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CONSUMPTION
AND LIQUIDS.
BURT.

ARTES
LIBRARY
1837
SCIENTIA
VERITAS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
ان
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QUAERIS PENINSULAM AMOENAMU?
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H
TUBERCULOSIS
OR
PULMONARY CONSUMPTION
ITS
PROPHYLAXIS AND CURE
BY
SURALIMENTATION
OF
LIQUID FOOD.
BY
W. H. BURT, M. D.,
OF CHICAGO, ILL.,
AUTHOR OF CHARACTERISTIC MATERIA MEDICA, PHYSIOLOGICAL MATERIA
MEDICA, THERAPEUTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS OR PULMONARY CON-
SUMPTION, POLYPORUS OFFICINALIS, POLYPORUS
PINICOLA USTILAGO MAIDES, AND CHIN-
CHONA OFFICINALIS.
CHICAGO:
W. T. KEENER,
96 WASHINGTON ST.
1890.
21
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1890, by
WILLIAM H. BURT, M. D.,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
All rights reserved.

12-28-04
ΤΟ
M. LE DR. J. P. JOUSSET,
OF PARIS, FRANCE,
IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF HIS HIGH
ATTAINMENTS IN THE FIELD OF
CLINICAL MEDICINE,
AND IN TOKEN OF A WARM
PERSONAL ESTEEM, THIS VOLUME IS MOST
CORDIALLY DEDICATED.
THE AUTHOR.
INTRODUCTION.
IT IS estimated that more than one-eighth of the
entire mortality of the human family is due to the
fatal ravages of tuberculosis. Any treatment, there-
fore, that will lessen this great mortality, will be
accepted by man, as not only a blessing, but a great
boon to those suffering with this fatal malady.
Eight months ago, while reading about the won-
derful cure of obesity in Prince Bismarck, by taking
away all liquids and the carbo-hydrates, and putting
him upon a nitrogenous diet, this flashed through my
mind: If the taking away of water and the carbo-
hydrates from an obese person will arrest the obesity,
will not the giving of an abundance of water, com-
ingled with the carbo-hydrates, cure all wasting dis-
eases, especially that of tuberculosis; at once I re-
solved to give this hint a clinical test, and the results
have surpassed my most sanguine expectations, and
I now have the great pleasure to announce that the
suralimentation of liquid food is not only the greatest
of all known prophylactics, but that it will actually
arrest and cure tuberculosis, or pulmonary consump-
tion. When used in the first and second stages of
phthisis, it will enable the physician to cure more
than fifty per cent. of the patients that would have
to die, with the best methods known to medical
science up to the present date. In the third, or last
stage, it will give only temporary relief. All persons
5
6
INTRODUCTION.
suffering from wasting diseases, and particularly that
of tuberculosis, require considerable more food than
people in health, on account of the greater bodily
waste going on in the system. The digestive powers
of the system in those suffering with phthisis have no
relation to the appetite; when liquid food is intro-
duced into the digestive canal, an immense quantity
will be digested and assimilated perfectly, with the
result of building up nutrition, and reproducing the
appetite.
Suralimentation (excess of food) of liquid food,
produces rapid gain in weight and strength of the
body; surpassing anything known to science.
When fluid food is taken in excess the general
atonic condition of the body, with its emaciation and
debility, gives away to increased nutrition and ton-
icity. The cough, expectoration, hectic fever and
night sweats cease under the influence of the surali-
mentation of water, with greater rapidity than by any
other agent known to the physician.
Water is the most important of all liquid foods;
over three quarters of the human body being water,
it follows, therefore, that over three quarters of our
food should be water.
Water is the greatest tonic that can enter the
human body; when taken into the system, it assists in
building up the organism and repairing its tissues
when worn out.
Water constitutes a part of every tissue in the
human body; both uncombined and also chemically
combined, with the tissues in such a way that it can-
not be driven off by evaporation.
Water maintains a proper bulk in both the blood
and tissues, rendering them mobile and soft, instead
of dry and hard.
*
INTRODUCTION.
7
}
Water holds in solution the waste matter of the
body and transports it out of the system.
Water takes up the waste heat of the body and
caries it away, and three quarters of our bodies being
water, it wastes with every breath and motion of the
body; and this waste must be constantly restored by
a fresh supply.
Water is the natural beverage of man; it slakes
his thirst, and cools his blood in warm weather and
during a fever. When taken hot, it carries heat into
the circulation, after exposure to cold.
Water is essentially requisite in the process of
digestion and absorption, and as a food solvent.
Water promotes an active circulation of the fluids,
and accelerates albuminous metabolism.
Water increases the activity of the kidneys and
the amount of urine secreted.
Water, in large quantities, increases the elimina-
tion of urea, and in this way acts as an accelerator
of nutritive changes.
Water, passing from the fluid form to that of vapor,
is the means of keeping down body temperature,
which otherwise would rise to a point incompatible
not only with the capacity for exertion, but with life
itself.
Water being exhaled in great quantities from the
skin, renders drink imperative, whether it be in the
tropics, or the heat of iron works, or in stoke holes.
Water, to the amount of six pints, is required
daily, to meet the water loss by the kidneys, skin and
lungs, to sustain the normal adult body in health;
and twice that amount in wasting diseases.
Water is required for the secretion of the saliva,
the gastric juice, the bile, the pancreatic flow, and the
intestinal secretions.
+
**
7
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A
4
4
$
8
INTRODUCTION.
Water drunk copiously at our meals does not
dilute the gastric juice, but greatly assists digestion.
Water enters into the composition, in greater or
less proportion, of all solid and liquid foods, and is
the essential basis of all our beverages.
Suralimentation of liquid food should always have
combined, and used in conjunction with it, the best
remedies known to medical science, and with this in
view, I have added all of the most practical remedies
in our literature, together with all of the auxiliaries
at our command, so as to make this volume practical
and complete. The pathology has been omitted, as
every physician has it well written up in his library.
ÆTIOLOGY.
A FEW words as to the cause of tuberculosis.
To me its neural origin is as plain as any fact in
pathology: its real cause being a debility, pareses
or neurasthenia of the organic nervous system;
the cerebro-spinal being in strong sympathy with
the organic. This neural debility produces mal-nu-
trition with tubercular infiltration and all its symp-
toms.
It is a well-known law in nature, that like produces
like. Now, when one, or especially both parents are
afflicted with tuberculosis, their offspring have, at the
moment of conception, this tubercular diathesis
stamped upon their bodies, and ninety children in
every hundred, born of such parents, will die of tu-
bercular consumption.
The physical make-up of a tubercular patient,
which is stamped upon him in utero, and during the
whole period of his organic life, is shown by the large
cerebrum, small cerebellum, slender neck and chin,
contracted, long, flat thorax, with its small antero-
posterio diameter, creating the impression as if the
arched chest-wall had sunken in, or the vertical diam-
eter had been enlarged at the expense of the sterno-
vertebral diameter. With this there is thinness of
the adipose layer and muscular tissue and slight
inspiratory elevation of the chest. The term "para-
lytic thorax" describes this appearance very appro-
9
10
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
priately. The separation of the clavicles from the
chest-wall is caused in part by the emaciation of the
soft parts, but only attains higher grades by the
sinking in of the thorax over the retracted apices of
the lungs. The separation of the scapulæ also results
from the thinness of the adipose tissue, and the ema-
ciation and atony of the muscles (trapezius, rhom-
boids, latissimis dorsi, serratus) and is found most
distinctly when the neck is "hollow," i. e., when there
is marked convexity of the upper dorsal vertebræ,
with compensatory lordosis of the lower dorsal and
lumber spine, as is found so often in a long thorax.
The flatness of the thorax and its small antero-
posterio diameter are best recognized when the chest
is looked at from the side, the arms being raised.
Still more convincing are the figures obtained by
means of Woilldez's cyrtometer. On the following
page I show you a few of these sections made through
the spinous process of the ninth dorsal vertebra and
the base of the xiphoid appendage, and in patients
between the ages of twenty-five and forty years, as
a matter of course, they are greatly reduced in size.
Taken from Dr. H. Von Ziemssen's Etiology, Diag-
nosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis.
It takes but a small exciting cause to develop in
such a party, a well-marked case of consumption; as
for example, puberty with its manifold excitements
and depressions; excesses of all kinds, especially sex-
ual; dampness; want of exercise; occupation; bad
ventilation; physical exposure in cold damp atmos-
phere, climate, etc.; anything which tends to ener-
vate such people. Their effects will soon be shown in
the peripheral nerve endings of the great sympa-
thetic nerve in the lungs, or any other organ the
disease centers upon.

оо

FIG. 1.-Phthisical Woman, aged 28
years. Narrowing of the left side.
FIG. 2.-Phthisical Man, aged 25 years.
Soft parts extremely emaciated.
ос
FIG. 3.-Normal Thorax, firm muscles,
man aged 32 years.

11
FIG. 4.-Ectatic Thorax in an Em-
physematous man of 40 years.
12
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
SUMPTION
This innervation, neurasthenia, paresis, or neuro-
sis, is shown to us in capital letters in the
1. General Atonic Condition of the Body.
2. Emaciation and Debility.
3. Dyspnoea.
4. Hæmoptisis.
5. Cough and Expectoration.
6. Hectic Fever.
7. Asthma.
8. Thoracic Pains.
9. Diarrhoea.
10. Night Sweats.
11. Aphthæ.
12. Edema.
13. Bed Sores.
That the animal nervous system is involved, as
well as the organic, is shown to us by many patho-
logical facts. For example:-when the lungs are
involved, the functions of the vagi are greatly inter-
fered with, producing dyspnoea and asthma. Brown
Sequard found that if the base of the brain of an
animal was injured, it would produce hæmorrhage
in the lungs, showing the direct action of the pneu-
mogastric nerve upon the capillary vessels of the
lungs.
This paresis, or innervation of the lung capillary
vessels in almost all cases, commences in the apices
of the lungs, in the lobules that are used the least,
and the first organic lesion in pulmonary tuberculo-
sis is always found in the apices of the lungs; the
capillary vessels of these fine lobules become con-
gested, tubercular infiltration soon take place, with
softening, hæmorrhage, followed by ulceration, with
all the other symptoms of phthisis. The first pulmo-
nary hæmorrhage of tuberculous individuals does not
ETIOLOGY.
13
come from healthy tissue, but from diseased lobules
of the lung.
In every case of consumption, and other wasting
diseases, there is present from the first inception of the
malady, a marked inability to appropriate a normal
quantity of Oxygen by respiration. This may be owing
to structural defects; confinement indoors, in a viti-
ated atmosphere, nervous debility, or catarrhal dis-
eases of the air-passages. Let the cause be what it
may, so soon as a normal quantity of Oxygen fails to
reach the blood and tissues, the digestive and assimi-
lative powers fail, followed by a feeble circulation of
the blood and mal-nutrition. The earliest defect in
digestion is in the direction of fatty matters, for the
reason that there is not present a sufficient quantity
of Oxygen to utilize these foods. Every one hundred
parts of fat, requires two hundred and ninety-five
parts of Oxygen for its perfect transformation into
tissue; and failure to get Oxygen, means want of
power to digest fatty foods, consequently there is a
steady waste of tissues, with all that this implies.
This is true not only of carbonaceous foods, but of
all foods, as the quantity of Oxygen present deter-
mines the capacity to digest any and every kind of
food. Now Carbon in the human system, as elsewhere
in nature, is converted into potential energy only
when it meets with Oxygen. Carbon and Oxygen are
the great force producing elements of life; when these
are abundantly furnished to the victim of wasting
disease, assimilation is stimulated and all kinds of
food can soon be utilized. (If pure distilled rain
water is charged with Carbonic acid and drunk to su-
ralimentation, the system has just what it is praying
for, assimilation will be stimulated, and the tissues
will resume their normal life again. Water is com-
*
1
鹦
​14
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
posed of Oxygen aud Hydrogen; the air, of Oxygen
and Nitrogen, and with the addition of Carbonic
Acid, we have about all the elements of the human
body; and this is the scientific explanation why
water with the carbo-hydrates is so successful in the
treatment of tuberculosis.) But as soon as the func-
tions of the lungs are impaired and we have feeble
respiration, we also have a feeble circulation, and the
blood does not give off its Carbonic acid, which poi-
sons and retards nutrition, producing loss of appe-
tite, and all the factors that go to produce tubercu-
losis.
Tubercular Bacillus.-Dr. Koch's theory of the
bacillus as being the cause of tubercular consump-
tion, has been accepted by a great majority of our
profession. This beautiful, but impractical theory, I
have tried hard to accept, but after having read
about all that has been written upon it in the Eng-
lish language, I am sorry to say, I cannot accept it.
To me, no more silly, and unscientific craze has ever
found a foot-hold in scientific pathological medicine,
than this Bacillus Theory, and I predict, that in ten
years from to-day, the great majority of physicians
that accept it now, will have discarded it as a delu-
sion. If Dr. Koch is right, these five corollaries nat-
urally grow out of it, viz.: contagion, ætiology, diag-
nosis prognosis and treatment are settled. But is this
a fact? No, most emphatically no. Is it contagious?
No, and not over one-half of the physicians that ac-
cept the bacilli theory, believe that it is. But it
would be if they were right. The intimate contact of
a wife with a husband dying with phthisis, or vice
versa, or the intimate contact of the nursling with a
phthisical mother or nurse; the kisses of a tubercu-
lous mother; or the inhalation of the breath and
ETIOLOGY.
15
dried sputa from phthisical patients; or the infection
of the child's food with the bacilli. All these, if it was
contagious, would soon give us positive evidence.
But have they done so? No. The best writers on this
subject are none of them quite satisfied. In the Refer-
ence Hand Book of Medical Science we read: "But
after all, the immense amount of clinical observation
on this point at the command of every experienced
practitioner, must convince us that the danger is far
less than would first appear.
"" And Dr. H. Von
Ziemssen says: "We must, therefore, still cling to
heredity as the explanation of the enormous fre-
quency of tuberculosis in the children of tuberculous
parents. Every day the physician sees tuberculosis
reap its rich harvest among the progeny of a tuber-
culous father or mother. The children of such
parents grow up scrofulous in childhood, and perish
tuberculous in youth. We must wait for the expla-
nation of its contagion, for the further development
of our science." There is much evidence to show that
tuberculosis is exceedingly rare among the Jewish
nation. Why? Simply because they spring from a
good, non-tuberculous stock, contagion and heredity
cannot effect them.
Transmission of Phthisis in Married Life.-M.
Leudet has occupied himself with collecting some
statistics on the question of whether a wife can give
phthisis to her husband, or a husband to his wife.
He has taken 112 widows and widowers, whose hus-
bands or wives respectively have died in undoubted
phthisis. Out of these seven were phthisical; but sev-
eral of them had facts in their previous history,
before marriage, showing a phthisical tendency. His
reference was, therefore, that the transmission of
phthisis in married life must be very rare; even more
16
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS."
t
rare in the upper classes than in the middle and
lower. In 80 out of these 112 cases there was a fam-
ily history which he could follow; and 27 of these
showed some members who were phthisical.—The
Practitioner.
The doctrine of the contagiousness of phthisis is
working a great evil in the outside world. A case in
point: A nervous timid lady living in Chicago, has
been in the habit of going every fall to Florida, and
spending the winter. Last summer she happened to
read in a paper that phthisis was very contagious. In
the fall she went as usual to Florida, and she met in
every hotel and boarding-house, numbers of phthisi-
cal patients, and the most that greeted her ears, was,
the constant coughing of these patients; this so
worked on her mind that she imagined there were in
every room, on every wall and in every bed, millions
of these wicked and poisonous bacilli laying in wait
for her, ready any moment to inoculcate her with con-
sumption. She became so terribly frightened that in
two weeks, packed her trunk and returned to Chicago.
Now there are thousands of timid, but healthy peo-
ple just like this lady, where this nonsensical doctrine
is working a great physical injury. Already the
State Board of Health of California has been greatly
exercised over this supposed danger. It even sug-
gested in a recent bulletin, the advisability of estab-
lishing a strict quarantine against consumptives
until measures of isolation and disinfection could be
undertaken. The daily press has taken up this ques-
tion, and the result is a monster scare all over the
State.
I am perfectly satisfied that phthisis is not con-
tagious, but I can imagine, that, by simple contact
in nursing phthisical patients if the pus and mucus of
ETIOLOGY.
17
the phthisical person were taken in large enough
quantities, into the system, it might be infectious;
the same as a fly might produce syphilis. If a fly
should light on a syphilitic ulcer, crawl about and
feed on it, then immediately light on the moist mucus
membrane of a man's genitalia, the result would be
that he would have syphilis. Was the fly the cause
of the syphilis? Most certainly not; it was simply
the carrier of the poison. The same might be the
case with the tuberculous bacilli. A man can never
inhale enough of these bacilli by simply associating
with a phthisical patient, to produce phthisis, but
they might cause it when injected directly into the
tissues.
The early diagnosis of pythisis is of the most vital
importance to the patient, but the detection of tuber-
culous bacilli at this stage of the disease is utterly im-
possible; even in a later stage when extensive tuber-
cular deposits exist, often they cannot be found. A
case like this has just come under my personal obser-
vation. A patient suffering with phthisis went to the
erudiate professor of practice in Rush Medical Col-
lege, he examined the sputa carefully with the micro-
scope, could find no bacilli, pronounced the case not
phthisis, but chronic bronchitis, advised the patient
to go to Denver, and he soon would be well. He went
to Denver, and came back a corpse in seven weeks,
having succumbed to genuine phthisis. Now this is a
well educated physician, second to none in the city,
and if he cannot detect these bacilli in the advanced
stages of phthisis, of what practical use is this
theory?
As to the value of the theory in prognosis, it has
none. Patients can be found by the score, going rap-
idly down, losing flesh and strength from day to day,
2
18
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
whose expectoration after repeated microscopical
examinations is found to contain but few, and often.
no bacilli, because of the cheesy matter not having
entered the bronchi. While on the other hand, large
numbers of the bacilli might be found in the sputa of
of those whose disease was advancing but зlowly, or
not at all.
In regard to treatment based on the discovery of
the bacilli tuberculosis, aside from cleanliness, it is
pronounced by the best and most able living physi-
cians, as absolutely valueless, and in many cases
harmful. Antiseptics are only of value in the way of
cleanliness and removing morbid secretions. The
germicidal treatment with Iodoform, Corrosive Sub-
limate, Creosote, Acetate of Lead, Tannin and
Benzoate of Soda, have been signal failures.
The strongest argument that can be used against
the bacillus theory, is this: Cod Liver Oil has cured
thousands of cases of phthisis. The attenuated
homœopathic remedy has cured many thousands
of cases, and the suralimentation of liquids have
cured many cases. Can any of these kill the bacilli
tuberculosis? The answer is no; on the contrary,
they are decidedly favorable to the growth and
But how do they
propogation of the bacillus.
cure? Why, by so acting upon the nerve filaments
of organic life that nutrition is stimulated, and the
tissues resume their normal functions again.
Bacteria. These Micro-organisms,schezomycetes,
bacilli, or bacteria, are found everywhere; in the air,
on the surface of the ground, in our food, and in the
water. Of what use are these micro-organisms?
Why, of great use; some cause the fermentation of
the yeast plant; some that of Alcohol; some that of
Acetic acid, and some that of putrefaction of dead
ÆTIOLOGY.
19
animals and vegetables. What are their uses in
man? Why, they are man's true scavengers, and are
found wherever there is disease, with inflammation,
ulceration, or decomposition in any of its forms.
Their food is decomposition, and if it were not for
these micro-organisms absorbing the poisonous
ptomains and gases produced by disease, man would
be destroyed from off the face of the earth. Instead
of bacteria being a cause of disease, they are only the
effects, and are one of God's greatest blessings to
man. Pasteur rightly concluded, that bacteria are
necessary for the life of animals and plants; for with-
out their agency in the putrefactive disintegration of
dead bodies, the higher plants incapable of feeding
upon the complex molecules of dead animals and
plants, would die.
PROPHYLAXIS.
Prophylaxis.-Here is where the physician can
prove himself of absolute use to his patient. It is in
the prophylaxis of this fatal disease, that the greatest
triumph of the fluid diet is shown. When a person
having a predisposition to consumption, with a deli-
cate constitution, shows signs of defective nutrition,
with steady diminution in the weight of the body, it
has a decidedly unfavorable significance, and so much
the more, the more rapidly it progresses. On the
contrary, a steady, though slowly increasing weight,
informs the patient that his condition is growing
more satisfactory, and he is physically walking away
from consumption. Just here, nothing known to
science up to the present moment, can equal the nutri-
ent fluids, to invigorate the debilitated constitution
and nourish the wasting tissues. Nutrition is the
grand factor in the prevention of tuberculosis. If we
fail in nutrition, our patient is lost. But if we succeed
in nutrition, to build up and fatten the tissues, we can
bid defiance to that great destroyer, tuberculosis. It
is always understood that with these fluids he should
eat in addition a well selected solid diet. What favors
the development of tuberculosis? Why, very little
recreation, no exercise in the open air, monotonous
diet, loss of sleep, confinement to the atmosphere of
one ill-ventilated room, especially a badly ventilated
sleeping-room; mental disturbances, spiritual strug-
20
PROPHYLAXIS.
21
gles and particularly worry, associated with deep
remorse. This will soon produce anæmia muscular
weakness, dyspnoea, and tubercular infiltration of the
lungs. Our prisons give us fine examples of these
truths. Tuberculosis has a mortality three to four
times greater in prisons than among the free popula-
tion.
The most important prophgylactic measures to
take: Instead of remaining in doors, out-door exer-
cise; instead of exhausting constant work in doors,
regular, not too exhaustive out-door exercise with
intervals of rest; instead of meagre fare, a generous
mixed diet combined with a large quantity of the
fluid, the fluid being taken, at least, every half-hour
between meals. Joined with this, the patient should
sleep at least nine hours in the twenty-four. If the
patient be wealthy, recreation should be sought in
mountain or sea air. The climbing of the mountain
will not only cause him to take deep respiration of
the purest air that can be found, but will increase his
lung capacity, something greatly to be desired in the
feeble-chested consumptive. Nothing should be left
undone, that will increase and deepen the breathing
capacity of a phthisical patient. Very important is
an erect carriage of the body, with gymnastic exer-
cise, so as to develop the muscles of the chest; also,
pure, fresh, unlimited amount of air, at all hours, at
all times, and in all places. Pure air is not to be
found in crowded habitations, in work-shops, in
school-rooms, in church-rooms, in theatres, or in a
crowd anywhere.
It has been determined statistically, with regard to
the soldiers of the French and English armies, that the
number of phthisical affections rapidly diminishes
with the beginning of war operations and manœuvres,
22
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
and rises at once with the return to peaceful life in
the barracks. The German army undoubtedly owes
its slight tuberculosis morbidity not alone to the
careful selection of recruits, and to the good hygenic
condition of the barracks, but chiefly to the marches
and other open-air exercises which are carried out
regularly during the summer and winter.
"This is also true of all seminaries, orphan asy-
lums, and schools of a conventional character. The
greater the interference with the free movements of
the youthful individual, the more frequent is tubercu-
losis in such institutions. Fourcault's examples fur-
nish the most striking proof of this. In fact, state
supervision of the hygiene of seminaries and similar
institutions, especially girls' boarding-schools, is
urgently required. The degree of freedom and of
active out-door exercise among the youth is much too
small. Even in the public schools, especially the
middle schools, the youth suffer from pedantic re-
striction of the enjoyment of fresh air in the intervals
between lessons, owing to the over-anxious care for
order and discipline. At home also, the child must
return to his lessons immediately after lunch. There
are, no doubt, many bright pupils who easily master
their home lessons in an hour, and then have time for
walks, play, or instruction in music, but the average
pupil, if industrious, works the greater part of the
afternoon and evening at his lessons, and goes into
the open air very little, or not at all. How many
constitutions are destroyed yearly by this preposter-
ous mode of life. Look at the pale, lean, boys and
girls as they leave school tired and worn at the end
of the school day, and compare them with English
boys and girls, who are permitted to enjoy every free
moment, in school as well as out, in playing ball,
PROPHYLAXIS.
23
climbing, wrestling, rowing, etc. What a difference
in the complexion, the brightness of the eyes, the
activity of the bodily movements?
Methodical exercises in mountain-climbing, form an
extremely efficient curative agent in chronic pulmon-
ary disease, and are so much the more efficient, the
higher the plateau from which the patient starts, the
more rarified the air, and the slighter the atmospheric
pressure; and the more free from dust, fog, rain and
wind, the better.
This methodical exercise accelerates the respira-
tion, deepens the breathing, expands the lungs,
strengthens and develops the thoracic muscles,
increases the circulation in the lungs, thereby pro-
ducing perfect nutrition. If no mountain is close by,
the patient should erect an inclined plane out in the
open air, twenty or more feet high, and make a regu-
lar business of walking slowly up and down this
inclined plane, from three to six times a day. Each
exercise should last until he becomes quite tired.
This will greatly increase the lung capacity, thereby
producing perfect nutrition. This inclined plane
can easily be
made out of
common lum-
ber in this
shape, with .
small cleats

nailed across
the plank, so
as to make the walking good. When the weather will
not permit of this out-of-door exercise, open the
doors and windows to get good air, and then climb
your stairs in the house, in the same methodical way,
and thus nutrition will be increased, and the lung
24
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
capacity developed, although not so well as it would
be out in the open atmosphere. Select for this in-
clined plane a spot where there will be much sunshine.
The amount of effort required, and the result should
be carefully noted, so that the patient's strength will
not be overtaxed.
It is time that medical influence should be extended
to securing sufficient physical recreation to properly
develop muscular vigor. These games and exercise
should be taken in the open air, and so selected that
all the muscles of the body will be invigorated and
developed, especially those of the thorax, so that the
vital capacity of the lungs will be constantly in-
creased. This can be done by various gymnastic ex-
ercises, singing, playing wind instruments, base-ball,
turning, skating, running, swinging the Indian clubs,
tennis, hunting, horse-back riding, rowing, bicycling
and especially mountain climbing.
The erect posture and the practice of deep breath-
ing are of vital importance to those who are the least
suspicious of an hereditary taint towards tuberculosis.
(To those in moderate circumstances that cannot
afford a trip to the mountains, or the sea-shore, an
excellent substitute is a stay in the country, more or
less remote from the large cities, and every moment
of favorable weather must be spent in the open air).
Physical Culture Clubs should be, formed by all
phthisical people to play lawn-tennis. Playing lawn-
tennis is the best open air physical exercise a woman
can take. The best stimulant for nutrition is appro-
priate exercise, which by accelerating the circulation
and respiration, and thereby causing natural wast-
ing of the tissues, excites the demand for substance
to repair it. The object of respiration is constantly
to introduce into the blood from the atmospheric
PROPHYLAXIS.
25
air, a certain amount of Oxygen, and constantly to
give off from the blood to the air a corresponding
amount of Carbonic acid gas. Perfect nutrition, then,
is the perfect union of Oxygen with carbonic acid gas
in the lungs. This calls for perfect ventilation in the
sick room. While the giving off of carbonic acid gas by
the lungs makes no impression upon the mass of the
atmosphere at large, it soon sensibly deteriorates the
amount of air inclosed in a moderate sized room, the
breathing of which is most destructive to the phthis-
ical invalid. Instead of inhaling only Oxygen and ni-
trogen, and expiring Carbonic acid gas and Nitrogen,
he takes in a sensible amount of Carbonic acid at each
inspiration, which prevents perfect combustion in the
lungs by poisoning the arterial blood, rendering it
unfit for nutrition; the lungs become irritated and
burdened with loss of appetite, a watery condition of
the blood, and every condition of the system takes
place to hasten the disease to a fatal end. A proper
ventilation of the rooms occupied by the patient is,
therefore, absolutely necessary, and this especially
applies to the sleeping-room. Mankind spend one-
third of their life in sleep, while the invalid remains
in bed much longer. How important, then, is it to
secure a pure breathing air during this period.
PARIS, March 7th, 1890.
Dr. Dujardin-Beaumetz read a report on a work
by Dr. Nicaise, at the last meeting of the Academy of
Medicine, in support of his candidateship as a mem-
ber of that learned body, the subject of the work
being the treatment of phthisis by the permanent
aeration of the dwellings occupied by phthisical
patients, particularly the rooms in which they sleep:
this to be effected by keeping the windows constantly
26
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
ajar, even in winter, measures being at the same time
taken to prevent the patients being cold. Dr. Dett-
weiler has proved that phthisical patients can live in
the open air. In the establishment at Falkenstein,
of an altitude of one thousand three hundred and
twelve feet, in the midst of woods, the phthisical
patients pass their time in the open air in all seasons.
The results obtained are very favorable. It is reck-
oned that there are twenty-five per cent. of absolute
cures, and twenty-seven per cent. of relative cures.
Aeration is therefore very useful for tuberculous sub-
jects. The researches of Dr. Nicaise have shown that
at Carabaul a room with a southern aspect and a
temperature which at sunset was 14° C., the window
having been left wide open all day, could be main-
tained at about 10° C. during the night, even when
the temperature fell to 2° C., if the shutters were
closed and if the windows were left ajar about thirty
or forty centimetres. In these conditions the aera-
tion of the room, which was provided with a chimney,
was perfect, and the temperature very acceptable, pro-
vided that the patient is warmly covered in his bed.
These points are very important. It is true that the
air respired by tuberculous subjects does not contain
bacilli, but with them, as with healthy subjects, the
expired air contains irrespirable gases; and the re-
searches of MM. Brown-Sequard and d'Arsonval have
shown the existence of volatile products and of tox-
ines. These substances are dangerous to breathe;
they end by accumulating in the rooms where the
aeration is imperfect; it is therefore very important
to get rid of them. Dr. Dujardin-Beaumetz thinks
that it will be good practice to accustom phthisical
patients gradually to live in an atmosphere properly
renewed, which may be affected by certain arrange-
PROPHYLAXIS.
27
ments which should not inconvenience the inmates.
He adds that the non-success of specific medications.
in tuberculosis should engage us to ameliorate the
hygiene of tuberculous subjects. To procure them
proper aeration would be a real progress, but this
must not be considered sufficient, and he concludes
his report by insisting on the necessity of associating
to the hygienic means a rational pharmaceutical
treatment.
In cases of great weakness, emaciation and loss of
appetite, when tuberculosis is not active, massage of
the muscles of the body can be practiced with great
benefit, and frequently with decided gain in weight
and appetite, with improved digestion.
The choice of the life occupation, to those who
have a tubercular predisposition, is of vital import-
ance. Those occupations are to be selected which
will bring the patient in constant contact with the
fresh out-door air, and maintain the muscular and
respiratory systems in vigorous action. I would first
of all, select the occupation of a butcher for a phthis-
ical patient, and have him do his own slaughtering.
The act of taking life cultivates vitativeness, and
every animal he kills adds new life to his, as nothing
else will, known to man. Others favorable, are farm-
ing, forestry, gardening, marine service, military ser-
vice, theology and medicine. In the latter, the whole
world is open to him and it is the best profession he
can follow.
Avoid those occupations which entail constant
stay in the impure air of closed rooms, and insufficient
muscular activity; and a sudden change from life in
the open air to that of indoors, is particularly to be
avoided.
The prophylaxis against phthisis should date from
28
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
birth. An infant should not nurse a mother who is
consumptive, or whose milk is of poor quality. If a
healthy wet-nurse cannot be secured, the bottle and
cow's or goat's milk will be better for the child.
Phthisical patients should not live on a low humid
soil, or work underground in mines from which light,
as well as pure air, is excluded. A deficiency of good
wholesome food is another exciting cause of phthisis.
They should not breathe air laden with foul vapors,
or fine particles of dust. Avoid hot crowded apart-
ments, and sudden changes in temperature. All sit-
ting and sleeping rooms should be provided with fire-
places, and never left long without a fire.
Flannels should be worn next the skin the year
round, selecting white or bluish-white. The white
flannel permits a free escape of Carbonic acid gas,
while red and other dark colors interfere with its es-
cape. The supposed liability to, and danger of, catch-
ing cold often leads phthisical patients to wear an
over-plus of clothing. When they strip for examina-
tion of the chest, not unfrequently they remove two
or three undershirts, a woolen or fur chest-protector,
an oil-silk jacket, or chamois-skin vest. The body is
kept in constant perspiration by these articles. They
occasion, not only discomfort,.but debility. Comfort
should be the governing principle in clothing. Art-
icles of dress should be adapted to the seasons and to
changes of temperature so as to secure comfort. This
should be the guide to the patient, so as to avoid an
over-plus of clothing. The underclothing should be
of white flannel, or lambs wool, encasing the whole
body and lower extremities, with woolen socks or
stockings, the feet of which should always be white.
During the summer months the under flannel should
be made of lighter material. During out-door exer-
PROPHYLAXIS.
29
cise, as carriage riding, the patient must prevent the
chilling effect of radiation from his body, by wrap-
ping up warmly in rugs and furs, with heat to the
feet. It is very important to keep the arms warm
days, and especially nights. Cold arms act as refrig-
erators to the blood immediately before it is dis-
charged into the heart and lungs.
Hydro-Therapeutics.-This is an important
agent in the prophylaxis of phthisis, as well as in its
more advanced stages. Water, in its various forms,
is the best, simplest, and most acceptable means for
strengthening and hardening a feeble body, which is
predisposed to catarrhs and colds. Even the simple
rubbing of the entire surface, immediately after rising
from bed, with a wet cold cloth, accustoms the skin
to sudden cooling, exercises the neuro-muscular sys-
tem of the peripheral arteries to prompt reaction,
and acts as a thermic irritant centripitally on the
central nervous system; and from thence acts eccen-
trically, stimulating the innervation and functions of
respiration, circulation and digestion. The tempera-
ture of the water should range from 90° F. to 40° F.,
commencing with the high for one-half a minute, and
ending with the low temperature occupying one min-
ute. The rubbing should be brief and the cloth
should be well rung out; our object being to exercise
a thermic and mechanical irritation on the cutaneous
nerves, and vessels, and not to withdraw considerable
heat from the body. This would happen if much cold
water were left in the cloth, and it should be entirely
warmed at the expense of the bodily heat. In feeble
individuals, whose appetite and assimilation are be-
low par, add to the water, after the third week, one-
half to one pound of common salt, and one-quarter
of litre of mother-lye to one quart of water, making
30
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
an artificial brine. This exercises a more vigorous
and prolonged stimulus on the nervous system, than
the simple thermal irritant, and, like the action of
the brine bath, increases the nutritive changes and the
desire for food.
These rubbings may be carried out even in the
poorest families, entail no expense, and are adapted
to every occupation of the patient, in as much as
they are performed in the morning immediately after
rising, after which the patient may dress, eat break-
fast, and then attend to his work. He is advised to
exercise in the open air, if the weather permits, and
he should not take breakfast until half an hour later.
Very delicate individuals, particularly women, may
be permitted to take a cup of warm coffee, or tea, be-
fore the rubbing.
Patients who have no attendant to perform the
mechanical work of rubbing, must rub themselves, ast
well as they can, with large towels or obtain an appa-
ratus for a shower douche. The shower bath does
not entirely replace the rubbing, because the intense
mechanical irritation and the uniform application to
the entire surface, are wanting, but it is nevertheless
a valuable means of hardening and strengthening the
body.
The effect of this simple procedure, which may be
varied in different ways, is one of the best that can be
attained by the physician. It removes the sensitive-
ness to changes of temperature, wind, and moisture,
and the tendency to colds, removes the constant
gentle perspiration, the everlasting nasal and bron-
chial catarrh, the rheumatic disposition, etc. It
gives to the body freshness and elasticity, which can
only be secured in a similar way by brine or sea
baths. In sea bathing, the chemical and thermal
PROPHYLAXIS.
31.
action of the cold salt water and the mechanical irri-
tation of the movement of the waves, come into play,
together with the rapid movement of the air, which
is almost free from dust and bacteria while rich in
water and chlorid of sodium. All these factors stim-
ulate and invigorate the nervous system, and
through it all the functions of the organism, particu-
larly the appetite, nutrition; and of the respiratory
apparatus, which is forced to take deep respirations
and whose epithelium is strengthened by the rapid
motion and the quality of the air.
A full warm bath should be taken by the patient
two or three times a week.
Climate. The selection of a suitable climate for a
phthisical patient is a matter of considerable import-
ance. What is really required is a cool temperate
climate in an elevated country free from great alter-
ations of temperature, which should range from 55°
to 65° F. during the day, and from 45° to 55° at
night. There should be a clear bright sun, as much
as possible, with but little moisture in the air. In
such a climate exercise can be taken daily, in the open
invigorating atmosphere, which will greatly aid
nutrition. In this country this climate can be best
found in the elevated mountain slopes of Colorado,
New Mexico, Texas, California and Georgia. To a
less extent in Virginia, Kentucky, Adirondacks, Mich-
igan, Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana and Minne-
sota. The foreign resorts are in Egypt, Algiers, Nice,
Mentone, Nassau, Lima, Rio Janeiro, Cuba and the
West India Islands.
The essential requisite to a favorable climate is a
high altitude, of from 4000 to 8000 feet above the
ocean level, where we have the elements of dryness,
equability, and a pure rarefied atmosphere. A
32
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
patient who in health has found cold weather more
favorable to vigor and well-being, than warm
weather, will be likely to find a cold climate more
beneficial than a warm climate, and vice versa; and a
cold climate is better suited to men than to women.
In many patients it will be found that the agencies
by which a favorable influence is exerted relate to
accessory or incidental circumstances more than to
purely climatic conditions. Climate has no specific.
influence in arresting phthisis, but through the ex-
hilarating influence of a pure dry rarefied atmos-
phere, respiration is increased, and this increases the
systemic circulation, which greatly stimulates and
increases nutrition; and in this way, the phthisical
patient is benefited. But to get this benefit, daily
appropriate exercise out of door must be insisted.
upon. A protected place should be selected, and the
party should live in a tent as much as possible.
When a change of climate proves beneficial, the party
should not leave it for at least five years. Experience
has taught us, that to those patients benefited by a
change of climate, if they return as soon as benefited,
the disease will return with such fury that nothing
will stay its progress but death.
Patients should never be sent from home when the
disease is in active progress, with high temperature
great emaciation muscular feebleness, cough and
night sweats, etc. For when they leave home, they
leave all the comfort that a home implies, to suffer
many deprivations of luxuries, that loving kindred
would be rejoiced to do, and to die among strangers.
General Conclusions.-The testimony of the
physicians in Denver and at Colorado Springs was
this: That the high altitude is specially recommended
for (1) early phthisis, or where there is a tendency to
PROPHYLAXIS.
33
this from hereditary predisposition; (2) hæmorr-
hagic phthisis; (3) chronic pleurisy, where after re-
moval of the fluid the lung does not expand, and in
chronic pneumonia where the consolidation is not re-
moved; and (4) the second stage of the disease when
it appears to be quiescent and there is no evidence of
rapid disintegration. The patients who should not
be sent, are those who suffer from heart disease,
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or where with phthisis
in the first two stages, there is any nervous irritation
and sleeplessness, or affection of the kidneys. They
were also pronounced on a crucial question — viz,
that there was not complete recovery, except in the
incipient stage; that there was only a drying up of
the tubercular deposit, which would again become
active if the patient return, for however brief a time, to
a climate which was variable and moist. The con-
tinuance of the dry aseptic air was essential, and dis-
regard of this fact, led to a rapidly fatal issue. The
patient, male or female, in whose case the phthisis is
arrested, must necessarily live permanently in Colo-
rado, or a high altitude. Fortunately this State is
young, and there is room for all, and with renewed
vitality and vigor the no longer invalid can find
something to do, either in the open air or in some
in-door employment.
Whatever change the patient should make, and
wherever he should live, he must ever persevere to
keep his system filled with fluids by taking fluid in
some of its manifold forms every hour of the day.
Drinking nourishing fluids should ever be before him
as his life work, and go where he will, do what he may,
drinking fluids must be first at all times, and in all
places.
Oxygen Gas.-The inhalation of Oxygen is a pro-
3
34
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
phylactic of great value in people predisposed to
phthisis. One of the first and most marked effects of
Oxygen gas is stimulation of the digestive and assim-
ilating organs. When it is inhaled three gallons at a
time should be taken three times a day. The appe-
tite is greatly increased and the whole system invig-
orated to a marked degree, especially when this treat-
ment is accompanied with active open-air exercise.
Dr. S. S. Wallen says: "Oxygen will be found of
service in the following classes of cases: First, those
in which, from some obstruction in the air-passages,
an insufficient supply of Oxygen is allowed to enter
the lungs, as in croup, constriction of the larynx or
trachea, asthma, accumulation of mucus in the tra-
chea, or bronchi during coma, or severe bronchitis.
Second, where the lung is consolidated from either
pneumonia or tubercular deposit, or in a state of
atelectasis, or compressed by pleuritic accumulation,
so that only a portion of the lung is pervious to air.
Oxygen is competent to render great assistance to
consumptives, at the beginning of that period which
we will call the dyspeptic stage, when the patient
coughs but little, grows thin, has no relish for any-
thing, and is suffering from difficult or imperfect di-
gestion. Especially useful in asthmatic lymphatic
subjects with bronchial dilatation."
Oxygenated Water.-A combination of Oxygen
and Nitrous oxide gases. Three parts Oxygen to one
of the Nitrous oxide gases. Three parts Oxygen to
one of the Nitrous oxide, forms a valuable prophy-
lactic in phthisis. If pure distilled water is charged
with these gases, under a pressure of 200 pounds, it
takes up more of the gases than any other form of
water. The Nitrous oxide gives piquancy to the
taste, and makes a very palatable drink. When this
PROPHYLAXIS.
35
water is taken as a beverage, one pint once in three
hours, the results are almost incredible, increasing
the strength, appetite and spirits, to a remarkable
degree; in this way acting as a valuable prophylactic
and curative agent in phthisis, and diseases of the
digestive organs, this gas being absorbed into the
portal venous system, enters the right side of the
heart and thus is carried directly to the lungs. A
drug administered by inhalation is absorbed by the
vessels of the bronchial tubes and these do not lead
into the lung-tissue, but away from it, passing to the
root of the lung. And moreover, a volatile drug
taken in with the respired air is not actively carried
farther into the lung than the normal tidal air, if it
is carried so far, so that if it get to the end of the
bronchial tube, it would have to diffuse like the rest
of the air in order for this result to be accomplished.
And this is a strong reason against an antiseptic
drug, taken by inhalation, ever reaching the phthis-
ical consolidation of the lung, and as a matter of
fact, there is no evidence in favor of phthisical consol-
idation being beneficially affected by the inhalation
of drugs. Then the only scientific way to administer
drugs is, either by the mouth or rectum. And this
explains why gases introduced in drinking water, or
administered by the rectum, are so efficient. Through
the portal circulation, it is all actually poured directly
into the lung and there does its curative work in the
diseased tissues.
Carbonic Acid Water.-Carbonic acid water is the
product of the solution of Carbon dioxide (carbonic
acid gas) in water. In such solution there is a chem-
ical union between the gas and the water, molecule
for molecule. At the ordinary pressure of the atmos-
phere, water absorbs about one volume of Carbon
36
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
dioxide, but under a pressure of two hundred pounds,
will take up as much as ten volumes of the gas, soda
water contains from five to ten volumes of CO₂.
Beer, mineral waters, sparkling wines and all effer-
vescing liquors, owe their life to this gas. Carbon-
ated water is a valuable and pleasant water to drink.
Like all acids, it tends to excite the secretion of saliva
and buccal mucus, and so relieves thirst more perma-
nently than plain water, and it is peculiarly grateful
to the stomach, tending to allay nausea and expell-
ing flatus. It increases the rapidity of the absorp-
tion of water in the intestinal canal, as is shown by
the fact that water containing Carbonic acid is ex-
creted by the kidneys much sooner after it has been
drunk than water without it. Carbonic acid is in
greater quantities in the large intestine than in the
small, and part of the CO₂, after introduction into the
stomach, passes into the blood and is excreted by the
lungs.
2
Natural waters charged with CO₂, and drank
freely, are a valuable prophylactic in phthisis; and if
the CO₂ could be added to all the liquids taken it
would greatly facilitate the cure of phthisis. Milk
charged with this acid is not only preserved thereby,
but many times more valuable. Every hospital for
consumptives should be supplied with the whole
apparatus necessary for charging all the liquids
taken by the patients, witht his gas or with Oxygen
gas, associated with the Nitrous oxide. Seventy-five
dollars will buy the whole outfit, which would be ex-
tremely valuable to the patients. If the patient is
troubled with rheumatism, CO, is still more called
for. The inhalation of CO₂ often acts beneficially in
asthma.
2
Carbonic Acid in Phthisis.-Dr. Hugo Weber de-
PROPHYLAXIS.
37
scribes a novel way of treating consumption, in the
Berlin, klin. Wochenschrift, Sep. 2d, 1890. This con-
sists in administering a teaspoonful to the patient,
of Bicarbonate of soda before meals and following it
with a glass of water containing twelve drops of
Muriatic acid. There is generated about half a pint
(270 cc.) of CO, which is gradually absorbed and ex-
haled by the lungs. Weber reports in some detail
nine cases favorably affected by this treatment.
From one to four quarts of carbonated water
should be taken daily.
Those that inherit the phthisical diathesis, and
those afflicted with phthisis, as well as all lean, thin,
spare people, with but little adipose tissue, should be
great drinkers of water in its manifold forms. But
fleshy, well built people, well padded with fat, do not
need so much water and should take it sparingly.
Prevention of Inter-marriages Between
Phthisical Subjects.-One of the greatest prophy-
lactics of phthisis known to man, would be the abso-
lute prevention of people predisposed to consump-
tion to marry. This can, and should be done, by an
act of Congress. No person, male or female, with a
feeble physical make-up, where onc, and especially both
of the parents have died of phthisis, or is suffering
from constitutional syphilis, should be allowed to
marry, under any circumstances whatever. We do
not hesitate to improve our stock among horses,
cattle, sheep, hogs, dogs and fowls, by castration or
death of the sickly feeble ones, allowing none to breed
but the finest, and those that have every mark of ab-
solute physical health. Now if the same thing was done
to man that is done to the lower animals by our
National Government, one hundred years from now
that fell destroyer, consumption, would be well-nigh
38
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
+
stamped out, and we would have our land peopled
with a set of men and women of such physical health,
that all nations would bow down and worship them,
I would have an act of Congress passed, so that it
would become a national law and could be enforced,
to this effect:
I. Each party wishing to marry should go to a
reliable physician and pass a rigid medical examina-
tion, and answer, under oath, the following ques-
tions:
1. Are you physically a healthy man and woman?
2. Are both of your parents living, and healthy ?
If one or both parents are dead, what was the cause
of their death?
3. Has either, or both, of your parents had con-
sumption? If so, how long, and have one or both
died with it? (If one, and especially both of the
parents, have died with phthisis, the parties are un-
marriageable.)
4. Has one, or both, of the parties ever had con-
stitutional syphilis? (If so, marriage is absolutely
barred.)
5. Is either or both, of the parties habitually in-
temperate? (Intemperance in either or both parties,
should preclude marriage.)
II. If both parties are declared physically healthy,
a medical license is granted and issued, which is to be
taken to an official, that has graduated in medicine,
and after he has examined them the same as the first
physician, and they are found physically sound and
qualified for matrimonial relations, a marriage license
is granted.
III. I would allow no one to perform the sacred
right of marriage but well educated licensed ministers
of the Gospel. No Justice of the Peace, or politician,
PROPHYLAXIS.
39
should be allowed to perform this sacred right. The
minister should be well drilled at college in all the
physical laws pertaining to health, so that he could
at a glance form an opinion whether, physically, the
parties applying should be allowed to marry. A
minister that is found guilty of marrying parties,
either one of whom is predisposed to tuberculosis, or
has had constitutional syphilis, or is habitually in-
temperate, should loose his license, and be put out of
the ministry.
J
DIET.
Diet.-This is one of the most difficult, and at
the same time, one of the most practical subjects the
physician is called upon to decide in the treatment of
phthisis. Shall it be a vegetable diet, or animal diet,
or a mixed diet? So far as I am able to judge, a
mixed diet will prove the most beneficial to the
largest number of patients, but many will be found
where a vegetable diet will prove the most useful.
There being such a loss of the potash salts in
phthisis, a diet should be selected that would replace
this loss, and that will be found in a vegetable diet.
Potash is nature's true solvent for urea and uric acid,
and this consideration is a strong factor in the selec-
tion of a vegetable diet. In all cases where a mixed
diet is used, vegetable should greatly predominate
over the animal.
Different experimenters have found that a normal
food must not consist of one element exclusively;
whether nitrogenous, starchy or fatty; further, as no
one food contains the different essential principles in
the necessary proportions, a mixed diet must be
employed, and the nature of this diet must vary
with the manner of living, and the climate and the
seasons. The necessary Nitrogen and Carbon will be
best and most economically obtained from a mixed
dietary.
As a rule, animal food should be in the proportion
40
DIET.
41
of one to four of vegetable. Thus two pounds of
bread and three-fourths pounds of beef will supply
the necessary amounts of Carbon and Nitrogen which
would require over six pounds of meat and more
than four pounds of bread alone. Bread would give
too much Carbon, and the meat too much Nitrogen.
For a healthy man, his food taken in twenty-four
hours should contain from 4000 to 5000 grains of
Carbon, and from 250 to 3000 grains of Nitrogen.
The Nitrogen is furnished from animal diet of
albumen, fibrin, casein, legumin, etc. The Carbon
from the Hydro-carbons, Carbo-hydrates, starches,
sugar, etc.
The dynamic value of a food depends on its rich-
ness in easily assimilable proteids, and its calorific
value on the quantity of heat it produces when burnt
in the organism. The digestibility of a food must
also be taken in consideration. Great differences
exist in the absorption of different foods; thus, rye
bread, potatoes, and green vegetables produce large
quantities of fresh and dry excrement; while white
bread, fresh meat, and eggs are absorbed to a greater
extent, and are therefore more valuable. Fat of but-
ter is easier of digestion than bacon fat, and should
be freely eaten by the phthisical. The carbo-hydrates
are easily assimilated when contained in white bread,
rice and macaroni; but with more difficulty from
potatoes, rye bread and turnips, and Nitrogen is
more easily absorbed from meat, eggs and animal
substances generally, but with more difficulty from
rye bread and vegetables. (Rubner.)
The constituent parts of the human body are
gaseous, liquid and solid. Of the gases, Oxygen,
Nitrogen and Carbonic acid are the chief. These are
in a state of solution in the liquids, the largest pro-
42
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
portion consisting of water, holding in solution dif-
ferent acids, salts and organic bodies. Now this
explains the great value of the liquids introduced into
the system by my method of treatment. When these
fluids have commingled with them some of the carbo-
hydrates, they practically contain about all the body
is composed of, and are in such a state of solution
that the system assimilates them at once, with but
little labor on the part of the assimilating organs.
Another thing that forces itself upon us, is the fact,
that if we take simple water and highly charge it
with Carbonic acid gas, we have in it alone almost all
of the chemical constituents of the human body. No
wonder that water constitutes our greatest food.
What is food? Any substance capable of replacing
any of the body waste, or maintains any vital pro-
cess. All the tissues being composed of over three
quarters water, explains why water is the most im-
portant food we have. I would then classify food in
the following six classes:
1. Water.
2. Carbo-hydrates, Starches and Sugar.
3. Albuminoids, Animal Foods.
4. Hydro-carbons, or Fats.
5. Salts, Mineral Substances.
6. Air or Gaseous Food.
Carbo-hydrates.-Under these are found the
starchy, amyloid, or farinaceous, and the saccharine
elements of our food, and in the treatment of phthisis
they occupy the first place as a food to build up the
wasting tissues of the body.
6 10
Starch consists of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen
(having the formula of C,N,,O,) and is found in
all cereals used for the food of man; as wheat, oats,
barley, maize, rye, rice, buckwheat, peas, beans, pota-
DIET.
43
toes, sago, tapioca, arrowroot, carrots, parsnips,
turnips, etc.
Starch is not only the food of man but also of the
plant. Take a grain of any cereal, it contains starch,
albuminoid matter and earthy salts. When the plant
germinates, the starch is converted into sugar, as the
plant requires it by the action of the diastaste (an
albuminous ferment) as the seedling grows. Man
takes for his own use the food that the plant has
stored up for its own young.
The carbo-hydrates by the act of digestion, be-
come the great fuel food of our bodies. How do they
do this?
1. The saliva converts starch into grape sugar.
2. The gastric juice, Albuminus into acid album-
ates, and then into proteids.
3. The pancreatic juice, Starch into dextrine and
grape sugar; Albumens into globulin substance, and
then peptone, leucin, tyrosin, aspartic acid; and fats
into glycerine and fatty acids, partly saponifying
them.
4. The bile (of which is secreted about two and a
half pounds every twenty-four hours) assists the
pancreatic juice in digesting the fats and acids in
their absorption.
5. The intestinal juice completes the digestion. As
the more or less disintegrated starch granules pass
along the small intestines, they become fully dissolved
into grape sugar, which passes into the blood of the
portal vein.
6. When the soluble grape sugar, whether derived
from starchy or saccharine elements of our food, it
matters not, passes into the portal vein, and thence
into the liver. Here it is dehydrated, or turned back
into glycogen, or animal starch, and stored up for
44
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
the bodily needs. This grape sugar forms the fat, or
adipose tissue, of the body. Carbo-hydrates then
furnish the glycogen or body-store of fuel in the liver.
The liver stores up from each meal so much of
glycogen, and gives it off as required. The muscles
have also their little stores of glycogen. This
insoluble stored up glycogen is given off as required
and burnt up as lactic acid in the form of soluble grape
sugar with Soda and Lactate of soda; and in this way,
the carbo-hydrates become the great fuel food of the
body.
Starch, sugar and dextrine are easily assimilated,
the gums and cellulose with difficulty. As force-pro-
ducers they possess a very high dietetic value, and as
great store houses of potential energy they may be
regarded as the intimate, though not necessarily the
direct sources of heat as well as muscular energy.
The potential energy of the fats, however, is much
greater than that of the cardo-hydrates, developing
more than twice as much heat.
Albuminoids or Nitrogenous Foods.-The chief
of these are the Albumens. The most important
single element in nitrogenous food is the albumen.
It contains nutrative material in a condensed and
easily assimilated form; its composition is almost
identical with the albumens of blood and the animal
tissues. Rich albuminous foods are found in the
flesh of all animals, fowl, fish, eggs, oysters, milk, etc.,
and to a smaller extent in most of our cereals. The
vegetable albumens are not so rich in Carbon as
the animal albumens, but are richer in Nitrogen. This
accounts for their less nutrative value and the
greater difficulty in their assimilation. They are,
however, like eggs and fish, very rich in Phosphorus.
It may be stated generally that vegetables are more
DIET.
45
difficult and slower of digestion than most animal
foods but when combined with animal in suitable
quantities, digestion is much easier and assimilation
more perfect. Albuminoids are digested exclusively
in the gastric juice of the stomach, of which is secreted
every twenty-four hours, from 16 to 31 pounds, or
an average of 20 pints, or about 18 ounces per hour.
The carbo-hydrates and fats are there untouched.
An albuminoid previous to digestion is termed a
"proteid." When digested in the stomach a "pep-
tone." This peptone then passes into the intestines.
and from there into the portal venules, where it is
dehydrated and once more made a proteid in the
portal blood. When this does not take place prop-
erly, the peptone appears in the urine as albuminaria.
When the albuminoid matters reach the liver a por-
tion of them is elaborated into the serum-albumen of
the liquor sanguines for the nutrition of the tissues.
Most people daily eat more nitrogenous food than their
bodies actually require. This surplus is called the luxus
consumption. What becomes of this luxus consump-
tion? It is burnt up, and oxidized in a descending
series as tyrosin, lucin, kreatine, kreatinine, then
passing on to uric acid and urea; and so long as the
liver possesses the power of converting this luxus
consumption into soluable urea, all is well. Soluable
urea passes out of the liquor sanguines in the renal
secretion without any difficulty, but not so uric acid;
uric acid is the poison of gout, and when an excess of
it is formed in the system, lithemia, cholœmia or
biliousness supervenes, or the kidneys become injured
by the out-put of lithates and Bright's disease is the
result. Cholomia and lithaemia are equally and
alike, casually related to the albuminoid elements of
our food. Those who lead an invalid or sedentary
46
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
life, should never eat much meat, especially those ad-
vancing in age, for most of the diseases which fasten
on the body as age approaches, are casually linked
with the excessive use of an albuminoid diet. In con-
clusion, with regard to albuminous food, "it may be
stated, in general terms, that wherever vital opera-
tions are going on, their nitrogenous matter is to be
found, the operations of life occurring through its
instrumentality. The nitrogenous tissues which are
the machines for living actions, have first to be con-
structed and then maintained. Accordingly, nitro-
genous food is required for the construction, as well
as the maintenance, of the tissues. Hard work is
best performed with an abundant supply of proteids,
as this leads to a better nourished condition of the
animal machine, and its compound parts, such as
muscle, etc., and to keep up this good condition, for
work, a liberal supply of nitrogenous food is abso-
lutely essential. In addition to supplying the nitro-
genous waste, and forming one of the great sources
of fat in the economy, the proteids excite the meta-
bolic activity of the body, and hence they are not
stored up so readily as the fats and carbo-hydrates."
(T. C. Cartes, M. D.)
Hydro-carbons or Fats.-The fourth great ele-
ment of our food is fat derived both from the animal
and vegetable kingdoms, and is composed of stearin,
palmitin and olein. The first two being solid at
ordinary temperatures, are held in solution by the
olein at the temperature of the body. Fat can be
readily broken up into a fatty acid, and glycerine.
The fatty acids are three, stearic, palmetic and oleic.
Stearine is the firmest fat, readily solidifying in a low
temperature, palmitin next, while olein still remains
liquid. Animal fat contains more stearine than that
DIET.
47
of vegetables.. Mutton and beef suet quickly get hard,
and the more stearine a fat contains the harder it is
to digest.
"Fat is not affected by salivary, nor yet by gas-
tric digestion. It is only when gastric digestion is
over, and fat comes into contact with the bile and
the pancreatic secretions, that any change is affected
in it. The change is not molecular, like the hydration
of carbo-hydrates and albuminoids; but is merely an
emulsification, i. e., a division into minute particles.
These small particles are fine enough to enter the
mouths of the lactels in the nitestinal villi, which may
be said to eat the fat globules. From thence the
emulsionized fat passes on to the lymphatics. The
history of fat in the body after this is obscure; we
know that some of it is taken up by the tissues, and
the rest is burnt up as body fuel (and passes off as
CO₂). There is no proof of fat being stored up in the
body as fat. Indeed, Ebestein has advocated the
substitution of fat for carbo-hydrates in the treat-
ment of obesity; and that, too, with success.
"The difficulty with fat lies with the stomach. A
delicate fastidious stomach is offended by the pres-
ence of fat in it; and this reacts upon the palate.
Some stomachs will tolerate cold butter, which
promptly and pronouncedly take offense at warm
fat. Rancid fat is objectionable to civilized stom-
achs, and compels the most scrupulous attention to
all culinary utensils. With some persons, fat turns
rancid in the stomach by the formation of an acrid
acid-butyric, causing heart-burn. There is a growing
dislike to fat, especially animal fat, at the present
time. Many children will no more eat fat than they
will a cat. They will turn with loathing from the
sweet pieces of fat on their plates, yet they will read-
48
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
ily swallow fishy cod-liver oil. Their choice is in-
stinctive, and evidently linked with the fact that they
can digest the one and not the other." Intelligent
persons are now eating fat because they know it is
good for them. Whenever there is any tendency to
tubercle, the individual should learn to eat fat, just
as a sea-faring man learns to swim. As a physician
to a Chest Hospital, I have learned to dread the an-
nouncement that fat is not longer taken, especially if
the individual is of a strumous build, with a small
narrow chest. In my opinion of a considerable area
of affected lung, where the digestive powers keep up,
is less fraught with evil, and less prognostically sig-
nificant, than intractable wasting with little disease
in the lung." (J. Milner Fothergill, M. D.)
"Origin and source of the fat in the organism:
Part of the fats is absorbed as such in the intestines,
in entering the capillaries in the form of scarcely
saponified glycerides, that are subsequently trans-
formed into alkaline soaps. But they also arise in
the body at the expense of the albuminoids. It
seems doubtful whether any of the fat is derived
directly from the sugar absorbed, though this is as-
serted; but it is probable that the accumulation of
fats occurring on a mixed diet, rich in sugar, is due to
the conversion of the sugar into fat, but rather to the
protection thus afforded against the oxidation of the
fats that, however, a large proportion of the fat of
fattened animals is not derived from ingested fat, but
directly or indirectly from the carbo-hydrates, as
well as the nitrogenous elements of the food, partic-
ularly when the latter are in excess, seems most
probable, and there is no doubt but that a combina-
tion of nitrogenous food and saline matter, together
with carbo-hydrates, conduces most to the produc-
DIET.
49
tion of fat in the organism.
The carbo-hydrates
play a distinct part in the formation of fat in the car-
nivora and herbivora." (T. C. Charles, M. D.)
The fats that are not stored up by the tissues re-
quiring them, disappear probably by direct oxida-
tion, being transformed into water and Carbonic acid
gas, evolving much heat or force in potential form.
The amount of Carbonic acid gas given off during
exercise is much greater than during rest. If we wish
to increase the weight of the body and add to its
constituents, we must combine fats with the albumi-
nates, as these given alone only lead to increased
weights: But if we combine fats with albuminates,
in proper proportions, an increase of both nitroge-
nous and non-nitrogenous constituents of the body
can be maintained for a long time. Fat economizes
the albuminous elements of the food, and checks the
waste of the albuminous tissues. Fat enters into all
the tissues, and by its oxidation, it yields muscular
force and heat and it is largely consumed in muscular
exercise. The capacity of fat being stored up as adi-
pose tissue makes it a reserve store house of force-
producing and heat-generating material to be used.
when great muscular exertion is required. "The
capacity of a material for heat production depends
upon the amount of unoxidized Carbon and Hydrogen
it contains; and of all elementary materials, the fats
hold the highest place in this respect. While in the
starchy, saccharine and such-like materials, a suffi-
cient amount of Oxygen exists in the compound to
oxidize all Hydrogen present, leaving only the Carbon,
in an oxidizable condition; in the fats not only is the
Carbon, but also the chief of the Hydrogen, in an
oxidizable state."
"To illustrate the difference existing, it may be
4
50
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
!
stated that starch contains, in round numbers, forty-
five per cent. of Carbon, and six per cent. of Hydrogen,
making fifty-one per cent. of Carbon and Hydrogen
together. The remainder consists of Oxygen,
amounting to forty-nine per cent. of the whole.
Sugar, and gum likewise, in round numbers, contain
forty-three per cent. of Carbon and six per cent. of
Hydrogen, making forty-nine per cent. of Carbon and
Hydrogen together, and leaving fifty-one per cent. to
be made up by Oxygen. Fat, on the other hand, con-
tains about ninety per cent. of Carbon and Hydrogen
-seventy-nine per cent. of Carbon and eleven per
cent. of Hydrogen, and ten per cent. of Oxygen.
"According to what is here shown, a given quan-
tity of fat will have the power of appropriating about
2.4 times as much Oxygen as the same quantity of
starch; or stated in other words, will develop about
2.4 times as much heat in the process of oxidation
and hence has about 2.4 times as much value as a
heat-producing agent.'
"Actual heat, expressed in units (the unit repre-
senting the heat required to raise one gramme
(15.432 grains) of water 1° Cent. or 1.8° Fahr.) de-
veloped by one gramme when burnt in Oxygen.
Beef fat
Starch (arrow root)
Cane (lump) sugar
Commercial grape sugar
HEAT UNITS.
9069
3912
3348
3277
"Looking at this difference in the relative value of
fatty, starchy and saccharine matters as heat pro-
ducers, we see the wisdom of the instinctive consump-
tion of food abounding in fatty matter by the inhab-
itants of the Arctic regions. The Esquimaux and
DIET.
51
other dwellers in the frigid zone, devour with avidity
the fat of whales, seals, etc., and find in this the most
efficient kind of combustible material. In the tropics,
on the other hand, the food consumed by the native
inhabitants, consists mainly of farinaceous and suc-
culent vegetable material. On account of the elevated
temperature of the surrounding air, less heat is re-
quired to be produced within the body, and a less
efficient combustible material is able to supply what
is needed for the maintenance of the ordinary tem-
perature.
"The adipose tissue fills up interstices between
muscles, bones, vessels, and the other anatomical
structures, and by its accumulation under the skin,
it gives a regular and rounded form to the outer sur-
face of the body. As a bad conductor of heat, the
layer of adipose tissue beneath the skin contributes
toward retaining the animal warmth. This function
it most conspicuously fulfills in the aquatic warm-
blooded animals, such as the seal, porpoise, whale,
etc., in which a coat of hair would prove of no service.
The very great thickness of the subcutaneous layer of
adipose tissue met with in these animals is evidently
designed to meet the demand occasioned by the un-
suitableness in this particular instance of the ordi-
nary provision.
"Accumulated with the vesicles and susceptible of
re-absorption into the blood, the fat forms a store of
force-producing material to be drawn upon as cir-
cumstances may require. Hence it is that life is sus-
tained longer in a fat animal under abstinence from
food and with a supply of water, than in a thin one."
(F. W. Pavy, M. D.)
Animal fat is very much easier of digestion than
the vegetable fat. When fat is not easily assimilated
52
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
by the system, it is owing to the secretions of the
liver and pancreas being in some way defective. In
these cases by the addition of powdered pancreatin
and inspissated ox gall, one hour after eating, we
can often so aid the digestive organs that the fats
will be readily emulsified and assimilated. Fat can-
not be digested and absorbed into the system with-
out the emulsifying aid of the bile and pancreatic
juice.
Cod-liver Oil-Oleum Jecoris Aselli.-This is
obtained from the liver of the common cod; the pro-
cess is thus described by Dr. Garrod: "The livers are
collected daily, so that no trace of decomposition
may have occurred; carefully examined, so as to re-
move all traces of blood and impurity, and to sepa-
rate any inferior livers; they are then sliced and ex-
posed to a temperature not exceeding 180° Fahr. till
all the oil is drained from them. This is filtered,
afterwards exposed to a temperature of about 50°
Fahr. in order to congeal the bulk of the margarine,
and again filtered, and put into bottles well secured
from the action of the air." The best oil comes from
Norway.
Cod-liver oil, being the only agent in which the
old school have any confidence as a curative agent
in tuberculosis, let us first see what the oil really
contains.
Dr. Jongh found the principal constituents of
these oils to be oleate and margarate of glycerine,
possessing the usual properties, but they also con-
tained butyric and acetic acid, the principal constitu-
ents of the bile as fellenic, cholic and billifellinic acids,
and bilifulvin, a peculiar substance soluble in alcohol,
a peculiar substance soluble in water, alcohol, or
ether; iodine, chlorine, and traces of bromine; phos-
DIET.
53
phoric and sulphuric acids; phosphorus; lime;
magnesia, soda and iron.
These were found in all the varieties, though not in
equal proportions in all, yet it is quite uncertain
whether the difference had any relation to their de-
gree of efficacy.
This analysis gives us a compound of twenty dif
ferent remedies, all of which, it will be seen, act espe-
cially upon the great sympathetic or vegetative
nervous system, the grand centre for the action of
the tubercular poison, and, it will be seen, are the
principal remedies used by our school for the cure of
tubercular consumption. This analysis also gives us
an explanation how cod-liver oil cures consumption.
First, it holds in solution a fine attenuation of lime,
Iodine, Phosphorous, Bromine and a large number of
other valuable remedies, and it is nonsensical to think
they do not act medicinally.
Our preparations of the same remedies in which we
all have such unbounded confidence, contain far less
medicine of each one of the ingredients, at the 30th
and 200th attenuation, than the oil. We would like
to see the chemist who would give the amount of
Iodine the 30th or 200th centesimal attenuation con-
tain to the grain or ounce. We are certain that they
do act medicinally in those attenuations. A chemist
can tell us the quantity of Iodine contained in an
ounce of oil, but he cannot tell in an ounce of the
200th attenuation of Iodine. Consequently, we must
conclude from this, that the beneficial influence ex-
erted by cod-liver oil in phthisis, is to a large extent
medicinal. Secondly, it is also highly nutritious and
easily assimilable food. In all ages oleaginous sub-
stances have been esteemed highly as curative agents
in consumption, whether their action was to be at-
54
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
tributed to their medicinal or to their nutritious
properties. We now see that it supplies nutriment in
a concentrated form, and at the same time holds in
solution medicines that are homeopathic to the
tubercular diathesis.
Dr. C. J. B. Williams, in his late work on Pulmo-
nary Consumption, says: "After a quarter of a cen-
tury's experience, it is the only agent in any degree
deserving the title of a remedy in this disease. Its
mode of action is still a matter of uncertainty, but
we can at least offer some reasonable conjectures.
That it is in itself a nutriment cannot be doubted,
and that its nutritious properties go farther than to
augment the fat in the body is proved by the well
ascertained fact that the muscles and strength also
increase under its use. In fact, it has been proved to
increase the proteinaceous constituents of the blood
except the fibrin which is diminished; in truth, the
beneficial operation of cod-liver oil extends to every
function and structure of the body. In cases most
suitable for its use, there is a progressive improve-
ment in digestion, appetite, strength and complexion;
and various morbid conditions perceptibly diminish.
Thus purulent discharges are lessened, ulcers assume
a healthier aspect, colliquative diarrhoea and sweats
cease; the natural secretions become more copious,
the pulse less frequent. It is difficult to comprehend
how it can produce such marvellous salutary effects.
[Through the vegetative nervous system it produces
these marvellous effects.] When we remember that
in a teaspoonful of oil we are administering a dose of
Iodine equal to a drop and a half of its 3d decimal
dilution, and that we are generally giving it in cases
to which the drug is thoroughly homeopathic, can
we doubt that it exerts a curative action; if we dis-
DIET.
55
believe this, we have no reason for believing in the
action of infinitesimals anywhere. Moreover, were it
the oleaginous matter per se which cures, why should
all attempts to find a substitute for the oil of fishes
be so unsuccessful?'
In cases that are benefited by the use of cod-liver
oil, the nutrition of the body is at fault, and we find
the loss of flesh or emaciation a prominent symp-
tom, with marked debility, or we may have enlarge-
ment of the lymphatic glandular system, the swelling
of the cervical or sub-maxillary glands. Such cases
are sure to be benefited by the oil, especially if in
little children.
There are three varieties of oil in use: the dark
brown; a brown, and a pure, pale oil. The latter is
the only kind that ought to be used for medicinal
purposes. The strong smelling and dark colored oils
owe their offensive properties to the partial decompo-
sition and putrefaction that has taken place before
the oil is taken from the livers. Speaking about the
various kinds of oil, Dr. Williams says in his work on
consumption: "It was not until the pure, pale oil
was brought under my notice that the difficulties in
administering it gave way; and during the last
twenty-five years I have prescribed it (the pale oil)
for between twenty and thirty thousand patients, and
with such success that it was taken without material
difficulty by about ninety-five per cent. of the whole
number, and of those who thus took it, full ninety per
cent. derived more or less benefit from its use. This
experience, which is in accordance with that of many
of my professional friends, is at least quite as strong
as any that could be adduced in favor of the brown
or impure kind of oil, and it does seem absurd to
recommend the exhibition of the remedy in its offen-
56
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
sive form, when the pure fresh oil has been proved to
be at least equally efficacious."
To get the full benefit of the oil, its use must be
persevered in for at least several months, and some
patients will find it their staff of life and will have to
continue it their whole lifetime.
To preserve the oil, the bottle should be well
corked and kept in a cool place; the oil should not
be exposed to the air any longer than is necessary
to take it.
Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Cod-liver oil justly merits
the high reputation which it has acquired in correct-
ing those deficiencies of nutrition commonly compre-
hended in the terms of scrofulosis and tuberculosis.
In patients exhibiting a strumous diathesis of a
slender and lean figure and thin transparent skin,
we generally find combined frequent weak pulse, great
excitability of the nervous system, with high specific
gravity of the urine-all signs of an accelerated meta-
morphosis. It is in this condition that the action of
cod-liver oil has obtained its anti-scrofulous fame, in
a short time after its use the angular forms acquire
more roundness, and the general susceptibility as.
well as the morbid phenomena gives way to its influ-
ence. Scrofulous individuals, however, who exhibit a
fatty, puffy, leuco-phlegmatic body, swollen nose and
upper lip, slowness of the cardiac contraction, defec-
tive irritability of the nervous system, and low spe-
cific gravity of the urine, far from being benefited from
cod-liver oil are the very victims who have been made
to swallow it by quarts, and to no purpose. The rea-
son of this is obvious; fat requires nearly double the
amount of oxygen for its combustion (100:292.14)
to that demanded by albumen (100:153.31), and
as it evinces a greater tendency to generation of acid
DIET.
57
than the latter, acts, when introduced into the organ-
ism the part of a moderator to the metamorphosis
of nitrogenous substances. On the other hand, that
part of the oleaginous matter which has not furnished
its share towards the production of animal heat by
combustion, does so by its accumulation under the
cutaneous surface, or enters as a necessary element
into the formation of cells. It is thus evident that
cod-liver oil can only be of service when the destruc-
tive, nutritive process prevails over the constructive
one, and that otherwise its agency must rather in-
crease than diminish, a lymphatic tendency of consti-
tution.
But the virtues of this animal product are, by a
great number of physicians, attributed in a measure
to the Iodine contained in it. There can be no doubt
as to the salutary influence exercised by this metal-
loid over some special scrofulous affection; but this
does not destroy the fact that cod-liver oil, like any
other fatty substances (the fat of dogs is a popular
remedy in Germany for scrofula and phthisis), pro-
duces its best effects on lean persons who, as physiol-
ogy teaches, consume more Oxygen and excrete Car-
bonic acid and bile than fat ones, while on those who
show a disposition to the formation of adipose
tissue, it effects a contrary result to that which is
desired, in spite of the Iodine which it contains. Cod
oil is a specific only in a limited number of morbid
conditions; in the majority of instances it derives its
importance from its value as a nutritive agent
arresting a preternatural waste."
Dr. Walshe, an allœopathic physician, whose au-
thority on this subject no physician can outrank in
any school, draws the following conclusions:
(1) That cod-liver oil more rapidly and more
58
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
effectually induces improvement in the general and
local symptoms than any other known substance.
(2) That its power of curing disease is undeter-
mined.
(3) That the mean amount of permanency of the
good effects of the oil is undetermined.
(4) That it relatively produces more marked
effects in the third than in the previous cases.
(5) That it increases weight in favorable cases
with singular speed, and out of all proportion to the
actual quantity taken, that hence it must, in some
unknown way, save waste and render food more
readily assimilable.
(6) That it sometimes fails to increase weight.
(7) That in the great majority of cases where it
fails to increase weight, it does little good in other
ways.
(8) That it does not relieve dyspnoea out of pro-
portion with other symptoms.
(9) That the effects traceable to the oil in most
favorable cases are: increase of weight, suspension of
colliquative sweats, improved appetite, diminished
cough and expectoration, cessation of sickness with
cough, and gradual disappearance of physical signs.
(10) That in some cases it cannot be taken, either
because it disagrees with the stomach, impairing the
appetite (without being itself absolutely nourishing),
and causing nausea; or because it produces diarrhea.
(11) That in the former cases it may be made
palatable by associating it with a mineral acid; and
in the latter prevented from affecting the bowels by
combination with astringents.
(12) That intrathoracic inflammations and
hæmoptysis are contra-indications to its use, but
only temporarily so.
DIET.
59
(13) Diarrhoea, if depending on chronic peritonitis
or secretive change, or small ulcerations in the ilium
is no contra-indication to the use of the oil; even
profuse diarrhoea caused by extensive ulceration of
the larger bowel is not made worse by it.
(14) That the beneficial operation of the oil
diminishes, cæteris paribus, directly as the age of
those using it increases.
(15) That the effects of the oil are more strikingly
beneficial when only a small extent of the lung is im-
plicated in an advanced stage, than where a relatively
large area is diseased in an insipient stage.
(16) That where chronic pleurisy or chronic pneu-
monia exists on a large scale, the oil often fails to
relieve the pectoral symptoms.
(17) That it often disagrees, when the liver is en-
larged and probably fatty.
(18) That weight may be increased by it, the
cough and expectoration diminished, night sweating
cease, the strength which has been failing remain
stationary under the use of the oil and yet the local
disease be all the while advancing. "Singular proof,
says Dr. Walshe, "of the nutritive power of the agent,"
and, we may add, of its sufficiency as a medicine.
"This admirable exhaustive summary of the knowl-
edge which is possessed of the subject to which it.
relates, confirmed, as it has been by the conclusion of
competent observers, shows a wide difference between
the anticipations which were indulged respecting the
virtues of cod-liver oil and the sober realities of ex-
perience. But enough remains to prove that among
the remedies that have been proposed for pulmonary
consumption none can be compared with its efficacy.
More than any other, it mitigates the symptoms of
the disease and delays its march; while in some cases
60
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
it appears permanently to arrest the degeneration of
tubercles already deposited, and so to improve the
nutrition as to prevent the formation of new ones.'
(Stille.)
(6
""
Dr. H. C. Wood says: "There can be no doubt that
consumption often commences with catarrh, and is
often developed slowly, as the result of frequently
catching cold." Whenever a patient is feeble, pale,
somewhat anæmic, complains of his liability to catch
cold on the slightest exposure, even though no local
disease exists anywhere, or rather because no local
disease exists anywhere, there is cause for alarm;
and it is of the most vital importance that the pa-
tient be put upon a tonic treatment, whose basis is
cod-liver oil.
It remained for Reed and Carnrick to bring out the
perfection of all cod-liver oil preparations, in the
form of Peptonized Cod-liver Oil and Milk. It is
partially predigested, and is therefore more easily
digested and assimilated, especially by weak and en-
feebled stomachs. Eructations are much less likely
to follow than when any other form of the oil is taken.
It contains fifty per cent. of pure Norwegian Cod-liver
oil, the remaining percentage is composed of milk and
an emulsion formed with Irish moss. No gums are
used in its manufacture. But the great feature of this
preparation is this: it mixes readily with water, and
makes a pleasant drink, and in this way any child or
adult can easily take it; and we not only get the
benefit of the oil, but we get the fat contained in the
milk, and that greatest of all foods, water. I am
delighted with this preparation of cod-liver oil and
milk, for it so aids me in giving liquid food to the
phthisical. Fat, Oil and Water are the only deadly
enemies that the poison of phthisis has. This poison
DIET.
61
flourishes and runs riot in a tall, slim, feeble, emaciated
and poorly nourished person, but a stout, well nour-
ished, fleshy person, well padded with fat, causes the
poisonous bacillus tuberculosis to turn pale, wither
and die.
DOSE.-One tablespoonful, dissolved in a tumbler
full of water, and drank four times a day.
Caution.-Cod-liver oil "should not be adminis-
tered indiscriminately during the persistence of acute
febrile symptoms, congestion, hemorrhages, or any
active form of disease; digestion being then im-
paired, and the mucous membrane irritable, the oil is
only likely to increase the disorder. The sphere of
cod-liver oil is to remove exhaustion and impart
general tone; this is best accomplished when active
morbid processes and local irritation have subsided,
for then the system is in a condition to appropriate
a larger amount of nourishment." (Dr. Ruddock.)
Exhibition.-Many people and even children have
no trouble in taking cod-liver oil, in fact cod-liver oil
is taken better by children than by grown people; but
with some, the sweetest oil is taken with great diffi-
culty; those who are so sensitive should take it in
the form of capsules or inunction.
One of the best methods I have ever found to ad-
minister it is for the patient to suck the juice of a
lemon, or chew a little of the lemon skin before taking
the oil, and the same after; the taste of the oil is
generally all gone in one minute after.
Another good way is to take it floating on a weak
solution of Phosphoric acid, or an infusion of orange
peel, the quantity of the vehicle should not exceed a
tablespoonful, with a teaspoonful of the oil, which
should be gradually increased to a tablespoonful for
adults and half the quantity for children.
62
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
The oil should be taken morning and night directly
after eating. Experience has taught us that if taken
directly after eating, it is not so apt to disagree, and
rises much less, leaving the appetite free for the next
meal. If taken on an empty stomach it leaves for
hours a rancid, unpleasant taste, with frequent eruc
tations, tasting of the oil.
Children generally take it very readily; if they
should not like it, the best way is to form an emul-
sion with the yolk of an egg, or mucilage, and flavor
it with some syrup, or if the child is very young, the
first three decimal triturations can be given in many
cases with excellent results, at the same time it can
be used on the child by inunction. Better still, give
Peptonized Cod-liver Oil and Milk.
Dr. Hempel says: "If the stomach should not be
able to retain the oil, a minute portion of common
salt taken both before and after the dose of oil, will
sometimes enable the stomach to bear this remedy
when all other devices fail."
Dr. Ruddock says: "Probably the best method of
rendering the oil palatable is to have it made up into
bread, as it is then scarcely tasted. The proper pro-
portions is two to four tablespoonfuls of the oil to
one pound of dough. Patients to whom we have
recommended this method of taking the oil, assure
us that while pleasant and digestible, it is as effica-
cious taken in this as in any other way. Small pieces
of ice in each dose of oil also renders it almost taste-
less. Malt is another excellent vehicle to administer
this oil in.
"Its assimilation is promoted and its beneficial
action greatly enhanced by the addition of ten drops
of the first solution of Iodium to each pint of oil.
This addition is especially recommended in Phthisis,
DIET.
63
Pulmonalis and Atrophy. Claret is another vehicle
for cod-liver oil. The oil should be poured upon the
wine so that it does not touch the glass, but floats as
a large globule; in this way it may be swallowed un-
tasted."
"Take one orange and divide it into two equal
parts; squeeze the juice of one-half into a cup; pour
the oil upon it, then squeeze the juice of the other
half very gently on the oil. By swallowing the whole
cautiously, not the least taste of the oil is experi-
enced." (Lancet.)
Dr. Buchner, in his essay on Air and Lungs, "Ad-
verts to the fact that in England they burn cod-liver
oil in several lighthouses, and that a number of light-
house keepers, who had been threatened with phthisis,
before entering upon the duty above mentioned and
who inhaled day after day the air of the lantern im-
pregnated with the volatile parts of the oil, became
fleshy and robust. I have acted on the above hint
for five or six years past. In all my prescriptions of
cod-liver oil I have directed the inhalations of the
vapors arising from gently heated (not burned or
scorched) crude cod-liver oil, and have in more than
one case, seen happy results. I direct my patient to
fill a saucer with the crude oil, place the saucer over a
tin dish filled with sand, and heat the bottom of this
either by stone or other convenient means. To some
the effect is very soothing and grateful. I remember
only one instance in which the inhalation of the fumes
was at once very distasteful and nauseating, that of
a young lady whose health failed repeatedly whenever
she lived in New Bedford (near salt water), and gained
on her going West to Illinois." (G. F. Matthes.)
I have tested the fumes of the oil as given above,
and am pleased with its action. Inhaling the fumes
64
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
all night during sleep will be found of much value in
the first stage of phthisis.
As to the kind of diet the patient should use while.
taking the oil Dr. Williams says: "With some indi-
viduals the oil agrees so well and so much improves
their digestion, that they require little or no restric-
tion in diet, but this is not the case with the majority.
The richness of the oil does prove more or less a trial,
sooner or later, (such persons should take the Pep-
tonized Cod-liver Oil and Milk) to most persons, and
to diminish this trial as much as possible, it obvi-
ously becomes proper to omit or reduce all other rich
and greasy articles of diet. All pastry, fat meat, rich
stuffing and the like should be avoided, and great
moderation observed in the use of butter, cream and
very sweet things. Even milk in any quantity is not
generally borne well during a course of oil, and many
find malt liquor too heavy, increasing the tendency
to bilious attacks. A plain nutritious diet of bread,
fresh meat, poultry or game, with a fair proportion
of vegetables and a little fruit, and a moderate quan-
tity of liquid at the earlier meals, commonly agrees
best, and facilitates the exhibition of the oil in doses
sufficient to produce its salutary influence in the sys-
tem."
Salts-Mineral Substances.-"These are of
great importance, and are as essential to nutrition as
the albuminates. There is no tissue that does not
contain lime, chiefly in the form of the Phosphate, and
it would seem that cell growth cannot go on without
it, indeed Calcium Phosphate is the most abundant
salt in the body, seeing that it forms more than one-
half of our bones. Calcium carbonate occurs asso-
ciated with this Phosphate, but in relatively much
smaller quantity. Sodium chloride is also a very
DIET.
65
important salt, which likewise occurs in all the tissues
and fluids of the body. It plays a very important
role in promoting the diffusion of fluids through
membranes, and its presence is necessary for main-
taining the globulines in solution. It is absolutely
necessary to existence, and its entire withdrawal from
food would be speedily fatal. (The want of common
salt often causes albuminuria). Rather more than
200 grains are secreted daily, chiefly by the kidneys.
It is a matter of common experience in the treating of
cattle, that the addition of common salt to their food
greatly improves their condition.
The Phosphates of Sodium and Potassium are also
important salts. The alkaline reaction of the blood-
plasma, and some of the other fluids are due partly to
these alkaline phosphates. The acid sodium phos-
phate is the chief cause of the acid reaction of the
urine. Sodium carbonate and bi-carbonate are also
found in the blood-plasma; they are ingested in small
quantities in the food, and they are partly formed in
the body from the decomposition of the salt of the
vegetable acids. They play an important part in the
blood in carrying the Carbonic acid from the tissues
to the lungs.
Sodium and potassium sulphates occur in small
quantity in the body, and are partly derived from the
oxidation of organic substances containing Sulphur.
Potassium chloride is widely distributed, and is found
especially in the closed blood corpuscles and in mus-
cular tissue. Magnesium phosphate occurs together
with Calcium phosphate, but in much smaller amount;
it is probably essential to the growth of some tissues.
"Iron is an essential constituent of hemo-globin, and
therefore, of the red blood corpuscles. It is found also
in striped muscle and in other tissues in minute
Б
66
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
quantity." The two alkalies, Potash and Soda, have a
different distribution in the body, and one cannot
supply the place of the other. The Potassium salts
exist especially in the formed tissues, as the blood
corpuscles and muscular fibre, and the sodium salts
are found more abundantly in the intersticial fluids;
so in the blood, Sodium and the Chloride are found
especially in the plasma and Potassium and the Phos-
phates in the corpuscles.
The Chlorine of the Chlorides would appear to be
easily set free in the body, so that it can combine with
Hydrogen and form a powerful action, having a special
solvent action on albuminates. The Sulphur and the
Phosphates of the tissues appear to be introduced
as such in the albuminates.
"All these mineral substances are introduced into
the body as constituent parts of the various ordi-
nary articles of human food, animal and vegetable,
with the exception of Sodium chloride which is usually
added to the food in greater or less amount in addi-
tion to what they may themselves contain.
"Certain salts such as the Lactates, Tartrates,
Citrates, and Acetates, become converted into Carbon-
ates within the body and confer upon the system
that alkalinity which appears to be necessary to the
integrity of the molecular currents. The state of mal-
nutrition which in its highest degree we call scurvy
appears to follow inevitably on their absence; and as
they exist in fresh vegetables it is a well known rule
of dietetics to supply these with great care, though
their nutritive power otherwise is small.
"Rabbateau observed that the addition of 150
grains of Sodium chloride to the daily rations in-
creased notably the amount of urea excreted; it
would seem therefore, to promote the metabolism of
DIET.
67
the albuminates; it acts probably simply by stimu-
lating the digestive functions, and probably increas-
ing the acidity of the gastric juice; it is itself almost
wholly illiminated in the urine.
"The utility of adding Phosphates to food with
a view of increasing its nutritive qualities has been
warmly discussed and it has been pointed out as a
proof of their inutility that the soluble Phosphates
so given, are eliminated in their totality in the urine
and the insoluble ones in the fæces, but as has been
argued by Dujardin-Beaumetz, the same happens
with regard to Chloride of sodium and it does not
follow because of this that it has no influence on nu-
trition. The favorable action of the Phosphates
soluble or insoluble, which is certainly at times ab-
sorbed is probably due, as he suggests, either to a
regulating action on the functions of the alimentary
tube, or to the acid elements they convey into the
stomach, or to some other indirect action. As a
rule, we take in with our food a far larger quantity of
salt than is necessary for the replacement of the tis-
sues. The excess is excreted with the urine and only
when an increase of the body weight occurs is any
large amount of salts retained in the body."
Burney Yeo, M. D.)
(I.
A good illustration of the value of the body salts
is furnished by watching the effects of arresting the
night sweats of phthisis. As soon as the out-pouring
of the salts in the sweat is checked, the appetite re-
turns, and soon the pallor of the features give way to
the hue of returning health. The effect is often
almost magical.
The most complete food we have is milk. Next to
that is the egg. In them exist besides the organic
principles all the inorganic matter, including both
68
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
saline and water that is needed to build up the
human organism.
In the preparation of food for human consumption
the natural article is greatly depreciated in nutritive
value by the abstraction in boiling, not only of
some of its soluble portion, but of much of its nutri-
tive salts. Roasted meat on this account is of more
value than when boiled, without the meat is made
into a soup. In the boiling of vegetables, nutritive
principles, and especially the salts are removed by the
water. The preparation of flour leaves the product
much inferior to the grain from which it is derived.
Both the saline and nitrogenous matter contained in
the wheat are chiefly found in the outer or tegumen-
tary part of the grain and they are usually thrown
off into the bran. Magenda has proved by experi-
ment that a dog dies if fed on white bread, while its
health does not suffer at all, if its food consists of
brown bread, or bread made of unbolted flour. We
should consume the whole of the grain to obtain all
the nutritive principles we require. Cracked wheat
should be eaten largely by the phthisical. If the
great majority of mankind did not live on a mixed
diet of animal and vegetable food, sickness and death
would soon be developed, and man would be de-
stroyed from the face of the earth.
Gaseous Food-The Atmosphere. -Composi-
tion of atmospheric air.
GAS
0
N
CO2
BY WEIGHT
23.015
70.985
Trace
BY VOLUME
20.96
99.02
0.030.034
Besides the above it contains aqueous vapor,
Ammonia and organic matter. Oxygen forms 20.96
DIET.
69
per cent. by volume of the gaseous mixture; and this
proportion is preserved in all parts of the atmos-
pheric ocean. A certain small amount of the O of the
air exists in the form of Ozone, a peculiar modifica-
tion of Oxygen, not yet understood. Oxidation goes
on more rapidly when Ozone exists in the air than it
does with Oxygen alone, and it is said to destroy the
volatile substances which are evolved during putre-
faction. The atmosphere is the only gaseous food
required by animals and man, and the necessity for
its Oxygen is absolute and continuous. When the
mixed gases of the air are drawn into the lungs a
portion of the Oxygen is absorbed by the blood, and
in the circulation, unites chemically, with the Carbon,
Nitrogen and Hydrogen of our food, forming chemical
compounds, called Carbonates, Nitrates and Hy-
drates. Some of the compounds go to form part of
the substance of the body, but the major portion of
them after producing heat, leave the body as Car-
bonic acid and water. Chemically speaking, the liv-
ing body is a great oxidizing machine, constantly
burning up its own substance and every act of man,
and even each unconscious change within the body,
is accompanied by a consumption of Oxygen. The
quantity of air consumed when compared with our
other food is large; for an adult, the average being
360 cubic feet or about 2000 gallons daily, which
would weigh about twenty-five pounds.
Nitrogen.-This being the largest constituent of
the air, it must play an important part in the nutri-
tion of the body, instead of being, as many think,
only a dilutent of the air. God never makes any-
thing but for use. Notwithstanding up to the present
time its real functions are not fully known, one thing
we do know; that is, if the supply of Nitrogen be cut
70
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
off from the body, its various functions languish; but
if we desire to increase the energies of the body, Nitro-
gen must be supplied, without the participation of the
Nitrogenous bodies, no oxidation or manifestation of
energy is possible. The active principle in the var-
ious secretions of the body is Nitrogen. Nitrogenous
food develop and maintain the tissues in their secre-
tions in the body. It has been proved that the elimi-
nation of urea in the urine is in proportion of Nitro-
genous food eaten; and it is therefore certain, that
the Nitrogenous alimentary principles must undergo
such chemical changes in the system as to result in
the production of urea. Nitrogen, therefore, plays an
important part, in the absorption and utilization of
Oxygen in the system. Electricity transforms nitro-
gen into Ammonia, and Nitric acid, and thus it be-
comes assimilated by the vegetable kingdom.
Aqueous Vapor.-This is always present in the
air, but it varies greatly in amount, increasing with
the increase of temperature. All air breathing organ-
isms would perish were the humidity of the atmos-
phere entirely removed. It is a physiological neces-
sity to the existence of a man's life. If the air be too
dry, it irritates the respiratory mucous membrane.
If too moist, there is a disagreeable sensation; and if
it be too warm, a feeling of closeness. Hence the air
should be saturated with watery vapor to the extent
of about 70 per cent. The air in mid-summer con-
tains three times as much watery vapor as it does in
mid-winter, and the moisture is greater with a south
and west wind, than with a north and east wind.
Ammonia.-This eminates and is diffused from
putrefactive processes in progress on the surface of
the earth. It is also produced from the Nitrogen of
the air by electric agency, as during a thunder storm.
DIET.
71
The quantity in the air varies, but it averages about
1 grain to 23,000 cubic feet. Rain washes the am-
monia from the air to the surface of the earth, and in
a rainfall it may always be detected and measured,
and its quantity is increased during thunder storms,
and this ammonia is of great use to vegetation.
Carbonic Acid.-This is produced by the oxida
tion of Carbon in dead and living tissues. The aver-
age amount found in the air is about four volumes of
Carbonic acid to 10,000 volumes of atmospheric air.
Its percentage varies with the local causes which de-
termine its production. The diffusive power of gases,
and the wind, tend to equalize the percentage. Thus
it is greater in the streets and alleys of a city than in
the country, and greater in a damp atmosphere be-
fore rain has fallen, than in the air in the same local-
ity after a rain storm. There is more Carbonic acid
in the air in summer than in winter by about one-half,
its sources being organic decomposition occurring in
the soil, animal respiration and the combustion of
fuel; the greatest quantity of the gas is found near
the surface of the ground. Carbonic acid is harmless
of itself, unless it is in very unusual quantities, but it
may carry with it from a damp soil, miasma and
organic matters that would make it a poison to
organic life. Carbonic acid from fuel is generally ac-
companied by Carbonic oxide and Sulphurous acid,
which become very deleterious. Carbonic acid from
animal respiration is accompanied by organic exhala-
tions, which is well known to cause headache, febrile
action and even phthisis, when the exposure is con-
tinuous. "During the English war in India, in the
last century, 146 prisoners were shut up in a room
scarcely large enough to hold them. The air could
enter only by two narrow windows. At the end of
72
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
eight hours but twenty-three prisoners remained
alive, and those were in a most deplorable condition.
This prison is well called the 'Black Hole of
Calcutta.' Percy relates that after the battle of
Austerlitz 300 Russian prisoners were confined in a
cavern, where 200 of them perished in a few hours.
The stupid captain of the ship Londonderry, during
a storm at sea, shut the hatches. There were only
seven cubic feet of space for each person and in six
hours ninety of the passengers were dead." This
teaches us that the breath exhaled is laden with Car-
bonic acid and organic matter, that should never be
re-breathed and that our living and sleeping rooms
cannot be too well ventilated.
Organic Matter, such as bacteria, miasmas and
exhalations from contagious diseases in the sick, in
ill-ventilated rooms, adhere to the walls and the
various textures in the room with great tenacity and
not only require time, but anti-septic means to dissi-
pate them.
The clearness of the atmosphere after a rainstorm
is a matter of common observation, and can be read-
ily understood. The impurities of the air are washed
down to the surface of the earth; and in this way,
rain water becomes the sewage of the atmosphere.
Fresh air is one of the most abundant things in
nature, and costs nothing, yet it cannot be doubted
that thousands of people, especially those that live a
sedentary life, and spend a large proportion of their
time indoors, have their health injured, their working
capacity greatly diminished and their length of days
shortened, by an insufficiency of air. They are liter-
ally starving to death for this form of food.
WATER.
HYDROGEN, TWO VOLUMES; OXYGEN, ONE.
Water. The uses of this agent in disease have
been known and valued from the commencement of
man down to the present age. But its full therapeu-
tic value is far from being exhausted. Every year
something new of its uses in disease is being found
out, and now I have the pleasure to announce one
more clinical use of this great agent, and that is, its
power to cure pulmonary tuberculosis in man, a dis-
ease that is said to have destroyed one-eighth of the
human family, and is dreaded by the physician more
than any other disease that he has to do battle with,
because death always comes out victorious.
Before giving this new use of water in the treat-
ment of pulmonary tuberculosis, it will be beneficial
to first show what part water occupies in the human
body, and what are its uses in the animal economy.
The chemical constituents of the human body, when
dissolved into its original elements, as every physi-
cian is well aware, contain 70 per cent. of water.
That is to say, if a man weighs 200 pounds, one
hundred and forty of this is water. This one fact I
wish to have fully understood, for it illustrates fully
why my new method of treatment is so successful, and
is the real and only scientific way to treat tuberculo-
sis. T. Cranstonn Charles, M. D., in his Elements of
Physiological Chemistry, says: "Water forms about
73
74
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
70 per cent. of the adult and 88 per cent. of the em-
bryo, and is the medium in which the chemical (bio-
logical) changes of the organism occur. In the ac-
companying table the average proportion of water in
several of the tissues is given:
Lymph
·
Chyle
Blood
Kidneys
Nerves
PER CENT.
93-96
Brain
90-95
Cartilage
78
Bones
82
Teeth
78
Enamel
76
Lungs
PER CENT.
75
67-73
13
10
0.2
79.6
Muscles
Salts.-The mineral salts form 3 to 6 per cent. of
the adult's body, and about one per cent. of that of
the foetus. Alkaline chlorides and phosphates, earthy
Phosphates, with some Carbonates and Sulphates
form the chief of these salts of which Sodic chloride is
the most important, its presence exciting assimila-
tive changes and assisting in the secretions of many
of the juices, particularly the gastric; and so neces-
sary is it to the organism that when it is supplied
in insufficient quantities it is retained by the tis-
sues and not excreted. When deprived of it, ani-
mals lose weight, spirits and activity. The Potash
salts are also indispensable, acting as exciters of
the nervous system and increasing the cardiac pul-
sations.
"A great daily loss occurs in the salts, which of
course must be restored in the diet. By the urine of
a healthy man of average weight, there is a daily dis-
charge of about 180 to 250 grains of Chloride of
sodium, and 120 to 130 grains of other salts, and by
the faeces about 130 to 140 of different salts. These
salts are principally Phosphates of Potash and Phos-
WATER.
75
phates and Carbonates of lime, etc. Accordingly, the
food should contain at least 250 grains of Sodic chlo-
ride and about half that amount of other salts, and
especially those of Potash to make good this daily
loss."
From the above it will be seen that water is the
most important element in the human body. No one
function can be carried on without the aid of water.
It assists digestion by promoting the solution of our
food, and acts as a vehicle to convey the more dense
and less fluid substances from the stomach to their
destination in the body, giving fluidity to the blood,
holding in solution or suspension the fibrin, albumen,
red globules and all the different substances which
enter into the various tissues of the body, for the
whole body is formed from the blood. Water forms
a necessary part of our bodily structure, and acts as
a lubricator of all its tissues. Water regulates the
biological and chemical changes resulting from nutri-
tion and decay, and the effete products of the bodily
waste could not be removed without the aid of water.
Water regulates the temperature of the body; first,
by lessening the action of the heart and pulse; second,
by increasing the insensible perspiration of the skin
and evaporation from the lungs; third, by increasing
the amount of urine, especially of its water, urea,
uric acid, and fixed salts; fourth, by promoting gen-
eral tissue metamorphosis.
In 24 hours the solid food eaten by an adult con-
tains from 15 to 25 ounces of water, and to digest
this properly there should be added from 60 to 70
ounces more of water, making from 75 to 95 ounces
of this fluid required daily to keep our bodies prop-
erly nourished.
Now how does the system get rid of so much water
76
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
daily? Why, by the four great emunctories of the
body, viz:
Kidneys 50 ounces
Skin 32
Lungs 12
Bowels (faeces) 5 ounces
Total, 99 ounces of water.
It will be seen by the above, that the kidneys are
the greatest excretory organs in the body, skin sec-
ond, lungs third and the bowels the least.
Kidneys. The great work of the kidneys is the
excretion of water, with the waste products of the
system, chiefly nitrogenous substances (urea) and the
various salts. This shows us why water is so useful
in the treatment of tuberculosis. It not only builds
up three quarters of the human body but washes out
nearly all of the waste products of the system. The
amount of urine secreted daily, by the glomeruli and
the epithelial cells covering them, depends upon the
blood pressure in the renal artery and tubules; and
up to a certain extent, drinking water copiously,
greatly raises the blood pressure, thereby increasing
the secretion of water and the urinary constituents
therein dissolved; and in this way, injurious waste
products and effete matter of the system are removed.
In phthisis, and fevers generally, the renal vessels are
less full and consequently there is a diminished quan-
tity of urine excreted. Now drinking large quantities
of water increases the velocity of the circulation in
the renal glomeruli and filtration rapidly takes place
from the blood into the malpighian capsules, and as
the waste products and diffusible salts flow along the
tubules from the glomeruli, the water extracts or
washes out these substances from the secretory epi-
thelium of the convoluted tubules. Landois says:
WATER.
77
Through the glomeruli the watery part of the urine
is chiefly excreted, while through the convoluted
tubules the specific urinary constituents are ex-
creted."
CONSTITUENTS OF URINE.-Besides the filtration of
water from the blood, the kidneys excrete a great
proportion of the solids of the body. These waste
products are carried to the kidneys by the blood from
every tissue in the body. These waste products may
be classified into organic and inorganic bodies.
ORGANIC.-These belong to the fatty series. First
of which we have the urea, uric acid, kreatin and
kreatinin, xanthin and hypoxanthin, oxalic oxaluric,
lactic, and glycerophosphoric acids. Added to these
we have the
Aromatic series or hippuric, benzoic, phenosul-
phuric indoxylsulphuric and scatolsulphuric acids,
urobilin and organic bodies containing Sulphur.
INORGANIC SALTS.-Sodium, chloride, Alkaline sul-
phates and phosphates of lime and magnesia, Iron
Ammonia, Silicic acid, Nitric acid, and gases of Nitro-
gen, Oxygen and Carbonic acid.
The most important of these constituents are
urea, sodium, chloride and the potash salts. The
urea and the Sodium chloride normally bear to each
other the proportion of two to one, in febrile condi-
tions may be altered to thirty to one. In twenty-
four hours the solids of the urine average from 840
to 920 grains and in general, the solids increase with
the quantity of urine excreted. Hence the value of
water in phthisis.
Urea and uric acid are formed in the liver and
lymph glands, and are most probably derived from
the decomposition of albuminous bodies. According
to Parks 97 per cent. of Nitrogen of the food (urea)
78
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
is thus eliminated by the kidneys. Urea is always in-
creased by a diet rich in proteids. With a pure ani-
mal (Nitrogenous) diet there is formed in 24 hours.
51 to 91 grains of urea, and with a non-nitrogenous
diet only 16. The formation of urea and uric acid is
increased by muscular exertion, and greatly so, in
the dyspnoea of phthisis. Fasting lowers the urea
by 10 to 11 grains and the excessive consumption of
water raises it to 50 or more grains. In phthisis more
Nitrogen (urea) is eliminated than is present in the
food consumed. Lessened respiratory power and dis-
turbance of the circulation increases the formation of
urea and uric acid and decreases the Potash salts
and Sodic chloride. The proportion of Sodic chlo-
ride in normal urine, is greater than that of all other
salts combined, but in high fevers, the Sulphates and
Phosphates predominate. The average of Sodic chlo-
ride voided in 24 hours is 180 grains. It is increased
after a meal, by the excessive use of common salt, by
the drinking of water, by Potash salts and by muscu-
lar exertion. With an animal diet, the earthy basis.
predominates, but with a vegetable, the potash salts
predominate. A fever patient excretes more Potash
than Soda; the convalescent more Soda than Pot-
ash. The Potash salts are greatly diminished in
phthisis, and in some cases the urine becomes
albuminous. The Soda salts predominate in the
fluids of the body and the Potash salts in the formed
tissues.
Skin. The amount of water given off by the skin
in 24 hours is from one to five pounds, averaging
about two (32 ounces). Dr. Seguin says there is
about 18 grains of fluid given off from the skin and
lungs every minute, 11 by the skin and 7 by the
lungs. Of this large amount of water the greater
WATER.
79
portion passes off as insensible perspiration. The
perspiration is greatly influenced by exercise, the
amount of fluid drunk, temperature and the dryness
of the atmosphere.
The sweat is secreted in the coil of the sudori-
parous glands. As long as the secretion is small it
passes off as insensible perspiration, but when the
secretion is increased, evaporation is prevented, and
drops of sweat appear on the surface of the skin.
The influence of nerves upon the secretion of sweat
is very marked, and the medulla oblongata contains
the dominating sweat centre, assisted by the vasom-
otor nerves, especially the vaso-dilators. These are
excited directly by a highly venous condition of the
blood, as during dyspnoea, by [overheated blood
streaming through the centre, or by poisons. Reflex
symptoms often excite these centres.
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF SWEAT.-Water is
the chief component with a small amount of salts
and Carbonic acid. Human sweat (after Picard,
Schottin, etc.)
Water
Solids
Salts
Sodic Chloride
potassic chloride
98.88
1.12
0,57
0.22 to 33
0.18
0.41
0.17
0.08
Alkaline sulphates, phosphates, and lactates and
-
Fats, fatty acids and cholesterin
Epithelium
Urea
-
STRONGLY ALKALINE SWEAT from the presence of
ammoniacal salts is occasionally met with in uræmia
and gout, and very acid sweat in acute rheumatism,
rickets and especially the night sweats of phthisis.
SEBACEOUS GLANDS.-The fatty secretions of these
80
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
glands keep the skin supple. The chemical con-
stituents of this secretion are olein, cholesterin, a
small amount of albumen, insoluble earthy phos-
phates, and traces of alkaline chlorides. These are
all perverted in phthisis.
CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION.-The skin absorbs Oxy-
gen and exhales Carbonic acid gas. The CO2 exhaled
from the skin daily averages about 60 grains and the
O absorbed is from 50 to 60 grains. The exchange
of gases depends upon the vascularity of the skin,
and the absorption of O depends upon the number of
red corpuscles in the blood.
Lungs. The average amount of water given off
by the lungs in a healthy adult in 24 hours is 12
ounces, the expired air being constantly saturated
with watery vapor. When the watery vapor in the
air varies, the lungs give off different quantities of
water from the body, and the watery vapor is greatly
increased, when the blood is thoroughly saturated
with water. During dyspnoea and rapid respiration
found in phthisis, asthma and all fevers the watery
vapor is greatly lessened and physically the system
is crying for water to flush out the poison. Aqueous
vapor is always present in the air, generally it con-
tains about three-fourths as much as it can hold
when saturated. If the air be too dry, it irritates the
mucous membrane. If too moist, there is a disagree-
able sensation, and if too warm, a feeling of closeness.
The most agreeable atmosphere to breathe is that
saturated with watery vapor to the extent of about
70 per cent. The amount of moisture in the air
varies; during the day it increases with the increase
of temperature, and diminishes as the temperature
falls. It also varies with the direction of the wind,
height above the sea level, and season of the year.
WATER.
81
There is more watery vapor in the south and west
wind, than there is in the north and east wind; more
in winter than in summer, and but little on high
mountains. Muscle work also greatly increases the
watery vapor exhaled from the lungs, sometimes
more than doubling it. The object of respiration is
to supply Oxygen from the external air necessary for
the oxidation processes that are going on in the
body, and to remove the Carbon dioxide (CO2) and
water formed within the body. There are two respi-
rations, first outer, the exchange of gases between the
external air and the blood gases in the lungs and
skin. Second, the exchange of gases between the
blood in the capillaries of the systemic circulation
and the tissues of the body.
The daily income and expenditure of Oxygen and
Carbonic acid gas are, Oxygen 744 grains (625 pints)
taken in, and Carbonic acid gas 800 grains (714%
pints) given off.
2
2
In the young, before the body has its growth, the
CO2 increases and it decreases as the bodily energies
decay. Weight for weight, a child gives off twice as
much CO2 as an adult, and males give off one-third
more CO₂ than females. Energetic, muscular, active
people use more O and excrete more CO₂ than the less
active or listless people. During sleep the CO2 given
off is diminished one-quarter, due to the absence of
muscular exertion, constant heat of the surrounding
bed clothing, darkness and non-taking of food. It is
diminished in darkness and increases in the light.
Animals fatten more rapidly if kept in darkness. O
is not stored up during sleep, but a slight amount is
absorbed and retained beyond what occurs during a
period of wakefulness. Taking of food increases the
amount of CO2 given off, the greatest amount being
€
82
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
2
about one hour after eating. Food rich in Carbon
(carbo-hydrates) cause a greater excretion of CO₂
than the albumens (nitrogenous). Regnault found
that a dog gave off 79 per cent. of the O inspired
after a flesh diet and 91 per cent. after a starch
diet.
RESPIRATORY EXCITANTS.-The most powerful
respiratory excitants as to the excretion of CO2 are
coffee, tea, sugar and rum.
NON-EXCITANTS are starch, fats and alcoholic mix-
tures.
RESPIRATION.-The average number of respira-
tions per minute in the adult is from 15 to 24. The
pulse beats about four times to one respiration. The
respirations are greatly influenced by position of
the body. In the horizontal position, Guy counted
13, while sitting 19, and while standing 22 per
minute.
YEAR.
0 to 1
1 to 5
15 to 20
RESPIRATIONS-AVERAGE NUMBER
PER MINUTE.
44
· 26
-
20
20 to 25
25 to 30
30 to 50
- 18
16
- 18
Muscular exertion and high temperature increases
the respirations. Gorham counted in children of
two to four years of age during sleep 24 and stand-
ing 32 respirations per minute. Gases in the blood,
and fever greatly increase the respirations. Respira-
tion is increased a little after mid-day and a little
after eating. The will power can modify it to a cer-
tain extent for a short time.
QUANTITY OF GASES RESPIRED.-The lungs never
WATER.
83
give out all the air they contain, about one-half re-
maining after each expiration. Hutchinson tabulated
it as follows, in a person that has a capacity of 230
cubic inches: Complemental air, 110, Tidal air, 20;
Reserve air, 100; Residual air, 100.
RESIDUAL AIR is the volume of air that remains in
the lungs after the most complete expiration. It is
1230 to 1640 c.c. (100 to 130 cubic inches.)
RESERVE OR SUPPLEMENTAL AIR is the volume of
air which can be expelled from the lungs after a
normal quiet expiration. It is from 1240 to 1800
c.c. (100 cubic inches.)
TIDAL AIR is the volume of air which is taken in
and given out at each respiration. It amounts to
about 1500 c.c. (100 to 130 cubic inches).
About 1-6 to 1-7 of the air in the lungs is re-
newed after each ordinary respiration.
VITAL CAPACITY is the term applied to the volume
of air which can be forcibly expelled from the lungs
after the deepest possible respiration. It averages
about 230 cubic inches, varying with the height of
the individual. Every inch added to the height of a
man of five feet gives an increase of vital capacity of
eight cubic inches. Excessive bodily weight dimin-
ishes it. It is less in woman than in man. It is
greater in the erect posture. Diseases of the lung
and abdomen diminish it. At 35 it is at its maxi-
mum, after this age it decreases.
HEIGHT.
4 feet, 8 inches.
9
4
4 66 10
4 66 11
5 "
HLO LO LO
5
""
5"
0
1
2
MALE CAPACITY.
134 cubic inches.
FEMALE CAPACITY.
96 cubic inches.
142
(C
104
"
150
112
158
120
"
166
128
(6
174
(C
136
182
66
144
(6
84
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 LO
5 feet, 3 inches.
5" 4
190 cubic inches.
152 cubic inches.
198
160
5
66
.
5
(6
206
(6
168
5
66 6
66
214
66
176
5
5
5
(6
(6
7
(C
222
(6
184
8
((
230
66
192
པ
9
"
238
200
66
5
66 10
246
(6
208
(6
5
611
"6
254
66
216
((
6 0
((
262
224
(C
Strange as it may seem, Dr. Hutchinson's experi-
ments show that the height of the individual,
instead of the circumference of the chest, governs the
lung capacity in the normal lung. This seems the
more remarkable from the fact that the height does
not depend so much upon the length of the body as
upon the length of the lower extremities.
Good health requires that there should meet to-
gether in the lungs every 24 hours, two thousand
gallons of blood and three thousand gallons of air
to feed the system with O and expel the CO, and
watery vapor from the body. How does the system
take up the O and excrete the CO,?
2
CHEMICAL PROCESS.-"When the air meets the blood
in the venous capillaries whereby the blood is arterial-
ized, the O diffuses itself from the air cells of the
lungs in the blood plasma. The hæmoglobin of the
blood corpuscles is changed at once into oxyhæmo-
globin by the unition of the O, the O expelling the
CO₂."
2
EXCRETION of CO,.-The excretion of CO, is
partly a chemical and partly a secretory process.
The absorption of oxygen by the red corpuscles of
the blood expels the CO, which forms a partial chem-
ical compound with the gases of the air.
The oxy-
hæmoglobin on its course through the capillaries of the
2
WATER.
85
2
systemic circulation comes into contact with the
tissues poor in O, the oxyhæmoglobin is disso-
ciated and supplied to the tissues, and the blood
corpuscles freed from this O meets with the CO, and
carries it from the tissues to the lungs, to be expelled in-
to the air during expiration, the giving up of O from the
blood to the tissues and the absorption of the CO₂
from the tissues go on side by side simultaneously,
while in the lungs the reverse process occurs simulta-
neously of the CO₂ exhaled for every five parts, only
one part comes from the corpuscles, the remaining
four parts from the plasma.
Tubercle-Chemical Constituents (Simon).
PER CENT.
Water
Insoluble Organic
82.6
Compounds
12.
Substances Soluble
Calcareous concretions are
often present in these tubercular
deposits.
in Alcohol
-
2.1
Fatty bodies Cholesterin -
Insoluble Salts
70.1
cerebrin
1.86
Soluble
29.5
Watery Extract
0.84
Mineral Salts -
0.49
The soluble salts consist chiefly of Sodium chloride
mixed with Phosphate and Sulphate of soda. The
soluble salts chiefly of Phosphate of lime with a little
Carbonate, Silica and Oxide of iron, sometimes cho-
lesterin and a little of the proteids.
The above shows us why water is so valuable in
arresting and washing out (when formed) this tuber-
cular deposit, for over three quarters of the compon-
ent parts of tubercule is formed of water.
SPUTA.-Normally there is but little mucous se-
creted from the air passages, but in pulmonary dis-
eases the mucous membrane lining the respiratory
86
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
tract in some cases secrete an enormous amount of
mucous, mixed with saliva, nasal mucous and pus.
In phthisis it ranges from 80 to 150 grams. in 24
hours, in bronchitis and pneumonia it often exceeds
this. The color, odor, vicidity vary in different pul-
monary affections, red coming from the presence of
blood, green from biliary pigment, black from par-
ticles inhaled by miners, a putrid odor in chronic
bronchitis and in gangrene.
In phthisis the sputum contains tubercle cor-
puscles, mucous, blood, albumen, fat, yellow elastic
fibers and tubercular bacilli.
In chronic cases there are but few tubercle bacilli
found. Abundant bacilli are found when there is
rapid softening, hectic fever and night sweats. This
is absolute proof that these bacilli are nothing but
scavengers and they are always on hand when their
food is abundant and they can be of service to
man.
Fæces. In a healthy adult the excretion of fæcal
matter averages about five ounces in 24 hours,
varying with the amount and kind of food taken.
A vegetable diet greatly increases the amount of
fæcal matter discharged, and it is lessened by a diet
of albumen and flesh. The quantity of water taken
has no effect upon the amount of water in the fæces,
but the energy of the peristalsis has. The more ener-
getic the intestinal peristalsis the more watery the
fæces, because sufficient time is not allowed for the
absorption of water from the ingesta. The amount.
of the water present in the fæces averages about 75
per cent. A flesh diet causes dry fæces; a diet rich
in sugar yields watery fæces.
ANALYSIS OF FECES-with a mixed diet (Berze-
lius).
WATER.
87
Water
75.3
Salts
Parts soluble in water
5.7
Insoluble constituents
Bile
0.9
Undigested food
-
Albumen
Extractives
0.9
Mucous, fat, etc.
2.7
1.2
21.0
7.0
14.0
COLOR.-This varies with the nature of the food
and with the altered bile pigments. A meat diet gives
us dark brown stools, mixed diet yellowish brown,
and a milk diet yellow.
THE SMELL depends principally upon the indol
and skatol present, to a less degree on the sulphur-
etted hydrogen, Valerianic and Butyric acids and is
stronger after a flesh diet than after a vegetable.
INDOL.-This is one of the products of the putre-
faction of the albumen.
SKATOL.-This is a constant constituent of the
fæces, formed by the putrefaction of albumen.
EXCRETIN.- This is found in very small quantities
in the fæces and is principally cholesterin.
MICRO-ORGANISMS.- Micrococci and bacteria are
constantly found, and the yeast plant is seldom ab-
sent.
2
Air is constantly swallowed with the food, the O
is rapidly absorbed in the intestinal tract, and the
blood vessels in the intestinal wall give off CO, by
diffusion from the blood and this CO, is discharged
in the fæces. Normally, the food taken should re-
main in the small intestines three hours, and twelve
hours in the large intestines, where the water and
nourishing portions are absorbed and taken into the
circulation to nourish the body. In phthisis accom-
panied with diarrhoea, the water and nutritious ele-
ments are lost, hence the emaciation.
This shows us how the four emunctories of the
system take care of and evolve so much water daily
88
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
from the body. Any variation of this results in
disease.
Fluid Food.—In all wasting diseases, especially in
consumption, there is a deficiency or lack of water in
the system, and without this deficiency is made up,
death must be the inevitable result. To make up this
deficiency the system demands daily much more water
than it does in health, for the waste of the body is
much greater in disease than in health. How to make
up this great deficiency of water is the great problem
for the physician to solve in the treatment of tuberculo-
sis. To make up this deficiency of fluid there should
be introduced from one to two gallons of water daily
into the system in addition to that taken with the
food. Physiology teaches us that to nourish the body
properly the food eaten daily by an adult should con-
tain from 15 to 25 ounces of water, and to digest
this there should be added from 60 to 70 ounces more
of fluid, making in all from 75 to 95 ounces of water
daily to carry on the proper physiological functions
of the body. Now, if the system demands three
quarters of a gallon of water daily, to carry on its
natural functions, it is not only reasonable, but good
practice, to introduce more fluid into the system in a
diseased condition, with fever and all the secretions.
more or less arrested, to flush and wash out the effete
poisonous waste matter constantly accumulating in
the body; and the introduction of one or two gal-
lons more of fluid, according to the size of the per-
son, is not any too much to cleanse, nourish and lu-
bricate the tissues, and restore them to their natural
functions.
Now, how shall so large a quantity of water be in-
troduced into the system daily? Many patients will
have no trouble at all in drinking this amount of
WATER.
89
fluid, but with some the task will be performed with
great difficulty, and it will require all the persuasive
powers of the physician and their surrounding asso-
ciates to get them to perform it. I have learned that
it is better that patients should not take this large
amount of water pure, but to commingle it with va-
rious nutritious substances that will have a tendency
to build up the solids as well as the fluids of the body,
for it is as important to build up the solids, as well as
the fluids of the body. The great aim of a physician
in treating a case of consumption should be to build
up and fatten his patient, and that is what takes
place in this new method of treating phthisis. The
patients all gain from one half to two pounds of flesh
a week, according to the emaciation present.
The following list of fluids contains the most
common and useful drinks to be used in the treatment
of tuberculosis; many more can be added as the prac-
titioner deems useful:
Pure water
Mineral Water
Water with tar
Water with Phos-
phoric acid
Water with Sugar
Water with Salt
Aerated Water (car-
bonated)
Grape Juice
Beer
Cider
Lemonade
Orangeade
Milk
Condensed Milk
Skimmed Milk
Buttermilk
Pulque
Wine
Wine Whey
Johnston's Fluid
Beef
Egg Nogg
Scraped lean beef Coffee
water
Toast Water
Barley-water
Crust Coffee Water
Clam Juice
Conch Clam juice
Fluid Beef Extracts
Bovinine
Tea
Chocolate
Cocoa
Rice Water
Bread-jelly
Oatmeal Porridge
Oat Meal Gruel
Arrow Root
Extract of Beef (Ar- Decoction of Iceland
Moss
Meat Decoction of Carra-
mour)
Valentine's
Juice
green Moss
Liebig's Beef Tea
Horlick's Malted
Beef Tea
Milk
90
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
Flour and Milk
Gum water
Tamarand Whey
Milk Peptonoid
Pineapple
Orange
Fruit Jelly Water
Red Currant Jelly
Black Currant "
Malt Extracts
Granum
Horlick's Food
Ridge's Food
Koumiss
Kefir
Lime Juice
Gerber's Milk Food
Grape
(6
Neave's Food
Quince
Nestle's Food
Pineapple Juice
Raspberry
(C
Liebig's Food
Strawberry"
Strawberry
Chicken Broth
Raspberry
66
Crabapple
66
Beef Soup
Cherry
Pineapple
Turtle Soup
Peach
Lemon
Oatmeal water
Fig
((
Orange.
((
Panada
Fruit Syrups
Calves' Feet
66
Linseed Tea
Strawberry
Beef Peptonoids
Vichy Water
Raspberry
Lemon
Soluble Food
Lacto Preparata
WATER.- Pure water constitutes the essential
physiological basis of all our drinks, and is more es-
sential to the life of man than solid food. Without
water there can be no circulation nor molecular mo-
bility of any kind. Water forms the liquid element of
all the secretions, and is the medium for dissolving
the food during digestion so that the system can ab-
sorb the nutritious elements of the food and cause
the effete portions to pass out of the body. True
aliment is a mixture of food-stuffs with water
commingled with the Oxygen and Nitrogen of the
air.
WATER GENERALLY.-The purer the water, the
better it is suited for our use. For drinking
purposes, it should be bright and clear, devoid of
taste and smell. It is always more or less impreg-
nated with a certain amount of gaseous and solid
matter. When the gaseous matter consists of air
and Carbonic acid it gives the water an agreeable
briskness and a much better taste, and is a desirable
WATER.
91
accompaniment. The less there is of solid matter,
the better the water is for drinking purposes.
RAIN WATER.-This constitutes the aqueous vapor
which has existed in the atmosphere and becoming
condensed has descended in a liquid form, and may
be considered our purest water. It is found to be
highly aerated, contains traces of Ammonia, Nitric
acid, etc., with a little organic matter. It is particu-
larly eligible for drinking purposes and domestic use,
on account of its freedom from earthy salts. Great
care should be taken in collecting it in its purity.
DISTILLED WATER.-This water, when properly
aerated with Carbonic acid and air, is one of the best
for drinking purposes. From the absence of air after
distillation, it has too flat a taste.
SPRING WATER.-This is rain water which has per-
colated through the earth, and made its escape
through some opening at a lower point admitting its
flow. It is charged with saline and gaseous matter,
according to the composition of the soil it has per-
meated. Many of these springs furnish us with the
best kind of drinking water. Surface water from
superficial wells, is liable to be contaminated with
organic impurities, that often give rise to serious
consequences. All such wells should be avoided.
Carbonic acid, in some proportion, is found in
almost all spring water, and if these waters could be
thoroughly charged with Carbonic acid gas and Sul-
phuretted hydrogen when drunk, their curative prop-
erties would be greatly enhanced. We would then
get the same effect as produced by injections of this
gas per rectum. (Dr. L. Bergeon's method.)
RIVER WATER.-This consists partly of rain water
and partly of spring water. Some rivers furnish us
with good drinking water, but they are the excep-
92
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
tion. As a rule, river water should not be drunk;
the refuse of towns and cities being allowed to com-
mingle with these waters, they become disease car-
riers and should be avoided.
MINERAL WATERS.-These are simply complicated
medicines, containing various salts and gases
blended together, these being derived from the soil
and rocks through which they have percolated.
Some of these waters, especially the Sulphur waters,
earthy mineral waters, Carbonic acid waters and
Chalybeate waters have been very useful in chronic
pulmonary diseases. Their best effects are produced
when drunk at their source. But this is often impos-
sible, the patient not being able to go to them,
in this case, the waters must be brought to them.
PURIFICATION OF WATER.-Water from shallow
wells and river water should always be regarded with
suspicion and subjected to a preparatory purifica-
tion before being used as drinking water. Filtration
through sand and gravel that is well covered with
animal charcoal, will remove the organic matter and
noxious excreta that are so dangerous to life, and
render such water excellent for drinking purposes.
But when such water is greatly contaminated with
the noxious excreta from typhoid fever and cholera
patients, or sewage, the water ahould be discarded,
or if it has to be used, it should be thoroughly boiled
instead of relying solely on filtration. Boiled water
is absolutely sterilized and freed from all noxious
poisons. Water containing an excess of lime can be
purified by Prof. Clark's method of adding caustic
lime, which will cause the foreign element to fall to
the bottom in an insoluble state, or a solution of
Iron, or Alum, one part to twenty thousand clarifies
the muddiest water.
WATER.
93
MILK.-This is the most useful drink given to
man, for it not only contains water, but all the
chemical elements that go to make up his body, and
life can be sustained with it alone for a long time,
but to administer it successfully for any length of
time, it must be commingled with some of the carbo-
hydrates, for milk alone contains too much nitro-
genous matter in proportion to the carbo-hydrates
to form a complete food for adults; but when taken
with a small amount of bread, oatmeal, corn bread,
potatoes, etc., then it becomes a perfect food for an
adult. A nitrogenous diet of milk and meat alone, is
unphysiological and wrong. The great tax upon the
liver and kidneys with this diet will soon produce
albuminuria.
From one quart to a gallon of milk should be
drunk daily. In some patients milk is repulsive and
disagrees; in these cases lime water, one-third to one-
half can be commingled with the milk, and in this way
enable the patient to drink it successfully. But
better still and much more palatable, some alkaline
mineral water, such as Vichy or Applinaris can be
added in the same proportion. Or, to each quart of
milk add forty grains or Bicarbonate of soda with a
little salt and then add one quart of water. Or,
Carnrick's Soluble Food and Liquid Peptonoid can
be taken with the milk, especially where the glands
of the bowels are involved and we have diarrhoea.
The milk should be boiled in cases that have diar-
rhoea. Some patients will have to take it warm.
German See considers the peculiar value of milk
in phthisis to depend upon the fat it contains, and he
argues that when enough milk is taken to provide
the requisite amount of the other elements necessary
for the nutrition of the body, the fatty constituents
94
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
are in large excess, and this he regards as its great-
est recommendation. For an exclusively milk diet
he estimates the necessary quantity at three litres
daily (105 ounces) rather more than five imperial
pints. If diarrhoea is present, goat's milk should be
used on account of the lime salts it contains.
The utility of fatty substances in phthisis is, un-
doubted, and in those cases in which we encounter
an insuperable difficulty in procuring the acceptance
of the digestion of cod-liver oil, we should urge our
patients to consume as much butter and cream as
they can digest.
MALTED MILK.-Horlick's preparation of Malted
Milk contains all the elements of nutrition and as a
drink is of untold value to the phthisical patient. It
requires no cooking, and will dissolve readily in
either hot or cold water, making a highly nutritious
and pleasant drink, that can be taken and digested
by the weakest stomach. From two to six quarts of
this malted milk should be taken daily, combined
with solid food.
PEPTONIZED MILK.-Milk, when peptonized, con-
tains but an insignificant amount of unassimilable
material. When taken hot, it is absorbed with re-
markable rapidity, and the beneficial influences, so
justly attributed to hot milk by the record, are ex-
perienced in a still greater degree from the ingestion of
hot peptonized milk. We are able to state this from
our personal experience and observation of its use.
Not only for invalids and delicate people, but for stu-
dents and overtaxed people. For one who is obliged to
study late at night, a glass of peptonized milk taken
at such times, has most beneficial and sustaining ef
fects in every way. There is nothing better to work
upon, nothing better to sustain one's energies, both
*
WATER.
95
of mind and body, under such circumstances than hot
peptonized milk, as a nourishment before retiring
when fatigued and overworked, it is the ideal food.
It can be prepared in one's room without much
trouble, or any special conveniences. The peptoniz-
ing powder should be mixed with the cold milk and
heated gradually over a flame for a few minutes until
it is as warm as can be agreeably borne by the
mouth, and sipped like a cup of tea or bouillon.
BUTTERMILK.-This is an elegant drink for some
patients, and is of considerable nutritive value, con-
taining albumen, finely coagulated casein salts, water
and sugar, which are largely converted into lactic
acid. It should be drunk fresh as it soon decomposes.
Buttermilk contains less fat than skimmed milk and
is a favorite beverage with many. It can be taken in
large quantities the same as milk.
SKIMMED MILK.-This is the residue after the re-
moval of the cream. Many patients that cannot take
fats can use milk in this form with great benefit. It
has long been the standard diet in albuminuria; from
one to two gallons can be taken daily.
WHEY.-Though not very nutritious, this is an ex-
ceedingly useful fluid food in phthisis, and in many feb-
rile diseases, when milk cannot be digested. It is a
pleasant beverage and can be given freely, from two
to four quarts daily, and in this way much nutritive
matter can be introduced into the system. It is elim-
inated by the kidneys rapidly. Much fruit and vege-
tables should be taken with the whey. It contains in
solution the sugar and the salts of the milk and
holds also in suspension a considerable portion of
casein and fat, which passes through the strainer.
To make whey, take half a pint of fresh milk, heat
it about 150 degrees Fahrenheit and 1%½ teaspoon-
96
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
fuls of wine of pepsin, or one teaspoonful of Fairchild's
Essence of Pepsin and stir just enough to mix. Let
the mixture stand in a warm place until firm coagu-
lation has taken place. Next beat up the curd until
it is finally divided and strain. Another way is to
boil a quart of milk with two teaspoonfuls of lemon
juice. After coagulating, break up the curd and then
strain through muslin and express all the fluid. It
can also be made with white vinegar, white wine,
cream of tartar, rennet or alum.
This whey can be made more nutritious by adding
strong beef tea, or Valentine's Meat Juice, or the yolk
of an egg previously whipped up with a little hot water.
WINE WHEY.—Put one pint of fresh milk into a
vessel and let it come to a boil; then add slowly half
a wineglass full of sherry wine, boil for fifteen min-
utes, skimming off the curd; then add two table-
spoonfuls more of wine, sweeten to taste and it is
ready for use.
CREAM.—This is the fat of milk, and patients that
can use fats, a little of this diluted in hot water can
be drunk with great benefit. Butter taken with other
food should be eaten in large quantities by patients.
suffering from phthisis; it will prove a good substi-
tute for cod-liver oil.
CONDENSED MILK.- Where pure fresh milk cannot
be obtained, condensed milk will be found invaluable.
Dilute with warm or cold water, from ten to thirty
parts according to taste.
GRAPE JUICE.-Unfermented grape juice, such as
used for sacramental and medicinal uses, is probably
the most useful element (outside of milk) we have to
commingle with water to form a beverage for a pa-
tient suffering with phthisis. A patient can live a long
time on grape juice alone, for it not only contains
WATER.
97
water, but many of the elements that go to build up
the solids of the body. When it cannot be taken in
its purity, one ounce, more or less, can be added to a
pint of water and taken at once. This will be found,
not only palatable but very nourishing, and can be
drunk longer than any substance that I am ac-
quainted with or have used. The best preparation
that I have found is that prepared by Dr. Welch of
Vineland, N. J., for sacramental and medicinal uses;
it is so carefully prepared, and so thoroughly clari-
fied, that when uncorked, if kept in a cool cellar, it
will not ferment for many days. That sold by Gross
& Delbridge comes next to this.
GRAPE CURE.-That is, a diet composed exclu-
sively of grapes, to which can be added for many pa-
tients with profit, currants, green gages, peaches,
cherries, figs, raisins, raspberries, blackberries and
strawberries. Van Swieten is said to have recom-
mended in special cases the eating of twenty pounds
of strawberries in one day, and reports a case of
phthisis cured from eating strawberries; but grapes
have proved the most beneficial. Grape juice is
looked upon by many chemists as a sort of vegetable
milk, the composition of which closely resembles that
of human milk, and is almost identical with that of
buttermilk. Patients can eat from one to ten pounds
daily, selecting those that are not too acid. In some
patients this will prove laxative, but differing from
mineral waters, for while increasing the excretions the
grapes also increase the weight and vigor of the body.
Often bread and milk can be added to the grapes with
benefit to the patient. Many cases of consumption
have been reported cured with grapes alone, espe-
cially in the first stages.
KOUMISS.-To prepare koumiss, take three
7
98
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
quarts of milk, one quart boiling water, one small
teacupful of granulated sugar, and one desert spoon-
ful of brewer's yeast, stir well, put in a jar, cover with
a plate and keep in a warm room from four to six
hours, until a slight singing sound is heard, a sign of
commencing fermentation. Bottle and secure corks
well by tying them in. Patent ale or beer bottles are
good. Ready for use in six hours. Improved by age.
Keep in a cool room, use with a champagne tap, take
from one quart to six daily.
KEFFER, OR WINE OF MILK.-To fresh milk
add two per cent. of simple syrup, a little Citric acid;
after being well shaken, cork securely and keep in a
warm place. Ready for use in four days. It is
strongly effervescent, contains two per cent. of Alco-
hol and ranks with koumiss. Use same as koumiss.
FRUIT JUICES, OR SYRUPS:
Pineapple Juice
Lime
Raspberry
Strawberry
Peach
((
Cherry
Blackberry
Fig
((
FRUIT JELLIES:
Red Currant Jelly
Black Currant "
Blackberry
Grape
(C
Quince
66
Raspberry
Crabapple
((
66
Pineapple
Pear
Lemon
Orange
(6
The juice of these various
fruits when commingled with
water forms an elegant drink
for many patients. Use one
ounce of the juice, more or less,
according to the taste, to one
pint of water.
The various fruit jellies when
commingled with water, in the
proportion of one or more tea-
spoonfuls of the jelly to one
pint of water, form one of the
the most palatable and deli-
cious drinks a patient can take,
and not tire of them for a long
time.
WATER.
99
PULQUE.-This is the sap of the Maguey, or Cen-
tury Plant of Mexico. The sap, or Pulque, is as nutri-
tious as milk, which it resembles and is to-day the
food and drink of millions of the Mexican people,
and is used as universally as milk is in our country.
Pulque is not intoxicating and may be taken free as
water, but Mescal, which is made from the same
plant, is intoxicating. The chemical analysis of
Pulque give us Gum Arabic, Phosphorous, Potas-
sium, Magnesia, Lime, Chloral, Alumina, Sulphuric,
Phosphoric and Saline Acids. For dyspepsia and
kidney diseases, especially Bright's Disease of the
Kidneys, nothing known to physicians can equal the
Pulque. In phthisis the use of Pulque from one to
six quarts daily will prove more useful than milk. To
make it more palatable the consumer if desired, can
add the juice of any fruit, orange, or lemon, that
may please his palate, and in this way be able to
consume it in large quantities. Its action is tonic in
nature, increasing the appetite, toning up the system
when fatigued, quieting nervous disorders, and mak-
ing good healthy blood to nourish and support the
body.
CLAM JUICE.-This fluid food is of great value to
patients that are very nervous and greatly pros-
trated. A pint bottle of Clam juice contains the vital
essence of about 1500 Clams. It can be seen at once
its nutritive value as a food in debilitated constitu-
tutions, can be hardly estimated. One or two pints
of this salty, mucilaginious fluid food can be taken
daily, combined with some of the carbo-hydrates.
LEMONADE OR ORANGEADE.-These palatable
drinks can be taken in large quantities by phthisical
patients, especially in hot weather. It is better to
combine with these fluids some of the carbo-hy-
Jor M
100
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
drates, as bread in some of its various forms. The
white of an egg or a whole egg added to lemonade
enables it to be frothed up, and makes a pleasant and
nutritive drink,
GRUELS.-The commingling of farina with water
or milk, forms a gruel, and oatmeal is the form of
farina most used. Oatmeal gruel made with water
or milk is a splendid food; a piece of butter and a
An excel-
little sugar and salt improves the drink.
lent drink is made by adding a handful of oatmeal
to a gallon of water.
RICE WATER.-This is a pleasant nutritive
drink. It may be flavored by any vegetable juice, as
that of the current, raspberry, apple, grape, mul-
berry, etc. Malt extract can be added with profit.
BARLEY WATER.-The same applies to this as
that said of rice water; both can be drunk in large
quantities.
TOAST WATER AND CRUST COFFEE.-Many
patients can drink large quantities of toast water
and crust coffee. The various jellies can be added to
this water, which makes it a pleasant and nutritious
drink. Use from one to six quarts daily.
BEER.— Of all the alcoholic drinks, beer occupies
the first place as a fluid food; cider second, wine
third, and alcohol fourth. Beer is not only stimulat-
ing and tonic, but contains some of the carbo-hy-
drates and is a true fluid, nutritious food. While
the Carbonic acid exhaled is slightly diminished when
Beer and wine are taken in moderate quantities, the se-
cretion of the gastric and pancreatic juices is favored
and there is a gentle excitation of the nerve centres,
and at the same time an undoubted addition made
in the form of salts, fats, glycerine and albuminoids.
As to the rolę played by alcohol in the economy, there
WATER.
101
is still some difference of opinion, but the weight of
evidence is in favor of the theory that it acts slightly
as an aliment. Liebig held the opinion that “Alcohol
and Alcoholic drinks are from their price most costly
materials of respiration. The same effect could be
produced in the body by means of saccharine and fari-
naceous articles of food at one-fourth or one-fifth
the cost." "If much Alcohol be given without other
readily oxidizable food - while furnishing a certain
amount of respiratory food in itself— its effect is to
consume the body-store; in other words, to produce
physiological bankruptcy. Especially is this. to be
borne in mind when there is danger of the system
sinking from exhaustion. Many a case of acute dis-
ease, especially fevers, has been sent into the grave,
never dug by nature but by over stimulation." Ad-
mitting this to be painfully true, there is still a useful
field for Alcohol. When the digestive organs are se-
riously enfeebled, dilute Alcohol is all that the patient
can take or the stomach retain. Alcohol requires no
digestion; by its ready diffusibility it quickly passes
by osmosis from the stomach into the blood. Now,
commingle with the Alcohol some of the carbo-hy-
drates, as rice water, toast water, oatmeal, gruel or
milk, and then Alcohol occupies a place as a food
that cannot be supplied by any other fluid. Beer,
ale, porter are all made from malted grain, hops and
other bitter substances being added as they all con-
tain malt extracts, their nutritive value is greater
than wine or any other spirits. Beer increases the
appetite and favors the deposition of fat.
habitual beer consumer is known by his obesity, his
flushed face, embarrassed breathing, puffy hands, yel-
low conjunctiva, etc. He is usually short-lived and
the end is from fatty degeneration either of the heart
The
102
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
or the liver. But a moderate amount of beer can be
taken for a lifetime without any impairment of the
functions, by the thin and emaciated; but excessively
fat, fleshy people, should avoid beer as they would
poison. From one to two quarts can be taken daily,
and some of the carbo-hydrates had better be eaten
with it.
Ale that is loaded with Carbonic acid gas is one of
the best expectorants I have found in bad cases of
consumption, nothing will give the patient more com-
fort. All wines and waters that are well charged with
Carbonic acid gas will be found to do positive good
to patients suffering with phthisis, while flat wines
and liquors will prove injurious.
MALT EXTRACTS.-The extracts of malt is a
most excellent fluid food in phthisis. One teaspoon-
ful of the extract contains a larger quantity of the
soluble constituents of malt than is found in a pint
of the best ale. It contains as well as carbo-hydrates
some soluble albumenoids and salts without alcohol.
Ground malt has a great future before it, as the di-
gestive organs are enfeebled by the advance of civili-
zation, pre-digested starch must come more and more
into use, and ground malt added to baked flour, or
baked farina in any form, before the hot milk is
poured on, makes a most digestible dish. This milk
pudding should, when mixed, be placed on a hot
plate, where its heat will be maintained, and then the
diastase of the malt acts promptly upon the farina.
Such a milk pudding is very fluid and can be taken in
large quantities. It may be enriched by the addition
of an egg. Hoff's Malt Extract is one of my favor-
ite preparations. It can be used as a delightful and
nutritious table beverage, as a pleasant strengthen-
ing tonic, as a safe and efficacious remedy in disorders
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103
*
of the throat, chest, lungs and stomach, such as ca-
tarrh, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, colds, consump-
tion, dyspepsia, constipation, foul stomach, etc.
As a substitute for Ale, Beer, Porter and every de-
scription of alcoholic drink, all of which are more
stimulating than nourishing, while the reverse is true
of Hoff's Malt Extract, which can be used by the most
delicate invalid with the best effect.
It is also the best known preparation for the weak
and debilitated, especially nursing mothers, as it not
only strengthens the entire system, but acts directly
on the mammary glands, thus assisting the secretion
of milk.
DIRECTIONS.-As a table drink it may be used at
pleasure; as a nutrient or tonic for invalids, persons
in delicate health, nursing mothers, etc., it should be
taken in doses of from a wine glassful to one-third of
a bottle three times a day, before or during meals.
The best medicinal effects are obtained by taking the
malt extract regularly for a definite period in doses
as above, and the result will be that the food will be
properly digested and assimilated and a healthy in-
crease of weight observed. For obstinate coughs,
bronchitis, asthmatic affections, and disorders of the
chest and lungs, warm it thoroughly, and add a lump
of sugar and take in the morning, at noon, and be-
fore retiring at night. On each occasion one-third of
a bottle. In hot climates, or in cases where the malt
extract is thought to be too heavy for delicate stom-
achs, it may be diluted with plain soda water (Car-
bonated water) to suit the taste. In the intervals
between taking the malt extract, the bottle should be
tightly corked and laid upon its side in a refrigerator
or other cool place. The most useful and best way
for a phthisical patient to take malt is to dissolve
104
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
the malt extract in aerated water (one ounce of malt
to the quart) and drink from two to four quarts of
this aerated water daily. If aerated water cannot be
had, use hot water, commingled with milk. Best's
tonic can be used the same way.
EGGS.―The egg is the most concentrated and nu-
tritious food we have. If we include the shell, it con-
tains all the elements of the body. Hen's eggs are
those chiefly used for human food, but those of the
duck, goose, turkey and guinea-fowl are also much
used. Turtle eggs ought to be valuable in phthisis.
Plover's eggs are greatly esteemed for their delicacy
of flavor, The eggs of all birds have the same com-
position and are suitable for food, but are, as a rule,
too small to bother with.
The average weight of a hen's egg is two ounces,
of which 105 grains are shell, 405 grains white, and
240 grains yolk. In every 100 grains, Parks calcu-
lated there would be ten grains of the shell, 22.8 of al-
buminates and fat, and 67.2 of water. He also
estimated that an egg weighing two ounces would
contain just 200 grains of solids, and Pavy says
such an egg would yield 100 grains of nitrogenous
substance, 82 grains of fat, and 11 grains of saline
matter. The shell is composed of 91 per cent. Cal-
cic carbonate, six per cent. Calcic phosphate, and
three per cent. organic matter.
The white of an egg contains less solids than the
yolk, and much less fat. It consists chiefly of albu-
men dissolved in water, and enclosed in a delicate
membrane, it coagulates at 158° F.
The yolk contains much more fat than the white,
vitillin is its chief albuminous constituent. It also
contains olein, palmitin, cholesterin and much lecithin,
and a yellow coloring matter, inorganic salts, ex-
WATER.
105
tractives, and a little grape sugar.
The yolk has an
excess of Phosphate and the white an excess of
Chlorides.
LANDOIS ANALYSIS.
Water
WHITE OF AN EGG.
YOLK.
84.8
51.5
Albuminates
12.0
15.0
•
Fats, etc.
2.0
30.0
Mineral Matter
1.2
1.4
2.1
Pigment extractives
The yolk in an alimentary point of view, is of
more importance than the white, as it contains more
fat as well as a peculiar form of albumen, whereas
the white is chiefly a simple solution of albumen.
The white of an egg, if taken in large quantities, in
some persons, will produce albuminuria, but the
slightest amount of cooking will prevent this. Eggs
are an easily digested food, if taken raw or slightly
cooked, but hard cooked eggs are difficult of digestion.
In albuminuria and the uric acid diathesis, eggs should
not be used. In phthisis an egg is of great value,
beaten up in milk and wine, or brandy, forming
an excellent concentrated and nutritious food, and
may be taken three times a day between meals. An
egg beaten up in coffee or lemonade is also excellent.
One pint of milk, one egg, a teaspoonful of sugar,
two spoonfuls of rum, and a suspicion of nutmeg,
all beaten together, taken the first thing in the
morning, has been credited with curing consump-
tion. If this is taken just before going to bed, it
will often prevent night sweats. Eggs beaten up
with hot water and milk, with a little wine or
brandy, sweetened if desired, form an excellent drink
in phthisis.
There are more than five hundred ways that eggs
may be prepared as food, all of which are more
ļ
106
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
or less useful, but a soft boiled or dropped egg,
is probably the best form for the sick.
OYSTERS.-These should be classed among the
fluid foods, for the chemical analysis shows them to
be nearly all water. König and Krauch found the
whole contents of the oyster shell to contain 89.69
per cent. water, 4.95 albuminates, 0.37 fat, and 2.62
extractive. The oyster consists of two parts, hard
and soft. The hard portion is the muscle that binds
the shell together; it is not easily digested and
should not be given to invalids, with weak digestive
organs. The soft portion is the liver, and is very
bulky and easy of digestion.
Oysters in season, if eaten raw, are very easy of
digestion, and form an excellent food for the phthisi-
cal. Cooking, whether by grilling, scallopping or
stewing, coagulates and hardens them, which makes
them more difficult to digest. At the time of spawn-
ing in the month of May, they often produce noxious
symptoms and should be avoided. The larger the
oyster the better the food. Ten dozen can be eaten
daily. If the oyster was prepared in the fluid form,
like the clam juice, it would form an excellent drink
in phthisis, especially if commingled with some of the
carbo-hydrates.
FLUID BEEF EXTRACTS.-In phthisis, and
other febrile diseases, there is, so to speak, a mineral
inanition, or famine of saline salts and water. In the
administration of the various forms of fluid beef, we
are enabled to supply the tissues with these saline
matters and water, that are being constantly drained
away, and in this way, the albuminous extracts of
meat perform a great use in the system, not only by
building up tissue formation, but especially by
checking tissue waste. Water, commingled with
2
WATER.
107
saline matter is the greatest tonic that can be given
to man.
These proteids or albuminoids, form the solid con-
stituents of the blood, nerve, muscle, glands and or-
gans generally of the body. They also constitute
more than half the solids of the gray matter of the
nerve centres, and about a fourth of the solids of the
white matter of the same. They form in fact, in com-
bination with much water, and associated with cer-
tain acids, bases and salts, the chief mass of the
animal tissues. In all protoplasms, there appear to
exist a vitellin, as well as myosin-like body.
Robin says that the daily losses of mineral salts in
fevers are from 3 to 4 grammes of Chloride of sodium,
1 to 2 grammes of Phosphoric acid, 2.967 of Sul-
phuric acid, and 1.730 of Potash. Compared with an
analysis of bouillon we have
Water
985.600
Organic Solids left after dessication in vacuo of 20° 16.917
Soluble Salts, Chlorides, Phosphates, Sulphates of
Potassium and Sodium
Salts slightly soluble, Phosphates of Lime and
Magnesia
10.720
0.539
Practical experience shows that albuminous and
gelatinous fluids, as found in beef extracts, beef tea,
soups and broths, greatly support the bodily
strength and prevent exhaustion.
It is an error to give these preparations of beef in
too concentrated a form, in which they often prove
repugnant to the sick. They should always be com-
mingled with considerable quantities of milk or water.
This is why soups are so valuable to patients.
The albumens seem to exist in a special state of
hydration, apt to be modified very rapidly and un-
108
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
ceasingly under the influence of variations in the
salts dissolved in the different fluids of the body.
Beef tea, as ordinarily made in the homes of the sick,
is not, scientifically speaking, a food, but a decided
stimulant, because it contains no albumen. But the
fluid and solid extracts prepared by Valentine, Ar-
mour, Bush, etc., are not only stimulants, but true
nutrients, because they contain the albuminous mat-
ter of the meat, as well as the salines. Albumen is
material of which, and from which tissue can, and is
formed, and Valentine's Meat Juice, Armour's Ex-
tract of Beef and Bush's Bovinine, should always
take precedence over the beef tea that is commonly
made at the homes of the sick.
NUTRITION IS THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF ALL ANIMAL
LIFE, and unless the system can be properly and ade-
quately nourished in sickness by a highly condensed
and easily assimilated food, no amount of medication
will suffice to effect a cure. This concentrated liquid.
food is perfectly represented in Armour's solid and
fluid extract of beef. The best and most useful form
of liquid beef extracts in the market are, Armour's
Extract of Beef, Valentine's Meat Juice, J. P. Bush's
Bovinine, Darby & Gosdin's Liquified Meat, by arti-
ficial digestion, Liebig's Beef Tea, and Johnston's
Fluid Beef.
BEEF TEA.-Take one teaspoonful of Armour's
Beef Extract, or two of his fluid beef extract, the same
with Valentine's Meat Juice, to one pint of warm water,
and instantly you have a delicious beef tea, or bouillon
of excellent flavor. To suit the taste, add more or
less salt, or celery salt and pepper. If desired, a little
port wine or sherry can be added with profit. A
fresh egg dropped into hot beef tea forms an excellent
and nutritious bouillon.
WATER.
109
LIEBIG'S BEEF TEA.-Take half a pound of raw,
lean beef (chicken or other meat) and mince it finely.
Put it in an earthenware vessel. Pour on it three
quarters of a pint of water, add four drops of muri-
atic acid and one teaspoonful of salt. Stir well to-
gether, and allow it to stand for an hour. Strain
through a fine sieve and rinse the residue with a quar-
ter of a pint of water. This liquid not only contains
the juice, but the albumen of the meat in an uncoagu-
lated state, with the muscle and fibrine, which makes
it much richer and more nutritive than ordinary beef
tea. It can be taken cold or warm.
BEEF TEA.-Take a pound of lean beef, cut into
fine pieces in a chopping bowl, put the meat in a wide
mouthed bottle, cork loosely, and put it into a pot of
cold water; heat gradually, then let it boil slowly for
three hours, which will extract all the juice from the
meat. Pour off the juice and season to suit the taste.
This is an excellent nutritive stimulant. The addi-
tion of the extract of malt adds to its flavor and in-
creases its nutritious value.
BEEF JUICE.-Take fresh steak, free from fat;
broil over hot coals for one minute, so as to heat it
thoroughly, cut it in many places, then press out the
juice by means of a meat squeezer into a warm bowl;
add a little salt and serve at once.
RAW MEAT PULP.-This is prepared by rubbing
the pounded meat through a sieve, without the addi-
tion of water. This can often be assimilated when no
other food can be borne.
CHICKEN BROTH.-Cut the fowl into small
pieces, and crack the bones. Put it into three pints
of cold water; cover closely and boil for three hours,
or until the meat falls to pieces. Strain, then add a
little rice, which has been soaked in warm water.
110
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
Simmer for twenty minutes. Season and serve with
crackers.
BOVININE.-This is one of the most useful concen-
trated preparations of meat we have, especially where
there is rapid waste of tissue. It is always ready for
use and contains much of the albuminous matter of
the meat, making it a true food, assimilating with
the greatest ease, when solids cannot be taken.
When mixed with hot milk, it can be taken by the
youngest infant, often to great advantage.
VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE.-This is a precious
preparation of meat juice and none in the market can
surpass it, in consumption and all wasting diseases.
It is the pure juice of the best beef, concentrated so
that two ounces of the liquid represents four pounds
of the best lean beef. Extracted from the flesh by a
special process, it holds all the important soluble
constituents in an unchanged condition, for it has
never been cooked; the albumen along with the
hæmoglobin, being preserved unaltered in the solu-
tion, makes it not only a meat stimulant, but also a
valuable flesh forming food. It can be retained and di-
gested by the most delicate stomach. This meat juice
is very palatable and can be prepared in a moment,
by merely the addition of warm or cold water (not
hot)-one teaspoonful in from two to four ounces of
water; and when to be taken as a beverage, two tea-
spoonfuls to one pint of water makes an excellent
and very nutritious drink. Four pints of this can be
taken daily. Season to suit the taste, as there is no
seasoning in this meat juice. Stale bread, oatmeal,
arrowroot or corn starch may be added to this drink
with profit.
SOUP.-In the preparation of soups, the articles
used should be chopped or broken into fine pieces,
WATER.
111
and the bones broken into small fragments and
placed in cold water, allowed to macerate for a short
time for the soluble constituents to become dissolved
out. It is then heated gradually to a point which
should vary according to the product required. Then
a prolonged gentle boiling is required in order that
the gelatine may be extracted, this being the princi-
ple which gives to good soup its property of solidi-
fying on cooling. Bones require boiling a longer
time than meat. The chief principle they yield is gel-
atine. The marrow of bones is the best form of fat
that can be used by man, and much of it should be
eaten by the phthisical. Soup introduces at once into
the system a small installment of ready-digested
food. By filling the vessels of the stomach it assists
in the secretion of gastric juice and saves the period
of trial, which, in the absence of soup, must be spent
by the stomach in deriving some portion of the nu-
triment from solid aliment; and thus the organ of
digestion itself is indirectly strengthened for its forth-
coming duties.
Soup should be made from the leg or shin of beef,
clod, oxtail, neck, cheek or any of the bones. With
these there should always be added fresh vegetables,
as potatoes, split peas, beans, onions, etc.
Take one small turnip, one carrot, one stick
of celery, a sprig of parsley, and a teaspoonful of
Armour's Solid Beef Extract. Cut the turnip, carrot
and celery into small cubes, add 1% to two quarts of
water, simmer for 1% to 2 hours, then add the Beef
Extract, and boil together gently for 20 minutes.
Chop the parsley fine, sprinkle it in the empty soup
tureen, pour in the soup and serve.
FRUIT.
Fruits.-Fruit forms an agreeable and refreshing
kind of food, and when eaten in moderate quantity
exerts a favorable influence as an article of diet. Its
proportion of nitrogenous matter is too low, and of
water too high, to allow it to possess great nutritive
value. It is chiefly of service looking at the actual
material afforded, for the carbo-hydrates, vegetable
acids and salts it contains. All fruits contain levu-
lose sugar, and usually some acid in varied propor-
tions, ranging from the pineapple to the lime. They
all contain alkaline salts, which are good for the
blood. This influence of the alkalies is shown in a
decisive manner in the effects produced on the salts of
organic acid in the circulation. It has long been ob-
served that after eating juicy fruits, cherries, straw-
berries, apples, etc., the urine becomes alkaline. In
rheumatic and gouty people, this is a practical hint
of great value. Fruits should be eaten largely by
such people. Tubers and green vegetables all contain
these alkalies in the form of salts of the organic acids.
The agreeable taste of fruits partly depends on the
aroma and partly on the existence of a due relation
between the acid, sugar, gum, pectin, etc., and like-
wise on the amount of water and the soluble and in-
soluble constituents. Luscious fruits like the peach,
greengage and mulberry, which seem to melt in the
mouth, contain a very large proportion of soluble
112
FRUIT.
113
substances. The sour taste of certain berries, as the
currant, etc., arises from the presence of a consider-
able quantity of free acid. The growth and decay of
fruit is thus described by Pavy: "During its progress
it increases more or less rapidly in bulk and weight,
and as it approaches maturity it loses its green color,
becomes brown, yellow or red, and no longer acts
on the air, like the leaves, but, on the contrary, ab-
sorbs Oxygen and gives off Carbonic acid. As this
process advances, some of the proximate principles
contained in the unripe fruit, particularly the vege-
table acids and Tannin, in part disappears, apparently
by oxidation, and thus it becomes sour and astrin-
gent. At the same time the starch undergoes trans-
formation into sugar, and the insoluble pectose into
pectin and other soluble substances of allied compo-
sition and having more of a gelatinous character.
The fruit in this way arrives at a state of perfection
for eating. Oxidation, however, still advances, and
now the sugar and remaining acid becomes destroyed,
giving rise to the loss of flavor, which occurs after
the full ripened state has been attained and deterio-
ration has set in." From this we can readily see why
unripe fruit as well as overripe fruit is not whole-
some and salutary. The vegetable acids and the pec-
tin disappear in the body speedily after being eaten;
while the alkaline base appears in the urine as a Car-
bonate; though if uric acid be present, as a urate.
Preserved fruits, where cane sugar is used, cause acid-
ity of the stomach in some people, but are invalu-
able to the phthisical.
A great variety of fruits, both in the fresh and
dried state, are consumed as articles of food or as
flavoring agents and luxuries. The following are the
principal varieties used.
8
114
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
nel
Ash.
1. The apple, pear and quince.
2. The peach, plum, apricot, cherry, olive, date.
3. The orange, lemon, lime, shaddock, pomelo.
4. The grape, gooseberry, currant, cranberry, barberry.
5. The strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, mulberry.
6. Melon, banana, pineapple, fig.
The average composition of the most important
of these is, according to Bauer:

APPLE.
PEAR.
•
Water
Nitrogenous mat-
ters
Free acids.
Sugar.
83.58 83.03 80.03 78.18 87.66 94.77 89.01
0.39 0.36 0.65 0.59 1.07
0.51
0.73
•
0.84 0.20 0.92 0.79
0.93
2.15
2.44
7.73 8.26 4.48 24.36
6.28
6.38
4.59
CURRANT.
ORANGE
PULP
ONLY.
Other non-nitro-
genous matters
Celulose and ker-
5.17 3.53 7.17 1.96 0.48 0.90 0.95
1.98 4.30 6.06 3.60| 2.32 4.57 1.79
0.31 0.31
0.31 0.69 0.53 0.81 0.72 0.49
The apple and the
salts, especially the
The analysis of the ash shows these fruits to be
particularly rich in Potash salts.
strawberry are also rich in Soda
strawberry. They also contain salts of Lime, Mag-
nesia and Iron. Their chief food value is in the water
and sugar which they contain.
APPLE.-Good apples, when cooked, are easily di-
gested and slightly laxative in nature. In the raw
state they are not so easily digested but are a great
luxury. Apples are made into sauce, dessert, jelly or
cider.
PEAR.-The pear is a very choice and delicate fruit.
When soft and ripe, are more digestible than the
apple. The pear, when ripe, is better suited for being
FRUIT.
115
eaten raw than the apple, as their flesh is soft and
melts in the mouth. The hard ones should be cooked
before being eaten. This fruit is chiefly used for des-
sert, but is also stewed and made into compote and
marmalade. Perry is obtained from the fermented
juice.
QUINCE. The quince never ripens sufficiently to
be eaten in its raw state, except in Persia. It is
stewed with sugar; when added to apple, it greatly
improves its flavor. It makes an excellent marma-
lade. The seeds make an excellent mucilage.
PEACH.-Peaches are particularly delicate-flavored
and refreshing. Owing to the small amount of sugar
they contain, this fruit agrees with everyone. They
are an excellent food for the phthisical, gouty and
diabetic. They are eaten raw, cooked or made into
marmalade.
PLUM.-This fruit, in the form of prunes, when
stewed is of great value in constipation. They should
be avoided in the unripe state, for they prove indi-
gestible, irritating, and cause diarrhoea.
APRICOT.-A good ripe apricot is an excellent fruit.
If it is not ripe, it is apt to prove laxative. In the
cooked state it is not easy of digestion. Green apri-
cots are often used for tarts; when preserved it is
highly esteemed. The juice, one ounce to a quart of
water, is an excellent drink in phthisis.
CHERRY.-This is a luscious fruit when ripe, but
should be eaten in moderation. It is generally eaten
raw. In the preserved state, the juice or liquor, one
ounce to the pint of water, is an excellent drink in
phthisis.
OLIVE.- Olives enter into the constitution of va-
rious dishes. They are sometimes used to stimulate
the appetite at the commencement of dinner, and are
•
116
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
also eaten at dessert as a relish, and to cleanse the
palate for the enjoyment of wine. Pickled olives are
a great luxury for many. But the great use for this
fruit is in the oil (the pulp of the ripe fruit contains
70 per cent. of oil) used as a food, replacing butter,
not only with bread, but in cooking, especially in fry-
ing. It is very nutritious, but it is not readily di-
gested. If given in three or four tablespoonful doses
it acts as a mild laxative. It is largely used in lini-
ments, but it is hard to get the oil pure, it is so
largely adulterated with cotton-seed oil, lard and
petroleum.
DATE. This is a highly nutritious fruit and forms.
an important food for the Arabs. It is used both
fresh and dried. Cakes of dates, pounded and kneaded
together into a solid mass constitute the store of
food called the "bread of the desert," provided for
the African caravans on their journey through the
Sahara. The fruit is of a drupaceous nature, and
the fleshy part contains, according to the analysis of
Reinsch, 58 per cent. of sugar, associated with pectin,
gum, etc. It is only used as a luxury in this country.
ORANGE. This is one of the most useful and
agreeable of fruits, exceedingly grateful and refresh-
ing to the palate. When ripe, it is so little likely to
occasion disorder as to be admissible under almost
any and every condition, in sickness or health. In
fevers it is very grateful for allaying thirst. The
sweet orange is largely used in its fresh state, also by
the cook and confectioner. The bitter principle and
the oil in the rind is used for its aromatic bitterness
as a stomachic and tonic and as a flavoring agent.
The orange pulp or juice contains sugar and citric
acid, and makes one of the most pleasant drinks
the phthisical patient can use. It may be taken in
FRUIT.
117
quantities from one to four quarts daily. Excellent
wine is made from the orange.
LEMON.-The pulp of this fruit is very acid, and is
extensively used to give flavor to many articles of
food. The juice possesses valuable anti-scorbutic
properties, and made into lemonade, constitutes one
of the most popular of refreshing beverages. From
one to four quarts can be taken daily, if the patient
is not using milk. The rind contains a volatile oil,
and bitter principle, which renders it useful as an
aromatic and stomachic. In chronic malarial fever, a
strong decoction of the lemon, rind and all, is of
great value, curing many cases. It is occasionally
made into wine, the same as the orange.
LIME. This is an extremely acid fruit, and is
largely used for its anti-scorbutic properties. One
ounce more or less to the quart of water is a refresh-
ing and useful beverage in phthisis. Two quarts can
be taken daily.
SHADDOCK.—This is a moderately acid fruit, and
will keep longer on sea voyages than any other of
the citrus fruits. One ounce of the juice to a quart of
water makes an excellent drink in the last stages of
phthisis, where the patient is troubled with aphthous
sore mouth.
—
POMELO. This fruit closely resembles the shad-
dock. Its flavor is pleasant and approaches that of
the orange. One ounce more or less to the quart of
water makes an excellent and refreshing beverage in
phthisis.
GRAPE.-See grape juice and grape cure, page 96.
GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, CRANBERRY, BARBERRY.—
These are remarkable for the free acid and sugar
they contain, which make them very refreshing, and
their juices form an agreeable and refreshing bever-
118
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
age, taken one ounce, more or less, to the quart of
water. The jellies made out of these fruits, dissolved
in the proportion of one ounce, more or less, to the
quart of water, form one of my favorite drinks in
phthisis. The berries are also made into wine and
preserves.
STRAWBERRY, RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, MUL-
BERRY.-These are exceedingly popular fruits, and
are very wholesome when eaten in moderation. They
are remarkable for the amount of water, sugar and
free acid they contain. They are largely used for
tarts and puddings. An excellent jelly is made from
them, that is of great value in forming a drink for
the phthisical. The juice or syrup of these fruits
should be used one ounce, more or less, to the quart
of water. In phthisis accompanied by diarrhœa, use
the blackberry juice or syrup, one ounce to the quart
of water. The wine of this berry is also useful in
these cases.
MELON.- This is the most watery of all the fruits,
containing more than 95 per cent. When perfectly
ripe, it forms a rich and delicious fruit, and can be
eaten freely by most people, especially as a dessert.
But in some people it will cause indigestion, probably
from the amount of sugar it contains.
The
BANANA:- This fruit is highly nutritious, from the
sugar and nitrogenous matter it contains.
plantain, the best variety of the banana, is supposed
to be the fruit that Eve was tempted with in Para-
dise. Both varieties constitute exceedingly pro-
ductive plants, and it is asserted that an extent of
ground which would only grow wheat enough for the
support of two persons, would maintain fifty, if culti
vated with the plantain. In tropical regions, bananas
are the chief support of the people. The starch is
FRUIT.
119
converted during maturation, first into a mucilag-
inous substance, and then into sugar. Plantain meal
is prepared by powdering and sifting the dried core
whilst in the green or unripe state. It has a fragrant
odor, and a bland taste, like common wheat flour. It
is easy of digestion, and is extensively employed in
British Guiana as the food of infants, children and in-
valids. It is of higher alimentary value than the
starchy preparations of sago, arrow-root, etc. The
pulp is composed, according to Corenwinder, of—
Nitrogenous matter
Sugar, pectose, organic acid, with traces of starch
Fatty matter
Cellulose
Saline matter
Water
4.820
- 19.657
0.632
0.200
0.791
73.000
100.000
This fruit I allow, and urge a person suffering with
phthisis to eat freely, taking daily from one to two
pounds of the bananas. It builds up his wasting
adipose tissue faster than any food he can com-
mand, especially if he will combine with it a large
amount of liquid food.
PINEAPPLE.—This fruit may be looked upon as
furnishing the finest dessert we have. Besides being
eaten in the fresh state, it is made into a preserve
with sugar.
The juice and syrup, one ounce to the
quart, form one of the best drinks a phthisical pa-
tient can take. It not only builds up the body, but
acts as an expectorant, greatly relieving the cough.
Use from one to four quarts daily.
FIGS.-The fig forms a good food from the amount
of sugar it contains. Where constipation prevails,
In some
figs eaten freely will regulate the bowels.
120
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
patients they will produce indigestion, and act on
the bowels as a laxative. There are many other
fruits not mentioned here that the physician can
command whenever and wherever they can be found.
HOW TO ADMINISTER THESE LIQUIDS-THEIR TECH-
NIQUE.-After selecting the fluids to be used through
the day, so that the patient will know just how much
he has drunk, prepare in two one-quart glass fruit
jars, each full, one of grape juice and the other of
milk; or one jar can contain fluid beef, and the other
oatmeal water; or one currant jelly water, and the
other pulque; or one malt and the other pineapple
juice; or one blackberry juice and the other Bovinine;
or one peach juice and the other Carnrick's Soluble
Food; or one Valentine's Meat Juice and the other
rice water. And so on with the long list of liquid
foods mentioned in this volume, trying, wherever
practicable, to alternate a carbo-hydrate with an al-
buminoid.
Solid Food In Phthisis.-When a child or an
adult shows signs of defective nutrition, and he has a
delicate constitution, especially if one or both of his
parents have died of phthisis, and this disease is
hereditary, a sound and rational diet, both in in-
fancy and adult life, acts as a most efficient pro-
phylactic against the development of this fatal
malady. We must strive to so improve nutrition that
the body may gain in weight; for it is a well estab-
lished fact, that when we can improve nutrition, the
disease itself becomes favorably influenced thereby.
Nutrition gives the system force power to resist the
forces that cause phthisis, but mal-nutrition gives the
forces that cause phthisis power to destroy the body.
Then a person predisposed to phthisis should be
placed, if possible, under influences calculated to in-
FRUIT.
121
vigorate the constitution, and to extinguish such
morbid tendency. A person with a constitution where
phthisis is inherited must avoid all evil surround-
ings, and any habits of life that would tend in the
least to weaken his body, such as bad air, ill-venti-
lated, dusty, damp rooms, loss of rest, over sexual
indulgence, self pollution, intemperance of all kinds;
bad food, such as living exclusively on rye bread
and potatoes; going poorly clad, and exposure in
damp, cold atmosphere, and over-exertion. He
should strive to live in a pure atmosphere, at all
times, and in all places, with an abundance of regu-
lar, outdoor exercise; cultivate cheerfulness at all
times, and eat a well selected, mixed diet of both
vegetable and animal food. The vegetables supply
the Phosphate of soda, and especially the Potash
salts, nature's true solvent of uric acid and the
urates; as well as the starches and sugar, carbo-hy-
drate or fuel foods, supplying animal heat, and
building up the tissues of the body. The potential
energy of the fats, however, is much greater than
that of the carbo-hydrates. Nitrogenous food, as
found in an animal diet, is absolutely essential for
the construction and maintenance of the tissues.
Hard work is best performed with an abundant sup-
ply of nitrogenous food.
Fruits possess precious qualities as a food for
the phthisical, and should occupy a prominent place
in the diet of one suffering with consumption. Their
juices, distilled in nature's laboratory, need no boil-
ing or filtering, and never convey the germs of dis-
ease. How easily they go through the tissues of the
body, leaving their precious salts of Potash, Soda,
Phosphorus, etc. Their acids, how refreshing; their
salts, how stimulating; their delicious flavors, how
122
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
they play on the nervous system! They clog not,
neither do they cloy, but are always a luxury.
The following list contains the leading articles
of solid foods that may be eaten by the phthisical
and scrofulous:
VEGETABLE FOOD.
Wheat flour (bolted)
Wheat flour (whole wheat)
Wheat flour (unbolted)
Rye bread
Buckwheat
Asparagus
Lettuce
Tomatoes
Cresses
Banana
Beets
Onions
Oat Meal
Corn Meal
Barley flour
Pease
Rice flour
Beans
ANIMAL FOOD.
Beef (rare)
Potatoes
Beef (roast)
Sweet Potatoes
Beef (boiled)
Lentils
Mutton
Cabbage
Liver
Beets
Pork (bacon)
Carrots
Fat
Melons
Eggs
Turnip
Fowl (all kinds)
Peaches
Turkey
Grapes
Chicken
Cucumbers
Duck
Pears
Milk
Apple
Tapioca
Cheese
Oysters
Plums
Manna
Sago
Arrowroot
Mushrooms
Pearl Barley
Maccaroni
Celery
Spinach
Clams
Tripe
Butter
Oil
Venison
Turtle
Geese
Soups (all kinds)
Calves' Liver
FRUIT.
123
Sheep's Kidneys
Lobsters
Mackerel
Salmon
Haddock
Mussels
Skimmed Milk
Cream
White Fish
Trout
Cod Fish
Sturgeon
Cat Fish
Eel
Bass
Perch
Phthsical patients, whose digestive functions are
unimpaired, can eat any form of nourishing food,
that enters into the ordinary dietary of the health.
Beside the solid food, large quantities of liquid food
should be taken between meals to build up and
fatten the body.
What is termed by the French physician, “Alimen-
tation Forces"—i. e. forced feeding-is an expedient
suggested by Dr. Debove, of Paris, for introducing
food in large quantities into the stomachs of phthis-
ical patients who have lost all appetite, or even ac-
quired a positive repugnance for food.
Debove also maintains that his method of arti-
ficial alimentation, with or without a previous wash-
ing out of the stomach, with iced water, is a most
efficacious measure for arresting the vomiting of
phthisical patients.
Debove discovered by accident, that in cases in
which all food introduced into the stomach in the
ordinary way, was rejected by vomiting, food intro-
duced by the œsophageal tube was, strange to say,
retained; and on this observation he founded his
method of "Suralimentation." He finds he is able to
introduce by this means into the stomach an
"excess" of food which is retained and digested; and
he truly observes that a patient with phthisis,
requires considerably more food than a person in
health, on account of the greater bodily waste taking
124
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
place. He has observed that the digestive power of
the patient has no relation with appetite. "A patient
who has no appetite, or who has a marked disgust
for all food, will digest perfectly a large meal intro-
duced by the tube, and even at the end of a certain
time will recover his appetite.
"As the results of suralimentation, or excess of
food, he has observed disappearance of night sweats,
cough, and expectoration; increase of strength,
rapid gain in weight, and at the same time a consider-
able amelioration in the physical signs.
"By the use of powdered raw meat, Debove, and
Dujardin-Beaumetz in Paris, and Piper in Griefs-
wald, have been able to apply the principle of surali-
mentation without the necessity of using the œsopha-
geal tube.
"Dujardin-Beaumetz gives the following instruc-
tions for making this powder: Take the lean of beef
and cut it up into small pieces; dry it in a water-
bath; when thoroughly dried, reduce it to powder in
a coffee-mill. This powder can be mixed with lentil
flour and taken in the form of soup, or, better still,
it may be mixed with chocolate or with grog- grog
de la powdie de viande.' To make the latter, you
place in the bowl two tablespoonfuls of meat powder;
to this you add three dessertspoonfuls of 'syrup of
punch,' and enough milk to make a perfectly fluid
mixture. By this means you can give from 1,500 to
6,000 grains of meat powder daily. The latter quan-
tity would be equivalent to 24,000 grains, or three
and a half pounds of raw meat. (Valentine's meat
juice, two ounces, represent four pounds of the raw
meat. It is all ready for use, and ten times more
simple to take, as directed in this volume.) Or it
may be given as recommended by Debove, simply
FRUIT.
125
mixed with milk; first adding just enough milk to
make a smooth paste, and then mixing in the re-
mainder so as to make a uniform fluid mixture that
can be readily drunk. It is necessary in using these
powders to see that they are genuine, and not over-
dried.
"Debove attempts to explain the beneficial effect
of suralimentation, in the following manner: The
tubercle bacillus develops in a certain soil, a soil
which becomes less favorable to its culture when it is
modified by suralimentation (excess of food); this,
indeed, augments combustion, as is shown by the
amount of urea excreted in the twenty-four hours-
amounts which reach from 900 to 1,200 grains,
and even more. We may also say that by this
method we give our patients the power to resist
their disease; as when the vine is attacked by the
phylloxera, one of the best remedies is to manure
well the land; by so doing we do not destroy the
parasites, but we give the plant the force necessary
to struggle against it." (This is a strong argument
in favor of suralimentation of liquid food, and a
death blow to the bacillus theory.)
"Since the adoption of powdered raw meat for
suralimentation the introduction of food into the
stomach by means of the oesophageal tube is re-
served for those cases in which, owing to the irrita-
bility of the gastric mucous membrane, food taken in
the ordinary way cannot be retained in the stomach.
'While we should do all in our power to encour-
age our phthisical patients to take an abundance of
nourishing food (and for this purpose we should
make their diet as varied and attractive as possible),
we must be careful not to admit into their dietary
forms of food which, although attractive to the
126
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
patient, tend to exhaust his digestive forces without
rendering him an equivalent amount of support and
nourishment. We should, therefore, exclude pastry,
uncooked fruits, salads, pickles, and all forms of
indigestible food." (I. B. Yeo, M. D.)
It would be undesirable to fix too rigidly the daily
dietary of those suffering with phthisis, but in dis-
tinctly febrile cases a much more fluid dietary will
have to be followed, and some of the food should be
taken at least every hour. When the patient is able
to be about, and there are no active febrile symp-
toms, a mixed solid diet of the most nutritious food
that can be procured should be taken with an ever-
changing variety. The same kind of food eaten
daily is bad. Try to have something different every
day. A change of food is not only more satisfying,
but more nutritious. In the use of bread, I cannot
urge the patient too strongly to use the whole wheat
flour. He greatly needs the Phosphates, and in no
place can they be found equal to those in cracked
wheat, and the flour from the whole berry. He
should also use much of the oat-meal flour (rolled
avena) and corn-meal. Butter and fat should be
freely eaten. A taste for these fats should be culti-
vated; if the patient eats one-half a pound of butter
daily, so much the better.
Dr. De Meil's Perfect Health Biscuits are designed
to supply Phosphates and Carbonate of lime in a
palatable form. The idea is novel and practical.
The biscuits are well made, and are readily taken
by delicate children.
The fattening properties of milk and cream are
well known, and they should be used in large quan-
tities, the more the better, especially in the young.
Malt mixed with milk is one of my favorite foods,
FRUIT.
127
especially if some of the farinaceous foods are added.
The banana is of great value as a fat-producing food
in phthisis; from one to two pounds of this food
should be eaten daily, by the phthisical.
Macaroni in all its forms is highly nutritious;
being chiefly gluten, it is the most valuable part of
wheat. Weight for weight, it is equal to meat, and
for flesh making is equal to meat.
Water.-There should be taken large quantities
of water during the meal, and it should be warm or
quite hot. And if some alkaline water, like Vichy,
could be drunk one-half hour before a meal, it would
greatly benefit those who are inclined to indigestion.
The freer the supply of water to the blood, the more
copious the gastric and intestinal secretions will be,
and the more perfect the digestion. In febrile cases,
the patient will have to almost live on water and
fluid foods. Much water is needed not only to replace
the loss of water from the heated body, constantly
passing away by the kidneys, cutaneous and pulmo-
nary surfaces, but also to provide a necessary sol-
vent medium to dissolve and carry away the waste
products of the increased metabolism of the tissues.
Such patients should be urged to take often lemon-
ade, pure water, or effervescing water, or some of the
fluid foods. Malt with water, or beer, drunk at meals,
is excellent for the phthisical. It is a great mistake
to think that a large quantity of fluid interferes with
digestion; on the contrary, it greatly facilitates
digestion.
Dr. G. See makes his patients take 16 ounces of
hot tea during each meal. As a rule, people eat too
much and drink too little. A phthisical patient can-
not drink too much water. Soups and broths should
form a part of the meal as often as three times a
128
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
week. Beef gives us the weakest broth, mutton
broth is a little stronger, and chicken broth is the
most nutritious of all.
Dr. I. B. Yeo says, "In order to yield the nec-
essary ration of Nitrogen and Carbon the following
quantities of the under-mentioned articles would be
required; for experience has shown that the diet best
suited for the body must contain one part of nitro-
genous foods to four of the non-nitrogenous:
TO YIELD
183 GRAMMES NITROGEN.
Cheese
-
-
272
Bacon
TO YIELD
328 GRAMMES CARBON.
450
Peas
-
Lean Meat
Wheat Flour
520
Maize
801
·
538
Wheat Meal
D
· 824
796
Rice
-
896
Eggs (18)
905
Peas
Maize
989
Cheese
Black Bread
- 1430
Black Bread
Rice
1868
Eggs (43)
Milk
Potatoes
Bacon
·
Cabbage
Turnips
- 2905
4575
- 4796
7625
- 8714
Lean Meat
Potatoes -
Milk
Cabbage
Turnips
· 919
1160
- 1346
2231
- 2620
3124
- 4652
9318
Beer
·
-
· 17000
Beer
10650
-
13160
It would be scarcely possible for any individual to
consume and digest daily 2620 grammes (i. e. about
90 ounces) of meat, the quantity necessary in order
to yield the daily requirement of Carbon, while the
waste of Nitrogen would be prodigious. On the
other hand, it would require 4575 grammes, or about
ten pounds, of potatoes to yield the daily require-
ment of Nitrogen. And milk, which is the food of
nature's own selection for the infant, would be most
wasteful as the sole food for the adult, as he would
require 4652 grammes, or ten pints, to furnish the
FRUIT.
129
daily supply of Carbon he requires and a consid-
erable portion of the Nitrogen would be wasted.
Whereas, in a mixed diet of meat and potatoes less
than 538 grammes of the former, together with less
than 3114 grammes of the latter, would yield re-
spectively the amount of Nitrogen and Carbon re-
quired. The Carbon necessary for nutrition can
be provided, as we have seen, either in the form of
fats or of carbo-hydrates. If in the form of fat,
then, according to Voit's calculations, an average
working-man would require for his daily consump-
tion 346 grammes; if in the form of starch, 596
grammes. But it is no doubt better to obtain the
Carbon that we require in our food in part from both
classes of aliments-from a mixture of fat and fari-
naceous foods. This appears to suit the digestive
capacities of man, as well as his nutritive require-
ments, best.
Carbo-hydrates are not able to minister as com-
pletely as the fats do to the functions of tissue
growth and repair; while, on the other hand, a large
proportion of fat in the food is not, as a rule, well
tolerated by the digestive organs for long at a time,
unless under exceptional conditions of climate, as
among the inhabitants of Arctic regions, where food
possessing a relatively large capacity for heat produc-
tion is especially needed. It is not uncommon, more-
over, to find individual peculiarities with regard to
the capacity for taking fats, some persons being inca-
pable of digesting but very small quantities; in such
cases the deficiency must be supplied by a propor-
tionate allowance of carbo-hydrates.'
Dr. I. B. Yeo says, "Scrofulous children should
have an abundant supply of good milk as the basis
of their diet, also sound, wholesome meal bread and
9
130
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
plenty of butter. Easily absorbable fats are especially
valuable to the scrofulous. Cod liver oil is one of
the best, but many other forms of fat are extremely
useful, such as butter, cream, bacon fat, dripping.
Bread lightly toasted, and soaked in fluid bacon fat
or dripping, is generally liked by children, and is
most wholesome. Suet puddings served with treacle,
sugar, or jam, are also generally popular with
children, and may be the means of introducing a
considerable amount of fat in the food, which would
be rejected if presented in its natural form. Mutton
suet, chopped fine and boiled in milk and sweetened,
is another useful expedient.
"It is always necessary to pay much attention to
the digestion, and to at once modify the diet if it is
found to be attended with signs of dyspepsia. In
scrofulous children of the fat and flabby type, it is
not so important to administer fatty foods. It is
better in such cases to give a diet rich in albumi-
nates, but small in bulk. The common error is to
keep such children too exclusively on farinaceous
food, and to give them a very insufficient supply of
animal food. In children with a very delicate diges-
tion it is often difficult to get them to take fats or
oils of any kind. In such cases inunctions with oil-
Cod liver oil or Olive oil-after washing the surface
with hot water and soap, is a good plan. All these
cases require also an abundance of respiratory food,
an abundance of active oxygen, which they should be
allowed to obtain by a life in the open air, in the
country or by the sea." In these children Peptonized
Cod liver oil and milk is the best form of fat that can
be given them.
Rectal Alimentation.-Numerous experiments
have demonstrated the fact that food introduced into
FRUIT.
131
the rectum is assimilated, and is capable to maintain
the normal temperature and weight of the body. Dr.
Flint thinks that food introduced into the rectum
excites secretion of the gastric and intestinal glands,
and in the absence of ingesta in the stomach and
small intestine, the fluids secreted by these glands
pass into the large intestine in sufficient quantity to
effect digestion within the latter. But it remained
for Dr. Campbell to solve the problem as to the rectal
feeding. He asserts that instead of the digestive
principles descending to the food to digest it, the
food ascends to these fluids in the small intestine,
and that it is there digested and prepared for absorp-
tion by the proper organs in precisely the same man-
ner as after buccal ingestion. A great number of
well established cases are on record to establish the
fact that reverse peristaltic action of the intestinal
canal is of frequent occurrence. Many substances,
even suppositories, and pieces of tallow candles,
introduced into the rectum have been vomited up.
Various kinds of nutrient foods can be used for rec-
tal feeding; as milk, peptonized milk, malted milk,
all kinds of fluid beef, as Valentine's meat juice,
Armour's fluid beef, Bovinine, raw eggs, soups, gruels,
and about all the fluid foods enumerated in this book.
When rectal feeding is resorted to-
1st. The rectum should be washed out once
daily by a copious injection of quite hot water.
2nd. Rest in a recumbent position should be taken,
on the right side, with the shoulders much lower
than the pelvis, for thirty minutes after receiving
the enema.
3rd. The temperature of the fluid used should be
quite warm, a little above that of the body.
4th. The quantity of the various nutrients used
132
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
should be from six to sixteen ounces at a time; and
when water is used, commingled with some of the
juices from fruits or liquid food, there should be used.
each time from one to two quarts.
5th. From two to four clysters should be used
daily. If rectal feeding is intended to wholly substi-
tute buccal ingestion, milk, and the various forms of
fluid beef and eggs, should be used; but, if only sup-
plemental to buccal ingestion, all the fluids recom-
mended in this volume may be used, and in quanti-
ties as large as the bowel can be taught to retain at
each injection.
6th. At the commencement of the use of nutrient
enemata, the rectum may be intolerant of the inva-
sion and strive to expel the aliment. When this
is the case, the operator should firmly press a folded
napkin over the anus for a few minutes, until the
desire to empty the rectum shall have passed away.
The rectum can be educated to retain a large amount
of fluid.
7th. The best instrument for rectal feeding is a
soft-rubber bag syringe without valves, for where
valves exist they are liable to be gummed over and
choke the syringe. An ordinary soft-rubber female
syringe is all that can be desired, care being exercised.
to thoroughly cleanse it.
A. Wilford Hall, of New York, has a treatment for
consumption, and all other diseases, that is well worth
investigation by the physician, for it does make many
good cures. His treatment consists of injecting
quite hot water into the bowels, commencing with
one pint of water; then waiting two days and inject-
ing one quart; two days after, one more quart, and
then once in three days, two quarts. After this,
every third day, he increases the quantity slowly,
FRUIT.
133
as the bowels will bear it, until he can use a gallon
at a time. He does not think it necessary for the
patient to retain the water until absorption takes
place, but simply to wash out the colon, or the hu-
man sewer, as he calls it; his theory being that all
diseases arise from three different sources:
FIRST.-If the bowels do not move regularly the
small intestines secrete a gas which is carried into
the circulation and vitiates the blood, producing
many constitutional diseases.
SECOND.-When the kidneys do not perform their
functions, uric acid is absorbed into the system, pro-
ducing rheumatic and gouty diseases.
THIRD.-All specific and contagious diseases.
For four dollars he sells the outfit to a party,
compelling him under a pledge never to reveal the
secret; and he has succeeded in obtaining the most
glowing testimonials from ministers and business
men all over this country.
This layman (for I understand he is not a physi-
cian) has just touched upon a scientific treatment
of disease. If he would allow the water to be taken
up by the absorbents of the intestinal canal, and use
it daily in smaller quantities, so that the bowels
would retain it, his cures would be still more wonder-
ful. The absorption of water by the digestive organs
is accomplished just as easily when received into the
intestinal tract by enemata as it is when taken as a
drink by the mouth. The suralimentation of water
is destined to revolutionize the whole practice of
medicine. I have just treated a chronic case of tu-
bercular diarrhoea with copious injections of hot
water, three times a day, and the third day it was
cured. We can medicate these injections, and in this
way come in immediate contact with the diseased
134
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
bowel; or we can use nutritious substances with the
water, and in this way nourish and build up our
patients. In all cases of phthisis, in the last stages
of the disease, he should not only drink large quan-
tities of liquid food, but they should be used quite
warm, injected directly into the bowels. Many lives
can be greatly prolonged, and some may be cured, by
these enemata, if used perseveringly, as they should
be, and in as large quantities as the colon will en-
dure.
Enemata in the last two stages of phthisis is the
most useful expedient we have. When the patient has
absolute loss of appetite, and food cannot be eaten,
nutrient enemata, persevered in, will bring back the
appetite, and revolutionize the whole case.
Gaseous Enemata.-To Dr. Le Bergeon, of
France, belongs the honor of introducing gaseous
enemata in the treatment of tuberculosis. It consists
in the introduction into the rectum of Carbon diox-
ide mixed with Hydrogen sulphide, better known as
Carbonic acid and Sulphuretted hydrogen. It is not
necessary for me to describe the apparatus, as it can
be purchased from so many instrument makers in
this country. To administer this gas, place the pa-
tient in the recumbent posture, insert the nozzle of
the gas bag well into the rectum, and then slowly in-
ject into the bowels from one to two gallons of the
gas at a time, allowing, at least, ten to fifteen min-
utes for each injection. These injections should be
given twice a day, morning and night, before a meal
or three hours after. The bowels, with their extensive
secreting surface, absorb these gases with great
rapidity. The portal venules are always ready to
appropriate Oxygen and Carbonic acid gas, and the
venous blood carries it to the lungs, where it acts
FRUIT.
135
directly upon the diseased tissues, in many cases pro-
ducing marvelous curative effects. All observers
agree that the early effects of the use of gaseous
enemata, are diminution in cough and expectoration;
cessation of night sweats; lowering of the tempera-
ture, and gain in the weight of the body.
Dr. Bergeon claims many cures in well pronounced
cases of phthisis. In my own hands, I have seen fine
results from this gas; and in the early stages of
phthisis, when thoroughly used, it will make many
cures. In the last stages, associated with tubercular
diarrhoea, its use is attended with great pain and ag-
gravation of the disease.
Carbonic acid gas can be made in the stomach,
often with benefit. Take twelve drops of muriatic
acid in a glass of water, immediately followed by one
teaspoonful of Bicarbonate of soda in water.
REMEDIES.
General Atonic Condition of the Body, with
Emaciation and Debility.-CALC. CARB., IODIUM,
SILICEA, KALI IOD., ARSENICUM, FERRUM, SUL-
PHUR, LYCOPODIUM, PHOSPHORUS, CHINA,
STANNUM, COD-LIVER OIL.
Calc. phos., Ferrum phos., Natrum sulph., Calc.
sulph.
Nux v., Rhus tox., Spong., Tart em., Kali bi.,
Cuprum.
Adjuvants.-Fluid diet. Outdoor exercise, es-
pecially mountain climbing.
Hæmoptysis, Pulmonary Hæmorrhage.-ACO-
NITE, IPECAC, COCAINE, HAMAMELIS, MILLE-
FOLIUM, PHOSPHORUS, ATROPIA, BELLADON-
NA, MORPHIA, CHINA, VERATRUM VIRIDE,
TRILLIUM, CUPRUM PHOS.
Sulphur, Arsenicum, Lachesis, Ergot, Arnica,
Elaps cor., Sanguinaria, Amyl. nit., Crotlaus, Bryonia,
Nitric Acid, Pulsatilla, Sulphuric Acid, Collinsonia,
Digitalis, Gallic Acid.
Kreosote, Calc. C., Plumbum, Iodine, Crocus, Eri-
geron, Nux V., Mercury, Tartar Em., Carbo V.,
Silicea, Cactus, Ustilago, Sabadilla, Apocynum C.,
Caulophylum, Drosera, Matico, Ledum, Phos. Acid,
Ferr. Phos.
Adjuvants.-Absolute mental and bodily repose.
Rest in bed, with head and shoulders elevated. Swal-
136
REMEDIES.
137
low often small pieces of ice. Cold applications to the
chest, as ice in a bladder, or a rubber bag. Place the
ice within several folds of a towel before applying to
the chest. Dry cupping over the chest. Sinapisms.
Ether spray to the spine and chest. Spinal hot
water bag to cervical and dorsal region. Inhalation
of cold air passing over ice. Transfusion of blood
or water when death is imminent. Subcutaneous
injections of Morphia or Cocaine act quickly. Diet of
milk, koumiss, soups, beef tea, chicken broth, cold
tea, coffee, cocoa. Inhalation of Oxygen gas. Appli-
cation of a ligature to one or more of the extremities
for a short time. Injections per rectum, of carbonic
acid gas mixed with Sulphuretted hydrogen, I have
seen to act like magic. Drink as much as one pint of
very hot water every hour.
ATROPIA,
Cough (Tusis). Dry.-ACONITE,
BELLADONNA, ARSENICUM, BRYONIA, CONIUM,
HYOSCIAMUS, GELSEMIUM, KALI HYD., LA-
CHESIS, MERCURY, PHOSPHORUS, RUMEX,
SPONGIA, SULPHUR, RHUS TOX., MORPHIA,
APOMORPHIA, PILOCARPIN, IODINE, NAPH-
THALIN, TANNIN, FERR. PHOS. KALI SULPH.
Causticum, Kali carb., Nitric acid, Nux v., Opium,
Cina, Santonin, Camphor, Chloral, Ether, Cubebs,
Ferrum, Grindelia, Cerium ox., Petroleum, Stigmata,
Cup. phos.
Ambra, Arnica, Argentum n., Bromine, Chama-
milla, Coffea, Drosera, Dulcamara, Graphites, Ignatia,
Sepia, Sulph. Ac., Cimicifuga, Kali Brom. Veratrum
Alb., Coral, Sticta, Spigelia, Sabadilla, Caulophyllum,
Phytolacca, Zinc.
Adjuvants.-To loosen and allay a dry, teas-
ing cough, administer glycerine, or the syrup of tolu
in teaspoonful doses, or mix them with as much
138
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
brandy or whiskey. Bass's ale is excellent to loosen
a cough. Inhalation of hot steam with hot fomenta-
tions about the throat. Inhalation of Chloroform
or Ether, vapor of glycerine, inhalation of Carbonic
acid gas, Tar in Capsules, Tar water, or the Oil of
tar, mucilaginous drinks, as gum arabic water,
barley water, linseed tea with lemons, slippery elm,
oat-meal water, frequent drafts of a little cold wa-
ter. The patient should try and resist the cough.
A mucilage of Tragacanth. Decoction of Iceland
moss, infusion of Marsh mallow. Liquorice jujubes.
Balsam of Peru with mucilage, glycerine and whiskey
āā, Carbonic acid mixed with sulphuretted hydro-
gen injected per rectum. Avoid damp air and
crowded assemblies. Cold compress upon the throat
gives great relief. Practice cold sponging of the
surface of the body every morning, and be out in
the open air as much as possible; wear under flan-
nel winter and summer. Apply daily Cod liver oil
to the abdomen. Charcoal crackers. Pineapple
juice, two teaspoonfuls to a pint of water drunk
every hour is an excellent expectorant. Expector-
ate upon cloths and paper and then burn them
at once. Strive to keep the spittoon thoroughly
disinfected."
Moist or Loose Cough.-HEPAR S., PULSA-
TILLA, IPECAC, CALC. C., LYCOPODIUM, KALI
BICH., MERC., IOD., SANGUINARIA, SILICIA,
STANNUM, DIGITALINE, TARTAR EM., SUL-
PHUR, IODIDE OF SULPHUR, CUPRUM PHOS.,
KALI PHOS., KALI SULPH., PETROLEUM, AR-
SENICUM IOD., TAR.
Ammonium c., Arseniate of Soda, Ant. Crude,
Kreosotum, Senega, Veratrum Alb., Lobelia, Saba-
dilla, Silphium, Cubebs, Salicylic Ac.
REMEDIES.
139
Aurum m., Carbo veg., Carbo an., China, Cheli-:
donium, Kali Brom., Squill, Sambugus, Kali Mur.
Hoarse, Croupy Cough.-ACONITE, SPONGIA,
HEPAR SULPH., IODINE, TARTAR EM., JABO-
RANDI, MERC. CYN., APOMORPHIA, RHUS TOX.,
KALI SULPH.
Sanguinaria, Bromine, Causticum, Kali Brom.,
Cubebs. Naphthalin, Carbo v., Rhus v., Natrum
Phos.
Asthmatic, Suffocative Cough.-ARSENICUM,
FOWLER'S SOLUTION OF ARSENIC, IPECAC,
KALI HYD., KALI BICH., NAPHTHALIN, STRA-
MONIUM, VERATRUM VIR., DIGITALINE, SALI-
CYLIC ACID, ATROPIA, PILOCARPIN, SANGUI-
NARIA, LACHESIS, AMMONIUM BROM., HEPAR
S., SULPHUR, CHINOJODIN, KALI SULPH.,
CUPRUM PHOS.
Grindelia, Cuprum, Kreosote, Tartar Em., Nux V.,
Iodine, Lycopodium, Phosphorus, Veratrum alb.,
Chloral, Lobelia, Kali Brom., Lobelia, Ferrum Phos.
Causticum, Gelsemium, Hyosciamus, Morphia,
Asafoetida, Camphor, Calcaria fluorica, Strychnia.
Stretch the sphincter ani and cut off papillæ and
out-pockets.
Hectic Fever.-ACONITE, BELLADONNA, AR-
SENICUM, CALC. C., CHINA, HEPAR S., LYCOPO-
DIUM, SILICIA, SULPHUR.
Iodine, Tartar em., Stannum, Mercury, Cod Liver
Oil.
Sulphuric ac., Nitric ac., Phos. ac., Muriatic ac.,
Graphites, Rhus tox., Bryonia, Gelsemium, Digitalis,
Ipecac, Sepia, Morphia, Pulsatilla, Quinia, Iron, Zinc,
Zinc oxide.
Adjuvants.-Sponging in cold salt water, sea
water, alcohol or vinegar, followed by brisk friction.
140
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
Inhalation of Oxygen gas, or drinking water charged
with Oxygen and Nitrous oxide gases. Injections of
Carbonic acid gas with Sulphuretted hydrogen.
Flannel under-clothing should be worn winter and
summer. Take daily open air exercise, Diet of solids
and liquids, Inunctions of cod liver oil, Peptonized
cod liver oil and milk.
Night Sweats.-ATROPIA, CALC. C., ARSENI-
CUM, CHINA, QUINIA, MERCURY, PILOCARPIN,
LICOPODIUM, SILICIA, SULPHUR, SULPHURIC
ACID, NITRIC AC., MURIATIC AC., PHOS. AC.,
MORPHIA, OXIDE OF ZINC, PICROTOXINE,
ERGOT, CARBO AN., CARBO VEG., COD LIVER
OIL, SULPHONAL.
Belladonna, Iron, Iodine, Sambucus, Psorin, Gallic
acid, Salicylic ac., Aconite, Rhus tox., Tannin.
Polyporus, Sepia, Graphites Talc., Petroleum,
Phosphorus, Fluoric ac., Lactic ac., Staphasagra,
Stannum, Thuja.
Adjuvants.-Sponging the body with vinegar
and dilute Sulphuric acid, warm Alcohol, or very hot
water at bed time. Warm or cold baths, well salted.
If the sweating is copious, add Cayenne pepper or
Mustard to the substances enumerated. To stimu-
late the sweat glands, lime water baths are ex-
cellent. A tumblerful of skimmed milk, or koumiss
drunk on going to bed arrest many cases. Oils
rubbed into the skin at bed time. Ice bag to spine.
Sponge the patient every evening with a solution of
Chloral, one drachm to a tumbler of brandy and
water ãā. Many cases will be arrested by rubbing
the skin with powdered chalk. Two fluid drachms of
ergot hypodermically, injected half hour before per-
spiring will arrest most cases. Awaken the patient
before the hour of sweating, and give him a copious
REMEDIES.
141
drink of grape juice or milk. Sulphonal in eight-
grain doses will arrest most cases.
Aphthæ (Thrush, Muguet, Sore Mouth).—BO-
RAX, MERCURY, KALI CHLORATE, NITRIC AC.,
MURIATIC AC., SULPHURIC AC., ARGENTUM NIT.
Kali Hyd., Nux V., Hydrastus, Arsenicum, Cup.
Phos., Eucalyptus, Kali Sulph.
Kreosote, Natrum m., Sanguinaria, Phytolacca,
Staphasagria, Iris, Sulphur, Cantharis, Hamamelis,
Rhus Glab., Iodine, Zinc.
Adjuvants.-A crystal of Chlorate of potash or
Borax kept in the mouth and allowed to dissolve
slowly, is the best known remedy. Locally, Nitrate
of Silver is excellent. Sulphurous or Muriatic Acid
spray. Apply glyceroles of Hydrastus, Eucalyptus,
or Sanguinaria. Apply Bismuth or Oxide of Zinc
freely to the sores. Locally, apply Carbolic Acid,
Sulphate of copper, Sulphite of Soda, or Perman-
ganate of Potash. Eat freely of vegetable acids, as
lemons, oranges, apples, etc. Milk and soda water āā.
Use a generous diet, especially of liquids, milk,
koumiss, buttermilk, bovinine, beef tea, or Armour's
Extract of Beef.
Diarrhoea (Tubercular).-ARSENICUM, MER-
CURY, NITRIC AC., MURIATIC AC., SULPHURIC
AC., IPECAC, LEPTANDRIA, PODOPHYLLUM,
ALOES, COTO BARK, COTAINE, ARGENTUM NIT.,
GUARANO, CALC. C., FERRUM, SULPHUR, GUACO,
MORPHIA, FERRUM PHOS., KALI SULPH.,
TALCUM.
Nux v., Bryonia, Rhus tox., Camphor, China,
Croton Tig., Phos. Ac., Rheum, Secale, Terebinth,
Veratrum Alb, Cod Liver Oil.
Bismuth, Opium, Gummi, gutti, Natrum, Sulph.,
Petroleum, Psorin, Collinsonia.
142
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
Adjuvants.-Food must be non-irritating and in
a liquid form. Boiled milk, or milk and lime water
half and half. Peptonized liquid food, rice or ar-
row root, Armour's beef extract, Bovinine, or Val-
entine's meat juice. If stomach is involved, lacto-
peptine; if the intestines, pancreatine or inspissated
ox gall, raw, half cooked eggs, oysters, ripe fruit in
moderation. When great acidity prevails, substitute
soda water for lime water. Mucilaginous drinks.
Absolute rest in the recumbent position. Keep the
abdomen and extremities warm. The whites of ten
eggs in a pint of water flavored with lemon or sugar,
is a nutritious beverage of great value. Lemonade
or orangeade. Chicken boiled with rice. Warm pep-
tonized milk one pint every three hours. The griping
pains may be palliated by either dry or moist heat
applied to the abdomen. Mustard plasters to the
abdomen. Some cases are relieved by injections of
warm starch, to this may be added twenty drops of
opium. Wear a wet girdle, covered with oiled silk,
about the abdomen. Tepid baths. Warm linseed
poultice to the abdomen. Turpentine stupes. As-
tringent enemata of Kino and Logwood, Tannin, or
compound powder of Catechu. Keep the feet warm
and dry, and the abdomen covered with flannel.
Avoid cold, damp air. If possible, live in a mountain-.
ous country. Saturated solution of common salt in
cider vinegar, one teaspoonful ter die. Most cases
can be arrested with powdered Talcum in fifty-grain
doses given in milk, ter die. Drink four quarts of
- blackberry juice in water daily. Enemata of one pint
of hot water, three times a day, has a wonderful sal-
utary effect. Stretch the sphincter ani and cut out
the papillæ and pockets.
REMEDIES.
143
Thoracic pain.-ACONITE, BRYONIA, RHUS
TOX., KALI CARB., MORPHIA.
Kali Sulph., Macrotin, Belladonna, Kali lod.
Ruta g., Thuja.
Arnica, Senega, Spygelia, Cactus g., Phytolacca.
Adjuvants.—Apply heat to the chest in the form
of poultices, or flannel rung out of hot water. Rubber
bag filled with hot water will keep the heat longer
than anything else. Sinapisms. Wet pack to the
chest. Turpentine stupes. Dry cupping. Fly blis-
ter.
Ether spray often arrests the pain at once. Aco-
nite and Chloroform liniment. Apply Chloral and
Camphor āā. Iodine locally. Arnica, Bryonia,
Belladonna, Rhus Tox. plasters. Porous plaster. Im-
mobilize the side by adhesive plaster. If effusion
takes place, aspirate. Counter irritants.
Bed Sores.-SILESIA, SULPHUR, HEPAR S.,
MERCURY, ARSENICUM, IODINE, CALCARIA
PHOS.
Sulphuric ac., Nitric Ac., Fluoric Ac., Muriatic Ac.,
Lycopodium, China, Iodoform, Kali Sulph.
Calc., C., Carbolic Ac., Salicylic Ac., Phytolacca,
Kali Phos.
Adjuvants.-Lessen the amount of pressure by
the use of circular cushions, filled with water, air, or
down. Water bed. Dust Iodoform over the sores.
Bathe the sores twice a day, and then dress them
with the Glycerole of Iodoform, Carbolic Acid, Calen-
dula, Hamamelis, or Arnica. Apply twice a day an
ointment of Sub-iodide of Bismuth. Iodoform,
Napthol, Acetate of Lead, or Zinc. Tar-oid. Apply
sponges alternately wet with hot and cold water for
a few minutes, and then apply lint saturated with
Phosphoric acid.
Prevention.-Great cleanliness. Have the pa-
144
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
tient change position often. Wash the skin with
Alcohol, Proof spirit, Lime water, Camphorated spir-
its, or a liniment of Opium and Hamamelis, Gutta
percha, or Chloroform. Alum and Camphor āā mixed
with the white of eggs and applied bis die. Olive oil
three parts, Laudanum one part, Brandy two parts,
applied twice a day is excellent. Silver nitrate (20
gr. 1 dr.) painted on unbroken skin as soon as it
becomes red, will prevent bed sores in most cases.
Aconite.— Dry
croupy cough, or dry
titillating cough, every
inspiration seeming to
increase it-resulting
from an exposure to dry
cold air. The patient is
greatly disturbed in his
sleep by the cough; as
soon as he is fairly set-
tled down to sleep the
cough commences, and
so continually repeats it-
self.
Great restlessness
with a dry cough and
high fever. Cough with
active hæmorrhages and
great fear of death. Bad
effects brought on from
sudden cold changes of
the atmosphere. Uncon-
trollable anguish, with
great fear of death, is a
marked characteristic of
Aconite. Aggravated at
night with high fever
REMEDIES.
This remedy is especially
adapted to people of sanguine
temperament, and a full ple-
thoric habit, where the primary
or inflammatory stage has not
passed. If there is high fever
present, it suits a loose as well
as a dry cough; but, as a rule,
will be found to act best where
there is a dry cough, and ag-
gravated at night. "There is
almost always a tingling sen-
sation in the chest after cough-
ing. There may be stitches in
the chest and side, which are
often so severe as to interfere
considerably with respiration,
permitting only half-inch res-
pirations; sometimes there
is an oppression of the chest
without pain, which keeps one
from taking a deep breath,
and full bounding pulse..palpitation of the heart with
REMEDIES.
145
great anguish. In dry bronchial catarrh, in its most
obstinate form, it is the most reliable agent we have.
It is also of great value in those long fits of dry
morning and evening coughs, so trying to the patient
from their everyday recurrence.
"Where the left lung is most involved and the
pleura is at the same time implicated, manifested by
a sharp stitching pain on breathing, the cough, which
would be very hard were it not suppressed on account
of the pain, is almost dry, it being extremely difficult
to raise anything. The little that is brought up is
tenacious, falling in a round lump, and of a dark,
cherry-red color. Give the 30th." (C. Pearson, M. D.)
Active and sudden hæmorrhages, with much con-
gestion of the lungs, after severe exertions, a fit of
passion or sudden changes in the temperature from
warm to cold. The blood is expectorated with a dry
teasing cough; flushed face, with great anxiety and
restlessness. Asthma with great anxiety of mind
and restlessness.
DOSE.- 1st to the 30th.
AGGRAVATION.-In the evening, particularly at
night and in a warm room.
AMELIORATION.-When still and in the open air.
Arsenicum.-Rapid
and great prostration,
with sinking of the vital
forces, in lymphatic peo-
ple. Great debility and
extreme emaciation, rest-
lessness, anguish of mind
and fear of death. White,
waxy, pale face, with
great debility; craving
for acids; great thirst;
craving for cold water,
This remedy is especially
adapted to lymphatic, nerv-
ous temperaments, that are
constantly sad and irritable.
"The organic functions of the
whole sympathetic nervous
system are stricken down and
destroyed from the inmost
recesses of vitality. The blood-
making power of the gang-
10
146
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
drinking often, but little
at a time, since the stom-
ach cannot assimilate it.
Watery diarrhoea of a ca-
daverous smell, with ex-
cessive prostration. All
symptoms worse at
night, particularly after
midnight. Burning
pains, the parts burning
like fire, aggravated by
rest, relieved by motion.
Dry cough, excited by a
sensation as if fumes of
sulphur were inhaled,
with excessive dyspnoea.
Craves warm air, is sad
and irritable, cannot lie
down for fear of suffoca-
tion. Obstinate nausea
and vomiting. Anasarca
of the whole body. Cold
night sweats. Tongue
dry, brown or black, con-
stantly licking the dry,
cracked lips. Gangren-
ous aphthaeo. Tympan-
itis of the abdomen.
lionic nervous system is com-
pletely annihilated by the ac-
tion of Arsenicum, the poison
acting directly upon the red
corpuscles, diminishing their
power of taking up the oxygen
supplied to them in the lungs;
and the carbonaceous com-
pounds thus unconsumed de-
posit themselves in the form
of fat. If this direct action on
the corpuscles be granted,
many of the phenomena of ar-
senical poisoning become ex-
plicable. No wonder that the
blood is black and coagulable,
resembling that of malignant
fever and cholera. Petechial
effusions frequently occur, with
profound cachexia."
Dr. Hirschel says, "Arsenic
applies in all kinds of coughs,
predominantly, however, in
the dry cough. In acute and
chronic affections of a torpid or dangerous nature;
especially indicated for cough in organic diseases of
an incurable or destructive nature, either in the
larynx, bronchi, lungs, pleura, or heart. Its choice
depends upon others than cough symptoms. These
functional symptoms are: dyspnoea, asthma, suffo-
cating spells, cyanosis, heart symptoms of all kinds,
disturbed circulation, decomposition of the blood,
exudations, decay and gangrene of organic sub-
stance, disorganizations, excessive pains. Constitu-
tional indications are: exhaustion of life-power, col-
REMEDIES.
147
lapse, high degree of weakness, syncope, anæmia,
nervous irritability, disposition to ulceration, hy-
dræmia, etc., nightly aggravations, worse from lying
down, drinking, and change of weather."
Arsenicum is, after Aconite, one of the most im-
portant medicines in dry catarrh not of recent date.
It operates its most striking effects in the form of
dyspnoea, which results from a more or less extensive
emphysema and consecutive pulmonary congestion.
Thus the difficulty of breathing, which is relieved by
Arsenic, does not entirely cease in the intervals of
coughing, and also returns in periodical severe par-
oxysms, especially during the night. None the less
remarkable is its action when the obstruction in the
pulmonary circulation is caused by regurgitation of
the blood from the ventricles into the auricles.
There may be oedema of the lungs, but the secretion
is scanty, and a sensation of dryness in the respira-
tory lining prevails. The patients complain of an
exasperating titillation in the windpipe or under the
sternum, chiefly in the night, that provokes a dry,
wheezing, often very violent cough; this is attended,
after a time, by a white, frothy, sometimes sticky,
mucus. Its action is prompt and intense. Numberless
invalids, who without its aid would have passed
agonizing nights, are, by its use, enabled to rest
tranquilly. This vitalizing action of the mineral on
the nervous system has often been the means of sav-
ing the lives of children arrived at the last stage of
suffocative catarrh. No remedy will be found more
powerful or more sure to raise the vitality when
asphyxia is too far advanced for the exhibition of
Tart. em., and the tumultuous agitation of the heart
foretells its fast approaching paralysis.
"Though rarely of much service in simple catarrh
148
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
it is invaluable in the treatment of bronchitis con-
nected with deficient assimilation and arrested or-
ganic metamorphosis. As a hæmatic and ganglionic
neurotic, it displays remarkable regulating effects on
nutrition in great emaciation or tendency to fatty de-
posits; in anæmia, malaria, cachexia and fatty degen-
eration of the kidneys. No less valuable is this mineral
in all forms of bronchitis dating from a herpetic taint."
In anæmic subjects, with dry asthmatic nightly
cough, or if there is disturbed circulation from ather-
omatous disease of the valves of the heart, Arsenicum
will be found of much value. Anguish and despond-
ency are prominent symptoms in cases that call for
the use of this drug.
DOSE.-Use from the 2nd to the 30th. The Iodide
is the most useful.
AGGRAVATION.-In the night after midnight, in
cold air, or getting cold; after drinking; from exer-
tion; while lying down with the head low and from
cold drinks.
AMELIORATION.-By being wrapped up warm;
from warm-food and drinks; in a warm room, and
by a hot stove.
*
Argentum Nitri-
cum.-A withered, dried-
up state from constitu-
tional disease. Patient
can't think, can't talk,
can't walk, very dizzy.
Minutes seem hours to the
patient; time seems so
long to the patient about
everything. In a great
hurry to do things.
Great distension of the
stomach with gas. Fluids
This remedy has a special
and specific action upon the
cartilagenous system; in tuber-
culosis, with ulceration of the
larynx and trachea, accom-
panied with a dry, racking
cough, it will be found invalu-
able, especially if there be
found a syphilitic taint in the
system.
Dr. Meyhoffer says, "Nitrate
REMEDIES.
149
seem to run straight
through the intestinal
canal without stopping.
Ulceration of the bowels,
with chronic watery diar-
rhoea. Increases the activ-
ity of the secretions, re-
moving carbon and nitro-
gen from the organism.
of silver proves highly bene-
ficial in all the stages of tuber-
culous laryngitis. (In the be-
ginning of the disease, when
the throat and larynx are
much inflamed, with titillation
in the latter, much hawking
and spasmodic cough, with
accumulation of phlegm in the throat). At a later
period, when the edges of the ulcers are the seat of
luxuriant granulations, the inhalations of the
stronger solutions of this salt produce excellent
effects, as they reduce morbid growths. In several
instances, we have aborted incipient serious infiltra-
tion of the sub-mucous tissue in the last stages of
laryngeal phthisis. They have, however, the draw-
back of blackening the skin or linen with which they
come in contact; that can be only partly avoided by
inhaling the steam or vapor through a glass tube, or
by otherwise protecting the exposed parts. Some-
times, therefore, when wishing to act with more
energy, without employing the caustic substance, we
use insufflation into the larynx by a slightly curved
glass tube, of one or two grains of the first decimal
trituration of the nitrate. The frequent effect is a
violent fit of coughing, but the growth is thoroughly
acted upon, and the operation need not be repeated
more than three or four times. Should the vegeta-
tions, be extensive, however, or in cauliflower form,
or if by their situation they should cause dyspnoea,
they must either be destroyed by the porte-castique,
or removed with the laryngeal scissors. The same
operation is to be peformed on the detached flaps of
the mucous membrane; (difficult and painful degluti-
tion, with extensive ulceration of the epiglottis). We
150
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
have seen this mineral master inflammation and
swelling of the posterior wall and lining of the larynx,
attended by a sensation of a clog in the vocal
organs, with hoarseness or loss of voice, continued
vain efforts to swallow, with pain and soreness in
deglutition, with hawking, considerable muco-puru-
lent expectoration, or titillation in the larynx, with
dry spasmodic cough, 3d to the 12th attenuations."
DOSE.-Use from the 3d to the 6th decimal. Locally,
crude caustic.
AGGRAVATION.-At night, and early in the morn-
ing; after eating cold food, or in cold weather;
during rest, and from walking.
AMELIORATION.-In open air, craves open air;
eructations; cannot sleep without fresh air.
Belladonna.-Pains
come and go with great
celerity. Furious delir-
ium, wild look. Face
flushed, eyes red, photo-
phobia, rage, tears, bites,
and strikes, and desire to
quarrel, violent conges-
tion of blood to the
head, with strong throb-
bing of the carotids.
Throbbing headache
worse from motion and
noise.. Extreme sensitive-
ness to the least jar.
Great dryness of the
mouth and fauces; ton-
sils bright red and swol-
len, very dry. Spasms of
the throat. Constant dry
cough. Hæmoptysis with
a dry teasing cough.
Hæmorrhages come
on
This remedy has a hard,
dry, teasing, spasmodic cough,
and it is generally accompan-
ied with inflammation of the
throat, and difficult, painful de-
glutition. "Dr. Hirschel," says
Bell, "has great sensitiveness
in contradistinction to the ir-
ritable Aconite. Vasomotory
stimulation with increased
nervosity; the chief remedy,
therefore, for sensitive per-
sons, woman and children, for
erethic inflammatory forms,
not for croupy, plastic ones;
for spasmodic states, cough,
dry, barking spasmodic, in par-
oxysms, with titillation in the
trachea and bronchis, aggra-
REMEDIES.
151
suddenly. All symptoms
are worse evenings and
at night, relieved by any.
thing cold. Disposition
to perspire, with high
fever.
vations at night, with contin-
uous sensation of having swal-
lowed dust. Amelioration from
anything cold, sensation of
constriction in the throat, diffi-
culty of swallowing; congestion to the head; stitches
in the chest. In simple inflammatory catarrh of
the larnyx, trachea down to the lungs, especially
the first stages; more in capillary bronchitis than in
pneumonia; in the beginning of whooping cough;
influenza; in affections of the brain, spinal cord
or heart; inflammation of parts adjacent to the
respiratory organs. In stenosis of the glottis, in
bronchial asthma, as an intercurrent.
The parts
show a pinkish, smooth redness in the larnyx,
uvula, and fauces." Dr. Baehr says: "A disposi-
tion to perspire while the skin is very hot, with a
dry, continual, distressing, spasmodic cough; short
paroxysms of cough, but very violent, especially to-
wards evening; no expectoration, or else a yellowish,
tenacious, blood-streaked, scanty expectoration.
Sensation of great fullness in the lungs without
pain." Larnyx exceedingly painful with constriction
of the trachea, hoarseness, paralytic aphonia of a
cerebo-spinal origin, that has come on very suddenly;
the paroxysms of dry cough come on, with fits of
short, difficult, irregular and suffocative respiration,
anxiety and great irritability, greatly aggravated at
night. The active principle of Belladonna, Atropine,
given in the 2d and 3d decimal trituration, is the most
precious remedy we have in the same kind of cough
calling for Belladonna, with the neurotic elements
predominating. The parts are in a more nervous,
ritable state, instead of the congestion calling for
Belladonna.
ir-
152
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
$
DOSE.-First to the sixth.
AGGRAVATION.-At night, by moving, or touching
the parts.
AMELIORATION.-During rest and in a warm room.
Baptisia.-Secretions
fœted, with foul breath.
Chill every morning at
10 A. M. and 3 P. M.
High fever and tempera-
ture. Great sinking sensa-
tion in the stomach with
This remedy is more particu-
larly indicated in the last
stages of phthisis, where the
glands of the bowels are ulcer-
ated, with diarrhea and great
fœtor of the stools and urine.
Tongue coated brown, dry of-
fensive breath, stupid, ty-
phoid condition. Tightness
of the lungs, can hardly
breathe, muttering delirium; the head seems scat-
tered, he must toss about to get the pieces together.
Cough loose, muco-purulent, and very foetid.
faint feeling. The parts
rested upon feel sore and
bruised. Can swallow
nothing but liquids. Ex-
ceedingly weak.
DOSE.- Tincture to the third dilution.
AGGRAVATION.-In close, warm room.
AMELIORATION.-In open, fresh air.
Bryonia.-All the
symptoms are greatly
aggravated by motion,
and in hot weather. Pa-
tient cannot sit up from
nausea and faintness.
Lips dry and cracked;
Bryonia's great sphere of
usefulness is found in all in-
flammatory affections of the
respiratory organs, the lungs,
and their enveloping mem-
stools hard and dry as if branes, that have ad-
burnt. Extremely irrita-
ble, the head aches in the
forehead, with a feeling
as if it would burst open.
Severe stiching pains dur-
ing inspiration. Dry
cough, compels the pa-
tient to sit up. Respira-
vanced to
effusion.
66
to the stage of
Dr. Hirschel says:
Bryonia stands in close rela-
tion to the chest. It frequently
follows Aconite, to remove
the debris, and is therefore in
a certain way more powerful
REMEDIES.
153
tion oppressed, wishes to
take in a long breath but
cannot, from a feeling of
oppression. Stitching,
tearing pains, greatly ag-
gravated by motion, and
at night, relieved by rest.
Brick dust expectoration.
than Aconite, which acts more
on the general state and less
on the local, and vice versa in
comparison to Mercurius,
the latter acting more on the
state,
state, whereas Bryonia
affects the general state. It
brings on resolution in catarrhs, resorption in in-
flammation, chiefly indicated in the second stage for
slightly plastic but not highly graded inflammatory
forms in croup. It is the chief remedy in bronchial
affections; in catarrhal pneumonia only applicable
where hepatization passes over into resolution, or
where the pleura is at the same time affected; per-
haps also in chronic pneumonia. The Bryonia
cough is concussive by coming dry from the sternal
region, as if the chest would burst, with scanty yel-
low or blood-streaked thin mucus, frequently asso-
ciated with vomiting, especially after eating, with
status gastricus, difficulty of breathing, pleuritic
stitches, muscular pains, and soreness of the throat."
Dr. W. H. Holcomb says, "Bryonia for a dry, con-
cussive cough, producing pain both in head and
chest, with characteristic stitching pains." Dr.
Guernsey says: "Bryonia cough at night, in bed
compelling one to spring up and assume an erect
posture at once." Dr. Baehr says: "We wish to
state, as an evidence of the healing powers of this
drug, that we scarcely ever notice under its adminis-
tration a copious secretion of the so-called sputa
cocta, and the resorption of the infiltration takes
place with very little, or perhaps without any expec-
toration, or, judging from the standpoint of pathol-
ogy, taking place in its most perfect form." It is
more particularly indicated in dyspnea, than in
154
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
genuine cases of asthma, but will relieve some few
cases of asthma, where there is much stitching rheu-
matic pains.
DOSE.- From the first to the thirtieth dilution.
AGGRAVATION.-In the evening and at night, from
motion and cold air.
AMELIORATION.-During rest; when warm in bed;
in warm weather; after perspiration and in the day-
time.
Calcaria Carboni-
ca, or Phosphate.-
Leuco-phlegmatic consti-
tutions, large head and
features. Pale, flabby
skin, with a white, chalky
look. In infants open
fontanelles, with profuse
perspiration of the head
and chest, standing out
in large bead-like drops,
soaking the pillow with
sweat. Great debility, in
going up stairs; is all out
of breath, has to sit
down; running up stairs
produces great vertigo.
Feet feel cold continually,
as if he had on cold, damp
stockings. Cold, damp,
eastern winds are sure to
bring on a cold. Great
emaciation with constant
disposition to take cold;
the cold goes through
and through the patient.
Hectic fever, with copious
perspiration of the head
and chest. Acid stom-
ach, with sour vomiting.
In children, swelling over
Calcaria, in its various
forms, is one of the most useful
agents we have in constitu-
tional diseases, especially in
consumption. It acts with
great power through the vege‐
tative nervous system upon
the lymphatics, mucous
membranes, skin and osse-
ous tissue. It is especially
useful in individuals in whom
the process of formation
and reformation is imper-
fectly performed, as in child-
hood during dentition, rachitis
and in flabby fat constitutions.
In cough based on an organic
foundation, that is of a loose,
rattling nature, it is one of the
most useful remedies we have.
many physicians give it in dry
coughs, but I am persuaded
that its great field of useful-
ness is after the cough has
lasted awhile, and is passing
into the moist or loose stage,
REMEDIES.
155
the pit of the stomach
like a saucer turned bot-
tom upwards. Chronic
watery diarrhea; food is
badly assimilated. In
women, the menses are
too often, too copious
and last too long. Pains
are aggravated by the
slightest touch as from a
current of air, noise, ex-
citement. Walking pro-
duces great fatigue.
Whole chest intensely
painful to touch. Acts
much better on the
young.
then it is the remedy par ex-
cellence. Dr. Hirschel says:
"Calcaria is our chief remedy
in scrofulosis and tuberculo-
sis, and therefore beneficial in
many chronic coughs, espec-
ially in ulcerative processes of
the larynx, or in other kinds
of cough resting upon an or-
ganic base." Marcy and Hunt
say: "Persons curable by it
are of lymphatic tempera-
ment, scrofulous, or rickety;
show plethora of the veins,
easily take cold, are frail,
poorly fed, but tend to grow fat. Its application in
consumption is chiefly restricted to cases in which
these features predominate. The patient is feeble in
body and mind, though in some cases mentally pre-
cocious, and often regarded as a genius; he is sub-
ject to depression of spirits, weeping mood, restless
and anxious; has no hope of recovery, is hypochon-
driacal; the hair falls off, the eyes are feeble, cannot
bear gaslight, and he suffers from all possible
derangements of digestion; the nervous system be-
comes excessively irritable, especially in females,
producing hysteria, fault-finding, nervous exhaus-
tion, especially menorrhagia; in males sperma-
torrhœa or exhausting emissions. It is proper in
the stage of purulent expectoration, after Sulphur or
Nitric acid." Dr. Meyhoffer says: "We fully agree
with Baehr, who indicates emphysematous catarrh
as being especially within its sphere of action; no
less commendable is this mineral in bronchial dilata-
tion and putrid expectoration.”
156
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
Dr. Holcomb says: "Calcaria frequently softens
and mitigates a harsh, dry recent cough, but has
quite a different indication in serious chronic and or-
ganic bronchial disease, which frequently finds its
indications in the general symptoms or constitution
of the patient, quite as prominently as in the spe-
cific symptoms of an individual case; and yet char-
teristic symptoms are not by any means wanting;
the cough is almost always accompanied with a
more or less profuse expectoration, early putting on
a purulent character. Amelioration from lying on
the back; aggravation from lying upon the sides, has.
a more marked control over the upper half of the
right lung, than over any other portion of either
lung." Intumescence in the lymphatic and glandular
systems, dyscrasial affections of membranous struc-
tures, of all the white structures which have but little
vitality or blood, and are nourished chiefly by
lymph. Development is also imperfect or arrested
in the tendons, cartilages, bones and serous mem-
branes; emaciation and debility being the most
marked symptoms of Calcaria. To eradicate the
constitutional dyscrasia that lies at the foundation
of asthma, especially in the young. The asthmatic
breathing is associated with a feeling of tightness
and soreness of the chest as if too full of blood and
loud mucous rales, with a feeling of dust in the
throat and lungs; worse mornings. Copious ex-
haustive night sweats that are always more abun-
dant in the morning.
DOSE. From the 3rd to the 1000th dilution; 3rd,
6th and 30th most useful.
AGGRAVATION.-From cold, damp east winds; from
getting wet; when ascending heights; from loss of
fluids, and from light in general.
REMEDIES.
157
ing.
AMELIORATION.-In dry, warm weather; after eat-
China.-The system
This remedy is not what
has been debilitated by might be called a cough
the loss of vital fluids, as
blood, semen, diarrhoea,
over-lactation, night
sweats, and leucorrhoea.
Great exhaustion, no
strength to walk, talk or
do anything. Symptoms
aggravated every other
day; symptoms are inter-
mitent. The symptoms
are aggravated by the
slightest touch; moving
or touching the parts
brings on intolerable neu-
ralgia. Long-lasting con-
gesting headache, with
singing and roaring in the
ears. Enormous disten-
tion of the abdomen with
gas; diarrhoea of undi-
gested food. Exhaustive
hæmorrhages. Jaundice.
Longing for acids; co-
pious exhausting night
sweats.
remedy, but for peculiar states
of the system it becomes a
remedy of great value; for in-
stance, in cases where the vi-
tality has sunk very low, with
great debility, and the disease
is very dilatory in character.
Cough when the head is low
(it must be raised); violent
cough after eating, with jelly-
like expectoration. Dr. Mey-
hoffer says: "China would be
sadly missed if not at hand in
chronic bronchitis with loud
coarse rattles, great debility
and weakness; anæmic and
oedematous swelling of the
lower extremities. It is often
the natural successor of Ar-
senic." Baehr says: "China
is indicated if the pulmonary
affection seems to constitute the whole difficulty; but
still more, if it commences with the symptoms of a
severe hyperæmia of the liver, and if the patients
very soon show a cachectic appearance. It is well
known how often pains in the liver constitute symp-
toms of tuberculosis." Marcy and Hunt say: "It not
only prevents destruction of nerve tissue, but, by its
well known effects on the function of nutrition, con-
tributes greatly to the reparative process. It may,
therefore, be regarded as the great conservator of the
158
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
nervous system in conditions of febrile excitement or
nervous prostration. Drs. Kidd and Gedham spoke
most highly of the results they had obtained from
the pure tincture of China in the advanced stage of
phthisis. The power of China and its active princi-
ple, the Sulphate of Quinine, in arresting the destruc-
tive metamorphosis of tissue, is only beginning to be
appreciated." If the great key-note of exhaustion
from the loss of vital fluids, be kept in mind, China
and its alkaloid, the Sulphate of Quinia, must be one
of our great mainstays in holding up the patient's
strength, in the last stages of phthisis.
DOSE. The tincture, up to the thirtieth dilution.
AGGRAVATION.-In the evening; in damp, cold
weather; from touching the parts; eating and drink-
ing, and lying with the head low.
AMELIORATION.-From warmth; during rest and
afternoon.
Cocaine.-Dry, spas-
modic teasing cough,
with excessive sensative-
ness of the throat and
larynx; the patient has
to cough constantly, no
rest night or day. Copi-
ous hæmorrhages. Spas-
modic asthma.
No known remedy can equal
the Hydrochlorate of Cocaine
in hæmorrhages of the lungs,
especially where we have great
excitement and fear of death.
As a remedy to control the
continual dry coughing it has
no equal, when the mucous membrane is in a state
of extreme hyperæsthesæ. In the last stages, a
spray of four per cent. solution arrests and palliates
the pain and continual coughing, produced by the in-
flammation and ulceration of the larynx and
trachea. Where asthma is associated with the dis-
ease, similar to Hay asthma, the breathing is la-
bored, the cough is dry, or seems loose, but nothing
is expectorated, Cocaine will be found of great value.
REMEDIES.
159
DOSE.-First three decimal triturations.
AGGRAVATION.-Night, and in cold air.
AMELIORATION.- Warm air.
Conium.-Sad, de-
sponding people; great
This is one of our most
vertigo, particularly valuable remedies in dry, teas-
when lying down and ing, spasmodoc cough, lasting
when turning over in bed,
a long time after lying down
Much difficulty in void-
at night. The Conium cough
ing urine, it flows and
stops again repeatedly
is always dry and greatly ag-
during urination. In gravated by night air. Dr.
woman there is great Hirschel says: "Its action
tenderness of the breasts,
takes in organic metamor-
preceding menstruation;
the breasts are very pain-
phosis. Its cough is periodic,
ful from the least jar or
dry, caused by any itching,
when walking. Nocturnal scraping titillation in the
dry, hard, spasmodic throat, or under the sternum;
cough, greatly aggra- short convulsive cough, ex-
vated by lying down.
cited by horizontal position,
Yellow skin, scrofulous
people with indurated speaking or laughing. The
glands.
two latter exciting causes
of the cough are decisive for the choice of the
remedy. The irritation of the cough is seated
in the trachea or upper bronchi. In whoop-
ing cough it suits toward the end of the nervous
stage after Drosera, when speaking and laughing
cause paroxysms, whose power and duration are
already broken. In nervous bronchial asthma, it
shows good effects and certainly brings alleviation in
organic cases."
Its action on the larnygeal nerves and larnyx is
strongly marked in the provings, and has often been
confirmed in practice; its action on the lungs is less
marked. The Conium cough is centered in the
larnyx, trachea and upper bronchi. Aggravations at
160
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
night when lying down; from deep inspirations,
laughing, moving constantly.
DOSE.-First three attenuations.
AGGRAVATION.-At night, during rest and cold air.
AMELIORATION.-Warm atmosphere, and con-
tinued motion.
Cuprum Phos-
phoric.-Loose rattling
cough with much emacia-
tion and debility. Fre-
quently vomits when
coughing. Copious
watery diarrhoea. Mucous
membranes loaded with
mucus from paralysis of
the vagi.
This is one of my most use-
ful remedies in the first and
second stages of phthisis,
where there is hectic fever,
night sweats, associated with
a loose cough; expectoration
very copious, muco-purulent
sputa. The patient has ex-
treme weakness seeming to center in the lungs; ema-
ciation, with great mental depression. In these cases
it ranks with Hepar sulphur. The cough is often
associated with vomiting and diarrhoea. In chronic
bronchitis with a loose cough, the expectoration is
copious and fœtid. This is a grand remedy.
Digitalis.—A very This remedy has a special
slow, intermittent pulse,
action upon the vagi; its
never rapid, but greatly
functions are interfered with,
excited by the least move-
ment. Exceedingly pros-
the bronchial mucous mem-
trated after coughing; branes become loaded with
cough after eating with
mucus; and we have a moist
vomiting of food. Where
loose, rattling cough, with an
the heart is involved,
abundant expectoration.
with anasarca and gen-
eral dropsy.
Cyanotic symptoms in the
face, and a sensation of an excessive determination
of blood to the lungs, which produces great difficulty
in breathing. Baehr says: "Digitalis is particularly
adapted to galloping phthisis, with intense hectic
REMEDIES.
161
fever from the commencement; the patient complains
of palpitation of the heart; coughs up blood fre-
quently; has no appetite; the cough must not be
dry; bowels constipated, and the pulse exceedingly
quick. Digitalis is the most reliable remedy to mod-
erate the hectic fever, but the dose must not be too
small, nor should it be exceedingly large, because
large doses are apt to excite the patient." Meyhoffer
says: "Digitalis is one of our most valuable medi-
cines in passive congestion of the lungs, and chronic ca-
tarrh resulting from a weakened, dilated heart, irregu-
larity and intermission of the pulse; scanty secretion
of urine and oedematous swellings, are its charac-
teristic symptoms.'
""
DOSE.-I use the 2d and 3d decimal trituration of
Digitaline, and the Fluid Extract in from two to
five drop doses.
AGGRAVATION.- From motion, getting heated, and
a warm room.
AMELIORATION. During rest.
Ferrum.-Anæmia,
with great paleness of the
mucus membranes, es-
pecially that of the
mouth. Muscles feeble,
easily exhausted from
slight exertion. The least
emotion or exertion pro-
duces a red flushed face.
Face, suddenly becomes
fiery-red, with vertigo,
ringing in the ears, palpi-
tation of the heart with
dyspnoea. Loud bellows-
sound of the heart from
anæmia. Edematous
swelling of the body; con-
Iron especially affects the
blood plasma, decreasing the
albumen and red corpuscles,
increasing the water in the
serum sanguinis, producing
anæmia and chlorosis. Iron
in the constitution of our tis-
sues acts in the twofold char-
acter of pabulum and medi-
cine. In the present state of
science it is often impossible
to determine the exact limit
where the nutritive action
ceases, and the medicinal be
162
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
|
stantly chilly. Diseases gins. Strictly speaking, Iron
coincident with dropsical is not what we would call a
conditions; coldness of
true cough remedy, but it is
the body predominates,
especially at night. Hæm-
so valuable in peculiar states
orrhagic tendency. Stools of the system, that we class it
of undigested food, with-
among our most valuable
out pain. In women, remedies. Dr. Rueckert says:
menses too frequent, too
"Iron produces, (1) Relaxation
profuse, and last too long.
Chlorosis. Better when
and weakness of the entire
walking slowly.
musculature, and emaciation,
weakness of digestion, coldness of the extremities.
(2) Anæmia under the mask of plethora and conges-
tion, accompanied by a whitish color of the mucous
membranes. (3) Pulmonary tuberculosis, especially
in young florid subjects with a remarkable erethism
of the vascular system, inclination to congestion of
the chest. But we will remind here of the property of
Iron, in larger doses, to occasion hæmorrhages, a rea-
son for which Allopathic physicians do not give it in
tuberculosis with inclination to hæmorrhage. (4)
Aphonia very distressing.
distressing. (5) Chronic watery
diarrhoea, especially in children, usually soon after
eating and drinking; without pain and effort, mostly
containing undigested substances. Iron is the
remedy often indicated after previous abuse of
Iodine, Arsenic and Quinia."
Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Iron, (Acetate, or Perchlo-
ride) -Dry cough, from vascular congestion, with dif-
ficult and oppressed breathing; diminished or rough
vesicular murmur and fine sibilant ronchi; spit-
ting of blood, or bronchial hæmorrhage, small, weak
pulse; palpitation of the heart on the least muscu-
lar exertion, deficient gastric secretion; the food lies
heavy in the stomach; bowels relaxed and discharg-
REMEDIES.
163
ing undigested food; suppressed menstruation or
profuse flooding."
The cough of Iron predominates dry, but in the
morning the expectoration may be copious, of
either mucous or purulent matter, with oppressed,
short breathing, worse in cold air, and relieved by
warm air. Dr. Pope says: "The cases in which Iron
is especially valuable are those in which the patient
is usually between twenty and thirty years of age;
family history is free from any hereditary taint and
to tubercle; he is of a sanguine temperament, of a
florid complexion, with an active circulation, and an
easily excited nervous system; the disease has been
excited by neglected catarrh, causes which origin-
ated mal-nutrition with frequent inflammatory
attacks upon the pulmonary organs; epistaxis,
hæmoptysis, headache, congestion in various parts,
easily excited; hectic fever runs high, and the loss of
strength is very rapid; there is dyspnoea, vomiting of
food, or lienteria." Dr. Cl. Müller says: "Cough, dry
at night in bed; loose, and more frequent when walk-
ing; chest painful above and behind the sternum, with
burning after coughing. The cough is appeased by
eating. The night cough is more oppressive, and
sometimes attended with spitting of blood; at other
times this occurs in the morning. Tobacco and
brandy cause aggravations, or increase the muco-
purulent expectoration; dryness in the chest, but
transiently relieved by drinking, with copious secre-
tion of mucus. Shooting pains and a sense of tight-
ness between the shoulders, impeding movements of
the joints; the chest feels full and tight, with san-
guine congestion; painful oppression which causes
one to be seated, and sometimes amounts to a con-
strictive spasm; the respiration is noisy, as in sleep;
164
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
the breathing slow and painful, relieved by walking,
or in speaking, and when most preoccupied in read-
ing and writing; it is most troublesome when in bed,
and in the evening; the pains are worse after eating.
I cannot better characterize the sphere of Iron in
phthisis, than in affirming its indication by those very
states in which Allopathists have found counter indi-
cations and danger. It is most suited for young and
florid subjects, presenting a transient erethism of the
circulation, with congestive tendencies toward the
chest and head. The special symptoms are: agita-
tion and heating, easily induced by corporal move-
ments and moral emotions; and as a consequence,
palpitation, dyspnoea, cough, sudden flushes of the
cheeks, epistaxis, hæmoptisis, quick fatigue and
nervous excitability. Iron rarely fails to help these
subjects. It is also useful in hectic fever, colliqua-
tion, with weakness and emaciation-thus either at
the beginning or towards the end of the disease.
Much is to be hoped from Iron when the hereditary
germ breaks out in the midst of florid health; and it
is well known that these cases are not the least seri-
ous. The palliation effected by iron in the third
stage, often suffices to banish for a time the varied
phenomena of hectic fever, while the gastric forces
recuperate under it.
DOSE.-The 1st and 2d decimal trituration of the
Pyrophosphate, or the Iron by Hydrogen. The dia-
lyzed Iron in from two to ten drop doses, is a great
favorite with me. The Chloride should be given in
the first three dilutions.
AGGRAVATION.-While at rest; from noise, and in
the morning.
AMELIORATION.- From slow exercise, and during
the day.
REMEDIES.
165
Hamamelis.-Es-
pecially called for in pas-
sive hæmorrhages. The
blood is dark and comes
In hæmoptysis, this is well
nigh a specific. No remedy has
given such prompt and satis-
into the mouth without
factory results in active or
any effort, like a warın
passive venous hæmorrhages
current out of the chest.
from the pulmonary mucous
Tickling cough with a
taste of blood on waking. membrane. Dr. Hughes thinks
the hæmorrhages it cures depend rather upon the
state of the blood-vessels than that of the blood.
It probably cures hæmorrhages by its specific action
upon the muscles of the capillary blood-vessels, caus-
ing them to contract. When the blood comes from
the pulmonary mucous membrane this is well nigh a
specific; but if the hæmorrhage is due to a rupture of
the blood-vessels from 'deep ulceration, Aconite, Co-
caine, Veratrum viride or Millefolium will act better.
Hepar Sulphur.-
Great disposition to take
cold; excessively sensitive
to cold air. Sweats day
and night without relief,
especially about the chest;
perspiration has a very
sour smell. Cannot bear
to be uncovered. Coughs
when any part of the body
is uncovered. Second
stage, when suppuration
is inevitable. Hoarse,
dry, croupy cough;
loose cough; expectorat-
ing large quantities of
mucus and pus. Laryn-
go-tracheal catarrh with
much hoarseness. Symp
toms worse during north
or cold west winds. Great
sensitiveness to every-
•
This is the most useful and
the most frequently indicated
remedy we have in phthisis.
After the first stages of cough
have passed, and we commence
to have a loose, hoarse, rat-
tling cough, no remedy can
equal Hepar. Dr. Hirschel
says: "Hepar suits those
cases which are so far ad-
vanced by Acon., Bry., Brom.,
Merc., Iod., or Spongia, that
they have passed into the
stage of resolution. It is our
most important remedy where,
in acute forms, this resolution
has been prepared, or in moist
coughs, resting on a catarrhal
!
166
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
noise.
thing, cannot bear the | organic base, involving the
slightest draft of air or whole respiratory organs. In
croup, as well as pneumonia, it
can only be indicated in the second stage. It suits
tuberculosis far less than cheesy and chronic pneu-
monia. It may also be indicated in gastric and intes-
tinal catarrhs or complications, or in sympathetic
cough, or in such ones extending from inflammations
of adjacent parts of the mouth and fauces. Hoarse-
ness, scraping irritation in the larynx, or in the parts,
mucous râles, are important indications for this
remedy, acting on the plasticity of these processes.
Dr. Guernsey says: "Hepar has a rattling, choking
cough; it seems as if the patient would choke in
coughing; in croup, whooping cough, or in catarrh,
worse towards morning and after eating."
Marcy and Hunt say: "Hepar is an important
specific for the following characteristic symptoms:
Anxious, hoarse, wheezing respiration, much aggra-
vated on lying down; attacks of suffocation, which
force the patient to throw the head back in order
to take breath; dyspnoea, dry and hollow cough;
hoarseness of voice; cough with expectoration of
mucus; fever, worse in the after part of the day,
succeeded by night sweats. In cases which seem to
have been connected with suppression of salt rheum,
or other eruptive diseases, or metastasis of ar-
thritic inflammations. The patient has an unhealthy
skin, which cracks or chaps, and runs into suppura-
tion or ulceration from slight injuries; is subject to
pimples and blotches; sweats from the slightest ex-
ertion, and profusely at night; mentally irritable,
impatient; has vertigo, with pain in the head; fall-
ing off of the hair; erysipelatous eruptions of the
face; feeling in the throat of something sticking, or
REMEDIES.
167
rough scraping or stinging stitches; rawness of the
fauces, swelled tonsils; expectoration mixed with
blood. Putrid taste in the mouth, loathing of food;
vomiting and water-brash.'
""
Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Hepar, 2d or 3d decimal,
one grain morning and evening, will not be un-
worthy of reliance in the chronic catarrh of scrofu-
lous children and adults, especially when the mor-
bid process shows a tendency to invade the pulmo-
nary vesicles. This is the moment when careful auscul-
tation will enable the physician to nip in the bud
the further progress of catarrhal pneumonia by
appropriate means, of which Hepar is one of the most
efficient. This substance is not of minor importance
in the bronchitis engendered by swelling of the bron-
chial glands. In such cases the remedy must be con-
tinued as long as the improvement progresses. In
subacute catarrhal processes Hepar corresponds to
the stage characterized by the incipient collection of
mucus in the air tubes. As this fluid at that period
is composed essentially of mucous cells, and contains
but a small proportion of pus-corpuscles, it is thus
rendered particularly glutinous and sticky. Hence
the violent and suffocating paroxysms of coughing,
often attended by retching." Dr. Nichol says: “The
characteristic cough of Hepar is a dry, rough and
hollow cough; or the cough may be dry and crowing,
coming on in violent paroxysms. The expectoration
is generally mucus, though sometimes bloody froth
is raised, and occasionally small, hard, tuberculous
masses. The respirations are hoarse, anxious and
wheezing, and the difficulty is much aggravated by
lying down. The dyspnoea is very marked, with suf-
focative attacks which force the patient to throw the
head back in order to take breath. The voice is
168
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
hoarse and croaking, and the fever, which exacer-
bates towards evening, is followed by night sweats."
Dr. Baehr says: "A characteristic indication for He-
par is a dry, spasmodic, barking cough, with a
wheezing sound over the whole thorax, without any
mucous râles; it is a steady cough, only at intervals
increasing to dreadful paroxysms, with danger of
suffocation; it is excited by every attempt to draw a
long breath, and only results in the expectoration of
a yellowish, tenacious mucus." To eradicate the
peculiar dyscrasia that lies at the foundation of
asthma, where the attack comes on in the night,
with constriction of the chest and suffocative breath-
ing, with a choking cough, and a large collection of
mucus in the bronchi: Tuberculosis or chronic
Bronchitis being at the foundation of the asthma.
DOSE.-2nd to the 1000th. The 3d and 6th being
most useful.
AGGRAVATION.-At night. Cold, and cold north-
east winds.
AMELIORATION.-Relieved, by warm air, and
warmth.
Iodine. Remarkable
sense of weakness and loss
of breath in going up
stairs. Low, cachectic,
scrofulous people with
enlarged lymphatic
glands, and especially the
thyroid. In women, ema-
ciation of the mammæ
which hang down long
and heavy; with copious
menstruation, or long
lasting uterine hæmor-
rhages. Dry cough pre-
dominates, with hoarse-
This is a grand constitu-
tional remedy in chronic cases
that are engrafted on a low,
cachectic, scrofulous constitu-
tion, with much emaciation,
profound debility; can hardly
breathe on going up stairs;
night sweats. The lymphatic
glandular system is greatly
enlarged, and nutrition is ex-
tremely bad. Atrophy of the
mammæ and testes are
REMEDIES.
169
ness. Great emaciation, | marked symptoms. The spe-
debility with copious
night sweats. Skin dark
brown, with brown or
black hair. All the symp-
toms are aggravated by
warm air and relieved by
cold.
cific action of Iodine upon the
thyroid gland and upper por-
tion of the air passages is very
marked. Dr. Hirschel says:
"Iodine, Bromine and Spongia
have this in common; that
they especially cure the affections of the upper parts
of the respiratory organs; that they correspond to
dry cough, if of a catarrhal, inflammatory or or-
ganic origin. All are deeply penetrating and reliable
remedies. Spongia might be considered the most
volatile and dynamic; Bromine is materially inci-
sive, forcible, and helps quickly: Iodine is the
strongest, but most slow in action. They are the
chief remedies in the affections of the larynx and
trachea (catarrhs, inflammations, especially croup,
changes in texture); also in stenosis of the glottis,
Iodine alone has also some relations to the bronchi,
and even to the pulmonary tissue. According to the
symptoms we find in Bromine dry croup cough, with
scraping titillation and hoarseness; this is a special
indication for Bromine, where small follicles are
found on the posterior mucous membrane of the
pharynx, extending to the larynx, and producing
continued titillating cough, with swelling of the mu-
cous membrane of the fauces, the larynx being pain-
ful to the touch, Bromine, is specific. In Iodine the
cough is also dry, croupy, with titillation and sensa-
tion of soreness in the larynx; barking, with gray or
white salty, sweetish expectoration; shrill whistling
and rattling in the chest; sawing, hissing respiration,
with oppression. The subjective sensation of sore-
ness and pain frequently extends to the upper third
of the sternum. Hoarseness, difficult speech and ex-
170
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
pectoration of tough mucus. I have frequently wit-
nessed from Iodine splendid effects in long-standing
laryngeal catarrhs with the above symptoms. It al-
leviates in tuberculosis; in croup it is our last
anchor, where Spongia and Bromine fail. It is not
an easy matter to select from these three remedies;
each may be indicated according to circumstances.
The more plastic the exudation, the more Iodine is
indicated. Anatomically, we might say, spongia is
more suitable for stases, simple inflammation;
Bromine for swelling and hypertrophy of the mucous
membranes; Iodine for exudation." Dr. Meyhoffer
says: "The effort to give precise clinical indications
for Iodine is to us a difficult one. For example, as
regards the respiratory surface, we meet within the
range of its salutary influence the dry, congestive
catarrh, profuse bronchorrhoea and catarrhal pneu-
monia, with all the intermediary morbid conditions.
Still one link exists which binds all these so contra-
dictory symptoms together, and this is irritation.
Torpidity and atony of the ventilating apparatus
does not lie within its range.
Iodine has, in common
with Cod-liver Oil, the property of being exquisitely
adapted to delicate constitutions, with quick pulse,
tendency to bronchial and pulmonary congestion
and hæmorrhage. For the same reason it is also an
excellent remedy for over-grown lads, with weak
chest and dry cough, subject to spitting of blood and
cardiac palpitation. The cough is always more or
less severe, be the expectoration scanty or copious;
fine or coarse rattles and sibilant ronchi give way to
its influence. Swelling of the cervical and bronchial
glands, nocturnal sweats, great weakness and pro-
gressive emaciation, notwithstanding a good appe-
REMEDIES.
171
tite and bowels, are confirmative indications for the
exhibition of Iodine."
Dr. Baehr says: "Iodine is undoubtedly one of the
most important remedies in confirmed phthisis; it
only suits, however, after the expectoration has
become purulent. This remedy effects more fre-
quently than any other curative results, provided we
do not obstinately insist upon giving only small
doses. Iodine 6x sometimes has a good effect, but
Iodine 1x is often indispensable; nor need any un-
pleasant effects be apprehended from the use of large
doses. Iodine is more particularly indicated if
tuberculosis is the result of scrofulosis in the case of
young and robust individuals; if diarrhoea is present,
Iodine does not act favorably. Chronic catarrh of
scrofulous and mercurialized individuals, or remain-
ing after croup or other acute affections, or compli-
cated with chronic pharyngeal catarrh, are affections
lying within the range of Iodine. The most prominent
symptomatic indications are the following: Disposi-
tion to take cold, with long duration of the acute
stage; the larynx is painful when pressed upon;
burning, sore pains in the larynx confined to a
definite spot, felt especially during cough; embar-
rassed respiration; wheezing inspirations, causing
real attacks of dyspnoea, especially at night; a good
deal of hawking, with difficulty in bringing up
tenacious mucus; a high degree of hoarseness, even
aphonia; tickling in the larynx, frequently causing
paroxysms of cough without expectoration, or else
with scanty expectoration of a tenacious mucus, some-
times mixed with streaks of blood. The general or-
ganism is very much affected by the disease. The
presence of ulcers points particularly to Iodine."
Dr. Hughes says: "Its true action is one of a de-
172
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
pressant character, exerted upon the lacteal vessels
and mesenteric glands, giving a sluggish taking up
of the fatty elements of the food by the lacteals, and
an insufficient elaboration of their contents by the
mesenteric glands; and we have at once a most
important channel of nutrition choked up and ren-
dered useless. The fatty aliments being those taken
up by the lacteals, the emaciation becomes more rap-
idly apparent than if it had been the albuminous
constituents of the diet whose supply was cut off.
The action on the glands and the emaciation of
Iodine is thus a prominent symptom. It has a spe-
cific action on the salivary glands, the liver, the
glands of the generative system and the thyroid.
Upon the glands of the generative system it exerts a
depressing and atonizing influence. The mammæ
and testes have more than once wasted away and dis-
appeared under its use; and a diminution of the
functional energy of the ovaries makes it probable
that these are similarly affected. The most marked
effects of Iodine are: Over-excitement of the whole
nervous system; ebullition of the blood and pulsa-
tions over the whole body, greatly increased by every
effort; trembling, tottering gait; great debility,
atrophy; extreme emaciation; general œdema; pulse
accelerated, hard and small; hectic fever; variable
appetite, either excessive or absent; digestion very
feeble; dyspnoea; suffocation; out of breath on going
up stairs, with violent palpitations and cramp-like
pains about the heart on the least effort."
DOSE.-First three decimal attenuations. •
AGGRAVATION.-By exertion; in a warm room, and
from wrapping up warm generally.
AMELIORATION.-From cold air and after sleep.
REMEDIES.
173
Ipecacuanha. — Con-
stant great and long con-
tinued nausea; vomiting
gives no relief, the nausea
still remaining. Hæmor-
rhages from all the ori-
fices of the body, accom-
panied by nausea. Se-
vere, suffocative cough,
the chest seems full of
mucus, but does not yield
to coughing; asthmatic
cough with excessive mu-
cous rattling in the lungs;
loss of breath when
coughing with great pale-
ness of the face. Inces-
sant sneezing with large
secretion of mucus in
the nostrils.
The cough of Ipecac has not
an organic base, but is of a
simple catarrhal origin, mixed
up with a neurotic element. It
is a loose, spasmodic cough,
with spasm of the bronchial
tubes, and they are loaded
with mucus. Dr. Hirschel
says: "Catarrhal, or spas-
modic titillating cough, or
suffocating cough, with dysp-
noa, nausea, vomiturition,
especially at the end of the
paroxysm, or with expectora-
tion of a scanty, albuminous,
nauseous mucus; or if mu-
cous râles and vomiting of food
are present. The inclination to vomit and the ab-
sence of every inflammatory irritation, and the ten-
dency to resolution are indications for this remedy.
Gastric catarrh, bronchial asthma, more in bron-
chial than in laryngeal affections. In whooping
cough only towards the end. It has special rela-
tions to the vagus, and suits all women and chil-
dren.'
Dr. Nichol says: "Ipecac is one of the principal
remedies for bronchial catarrhs of infancy and child-
hood; in action it closely resembles Tart. em. It is
almost indispensable in those peculiar attacks, partly
neurosis, partly phlogosis-a kind of mixture of
asthma and bronchitis-which frequently occur in
young children, and which are so fatal in the old
school. It is indicated by loud and sonorous mucous
râles in the chest, with wheezing respiration. There
is great dyspnoea, coming on in paroxysms in the
174
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
evening, continuing with slight remissions during the
night, and intermitting distinctly through the day.
The cough is convulsive and suffocative, relief par-
tially from vomiting. During the vomiting the face
assumes a bluish hue, and bleeding from the nostrils
may take place. A slight degree of spasm of the
glottis is not unfrequent, and there may be convulsive
twitches or even spasmodic rigidity of the body of
the child. Sometimes, in spite of the mucous râles,
the cough is dry; though, as Baehr remarks, this is
certainly not according to its physiological symp-
toms." If, instead of the usual tenacious and scanty
mucus, a large quantity of simple catarrhal mucus
accumulates, so that the cough is preceded and accom-
panied by loud râles, and every paroxysm of cough
is attended with vomiting, excited by the least quan-
tity of food: Ipecac is the certain remedy. In recent
cases of asthma, especially in the young, to arrest
the paroxysm Ipecac is equal to any remedy we have,
where we have spasmodic constriction of the air
passages and the bronchial tubes are loaded with
mucus, there is much nausea, the face is pale and
cold, and covered with sweat.
For acute hæmorrhages from the lungs, no remedy
is more frequently indicated; the great key for its
selection being great and long continued nausea,
with spasmodic suffocative cough; much rattling of
mucus and blood in the bronchi. Blood very dark,
and mixed with mucus. Constant taste of blood in
the mouth. If there is organic heart disease, Digita-
lis will take its place.
DOSE.-The first three decimal triturations of the
root.
AGGRAVATION.-At night; by exertion, and in
warm air.
REMEDIES.
175
AMELIORATION.-By rest, and closing the eyes and
mouth.
Kali Bichromi
cum.—Cough,with expec-
toration of tough, stringy
mucus; adapted to the
second stage where the
mucus appears to be
loose, but it sticks to the
parts very tenaciously,
and can be drawn out in
long strings. Chronic
catarrh affecting nose,
fauces and larynx; parts
smooth and red. Fleshy
people, with light hair
and eyes. More useful in
catarrhal diseases of the
air passages than in
genuine phthisis.
For sub-acute and chronic
tedious cases of cough, where
the large bronchi, trachea,
larynx and fauces are involved.
The cough seems loose and
what is expectorated is very
sticky and ropy, can be
drawn out into long strings.
Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Inhala-
tions, and the internal use of
Kali bi. form our standard
course of treatment in those
numerous cases of common
bronchitis vacillating between
the acute and the torpid, in-
veterate character of the disease. A certain degree
of irritation, vascular congestion, and moderate
muco-purulent expectoration marks the morbid state
ready to give way to the specific working of this salt.
Inhalations, however, do good service in bronchial
dilatation, with foetid breath and expectoration. The
sputa soon undergo a favorable change of aspect,
while they lose at the same time their offensive odor
and diminish in quantity. If the catarrh be attend-
ed by periosteal or rheumatic pains of a chronic
nature, all hesitation as to the selection of the medi-
cine must subside. Dr. Hirschel says: "Its charac-
teristic symptom is a smooth or follicular inflamma-
tory redness of the pharynx and fauces, with its dry,
titillating cough and ulcerative pain in the larynx; it
suits tedious cases." Dr. Lilienthal says: "It suits
best fat, chubby children. Onset gradual and insidious;
!
176
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
constant hoarse voice; cough at intervals, hoarse,
dry, barking, metallic; deglutition painful; tonsils and
larynx red, swollen, covered with false membrane,
difficult to detach, with expectoration of tough,
stringy mucus." Dr. Guernsey says: "Kali bi.
Cough with expectoration of tough, stringy mucus;
it sticks in the throat, causing a choking sensation,
sticks to the tongue, teeth and lips, and in attempt-
ing to remove it from these parts it will be drawn
out into long strings." For chronic hoarseness in
laryngitis, it is one of our most useful remedies.
Coughs up casts of elastic fibrinous nature; loud
mucus râles; wheezing, rattling respiration when
asleep.
DOSE.-First six triturations.
AGGRAVATION.-In the morning; after eating and
from cold.
AMELIORATION.-In the evening and from heat.
Kali Carbonicum.—
Cough brought on from
cold, damp weather.
Cough very violent,
mostly dry, commencing
at 3 A. M. Severe stitching
pain is the most charac-
teristic symptom of this
In emaciation and debility,
with a disposition to tubercu-
losis. Where there is a dry
cough, invariably aggravated,
about 3 A. M.; hectic fever
and night sweats, with many
remedy. Chronic, organic stitching, darting, shooting,
coughs. Lower portion cutting pains, this remedy is
of right lung.
invaluable. It seems to act
on the system so as to produce dryness of the serous
membranes, which gives rise to the stitching pains.
the great leading characteristic of the remedy. Sup-
puration of the lungs, with great emaciation and
debility, accompanied by profuse night sweats, affect-
ing especially the head and chest. Excessive dryness
of the scalp, with falling off of the hair. Great lia-
REMEDIES.
177
bility to take cold at every change of the weather;
great irritability with much anxiety, fever and tend-
ency to start from the least noise. Rheumatic sub-
jects whose mucous membranes are very dry and ir-
ritable, with a dry, racking cough, associated with
stitching pains in the chest in cold, damp weather.
The breathing becomes difficult and labored after the
frequent paroxysms of dry coughing; cough when
first waking, without expectoration. Stitching pains
that come on during rest, with extreme tympanitis.
DOSE.- First up to the thirtieth; first three being
most useful.
AGGRAVATION.-At night, especially after midnight,
by all kinds of motion, and especially in damp, cold
air.
AMELIORATION.-By warm, dry air and rest.
Kali Hydriodicum.
-Especially useful in
scrofulous or syphilitic
people, who have been
thoroughly saturated
with Mercury. Secondary
and tertiary syphilis,
where the patient suffers
much from chronic rheu-
matism. Mucous mem-
branes of the mouth, air
The action of this remedy
is very similar to Iodine, es-
pecially in scrofulous glandu-
lar swellings, and goitre; but
differs in many points. Dr.
Meyhoffer says: "The lower
dilutions, 1st and 2d, from
four to eight drops at a dose,
form one of our standard pre-
passages and kidneys scriptions, whenever no special
chronically inflamed. Fe-
tid odor from the nose
and mouth, from chronic
catarrh and ulceration of
those passages. Chronic
nasal catarrh in its worst
form; ptyalism. Degen-
eration of the mucous
membranes. Mucous
symptoms indicate the use of
another drug. In glandular
swellings it cannot be omitted.
Dry, irritating cough, with
scanty, frothy, rather than
mucous expectoration, or
none at all; obstinate tick-
phthisis, with purulent ling and irritation in the tra-
12
178
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
expectoration, associated chea; prolonged expiration
with exhausting night- with sensation of tightness in
sweats. Asthma in young
the chest." Dr. Hitchman
people that are growing
rapidly, associated with
says: "Kali hy. is beneficial,
rheumatism. All forms of indeed often of great service in
scrofula, with enlarged those cases where there exists
glands; severe nightly
a considerable degree of irrita-
bone-pains. Profuse
tion in the bronchial tubes,
purulent mucous secre-
especially the larger channels,
tions, very sensitive to
the least cold, damp air.
with hollow, dry cough, day
and night, but worse towards evening; or cough
with scanty, viscid, ropy expectoration; heat in the
chest; burning, tickling irritation in the laynyx;
quick, anxious, laborious respiration, with hoarse-
ness; abdominal pains, slight, but at the same time
most insiduous, dangerous and fatal in their ulti-
mate results. They are augmented by pressure;
fullness and tension of the belly, particularly a deep-
seated tightness, as if the integument and muscles
were gilded over; too tightly stretched, and thick-
ened peritoneum or serous membrane; coughing and
deep breathing are painful, with fever and emacia-
tion." This is one of the best remedies we have for
phthisis associated with asthma, but to get its best
effect, it has to be given in large doses, of from one
to five grain doses of the crude drug. Some cases
the first dec. will be strong enough. Symptoms are:
severe coryza; nose red and swollen, with profuse,
watery nasal discharge; constant sneezing; dry,
hard, barking cough, afterwards accompanied by a
copious, greenish expectoration; great oppression of
breathing, with loss of voice; suffocative oppression
and arrest of breathing; the constriction of the
chest is so great that the lungs cannot be inflated by
the greatest effort of the patient, and is aggravated
REMEDIES.
179
by rest; patient must move about to get relief; the
dyspnoea is so distressing the patient declares he will
die. In chronic cases, there is often a large secretion
of mucus in the lungs, which, when expectorated,
has a green appearance, from having been secreted
and remained in the lungs a long time. Auscultation
reveals an immense amount of bronchial spasm, as
indicated by the whistling, wheezing noises all over
the chest; has sharp, violent stitches in the chest,
associated with many rheumatic symptoms through-
out the body generally, with emaciation and great
debility. Adapted to both the dry and humid
asthma, but acts best in the dry form.
DOSE. First to the tenth, the first two being the
most useful.
air.
AGGRAVATION.-In cold, damp weather, and rest.
AMELIORATION.-By motion, and in warm, dry
Kali Chloricum.-
the buccal mucous mem-
brane and mucous folli-
In the last stages of phthi-
Has a specific action upon sis, where we have aphthous
sore mouth, no remedy can
equal this, if used as it should
be. My favorite way of ad-
ministering it, is to let the
patient put a small chrystal
of the Chlorate in the mouth,
cles of the mouth. Folli-
cular ulcers upon the in-
side of the cheeks and
tongue. Aphthous ulcers
cover the whole mucous
surface of the mouth;
mouth filled constantly and suck it until all is dis-
with saliva; glands en-
larged and sore; gums in-
flamed and bleed much;
burning, stinging blisters
on the tongue and buccal
cavity, with great heat in
the mouth. Syphilitic
subjects.
solved and then swallowed.
If this is repeated every one
or two hours, the majority of
cases will be cured in from two
to six days.
180
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
Kreosotum.- Putrid
diseases, with great acid-
ity of the secretions. Dis-
In organic affections of the
mucous membrane of the
position sad and irrita- bronchi, this is a remedy of
ble. Paroxysmal moist great value. Its symptoms.
cough, the lungs being greatly resemble those of Pul-
loaded with mucus, ex- satilla, the distinction being
pectorated with great this: the cases adapted to
difficulty; patient has to
Kreosote are
cough a long time. Fœtid
more deeply
sweat of the feet, that are seated, have lasted longer,
often oedematous. Com- and in the case of women the
plexion livid. Tall, slim
menses are too often, too pro-
people. In women, the
fuse, and last too long;
menses are too frequent,
whereas, in Pulsatilla, the
too profuse and last too
long.
menses are apt to be delayed
and scanty. Kreosote is adapted to coughs that
have passed from the dry, first stage, and the sec-
ond stage has fully set in; the cough sounds very
loose, the upper bronchi being loaded with mucus
but expectoration is very difficult. The cough has
much of the nervous element about it, which makes
it paroxysmal in character. Marcy and Hunt say:
"Constant spasmodic, violent cough, accompanied
by violent retching; the expectoration copious, mu-
cous and purulent; the patient cannot lie down
without great distress; stitching pains in the chest;
bitter taste in the mouth; cadaverous breath; fre-
quent greenish, watery diarrhoea; hectic fever; copious
secretion of the mucous membranes, and abscesses of
the lungs, which are excessively offensive in character,
accompanied with depression of nervous power. In
these conditions," says Dr. Kurtz, "Kreosote is much
more effectual than Arsenic, which is usually pre-
scribed." Cough with pain in the chest and sternum
compelling the patient to press the hand on it; fre-
quent desire to take a long breath from oppression
REMEDIES.
181
of the chest; shortness of breath, with sensation of
heaviness on the chest; stitches in the chest, above
and in the region of the heart, with oppression of
breathing in the right side, extending under the
shoulder blade, arresting the breathing. The chest
feels bruised, especially the sternum. Patient wants
to sleep all the time, and is extremely irritable.
KREOSOTE IN PHTHISIS.-Since its introduction by
Bouchard, in 1877, Kreosote has steadily grown in
favor. By its use it is claimed that there is diminu-
tion of cough and expectoration, reduction of fever,
increase of appetite and of weight, and clearing up of
consolidations. The dose is six or seven drops daily,
though this may be increased with benefit.
treatment should extend over several months.
The
Dr. Rosenbusch, of Lemburg, prefers the injection
of Kreosote into the tissues of the lung. About eight
drops of a three per cent. solution of Kreosote in al-
mond oil were injected in each of two spots by means
of a Pravaz syringe with a needle 6 to 8 centimeters
in length, using strict antiseptic precautions. No
hæmorrhage followed.-Whittaker, Annual of Uni-
versal Medical Sciences, 1889.
DOSE.- First to the thirtieth; first three most
useful.
AGGRAVATION.-Open air, morning and evening;
by motion and eating cold food.
AMELIORATION.-From warm air.
Lachesis.-Throat
exceedingly sensitive, can-
not bear the least touch
of the finger. When any-
thing touches the larnyx,
it is not only sensitive,
but feels as though he
would suffocate; touching
In the first stages of phthi-
sis, especially in women at the
climacteric, this remedy is fre-
Through
quently suitable.
the vagi it has a powerful ac-
tion upon the lungs, and when
182
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
the throat causes a dry,
hacking cough; dry spas-
modic cough, worse
nights, with a choking
sensation in the throat;
empty swallowing is per-
fectly agonizing. All
symptoms greatly aggra-
vated after sleep; patient
is very unhappy and dis-
tressed after sleep.
Women have frequent
hot flashes, especially at
the climacteric; cannot
bear any pressure, not
even the clothes, on the
uterine region or upon
the neck; keep constantly
lifting the clothes from
the abdomen and throat.
the cough, or asthma takes
on a neurotic or spasmodic
action, Lachesis will often be
found invaluable. Dr. Guern-
sey says: "Cough,. excited by
pressing, even lightly, upon
the larynx, clothing must be
removed from about the parts,
its pressure excites the cough;
cough as soon as one falls into
a sound sleep, often with chok-
ing, as if suffocation were in-
evitable. Cough excited by a
sensation as if a crumb of
bread were sticking in the
throat, or some other sub-
stance, with frequent hawking
and swallowing.' Dr. Holcomb says: "Lachesis
acts beautifully for tickling, worrying night cough,
with sensation of a lump in the throat, sensitiveness
of the larynx, and especially when after a long, dry
paroxysm there is suddenly a profuse expectoration
of frothy mucus." Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Lachesis
and Naja always contribute to allay the harassing
cough, secondary either to nervous palpitation or or-
ganic alterations of the heart. Deficient nervous in-
fluence of the parvagum, dilitation and fatty degen-
eration of the heart constitute the sphere in which
these poisons display their restorative influence."
Dr. T. Nichol says: "Lachesis-the Belladonna of
chronic diseases-is suitable to children suffering from
hydrothorax, or where there is a largely bloated or
lymphatic appearance; shortness of breath after a
meal; tight breathing, dyspnoea and oppression of
breathing, with aggravation after eating; suffocative
REMEDIES.
183
feeling in a recumbent position, or when touching the
neck. Spasmodic constriction of the chest, obliging
the patient to rise from bed and to sit with the trunk
bent forward; slow and wheezing breathing; desire
to take a deep breath, especially when sitting."
DOSE. Thirtieth attenuation.
AGGRAVATION.- After every sleep; at night; touch-
ing the throat or larynx, and in cold, damp weather.
AMELIORATION.-While eating, and from warmth.
Lycopodium.—
Great quantities of red
sand in the urine. Much
pain in the back previous
to urinating, relieved by
urination. Excessive ac-
in the stomach and bow-
els. Constant sensation
of satiety, the least morsel
of food fills him up to the
This is one of the most fre-
quently indicated remedies we
have in phthisis, and no
remedy can be given with
more confidence as to its cura-
cumulation of flatulence ⚫tive effects. In action it greatly
resembles Pulsatilla, Hepar
and Kreosote. The cough is
loose, rattling, but expectora-
tion is not easy; sounds very
loose, but remains in the lungs
very tenaciously. The sputa
is thick, yellow, or greenish.
Dr. Meyhoffer says: "A long
time was necessary to conquer
my repugnance to the use of
Lycopodium, excited by the
exaggerated laudations of its
medicinal virtues which I had
been condemned to listen to;
now I have, on the other hand,
to guard against falling into
the same error myself. The
fact is, since I learned to ap-
preciate its efficacy in chronic
pneumonia, I have not failed
mouth; much borboryg-
mus, especially in the left
hypochondrium;
constant sensation in the
abdomen like a pot of
yeast working; obstinate
constipation. Great dis-
position to take cold at
every change of the
weather, with cold, clam-
my night sweats, mostly
on the chest and head.
Loose, rattling cough,
with great difficulty in
breathing during the pe
riod of coughing. Fan-
like motion of the alæ
nasi, in diseases of the
lungs; humid asthma,
with much debility.
184
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
to observe also its vitalizing influence in those forms.
of bronchitis characterized by copious muco-serous,
or muco-purulent secretion. These morbid phe-
nomena being habitually the result of more or less.
serious alterations, it follows that Lycopodium acts
favorably in emphysema, dilitation of the air-tubes
and senile catarrh. Constant tickling cough, worse
at night, numerous loud mucous rattles, with rare
and scanty sputa, are symptoms lying especially
within the range of its action. But the varieties of
bronchitis above mentioned are often attended or
complicated by the phenomena of abdominal vas-
cular obstruction and atony of the alimentary canal,
or by those of the acid diathesis. The signs which
arise in such circumstances, as congestion of the
liver, flatulency, obstinate constipation, cachectic
complexion, red gravel in the urine, and lithic acid
dyspeptia are all indications for this drug. Low di-
lutions are not ineffectual, but higher ones work
better." Dr. Baehr says: "It is suitable for old peo-
ple, if emphysema and marked changes in the bron-
chial mucous membrane have taken place; there is
constant tickling in the throat, loud râles with
scanty, or unfrequent expectoration, of a gray and
saltish taste; nightly exacerbations. Usually, Lyco-
podium is indicated in moist mucous, or muco-puru-
lent coughs, but it has acted well in some cases of dry
cough.
""
Dr. Hitchman says: "Lycopodium will almost in-
variably afford signal relief when there is fluent
coryza with cough and hoarseness; stuffing of the
nostrils; formication or ant-like crawling in the
wind-pipe at night; dry cough in the morning; cough
after drinking; cough which affects the chest; a loose
cough with spitting of purulent matter, like con-
REMEDIES.
185
firmed consumption; short breathing of children;
constant oppression with suffocation on doing the
least work; painful stitches in the left part of the
chest, with bruised feeling; beating of the heart in
bed; herpetic spots on the neck and chest; pain in
the loins in bed; stitches in the back after stooping;
dragging in the shoulder blades; stiffness of the nape
of the neck; boring pains in the arms; twitching in
the arms during sleep; dry skin, and the patient com-
plains of having lost all strength in the arms and hav-
ing cold feet; moreover when the cough is troublesome
and materially worse at night, and attended with
thirst, quickness of pulse, subsequent tendency to
moist skin, expectoration grayish, saltish or yellowish,
with oppression about the bronchial tubes, this medi-
cine is strikingly indicated." Dr. Pope says: "Few
medicines are so valuable in pulmonary phthisis as
this, when persistently used. The cough, gastric irri-
tation, exhaustion and intercurrent attacks of pleu-
risy are wonderfully mitigated by it." Expectoration
of large quantities of pus; cough day and night; hec-
tic fever; circumscribed redness of the cheeks; great
emaciation of the upper part of the body, while the
lower is enormously distended. C. Pearson, M. D.,
says: "Where the right side is more affected, the
cough loose, full and deep, sounding as though the
entire parenchyma were softened, the patient raising
a whole mouthful of mucus at a time, which in color
is a light rust, not much unlike that of Bryonia, but
not so thick, more stringy and easily separated, and
if, in addition, there should be present fan-like motion
of the alæ nasi, the 200th is certain to give relief."
In prescribing Lycopodium, its action on the di-
gestive organs, liver and urinary organs should never
be lost sight of. The digestive symptoms, such as
186
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
flatulence and constipation, together with the red
sand (lithic acid) in the urine, are always the great
key-note for the administration of this remedy.
In emaciation and debility, where Lycopodium is
indicated, there will always be found many dyspeptic
symptoms present, with an immense accumulation of
gas in the stomach and bowels; the stomach is acid,
and the least morsel of food seems to fill the patient
full up to the throat. For Humid asthma of long
standing, where the digestion is greatly perverted,
with excessive accumulation of gas, which might well
be called flatulent asthma, relieved by eructations of
gas, Lycopodium will be found a sovereign remedy.
DOSE.-15th, 30th and 200th; the 30th being the
most useful.
AGGRAVATION.-4 P. M.; exertion; lying down, and
cold, high winds.
AMELIORATION.-Continued motion; forenoons;
and from warm food and drink.
Mercurius Solu-
bilis.-Symptoms all
greatly aggravated at
night, and in cold, damp
weather. Spongy gums
that bleed easily; saliva-
tion; thick yellow-coated
tongue, or red like fire
with very fœtid breath,
aphthæ of the mouth and
fauces. Enlarged salivary
glands. Great thirst.
Much perspiration that
does not relieve. Jaun-
dice. Watery, serous
diarrhoea, or muco-san-
guinolent stools. High-
colored urine. Hectic
fever, with dry cough;
In phthisis, after the pri-
mary stage has been nearly
subdued by Aconite, Bella-
donna or Bryonia. The cough
is dry and just passing into
the moist stage, and is greatly
aggravated at night. In
chronic cases, where the bron-
chial tubes are involved, and
there is a copious secretion of
mucus or muco-purulent
sputa, with exhaustive night
sweats. Dr. Hirschel says:
"How the Allopaths, and
more particularly their pa-
REMEDIES.
187
down the sternum, show-
ing that the mucous
membrane is inflamed.
Ropy sputum. Chronic
nasal catarrh; in scrofu-
lous people, with indura-
tion of the glandular sys-
tem.
roughness and burning | tients, are to be pitied that
their school should lack a
knowledge of Mercurius solu-
bilis as a cough remedy!
Where is there a more certain,
a more specifically acting
remedy for the appropriate
kinds of cough of a catarrhal,
inflammatory, organic nature, running from the
fauces through the trachea, and down to the finest
bronchi; decisive in acute affections, ameliorating
in the chronic; slime-loosening, resolvent, restora-
tive? Where there are roughness, burning, feeling of
soreness, from the fauces down to the sternum,
hoarseness of voice, dry cough, raw, concussive, ex-
haustive, naturally exacerbated; sputum ropy,
watery, spittle-like, nasty, bloody; catarrhal head-
ache; coryza; diarrhoea; fever; non-ameliorating
night sweats;-here is the real province of Mercury.
Its place is somewhere after Aconite, before Bryonia
or Pulsatilla or Hepar or Tart. em.; also ushering
in the turning point, critically intervening, so that
the last mentioned may finish the affair. Mercury is
a sovereign remedy for inflammatory bronchial
catarrh." Dr. T. Nichol says: "Mercurius sol. is
an excellent remedy for capillary bronchitis. The
cough is dry, racking and violent, especially in the
evening, until midnight, excited by a tickling or
sensation of dryness in the chest, with expectoration
of yellowish, tenacious mucus, sometimes tinged
with blood. Each paroxysm of cough is preceded by
anxious oppression, with hoarseness and caryza;
violent fever, with a disposition to perspire, which
gives no relief; the tongue is thickly coated, and
the alternate chills and heat are succeeded by ex-
188
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
hausting sweats. This remedy acts best in repeated
doses of the fourth and fifth trituration, dry on the
tongue. In chronic bronchitis, paroxysms of cough
at night, with coldness during the paroxysms and
distress for breath; there is a good deal of yellow
muco-purulent expectoration, or there is raising of
sweetish or saltish mucus and blood; soreness and
ulcerative pain in the air passages, especially during
the cough, and the cough may give rise to nausea
and vomiting.' One of the most prominent indica-
tions for this remedy is a constant alternation of
chills and fever; the fever is often very high, with a
remarkable sensitiveness to the most trifling changes
of temperature; thick, yellow-coated tongue, with
diarrhea, and a great longing for icy cold drinks,
although they aggravate the cough. In pneumonia,
Dr. Muller says: "The hepatization of a portion of
lung continues, and the critical sputa are entirely
wanting; the cough is dry; not frequent; very
rough and fatiguing, with violent irritation and urg-
ing to cough; the dyspnoea remains unaltered, the
fever is continuous and lentescent, with profuse and
exhausting sweats; the urine is scanty and high
colored; jaundiced skin; there is gastro-intestinal
catarrh, and the patient has a scrofulous or dyscrasic
organism." Dr. Baehr says: "The selection of
Mercury in broncho-pneumonia may be justified by
its admirable action in bronchitis, for it cannot be
denied that the greatest danger proceeds from this
quarter, and that, after the removal of the bronchial
symptoms, the remaining pneumonia is compara-
tively insignificant. A third form of pneumonia,
which is particularly adapted to Mercury, is the ca-
tarrhal form, or lobular pneumonia, which has an
entirely different meaning from the former. As soon
REMEDIES.
189
as we have reason, in a case of bronchitis, to suspect
the formation of small foci of exudation, Mercury
will first commend itself to our judgment as a reme-
dial agent, and we shall have before our eyes an im-
age of epidemic influenza. In tubercular pneumonia
we have never noticed any good effects from Mercury.
In phthisis caused by syphilis, Hartmann says he has
cured several cases by it perfectly. I commenced the
treatment with several doses of Mercurius sol.
when syphilitic ulcers were still visible in the throat,
extending deep down, involving the larynx, occa-
sioning hoarseness and that ominous cough with irri-
tation, together with the burning and tickling in the
region of the larynx. The red precipitate often does
better than the solubilis. And if they have been
poisoned with Mercury, give Nitric acid." In the
last stages of tuberculosis, with ulceration of the
lungs, accompanied with aphthous ulceration of the
mucous membrane of the mouth and intestinal
tract, Mercury will be found of great service. The
Mercurius solubilis acts best on women and chil-
dren, and the corrosivus upon men. In deep-seated
organic cases of asthma, associated with bronchitis,
and great discharge of mucus from the lungs, Mer-
cury will often do good service.
DOSE. From the second to the thirtieth; the
third decimal trituration being the most useful.
AGGRAVATION.- Evening and particularly at night,
from heat in bed; in cold, damp air; wet weather;
during perspiration, and from motion.
AMELIORATION.- From rest; during the day and
work.
Mercurius Proto-
iodatus.—Where sec-
ondary syphilis is at the
In phthisis, where the pa-
tient has had syphilis, or the
190
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
foundation, with chronic subject is very scrofulous, and
nasal and pharyngeal ca- is a constant sufferer of ca-
tarrh. Enlarged and in-
tarrh, this is a remedy of
durated glands, especially
the parotid and inguinal. great value. The cough is in-
The tonsils and buccal clined to be loose, the bron-
glands are greatly en- chial mucous membrane seems
larged, inflamed and very
to be undergoing complete so-
painful, with constant
lution on account of the great
flow of tough, ropy mu-
cus. The mucous mem-
secretion of mucus. The mu-
branes raw, the epithe-
cous membrane of the nose
lium being entirely de- and pharynx is greatly con-
stroyed; complete de-
gested and swollen, especially
struction of the respira-
that of the nose; in many
tory mucous membrane,
with loose, rattling
cases it is impossible to
cough, and copious muco- breathe through it; the breath
purulent expectoration. is extremely fœtid. In chronic
tubercular sore throat and laryngitis, the fauces and
epiglottis have a deep, livid purplish hue; the secre-
tions are thin and acrid, frequently with ptyalism,
and the breath is extremely foetid. There is a vast
amount of mucus in the nose, much of which descends.
through the posterior nares into the throat. The
cough is very loose, and expectoration quite easy.
Bowels inclined to be loose; dark red urine, and the
tongue is coated thickly yellow.
Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Iodide of Mercury corre-
sponds more particularly to subacute processes
arising from the influence of cold or atmospheric va-
riations; protracted cases, after Belladonna,
when the parts are much swollen, dark colored, with
much hawking, coughing, and viscid muco-purulent
expectoration, particularly in the morning. In fol-
licular laryngitis, it has been highly commended in
the more acute forms, from the 1st to the 3d tritura-
tion.
REMEDIES.
191
DOSE.-The first three decimal triturations.
AGGRAVATION.—In a warm room, and at night.
AMELIORATION.-In cool air, and active exercise.
Millefolium. — Active
or passive hæmoptysis.
illary circulation, controlling both active or passive
pulmonary hæmorrhage. Hartmann says: "In al-
most every variety of hæmorrhage, and especially
pulmonary, Millefolium is a splendid and indispensa-
ble remedy, more especially in the fleshy and robust;
the spitting of blood is unattended with cough, or
the cough is very slight and is caused by the newly
accumulating blood; at the same time there is bub-
bling up in the chest, with a sensation as if warm
blood were ascending in the throat, gradually in-
creasing in intensity until blood is raised." Spit-
ting of blood, with violent palpitation of the heart;
much excitement, accompanied with a feeling of
great oppression of the chest. Active hæmorrhages
This remedy has a special
action upon the vascular cap-
from deep ulcerations in the lungs.
DOSE.-Tincture, one to five drops every half
hour.
AGGRAVATION.- Evening and at night.
AMELIORATION.-During the day.
Muriatic Acid..
In the last stages of con-
Acts especially upon the sumption, with aphthous ul-
mouth and anus. Mouth
and tongue excessively
dry; tongue is heavy and
seems paralyzed. Breath
is excessively foul, from
ulceration of the mouth;
salivary glands inflamed,
tender and swollen. Diar-
ceration of the mouth and
bowels, with watery diarrhoea
and excessive debility, this
acid is of great value. The
aphthous ulcers of the mouth
and throat slough and tend
to run together. Aphthæ in
192
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
rhoea. The anus is so
tender it cannot be
touched. Watery, pu-
trescent, involuntary
stools. Putrescence of
all the fluids of the body.
Low fevers. In women,
menses too soon and too
profuse, with great men-
tal depression. Great
sensitiveness to damp
weather.
as well as internally.
the last stages of tuberculosis
denote great debility, and are
often the harbinger of dissolu-
tion; consequently what we
do has to be done at once.
These mineral acids tone up
the body so rapidly that often
life may be prolonged when it
would seem impossible. They
should always be used locally
DOSE.- First three decimal dilutions.
AGGRAVATION.-Cold, damp air; stormy weather
and exertion.
ing.
AMELIORATION.-Warmth; lying down and even-
Nitric Acid.-Feel-
ing as if sharp sticks were
being stuck into the af-
fected parts. Diseases de-
pending upon some viru-
lent poison, such as syph-
ilitic, mercurial, and
scrofulous miasms; sec-
ondary syphilis, with mu-
cous patches, and tuber-
cles; salivation from
abuse of mercury.
Spreading ulcers in the
mouth and throat;
mouth full of fœtid ulcers,
with putrid smelling
breath; sore throat dis-
charging thin purulent
matter; diarrhoea, with
great pain in the anus
as if it was fissured; pain-
ful, watery diarrhoea, of
Phthisis in old broken down
constitutions that have had
syphilis, or are suffering from
the effects of Mercury: pa-
tients are extremely weak, and
perspire profusely at night,
sweat smelling like horse's
urine. Dr. Gorton says:
"Nitric acid is an invaluable
remedy in those dyscrasic con-
ditions in which the blood is
impoverished and the secre-
tions foul, with weakness of
the vital forces. Ihave used it
for foul-smelling perspiration
of the hands and feet, with
gratifying results; sometimes
the sweat excoriates the toes.
REMEDIES.
193
ten mixed with mucus and
blood. Proctalgia: urine
smells like horses' urine,
It must be given in large doses.
In the last stages of consump-
and is extremely offen- tion, nitric acid may be indi-
sive. In women, violent
cated when there is loose
pressure as if the womb
cough, but, as a rule, it is in-
would be forced into the
clined to be dry when this
world; bloody leucor-
remedy is called for. Dr. Hir-
rhoea. Colliquative night-
sweats, that are very of
schel says: "Nitric acid has
fensive, with great ema- its sphere of action in chronic
ciation and debility. Lean inflammatory forms of cough;
people, with bilious tem-
in ulcerous or tuberculous pro-
perament, who take cold
easily. Symptoms worse
cesses of the larynx and bron-
at night, especially after
chi; in pneumonia, which tends
midnight.
towards phthisis; in cirrhosis
of the lungs; and especially in chronic catarrhs
combined with angina pectoris, or diseases of the
heart." Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Nitric acid, when
there is great irritation, redness and ulceration of
the epiglottis and larynx, with difficult and painful
deglutition, violent dry cough, and nocturnal per-
spiration. The inhalation of 5 or 10 drops of the
first dilution to an ounce of water has mitigated
rapidly the troublesome throat symptoms in tuber-
cular laryngitis. In syphilitic laryngitis, with
hoarseness, aphonia, ulceration of the buccal mucous
membrane, complete obstruction of the nose, or foetid
yellow discharge, with nose inflamed and swollen;
coryza; dry cough, etc.; for the above it is well-nigh
a specific. Dr. Holcomb says: "Nitric acid, 1st dec.
dilution, frequently succeeds with those obstinate
dry coughs after Atropine has failed. Nitric acid is
an admirable remedy to eradicate the asthmatic
disposition in patients suffering from secondary
syphilis or from the poisonous effects of Mercury,
especially if they are scrofulous subjects.
13
194
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
DOSE.-First three decimal dilutions.
AGGRAVATION.-In the night, and warm room.
AMELIORATION.-In cold weather, and riding in a
carriage.
Nux Vomica.-Chol-
eric, sanguine, malicious,
irritable people, who
make great mental exer-
tions. People that live
high, and take intoxicat-
ing liquors; suffer much
from dyspepsia, and are
greatly troubled with
sour stomach. Constipa-
tion, with frequent urging
to stool. Greatly troub-
led with hæmorrhoids.
Dry, racking cough, with
great soreness of the
stomach. Symptoms are
greatly aggravated at 3
or
The cough that is curable
with nux vomica is of recent
origin, of a dry, scraping char-
acter, and not founded on an
organic base, but of a simple
catarrhal nature, or of a re-
flex character from the spine
digestive organs. Dr.
Hirschel says: "Nux vomica
has only a limited application
in cough, especially where the
pharynx and fauces are af
fected. The cough is scraping,
rough, with irritation in the
throat, or under the upper
sternal parts, with difficult expectoration of tough
mucus on awakening from sleep in the morning; re-
newed or aggravated by vomiting and eating. Dry
coryza, influenza or general simple catarrhs.”
A. M.
•
Dr. T. Nichol says: "Nux vomica is decidedly the
leading remedy when the innervation of both
branches of the pneumo-gastric nerve-its gastric
as well as its pulmonary portion—is alike vitiated,
and then the dyspepsia and the asthmatic affections.
are inseparable parts of one whole. Here, as Dr.
Sutter remarks, the dyspeptic symptoms are the
manifestations of the gastric portion of this deranged
innervation, and the asthma, of the pulmonary por-
tion of it, and in such cases Nux v. is at once sug-
gested. Dr. Ruddock remarks, Nux is probably the
REMEDIES.
195
best anti-spasmodic remedy to that condition of the
digestive system which is the most common cause of
irritation, which results in bronchial spasm. Nux
vomica is about the best remedy we have for simple
spasmodic asthma where there is no bronchial lesion,
but a standing reflex excitability of the pneumogas-
tric to impressions from without or through the
stomach. One of the early cases which made Hahne-
mann famous was of this kind, and the Nux was
given in material doses. Dr. Kidd also states that
he considers it one of our best anti-asthmatics.
While the gastric origin of the Nux asthma is often
unmistakably evident, the paroxysm itself often de-
pends upon congestion of the lungs, and it is a char-
acteristic symptom that the oppression is more
troublesome than the spasmodic symptoms. After
the paroxysm subsides it leaves a condition of the
digestive organs for which Nux v. is the great remedy.
The tongue is coated with a thick yellow fur; slight
nausea; flatulence and constipation; the breathing
is not quite right.
DOSE.-From the first to the thirtieth.
AGGRAVATION.-3 A. M.; in open air; cold and
vexation.
AMELIORATION.- Warm air and warmth in general,
and wet weather.
Opium.-Dry, teasing
titillating cough, day and
night, but especially at
night; cough of a cerebra
origin. Face swollen and
purple, with soporous
sleep and stertorous
breathing. Constipation,
stools composed of round,
hard, black balls. Much
In phthisis, when there is a
dry, spasmodic, teasing, titil-
lating cough, aggravated at
night, where the brain seems
to greatly sympathize, Opium
will be found of great value.
Dr. Hirschel says: “Opium-
spasmodic cough with contin-
196
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
perspiration that is cold
and clammy. Bed feels
so hard he cannot lie
upon it. Frequent hot
flushes. No pains are
found in the opium cough.
Bad effects from fright.
ued dry titillation, allowing no
rest either by day or night. In
every other case, as in the
cough of phthisical patients,
where it keeps off nightly
paroxysms, it acts only pallia-
tively by its narcotic quality; but for such cases
large doses are necessary." Baehr says: "Never give
Opium in cough with profuse expectoration of mucus,
or it will tend to great dryness. It is erroneous to
suppose that the narcotic effect of Opium suspends
the desire to cough only for a short time, for there
are many forms of cough where Opium only aggra-
vates, and does not afford any relief, or affords relief
only when administered in very large doses, to be
followed afterwards by an increase of the cough. In
our opinion Opium is admirably homoeopathic to a
spasmodic, dry, paroxysmal, titillating cough, which
is especially tormenting at night, and has but a
scanty expectoration. The fact that we have often
cured a cough of this kind permanently by means of
a few doses, entitles us to the belief that Opium is
something better than a mere palliative in this af
fection. In the later course of tuberculosis, after
suppuration had really set in, we have obtained
speedy and real relief by means of small doses of
Morphine, one-twentieth or one-fiftieth of a grain at
a dose. Nor have we ever hesitated to avail ourselves
of the narcotic properties of this agent." It is only
useful in asthma in the reflex or nervous forms, the
brain being the centre. There is tightness of breath,
with oppression and spasmodic constriction of the
chest; suffocative fits during sleep. The cough is
dry and suffocative, with bluish redness of the face
and dryness of the skin. A copious secretion of mu-
REMEDIES.
197
cus always counter-indicates Opium. Morphine is
often a valuable palliative, and the physician need
not fear the effects of one-eighth, or, in some cases,
one-quarter to a half a grain at a dose. These large
doses will ward off the so-called hay-asthma entirely
in some people. I know one physician that could not
practice in the fall without his Morphine to ward off
the asthma. Morphine, in the last stages of tuber-
culosis, is the only comfort and real blessing the pa-
tient has in this world, and the physician who would
withhold this only comfort to a suffering mortal
ought not to practice medicine.
DOSE.- First three attenuations of Morphine. First
three decimal triturations, and the crude drug.
AGGRAVATION.-At night; during sleep, and from
stimulants.
AMELIORATION.- From cold; motion, and during
the day.
Phosphorus.—This
is a true lung remedy and
affects more favorably
tall, slender people, with
fair skin, sanguine tem-
perament and very sensi-
tive dispositions. Deep-
seated organic diseases
where death is inevitable.
Sensation of weakness
and emptiness in the
stomach and abdomen:
this emptiness aggra-
vates all other symp-
toms, and is the ruling
key for the use of Phos-
phorus. Great thirst,
drinks large quantities of
water; vomits whatever
In phthisis, when the dis-
ease is deeply seated, much
emaciation accompanied with
great nervous prostration,
and more or less complicated,
with gastric and intestinal dis-
ease, Phosphorus is a king of
remedies. There is much an-
æmia and deliquescence of the
blood, with frequent hæmor-
rhages of the lungs, of a
dark fluid blood. The ema-
ciation is accompanied with a
dry, hard cough, the expecto-
ration is frequently mixed
with blood; the lungs more or
198
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
has been drunk as soon
as it becomes warm in
the stomach. Stools
slim hard and dry,
evacuated with great dif-
ficulty, looking like a
dog's. Diarrhoea, which
pours out in great quan-
tities, like water from a
hydrant. Hard, dry,
tight, rough cough. Ob-
stinate, and copious
hæmorrhages from the
lungs, small wounds
bleed much. Much heat
in the back between the
shoulders. Emaciated
people that take cold
very readily, are ex-
tremely sensitive to cool
air, and suffer much with
cold extremities. Great
less hepatized with much san-
guineous infiltration of the
parenchyma of the lungs.
There is a great tendency to a
watery, exhaustive diarrhoea,
or much gastric irritability;
the tongue is red at the tip
and at the sides; nausea and
frequently vomiting. A sensa-
tion of goneness, or great
weakness in the abdomen, that
aggravates all the symptoms.
In copious and long lasting
pulmonary hæmorrhages,
Phosphorus is the best remedy
we have. Dr. W. Arnold says:
"The changes occasioned by it
in the blood, and through the
blood in the whole organism,
have been overlooked for a
long time. In numerous cases
of poisoning by means of
Phosphorus-matches, and by
Phosphorus-paste, the changes in the blood are too
conspicuous to remain unnoticed any longer. Al-
most all observers speaking on this subject describe
the blood as being dark, even black, and of fluid con-
sistence. As a rule it is thin, flowing, more rarely
of molasses-like, or of more thick, flowing appear-
ance. The blood is more fluid if Phosphorus does
not kill quickly, but has a chance to effect changes in
the blood in consequence of a more lasting action for
several days. These changes, however, usually set in
with great rapidity. The results of microscopic in-
vestigations of the blood offer important disclosures.
sexual desire or impo-
tencc. Degeneration of
the brain and liquefaction
of the spinal cord. Fatty
degeneration of the liver.
REMEDIES.
199
Phosphorus occasions an important change in the
blood discs; their decrease in consistency and circum-
ference is very conspicuous. They become smaller,
more extensible, and consequently can assume differ-
ent forms; they change their form in many ways, es-
pecially in their passage through narrow vessels, and
in their proportion to each other. One might say,
almost, that Phosphorus acts as a dissolvent upon
the blood discs. This action touches the blood cell-
membrane more than the nucleus. Greater luster,
a less granular appearance, irregular and less dis-
tinctly defined outlines,- these are the most con-
spicuous changes of the blood discs which can un-
doubtedly be ascribed to the direct action of Phos-
phorus. According to Rummel the destruction of
blood-discs is the most essential phenomenon when
Phosphorus has been introduced into the stomach,
or injected into the blood. The blood-discs separate
into hæmatine and globuline. The former floats as
a purple coagulum in the plasma, or may even be dis-
solved therein, while the form of the latter is pre-
served. Another observation of Rummel is very
worthy of notice for the explanation of hæmorrhages
after Phosphorus poisoning. If a rabbit, into whose
vena cruralis Phosphorus oil had been injected, was
held head downwards, he soon saw red-colored
plasma, which under the microscope was free from
any blood discs, flow from the nose. The blood in
this dissolved state had passed through the walls of
the vessels. On opening a vessel, numerous blood
discs could still be found.'
وو
This striking resemblance in the change of the
blood, and especially of the blood-discs after poison-
ing with Phosphorus, shows us why it is of such won-
derful efficacy in the cure of hæmorrhages. I once
200
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
cured a case of hæmorrhage from the lungs in a
tuberculous subject with Phosphorus, when the pa-
tient had well-nigh bled to death. Without any effort
on the part of the patient, the blood would rise into
his mouth, so that a quart-dish would be filled in half
an hour; faintness would come on, and the hæmor-
rhage would cease for twenty-four hours, and then
suddenly come on again. The man was so weak at
the end of two weeks that he could not speak above
a whisper. Aconite, Hamamelis, Millefolium, Bella-
donna and Ipecac, all had been tried faithfully and
failed. After commencing the use of Phosphorus, he
had no more hæmorrhages, and made a quick conva-
lescence, remained well one year, and then died of
pulmonary tuberculosis, without any return of the
hæmorrhage. This confirms Raue's observation;
profuse hæmorrhage, pouring out freely, then ceasing
for some time. For deep seated organic affections of
the lungs, with a short, dry, rough cough, Phosphorus
is of inestimable value. Dr. Hirschel says: "The indi-
cations for Phosphorus in nervous cough are similar
to Opium, and may also be compared with Belladonna
and Drosera. In Opium one might say the titillation
is the chief indication. In Phosphorus, the cough is
more tormenting. The irritation from Phosphorus
is not so continuous as that of Opium. In Bella-
donna, also, the cough is more mild-not so deeply
seated. The similarity with Drosera consists in this,
that in both the cough comes in paroxysms with in-
tervals. The cough in Phosphorus is cut off short;
rough, short, dry; between every single coughing
sound there is a short interval, which is wanting in
the Drosera cough. Where they follow one another in
quick succession, the cough does not begin with deep
inspiration, but the expiration prevails; the patient
REMEDIES.
201
keeps coughing when lying down, without any neces-
sity to sit up for it, and the fit does not terminate
with expectoration or vomiting mucus, but ceases
gradually. Neither does the Phosphorus cough come
so apparently from the depth of the abdomen; the
patients rather point to the upper or lower respira-
tory organs. It is quite certain that in such nervous
coughs Phosphorus is a grand remedy, hence its
splendid effects in stenosis of the glottis, in coughs
from bronchial asthma, in angina pectoris. Phos-
phorus is of equally great value in catarrhal, inflam-
matory or organic diseases of the respiratory organs.
We find it everywhere in laryngeal, tracheal, bron-
chial, pulmonary catarrh up to inflammation, even
in the most croupous form, or terminating in pseudo-
plasmata and disorganization of the tissue. The
painfulness of the larynx to the touch; the different
pains, soreness, stitches, burning; the expectoration
of foamy, sticky, purulent, salty, sweetish, brown,
rust-colored, bloody mucus; the cough aggravated
by speaking, laughing, eating, motion; hoarseness
and aphonia; shortness of breath and orthopnœa;
the great prostration, the fever—all of them prove
the deeply penetrating action of this remedy; still
showing its power in emphysema and tuberculosis.
In a fit of coughing during measles, where the child for
twelve hours steadily felt irritation to cough, and ex-
pectorated a little foam and blood, after all other
remedies failed, a single dose of Phos. 2nd stopped it
permanently. In pneumonia it always remains our
sheet-anchor, and it prevents, in croup, paralysis and
narcosis through the carbonized blood."
Dr. C. C. Smith says: "Phosphorus-goneness in
the region of the stomach; hoarseness and aphonia
in the evening; tormenting cough, tight and worse
202
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
before midnight; painless diarrhoea; puffiness around
the eyes; night sweat, especially during sleep; cough
worse from eating and drinking, with bursting feeling
in head; aphthous patches on roof of mouth and
tongue." Dr. W. H. Holcomb says: "Especially
when there is sensitiveness and dryness of the larynx,
with a feeling as if it was lined with fur, and inability
to utter a word, every effort to do so being painful;
nervous exhaustion; suspected atrophy of the nerve
tissues."
Baehr says: "Phosphorus, according to our own
experience, is less adapted to phthisis as a whole than
to single symptoms. It has to be used with caution,
for no other medicine causes hæmopto early as
Phosphorus. No other medicine disagrees so com-
pletely in the long run. The chief indications for
Phosphorus are: continued hoarseness, with a dis-
tressing dry cough, sore feeling in the larynx and
trachea; pain in the stomach after every meal; also
retching and vomiting of mucus; continual
diarrhoea, which is excited by eating, and after
every meal; excessive excitement of the sexual pas-
sion."
Meyhoffer says: "Phosphorus will rarely much
benefit the chronic catarrh of persons otherwise
healthy; but it is admirably suited to the intercur-
rent, acute, or subacute attacks of bronchitis in
emaciated, cachectic or young, overgrown invalids.
The tendency to pulmonary congestion and catarrhal
pneumonia, so often, under such circumstances,
either the proximate cause or complication of bron-
chial irritation, is additional and important indica-
tions for Phosphorus, is also one of our chief remedies
in broncho-pulmonary catarrh, resulting from dila-
tation or fatty degeneration of the heart. I am as
REMEDIES.
203
yet unable to give an opinion as to the dose, the 3rd
and 30th having served me equally well."
Dr. T. Nichols says: "Phosphorus is the principal
remedy in bronchitis of any kind, when the inflamma-
tory irritation threatens to attack the parenchyma
of the lungs, and it is customary to administer it
after the more acute symptoms have been subdued
by Aconite. The cough is dry and hacking, with
burning and tickling in the air passages, and stitches
in the chest. It is aggravated by speaking, laugh-
ing, or drinking, and is followed by expectoration of
a bloody, frothy mucus. There is also painful sensi-
tiveness of the larynx, with hoarseness, or complete
aphonia. The respiration is loud and panting, in-
dicative of great oppression, and the pulse is hard
and hurried, or rapid and feeble. Phosphorus seems
useful in almost any dilutions, but the 6th to the
12th serves me the best."
Dr. C. Pearson says: "In incipient as well as con-
firmed phthisis, in persons of meagre, slender form,
fair complexion, and strong sexual feelings; when in
the lower lobes and of an asthenic type; in children
and young people, of delicate constitutions, with
dry, short cough, shortness of breath, great emacia-.
tion, tendency to diarrhoea, or perspiration. It is no
specific for phthisis, but acts usually on certain states
of lowered nervous energy, violent pneumonia, with
sticking pains in chest, excited or aggravated by·
coughing or breathing also in pleuro-pneumonia; when
they are violent and extend over a large surface, a
large portion of the lung is inflamed, with dyspnoea
the cough is dry, and the sputa rust-colored. Phos-
phorus is in many cases the only remedy, and it af
fords relief in from four to eight hours. Give three
drops of the 3rd every two hours. (Where the cough
204
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
is not so loose and rattling as for Lycopodium, or so
close and tight as for Bryonia, the secretion being
much less, but more profuse than for either Bryonia
or Aconite, and in color somewhat like that of Lyco-
podium, but being of a more dirty appearance resem-
bling pus but thinner, and when falling on any hard,
smooth surface, breaking and flying to pieces like thin
batter.")
In asthma, Phosphorus is often of great service, in
the congestive form with symptoms of paralysis of
the lungs, and the above characteristic symptom; the
asthma being based on organic lesions of the lungs.
DOSE. From the second to the thirtieth, the third
being most useful.
AGGRAVATION.- Especially at night; cold air, and
motion.
AMELIORATION.-Warm air; in the dark, and after
sleeping.
Phosphoric Acid.-
People who have been
weakened by the loss of
animal fluids, sexual ex-
cesses, or a long succes-
sion of moral emotions.
Cerebral weakness from
brain fag; patient can
hardly be persuaded to
speak, is indifferent to all
about him. Painless,
watery diarrhoea, with
much rumbling in the
abdomen, from much ac-
cumulation of flatulence;
stools undigested.
In the first stages of phthi-
sis, Phosphoric acid is often of
great value. When there is
great loss of strength, from the
loss of vital fluids, as in sexual
excesses, or impotence. The
patient is indifferent to every-
body and everything, cannot
be interested in anything; has
copious night sweats of a cold,
clammy nature. It is to nerv-
ous debility what iron is to
anæmia.
DOSE.- First three dilu-
tions; or used in water, twenty drops of the acid to
one pint of water and drink freely, a quart a day.
REMEDIES.
205
AGGRAVATION.-From loss of animal fluids; men-
tal work; at night, and cold, dry weather.
AMELIORATION.-Motion,
weather.
warmth, and wet
:
Pulsatilla.-Very af- In phthisis, where the bron-
fectionate people, with
blue eyes, yielding dispo-
sitions, and easily excited
to tears. Symptoms
greatly aggravated in a
close, warm room; pa-
tient craves fresh, cool
air. Symptoms very
changeable, well one hour
and sick the next. Es-
pecially acts upon the
posterior spinal nerves,
as shown by the constant
chillings, the patient
complains of being cold
all the time. Weeps very
easily, can hardly give
her symptoms without
crying; inclined to be
fleshy, and is very affec-
tionate. Women that are
inclined to be fleshy, with
delayed and scanty men-
struation. Loose, rat-
tling, racking cough that
makes the stomach sore
and causes emissions of
urine at every paroxysm
of coughing. Always has
a very bad taste in the
mouth in the morning
from bad digestion; has a
thickly coated white or
yellow tongue; sour stom-
ach from the least di-
chial mucous membrane is
greatly involved. The cough
is very loose, with copious mu-
cous expectoration, accompa-
nied with great soreness of the
epigastric region and if in fe-
males, the urine is emitted at
each coughing fit. Loose
through the day and tight at
night.
Dr. Hirschel says: "Pulsa-
tilla is similar to Hepar; when
given too early, even in the
third dilution, it will produce
aggravation and render the
cough dry after rests, in Pul-
satilla, like Hepar, suits only
moist cough with copious mu-
cous expectoration, especially
when yellow, whitish, salty,
towards the end of catarrhs,
or in chronic catarrhs. Pulsa-
tilla encroaches not so deeply
upon the metamorphosis as
Hepar, and is, therefore, only
a palliative in chronic organic
cases. It is especially indi-
cated for mucous râles, where
asthmatic disturbances arise
206
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
gression in diet. Espe
cially bad effects from rich,
fat food. Inclined to mu-
cous diarrhoea, worse at
night. Flying rheumatic
pains, that come on sud-
denly.
""
from the accumulation of
phlegm (emphysema), with ca-
tarrhal irritation in the
throat;
throat; amelioration in the
fresh air; aggravation in the
evening and at night. It is
specific in those cases where the cough is moist
through the day, with dry, titillating cough at night
in a recumbent posture. Meyhoffer says: "What
could we do without Pulsatilla in presence of copious
muco-purulent expectoration in lymphatic and
anæmic females. There is no remedy which corre-
sponds so well with the irregularities of function in
the reproductive organs, as well as with the symp-
tomatology of the bronchial affection, so common to
this class of women, as Pulsatilla. Nocturnal par-
oxysms of dyspnoea; gouty or rheumatic pains, fly-
ing about from one part of the body to another,
worse at night, fix as characteristic symptoms the
selection of this remedy."
Baehr says: "Pulsatilla is much more useful
in chronic than in acute bronchitis, if the following
symptoms prevail: cough principally at night, ex-
cited by itching in the trachea, with copious expecto-
ration of mucus; the mucus is mostly white but
frequently mingled with yellowish or greenish lumps,
that impart to it an oily, offensive taste. Pulsatilla
is next to indispensable in the bronchial catarrh of
chlorotic females, which almost always, although not
in every case, depends upon tubercles. If, in the case
of children, an acute catarrh gradually changes to
the chronic form Pulsatilla is a remedy of the first
importance." Hæmoptisis, especially in women that
have suppression of the menses; they are very tearful.
The cough is loose and rattling, the expectoration is
REMEDIES.
207
mixed with mucus and blood. The patient is chilly
all the time. Asthma of a humid nature, especially
in women with menstrual disturbances. There is
congestion of the bronchial mucous membrane, and
after the paroxysm the patient is relieved by raising
large quantities of mucus. There is partial emphy-
sema of the lungs. The prominent gastric symptoms
produce, through sympathy, great depression of
spirits, melancholy, anxiety, and great dread of suf-
focation. Short suffocative, and extremely difficult
respiration, as if from want of sufficient air, or
choked by some irritating substance; the patient is
obliged to retain the erect posture; his movements
are rapid and his whole appearance indicates great
distress and anxiety; tongue loaded with a thick yel-
low, or white coating; breath offensive; frequent eruc-
tations; countenance pale, and the attack usually
comes on at night.
DOSE.-First to the thirtieth; first three being
most useful.
AGGRAVATION.-Warmth, especially a warm, close
room; evening until midnight; lying down; and fat,
rich food.
AMELIORATION.-In open, cool air; cold drinks,
and motion.
Rhus Toxicoden-
dron.-In phthisis that
is brought on by cold,
damp weather; always
aggravated in cold, damp
weather. Patient cannot
lie long in one position,
has to shift about con-
stantly to get relief, which
lasts but a short time,
then he has to move
In phthisis associated with
rheumatism, the patient com-
plains of his joints being stiff,
and he has a hard, dry, rack-
ing cough, worse nights and
especially just before and dur-
ing a cold rain storm. The
case is apt to assume a typhoid
form.
208
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
again. Patient always
Dr. Baehr says: "Rhus is in
gets worse after mid-place if the local affection is so
night. Great stiffness of
the limbs before a storm.
The patient is lame, the
joints are stiff and pain
greatly on first moving,
after rest, relieved by con-
tinued motion. Fiery red
tongue; putrid taste; af-
ter the first mouthful has
no appetite. Looseness
of the bowels, worse at
night; stools involuntary
with great exhaustion.
Cough brought on by re-
peated drenchings in the
rain. Terrible cough,
which seems as if it would
tear something out of the
chest; brick-dust expecto-
ration, raised with great
difficulty. Vesicular erup-
tion on the skin. Ery-
sipelas.
disguised by the constitutional
disease that we seem to be
dealing with typhoid fever,
complicated with bronchial
catarrh. The use of this rem-
edy is suggested by great de-
bility, a prostrate condition
of the whole organism, symp-
toms of violent reaction, such
as a rapid pulse, burning heat,
dry skin and tongue, delirium,
Sopor, a short, distressing,
dry cough, mostly at night,
excited by motion, and every
little cold current of air; tick-
ling and feeling of dryness in
the throat, down the trachea;
the symptoms abate for
awhile after a swallow of
warm water or tea, but soon reappear again in the
same degree, accompanied by tearing pains in the
extremities, especially if they set in at the same time.
as the cough, in consequent of the patient being ex-
posed to the influence of a damp and cold air, or get-
ting soaking wet: the paroxysms occur in the night,
attended with complete sleeplessness; the cough is
complicated with coryza, and frequent spasmodic
sneezing, or, in case of influenza, with typhoid symp-
toms.❞
Marcy and Hunt say: "Rhus tox.-Worse in the
evening, at night, and with perfect rest; relieved by
rising from bed and walking about. On the other
hand, they are aggravated by external cold, while
REMEDIES.
209
seem
frictions and warm applications relieve them; they
are aggravated by all rough movements or severe
exertions." Dr. Boyce says: "Acute catarrh, the
nasal, laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial passages
stuffed up; commencing at about sunset,
with sneezing and dry, hard, tickling cough; continu-
ing very severe until midnight, when all the sufferings
are relieved; but are renewed the next morning."
In phthisis, complicated with pneumonia, expec-
toration of brick-dust or bloody sputa, raised with
great difficulty; accompanied with low typhoid
symptoms.
DOSE.—First to the thirtieth; first three the most
useful.
AGGRAVATION.-While at rest, on beginning to
move; before a cold rain storm; especially from get-
ting wet while perspiring; from anything cold; at
night, or getting cold.
AMELIORATION.-Continuous motion; warm, dry
weather; wrapping up warm; hot drinks; change of
position, and during the day.
Rumex Crispus.-
Especially acts upon the
mucous membrane of the
larynx and trachea. Vio-
lent and incessant, dry,
fatiguing cough, with
little expectoration, ag-
gravated by pressure,
talking, and especially by
inspiring cool air, and at
night; cannot bear the
cold air, covers up the
head to exclude it; com-
plete aphonia; sense of
excoriation behind the
sternum.
14
In the first stage of phthisis,
where the mucous membrane
of the larynx and trachea is
involved, and there is a hard,
dry, teasing, nocturnal cough,
that is greatly aggravated by
breathing cool air, especially
at night, Rumex will give won-
derful satisfaction.
Dr. C. Dunham says: "I
have used Rumex chiefly in
acute catarrhal affections of
the larynx, trachea, and
210
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
bronchi. In these cases it presents a close analogy
in its action to Bell., Lach., Phos. and Causticum.
Rumex diminishes the secretions and at the same
time exalts in a very marked manner the sensibility
of the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea,
exceeding in the extent of this exaltation any remedy
known to us. The cough, therefore, is frequent and
continuous to an extent quite out of proportion to
the degree of organic affection of the mucous mem-
brane. It is dry, occurs in long paroxysms, or, under
certain circumstances, is almost uninterrupted. It is
induced or greatly aggravated by any irregularity of
respiration, such as inspiring cold air; by irregularity
of respiration and motion of the larynx and
trachea, such as are involved in talking; and by ex-
ternal pressure upon the trachea. The subjective
symptoms are rawness and soreness of the trachea,
extending a short distance below the supra-sternal
fossa and laterally into the bronchi, chiefly the
left; and tickling in the supra-sternal fossa and
behind the sternum, provoking the cough; this
tickling is very annoying and very persistent, and
is only partially relieved by coughing. The cough
is much worse in the evening after retiring. The
mucous membrane of the trachea is particularly
sensitive to cool air; the patient often covers
his head with the bed-clothes to avoid the cold
air, and refuses to speak for fear of increasing his
cough."
DOSE.-First three attenuations.
AGGRAVATION.—Evening, after lying down, espe-
cially by inhaling cool air, and by pressure upon
the larynx and trachea.
AMELIORATION.-By warm air, and in the day-
time.
REMEDIES.
211
Sanguinaria.-
Cough that has passed
into the second state
and the lungs are filled
In catarrhal phthisis, this
is a precious remedy for
cough where the larger bron-
with mucus, raised with
chial tubes are involved, and
great difficulty; rusty-col- the stage of copious mucous
ored sputa, in the second secretion has set in. The
stage of pneumonia; ex-
cough sounds exceedingly
cessive dyspnoea. Con-
stitutional and severe
loose, but the secretion of
cough, always attended
mucous is raised with great
with circumscribed red- difficulty. Dr. Holcomb says:
ness of the cheeks; cough "I prescribe it in a certain
with coryza. Croup mem-
troublesome harassing cough
brane very difficult to de-
without marked inflammatory
tach; constant and inces-
sant dry cough on lying action, when you are uncertain
down at night, relieved whether you are dealing with
by sitting up.
a chronic bronchitis or an in-
cipient tuberculosis. I use the first centesimal tritu-
ration of the resinoid. I have been astonished at the
power of this remedy in such cases. It has done me
more good in pulmonary diseases than any other
'single remedy. Calcaria 200th, one powder before
breakfast and one powder of Sanguinaria 1st, an
hour after each meal, for chronic bronchial diseases,
has procured me more reputation and business than
any other one prescription I have ever made. In
moist cough, Sanguinaria 3d cent. trit., steadily per-
sisted in for several days will arrest this catarrhal
disease in almost any of its forms, although when
there is headache, sore throat, red cheeks, pains in
the breast, offensive breath and expectoration, or
symptoms threatening pneumonia, it proves of very
great efficacy."
Dr. C. C. Smith says: "Sanguinaria-emptiness
of stomach, worse after eating, flushes to face, fol-
lowed by hectic spots upon cheeks; constant tickling
Uor M
212
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
at entrance of larynx, causing constant cough, with
a crawling sensation down behind the sternum; chest
sore and painful to touch; hot streamings from chest
to abdomen; cold hands and blue nails; breath and
sputa offensive, even to patient; extreme dyspnoea;
desire to take a deep breath, which is followed by in-
tense pain in right side of chest; lassitude mornings;
aversion to motion; stools predominantly loose;
cough relieved by passage of fatus upward or down-
ward." Marcy and Hunt say: "This is one of the
best agents we have for the prevention, if not the
cure, of consumption. We have used it with success
in patients who were subject to distressing affections
of the chest, repeated attacks of pneumonia resem-
bling pertussis. Also in protracted catarrhal fever,
which leaves obstinate cough and threatening con-
sumption. The cough has generally been mitigated,
the pulse diminished in frequency; the power of the
whole digestive system increased; the appetite is al-
ways improved, or regulated in cases where it has
been morbidly great. Chronic dryness in the throat;
conumual severe ury cougn, with pain in the chest
and circumscribed redness of the cheeks; tormenting
cough with expectoration of mucus. The peculiar
cough, emaciation and hectic fever of pulmonary
consumption; hydrothorax, asthma, pneumonia, and
pneumonia typhoides, pain in the chest, with cough
and expectoration; burning and pressing in the
breast and back; palpitation of the heart; burning
of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet at
night." Sanguinaria catarrh is first acrid, watery
coryza, rawness of the throat, painful bronchial ca-
tarrh, which finally terminates in diarrhoea.
nit.
DOSE.-First three triturations of Sanguinaria
REMEDIES.
213
AGGRAVATION.-Morning and evenings; noise,
light, motion, and open air.
AMELIORATION.-During the day; quiet; and in
the dark.
Silicia.-Chronic sup-
puration; has a wonder-
ful control over the sup-
purative process, seeming
to mature abscesses when
desired. Great lack of
vital heat, is cold and
chilly all the time, cannot
keep warm even when
walking. Great disposi-
tion to take cold, even
from the slightest draft
of air. The head and
chest is constantly wet
with perspiration; copi-
ous night sweats;
tremely fœtid foot sweat.
Children with large, open
fontanelles, and who wish
the head covered up;
ex-
rachitis with slow denti-
tion. Obstinate consti-
pation; the rectum does
not have the power to
expel the stools, the stool
often recedes after having
been partially expelled.
Fistulous ulceration of
the anus. In women,
great chilliness during
menstruation, with con-
stipation. Caries of the
bones and chronic sup-
puration of joints. As-
sails nutrition rather
than the functions of an
organ.
In phthisis, no remedy con-
trols the suppurative process
equal to Silicia. In organic
diseases of the air-passages,
where suppuration has taken
place, with a suffocative, rack-
ing, loose cough, and copious
expectoration of thick, yellow,
greenish pus, or muco-pus, ac-
companied with hectic fever,
great emaciation and debility
and copious night sweats, this
remedy is our sheet-anchor.
As a remedy for chronic bron-
chitis, it is only second to Sul-
phur. Meyhoffer says: "I
“I
think it hardly possible to
overcome radically the ca-
tarrh pituiteux of Lænnec
without the intervention of
Silicia. In this form of bron-
chial disease no other agent
contributes so largely towards
recovery. Not less beneficial
are the effects of Silicia in
bronchial affections of rachitic
children. Hughes thinks that
Silicia may find its place in
chronic bronchitis with puri-
form expectoration, and it is
one of the principal remedies
214
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
in obstinate or severe cases characterized by racking
cough, with copious expectoration of transparent
purulent matter. The cough is suffocative, with op-
pression at the chest, and aggravated at night, and
is sometimes accompanied by sore throat, with loss
of breath when lying on the back and when stooping.
All unite in prescribing the higher dilutions, and
Baehr says that we have never derived any advan-
tage from alcoholic attenuations, but always from
the higher triturations."
Marcy and Hunt say: "This remedy embraces
most of the symptoms that belong to the phthisical
dyscrasia, consequently it is of great value for the
constitutional condition in congenital or hereditary
cases. The dyspeptic symptoms peculiar to con-
sumption are also nearly the same as under Hepar.
The symptoms that show themselves in the respira-
tory system are: roughness and sore feeling in the
larynx, with dry hacking cough, causing soreness in
the chest, hoarseness with cough; suffocative night.
cough; excessive continual cough with discharge of
translucent or bloody mucus; vomiting of purulent
matter when coughing; ulceration of the lungs; dis-
charge of clear, pure blood, with deep, hollow cough;
the chest painful as if bruised; shortness of breath
felt on walking or exercising; weakness and oppres-
sion of the chest, with chilliness of the surface; op-
pressive heaviness in the region of the heart and
palpitation when sitting still." This remedy is
especially adapted to children that are inclined to
rachitis, with large bellies and weak ankles; great
difficulty in learning to walk, emaciation with ulcera-
tion of the lymphatic glandular system. The ema-
ciation that calls for Silicia has been brought on by
;
REMEDIES.
215
a long lasting organic disease of the lungs, or some
other organ undergoing suppuration.
DOSE.-From the 15th to the 1000th, the 30th
being the most useful.
AGGRAVATION.-Cold air; night, and after sweating.
AMELIORATION.- Warm air, and in a warm room.
Spongia.-Chronic
hoarseness; dry, sibilant,
croupy cough, with great
dryness of the larynx;
every secretion is per-
fectly tight and dry, with
suffocative breathing,
patient must have the
head high. Has a specific
action upon the larynx
and trachea. Goiter and
indurated lymphatic
glands.
In phthisis, Spongia corre-
sponds to affections of the
upper part of the respiratory
organs, especially the larynx
and trachea. The cough is
croupy, dry, sibilant, sounding
like a saw driven through a
thin pine board, each cough
corresponding to a
of the
(C
thrust
saw. Baehr says:
Spongia is characterized
by a hollow, barking, dry, seldom moist cough,
continuing all day, and likewise at night, in
long-lasting, distressing paroxysms, sometimes ac-
companied with râles. The remedy is most appropri-
ate for children, more particularly if the disease set
in as laryngitis and gradually extended to the lungs.
It is an excellent remedy in croupous bronchitis."
"Often the patient is quite convalescent, when
on very slight exposure the cough returns with
redoubled violence-the most pressing dyspnea,
sibilant ronchi and violent convulsive cough. When
this relapse occurs, Spongia is pre-eminently the
remedy, even though it had not been given pre-
viously."— Dr. Nichol.
The first inflammatory symptoms should be sub-
dued by Aconite. Spongia is not used as much as it
ought to be in those hard, tough cases of what might
216
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
be called dry bronchitis. There is an absence of in-
flammatory symptoms, but the patient has a terrible
hard, dry, racking cough, slight expectoration and
dyspnoea. In dry, spasmodic asthma, with severe
dyspnoea on lying down, exertion produces great
exhaustion in the chest.
DOSE.- First three decimal triturations.
AGGRAVATION.-Night; cold air; lying with head
low.
AMELIORATION.-By warm air and head high.
Stannum.- Great
weakness of the chest; the
least exertion puts pa-
tient all out of breath;
cannot answer questions,
there is such debility, all
centering in the chest;
reading aloud, coughing,
or the effort to expecto-
rate, produces great weak-
ness in the lungs. Feels
so weak can hardly sit
down, must drop down
suddenly, but can get up
very well. Great weak-
ness of the legs, they can-
not support the body.
Can go up stairs nicely,
but coming down stairs
produces great faintness.
Pains commence lightly,
increase gradually to a
very high degree, and
then decrease again as
slowly. Bronchial dila-
tation, with loose cough,
and green, muco-purulent
expectoration. Exhaust-
ing night-sweats.
In phthisis where the bron-
chial tubes are inflamed and
dilated; the secretion of mu-
cus is very great, of a green,
yellow, or muco-purulent char-
acter, with a loose, rattling
cough, accompanied with ex-
cessive prostration, especially
centering in the chest,-Stan-
num will be found of great
utility. Hahnemann says:
"Rough throat, hoarseness,
weakness and emptiness in
the chest; the hoarseness was
sometimes relieved by a fit of
cough; mucus in the trachea,
in the forenoon, easily thrown
off by a slight cough, the chest
feeling very weak, with faint-
ness, and weakness of the
whole body. Accumulation
of mucus in the chest, with
rattling breathing, which can
be felt internally; constant
REMEDIES.
217
desire to cough, owing to too much mucus in the
chest; continued desire to cough, from a constriction
of the trachea, expectorating a greenish mucus;
sore feeling in the chest, with a horrid cough, expec-
torating blood; yellow expectoration having a pu-
trid taste; salty expectoration. Fit of asthma,
obliged to breathe hurriedly for a long time.
DOSE. First six triturations.
AGGRAVATION.-Motion, reading aloud and at
night.
AMELIORATION.-During the day; warmth and
sitting down.
Stigmata Maidis.-
Great excess of lithic acid
gravel in the urine; the
urine is loaded with lithic
acid and deposits a large
amount of red sand;
chronic cystitis. Much
mucus in the urine
This is one of our best
remedies for phthisis, as soon
as the cough begins to loosen ;
the accumulation of mucus is
great, raised with some diffi-
culty. The party coughs day
and night, but worse in the
night; hoarseness, the larynx and trachea being
much inflamed. All the symptoms of Stigmata
greatly resemble those of Lycopodiuin, and it is
hard to distinguish which one of the remedies should
be selected. There is more flatulence in the digestive
organs where Lycopodium is indicated, and the dis-
ease is more chronic. Stigmata cases are more
acute in nature, and develop with more rapidity.
DOSE.- From two to ten drops of the Fluid
Extract.
•
AGGRAVATION.-At night.
AMELIORATION.- During the day.
Sulphur.-Constant
heat on top of the head,
palms of the hands and
In phthisis this remedy is
the back bone of our school, and
218
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
soles of the feet, con-
stantly putting the feet
out of bed to get them
cool. The patient feels
constantly hot all over
the body. Very weak and
faint at 11 A. M., cannot
wait for dinner. Early
morning diarrhoea, that
drives the patient out of
bed in great haste,—can't
wait, must go to stool as
soon as the desire is felt.
The stools are extremely
acid, the anus is sore
and excoriated. Obsti-
nate chronic constipation,
stools dark, hard and
dry, expelled with great
straining; accompanied
with piles that bleed
much; from abdominal
plethora. Excoriating di-
arrhoea, especially in in-
fants. In women, menses
but few cases can be treated
without its aid, and about all
kinds of coughs yield to its
power, but more particularly
chronic bronchial catarrh,
with excessive collection of
mucus, or muco-purulent mat-
ter and loose, rattling cough,
and easy expectoration, es-
pecially in the day-time. At
night, the mucus is more te-
nacious and raised with
greater difficulty, but becomes
easy again in the morning.
Baehr says: "In chronic
bronchitis, Sulphur is un-
doubtedly the most impor-
tant remedy we have, because
it corresponds to the worst
and most inveterate cases.
If emphysema is present, this
too early, too profuse remedy may never yield any
and last too long, and
are very excoriating; ac-
rid, excoriating leucor-
rhoea. Feels suffocated,
wants the windows and
doors open, with frequent
hot flashes, with faint-
ness, followed by perspi-
ration and much debility.
Much rattling of mucus
in the lungs; catarrhal
symptoms get worse and
marked results. Brilliant re-
sults may, however, be ob-
tained in cases of chronic
catarrh of long standing, if
the mucus is secreted in large
quantities, or is very tena-
cious, and the symptoms
point to a decided thickening
of the mucous membrane.
An eminent indication for
worse with a loose cough. Sulphur is, the excessive sen-
sitiveness of the skin, so that
Plastic pleurisy with se-
rous exudations. Chronic
rheumatism. Vesicular every trifling change of tem-
REMEDIES.
219
eruptions on the skin,
greatly aggravated by
warmth. Excessive sensi-
tiveness of the skin; pa-
tient is powerfully affect-
ed by changes of temper-
ature, which aggravates
all symptoms. Patient is
happy, has happy dreams
and everything looks
beautiful. Aggravation
in cold, damp weather,
from getting warm in
bed, and afternoon to mid-
night. Adapted to sub-
acute and chronic cases.
we
perature causes an exacerba-
tion, and that even if the
patient remains in his room,
-he is still powerfully affected
by changes in the weather.
Only this hyperæsthesia must
not be caused by pulmonary
tuberculosis; the tubercles at
least must not be in a state
What
of suppuration.
have said shows that the
symptoms may be distin-
guished in two series. The
cough is either loose, the mu-
cus easily detached, but only at times, so that at
night, for instance, there is a good deal of dry cough,
whereas in the morning and during the day the
cough is moist. The expectoration is mostly white,
compact, but mixed with a number of yellow or
green lumps, showing that the mucus had been se-
creted in the bronchi for a long time before being
coughed up; it has a foul taste and even a bad odor,
and accompanying hoarseness and sensation of raw-
ness, show that the larynx and trachea have become
involved in the pathological process. Or else the
cough commences in more violent paroxysms, with
considerable dyspnoea, is dry and spasmodic, with
wheezing in the chest; it occurs most generally late
in the evening and in the night, and it is only to-
wards morning, or after rising, that a tenacious,
glossy mucus is brought up after a slight coughing
spell. The digestive symptoms, and the condition of
the liver, which generally appears very much en-
larged in chronic catarrh, confirm the selection of
Sulphur. It has always seemed to us that the tritu-
220
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
rations did not act so well in this disease as the at-
tenuations prepared from the alcoholic tincture, and
that as a rule, higher potencies acted better than the
lower; and finally Sulphur acts better on the young
than in the old.”
Dr. Hirschel says: "Sulphur allows a far more
extensive application in chronic forms; less, perhaps,
by its specific relations to cough than by its vaso-
motor effect, and by its power of causing a reaction
in the metamorphosis. It acts favorably where the
course of the disease is slow, without coming to any
decision in acute cases; as in catarrh or inflamma-
tion (Sulphur effectually develops hepatization), as
well as in chronic diseases of the respiratory organs,
and of the heart. Sulphur shows in the proving all
sorts of coughs, and different expectorations; but
the constitution of the patient and the adjectiva of
the disease give us hints for its selection. Whenever
a dyscrasia is on hand, the physician remembers
sulphur."
Marcy and Hunt say: "Hahnemann regarded
phthisis as a psoric disease, and Sulphur as the first
anti-psoric remedy. He refers to six cases in which
consumption was caused by the repulsion of psora
from the skin; later writers have admitted that Sul-
phur is a specific for itch, and also for the diseases
caused by its recession. Sulphur is specifically suited
for phthisis in psoric constitutions of lymphatic
temperament, subject to venous plethora and hæm-
orrhoids. There is predisposition to take cold from
slight exposure, running into chronic catarrh; erup-
tions resembling those of scrofula appear on the
skin; rheumatic pains without swelling; drawing
pains in the limbs; unsteady gait and tremor of the
hands; great general prostration; nervous ex-
REMEDIES.
221
haustion following debilitating losses; numbness of
different parts, paralysis and emaciation; pains
worse at night, relieved by external warmth; drowsi-
ness and disturbed sleep; disturbing dreams; hallu-
cinations and timidity. The patient curable by
Sulphur has generally some eruptive disease of the
skin, or has had such affection (not necessarily the itch)
repelled from the surface at some former time; he is
subject to abscesses, boils or swelling of the glands;
hectic fever, followed by night sweats, or profuse
sweat from slight heat or exercise. There is hypo-
chondriac sadness, disposition to weep; irritated,
taciturn disposition; the head is dizzy; intolerance
of light. Pale face, wan, blanched, sickly, bloated,
with wrinkled countenance; blue margins around the
eyes; hepatic spots in the skin; swelling of the gums;
dryness of the tongue; favus on the skin. The
throat is dry; mucous expectoration; sore throat;
vesicles on the surface; pressure in the throat as if
from a lump; tonsils red and swollen; uvula en-
larged; putrid taste in the morning; ravenous appe-
tite, or loss of appetite; acidity of the stomach and
sour eructions; heartburn, morning nausea, water-
brash, acid vomiting. The stomach is painful on
pressure; swelling, burning and cramplike contrac-
tion or spasm of the stomach; malaise before a meal;
nausea after eating. Pain in the abdomen, with sen-
sitiveness of the surface; spasmodic contraction; colic,
cutting pain with nausea, followed by diarrhoea and
tenesmus; hæmorrhoids, constipation with pain in the
rectum as if it would protrude; mucous stools streaked
with blood, passed with ascarides or lumbraci; stran-
gury, foetid urine. The throat feels rough, the larynx
dry, sore, its sides swollen and feeling as if something
lodged there. Hoarseness or loss of voice; catarrh;
222
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
fluent coryza, rawness or spasmodic contraction of
the chest; cough dry, short and hacking, and after a
meal exciting retching or vomiting. At a later stage
the cough is looser, raising thick mucus, then green-
ish masses; the cough excites violent headache,
which in the occiput is pulsative; spitting blood.
The breathing is spasmodically arrested; asthma
excited by a long rapid walk, or ascending the stairs;
suffocative paroxysms, especially coming on at
night; talking causes weak feeling in the chest; op-
pression or contractive pain there; neuralgic stitches
of the chest, extending to the sternum or back; pal-
pitation of the heart, anxious throbbing with flush
of the face, or rush of blood to the head. Leucor-
rhoea; irregular menstruation; cold hands and feet."
Asthma, in chronic cases, complicated with erup-
tive skin diseases; rheumatism, or some constitu-
tional taint; it may be either humid or dry, but
generally the breathing and cough is neither loose
nor dry, but half way between, of a wheezing charac-
ter; there seems to be much mucus in the lungs, but
none, or only a trifle, is expectorated; sensation as
if the lungs touched the back while coughing. Sul-
phur is adapted to nearly every kind of asthma, but
is the most useful in the humid form. Burning of the
feet at night; patient has to put them out of bed
to cool them; frequent flushes of heat, with suffo-
cative cough. Hæmoptysis that gets almost well,
then returns again and again.
The symptoms of Sulphur are so numerous and so
contradictory, that I will leave the physician to
make out the balance by physiological induction and
clinical experience.
DOSE.- From the tincture up to the one thou-
sandth; the first thirty being the most useful.
REMEDIES.
223
AGGRAVATION.—Afternoon to midnight; cold,
damp weather, or open cold air; and from getting
warm in bed.
AMELIORATION.-By heat; dry weather, and mo-
tion.
Sulphuric Acid.-
Great debility, with sen-
sation of tremor all over
the body without trem-
bling. Great exhaustion
from some deep-seated
dyscrasia. Aphthæ, at-
tended with much pain.
Coldness and relaxed feel-
ing in the stomach, with
loss of appetite and great
debility. Diarrhoea with
excessive prostration,
hæmorrhages from all
the outlets of the body,
of dark blood. In women,
constant flushes of heat
at the climacteric, with a
In the last stages of phthisis,
with aphthous sore mouth
and profuse exhausting night
sweats, it is the best remedy
we have, and the physician is
often made happy for its great
value in this tormenting and
prostrating symptom. It is
more especially called for in
profuse morning sweat; affect-
ing principally the upper part
of the body, and accompanied
with excessive and extreme de-
bility. The old school give
from twelve to twenty minims
at a dose, three or four times
a day, of the dilute Sulphuric
acid. The second and third
decimal dilutions of the chem-
ically pure drug in our hands
will yield fine results.
Aphthæ, when the mouth is
filled with ulcers, which are
exceedingly painful to the pa-
tient in the last stages of consumption; the saliva is
secreted in great quantities. Sulphuric acid applied
with a spray three times a day will greatly comfort
the patient and arrest the ulceration. Or it can be
mixed with glycerine and applied with a camel's hair
tremulous sensation all
over the body; menses
too early, too profuse,
and always preceded by
a distressing nightmare.
Patient feels as if every-
thing must be done in a
great hurry. General and
great debility. Copious
and exhausting night-
sweats.
In
224
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
pencil. Dilute Sulphuric acid may also be used as a
gargle.
ing.
DOSE.- First three dilutions of the C. P.
AGGRAVATION.-Open cold air, and evenings.
AMELIORATION.-Open warm air, and from vomit-
Tartar Emetic.-
Loose, rattling cough,
which sounds as if there
was a cupful of mucus in
the lungs, and they were
about to run over; large
collection of mucus in the
bronchial tubes, expecto-
rated with great diffi-
culty from paralysis of
the vagi. Paralysis of
the lungs with great
dyspnoea, and fits of suf-
focation. Very great
thirst day and night,
with nausea and vomit-
ing. Edema of the lungs;
coliquative diarrhea.
Much yawning. Lum-
bago.
In phthisis this remedy is
indicated when we have a very
loose, rattling cough, the
lungs seem loaded with mucus,
but none is expectorated. Dr.
Hirschel says: "Tartar
emetic. Cough rattling; it
sounds loose without being
loose; cough with vomiting of
food after eating; stertorous
tracheal and bronchial rat-
tling; the rattling necessitates
sitting up, with vomiting or
dyspnoea and fear of suffoca-
tion. In the teething cough
of children, where we fre-
quently hear the rattling from afar, and disappear-
ing after the paroxysm of cough. In pneumonia
with high-graded hepatization, it aids expectoration
when resolution begins to take place. In chronic
bronchial catarrhs, emphysema bronchiectasia, se-
nile catarrhs. It gives great alleviation in tubercu-
losis pulmonum, but also more rapid dissolution of
the tubercles, and hastens the downward course. In
croup, as an intermediate remedy for the solution,
and to keep off paralysis. It acts well in those cases
without producing emesis."
"Copious accumulation of mucus in the air-pas-
REMEDIES.
225
sages, deficiency of aeration caused by its presence,
numerous moist rattles, severe spasmodic suffo-
cative cough. Tart. em. is more adapted to sub-
acute than to chronic affections of the air-tubes;
hence its frequent application in bronchial catarrh
for children and aged persons. Infants especially
sometimes exhibit in the course of chronic bronchitis
sudden and alarming symptoms of suffocation, and
mechanical irritation of the fauces is not always con-
venient or tolerated. In such cases a vomiting dose
of this salt does much good and cannot do harm. A
solution of one grain of the first decimal trituration
to half an ounce of water, one teaspoonful every ten
minutes, usually suffices in two or three doses to pro-
duce emesis; and in this way throws off the accumu-
lated mucus, and then the third trituration will finish
the cure."- Meyhoffer.
In capillary bronchitis, Dr. T. Nichol says: "Tar-
tar emetic is unquestionably the great remedy for
this dangerous form of bronchitis, and all who have
used it can endorse the recommendation of Dr.
Hughes: 'perfectly homoeopathic to both the local
and the general condition. I have almost invariably
relied upon it single-handed, and have seen desperate
cases recover under its use.' Kreussler says 'that he
has found it very efficient in the last hours, when the
patient struggles hard.' Baehr remarks that 'it is
really the second stage of the catarrhal process that
is adapted to the curative action of this drug;' but
my experience is that it should be given promptly and
without delay as soon as the disease is diagnosed.
Aconite is the only remedy that can compare with it
in value in this disease. Tartar em. is indicated by
severe spasmodic suffocative cough, with wheezing
respirations and marked dyspnea; also by rattling
15
ī
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
226
cough which ends with vomiting of thick white mu-
cus; also when the cough suddenly ceases from weak-
ness or paralysis. The actions of the patient seem
to show that he is suffering from oppression at the
chest; and the mucous ronchus, indicating a very
copious accumulation of mucus in the bronchial
tubes, is one of the leading features of the case.
This accumulation forms a mechanical obstruction
to respiration, and accordingly we have a group of
symptoms of Carbonic acid poisoning more or less
pronounced; great anxiety and agitation, pale and
bloated face, coma or delirium, with coldness of the
extremities. Profuse, cool sweat, not followed by
relief, and a disposition to vomiting and diarrhoea
would be additional indications. Acts best in 3d and
4th 'triturations.' In humid asthma this is often
valuable in acute cases complicated with catarrh of
the lungs, especially in children, with much conges-
tion and inflammation of the bronchial mucous
membrane, and the tubes filled with mucus; much
choking and rattling, but the mucus cannot be raised
without great exertions."
DOSE.- First three triturations.
AGGRAVATION.-Evening: cold damp weather,
and warmth.
AMELIORATION.-Open cool air, and during the
day.
Tar and Tar Water.-This is an old fashioned
but a very valuable remedy in phthisis where the
bronchial mucous membrane is largely involved. Tar
has a specific action on all mucous membranes, espe-
cially that of the lungs. The cough is very loose, often
paroxsymal and very violent, affecting the patient
day and night. The expectoration is rather abund-
REMEDIES.
227
ant, frothy, yellow or muco-purulent, and often very
fœtid; breathing rapid; much rattling of muco-
purulent substance in the lungs; loss of appetite;
night sweats and much debility. In these cases the
action of tar and tar water is very marked, greatly
stimulating the mucous membranes and producing
healthy nutrition. In a week, a great improvement
usually takes place, often arresting the disease in a
month. The tar should be given in from two to five
grains (in pills or capsules) once in three hours. For
a drink, cover the bottom of a quart dish one quar-
ter of an inch thick, and then fill the dish with warm
or cold water; drink this in broken doses, so that it
all will be taken in one day. Prepare fresh every
night and it will be ready for use in the morning. The
tar can be renewed once a week.
BURT'S PNEUMATOSCOPE.
[SEE CUT NEXT PAGE.]
It is formed like the hour-glass, with rubber ear tubes, and
rubber tympanum in the top, which greatly magnify the sound
waves. This gives us a more accurate differential diagnosis, as
different breath-tones are produced in different diseases, when the
patient breathes into the instrument. When applied to the
chest, its superiority over the Stethoscope will at once be estab-
lished, and the diagnosis of all thoracic diseases will be greatly
simplified by the use of this instrument. The cut shows it one-
half size.
FOR SALE BY
.. GROSS & DELBRIDGE, :.
48 Madison Street,
CHICAGO.
BURT'S

PNEUMATOSCOPE.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
PHYSIOLOGICAL and Pathological Chemistry, T. C. Charles, M.
D.; Manual of Dietetics, J. M. Fothergill, M. D.; Food in Health
and Disease, I. B. Yeo, M. D.; Eating for Strength, M. L. Holbrook,
M. D.;
Food and Dietics, F. W. Pavy, M. D.; Reference Handbook
of the Medical Sciences. System of Medicine, W. Pepper, M. D.;
Cyclopædia of the Practice of Medicine, Dr. H. Von Ziemssen; Rey-
nolds' System of Medicine, Hartshorne, Text Book of Human
Physiology, Dr. L. Landois; Practical Medicine, A. L. Loomis, M.
D.; Medical Record, Therapeutic Gazette, Therapeutics of Tubercu-
losis or Pulmonary Consumption, W. H. Burt, M. D.; Marcy and
Hunt's Practice, Jousset's Clinical Medicine, Chronic Diseases of the
Organs of Respiration, John Meyhoeffer, M. D.; Pulmonary Con-
sumption, C. J. B. Williams, M. D.; Woods' Medical and Surgical
Monographs, Medical Era, Hahnemannian Monthly, North Ameri-
can Journal of Homœopathy, Special Pathology and Therapeutic
Hints, C. G. Raue, M. D.; Homœopathic Therapeutics, S. Lilien-
thal, M. D.
INDEX.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Administration of Liquids 120
Cocaine.
158
Aconite
144
Conium
159
Etiology
9
Condensed Milk
96
Albuminoids
44
Cough
137
Argentum Nit.
148
Cough, Moist
138
Arsenicum
145
Cough, Asthmatic .
139
Aphthæ .
141
Cough, Hoarse
139
Apple.
114
Currant
117
Apricot .
Aqueous Vapor
Banana
Barley
Baptisia
Belladonna
Beer
115
•
Cuprum Phos.
. 160
70
Climate
31
Cod Liver Oil
52
•
118
100
Date
116
•
152
Diet
40
•
150
Digitalis
160
100
Diarrhoea
141
Bed Sores.
143
Distilled Water
97
Beef Tea
106, 109
Beef Juice
109
Eggs
. 104
Bovinine
110
Bryonia
152
Fæces
86
Buttermilk
95
Fluid Food .
88
Ferrum
161
Carbonic Acid Water
35
Fruits
102, 121
Carbonic Acid in Phthisis.
36
Fruit Jellies
98
Calcaria Carb. et Phos.
15-1
Fruit Juices .
98
Carbo-hydrates
42
Figs
119
•
China.
157
Fluid Beef Extracts
106
•
Cherry
115
•
Cream
Chicken Broth
Clam Juice
96
Gaseous Food.
109
Gaseous Enemata
68
134
•
99
Grape Juice
96
231
232
INDEX.
Grape Cure
97
Night Sweats
140
Goosberry
117
Nitric Acid
192
General Atony
136
•
Nitrogen
69
Gruels
100
Nux Vomica
194
Hamamelis
Hæmoptisis
Hectic Fever
Hepar Sulphur
165
Opium
195
136
Olive.
115
139
Orange
116
•
•
165
Organic Matter
72
Hydro-carbons
46
Oxygen Gas.
33
Hydro-therapeutics
29
Oxygenated Water
34
Oysters.
106
Iodine
168
Pear
114
Ipecacuanha
173
•
Peach
115
Introduction
5
Peptonized Milk
94
Plum.
115
Kali Bich.
Kali Carb
Kali Chlor
Kali Hyd
Keefer
175
Pneumatoscope
227
176
•
Phosphorus
197
179
Phosphoric Acid .
204
177
•
Phosphate of Copper
160
98
Pineapple
119
•
Kidneys
76
Pomelo
117
Koumiss
97
Prevention of Intermar-
Kreosote
180
riages.
92
Prophylaxis
20
Lachesis
181
Pulsatilla.
205
Lemon.
117
Purification of Water
92
Lemonade
99
Pulque
99
Lime
117
Lungs
80
Quince
115
Lycopodium
183
Raw Meat Pulp
109
•
Malt Extracts .
102
Rain Water .
91
Malted Milk .
94
Melon.
118
Rectal Administration.
Respiration
130
82
•
Mercurius Sol.
186
Rice Water
100
•
Mercurius Protoiod.
189
River Water
91
Millefolium
191
Rhus Tox.
207
Milk.
93 Rumex Cris .
209
Mineral Water
92
Muriatic Acid .
191
Salts, Mineral .
64
INDEX.
233
Sanguinaria
211
Sputa
85
Silicia
213
Tar and Tar Water
226
Skin
78
Tartar Emetic
224
Skimmed Milk .
95
Thoracic Pain.
143
Shaddock
117
Toast Water
100
•
Solid Food
120
Transmission of Phthisis
15
Spring Water
91
Tubercular Bacillus
14
Stannum
216
Tubercle Chemistry
85
Stigmata Maidis
217
Strawberry
118
Valentine's Meat Juice
. 110
Soup
110
•
Sulphur
217
Water
73, 90, 127
Sulphuric Acid
223
Whey
95
Spongia
216
Wine Whey
96
234
MEDICAL WORKS.
A PHYSIOLOGICAL MATERIA MEDICA.-Com-
prising the Physiological Action of our Remedies,
their Characteristic Indications and their Phar-
macology. By W. H. BURT, M. D. Octavo.
Fourth edition. Cloth, $7.00; sheep, $8.00.
Dr. Burt has brought together in a compact and well-ar-
ranged form an immense amount of information. The profession
will fully appreciate the labor and skill with which the author has
presented the physiological and pathological action of each drug
on the organism.-New York Medical Times.
We are sure that Dr. Burt's new work will have deservedly a
rapid sale. Paper and printing leave nothing to be desired. May
the publishers never falter in such laudable work, and the eyes of
the readers will bless them forever.-Dr. Lilienthal, in North Amer-
ican Journal of Homœopathy.
An enthusiastic yearning for the whys and wherefores of our
wondrous Therapeutic art has brought Dr. Burt to the front again
among the best bookmakers of our time.-St. Louis Clinical
Review.
Dr. Burt has enriched our literature with many valuable con-
tributions, and the work before us gives proof of the value of his
well-directed labors.-Detroit Medical Observer.
We can recommend the book as full of interesting and profit-
able reading.-Hahnemannian Monthly.
Dr. Burt has the power of sifting the tares from the wheat.--
Chicago Medical Times.
We cordially recommend Dr. Burt's book.-New England
Medical Gazette.
Have just received Burt's Materia Medica. It is a work long
needed, and the printing and binding are a credit to the house.-
R. W. Nelson, M. D.
It is a key-stone of medical study, and the printing and bind-
ing are the very best.-G. H. Morrison, M. D.
The work is a credit to Chicago.-Medical Investigator.
CLINICAL COMPANION to "THE PHYSIOLOGICAL
MATERIA MEDICA." Being a Compendium of Dis-
eases, their Homeopathic and Accessory Treat-
ment, with Valuable Tables and Practical Hints
on Etiology, Pathology, Hygiene, etc. By W. H.
BURT, M. D. 252 pages. Illustrated. Price,
cloth, $2.50; flexible leather, $3.00.
For Sale by GROSS & DELBRIDGE,
48 Madison Street, CHICAGO.
Filmed by Preservation 1990

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