669.]
The appendix to the "Cambridge Platform," Boston, 1701, says
that this catechism was "Printed Anno 1669 for the use of the
166
first Church in Boston," of which Davenport was then pastor.
No copy is known.
1669
God's Call to His People To Turn unto Him. By
John Davenport. Cambridge,S. G. and M. J., 1669.
1669
The Indian Primer. Composed by J. E. [John Eliot.]
Cambridge, Marmaduke Johnson, 1669.
In the Massachusetts Indian language. It contains a large and
a short catechism. The only copy known is in the library of the
University of Edinburgh.
1669
New-Englands Memoriall. By Nathaniel Morton.
Cambridge, S. G. and M. J., 1669.
The first important work, not wholly religious in character,
which was issued in English America.
1669
A True and Exact Relation of the Late Prodigious
Earthquake & Eruption of Mount Etna. By the
Earl of Winchilsea. Cambridge: S. G. and M. J.,
1669.
A copy is in the American Antiquarian Society Library.
1670 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1671. By D. R. [Daniel
Russell.] Cambridge: S. G. and M. J., 1671.
167
1670
Balm in Gilead. By Thomas Walley. Cambridge: S.
G. and M. J., 1670.
Second impression. On the last page appears an advertisement
of Wigglesworth's "Meat out of the Eater," which was "now
going to the press," but which, although printed, is not extant in
this (the first) edition.
1670 (P)
A Christian Covenanting Confession. [Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1670.]
Apparently a later impression, with several alterations, of the
edition of 1660 (?). The only known copy is in the Congrega-
tional Library, Boston.
1670
At a Council held at Boston Septemb. 8 1670. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1670.
Broadside. The earliest printed proclamation of a fast day in
New England known to be extant. A copy preserved at the
Massachusetts State House is believed to be unique.
1670
Daily Meditations. By Philip Pain. Cambridge: S.
G. and M. J., 1670.
This is possibly the same as "Meditations on Death and Eter-
nity," mentioned in a list of six works thought to have been printed
about 1668 by Johnson. A copy of the 1670 edition is in the
possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
168
1670
The Life and Death of Mr. Richard Mather. By In-
crease Mather. Cambridge: S. G. and M. J., 1670.
The second of Increase Mather's acknowledged publications, and
"the first of his works printed in New England." Copies are in
the American Antiquarian Society and Massachusetts Historical
Society libraries, and in several private collections.
1670
[A List of Theses at the Commencement of Harvard
College.] Cambridge, [Samuel Green,] M.DC.LXX.
Broadside. A copy is in the possession of the Massachusetts
Historical Society.
1670 (?)
[Meat out of the Eater. By Michael Wigglesworth.
Cambridge, Samuel Green and Marmaduke John-
son, 1670.]
The first edition, which has disappeared.
1670
New England's True Interest not to Lie. By W.
Stoughton. Cambridge: S. G. and M. J., 1670.
A second edition, printed later in 1670, contains the oft-quoted
line: "God sifted a whole Nation that he might send choice
Grain over into this Wilderness."
1670
A Quickening Word for the Hastening a Sluggish
Soul to a seasonable Answer to the Divine Call.
169
[By John Oxenbridge.] Cambridge, S. G. and
M. J., 1670.
The Brinley copy, in the New York Public Library (Lenox
collection), is believed to be unique.
1670 (?)
A Seasonable Proposition of Propagating the Gospel
by Christian Colonies in the Continent of Guiana.
By John Oxenbridge. [Cambridge, Samuel Green,
1670.]
No regular title-page.
1670
A Sermon Preach'd at the Election of the Governor,
at Boston in New-England, May 19th, 1669. By
John Davenport. [Cambridge, Samuel Green and
Marmaduke Johnson], 1670.
1670 (?)
A Testimony from the Scriptures against Idolatry &
Superstition. By Samuel Mather. [Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1670.]
1671
A Brief Recognition of New-Englands Errand into
the Wilderness. By Samuel Danforth. Cambridge:
S. G. and M. J., 1671.
1671 (?)
An Ephemeris for the Year 1672. By Jeremiah Shep-
ard. Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1672.
170
1671
Indian Dialogues. By John Eliot. Cambridge, M. J.,
1671.
In English. Copies are in the Bodleian Library and New York
Public Library (Lenox collection).
1671
Nehemiah on the Wall in Troublesom Times. By
Jonathan Mitchell. Cambridge: S. G. and M. J.,
1671.
1671
A Platform of Church-Discipline. Cambridge, Mar-
maduke Johnson, 1671.
Second American edition of the "Cambridge Platform."
1671
A Serious Exhortation to the Present and Succeed-
ing Generation in New-England. By Eleazar
Mather. Cambridge, S. G. and M. J., 1671.
The first edition. The second edition, printed by John Foster,
appeared in Boston in 1678.
1672 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1673. By N. H. [Nehemiah
Hobart.] Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1673.
1672
The Book of the General Laws of the Inhabitants of
the Jurisdiction of New-Plimouth. Cambridge:
Samuel Green, 1672.
171
1672
The General Laws and Liberties of the Massachu-
setts Colony: Revised & Re-printed. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1672.
The second publication of the Book of General Laws.
1672
The Logick Primer. Composed by J. E. [John Eliot.]
Cambridge, M. J., 1672.
In Indian and English. The only known copy is in the British
Museum.
1672
Peace, the End of the Perfect and Uprigh. By James
Fitch. Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1672.
1672
The Spouse of Christ Coming out of affliction leaning
upon Her Beloved. By John Allin. Cambridge:
Samuel Green, 1672.
1673 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1674. By J. S. [John
Sherman.] Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1674.
1673
The Book of the General Laws For the People with-
in the Jurisdiction of Connecticut. Cambridge:
Samuel Green, 1673.
The first edition of the Connecticut Laws.
172
1673 (?)
[The Day of Doom. By Michael Wigglesworth.
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1673.]
The third edition. No copy is known.
1673
Eye Salve, or a Watch-Word From our Lord Iesus
Christ unto his Churches. By Thomas Shepard.
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1673.
1673
New-England Freemen Warned and Warmed to be
Free indeed. By J. O. [John Oxenbridge.] Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1673.
1673
New-England Pleaded with, And pressed to consider
the things which concern her Peace. By Urian
Oakes. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1673.
1673
Old Mr. Dod's Sayings; or, A Posie gathered out of
Mr. Dod's Garden. Collected by R. T. Cambridge,
Marmaduke Johnson, 1673.
1673
[Order of the Deputy-Governor and Magistrates con-
cerning the late Awful Hand of God, consuming
our Castle by Fire. Cambridge, Samuel Green,]
1673.
Broadside. A copy is preserved at the Massachusetts State
House. Dated Boston, March 22, 1673.
173
1673
Useful Instructions for a Professing People in Times
of great securing and degeneracy. By Samuel
Willard. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1673.
The earliest and rarest of Willard's many publications.
1673
Wo to Drunkards. By Increase Mather. Cambridge,
Marmaduke Johnson, 1673.
1673
A Young Man's legacy to the Rising Generation. By
Samuel Wakeman. Cambridge, Marmaduke John-
son, 1673.
1674 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1675. By J. Foster. Cam-
bridge Samuel Green, 1674.
Compiled by the first Boston printer.
1674
The Cry of Sodom Enquired Into. By S. D. [Samuel
Danforth.] Cambridge, Marmaduke Johnson,
1674.
1674
David serving his Generation. By Samuel Arnold.
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1674.
1674
The Day of Trouble is Near. By Increase Mather.
Cambridge: Marmaduke Johnson, 1674.
174
1674
An Exhortation unto Reformation. By Samuel
Torrey. Cambridge: Marmaduke Johnson, 1674.
1674
An Holy Connexion. By James Fitch. Cambridge:
Samuel Green, 1674.
The earliest printed Connecticut election sermon.
1674
[A List of Theses at the Commencement of Harvard
College.] Cambridge, [Samuel Green,] 1674.
Broadside. A copy is in the Public Record Office, London.
1674
Souldiery Spiritualized. By Joshua Moodey. Cam-
bridge: Samuel Green, 1674.
1674
The Unconquerable all-conquering, & more-then-
conquering Souldier. By Urian Oakes. Cam-
bridge: Samuel Green, 1674.
1675 (?)
[An Almanack for the Year 1676. By J. S. [John
Sherman.] Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1675.
1675
A Discourse Concerning the Subject of Baptisme. By
Increase Mather. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1675.
175
1675
The First Principles of New-England, Concerning the
Subject of Baptisme & Communion of Churches.
By Increase Mather. Cambridge, Samuel Green,
1675.
1675
Several Laws & Orders Made at the Sessions of the
General Court held at Boston the 13th of October,
1675. [Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1675.]
Issued as a supplement to the law book of 1672.
1675 (?)
A True narrative of the Lords Providences in various
dispensations towards Capt. Edward Hutchinson
of Boston and myself. By Capt. Thomas Wheeler.
[Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1675.
The first issue of Wheeler's wonderfully rare account of the
attack by the Indians on Hutchinson's command near Brookfield.
A copy is in the John Carter Brown Library.
1676 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1677. By J. S. [John Sher-
man.] Cambridge. S. Green, 1677.
1676
The Heart Garrisioned or, The Wisdome and Care of
the Spiritual Souldier. By Samuel Willard. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1676.
Willard's second publication.
1676
AThankefullRemembrance of Gods Mercy To Several
Persons at Quabaug or Brookfield. Partly in a
176
Collectionof Providences about them and Gracious
Appearances for them; and partly in a Sermon
Preached by Mr. Edward Bulkley, Pastor of the
Church of Christ at Concord, upon a day of
Thanksgiving. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1676.
The second variety of Wheeler's account of the attack by the
Indians on Hutchinson's command. The best of the two Brinley
copies is in the New York Public Library (Lenox collection; other
copies are in the John Carter Brown and Yale University libraries,
and in several private collections.
1676
[Thanksgiving Proclamation.] Cambridge, [Samuel
Green,] 1676.
Broadside. A copy is in the Massachusetts Historical Society
Library.
1677 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1678. By T. B. [Thomas
Brattle.] Cambr., S. Green & S. Green [Jun.]:
1678.
1677
An Elegie upon the Death of the reverend Mr. Thomas
Shepard, Late Teacher of the Church at Charls-
town in New-England. [By Urian Oakes.] Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1677.
1677
Innocency's Complaint. [By George Joy.] Cambridge,
Samuel Green.] 1677.
Broadside. Two columns of poetry, signed at end of second
column: "George Joy, Mariner, 1677."
12
177
1677
Righteousness Rained from Heaven. By Samuel
Hooker. Pastor of the Church of Christ in Farm-
ington. Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1677.
A copy is in the Boston Public Library.
1677
A Seasonable Watch-Word unto Christians against
the Dreams & Dreamers of this Generation. By
John Wilson. Cambridge: S. Green and S. Green,
[Jun.] 1677.
1678 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1679. By J. D. [John Dan-
forth.] Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1679.
1678
[A List of Theses at the Commencement of Harvard
College.] Cambridge, [Samuel Green,] 1678.
Broadside. A copy is in the Massachusetts Historical Library.
1678
Pray for the Rising Generation. By Increase Mather.
Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1678.
1679 (?)
An Almanack for the Year 1680. [By John Foster.]
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1680.
1679
The Necessity of a well Experienced Souldiery. By
J. R. [John Richardson.] Cambridg, Samuel
Green, 1679.
178
1680
New Testament. Translated into the Indian Lan-
guage. [By John Eliot.] Cambridge, Samuel
Green, 1680.
Second and revised edition of the Indian New Testament.
1681 (?)
An Ephemeris for the Year 1682. By W. Brattle.
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1682.
1682
A Seasonable Discourse Wherein Sincerity & Delight
in the Service of God is earnestly pressed upon
Professors of Religion. By Urian Oakes. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1682.
1682 (?)
[The Soveraignty & Goodness of God, Together
with the Faithfulness of His Promise Displayed;
Being a Narrative of the Captivity and Restaura-
tion of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. Cambridge, Sam-
uel Green, 1682.]
The first edition, which has disappeared. This is the rarest of
all narratives of Indian captives.
1682
The Soveraignty & Goodness of God, Together with
the Faithfulness of His Promise Displayed; Being
a Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of
179
i
Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. second addition Cor-
rected and amended. Cambridge, Samuel Green,
1682.
Second edition. Copies are in the Boston Public Library (Prince
collection) and the British Museum.
1683 (?)
Cambridge Ephemeris. For the Year 1684. By N.
Russel. Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1684.
1683 (?)
[The Day of Doom. By Michael Wigglesworth.
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1683.]
No copy known. Title taken from the addenda to Haven's list.
1684 (?)
Cambridge Ephemeris. 1685. By W. Williams. "Cam-
bridge, Printed by Samuel Green for the Year
1685."
Another issue: "Cambridge, Printed by Samuel Green for
Samuel Phillips, 1685."
1685
Holy Bible. Translated into the Indian Language.
[By John Eliot.] Cambridge, Samuel Green,
MDCLXXXV.
Second edition of the entire Indian Bible.
1685 (?)
New-England Almanack For the Year 1686. By
S. D. [Samuel Danforth.] Cambridge, Samuel
Green, 1685.
The date in the imprint should be 1686. Not finished until 1686,
although dated 1685.
180
1685
[Practice of Piety. By Lewis Bayly. Translated by
John Eliot into the Indian Language.] Cambridge,
[Samuel Green,] 1685.
Second edition of Eliot's translation. Copies are in the Boston
Public Library (Prince collection), British Museum, John Carter
Brown collection, and New York Public Library (Lenox collec-
tion), the latter being the Nodier-Brinley example.
1686 (?)
Cambridge Ephemeris. An Almanack for 1687. [By
W. Williams.] Cambridge, S. G., 1687.
1686 (?)
The Dying Speeches of several Indians. [By John
Eliot. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1686.]
In English. Brinley's copy, the only one known, is in the New
York Public Library (Lenox collection).
1687 (?)
An Elegiack Verse, on the Death of the Pious
and Profound Grammarian and Rhetorician, Mr.
Elijah Corlet, Schoolmaster of Cambridge, who
Deceased Anno Aetatis 77, Feb. 24, 1687. [Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1687.]
Broadside, printed in folio size, containing two columns within
mourning borders. An apparently unique copy of this interesting
poetical broadside (here described for the first time in any biblio-
graphical account of American imprints) was sold in Boston, in the
Libbie auction rooms, on November 15, 1905.
The Rev. Nehemiah Walter, the author of this curious example
of early American poetry, was born in Cork, Ireland, and came
181
to this country in 1679, in his seventeenth year. He graduated at
Harvard in 1684, and in 1688 was ordained as colleague to John
Eliot, in Roxbury, officiating in that capacity until the death of the
apostle in 1690. He married a daughter of Increase Mather, and
was a member of the Harvard College Corporation for a number
of years.
1687 (?)
[The Indian Primer. By John Eliot. Cambridge,
Samuel Green, 1687.]
Apparently a new impression of Eliot's Indian Primer of 1669.
The imperfect Prince copy in the library of the Massachusetts
Historical Society seems to be unique.
1687
[A List of Theses at the Commencement of Har-
vard College.] Cambridge, [Samuel Green,]
MDC.LXXXVII.
Broadside. A copy is in the library of Harvard University.
1688
[Call to the Unconverted. By Richard Baxter. Trans-
lated into the Indian Language by John Eliot.]
Cambridge: S. G., 1688.
Second edition of Eliot's translation. Copies are in the American
Antiquarian Society, Boston Public (Prince's), Harvard University,
Massachusetts Historical Society, and Yale University collections.
1689
A Brief Discourse Concerning the unlawfulness of
the Common Prayer Worship and of Laying the
Hand on, and Kissing the Booke in Swearing. By a
182
Reverend and Learned Divine. [Increase Mather.]
Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1689.
A copy is in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
1689 (?)
[The Declaration of the Gentlemen, Merchants, and
inhabitants of Boston, and the Country adjacent.
April 18, 1689. Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1689.]
No copy is known. A reprint is given in Byfield's "Account of
the Late Revolution in New England," London, 1689, filling pages
7-19, where it is printed "according to the Copy Printed in New
England by Samuel Green, 1689.”
Mr. Luther S. Livingston kindly suggests this title as a possible
Cambridge imprint of 1689. There is a possibility, however, that
it was really printed in Boston by Samuel Green, the younger.
1689 (?)
Harvard's Ephemeris for 1690. By H. Newman. Cam-
bridge, Samuel Green, 1690.
A copy is in the Massachusetts Historical Society Library.
1689
[The Sincere Convert. By Thomas Shepard. Trans-
lated into the Indian Language by John Eliot
and Grindal Rawson.] Cambridge, Samuel Green.
1689.
The last of Eliot's many publications. Copies are in the Amer-
ican Antiquarian Society, John Carter Brown, New York Public
Library (Lenox), and Yale University collections.
1690 (?)
An Almanack for the Year MDCXCI. By John Tulley.
Cambridge, Samuel Green and B. Green, 1691.
183
Samuel Green, Jun., who had printed Tulley's almanacs, 1687-
1690, in Boston, died in July, 1690. The almanac for 1691 and the
one for 1692 were printed in Cambridge, therefore, by his father
and his younger brother, Bartholomew.
1690 (?)
Further Quaeries Upon the Present State of the
New-English Affairs. Cambridge, Samuel Green,
1690.
Signed: "S. E."
1690
[An Order of the General Court for the Emission of
Paper Money.] Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1690.
Broadside. A copy is preserved at the Massachusetts State
House.
1690
Holwell's Predictions of Many Remarkable things,
which may Probably Come to Pase, from the
Year 1689. Untill the Year 1700. Written 1682.
Cambridge, S. G., 1690.
1691 (?)
An Almanack for the Year MDCXII. By John Tulley.
Cambridge: Samuel Green and Bartholomew
Green, 1692.
1691
Ornaments for the Daughters of Zion. By Cotton
Mather. Cambridge: S. G. and B. G., 1691.
First issue. The only known copy with this date is in the
Prince collection, in the Boston Public Library.
184
1691
[Spiritual Milk for Babes. By John Cotton. Trans-
lated into the Indian Language by Grindal Raw-
son.] Cambridge: Samuel Green, kah Bartholomew
Green. 1691.
Rawson's Indian translation of Cotton's catechism for children.
Copies are in the American Antiquarian Society, Boston Athe-
naeum, John Carter Brown, Harvard University, New York Public
Library (Lenox), Watkinson Library (Trumbull's), and Yale Uni-
versity collections.
1692
Ornaments for the Daughters of Zion. By Cotton
Mather. Cambridge: S. G. and B. G., 1692.
Second issue. The last book printed at the Cambridge Press.
185
INDEX
Abraham's Humble Intercession,
132, 162.
Allen, James, 134.
Allen, John, 54, 99, 113.
Allin, John, 36, 103, 158, 172.
Almanac.
Brackenbury's, 132, 151, 162.
Brattle's, 177, 179.
Brigden's, 71, 152.
Browne's, 114, 132, 163.
Cambridge, 141, 180.
Chauncey's, 94, 102, 155, 156.
Cheever's, 92, 153, 154.
Danforth's, 39, 146–148, 178, 180.
Dudley's, 132, 163.
Flint's, 131,160.
Foster's, 136, 174, 178.
Harvard, 183.
Hobart's, 171.
J. R.'s, 119, 166.
New England, 142, 180.
Newman's, 183.
Nowell's, 158.
Oakes's, 148.
Pierce's, 9, 11, 16, 17, 33, 145.
Russell's, 121, 167, 184.
Shepard's, 135, 170.
Sherman's, 172, 175, 176.
T. S.'s, 65, 150.
Tulley's, 143, 184, 185.
Williams's, 180.
American Antiquarian Society,
31, 52, 65, 66, 75, 94, 116, 119,
149-151, 154–156, 159–162, 164
-167, 169, 182, 185.
Animadversions upon Antisyno-
dalia Americana, 103, 158.
Another Essay for Investigation,
102, 157.
Arnold, Samuel, 174.
Astronomical Description of the
late Comet, 40, 160.
At a Council held at Boston, 168.
Balm of Gilead, 119-121, 166.
Baxter, Richard, 87, 108, 142, 159,
182.
Bayley, Lewis, 88, 130, 142, 161,
181.
Bellingham, Richard, 56, 58.
Bible, 47, 50, 79, 90, 99, 141, 180.
Bodleian Library, 86, 125, 145,
161, 162, 171.
Boston Athenaeum, 76, 136, 154,
185.
Boston Public Library, 13, 23, 30,
38, 94, 99, 143, 145, 149, 159, 178,
180-182, 184.
Boyle, Robert, 84, 88, 106.
Brackenbury, Samuel, 66, 132,
151, 162.
Brattle, Thomas, 177.
187
Brattle, W., 179.
Brief Discourse Concerning Un-
lawfulness of Common Prayer
Worship, 182.
Brief Recognition of New Eng-
land's Errand, 123, 135, 170.
Brief Summe of Articles of our
Faith, 67, 100, 156.
Brigden, Zech, 71, 152.
Brinley, George, 29, 30, 38-40,
43, 49, 55, 63, 65, 66, 70-74,
76, 84, 86-89, 94, 113, 126, 127,
135, 146, 151, 153–155, 159, 161,
170, 177, 181.
Brisco, Joseph, 67, 152.
British Museum, 26, 29, 43, 81,
99, 126, 131, 147, 153, 162, 172,
180, 181.
Brown, John Carter, Library, 26,
29, 38, 39, 43, 72, 90, 94.
Browne, Joseph, 114, 132, 163.
Bulkley, Edward, 138, 145, 147,
162, 176, 177, 181, 185.
Call to the Unconverted, 88, 108,
142, 159, 182.
Cambridge Platform, 50, 53, 55,
64, 123, 124, 134, 148, 166, 171.
Catechism.
Assembly's Shorter Catechism,
158, 160, 163.
Boston Catechism, 132, 166.
Brief Catechism, 67, 93, 114,
154, 162.
Dorchester Catechism, 130, 161.
Roxbury Catechism, 55, 56.
Salem Catechism, 33, 44, 148.
Short Catechism, 93, 155.
Cause of God and his People, 37,
101, 157.
Chauncey, Charles, 64, 102, 150.
Chauncey, Israel, 94, 102, 155,
156.
Chauncey, Nathaniel, 94, 155.
Cheever, Samuel, 73, 92, 153, 154.
Christian Convenanting Confes-
sion, 83, 154, 168.
Church, E. Dwight, 31, 41, 55,
85, 86, 145-149.
Church-Membership of Children,
101, 157.
Communion of Churches, 113,
161.
Conditions for New Planters, 103,
159.
Congress, Library of, 71, 73, 94,
137, 153-155.
Connecticut Laws, 136, 172.
Cotton, John, 31, 52, 53, 62, 66,
67, 73, 92, 100, 102, 132, 142,
143, 151, 157, 165, 185.
Cotton, Seaborn, 44, 67, 99, 100,
156.
Cry of Sodom, 127, 174.
Daily Meditations, 115, 121, 164,
168.
Danforth, John, 178.
Danforth, Samuel, 35, 36, 39-42,
49, 54, 55, 77, 110, 123, 127,
131, 135, 142, 146, 147, 149,
160, 170, 174, 180.
Davenport, John, 44, 102, 103,
119, 134, 157, 166, 167, 170.
David serving his generation, 174.
Day, Mathew, 17, 39, 41-44, 47,
48, 50, 56, 147, 148.
Day, Stephen, 9, 11-13, 19, 32-
36, 38, 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50,
90, 145-147.
188
Day of Doom, 16, 94, 95, 97-99,
114, 141, 155, 162, 173, 180.
Day of Trouble is Near, 127, 174.
Declaration concerning Execu-
tion of Two Quakers, 73, 153.
Declaration of Former Passages,
15, 37, 38.
Declaration of the Gentlemen of
Boston, 183.
Defence of Answer and Argu-
ments of Synod, 103, 159.
Direction for Public Confession,
131, 161.
Discourse about Civil Govern-
ment, 102, 157.
Discourse concerning Baptism,
175.
Discourse of the Last Judgement,
104, 159.
Drop of Honey, 132, 164.
Dunster, Henry, 11, 36, 38, 41,
42, 44, 55, 60, 64, 72, 149.
Dying Speeches of Several
Indians, 142, 181.
Eames, Wilberforce, 34, 55, 61,
63, 79, 84, 87, 89-91, 93, 114,
117, 162.
Edinburgh University, 83, 119,
154, 162, 167.
Elegie on the Death of Thomas
Shepard, 140, 177.
Eliot, John, 12, 20, 34, 39, 44, 47,
50, 59, 63–65, 70, 72, 77–84, 87–
91, 94, 104-107, 112, 124, 130,
142, 145, 150-152, 155–159, 161,
162, 167, 171, 172, 179–183.
Exhortation unto Reformation,
126, 175.
Eye Salve, 173.
Fisk, John, 44, 68, 152.
Fiske, John, 67, 69, 132, 163.
Fitch, James, 44, 137, 172, 175.
Flint, Josiah, 160.
Floyd, Richard, 105, 152.
Foster, John, 47, 49, 50, 54, 124,
138, 139, 141, 171, 175, 178.
Freeman's Oath, 9, 11, 13-16,
145.
Funeral Elegie on John Winthrop,
131, 161.
Further Queries upon New Eng-
land Affairs, 184.
Genesis, Book of, 65, 150.
Glover, Ann Harris, 9, 11, 41.
Glover, Joseph, 9-12.
God's Call to his People, 119, 167.
God's Mercy showed to his People,
64, 150.
God's Terrible Voice, 119, 132,
133, 164.
Gookin, Daniel, 109, 110, 142.
Gospel of Matthew, 65, 151.
Green, Bartholomew, 48, 51, 54,
94, 99, 135, 143, 144, 185.
Green, Samuel, 17, 23, 36, 43, 45,
47-51, 54-57, 59, 62, 64, 68, 69,
72, 79–81, 84, 87, 92, 94, 97–105,
108, 111, 114, 115, 118, 120, 130,
132, 134, 138–142, 144, 148–184.
Green, Samuel, Jr., 140, 141, 143.
Green, Dr. Samuel, 39, 43, 97, 99,
112, 121, 131, 135, 137, 139, 152.
Green, Timothy, 45, 46, 48.
Haugh, Samuel, 40, 49, 55.
Harvard Theses, 33-36, 39, 42,
55, 68, 134, 137, 140, 146, 147,
169, 175, 182.
189
Harvard University, 11, 32, 137,
145, 182, 185.
Hawkins, Rush C. C., 45-48.
Heart Garrisoned, 139, 176.
Heart of New England Rent, 73,
153.
Higginson, John, 37, 38, 101, 157,
161.
Hobart, Nehemiah, 171.
Holy Connexion, 137, 175.
Hooker, Samuel, 178.
Howell's Predictions, 184.
Humble Proposal, 153.
Hutchinson, Edward, 138, 176,
177.
Indian Dialogues, 113, 124, 171.
Indian Grammar, 88, 113, 162.
Indian Primer, 63, 64, 94, 113,
119, 142, 150, 156, 164, 167, 182.
Innocency's Complaint, 177.
Isle of Pines, 117, 164.
Johnson, Marmaduke, 45, 47, 50,
54, 72, 84, 87-89, 92, 97, 103-
111, 113-117, 119, 154–175, 185.
Joy, George, 177.
Life and Death of Richard Mather,
121, 122, 169.
Logic Primer, 89, 113, 125, 172.
Lowell, Percival, 130, 161.
Lyon, Richard, 42, 60, 72, 149.
Massachusetts Historical Society,
36, 38, 42, 74, 79, 93, 95, 98,
115, 116, 131, 140, 142, 146,
147, 154, 159, 162, 165, 166,
168, 169, 177, 178, 182, 183.
Massachusetts Laws, 14, 33, 35,
44, 45, 56, 58, 63, 69, 73, 75,
102, 135, 136, 138, 146, 148,
150, 151, 154, 158, 160, 171,
172, 176.
Massachusetts State House, 154,
163, 168, 173, 176, 184.
Mather, Cotton, 20, 27, 37, 44,
48, 51, 54, 66, 94–96, 101, 123,
143, 144, 156, 184, 185.
Mather, Eleazar, 123, 124, 135,
171.
Mather, Increase, 70, 102, 121,
122, 124, 126, 127, 135, 139, 149,
169, 174-176, 178, 182, 183.
Mather, Nathaniel, 42.
Mather, Richard, 12, 20, 22, 23,
27, 36, 42, 52, 62, 63, 69, 101,
103, 121, 122, 130, 145, 148,
149, 151, 159, 161, 169.
Mather, Samuel, 27, 36, 135, 170.
Meat out of the Eater, 97, 121,
168, 169.
Meditations on Death, 115, 164,
168.
Mitchel, Jonathan, 42, 94, 95,
103, 109, 110, 123, 135, 156,
159, 171.
Moodey, Joshua, 175.
Morton, Nathaniel, 119, 167.
Narrowgansets Declaration, 15,
37, 38, 147.
Necessity of a well Experienced
Souldiery, 178.
Nehemiah on the Wall, 123, 135,
171.
Nevile, Henry, 117, 164.
New England Freemen Warned,
173.
New England Pleaded with, 137,
173.
190
New Englands First Fruits, 34,
35, 146.
New Englands Jonas cast up at
London, 14, 35, 145, 146.
New Englands Memoriall, 119,
120, 167.
New Englands True Interest, 121,
122, 169.
Newman, H., 182.
New Testament, 89, 92, 93, 155,
179.
New York Public Library, 25, 26,
32, 38, 41, 49, 53, 61, 65, 67, 69,
74, 76, 84, 91, 93, 99, 101, 103,
113, 117, 123, 125, 131, 142, 145,
147–154, 156, 159, 162, 170, 171,
177, 181, 185.
Norris, Edward, 33, 148.
Norton, John, 73, 74, 99, 104, 114,
120, 153, 154, 160, 162.
Nowell, Alex., 57, 103, 158.
Noyes, James, 44, 93, 155.
Oakes, Urian, 49, 54, 65, 137.
Old Mr. Dod's Sayings, 126, 173.
Order of the Deputy-Governor
and Magistrates, 173.
Order of General Court for Emis-
sion of Paper Money, 184.
Ornaments for the Daughters of
Zion, 48, 51, 143, 144, 184, 185.
Oxenbridge, John, 73, 122, 134,
137, 170.
Pain, Phillip, 115, 121, 164, 168.
Peace, the End of the Perfect, 172.
Phillips, Samuel, 180.
Pierce, Richard, 121.
Pierce, William, 9, 16, 17, 145.
Pierson, Abraham, 64, 71, 80, 153.
Practise of Piety, 88, 130, 142,
161, 181.
Pray for the Rising Generation,
140, 178.
Present State of New England,
157.
Prince, Thomas, 13, 20, 23, 24,
27, 28, 30, 32, 40, 60, 79, 100,
101, 114, 135, 143.
Proposal for Contributions, 162.
Propositions concerning Baptism,
94, 156.
Psalms.
Bay Psalm Book, 9, 12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 34, 39, 43, 55, 59, 72,
108, 117, 119, 133, 147, 149.
Metrical Psalms, 158.
Psalms Hymns and Spiritual
Songs, 59, 149, 164.
Psalms in Metre, 152.
Quickening Word for the Hasten-
ing of a Sluggish Soul, 121, 122,
169.
Ranger, Edmund, 61, 126.
Rawson, Grindal, 90, 91.
Richardson, John, 178.
Righteous Man's Evidence, 165.
Righteousness rained from
Heaven, 178.
Rise, Spring, and Foundation of
Anabaptists, 115, 165.
Rogers, Timothy, 116, 165.
Rowlandson, Mrs. Mary, 141,
179, 180.
Rules of the New Creature, 132,
165.
Russel, N., 141, 188.
Russell, Daniel, 121, 167, 180.
191
Scottow, Joshua, 115, 116, 165.
Seasonable Discourse Wherein
Sincerity etc. is pressed,
179.
Seasonable Proposition of Propa-
gating the Gospel, 135, 170.
Seasonable Watch-Word unto
Christians, 140, 178.
Serious Exhortation to the Pres-
ent and Succeeding Genera-
tion, 124, 135, 171.
Sermon Preached at Election,
121, 122, 170.
Shepard, Jeremiah, 135, 170.
Shepard, Thomas, 87, 90, 101,
103, 104, 132, 136, 142, 157,
159, 160, 166, 183.
Shepard, Thomas, the younger,
173.
Sherman, John, 172, 175, 176.
Sibley, J. L., 11, 95, 96, 101.
Sincere Convert, 90, 104, 142,
160, 183.
Some Helps for the Indians, 64,
80, 153.
Souldiers Pocket Bible, 26.
Souldiery Spiritualized, 175.
Soveraignty of God, 141, 179,
180.
Spelling Book, 33, 36, 146.
Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes,
66-68, 90, 132, 142, 143, 151,
165, 185.
Spouse of Christ Coming out of
Affliction, 172.
Stevens, Henry, 24-26, 29, 32,
38, 43, 86.
Stoughton, W., 121, 122, 169.
Summe of Certain Sermons upon
Genes, 23, 62, 63, 149.
Testimony from the Scriptures,
36, 135, 170.
Thacher, John Boyd, 41, 45, 146–
148.
Thankful Remembrance of God's
Mercy, 138, 139, 176.
Thanksgiving Proclamation, 139,
177.
Thomas, Isaiah, 12, 19, 31, 45,
49, 54, 75, 89, 111, 135, 140.
Three Choice and Profitable Ser-
mons, 99, 104, 120, 160.
Tidings from Rome, 133, 165.
Tompson, William, 70.
Torrey, Samuel, 126, 175.
To the Elders and Ministers of
Every Town, 165.
True and Exact Relations of the
Late Prodigious Earthquake,
119, 167.
True Narrative of the Lord's
Providences, 138, 176.
Trumbull, James H., 30, 34, 38,
53, 54, 63, 72, 83, 89, 104, 114,
123, 126, 162.
Tulley, John, 143, 184.
Unconquerable all conquering,
137, 175.
Useful Instructions for a Profess-
ing People, 137, 174.
Usher, Hezekiah, 23, 41, 43, 44,
53, 67, 72, 89, 94, 103, 119.
Usher, J., 119, 120, 121.
Vassall, William, 13, 14, 35, 145.
Verses Made by John Wilson, 68,
152.
Wakeman, Samuel, 126, 174.
Walley, Thomas, 119-121, 166, 167.
192
Ward, Nathaniel, 56, 146.
Watering of the Olive Plant, 67,
68, 132, 152.
Way to a Blessed Estate, 166.
Welde, Thomas, 12, 20, 39, 145.
Wheeler, Thomas, 138, 176, 177.
Whiting, Samuel, 51, 104, 132,
159, 162.
Whitmore, W. H., 55, 58, 63, 67,
69, 74.
Wicked Man's Portion, 139.
Wigglesworth, Michael, 94, 96,
97, 114, 121, 141, 155, 162, 168,
169, 173, 180.
Willard, Samuel, 137, 139, 141,
174, 176.
Williams, W., 180, 181.
Wilson, John, 35, 62, 134, 140,
178.
Winchilsea, Earl of, 119, 167.
Wine for Gospel Wantons, 132,
166.
Winslow, Edward, 13, 14, 17,
53.
Winthrop, John, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16,
17, 22, 34, 38, 39, 131.
Wo to Drunkards, 126, 174.
Yale University, 88, 161, 177,
182, 185.
Young Man's Legacy, 126, 174.
Young Man's Monitor, 133, 166.
13
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