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Chemical Library
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5974:


}
A
DICTIONARY
OF
24953

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE.
A GUIDE FOR THE
PHARMACEUTIST, DRUGGIST, AND PHYSICIAN.
CONTAINING
CONCISE EXPLANATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS
OF PHARMACY, AND APPROPRIATE SELECTIONS OF
THE COLLATERAL SCIENCES,
FORMULE FOR OFFICINAL, EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS; SELECTIONS FROM THE PRE-
SCRIPTIONS OF THE MOST EMINENT PHYSICIANS OF EUROPE AND AMERICA; AN ALPHABET-
ICAL LIST OF DISEASES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS; AN ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS
MODES IN USE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, FOR INTERMENT OR
DISSECTION; TABLES OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS, WEIGHTS AND
MEASURES, DOSES, ANTIDOTES TO POISONS, ETC., ETC., AND
AS AN ITEM OF CURIOSITY, A FEW LEAVES FROM
A DISPENSATORY PUBLISHED IN THE
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
BY
H. V. SWERINGEN, M. D.,
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics Medical College of Fort Wayne, Indiana;
Member of the American Pharmaceutical Association.
PHILADELPHIA:
P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO.,
1012 WALNUT STREET.
1882.
Copyright, all rights reserved.
TO THE
American Pharmaceutical Association,
IN ADMIRATION OF ITS GRAND RECORD,
AND
IN APPRECIATION OF ITS INVALUABLE SERVICES IN THE PROMOTION OF THE
PRESENT EXALTED CONDITION OF THE SCIENCE OF PHARMACY,
THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY
Dedicated
BY
THE AUTHOR.
T
AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
THE idea of undertaking the present work was suggested by the diffi-
culty which has, in common with many pharmacists, frequently attended
my efforts to gain immediate information upon many of the innumerable
and varied topics of professional inquiry.
The many unsuccessful attempts to procure a work of the kind here
presented, induced me to believe that there is none extant, which fact, I
trust, will constitute a sufficient apology for its appearance, and will also,
to some extent, mitigate the severity of the scientific critic.
That the work partakes of the character of imperfection is readily
conceded; but that it will prove of great service to the pharmaceutical
student, apprentice, pharmacist, mercantile druggist, and physician, as a
book for ready reference, an aid to the study of the United States Dis-
pensatory, and to the more general comprehension of the scientific impor-
tance of pharmacy, perhaps none will dispute.
It is, and necessarily must be, to a great extent, a work of compilation,
and, in its preparation, I have freely availed myself of the very worthy
labors of Professors Wood and Bache, Dunglison, Parrish, Procter, Maisch,
Squibb, Copeland, Ure, Rodwell, Attfield, and other scientific authorities.
Derivation of words would seem to be the great object in the preparation
of a dictionary, but I regard it as a matter of secondary, and comparatively
very little, importance. It may be considered a matter rather curious than
useful-or perhaps useful because it is curious-because there is scarcely
an instance in which a knowledge of the original word can give us any
precise idea of the meaning of its derivative.
vi
AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
The meaning of almost every word includes several ideas, and, when
we borrow a word from another language, we scarcely ever use it to signify
just the same ideas denoted by its original. Hence it has come to pass
that use, and not derivation, is the law of language, and that a knowledge
of the original word too often leads the student to misunderstand and mis-
use its derivative of different meaning.
If the present edition of this work shall, to any reasonable extent, ac-
complish its purposes, the thought of having been of some service to my
fellow-pharmacists, and by them to mankind in general, will amply com-
pensate me for the arduous labor performed.
FORT WAYNE, INDIANA,
June, 1873.
H. V. S.
PART FIRST.
PHARMACEUTICAL DICTIONARY.
ERRAT A.
ÆTHEOGAMOUs, page 26, read, unusual instead of unused.
ANATROU, page 46, read, Anatron instead of Anatrou.
ARSENITE, page 62, read, A salt formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.
Carbonate of ZINC, page 104, read, Calamina instead of Calcinine.
CATHARTIN, page 110, read, "It must not be confounded with the 'Cathartin' once supposed to be the pur-
gative principle of Senna.”
CYCAS REVOLUTA, page 153, read, Japan Sago instead of Sage,
DROPS, page 165, read, fluid drachm instead of fluid ounce.
HERACLEUM GUMMIFERUM, page 212, read, ammoniac instead of ammoniæ.
LEGUMINOUS, page 244, read, peas, instead of pease.
SABADILLIC ACID, page 340, refer to Cevadic instead of Sevadic Acid.
PHARMACEUTICAL DICTIONARY.
A.
ABL.
A', āā.
From the Greek word ana, | Silver Fir or Balm of Gilead tree, inhab-
signify of each separately, or that the iting Canada, Nova Scotia, and Maine.
things mentioned should be taken in quan-
tities of the same weight or measure.
ААА. An abbreviation formerly used
in chemistry for amalgama or amalgama-
tion.
AAM. A measure of liquids among
the Dutch, varying in different cities from
thirty-seven to forty-one English wine.
gallons.
The juice, which exudes from incision
into its stem, constitutes Balsam of fir,
Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam.
ABIES CANADENSIS. (Pinus Canaden-
sis; Hemlock Spruce) A species of Abies
from which Canada pitch is produced.
ABIES COMMUNIS. See Abies Excelsa.
ABIES EXCELSA. (Abies Communis,
Pinus Abies, Norway Spruce, Spruce Fir.)
ABACA. A kind of flax in the Phil- A lofty tree of Europe and Asia. A spe-
ippine islands.
cies of Abies from which Burgundy pitch
is obtained.
ABANGA. The fruit of a kind of
palm-tree, whose seeds have been thought
useful in diseases of the chest.
ABDALAVI. The Egyptian melon.
ABELMOSCHUS MOSCHATUS. See
Abelmosk.
ABELMOSK. (Abelm schus Moscha-
tus, Hibiscus Abelmoschus.) A name of a
species of Hibiscus, or Syrian Mallow. The
plant rises on a herbaceous stalk, three
or four feet, sending out two or three side
branches. The seeds have a musky odor,
for which the Arabians mix them with
their coffee.
ABEL TREE. A name of the white
poplar (Populus alba.)
ABIES NIGRA. (Pinus Nigra, Black
Spruce.) A species of Abies which yields.
a product commonly employed in the
preparation of spruce beer,—a pleasant
and wholesome drink.
ABIES PECTINATA,
ABIES PICEA,
ABIES TAXIFOLIA.
The European
Silver Fir, grow-
ing in Europe,
yielding a product called Strasburg tur-
pentine, and a variety of oil of turpentine,
called in France Essence de Templine.
ABIETIC. Belonging to the fir tree
or its products, as abietic acid.
ABLATION. In chemistry, the re-
moval of whatever is finished or no longer
ABHAL. An East India fruit obtained necessary.
from a species of cypress.
ABLUENT. A medicine which thins,
ABIES BALSAMEA. (Abies Balsam- | purifies, or cleanses the blood.
ifera, Pinus Balsamea.) The American ABLUTION. The purification of
2
ABO
ACA
18
bodies by the effusion of a proper liquid, | law be true at all temperatures, at 272° C.
as water to dissolve salts.
no further contraction is possible, and
ABORTIVE. A medicine that has a hence no more heat could be abstracted,
tendency to produce abortion.
ABROACH. Broached; letting out or
yielding liquor, or in a posture for letting
out; as a cask is abroach.
ABROTANUM. (Southernwood.) A
species of evergreen plants of the genus
Artemisia.
ABSINTHE. A liquor much used in
France, consisting of alcohol mixed with
the volatile oil of wormwood and oil of
anise.
ABSINTHIATED. Impregnated with
wormwood.
ABSINTHIN.
of wormwood
ABSINTHISM.
The bitter principle
A disease which re-
sults from a continued use of absinthe.
ABSINTHIUM. (Artemisia Absinth-
ium.) The common wormwood.
ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL. Anhydrous
alcohol, or alcohol free from water.
in fact, the volume of a gas would cease
to exist. Hence, if we could continue to
withdraw heat until we reached 273° C.-
or 490° F.-below the freezing tempera-
ture of water, we should arrive at the
absolute zero, at which matter would be
lifeless and inert, and incapable of re-
sponding to, or assimilating, any form
of motion which, under other conditions,
would influence its molecules. We have
never been able to produce a degree of
cold approaching the absolute zero of
gaseous tension.
ABSORBENT. A medicine which ab-
sorbs and thus counteracts irritant and
poisonous substances.
ABSORPTION. The conversion of a
gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid by
union with any other substance.
ABSTERGENT. (Detergent, Abster-
sive.) A medicine which cleanses away
foulness.
ABSOLUTE ZERO OF TEMPERA-
TURE. When gases are heated they ABSTRACT. To separate the more
expandth of their volume for one de- volatile parts of a substance by distilla-
gree Fahrenheit, and d of their vol- tion.
273
ume for one degree Centigrade at zero.
1
It is supposed that, as heat increases
the elasticity of gases, it actually produces
that elasticity; that it is the motion we
call heat, associated with the molecules of
a gas, which causes the gas to exert pres-
sure; and as the molecules vibrate back-
wards and forwards, striking the sides of
the containing envelope, they produce
pressure which increases with the in-
crease of their own motion by additional
increments of heat.
The absolute zero of temperature is
the absolute zero of gaseous tension, at
which a gas, if it could then exist as such,
would possess no elastic force, exert no
pressure, and have no molecular motion
whatever.
As 1° C. of heat added increases the
elasticity of a gas byd of its volume,
and cach degree C. abstracted diminishes.
the volume by 3d, it is obvious that if the
ABUTA. A class of plants similar to
the Pareira Brava.
ACACIA. A genus of elegant trees
and shrubs with pinnated leaves.
ACACIA ADANSONII. A species of Aca-
cia said to contribute a portion of the
Senegal gum.
ACACIA ALBIDA. A species of Acacia
which produces the Brittle gum, Salabreda
or Sadra beida.
ACACIA ARABICA. (Acacia Nilotica.)
A species of Acacia growing in Upper and
Lower Egypt, Senegal, and other parts of
Africa, also in Arabia and Hindostan.
ACACIA CATECHU. A small tree, na-
tive of the East Indies, from the wood of
which gum catechu (formerly called Terra
japonica) is extracted.
ACACIA DECUrrens,
ACACIA FLORIBUNDA.
which the gum is obtained.
} Species of
ACA
ACE
19
A
ACACIA GUMMIFERA,
ACACIA EHRENBERGIANA,
Species of
Acacia, the
barks of
ACACIA SEYAL,
which and
ACACIA TORTILLIS,
ACACIA SENEGAL,
ACACIA NILOTICA,
their un-
ripe fruit
contain
ACERIDES. Plasters made without
wax.
ACERRA. A vessel in which incense
was burned by the ancient Romans.
ACESTUS. A factitious sort of Chry-
gallic and socolla made of Cyprian verdigris, urine,
and nitre.
tannic
acids.
ACACIA KARRoo,
ACACIA HORRIDA.
ACACIA NOstras. A preparation sub-
stituted for the Acacia veræ succus, ob-
tained by expression and inspissation from
the unripe fruit of the Prunus spinosa, or
wild plum tree.
ACACIA GUMMI,
ACACIA VERA.
the gum Arabic of commerce is obtained.
ACACIA VERECK, Species of Aca-
}
ACACIA NEbued. cia, the first afford-
ing a white gum; the latter a red.
Species of Acacia
from which most of
ACACIA VERE SUCCUs. An extract
formerly obtained from the immature
pods of Acacia Arabica and Acacia Vera,
by inspissation and expression. It is as-
tringent.
ACAULOUS. In botany, without the
stems, called Caulis, as the Carline thistle.
ACANTHACEÆ. A family of plants
to which belong the genera Lericographis
and Dipterocarpus.
ACANTHUS. The plant Bear's breech
or Brankursine; a genus of several species
receiving their name from their prickles.
ACAROID RESIN. A peculiar resin
which yields large quantities of paraoxy-
benzoic acid.
ACENAPTENE. One of the many
constituents of coal tar; it can also be pro-
duced artificially by the union of naphtha-
line and ethylene.
ACCIPENSER. A genus of fishes of
the order of Chondropterygii, having an
obtuse head; the mouth under the head,
retractile and without teeth. To this
genus belong the sturgeon, sterlet, huso,
&c., &c.
ACETA.
Vinegars.
ACETAL. A colorless liquid, having
an agreeable and refreshing odor, pre-
pared by the imperfect oxidation of alco-
hol by means of platinum black; or by
distillation with sulphuric acid and oxide
of manganese. Its formula is C6H1402;
its sp. gr. is 0.821; it boils at 105° C.-
221° F.--and does not alter by exposure to
air.
ACETARY. An acid pulpy substance
in certain fruits, as the pear, inclosed in
a congeries of small calculous bodies, to-
wards the base of the fruit.
ACETATE. A salt formed by the
union of acetic acid with any salifiable
base.
ACETATE OF ALUMINA. A salt ob-
tained by the combination of hydrated
alumina with acetic acid, or by reaction
between sulphate of alumina and acetate
of lead.
ACETATE OF AMMONIA. A solution of
acetate of ammonia is prepared by saturat-
ing diluted acetic acid with carbonate of
ammonia. It is called also Spts Mindereri.
ACETATE OF AMYL. A compound of
amylen and acetic acid. Said to possess
the power of preventing putrefaction in
vegetable substances.
ACETATE OF AMYLIC ETHER. A prepa-
ration made by distilling a mixture of one
part fusel oil, two of acetate of potassa,
and one of concentrated sulphuric acid.
An alcoholic solution of this ether forms
the essence of the jargonelle pear.
ACETATE OF COPPER. (Cupri Acetas,
ACERB. Sour, bitter; harsh to the Crystals of Venus.) A salt prepared by
taste. A quality of unripe fruit.
dissolving verdigris in acetic acid.
ACERIC. A name applied to the acid
obtained from the maple.
ACETATE OF LEAD. (Sugar of Lead,
Plumbi Acetas, Saccharum Saturni, Cerussa
ACER SACCHARINUM. The Sugar Acetata) A salt prepared from oxide of
Maple tree.
lead and acetic acid. It is a powerful as-
ACE
ACE
20
tringent and sedative; in overdoses an
irritant poison.
ACETIC EXTRACTS. Extracts prepared
with acetic acid as the menstruum.
ACETIFICATION. The act of mak-
ing acetous or sour; or the operation of
making vinegar.
ACETATE OF MAGNESIA. (Magnesia
Acetas.) A salt prepared by saturating
120 parts of carbonate of magnesia with
acetic acid, and evaporating to dryness. ACETIMETER. An instrument for
ACETATE OF MORPHIA. (Morphic ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or
Acetas.) Morphia freed from narcotina the proportion of acetic acid contained
by the action of ether, saturated with in it.
acetic acid, evaporated and crystallized;
usually it is obtained in the form of a
white powder, and deficient in the pro-
portion of the acid ingredient, so as to be
comparatively insoluble, in which case a
few drops of acetic acid to the liquid will
make a clear solution.
ACETATE OF POTASSA. (Diuretic Salt,
Potassa Acetas, Sal Diureticus) A salt
formed by saturating acetic acid with bi-
carbonate of potassa, filtering, and evap-
orating to dryness.
as
A salt formed
the acetate of
ACETATE OF QUINIA.
in the same manner
potassa.
ACETATE OF SODA. (Ferra Foliata Tar-
tari, Soda Acetas.) A salt prepared on a
large scale from crude pyroligneous acid.
ACETATE OF ZINC. (Zinci Acetas.) A
salt formed by the solution of acetate of
lead in water, to which, when filtered,
granulated zinc is added. It is then in due
time filtered, evaporated, and acidulated
with acetic acid, and left to crystallize.
ACETATED TINCTURE OF OPI-
UM. See Tincture.
ACETIC ACID. (Acidum Aceticum.)
An acid composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen, always in the same uniform
and definite proportions.
It exists in
vinegar in a diluted and impure state.
ACETIC ACID, DILUTED. Acetic acid,
one part; distilled water, seven parts.
ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL. (Radical Vin-
egar, Acidum Aceticum Glaciale) Con-
centrated acetic acid, having the specific
gravity of 1.065 to 1.066.
ACETONE. (Pyroacetic Ether, Pyro-
acetic Spirit.) A substance consisting of
three parts carbon, three hydrogen, and
one of oxygen, obtained by the careful
and repeated distillations of lime.
ACETOUS, Sour; acid.
}
ACETOSE.
ACETOSELLA. (Wood Sorrel, Ox-
alis Acetosella.) A small perennial, stem-
less plant, from which is obtained the
binoxalate of potassa or salt of sorrel or
essential salt of lemons. It is poisonous,
and is used like the uncombined oxalic
acid, for removing ink-stains, &c., from
linen; also as a test for lime.
A
ACETOUS FERMENTATION.
fermentation which may be induced in
all liquors which have undergone or are
susceptible of the vinous fermentation. A
cryptogam of the genus Mycoderma, com-
monly called the mother, makes its ap-
pearance during acetous fermentation,
and is essential to the process.
ACETUM. (Vinegar.) A sour liquor
obtained from vegetables. See Acetous
Fermentation.
ACETUM BRITANNICUM. (British Vin-
egar.) Malt vinegar, the strongest kind
of which, called proof vinegar, contains
from four to five per cent. of acetic acid.
ACETUM DESTILLATUM. (Distilled Vin-
egar.) Vinegar distilled by means of a
sandbath from a glass retort into a glass
receiver. It may be substituted for diluted
acetic acid in many cases.
ACETUM GALLICUM. (Wine Vinegar.)
ACETUM OPII. (Vinegar of Opium,
Black Drop.)
ACETYLINE. A gaseous hydro-
It is a
2'
ACETIC ETHER. (Ether Aceticus.) An
ether formed by the distillation of a mix-carbon, of the composition C₂H₂.
ture of alcohol with concentrated acetic constituent of coal gas, and may be formed
acid and strong sulphuric acid.
by the direct union of carbon and hydro-
+
ACH
ACI
21
gen at the high temperature of the elec- acid gradually to a pint of alcohol, and
tric spark. It is a colorless gas, slightly set aside to cool; then mix an ounce of
soluble in water, burning with a bright, ginger and an ounce and a half of cinna-
smoky flame. Its sp. gr. is 0.92. When mon, each in coarse powder, and percolate
passed into ammoniacal solutions, con- them with diluted alcohol until a pint of
taining copper or silver, it unites with tincture is obtained, which mix with the
these metals, forming insoluble acetylides, acid mixture.
which when dry explode violently on the
application of heat.
ACHENE. A small, bony fruit, con-
sisting of a single seed, which neither
adheres to the pericarp nor opens when
ripe.
ACHILLEA. (Yarrow, Milfoil.) The
herb and flowers of Achillea millefolium, a
perennial herb growing in this country,
possessing mild aromatic, tonic, and as-
tringent properties.
ACID, ARSENIC. (Acidum Arsenicum.)
An acid obtained by distilling a mixture
of twelve parts of nitric and one of muri-
atic acid off from four parts of arsenious
acid, and evaporated at a moderate heat.
It has similar effects to those of arsenious
acid, but is more poisonous. The dose is
the twentieth of a grain
ACID, ARSENIOUS. (Acidum Arsenio-
sum, Arsenicum Album, White Arsenic.)
An anhydrous acid obtained by subliming
masses of arsenious acid or its ores.
ACID, BENZOIC. (Acidum Benzoicum.)
A crystalline acid obtained from benzoin
by sublimation. It consists of benzyl and
ACHILLEA MOSCHATA, Linn. A spe-
cies of Achillea containing a volatile oil,
resembling oil of peppermint in taste,
having the composition C8H10O4. Also,
a yellow substance of the consistence oxygen.
of Venice turpentine, called Ivain
CH2O. Achilleina, an amorphous al-
kaloid, very hygroscopic, of a peculiar
odor and bitter taste, having the compo-
sition C10H3N2030; and Moschatina, of
the composition C₁₂HNO1, having an
aromatic, bitter taste.
48 42
-38-
42
ACID, CARbolic. (Acidum Carboli-
cum, Phenic Acid, Phenylic Acid, Phenol,
Hydrated Oxide of Phenyl, Phenylic Alco-
hol.) An acid obtained from coal-tar by
distillation and purification. It is a splen-
did disinfectant; but its claims to be con-
sidered as an acid are feeble, because,
ACHILLEIC ACID. An acid ob- though it combines with bases, it does not
tained from the above.
neutralize the alkalies nor affect the color
ACHILLEINA. Sce Achillea Mos- of litmus.
chata.
ACHIOTE. The annotta tree.
ACID. (Acidum.) A compound capa-
ble of uniting with salifiable bases, and
thereby forming salts. An acid may be
composed either of a simple or a com-
pound acidifiable base, united with one or
more acidifying principles. Those acids.
which were first discovered were sour to
the taste (hence the name) and capable of
reddening blue vegetable colors. Many
acids are now known which possess
neither of these properties. An acid is
always the electro-negative ingredient of
a salt.
ACID, CHLOROHYDRIC. (Muriatic Acid,
Spirit of Sea Salt, Marine Acid, Hydro-
chloric Acid, Acidum Muriaticum, Hydro-
chloricum or Chlorohydricum.) An acid
obtained by the solution of muriatic acid
gas in water, and other methods. It is
tonic, refrigerant, and antiseptic.
ACID, CHROMIC. (Acidum Chromicum.)
An acid obtained by mixing one hundred
parts of a cold saturated solution of bi-
chromate of potassa with one hundred
and fifty parts of sulphuric acid, and
allowing the mixture to cool. The sul-
phuric acid unites with the potassa and
sets free the chromic acid, which is depos-
ACID, AROMATIC SULPHURIC. (Elixirited in crystals. Used as an escharotic only.
of Vitriol, Acidum Aromaticum Sulphur- ACID, CITRIC. (Acidum Citricum,
icum.) Add six troy ounces of sulphuric Acidum Limonis.) An acid which con-
ACI
ACI
22
other fruits.
stitutes the sourness of lemons, limes, and i tilled water, two troy ounces of sulphuric
acid, filter, and add sufficient distilled
ACID, CRUDE PYROLIGNEOUS. Impure water to make the diluted acid measure a
acetic acid, obtained by the destructive pint.
distillation of wood.
ACID, CYANOHYDRIC. (Medicinal Hy-
drocyanic Acid, Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid,
Prussic Acid, Acidum Hydrocyanicum.)
A very poisonous acid, obtained from
various sources and by several processes,
one of which is by the reaction of tartaric
acid on cyanide of potassium in solution.
ACID, HYDRIODIC, DILUTED. (Diluted
Hydriodic Acid.) An acid prepared by
passing hydrosulphuric acid, or sulphur-
etted hydrogen, through water in which
iodine is suspended. In its pure state
hydriodic acid is in the form of a gas, and
has an odor like that of muriatic acid. It
has a strong affinity for water, which,
when saturated with it, forms the above
diluted acid.
ACID, HYDROCHLORIC, DILUTED. (Di-
luted Muriatic Acid, Acidum Hydrochlor-
icum Dilutum.) R. Muriatic acid, four
troy ounces; distilled water, q. s. to make
a pint. M.
ACID, NITRIC, DILUTED. R. Nitric
acid, three troy ounces; distilled water,
q. s. to make a pint.
M.
Mix
ACID, GALLIC. (Acidum Gallicum.)
An acid obtained from nutgalls. It is a
valuable astringent.
ACID, GLACIAL PHOSPHORIC. (Mono-
hydrated Phosphoric Acid, Phosphate of
Water, Metaphosphoric Acid, Monobasic
Phosphoric Acid.) An acid obtained from
calcined bones. It is chiefly prepared in
Germany.
ACID, HYDROCHLORIC.
rohydric.
See Acid Chlo-
ANHYDROus.
ACID, HYDROCYANIC
(Anhydrous Prussic Acid.) Hydrocyanic
acid, perfectly free from water, and con-
sisting of one equivalent of cyanogen and
one of hydrogen. It is one of the most
deadly poisons known.
ACID INFUSION OF ROSES. (Compound
Infusion of Roses, Infusum Rosa Acid-
um.) R. Red rose, half a troy ounce; di-
luted sulphuric acid, three fluid drachms;
sugar, a troy ounce and a half; water, q. s.
Proceed in the manner directed for infu-
sions.
ACID, LACTIC. An acid obtained from
sour milk.
ACID, MURIATIC. See Acid, Chloro-
hydric.
ACID, NITROHYDROCHLORIC, Diluted.
(Diluted Nitromuriatic Acid.) R. Nitric
acid, a troy ounce and a half; muriatic ACID NITRATE OF MERCURY. (Liquor
acid, two troy ounces and a half. Hydrargyri Nitratis Acidus, Acid Solu-
the acids in a pint bottle, agitate occa- tion of Nitrate of Mercury.) R. Dissolve
sionally for twenty-four hours, then add three troy ounces of mercury by gentle
enough distilled water to make the diluted heat in five troy ounces of nitric acid pre-
acid measure a pint, and keep in a cool viously mixed with six fluid drachms of
place.
distilled water. When vapors cease to
ACID, PHOSPHORIC, DILUTED. (Acidum | arise, evaporate to seven troy ounces and
Phosphoricum Dilutum.) Dissolve a troy a half, and keep in well-stopped bottles.
ounce of glacial or strong phosphoric acid
in three fluid ounces of distilled water;
add forty grains of nitric acid, and boil
until reduced to a syrupy liquid, free
from the odor of nitric acid; then add
sufficient distilled water to make the
diluted acid measure twelve ounces and a
half.
ACID, SULPHURIC, DILUTED. R. Add
gradually to fourteen fluid ounces of dis-
ACID, NITRIC. (Acidum Nitricum,
Spirit of Nitre, Aqua Fortis, Quadrihy-
drated Nitric Acid, Acid Azotique.) An
acid obtained from saltpetre or nitrate
of potassa by distillation with sulphuric
acid. Its specific gravity is 1.42, and is
one of the five compounds formed between
nitrogen and oxygen.
ACID, NITROMURIATIC. (Acidum Nitro-
hydrochloricum.) R. Nitric acid, three
ACI
ACO
23
troy ounces; muriatic acid, five troy ounces. | the bark and fruit of Viburnun opulus, the
Mix gradually, and when effervescence sap-wood of the European elder (Sambu-
has ceased, keep in a well-stopped bottle cus nigra), and from various organic pro-
in a dark, cool place.
ducts.
ACID, PHOSPHORIC. See Acid, Glacial
Phosphoric.
ACID, PRUSSIC. See Acid, Cyanohydric.
ACID, PYRETIN. (Fuligo Ligni.) An
acetic acid obtained from soot.
ACID, PYROLIGNEOUS. A crude acid,
from which acetic acid is usually obtained.
It is useful as a substitute for carbolic acid
in external applications as a disinfectant.
ACID SOLUTION OF NITRATE OF MER-
CURY. See Acid Nitrate of Mercury.
ACID, SULPHURIC. (Oil of Vitriol, Sul-
phate of Water, Vitriolic Acid, Acidum Sul-
phuricum.) An acid obtained by burning
sulphur, mixed with one-eighth of its
weight of nitre, over a stratum of water
contained in a chamber lined with sheet
lead.
ACID, SULPHUROUS. (Acidum Sulphur-
osum.) A sulphuric acid, containing only
two-thirds as much oxygen as the officinal
sulphuric acid. It is, when officinal,
nearly a saturated solution of sulphurous
acid gas.
ACID, TANNIC (Tannin, Acidum Tanni-
cum.) An acid obtained from nutgalls.
It is a valuable astringent.
ACID, TARTARIC. (Acidum Tartaricum.)
An acid prepared from the acid tartrate
of potash by saturating the excess of acid
in bitartrate of potassa with carbonate of
lime, and decomposing the resulting in-
soluble tartrate of lime by sulphuric acid,
which precipitates in combination with
the lime, and liberates the tartaric acid.
ACID TARTRATE OF POTASH. (Potassæ
Bitartras, Potassæ Tartras Acida, Super-
tartrate of Putassa, Crystals of Tartar,
Cream of Tartar.) An acidulated tartrate
of potash obtained from a crystalline crust,
called crude tartar or argol, which is de-
posited in wine casks during the vinous
fermentation.
ACID, VALERIANIC. (Valeric Acid.)
An acid obtained from the oil of valerian,
which unites with salifiable bases forming
soluble salts. It is also prepared from
ACIDA. (Acids.)
ACIDUM. (Acid.)
ACIDUM OXALICUM. (Oxalic Acid.) An
acid found both in animals and vegetables.
It is usually prepared by decomposing
sugar by nitric acid. It is used exten-
sively for cleaning purposes, and is poison-
ous.
ACIDUM SUCCINICUM. (Succinic Acid.)
An acid obtained by the distillation of
amber. Not much in use.
ACIDIFERous. Containing acids,
or an acid. Acidiferous minerals are those
which consist of an earth combined with
an acid, as carbonate of lime, &c.
ACIDIFIABLE. Capable of being
converted into an acid.
ACIDIFIER. A simple or compound
principle, whose presence is necessary for
acidity. The elementary acidifying prin-
ciples are oxygen, chlorine, bromine,
iodine, fluorine, sulphur, selenium, and
tellurium. Cyanogen may be named as
an example of a compound acidifying
principle. No acid is known which does
not contain one of those principles.
ACIDIFY. To make acid.
ACIDIMETER. An instrument for
ascertaining the strength of acids.
ACIDITY. The quality of being sour,
acid, tart; sharpness to the taste.
ACIDULE. Medicinal springs im-
pregnated with carbonic acid.
ACIDULATE. To tinge with an acid.
ACIDULE,
A salt in which the
ACIDULUM. acid is in excess.
ACIDULOUS.
acid.
}
Slightly sour; sub-
ACIPENSER HUSO, )
ACIPENSER RUTHENUS,
ACIPENSER STELLATUS,
ACIPENSER STURIO.
procured.
Varieties
of sturgeon
from which
isinglass is
ACMITE. A mineral.
ACOLOGY. The doctrine of reme-
dies, or the nature of medicines.
ACO
ADA
24
ACOLYTIN. An alkaloid obtained
from the Aconitum lycoctonum.
ACONELLA. An alkaloid obtained
from aconite, which bears a close resem-
blance to narcotina.
ACONITE. The herb Aconitum na-
pellus, wolfsbane, or monkshood, of which
there are many varieties. It is a very
poisonous plant, possessing powerful nar-
cotic properties, which reside principally
in the root.
ACONITIA, The active principle
ACONITIN. of aconite. It is acrid,
alkaline, and capable of producing a pow-
erful narcotic influence.
}
ACONITIC ACID. A peculiar
discovered in aconite by Peschier.
ACONITUM ANTHORA,
ACONITUM CAMMARUM,
ACONITUM FEROX,
ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM,
ACONITUM JAPONICUM,
ACONITUM LYCOCTONUM,
ACONITUM NApellus,
ACONITUM NEOMONTANUM,
ACONITUM NEUBURGENSE,
ACONITUM PANICULATUM,
ACONITUM RECLINATUM,
ACONITUM SINENSE,
ACONITUM STORCKIANUM,
ACONITUM TAURICUM,
ACONITUM UNCINATUM.
ACORIN. A glucoside obtained
calamus rhizomes.
acid
aconitia than the other species.
Aconitum ferox yields more of the
Species of aconitum or aconite. The root of
alkaloid
ACRID LETTUCE. (Lactuca Virosa.)
The supposed parent of all the cultivated
plants of lactucarium.
ACRIMONY. A quality of bodies
which corrodes, dissolves, or destroys
others.
ACROLEIN. A limpid, colorless liq-
uid, obtained by the dehydration of glyc-
erin. Its vapors are hot and suffocat-
ing.
ACRYLIC ACID. An acid produced
by the oxidation of acrolein, composed of
CH4O4.
ACTINISM. That power in the sun's
rays by which chemical changes are pro-
duced.
ACTINO-CHEMISTRY. Chemistry
in its relation to actinism.
АСТМА SPICATA. (Baneberry,
Herb Christopher.) A European plant
possessing purgative and emetic proper-
ties, and in overdoses capable of pro-
ducing dangerous effects upon the human
system.
}
ACTÆA ALBA, Varieties of the
ACTEA RUBRA. American species of
Actæa spicata, called white and red cohosh.
ACTEA AMERICANA. A species of Ac-
tæa possessing properties similar to those
of Actæa spicata.
ACTEA RACEMOSA. (Black Snakeroot,
Macrotys Racemosa, Black Cohosh, Cimi-
cifuga.) The root of Cimicifuga racemosa,
from said to be useful in chorea, rheumatism,
convulsions, &c.
ACULEATE.
ACORUS CALAMUS. (Sweet Flag,
Acorus Odorant.) The rhizoma of acorus
calamus. It is an agreeable aromatic and
stomachic.
ACRASY. An excess or predominance
of one quality above another in a mix-
ture.
ACRID. Sharp, pungent, sour, and
biting to the taste; abounding with acri-
mony, as acrid salts.
A colorless, crystal-
sharp points.
Having prickles or
ACULEI. Prickles.
ACUTENESS. Violence of a disease,
which brings it speedily to a crisis.
ADAM'S APPLE. A species of cit-
ron; also the prominent part of the
throat.
ADANSONIA DIGITATA.
(Bao-
ACRIDINline organic base of the which is said to produce an increase of
bab.) A large tree in Africa, the bark of
ACRIDINE.
12 9
formula C₁₂H,N, possessing violent irri- appetite and of perspiration.
tating and acrid properties. It accom- ADANTHERIA PAVONIA. A plant
panies anthracene, the hydrocarbon from | abounding in India and tropical South
which artificial alizarine is obtained. America, the seeds of which are used by
ADA
ADU
25
the natives for weights, and also for orna-
ments, being of a beautiful red color.
ADAPTER. A glass tube, open at
both ends, placed between a retort and a
receiver, to give more space to elastic
vapors.
ADARCE. A saltish concretion on
reeds and grass in marshy grounds in
Galatia. It is lax and porous, like bas-
tard sponge, and used to clear the skin
in leprosy, tetters, &c.
does neither harm nor good. It is a ques-
tion whether there are any such medicines.
AD INDEFINITUM. To any indefi-
nite extent.
AD INFINITUM. To endless extent.
AD INTERIM. In the meantime.
ADIPOCERE. A soft unctuous or
waxy substance, of a light brown color,
into which the muscular fibres of dead
animal bodies are converted by long im-
mersion in water or spirit, or by burial in
ADCORPORATE. To unite one body moist places under peculiar circumstances.
with another.
This substance was discovered by Four-
ADDENDUM. A thing or things to croy in the burying-ground of the church
be added.
ADEPS. Animal fat; lard.
ADEPS PREPARATUS. (Axungia.) The
purified fat of the hog.
ADDER'S-GRASS.
which serpents lurk.
A plant about
ADDER'S-TOngue. A genus of ferns
whose seeds are produced on a spike re-
sembling a serpent's tongue.
ADDER'S-WORT. Snakeweed; so called
from its supposed virtue in curing the
bite of serpents.
ADENOS. A species of cotton from
Aleppo, called also, marine cotton.
AD FINEM. To the end.
Des Innocens, when it was removed in
1787.
ADJUTAGE. A tube through which
the water of a fountain is discharged.
ADJUVANT. A substance added to
a prescription to aid the operation of the
principal ingredient or basis.
AD LIBITUM. At pleasure; without
restriction.
ADMIXTION. A mingling of bodies;
a union by mixing different substances
together. It differs from composition or
chemical combination; for admixtion does
not alter the nature of the substances
mixed, but merely blends them together;
ADHESIVE. Apt or tending to ad- whereas in composition the particles unite
here.
by affinity, lose their former properties,
ADHESIVE PLASTER. See Emplastrum and form new compounds with different
Adhesivum.
properties.
ADIANTUM CAPILLUS VENE-
RIS. A European species of maidenhair,
or Adiantum pedatum.
ADIANTUM EXCISUM. A fern used as
an emmenagogue and a pectoral in Chili.
The whole plant is employed, generally
mixed with honey. By the name of Cu-
lantrillo a number of species of Adiantum
are used in Chilian pharmacy.
ADMIXTURE. A substance mixed
with another; sometimes the act of mix-
ture or the state of being mixed. We
say the admixture of tannin and alum, or
the admixture of different bodies.
ADOSCULATION. The impregna-
tion of plants by the falling of the farina
on the pistil. The insertion of one part
of a plant into another.
ADULARIA. A term applied to the
semi-transparent varieties of albite and
felspar. Its color is white, or with a tinge
of green, yellow, or red.
ADIANTUM PEDATUM. (Maidenhair.)
A fern, the leaves of which are bitter and
aromatic. Said to be useful in chronic
catarrh. The name of maidenhair has
also been given to Asplenium tricomanes,
of which there is another species, called
Asplenium adiantum nigrum or black spleen-terations of opium: Macedonian with clay,
wort.
ADIAPHOROUS.
ADULTERATED OPIUM. Dr. C.
Finckle has met with the following adul-
Angora with pieces of wax, Amasia with
A medicine that cherry gum, Taushanly with extract of
ADU
AFF
26
licorice, and Balukhissar mixed into a | phuric acid, distilled into a receiver. It
homogeneous mass with fused colopho- is seldom used in medicine.
nium. He has also met with an adultera- ETHER FORTIOR. (Stronger Ether,
tion consisting of cakes shaped like opium, | Pure Ether.) Pure ether has a sp. gr. of
which were composed evidently of clay
and cow-dung.
0713: When kept too long it is converted
in part to acetic acid.
ÆTHER HYDRIODICUS. (Iodide of Ethyl,
Hydriodic Ether.) An ether prepared by
gradually mixing alcohol, iodine, and
phosphorus together, and distilling.
ADULTERATION. The act of adul-
terating or the state of being adulterated,
corrupted, or debased by foreign mixture.
The adulteration of drugs and medicines
is carried on in this country to an alarm-
ing extent. It is a crime the magnitude
of which can only be measured by the loss
of life and health arising from the use of
impure medicine. This enormous evil
will never be overcome until our legisla-
tors subject our manufacturers and whole-
sale dealers to the most rigid laws.
ADVECTITIOUS. Brought from an- An ether formed by distilling a mixture
other place; imported; foreign.
ÆGLE MARMELOS. (Belæ Fructus,
Bael Fruit, Bengal Quince.) The dried
half-ripe fruit of Egle marmelos. It is
said to be astringent.
AERATED. Combined with carbonic
acid, as aerated mineral waters; changed
by the agency of the air, as substances
which are converted from a liquid or solid
state into gas or an elastic vapor.
AEROPHYTE. A plant that lives
exclusively in air, in distinction from a
Hydrophyte.
ÆRUGINOUS. Partaking of copper
rust or verdigris.
ÆRUGO. (Cupri Subacetatis, Verdi-
gris, Subacetate of Copper.)
ÆSCHYNITE. A black or dark
brownish-yellow ore from the Ural Moun-
tains. It contains titanium, zirconium,
and cerium.
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
The horse chestnut, the fruit and bark of
which have been used in medicine,
ÆTHEOGAMOUS. A term applied
to cryptogamic plants, founded on the
opinion that their mode of propagation is
not hidden, but only unused.
ÆTHER. See Ether.
ETHER ACETICUS. (Acetic Ether.) An
ether made by the mixture of alcohol with
concentrated acetic acid and strong sul-
ÆTHER HYDROCYANICUS. (Cyanide of
Ethyl, Cyanuret of Ethyl, Hydrocyanic
Ether, Hydrocyanate of Ethylen.) An
ether formed by distilling a mixture of
sulphovinate of baryta and cyanide of
potassium. It is very poisonous.
ÆTHER MURIATICUS. (Muriatic Ether,
Muriate of Ethylen, Chloride of Ethyl.)
of equal parts of concentrated muriatic
acid and alcohol. A diffusible stimulant.
ETHER PURUS. See Æther Fortior.
ETHER SULPHURICUS. See Ether.
ETHEREA. (Ethers.)
ETHIOPS MINERAL. Mercury
triturated with sulphur till it assumes a
black color.
ETHIOPS VEGETABILIS. (Vege-
table Ethiops.) A name applied to the
charcoal obtained by the exposure to heat
in a closed vessel of Fucus vesiculosus, or
Sea-wrack, or Bladder-wrack, a seaweed.
ETIOLOGY. The science of the causes
of disease.
AFFINITY. The tendency of different
kinds of matter to unite. Although it is
customary in modern chemistry to object
to the term on the ground that, in ordi-
nary non-technical language, it means
"resemblance;" whereas bodies that least
resemble each other—such as copper and
sulphur, iodine and phosphorus-unite
with the greatest energy, while bodies that
most resemble each other-such as chlorine,
bromine, and iodine-have but little chem-
ical affinity for each other. But the word
affinity also means "relationship" and
"ties of family," and it is in this sense
that the metaphor is properly used in
chemistry, indicating not a
blance," but "a disposition to unite." In
resem-
AFR
AGA
27
this sense the term was first brought into canna (Canna speciosa); it closely resem-
use by Boerhaave as early as 1732. Others bles the East Indian turmeric. See Tur-
give the credit to Geoffroy, who published meric.
his Tables of Affinity in 1718.
Affinity is exerted within incommen-
surable limits, amounting to what is pop-
ularly called "contact." Tartaric acid
and carbonate of soda exert no action if
mixed together in the form of dry pow-
ders; but by the addition of water they
enter into solution, and thus exercise that
close adhesion which insures energetic
chemical action.
AFFUSE. To pour upon; to sprinkle,
as with a liquid.
AGALLOCHUM. A very soft resin-
ous wood, of a highly aromatic odor,
brought from the East Indies, and burnt
as a perfume, &c. It has sometimes been
called aloes-wood, but has no connection
with the common aloe.
AGAR-AGAR. A term applied to a
seaweed or a species of Fucus gathered on
the rocky coast of the East India Islands.
It contains an abundance of gelatinous
matter, and is used in China for making
jellies, and as a size for stiffening silks.
AGAMOUS. Having no visible organs
of fructification. A term applied to cryp-
Affinity produces an entire change in togamic plants, because they have no dis-
the properties of the bodies brought toge-tinct sexual organs, or to those inferior
ther, thereby distinguishing affinity from groups of cryptogamic plants in which
mechanical action. Thus, magnesia mixed there is nothing analogous to those organs,
with water produces scarcely any chemical as the fungi, lichens, and confervæ.
change, for, by passing through a filter,
nearly the whole of the magnesia can be
separated; but if to the mixture a little
sulphuric acid be added, a true chemical
combination takes place by virtue of the
affinity existing between magnesia and
dilute sulphuric acid. We get a new
compound, with properties different from
those of the components. The acid is sour
and caustic, the magnesia is insipid and
alkaline; but the compound is bitter,
forming the well-known Epsom salts. In
the exercise of affinity there is no destruc-
tion of matter. There is often change of
state, as from the solid to the liquid or
gaseous, and the gases may escape unno-
ticed by the unskilled eye; but the chemist
knows how to collect and account for all
results of chemical change.
AFRICAN BLACK PEPPER. See mon mushrooms, some of which are valued
Pepper.
as articles of food, while others are consid-
ered poisonous.
AFRICAN CUBEBS. A variety of cubebs
from French Africa. The plant which
produces it belongs to the Xanthoxylaceæ.
It is stimulant and aromatic, but does not
possess the special virtues of cubebs.
AFRICAN KINO. See Kino.
AFRICAN LEECHES. See Sanguisuga
Interrupta.
AFRICAN SUGAR-CANE. (Imphee.) A
sugar-cane cultivated in Africa; a variety
of sorghum.
AFRICAN TURMERIC. A species of
AGARIC (1). This term has been ap-
plied to two species of fungi belonging to
the Linnæan order, or genus Boletus;
that of the larch (B. laricis) called also
Male Agaric, and that of the oak (B. igni-
arius) called also Female Agaric and Touch-
wood, from its readiness to take fire. The
former has been used as a cathartic; the
latter as a styptic, also for tinder, and in
dyeing.
AGARIC (2). The name of a genus of
fungi (L. agaraicus) containing numerous
species, including many of the most com-
AGARIC MINERAL. A light chalky de-
posit of carbonate of lime. It rubs to a
powder between the fingers; it forms in
caverns or fissures of limestone. In com-
position it is identical with chalk. It has
been used as an astringent in flux, and as
a styptic in hemorrhages.
AGARIC OF THE OAK. See Agaric (1).
AGARIC PURGING. (Boletus Laricis,
White Agaric.) See Agaric (1).
AGARIC CAMPESTRIS. See Agaric (2).
AGA
AIZ
28
AGARICIN. A peculiar concrete fatty
substance, analogous to cholesterin, ob-
tained from mushrooms or fungi.
AGATHIS DAMARRA. (Pinus Da-
marra.) A species of turpentine grown
in the East India Islands, producing the
damar turpentine of commerce.
AGRIMONY. A genus of plants of
several species. Of these, the Eupatoria,
or Common Agrimony, and the Odorata,
or Sweet-scented, are the most useful. It
is said to be a mild astringent and stom-
achic.
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA. (Com-
mon Agrimony.) See Agrimony.
AGATHOSMA. A plant similar to
Buchu, gathered by the Hottentots, the AGROSTEMMA. A genus of plants
leaves of which they value for their odor. of several species, containing the Com-
AGATHOTES CHIRAYTA. (Gen-mon Corn Cockle, Wild Lychnis or Cam-
tiana Chirayta, Chiretta, Ophelia Chirayta.)
The Chiretta plant of the natural order
Gentianacea. It is an annual plant, three
feet high, and a native of India. It is a
tonic, possessing properties like those of
the other members of the family of gen-
tians.
AGAVE. The American aloe. It
rises twenty feet, and its branches form a
sort of pyramid at the top. It is called
also Maguey, American Agave, &c., &c.
AGAVE PULQUE. A species of Agave
which yields a very bitter, viscid, and as-
tringent juice.
AGAVE VIRGINICA. A species of Agave
growing in South Carolina, and called
rattlesnake's master. It has a very bitter
root, which is used as an antidote to the
bite of serpents.
AGEDOITE. A crystalline principle
identical with Asparagin, obtained from
licorice root.
AGGLUTINANT. Any viscous sub-
stance which unites other substances by
causing an adhesion; any application
which tends to unite parts which have too
little adhesion.
AGTIGT, }
AGLET, | The pendant at the ends
AIGLET. S of the chives of flowers, as
in the rose and tulip.
AGNUS CASTUS. A species of Vi-
tex, so called from its imagined virtue of
preserving chastity. The Athenian ladies
reposed on the leaves of this plant at the
feast of Ceres.
AGNUS SCYTHICUS. A term applied to
the roots of a species of Fern (Aspidium
Barometz), covered with brown woolly
scales, and resembling a lamb in shape.
It is found in Russia and Tartary.
pion, &c., &c.
AGROSTIS.
many species.
Bent-grass; a genus of
AGROSTOLOGY. That part of Bot-
any which relates to the grasses.
AGUE DROP. A solution of the arsen-
ite of potassa.
AGUE TREE. A term at one time ap-
plied to the Sassafras, on account of its
supposed febrifuge qualities.
AGUL. A thorny shrub of Persia and
Mesopotamia (the Hedysarum alhagi),
which affords a kind of manna.
AHOUAI. A name of a species of
Cerebra. Its fruit is a plum or drupe, the
kernels of which are very poisonous.
AIAIA. A name of a species of Pla-
talea or Spoonbill; called also the Roseate
Spoonbill.
AIKRAW. A name of a species of
lichen or moss.
AILANTHUS EXCELSA. (Indian
Ailanthus.) A tree, the bark of which
resembles in its medical properties that of
the officinal Picræna excelsa, or Jamaica
Quassia Tree.
AILANTHUS GLANDULosa. A tree be-
longing to the natural order of Rutaceæ,
Juss., Xanthoxylaceæ. Its bark is said to
possess anthelmintic properties.
AILANTHIC ACID. An inodorous,
deliquescent, bitter acid, obtained from
the bark of the Ailanthus excelsa, Roxb.
AIR-SLACKED. Slacked or pulver-
ized by exposure to the air.
A
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE WATER.
mineral water containing sulphuretted
hydrogen, carbonate of soda, carbonate of
lime, and chloride of sodium.
ΑΙΖΘΟΝ. A genus of plants called
ᎪᎫᎪ
ALC
29
Sempervive. The name has by some
writers been applied to the house-leek and
to the aloes.
AJAVA. The seed of a plant brought
from Malabar; said to be an excellent car-
minative.
AJUGA CHAMÆPITYS. (Ground
Pine, Chamaepitys.) A species of Ajuga,
the leaves of which are said to be stimu-
lant, diuretic, and aperient; they bear
some resemblance to those of the pine in
shape, have a strong resinous odor and a
bitter taste. They yield by distillation a
small portion of volatile oil similar to that
of turpentine. Ajuga reptens, or Common
Bugle, and Ajuga pyramidalis have also
been used in medicine as mild astringents
and tonics.
See Ajuga
Chamæpitys.
A tube fitted to the
AJUGA REPTANS,
AJUGA PYRAMIDALIS.
AJUTAGE,
ADJUTAGE. S mouth of a vessel,
through which the water of a fountain
is to be played.
}
AKASGIA. (Icajou, Boundou.) The
native names of an ordeal poison, used in
Africa, from the use of which, it is said,
thousands of persons die annually. The
precise botanical character of the plant is
not known. The active principle of the
plant has been extracted, and is called
akazgia. The properties of the plant are
very similar to those of nux vomica.
or
AKAZGIA. See Akasgia.
ALANTIN. An amylaceous
starchy substance extracted from the root
of the Angelica archangelica. It is identi-
cal with inulin.
ALABASTER. A compound variety
of sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine
texture, and usually white and semi-pel-
lucid, but sometimes yellow, red, or gray.
The name is sometimes applied to a com-
pact variety of carbonate of lime.
ALALITE. A bright green variety
of pyroxene in prisms; obtained first
near the village of Ala, in Piedmont.
ALATERNUS. A name of a species
of rhamnus or buckthorn.
ALBESCENT. Becoming white.
an opaque white color, from Aussig, in
Bohemia.
ALBIZIA ANTHELMINTICA. A
name applied to an Abyssinian tree, the
bark of which, called mesenna, musenna,
or bisenna, is said to possess anthelmintic
properties.
ALBUMEN. A substance which
forms a constituent part of both the ani-
mal fluids and solids, and which exists
nearly pure in the white of an egg. A
substance possessing the same or similar
properties occurs as a proximate principle
in vegetables. In Botany, a substance
interposed between the embryo and integ-
ument of the seed in some plants. It
forms the bulk of the seed in corn, coffee,
the cocoanut, and the cacas.
ALBUMEN OVI. The white of an egg.
An antidote to corrosive sublimate.
ALBUMEN, VEGETABLE. An albumen
identical with animal albumen, found in
many vegetables. The gluten of vege-
tables is also identical with the fibrin of
animals.
ALBUMINATES.
Preparations in
the composition of which albumen enters
largely.
ALBUMINATE OF IRON. A preparation
made by dissolving the freshly precip-
itated oxides of iron in a filtered solution
of albumen.
ALBURNUM. The white and softer
part of wood, between the inner bark and
the hard wood or duramen. It is usually
called the sap-wood.
ALCAHEST, A pretended uni-
ALKAHEST. (versal solvent or men-
struum.
ALCANIN. A peculiar principle pre-
pared by extracting alkanet with petro-
leum ether, and allowing the solution to
evaporate spontaneously.
ALCANNA. A plant, a species of
Lawsonia; a powder prepared from its
leaves is used by the Turkish females to
give a golden color to the nails and hair.
Infused in water it forms a yellow, and
with vinegar a red color. In Cairo it
From the
ALBIN. A variety of apophyllite, of forms an article of commerce.
ALC
ALC
30
berries is extracted. an oil used in med-composition by CH₂, and exhibit a regu-
icine.
ALCEE ÆGYPTIACÆ. (Grana
Moschatus, Semen Abelmoschi.) The seeds
of the Hibiscus abelmoschus or Abelmoschus
moschatus, used chiefly in perfumery.
ALCHEMILLA VULGARIS. (La-
dies' Mantle.) A European herb having
an astringent, bitterish taste, which is
strongest in the root. It was formerly
employed in complaints requiring the use
of astringents.
ALCOHOL. (Rectified Spirit, Spirit
of Wine.) A highly rectified spirit, ob-
tained from fermented liquors by distilla-
tion. It consists of hydrogen, carbon,
and oxygen. It is extremely light and
inflammable, and a powerful stimulant
and antiseptic. It contains from fifteen
to sixteen per cent. of water, and has the
sp. gr. of 0.835 to 0.838.
ALCOHOL, ABSOLUTE. Anhydrous al-
cohol, or alcohol perfectly free from
water.
lar gradation of properties, physical and
chemical. They are divided into mon-
atomic, diatomic, and triatomic alcohols,
according as they are built upon the type
of one, two, or three molecules of water.
The principal monatomic alcohols are:
Methylic alcohol, CH,O.
Ethylic
Propylic
Butylic
Amylic
C₂H₂O
C₁H₂O.
8
C₁H100.
((
C5H120.
Caproylic
"L
C&H140.
Enanthylic "
C,H160.
แ
CgH180.
((
C16H3O.
0.
C27H56O.
0.
C30H62O.
Caprylic
Cetylic
Cerotylic
Melissic
แ
There are four diatomic alcohols, called
glycols. They are as follows:
Ethylene glycol,
6
Propylene
Butylene
Amylene
66
8 3.
C₂H₂O2.
CH₂O2.
6
8
C₁H1002.
C5H1202.
ALCOHOL, AMYLIC. (Fusel Oil, Grain The triatomic alcohols are called glyc-
Oil, Potato Spirit Oil, Alcohol Amylicum, | erins. One term only is known, namely,
Hydrated Oxide of Amyl.) A peculiar ordinary glycerin, C¸¤¸¸. In addition
liquid or alcohol obtained by distillation to these alcohols there are many other
from fermented grain or potatoes, by con- series: thus we have-to give one in-
tinuing the process after the ordinary stance only of each series-Allyl alcohol,
spirit has ceased to come over.
C₂H₂O; Camphol, C10H180; Benzyl alco-
ALCOHOL FORTIUS. (Stronger Alcohol.) | hol, CH₂O; Phenyl alcohol, or carbolic
Spirit of the sp. gr. of 0.817. This alco- acid, CHÃO; Cinnamic alcohol, CHÃO;
hol approximates closely to absolute alco- Saligenin, C-H¿O₂.
8
hol, and contains but very little fusel oil.
It is used exclusively in the preparation
of other officinals, as ether, chloroform,
spirits of nitre, &c.
6
10
ALCOHOLATE. A salt in which
alcohol appears to take the place of the
water of crystallization.
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION.
ALCOHOL DILUTUM. (Diluted Alcohol.) | Alcohol generated in vegetable juices and
Alcohol mixed with an equal measure of infusions by a fermentation called vinou's
distilled water, and having the sp. gr. of or alcoholic.
0.941.
ALCOHOLIC MURIATIC ETHER. See
Ether Muriaticus.
ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS. Extracts pre-
ALCOHOL, METHYLIC. (Spiritus Py-
roxylicus Rectificatus, Pyroligneous Spirit,
Pyroxylic Spirit, Wood Spirit, Wood Alco-pared by alcohol as the menstruum.
hol, Wood Naphtha.) A spirit obtained by
the destructive distillation of wood.
ALCOHOL, OFFICINAL. See Alcohol.
ALCOHOLS. Ordinary alcohol is the
second term of a series of homologous
bodies which differ with one another in
ALCOHOLIC POTASSA. (Hydrate of Po-
tassa, Potassa, Potassa Caustica, Kali
Purum.) The pure caustic potassa, which
see.
ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION OF CHLOROFORM.
A preparation for inhalation, composed
ALC
ALE
31
of one-third pure chloroform and two-
thirds pure or absolute alcohol, or a mix-
ture of equal parts of each. The prepara-
tion is also called strong chloric ether or
tincture of chloroform. As an anæsthetic,
however, there is nothing to be compared
with pure sulphuric ether for safety and
pleasant effects.
ALCOHOLIZED IRON. A powder
of iron, prepared in the eastern parts of
Germany, by attrition of iron filings with
honey. It is not much inferior to reduced
iron.
ALDEHYD RESIN. A formation
resulting from the decomposition of an
aqueous solution of aldehyd with caustic
potassa.
ALDER. A tree usually growing in
moist land, and belonging to the genus
Alnus. The name is also applied to some
species of other genera.
ALDER, AMERICAN. (Alnus Serrulata)
The American alder, the bark and leaves
of which are astringent and bitter, pos-
sessing properties similar to those of the
Alnus glutinosa or common European alder.
They contain tannic acid.
ALDER, BLACK. The bark of Prinos
verticillatus, an indigenous shrub, with a
stem six to eight feet high, whose bark is
an astringent and tonic, and has been
proposed as one of the substitutes for Pe-
ruvian bark.
ALCOHOLMETER. An instrument to
ascertain the strength of alcohol, and ap-
plicable only to it. Its scale is divided
into 100 unequal degrees, the zero corre-
sponding to pure water, and the 100° to
pure or absolute alcohol; and every inter-
mediate degree expresses the percentage of
pure alcohol by measure contained in the ALE. A liquor made from an infu-
liquors examined. It was invented by sion of malt by fermentation. It differs
Gay-Lussac. A similar one contrived by from beer in having a smaller propor-
Tralles is used by the United States Gov- tion of hops, and hence being sweeter
ernment in gauging the strength of spirit. and of a lighter color. It is of different
ALCORNOQUE. A bark whose pre- sorts, chiefly pale and brown; the first,
cise origin is unknown. It was formerly made from malt slightly dried; the sec-
used in phthisis, and acts as an emetic. ond, from malt more considerably dried
A bark of this name in Spain is obtained and roasted. It is usually made with
from the cork-tree (Quercus suber). barley; but sometimes with wheat, rye,
ALCYONIC. Pertaining to the Aley-millet, oats, &c., &c. Medicated ales are
oneæ (Alcyonium), a group or family of those which are prepared for medicinal
zoophytes allied to the Sponges.
purposes by an infusion of herbs during
fermentation.
ALDEHYD, A liquid, of an ethe-
ALDEHYDE. S real odor, obtained by
passing ether or alcohol through a red-hot
tube, and in other ways.
A com-
ALDEHYDE CYANHYDRATE.
pound formed by the action of equiva-
lents of anhydrous prussic acid and alde-
hyde, at ordinary temperatures, for ten or
twelve days. It is a colorless liquid, hav-
ing a faint odor of its generators and a
burning, acrid taste.
ALDEHYDINE. A compound con-
sisting of NC16H11, obtained by heating
together to 120–130° C., aldehyde, am-
monia, urea, and ammonium acetate. It
is an oily liquid, smells like coniine, from
which it differs by a minus of 4H, and is
slightly soluble in water.
ALECOST. Costinary; a plant, a
species of Tanacetum (Balsamita vulgaris).
Sometimes used to flavor ale.
ALEGAR. Sour ale; the acid of ale;
vinegar made of ale.
ALEMBIC. A chemical vessel used
in distillation, usually made of glass or
metal. The bottom part, containing the
liquor to be distilled, is called the curcubit ;
the upper part, which receives and con-
denses the steam, is called the head, the
beak of which is fitted to the neck of the
receiver. The head is more properly the
alembic. This vessel is not so generally
used as the worm-still and retort.
ALEMBROTH. A compound of cor-
rosive sublimate and muriate of ammonia.
ALE
ALK
32
ALEPPO SCAMMONY. See Scam-
mony.
ALETRIS. (Star-Grass, Blazing Star,
Mealy Starwort.) The root of Aletris
farinosa, a plant growing in this country,
considered a tonic in small, and an emetic
in large doses.
A small
ALETRIS FARINOSA. See Aletris.
ALEURITES TRILOBA.
tree of the natural order Euphorbiaceæ,
the oil of the nuts of which is used as a
cathartic. Said to produce no nausea,
vomiting, or griping pains. The oil is
also known by the names Spanish and Bel- |
gium Walnut Oil, Kekuni and Kukui Oil.
ALEURON. A protein compound
contained in the albumen of nutmeg and
other seeds.
ALEXANDER. The name of a plant
of the genus Smyrnium
ALEXANDRIA SENNA. See Senna.
ALEXIPHARMIC. A medicine that
is intended to obviate the effects of poi-
son; an antidote to poison or infection.
In the latter sense applied to remedies in
malignant fevers.
ALEXITERIC. Resisting poison.
ALGA. Seaweed.
A family of plants
ALHAGI MAURORUM. (Hedysarum
Alhagi.) A thorny shrub, which pro-
duces a sort of manna, and grows in the
deserts of Persia and Arabia.
ALIMENT. That which nourishes.
ALISMACEÆ. The name of a genus
of plants including several species; as
Alisma Plantago, &c.
ALISMA PLANTAGO. (Water
Plantain.) The root of which has, when
fresh, an odor like that of Florentine
Orris. The leaves are rubefacient and
will sometimes blister when applied to
the skin. They are used in complaints of
the bladder.
ALIZAPURPURIN. A new and
beautiful artificial coloring substance dis-
covered by Dr. Reiman.
ALIZARIN, ARTIFICIAL. A col-
oring substance prepared from anthracen.
It is much inferior and less durable than
the alizarin prepared from madder.
ALKALESCENT. Tending to the
properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.
ALKALI. A salifiable base, having
in a greater or less degree a peculiar acrid
taste, the power of changing blue vege-
table colors to a green, and the color of
rhubarb and turmeric to a brown. All
ALGACE which includes the gen- salifiable bases are generally known un-
ALGE.
era Laminaria and Chondrus.
der this name.
ALKALIGENOUS.
ALGAE. A tribe of submersed or
subaqueous plants, including the seaweeds
(Fucus) and the lavers (Ulva) growing in generating alkali.
salt water, and the fresh-water confervaś.
ALGAROBIA GLANDULOSA. A
small thorny tree or shrub belonging to
the family of Mimoseæ, from which the
mesquite gum is produced, which possesses
all the valuable medicinal qualities of gum
arabic, but essentially differs from it in
some of its chemical reactions.
ALGAROT,
Producing or
ALKALIMETER. An instrument
for ascertaining the strength of alkalies,
or the quantity of alkali in potash or soda.
ALKALINE. Having the properties
of alkali.
ALKALINE SPECTRA. The spectra pro-
duced by the metals of the alkalies and
alkaline earths are readily seen by in-
The names of an troducing one of their compounds into a
ALGAROTH. } emetic powder, a com-
pound of the sesquioxide and sesqui-
chloride of antimony, obtained by pour-
ing water into a solution of the sesqui-
chloride of that metal. It was invented
by Algaroth, a physician of Verona;
hence its name. It was formerly used in
the preparation of tartar emetic.
spirit-flame, and examining the flame by
a spectroscope. The flame will then be-
come colored crimson with lithium, yel-
low with sodium, purple with potassium,
deep red with rubidium, bluish with ca-
sium, brick red with calcium, red with
strontium, and green with barium. Each
of these colored flames gives a spectrum
ALK
ALL
33
of bright lines peculiar to itself, and suf- | etic, and expectorant, and have been
ficiently characteristic to be used as a given in cases where garlic has been
chemical test.
ALKALI, VOLATILE.
monia.
See Am-
ALKALIMETRY. A name applied
to the process for ascertaining the amount
of real alkali in potash and other alkalies
and their quality.
found useful.
ALLIUM. (Garlic.) The bulb of Al-
lium sativum. It is a general stimulant.
ALLIUM CANADENSE,
ALLIUM CEPA,
ALLIUM PORrum,
ALLIUM SATIVA.
Species of al-
lium, of which
the A. cepa is
the common
onion.
ALLOPATHY. That method of med-
ALKALOID. A salifiable base formed
and existing in some vegetables as a prox-ical practice in which there is an attempt
imate principle; and having only in a to cure disease by the production of a
slight degree the peculiar properties of an condition of the system either different
alkali. The alkaloids are numerous. from, opposite to, or incompatible with
Many that have been accurately analyzed, the condition essential to the disease to be
are composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitro-
cured. The mode of medical practice
gen, and oxygen, and their differences in opposite to homœopathy.
comparison with each other depend upon
a variation in the proportions of their
component elements.
ALKANET. See Anchusa Tinctoria.
ALKANET PAPER. A sensitive re-
agent for acids and alkalies, prepared by
dipping unsized paper in an ethereal
tincture of alkanet root. To prepare the
blue paper from this it is only necessary
to dip the above paper in a weak solution
of carbonate of sodium.
ALKEKENGI. The Winter Cherry, a
species of Physalis. The plant bears a
The plant bears a
near resemblance to solanum or night-
shade. The berry is medicinal.
ALLOPHANE. An aluminous min-
eral of a green or brown color, consisting
chiefly of silica, alumina, and water; it
derives its color from a small portion of
copper.
}
The property of
existing in two or
ALLOTROPISM,
ALLOTROPY.
more conditions, which are distinct in
their physical or chemical relations. Thus
carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons
and other related forms, in the state of
extreme hardness in the diamond; it
occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little
hardness, in black lead; and again occurs
in a third form, with entire softness, in
In some cases one of these is peculiarly
ALKERVA. A name for the castor lampblack and charcoal.
oil plant.
ALLAGITE. An impure brownish an active state and the other a passive one.
variety of manganese spar.
ALLANITE. An ore of the metals
cerium and lanthanum, having a pitch-
black or brownish color. It was first
discovered as a species by Mr. Allan, of
Edinburgh, hence its name.
ALLANTOIC ACID. An acid of
animal origin, found in the liquor of the
allantois of the foetal calf. This acid was
formerly called amniotic acid.
Thus ozone is an active state of oxygen,
and is distinct from ordinary oxygen,
which is the element in its passive state.
2
ALLOXAN. One of numerous prod-
ucts of the oxidation of uric acid. It
forms large transparent crystals, colorless,
readily soluble in water or alcohol; in the
anhydrous state the formula is CH₂N₂04.
It is decomposed by heat, and also by
most reagents. Hydrochloric and sul-
phuric acids, or reducing agents, convert
it into alloxantin, which under the action
of ammonia is converted into purpurate
of ammonium or murexide.
ALLIARIA OFFICINALIS. (Erysi-
mum alliaria, Hedge Garlic.) A European
herb having a garlic odor when rubbed,
and a bitter acrid taste. It yields an oil
identical with that of mustard. The herb ALLOYS. Combinations of metals
and seeds are esteemed diuretic, diaphor-with each other are called alloys, except
3
ALL
ALM
34
when mercury is a constituent, in which | dense, but friable, with a rough, dusty
case they are called amalgams. The fol- surface. It is the Sil atticum of the
lowing are the most important alioys: ancients. It is astringent, and is used as
a paint and a medicine.
Name.
Composition.
Aluminum bronze, Copper and aluminum.
Bell metal,
Copper and tin.
Bronze,
Copper and tin.
Gun metal,
Copper and tin.
Speculum metal,
Brass,
Copper and tin.
Copper and zinc.
Dutch gold,
Copper and zinc.
Mosaic gold,
Copper and zinc.
Ormolu,
Copper and zinc.
Toinbac,
Copper and zinc.
German silver,
Packfong,
Britannia metal,
Solder,
Tin and lead.
Pewter,
Fusible metal,
Type metal,
Stereotype metal,
Shot metal,
Standard gold,
Standard silver,
Copper, nickel, and zinc.
Copper and arsenic.
Tin and antimony.
Tin and lead.
Bismuth, lead, tin, and cad-
mium.
ALMANAC. A small book or pamph-
let, containing a calendar of days, weeks,
and months, with the times of the rising
and setting of the sun and moon, changes
of the moon, eclipses, hours of full tide,
stated festivals of churches and secret
associations, stated terms of courts, obser-
vations on the weather, &c., for the year.
ALMOND. The fruit of the almond
tree, a species of amygdalus. It is an
ovate, compressed nut, perforated with
pores, and is either sweet or bitter, the
latter being poisonous.
ALMOND, BITTER. (Amygdala amara.)
Lead and antimony, and some- The kernel of the fruit of Amygdalus com-
times a little copper.
munis of the amara or bitter variety.
Lead, antimony, and bismuth.
Lead and arsenic.
Gold and copper.
Silver and copper.
ALMOND CONFECTION. (Pulvis Amyg-
dalæ Comp., Conserva Amygdalarum, Con-
fectio Amygdala.) A compound mixture
or confection, consisting of sweet almonds,
refined sugar, and gum arabic reduced to
a coarse powder.
In the preparation of alloys the least
fusible metal should be melted first, and
the most fusible added in small quantities
ALMOND EMULSION. (Misturæ Amyg-
at a time. A flux, such as borax, chloride
dalæ, Mixture of Almond.) This is es-
of zinc, or tallow—according to tempera-sentially the same as the almond con-
ture-being added to prevent loss by
fection, with the addition of water to form
oxidation.
the emulsion.
ALLSPICE. The berry of the pimento,
a tree of the West Indies. It has been
supposed to combine the agreeable aro-
matic flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and
cloves, hence the name.
ALLYL. A peculiar organic radical,
obtained from the oil of garlic, in which
it exists combined with one equivalent of
sulphur, and is therefore a sulphuret of
allyl, CH,+S.
5
ALLYL SULPHIDE. See Allyl.
ALLYLENE. A compound homolo-
gous with acetylene.
ALLYLIC ALCOHOL. A colorless
liquid composed of CHO,, possessing a
pungent smell, obtained by the decompo-
sition of oxalic acid when heated with
glycerin.
ALMAGRA. A fine deep-red ochre,
with an admixture of purple, very heavy,
ALMOND MIXTURE. See Almond Emul-
sion.
ALMOND OIL. A bland fixed oil, ob-
tained from almond by pressure.
ALMOND OIL SOAP. (Amygdaline
Soap.) A soap formed of caustic soda
and almond oil. It is an officinal soap of
the French Codex of 1837, and is directed
to be kept exposed to the air for two
months before being used.
ALMOND, SWEET. (Amygdala Dulcis.)
The kernel of the fruit of Amygdalus
communis of the dulcis or sweet variety.
A well-known fruit.
ALMUDE. A wine measure in Por-
tugal, of which twenty-six make a pipe.
ALMUG,wood about which
In Scripture, a tree or
the
ALGUM.
learned are not agreed. The supposition
is that it is the sandal-wood of the East.
ALN
ALP
35
}
ALNUIN, Names given to prepa-
ALNUINE. rations derived from the
bark of Alnus rubra. (Tag alder.)
ALNUS GLUTINOSA, See Alder,
ALNUS SERRULATA. Š American.
ALOE. A term applied to the genus
of the class and order Hexandria mono-
gynia of many species, all natives of warm
climates, and most of them of the southern
part of Africa.
ALOE AFRICANA,
ALOE ARBORESCENS,
ALOE BETHELSDORP,
ALOE CABALLINE,
ALOE CAPENSIS,
ALOE COMMELYNI,
ALOE FEROX,
ALOE INDIA,
ALOE MOCHA,
ALOE MULTIFORMIS,
ALOE PLICATILIS,
ALOE PURPURASCENS,
Species of
the genus
Aloe.
from which the Barbadoes variety is
chiefly obtained.
ALOES. The inspissated juice of the
aloe of many species; it is collected from
the leaves, which are boiled to a suitable
consistence, or are exposed to the sun till
all the fluid part is exhaled. It is a stimu-
lating stomachic purgative.
All the varieties of Aloes are similar
in their mode of action. They are all
cathartic, and are also highly valued as
emmenagogues, being peculiarly effica-
cious in amenorrhoea.
ALOES, CABALLINE,
ALOES, FETID,
ALOES, HORSE.
An inferior
kind of aloes,
supposed to con-
sist of the dregs of the juice which furnish
the better sorts. It was formerly used
exclusively for horses, but has been ban-
ished from veterinary practice, and is not
now found in the market.
ALOES, HEPATIC.
of Socotrine aloes.
An inferior variety
ALOE SOCOTRina,
ALOE SPICATA,
ALOE VULGARIS.
ALOE AFRICANA,
ALOE BETHELSDORP.
ALOE FEROX,
ALOE PLICATILIS,
ALOE SPICATA.
The species
of aloe which
ALOES INDIA,
}
An inferior quality
ALOES MOCHA.
of hepatic aloes.
ALOES, SHINING. A name applied by
the German writers to the Cape aloes.
ALOETIC. Pertaining to or consisting
yield the Cape chiefly of aloes, as an aloetic preparation.
aloes.
ALOE BARBADENSIS. (Barbadoes Aloes.)
The inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe
vulgaris.
ALOE CAPENSIS.
(Cape Aloes.) The
inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe spi-
cata and other species.
ALOETIC ACID. An acid obtained
from aloes by the action of nitric acid.
ALOIN. The pure crystallized active
principle of aloes.
ALOISOL. A substance obtained by
the distillation of aloes with caustic lime.
It is an oily liquid, colorless when recent,
but becoming brown on exposure to air,
and of an odor resembling that of fusel
oil and bitter almonds combined.
ALOE PURIFICATA. (Purified Aloes.)
Socotrine aloes rendered liquid by heat
and alcohol, and then strained through a
fine sieve, and evaporated to a consistence | toria, composed of С32H14º·14′
which will render a thread of it brittle on
cooling.
ALPHAORSELLIC ACID. An acid
obtained from a variety of Rocella tinc-
ALOE SOCOTRINA. (Socotrine Aloes.)
The inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe
Socotrina of the island of Socotra and the
eastern coast of Africa. The species of
aloe which yields it is not certainly known,
but is probably A. Socotrina.
ALOE VULGARIS.
The species of aloe
ALPHENIC. The crystallized juice
of the sugar-cane; sugar candy.
ALPHENIX. White barley sugar,
used for colds. It is common sugar boiled
till it will easily crack; then poured upon
an oiled marble table, and moulded into
various shapes.
ALPIA,
ALPISTE.
The seed of a species of
Canary grass. (Phalaris.)
1
ALP
ALU
36
ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM. (Elet- and potassa. A white transparent, very
taria Cardamomum.) The cardamom astringent substance, but seldom found
plant.
pure or crystallized. It is usually pre-
ALPINIA GALANGA. (Maranta Ga-pared by roasting and lixiviating certain
langa, Galangal.) A plant, the roots of
which were formerly used as a stimulant
aromatic. Its active principles are a vola-
tile oil and acrid resin.
ALQUIFOU (al'-ke-foo). A sort of
lead ore (galena) which, when broken,
resembles sulphuret of antimony. It is
found in Cornwall, England, and is used
by potters to give a green varnish to their
wares, and is called potters' ore. A small
mixture of manganese gives it a blackish
hue.
ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS. A pos-
sible substitute for gutta percha, found in
the concrete juice of an Apocynea growing
in Ceylon.
schists containing pyrites, and to the lye
adding a certain quantity of potassa. The
salt is then obtained by crystallization. It
is of great use in medicine and in the arts.
ex-
ALUM, DRIED. (Alumen Ustum, Alumen
Exsiccatum, Burnt Alum.) Alum
posed to a temperature not exceeding
450° until it is reduced to nearly half of
its original weight, and powdered when
cold. It is used as an escharotic and as a
laxative in obstinate cases of constipation.
ALUM EARTH. A massive mineral of
a blackish-brown color, a dull lustre, and
rather soft consistence, chiefly composed
of carbon, silica, and alumina.
pure variety of lignite.
An im-
ALSTROEMERIA LIGTU. A plant
ALUM ROOT. (Heuchera, American
from the roots of which a fecula is ob- Sanicle.) The root of Heuchera Ameri-
tained, resembling the maranta or arrow-cana, H. cortusa, or H. viscida, of the nat-
root, and is used for the same purposes. ural order Saxifragaceæ. A powerful as-
ALTERATIVE. A medicine which tringent, which was once employed as a
H. caulescens and H.
gradually induces a change in the consti- remedy for cancer.
tution, and restores healthy functions pubescens are species possessing similar
without sensible evacuations.
properties.
ALTHÆIN. See Asparagin.
ALTHEA. (Marshmallow.) A genus
of the class and order Monadelphia poly-
andria, of several species. The root of
Althea officinalis contains a large quantity
of mucilage, starch, and saccharine mat-
ter. It has a perennial root, and an an-
nual stalk, rising four or five feet. The
genus includes the garden hollyhocks.
(Hollyhock.)
ALUM SLATE. (Aluminous Schist.)
Certain natural mixtures of bisulphuret
of iron with alumina, silica, and bitumi-
nous matter.
ALUM SPRING OF ROCKBRIDGE. A
gallon contains:
7.536 grains carbonic acid.
sulphate of potassa.
lime.
magnesia.
protoxide of iron.
1.765
((
3.263
The
1.763
((
4.863
((
17.905
0.700
66
alumina.
1.008
"
(L
crenate of ammonia.
chloride of sodium.
silica.
ALTHEA ROSEA.
roots of which possess properties similar
to marshmallow, and may be substituted
for it. It belongs to the same natural
order of Malvaceæ.
ALUDEL. In chemistry aludels are
earthen pots without bottoms, that they
may be exactly fitted into each other, and
used in sublimations. At the bottom of
the furnace is a pot containing the matter
to be sublimed, and at the top a head to
receive the volatile matter.
ALUM. (Sulphate of Alumina and Po-
tassa, Alumen.) A sulphate of alumina
2.840
15.224
แ free sulphuric acid.
49.331 grains total.-(Hays.)
ALUM STONE. (Alum Ore.) A native
mixture of sulphate of alumina and sul-
phate of potassa.
ALUM WHEY. An elegant prepara-
tion for the administration of alum, made
ALU
AMA
37
by boiling two drachms of alum with a
pint of milk, and then straining to sepa-
rate the curd.
ALUMEN. See Alum.
ALUMEN EXSICCATUM,
ALUMEN USTUM.
}
}
See
Alum, Dried.
ALUMINA,
ALUMINE.Š be obtained by subject-
An earth which may
ing ammonia-alum to a strong calcining
heat. It is a sesquioxide, inasmuch as it
consists of two equivalents of the metal
aluminium and three of oxygen.
ALUMINA ACETATE. A salt obtained
by the direct combination of hydrated
alumina with acetic acid, or by reaction
between sulphate of alumina and acetate
of lead.
ALUMINA AND AMMONIA SULPHATE.
(Aluminæ et Ammoniæ Sulphas, Ammonia-
Alum.) A kind of alum which has come
into general use owing to the rise in value
of potassa, and to the comparative cheap-
ness of ammonia. Potassa alum was for-
merly the only officinal variety of this
salt. It so closely resembles ammonia-
alum as not to be distinguished by simple
inspection. The latter is prepared chiefly
from the ore alum-stone.
A
ALUMINA AND IRON SULPHATE.
double salt, used as an astringent, styptic,
and vermifuge, and prepared by dissolv-
ing alumina and carbonate of iron, both
recently precipitated, in sulphuric acid,
and evaporating the solution.
ALUMINA AND POTASSA SULPHATE.
(Alumen, Alum.) A double salt consist-
ing of tersulphate of alumina, united
with sulphate of potassa. See Alum.
ALUMINA, SULPHATE OF. A salt formed
by a solution of a precipitate, resulting
from a gradual mixture of nearly sat-
urated solutions of ammonia-alum and
carbonate of soda in boiling water, in
diluted sulphuric acid, which is then fil-
tered and evaporated.
ALUMINA, TANNATE OF. (Alumina
Tannas.) A salt quite unknown; it has
been used in London, when dissolved in
water, as an injection in gonorrhoea. It
is probably a mixture of tannic acid and
alum, though this is not to a great extent
soluble.
ALUMINITE.
A mineral; subsul-
phate of alumina. Its color is snow or
yellowish white.
ALUMINIUM.
A metal obtained
from alumina. It has also been obtained
aluminium.
by the action of potassium on chloride of
ALUMINIZED CHARCOAL.
An
economical substitute for purified animal
charcoal, formed by combining alumina
with common vegetable charcoal. It an-
swers well the purposes of a decolorizer.
ALUMINOUS. Pertaining to or con-
taining alum.
ALUMINOUS SCHIST. See Alum Slate.
ALYON'S OINTMENT. An oint-
ment prepared by Alyon with lard and
nitric acid. Formerly used for the same
purposes as citrine ointment is now em-
ployed.
AMADOU. The French name of a
variety of Boletus igniarius found on old
ash and other trees, called spunk, German
tinder, black match, or pyrotechnical
sponge, on account of its inflammability.
AMALGAM. A compound of mer-
cury with another metal. Any metallic
alloy.
AMALGAMATION. A term applied
from its ores by means of mercury.
to a process for extracting gold and silver
AMANDINE. A kind of cold cream,
prepared from almonds, for chapped hands.
AMANITES. An order of poisonous
mushrooms. Their active principle is an
uncrystallizable alkaloid substance called
Amanitin. Oily vomito-purgatives fol-
lowed by concentrated solution of tannin
are considered the proper antidotes.
AMANITIN. See Amanites.
AMANITINE. The poisonous prin-
ciple of some fungi.
AMARANTH. A color inclining to
purple.
AMARANTHUS. A genus of plants
of many species.
AMARANTHUS
HYPOCHONDRIACUS.
(Prince's Feather.) An annual plant, the
leaves of which are said to be astringent.
AMA
AME
38
AMARYLLIDACEÆ. A family of
plants to which the genus Agave belongs.
AMBER. (Succinum.) A hard, semi-
pellucid substance, tasteless and without
AMBOYNA CLOVES. Molucca
cloves, which are said to be more oily and
more aromatic than other varieties.
AMBREADA. A kind of factitious
cans.
smell, except when bruised or heated, amber, which Europeans sell to the Afri-
when it emits a fragrant odor. It is
found in alluvial soils, or on the sea-
shore in many places, particularly on the
shores of the Baltic in Europe, and at
Cape Sable in Maryland in the United
States. It is said to be a fossil resin and
of vegetable origin. It yields by distilla-
tion an empyreumatic oil, and the succinic
acid, which sublimes in small, white nee-
dles. Its color usually presents some
tinge of yellow. It is electrical, and is
the basis of some varnishes.
AMBER SEED. A seed somewhat re-
sembling millet, musk-seed. It is of a
bitterish taste, and brought from Egypt
and the West Indies.
AMBER TREE. The English name of
a species of Anthospermum; a shrub with
evergreen leaves, which, when bruised,
emit a fragrant odor.
AMBER VARNISH.
Amber rendered
soluble by roasting, and dissolved in lin-
seed oil and turpentine.
AMBREATE. A salt formed by the
combination of ambreic acid with a base.
AMBREIC ACID. An acid formed
by digesting ambreine in nitric acid.
AMBREINE. One of the animal
proximate principles, and the chief con-
stituent of ambergris.
AMBROSIA. A genus of plants.
AMBROSIA ARTEMISIÆFOLIA. (Rag-
weed.) An annual plant, considered as-
tringent.
AMBROSIA TRIFIDA. A species of A.
artemisiafolia, which is frequented by a
species of Cantharis.
AMBROSIAL. Fragrant.
AMELANCHIER VULGARIS.
A
plant from which may be obtained the
characteristic constituent of bitter almond,
called Amygdalin.
AMERICAN ALOE. See Agave.
AMERICAN ASPEN. (Populus Tremu-
AMBERGRIS. A solid, opaque, ash-loides.) A species of Poplar possessing
colored, inflammable substance, variegat-
ed like marble, remarkably light, rugged
on its surface, and when heated has a
fragrant odor. It does not effervesce
with acids. It melts easily into a yellow
resin, and is soluble, though not readily,
in alcohol. It is said that it is a morbid
secretion of the intestines of the sperma-
ceti whale, a species of Physeter. It is
generally found floating on the ocean's
surface in regions frequented by the whale.
It is found sometimes in masses of from
sixty to two hundred and twenty-five
pounds. In these masses are also found
the beaks of the cuttlefish, on which these
whales are known to feed. It constitutes
a valuable material in perfumery.
AMBLYGONITE. A mineral from
Saxony, of a pale green color, sometimes
spotted, somewhat resembling pyroxene.
It consists of phosphoric acid and alumina,
with nine per cent. of lithia.
tonic properties.
AMERICAN CENTAURY. (Sabbatia.)
The herb Sabbatia or Chironia angularis,
of the natural order Gentianaceæ; an an-
nual plant having the tonic properties of
other plants of the same natural family.
It has been used as a substitute for the
Cinchonas.
AMERICAN COLUMBO. (Frasera.) The
root of the Frasera Walteri or F. Caro-
linensis, of the natural order of Gentian-
aceæ. American Gentian, as it is also
called, is a mild tonic, and calculated to
meet the same indications with the other
simple bitters.
AMERICAN DITTANY. (Cunila Mari-
ana.) A small herb analogous to the
mints, pennyroyal, &c., and is used for
the same purposes. It contains an oil
which is slightly rubefacient.
AMERICAN GENTIAN. (American Co-
lumbo.)
AME
AMM
39
AMERICAN HELLEBORE. (Indian Poke,
Poke Root, Swamp Hellebore.) The rhi-
zoma of veratrum viride, which see.
AMERICAN IPECACUANHA. (Ipecacu-
anha Spurge.) The root of Euphorbia ipe-
cacuanha, a singular plant growing in
pine barrens and other sandy places in the
Middle and Southern States. Its active
principle has not been isolated. It is an
active, tolerably certain emetic, milder
than the E. corollata, but, like it, disposed
to produce alarming symptoms when given
in overdoses. The root of Gillenia tri-
foliata and Gillenia stipulacea is also called
American Ipecac or Indian Physic.
AMERICAN IVY. (Ampelopsis Quinque-
folia, Virginia Creeper.) A common in-
digenous plant, the bark of which, also the
twigs, have been used as a remedy in
dropsy.
AMERICAN PENNY ROYAL. (Hedeoma.)
The herb of Hedeoma pulegioides, an indig-
enous annual plant, from nine to fifteen
inches high, gently stimulant and aro-
matic. It is much used as an emmena-
gogue in infusion.
is highly recommended as a specific in
nervous headache. The seeds contain an
alkaloid supposed to be identical with
Conia. In cases of poisoning by either
species, vomiting should be induced as
speedily as possible.
}
unde omni
AMIANTHOID. A variety of asbestos.
AMID,
A compound of amid-
AMIDE. ogen with an element in
which amidogen is the electro-negative
ingredient.
AMIDE. A name applied to amyg-
dalin, for the reason that when that sub-
stance is treated with an alkali, it yields
ammonia and a peculiar acid called amyg-
| dalic acid.
AMIDES. A term used to express a
compound ammonia, in which one, two,
or three of the hydrogen atoms are re-
placed by an acid radical. Ammonias in
which one or more atoms of hydrogen are
replaced by an acid radical are called
Amides; thus we have acetamides, &c.
Ammonias in which one or more atoms
of hydrogen are replaced by base radicals
are called Amines; thus we have potass-
AMERICAN POPLAR. An inappropriate amine, ethyllamine. Ammonias in which
name for the Tulip Tree.
two or more atoms of hydrogen are re-
placed by acid and base radicals are called
Alkalamides; thus we have ethylacetamide.
Further, these two classes are divided into
monamides, diamides, and triamides; mon-
amines, diamines, and triamines; monal-
kalamides, dialkalamides, and trialkala-
mides, according as they are derived from
one, two, or three molecules of ammonia.
AMIDINE. Starch modified by heat
so as to become a transparent mass like
AMERICAN SILVER FIR. See Abies Bal- horn, which is soluble in cold water.
AMERICAN SANICLE. (Alum Root.)
AMERICAN SENNA. (Wild Senna, Cas-
sia Marilandica.) The leaves of Cassia
Marilandica, an indigenous plant, of vig-
orous growth, common in all parts of the
United States. It is analogous to Senna,
and contains a principle similar to Ca-
thartin. It is an efficient and safe cathar-
tic, though less active than the imported
senna.
samea.
AMIDO-CHLORIDE OF MERCURY.
AMERICAN SPIKENARD. (Aralia Ra-(Ammoniated Mercury.) A compound of
cemosa.) A species of Aralia, used for amidogen with chloride of mercury.
the same purposes as Aralia Nudicaulis,
which see.
AMIDO-VALERIANIC ACID. (Butala-
min.) An acid formed by the action of
AMIDOGEN. A basifying and basic
principle composed of two equivalents of
hydrogen and one of nitrogen. A term
applied to a hypothetical equivalent in the
composition of white precipitate.
AMERICAN WATER HEMLOCK. (Ci-oxide of silver on bromo-valerianic acid.
cuta Maculata.) A plant which grows in
meadows and along streams throughout
the United States. It is closely analo-
gous to the European species, Cicuta virosa.
In several instances children have been
fatally poisoned by eating its roots. It
AMMONIA. The real origin of this
AMM
AMM
40
word is not ascertained; it is supposed to the muriate or sulphate of ammonia with
be from Ammon, a title of Jupiter, near chalk. It is also obtained indirectly from
whose temple in Upper Egypt it was gen- coal-gas liquor and bone-spirit. It is stim-
|
erated. It is an alkali which is gaseous ulant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, and, in
or aeriform in its uncombined state, and large doses, emetic.
is composed of three equivalents of hydro-
gen and one of nitrogen; an ammid of
hydrogen. It is sometimes called Volatile |
Alkali.
AMMONIA AROMATIC SPIRIT. An aro-
matic preparation of Ammonia, composed
of carbonate and water of ammonia, oils
of lemon, nutmeg, and lavender, alcohol,
and water.
AMMONIA ARSENIATE. (Ammoniæ Ar-
senias.) A crystallized salt obtained by
saturating a concentrated solution of ar-
senic acid with ammonia or its carbonate,
and allowing it to evaporate spontaneously.
It is used in chronic skin diseases with
marked success.
AMMONIA BENZOATE. (Ammoniæ Ben-
zoas.) A salt formed by evaporating a
solution of benzoic acid in a mixture of
water and solution of ammonia, keeping
the latter in slight excess. It is a slightly
stimulant diuretic.
AMMONIA BIBORATE. (Borate of Am-
monia.) A salt formed by dissolving bo-
racic acid, in excess, in heated water of
ammonia, and allowing the solution to
cool slowly. It has been used in cases of
catarrh and of stone in the bladder.
AMMONIA CHLOROTHALLAte. A salt
used for determining bismuth in presence
of lead. It precipitates the salts of bis-
muth, but not those of lead.
AMMONIA, FETID SPIRIT OF. An al-
coholic solution of the volatile oil of assa-
fœtida mixed with strong water of am-
monia. It is an energetic stimulant and
antacid.
AMMONIA FORMIATE.
(Formiate of
Ammonia.) A chemical homologue of
acetate of ammonia. It is considered a
stimulant with a special tendency to the
nervous centres, and probably analogous
to the carbonates. A larger dose than
five grains is apt to vomit.
AMMONIA HYDRIODATE. (Ammonii
Iodidum.) A salt formed by evaporating
a solution-deprived of its precipitate-of
iodide of potassium and sulphate of am-
monia in water. It has been used extern-
ally as a substitute for iodide of potassium ;
internally it acts as a resolvent and diu-
retic.
AMMONIA HYDROBROMATE. (Ammonii
Bromidum.) A name applied to Bromide
of Ammonium by those who consider the
ammoniacal salts as compounds of acids
with ammonia. It may be prepared by
adding to bromine and water a solution
of hydrosulphate of ammonia (sulphuret
of ammonium) sufficient to discharge the
color, filtering to separate the sulphur,
and then evaporating to dryness. Its ef-
fects are similar to bromide of potassium.
AMMONIA HYDROCHLORATE. (Muriate
AMMONIA BICARBONATE. (Bicarbonate
of Ammonia.) A salt possessing antacid
properties, formed by simply exposing the
carbonate to the air. It is obtained also
as a crystalline precipitate by adding al-
cohol to a saturated solution of the ordi-
nary carbonate, or by passing carbonic
acid through the same solution.
AMMONIA BORATE. See Ammonia Bi- of Ammonia, Chloride of Ammonium, Am-
borate.
AMMONIA CARBAZOTATE. (Carbazotate
of Ammonia.) A salt formed by the union
of carbazotic acid with ammonia.
AMMONIA CARBONATE. (Ammonia
Carbonas, Ammonia Sesquicarbonas.) This
salt was probably originally obtained from
putrid urine. At present it is manufac-
tured by subliming a mixture of either
moniæ Murias, Ammonia Hydrochloras,
Ammonii Chloridum, Sal Ammoniac.) A
salt originally prepared by sublimating
the soot resulting from the burning of
camel's dung. At present it is obtained
from ammoniacal or gas liquor, or from
bone-spirit. It is a stimulant, resolvent,
and tonic. In large doses it purges, and
in small it constipates. It is said to be an
AMM
AMM
41
cases.
excellent substitute for mercury in some 26 per cent. of the gas, which is prepared
by being disengaged from muriate of am-
AMMONIA HYDROSULPHATE. (Solution monia by the action of lime. See Am-
of Sulphide of Ammonium, Ammonia Hy-monia Solution.
drosulphuretum.) A preparation formed AMMONIA, SUCCINATE OF. A salt
by passing vapor through a mixture of formed by the union of succinic acid with
sulphate or muriate of ammonia with ammonia.
twice its weight of oxysulphate of calcium
AMMONIA SULPHATE. (Sulphate of
or the refuse lime of the process for puri- Ammonia.) A salt resulting from the
fying gas, and to receive the volatile prod-sublimation of gas liquor or fetid bone-
uct in an apparatus for condensation. It is spirit, saturated with sulphuric acid, and
proposed as a remedy in diabetes mellitus. submitted repeatedly to solution and crys-
AMMONIA MURIATE. See Ammonia Hy-tallization until obtained pure. It is not
drochlorate.
used in medicine.
AMMONIA NITROSULPHATE. A com-
pound formed by passing nitric oxide
through a solution of sulphate of ammonia
in five or six times its volume of water
and ammonia. It is recommended in ty-
phoid fever.
AMMONIA PHOSPHATE. (Phosphate of
Ammonia, Ammonia Phosphas.) A salt
formed by adding strong solution of am-
monia to diluted phosphoric acid and
evaporating, keeping the ammonia in
slight excess. It has been used in cases
of gout and rheumatism. (2(NHO)HO,
PO5.)
AMMONIA URATE. (Urate of Ammonia,
Ammonice Uras.) An acid salt formed by
digesting uric acid in solution of ammonia.
It is used externally in skin affections.
AMMONIA WATER. See Ammonia So-
lution.
AMMONIAC. (Ammoniacum.) The
concrete juice or gum-resin which exudes
from the ammoniac plant (Dorema am-
moniacum). It is brought from Persia in
large masses, composed of tears. Inter-
nally it is white; externally, yellow. It
has a fetid smell and a nauseous, sweet
taste, followed by a bitter one, and is used
as a deobstruent and resolvent.
AMMONIAC MIXTURE. (Mistura Am-
AMMONIA PYROGALLATE. A salt ob-
tained in small white crystals when a so-
lution of pyrogallic acid in ether is satu-moniaci, Lac Ammoniaci, Milk of Ammo-
rated with ammonia gas.
niac.) Ammoniac, 120 grains; water,
AMMONIA SESQUICARBONATE. See Am- viij. Rub the ammoniac with the water
monia Carbonate.
AMMONIA SOLUTION. (Liquor Am-
moniæ, Water of Ammonia, Aqua Ammo-
nice.) A weak aqueous solution of the
alkaline gas ammonia. It is prepared by
distilling a mixture of muriate of am-
monia, lime, and water. Its specific
gravity is 0.960.
AMMONIA SPIRIT. (Spiritus Ammoniæ,
Ammoniated Alcohol.) A solution of caus-
tic ammonia in alcohol. It is a stimulant
and antispasmodic, and is given in hys-
teria, flatulent colic, and nervous debility.
AMMONIA, STRONGER WATER. (Aqua
Ammonia Fortior, Strong Solution of Am-
monia, Liquor Ammonia Fortior.)
strong aqueous solution of ammonia, of
the specific gravity of 0.900, and containing
A
gradually added, and strain.
AMMONIAC PLASTER. (Emplastrum
Ammoniaci.) Dissolve five troy ounces
of ammoniac in half a pint of diluted acetic
acid. Strain and evaporate to the proper
consistence.
AMMONIÆ AQUA. See Ammonia
Solution.
AMMONIE AQUA FORTIOR. See Ammo-
nia, Stronger Water.
AMMONIÆ ARSENIAS. See Ammonia
Arseniate.
AMMONIE BENZOAS. See Ammonia
Benzoate.
AMMONIÆ HYDROSULPHURETUM. See
Ammonia Hydrosulphate.
AMMONIÆ HYPOPHOSPHIS. A salt
formed by precipitating hypophosphite of
AMM
AMM
42
lime with carbonate of ammonia. (Form- by digesting six ounces of the guaiac resin
in two pints of the aromatic spirits of
ula, NH,2HO, PO.)
AMMONIÆ LIQUOR FORTIOR. See Am- ammonia for seven days, and filtered.
monia, Stronger Water.
AMMONIÆ MURIAS. See Ammonia Hy-
drochlorate.
AMMONIE PROTOCARBONAS. A salt
conveniently formed by mixing two parts
of commercial carbonate of ammonia in
coarse powder with one part of the strong-
er water of ammonia, in a well-stoppered
bottle, and stirring them together occa-
sionally for a week, then setting the mass
aside to solidify.
AMMONIÆ SESQUICARBONAS. See Am-
monia Carbonate.
Useful in rheumatism and amenorrhoea.
AMMONIATED TINCTURE OF OPIUM.
(Tinctura Opii Ammoniata.) An old
preparation formerly used in Scotland
under the name of Paregoric Elixir. It,
however, differs from the United States
preparation of that name.
AMMONII BROMIDUM
monia Hydrobromate.
See Am-
AMMONII CHLORIDUM. See Ammonia
Hydrochlorate.
AMMONII IODIDUM. See Ammonia
Hydriodate.
AMMONIO-CHLORIDE OF IRON.
See Ammoniated Iron.
AMMONIE URAS. See Ammonia Urate.
AMMONIE VALERIANAS. (Valerianate
of Ammonia.) A salt formed by neutral- AMMONIO-CHLORIDE OF SILVER. A
izing valerianic acid with gaseous ammo- preparation formed by saturating a solu-
nia obtained in the usual manner from a tion of ammonia, by the aid of heat, with
mixture of muriate of ammonia and lime. chloride of silver, and allowing the liquid
AMMONIA-METER. An instrument to cool in a stoppered bottle. It is used
for ascertaining the strength of ammonia. in cases of syphilis, epilepsy, &c.
AMMONIATED COPPER. A salt AMMONIO-FERRIC ALUM. (Sulphate of
formed by triturating a troy ounce of sul- | Iron and Ammonia, Ferri et Ammoniæ
phate of copper with three hundred and Sulphas.) A salt prepared by heating
sixty grains of carbonate of ammonia until the solution of tersulphate of iron with
effervescence ceases, wrapped in bibulous sulphate of ammonia until the latter salt
paper, and dried with a gentle heat. It is dissolved, and then allowing it to cool.
is a tonic and antispasmodic.
Instead of sulphate of ammonia, sulphate
AMMONIATED IRON. (Ferrum Ammo- of potassa may be employed, which would
niatum, Ammonio-Chloride of Iron.) A produce a potassio-ferric alum, which pos-
deliquescent salt, formed by evaporating sesses the same properties as the ammonio-
to dryness a liquor resulting from an ferric alum. They are astringent, and
addition of a solution of muriate of am- have been found useful in leucorrhoea,
monia in water to a digested mixture of diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, &c.
subcarbonate of iron with muriatic acid,
AMMONIUM. A hypothetical com-
in a glass vessel. This preparation, sub-pound, resulting from the union of muri-
limed, was formerly called Flores Mar- atic acid with ammonia in the formation
tiales and Ens Martis.
of hydrochlorate of ammonia. It consists
of four equivalents of hydrogen, one of
nitrogen, and possesses the habitudes and
chemical relations of an element.
AMMONIATED MERCURY. (White Pre-
cipitate, Hydrargyri Precipitatum Album,
Hydrargyri Ammonio-Chloridum.) A
preparation formed by precipitating a
solution of corrosive sublimate by ammo-
nia. It is used chiefly as an external
application in skin diseases.
AMMONIUM IODIDE. A salt formed by
the double decomposition of pure iodide
of potassium and pure sulphate of ammo-
nia.
AMMONIATED TINCTURE OF GUAIAC. AMMONIUM OXIDE. (Oxide of Ammo-
(Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata, Tinctura nium.) A term applied by Berzelius to
Guaiaci Composita.) A tincture prepared a hypothetical compound resulting from
AMM
AMY
43
the union of the elements of one equiv-| given to the Malabar cardamom plant or
alent of water with the elements of one elettaria cardamomum.
equivalent of ammonia.
Ammonium, SoLUTION OF SULPHIDE.
See Ammonia Hydrosulphate.
AMMONIUM SULPHIDE. A salt formed
by passing steam through a mixture of an
ammonia salt and soda waste or gas lime.
The vapor condensed in a suitable appa-
ratus is the sulphide, of good quality and
strength.
AMMONIUM SULPHOCYANide. A salt
prepared from sulphocyanide of potassium
by double decomposition with sulphate of
ammonia at a boiling temperature. Sul-
phate of potash is allowed to crystallize
out and the liquor mixed with two volumes
of alcohol, 90 per cent., the solution fil-
tered, decolorized with animal charcoal,
evaporated, and crystallized.
AMNIOTIC ACID. An acid found
in the amniotic fluid of the cow, considered
the same as allantoic acid.
AMOMUM. A genus of plants re-
markable for their pungency and aromatic
properties.
AMOMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. (Carda-
momum Majus.) A Madagascar plant,
from which is obtained a species of carda-
mom, the seeds of which are closely
analogous in flavor to those of the officinal
plant.
AMOMUM GRANA PARADISI. An Afri-
can plant from which is obtained Grains
of Paradise, Guinea grains, Melequetta, or
Maleguetta Pepper.
AMOMUM ZINGIBER. The botanical
title of the Zingiber officinale or ginger
plant.
A MORPHOUS. Having no regular
shape, or determinate form or figure.
AMORPHOUS QUINIA. (Chinvidine, Cin-
chonicine, Cinchonicia, Quinicia, Quini-
cine, Quinoidine, Quinoidia.) The pre-
cipitated extract of bark, or the old "im-
pure sulphate of quinia," obtained from
the evaporation of the mother liquor left
after the crystallization of sulphate of
quinia in the preparation of that salt. It
is of uncertain composition and strength.
AMPELITE. The name of an earth
abounding in pyrites, used by the ancients
to kill insects, &c., on vines. The term
has also been applied to a compound of
alum and graphic schist.
AMPELOPSIN. A preparation from
Ampelopsis quinquefolia, made by an un-
published process. It is reputed to be
alterative, diuretic, &c.
AMPELOPSIS QUINQUEFOLIA.
See American Ivy.
AMPHIDE. A term applied to com-
pounds consisting of acids and bases, as
distinguished from haloid compounds.
AMPHIHEXAHEDRAL. Crystals
whose faces counted in two different di-
rections, give two hexahedral outlines, or
are found to be six in number.
AMPHODELITE. A reddish crystal-
lized mineral composed of silica, alumina,
lime, iron, and manganese.
AMOMUM MAXIMUM. A plant growing
AMULET. Anything worn as a rem-
in Java and other Malay islands, producing edy or preservation against disease. They
a species of cardamom called Java, Nepaul,
were quite common a century or two ago,
or Bengal Cardamom. They are an infe- but are now nearly extinct. Occasionally,
rior quality.
however, nowadays the pharmacists are
AMOMUM MELEQUETTA. See Amomum called upon for a little assafoetida and
Grana Paradisi.
AMOMUM RACEMOSUM. (Amomum Car-
damomum, Amomi Uva.) A plant growing
in Sumatra, Java, and other East India
islands, the fruit of which, called round
cardamom, are similar in medicinal prop-
erties to the officinal.
camphor for like purposes. Amulets, in
days of ignorance, consisted of certain
stones, metals, plants, medicines, char-
acters, words or sentences arranged in a
particular order, and were appended to
the neck or other part of the body.
AMYGDALA AMARA. See Almond,
AMOMUM REPENS. A name at one time Bitter.
AMY
AMY
44
AMYGDALA DULCIS. See Almond, Sweet.
AMYGDALE OLEUM. An oil ob-
tained equally pure from sweet and bitter
almonds. It is generally brought from
Europe, and is sometimes adulterated with
poppy oil.
AMYGDALATE. A salt whose acid
is the amygdalic; an emulsion made of
almonds; milk of almonds.
AMYGDALIC ACID. A peculiar
acid obtained from the characteristic con-
stituent of bitter almonds called amyg-
dalin.
AMYGDALIN.
The characteristic
crystalline substance obtained from the
kernel of the bitter almond.
AMYL NITRITE. An inflammable liquid
lighter than water, of a fruity, pear-like
odor, prepared by heating fusel oil gently
in a retort with nitric acid, rectifying from
potassa, the distillate passing over under
212° F., and collecting apart the product
which distils under 177° F.
AMYLACEOUS.
Starchy; pertain-
ing to starch; resembling starch.
AMYLACEOUS IPECACUANHA. (White
Ipecacuanha, Undulated Ipecacuanha.) The
product of a species of Richardsonia (R.
scabra or R. Brasiliensis and R. emeticœ).
It differs little in size from the genuine
ipecac, presents a dull white farinaceous
fracture when broken, contains a large
AMYGDALINE SOAP. See Almond proportion of starch and only 3.5 parts of
Oil Soap.
The
AMYGDALUS COMMUNIS.
plant which yields the sweet almond fruit. |
AMYGDALUS PERSICA. The name of the
plant which produces the peach; the com-
mon peach tree, the kernels of which bear
a close resemblance in appearance and
properties to bitter almonds, for which
they are often substituted, possessing like
them hydrocyanic acid. The leaves of
the peach tree are said to be laxative, and
also to possess vermifuge properties.
AMYL. A radical consisting of ten
parts of carbon and eleven of hydrogen;
with one part of oxygen added it forms
amylic ether; and with a further addition |
of one part of water, amylic alcohol or
fusel oil. It is a carbo-hydrogen.
AMYL ACETATE. A compound pre-
pared by uniting fusel oil with acetic acid.
It exerts an influence similar to the iodide
and nitrite.
emetia in the hundred.
AMYLEN. (Valeren.) A compound
homologous with ethylen prepared by dis-
tilling amylic alcohol with a concentrated
solution of chloride of zinc. The product
is redistilled, and that which comes over
first, constituting the more volatile part,
is separately collected, and agitated with
concentrated sulphuric acid, when the
amylen, freed from water, will rise to the
surface.
AMYLIC ACID. An acid produced
by subjecting amylic alcohol to oxidizing
agents, whereby it loses two equivalents
of hydrogen and gains two of oxygen,
and becomes amylic acid, which is identi-
cal with valerianic acid found in valerian.
AMYLIC ALCOHOL. See Alcohol.
AMYLIC ETHER ACETATE. (Acetate of
Amylic Ether.) A preparation formed by
distilling a mixture of one part of amylic
alcohol, two of acetate of potassa, and one
AMYL HYDRATED OXIDE. See Alcohol, of concentrated sulphuric acid. The dis-
Amylic.
AMYL HYDRIDE. (Hydruret of Amyl.)
A new anæsthetic, proposed by the late
Prof. Simpson, of Edinburgh. It is the
lightest liquid known, having the sp. gr.
of 0.638 at 57°. Its mode of preparation
is not generally known.
AMYL HYDRURET. See Amyl Hydride.
AMYL IODIDE. (Iodide of Amyl.) A
compound prepared by uniting fusel oil
with iodine.
tilled liquid is purified from free acid by
washing with a weak alkaline solution,
and from water by distillation from chlo-
ride of calcium. An alcoholic solution of
this ether forms the jargonelle pear essence,
and fifteen parts of it with half a part of
acetic ether dissolved in 100 parts of alco-
hol forms the bergamot pear essence, and
when mixed with butyric ether in an al-
coholic solution, forms the banana essence.
AMYLIC ETHER VALERIANATE. (Va-
AMY
ANA
45
metic.
AMYRIS KATAF. A species of the Bal-
samodendron myrrhæ or myrrh tree.
lerianate of Amylic Ether.) A prepara- been employed as a medicine and cos-
tion made by carefully mixing four parts
of pure amylic alcohol with four of sul-
phuric acid, and adding the mixture when
cold to five parts of valerianic acid. The
whole is warmed for a few minutes in a
water-bath and then mixed with a little
water, which causes the ether to separate.
It is then purified by washing it with
water and a weak solution of carbonate of
soda. An alcoholic solution of this ether
forms a flavoring liquid called Apple Es-
sence.
AMYLIN. The tegumentary portion
of starch. It is, when entirely freed from
the interior soluble matter, wholly insol-
uble in water and alcohol. It approaches
nearer to the properties of lignin than
any other principle.
AMYLUM. (Starch, Amidon.) The
fecula of the seed of Triticum vulgare.
It is a proximate vegetable principle con-
tained in most plants, various grains,
numerous tuberous roots, and various
seeds.
AMYRIS TOMENTOSA. A tree of con-
siderable size growing in the island of
Curaçoa, and in Venezuela, which pro-
duces a resinous substance known as tac-
amahac. This tree is also classed as the
Fagara octandra and the Elaphrium tomen-
tosum. The Calophyllum inophyllum pro-
duces another variety called Tacamahaca
orientale or Tacamahaca in testis. The
Calophyllum tacamahaca growing in the
islands of Bourbon and Madagascar pro-
duces also a species of the gum, the prop-
erties of which are analogous to those of
the turpentines.
ANACAHUITE-WOOD. The prod-
uct of the tree Cordia boissieri, which at
one time was supposed to be a remedy in
phthisis.
ANACARDIACEÆ.
ANACARDIC ACID.
A family of
plants to which the genus Rhus belongs.
A peculiar
acid obtained from the black juice con-
tained between the outer and inner shell
of the cashew-nut (Anacardium occidentale
A tree grow-or Cassuvium pomiferum).
It is nutritive and demulcent, but
in its ordinary form is seldom given in-
ternally.
AMYRIS CARANNA. A tree grow-
ing in Mexico and South America which
produces a blackish-gray resinous sub-
stance called caranna or gum caranna,
which has a bitter, resinous taste, balsamic
odor, and a resemblance to tacamahac.
AMYRIS COMMIPHORA. A tree which
produces the Indian bdellium, a gum-
resin, analogous in medicinal properties
to gum myrrh.
ANACARDIUM
OCCIDENTALE.
(Cassuvium Pomiferum, Cashew-nut Tree.)
A small tree of the West Indies from the
bark of which a gum exudes, similar to
gum arabic, but only in part soluble in
water. It consists of true gum and bas-
sorin. Its fruit affords a juice which has
been recommended in uterine complaints
and dropsy, and which being converted
into a vinous liquor by fermentation yields
a spirit which is said to be powerfully di-
uretic.
ANACATHARTIC.
A medicine
which excites discharges by the mouth or
nose, as expectorants, emetics, sternuta-
tories, and masticatories.
AMYRIS ELEMIFERA. A plant grow
ing in Yucatan, which yields a variety of
gum distinguished by its penetrating odor.
AMYRIS GILEADENSIS. (Balsamoden-
dron Gileadense.) A small evergreen
tree growing on the Asiatic and African
shores of the Red Sea which produces the
resinous juice constituting the genuine
Balm of Gilead, Balsam of Gilead, or
Baume de la Mecque. It was formerly
known by the name Opobalsamum, the
dried twigs by Xylobalsamum, and the ANACYCLUS PYRETHRUM. (Anthemis
dried fruit by Carpobalsamum. It has Pyrethrum, Pyrethre.) A plant, native
ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM.
The plant from which it is said the pellit-
ory root (Pyrethri radix) of Germany is
chiefly obtained.
ANE
ANC
46
of the Levant, from which the pellitory also by other allied plants, among which
root (Pyrethri radix) is obtained. It is a are the Cocculus Plukenetii of Malabar,
powerful irritant, useful in headache, neu- and the Cocculus lacumosus, of Celebes.
ralgia, toothache, &c., &c., and closely It was originally imported from the Le-
resembles several species of chamomile, vant, and was called Cocculus Levanticus.
called Spanish chamomile.
The fruit is called fish-berries, from their
poisonous and intoxicating effects upon
them. They are an acrid narcotic poison,
and are never given internally. They
have been used in some skin diseases.
ANESTHETIC. Any medicine ca-
pable of rendering one insensible by inha-
lation; as ether, chloroform, &c.
ANESTHETIC COMPOUNDS. Chlorina-
ted compounds for anæsthetic purposes,
formed by the mutual action of chlorine
and olefiant gas.
ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS. (Scarlet
Pimpernel.) An annual plant growing
in Europe and this country, about the
medicinal properties of which little is
known. Four drops of a volatile oil ob-
tained from the dried herb produces in-
tense headache. Anagallis cærulea is
another specimen possessing similar prop-
erties.
ANAGALLIS CERULEA. See Anagallis
Arvensis.
ANALEPTIC. A restorative medi-
cine.
ANALOGOUS. Closely similar, but
differing in some approximate degrees, as
to each of the more prominent characters,
ANALYSIS. The separation of a
compound body into its constituent parts.
Ultimate Analysis. The resolution of a
compound substance into its elements.
Proximate Analysis. The determina-
tion of the proximate principles or com-
pounds in a compound; used especially
with reference to organic substances.
Qualitative Analysis. The determina-
tion simply of the ingredients present.
Quantitative Analysis. The determina-
tion of the proportions of the ingredients
or constituents.
ANANAS. The name of a species of
Bromelia; the pine-apple.
ANAPHRODISIAC. A medicine
capable of blunting the venereal appetite.
ANAPLEROTIC. An application
which promotes the granulation or incar-
nation of wounds or ulcers.
ANARCOTINA. A term applied to
narcotina, to denote its very limited ex-
tent of narcotic power.
ANASTALTIC. An astringent med-
icine.
A min-
ANATASE. (Octahedrite.)
eral; as native oxide of titanium.
ANATROU. Soda, or mineral fixed
alkali.
ANCHIETIA. A principle contained
in the root of Anchieta salutaris, which is
successfully used in Brazil for the treat-
ment of various skin diseases.
ANCHUSA ITALICI. (Buglosse.)
A biennial plant, whose root is mucilagi-
nous, and was used by the ancients in
hypochondriacal affections; but its effects
are ascribed to the vehicle in which it was
given, which was wine. Another species
(A. officinalis) possesses similar proper-
ties, but like the former is not known in
this country.
ANCHUSA OFFICINALIS. See A. Italici.
ANCHUSA TINCTORIA. (Alkanet, Litho-
Volumetric Analysis. A method of spermum Tinctorium, Dyer's Alkanet.) A
quantitative analysis, in which reagents perennial plant of the Grecian Archipelago
of a standard strength are employed. and of Southern Europe. Its root is em-
ANAMIRTA COCCULUS. (Meni-ployed chiefly as a dye.
spermum Cocculus, Cocculus Suberosus.) ANCHUSIC ACID. An acid obtained
A climbing shrub, with a suberose or from the fresh root of Anchusa tinctoria,
corky bark, native of continental India, which may be sublimed unchanged.
which furnishes the fruit called Cocculus Composed of CH 2003. Insoluble in
Indicus or Cocculus. The fruit is furnished water.
ANC
ANE
47
ANCHUSINE. A resinoid coloring
matter obtained from alkanet-root.
ANDA BRASILIENSIS. (Anda Go-
mesii.) A tree of Brazil, belonging to the
family of Euphorbiaceæ, the bark of
which, upon being wounded, yields a
milky juice, which is poisonous. The
seeds are active purgatives.
ANDA GOMESII. See Anda Brasiliensis.
ANDA OIL. A fixed oil procured by
expression from the seeds of Anda Bra-
siliensis, used in Brazil for burning and
painting. It is a mild purgative.
ANDARIC. Red orpiment.
ANDERSON'S PILLS. Three-grain
pills composed of twenty-four parts aloes,
four of soap, one part each of colocynth
and gamboge, one-half part of oil of anise,
and q. s. of water.
ANDIRA ANTHELMINTICA. The
wood of the Andira Inermis, which see.
ANDIRA INERMIS. (Geoffroya Inermis,
Cabbage Tree.) A leguminous tree, the
powdered bark of which resembles jalap,
for which it is sometimes substituted.
is a native of the West India Islands.
It
ANDIRA RETUSA. (Geoffroya Surinam-
ensis.) A species of cabbage tree grow-
ing in Surinam, considered more power-
fully vermifuge and less liable to produce
injurious effects. It is almost unknown
in this country.
ANDIRIN. A yellowish-brown col-
oring matter obtained by treating a con-
centrated decoction of Andira anthelmin-
tica with hydrate of lime, filtering after
forty-eight hours, evaporating to the con-
sistence of syrup, and exhausting the
residue with alcohol.
ANDROMEDA. A genus of plants.
ANDROMEDA ARBOREA. (Sorrel Tree.)
A tree growing in the valleys of the Alle-
ghanies, the leaves of which have a pleas-
ant acid taste and are said to allay thirst.
A decoction of the A. mariana is recom-
mended as a wash in ulceration of the
feet, and the powder upon the leaves and
buds of the A. speciosa, another species, is
said to be a powerful errhine.
ANDROPETALOUS. Double flowers
produced by the conversion of the sta-
mens into petals.
ANDROPOGON NARDUS. A grass
cultivated in the Moluccas, the oil from
which is used to adulterate the oil of rose
geranium.
ANEMONE LUDOVICIANA. An
American species of Anemone pratensis,
or meadow anemone, growing in Minne-
sota, which has been employed in syphilis,
and diseases of the eye and skin.
ANEMONE, MEADOW. (Anemone Pra-
tensis, Wind-flower.) A European plant;
said to be useful in amaurosis, secondary
syphilis, and skin diseases. A. pulsatilla is
an analogous species. A. nemorosa, which
is common to this country as well as
Europe, is said to act as a poison to cattle.
All the species contain a peculiar acrid
crystallizable principle called Anemonin,
which burns like camphor, and is con-
verted into Anemonic acid by the action
of alkalies.
ANEMONE NEMOROSA,
ANEMONE PRATENSIS,
ANEMONE PULSATILLA.
See Anem-
one, Meadow.
See Anemone,
ANEMONIC ACID, Meadow.
}
ANEMONIN.
ANETHI FRUCTUS. (Dill Fruit.)
The fruit of Anethum graveolens.
ANETHOL. A name given to the
solid and liquid oils of anise. Stearoptine
or anise camphor, the solid anethol, and
eleoptine the liquid; both having similar
compositions but differing mainly in
properties, which constitute the oils anise,
of star aniseed, and of fennel. It is a hy-
drocarbon.
ANETHUM FŒNICULUM. (Fonic-
ulum Vulgare, Common Fennel, Foeniculum
Dulce.) A name applied to two varieties
of fennel; the common, or wild, and the
sweet. It is a native of Europe, growing
on sandy and chalky ground. Its fruit is
a grateful aromatic, and is employed as a
carminative.
ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS. (Dill.) An
See A. Ar- annual plant, native of Spain and Por-
tugal. The seed is the only part used;
ANDROMEDA MARIANA,borea.
ANDROMEDA SPECIOSA.
} bored.
ANG
ANI
48
they yield a volatile oil, which is aro- | liar alkaline principle called Brucia. The
matic and moderately pungent.
plant was first supposed to be derived
ANGELIC ACID. A fatty acid con- from Brucia antidysenterica, but was
tained in croton oil.
ANGELICA. The name of a genus of
umbelliferous plants, arranged in the class
and order Pentandria digynia.
ANGELICA. (Archangelica Officinalis,
Garden Angelica.) The root of Angelica
archangelica, a North European plant,
possessing elegant aromatic properties.
· Angelica atropurpurea is the species for-
merly recognized by the U. S. P. as offici-
nal but is now rejected.
ANGELICA ARCHANGELICA,
See An-
ANGELICA ATROPURPUREA, gelica.
ANGELICA OFFICINALIS.
ANGELICA TREE. A name applied to
the Aralia spinosa, which see.
ANGELICIN. An amorphous crys-
talline principle contained in angelica
root.
ANGELICIC ACID. A volatile acid
obtained from angelica root, masterwort,
&c. HỌ,CH,Og.
10
3*
ANGIOSPERM. A plant which has
its seeds inclosed in a pericarp or pod.
ANGLESITE. Native sulphate of
lead.
ANGOLA-WEED. A commercial
name for a number of species of lichens
which produce the peculiar coloring mat-
ter called litmus or lacmus.
ANGRÆCUM FRAGRANS. An
orchideous plant, native of the Isle of
Bourbon, the leaves of which have long
been used under the name of Falium, for
the same purposes as Chinese tea. They
have a strong agreeable odor.
A red gum
of the East
afterwards referred to an unknown spe-
cies of Strychnos (S. colubrina), because
it contained the characteristic ingredient
of that genus of plants, Brucia. It is
therefore ascribed to Strychnos nux vom-
ica, with which its identity has been con-
firmed.
ANHYDRITE. Anhydrous gypsum;
differing from gypsum in not containing
water. It occurs in rectangular crystals,
nearly colorless, or of pale shades of blue
or red; also fibrous, radiated, and granu-
lar. A siliceous variety is called vulpi-
nite.
ANHYDROUS. Destitute of water.
ANHYDROUS ALCOHOL. See Alcohol,
Absolute.
ANIL. A shrub from whose leaves
and stalks indigo is made; a species of
indigo fern or indigo plant.
ANILINA. (Phenylamina, Phenamide,
Kyanole, Crystalline Benzidam.) An arti-
ficial alkaloid prepared on a small scale
from nitrobenzole, iron filings, and strong
acetic acid. It is a colorless oil, of vi-
nous odor and aromatic taste, composed
of C₁₂H,H₂N, sp. gr. 1.2. Combined with
sulphuric acid it forms the medicinal sul-
phate.
12 5 2
ANILINÆ SULPHAS. See Anilina.
ANILINE, A base, analogous to
ANILIN,
ammonia, and consisting
ANILIA. of twelve parts of carbon,
seven of hydrogen, and one of nitrogen.
It is produced by indigo, coal tar, and
other substances, on distillation, and af-
fords a deep violet-blue color with chlo-
ANGSANA Indies, resembling Dra- ride of lime or by reaction with bicar-
ANGSAVA.
gon's blood.
ANGUSTURA. The bark of Galipea
officinalis or G. cusparia, a small tree
growing on the mountains of Carony, the
bark of which is considered a stimulant
tonic, and, in large doses, emetic and
cathartic. A bark under the name of
False Angustura, which is poisonous, has
been introduced in Europe, mixed with
the true angustura. It contains a pecu-
bonate of potassa.
ANILIN RED. A color obtained by
treating anilin with bichloride of mercury
or perchloride of tin.
ANIMAL CHARCOAL. (Carbo Ani-
malis, Animal Carbon, Bone Black, Ivory
Black.) Charcoal prepared from bone.
The residue of bones which have been
exposed to a red heat without access of
the air, is a black matter, which, when
ANI
ANT
49
16
reduced to powder, forms bone black-im- | the oxidation of anise oil by nitric or
properly called ivory black. Ivory by chromic acid,-HO,С₁Н,О5.
carbonization furnishes a very fine qual-
ity, and is more esteemed than the ordi-
nary bone black, but is more expensive.
ANIMAL CHARCOAL PURIFIED. (Carbo
Animalis Purificatus.) Animal charcoal
treated with water and muriatic acid until
it becomes pure.
ANIMAL CHARCOAL REVIVIFIED. Ani-
mal charcoal revivified after having been
once used or having lost its absorbing
quality; an object of some importance to
the manufacturing chemist. It is done
by exposing it to an intense heat, in order
to decompose all organic, and drive off all
volatile principles it may have absorbed.
ANIMAL QUINOIDINE. A substance
identical or analogous with quinia, said to
exist normally in the animal system. It
has not yet been isolated.
ANIME. A resin exuding from the
stem of a large South American tree, Hy-
menæa courbaril, called gum anime, exten-
sively used by varnish makers. It is also
used as an incense.
ANINGA. A root growing in the
West Indies, like the China plant, used
in refining sugar.
ANION. An electro-negative element.
ANISE. (Anisum.) The fruit or seeds
of Pimpinella anisum. They are a grate-
ful aromatic carminative.
ANISE CAMPHOR. A peculiar oil, solid
at ordinary temperatures, contained in oil
of anise; called also stearoptene, and com-
posed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
ANISEED, STAR. (Badiane, Star
Anise.) A seed obtained from the Illicium
anisatum, an evergreen tree growing in
China and Japan, the aromatic and car-
minative fruit of which is used in the
preparation and flavoring of liquors.
ANISE TREE, FLORIDA. (Illicium
Floridanum.) An evergreen tree or shrub
growing in Florida. The bark, leaves,
and seed, are similar in properties to the
common anise.
ANISOMERIA DRASTICA. A plant
abounding in stony sections of the Cor-
dilleras of the central provinces of Chili,
and bears great resemblance to Phytolacca
decandra. The root is a powerful emetic
and drastic.
ANISUM. See Anise.
ANKERITE. A mineral composed of
the carbonates of iron, lime, and magne-
sia.
ANNOTTA. (Orleana, Arnotta, Rou-
cou.) A coloring substance composed of
the reddish pulp surrounding the seeds in
the fruit of Bixa orellana, a tree of South
America. It is chiefly used for dyeing
silk and cotton an orange-yellow, and for
coloring cheese.
ANNUAL. An annual plant is one
the leaves of which grow in the spring
and perish in the autumn, in opposition
to evergreen.
ANNULAR. An annular crystal is
when a hexahedral prism has six, or an
octahedral prism has eight marginal faces
disposed in a ring about each base.
ANODYNE. Any medicine which al-
lays pain, as the opiates, ethers, &c.
ANODYNE ENEMA. (Enema Opii, Ene-
ma Opii vel Anodynum.) An enema formed
by the combination of one-half drachm of
tinct. opii and two ounces of mucilage of
starch.
ANODYNE LINIMENT. (Linimentum
Opii.) A liniment formed by the combi-
nation of equal parts of tincture of opium
and soap liniment.
ANOINT. To pour oil upon; to smear
or rub over with oil or unctuous sub-
stances.
ANTACID. A remedy for acidity of
the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent.
ANTALKALI,
A medicine for
ANTALKALINE. (neutralizing al-
kali, or for counteracting an alkaline ten-
dency in the system.
ANTAPOPLECTIC.
A remedy for
ANTARTHRITIC.
A remedy for
ANISETTE. A cordial flavored with apoplexy.
aniseed.
ANISIC ACID. An acid produced by gout.
4
ANT
ANT
50
ANTASTHMATIC.
asthma.
A remedy for | stirred together. When completed it is
taken from the fire, and the stirring
ANTEMETIC. A remedy for vomit- continued until the whole is converted
into a homogeneous black powder. A sul-
ing.
ANTENNARIA MARGARITACEA. | phuretted anthrakokali is prepared in a
The plant commonly known by the name
of life everlasting. The leaves are said to
be astringent and expectorant.
ANTHELMINTIC.
worms.
similar manner, 16 parts of sulphur being
mixed with the mineral coal before it is
added to the caustic potassa solution.
A remedy for These preparations are recommended both
internally and externally in scrofula,
rheumatism, &c.
ANTHEMIC ACID. An acid obtained
from Anthemis arvensis, an inferior species
of chamomile.
ANTHRANILIC ACID. An acid
formed by the action of bromine on ben-
ANTHEMIS FLORES. (Anthemis, zoic acid. It is identical with amido-
Roman Chamomile, Kamille, Chamomile | benzoic acid.
Flowers.) The flowers of Anthemis nobilis,
a plant, native of Europe. They are a
mild tonic, and in large doses emetic.
ANTHEMIS. See Anthemis Flores.
ANTHEMIS ARVENSIS. An inferior
species of chamomile.
ANTHEMIS COTULA. (Mayweed, Ma-
ruta Cotula, Hunds-kamille, Stinkende-
kamille.) A species of chamomile pos-
sessing the properties common to its class,
but having a very disagreeable odor.
ANTHEMIS NOBILIS. See Anthemis
Flores.
ANTHEMIS PARTHENOIDES. (Matri-
caria Parthenoides.) A plant, the flowers
of which are sold in France indiscrimi-
nately with chamomile flowers.
ANTHEMIS PYRETHRUM. See Anacyc-
lus Pyrethrum.
ANTHEMIS TINCTORIA. A species of
chamomile employed in Europe as a tonic
and vermifuge.
ANTHOXANTHUM
ODORATUM.
A plant which yields an odorous principle
identical with the coumarin of the tonka
bean.
ANTHRACEN. A petroleum hydro-
carbon.
1
ANTHRACITE. A hard, compact
variety of mineral coal, composed chiefly
of carbon.
ANTHRAKOKALI. A preparation
formed by adding 160 parts porphyrized
mineral coal to 192 parts of a concentrated
and boiling solution of caustic potassa
contained in an iron vessel, the whole
ANTHRENUS. Parasitic animals,
which live in or on the body of the Span-
ish fly. Camphor is said to be a prevent-
ive to the extent that it destroys the mites
of the cantharis which exist so often in
the powder.
ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIUM.
(Chœrophyllum Sativum, Scandix Cerefo-
lium, Chervil.) A European plant used
as a pot-herb, but said to possess emmena-
gogue, diuretic, and deobstruent proper-
ties.
ANTHROPHYLLITE. A mineral
composed chiefly of silica, magnesia, and
iron.
ANTIAR. (Upas Antiar.) A poison
used by the natives of the East India
Islands for poisoning their arrows. Its
active ingredient is a gum-resinous exu-
dation, proceeding from incisions in the
trunk of the Antiaris toxicaria, a large
tree growing in Java. Its poison seems
similar to digitalis, tobacco, and aconite;
and owes its activity to a peculiar prin-
ciple called antiarin.
ANTIARIN,
ANTIARIS TOXICARIA.}
See
Antiar.
ANTIARIS TOXICARIA.
ANTIATTRITION. A compound ap-
plied to machinery to prevent the effects
of friction. It generally consists of plum-
bago with some oily substance.
ANTIBILIOUS. Counteracting bil-
iousness.
ANTICACHECTIC. A medicine that
tends to correct an ill habit of the body.
ANT
ANT
51
ANTICATARRHAL.
catarrh.
A remedy for ration formed by mixing intimately one
ounce of oxide of antimony with two
ANTICAUSOTIC. A remedy for a ounces of the precipitated phosphate of
burning fever.
lime. It is an alterative, diaphoretic, and
ANTICONTAGIOUS. A remedy for purgative, or emetic, according to the dose
contagion; a disinfectant.
ANTICONVULSIVE. A remedy for
fits.
ANTICOSMETIC.
beauty.
given.
ANTIMONIAL WINE. (Vinum Anti-
monii, Vinum Antimoniale, Wine of Anti-
Destructive to mony.) A preparation formed by dis-
solving thirty-two grains of tartar emetic
in one ounce of boiling water, and adding
sufficient sherry wine to make the whole
measure a pint.
ANTIDOTAL. That which has the
quality of preventing the effects of poison.
ANTIDYSENTERIC. A remedy for
dysentery.
ANTIENNEAHEDRAL. A crystal
having nine faces on its two opposite
parts.
ANTIFEBRILE. A remedy for fever.
ANTIFLATULENT. A remedy for
flatulence.
ANTIMONIATE
OF POTASSA.
(Potassæ Antimonias.) A salt formed by
the union of antimonic acid and potassa,
and composed of KO,SbO+HO. It is a
white insoluble powder.
ANTIMONIATE OF QUININE. A salt
formed by the union of antimonic acid
with quinia. It is recommended as a
febrifuge.
ANTIGALACTIC. A medicine which
tends to diminish the secretion of milk.
ANTIMONIATED HYDROGEN. A
ANTIGUGGLER. A siphon to be in-
gaseous medicinal substance administered
troduced into the neck of a bottle for the by inhalation in cases of pneumonia and
purpose of drawing out the liquor without capillary bronchitis. It can be prepared
disturbing the sediment.
at the moment it is needed by taking a
ANTIHECTIC. A remedy for hectic drachm of pure antimony, two drachms
of zinc, forming an alloy; then mixed
ANTIHYPNOTIC. A medicine that with a drachm of tartar emetic or chloride
tends to prevent sleep.
disorders.
ANTIHYPOCHONDRIAC. A medi-
cine which has a tendency to cure depres-
sion of spirits.
ANTIHYSTERIC.
hysteria.
A remedy for
ANTILITHIC. A remedy for the
destruction of urinary calculi, or for the
prevention of their formation.
of antimony, introduced into a bottle with
a large tubulure. As the gas is needed,
from one-half to one drachm of muriatic
acid is added, which generates it.
ANTIMONIC ACID. A lemon-col-
ored powder prepared by oxidizing the
metal by digestion in nitric acid, and
driving off the excess of the acid by a
heat not exceeding 600°.
ANTIMONII ET POTASSA TAR-
ANTIMONY. A metallic ore con-
sisting of sulphur combined with a metal; TRAS. (Antimonium Tartaritum, Anti-
the sulphuret of antimony, or the stibium | monium Tartarizatum, Tartrate of Anti-
of the Romans. It is found in the mines of
Bohemia and Hungary, in France, and in
England and America. This word is also
used for the pure metal or regulus of anti-
mony, a metal of a grayish or silvery
white color. Its preparations act vio-
lently, as emetics and cathartics.
mony and Potassa, Tartarated Antimony,
Tartarized Antimony, Tartar Emetic.) A
salt formed by adding to water, heated to
the boiling-point, a mixture of oxide of
antimony and cream of tartar, boiling for
an hour, filtering, and crystallizing.
ANTIMONII IODIDUM. (Iodide of Anti-
ANTIMONIAL POWDER. (Pulvis mony, Teriodide of Antimony.) A prepa-
Antimonialis, James's Powder.) A preparation formed by heating in a Florence
ANT
ANT
52
ANTIMONIUM NIGRUM. See Antimonii
Sulphuretum.
flask metallic antimony and iodine, in | hour a mixture of pure powdered anti-
the proportion of one equivalent to three. mony with twice its weight of powdered
ANTIMONII OXIDUM. (Oxide of Anti- nitrate of potassa.
mony.) An oxide similar to the powder
formerly called Powder of Algaroth,
which is an oxychloride. It is prepared
in France by boiling the oxychloride with
a solution of bicarbonate of potassa. It
possesses the general therapeutical proper-
ties of the antimonials.
ANTIMONII OXYSULPHURETUM. (Oxy-
sulphuret of Antimony, Kermes Mineral.)
A preparation formed by treating the ter-
sulphuret of antimony with a boiling
solution of the carbonated alkalies.
ANTIMONIUM SULPHURATUM. See An-
timonii Sulphuretum Aureum.
ANTIMONIUM TARTARATUM,
ANTIMONIUM See
ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM.
Antimonii et Potassa Tartras.
ANTIMONY ASH. A dull grayish-
white powder; the result of a completion
of the roasting process of the antimony
ore in the extraction of antimony.
ANTIMONY, BLACK. See Antimonii
Sulphuretum.
ANTIMONII SULPHURetum. (Crude
Antimony, Native Sulphide of Antimony, ANTIMONY, COMPOUND PILLS. (Pil-
Sulphuret of Antimony. Black Antimony, ulæ Antimonii Compositæ, Pilulæ Hy-
Antimonium Nigrum, Artificial Sulphuret drargyri Subchloridi Comp., Pilulæ Cal-
of Antimony.) Native sulphuret of anti- omelanos Comp., Compound Calomel Pill,
mony; when purified by fusion it is Plummer's Pills.) Three-grain pills com-
called black antimony. It is a tersul-posed of one part each of sulphurated an-
phuret consisting of one equivalent of an-
timony and three of sulphur. Its effects
are uncertain, sometimes not having any
at all, at other times producing violent
vomiting; the latter is the case when
there is a considerable amount of acid in
the stomach.
ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM AUREUM.
(Antimonii Sulphuretum Precipitatum,
Antimonii Oxysulphuretum, Sulphurated
Antimony, Precipitated Sulphuret of An-
timony, Golden Sulphur, Golden Sul-
phuret of Antimony.) Golden sulphur is
produced when, after spontaneous subsi-
dence of Kermes mineral, in the process
for obtaining it, an acid is added to the
liquid.
ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM PRECIPI-
See Antimonii Sulphuretum Au-
TATUM.
reum.
timony and calomel, and two parts each
of powdered guaiac and molasses.
ANTIMONY CROCUS. (Saffron of Anti-
mony.) A compound formed during the
deflagrating of a mixture of equal weights
of tersulphuret of antimony and nitrate
of potash, to which one-twelfth of muri-
atic acid has been added. It is sometimes
used for making tartar emetic.
ANTIMONY GLASS. (Vitrum Anti-
monii.) A compound prepared from the
tersulphuret of antimony by a partial
roasting and subsequent fusion. When
the levigated powder is mixed with one-
eighth of its weight of yellow wax, and
the mixture roasted over a slow fire, with
constant stirring, until it ceases to exhale
vapors, a coal-like pulverizable mass is
formed, which is the cerated glass of anti-
mony.
ANTIMONIOUS ACID. Antimonic ANTIMONY, OXYCHLORIDE. (Pulvis
acid deprived of its oxygen. SbO3=144. | Algarothi, Nitromuriatic Oxide of Anti-
ANTIMONIUM. (Antimony, Stibium, mony.) See Algaroth.
Regulus of Antimony, Metallic Antimony.)
See Antimony.
ANTIMONY SUBOXIDE. One of the
constituents of the teroxide of antimony,
ANTIMONIUM DIAPHORETICUM. (Po- composed of three equivalents of anti-
tassæ Biantimonias, Diaphoretic Anti-mony and four of oxygen.
mony.) A compound formed by defla- ANTIMONY TERIODIDE. See Antimonii
grating in a red-hot crucible for half an Iodidum.
ANT
API
53
A remedy for
ANTISEPTIC. A remedy for a pu-
trescent tendency in the system.
ANTISPASMODIC.
spasms or convulsions.
ANTISPLENITIC.
diseases of the spleen.
ANTISTRUMATIC. A remedy for
ANTIMONY TEROXIDE. The active in-
gredient in all the medicinal preparations
of antimony. It consists of one equiv-
alent of antimony and three of oxygen,
and differs from antimonious acid in being
soluble in muriatic acid and more fusible
and volatile.
ANTIMONY TERSULPHUret. The na-scrofula.
tive antimony ore. See Antimonii Sul-
phuretum.
ANTINEPHRITIC. A medicine that
tends to remove diseases of the kidneys.
ANTIPARALYTIC. A remedy for
palsy.
ANTIPERIODIC. A remedy for the
prevention of the return of periodic dis-
eases; as intermittents.
ANTIPERISTALTIC.
Counteract-
ing or checking peristaltic action; acting
upwards instead of downward; opposite
to peristaltic.
ANTIPERISTASIS. The opposition
of a contrary quality, by which the quality
opposed acquires strength; or the action
by which a body attacked collects force
by opposition; or the intension of the
activity of one quality by the opposition
of another. Thus quicklime is set on fire,
or sensible heat is excited in it, by mixture
with water; and cold applied to the hu-
man body may increase its heat.
ANTIPHLOGISTIC. A medicine or
diet which tends to obviate a phlogistic
condition.
Anti-
septics;
A remedy for
ANTISYPHILITIC. A remedy for
syphilis.
ANTIZYMIC.
tation.
Preventing fermen-
ANTIZYMOTIC. A substance which
destroys or renders inert all microscopic
organized beings which are hostile to
human health by promoting the ferment-
ing process.
ANTOZONE. A term applied to oxy-
gen in the state in which it exists in
peroxide of hydrogen, which is considered
by some as in the positive state.
APATITE. Native phosphate of lime.
APERIENT. A laxative.
APERIENT EFFERVESCING POWDErs.
(Pulveres Effervescentes Aperientes, Seid-
litz Powders.)
APERITIVE SAFFRON OF MARS.
See Carbonate of Iron, Precip.
APETALOUS. Having no petals or
flower leaves.
APHANESITE. A copper ore.
APHLOGISTIC. Flameless.
APHRITE. An earthy variety of car-
bonate of lime.
APHRIZITE.
tourmalin.
A variety of black
APHRODÆSIN. An amorphous,
colorless principle, whose formula is
C104H85047; resembles saponin in many
respects, and is decomposed into butyric
and æscinic acid, CH006, by the aid of
alkalies.
96 80
ANTIPUTREFACTIVE,
ANTIPUTRESCENT.
counteracting or preventing putrefaction.
ANTIPYRETIC. A remedy for fever.
ANTIPYROTIC. A remedy for burns.
ANTIRRHINIC ACID. A volatile
acid resembling valerianic acid, obtained
from the leaves of the Digitalis purpurea.
ANTIRRHINUM LINARIA. (Li-
naria Vulgaris, Common Toadflax.) A a tendency to excite venereal desire.
European plant, said to possess diuretic
properties. In the form of an ointment
its flowers are used as an application to
piles. They are also used for dyeing
yellow.
ANTISCORBUTIC.
scurvy.
A remedy for
APHRODISIAC. A medicine having
APHTHITALITE. A compound salt,
composed chiefly of the sulphates of pot-
ash and soda and common salt. It is
found on the lavas at Vesuvius.
APHYLLOUS. Destitute of leaves.
APICULATED. Terminated abrupt-
ly by a small distinct point, as a leaf.
API
APY
54
+
APIIN. A peculiar gelatinous sub-cording to the formulas prescribed by the
stance, resembling pectic acid in appear- College of Physicians, and were liable to
ance, obtained from the parsley herb. have their shops visited by the censors of
APIOL. A peculiar substance obtained the college, who had power to destroy
from the seeds of the parsley.
medicines which were not good. Apothe-
caries were the most numerous class of
medical practitioners in England, called
general practitioners. In the Middle
Ages an apothecary was the keeper of
any shop or warehouse, and an officer ap-
The common pointed to take charge of a magazine. It
seems proper and right that in this age
The of pharmacy some distinction should be
made in the titles of those who deal in
APIRINA. An alkaloid obtained by
Bizio from the seeds of Cocos lapidea. It
is white, inodorous, of a sharp taste, fusi-
ble, soluble in 600 parts of water, without
alkaline reaction.
APIS MELLIFICA.
bee.
APIUM PETROSELINUM.
parsley herb. See Petroselinum.
APOCRUSTIC. A medicine which drugs, distinguishing those who follow
constringes; a repellent.
the business merely as a mercantile pur-
suit from those who are interested in its
scientific aspects, and who make it a study.
The titles of Pharmacist, Pharmacian,
APOCYNACEÆ. A class of plants
to which belong the genera Apocynum,
Strychnos, and Wrightia.
APOCYNIN. A peculiar active prin- Pharmaceutist, and others, have been
ciple obtained from Indian hemp.
APOCYNUM ANDROSEMIFOLI-
UM. (Dog's Bane.) An indigenous, per-
ennial, herbaceous plant flourishing in the
United States, the root of which is a tonic,
and, in large doses, emetic.
(Indian
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
Hemp.) A plant similar in appearance
to the A. androsæmifolium, and grows in
like places. The root is powerfully emetic
and cathartic, diuretic, and promotes dia-
phoresis and expectoration.
APOMORPHIA. A salt obtained by
digesting morphia in concentrated hydro-
chloric acid at a high temperature for
several hours. It differs from morphia
in containing an equivalent less of hydro-
gen and oxygen, or the elements of water.
APOPHLEGMATIC. A medicine
which excites discharges of phlegm.
APOPHYLLITE. A mineral com-
posed of silica, lime, and potash.
APORETIN. A resinous substance
obtained from rhubarb.
APOSEPEDIN. A peculiar crystal-
lized substance obtained from cheese.
APOTHECARY. One who practices
pharmacy; one who prepares drugs for
medicinal purposes and keeps them for
sale. In England, apothecaries were for-
merly obliged to prepare medicines ac-
proposed as scientific appellations.
APOTHEME. A term synonymous
with deposit, which Berzelius proposed to
substitute for oxidized extractive, believing
the latter to be incorrect, for the reason
that considerable carbon is also present.
See Extractive.
APOZEM. A decoction in which the
medicinal substances of plants are ex-
tracted by boiling.
APPARATUS. A complete set of in-
struments or utensils for performing any
operation or experiment.
APPERT'S PROCESS.
A process of
sealing bottles, which consists in heating
and sealing when quite full, as in the bot-
tling of dandelion juice.
APPLE ESSENCE. An alcoholic so-
lution of the valerianate of amylic ether,
in the proportion of about one part of
ether to six or eight of alcohol.
APPLE WHISKY. Distilled cider.
APPROXIMATE. Nearest to; next;
near to. Approximate principles are those
which are nearly, but not absolutely equal.
i
APYROUS. Incombustible, or that
which sustains a strong heat without al-
teration of form or properties. Apyrous
bodies differ from those simply refractory;
the latter bodies cannot be fused by heat,
but may be altered.
AQU
AQU
55
AQUA. (Water.) Natural water in
its purest attainable state is composed of
one equivalent of hydrogen and one of
oxygen. Its specific gravity is assumed
to be unity, and forms the term of com-
parison for that of solids and liquids. It
is compressible to a small extent.
AQUA ACIDI CARBONICI. (Artificial
Seltzer Water.) Water impregnated by
five times its own bulk of carbonic acid.
AQUA AMMONIÆ. See Ammonia Solu-
tion.
AQUA AMMONIE FORTIOR. See Am-
monia, Stronger Water.
AQUA AMYGDALE AMARÆ. (Bitter
Almond Water.) Rub sixty grains of car-
bonate of magnesia with sixteen minims
of oil of bitter almonds, then with two
pints of water gradually added, and filter.
AQUA ANETHI. (Dill Water.) Bruised
dill fruit, one pound; water, two gallons;
distil one gallon.
AQUA AURANTII FLORUM. (Orange
Flower Water.) Forty-eight troy ounces
of orange flowers; sixteen pints of water;
distil eight pints.
AQUA BINELLA. An Italian nostrum
which at one time enjoyed a reputation
as a styptic. It is thought that it con-
tained creasote. It is not now in use.
Proceed in the manner directed for aqua
carui, using sixty drops of the oil of cin-
namon, two drachms of carb. magnesia,
and four pints of distilled water.
AQUA CREASOTI. (Creasote Water.)
Mix together one drachm of creasote and
one pint of distilled water, and agitate.
AQUA DESTILLATA. (Distilled Water.)
Take eighty pints of water, distil two
pints and reject it; then distil sixty-four
pints, and keep in glass bottles.
AQUA FLUVIALIS. (River Water.)
River water contains less saline matter
than spring water.
AQUA FENICULI.
Oil of fennel, thirty drops; carb. magne-
(Fennel Water.)
sia, sixty grains; distilled water, two
pints. Proceed in the manner directed
for aqua
carui.
AQUA FONTANA.
Spring water is purest when it passes
(Spring Water.)
through sand or gravel.
AQUA FORTIS. See Acid, Nitric.
AQUA LAUROCERASI. See Cherry Lau-
rel Water.
AQUA LUCIE. (Eau de Luce.) A kind
of oil of amber and balsam of Gilead with
of liquid soap formed by mixing a tincture
aqua ammonia.
Aqua Marina. (Beryl, Sea Water.)
AQUA CALCIS. (Liquor Calcis, Lime
AQUA MENTHE PIPERITE. (Pepper-
Water, Solution of Lime.) Pour gradu-
mint Water.) Oil of peppermint, one-
ally upon four troy ounces of lime a gal-half drachm; carb. magnesia, one drachm;
lon of distilled water, stir, set aside for a
few hours, then pour it into a well-stopped
bottle, and pour off the clear liquid as
needed.
AQUA CAMPHORE. (Camphor Water.)
Rub two drachms of gum camphor with
forty drops of alcohol, then with a half
ounce of carb. magnesia, then with two
pints of water, and filter.
AQUA CARUI. (Caraway Water.) Rub
thirty drops of oil of caraway with sixty
grains of carb. magnesia; then with two
pints of water; and filter.
distilled water, two pints. Proceed in the
manner directed for aqua carui.
AQUA MENTHE VIRIDIS. (Spearmint
Water.) Oil of spearmint, one-half
drachm; carb. magnesia, one drachm;
distilled water, two pints. Proceed in
the manner directed for aqua carui.
AQUA NICOTIANE. Take of fresh, green
tobacco leaves eight pounds; cut them,
and add alcohol, one and one-half pounds;
water q. s.; mix, and distil eight pounds.
It is a remedy introduced by a German
physician, who highly recommends it in
the first stages of pneumonia. Dose one-
half to one fluid drachm.
AQUA CHLORINII. (Liquor Chlori,
Chlorine Water, Solution of Chlorine.)
Distilled water impregnated with chlo-
rine. It is stimulant and antiseptic.
AQUA CINNAMOMI. (Cinnamon Water.) | Yellow Wash.) A wash prepared by
AQUA PHAGED ENICA.
(Lotio Flava,
.
1
AQU
ARA
56
AQUA PICIS LIQUIDA. (Tar Water,
Infusion of Tar, Infusum Picis Liquidæ.)
Tar, one pint; water, four pints; mix
them; pour off the infusion, and filter.
mixing a half drachm of corrosive subli- bin, Pure Gum, Gummate of Lime.) Pure
mate with a pint of lime water.
gum or arabin consists of a substance
soluble in water, having acid properties
combined with about 3 per cent. of lime,
forming a soluble salt. According to
some writers it is the gummate of lime.
It may be obtained in a soluble state by
decomposing gum arabic by means of ox-
alic acid, which separates the lime with-
out modifying the condition of the acid.
AQUA PIMENTÆ. (Pimento Water.)
Bruised pimento, fourteen ounces; water,
two gallons; distil one gallon.
AQUA REGIA. A term applied to nitro-
muriatic acid by the earlier chemists, on
account of it possessing the property of
dissolving gold.
AQUA ROSE. (Rose Water.) Pale rose
flowers, forty-eight ounces; water, two
gallons; distil one gallon.
AQUA SAMBUCI. (Elder Flower Water.)
Elder flowers, ten pounds; water, two
gallons; distil one gallon.
AQUA SAPPHIRINA. A rich, deep-blue
solution formed by the solution of the hy-
drated protoxide of copper in ammonia.
AQUA TILIE. A distilled water used
in Europe, obtained from the flowers and
bracts of Tilia Europea, and considerably
used as an adjuvant, mostly in diuretic
and diaphoretic mixtures.
ARABIN. See Arabic Acid.
ARACEÆ. A class of plants which
includes the genera Symplocarpus, Cala-
dium, and Tacca.
ARACHIC ACID. An acid obtained
from the fruit of Arachis hypogœa, com-
posed of C40H4004-
ARACHIS. A genus of plants. See
Arachis Hypogœa.
ARACHIS HYPOGEA. A leguminous
annual plant, which produces the ground-
nuts or peanuts, the oil of which answers
as a substitute for other oils in the prepa-
ration of some of the cerates, and is also
used for various purposes in the arts, as
for lubricating machinery and in the
manufacture of woollen cloths. It also
AQUA VITÆ. Brandy or spirit of wine. serves for burning in lamps.
AQUE. Waters.
AQUÆ MEDICATE. (Medicated Waters.)
Waters impregnated with medicinal sub-
stances.
ARALIA BARK. See Aralia Spinosa.
ARALIA HISPIDA, See Aralia Nu-
ARALIA RACEMOSA.
} dicaulis.
ARALIA NUDICAULIS. (False Sarsa-
AQUATIC. A plant which grows in parilla, Wild Sarsaparilla, Small Spike-
water.
AQUATINTA. A method of engrav-
ing by nitric acid, by which an effect is
produced resembling a drawing in water
colors or India ink.
AQUEOUS,
Having the qualities
AQUOSE, of water; water.
AQUIFOLIACEÆ. A family of
plants, which includes the genera Ilex and
Villaresia.
AQUIFORM. In the form of water.
AQUILEGIA VULGARIS. A pe-
rennial plant, all parts of which have
been medicinally employed. It is said to
be diuretic, diaphoretic, and antiscorbutic,
and is suspected of possessing dangerous
properties.
nard.) An indigenous perennial plant,
the root of which is a gentle stimulant
and diaphoretic, and by some considered
alterative.
The root of Aralia Racemosa or Ameri-
can Spikenard resembles it in properties,
and is used for the same purposes. Aralia
hispida or Dwarf Elder is highly recom-
mended as a diuretic in dropsy.
ARALIA SPINOSA. (Angelica Tree,
Toothache Tree.) An indigenous arbor-
escent shrub, the bark of which-Aralia
bark-is considered a stimulant, diapho-
retic, and said to be useful in rheumatism,
syphilis, and toothache.
ARALIACEÆ. A family of plants,
of which the genera Aralia and Panax
ARABIC ACID. (Gummic Acid, Ara- are members.
ARA
ARC
57
ARANEA. A term applied to a genus chemists to denote the internal efficient
of spiders.
ARANEOUS. Resembling a cobweb.
ARAUCARIA DOMBEYI. A species
of turpentine obtained in Chili, which is
said to be identical with the Norfolk
Island Pine.
ARBOR ALBA MINOR. A plant cor-
responding with the Melaleuca cajuputi,
which yields the oil of cajuput.
ARBOR DIANE. (The Tree of Diana.)
A precipitation of silver in a beautiful ar-
borescent form, made by adding mercury
to a solution of nitrate of silver.
Arbor SaturnNI. An arborescent pre-
cipitation of lead made by suspending a
piece of zinc in a solution of acetate of
lead.
ARBOR VITE. (Thuja Occidentalis,
Thuya Occidentalis.) An indigenous ever-
green tree, the leaves or twigs of which
have a strong balsamic, camphorous, bitter
taste. It is used in cancerous and venereal
affections, rheumatism, &c., as an emmen-
agogue, and an oil from the leaves as an
anthelmintic.
cause of all things; the anima mundi, or
plastic power, of the old philosophers;
the active principle of the material world,
or the power that presides over the ani-
mal economy, or the vis medicatrix.
ARCHIATER. Chief physician; a
term applied on the continent of Europe
to the first, or body physician, of princes,
and to the first physicians of cities. In
Russia to the first imperial physician.
ARCHIL. A lichen which grows on
rocks in the Canary and Cape de Verde
Islands, and which yields a rich purple
color, not durable but very beautiful. It
is contused between stones, and moistened
with strong spirit of wine mixed with
quicklime. It first takes a purplish red
color and then turns to blue. In the first
state it is called archil, and in the second
lacmus or litmus.
ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE. The
law that when a body is immersed in a
liquid it displaces a quantity of liquid
equal in bulk to itself, and appears to be
lighter in the liquid than in air, by the
weight of the liquid displaced. The prin-
ciple received its name from the follow-
ing circumstance: It is said that Hiero,
king of Syracuse, applied to Archimedes
ARBORESCENCE. The figure of a
tree; the resemblance of a tree in minerals
or crystallizations, or groups of crystals
in that form.
ARBUSCLE. A dwarf tree; between for a test to prove whether a crown which
a shrub and a tree.
ARBUTE. The strawberry tree.
ARBUTIN. A crystalline substance
obtained from uva ursi. It is a glucoside.
ARBUTUS TRAILING. (Mayflower,
Ground Laurel, Epigœa Repens.) A small
trailing plant, the leaves and stems of
which are said to be useful in urinary
complaints where buchu and uva ursi are
indicated.
ARBUTUS UVA URSI. A botanical
name for the plant which produces the
bearberry and uva ursi leaves.
had been made by his orders was all gold,
or whether the goldsmith had dishonestly
substituted a baser metal for a portion of
the gold. While the philosopher was
thinking on the subject he chanced to
enter a bath filled with water, and noticed
that, as he entered, the liquid flowed over.
This observation suggested a solution to
his problem. He took the crown, and a
quantity of pure gold of the same weight,
and immersed them successively in the
same vessel filled to the brim with water.
As the crown displaced more water than
the equal weight of gold, he concluded that
it was partly composed of a lighter metal,
ARCANUM. A secret medicinal
remedy.
ARCANUM DUPLICATUM. See Potassa and the king's suspicions were confirmed.
Sulphas.
Assuming the alloy to be silver, Archim
ARCHANGELICA OFFICINALIS. edes then took quantities of gold an
See Angelica.
silver, equal in weight to the crown, im-
ARCHEUS. A term used by old mersed them in water and weighed that
ARC
ARG
58
which overflowed; thus being able to dis- | soporific, and cathartic combined. An
cover the extent of the fraud. See Spe- oil obtained from the seeds is used in colic.
ARGENTAL. Pertaining to silver;
LAPPA. The burdock containing silver.
cific Gravity.
ARCTIUM LAPPA.
plant.
ARGENTAL MERCURY. The native
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA URSI. amalgam of silver.
A substance obtained
The uva ursi plant.
ARGENTI CHLORIDUM. (Chloride
ARCTUVINE.
of Silver.) A preparation easily made by
by boiling arbutin with sulphuric acid. | adding a solution of common salt to one
It is said to be identical with hydrochi- of nitrate of silver as long as it produces
none obtained from kinic acid.
a precipitate. It has been used in syphilis,
epilepsy, dysentery, &c., &c.
ARDENT. Hot, burning; that causes
a sensation of burning; as ardent spirits.
ARDENT SPIRITS OF COMMERCE. The
product distilled from vinous liquors.
ARECA CATECHU. An East Indian
tree belonging to the family of palms, the
fruit of which is called the Areca nut, or
Betel nut, of commerce. It contains tan-
nin, gallic acid, a fixed oil, and various
saline principles. It has been used in the
treatment of tapeworm. Areca catechu
is obtained by boiling nuts in water and
evaporating the decoction.
AREFACTION. The act of drying.
ARENACEOUS. Sandy; having the
properties of sand.
ARENATION. A sand-bath.
AREOMETER. An instrument for
measuring the specific gravity of liquids.
AREOTIC. A medicine which atten-
uates the humors, dissolves viscidity,
opens the pores, and increases perspira-
tion.
ARGAL. Unrefined or crude tartar;
a substance adhering to the sides of wine-
casks.
ARGAND-LAMP. A lamp invented
by Argand in 1780, in which, by means
of a hollow wick and a glass chimney, a
strong and clear light is produced by
placing the flame between two currents of
air.
ARGEL. (Arguel.) The leaves of
Cynanchum oleæfolium, or C. argel, often
mixed with senna. It grows in Upper
Egypt and Syria.
ARGEMONE MEXICANA. (Prickly
Poppy.) An annual plant belonging to
the Papaveraceæ. The plant is emetic
and purgative, and the seeds are anodyne,
ARGENTI CYANIDUM. (Argenti Cyan-
uretum, Cyanide of Silver, Cyanuret of
Silver.) A tasteless white powder, in-
soluble in water and cold nitric acid, but
rapidly soluble with decomposition in that
acid when boiling hot. It has no medical
uses.
ARGENTI CYANURETUM.
Cyanidum.
See Argenti
ARGENTI IODIDUM. (Iodide of Silver.)
A compound formed by double decompo-
sition by adding a solution of iodide of
potassium to one of nitrate of silver. It
is a greenish-yellow powder, nearly in-
soluble in ammonia. It possesses the
general medical properties of nitrate of
silver.
ARGENTI NITRAS. (Crystallized Nitrate
of Silver.) A preparation made by evap-
orating in due form a solution of silver in
nitric acid partially diluted. Internally
it is a tonic and antispasmodic. Exter-
nally it is employed as a stimulant and
escharotic.
ARGENTI NITRAS FUSA. (Fused Ni-
trate of Silver, Lunar Caustic, Lapis In-
fernalis.) This is prepared by melting
nitrate of silver in a porcelain capsule, the
heat being continued cautiously until
frothing ceases; the melted salt is then
poured into suitable silver moulds. This
preparation is more adapted to external
purposes, as it is liable to contain free
silver from having been exposed to too
high a heat.
ARGENTI OXIDUM. (Oxide of Silver.)
This is prepared by precipitating a solu-
tion of nitrate of silver in water with solu-
tion of potassa, and drying the precipi-
ARG
ARN
59
tate. It has the general medical proper- | The plant whose root is the Virginia snake
ties of the nitrate of silver without its root or Serpentaria. A stimulant, tonic,
escharotic effect.
ARGENTIC
DIOXIDE. This is
formed on the silver plate at the positive
pole of a Bunsen's battery, when the elec-
tric current is made to pass through water
acidulated with sulphuric acid, or through
a solution of sodic sulphate.
ARGENTINE FLOWERS OF AN-
TIMONY. The former name for the
white vapors produced by strongly heated
antimony; they consist of the teroxide of
antimony.
ARGENTUM. See Silver.
ARGIL. Pure clay or alumina.
ARGILLOMURITE. A species of
earth consisting of magnesia, silex, alu-
mina, and lime.
ARGOL. Crude tartar. An acidulous
salt from which cream of tartar is pre-
pared. It exists in the juice of grapes,
and is deposited from wines on the sides
of the casks.
ARGUEL. See Argel.
ARGYRÆSCIN. A neutral principle
whose formula is C108H86048; crystallizes
from diluted alcohol; gelatinizes with
warm alkalies and forms æscinic and pro-
pionic acids; by dilute acids forms sugar
and argyræscetin
81 62
ARIBINA. A native ternary alkaloid
contained in the Araribe rubra; formula,
CASH20N.
46
ARICA BARK. A name formerly
applied to the bark of Cinchona pubescens,
from the port at which it was shipped. It
is now called Cusco Bark.
ARICINA. An alkaline substance
identical with cinchovatin, obtained from
a variety of Peruvian bark (Arica). It is
said to be the same as quinidia; formula,
CoHg.NgOg.
40 24 2
ARID. Dry.
ARISTA. The awn; the pointed beard
which issues from the husk or scaly flower
cup of the grasses.
ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ. A family of
plants to which the genera Aristolochia
and Asarum belong.
ARISTOLOCHIA SERPENTARIA.
and diaphoretic. In large doses it occa-
sions nausea, vomiting, and griping pains
in the bowels. It often proves beneficial
as an adjunct to quinine. The plant grows
throughout the Middle, Southern, and
Western States.
ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATIS,
ARISTOLOCHIA CYMBIFERA,
ARISTOLOCHIA GEMINIFLORA,
ARISTOLOCHIA HASTATA,
ARISTOLOCHIA HIRSUTA,
ARISTOLOCHIA INDICA,
ARISTOLOCHIA LONGA,
Species of Aristolochiæ; they
stimulant, and are supposed to possess emmen-
agogue properties.
are tonic and
ARISTOLOCHIA MAXIMA,
ARISTOLOCHIA PISTOLOCHIA,
ARISTOLOCHIA RETICULATA,
ARISTOLOCHIA ROTUNDA,
ARISTOLOCHIA SAGITTATA,
ARISTOLOCHIA SEMPERVIRENS,
ARISTOLOCHIA TOMENTOsa.
ARMENIAN BOLE. An argillaceous
earth consisting of alumina, silica, and
oxide of iron, and used chiefly as a color-
ing ingredient in tooth powders.
ARMENIAN CEMENT. (Diamond
Cement.) Dissolve five or six pieces of
mastic of the size of a large pea in as
much alcohol as will render it liquid. In
another vessel dissolve in French brandy
or good rum as much isinglass, previously
softened by water, as will make a two-
ounce vial full of very strong glue, to
which small pieces of galbanum or ammo-
niacum must be added, and rubbed with
it till dissolved. Then mix the whole
with sufficient heat, and keep the glue in
a vial closely stopped.
ARMORACIA.
plant.
The horse-radish
ARMORACIA RADIX. The root of
Cochlearia armoracia or horse-radish plant.
It is highly stimulant.
ARNICA FLOWERS. The flowers
of Arnica montana. (Leopard's Bane,
Berg Wolverly.) They are stimulant,
directed with peculiar energy to the brain
and nervous system; poisonous in over-
doses. They are chiefly employed exter-
nally in the form of tincture.
ARN
ARR
60
ARNICA MONTANA. The arnica plant,
belonging to the class Asteraceœ. See
Arnica Flowers.
of aromatic powder to percolation with
strong alcohol to exhaustion; pour the
percolate over eight ounces of sugar, and
ARNICE RADIX. The rootlets and dried evaporate at a low heat.
rhizome of Arnica montana.
ARNICINA. An organic alkali ob-
tained from arnica flowers. Considered
by some a ternary glucoside.
ARNOTTA. See Annotta.
AROMA. The quality of plants or
other substances, which constitutes their
fragrance, which is perceived by an agree-
able smell, accompanied in some with a
warm spicy taste.
AROMATIC SYRUP OF RHUBARB. (Spiced
Syrup of Rhubarb, Syr. Rhei Aromaticus.)
This syrup is made by preparing by per-
colation a compound tincture from rhu-
barb, cinnamon, and nutmeg, and adding
it to warm syrup. It is particularly
adapted to the summer-complaints of
children.
AROMATIC VINEGAR. This is prepared
by dissolving the oils of cloves, calamus,
lavender, and rosemary, in concentrated
AROMATIC. Fragrant; spicy; strong-acetic acid.
scented; odoriferous. A medicine charac-
terized by a fragrant smell, and usually
by a warm pungent taste.
AROMATIC WATERS. Water impreg-
nated with aromatic substances.
AROMATIC WINE. This is prepared
AROMATIC CONFECTION. (Confectio by impregnating, by the aid of one ounce
Aromatica.) Rub four ounces of aromatic of alcohol, two pints of claret wine, with
powder with four ounces of clarified honey
until a uniform mass is obtained.
a half ounce each of sage, thyme, hyssop,
spearmint, wormwood, and origanum,
AROMATIC MIXTURE OF IRON. (Mis-each in coarse powder by percolation.
tura Ferri Aromatica.)
AROMATIC POWDER. (Pulvis Aromati-
cus, Pulvis Cinnamomi Compositus, Com-
pound Powder of Cinnamon.) Two ounces
each of cinnamon and ginger, and one
ounce each of nutmeg and capsules carda-
mom; each to be in fine powder and
thoroughly mixed.
AROMATIC POWDER OF CHALK. (Pulvis
Cretæ Aromaticus.) Four ounces of cin-
namon bark, three each of nutmeg and
saffron, one and a half of cloves, one of
cardamom seeds, twenty-five of refined
sugar, and eleven of prepared chalk; each
to be in fine powder, mixed thoroughly,
and passed through a fine sieve.
Useful in dyspepsia.
AROMATIZE.
aroma.
To impregnate with
AROPH. A name by which saffron is
sometimes called.
AROPH PARACELSI. A chemical prepa-
ration of Paracelsus, formed by sublima-
tion from equal quantities of hematite and
sal ammoniac. The term aroph is also
used by the same writer as synonymous
with lithontriptic, a solvent for stone.
ARQUIFOUX. A kind of lead ore
used by potters to give their wares a green
varnish.
ARRACH. A plant of the genus Atri-
plex, sometimes used as a substitute for
spinach.
AROMATIC POWDER OF CHALK AND
OPIUM. (Pulvis Creta Aromaticus cum ARRACK. A spirituous liquor from
Opio.) Take nine and three-fourths ounces the East Indies, distilled from toddy; the
of aromatic powder of chalk and two juice of the cocoanut tree procured by
drachms of powdered opium; mix thor-incision.
oughly, and pass through a fine sieve.
AROMATIC SPIRIT OF AMMONIA. See
Ammonia, Aromatic Spirit.
AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR.
Acetic Acid, Camphorated.
ARROW POISON OF BORNEO.
(Dajaksch.) A poison in the form of an
extract, whose botanical origin is appar-
See ently unknown. It causes death by para-
lyzing the heart.
AROMATIC SUGAR. Submit eight ounces
ARROWROOT.
(Maranta.) The
ARS
ARS
61
fecula of the rhizoma of Maranta arundi- sulphur. It is used only as a pigment.
nacea, a plant of the West Indies. It is It is found native in various volcanic re-
a nutritious, demulcent, light, mild, and gions.
easily digested article of diet.
ARSENIC IODIDE. (Iodide of Arsenic.)
A salt prepared by heating to liquefac-
tion a mixture of three hundred grains of
ARSENIATE. A salt formed by
arsenic acid combined with any base.
ARSENIATE OF CAFFEIN. A salt form-iodine and sixty grains of arsenic. It is
ed by the union of caffein and arsenic acid.
Its value as an antiperiodic is ascribed
mainly to the arsenic.
ARSENIATE OF IRON. (Ferri Arsenias.)
An amorphous powder, without taste or
smell, insoluble in water, but readily dis-
solved by muriatic acid. It consists of
three equivalents of protoxide of iron and
one of arsenic acid, and is peculiarly
useful in chronic affections of the skin.
a teriodide consisting of one equivalent of
arsenic and three of iodine. It is said to
have been useful in cancer, lepra, and
various skin diseases.
ARSENIC TERSULPHURET. (King's Yel-
low, Orpiment.) Tersulphuret of arsenic
is found native, consisting of one equiva-
lent of metal and three equivalents of sul-
phur. It is prepared artificially by fus-
ing together equal parts of arsenious acid
and sulphur. Orpiment is an ingredient
in a number of depilatories. Atkinson's
depilatory consists of one part orpiment
and six parts of quicklime, with some
flour, and a coloring matter.
ARSENIATE OF SODA. (Soda Arsenias.)
A colorless, transparent salt, composed of
two equivalents of soda, one equivalent of
basic water, one of arsenic acid, and four-
teen of water of crystallization. Its medi-
cal properties are the same as the other
preparations of arsenic, though milder in | tion used as an application to ulcerated
surfaces, though attended with great dan-
ARSENICAL PASTE. A prepara-
its action.
ARSENIATE OF SODA SOLUTION. (Liq-ger. It is composed of seventy parts of
uor Soda Arseniatis.) Arseniate of soda
rendered anhydrous by heat, and four
grains dissolved in water is a convenient
form for its administration.
ARSENIC. (Arsenicum.) A metal of
a steel-gray color and brilliant lustre,
and quite brittle. It forms alloys with
most of the metals; combined with sul-
phur it forms orpiment and realgar, which
are the yellow and red sulphurets of arse-
nic. Orpiment is the true arsenicum of
the ancients. Native orpiment appears
in yellow, brilliant, and seemingly talcky
masses of various sizes; realgar is red, of
different shades, and often crystallized in
needles. Arsenic is also found as a min-
eralizer in cobalt, antimony, copper, iron,
and silver ores. It is brought chiefly
from the Cobalt works of Saxony, where
zaffer is made. The article kept in the
shops is the arsenious acid, or oxide of
arsenic, and white arsenic.
ARSENIC BISULPHURET. (Realgar.) This
compound can be artificially made by melt-
ing arsenious acid with half its weight of
red sulphuret of mercury, twenty-two
parts dragon's blood, and eight parts of
arsenious acid.
ARSENICAL SOLUTION. (Fowler's Solu-
tion of Arsenic, Solution of Arsenite of Po-
tassa, Liquor Arsenicalis, Liquor Potassæ
Arsenitis.) Boil sixty-four grains each of
arsenious acid and bicarbonate of potassa
in twelve ounces of distilled water until
the acid is dissolved. To the solution,
when cold, add a half ounce of compound
spirit of lavender and then enough water
to make it measure a pint. This prepa-
ration has the general action of arsenic.
ARSENICAL SOLUTION, DE VALANGIN'S.
(Liquor Arsenici Chloridi, Solution of
Chloride of Arsenic, Solutio Solventis Min-
eralis.) Boil half a drachm of arsenious
acid with a fluid drachm and a half of
muriatic acid, mixed with a fluid ounce of
water, until it is dissolved, then add suf-
ficient water to make the solution measure
a pint. This solution has considerable
reputation as an alterative.
ARSENICAL SOLUTION OF PEARSON.
ARS
ART
62
This is an aqueous solution of arsenite of from internal pressure, flows sponta-
soda containing one grain of the salt in neously like a fountain.
a fluid ounce.
ARTHANITIN. (Cyclamen.) The
ARSENIOUS ACID TESTS. The active principle of the Cyclamen Europa-
or Sowbread, a perennial, stemless
plant. It is white, amorphous, inodorous,
and acrid.
most characteristic reagents are sulphu-um
retted hydrogen, ammoniacal nitrate of
silver, and ammoniacal sulphate of copper.
ARSENITE. A salt formed by the
arsenious acid with a base.
ARSENITE OF POTASSA.
Solution.
See Arsenical
ARSENITE OF QUINIA. A salt prepared
by boiling sixty-four grains of arsenious
acid with half the quantity of carbonate
of potassa in four fluid ounces of dis-
tilled water until dissolved, adding water
enough to make the solution measure four
fluid ounces, and then mixing five drachms
of the solution with forty grains of sul-
phate of quinia, previously dissolved in
boiling distilled water; the arsenite of
quinia is then precipitated, which is
drained.
ARTANTHE ADUNCA. A variety
of matico, a species of the genus Artanthe
elongata.
ARTANTHE ELONGATA. See Matico.
ARTEMISIA. A genus of plants of
numerous species.
ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM. The worm-
ARTICHOKE. A species of Helian-
thus tuberosus or sun-flower.
ARTICHOKE, GARDEN. (Cynara Scoly-
mus.) A perennial plant, the heads of
which are eaten as a salad. The flowers
will curdle milk, and the plant will yield
a yellow dye. The leaves are diuretic.
ARTICULATION. A term applied
to the connection of the parts of a plant
by joints, as in pods; also to the nodes or
joints as in cane and maize.
A
ARTIFICIAL BONEBLACK.
preparation formed by impregnating
powdered wood charcoal with phosphate
of lime, by digesting it in a solution of
this salt in muriatic acid, evaporating to
dryness, and igniting in covered vessels.
ARTIFICIAL CAMPHOR. A white crys-
talline substance resembling camphor,
forming one of the compounds resulting
from the absorption of muriatic acid by
oil of turpentine.
ARTIFICIAL FRUIT ESSENCES. Com-
pound ethers which have been found to
possess the odor and flavor of fruits.
ARTIFICIAL GUM. See Dextrin.
ARTIFICIAL MUSK. (Moschus Factitius.)
This is prepared by adding small portions
at a time of rectified oil of amber to three
of Arte- parts of fuming nitric acid. The result-
misia, all ing resin is washed with water to separate
possessing the acid, and brought to the consistence
properties of a firm extract in a water bath. It has
common the odor of musk.
to the ge-
wood plant. It is a perennial plant,
highly tonic, and was formerly used as a
substitute for Peruvian bark, and is sup-
posed to possess vermifuge properties.
ARTEMISIA ABROTANUM, Species
ARTEMISIA CHINENSIS,
ARTEMISIA CONTRA,
ARTEMISIA GLOMERATA,
ARTEMISIA INDICA,
ARTEMISIA JUDAICA,
ARTEMISIA MOXA,
ARTEMISIA PONTICA,
ARTEMISIA SANTONICA,
ARTEMISIA VULGARIS.
ARTIFICIAL OIL OF BITTER ALMONDS.
nus. See (Nitrobenzole, Nitrobenzule, Nitrobenzide.)
Art. Ab- An oil formed by the action of nitric acid
sinthium.
on benzole. The product, after being
washed with water, forms an oily, yel-
lowish, intensely sweet liquid, with an
odor like that of bitter almonds. It is
employed for flavoring soaps and articles
of diet.
ARTERIAL STIMULANTS. (Inci-
tants.) Those agents which exhibit their
influence chiefly on the heart and arteries
ARTESIAN WELLS. Those wells
which are made by boring into the earth
till the instrument reaches water, which,
ARTIFICIAL ORPIMENT.
This is pre-
ART
ASC
63
arsenious acid and sulphur.
pared by fusing together equal parts of | Ginger.) The root of Asarum Canadense,
an indigenous plant, which very closely
resembles A. Europæum or Asarabacca.
It is an aromatic, stimulant tonic, with
diaphoretic properties.
ARTIFICIAL ROSE WATER. A distilled
water prepared from the oil of gaultheria
by boiling it with solution of potassa and
distilling the mother liquor with water.
It has an odor closely resembling that of
the rose.
ARTIFICIAL SELTZER WATER. See
Aqua Acidi Carbonici.
ARTIFICIAL SODA. This is prepared
from common salt, first, by converting it
by sulphuric acid into sulphate of soda,
and then decomposing the sulphate by
carbonate of lime and charcoal at a high
temperature so as to yield carbonate of
soda.
ARTOCARPUS INCISA. The Bread-
fruit tree, the fruit of which furnishes a
substitute for arrowroot.
ARUM. (Indian Turnip, Dragon Root.)
The root or cormus of Arum triphyllum;
called also Wake Robin. It is a powerful
local irritant, stimulating the secretions
of the skin and lungs.
ARUM ESCULENTUM,
ARUM MACULATUM.
}
Species
of
Arum possess-
ing properties common to the plant.
ASADULCIS. Benzoin.
ASAFŒŒTIDA,
ASARUM CAMPHOR. See Asarin.
ASARUM CANADENSE. See Asarum.
ASARUM EUROPEUM. See Asarabacca.
ASBOLIN. A yellow, oil-like matter,
very acrid and bitter, obtained from soot.
ASCLEPIADACEÆ. That family
or natural order of plants to which be-
longs the genus Asclepias.
ASCLEPIAS. A genus of plants.
ASCLEPIAS CONTRAYERVA, A species
of Asclepias from which it is said the
mechoacan root of European commerce is
obtained.
ASCLEPIAS CORNUTI. (Asclepias Syri-
aca, Common Silk Weed, Common Milk
Weed.) A plant common in the United
States, possessing anodyne and expec-
torant properties, and has been used in
asthma and typhus fever with success.
When wounded it emits a milky juice.
ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA. (Bastard
Ipecacuanha, Redhead, Blood Weed.) A
species of Asclepias native of the West
A fetid, inspissated Indies, the root and expressed juice of
ASAFETIDA. sap, from Persia and
the East Indies. It is the concrete juice
of a large umbelliferous plant. It is an
antispasmodic.
ASAGRÆA OFFICINALIS. (Helo-
nias Officinalis, Veratrum Officinale.) The
plant which produces the fruit Sabadilla
or Cevadilla; a species of Veratrum.
ASARA BACCA. The Asarum Eu-
ropæum, the leaves and roots of which
are emetic, and used in farriery. The
powdered leaves form the basis of most
cephalic snuffs.
ASARIN. (Asarum Camphor.) A
crystallized, peculiar, bitter principle, re-
sembling camphor, obtained from Asarum
Europæeum; formula, C20H12012
which are emetic and cathartic. It has
been found useful in gonorrhoea, hemor-
rhages, and worms.
ASCLEPIAS, FLESH-COLORED. See As-
clepias Incarnata.
ASCLEPIAS GIGANTEA. (Calotropis Gi-
gantea.) A plant native of Hindostan,
but introduced into the West Indies, the
bark of the root of which is used in vari-
ous skin diseases and venereal affections.
ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA. (Flesh-colored
Asclepias.) A species of Asclepias grow-
ing in all parts of the United States, hav-
ing properties similar to those of A. Syri-
aca.
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA. See A. Cornuti.
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA. An indigenous
plant, called Butterfly Weed, the root of
which, called Pleurisy Root, possesses dia-
phoretic and expectorant properties, with-
ASARUM. (Canada Snakeroot, Wild out being a stimulant. It has been used
ASARITE. (Asarone.) A concrete,
volatile substance obtained from the root
of Asarum Europæum.
ASC
ASP
64
ASCLEPIAS VERTICILLATA.
A species
of Asclepias, which is used in the Southern
States as a remedy in snake-bites.
in pleurisy, diarrhoea, dysentery, and acute with the odor of roses, furnished by two
rheumatism with success.
species of convolvulus, viz., C. Floridus
and C. scoparvus, natives of the Canaries.
ASPARAGEÆ. A family of plants,
to which belongs the genus Convallaria.
ASPARAGIA HISPIDA. A plant,
the root of which has been largely sub-
stituted for dandelion root.
ASCLEPIAS VINCETOXICUM. (Cynan-
chum Vincetoxicum, White Swallowwort,
Vincetoxicum.) A European plant, the
root of which has been esteemed as a
counter-poison. It is an emetic, and is
capable in large doses of producing dan-
gerous inflammation of the stomach.
ASCLEPIN. A peculiar principle
contained in the root of Asclepias vince-
toxicum. It is emetic, of a pale yellow,
and readily soluble in alcohol.
ASCLEPIONE. The chief solid in-
gredient of the juice of Asclepias cornuti,
consisting of a peculiar crystalline sub-
stance of a resinous character.
ASCLETINE. An eclectic" prepa-
ration, recommended as the active prin-
ciple of pleurisy root.
ASH BARK. (Jaen Bark.) A variety
of Peruvian bark.
ASPARAGIN. (Asparamide, Al-
thæin.) A crystallized substance or an
active principle obtained from the Aspara-
gus.
ASPARAGUS. The name of a genus
of plants, and also the common name of
one of its species (A. officinalis) cultivated
in gardens, called also sparagus, sparage,
and sparrow-grass. The roots have a
bitterish, mucilaginous taste, and the stalk
is in some degree aperient and deob-
struent.
ASPARAGUS
Asparagus OFFICINALIS. See Aspar-
agus.
ASPARAMIDE. See Asparagin.
ASPARMIC ACID. (Aspartic Acid.)
A concrete crystalline acid obtained by
ASH BLUE. A chemical production of the action of strong acids on asparagin,
copper and lime water.
and composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitro-
Ash-Colored CANTHARIS. (Cantharis|gen, and oxygen.
Cinerea.) A species of Spanish fly, closely
resembling the potato fly or Cantharis vit-
tata, but of an ash color.
ASH, COMMON EUROPEAN. (Fraxinus
Excelsior.) A tree which yields manna
by incisions in its trunk. The bark and
leaves are bitter and astringent.
ASHWEED. A plant, the small wild
angelica, gout-wort, goat's-foot, or herb
Gerard. A species of the genus Ægopo-
dium.
ASHY-CROWN BARK. A species of
Peruvian bark identical with Cinchona
rotundifolia.
ASIATIC PILLS. Pills consisting of
arsenious acid and black pepper in the
proportion of one part of the former to
eighty of the latter.
ASPALATHUM. The calambac;
The calambac; a
variety of the agallochum or aloes-wood;
also the rose-wood. (Lignum Rhodium.)
ASPALATHUS. The rose-wood, a
fragrant wood, yielding an essential oil
ASPARTATE. Any compound of the
aspartic acid with a base.
ASPARTIC ACID. See Asparmic
Acid.
ASPEN. See American Aspen.
ASPERIFOLIATE. Having rough
leaves.
ASPERMOUS. Destitute of seeds.
ASPERTANNIC ACID. An acid
obtained from Asperula odorata, composed
of C₁H₂Og.
14 8
ASPERULA ODORATA. (Sweet-
scented Wood-roof.) A plant said to be
diuretic, tonic, and vulnerary, the odor-
ous principle of which is said to be iden-
tical with that of the active constituent
of the tonka bean.
ASPHALTUM. (Bitumen Judaicum,
Jew's Pitch.) A smooth, hard, brittle,
black or brown substance, which breaks
with a polish, melts easily when heated
and when pure, and burns without leaving
any ashes. It has little taste and scarcely
ASP
AST
65
any smell unless heated, when it emits a
strong smell of pitch. It is found in a
liquid or soft state on the surface of the
Dead Sea, which from this substance is
called Asphaltites or the Asphaltic Lake.
It is found also in the earth, in many
parts of Asia, Europe, and America.
Formerly it was used for embalming dead
bodies. The solid asphaltum is still em-
ployed in Arabia, Egypt, and Persia
instead of pitch for ships; the fluid asphal-
tum is used for varnishing and for paving
streets.
ASPHURELATA. A series of semi-
metallic fossils, fusible by fire, and in
their purest state not malleable. In their
native state they are mixed with sulphur
and other adventitious matter in the form
of ore.
Under this denomination are
classed bismuth, antimony, cobalt, zinc,
and mercury.
ASPIC. A plant growing in France;
a species of lavender (Lavendula spica),
which resembles the common kind (L.
vera) in the blue color of its flowers and
in the figure and green color of its leaves.
It is called male lavender, spica nardus,
and pseudo nardus. Its oil, called oil of
spike or oil of aspic, is used by painters,
furriers, and other artificers.
ASPIDIN. The impure active prin-
ciple of the male fern root.
ASPIDIUM ATHAMANTICUM. A
species of male fern growing in South
America.
ASPIDIUM FILIX FEMINA. (Asple-
nium Filix Fœmina, Female Fern, Poly-
podium Filix Foœmina, Athyrium Filix Fo-
mina.) A species of Aspidium, having a
root analogous to that of male fern and
similar properties.
ASPIDIUM FILIX MAS. (Filix Mas,
Male Fern, Polypodium Filix Mas, Ne-
phrodium Filix Mas.) A European plant
possessing anthelmintic properties, used
particularly in cases of tapeworm.
ASPLENIUM FILIX FŒMINA. See As-
pidium Filix Fœmina.
ASPLENIUM SCOLOPENDRIUM. (Scolo-
pendrium Officinarum, Harts-tongue.) A
fern indigenous in Europe and America.
The leaves have a sweetish, mucilaginous,
astringent taste, and were used as a de-
obstruent, astringent, and demulcent.
ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. (Common
Spleenwort, Maidenhair.) A species of
Asplenium possessing properties similar
to others of the same genus.
ASSACOU. A Brazilian name for
| Hura Brasiliensis, a Brazilian tree of the
family Euphorbiaceæ, and possessing the
same general properties. The juice is
said to be anthelmintic, and employed to
intoxicate fish.
ASSAFŒTIDA. See Asafoetida.
ASSAMAR. A bitter substance con-
tained in caramel.
ASSAY. The determination of the
quantity of any particular metal in an
ore or other metallic compound alloy,
or the determination of the quantity of
gold or silver in coin; the docimastic art.
ASSAY BALANCE. A balance used in
the process of assaying.
ASSAY FURnace. A furnace used in
the process of assaying.
ASTER PUMICEUS. A common in-
digenous plant, the rootlets of which are
said to be aromatic, astringent, and dia-
phoretic.
ASTRAGALUS. A genus of plants
containing numerous species, some of
which are called milk vetch and liquorice-
vetch.
ASTRAGALUS ARISTATUS,
ASTRAGALUS CRETICUS,
ASTRAGALUS GUMMIFERA,
ASTRAGALUS MASSILIENSIS,
ASTRAGALUS STROBILIFERUS,
ASTRAGALUS TRAGACANTHA.
ASTRAGALUS VERUS. A Persian
erties of the
the common prop-
galūs all possessing
Species of Astra-
genus
shrub
which yields the gum tragacanth of com-
ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM NI- merce.
GRUM. (Black Spleenwort.) A species
ASTRAL LAMP. An Argand lamp
of Asplenium which has been substituted in which the oil is contained in a vessel
for the genuine maidenhair, though des- | in the form of a flattened ring, obliquely
titute of its aromatic flavor.
inclined outward and downward, and sur-
5
AST
ATR
66
mounted by a flattened, hemispherical | ticle supposed to result from the division
ground glass, the whole arrangement de- of a body without decomposition.
signed to throw a strong and uninterrupted ATOMICITY. See "Atomic Theory,"
light on the table below.
in second part of this work.
ASTRINGENT. A medicine that has
the property of causing contraction in the
soft solids, usually accompanied with in-
creased absorption and diminished excre-
tion.
ASTRINGENT SAFFRON OF MARS. A
preparation formed by exposing subcar-
bonate of iron to a red heat, whereby it
absorbs oxygen, and loses water and car-
bonic acid.
ATOMIC THEORY. This theory
teaches that all chemical combinations
take place between the ultimate particles
or atoms of bodies, and that those unite,
either one atom with one atom, or by sums
of atoms, which are integral multiples of
unity. See "Atomic Theory," in second
part of this work.
ATOMIC WEIGHT. The relative weight
of the ultimate particle or atom of a body,
ATACAMITE. A native chloride of considered in reference to a standard unit
copper.
ATHAMANTA AUREOSELINUM.
Mountain Parsley.
ATHAMANTIN. A peculiar princi-
and to some rule for determining when
bodies unite, one atom with one atom.
ATOMIZE. To reduce to atoms.
ATOMIZERS. (Pulverizers, Nebuliz-
ple obtained from Athamanta oreoseli-ers.) Instruments by which liquid sub-
num, having the composition of C2H5O,.stances, which cannot be wholly volatil-
It is decomposable into oreoselon, C₁H,O,,
and valerianic acid, C10H1004.
14
ATHANOR. A digesting furnace so
constructed as to maintain a uniform and
durable heat. It is a furnace with a late-
ral tower, close on all sides, except a com-
munication below the fireplace, which is
filled with fuel by an opening above fitted
with a close cover. As the fuel below is
consumed, that in the tower falls down to
supply its place.
ATHEROSPERMA
MOSCHATA.
(Australian Sassafras.) A tree, the bark
of which contains a volatile oil, which has
some reputation in Australia as a diapho-
retic, diuretic, and sedative.
ATHEROSPERMIA, Į An alkaloid
ATHEROSPERMIN. I obtained from
ized, as saline solutions, can be brought
into a state of minute division, as in spray,
whereby they may be introduced into the
air-passages, and by inhalation into the
lungs.
ATRACTYLIC ACID. A colorless,
inodorous acid, possessing an astringent
and bitter-sweet taste, obtained from the
root of the Atractylis gummifera. When
heated to boiling, it is transformed into
sulphuric acid, valerianic acid, sugar, and
resin.
ATRACTYLIS GUMMIFERA. A
plant belonging to the natural order of
Compositæ.
ATRIPLEX HORTENSIS. A vege-
table belonging to the family of Chenopo-
diacæa. It is used in Europe frequently
as a substitute for spinach, and contains
the bark of A. moschata; formula, C30H20 considerable quantities of oxalate of soda.
NO5
ATHYRIUM FILIX FŒMINA.
See Aspidium Filix Fœmina.
ATKINSON'S DEPILATORY.
Arsenic Tersulphuret.
ATROPA BELLADONNA. (Deadly
Nightshade.) A plant, native of Europe,
but cultivated in this country; all parts
See of it are active. The leaves and roots are
the parts most used, which are powerful
narcotics, and very poisonous.
ATOM. A particle of matter so minute
as to admit of no division. Atoms are ATROPA MANDRAGORA. (Mandragora
the first principles or component parts of Officinalis, Mandrake, Mandragora.) A
all bodies; the ultimate particle or com- plant somewhat similar in its properties
ponent part of a body; the smallest par- to Atropa belladonna. It is a native of
ATR
AVA
67
Europe, and comparatively unknown in
this country.
ATROPIA. A vegetable alkaloid; the
active principle of Atropa belladonna or
deadly nightshade. It is white, brilliant,
and crystallizes in long needles.
AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX (Sweet
Orange-Peel.) The rind of the fruit of
Citrus aurantium.
AURANTII FLORES. (Orange Flowers.)
The flowers of Citrus aurantium and of
Citrus vulgaris. They impart to water
distilled from them their peculiar fra-
grance, and are much esteemed as a per-
ATROPIA SULPHATE. (Atropic Sulphas.)
A white crystalline powder, soluble in
water, obtained by the action of sulphuric | fume and antispasmodic.
acid on solution of atropia.
ATROPIA VALERIANATE. A salt pre-
pared by evaporating spontaneously a
mixture of a solution of 38 parts of atro-
pia in 140 parts of alcohol with another
solution of 12 parts of valerianic acid in
10 parts of alcohol.
ATROPIC ACID. An acid obtained
by heating atropia with baryta water. It
is an uncrystallizable salt.
ATTALEH. A native name for the
tree which affords the Barbary gum.
ATTAR OF ROSES. (Otto of Roses,
Oil of Roses, Essence of Roses, Oleum Rosæ.)
The volatile oil obtained from the petals
of Rosa centifolia. It is used chiefly as
a perfume and for flavoring purposes. It
is frequently adulterated with volatile and
fixed oils, spermaceti, &c., &c.
ATTENUANT. A medicine that thins
the fluids; a diluent; the property of
rendering the blood and other humors
more fluid by diminishing the size of the
particles.
ATTFIELD'S SATURATION TA-
BLES. See second part of this work.
ATTRACTION. Elective attraction or
elective affinity is the tendency of those
ingredients in a mixture to combine which
have the strongest attraction.
AUGITE. A mineral called Pyroxene.
It consists chiefly of silica, magnesia, and
lime, with oxide of iron and manganese.
AUME. A Dutch measure for Rhenish
wine containing forty English gallons.
AURANTIACEÆ. A family of plants
to which belong the genera Citrus and
Egle.
AURANTII AMARI CORTEX. (Bit-
ter Orange-Peel.) The rind of the fruit
of Citrus vulgaris.
AURANTII FLORUM AQUA. (Orange
Flower Water.) Orange flowers, forty-
eight troy ounces; water, two gallons,
distil eight pints.
AURANTII OLEUM. (Oil of Neroli, Oil
of Orange Flowers.) An oil obtained from
orange flowers by distillation.
AURATE. A combination of auric
acid with a base.
AURIC ACID. A combination of
gold and oxygen, in which the oxygen is
in the greatest proportion to the gold, or
as a sesquioxide.
AURUM. (Gold.) The preparations
of this metal have been used in various
venereal and skin affections.
AURUM FULMINANS. (Fulminating
Gold.) A precipitate obtained by ammo-
nia from a solution of gold in nitromuri-
atic acid. It is a compound of auric acid
and the oxide of ammonium.
AURUM MOSAICUM, A sparkling
AURUM MUSIVUM. } gold-colored sub
stance obtained by heating a mixture of
sulphur and oxide of tin in a close ves-
sel. The elements of the oxide unite with
separate portions of the sulphur, forming
sulphurous acid and the Aurum mosaicum,
which is a deutosulphuret of tin. It is
used as a pigment.
AUSTRALIAN GUM. An Austra-
lian species of gum arabic. It is not en-
tirely soluble in water.
AUSTRALIAN SASSAFRAS. (See Athe-
rosperma Moschata.)
AUTOPSY. The dissection of a dead
body for the purpose of ascertaining the
cause, seat or nature of the disease.
AVA. (Kava, Kawa.) The name of
an intoxicating drink used in the Sand-
wich Islands. It is prepared from the
AURANTII CORTEX. Orange-peel. root of a species of the old genus Piper
AVE
AZO
68
:
macropiper methysticum, or Piper me-
thysticum.
AVENA SATIVA. The common oat.
AVENA FARINA. (Oatmeal.) The meal
prepared from the seeds of Avena sativa.
AVENS. (Geum Urbanum.) A Euro-
pean plant, the root of which, when fresh,
has an odor like that of cloves, and is
called Radix caryophyllatæ. It has been
used in diarrhoea, &c.
AXUNGIA. See Adeps.
AYA-PANA. (Eupatorium.) A spe-
cies of Boneset or Thoroughwort, some-
what milder than the E. perfoliatum.
AYDENDRON LAUREL. (Laurus
Pichurim.) A genus of trees, which it is
said includes an uncertain tree growing
in Brazil and other parts of South
America, which yield a seed called the
Pichurim bean, which is also said to be
the product of Ocotea pichurim and
Laurus pichurim. Its position in either
of these genera is denied, and it is now
referred to the genus Nectandra with the
specific name Puchury. These beans
possess the common properties of the
aromatics.
AVENS, PURPLE. See Avens, Water.
AVENS, WATER. (Water Avens, Pur-
ple Avens.) The root of Geum rivale, a
plant common to Europe and this country.
It is used in pulmonary phthisis and dis-
orders of the stomach. Geum urbanum
and Geum Virginianum are species which
have been used for similar purposes.
AZADIRACHTA INDICA. A plant
AVERNAT. A sort of grape.
belonging to the family Meliaceæ, the
AVERUNCATE. To tear away by tender leaves of which are used in the
the roots.
AVIGNON BERRY. The fruit of
the Rhamnus infectorias and of other
species of the same genus. The berry is
less than a pea, of a yellowish-green color,
and bitter, astringent taste; used by
dyers and painters for coloring.
AVOIRDUPOIS. A weight of which
a pound contains sixteen ounces. Its
proportion to a pound troy is as seven-
teen to fourteen.
AWLWORT. The popular name for
the Subularia aquatica; so named from
its awl-shaped leaves, which grow in
clusters around the root.
AWM. See Aam.
AWN. The beard of corn or grass; a
slender, sharp process issuing from the
chaff or glume.
AXIFEROUS. A term applied to
plants which consist exclusively of an
axis without leaves or other appendages.
AXILLA. The angle, on the upper
side, formed by a branch with the stem,
or by a leaf or its petiole, with the stem
or branch.
AXIS. The central part, or column,
of a plant around which the other parts
are disposed, corresponding to the verte-
bral column in the highest order of
animals.
treatment of small-pox.
AZEDARACH. The bark of the root
of Melia azedarach, a beautiful tree called
the Pride of India, Pride of China, and
Common Bead Tree. The bark is cathartic
and emetic, possessing properties similar
to the Spigelia or Pinkroot.
AZOBENZOLE. A compound pro-
duced from anilin by treatment with
muriatic acid and permanganate of po-
tassa in certain proportions.
AZOIC. Destitute of any vestige of
organic life.
AZOLITININ. One of the coloring
principles of litmus, having the composi-
tion C18H10NO10; deep brown-red, soluble
in alkalies with blue color.
AZOTE. (Nitrogen.) An element ex-
isting when uncombined in the state of a
gas. It is called azote from its fatal
effects upon animal life, but more gener-
ally nitrogen from its forming nitric acid
by combination with oxygen. It exists
together with oxygen in atmospheric air,
and forms about seventy-nine parts in a
hundred of it by volume. Combined with
hydrogen, in a certain proportion, it
forms ammonia; and it enters into the
composition of most animal substances,
particularly of the muscular fibre.
AZOTH. The first principle or mer-
AZO
BAL
69
cury of metals; the liquor of sublimated
quicksilver; the universal remedy of
Paracelsus.
AZOTIC ACID. Nitric acid.
AZOTITE. A name given to a salt,
supposed by Davy to be formed by the
combination of nitrous oxide with a base,
and called by him nitroxic.
for weighing quicksilver, vermilion, ivory,
silk, &c., is 437 lbs. 9 oz. avoir.
BALENIC ACID. An acid obtained
from the oil of Balæna rostrata, composed
of C38H3604-
BALAUSTINE. The wild pomegran-
ate tree.
BALAUSTINES. A name applied to
AZOTIZE. To impregnate with ni- the flowers of the pomegranate tree, Punica
trogen or azote.
granatum. They contain tannic and gallic.
AZULENE. Another name for ani- acids.
lin red.
AZURE. (Smalt.) A blue glass which
results by heating the impure oxide of
cobalt with sand and potassa; when
powdered it is called smalt or azure, and
is used chiefly in painting.
AZURE STONE. The Lapis lazuli.
AZYMOUS. Unfermented.
B.
BABLAH. The rind or shell of the
fruit of the Mimosa cineraria. It contains
gellic acid and tannin, and has been used
in dying drab.
BACCA. A berry; a fruit which con-
sists of a pulpy pericarp, without valves,
inclosing several naked seeds.
BACCATE.
bling berries.
Consisting of or resem-
BACCHARIS CONFERTIFOLIA.
An evergreen shrub, abounding in Chili.
It is used as a tonic, febrifuge, and diu-
retic. The varieties of Baccharis are
commonly known by the name Chilquilla.
From them a resin and wax are obtained,
formed by the agency of an insect.
BACCIFEROUS. That which pro-
duces berries.
BACHER'S TONIC PILLS. Pills
consisting of one ounce of extract of black
hellebore, one ounce of myrrh, ten scru-
ples of the powdered leaves of Centaurea
benedicta, all mixed and made into pills
of one grain each.
BADIANE. See Aniseed, Star.
BAEL FRUIT. See Egle Marmelos.
BAHAR, Weights used in the East
BARRE. Indies. The great bahar
for weighing pepper, cloves, nutmegs, &c.,
|
BALM. (Melissa.) The herb of Mel-
issa officinalis, a native of Europe, though
cultivated in this country.
It has no
remedial effects on the system.
BALM OF GILEAD. See Amyris Gilead-
ensis.
BALM OF GILEAD TREE. See Abies
Balsamea.
BALNEAL. Pertaining to a bath.
BALSAM. An oily, aromatic, resin-
ous substance, flowing spontaneously or by
incision from certain plants.
A great
variety of substances pass under this de-
nomination. The term is more particu-
larly applied to vegetable juices as are
liquid or spontaneously concrete and con-
sist of a resinous substance. The balsams
are either liquid or solid, and are com-
pounds of resins and essential oils.
BALSAM APPLE. (Momordica Balsam-
ina, Balsamina.) A climbing plant, native
of the East Indies, but cultivated in this
country for its fruit, which is said to be
poisonous when taken in large doses. It
is used in dropsy in the form of an extract
and in the form of a liniment, made by
infusing the seedless fruit in olive oil. It
is used for prolapsus ani, chapped hands,
old sores, &c.
BALSAM, CANADA. See Abies Balsamea.
BALSAM, CARPATHIAN. A product of
the Pinus cembra or Siberian stone pine of
the Alps and Carpathian Mountains. It
is a species of Abies balsamea. Its seeds
are used in Europe under the name of
pine nuts.
BALSAM OF COPAIVA. See Copaiva.
BALSAM OF FIR. See Abies Balsamea.
BALSAM OF GILEAD. See Amyris Gil-
is 524 lbs. 9 oz. avoir. The little bahar, | eadensis.
BAL
BAN
70
BALSAM, HUNGARIAN. A balsam ob-
tained from the Pinus pumilio. It is
analogous to oil of juniper.
BALSAM OF PERU. (Balsamum Peru-
vianum.) The prepared juice of Myro-
spermum Peruiferum, Myrospermum Perei-
ræ, or Myroxylon Peruiferum, a tree
growing in Central America. It is a
viscid, syrup-like substance, of a dark
reddish-brown color, a fragrant odor, and
bitterish taste. It is a warm, stimulating
tonic and expectorant, and is also applied
externally to indolent ulcers. A white
balsam is obtained from the fruit by ex-
pression.
BALSAM OF SULPHUR. (Sulphurated
Oil.) A name formerly given to a sub-
stance resulting from the reaction of sul-
phur upon olive oil at a high temperature.
It was thought useful in pectoral com-
plaints and as a stimulant to foul ulcers.
BALSAM OF TOLU. (Balsamum Toluta-
num.) The juice of Myrospermum Tolu-
iferum, or Myroxylon Toluiferum, a tree
growing in New Granada and in the neigh-
borhood of Tolu. The balsam is procured
by making incisions into the trunk. It
is a stimulant tonic, with a peculiar ten-
dency to the pulmonary organs.
BALSAM, RIGA. (Balsamum Carpati-
cum, Balsamum Libani.) A product of
Pinus cembra, a large tree growing in
Europe and Asia. It has an odor like
that of juniper and possesses like proper-
ties. A similar product, called Hungarian
Balsam, is obtained from Pinus pumilio.
BALSAM WEED. (Impatiens Fulva and
Impatiens Pallida, Jewel Weed, Touch-me-
not.) Succulent plants, known by their
tender, juicy, almost transparent stems.
Their properties are similar to the I. noli-
me-tangere of Europe, which has an acrid,
burning taste. It is an emetic and cathartic.
BALSAM, WHITE. See Balsam of Peru.
BALSAMIC. Having the qualities of
balsam.
BALSAMINA. See Balsam Apple.
BALSAMINACEÆ. A family of
plants which yield balsams.
BALSAMITO. A tincture of the fruit
of the Peruvian balsam tree, Myrosper-
mum Peruiferum, rum being used as the
menstruum.
BALSAMODENDRON GILEAD-
ENSE. See Amyris Gileadense.
BALSAMODENDRON MYRRHA. A small
tree growing in Arabia Felix, in the
neighborhood of Gison, interspersed among
the Acacia and Euphorbiaceæ. The juice,
which exudes spontaneously and concretes
upon the bark, constitutes the gum myrrh
of commerce.
BALSAMUM CARPATICUM. See
Balsam Riga.
BALSAMUM GILEADENSE. See Amyris
Gileadensis.
BALSAMUM LIBANI. See Balsam Riga.
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. See Balsam
of Peru.
BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. See Balsam
of Tolu.
BALSAMUM TRANQUILLANS. (Baume
Tranquille.) A preparation consisting of
olive oil holding in suspension or solution
the active matters of certain narcotic
plants. It is used by friction as anodyne
in local pains.
BALSAMUM TRAUMATICUM. An old
title for the compound tincture of benzoin.
BALSTON SPA WATER. (Sans
Souci Spring.) A wine gallon contains
143.733 grains chloride of sodium, 12.66
grains bicarbonate of soda, 39.1 grains
bicarbonate of magnesia, 43.407 grains
carbonate of lime, 5.95 grains carbonate
of iron, 1.3 grains iodide of sodium, 1
grain of silica.
BANANA. A species of the genus
Musa, which includes also the plantain
and its fruit. It rises 15 or 20 feet high,
with a soft stalk, marked with dark pur-
ple stripes and spots, with leaves six feet
long and a foot broad, The flowers grow
in bunches, covered with a sheath of a
BALSAMIFEROUS. Producing bal- fine color of purple. The fruit is four or
five inches long and an inch or more in
BALSAMIC. A warm, stimulating de-
mulcent medicine of a smooth and oily
consistence.
sam.
BAN
BAR
71
BARBADOES PETROLEUM. A black,
inflammable liquid of a molasses consist-
diameter, an essence or extract of which
is used for flavoring purposes.
BANANA ESSENCE. See Amylic Ether, ence, composed chiefly of carbon and
Acetate.
BANCKSIA ABYSSINICA. (Bray-
era, Hagenia Abyssinica, Brayera Anthel-
mintica.) A tree, the flowers and unripe
fruit of which constitute the Brayera or
Kooso of commerce. They possess vermi-
fuge properties.
BANDOLINE. Take of gum traga-
canth, six ounces; rose water, one gallon;
otto of rose, a half ounce. Steep the gum
in the water, agitating from time to time
as it swells into a gelatinous mass; then
carefully press through a coarse, clean
linen cloth, and incorporate the otto of
rose thoroughly through the soft mass.
BANDOLINE. A title given to certain
pomades and hair oils.
BANE. Poison of a deadly quality.
BANEBERRY. See Actwa Spicata.
BANG. A name given to a mixture
of the larger leaves and capsules of the
Indian hemp. It is thought to be the
Nepenthe of the ancients.
BANYAN. The Indian fig (Ficus
Indica). A tree whose branches, bending
to the ground, take root and form new
trees, till they cover a space of many
hundred feet.
hydrogen, associated with a little nitrogen
and oxygen. See Barbadoes Tur.
BARBADOES TAR. A mineral fluid of
the nature of the thicker fluid bitumens,
of a nauseous, bitterish taste, a very
strong, disagreeable smell, viscid, of a
brown, black, or reddish color; it easily
melts and burns with much smoke; it is
not soluble in spirits. It trickles down
the sides of mountains in some parts of
America, and sometimes is found on the
surface of the waters. It is used in coughs
and disorders of the breast and lungs.
BARBARY GUM. See Attaleh.
BARBATE. Bearded.
BARBERRY. (Berberis, Pipperidge
Bush.) The bark of the root of Berberis
vulgaris; a shrub growing in Europe and
this country. The root and inner bark
have been used for dyeing; the berries
contain malic and citric acids. Barberry
is tonic and cathartic.
BARII CHLORIDUM. (Chloride of
Barium, Muriate of Baryta.) A perma-
nent white salt possessing a disagreeable
taste. It is used in medicine only in
solution.
BARII IODIDUM. (Iodide of Barium.)
A compound formed by double decom-
position, by adding native carbonate of
baryta in powder to a boiling solution of
iodide of iron. It is used in scrofulous
BAOBAB. See Adansonia Digitata.
BAPHIA NITIDA. An African
tree which furnishes the red dye called
camwood.
BAPTISIA ALBA. (Prairie Indigo.) enlargements.
A species of Baptisia tinctoria, or wild
indigo, possessing similar properties.
|
BARILLA. Impure soda derived from
a plant cultivated in Spain for its ashes,
from which a very fine article of commer-
cial carbonate of soda is obtained. The
plant is cut, and laid into heaps, and
burnt, the salts running into a hole in
the ground, where they form a vitrified
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. (Saphora Tinc-
toria, Pudalyria Tinctoria, Wild Indigo.)
A plant growing abundantly in the United
States possessing emetic and cathartic
properties.
BARBADOES ALOES. See Aloe Bar- lump. The alkali produced from this
plant is used in making glass and soap
BARBADOES NUTS. (Purging Nuts, and in bleaching linen. It is obtained
Physic Nuts.) The seeds of the plant from several vegetables, principally be-
Curcas purgans or Jatropha curcas, grow-longing to the genera Salsola, Salicornia,
ing in Brazil, from which an oil is ex- and Chenopodium, and contains from 25
pressed, having properties similar to those to 40 per cent. of carbonated alkali.
badensis.
of croton oil.
BARIUM. The metallic radical of
BAR
BAR
72
the earth baryta, which is an oxide of
barium, and is susceptible of two degrees
of oxygenation; the first or protoxide of
barium is called baryta.
BARK. (Cortex.) The exterior cover-
ing of a tree corresponding to the skin of
an animal. This is composed of the cuti-
cle or epidermis, the outer bark or cortex,
and the inner bark or liber. The rough,
broken matter on bark is sometimes called
ross.
BARK, ARICA,} See Arica Bark.
BARK, CUSCO.
BARK, ASH,
BARK, JAEN. See Ash Bark.
BARK STOVE. A glazed structure for
keeping tropical plants, having a bed of
tanner's bark or other fermentable matter,
which produces a moist heat.
BARLEY. A species of grain of the
genus Hordeum. It possesses emollient,
diluent, and expectorant properties.
BARLEY SUGAR. Sugar boiled till it
is brittle and candied with orange and
lemon-peel.
BARLEY WATER. (Decoction of Barley,
Decoctum Hordei.)
BAROLITE. Carbonate of baryta.
BAROMETER. An instrument for
measuring the weight or pressure of the
atmosphere.
(Sulphate of Ba-
Used as the carbonate to obtain
BARK CALISAYA. (Yellow Cinchona
Bark, Cinchona Flava Cortex, Cinchona BAROSELENITE.
Flava.) A variety of Peruvian bark|ryta.)
containing not less than two per cent. of chloride of barium.
alkaloids yielding crystallizable salts.
BARK, PALE. (Cinchona Pallida, Pale
Cinchona Bark, Cinchona Pallido Cortex.)
The bark of Cinchona condaminea and of
Cinchona micrantha, a species of Peruvian
bark or cinchona.
BARK, RED. (Cinchona Rubra, Red Cin-
chona, Red Bark) The bark of an un-
determined species of cinchona, containing
not less than two per cent. of alkaloids
yielding crystallizable salts.
BARK, BOGOTA,
BARK, COQUETTA,
BARK, FIBROUS CARTHAGENA,
BARK. FUSAGASUGA,
BARK, HARD CARTHAGENA,
BARK, SANTA MARTHA,
BARK, ST. LUCIA,
BARK, CARABAYA,
BARK, CARIBÆAN,
BARK, CROWN,
BARK, LOXA,
BARK, GRAY,
BARK, HUAMILIES,
BARK, HUANUCO,
BARK, LIMA,
BARK, MARACAYBO,
BARK, PITAYA,
BARK OF ST. ANN,
BARK, SILVER.
"
Varieties of Peruvian Bark.
BAROSMA CRENATA. (Diosma
Crenati, Short-leaved Buchu, Barosma
Betulina.) A slender shrub, the leaves of
which constitute the Buchu of commerce.
They are gently stimulant, with a ten-
dency to the urinary organs.
BAROSMA BETULINA.
Crenata.
BAROSMA CRENULATA.
(Medium Size Buchu.)
BAROSMA SERRATIFOLIA.
(Long Buchu.)
See Barosma
Species
of Baros-
ma.
BARRAS. The resin which exudes
from wounds made in the barks of fir
trees.
BARRENWORT. The plant Epime-
dium Alpinum, a low herbaceous plant
with a creeping root, having many stalks,
each of which has three flowers.
BARTRAM. The pellitory plant.
BARWOOD. A red dye-wood from
Angola and other parts of Africa.
BARYSTRONTIANITE. A mineral
composed of carbonate of strontia and
sulphate of baryta.
BARYTA. The heaviest of the earths,
the specific gravity being as high as four
(4). It is an oxide, the base of which
being barium. It is generally found in
combination with sulphuric and carbonic
BARK, YELLOW. See Bark, Calisaya. acids, forming the sulphate and carbonate
BAR
BAU
73
of baryta, the former of which is called over a fire and filled with any substance,
heavy spar.
}
BARYTA CARBONATE,
See Baryta.
BARYTA SULPHATE.
BARYTA MURIATE. See Barii Chlo-
ridum.
BARYTA WATER. A reagent formed
by the solution of baryta in water.
BARYTINA. A vegetable alkaloid
said to be contained in white hellebore,
and thus named from its being precipi-
tated like baryta from its solution in acetic
acid by sulphuric acid.
BASAL. Pertaining to the base.
BASE. The electro-positive ingredient
of a compound, or the electro-positive
ingredient of a salt. Any alkaline or
earthy substance, combining with an acid,
forms a compound or salt, of which it is
the base. Such salts are called salts with
alkaline or earthy bases. That which
enters as a principal ingredient into a
mixture or combination.
BASIC. This term is often applied to
a salt in which the base is in excess or
constitutes a large proportion of the neu-
tral salt.
BASIFIER. That which converts into
a salifiable base.
into which another vessel is placed con-
taining matters for digestion, evaporation,
or distillation.
A dry bath is made of hot sand, ashes,
or other matter, for the purpose of apply-
ing heat to a body immersed in them.
A vapor bath is formed by filling an
apartment with hot steam or vapor, in
which the body sweats copiously.
A wet bath is formed by hot water, in.
which is placed a vessel containing the
matter which requires a softer heat than
the naked fire. When sand is used instead
of water it is called a sand-bath.
BATH BRICK. A preparation of calca-
reous earth in the form of a brick, used
for cleaning knives, &c.
The
BATH WATER.
(King's Well.)
solid contents of an imperial gallon are
8.820 grains carbonate of lime.
0.329
1.064
80 052
"
magnesia.
iron.
((
sulphate of lime.
4.641
LL
potassa.
19.229
((
soda.
((
chloride of sodium.
magnesium.
silica.
12.642
14.581 (C
2.982
Traces of iodine and oxide of manga-
BASIL. See Ocymum Basilicum.
BASIL WEED. Wild basil; a plant of nese.
the genus Chenopodium.
BASSORA GUM. The plant which
yields this gum is unknown. It is from
Bassora, on the Gulf of Persia. It is
useless both in medicine and phar-
macy, but its peculiar principle, bassorin,
enters into the composition of several
preparations.
BASSORIN. See Bassora Gum.
BASTARD DITTANY. (Dictamnus
Albus, White Fraxinella.) A European
plant, the root of which has been used as
an anthelmintic, emmenagogue, and tonic.
BASTARD IPECACUANHA. See Asclepias
Curassavica.
BATEMAN'S DROPS. An old prep-
aration consisting of powdered opium,
catechủ, camphor, oil of anise, red saun-
ders, and diluted alcohol.
BATTERY. A number of coated jars
placed in such a manner that they may
be charged at the same time, and dis-
charged in the same manner; an electrical
battery.
A galvanic battery is a pile or series of
plates of copper and zinc, or of any sub-
stance susceptible of galvanic action.
BAUME. A French term for balsam.
BAUME DE COMMANDEUR. A French
composition similar to the compound
tincture of benzoin.
BAUME DE LA MECQUE. See Amyris
Gileadense.
BAUME TRANQUILLE.
Tranquillans.
See Balsamum
BAUME'S HYDROMETER. The in-
strument commonly used by apothecaries
for ascertaining the specific gravity of liq-
BATH. (Balneum.) A vessel placed uids.
BAY
BEB
74
BAYBERRY. The fruit of the bay
tree or Laurus nobilis. This name is ap-
plied in some parts of the United States
to the fruit of the Myrica cerifera (wax
myrtle), and often to the plant itself.
BAYBERRY TALLOW. A waxy sub-
stance obtained from the bayberry or wax
myrtle, called also myrtle wax.
BAY LEAVES. The leaves of Laurus
nobilis. They are fragrant, have a bitter,
aromatic, and astringent taste, and yield by
distillation a greenish-yellow, volatile oil. |
BAY RUM. (Spiritus Myrciæ, Spirit
of Myrcia, St. Croix Rum.) A spirit ob-
tained by distilling rum with the leaves
of the Myrcia acris.
a shining black color, of the shape of a
heart, flattened, about an inch long, termi-
nating at one end in an obtuse point and
at the other adhering to a wrinkled stalk.
It contains within two shells a kernel of
a sweetish taste, and between the shells is
lodged a thick acrid juice.
BEAN OF CALABAR. (Calabar Bean,
Physostigmatis Faba.) The seed of Phy-
sostigma venenosum, a climbing plant;
they are said to possess sedative properties,
and have been used in tetanus and paral-
ysis. They are poisonous and were for-
merly used as an ordeal to determine the
guilt or innocence of accused individuals
among the negroes of Africa.
The
BAY SALT. A salt which crystallizes BEAN OF ST. IGNATIUS. (Faba Sancti
or receives its consistence from the heat Ignatii, Ignatia, Ignatia Amara.)
of the sun or action of the air. It forms seed of Strychnos ignatia, a tree of mid-
in pits or basins, and from this circum-dling size. native of the Philippine
stances receives its denomination. It Islands. They act on the human system
appears first in a slight incrustation upon in the same manner as nux vomica.
the surface of the water, which may be
sea-water, or any other water, in which
salt is dissolved. This crust thickens and
hardens till the crystallization is per-
fected, which takes place in eight, ten, or
fifteen days.
BDELLIUM. (Delyum.) A gummy
resinous juice, produced by a tree in the
East Indies. It is brought from there
and Arabia in pieces of different sizes and
figures. Externally of a dark reddish-
brown, internally clear and like glue. It
is used as a perfume, and as a medicine,
being a weak deobstruent. It is some-
times called False Myrrh. There are two
varieties, one called Indian, and obtained
from Amyris Commiphora, and another
called African, from the Heudelotia Afri-
cana, growing in Senegal.
BEAN TREFOIL. A popular name of
the Cytisus laburnum and Anagyris fœtida.
Binding-bean tree, a name given to a spe-
cies of the genus Mimosa. Kidney-bean
tree, a name given to certain species of the
genus Glycine.
BEARBERRY. The Arctostaphylos
uva ursi. (Arbutus uva ursi.)
lus.
BEARBIND. A species of Convolvu-
BEAR'S-BREECH. Brankursine, a
name common to different species of
plants of the genus Acanthus.
BEAR'S-FOOT. See Helleborus Fœtidus.
BEAR'S GREASE. The fat of bears, for-
merly extensively used to promote the
growth of the hair.
BEAVER-TREE. See Magnolia Tree.
BEBEERIÆ SULPHAS. (Sulphate
BEAD TREE, COMMON. See Aze- of Bebeeria.) A tonic, supposed to possess
darach.
BEAKED HAZEL. (Corylus Ros-
trata.) A small shrub, the nut of which
is covered with short spicule which have
been used like cowhage as a vermifuge
BEAN. Malacca-bean or anacardium,
the fruit of a tree (Semicarpus anacar-
dium) growing in Malabar and other
parts of the East Indies. This fruit is of
antiperiodic powers, which has been used
also in various uterine diseases.
BEBEERIC ACID. A peculiar white
crystalline volatile acid obtained from the
seeds of the Nectandra tree of South
America.
BEBEERkaloid of the bark of
(Nectandria.) An al-
BEBEERIA.
the Nectandra or Bebeeru tree.
BEB
BEN
75
BEBEERU BARK.
See Nectandra.
BECCABUNGA. A species of Veron-
ica, native of Europe, called also Brook-
lime or Speedwell; not now in use.
BEET SUGAR.
See Beet.
BEHEN OIL. Oil obtained from the
fruit of Moringa aptera.
BEHENIC ACID. An acid contained
44
BEDEGUAR. (Fungus Rosarum.) An in Behen oil from Moringa aptera, com-
excrescence upon the Sweetbrier, or Eglan-posed of C₁H4O.
tine, and other species of Rosa, produced by
the puncture of insects; not now in use.
BEDFORD SPRING WATER. A
wine pint of this water contains 2.120
grains carbonate of lime; 11.274 grains
sulphate of lime; 3.974 grains sulphate of
magnesia; 1.280 grains sulphates alumina
and sesquioxide of iron; 3.092 grains sul-
phate of soda; 0.243 grains chloride of
sodium; 0.128 grains free sulphuric acid;
a trace of silica and organic matter.
(Propolis.) A soft
BEE-BREAD Y unctuous matter with
BEE-GLUE.
which bees cement the combs to the hive
and close up the cells.
BEE, COMMON. (The Common Bee,
Apis Mellifica.) The bee which produces
the Cera flava or yellow wax.
BEECH. A tree arranged under the
genus Fagus. The bark is smooth and of
a silvery cast, and the nuts are said to
yield an oil suitable for lamps.
BEECH DROPS,
BEECH OIL.
}
(Oleum Fagi.) Oil
(Oleum Fagi.) Oil
expressed from the
nuts of the beech tree. It is used in
BEHENOLIC ACID. An acid formed
by the action of an alcoholic solution of
potassa on the bromide of erucic acid in a
sealed tube, and at a temperature of 140°
to 150° C. It is analogous to Stearolic
acid.
BELE FRUCTUS. See Egle Mar-
melos.
BELGAUM WALNUT OIL. (Ke-
kune Oil, Kukui Oil.) A name given in
India to the oil of the nut of the Aleurites
triloba, a small tree of the Pacific Islands
and East Indies. It is a mild cathartic.
BELLADONNA. See Atropa Bella-
donna.
BELLADONNIN. A volatile alkaline
principle, said to be wholly distinct from
atropia, obtained from belladonna.
BELLFLOWER. A name of several
species of plants of the genus Campanula.
BELL-PEPPER. A name of a species
It is the
of capsicum or Guinea pepper.
red pepper of the gardens.
BELLWORT. A name common to
Picardy, and other parts of France, in- different species of plants of the genus
stead of butter.
BEEF'S MARROW SOAP. A fine
Uvularia.
BELUGA. The Russian name for the
animal oil soap included in the French species of sturgeon from which isinglass is
standard of pharmacy.
BEER. A fermented liquor made from
any farinaceous grain, but generally from
barley, which is first malted and ground,
and its fermentable substance is then ex-
tracted by hot water. This extract, or
infusion, is evaporated by boiling in cal-
drons, and hops, or some other plant of an
agreeable bitterness, added. The liquor
is then suffered to ferment in vats.
BEESWAX. The wax collected by
bees, and of which their cells are con-
structed.
BEET. A plant of the genus Beta.
There are
many varieties. The root
furnishes a large proportion of sugar.
procured.
BEN,
BELVIDERE. A name for the plant
Chenopodium scoparia, or mock cypress.
A purgative fruit or
BEN-NUT.} nut, the largest of which
resembles a filbert, yielding an oil called
oil of ben. It is the fruit of Moringa
pterygosperma of the species moringa.
BEN OIL. A-fixed oil, obtained from
the seeds of the Moringa pterygosperma
and other species of Moringa inhabiting
India. It is employed indiscriminately
with olive oil.
BENCOOLEN CLOVES. A superior
quality of cloves growing in Sumatra.
BENDEE. (Okra, Gombo,
(Okra, Gombo, Hibiscus
BEN
BEN
76
Esculentus.) A name given to a species | pared for preservation by adding to one
of Hibiscus or Abelmoschus, the fruit of thousand parts of it, when melted, sixty
which abounds in mucilage and is used in
thickening soup.
BENE. A name of the Sesamum ori-
entale or oil plant, called in the West
Indies Vangloe.
BENGAL CARDAMOM. An inferior
quality of cardamoms, called also Nepaul
cardamoms, from the mountains of Nepaul.
They grow in Java and other Malay
islands.
BENGAL CATECHU. Catechu in quad-
rangular cakes, exported from the province
of Bengal.
BENGAL OPIUM. A variety of India
opium from the province of Bengal. It is
of inferior quality, and little, if any,
reaches our market.
BENGAL QUINCE. See Egle Marmelos.
BENIC ACID. An acid obtained by
the saponification of the oil of ben.
BENJAMIN. A name for the tree or
shrub Laurus benzoin (Benzoin odorif-
erum) or spice bush; the Styrax benzoin.
BENNE LEAF. The leaves of Ses-
amum Indicum and of Sesamum orien-
tale. They abound in a gummy matter,
which they readily impart to water,
forming a rich, bland mucilage, much
used in the South as a drink in various
complaints to which demulcents are ap-
plicable.
parts of a tincture of benzoin, or poplar
buds, or guaiac prepared by percolation
from one part of the drug to four of alco-
hol, agitating the mixture till it cools.
BENZINATED SOLUTION OF ALUMINA.
A styptic liquid, consisting of a solution
of alumina impregnated with benzoin.
BENZINE. See Benzene.
BENZOATE. A salt formed by the
union of benzoic acid with any salifiable
base.
BENZOATE OF AMMONIA. See Ammo-
nia Benzoate.
BENZOATE OF SODA. (Sodæ Benzoas.)
A salt prepared by saturating a solution
of benzoic acid with a solution of carbonate
of soda. Used in gout and rheumatism.
BENZOATED LARD. (Adeps Benzo-
atus, Unguentum Benzoini, Ointment of
Benzoin.) Lard impregnated with ben-
zoin for its preservation. See Benzinated
Lard.
BENZOE AMYGDALOIDES. A su-
perior kind of benzoin.
BENZOE IN SORTIS. (Benzoin in Sorts.)
An impure quality of benzoin.
BENZOIC ACID. See Acid, Benzoic.
BENZOIN. (Benzoinum, Gum Ben-
zoin.) A concrete, resinous juice, flowing
from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Suma-
tra. By heat or partial decomposition it
yields benzoic acid. It flows from incisions
made in the stems or branches. It is
solid or brittle, sometimes in yellowish-
white tears joined together by a brown
BENNE OIL. (Oleum Sesami.) The
oil of the seeds of Sesamum Indicum and
S. orientale. It bears some resemblance
to olive oil in its properties.
BENNET. The herb bennet or common substance like resin. It has an agreeable
Avens; the Geum urbanum.
smell when rubbed or heated.
BENZOIN FLOWERS. (Flowers of Ben-
zoin.) A name formerly applied to benzoic
acid, from the mode of preparing by sub-
limation.
BENZENE. (Benzine, Benzole, Phene,
Hydruret of Phenyl.) A distinct carbo-
hydrogen of a definite composition, origi-
nally prepared by distilling benzoic acid
with lime, but was afterward discovered BENZOIN ODORIFERUM. (Laurus Ben-
to be a constituent of coal-gas tar, which, zoin, Spice Wood, Spice Bush, Fever Bush.)
when distilled, furnishes coal naphtha, or A shrub growing in all parts of this
the commercial benzine, a complex sub- country, having a spicy, agreeable flavor,
stance, containing a number of carbohy- which is strongest in the bark and berries.
drogens, among which is benzole. Its The bark has been used in intermittents,
composition is C.H.
and the small branches, in the form of a
BENZINATED LARD. Lard pre- decoction, as a vermifuge.
BEN
BET
77
BENZOÏNE. A concrete principle | An alkaloid distinct from Berberina, dis-
found in the oil of the bitter almond.
BENZOINUM. See Benzoin.
BENZOLE. See Benzene.
BENZOLIC ACID. An acid formed
by the action of an alcoholic solution of
potassa on benzole when heated in the
absence of air.
BENZONITRIL. One of the products
of naphthalin, which, when boiled with a
solution of caustic soda, becomes benzoate
of soda, from which benzoic acid is pre-
cipitated by muriatic acid.
BENZOYL. The radical of benzoic
acid. It can be isolated while treating
chloride of benzoyl with sodium.
BENZYL. (Hydruret of Benzyl.) A
compound radical contained in the purified
oil of bitter almond. It is composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
BERBERIDACEÆ. A family of
plants including the genera Berberis and
Podophyllum.
BERBERIN. An alkaloid obtained
from the alcoholic solution of the extract
of the root of Berberis vulgaris or Bar-
berry. It is called also Berberina.
BERBERIN TREE. (Yellow-dye Tree of
Soudan, Cœlocline Polycarpa, Unona Poly-
carpa.) A small tree of Western Africa,
which, when wounded, produces a yellow
stain upon linen, which cannot be erased.
Its bark contains berberin, and is much
used for dyeing yellow.
BERBERIS. (Barberry.) The bark
of the root of Berberis vulgaris, a plant
native of Europe, the inner bark and wood
of which are yellow, and the leaves and
berries of a sour taste. The bark of the
root is tonic in small doses and cathartic
in larger.
BERBERIS ARISTATA,
BERBERIS CANADENSIS,
BERBERIS LYCIUM,
Species of
Berberis.
BERBERIS VULGARIS.
BERBERIS DARWINII. A shrub abound-
ing in the Province of Valdivia and
Chiloe, Chili, said to possess properties
like gentian.
BERBINA.
covered in the root of the barberry.
BERGAMOT. A species of citron
whose fruit has a fine taste and smell, and
its essential oil is highly esteemed as a
perfume. This oil is extracted from the
yellow rind of the fruit. The bergamot
is the Citrus bergamia, a distinct species,
with a pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of
which is obtained the oil of bergamot.
BERGAMOT PEAR ESSENCE. See Amy-
lic Ether Acetate.
BERLIN BLUE. Prussian blue.
BERTHOLLETIA EXCELSA. A
large beautiful tree of South America,
which is said to produce the Brazil or
cream nuts.
BESTUCHEF'S TINCTURE OF
IRON. A solution of sesquichloride of
iron in a mixture of one part ether and
four of alcohol.
34 18
BETAORCINE. A peculiar principle
having the composition C4H106, formed
by the dry distillation of usnic acid.
BETAORSELLIC ACID. An acid
obtained from a variety of Roccella tinc-
toria, composed of C34H16015-
BETEL. A species of pepper; it is a
creeping or climbing plant, like the ivy;
the leaves somewhat resembling those of
the citron.
BETEL NUT. See Areca Nut.
BETHELSDORP ALOES. See Aloe.
BETONY. A name common to differ-
ent species of plants of the genus Beton-
ica. The purple or wood betony, a native
of Europe, grows in woods and shady
places, and is deemed useful as a mild
corroborant.
BETULA ALBA. (Common European
Birch.) Various parts of this tree have
been applied to medical uses. The inner
bark is bitter and astringent, and has
been used in fevers.
BETULA LENTA.
(Mountain Mahog-
any, Sweet Birch, Black Birch, Cherry
Birch.)
BETULA PAPYRACEÆ. The bark of
this species is used for making canoes.
BETULACE E. That family of plants
(Vinetina, Oxycanthin.) to which the genus Alnus belongs.
BET
BIC
78
BETULIN.
A peculiar principle,
BICARBONATE OF SODA.
Carbonate or
ranked among the sub-resins, obtained sal soda united with an additional equiv-
from the bark of the Betula alba or Euro-alent of carbonic acid. It consists of two
pean birch.
BEVILACQUA. (Thick-leaved Pen-
nywort, Hydrocotyle Asiatica.) A small
plant, native of India, where it has been
used as an alterative.
equivalents of carbonic acid, one of soda,
and one of water. It has the general
properties of the carbonate in a more
agreeable form.
BICHLORIDE OF CARBON. (Te-
trachloride of Carbon, Chlorocarbon.) An
anæsthetic similar in its effects to those of
chloroform.
BICHLORIDE OF ETHYL. (Bichloride of
BEZOAR. A name given to concre-
tions formed in the stomach or intestines
of animals, which were thought to possess
medical virtues. Not now in use. They
were arranged into two classes,—the lapis | Methylen, Chloromethyl.) An anæsthetic
bezoar orientalis and the lapis bezoar occi- prepared by exposing to sunshine in a
dentalis.
glass globe chlorine and gaseous chloride
of methyl.
BICHLORIDE OF ETHYLEN. (Dutch
Liquid.) An anesthetic compound re-
BEZOAR MINERAL. A preparation of
oxide of antimony, produced by distilling
the nitrous acid several times to dryness
from the sublimated muriate of anti-sulting from the mutual action of chlorine
mony.
and olefiant gas, and composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and chlorine.
BI. Bi in composition denotes that
the compound contains two parts or BICHLORIDE OF MERCURY. (Corrosive
equivalents of the first mentioned in- Sublimate, Perchloride of Mercury, Corro-
gredient to one of the other; thus, bicar-sive Chloride of Mercury, Hydrargyrum
bonate of potash contains two parts of Corrosivum Sublimatum, Hydrargyri Bi-
carbonic acid to one of potash.
chloridum, Hydrargyri Perchloridum, Hy-
BI-ACID. Capable of combining with drargyri Chloridum Corrosivum) A pow-
two parts or equivalents of acid.
BIBASIC PHOSPHATE OF SODA.
Phosphate of soda deprived of its basic
water by heat.
BIBASIC PHOSPHORIC ACID. One of
the isomeric conditions assumed by phos-
phoric acid (glacial) in its production by
heat. It is the pyrophosphoric.
An
BIBORATE OF SODA. See Borax.
BIBROMIDE OF MERCURY.
irritant poison obtained by digesting the
protobromide of mercury in water con-
taining bromine.
BIBULOUS. Spongy; that has the
quality of imbibing fluids or moisture; as
bibulous paper.
erful preparation of mercury, long used
as a remedy in syphillis, in skin diseases,
and in chronic rheumatism. It may be
prepared by dissolving red precipitate in
muriatic acid, evaporating the solution to
dryness, dissolving the dry mass in water,
and crystallizing.
BICHLORIDE OF METHYL. See Bi-
chloride of Ethyl.
BICHROMATE.
A salt containing
two equivalents of chromic acid to one of
base.
BICHROMATE OF POTASSA. (Potassæ
Bichromas, Kali Chromicum Rubrum, Red
Chromate of Potassa.)
A salt prepared
from the neutral or yellow chromate of
potassa, by acidulating its solution with
sulphuric acid, and setting it aside for a
day or two. It is used as an alterative,
BICARBONATE OF POTASSA. Carbonate emetic, an irritant, a caustic, and as a
BICARBONATE. A carbonate con-
sisting of two equivalents of carbonic acid
to one of base; a supercarbonate.
of potassa combined with an additional
equivalent of carbonic acid by passing a
stream of the latter through a solution of
the carbonate until it is saturated.
dye.
BICYANIDE OF MERCURY.
(Prussiate of Mercury, Cyanuret of Mer-
cury, Cyanide of Mercury, Hydrargyri
BIC
BIN
79
and soda, with a peculiar azotized acid.
Cyanidum, Hydrargyri Cyanuretum.) Aoring principle of the bile of the ox, called
preparation composed of one equivalent cholepyrrhin. It is a double salt of lime
of mercury and two of cyanogen. It is
a potent poison, and has been occasionally
used in syphilis instead of corrosive sub-
limate.
BICOLORATA. A species of cinchona
called in France Quinquina bicolore, in
Italy, China bicoloratu, and sometimes
named Pitaya bark.
BIDENS BIPINNATA. (Spanish
Needles.) An herbaceous plant, the root
and seeds of which are used as an emmen-
agogue, and by the Eclectics in bronchial
diseases.
BIENNIAL. In Botany, continuing
for two years and then perishing, as
plants whose roots and leaves are formed
the first year, and which produce fruit
the second.
BIFARIOUS. In Botany, pointing
two ways, as leaves that grow only on
opposite sides of a branch.
BIFOLIATE. Having two leaves.
BIFORIN. A minute oval sac found
in the interior of the green pulpy part of
the leaves of some plants. They discharge
their contents by an opening at each ex-
tremity.
BIGARADIA MYRTIFOLIA. (Ci-
trus Bigaradia Myrtifolia.) A variety of
the orange plant producing the mandarin
orange.
BIGNONIA CATALPA. (Catalpa
Cordifolia, Catalpa Tree, Catawba Tree.)
A beautiful flowering tree said to be poi-
sonous. The seeds have been used in
asthma.
BIGNONIA SEMPERVIRENS. (Yellow
Jasmine, Gelsen.ium Sempervirens, Gelse-
mium Nitidum.) The Yellow or Carolina
Jasmine, a beautiful climbing plant of the
Southern States. It is a nervous and ar-
terial stimulant. The flowers are poison-
ous. The root is the part employed, though
it also is capable of producing death in
large doses.
BILATE OF SODA. The chief con-
stituent of bile, being a compound of soda.
BILIN. The chief constituent of the
bile of the ox or ox-gall, or Fel bovinum.
It is uncrystallizable, colorless, translu-
cent, inodorous, inflammable, of an acrid,
bitter taste, and soluble in all proportions
in water, insoluble in ether.
BILIPHÆIN. (Cholepyrrhic Acid.)
The brown coloring matter of bile and
biliary concretions.
BILIVERDIN. A green coloring mat-
ter resulting from the absorption of oxy-
gen by cholepyrrhin.
BINARY COMPOUNDS. Those com-
pounds which are composed of two ele-
ments, or of an element and a compound,
performing the function of an element,
or of two compounds performing the func-
tions of elements.
BINATE. Being double, or in couples;
growing in pairs, as a binate leaf.
BINDWEED. A name of different
species of the genus Convolvulus.
BINIODIDE OF MERCURY. (Red
Iodide of Mercury, Hydrargyri Iodidum
Rubrum) A binary compound resulting
from the precipitation of a mixture of
separate solutions of corrosive sublimate
and iodide of potassium in water. It is
a powerful irritant poison, used in syphilis
and epilepsy.
BINITROSULPHURET OF IRON.
A preparation for testing the purity of
chloroform, formed by mixing nitrate of
potassa and hydrosulphate of ammonia in
solution, and adding a solution of proto-
sulphate of iron, stirring constantly, until
the liquid has but a slight alkaline reac-
tion, then evaporating to dryness, treating
the residue with etherized alcohol on a
filter, and then evaporating that crystals
may form.
BINOXALATE OF POTASSA. (Salt
of Sorrel.) A salt prepared by exactly
neutralizing with potassa one part of ox-
alic acid in solution, then adding one part
more of the acid, and evaporating the
solution so that it may crystallize on cool-
BILATERAL. Having two sides.
BILIFULVIN. A product of the col-ing.
BIP
BIS
80
BIPARTITE. Divided in two parts | rificatum.) Bismuth usually contains ar-
senic and other contaminating metals,
to the base, as a leaf.
BIPECTINATE. Having two mar- which are removed by oxidation.
gins toothed like a comb.
BISMUTH SUBCARBONATE. See Bismuth
BIPETALOUS. Having two flower Carbonate. It is called subcarbonate, be-
leaves or petals.
BIRACEMATE OF POTASSA. (Par-
atartrate of Potassa.) A salt discovered
cause it contains a less number of equiv-
alents of carbonic acid than of bismuth.
BISMUTH SUBNITRATE. (Bismuthum
in wine, said to be an evidence of its su- | Album, White Bismuth, Bismuthi Subni-
periority. It is in octagonal crystals.
BIRCH, EUROPEAN.
Alba.
See Betula
BIRCH, SWEET. See Betula Lenta.
BIRDLIME. A viscid substance ex-
isting in various plants, particularly in
the bark of Viscum album and Ilex aqui-
folium or European holly. It is greenish,
tenacious, glutinous, bitterish, and of an
odor like that of linseed oil.
See Guano.
BIRD-MANURE.
BIRD-PEPPER. A species of capsi-
cum or Guinea pepper; a shrubby plant
bearing a small oval fruit, more biting
than the other sorts.
tras.) A salt formed by dissolving puri-
fied bismuth in nitric acid somewhat
diluted, concentrating the solution, and
precipitating by adding it to a large
quantity of water. It is considered an
antispasmodic and absorbent, a sedative
and astringent, used chiefly in affections
of the stomach.
BISMUTH TEROXIDE. A yellow oxide
of bismuth, formed by burning the metal
in the open air, which consists of one
equivalent of bismuth and three of oxy-
gen, which renders it
which renders it a teroxide.
BISMUTH VALERIANATE. (Bismuthi
Valerianas.) A salt formed by the double
BIRTHWORT. A species of Aristo- decomposition between solutions of ter-
lochia.
nitrate of bismuth and valerianate of soda.
It is used in neuralgia and painful affec-
tions of the stomach.
BISMUTHIC ACID. A compound of
bismuth and oxygen, possessing acid prop-
erties, and consisting of one equivalent of
the former to five of the latter.
BISENNA. See Albizia Anthelmintica.
BISMUTH. (Bismuthum.) A metal
of a yellowish or reddish-white color, and
a lamellar texture. It is somewhat harder
than lead, and scarcely, if at all, malle-
able, being so brittle as to break easily
under the hammer, and it is reducible to
powder. Its internal face or fracture ex-posed of bismuth and sulphur; a native
hibits large shining plates variously dis-sulphuret of bismuth.
BISMUTHINE. A rare mineral, com-
posed. It melts at 476° Fahr., and may BISMUTHUM. See Bismuth.
be fused in the flame of a candle. It is
often found in a native state crystallized
in rhombs or octahedrons, or in the form
of dendrites.
BISMUTHUM ALBUM. See Bismuth Sub-
BISMUTH CARBONATE. (Subcarbonate
of Bismuth, Bismuthi Carbonas) A salt
formed by the union of carbonic acid
with bismuth. It is used in disorders of
the stomach.
nitrate.
BISTORT. The root of Polygonum
bistorta, a plant growing in Europe and
Asia. It contains tannin, gallic acid,
gum, and starch, and resembles the vege-
table astringents.
BISULPHATE. A sulphate consist-
ing of two equivalents of sulphuric acid
BISMUTH MAGISTERY. An old name to one of base; a supersulphate.
for the subnitrate of bismuth.
BISMUTH OCHRE. A native oxide of
bismuth, sometimes containing a small
portion of carbonic acid.
BISULPHATE OF ALCOHOL. (Bisulphate
of Ether.) A double sulphate of ether and
water. See Sulphovinic Acid.
BISULPHATE OF POTASSA. (Potassæ
BISMUTH PURIFIED. (Bismuthum Pu- Bisulphas.) A salt prepared by placing
BIS
BIT
$1
together in a small porcelain capsule, to
which heat is applied until acid vapors
cease to rise, three ounces of sulphate of
potassa and one ounce of pure sulphuric
acid.
(Supersul-
BISULPHATE OF QUINIA.
phate of Quinia.) A salt of quinia con-
sisting of two equivalents of sulphuric
acid to one of quinia. It may be obtained
by adding to a boiling concentrated solu-
tion of the ordinary sulphate as much sul-
phuric acid as already exists in the salt,
and evaporating to dryness.
culent European plant, used as an anti-
scorbutic, emetic, cathartic, and diuretic,
and locally to warts and other excres-
cences.
BITTER ALMOND. See Almond.
BITTER ASH. (Bittera Febrifuga.) A
name given to a tree growing in Martini-
co, in the West Indies, the wood of which
has tonic properties closely analogous to
those of quassia, and which contains a
bitter principle identical with quassin.
BITTER BUSH. A species of Eupatorium
(E. nervosum) said to be efficacious in
(Bi-cholera, typhus and typhoid fevers, and
small-pox.
BISULPHIDE OF CARBON.
sulphuret of Carbon, Sulphuret of Carbon,
Sulphide of Carbon, Carburet of Sulphur.)
A compound formed by passing the vapor
of sulphur over charcoal heated to redness
in a porcelain tube. It is used internally
and externally in rheumatism, paralysis,
cutaneous affections, and as a resolvent in
indolent tumors, and it is used as a solvent
in the arts and manufactures.
BISULPHITE OF LIME. A salt
prepared by passing sulphurous acid in
excess through a solution of the sulphite
of lime.
BISULPHURET. A sulphuret with
two atoms of sulphur as the electro-nega-
tive ingredient; a deuto-sulphuret.
BISULPHURET OF ARSENIC.
gar.
•
See Real-
BISULPHURET OF IODINE. (Iodide of
Sulphur, Sulphuris Iodidum.) A prepara-
tion resulting from the perfect combina-
tion of iodine and sulphur in the propor-
tion of four parts of the former to one of
the latter. It is a useful remedy in various
skin diseases.
(Red
BITTER CANDYTUFT. (Iberis Amara.)
A small European plant, the seeds of
which, together with the stem, leaves,
and root, are said to be useful in rheuma-
tism, asthma, bronchitis, and dropsy.
BITTER CUCUMBER. A name applied
to the colocynth plant (Cucumis colocyn-
this or Citrullus colocynthis).
BITTER GOURD. A species of Cucumis;
the Colocynth, Colocynthis coloquintida.
The fruit is of the gourd kind, having a
shell inclosing a bitter pulp, which is a
very drastic purgative. It is brought
from the Levant, and is the Bitter Apple
of the shops.
BITTER ORANGE-PEEL.
Amari Cortex.
See Aurantii
BITTER POLYGALA. (Polygala Rubella.)
The root and herb of Polygala rubella or
P. polygama, a plant found in many parts
of the United States, having a strong,
permanent, bitter taste, which it yields to
water and alcohol. It is said to be tonic,
laxative, and diaphoretic.
BITTER SALT. Epsom salt.
BITTER SWEET. (Woody Nightshade.)
The stalks of Solanum dulcamara, a slen-
der climbing plant, whose root, when
chewed, produces first a bitter, then a
sweet taste. It is chiefly employed in the
treatment of skin diseases.
BISULPHURET OF MERCURY.
Sulphuret of Mercury, Cinnabaris, Cinna-
bar, Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Rubrum.)
A preparation formed by the union of
mercury and sulphur by heat, and subli-
mated. To render the combination more
prompt, the sulphur should first be melted.
It is now seldom given internally.
BITTER VETCH. A plant of the genus
BITARTRATE OF POTASSA. See Orobus. The tubercles of one species are
Acid Tartrate of Potash.
BITING STONE CROP. (Small
Houseleek, Sedum Acre.) A small, suc-
highly esteemed among the Highlanders
of Scotland, who chew them when dry to
give a better relish to their liquors.
6
BIT
BLA
82
Bitter Wort. The gentian plant.
BITTER
BITTERA FEBRIFUGA. See Bitter
Ash.
BITTERN. In salt works the brine
remaining after the salt is concreted. It
is used in the preparation of Epsom salts
and Glauber salt.
BITTERS. Such medicinal compounds
as are characterized by their bitterness,
and which exert a tonic power on the di-
gestive organs.
BITUMENS. Liquids or solids which
emit, when heated, a peculiar smell, burn
easily, and leave a very small carbona-
ceous residue. They exist in nature either
isolated or combined with carbon in
various proportions, forming the various
kinds of bituminous coal.
BIXACEÆ. The family of plants
which includes the genus Bixa.
BIXA ORELLANA. A South Amer-
ican tree, the reddish pulp surrounding
the seeds of which constitutes the annotto
of commerce.
BLACK CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. An
impure cyanide of potassium found re-
maining in the retort in the preparation
of the pure cyanide according to the
process of the French Codex.
BLACK DRAUGHT. A compound infu-
sion of senna, the ingredients of which
are senna, Epsom salt, manna, and fennel-
seed, in the proportions respectively of a
half ounce, an ounce, and a drachm, to a
half pint of boiling water.
BLACK DRINK. A decoction made from
the toasted leaves of the Ilex vomitoria or
Ilex cassina, a handsome evergreen shrub
growing in the Southern States. It is
called Cassina by the Indians.
BLACK DROP. The acetated tincture of
opium.
BLACK FLUX. A name applied to
cream of tartar deflagrated with half its
weight of nitrate of potassa.
BLACK HAW. (Viburnum Prunifolium.)
A tree-like shrub growing in New York
and Ohio, the bark of which is said to be
BIXIC ACID. An acid obtained from efficacious in preventing miscarriage.
annotto.
BLACK HELLEBORE. (Christmas Rose,
BIXIN. The peculiar crystallizable col- Helleborus.) The root of Helleborus niger,
oring principle of the annotto.
BLACK ALDER. (Prinos.) The
bark of Prinos verticillatus, a shrub often
called Winterberry, growing in this coun-
try. It is considered a tonic, and substi-
tute for Peruvian bark.
a native European plant. It is a drastic
hydragogue cathartic and an emmena-
gogue, and in large doses poisonous. Its
flowers expand in the middle of winter.
BLACK IPECACUANHA. (Peruvian Ipe-
cacuanha, Striated Ipecacuanha.) The root
BLACK ANTIMONY. See Antimonii Sul- of Psychotria emetica, a small shrubby
phuretum.
BLACK ASH. (Soda Ball, British Ba-
rilla.) A black mass formed by mixing
the dried sulphate of soda with its own
weight of ground limestone and half its
weight of small coal, ground and sifted,
and the whole fused by heating it in a
reverberatory furnace.
BLACK BIRCH. See Betula Lenta.
BLACK CANTHARIS. (Cantharis Atrata.)
A species of the Spanish fly of a uniform
black color.
}
BLACK CATECHU. One of two kinds
of catechu (black and red) prepared from
the Acacia catechu tree in Burmah. The
former is prepared in China, the latter in
Bengal.
plant, growing in Peru, which was for-
Brazilian ipecacuanha.
merly supposed to produce the genuine
BLACK LEAD. (Plumbago, Ferri Car-
buretum, Carburet of Iron.) A mineral
composed of carbon and a small portion.
of iron. It has been used internally and
externally in skin diseases.
BLACK MERCURIAL LOTION. See Lotio
Hydrargyri Nigra.
The seed of Sinapis
BLACK MUStard.
nigra, an annual plant, native of Europe,
but has become naturalized in some parts
of this country. The seeds yield by dis-
tillation with water a pungent volatile
oil containing sulphur.
BLA
BLA
83
BLACK NIGHTSHADE. See Solanum |
Nigrum.
BLACK OAK BARK. The bark of Quer-
cus tinctoria, one of our largest trees.
It
is tonic, astringent, and used in scrofula,
fevers, diarrhoea, &c., &c.
BLACK OXIDE OF COPPER. The prot-
oxide of copper obtained by heating to
redness the nitrate of copper. Used ex-
ternally in induration of the glands.
BLACK OXIDE OF MANGANESE. (Man-
ganesii Oxidum Nigrum, Manganese, Per-
oxide of Manganese, Deutoxide of Manga-
nesc, Pyrolusite, Braunstein.) Native
impure deutoxide of manganese in pow-
der, containing sixty-six per cent. of the
pure deutoxide. It is considered tonic
and alterative, and is used in the arts for
obtaining chlorine in the manufacture of
chloride of lime.
BLACK OXIDE OF MERCURY. (Hydrar-
gyri Oxidum Nigrum.) A preparation
consisting of one equivalent of mercury
and one of oxygen, and may be prepared
by decomposing a solution of nitrate of
protoxide of mercury by solution of po-
tassa.
BLACK SPRUCE. See Abies Nigra.
BLACK SULPHURET OF MERCURY.
(Ethiops Mineral, Hyd. Sulphuretum Ni-
grum.) An old preparation, made by
triturating together equal parts of sul-
phur and mercury until the globules dis-
appear.
BLACK WADD. An ore of manganese,
found in England, and used as a drying
ingredient in paints. It is remarkable
for taking fire when mixed with linseed
oil in a certain proportion.
BLACK WALNUT. (Juglans Nigra.)
The common black walnut, the inner
bark of the root of which possesses prop-
erties similar to those of the Juglans cin-
erea or butternut.
BLACK WASH. See Lotio Nigra.
BLACKBERRY AROMATIC SYR-
UP. Reduce to a powder two ounces of
blackberry root, one drachm and a half
each of cinnamon, cloves, and mace;
moisten with two fluid ounces of alcohol,
percolate with water till seventeen fluid
ounces have passed, in which dissolve
thirty ounces of sugar.
BLADDER SENNA. (Coluta Arbo-
BLACK PIGMENT. A fine, light, car-rescens.) A shrub growing in Europe, the
bonaceous substance, or lampblack. It is leaves of which are used as a substitute
obtained from coal-tar.
BLACK PEPPER. (Piper Nigrum.) The
dried unripe berries of Piper nigrum, a vine
or perennial plant growing wild in India.
BLACK POPLAR. (Populus Nigra.) A
species of Populus growing in Europe,
the buds of which contain resin and a
peculiar volatile oil.
for senna, though much inferior
BLADDER-WRACK. (Sea- Wrack, Fucus
Vesiculosus.) A sea-weed growing on the
shores of Europe. It contains soda in
saline combination and iodine in the state
of iodide of potassium, though in small
proportions.
BLANCARD'S PILLS. Pills of iodide
BLACK POPPY. A variety of poppy, of of iron.
the species Papaver somniferum.
BLACK SALTS. A black matter of the
consistence of brown sugar, resulting from
the evaporation of the lixivium in the
manufacture of potash.
BLACK SNAKEROOT. (Black Cohosh,
Cimicifuga.) The root of Cimicifuga ra-
cemosa, C. serpentaria, Actæa racemosa, or
Macrotys racemosa, a tall stately plant,
native of this country. It is used in
nervous disorders.
BLANC-FIX.
(Permanent White.)
Artificial sulphate of baryta made from
both the native sulphate and native car-
bonate. It is used by the manufacturers
of paper hangings and for mixing with
other colors, the tone of which it does not
impair.
BLANCH. To make white by strip-
ping off the peel; whitening; bleaching.
BLANCHIMETER. An instrument
for measuring the bleaching power of
BLACK SPLEENWORT. See Asplenium chloride of lime and potash.
Adiantum Nigrum.
BLAND. Mild, soft, gentle.
BLA
BOG
84
BLOODWEED. See Asclepias Curas-
savica.
BLASTOCARPOUS. In Botany, ger- species of Sanguinaria, the root of which
minating inside the pericarps, as the is an acrid emetic, stimulant, narcotic,
mangrove.
expectorant, and emmenagogue.
BLAUD'S FERRUGINOUS PILLS. BLOODWORT. A species of Rumex;
Pills prepared from equal weights of sul-applied also to bloodroot.
phate of iron, carbonate of potash, and
tartrate of potassa. They are celebrated
in France as a remedy in chlorosis.
BLAZING STAR. See Aletris.
BLEACHING OF GUM. A mode of
purifying colored gum arabic by dissolv-
ing it in a strong and pure solution of
sulphurous acid, treating the solution
with carbonate of baryta in excess, filter-
ing and evaporating at a moderate heat.
BLEACHING POWDER. Chloride of
Lime.
BLENDE. Native sulphuret of zinc.
BLESSED THISTLE. (Centaurea
Benedicta, Carduus Benedictus, Cnicus
Benedictus.) A European herbaceous
plant naturalized in this country, con-
sidered tonic, diaphoretic, and emetic.
BLISTERING CERATE. (Ceratum
Cantharidis, Cerate of Spanish Flies,
Emplastrum Cantharidis, Blistering Plas-
ter.) The cerate of cantharides of the
U.S. P.
BLISTERING CLOTH. (Blistering Paper,
Vesicating Taffetus.) Paper or cloth sat-
urated with a solution of cantharidin in
olive oil, or cantharidin incorporated with
wax and spread on waxed silk, cloth, or
paper.
BLISTERING LIQUID. (Linimentum
Cantharidis, Liquor Epispasticus, Lini-
ment of Cantharides.) One troy ounce of
powdered cantharides digested in half a
pint of oil of turpentine in a closed vessel
by means of a water-bath for three hours,
constitutes the above preparation.
BLISTERING PAPER. See Blistering
Cloth.
BLOOMING SPURGE. See Euphor-
bia Corollata.
BLOWBALL. The downy head of
the dandelion, formed by the papas, after
the blossom has fallen.
BLOW PIPE. An instrument by
which a blast or current of air is driven
through the flame of a lamp or candle,
and that flame directed upon a mineral
substance to fuse or vitrify it. The com-
pound blowpipe of Dr. Hare, invented in
1801, is an instrument in which oxygen
and hydrogen, propelled by hydrostatic,
or other pressure, coming from separate
reservoirs in the proportions requisite to
form water, are made to unite in a capil-
lary orifice at the moment when they are
kindled. The heat produced, when the
focus is formed on charcoal, or any non-
conducting substance, is such as to melt
everything; to burn the metals and to
dissipate in vapors, or in gaseous forms,
most known substances.
}
A species of Cen-
taurea.
BLUE BONNET,
BLUE BOTTLE.
BLUE COHOSH. See Caulophyllum Tha-
lictroides.
BLUE FLAG. See Iris Versicolor.
BLUE GENTIAN. See Gentiana Cates-
bæi.
BLUE MASS, See Pilula Hydrargyrı.
BLUE PILL. Í
BLUE STONE, } See Cupri Sulphas.
BLUE VITRIol.
BOHMERIA NIVEA. A species of
nettle known as the Chinese grass plant.
BLISTERING PLASTER. See Blistering It abounds in Australia, where it is used
for weaving exceedingly fine fabrics.
BOGBEAN. See Menyanthes Trifo-
Cerate.
BLOCK TIN. Impure tin obtained
by melting mine tin, roasting it and
reducing it in furnaces by means of stone
coal.
liata.
BOGOTA BARK. (Pitaya Bark, Fu-
sagasuga Bark, Coquelta Bark, Carthagena
BLOODROOT. (Red Root, Puccoon, Bark, Maracaibo Bark.) A species of
Bloodwort, Sanguinaria Canadensis.) A Peruvian bark classed as the fibrous Car-
BOH
BON
85
thagena bark. Bogota is the entrepôt of
the trade in this species.
BOHEATANNIC ACID. An acid dis-
covered in tea, composed of C₁H6O8+Aq.
BOHEIC ACID. A peculiar acid ob-
tained from Chinese tea.
BOILING-POINT. The temperature
at which a fluid is converted into steam
or vapor with the phenomena of ebullition.
This in water is 212°; in alcohol 176°; in
ether, 96°; in mercury 662°.
BOLDAA AROMATICA. A hand-
some tree abounding in the central prov-
inces of Chili, growing most abundantly
on the sunny declivities of the mountains.
Every part of the tree is aromatic. The
leaves and bark are employed in the form
of aromatic baths in the treatment of
rheumatisms.
BOLE. A kind of fine clay, often
highly colored by iron. It is brittle, smooth,
a little unctuous, and receives a polish
from the finger-nail. It adheres to the
tongue; melts by degrees in the mouth,
and impresses a slight sense of astrin-
gency.
BOLE ARMENIAN. This species is of a
bright-red color with a tinge of yellow,
harder than the other species, and of a
rough, dusty surface.
BOLE OF BLOIS is yellow, lighter than
the other species, and it effervesces with
acids.
BOLE BOHEMIAN is of a yellow color,
with a cast of red, and of a flaky texture.
BOLE FRENCH is of a pale-red color,
variegated with specks of white and yel-
low.
BOLE LEMNIAN is of a pale-red color.
BOLE SILESIAN is of a pale-yellow
color.
BOLETIC ACID. An acid discovered
in the juice of the Boletus fomentarius.
BOLETUS. A genus of mushrooms
containing many species.
BOLETUS FOMENTARIUS,
agaric or mushroom.
BOLETUS RIBIS,
BOLETUS UNGULATUS.
}
Š
Species of
agaric or mush-
room.
BOLTONITE. A granular mineral of
a grayish or yellowish color, found in
Bolton, Mass. It is composed chiefly of
silica and magnesia.
BOLUS. A soft mass of any medicine
made into a large pill, to be swallowed at
once.
BOLUS VENETA. A dull red ochrey
substance used in painting.
BOMBATE. A salt formed by the
combination of bombic acid with a base.
BOMBAX. The cotton tree.
BOMBAY CATECHU.
catechu in cakes.
A kind of
BOMBIC ACID. An animal acid ob-
tained from silkworms.
BOMBYX. The silk worm.
BONDOU GUM. A species of the
Senegal variety of gum arabic, resembling
the Galam gum, with which it is often
mixed.
BONE. (Os.) The hardest and densest
part, and constituting the skeleton of the
superior order of animals. It consists of
bone gelatin (cartilage of bone), bone
phosphate of lime with a little fluoride of
calcium, carbonate of lime, phosphate of
magnesia, soda with a little chloride of
sodium.
BONE ASH. (Os Ustum.) The residue
of bones which have been burned to a
white ash in contact with air.
BONE BLACK. The black, carbonaceous
substance into which bones are converted
by calcination in close vessels; called also
Animal Charcoal. It is used as a decolor-
izing material and as a black pigment.
BONE BLACK, ARTIFICIAL. A prepa-
ration formed by impregnating powdered
wood charcoal with 7.5 per cent. of phos-
phate of lime.
BONE EARTH. A white, friable earth
A species of resulting from the calcination of bones in
open vessels. It consists chiefly of phos-
BOLETUS IGNIARIUS. The agaric of the phate of lime.
oak. See Agaric.
BONE OIL. A rectified brown oil, with
BOLETUS LARICIS. See Agaric, Purg- a greenish shade, obtained during the de-
ing.
structive distillation of bones.
BON
BOR
86
BONE PHOSPHATE OF LIME. The tri- ammonia, and allowing the solution to
basic subphosphate of lime, consisting of cool slowly, when semi-transparent crys-
one equivalent of phosphoric acid and tals will form. Said to be useful in stone
three of lime, prepared by burning bones in the bladder and renal colic.
to whiteness. It is a white, inodorous,
tasteless powder, insoluble in water, but
soluble in nitric, muriatic, and acetic
acids.
BONE SPIRIT. An ammoniacal liquor
obtained by the destructive distillation of
bones.
BONESET. See Eupatorium.
BONNET PEPPER. A species of
capsicum, Bonplandia trifoliata. A title
given to the angustura tree, Galipea offi-
cinalis.
BORACIC. Pertaining to or produced
from borax.
BORACIC ACID. A compound con-
sisting of boron with oxygen. It is ob-
tained from borax by adding sulphuric
acid. It is also found native in certain
mineral springs in Italy. It has the
property of rendering cream of tartar
soluble in water.
BORACIC ACID SOLUBLE CREAM OF
TARTAR. A preparation formed by dis-
solving in a silver basin at the boiling
temperature, 400 parts of cream of tartar
and 100 parts of boracic acid in 2400 parts
of water. The solution is kept boiling
until the greater part of the water is
consumed.
BORACITE. A mineral com
composed of
boracic acid and magnesia; a native borate
of magnesia.
BORAGE. (Borago Officinalis.) A
heavy, succulent European plant abound-
ing in mucilage, the stems containing
nitrate of potassa. It is a demulcent and
diuretic.
BORAX. Biborate of soda; a salt
formed by a combination of boracic acid
with soda. It is brought from the East
Indies, where it is said to be found at the
bottom or on the margin of certain lakes,
particularly in Thibet. In composition
borax is a biborate, though sometimes
called a subborate on account of its alka-
line reaction. It is said to be artificially
prepared in Persia, like nitre. It has the
property of rendering cream of tartar
soluble in water.
BORAX, ARTIFICIAL.
Borax made by
the direct combination of boracic acid
with soda.
BORAX GLASS. The name given to
borax when exposed above a red heat,
being then converted upon cooling into a
transparent solid.
BORAX OCTAHEDRAL. Borax crystal-
lized into octahedrons, and containing
only five equivalents of water.
BORAX, PRISMATIC. Borax crystallized
into prisms, and containing ten equiva-
lents of water.
BORDEAUX TURPENTINE. Com-
mon European turpentine obtained in the
south of France.
BORIC ACID. An acid of boron and
oxygen. It forms a definite compound/
with sulphuric acid of the formula
5B0032SO3+2HO. It is in the form of a
glassy mass decomposed only by a red
heat.
BORNEO CAMPHOR. (Sumatra
Camphor, Camphol, Dryobalanops Cam-
phor.) A variety of camphor found in
BORAGINACEÆ. That family of Borneo and Sumatra; the product of
plants which includes the genera Cyno- Dryobalanops camphora or D. aromatica.
glossum and Heliotropium.
BORAGO OFFICINALIS. See Bo-
rage.
BORATE. A salt formed by the com-
bination of boracic acid with a base.
BORATE OF AMMONIA. (Biborate of
Ammonia.) A salt formed by dissolving
boracic acid in excess in heated water of
BORNITE. The tellurite of bismuth.
BORON. The radical or elementary
base of boracic acid.
A native
BORONATROCALCITE.
borate of calcium and sodium, met with
in South America, and sometimes used as
a source of boron compounds.
BOR
BRA
87
BOROTARTRATE OF MAGNESIA.
(Magnesiæ et Potassæ Borotartras.) One
hundred parts of borotartrate of potassa,
twenty-four parts carbonate of mag-
nesia, and six hundred parts of water
are to be gradually mixed and evap-
orated. Dissolved with citric acid, it has
been recommended as a purgative.
BOROTARTRATE OF POtassa.
A per-
manent salt having the composition
KO,BOT, formed by boiling boracic
acid with bitartrate of potassa.
peduncle, so near the flower as to be
easily mistaken for a perianth.
BRAGGET. A liquor made by fer-
menting the wort of ale and mead.
BRAKE, COMMON. The Pteris:
aquilina, for which the vulgar name of
Female Fern is also given.
BRAN. The husk of the wheat.
BRANDY. (Spiritus Vini Gallici,
Spirit of French Wine, Ean de Vie.) The
spirit obtained from fermented grapes by
distillation, and containing from 48 to 56
BORURET, A combination of boron per cent. of absolute alcohol. It has a
with a simple body.
BOSVEL. A species of crowfoot.
BOSWELLIA SERRATA. A tree
growing in India; the plant from which
the Indian olibanum or frankincense is
obtained.
BOTANY. The science which treats
of the structure of plants: the functions
of their parts, their places of growth,
their classification, and the terms employed
in their description and denomination.
BOTANY BAY KINO. A species of kino
obtained from the Eucalyptus resinifera
or brown gum tree of New Holland.
BOTTLE-FLOWER. The blue-bottle,
a species of Centaurea.
BOUDIN'S SOLUTION. An aqueous
solution of arsenious acid with the addi-
tion of wine, an ounce of which contains
one-fourth grain of the acid.
BOUGIE. A long, slender instru-
ment that is introduced through the
urethra into the bladder to remove ob-
structions.
BOUNCING BET. A vulgar name
for Saponaria officinalis or soapwort.
BOUNDOU. See Akazga.
BOX PLAN virens.
BOX TREE.
peculiar flavor, and a light sherry color,
derived from the cask in which it has
been kept.
BRANDY MIXTURE. (Mistura Spiritus
Vini Gallici, Mixture of Spirit of French
Wine.) A mixture composed of brandy,
cinnamon water, of each four fluid
ounces, the yolks of two eggs, and a half
ounce of refined sugar. Rub yolks and
sugar, then add brandy and water.
or
BRANKURSINE. Bearsbreech
acanthus, a genus of plants of several
species.
BRASILETTO. (Brazil-Wood.) The
wood produced by Casalpina Brasiliensis
and C. Crista, which grow in Jamaica.
It is used for dyeing red.
BRASILIN. (Breselin.) A crystal-
lizable coloring principle obtained from
Brazil-wood, having the composition
C6H14014; according to Geigy, C4H20014"
36
BRASS. An alloy of copper and zinc.
BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS. (Field
Cabbage.) A cruciferous European plant,
cultivated for the oil, which is expressed
from its seed, called Colza oil.
BRASSICA OLERACEA. The cauliflower.
} See Buxus Semper- It contains a crystallizable, tasteless, and
odorless principle, called Caroiolin.
BRACHIATE. In Botany, having
branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly
horizontal, and each pair at right angles
with the next.
BRASSYLIC ACID. See Dioxybehen-
olic Acid.
BRAYERA. See Bancksia Abyssinia.
BRAYERA ANTHELMINTICA.
Bancksia Abyssinia.
See
BRAZIL NUTS. See Bertholletia
Excelsa.
BRACT, } In Botany, an abnor-
BRACTEA. Šmally developed leaf,
growing upon the peduncle of a flower.
It differs from other leaves in shape or
color, and is generally situated on the Fernambuco Wood.) See Brasiletto.
BRAZIL - WOOD.
(Pernambuco or
BRA
BRO
88
BRAZILIAN SARSAPARILLA. | peri, three ounces petrolei Barbadensis,
(Lisbon Sarsaparilla, Sarsa of the Rio and one ounce Seneca oil or American
Negro.) A species of sarsaparilla grow- petroleum.
ing in Brazil, distinguished by the amy-
laceous character of its interior structure.
BRAZILIC ACID. (Brazilin.) An
acid contained in Brazil-wood, composed
of C6H14014
36
BRITTLE GUM. (Salabreda, Sadra-
beida.) An inferior quality of gum
arabic, obtained from the Acacia albida.
BROAD-LEAVED LAUREL. (Kal-
mia Latifolia, Mountain Laurel, Calico
BREADFRUIT TREE. See Arto-Bush, Laurel.) A well-known evergreen
carpus Incisa.
BRESELIN. See Brasilin.
BRIANCON MANNA. A peculiar
sweetish substance produced by the Eu-
ropean larch, the tree which also yields
Venice turpentine. It differs from ordi-
nary manna in containing no mannite.
BRIGHTON WATER. A wine-pint
of this water contains 2.5 cubic inches of
carbonic acid, 1.80 grains of sulphate of
iron, 4.09 grains of sulphate of lime, 1.53
grains of chloride of sodium, 0.75 grains
of chloride of magnesium, 0.14 grains of
silica.
BRIMSTONE. Sulphur ; a hard,
brittle, inflammable substance, of a yel-
low-lemon color, which has no smell
unless heated, and which becomes nega-
tively electric by heat and friction. It is
found in great quantities, and sometimes.
pure, in the neighborhood of volcanoes.
It is an ingredient in a variety of min-
erals and ores. The sulphur of commerce
is procured from its natural beds, or arti-
ficially extracted from pyrites.
of this country, the leaves of which pos-
sess poisonous narcotic properties.
BROCHANTITE. A basic sulphate of
copper, occurring in emerald green crys-
tals.
BROMAL. An oily, colorless fluid,
obtained by the action of bromine on
alcohol.
3
BROMAL HYDRATE. A salt having the
formula CHBrO2 + 4HO, which re-
sembles chloral hydrate in its action upon
the animal organism. It is, however,
more that of an anesthetic than a hyp-
notic.
BROMATE. A compound of bromic
acid with a base.
BROMELIACEÆ. A class of plants
including the genus Agave.
BROMIC ACID. An acid composed
of bromine and oxygen.
BROMIDE. A compound of bromine
with a metallic or combustible base.
BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM. See Am-
monia Hydrobromate.
BROMIDE OF CARBON. An impurity
which frequently exists in commercial
bromine.
BRINE. Water saturated with salt.
BRITANNIA. A metallic compound
or alloy, consisting chiefly of block tin,
with some antimony and a small propor-
tion of copper and brass.
BRITISH BARILLA. See Black assuming a greenish color, it is filtered
Ash.
BRITISH GUM. A substance of a
brownish color, very soluble in water,
formed by heating dry starch at a high
temperature. Its properties are similar
to dextrine.
BRITISH OIL. A rubefacient liniment,
prepared by mixing together seven ounces
olei terebinth, eight ounces olei lini, four
ounces olei succini, four ounces olei juni-
BROMIDE OF IRON. (Ferri Bromidum.)
A bromide obtained by heating gently in
thirty parts of water two parts of bromine
and one of iron filings. Upon the liquid
and evaporated to dryness in an iron ves-
sel. Being again dissolved and evaporated
to dryness, it furnishes the bromide. It
is useful in scrofulous affections.
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. (Potassii
Bromidum.) A salt formed by adding to
a solution of bromide of iron a solution
of carbonate of potassa; carbonate of iron
is formed while the bromide of potassium
remains in solution, which is strained and
BRO
BRY
89
evaporated that crystals may form. It is ropean plant of the genus Orobanche, used
an alterative, resolvent, and sedative.
BROMINE. (Brominium, Bromum.)
An elementary, acidifying, and basifying
substance found in sea-water and marine
productions. It is a deep-red fluid, of an
offensive, suffocating smell.
chiefly in cancerous affections.
BROOM TOPS. See Broom.
BROUSSONETIA
TINCTORIA.
(Morus Tinctoria.) A South American
plant which furnishes the yellow dye-
wood fustic.
BROWN MIXTURE. (Misturæ Gly-
cyrrhizæ Composita, Compound Mixture of
Licorice.) Rub together a half ounce
BROMINII CHLORIDUM. (Chlo-
ride of Bromine.) A chloride prepared by
passing chlorine gas through bromine and
condensing the vapors which form by a
freezing mixture. It is used in the treat-gar, and gum arabic, with twelve ounces
ment of cancers and malignant ulcers.
BROMINIUM,
BROMUM.
} See Bromine.
BROMOFORM. A compound closely
resembling chloroform in its effects.
BROMO-PHOSPHOROUS ACID. An
acid obtained by heating one molecule of
phosphorous acid and two molecules of
bromine in a sealed tube, at the tempera-
ture of a water-bath, until pressure is no
longer observable.
4
BROMOPICRIN. A compound, C.
Br₂NO, formed by slacking four parts of
quicklime with fifty parts of water, trans-
ferring the mixture into a glass alembic,
adding gradually six parts of bromine,
then one part of picric acid, and distilling
rapidly.
BRONZE. A compound of copper and
tin, to which other metallic substances
are sometimes added, especially zinc. A
color prepared for the purpose of imitat-
ing bronze is of two kinds, yellow and
red. The yellow is made of fine copper
dust, the red, of copper dust with a little
red ochre.
BROOKLIME. See Beccabunga.
BROOM. (Broom Tops, Gemeine Be-
senginster.) The tops of Cytisus scoparius
or Spartium scoparium, a common Euro-
pean shrub cultivated in our gardens,
from three to eight feet high, considered
diuretic and cathartic; used chiefly in
dropsy.
each of powdered extract of licorice, su-
of water gradually added, then add an
ounce of wine of antimony and a half
ounce of spirits of nitrous ether, and mix.
BROWN STOUT. A superior kind of por-
ter.
BROWN SUGAR. (Unpurified Sugar.)
Sugar consisting of cane sugar associated
with variable quantities of hygroscopie
moisture, uncrystallizable sugar, gum, al-
bumen, extractive, saline water, and in-
soluble organic and inorganic substances.
Among the inorganic substances is a small
proportion of lime.
BROWN Wort. A species of Scrophu-
laria; the S. vernalis or yellow figwort.
BRUCEA ANTIDYSENTERICA.
The plant from which it was at first sup-
posed that the false Angustura bark was
obtained, which is now ascribed to the
Strychnos nux vomica.
BRUCIA. A vegetable alkaloid ex-
tracted from the bark of the Strychnos
nux vomica. It is analogous to strychnia,
but possesses only about one-twelfth of its
strength; composition, C46H26NOg.
BRUCITE. Native hydrate of mag-
nesia.
BRUNSWICK GREEN. A compound
of one part chloride of copper and three
parts oxide of copper, the latter perform-
ing the office of an acid; a tercuprate of
chloride of copper. It was used for paper-
hangings and in oil paintings.
BRYONIA ALBA. (White Bryony,
BROOM, SPANISH. (Spartium Junceum.) | Bryony.) A climbing, herbaceous plant,
A small South European shrub, the seeds the root of which is an active hydragogue
of which possess properties similar to those cathartic.
of Cytisus scoparius.
BRYONIA DIOICA.
A species closely
BROOM RAPE. A parasitic, fleshy, Eu- resembling white bryony.
BRY
BUR
90
BRYONIN. A peculiar bitter princi- | through the cork of the retort a strong
glass tube reaching near to the bottom of
the retort, and bending the outer end of
the tube rectangularly, drawing its end to
a fine point. If the liquid to be distilled
corrodes the cork, a tube must be selected
so wide as nearly to fill the aperture, and
must be closed by a suitable lute; or the
same may be accomplished by the appli-
cation of an electric current led into the
fluids to be distilled by means of suitable
conducting wires.
ple contained in the root of the white bry-
ony; C96 H80038.
BRYONY. See Bryonia Alba.
BRYORETIN. A peculiar substance,
soluble in ether, obtained by the action of
acids on the root of Bryonia alba; CH35
014
42
The plant
BUBON GALBANUM.
from which it was once supposed the con-
crete juice or gum-resin galbanum was
obtained, the true source of which is not
yet determined.
BURDOCK. (Lappa, Gemeine Klette.)
BUCHARIAN RHUBARB. (Russian The root of Lappa minor, Arctium lappa
Rhubarb, Turkey Rhubarb, Rheum Russi- or Lappa major, a native European plant
cum or Rheum Turcicum.) A superior growing in this country, considered aperi-
quality of rhubarb which has wholly dis-ent, diaphoretic, and diuretic.
appeared from the American market.
BUCHU. See Barosma Crenata.
BUCKBEAN. See Menyanthes Trifo-
liata.
BUCKTHORN. (Rhamnus Catharti-
cus, Purging Buckthorn.) A shrub, native
of Europe and growing wild in this coun-
try, the berries of which, and their ex-
pressed juice, are hydragogue cathartic.
BUCKWHEAT. A species of Poly-
gonum (P. fagopyrum), from the leaves
of which is obtained a crystallizable col-
oring principle identical with the rutin
or rutic acid of the common rue.
BUENA. A new genus of Peruvian
bark trees, characterized by the different
shape of the corolla, the separation of the
calyx from the fruit at maturity, and the
opening of the capsule from above down-
ward.
BUGLE, COMMON. See Ajuga Cha-
mæpitys.
BUGLE WEED. (Lycopus.) The herb
of Lycopus Virginicus, an indigenous plant
of this country, possessing mild narcotic
and astringent properties.
BUGLOSS.
See Anchusa Italica.
BULATA. A product of a tree grown
in South America, called Sapota Mulleri,
analogous in its properties to gutta-
percha.
BUMPING OF FLUIDS. A term
applied to the agitation of fluids while
boiling. It may be prevented by placing
BURETTE. An instrument invented
by Gay-Lussac for the purpose of dividing
a fluid into hundredths or thousandths,
consisting of a larger graduated glass tube,
and a smaller parallel tube, connected with
the former at the base, and recurved at the
top.
BURGUNDY. The name of a port
wine produced in Burgundy, France.
BURGUNDY PITCH. See Abies Excelsa.
BURGUNDY PITCH PLASTER. (Emplas-
trum Picis Burgundice.) Burgundy pitch,
seventy-two ounces; yellow wax, six
ounces troy weight; melt, strain, stir till
cool.
BURMESE NAPHTHA. (Rangoon
Petroleum, Rangoon Tar.) A peculiar
greenish-brown petroleum, of the consis-
tence of goose-fat.
BURNETT'S DISINFECTING
FLUID. An aqueous solution of chloride
of zinc, containing two hundred grains in
each imperial ounce.
BURNING BUSH. A name applied
to the Wahoo plants.
BURNT ALUM. See Alumen Exsic-
catum.
BURNT HARTSHORN. (Cornu Ustum.)
The product resulting from the exposure
of hartshorn to a heat sufficient to consume
its animal matter. It consists chiefly of
bone phosphate of lime.
BURNT SIENNA. A reddish-brown
BUR
BUX
91
substance, obtained by calcining Sienna
or Terra di Sienna. It is used in painting.
BURNT SPONGE. (Spongia Usta.) Sponge
cut into pieces, deprived of any extraneous
matter by beating it, then burnt in a close
iron vessel until it becomes black and
friable; after which it is rubbed into a
very fine powder. Useful in many dis-
eases in which iodine is used.
BURNT UMBER. A dark-brown sub-
stance, obtained by calcining the mineral
umber or Terra umbria.
nuts of the Theobroma Cacao, used as an
ingredient in cosmetic ointments, for coat-
ing pills, and for preparing suppositories.
BUTTER OF ZINC. See Chloride of Zinc.
BUTTERCUP. A common name ap-
plied to several species of ranunculus or
crowfoot, from the color and shape of their
flowers.
BUTTERFLY-WEED. See Asclepias.
BUTTERNUT. (White Walnut, Oil
Nut.) The fruit of the Juglans cinerea or
J. cathartica, the inner bark of the root
BURSERACEÆ. A family of plants of which is a mild cathartic, operating
including the genus Amyris.
BURSERA GUMMIFERA. A West
India plant which produces a resin resem-
bling tacamahac, called resin de Gomart,
resin de chibou, or cachibou. This plant is
supposed also to furnish the gum caranna
or caranna of the Amyris caranna, a South
American tree.
BUSH HONEYSUCKLE. (Diervilla
Trifida, Diervilla Canadensis.) A low
shrub, growing in rocky places in this
country, possessing.diuretic and astringent
properties.
BUTALAMIN. See Amido-valerianic
Acid.
BUTEA FRONDOSA. (Dhak Tree.)
A Hindostan tree which furnishes a species
of kino called Butea Gum.
BUTEA GUM. See Butea Frondosa.
like rhubarb.
BUTTON-BUSH. (Cephalanthus Oc-
cidentalis.) A common shrub, the bark
of which is said to be laxative and tonic.
BUTTON-SNAKEROOT. (Water Eryngo,
Eryngum Aquaticum.) A plant, the root
of which has a bitter, pungent, aromatic
taste, and is considered diaphoretic, expec-
torant, and emetic.
BUTYL HYDRIDE. A constituent
of American petroleum, composed of ten
equivalents of hydrogen and eight of
carbon.
BUTYRATE OF ETHYLIC ETHER.
(Butyric Ether.) An ether prepared by
mixing one hundred parts of butyric acid
with one hundred of alcohol and fifty of
concentrated sulphuric acid, and agitating
the mixture for a short time. It is used in
the preparation of artificial fruit essences
and to flavor spirits.
BUTTER. An old name given to some
of the chlorides, from their soft, butyra-
ceous consistence when recently prepared.
BUTYRIC ACID. A hydrated acid
BUTTER. An oily substance obtained
from cream or milk by agitation. The formed during the butyric fermentation
fat or oily part of the milk is separated which is preceded by the fermentation of
fat or oily part of the milk is separated
from the serous and curdy part or butter-
milk. Also a name given to certain con-
crete fat oils which remain solid or of a
butyraceous consistence at the ordinary
temperature, as those of the cocoanut and
cacao.
BUTTER OF ANTIMONY. (Terchloride
of Antimony.) A chloride consisting of
three equivalents of chlorine to one of
antimony.
milk. It is colorless, having a disagree-
milk. It is colorless, having a disagree-
able odor, a rancid taste, and soluble in
all proportions in water and alcohol.
BUTYRIC ETHER. See Butyrate of
Ethylic Ether.
BUTYRIN. The peculiar constituent
of butter.
•
BUTYRUM. · (Butter.) The fat of
cow's milk.
BUXINA. The same as Berberina.
BUTTER OF CACAO. (Oleum Theobromæ, BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS. (Box
Cacao Butter, Oil of Theobroma.) The Plant.) An evergreen shrub, native of
fixed oil of the kernels of the chocolate Europe, though much cultivated in this
BYT
CÆS
92
country. Its wood is considered diapho- It is a thick, black liquid, smells like tar;
retic and its leaves purgative.
used in skin diseases of horses.
BYTTERA FEBRIFUGA. (Bitter
Ash.) A tree growing in the West Indies,
the wood of which has tonic properties
closely analogous to those of quassia.
C.
CABALLINE ALOES. See Aloe.
CABBAGE ROSE PETALS. (Hun-
dred-leaved Rose, Pale Rose, Rosa Centi-
folia) The petals of Rosa centifolia, used
chiefly for their fragrant, volatile oil,
which is separated by distillation.
CABBAGE TREE BARK. See Andira
Inermis
CACAO. The chocolate tree, a species
of Theobroma, native of the West Indies,
growing about twenty feet high, bearing
pods which are oval and pointed. The
nuts or seeds are numerous, and lodged
in a white, pithy substance.
CACAO BUTTER. See Butter of Cacao.
CACHANA. A name given to a root
largely employed by the Mexicans, pos-
sessing a sweet, balsamic, and subsequently
bitter taste and a peculiar tar-like odor.
It is said to belong to the Umbelliferæ.
CACHIBOU. See Bursera Gummif-
era.
CACOXENE. A mineral occurring
in yellowish, radiating tufts, and consist-
ing of phosphoric acid with alumina, flu-
oric acid, and water.
CACTACEÆ. That family or natural
order of plants to which the Cactus genus
belongs.
CACTUS. A genus of plants remark-
able for their large and beautiful flowers.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORA. (Night-bloom-
ing Cereus.) A well-known, fragrant plant
lately introduced into medicine. It has
been used successfully in functional palpi-
tation of the heart.
CADE OIL. (Oleum Cadmium, Huile
de Cade.) A kind of tar obtained by dis-
tillation from the interior reddish wood
of Juniperus communis, J. oxycedrus,
growing in France, where it is prepared.
CADMIA. An oxide of zinc which
collects on the sides of furnaces where
zinc is sublimed, as in brass foundries.
It is readily volatilized on charcoal by
the blowpipe, and it burns with the usual
beautiful combustion of zinc. Pulverized,
mixed with charcoal powder, wrapped in
sheet copper, and treated with the com-
pound blowpipe, it readily forms brass.
CADMII IODIDUM. (Iodide of Cad-
mium.) A salt prepared by mixing iodine
and filings of cadmium in a moist state.
It is used externally in skin diseases.
CADMII SULPHAS. (Sulphate of Cad-
mium) A salt prepared by decomposing
the nitrate of cadmium by carbonate of
soda, forming a carbonate; this treated
with dilute sulphuric acid, which expels
the carbonic acid and forms the sulphate.
It resembles sulphate of zinc as an astrin-
gent and emetic.
CADMIUM. A metal discovered by
Stromeyer, in 1817, in carbonate of zinc.
Its color is a fine white, with a shade of
bluish-gray, resembling that of tin; its
texture is compact, and it is susceptible of
polish. It is ductile and malleable, and
when fused crystallizes in octahedrons.
It melts below a red heat, and suffers but
slight change in air.
CÆNOTUS. A title applied by some
botanists to Erigeron Canadense or Can-
ada fleabane.
CÆSALPINA BRASILIENSIS. See
Brasiletto.
CESALPINA CRISTA. See Brasiletto.
CESALPINA ECHINATA. The tree which
is said to produce the proper Brazil-wood,
which is also called Pernambuco or Fer-
nambuco-wood.
CÆSALPINA SAPPAN. The tree which
produces the sappan or sampfen-wood, said
to be analogous to Brasiletto, and referred
to the same head.
CESIUM. An alkaline metal, dis-
covered in 1860 by Kirchoff and Bunsen
by means of spectrum analysis; symbol,
Cs; atomic weight, 133. In its chemical
qualities the compounds of Cæsium are
CAF
CAL
93
closely allied to those of potassium. One
of the most important characteristics of
Cæsium is its spectrum reaction, which
exhibits two blue lines close together,
from the color of which the name is de-
rived.
CAFFEA. (Coffee.) The seed of Caf-
fea Arabica or coffee plant, which is a
small tree, native of South Arabia and
well known.
CAJEPUTENE. A name proposed
for the carbohydrogen forming the com-
position of cajeput oil, of which it is a
bihydrate.
(Plano-Convex
CAKE CATECHU.
Catechu.) An officinal catechu in the
form of circular cakes of various sizes,
and the product of the Acacia catechu.
CAKE COCHINEAL. A name given to
an inferior variety of cochineal in flat
CAFFEIC ACID. A peculiar acid cakes, consisting of the cochineal insect
obtained from coffee.
}
CAFFEIDINA. A peculiar principle
formed by the decomposition of caffeina.
CAFFEIN, An alkaloid existing in
CAFFEIA. coffee, partly free and
partly as a double salt consisting of chlo-
rogenic acid combined with potash and
caffein.
CAFFEIN ARSENIATE. A salt recom-
mended as an antiperiodic, but it is sup-
posed that the arsenic is the main thera-
peutic agent.
CAFFEIN CITRATE. A salt formed by
dissolving caffein in a solution of citric
acid with a gentle heat, and evaporating
carefully. It is recommended as a remedy
for sick headache.
CAFFEO-TANNIC ACID. A pecu-
liar principle resembling tannin contained
in coffee.
CAHINCA,}
A name adopted from
CAINCA. the language of the Bra-
zilian Indians for the root of Chiococca
racemosa, C. anguifuga, and C. densifolia,
called by the Portuguese of Brazil Raiz
pretta or Black-root. Tonic, diuretic, pur-
gative, and emetic.
CAHINCIC ACID. (Caincic Acid.)
A crystallizable bitter substance believed
to be the active principle of cahinca;
composed, 2HO,C3₂H24O12+зAq.
CAINCA. See Cuhinca.
CAINCIC ACID. See Cahincic Acid.
CAJEPUT OIL.
(Oil of Cajeput.)
The volatile oil obtained by distillation
from the leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi or
Melaleuca minor, a small tree, native of
the Moluccas. It is highly stimulant, and
is used chiefly as a panacea and in skin
discases.
mixed with small portions of the thorns
and epidermis of the cactus.
CAKE SAFFRON. The stigmas or sum-
mits of the pistils, together with a portion
of the style; separated from the remainder
of the flowers of the Crocus sativus, dried,
and pressed into the form of a cake. That
which has been dried loosely is called Hay
Saffron.
A
CALADIUM ESCULENTUM.
plant called Taro by the natives, cultivated
extensively in Polynesia for its tubers,
which are used as food when roasted.
After partly fermenting them a kind of
bread is prepared from them, which con-
stitutes a very popular dietetic under the
name of Poi.
CALAMINA. (Calamine, Lapis Cala-
minaris.)
A term applied indiscrimi-
nately to the carbonate and silicate of
zinc. Pharmaceutically it refers only to
the carbonate, which is found native,
though more or less impure in this coun-
try and in Germany.
CALAMINA PREPARATA. (Prepared
Calamine.) Calamine reduced to an im-
palpable powder by heating it to redness,
and pulverizing in the manner directed
for prepared chalk.
CALAMINE. See CALAMINA.
CALAMINE CERATE. (Turner's Ce-
rate, Ceratum Calaminæ.) Melt together
one pound of lard and three ounces of
yellow wax, and on cooling add three
ounces of prepared calamine, and stir till
cool.
CALAMINE, PREPARED. See Calamina
Præparata.
CALAMUS. (Acorus Odorant, Sweet
Flag.) The rhizoma of Acorus calamus,
CAL
CAL
94
an indigenous plant growing in this
country, differing slightly from the Euro-
pean variety. It is a stimulant tonic.
CALAMUS AROMATICUS. A name ap-
plied by Dioscorides to a product of a
species of Andropogon.
CALAMUS DRACO. A species of Cala-
mus growing in the East Indies, the fruit
of which produces the resinous substance
known as Dragon's blood, or Sanguis dra-
conis, which is obtained also from the
Calamus Rotang.
CALAMUS ROTANG. A species of cala-
mus growing in the East Indies, the fruit
of which produces the dragon's blood of
commerce.
CALCAREO-ARGILLACEOUS.
Consisting of or containing calcareous and
argillaceous earth.
dryness, and heating to redness. It is
used medicinally in solution only.
CALCII SULPHURETUM. (Sulphuret of
Lime, Hydrosulphate of Lime) A com-
pound formed by passing sulphuretted
hydrogen so long as it is absorbed through
water holding lime in suspension. It is
used as a depilatory.
CALCINATION. A term applied to
the changes produced in mineral sub-
stances by intense heat, not attended with
fusion, and leaving a solid residue; the
term is often used synonymously with oxi-
dation.
CALCINED MAGNESIA. Carbo-
nate of magnesia exposed to an intense
heat in an earthen vessel for two hours, or
until the carbonic acid is expelled. It is
an antacid and laxative.
CALCINED MERCURY. A name applied
Calcareo-BITUMINOUS. Consisting of by the older chemists to red precipitate or
or containing lime and bitumen.
CALCAREO-SILICIOUS. Consisting of or
containing calcareous and silicious earth.
CALCAREO-SULPHUROUS. Consisting of
or containing lime and sulphur.
CALCAREOUS. Partaking of the
nature of lime; containing lime; having
the qualities of lime.
CALCEOLARIA ARACHNOIDEA.
A plant growing upon the high sections
of the Cordilleras from Coquimbo to Con-
cepcion. Its root, familiarly known as
Relbun, is an article of commerce, fur-
nishing a handsome red dye, which is
contained in the cortical portion.
CALCEOLARIA THYRSIFLORA. A plant
abounding in various sections of Chili.
It contains sugar and yellow coloring
matter, and is used principally for dyeing.
Other species are used medicinally; C.
trifida as a febrifuge; C. corymbosa as a
diuretic, and C. pinnata as a purgative.
They belong to the family of Scrophula-
riaceæ.
CALCII CHLORIDUM. (Chloride of
Calcium, Muriate of Lime, Hydrochlorate
of Lime, Fused Chloride of Calcium.) A
chloride formed by saturating muriatic
acid with chalk or marble, evaporating to
Hydrargyri oxidum rubrum; called also
Hydrargyrum precipitatum or Precipitate.
CALCIS CARBONAS PRÆCIPI-
TATA. (Precipitated Carbonate of Lime.)
A salt formed by a precipitation resulting
from a mixture of solution of chloride of
calcium and a solution of carbonate of
soda in water at their boiling-point.
CALCIS CHILORATE LIQUOR. (Solution
of Chlorinated Lime.) This is prepared
by mixing one pound of chlorinated lime
with one gallon of distilled water by trit-
uration in a large mortar, then passing it
through a calico filter. Used externally
in skin diseases.
CALCIS CHLORIDUM. (Calx Chlorata,
Calc Chlorinata, Chlorinated Lime, Chlo-
ride of Lime, Hypochlorite of Lime, Oxy-
muriate of Lime, Bleaching Powder, Cal-
cis Hypochloris, Chlorkalk.) A compound
resulting from the action of chlorine on
hydrate of lime as long as the former is
absorbed. It is a powerful bleaching
agent, also a desiccant and disinfectant.
CALCIS HYDRAS. (Hydrate of Lime,
Slacked Lime.) Hydrate of lime is used
exclusively as a pharmaceutical agent.
CALCIS HYPOCHLORIs. See Calcis
Chloridum.
CALCIS HYPOSULPHIS. (Hyposulphite
CAL
CAL
95
of Lime.) A salt which may be prepared | ular body, crystalline, slightly soluble in
by boiling the sulphite with sulphur. water, but more soluble in water charged
Useful in diseases depending on infection
of the blood.
CALCIS LACTO-PHOSPHATIS SYRUPUS.
R. Concent. lactic acid, fj; magma of
freshly precip. phos. of lime, q.s.; aquæ
fl. aurant., fiss.; aquæ puræ, q.s. ad
fzviij; sacchari albi, 3xj. M. S. A. No
heat ought to be employed, else the syrup
assumes a milky appearance.
CALCIS PHOSPHAS PRÆCIPITATA. (Cal-
cis Phosphas, Precipitated Phosphate of
Lime, Phosphate of Lime.) A salt pre-
pared by dissolving the phosphate of lime
in bones, with muriatic acid properly
diluted, and precipitating it with ammo-
nia. It is used in scrofulous affections.
CALCIS SULPHAS. (Sulphate of Lime,
Gypsum, Plaster of Paris.) This salt has
been recently introduced into the practice
of surgery as a dressing for fractured
limbs, &c. It is largely used for various
purposes in the arts and manufactures.
CALCIUM. A peculiar metal of lime,
or of all calcareous substances, of a pale
yellow color, malleable and ductile, melts
at a red heat and afterwards burns with
splendor, forming lime. It is an abun-
dant element in nature.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE. See Calcii Chlori-
dum.
CALCIUM FLUORIDE. This compound,
in solution, may be used for engraving on
glass instead of hydrofluusilicic acid,
avoiding thereby the danger attending
the use of the latter.
CALCIUM IODIDE. (Iodide of Lime.)
A preparation formed by treating a solu-
tion of iodide of iron with milk of lime,
then filtering and evaporating. It is said
to be useful in phthisis.
with carbonic acid.
CALCIUM PHOSPHIDE. A compound
formed by heating lime in a Hessian cru-
cible, and adding from time to time small
portions of phosphorus, stirring well and
covering after each addition, until, on
taking off the cover, a blue flame appears
on the surface, and remains for fifteen
minutes, when occasionally stirred. It
must be kept in an accurately stopped
bottle.
CALCIUM SULPHIDE. A compound
prepared by the decomposition of gypsum
by fusion with charcoal.
CALCSINTER. Stalactitic carbonate
of lime.
CALCSPAR. Crystallized carbonate
of lime.
CALEDONITE. A mineral of a green
color, consisting of the sulphate and car-
bonate of lead and carbonate of copper.
CALENDAR. See Almanac.
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS.
(Marigold.) A well-known garden plant,
formerly used in medicine. It contains
a peculiar principle called Calendulin, con-
sidered analogous to Bassorin, though
soluble in alcohol.
CALENDULIN. See Calendula Offi-
cinalis.
CALICO BUSH. See Broad-Leaved
Laurel.
CALIFORNIA NUTMEG. A nut-
meg derived from Torreya Californica,
resembling, though distinct in its proper-
ties from, the true nutmeg.
CALIN. A compound metal of which
the Chinese make tea-canisters and the
like. It is probably composed of lead
and tin.
CALISAYA BARK. See Bark.
CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA.
CALCIUM OXIDE. (Pure Lime.) It is
prepared by mixing one hundred parts
powdered marble with two parts of sugar, A term applied to Cephaëlis Ipecacuanha,
calcining and treating the caustic lime the plant from which the ipecac root of
with water until free of sulphuret of cal-commerce is obtained. See Ipecacuanha.
cium. It is then dissolved in nitric acid,
precipitated by carbonate of ammonia,
washed and calcined.
CALLITRICHE VERNA. (Water
Starwort.) A small herbaceous water
plant, supposed to have diuretic proper-
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE. A white gran- ties.
CAL
CAM
96
of C₁₂O+HO.
14 6 8
CALOMEL.
CALLUTANNIC ACID. An acid CALORIFERE. An apparatus for
obtained from Calluna vulgaris, composed conveying and distributing heat.
CALORIMETER. An apparatus for
(Calomelas, Hydrargyri | measuring relative quantities of heat or
Chloridum Mite, Mild Chloride of Mercury, the specific caloric of bodies.
Hydrargyri Subchloridum, Subchloride of
Mercury.) A well-known compound con-
sisting of two equivalents of mercury and
one of chlorine. It possesses the general
properties of the mercurials, being a pur-
gative and anthelmintic.
CALOMEL IODIDES. (Iodo-chlorides of
Mercury, Sel de Boutigny.) Compounds
called subiodide and protiodide of calomel.
To prepare the subiodide, one equivalent
of iodine and two of calomel are taken,
the calomel is introduced into a matrass,
and gradually heated with agitation till
it begins to sublime, then the iodine is
added in small quantities at a time.
protiodide is prepared in the same manner,
but with one equivalent only of calomel.
These compounds are employed in syphil-
itic, scrofulous, and cancerous affections.
The
CALOMEL PILL, COMPOUND. (Pilulæ
Antimonii Compositæ, Pilula Hydrargyri
Subchloridi Composita, Pilulæ Calomelanos
Composite, Compound Pills of Antimony,
Compound Pills of Subchloride of Mercury,
Plummer's Pills.) Sulphurated antimony,
mild chloride of mercury, of each two
drachms; powdered guaiac, molasses, of
each one half ounce; make two hundred
and forty pills.
CALOMEL, PRECIPITATED. Calomel ob-
tained by what is called the humid way,
which consists in precipitating a solution
of corrosive sublimate by a stream of sul-
phurous acid. It is of doubtful utility.
CALOMELAS. See Calomel.
CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM.
A tree which produces a variety of the
resinous substance known as Tacamahac.
CALOPHYLLUM TACAMAHACA. A tree
growing in the islands of Bourbon and
Madagascar which produces a variety of
the resinous substance known as Tacama-
hac.
CALORIC. The agent to which the
phenomena of heat and combustion are
ascribed.
CALOTROPIS MADARII INDICO-
ORIENTALIS. A species of Calotropis
generally considered to be identical with
the Calotropis gigantea.
CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA. See Asclepias
Gigantea.
CALQUOIN'S CAUSTIC PASTE.
A paste prepared by combining ten parts
of chloride of zinc, twenty parts of flour,
and four parts glycerin.
CALUMBA. (Columbo.) The root of
Cocculus palmatus or Jateorrhiza palmata,
a climbing plant, native of Mozambique,
possessing mild tonic properties.
CALX. (Lime, Quicklime.) Lime re-
cently prepared by calcination. It acts
externally as an escharotic.
}
See Calcis
Chloridum.
CALX CHLORATA,
CALX CHLORINATA.
CALX NATIVA. Native calx; a marly
earth, of a dead, whitish color, which, in
water, bubbles or hisses, and without cal-
cination will make a cement like lime or
gypsum.
CALX VIVA. Quicklime or unslacked
lime.
CALYX. The outer covering of a
flower, being the termination of the cor-
tical epidermis or outer bark of the plant,
which, in most plants, incloses and sup-
ports the bottom of the corolla. In Lin-
næus's system it comprehends the peri-
anth, the involucrum, the ament, the
spath, the glume, the calyptra, and the
volva.
CAMBIUM. In Botany, a viscid se-
cretion, which, in the spring, separates
the alburnum of an exogenous plant from
the liber or inner bark.
CAMBOGIA. (Gambogia, Gamboge,
Gummigutta.) The concrete juice of an
undetermined tree growing in Siam. It
was formerly ascribed to Stalagmitis cam-
bogioides, but it has been ascertained that
there is no such plant. It will ultimately,
it is thought, be regarded as a distinct
CAM
CAM
97
species with the title Garcinia pedicellata. | Camphora.) A liniment prepared by dis-
Gamboge is a powerful drastic, hydra- solving three troy ounces of camphor in
gogue cathartic.
twelve ounces of olive oil.
CAMBOGIA GUTTA. (Garcinia Morella,
Hebradendron Cambogioides.) A plant
growing in Ceylon producing an inferior
variety of gamboge, called Ceylon gam-
boge.
CAMELEON MINERAL. A com-
pound formed by fusing together pure
potash and black oxide of manganese,
whose solution in water, at first green,
passes spontaneously through the whole
series of colored rays to the red, and by
the addition of potash it returns to its
original green. This is called manganate
of potash, the black oxide of manganese
here performing the functions of an acid.
CAMELLIACEÆ. That family of
plants to which the common Tea plant or
Thea viridis belongs.
CAMPHOR LINIMENT COMPOUND. (Lin-
imentum Camphora Compositum.) Dis-
solve two ounces and a half of camphor
and one drachm of oil of lavender in fifteen
ounces of rectified spirit, then add five
ounces of strong solution of ammonia, and
shake till clear.
CAMPHOR, MOTIONS OF, ON WATER.
When some fragments of camphor are
thrown on the surface of clean water, con-
tained in a chemically-clean glass, they
become endowed with lively motions of
rotation and progression. If, while thus
in motion, the water be touched with the
finger, or with a speck of oil or greasy
matter, the motions are immediately ar-
rested. These phenomena have excited a
large amount of attention on the part of
scientific men during nearly two centu-
ries.
CAMELLIA SASANQUA. An aro-
matic plant, the flowers of which are
sometimes mixed with tea leaves in order
to render them fragrant.
CAMP VINEGAR. A mixture of | Dryobalanops camphora.
vinegar with Cayenne pepper, soy, wal-
nut ketchup, anchovies, and garlic.
CAMPHOR OIL. A volatile oil obtained
from Camphora officinarum or from the
CAMPEACHY WOOD. Logwood.
CAMPHENE. A burning fluid com-
posed of alcohol, turpentine, and camphor.
This term is applied also to the pure oil
of turpentine, and to a radical contained
in the oil of camphor, obtained by heating
camphor in close vessels.
CAMPHOR OINTMENT. An ointment
prepared by heating, by means of a water-
bath, three parts of powdered camphor
with twelve parts of prepared lard.
CAMPHOR TEA. A tea prepared by
pouring boiling water on gum camphor.
CAMPHOR WATER. (Aqua Camphora.)
A preparation made by rubbing two
drachms of camphor with forty drops of
alcohol, and then half an ounce of carbo-
nate magnesia with two pints of water
gradually added and filtered.
CAMPHORA. See Camphor.
CAMPHORA OFFICINARUM.
See Cam-
CAMPHOGEN. A hydrocarbon com-
posed of eight equivalents of hydrogen
and ten of carbon; the basyl of camphor.
CAMPHOL. See Borneo Camphor.
CAMPHOR. (Camphora, Kampher.)
A peculiar concrete substance, purified by
sublimation, derived from Camphora offi-
cinarum or Laurus camphora, an Asiatic the combination of camphoric acid with
evergreen tree of considerable size resem- a base.
phor.
CAMPHORATE. A salt formed by
bling the linden, producing a red berry CAMPHORATE OF QUINIA. A salt pre-
like that of the cinnamon. It is a mod-pared by saturating camphoric acid with
erate stimulant and diaphoretic, anodyne, quinia, and evaporating.
narcotic, &c., &c.
CAMPHORATED SOAP LINI-
CAMPHOR, ARTIFICIAL. See Artificial MENT. (Opodeldoc.) Dissolve three
Camphor.
ounces of common soap, by means of a
(Linimentum | sand-bath, in one pint of alcohol, then
CAMPHOR LINIMENT.
7
CAM
CAN
98
CANARY GRASS. A plant, Phalaris,
whose seeds are collected for canary birds.
add one ounce of camphor and one drachm | plant which is supposed to yield when
each of oils of rosemary and origanum. wounded a resinous juice analogous to the
CAMPHORATED TINCTURE OF OPIUM. turpentines, and called Elemi.
(Paregoric Elixir, Tinctura Camphora
Composita, Tinctura Opii Camphorata,
Compound Tincture of Camphor.) Mace-
rate for seven days a drachm each of pow-
dered opium and benzoic acid, forty grains
of camphor, a drachm of oil of anise, and
two ounces clarified honey in two pints of
diluted alcohol, and filter.
CANARY SEED. The seeds of Phalaris
Canariensis, originally from the Canary
Islands. They are sometimes used for
emollient cataplasms, but their chief use
is food for canary birds.
CANARY WEED.
A commercial name
for the Roccella tinctoria or Orchilla weed,
growing upon the Canary Islands, and
from which lacmus or litmus is obtained.
It is also called Angola weed.
CANCER ROOT. (Beech Drops, Oro-
banche Virginiana, Epifagus Americanus.)
A parasitic fleshy plant growing upon the
roots of the beech tree. It is chiefly used
CAMPHORATED TINCTURE OF SOAP.
(Linimentum Saponis, Soap Liniment,
Tinctura Saponis Camphorata.) Dissolve
by means of a water-bath four ounces of
Castile soap in a mixture of two pints of
alcohol and four ounces of water, filter,
and add two ounces of camphor and a half
ounce of oil of rosemary.
CAMPHORIC ACID. An acid result-in bowel affections, though considered by
ing from the decomposition of camphor by
nitric acid with the aid of repeated distil-
lation. It is composed of C20H1603.
CAMWOOD. A tropical wood used
in dyeing; said to be the produce of the
Baphia nitida, a native of Sierra Leone.
CANADA BALSAM. See Abies Bal-
samea.
some as a valuable remedy in cancerous
ulcers. It is an ingredient in Martin's
Cancer Powder, of which the most active
constituent is arsenic.
CANDIED. Preserved with sugar, or
incrusted with it; covered with crystals
of sugar.
CANADA FLEABANE. The Erigeron | &c.
CANDYTUFT, BITTER. See Bitter,
Canadense, an indigenous annual plant CANE. In Botany this term is applied
common to this country, considered diu-
retic, tonic, and astringent. It is placed
by some botanists in a subgenus with the
title Cœnotus. Erigeron pusilum is an-
other species.
CANADA PITCH. (Pix Canadensis.)
The prepared concrete juice of Abies Can-
adensis or Hemlock spruce, growing in
Canada and Nova Scotia. It possesses
properties similar to those of Burgundy
pitch.
CANADA SNAKEROOT. (Wild Ginger.)
See Asarum.
CANADA TURPENTINE. (Balsam of Fir.)
See Abies Balsamea.
Channelled;
CANALICULATED.
furrowed. In botany, having a deep lon-
gitudinal groove above, and convex under-
neath; applied to the stem, leaf, or peti-
ole of plants.
CANARIUM COMMUNE.
The
to several species of plants belonging to
different genera, such as Amudo, Calamus,
Saccharum, &c.
CANE BRIMSTONE. (Roll Sulphur.) A
commercial title applied to sublimated
sulphur which after fusion is poured into
cylindrical wooden moulds.
CANE SUGAR. Sugar obtained either
from the Sorghus saccharatus, Chinese
sugar-cane, from corn-stalks, or the Acer
saccharinum (sugar maple).
CANELLA ALBA BARK. See Ca-
nellæ Cortex.
CANELLA ALBA CORTEX. See Canellæ
Cortex.
CANELLE CORTEX. (White Ca-
nella Bark.) The bark of Canella alba,
a tree, the only species of its genus grow-
ing in the West Indies. The bark is a
gentle tonic and local stimulant.
CANNA. The fecula from the rhizoma
CAN
CAN
99
of an undetermined species of Canna,
known by the French name Tous les mois.
It possesses the chemical properties of
starch, and when prepared with boiling
water forms a nutriment similar to arrow-
root.
It is believed to be derived from a
species known as Canna edulis. Canna
achiras and Canna speciosa are other spe-
cies.
CANNA ACHIRAS,
See Canna.
CANNA EDULIS,
CANNA SPECIOSA,
CANNA STARCH.
CANNABENE. Á colorless volatile
oil composed of thirty-six equivalents of
carbon and twenty of hydrogen, obtained
from the oil of hemp.
CANNABIN. A term applied to
the resinous extractive contained in the
leaves of the Indian hemp, and which is
supposed to be the active principle.
CANNABIS INDICA. (Indian Hemp.)
The Cannabis sativa or Indica, or hemp
plant, growing in Hindostan, the tops of
which yield a resinous product considered
powerfully narcotic, and in overdoses poi-
sonous.
It is used chiefly in neuralgia,
gout, rheumatism, tetanus, chorea, &c.
CANNABIS SATIVA. A species of Can-
nabis differing but slightly from Cannabis
Indica.
CANTHARIDAL COLLODION.
(Collodion cum Cantharide, Collodion with
Cantharides.) A blistering fluid, which
may be prepared by exhausting Spanish
flies with ether, which is afterwards dis-
tilled off, and the oily residue mixed with
collodion.
CANTHARIDATE OF POTASSI-
UM. A preparation formed by dissolving
2 parts of cantharidin in 150 parts of al-
cohol, adding to the solution 1.6 part of
caustic potassium dissolved in a little
water. The alcohol may be removed from
the mass by expression.
CANTHARIDEÆ. A title by which
a group of vesicating insects, correspond-
ing with the Linnæan genus Meloe, were
distinguished by Latreille.
CANTHARIDES. (Spanish Flies,
Cantharis, Cantharis Vesicatoria.) A bee-
tle abounding in Spain, Italy, and the
South of France, which when internally
administered is considered a powerful
stimulant, and in moderate doses diuretic.
They are used principally for blistering
purposes.
CANTHARIDES PLASTER. See Blistering
Cerate.
CANTHARIDIN. A white substance,
in the form of crystalline scales, insoluble
in water and nearly so in cold alcohol; sol-
uble in ether, chloroform, benzole, and the
oils. It is the vesicating principle of the
Spanish fly.
CANTHARIS. See Cantharides.
CANTHARIS ALBIDA. A large species
of Cantharis found near the Rocky Moun-
tains.
CANTHARIS ALNEAS. An American
species of Cantharis abounding in Penn-
sylvania, not yet employed.
CANTHARIS ATRATA. A species of
Cantharis distinguished by its small size
and uniform black color.
}
CANTHARIS AZELIANUS,
A species
CANTHARIS POLITUS. of Cantharis
inhabiting the Southern States.
CANTHARIS CINEREA. A species of
Cantharis of an ash color, closely resem-
bling in figure and size the common po-
tato fly or Cantharis vittata.
CANTHARIS MARGINATA. A species of
Cantharis somewhat larger than Cantharis
vittata and of different shape. It is said
to be as efficient as any other species.
CANTHARIS MELENA
(Lytta Melæna).
CANTHARIS VULNERATA
(Lytta Vulnerati).
Species of
Cantharis
abound-
ing in Cal-
ifornia, said to have all the virtues of
the officinal species.
CANTHARIS NUTTALLI. (Lytta Nut-
talli.) A large and beautiful insect of
Missouri, said to surpass the Spanish fly
in magnitude and splendor, and which
bids fair to become of some importance.
CANTHARIS VESICATORIA. The offici-
nal species. See Cantharides.
CANTHARIS VITTATA. A species com-
monly called the Potato Fly. It resembles
the Cantharis vesicatoria in shape though
CAO
CAP
100
smaller, and is said to be equal in value to | formerly employed in rheumatism, amen-
that species.
orrhoea, and diseases of the liver and
spleen.
CAPHOPICRITE. A complex body
obtained from rhubarb. At one time sup-
posed to be its active purgative principle.
CAPILLAIRE. A kind of syrup ex-
tracted from maidenhair; any simple
syrup flavored with orange-flower water.
CAOUTCHOUC. (Gum Elastic, In-
dia Rubber.) The concrete juice of differ-
ent species of Siphonia, particularly the
Siphonia cahuchu, S. elastica or Hevea Gui-
anensis, a large tree growing in Brazil
and Guiana. It is used for various pur-
poses; it has been given in cutaneous dis-
ease. Products analogous to caoutchouc CAPILLARY. In Botany, capillary
are yielded by many plants belonging to plants (Herbæ capillarea) was a term ap-
the natural orders Artocarpeæ, Apocy-plied to a class of plants consisting of
nacea, and Euphorbiaceæ, growing in ferns. It corresponds to the order Filices
hot climates. Composition, a hydro- in the sexual method, which bear their
carbon.
flower and fruit on the back of the leaf or
frond. This term is applied also to leaves
which are longer than the setaceous or
Caoutchouc, VULCANIZED. (Vulcan-
ized Caoutchouc.) Caoutchouc which has
undergone the treatment of vulcanization; | bristle-shaped leaf; to glands resembling
this consists in submitting it in thin sheets
to the action of a mixture composed of
forty parts bisulphuret of carbon and one
of chloride of sulphur.
CAOUTCHOUCIN. A highly inflam-
mable and very light, volatile, oily liquid,
obtained by distillation from caoutchouc.
CAP CEMENT. A cement made of
six parts rosin, one part yellow wax, and
one part Venetian red. Used for fasten-
ing metals or wood to glass, and for ren-
dering joints impervious to water.
CAPE ALOES. See Aloe Capensis.
CAPE GUM. A species of gum Arabic
supposed to be from Acacia karroo, im-
ported into Great Britain from the Cape
of Good Hope.
hairs; to the filaments; to the style, and
to the pappus or down affixed to some seeds.
Terms de-
CAPILLARY ATTRACTION, noting the
}
CAPILLARY REPULSION.
cause which determines the ascent or de-
scent of a fluid in a capillary tube above
or below the level of the surrounding
fluid when the tube is dipped in that fluid.
CAPITULUM. In Botany, a species
or mode of inflorescence in which the
flowers are sessile on the same horizontal
plane of the peduncle.
CAPNOMOR. A principle classed
among the products of the general distil-
lation of organic substances. It is an in-
gredient of smoke, and occurs in the heavy
oil of tar and coal naphtha. It is a color-
CAPE SAFFRON. A saffron growing at less liquid, and has the property of dis-
the Cape of Good Hope.
CAPER PLANT. (Mole Plant.) An
English title for the Euphorbia lathyris, a
biennial plant growing wild in this coun-
try, though said to be introduced from
Europe. It is also called Mole Plant, un-
der the impression that moles avoid the
grounds where it grows. It possesses the
general properties of the other species of
Euphorbia. The oil of its seed is chiefly
used, being a drastic purgative.
CAPER BUSH. (Capparis Spinosa.) A
low trailing shrub growing in the south
of Europe and north of Africa, the bark
of which is considered diuretic, and was
solving caoutchouc.
CAPPARIS SPINOSA.
Bush.
See Caper
CAPRATE. A salt formed by the
union of capric acid with a base.
CAPREOLATE. In Botany, having
tendrils or filiform spiral claspers, by
which plants fasten themselves to other
bodies, as in vines, pease, &c.
CAPRIC ACID. (Caprinic Acid.) An
acid obtained from butter, which crystal-
lizes in needles at 52°, and becomes en-
tirely liquid at 64°. It has the peculiar
odor of the goat, and is composed of
C20H2004•
CAP
CAR
101
A
CAPRIFICATION. The supposed
impregnation of the ovules of the fruit of
the fig by an insect, which penetrates it,
and carries in the pollen adhering to his
body. This is a process for accelerating
the ripening of the fig, in the Levant, by
suspending on the cultivated fig, branches
of the wild fig, that bring with them a small
insect (a species of Cynips) which, by
puncturing the fruit for the purpose of
laying its eggs, simply hastens ripening.
This effect may be also produced by merely
puncturing the fruit with a needle dipped
in oil.
CAPRIFOLIACEÆ. A family of
plants, including the genera Lonicera,
Viburnum, Sambucus, &c.
CAPRILIDENE. A compound of
carbon and hydrogen (sixteen and four-
teen), obtained by the continued boiling
of bromated caprylene (C₁H₁Br₂) with
alcoholic potassa.
16 16
CAPRINE. (Caprone.) A substance
found in butter, which, with butyrin and
caprone, gives it its peculiar agreeable
taste and odor. It is a compound of capric
acid and glycerin, or a caprate of glycerin.
CAPROIC ACID. An acid obtained
from butter, in the form of an oily, limpid
fluid, having the odor of sweat, and a
nauseous, sweetish taste.
CAPROYL HYDRIDE. A distinct
carbohydrogen isolated from rectified
American petroleum. It consists of twelve
equivalents of carbon and fourteen of
hydrogen.
CAPRYL HYDRIDE. A carbohydro-
gen obtained from rectified American
petroleum, consisting of sixteen parts of
carbon, and eighteen parts of hydrogen.
CAPSICI FRUCTUS. (Capsicum
Fruit.) The dried fruit of Capsicum
fastigiatum imported from Zanzibar, and
known in commerce as Guinea pepper
and Pod pepper.
CAPSICIN. The peculiar pungent
principle of Cayenne pepper.
CAPSICUM ANNUUM. See Capsicum.
CAPSICUM BACCATUM. (Bird Pepper.)
A species of Capsicum, grown in the West
Indies, which, together with the Capsicum
frutescens, is said to yield most of the
Cayenne pepper brought from that coun-
try. They differ from other species only
in the degree of their pungency.
CAPSICUM FASTIGIATUM. See Capsici
Fructus.
CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS. See Capsicum
Baccatum.
CAPSULÆSEIC ACID. A peculiar
acid discovered in the capsule of the fruit
of the Esculus hippocastanum or Horse
chestnut.
CAPSULATE. Inclosed in a capsule.
CAPSULE. In Botany, a pericarp,
which is one or many-celled, many-seeded,
superior, dry, dehiscent by valves, always
proceeding from a compound ovarium.
CAPSULE. In Pharmacy, a small shal-
low evaporating-dish, usually of porcelain.
CAPSULES OF ETHER. (Pearls of Ether.)
Ether inclosed in capsules composed of
sugared gum, for the purpose of its con-
venient administration.
Capsules of GELATIN. Capsules pre-
pared with gelatin for the administration
of medicines which are too disagreeable
to the tongue and palate.
Dead matter;
CAPUT-MORTUUM.
worthless remains; the residuum of dis-
tillation or sublimation, after the volatile
matter has been driven off by heat.
CARABAYA BARK. A new and
valuable species of Peruvian bark, derived
from the Province of Carabaya, contain-
ing from 1.5 to 1.8 per cent. of sulphate
of quinia.
CARACCAS KINO. (South American
Kino.) A species of kino derived from
Caraccas, strongly resembling, if not iden-
tical with West India kino, and obtained
from Coccoloba uvifera.
CARACCAS SARSAPARILLA. A variety of
sarsaparilla brought from Laguayra.
CARAMANIA GUM. A gum re-
CAPSICUM. (Red Pepper, Cayenne
Pepper.) The fruit of Capsicum annuum,sembling Bassora gum, produced by an
a plant cultivated in almost all parts of the unknown tree in the Province of Cara-
world. It is a powerful stimulant. mania, in the eastern part of Asia Minor,
CAR
CAR
102
and used in the adulteration of gum Charcoal.) Charcoal prepared from wood
tragacanth.
CARAMEL. Anhydrous or burnt su-
gar; a black, porous, shining substance,
obtained by heating sugar to a high
temperature. It is soluble in water, which
it colors a dark brown, and is used for
coloring spirits, &c.
CARANNA. See Amyris Caranna.
CARAWAY. (Carum.) The fruit of
Carum carui, a biennial plant, native of
Europe, but introduced into this country.
Its seeds, which are half fruits, have an
agreeable odor and aromatic taste, de-
pending on an essential oil. They are
used chiefly as a carminative.
CARAWAY WATER. See Aqua Carui.
CARBAZOTATE OF AMMONIA.
A salt formed with carbazotic or picric
acid with ammonia. Said to be useful in
intermittent fever.
by exposing it to a red heat without access
of air. It is disinfectant and absorbent,
and is chiefly used in stomach affections.
The best for medicinal purposes is said to
be obtained from poplar shoots.
CARBOHYDROGENS. Compounds
formed by the union of carbon and hydro-
gen, such as olefiant gas, and light and
concrete oils of wine, besides several hy-
pothetical radicals.
CARBOLIC ACID. See Acid, Carbolic.
CARBON. An elementary combustible
substance existing pure and crystallized
in the diamond, and sometimes in graph-
ite, and forming the basis of animal and
vegetable charcoal, and of coke. When
united with oxygen it forms carbonic acid
and carbonic oxide, according to the pro-
portions of the oxygen. When united
with hydrogen it forms various carburets
of hydrogen, of which one is the common
CARBON OXYCHLORIDE. See Phosgene.
CARBON PENTASULPHIDE. A combi-
nation formed by the action of sodium on
bisulphide of carbon.
CARBAZOTATE OF IRON. A salt pre-
pared by digesting pure crystallized carb-illuminating gas.
azotic acid with an excess of recently pre-
cipitated sesquioxide of iron and water at
a gentle heat, till the acid has disappeared,
filtering, and evaporating the filtrate at a
temperature not exceeding 212°. Said to
be useful in cases of cephalalgia.
CARBAZOTIC ACID. (Picric Acid,
Nitropicric Acid.) An acid obtained by
the action of nitric acid on indigo, silk,
and other substances. It is largely used
in dyeing. It may be prepared from coal-
tar, creasote (impure phenylic or carbolic
acid), or from Australian gum.
CARBO. (Pure Charcoal, Carbon.)
See Carbon.
CARBO ANIMALIS. (Animal Charcoal,
Bone Black.) Charcoal prepared from
bones by subjecting them to a red heat in
close vessels. It is used chiefly in Phar-
macy for decolorizing vegetable principles.
CARBO ANIMALIS PURIFICATUS. (Pu-
rified Animal Charcoal.) Animal charcoal
purified by the action of diluted muriatic
acid, which dissolves the phosphate and
decomposes the carbonate of lime, which
generally constitute its impurity, for
delicate chemical processes.
CARBON TETRABROMIDE. A compound
prepared by heating bisulphide of carbon
in a sealed tube with bromide of iodine,
and by other processes.
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.
chloride of Carbon.
See Bi-
CARBOLATE OF QUINIA. A salt
formed by the union of carbolic acid and
quinia. It is used with advantage in puer-
peral cases and in typhus cases.
CARBONATE. A salt formed by the
union of carbonic acid with a base, as the
carbonate of lime, carbonate of soda, &c.
CARBONATE OF AMMONIA. See Ammo-
nia Carbonate.
CARBONATE OF BARYTA. See Baryta.
CARBONATE OF BISMUTH. See Bismuth
Carbonate.
CARBONATE OF IRON AND MANGANESE,
SACCHARINE. Dissolve three ounces and
one drachm of sulphate of iron, one ounce
and one scruple of sulphate of manganese,
and five ounces of carbonate of soda, each
CARBO LIgni. (Charcoal, Vegetable in thirty imperial fluid ounces of water,
CAR
CAR
103
and thoroughly mix the solutions; collect | employed externally in medicine only, in
the precipitated carbonates on a cloth skin complaints.
filter, wash them with cold water, press
out as much water as possible, and, with-
out delay, triturate the pulp with two and
a half ounces of finely-powdered sugar,
and dry.
CARBONATE OF IRON PILLS. (Pilula
Ferri Carbonatis, Vallet's Ferruginous
Pills, Vallet's Mass.) This preparation
may be formed by beating into a uniform
mass one ounce of the saccharated car-
bonate of iron and a quarter of an ounce
of the confection of roses. Useful in such
cases as mild preparations of iron are
indicated.
CARBONATE OF IRON, PRECIPITATED.
(Ferri Subcarbonas, Sesquioxide of Iron,
Red Oxide of Iron, Subcarbonate of Iron,
Aperitive Saffron of Mars.) A powder
employed for all the purposes to which
the preparations of iron are generally
applicable. It is prepared by mixing a
solution of eight troy ounces of sulphate of
iron, in four pints of water, with nine
troy ounces of carbonate of soda in four
pints of water, stirring and setting aside
to precipitate, which is then washed, and
dried without heat.
|
Carbonate of LIME. (Creta, Chalk.)
Native friable carbonate of lime, or chalk,
if pure, is entirely soluble in muriatic
acid. It consists, like other varieties of
lime, of one equivalent of carbonic acid
and one of lime.
CARBONATE OF LIME, PRECIPITATED.
(Calcis Carbonas Præcipitata, Cretæ Præ-
cipitata.) A salt prepared by heating
separately, to the boiling-point, five pints
and a half of a solution of chloride of
calcium and a solution of seventy-two
ounces (troy) of carbonate of soda in six
pints of distilled water, and mixing them.
When the precipitate has subsided, sepa-
rate it from the liquor, wash thoroughly
with boiling distilled water, and dry.
CARBONATE OF LITHIA. A white pow-
der, sparingly soluble in water and having
a feeble alkaline reaction. It dissolves
with effervescence in dilute sulphuric acid,
and forms a freely soluble salt. It pos-
sesses the ordinary remedial properties of
the alkaline carbonates, and consists of
one equivalent of lithia and one of carbonic
acid.
CARBONATE OF MAGNESIA. (Magnesia
CARBONATE OF IRON, SACCHARINE. Alba, Magnesiæ Carbonas.) A white sub-
(Ferri Carbonas Saccharata.) Dissolve stance in powder or pulverulent masses,
two ounces (av.) of sulphate of iron and dependent for its density upon the strength
one ounce and one-quarter of carbonate of of the solutions from which it is precipi-
ammonia, each in a half gallon of boiling tated. It may be prepared by mixing a
distilled water; mix the solution, stirring solution of ten ounces of sulphate of mag-
briskly, in a deep cylindrical vessel; set nesia in a pint of boiling water with a
aside for one day, then draw off the super-solution of twelve ounces of carbonate of
natant liquor with a siphon; pour on
another gallon of boiling water, and after
the precipitate has again subsided remove
the liquor as before; collect the carbonate
on a filter, express it, and rub with one
ounce of refined sugar and dry at 212°.
CARBONATE OF IRON WITH SUGAR. See
Carbonate of Iron, Saccharine.
CARBONATE OF LEAD. (Plumbi Car-
bonas, White Lead, Ceruse, Bleiweiss, Blanc
de Plomb, Blanc de Ceruse.) Carbonate
of lead may be prepared by passing a
stream of carbonic acid through a solution
of subacetate (trisacetate) of lead. It is
soda in a pint of boiling water, and evap-
orating the whole to dryness by means of
a sand-bath. Digest the residue for half
an hour with two pints of boiling water,
collect the insoluble material on a calico
filter, wash it thoroughly with distilled
water, and dry it at 212° temperature or
less.
CARBONATE OF MAGNESIA SOLUTION.
(Liquor Magnesiæ Carbonatis, Fluid Mag-
nesia.) A preparation of carbonate of
magnesia in the liquid form, by means of
carbonic acid.
CARBONATE OF MANGANESE. A salt
CAR
CAR
104
CARBONATE OF SODA, DRIED,} (Sodo
prepared by the double decomposition | tallized it contains nearly two-thirds of
between sulphate of manganese and car- its weight of water. It is given in disease
bonate of soda, by which carbonate of attended with acidity of the stomach.
manganese is precipitated and sulphate of
soda remains in solution. It is generally
in the form of pills, in which it is chiefly
administered. Useful as an appetizer and
in cases of chlorosis.
CARBONATE OF NICKEL. A salt formed
by dissolving the impure arseniuret of
nickel, called speiss, coarsely powdered
and mixed with half of its weight of iron
filings, in nitromuriatic acid, evaporating
to dryness, and the residue treated with
water. The liquid is then acidulated with
muriatic acid, treated with sulphuretted
hydrogen in excess, which precipitates the
copper, and after filtration boiled with a
little nitric acid. The cold liquid, largely
diluted with water, is next treated with a
solution of bicarbonate of soda, gradually
added;
then filter, and boil with carbonate
of soda, when the carbonate of nickel will
precipitate.
CARBONATE OF POTASSA. (Potassæ
Carbonas, Salt of Tartar.) This salt may
be prepared from the impure carbonate of
potash or pearl ash, by dissolving in water,
filtering, and evaporating till a granular
salt is formed. It is employed both inter-
nally and externally in various complaints.
Improperly called Salt of Tartar.
CARBONATE OF SODIUM.
nas Exsiccata, Sodii Carbonas Exsiccata.)
Carbonate of soda exposed to a red heat
in an iron vessel until it is thoroughly
dried, stirring constantly with an iron
spatula, and then rubbed into a powder,
by which means it is capable of being
formed into a pill, an advantage over the
common carbonates.
CARBONATE OF ZINC. (Zinci Carbonas,
Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc, Zinci Car-
bonas Præcipitata.) Dissolve separately,
with the aid of heat, twelve ounces each
of sulphate of zinc and carbonate of soda,
each in four pints of water. Mix the so-
lutions, stir, and set aside, and when the
powder has subsided separate it from the
liquor, wash it with hot water, and dry
with a gentle heat. It is used for the
same purposes as prepared Calcinine.
CARBONATE OF ZINC, NATIVE. See
Calamina.
CARBONATE OF ZINC, PRECIPITATED.
See Carbonate of Zinc.
CARBONATED. Combined with car-
bonic acid; impregnated with carbonic
acid.
acid.
CARBONATED WATERS. Waters im-
CARBONATE OF POTASSA, IMPURE. pregnated to excess with carbonic acid,
(Pearl Ash, Impure Subcarbonate of Po- giving them a sparkling appearance and
tassa, Impure Potassa.) The alkali potassa, the power of reddening litmus paper.
or the protoxide of the metal potassium, They frequently contain the carbonates
subjected to calcination, constitutes a purer of lime, magnesia, and iron, which are
article, called Pearl Ash, or impure car-held in solution by the excess of carbonic
bonate of potassa.
CARBONATE OF POTASSA, PURE. (Salt CARBONIC ACID. A colorless gas
of Tartar, Potassa Carbonas Pura.) A or acid composed of one equivalent of
carbonate of potassa containing no impu- carbon and two equivalents of oxygen, or
rities, obtained from the bicarbonate or in which oxygen combines in the greatest
bitartrate of potassa. It can be obtained proportion with carbon. It exists, under
by deflagrating a mixture of two parts ordinary circumstances, when uncombined,
cream tartar and one of pure saltpetre. in the state of a gas, but has been liquefied
CARBONATE OF SODIUM. bonas, Sodii merly called fixed air, aerial acid, mephitic
Carbonas, Sal Soda.) A colorless salt con- gas, and cretaceous acid, or acid of chalk.
sisting of one equivalent of carbonic acid | It is of a slightly pungent odor and acid
and one of soda. When perfectly crys- taste, and obtained from bicarbonate of
CAR
CAR
105
soda, marble, or chalk, by the action of
sulphuric acid. It is found in some places
in the state of gas; it exists in the atmos-
phere, and is disengaged from fermenting
liquors and from decomposing vegetable
and animal substances, and is given off in
respiration. It is heavier than common
air, and subsides into low places, vaults,
and wells.
one equivalent each of carbon and hy-
drogen, and the bicarburet of hydrogen,
or light carburetted hydrogen, composed
of one equivalent of carbon and two equiv-
alents of hydrogen.
CARDAMINE PRATENSIS. (Cuckoo
Flower, Cardamine, Lady's Smock.) A
perennial, herbaceous, European plant,
the flowers of which are diuretic and anti-
(Artificial spasmodic.
CARBONIC ACID WATER.
Seltzer Water, Aqua Acidi Carbonici.)
Water impregnated with carbonic acid
equal to five times the bulk of the water.
CARBONIC OXIDE. A gaseous com-
pound of one equivalent of carbon and
one equivalent of oxygen. It is fatal to
animal life, extinguishes combustion, and
burns with a pale blue flame, forming car-
bonic acid. It is proposed as an anæs-
thetic.
CARBONIFEROUS.
containing carbon.
Producing or
CARBONIZE. To convert into carbon
by combustion or the action of fire, or
other means, as by the action of concen-
trated acids on animal and vegetable sub-
stances.
CARDAMOM. (Cardamomum) The
fruit of Elettaria cardamomum, Alpinia
cardamomum, Amomum repens, or Rene-
almia Cardamomum. A plant native of
Malabar, in the forests of which it springs
up spontaneously. Its fruit or seeds are
a warm and grateful aromatic, and are
divided into three varieties, called the
lesser, middle, and larger, or Cardamomum
minus, medium, and majus.
CARDAMOMUM LONGUM. See
Ceylon Cardamom.
CARDAMOMUM MAJUS,
CARDAMOMUM MEDIUM,
See Car-
damom.
CARDAMOMUM MINUS.
CARDIAC. A medicine which ex-
cites action in the stomach and animates
the spirits.
CARBO-SULPHURET. A term for-
merly applied to the compounds formed CARDINAL FLOWER. (Lobelia
by the action of the disulphuret of carbon Cardinalis.) A species of Lobelia distin-
on metallic and alkaline metallic sul-guished for its showy red flowers, said to
phurets.
CARBOY. A large globular bottle of
green glass, inclosed in basket or box-
work for protection. Used particularly
for carrying corrosive liquors, as sulphuric
acid.
CARBURET. A combination of car-
bon with some other substance, the result-
ing compound not being an acid or base.
A compound of carbon with a basifiable
or acidifiable substance, in which the car-
bon is the electro-negative ingredient.
CARBURET OF IRON. See Black Lead.
CARBURET OF SULPHur. See Bisul-
phide of Carbon.
CARBURETTED HYDROGEN
GAS. A term applied to various gaseous
compounds of carbon, particularly to two
definite, the protocarburet of hydrogen, or
heavy carburetted hydrogen, composed of
possess anthelmintic properties.
CARDOL. A yellow oleaginous liquid
obtained from the black juice which sur-
rounds the cashew nut.
CARDUUS BENEDICTUS. See
Blessed Thistle.
CARDUUS MARIANUS. A species of
Carduus, the seeds of which are said to be
useful in hemorrhages.
CARIBEAN BARK. A variety of
the Peruvian bark.
CARICA. A genus of plants, one
species of which is popularly called Pa-
paw; also the name of the species of Ficus
which produces the common fig.
CARLOCK. A sort of isinglass from
Russia, made of the sturgeon's bladder,
and used in clarifying wine.
CARMIC ACID. An acid contained
in cochineal, and perhaps in the flowers
CAR
CAR
106
of some species of Monarda, and identical
with rufimaric acid, and composed of
C28H14016-
CARMINATIVE. A medicine which
tends to expel wind or remedy colic and
flatulence.
CARMINATIVE, DALBY'S. Carbonate
of magnesia, two scruples; oil of pepper-
mint, one drop; oil of nutmeg, two drops;
oil of aniseed, three drops; tincture of
castor, thirty drops; tincture of asafoetida,
fifteen drops; tincture of opium, five
drops; essence of pennyroyal, fifteen drops;
tinct. cardamom. co., thirty drops; pep-
permint water, two fluid ounces. M.
CARMINE. The pure coloring mat-
ter or coloring principle of cochineal,
precipitated by spontaneous evaporation
CARPATHIAN BALSAM. See Bal-
sam, Carpathian.
CARPEL,
In Botany, a small
CARPELLUM.} seed-vessel or peri-
carp; one of a group produced by a single
flower.
CARPOBALSAMUM. The dried
fruit of the balm of Gilead tree or Amyris
Gileadensis.
Petrified fruits, of
CARPOLITE.
which the most remarkable are nuts con-
verted into silex.
CARPOLOGY. A description of fruits.
CARRAGEEN. See Chondrus.
CARRAGEENIN. A peculiar pectin
obtained from Irish moss.
CARRARA MARBLE. (Statuary
Marble.) The purest kind of marble.
CARRARA WATER. A solution of Car-
from the alcoholic tincture of cochineal
in the form of crystals of a beautiful red | rara marble, or any other pure carbonate
color. It can be prepared by dissolving of lime, in water saturated with carbonic
cochineal in an alkaline lye, and precipi- acid. It has been used as an antacid ab-
tating it by alum. This is properly a lake, sorbent in various forms of dyspepsia.
or a combination of the coloring principle
of cochineal with alumina.
CARMINIC ACID. A name applied
to carmine in consequence of it possessing
acid properties.
CARNATION. (Clove Pink.)
The
Dianthus caryophyllus, a perennial herba-
ceous plant, the petals of which are slightly
bitter and astringent. A syrup is made
from them in France to serve as a vehicle
for other less pleasant medicines.
CARNAUBA. A kind of wax col-
lected in Brazil from the leaves of a palm
called Ceroxylon carnauba.
CAROLINA JASMINE. (Yellow
Jasmine.) See Bignonia Sempervirens.
CAROLINA PINK. (Pinkroot.) See
Spigelia.
CAROTA. (Carrot Seed.) The fruit
of Daucus carota or wild carrot, exceed-
ingly common in this country as a garden
plant. The root and seeds possess diuretic
properties, and are said to be useful in
dropsy.
CAROTIN. A peculiar, crystallizable,
ruby-red, neuter principle, obtained from
carrot root; cholesterin.
CARRON OIL. A Scotch name for
linimentum calcis or lime liniment.
CARROT ROOT,
CARROT SEED.
See Carota.
CARTHAGENA BARKS. Non-offici-
nal varieties of Peruvian bark brought
from the Northern Atlantic ports of South
America, and variously named in com-
merce Pitaya, Bogota, Maracaybo, and
Santa Martha barks.
CARTHAGENA IPECACUANHA. (Gray
Ipecacuanha.) A large light-colored bit-
ter root, with less prominent rings and
wider furrows than other varieties of
ipecac root.
CARTHAGIA. A bitter crystallizable
principle discovered in Carthagena bark.
It resembles the quinia salts, but is said
to be destitute of febrifuge qualities.
CARTHAMIC ACID. (Carthamine.)
A red coloring principle, insoluble in
water, but soluble in alkaline liquids, ob-
tained from the flowers of the Carthamus
tinctorius or safflower. It is composed of
141
8
CARTHAMINE. See Carthamic Acid.
CARTHAMUS. (Dyer's Saffron, Saf-
flower.) The flowers of Carthamus tinc-
CAR
CAS
107
torius or dyer's saffron or safflower, an | plants, including the genera Silene and
India plant cultivated in Europe and Stellaria.
America. It is sold in this country under
the name of American saffron. In large
doses Carthamus is said to be laxative,
and in infusion diaphoretic.
CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS.
thamus.
See Car-
CARTHAXANTHIC ACID. A yel-
low extract, soluble in water, brown in con-
tact with air, and composed of C24H15015
CARUI FRUCTUS,
CARUM CARUI,
CARUM.
CARYOPHYLLATE RADIX. A
name sometimes given to the root of Geum
rivale or water avens, which, when fresh,
has an odor like that of cloves.
CARYOPHYLLIC ACID. (Eugenic
Acid.) Terms applied to heavy oil of
cloves, from the property it possesses of
forming soluble and crystallizable salts
with the alkalies. It consists of twenty
equivalents of carbon, twelve of hydrogen,
See Caraway. and four of oxygen.
CARVACROL. A product obtained
from oil of caraway when it is distilled
from hydrated phosphoric acid, and poured
back into the retort until it ceases to have
the smell of caraway. It is an oily liquid,
having a disagreeable odor and a strong
taste. It is said to be useful in toothache
applied in the usual way.
CARVENE. A liquid oily carbohy-
drogen separable by distillation from oil
of caraway, consisting of twenty equiva-
lents of carbon and sixteen of hydrogen.
CARVOL. A liquid oil, separable by
distillation from oil of caraway, consisting
of twenty equivalents carbon, fourteen
equivalents of hydrogen, and two equiva-
lents oxygen.
CARYA. (Hickory.)
CARYOPHYLLIN. A white crys-
talline resinous substance, soluble in ether
and boiling alcohol, and exhibiting neither
alkaline nor acid reaction, obtained from
cloves.
CARYOPHYLLUM. The dried un-
expanded flower-buds of Caryophyllus
aromaticus.
CARYOPHYLLUS. (Cloves.) The
unexpanded flowers of Caryophyllus aro-
maticus or Eugenia caryophyllata, a small
tree inhabiting the islands of India. They
are a stimulant aromatic, though used
chiefly to modify the effects of other medi-
cines.
CARYOPHYLLUS
Caryophyllus.
AROMATICUS.
See
CASCARILLA. The bark of Croton
eluteria or Clutia eluteria, a West India
CARYA ALBA. (White Hickory, Shell- | shrub. It is aromatic and tonic.
bark Hickory.)
CARYA AMARA. (Bitter Hickory.)
CARYA OLIVEFORMIS. A species of
hickory growing in the southwestern por-
tion of the United States, which bears the
fruit known as the pecan-nut.
CARYA TOMENTOSA. The species of
hickory which bears the common thick-
shelled hickory nut.
CARYA GLABRA,
CARYA MICROCARPA.
}
CASCARILLIN. A bitter crystalliz-
able principle obtained from Cascarilla
bark.
CASEIC. Denoting the acid of cheese.
CASEIN. The curd or the coagula-
ble portion of milk. A substance identi-
cal in properties and composition with
casein is found in certain leguminous
plants, and is hence called vegetable casein
or legumin.
CASEOUS. Pertaining to cheese; like
Carya Succata. A variety of shell- cheese; having the properties of cheese.
bark hickory.
The leaves of all these species of Carya
are aromatic and astringent, and the bark
astringent and bitter; both are used in
dyspepsia and intermittent fever.
CARYOPHYLLACEÆ. A family of
CASHEW NUT. The nut of the Ana-
cardium occidentale, a small tree of the
West Indies. It contains a black liquor
used for marking linen. The tree belongs
to the same family as the sumac or rhus.
CASSAVA. A term applied in the
CAS
CAS
108
senna, said to be distinct, and growing in
Arabia, but is considered by some authors
to be a variety of the Cassia acutifolia,
from which it differs but slightly.
West Indies to the Janipha manihot or
Jatropha manihot, a South American plant,
the fecula of the root of which, after due
preparation, constitutes the Tapioca or
Mandioca of commerce.
CASSIA. The term Cassia is generally ignate the coarser barks analogous to cin-
used to designate the coarser barks analo- | namon.
gous to cinnamon.
CASSIA ACUTIFOLIA. (Cassia Lanceo-
lata.) A small undershrub growing in
Africa, the leaves of which constitute the
variety of senna, known in commerce by
the name of Alexandria senna, which are
a well-known, prompt, efficient, and very
safe cathartic.
CASSIA ÆTHIOPICA. (Cassia Ovata.)
An Ethiopian plant formerly confounded
with Cassia acutifolia, but considered a
distinct species. It is from this plant
that the Tripoli senna of commerce is
derived.
CASSIA BRASILIANA. A species of
Cassia of the West Indies resembling in
most respects the Cassia fistula.
CASSIA BUDS. The buds of the Cinna-
momum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cas-
sia, a plant growing in China, Sumatra,
and said to be cultivated in Java.
CASSIA CARYOPHYLLATA. (Clove Bark,
Cortex Caryophyllata.) A bark brought
from the West Indies, derived from a tree
belonging to the genus Myrtaceæ, sup-
posed to be the Myrtus acris. A similar
bark is said to be derived from the Myrtus
caryophyllata, which grows in Ceylon;
they possess aromatic properties.
CASSIA ELONGATA. The plant from
which the India senna of commerce is
derived. It is a native of the southern
parts of Arabia; said also to grow in the
interior of India.
CASSIA FISTULA. (Purging Cassia,
Cathartocarpus Fistula.) A large tree,
native of Upper Egypt and India, now
transplanted to various parts of the world.
Its fruit, which consists of cylindrical
dark-brown pendulous pods, a foot or
more in length, contain a soft, black pulp,
which is laxative, and may be given in
cases of habitual costiveness.
CASSIA LIGNEA. A term used to des-
CASSIA MARILANDICA. See American
Senna.
CASSIA OBOVATA. A species of Cassia
yielding the variety of senna called in
Europe, Aleppo senna, and which con-
tributes to the Alexandrian. It grows
wild in Jamaica.
CASSIA OBTUSATA. A variety of the
Obovata species of Cassia.
CASSIA OVATA. See Cassia Ethiopica.
CASSIA PULP. (Cassic Pulpa.) The
pulp obtained from the pods of the Purg-
ing Cassia or Cassia fistula.
CASSIA, PURGING. See Cassia Fistula.
CASSIA SENNA. A term applied to the
species of Cassie which yield senna.
CASSIE PULPA. See Cassia Pulp.
CASSIDONY. A name of a species
Gnaphalium, cottonweed, cudweed, or
goldylocks; also of Lavendula stoechas, or
French lavender.
CASSIIN. A bitter, crystallizable
principle, soluble in water and alcohol,
obtained from the root of Cassia fistula.
CASSINA. (Ilex Vomitoria, Ilex Cas-
sina or Ilex Dahoon.) A handsome ever-
green tree or shrub, growing in the
Southern States, the leaves of which
possess emetic properties, and form in
decoction the black-drink of the Indians.
CASSIUS. A beautiful purple color,
obtained from the chloride of gold by
means of tin. Much valued for the beauti-
ful color which it gives to glass or enamel.
CASSONADE. Unrefined sugar.
CASSUMUNIAR. (Zerumbet.) An
East India root having properties anal-
ogous to ginger, and called Zingiber,
Zerumbet, and Zingiber cassumuniar.
CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM.
Anacardium Occidentale.
See
CASTANEA. (Chincapin.) The bark
CASSIA LANCEOLATA. A species of of Castanea pumila or Chincapin of the
CAS
CAT
109
Atlantic States, a species of chestnut tree,
the bark of which is astringent and tonic.
CASTANEA OLIVEFORMIS. A tree
growing in the southwest part of this
country, which bears the fruit known as
pecan nuts.
corruption of the castus oil, the plant
producing it having formerly been called
Agnus castus.) The oil of the Ricinus
communis or Palma Christi, a plant of the
West Indies, which grows to the height
of twenty feet in one season. The oil is
CASTANEA PUMILA. See Castanea. obtained from the nuts or seeds by ex-
CASTANEA VESCA. The common chest-pression or decoction. That obtained by
nut tree, the leaves of which are said to decoction is preferred, as less liable to
be useful in hooping-cough.
CASTILE SOAP. (Olive Oil Soda Soap,
Spanish Soap) A fine white or mottled
soap, made with soda and olive oil. See
Soap.
CASTILLON'S POWDERS. A pow-
der formed with one drachm each of
powdered salep, sago, and tragacanth, and
twenty grains prepared oyster-shell, with
powdered cochineal sufficient to color. A
drachm of this is boiled in a pint of milk,
which is used ad libitum as a diet in
chronic bowel affections.
CASTILLOA ELASTICA. The Ule,
a handsome tree, growing abundantly in
the vicinity of Vera Cruz. It yields a
milky, caoutchouc-like juice, from which
candles may be made, which furnish an
excellent light. The plant belongs to the
Urticaceæ.
CASTINA. A crystallizable bitter
principle, insoluble in water, soluble in
alcohol, ether, and dilute acids, obtained
from the seeds of the Vitex agnus castus,
or Chaste tree.
CAST IRON. (Pig Iron.) Iron con-
taining about ten per cent. of carbon, with
silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium,
aluminum, and sometimes manganese.
become rancid, being free from the muci-
lage and acrid matter which is mixed with
the oil when expressed. It is a mild
though invaluable cathartic, and well
adapted to children.
CASTORY. An oil drawn from Cas-
toreum, and used in the preparation of
colors.
CASUARIA EQUISETIFOLIA. A
neat Australian tree, called Toa by the
natives. Its bark is astringent, and yields
a red coloring matter, used as a dye. The
ashes of the wood are rich in potash. The
plant belongs to the Myricaceæ.
CATALPA CORDIFOLIA,
CATALPA TREE.
nia Catalpa.
See
Bigno-
A de-
CATALYSIS. Dissolution.
composition and new combination pro-
duced among the proximate and elemen-
tary principles of one or more compounds
by virtue of the mere presence of a sub-
stance or substances which do not of
themselves enter into combination.
CATAPASM. A dry powder for
sprinkling the body.
CATAPLASM. A poultice; a soft
and moist substance to be applied to some
part of the body to excite or repel heat or
A substance of a to relax the skin, &c. When mustard is
CASTOREUM.} strong,
} strong, penetrating used it is called a sinapism.
CATAPLASMA CARBONIS. (Char-
CATAPLASMA CONII. (Hemlock Poul-
smell when fresh, of a yellowish or light-
brown color, but when dried of a reddish-coal Poultice.)
brown. Obtained from two secretory sacs,
one in each groin of the beaver. It is
regarded as an antispasmodic.
CASTORINE. An animal principle
discovered in Castor, prepared by boiling
castor in six times its weight of alcohol
and filtering the liquor; from this is de-
posited the Castorine.
tice.)
CATAPLASMA FERMENTI. (Yeast Poul-
tice)
CATAPLASMA LINI. (Linseed Poultice.)
CATAPLASMA SINAPIS. (Mustard Poul-
tice, Sinapism.)
CATAPLASMA SODE CHLORATE. (Chlo-
CASTOR OIL. (Oleum Ricini.) (Arine Poultice.)
CAT
CAT
110
CATAPLASMATA.
Poultices.)
(Cataplasms,
CATARIA. (Catnep, Catmint.) The
CATECHU-TANNIC ACID. A pe-
culiar tannic acid, obtained from catechu,
which precipitates iron of a greenish-black
leaves of the Nepeta cataria, a well-known | color, and does not yield grape sugar when
plant. It is a tonic and excitant, bearing digested with dilute sulphuric acid. It is
some resemblance to the mints.
called also Mimo-tannic acid, from its
CATAWBA BRANDY. Brandy dis- source in one of the Mimoseæ.
tilled from Catawba wine.
CATAWBA GRAPE. A grape, native of
North Carolina, largely cultivated in
Southern Ohio as a wine grape.
CATAWBA TREE. See Bignonia Catalpa.
CATAWBA WINE. Wine prepared from
the Catawba grape, of which there are
three varieties, the still, the sparkling,
and the sweet. Still Catawba is the result
of a completed fermentation; sparkling
Catawba is made by letting the wine
undergo the secondary fermentation in
the bottle; sweet Catawba is prepared by
adding sugar to the grape-juice before
fermentation.
CATCH FLY. (Silene Virginica, Wild
Pink.) An indigenous perennial plant
growing in Western Virginia, the roots of
which are anthelmintic. It is said to be
considered poisonous by the Indians. Si-
lene Pennsylvanica possesses similar prop-
erties.
CATECHU. A dry, brown, astringent
extract, obtained by decoction and evap-
oration from the Acacia catechu, in India.
It contains a large proportion of tannin
or tannic acid. It is also known by the
names Terra japonica, Cutch, Gambir, &c.
CATECHU PALLIDUM. (Pale Catechu.)
An extract of the leaves and young shoots
of Uncaria gambir or Nauclea gambir, a
climbing shrub of Eastern Asia.
CATECHUIC ACID. (Catechuin,
Tanningic Acid.) A peculiar principle,
bearing some analogy to gallic acid, of a
snow-white, silky appearance, crystal-
lizable in fine needles, fusible, soluble in
boiling water, obtained from pale catechu,
and composed of C₁7H,O,+3Aq.
17 9
CATECHUIN. See Catechuic Acid.
CATECHUS. (Gambir, Terra Japoni-
ca, Catechu Pallidum, Pale Catechu, Areca
Catechu, Siam Catechu, Black Mucilagin-
ous Catechu.) Non-officinal catechus.
CATHA EDULIS. A plant growing
wild in Abyssinia and the Nile regions.
The leaves possess stimulating and exhil-
arating qualities analogous to the Coca of
the Peruvians.
CATHARTIC. A medicine that pro-
motes alvine discharges, and thus cleanses
the stomach and bowels; a purge, a purga-
tive.
CATHARTIC CLYSTER. (Enema Magne-
sic Sulphatis, Enema Catharticum, Enema
of Sulphate of Magnesia.) Dissolve one
ounce of Epsom salts in fifteen fluid ounces
of mucilage of starch, add one fluid ounce
of olive oil, and mix.
CATHARTIN. A peculiar crystalliz-
able principle identical with rhamnin,
obtained from the fruit of Rhamnus cathar-
ticus. It must not be confounded with
the cathartic. Once supposed to be the
purgative principle of senna.
CATHARTOCARPUS
See Cassia Fistula.
FISTULA.
CATHARTOGENIC ACID. A pe-
culiar acid obtained by boiling the active
principle of senna (cathartin) with a
mineral acid.
CATHARTO-MANNITE.
A pecu-
liar non-fermentable saccharine principle,
composed of forty-two equivalents of car-
bon, forty-four of hydrogen, and thirty-
eight of oxygen, obtained from senna.
CATHETER. A tubular instrument,
usually made of silver, to be introduced
into the bladder to draw off the urine
when the natural discharge is suppressed;
also a sound to search for stone, or a
bougie made of silver or elastic gum.
CATHOLICON. An old name for
a remedy for all diseases; a universal
remedy; a remedy supposed to be effica-
cious in purging away all humors; a pana-
cea; a kind of soft purgative electuary.
CAT
CEL
111
CATMINT,
CATNEP.
See Cataria.
CAT THYME. (Teucrium Marum,
Syrian Herb Mastich.) A European plant,
said to be a warm, stimulating, aromatic
bitter, recommended in hysteria, amenor-
rhoea, and nervous debility.
ing or searing some morbid part by the
application of caustic medicines.
CAYENNE CINNAMON. A cinna-
mon, the finer varieties of which approach
in character to the Ceylon cinnamon.
CAYENNE PEPPER. See Capsicum.
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS. (New
CATTY. A Chinese weight of one and Jersey Tea, Red Root.) A small shrub
three-fourths pounds.
CAUCASIAN INSECT POWDER.
(Persian Insect Powder, Guirila.) A
powder said to be destructive to vermin,
composed of the flowers of the Pyrethrum
carneum and Pyrethrum roseum. Plants
growing upon the Caucasian Mountains.
It produces a vesicular eruption like that
caused by the Rhus toxicodendron.
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROI-
DES. (Leontice Thalictroides, Blue Co-
hosh, Puppoose Root.) An herbaceous plant
found in most parts of this country, the
root of which has a sweet, pungent taste,
and yields its virtues to water and alcohol.
It is said to be diuretic and emmenagogue.
CAUSTIC COLLODION. A collo-
dion prepared by dissolving four parts of
corrosive sublimate in thirty parts of
collodion.
CAUSTIC POTASSA. (Potassa Caustica,
Causticum Commune Acerrimum, Strongest
Common Caustic, Alcoholic Potassa, Kali
Purum, Potassa, Hydrate of Potassa)
Take of solution of potassa one gallon,
evaporate it rapidly in an iron vessel over
a fire until ebullition ceases and the po-
tassa melts, then pour it into suitable
moulds, and keep in well-stoppered bottles.
CAUSTIC SODA. (Soda, Soda Caustica,
Hydrated Oxide of Sodium.) Boil down
rapidly two pints of solution of soda in an
iron vessel to an oily consistence; pour
it
on to an iron plate or into moulds, and
preserve in well-stoppered bottles.
CAUSTICS. (Escharotics.) Agents
which destroy the life of the parts upon
which they act.
CAUSTICUM COMMUNE MITIUS.
(Milder Common Caustic.) See Common
Caustic, Milder.
growing in this country, the root of which
is astringent, and said to be useful in
syphilitic complaints. The leaves have
been used as a substitute for tea.
CEANOTHINE. A name given to
an extract prepared from the leaves of the
New Jersey tea.
CEDAR. The name of different species
of the juniper and pine. The latter is
that which is mentioned in the Scripture.
It is an evergreen, grows to a great size,
and is remarkable for its durability.
CEDAR APPLES. Small excrescences
growing upon the branches of the red
cedar tree. Said to possess anthelmintic
properties.
Said
CEDAR OIL. A volatile oil, produced
by distillation from the red cedar.
to be poisonous.
CEDAR, RED. A name given to the
Juniperus Virginiana, a species of juniper,
an evergreen tree, growing in this coun-
try, the tops or leaves of which possess
properties similar to those of savine.
CEDRAT. A species of citron tree.
CEDRIN. The supposed active prin-
ciple of Cedron, or of the seeds of Simaba
cedron, a tree growing in New Granada
and Central America.
CEDRON. The seeds of Simaba cedron,
a tree growing in New Granada and Cen-
tral America. Said to be an antidote to
the bite of serpents, and to possess valuable
antiperiodic properties. Having an in-
tense bitter taste.
CELANDINE. A name given to the
Chelidonium majus, an herbaceous plant
growing wild in this country, possessing
diuretic, diaphoretic, and expectorant
properties, and said also to be an acrid
purgative.
CELASTRINACEAE. The family of
CAUTERIZATION. The act of burn- plants to which the genus Catha belongs.
CEL
CER
112
CELASTRUS SCANDENS. (Climb-
ing Staff Tree.) A climbing shrub, grow-
ing in this country, the bark of which is
said to possess emetic, diaphoretic, and
narcotic properties.
CELLULAR. A plant having no
spiral vessels, and which is flowerless.
CELLULOSE. See Lignin.
CEMENT. Any glutinous or other
substance capable of uniting bodies in close
cohesion.
CENTAUREA BENEDICTA.
Blessed Thistle.
CENTAURIN.
See
A bitter extractive
matter, obtained from the flowering sum-
mits of the common European centaury.
CENTAURIUM. See Centaury, Eu-
ropean.
CENTAURY,
American Centaury.
AMERICAN. See
CENTAURY EUROPEAN. (Centaury,
Centaurium, Common European Centaury.)
The herb and flowering heads of Erythræa
centaurium, a small plant, growing wild
in Europe, possessing tonic properties
similar to those of gentian.
the base of the inflorescence and later at
the summit, as a flower.
CEPA. (Onion.) Allium cepa, a well-
known bulbous plant; possesses stimulant,
diuretic, expectorant, and rubefacient
properties.
CEPHAËLIC ACID. (Ipecacuanhic
Acid.) A very bitter acid contained in the
ipecac root, composed of C₁H8O6+H0.
14
CEPHAËLIS IPECACUANHA. The
plant from which the officinal ipecac root
is obtained. See Ipecacuanha.
CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTAL-
IS. See Button-Bush.
CEPHALIC. A medicine for head-
ache or other disorders of the head.
CERA ALBA. (White Wax.) Yellow
bees wax bleached by exposure to moisture,
air, and light.
CERA FLAVA. (Yellow Wax.) The
honeycomb of the hive-bee, Apis mellifica.
peculiar concrete substance or prepared
CERACEOUS. Waxlike; partaking
of the nature of wax.
CERASIN.
CENTIFOLIOUS. Having a hundred readily dissolve in it.
leaves.
CENTIGRADE. Consisting of a hun-
dred degrees; graduated into a hundred
divisions or parts.
A ther-
CENTIGRADE THERMOMETER.
mometer having the distance between the
freezing and boiling points of water divided
into one hundred degrees.
CENTIGRAMME. In French meas-
ure, the hundredth part of a gramme.
CENTILITRE. The hundredth part
of a litre; a little more than six-tenths of
a cubic inch.
CENTIMETRE. In French measure,
the hundredth part of a meter; rather
more than thirty-nine-hundredths of an
inch, English measure.
CENTRIFUGAL. Tending to recede
from the centre. In Botany, expanding
first at the summit and later at the base,
as a flower.
CENTRIPETAL. Tending toward
the centre. In Botany, expanding first at
Any gummy substance
which swells in cold water but does not
readily dissolve in it. It is a proximate
principle of gum, and is found in the gums
exuding from the cherry, apricot, peach,
and plum. It is a metagummate of lime
or tragacanthin.
CERASITE. The native muriate of
lead.
CERASUS SEROTINA. (Cerasus
Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana.) The wild
cherry tree growing in this country, the
bark of which is among the most valuable
of our indigenous remedies, possessing
tonic and sedative properties. The name
Prunus Virginiana seems to have been
been given by Linnæus to the choke-cherry,
wrongly applied to this species, having
a small tree or shrub growing in this
country.
CERASUS LAUROCERasus. (Prunus
Laurocerasus.) A small evergreen tree,
native of Asia Minor and introduced
into Europe, the leaves of which constitute
the laurocerasi folia or cherry-laurel leaves
of commerce, which possess in a mild de-
gree the properties of hydrocyanic acid.
CER
CER
113
CERASUS VIRGINIANA. See Cerasus
Serotina.
CERATUM ADIPIS. See Cerate of
Lard.
CERATUM CALAMINE. See Calamine
Cerate.
CERATUM CANTHARIDES. See Blister-
CERATA. (Cerates.) Ointments com-
posed of wax and oil, with other ingredi-
ents, for external application.
CERATE OF CANTHARIDES. See ing Cerate.
Blistering Cerate.
CERATE OF CARBONATE OF ZINC. (Ce-
ratum Zinci Carbonatis) Rub together
two ounces of precipitated carbonate of
zinc and ten ounces of ointment of lard.
A mild astringent, useful in skin com-
plaints.
CERATE OF EXTRACT OF CANTHARIDES.
(Ceratum Extracti Cantharidis.) A new
officinal intended as a substitute for the Ce-
ratum cantharidis, from which it differs
in containing an alcoholic extract of the
flies instead of the flies themselves.
CERATUM CETACEI. See Cerate, Sper-
maceti.
CERATUM RESINE. (Unguentum Re-
since, Resin Cerate, Ointment of Resin, Ba-
silicon Ointment.) Melt together, strain
through muslin, and stir till cool, resin,
ten troy ounces; yellow wax, four troy
ounces; lard, sixteen troy ounces.
CERATUM RESINE COMPOSITUM.
(Compound Resin Cerate, Deshler's Salve.)
Melt together twelve troy ounces each of
resin, suet, and yellow wax, six troy ounces
of turpentine, and seven troy ounces of
linseed oil, strain, and stir till cool. Both
this and the simple ointment are appli-
cable to the treatment of indolent ulcers.
CERATUM SABINE. (Unguentum Sa-
CERATE OF LARD. (Ceratum Adipis,
Ceratum Simplex, Simple Cerate.) Melt
together eight ounces of lard and four of
white wax, and stir till cold.
CERATE OF SPANISH FLIES. See Blis- binæ, Savine Cerate, Ointment of Savine.)
tering Plaster.
CERATE OF SUBACETATE OF LEAD.
(Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis, Unguentum
Plumbi Subacetatis Compositum, Compound
Ointment of Subacetate of Lead, Goulard's
Cerate.) An excellent remedy in excoria-
tions, burns, scalds, and chilblains, but if
kept long is apt to get rancid.
CERATE, SIMPLE. See Cerate of Lard.
CERATE, SPERMACETI. (Ceratum Ce-
tacei.) Melt together one ounce of sper-
maceti and three ounces of white wax,
then add five ounces of olive oil previously
heated and stir till cold.
CERATED GLASS OF ANTIMONY
A coal-like pulverizable mass, produced
by mixing glass of antimony, levigated
powder, with one-eighth of its weight of
melted yellow wax, and roasted over a
slow fire until it ceases to exhale vapors.
CERATOPHYLLIN. A peculiar
principle, slightly acrid, soluble in alco-
hol and boiling soda solution, obtained
from Parmelia physodes, a plant belonging
to the Lycopodiaceæ.
CERA TRIN. The bitter principle of
Iceland moss. See Cetrarin.
Pour ether on three ounces of powdered
savine in a cylindrical percolator until
the filtered liquor passes nearly colorless ;
evaporate to a syrup, and mix with twelve
troy ounces of gently heated resin cerate.
CERATUM SAPONIS. (Soap Cerate.)
Melt together two troy ounces of soap
plaster and two and a half troy ounces of
white wax; add four troy ounces of olive
oil; continue the heat a short time, and
stir till cool. Used in chronic external
inflammation.
CERATUM SIMPLEX. See Cerate of
Lard.
CERE. To wax or to cover with wax.
CERE-CLOTH. A cloth smeared with
melted wax, or with some gummy or glu-
tinous matter.
CEREUS, NIGHT-BLOOMING. See
Cactus Grandiflora.
CEREVISIÆ FERMENTUM. (Beer
Yeast.) The ferment obtained in brewing
beer. It rises in the form of froth to the
surface of beer, and subsides during the
process of fermentation.
CERII OXALAS. (Oxalate of Cerium.)
A salt which may be obtained as a pre-
8
CER
CEV
114
:
cipitate by adding solution of oxalate of
ammonia to a soluble salt of cerium. It
is used chiefly to counteract the sickness
of the stomach in pregnant women.
CERIN. (Cerotic Acid.) A principle
of white wax saponifiable with potassa.
Yields margaric and oleic acids and a fatty
matter called cerain.
CERITE. (Heavy Stone of Bastnas.)
A name given to the Swedish mineral
from which the metal cerium was first ob-
tained. It is the silicious oxide of cerium,
of a pale rose-red color, with a tinge of
yellow.
CERIUM. A metal discovered in Swe-
den in the mineral cerite, and so called
from the plant Ceres. It is of a great spe-
cific gravity, its color a grayish white, and
its texture lamellar.
CERVUS VIRGINIANUS. The common
deer, which furnishes a variety of cornu
or hartshorn.
CETACEUM. (Spermaceti.) A pecu-
liar concrete substance obtained from Phy-
seter macrocephalus or sperm whale, sepa-
rated from the oil by filtration and pres-
sure, and purified. It is employed as an
ingredient of ointments and cerates.
CETIC ACID. One of the constitu-
ents of ethalic acid, obtained from sper-
maceti.
CETIN. A name proposed for pure
spermaceti. It is composed of hydrogen,
carbon, and oxygen.
CETRARIA. A name given to the
genus of lichens to which the Iceland moss
belongs.
CETRARIA ISLANDICA. (Lichen Island-
CERIUM NITRATE. A salt of cerium, icus, Iceland Moss.) A plant or lichen
considered to be a nervine tonic, and use-growing abundantly in Iceland and on the
ful in chronic intestinal eruption, chronic mountains and in sandy plains in New
vomiting, and irritable dyspepsia.
England. It is demulcent, nutritious,
and tonic.
CERIUM OXALATE. See Cerii Oxalas.
CEROTIC ACID. See Cerin.
CEROTINE. A substance found in
wax, regarded as the alcohol of cerotic
acid. It is composed of fifty-four equiva-
lents of carbon, fifty-six of hydrogen, and
two of oxygen.
CEROTINIC ACID. An acid con-
tained in beeswax in the free state and in
Chinese wax, fusible at 170°, and com-
posed of CHO₁.
CEROXYLON ANDICOLA. A lofty
plant, growing in the South American
Andes, which produces a considerable
quantity of wax.
CEROXYLON CARNAUBA. A palm of
Brazil, which produces a wax called Car-
nauba, found on the under surface of the
leaves.
CETRARIC ACID. The true bitter
crystallizable principle of Iceland moss,
obtained from cetrarin, and composed of
2HO,C6H14O.
14°
CETRARIN. A name formerly given
to the bitter principle of Iceland moss.
It has been found to contain three distinct
substances, named respectively, cetraric
acid, which is the true bitter principle,
lichstearic acid, a substance resembling the
fatty acids, and thallochlor, a green color-
ing substance.
CETTERACH. A name for a species
of Asplenium.
CETYL. A hypothetical carbo-hydro-
gen composed of thirty-two equivalents
of carbon and thirty-three of hydrogen,
bearing the same relation to ethal that
CERULIN. Indigo dissolved in sul-ethyl bears to alcohol.
phuric acid. Used in dyeing Saxon blue.
CERUSA ACETATA. See Acetate of
Lead.
CERUSE. (Cerusa.)
of Lead.
A hydrated
CETYLIC ALCOHOL.
oxide of cetyl. See Ethal.
CEVADIC ACID. (Sabadillic Acid)
(Cerusa.) See Carbonate A peculiar volatile fatty acid obtained
from the seed of Veratrum sabadilla or
Asagræa officinalis.
CERVUS ELAPHUS. The stag or
hart; the animal from which hartshorn or
cornu is obtained.
CEVADILLA. (Sabadilla) The seed
of a plant variously denominated Vera-
CEY
CHA
115
trum officinale, Helonias officinalis, and
Asagræa officinalis, a plant growing in
Mexico and the West Indies. They are
a drastic emeto-cathartic.
CEYLON CARDAMOM. (Cardamo-
mum Longum, Cardamomum Medium, Car-
damomum Majus, Wild Cardamom, Elet-
taria Major.) Cardamom derived from a
plant cultivated in Candy, Ceylon. Its
effects are analogous to those of the offici-
nal cardamom.
CEYLON CINNAMON. The cinnamon
cultivated in the island of Ceylon, with
which our markets are chiefly supplied.
CEYLON GAMBOGE. Gamboge derived
from the Hebradendron cambogioides or
Cambogia gutta, used in Ceylon as a pig-
ment and purgative.
CEYLON MOSS. A delicate fucus (Gi-
gartina lichenoides) growing on the coast
of Ceylon. It abounds in starch and vege-
table jelly, and is applicable to the same
purposes as the Irish moss.
iron; any preparation into which iron
enters.
CHALYBEATE BREAD. Bread contain-
ing about one grain of lactate of iron to
the ounce. Used in the hospitals of Paris.
CHALYBEATE PLASTER. (Emplastrum
Ferri, Emplastrum Roborans, Plaster of
Iron, Strengthening Plaster.)
Melt to-
gether six ounces of Burgundy pitch and
twenty-four ounces of lead plaster; then
add three ounces of subcarbonate of iron
and stir till cool.
CHALYBEATE WATERS. Waters char-
acterized by a strong inky taste, and by
striking a black color with infusion of
galls and a blue one with ferrocyanide of
potassium. It is generally in the state of
carbonate of the protoxide, held in solution
by excess of carbonic acid.
CHAMÆDRYS. (Germander, Teu-
crium Chamædrys.) A small labiate Eu-
ropean plant, the leaves and tops of which
are bitter, astringent, somewhat aromatic,
and were employed in uterine, rheumatic,
and gouty affections.
CHÆROPHYLLINA. An alkaloid
contained in the Charophyllum bulbosum
or cow parsley.
CHÆROPHYLLUM SATIVUM. the ancients to fresh chamomile flowers,
See Anthriscus Cerefolium.
CHALCITE. Sulphate of iron of a red
color, so far calcined as to have lost a con-
siderable part of its acid.
CHALK. A well-known calcareous
earth, of an opaque white color, soft, and
admitting no polish. It contains a large
portion of carbonic acid, and is a variety
of carbonate of lime. It is used as an ab-
sorbent and antacid.
Black chalk is a
CHAMÆMELUM. A name given by
from their smell being like that of the
apple. The Spanish name is manzanilla
(a little apple).
CHAMÆPITYS. See Ajuga Chame-
pitys.
CHAMELEON MINERAL. A name
by which permanganate of potassa is some-
times called.
The
CHAMOIS. An animal of the goat
kind, whose skin is made into soft leather,
species of earth used by painters for draw-called chamois or chamois leather.
ing on blue paper. Red chalk is an indu-
rated clayey ochre used by painters and
artificers. French chalk is steatite or
soapstone, a soft magnesian mineral.
CHALK MIXTURE. (Mistura Cretœ.)
Prepared chalk, one-half ounce; sugar,
two drachms; gum Arabic, two drachms;
cinnamon water, four ounces; water, four
ounces. Mix.
CHALK, PREPARED. (Cretæ Preparata.)
Chalk freed from its impurities by elutri-
ation, and dried in small masses.
CHAMOMILE. (Anthemis )
flowers of Anthemis nobilis, an herbaceous
European plant, growing wild in some
parts of this country; called in France
Roman chamomile. It is a mild tonic.
CHAMOMILE, GERMAN. (Matricaria.)
The flowers of Matricaria chamomilla, a
European plant, cultivated in our gardens.
Like chamomile, it is a mild tonic.
CHAMOMILE, WILD. (Cotula, May-
weed.) The herb of Anthemis cotula or
Maruta cotula, an annual plant having a
CHALYBEATE. Impregnated with disagreeable odor, growing abundantly in
CHA
CHE
116
this country and Europe, and possessed of
the same properties as chamomile, for
which it may be substituted.
CHAMPAGNE. A sparkling wine.
CHANCRE. A venereal ulcer.
CHARCOAL. Coal made by charring
wood; the remains of wood burnt under
turf or in other circumstances to exclude
air, and from which all watery and other
volatile matter has been expelled by heat.
It makes a strong heat, and is used in
furnaces, forges, private families, &c., &c.
See Carbon.
malis.
bisulphide of carbon or a solution of resin
with finely-powdered and well-dried
black mustard, deprived of its oil, and
passing the paper thus covered between
two cylinders.
CHARTE. (Papers.) Powder papers.
CHASTE TREE. The Agnus castus
or vitex.
CHAUFFER.
A small furnace; a
cylindrical box of sheet iron, open at the
top, with a grate near the bottom. Used
in chemical laboratories.
CHAULMOOGRA. (Gynocardia Odor-
CHARCOAL, ANIMAL. See Carbo Ani- ata.) An East India plant, the fruit of
which has been used as a remedy in leprosy
of the East, and in constitutional syphilis.
CHAY ROOT. The root of the Olden-
landia umbellata. Used in giving the
beautiful red to the Madras cottons. It
is also called Chaya root and Choy root.
CHECKER BERRY. (Winter Clover,
CHARCOAL FILTERING-PAPER. A paper
which serves the double purpose of clari-
fying and decolorizing liquids. It is
prepared by incorporating powdered ani- |
mal charcoal with the pulp out of which
paper is made.
CHARCOAL POULTICE. See Cataplasma Partridge Berry, Mitchella Repers.) A
Carbonis.
CHARCOAL, PURE. See Carbon.
CHARCOAL QUILT. Two sheets of cotton
wadding quilted together, with a thick
layer of powdered charcoal between them.
Used in St Bartholomew's Hospital.
CHARCOAL RESPIRATOR. An instru-
ment consisting of a layer of coarsely-
powdered charcoal, a quarter of an inch|
thick, between two sheets of silvered wire
gauze, covered with thin woollen cloth,
by means of which the temperature of the
inspired air is greatly increased. It is
considered an air filter and preventive
against infection.
CHARLATAN. A quack; one who
prates much in his own favor, and makes
unwarrantable pretensions to skill; an
empiric.
CHARNECO. A kind of sweet wine.
CHARPIE. A dressing for wounds,
used by French surgeons, consisting of
bundles of straight threads, made by un-
ravelling old coarse linen.
small evergreen, creeping about the roots
of trees, having properties similar to those
of the pipsisseway, and may be substituted
for that plant. It has been used by Indian
squaws to facilitate parturition. It must
not be confounded with wintergreen or
Gaultheria procumbens.
CHEESE RENNET. (Galium Verum,
Yellow Ladies' Bedstraw.) A species of
Galium, native of Europe, closely allied
to the American species, Galium tincto-
rium. Used in cutaneous affections, and for
dyeing yellow and red. It is used for
coloring cheese rennet. It contains the
same principles as the Galium aparine.
CHELE CANCRORUM. (Crabs'
Claws.) Crabs' claws, prepared by levi-
gation and elutriation, so as to bring them
to a fine powder. They are used as an
absorbent and antacid.
An alkaline
CHELERYTHRIA,
CHELERYTHRIN. principle, capa-
ble of forming neutral salts with the acids,
obtained from the plant Chelidonium ma-
CHARTA EPISPASTICA. Sec Blis- jus or Celandine.
tering Cloth.
CHARTA SINAPINATA. (Mustard Pa-
per.) Paper prepared by covering it-
sized with a solution of caoutchouc in
An alkaline prin-
CHELIDONIA:ciple, obtained from
CHELIDONIN.
the plant Chelidonium majus, which unites
with acids, but does not neutralize them.
CHE
CHE
117
CHELIDONIC ACID.
A peculiar mutual action of all natural bodies; which
acid, obtained from the plant Chelidonium | investigates the composition of material
majus or Celandine.
CHELIDONINIC ACID. An acid
lately isolated by Zwenger from the Che-
lidonium majus.
GLAUCUM.
A
CHELIDONIUM
plant, the extract of which is used to adul-
terate Turkey opium.
CHELIDOXANTHIN. A yellow,
neutral, crystallizable, bitter principle,
obtained from Chelidonium majus.
CHELONE GLABRA. (Snake-head,
Turtle-head.) A common, perennial, her-
baceous plant, from one to two feet high,
resembling the head of a snake or tortoise.
The leaves have a bitter taste, and are
said to be tonic and aperient, with a pecu-
liar action on the liver.
substances, and the permanent changes of
constitution which their mutual actions.
produce; a science whose object is the dis-
covery and explanation of the changes of
composition that occur among the inte-
grant and constituent parts of different
bodies; a science which treats of those
events and changes in natural bodies
which are not accompanied by sensible
motions; which relates to those operations
by which the intimate nature of bodies is
changed, or by which they acquire new
properties. Analysis, or decomposition,
and synthesis, or combination, are the two
methods which Chemistry uses to accom-
plish its purposes. A science, but its prac-
tical operations may be denominated an
CHELONIN.
from Chelone glabra.
CHELTENHAM SALT, ARTIFI-
CIAL. A salt prepared in imitation of
the salts contained in the Cheltenham cha-
lybeate water, the solid contents of a wine
pint of which are 0.5 grains of carbonate
of soda, 22.7 grains of sulphate of soda, 6
grains of sulphate of magnesia, 2.5 grains
of sulphate of lime, 41.3 grains of oxide
of iron. Useful in glandular obstruc-
tions of the liver and in scrofulous affec-
tions.
A resinoid prepared art.
CHELTENHAM WATER. See Chelten-
ham Salt, Artificial.
CHELTENHAM WATER, PURE SALINE.
A pure saline water, a wine pint of which
contains 15 grains sulphate of soda, 11
grains sulphate of magnesia, 4.5 grains
sulphate of lime, and 50 grains of common
salt.
CHEMICAL FOOD. A syrup of the
phosphates of iron, soda, lime, &c. See
Compound Syrup of Phosphates, U. S. Disp.
CHEMICALLY CLEAN. A body is
said to be chemically clean when its sur-
face is entirely free from any substance
foreign to its own composition.
CHEMISTRY. A science whose ob-
ject is the discovery of the nature and
properties of all bodies by analysis and
synthesis, which explains the intimate
CHENOPODIACEÆ. A family of
plants including the genera Chenopodium,
Atriplex, and Salicorina.
CHENOPODINA. A white, odorless,
and tasteless powder, soluble in 11 parts
cold water, and in 202 parts cold alcohol,
or 77 parts boiling alcohol; obtained from
Chenopodium.
CHENOPODIUM. (Wormseed.) The
fruit of Chenopodium anthelminticum,
one of our most efficient indigenous an-
thelmintics.
CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES. An in-
digenous plant, the seeds of which are
used indiscriminately with those of Cheno-
podium anthelminticum.
CHENOPODIUM ANTHELMINTICUM.
(Wormseed, Jerusalem Oak.) An indig-
enous perennial plant, from two to five
feet high, growing in all parts of the
United States, the seeds of which contain
a volatile oil upon which their medicinal
virtues depend.
CHENOPODIUM BOTRYS. (Jerusalem
Oak.) A species of Chenopodium possess-
ing anthelmintic properties.
CHERRY BIRCH. See Betula Lenta.
CHERRY-LAUREL LEAVES. See
Cerasus Laurocerasus.
CHERRY-LAUREL WATER. (Aqua
Laurocerasi.) Macerate one pound of
CHE
CHI
118
fresh crushed cherry-laurel leaves in two ate of ammonia, ss.; water, 3iv; muri-
pints and a half of water for twenty-four atic acid, fzj; alcohol, fiss.
hours; then distil one pint of liquid, shake, morning and evening.
filter, preserve in a well-stoppered bottle.
It is a sedative narcotic, identical with
diluted hydrocyanic acid.
CHERVIL. See Anthriscus Cerefolium.
CHESTNUT OAK. Species of Quer-
cus, of which the Quercus pinus is the white
chestnut oak, and Quercus montana the
rock chestnut oak, both of which possess
properties equal to officinal oaks.
CHIA. A beautiful Mexican plant.
CHIAN. Pertaining to Chios, an isle
in the Levant.
CHIAN EARTH. A medicinal, dense,
compact kind of earth, from Chios. Used
anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic.
CHIAN TURPENTINE. (Pistacia Tere-
binthus.) Turpentine obtained from a
small tree, the Pistachia terebinthus,
growing in Chio or Scio, by incisions into
its bark. On exposure to the air it
speedily thickens, and ultimately becomes
concrete, in consequence of the loss of its
volatile oil.
CHICKWEED. The popular name of
a species of Stellaria. The common chick-
weed with white blossoms affords a re-
markable instance of the sleep of plants,
for at night the leaves approach in pairs
and inclose the tender rudiments of the
young shoots. The leaves are cooling and
nutritive, and are deemed excellent food for
persons predisposed to consumption. They
are deemed also useful for swelled breasts.
CHICORY. (Succory, Cichorium In-
tybus.) A perennial herbaceous plant,
one or two feet high, native of Europe,
but introduced into this country. It is
tonic and aperient; the dried root is said
to be used largely for the adulteration of
coffee. The garden endive is a species
called Cichorium endivia.
CHIENDENT. (Triticum Repens,
Couch Grass, Dog Grass, Quickens.) A
perennial European plant, very common
in gardens, the root of which is used
largely in the hospitals of Paris as an
aperient and nutritive..
CHILBLAIN LOTION. B. Muri-
Apply
CHILLIES. An English name for the
fruit of Capsicum annuum.
CHIMAPHILA. The name of a genus
of plants, including Pipsisseway. It was
formerly called Pyrola.
CHIMAPHILA MACULATA. (Spotted
Wintergreen.) A species of Chimaphila
thought to possess properties similar to
those of C. umbellata.
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA. (Pyrola
Umbellata.) The Pipsisseway, a small
evergreen plant, formerly belonging to
the genus Pyrola, growing in all parts of
this country. It possesses diuretic, tonic,
and astringent properties.
CHIMAPHILIN. A peculiar whitish
substance, obtained from the leaves of
Chimaphila umbellata by agitating a tinc-
ture of them with chloroform, allowing
it to stand, removing the lighter liquid,
and evaporating the chloroformic solution.
CHIMOGENE. A compound pro-
posed as a substitute for rhigolene, ob-
tained from the volatile and gaseous prod-
ucts of petroleum.
CHINA ROOT. The root of a species
of Smilax, native of China, called Smilax
China, used for similar purposes with the
officinal sarsaparilla. It is without odor,
and of a taste flat at first, but afterwards.
very slightly bitterish and somewhat acrid,
like that of sarsaparilla.
CHINA WAX. A wax called Pe-la by
the Chinese. It resembles spermaceti in
whiteness and appearance. It has been
ascertained to be the product of an insect
of the genus Coccus, which fixes itself to
the branches of a tree, the Fraxinus Chi-
nensis. It is purified by melting and
straining.
CHINCAPIN. See Castanea.
CHINESE CAMPHOR. The cheap-
est and most abundant camphor, produced
in the island of Formosa, and taken from
thence to Canton, China. It has occurred
in commerce adulterated with muriate of
ammonia.
CHINESE CINNAMON. The kind of cin-
CHI
CHL
119
namon chiefly kept in our shops. It has
a stronger, more pungent and astringent,
but less sweet and grateful taste than the
Ceylon cinnamon, and is of a redder and
darker color.
CHINESE GALLS. A kind of galls
brought from China, supposed to be formed
by an insect allied to the Aphis. Their
true source is supposed to be a species of
Rhus. They contain sixty-five per cent.
of tannic acid. The Chinese use them for
dyeing and in medicine.
CHINESE RHUBARB. (India Rhubarb,
Rheum Sinense, Rheum Indicum.) The
variety which constitutes the largest pro-
portion of rhubarb consumed in this coun-
try. It is somewhat inferior to the Rus-
sian, though considerably cheaper.
CHINESE SUGAR CANE. See Sorghum
Saccharatum.
CHINIDINE. (Quinidine.) One of
the cinchona alkaloids.
CHINOIDINE.
Quinia.
See Amorphous
CHIOCOCCA ANGUIFUGA.
Cahinca.
See
CHLORATE. A compound of chloric
acid with a salifiable base.
CHLORATE OF POTASSA.
(Hyperoxy-
muriate of Potassa, Chlorate of Potassium.)
A salt obtained by the reaction of solu-
tions of chloride of potassium and hyper-
chlorite of lime with the assistance of
heat. It is found useful in scarlatina,
diphtheria, &c., and externally in in-
dolent ulcers.
CHLORATE OF QUINIA A salt formed
by the evaporation and crystallization of
a solution of chlorate of baryta in boiling
water with sulphate of quinine, the appli-
cation of heat, and the addition of a little
carbonate of baryta.
CHLORIC. Pertaining to chlorine or
obtained from it, as chloric acid.
CHLORIC ACID. An acid composed of
chlorine and oxygen, in which the oxygen
is in excess.
CHLORIC ETHER. A solution of chloro-
form in alcohol of variable proportions.
CHLORIDE. A non-acid compound
of chlorine with another element.
CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM.
CHIRAYTA. See Agathotes Chirayta.
CHIRETIN. A peculiar bitter sub-monia Hydrochlorate.
stance having the formula С52H8030, ob-
tained from the Ophelia chirayta.
CHIRETTA. See Chirayta.
CHIRONIA ANGULARIS. See
American Centaury.
CHIRONIUM CENTAURIUM. See
Centaury, European.
CHLORETHYLIDENE. An anæs-
thetic agent, composed of CH4Cl₂, pre-
pared by adding gradually aldehyde to
pentachloride of phosphorus, contained in
a retort, kept cool. Oxychloride of phos-
phorus and chloræthylidene are formed.
It resembles chloride of ethylene, with
which it appears isomeric.
CHLORAL. A liquid compound of
chlorine, carbon, and oxygen, obtained by
the action of chlorine upon alcohol. Com-
bined with water it forms hydrate of chloral,
which is very soluble in water, and which
has become quite popular as an anodyne
and soporific.
See Am-
CHLORIDE OF ARSENIC SOLUTION.
See Arsenical Solution, De Valangin's.
CHLORIDE OF BARIUM. See Barii
Chloridum.
CHLORIDE OF BARIUM SOLUTION.
(Liquor Barii Chloridi.) Dissolve one
ounce of chloride of barium in three
ounces of distilled water, and filter.
CHLORIDE OF BROMINE. See Brominii
Chloridum.
CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM.
Chloridum.
CHLORIDE
See Calcii
OF CALCIUM SOLUTION.
(Liquor Calcii Chloridi, Solution of Muri-
ate of Lime.) Gradually add six troy
ounces of marble in small pieces to twelve
troy ounces of muriatic acid, diluted with
half a pint of distilled water, and when
effervescence has nearly ceased apply a
gentle heat, and when the action has
ceased pour off the clear liquid, evaporate
to dryness, and dissolve the residue in one
and a half times its weight of distilled
CHL
CHL
120
water, and filter through paper.
and deobstruent.
Tonic by dissolving the salt in its weight of
CHLORIDE OF ETHYL. See Ether
Muriaticus.
CHLORIDE of Gold. A metallic salt,
obtained by dissolving gold in three times |
its weight of nitromuriatic acid with the
aid of a moderate heat. The solution by
the aid of a gentle heat is evaporated
nearly to dryness.
water.
CHLORIDE OF MERCURY AND QUINIA.
(Hydrargyri et Quinia Chloridum.)
CHLORIDE OF POTASSA SOLUTION.
(Javelle's Water, Eau de Javelle.) See
Liquor Potassæ Chlorinatæ, U. S. Disp.
CHLORIDE OF SILVER. (Argenti Chlori-
dum.) A salt prepared by adding a solu-
tion of common salt to a solution of nitrate
of silver, as long as it produces a precipi-
tate.
CHLORIDE OF SODA SOLUTION. (Liquor
Soda Chlorate, Solution of Chlorinated
Soda, Labarraque's Disinfecting Solution.)
See Liquor Soda Chlorinatæ, U. S. Disp.
It is a stimulant, antiseptic, and resol-
vent.
CHLORIDE OF GOLD AND SODIUM. A
double salt, prepared by dissolving four
parts of gold in nitromuriatic acid, evap-
orating to dryness, and dissolving the
dry mass in eight times its weight of dis-
tilled water. To this solution, one part
of decrepitated common salt is added, pre-
viously dissolved in four parts of water.
The mixed solution is then evaporated to
dryness, being in the meantime constantly
stirred with a glass rod. It is of a gol- Salt.)
It is of a gol-
den yellow collor, and when crystallized
is in long prismatic crystals and unalter-
able in the air. It is used in syphilis.
CHLORIDE OF SODIUM. (Sodii Chlori-
dum, Muriate of Soda, Sea Salt, Common
Salt.) Common salt is a stimulant tonic
and anthelmintic, purgative, and emetic.
It consists of one equivalent of chlorine
and one of sodium.
CHLORIDE OF IRON. (Ferri Chloridum, CHLORIDE OF TIN. A chloride prepared
Sesquichloride of Iron, Perchloride of Iron.) | by heating tin and muriatic acid together.
A salt of a crystalline structure, an orange Recommended for local application in
yellow color, inodorous, and of a strong gonorrhoea and purulent discharges from
chalybeate and styptic taste. It is deli- the vagina.
quescent, and soluble in water, alcohol,
and ether. It consists of two equivalents of
iron and three of chlorine. It is obtained
by converting the protochloride into the
sesquichloride by treating it with muriatic
and nitric acids, and heating till red fumes
cease to escape. It is given internally,
chiefly in the form of Tinctura Ferri Chlo-
ridi.
CHLORIDE OF ZINC. (Zinci Chloridum,
Butter of Zinc.) A salt, which may be
obtained from the double decomposition
between solutions of chloride of barium
and sulphate of zinc. The chloride of zinc
remains in solution, which is evaporated,
when flaky crystals are produced.
CHLORIDE OF ZINC SOLUTION. (Liquor
Zinci Chloridi.) Zinc dissolved by muri-
CHLORIDE OF IRON TINCTURE. (Tinc-atic acid, and solution of chlorine added
tura Ferri Perchloridi, Ferri Muriatis
Tinctura, Tincture of Perchloride of Iron)
See Tincture of Muriate of Iron, U. S.
Disp.
to convert any iron present into the ses-
quichloride, from which it is precipitated
by carbonate of zinc. It is then brought
to a certain bulk by the addition of water,
CHLORIDE OF LIME. See Calcis Chlori- and filtered.
dum.
CHLORI LIQUOR. (Chlorine Water.)
See U. S. Disp.
CHLORINATED
ANESTHETIC
CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM. (Magnesii
Chloridum, Muriate of Magnesia.). A
bitter and very deliquescent salt, said to COMPOUNDS. See Anæsthetics.
act mildly as a purgative, producing a
flow of bile and an increase of appetite.
It is given in the liquid form, prepared
CHLORINATED CHLOROHYDRIC ETHER.
(Chlorinated Muriatic Ether.)
A com-
pound, colorless, neuter liquid, having an
CHL
CHL
121
ethereal odor and hot, saccharine taste, | the two gases to the direct solar rays. It
possessing anæsthetic properties similar to has also been called Phosgene gas.
chloroform. Its local action is that of a CHLOROCYANIC.
powerful sedative.
CHLORINATED LIME. See Calcis Chlo-
ridum.
CHLORINATED LIME SOLUTION.
Liquor Calcis Chloratæ.
CHLORINATED MURIATIC ETHER.
Chlorinated Chlorohydric Ether.
chlorine and cyanogen.
Composed of
CHLOROCYANOGEN. A compound
formed by passing a slow current of chlo-
See rine through a solution of one part hydro-
cyanic acid in four parts anhydrous ether.
See Viscid drops form on the sides of the
vessel, and after twenty-four hours become
CHLORINATED SODA SOLUTION. See crystalline groups. The bromocyanogen
Chloride of Soda Solution.
CHLORINATED SOLUTION OF MAGNESIA.
Dissolve eight ounces of Epsom salts in
two pints of water; then triturate in a
mortar four ounces of chlorinated lime
with four ounces of water. Mix the solu-
tions, agitate, let stand twelve hours; then
pour off the clear liquor.
may be prepared in a similar manner.
CHLORODYN. A preparation com-
posed of chloroform, chloric ether, tincture
of capsicum, oil of peppermint, muriate of
morphia, hydrocyanic acid, perchloric
acid, tincture of Indian hemp, and molas-
ses, in variable proportions.
CHLOROFORM. (Chloroformum,
CHLORINE. An elementary gaseous Chloroformum Purificatum, Terchloride of
fluid, formerly called oxymuriatic gas. It Formyl, Purified Chloroform.) A com-
is of a greenish-yellow color and charac-pound of chlorine and formyl, consisting
teristic smell and taste. Its specific grav- of three equivalents of the former to one
ity is 2.47 and equivalent number 35.5 of the latter. It was first obtained by
It forms about sixty per cent. of common distillation from chlorinated lime and al-
salt, and is a powerful agent in bleaching cohol, rectifying the product by redistilla-
and disinfecting.
tion, first from a great excess of chlorinated
CHLORINE POULTICE. See Cataplasma lime, and afterwards from carbonate of
Soda Chloratæ.
potassa.
CHLORINE WATER. See Aqua Chlo-
rinii.
CHLORIODIC ACID,
A compound
CHLOROFORM ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION.
(Strong Chloric Ether.) See Alcoholic
Solution of Chloroform.
CHLORIODINE.
S of
chlorine
and iodine.
CHLOROFORM, COMMERCIAL. (Chloro-
formum Venale, Impure Chloroform.) Chlo-
roform containing such impurities as
CHLORITE. A salt formed of chlorous alcohol and ether may be detected by
acid and a base.
CHLOROAURATE OF AMMONIA.
A salt, formed by dissolving one part of
terchloride of gold and two parts of mu-
riate of ammonia in distilled water, assisted
by a few drops of nitromuriatic acid, and
evaporating the solution to dryness by a
gentle heat.
CHLOROCARBON. A title given to
the bichloride or tetrachloride of carbon.
See Bichloride of Carbon.
CHLOROCARBONIC, }
The terms
CHLOROCARBONOUS. J applied to
an acid composed of chlorine and carbonic
oxide, formed by exposing a mixture of
dropping into distilled water a small
quantity. If pure, it will remain trans-
parent at the bottom of the glass; but if
it contain a small proportion of alcohol,
the globules will acquire a milky appear-
ance. If, also, by agitating chloroform
with a little of the binitrosulphuret of
iron, and it be allowed to stand, a brown
tint is produced, there is alcohol present.
CHLOROFORM, METHYLIC. Chloroform
prepared by the action of chlorinated lime
on pyroxylic or wood spirit.
CHLOROFORM, NORMAL. Chloroform
prepared by the action of chlorinated lime
on alcohol.
CHL
CHO
122
·
CHLOROFORM, VENALE. See Chloro-ingly soluble in alcohol and ether, but
form, Commercial.
freely soluble in chloroform, the bisulphide.
CHLOROGENATE OF POTASSA of carbon, and in the liquid hydrocarbons.
AND CAFFEIN. A double salt, exist-
ing in coffee, consisting of chlorogenic
acid combined with potassa and caffein.
CHLOROGENIC ACID. An acid
contained in coffee, composed of C₁HO,.
(Caffeotannic Acid.)
8 7
CHLORURET. A name formerly given
to what is now called chloride.
CHOCOLATE. A paste or cake com-
posed of the roasted kernel of the cacao,
with other ingredients, usually a little
sugar, cinnamon, or vanilla. The nut is
CHLOROHYDRIC ACID. (Muriatic first ground fine, mixed with the ingre-
dients, and put into a mould.
Acid.)
ACID.
CHLOROHYDROCYANIC
An acid composed of C₂H₂N, CI5.
CHLOROMETER. An instrument for
testing the decoloring or bleaching powers
of chloride of lime.
Methylen.
CHOKE-CHERRY. A small tree or
shrub, growing in the Northern States,
bearing a dark-red, globular, astringent
fruit, as large as that of the wild cherry.
CHOLAGOGUE. A medicine that
CHLOROMETHYL. See Bichloride of has the specific quality of evacuating bile.
CHOLALIC ACID. An acid obtained
CHLOROMETRY. The process for by decomposing cholic, or glycocholic, and
testing the bleaching power of any combi-choleic, or taurocholic, acids, by alkalies.
nation of chlorine.
and heat. Its formula is C4H10O10-
CHLOROPAL.
(Green Opal.) A
greenish earthy mineral, consisting of
silica and oxide of iron, with eighteen to
twenty per cent. of water.
CHLOROPHANE. A variety of fluor-
spar from Siberia. When placed on a
heated iron, it gives a beautiful emerald-
green light.
CHLOROPHYLL. A green resin or
peculiar principle, analogous to the natural
fats, obtained from elaterium, or the sub-
stance deposited from the juice of the
squirting cucumber.
CHLOROPLATINATES. Com-
pounds of platinic chloride and other
chlorides.
com-
CHLOROUS ACID. An acid
posed of chlorine and oxygen, in which
the chlorine is in excess.
CHLOROVALERIANIC. A com-
pound of chlorine and valerianic acid.
CHLOROXALIC ACID. A term
formerly employed for chloracetic acid.
CHLOROXALIC ETHER. An oxalic ether
containing chlorine instead of hydrogen.
CHLORSULPHOFORM. A com-
pound discovered during the production of
chloride of carbon. It has the composition
of C₁Cl₂S. It forms yellowish needles,
possesses a peculiar pleasant taste, is spar-
CHOLEIC ACID. (Taurocholic Acid.)
An uncrystallizable sulphuretted acid, con-
taining nitrogen, obtained from the bile
of the ox.
Its formula is C52H45NS2014-
CHOLEINATE OF SODA. (Soda
Choleinas.) An impure chemical salt,
prepared from ox-gall. It is a natural
constituent of bile.
CHOLEPYRRHIN. The coloring prin-
ciple of ox-bile.
CHOLESTERIN. A fatty substance,
resembling spermaceti, found in the bile
and biliary concretions.
CHOLIC ACID. (Glycocholic Acid.)
A nitrogenous acid, free from sulphur,
obtained from the bile of the ox.
mula, C52H43NO12-
For-
CHOLIN. A name given to a prin-
ciple called the energetic base of the bile
of the ox.
CHOLINIC ACID. A resinous acid,
obtained from bilin by the action of acids.
CHOLOIDIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained by the action of acids and a boiling
heat on cholic acid.
CHONDRODITE. A light-yellow
brilliant mineral, called also Brucite, con-
sisting of silica, fluorine, and magnesia.
CHONDROGEN. A gelatinous prin-
ciple contained in permanent cartilage.
CHO
CHR
123
CHONDRUS. (Irish Moss, Carrageen.)
Chondrus crispus, Sphærococcus crispus,
or Fucus crispus, is a flat, slender, carti-
laginous frond, a native of Europe and
this country, growing upon rocks upon
the seacoasts. It is nutritive and demul-
cent.
CHONDRUS CRISPUS. See Chondrus.
CHOPIN. A liquid measure in France,
containing nearly a pint, Winchester
measure. In Scotland, a quart of wine
measure.
ate of potassa is heated with four of sul-
phuric acid.
CHROMIUM ALUM. This compound is
obtained in abundance in the manufacture
of aniline green and violet, and of valeri-
anic acid.
CHROMIUM SESQUIOXIDE. This com-
pound is obtained in the form of an ex-
tremely voluminous powder; one part of
picric acid and two parts of bichromate of
ammonia are intimately mixed and ig-
nited. The experiment is well adapted
pose it is well to place a large sheet of
white paper under the capsule in which
the combustion is conducted.
CHORIZANTHE PEDUNCU- for lecture experiments, for which pur-
LARIS. A small shrub, numerously
branched at its base, abounding on the
Cordilleras of Coquimbo at a height of ten
thousand feet. It is used in Chili for
various purposes.
CHRISTMAS ROSE. See Black Hel- chromium and cyanogen and a base. Of
lebore.
} of
CHROMOCYANOGENS. Several
compounds have been obtained containing
these the chromocyanide of potassium is
the most definite. It is prepared by the
action of pure cyanide of potassium on
chrome alum, has a composition of 3KCy,
CrCy,, is crystallizable, soluble in water
and dilute alcohol, and insoluble in strong
alcohol.
UM.
CHROMATE. A salt or compound
formed by chromic acid with a base.
CHROMATE OF POTASSA. A salt, ob-
tained by igniting four parts of powdered
chrome iron ore with one part of nitre,
and lixiviating the resulting mass with
water, then evaporating to crystallization. CHRYSAMIC ACID. An acid, pre-
CHROME,
A metal, consisting pared by the action of nitric acid on aloes.
CHROMIUM. of a porous mass of
CHRYSANTHEMUM PARTHENI-
agglutinated grains, very hard, brittle,
(Pyrethrum Parthenium, Matri-
and of a grayish-white color. Its texture caria Parthenium, Feverfew.)
A small,
is radiated. In its highest degree of oxi- perennial, herbaceous plant, native of
dation it passes into the state of an acid, Europe, but cultivated in this country,
of a ruby-red color. It takes its name resembling chamomile in the appearance
from the various and beautiful colors of its flowers and in its medical virtues.
which its oxide and acid communicate to || Matricaria parthenoides is a closely allied
substances into whose composition they
enter. Chrome is employed to give a fine
deep green to the enamel of porcelain,
glass, &c. The oxide of chrome is of a
bright grass-green or pale yellow color.
CHROME GREEN. A mixture of
chrome yellow and Prussian blue.
species.
CHRYSEN. A yellow micaceous sub-
stance, in composition a carbohydrogen,
obtained by exhaustion with ether the part
soluble of a waxy substance resulting from
the distillation of oil of amber.
CHRYSOCOLLA. A name given by
the Greeks to borax, and also to the
green or blue carbonate of copper.
CHROME YELLOW. A neutral chro-
mate of lead, prepared by precipitating a
solution of the nitrate of lead with chro- CHRYSOPHANE. (Chrysophanic
mate of potassa.
Acid.) A constituent of rhubarb, com-
CHROMIC ACID. See Chrome, or posed of twenty equivalents of carbon,
Acid, Chromic.
eight of hydrogen, and six of oxygen,
CHROMIUM ALUM. A compound said to be the chief ingredient of the col-
formed when one equivalent of bicarbon-oring matter produced by the action of
CHR
CIN
124
CHRYSOPHANIC ACID. See Chrys-
nitric acid on rhubarb, called Erythrose. Myrrhus odorata; the Sweet Cicely of New
It is feebly acid.
England is the Osmorrhiza longistylis.
CICENDELA. A title formerly given
to a genus of vesicating insects, not in-
cluding the officinal species. It was sub-
stituted for the title Meloe.
ophane.
CHRYSOPHYLLUM GLYCY-
PHLEUM. A tree, growing in the
forests near Rio Janeiro, from the bark of
which a vegetable extract called Monesia
is obtained, the effects of which are those
of a moderate stomachic excitant, altera-
tive, and a feeble astringent.
CHRYSORETIN. A peculiar yellow
resin found in senna.
CHULARIOSE. (Fruit Sugar, Inverse
Sugar, Levulose, Uncrystallizable Sugar.)
Sugar as it exists in fruit. An isomeric
form of glucose found in honey and the
juice of fruits. It is generated from cane
sugar by solution in water or weak acids,
and long boiling.
CHUNAM. The name in India for lime.
CHURCH HILL ALUM WATER.
Water from a spring in Richmond, Vir-
ginia, a wine gallon of which contains
2.444 grains sulphate of potassa, 1.943
grains sulphate of soda, 4.627 grains chlor-
ide of sodium, 0.643 grains sulphate of
ammonia, 88.836 grains sulphate of lime,
86.064 grains sulphate of magnesia, 72.928
grains tersulphate of alumina, 24.991
grains sulphate of protoxide of iron, 51.270
grains tersulphate of sesquioxide of iron,
83.355 grains bisulphate of sesquioxide of
iron, 10.429 grains silica, and a trace of
phosphoric acid.
CHURRUS. The resinous substance
which exudes on the surface of the leaves
of the Indian hemp plant (Cannabis sativa).
It is rolled into balls, and presents a
blackish-gray, blackish-green, or dirty
olive color, and is of a fragrant and nar-
cotic odor, and a slightly warm, bitterish,
and acrid taste.
CHYAZIC. A term applied sometimes
to the compounds of hydrocyanic acid.
CICATRIZANT. A medicine or ap-
plication that promotes the formation of
a cicatrix. These medicines are called also
escharotics.
CICELY. A plant, a species of Charo-
phyllum. The Sweet Cicely of Europe is
CICER ARIETINUM. The chick-
pea, a plant, the bristles of which contain
considerable free oxalic acid.
CICHORIUM ENDIVIA. See Chicory.
CICHORIUM INTYBUS. See Chicory.
CICUTA. A term often, though im-
properly, applied to the Conium macula-
tum. It belongs to or constitutes a dif-
ferent species. See Cicuta Virosa.
CICUTA VIROSA. (Cowbane, Water
Hemlock.) A perennial, umbelliferous
European plant, proving fatally poisonous
to most animals which feed upon it,
though said to be eaten with impunity by
goats and sheep. It is an acrid narcotic.
CICUTA MACULATA. See American
Water Hemlock.
CIDER. Fermented juice of the apple,
containing 5.21 to 9.87 per cent. of alcohol.
CIMICIFUGA,
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA,
CIMICIFUGA SERPENTARIA.
See Black Snakeroot.
CIMICIFUGIN. (Macrotin.) An im-
pure resin, obtained from black snakeroot
by precipitating a saturated tincture of it
with water.
CIMOLITE. A species of clay, used
by the ancients as a remedy for erysipelas
and other inflammations. It is white, of
a loose, soft texture, moulders into a fine
powder and effervesces with acids. It is
useful in taking spots from cloth.
CINCHOLIN. (Quinolein.) An oily
liquid, produced by the condensation of
the acrid vapor obtained from cinchonia
when heated with caustic potassa. It can
also be obtained in the same manner from
quinia, quinidia, and strychnia.
CINCHONĄ. A name given to a
genus of the Peruvian bark in honor of
the Countess of Cinchon. A vast number
of plants belong to this genus, some of
which have been separated into several
groups, each constituting a distinct genus,
CIN
CIN
125
though all associated in the natural family
of Cinchonaceæ.
CINCHONA ACUTIFOLIA,
[C
AMYGDALIFOLIA,
ASPERIFOLIA,
AUSTRALIS,
"
BOLIVIANA,
แ
CADUCIFLORA,
:(
CALISAYA,
CANDOLLII,
แ
((
((
66
3
((
CARABAYENSIS,
Cava,
CHOMELIANA,
CINEREA,
CONDAMINEA,
CORDIFOLIA,
CRASSIFOLIA,
DICHOTOMA,
ERYTHRODERMA,
EXCELSA,
FLAVA,
GLANDULIFERA,
HIRSUTA,
HUMBOLDTIANA,
(
((
แ
แ
JOSEPHIANA,
66
LANCEOLATA,
"
LANCIFOLIA,
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"[
LUCUMEFOLIA,
MACROCALYX,
MACROCARPA,
MAGNIFOLIA,
MICRANTHA,
MUTISII,
MUZONENSIS,
NITIDA,
OBLONGIFOLIA,
OVALIFOLIA,
PAHUDIANA,
PALLIDA,
แ
OVATA,
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PALALBA,
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PITAYENSIS,
PUBESCENS,
PURPURASCENS,
PURPUREA,
ROTUNDIFOLIA,
RUBRA,
SCROBICULATA,
STENOCARPA,
SUCCIRUBA,
((
VILLOSA,
Titles of species of the genus Cinchona, of which the Cinchona calisaya, Cinchona condaminea, Cinchona micrantha, and Cinchona rubra are officinal.
|
CINCHONA SULPHATE. (Cinchoniæ Sul-
phas.) A salt obtained from the mother-
water remaining after the crystallization
of sulphate of quinia in the preparation of
that salt. It is nearly equal to quinine in
properties.
CINCHONACEÆ. A large family of
plants, to which the genus Cinchona be-
longs.
CINCHONIA. (Cinchonine.) A white
crystalline substance, obtained by the
action of potassa upon an alcoholic extract
of Peruvian bark.
CINCHONIA KINATE. A combination
in which cinchona or cinchonine exists in
the Peruvian bark combined with kinic
acid. It has a bitter, astringent taste,
soluble in water and alcohol, and is crys-
tallized with difficulty.
CINCHONIC ACID. (Quinic Acid,
Kinic Acid.) An acid contained in the
Peruvian bark in which it exists combined
with quinine and cinchonine.
CINCHONIC RED. The insoluble red
coloring matter of Pelletier and Caventou,
contained in the Peruvian bark. It is
reddish-brown, insipid, inodorous, largely
soluble in hot alcohol, and insoluble in
ether or water. It is said to result from
the absorption by the tannin of three
equivalents of oxygen and the elimination
of two equivalents of carbonic acid and
one of water.
CINCHONICIA. (Quinoidine, Chinoi-
dine.) See Amorphous Quinia.
CINCHONICINE. (Cinchonicia.) See
Amorphous Quinia.
CINCHONIDIA. (Cinchonidine.) An
alkaloid, isomeric with cinchonia, from
which it is derived, and from which it
differs in being more soluble in ether.
CINCHONIDINE. See Cinchonidia.
CINCHONINE. See Cinchonia.
CINCHO-TANNIC ACID. The tan-
nin, tannic acid, or soluble red coloring
matter of Peruvian bark, soluble in water
and alcohol. Said to possess all the prop-
erties which characterize the proximate
vegetable principles. It differs from the
CIN
CIS
126
tannic acid of galls, which could not exist
in aqueous solutions containing cinchonia
and quinia without forming insoluble
compounds.
CINCHOVATIN. An alkaloid iden-
tical with Aricina, obtained from an in-
ferior species of Peruvian bark. See
Aricina.
CINNABAR. (Vermilion.) See Bi-
sulphuret of Mercury.
CINNAMOMUM KIANIS,
CINNAMOMUM LOUREIRII,
CINNAMOMUM NITIDUM,
CINNAMOMUM Rubrum,
CINNAMOMUM SINTOC,
CINNAMOMUM TAMALA,
Species
of thege-
nus Cin-
namo m-
um.
CINNAMON. See Cinnamomum.
CINNAMON LEAF OIL. A volatile oil,
obtained from the leaves of Cinnamomum
Zeylanicum by distilling them after mace-
ration in sea-water.
CINNAMON SUET.
A fatty substance,
obtained from the ripe fruit of the C. Zey-
CINNAMEIN. An oily substance,
obtained from the balsam of Peru. It is
decomposed by caustic potassa into cin-lanicum, by bruising and boiling it in
namic acid, which unites with the alkali,
and a light, oily liquid, called Peruvin.
CINNAMIC ACID. A colorless, crys-
talline, sourish, volatilized acid, soluble
in alcohol and slightly so in water, and
convertible by heat and nitric acid into
benzoic acid. It is obtained from the oil
of cinnamon by the action of oxygen.
CINNAMOMUM. (Cinnamon.) The
bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum or
Laurus cinnamomum, and of C. aromat-
icum, C. cassia or Laurus cassia, and
other species of Cinnamomum. The term
cinnamomum is generally used to desig-
nate the finer barks, analogous to the
cassia. The first of the species above
named is a native of Ceylon and the Mala-
bar coast. The second grows in China,
Sumatra, and other parts of Eastern Asia,
and is believed to be the species which
furnishes wholly or in part the Chinese
cinnamon or cassia brought from Canton,
and is supposed to be the source of the
cassia buds. Cinnamon is among the
most grateful and efficient of the
matics.
water, removing the oleaginous matter
which rises to the surface, and allowing it
to concrete.
CINNAMYL. A compound radical
existing in oil of cinnamon, composed of
eighteen equivalents of carbon, seven of
hydrogen, and two of oxygen. With one
equivalent of hydrogen it forms pure oil
of cinnamon, or hydruret of cinnamyl; and
with one of oxygen anhydrous cinnamic
acid.
CINNAMYL HYDRURET. See Cinnamyl.
CINQUEFOIL. (Potentilla Reptans.)
the root of which has a bitterish, styptic,
A perennial, creeping, European herb,
slightly sweetish taste. Used chiefly in
complaints for which astringents are pre-
scribed.
CIRCULATION. In Chemistry, cir-
culation is an operation by which the
same vapor, raised by fire, falls back, to be
returned and distilled several times.
CISSAMPELINA. An alkaloid ob-
tained from Pareira brava.
CISSAMPELOS GLA BERRIM A.
aro- The plant from which it is said the true
namo-
mum.
Pareira brava is obtained.
CINNAMOMUM AROMATICUM, See Cin-
CISSAMPELOS PAREIRA. A climbing
CINNAMOMUM CASSIA,
plant, native of the West Indies and South
CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM.
America; recognized to be the source of
CINNAMOMUM CULILAWAN. (Laurus the root brought from Brazil under the
Culilawan.) A tree of considerable size, name of Pareira brava, the properties of
growing in the Molucca Islands, the bark which are tonic, aperient, and diuretic.
of which (Cortex culilaban) is of a dull CISSOTANNIC ACID. The red color-
cinnamon-brown color, a highly fragrant ing matter of autumnal leaves. Compo-
odor, and an agreeably aromatic, clove-sition C20H12016′
like taste.
CISTUS CANADENSIS. A title
CIS
CIT
127
liquor with carbonate of magnesia. The
solution is then filtered and evaporated by
a water-bath to a syrupy consistence, and
spread on glass to dry in scales.
given to a genus of plants identical with
Helianthemum Canadense, or frostwort,
frostweed, or rock rose. It grows in all
parts of this country, and possesses astrin-
gent and aromatic properties.
CITRATE OF IRON AND QUINIA. (Ferri
CISTUS CRETICUS. A small ever- et Quinice Citras.) Triturate an ounce of
green shrub, inhabiting the Grecian Ar-sulphate of quinia with six fluid ounces of
chipelago, upon the leaves and branches distilled water, add sufficient diluted sul-
of which a resinous juice exudes, called phuric acid to dissolve it; then cautiously
Labdanum. It is obtained also from C. pour it into water of ammonia sufficient
ladaniferus and C. laurifolius.
to precipitate all the quinia, which is then
CITRATE. A salt formed by the washed on a filter and added to ten fluid
union of citric acid with a base.
CITRATE OF BISMUTH AND AMMONIA.
A preparation formed by rubbing the
citrate of bismuth with sufficient distilled
water to make a paste, and adding to this
gradually, and with constant trituration,
stronger water of ammonia until the citrate
is dissolved, carefully avoiding an excess
of ammonia. The solution is then filtered
and spread on a glass to dry.
ounces of solution of citrate of iron, main-
tained at the temperature of 120° by a
water-bath, and stirred constantly till
dissolved; then evaporate to the consist-
ence of syrup, spread on plates of glass to
dry in scales.
CITRATE OF LITHIA. (Lithiæ Citras.)
Dissolve ninety grains of citric acid in
one ounce of warm distilled water, and add
fifty grains of carbonate of lithia in suc-
cessive portions, applying heat until effer-
vescence ceases and a perfect solution is
obtained. Evaporate by a steam or water-
bath until water ceases to escape and the
residue is converted into a viscid liquid,
which is to be dried in an oven at the
temperature of 240°, then rapidly pulver-
ized and inclosed in a stoppered bottle.
Antacid, antilithic, and diuretic.
CITRATE OF BISMUTH AND AMMONIA
SOLUTION (Liquor Bismuthi et Ammonia
Citratis.) Dissolve two hundred and sixty
grains of citrate of bismuth and ammonia
in fourteen fluid ounces of distilled water,
neutralize the solution with water of an-
monia, and add two fluid ounces of alcohol.
CITRATE OF CAFFEIN. Caffein dissolved
in a solution of citric acid with a gentle
heat and carefully evaporated. It is said
to be useful in sick headache.
CITRATE OF IRON. (Ferri Citras.) | dered citric acid and twelve parts of car-
Evaporate solution of citrate of iron to the
consistence of syrup; then spread on plates
of glass, so that, on drying, the salt may
be obtained in scales.
CITRATE OF IRON AND AMMONIA.
(Ferri et Ammonic Citras.) Mix a pint of
solution of citrate of iron with six fluid
ounces of water of ammonia, evaporate
the mixture to the consistence of a syrup,
spread on plates of glass, so that, on dry-
ing, the salt may be obtained in scales.
CITRATE OF IRON AND MAGNESIA.
(Ferri et Magnesiæ Citras.) A double
salt, formed by dissolving two ounces of
freshly precipitated hydrated oxide of iron
in a moderately heated solution of three
ounces of citric acid, and saturating the
CITRATE OF MAGNESIA, SOLID. Mix
intimately together twenty parts of pow-
bonate of magnesia; let it stand at the
ordinary temperature for four or five days,
or until it ceases to manifest reaction when
a little is thrown into water. During this
time the powder slowly swells up and
gradually assumes the appearance of a
spongy mass. Dry this at 86° Fahrenheit,
pulverize it, and keep in closely stopped
vials.
CITRATE OF MAGNESIA SOLUTION.
(Liquor Magnesiæ Citratis.) Dissolve eight
and a half drachms of citric acid in four
ounces of water, add two drachms of
magnesia and stir till dissolved. Filter
the solution into a twelve-ounce bottle
containing two ounces of syrup of citric
acid. Then add forty grains of bicarbonate
CIT
CIT
128
of potassa and sufficient water to nearly | tions of citric acid in honey with the aid
fill the bottle, which must be closed with of a small proportion of water. They have
a cork secured with twine.
been proposed as vehicles for iodide of
iron, which this vegetable acid is said to
aid in preserving from decomposition.
CITRON. (Cedrat.) The fruit of a
variety of Citrus medica, a tree closely
resembling Citrus aurantium.
It is a
native of Asia, but now raised in various
parts of the world. There are several
varieties of this species, which differ only
in their fruit, such as the citron, lemon,
and lime.
CITRATE OF POTASSA. (Potassæ Citras,
Potassii Citras.) Dissolve ten troy ounces
of citric acid in two pints of water, add
gradually fourteen ounces of bicarbonate
of potassa, and when effervescence has
ceased strain the solution and evaporate to
dryness, stirring constantly, after a pel-
licle has begun to form, until the salt
granulates. Then rub it in a mortar, pass
it through a coarse sieve, and keep it in
a well-stoppered bottle.
CITRULLIC ACID. An acid, soluble
CITRATE OF POTASSA MIXTURE. (Mis- in water and alcohol, obtained from pump-
tura Potassæ Citratis, Mistura Potassii | kin seeds.
Citratis, Liquor Potassæ Citratis, Solution
of Citrate of Potassa, Saline Mixture,
Neutral Mixture.) Saturate a half pint
of lemon-juice with bicarbonate of potassa
and strain. When lemons cannot be had,
dissolve a half ounce of citric acid and
three hundred and thirty grains of bicar-
bonate of potassa in half a pint of water,
and strain through muslin.
Mis-in
CITRATE OF QUINIA. Saturate a solu-
tion of citric acid with quinia, and evap-
orate.
CITRATE OF SODA. (Soda Citras.)
Saturate a solution of citric acid with
bicarbonate of soda, and evaporate to
crystallization. It is a cathartic.
CITRENE. A crystalline compound
of hydrogen and carbon, obtained from
the essential oil of lemons.
CITRULLIS COLOCYNTHIS. (Cu-
cumis Colocynthis, Bitter Cucumber.) An
annual plant, bearing a resemblance to
the watermelon. It is a native of Turkey,
and grows in Africa, Asia, India, and
Spain. It produces the fruit called Bitter
Apple, which, as kept in the shops, is
deprived of its rind, is about the size of
an orange, very light and spongy. They
are a powerful drastic hydragogue cath-
artic.
CITRUS ACRIS. A variety of the
Citrus medica, or citron tree, which pro-
duces the Lime fruit. It is smaller than
the lemon, oval, of a greenish-yellow color,
and abounds in a very acrid juice.
CITRUS AURANTIUM. The orange tree,
a native of China and India, but now cul-
tivated in various parts of the world.
CITRUS BIGARADIA. Sce Citrus Vul-
CITRIC ACID. See Acid, Citric.
CITRINE OINTMENT. (Unguentum garis.
CITRUS BIGARADIA MYRTIFOLIA. (Cit-
variety of the orange, called the mandarin
orange, cultivated largely in Sicily and
the south of Italy.
CITRUS BIGARADIA SINENSIS. See
Citrus Bigaradia Myrtifolia.
Hydrargyri Nitratis, Unguentum Citrinum,
Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury.) Dis-rus Bigaradia Sinensis.) A delicious
solve an ounce and a half of mercury in
three ounces and a half of nitric acid;
then heat together twelve ounces of neats-
foot oil and four ounces and a half of lard
in an earthen vessel, and, when the tem-
perature reaches 200°, remove from the
fire, and add to it the mercurial solution,
stirring constantly with a wooden spatula
as long as it effervesces, and afterwards
till it thickens. It is a stimulant and
alterative application.
CITRUS DECUMANA. A variety of the
orange which yields the fruit known as
the Shaddock.
CITRUS LIMETTA. The bergamot tree,
the rind of the fruit of which yields the
oil of bergamot, or essence of bergamot, by
CITROMELS. A name given to solu- expression or distillation.
CIT
CNI
129
CITRUS LIMONUM.
(Citrus Medica.) which is said to be aperient, diuretic and
antiscorbutic.
The lemon tree. See Citron.
CITRUS MEDICA. See Citron.
CITRUS VULGARIS. (Citrus Bigaradia.)
A variety of Citrus aurantium, which pro-
duces the fruit known as the Seville
oranges.
CIVET. (Zybethum.) An odorous
substance, obtained from two animals of
the genus Viverra, V. civetta, or civet-cat
of Africa, and the V. zibetha of the East
Indies. It is secreted into a cavity open-
ing between the anus and external genitals.
It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble
in ether and alcohol, and used chiefly as a
perfume.
CIVET-CAT. The animal that produces
civet; a species of viverra. This animal
bears a close resemblance to a polecat or
to a fox. It is of a cinereous color, tinged
with yellow, marked with dusky spots,
disposed in rows. It inhabits India, Gui-
nea, Ethiopia, and Madagascar.
CLARET. (Vin de Bordeaux.) A red,
light French wine, the most esteemed
kinds of which are called Château Mar-
gaux, Château Lafite, and Château Latour.
CLARIFICATION. The process of
clarifying. Liquids may be clarified by
the addition of some coagulable substance,
such as milk, a solution of isinglass or
the white of an egg.
CLARIFIED HONEY. (Mel Des-
pumatum, Mel Depuratum.) Melt honey
by means of a waterbath, then remove
the scum.
CLARRY. (Salvia Sclarea.) A species
of sage.
CLEDGE. The upper stratum of ful-
ler's earth.
CLEMATINE. An alkaloid obtained
from Clematis vitalba or Traveller's joy ; a
climbing plant, native of Europe.
CLEMATIS CRISPA. A species of
Clematis possessing acrid properties.
CLEMATIS ERECTA. (Upright Virgin's
Bower.) A perennial European plant,
the leaves and flowers of which applied to
the skin produce inflammation and vesi-
cation. It was known in ancient phar-
macy by the name of Flammula Jovis. It
is said to be useful in syphilis, foul ulcers,
and severe headaches.
CLEMATIS FLAMMULA. (Sweet
Scented Virgin's Bower.)
CLEMATIS VIORNA.
Flower.)
CLEMATIS VIRGINICA.
mon Virgin's Bower.)
I
(Leather
(Cum-
CLEMATIS VITALBA. (Travel-
ler's Joy.)
STAFF-TREE.
the Clematis erecta.
Species of Clematis which
may be substituted for
See
CLIMBING
Celastrus Scandens.
CLOUDBERRY. A name for a plant
of the genus Rubus, a species of black-
berry.
See Cassia Caryo-
CLOVE BARK.
phyllata.
CLOVE PINK. See Carnation.
CLOVES. See Caryophyllus.
CLUB-MOSS. A name given to the
plant Lycopodium clavatum.
CLUTIA CASCARILLA. (Croton
Cascarilla, Ricinoides Elæagnifolia.) A
species of Cascarilla growing in the
Bahamas, the bark of which is an aro-
CLAVATE. In Botany, club-shaped;
growing gradually thicker toward thematic tonic, but has ceased to appear in
top.
CLAVICEPS PURPUREA. A name
given to the whole fungus of Ergota.
CLAY. The name of certain substan-
ces which are mixtures of silex and alu-
mina, sometimes with lime, magnesia,
alkali, and metallic oxides.
CLEAVERS. (Goose Grass, Galium
Aparine.) An annual, succulent plant of
Europe and this country, the juice of
our markets.
CLUTIA ELUTERIA. See Cascarilla.
CLYSTER. An injection; a liquid
substance injected into the lower intes-
tines, for the purpose of promoting alvine
discharges, relieving from costiveness, and
cleansing the bowels. Sometimes it is
administered to nourish and support
patients who cannot swallow aliments.
CNICIN. A peculiar principle ob-
9
CNI
COB
130
tained from Centaurea benedicta or Blessed | name for a number of impure liquors
Thistle. It is analogous to salicin in com- imported from Germany, consisting of
position.
mixtures of carbolic acid with cresylic
CNICUS BENEDICTUS. See Blessed acid, coloring matter, &c., of which the
Thistle.
CNICUS MARIANUS. (Carduus Mari-
anus.) A species of Centaurea formerly
used for the same purposes as C. benedic-
tus. The seeds of this species are said to
be useful in hemorrhages.
COADJUVANT. An ingredient in a
prescription designed to aid some other
ingredient.
former constitutes but a small proportion.
COBALT. A metal of a reddish-gray
or grayish-white color, very brittle, of a
fine, close grain, compact, but easily re-
ducible to powder. It crystallizes in
bundles of needles, arranged one over an-
other. It is never found in a pure state,
but usually as an oxide, or combined with
arsenic or its acid, with sulphur, iron, &c.,
COAGULANT. That which produces &c. Its ores are arranged under the fol-
coagulation.
COAGULATE. To concrete, to curdle,
to congeal; to change from a fluid into a
fixed substance or solid mass, as to coagu-
late blood.
COAGULUM. A coagulated mass.
COALESCE. To grow together; to
unite by natural affinity or attraction.
COALFISH. A species of Gadus,
frequenting the seas of Northern Europe
and America, which contributes to fur-
nish the cod-liver oil of commerce.
COAL-GAS LIQUOR. A liquor ob-
tained in the manufacture of coal gas, from
which large quantities of carbonate of
ammonia are manufactured.
COALITION. Union in a body or
mass; a coming together, as of separate
bodies or parts, and their union in one
body or mass, as a coalition of atoms or
particles.
COAL NAPHTHA. (Commercial Ben-
zine.) A naphtha obtained by the distil-
lation of coal-gas tar.
COAL TAR. A dark, thick liquid or
semi-liquid resulting from the dry distil-
lation of bituminous coal.
COAL-TAR ACIDS. Liquid acids, called
respectively rosolie, brunolic, carbolic or
phenic, acetic, and butyric. They are
obtained from coal tar by distillation and
rectification.
lowing species, viz., Arsenical cobalt, of
a white color, passing to steel-gray; its
texture is granular, and when heated it
exhales the odor of garlic. Gray cobalt,
a compound of cobalt, arsenic, iron, and
sulphur, of a white color, with a tinge of
red; its structure is foliated, and its crys-
tals have a cube for their primitive form.
Sulphuret of cobalt, compact and massive
in its structure. Oxide of cobalt, brown
or brownish-black, generally friable and
earthy. Sulphate and arseniate of cobalt,
both of a red or peach-blossom color; the
former soluble in water.
oxide of cobalt is called zaffer; but when
fused with three parts of silicious sand and
an alkaline flux it is converted into a blue
glass called smalt. The great use of cobalt
is to give a permanent blue color to glass
and enamels upon metals, porcelain, and
earthenwares.
The impure
COBALT BLUE. A pigment used in
painting, obtained by precipitating the
mixed solutions of a salt of alumina and
of cobalt by means of an alkali; washing,
drying, and strongly calcining the precip-
itate.
COBALTIC ACID. An acid said to
exist, having the composition CoO3.
COBWEB. (Spider's Web, Tela Ara-
nea.) The genus Aranea has been divided
into several genera, of which the Tegeneria
includes the medicinal species of spider.
The web of the T. domestica of Europe
and the T. medicinalis of this country,
which inhabit cellars, barns, and other
COAL-TAR CREASOTE. An improper dark places, are said to be superior to
COAL-TAR ALKALOIDS. Alkaloids ob-
tained from coal tar, called anilin, quinolin,
picolin, toluidin, lutidin, cumidin, phætin,
&c., &c.
COC
COC
131
bark and arsenic in the cure of intermit-
tents. It has been used also as a styptic.
COCA. The leaves of Erythroxylon
coca, a shrub growing wild in South
America. They are used by the natives
as a masticatory. They resemble, in a
few of their properties, tea and coffee.
COCAINA. A peculiar alkaloid, ob-
tained from coca.
COCATANNIC ACID. A variety of
tannic acid obtained from coca.
COCCALINIC ACID. An acid iden-
tical with malic acid.
COCCOGENIN. A neuter principle,
obtained from the unripe fruit of Daphne
mezereum.
COCCOLITE. A variety of augite or
pyroxene, granuliform pyroxene. Its color
is usually some shade of green. It is com-
posed of granular distinct concretions,
easily separable, some of which present
the appearance of crystals whose angles
and edges have been obliterated.
COCCOLOBA UVIFERA. (Seaside
Grape.) A West India tree, from which
the Jamaica or West India kino is ob-
tained, which possesses considerable astrin-
gency.
See Ana-
mirta Coc-
culus.
COCCOTANNIC ACID. An acid
obtained from kino. (Kinotannic Acid.)
COCCULUS. See Anamirta Cocculus.
COCCULUS INDICUS,
COCCULUS Lacunosus,
COCCULUS PLUKENETII,
COCCULUS SUBEROSUS.
COCCULUS PALMATUS. (Jateorrhiza
Palmata.) The plant which furnishes the
colombo root. It is a climbing one, with
a perennial root, and grows wild on the
southeastern coast of Africa.
COCCUS. (Cochineal.)
(Cochineal.) A genus of
hemipterous insects, including the species
Coccus cacti, the dried females of which
constitute the cochineal of commerce.
They are found wild in Mexico and Cen-
tral America, inhabiting several species
of cactus. It is used chiefly for coloring
purposes.
COCCUS CACTI. See Coccus.
COCCUS ILICIS. A species of Coccus
|
which inhabits the oak and is collected in
various parts of Greece.
COCCUS LACCA. A species of Coccus,
which, it is said, produces the resinous sub-
stance known as Lac, by puncturing the
bark of the twigs or extreme branches of
several trees in the East Indies, particu-
larly the Croton lacciferum.
COCHINEAL. See Coccus.
COCHINILIN. The coloring principle
of cochineal.
COCHLEARIA ARMORACIA. See
Armoracia Radix.
COCHLEARIA OFFICINALIS. (Common
Scurry Grass.) An annual succulent Eu-
ropean plant, cultivated in this country,
possessing stimulant, aperient, and diu-
retic properties.
COCIN. A peculiar fatty principle,
obtained from cocoanut oil, which yields
cocinic acid by saponification.
COCINIC ACID. See Cocin.
COCOA. A name given to a simple
preparation of the ground kernels of the
cacao or chocolate tree.
Cocoa. A tree belonging to the genus
Cocos, of the order of Palmæ, and the
fruit or nut of the tree. This tree grows
in the warm climates of both the Indies.
It rises to the height of sixty feet, and the
stem is like an apothecary's pestle, of
equal thickness at the ends, but somewhat
smaller in the middle. The bark is smooth,
of a pale-brown color, and the tree often
leans to one side. The leaves or branches
are fourteen or fifteen feet long, about
twenty-eight in number, winged, of a
yellow color, straight and tapering. The
nuts hang in clusters of a dozen each, on
the top of the tree.
Cocoa. (Cacao, Chocolate Nuts.) The
seeds of the fruit of Theobroma cacao.
COCOANUT BUTTER. (Cocoanut
Oil, Oleum Cocos Nucifera.) The fixed
oil of the cocoanut, a fruit of a species of
palm called Cocos nucifera or cocoanut tree.
COCOANUT OIL,
COCOANUT TREE, See Cocoanut Butter.
Cocos NUCIFERA.
COCO-OLEIN.
The liquid part of
COC
COL
132
cocoanut oil, used in London as a substi-
tute for cod-liver oil.
COHOBATE. Among early chemists,
to repeat the distillation of the same
COCTION. The act of boiling or ex- liquor, or that from the same body, pour-
posing to heat in liquor.
COD, COMMON. (Gadus Morrhua,
Morrhua Vulgaris.) The common codfish,
from the livers of which and other species
is obtained the cod-liver oil of commerce.
COD-LIVER OIL. (Oleum Morrhuæ,
Oleum Jecoris Aselli.) Oil obtained from
the livers of the cod and other species of
fish. It has been long employed in rheu-
matic and strumous diseases.
CODEIA. An alkaloid existing in
opium, combined, like morphia, with me-
conic acid, and is extracted along with
that alkali in the preparation of the mu-
riate. It is soluble in water.
CODEX. A book; a code.
CŒLOCLINE POLYCARPA. (Uno-
na Polycarpa, Berberin Tree, Yellow dye
Tree of Soudan.) A small tree, growing in
Soudan, Sierra Leone, and other parts of
Africa, the bark of which is moderately
but disagreeably bitter, and stains the
saliva yellow. It contains berberina, found
also in colombo and in Berberis vulgaris.
It is used in the treatment of ulcers, and
for dyeing yellow.
COFFEA ARABICA. Arabian coffee.
See Caffea.
COFFEE. See Caffea.
COFFEE SYRUP. A syrup prepared by
treating a pound of ground roasted coffee
by percolation with boiling water until
two pints of liquid have passed. Evaporate
eight pounds of simple syrup to six, add
the infusion, and strain.
COFFEIC ACID. (Viridinic Acid.)
An acid obtained by the oxidation of
coffeotannic acid, composed of C₁H,Og.
See Viridic Acid.
ing the liquor back upon the substance
contained in the vessel.
COHOSH. See Black Snakeroot.
COHOSH, RED. An American species
of Actœa (A. Americana rubra). Its med-
ical properties are similar to those of
Actœa spicata, which see.
CоHOSH, WHITE. See Acton Alba.
COKE. The charcoal resulting from
the dry distillation of bituminous coal.
COLA ACUMINATA. (Sterculia
Acuminata.) A large African tree, known
as the source of the kola nuts of Guinea.
They contain a crystallizable alkaloid
called thein, or more generally caffein.
They resemble coffee in every respect ex-
cept that they contain no tannin.
COLANDER. A vessel with a bottom
perforated with little holes for straining
liquors.
COLARES.
Portugal.
The genuine wine of
COLATION. The act of straining or
purifying liquors by passing them through
a perforated vessel.
COLCHICEINE,
COLCHICIA,
COLCHICINE,
tained from Colchicum.
The active prin-
ciple of Colchicum;
an alkaloid ob-
COLCHICI CORMUS. (Colchici
Radix, Colchicum Root, Colchicum Corm.)
The fresh corm of Colchicum autumnale,
stripped of its coats, sliced transversely,
and dried.
COLCHICI RADIX. The recent bulb or
cormus of Colchicum autumnale, or
meadow saffron. It acts upon the nervous
system, allaying pain and producing other
sedative effects, and exerts no obvious
COFFEOTANNIC ACID. See Chloro- influence over the secretions.
genic Acid.
COGNAC. The best kind of brandy;
so named from a town in France.
COHERE. To stick together.
COHESION. The act of sticking to-
COLCHICI SEMEN. (Colchicum Seed.)
The seed of Colchicum autumnale, or
meadow saffron. They possess properties
analogous to those of the bulb or root.
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE.
(Meadow Saffron.) A perennial bulbous
COHESIVE. That has the power of plant, native of Europe, where it grows
gether.
*
sticking.
wild in moist meadows.
COL
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133
COLCHICUM ROOT. See C. Radix.
COLCHICUM SEED. See C. Semen.
COLCHICUM VARIEGATUM. A name
given by some botanists to a plant along!
the Mediterranean, the roots or bulbs of
which are sold under the name of hermo-
dactyls (Hermodactyli). Its properties
are similar to those of Colchicum.
COLCOTHAR.
(Polishing Rouge.)
Anhydrous sesquioxide of iron. See
Fuming Sulphuric Acid.
Melt
COLD CREAM. (Ointment of Rose
Water, Unguentum Aquæ Rosæ.)
together, by means of a water-bath, three
and a half ounces of oil of sweet almonds,
one ounce of spermaceti, and two drachms
of white wax; then add gradually two
ounces of rose-water, and stir till cool. It
is a pleasant cooling application for
chapped hands.
COLD SEEDS, GREATER. A title applied
to the seeds of the pumpkin, gourd, musk-
melon, and cucumber, their botanical
names being respectively Cucurbita pepo,
Cucurbita lagenaria, Cucumis melo, and
Cucumis sativus. Formerly much used
in catarrhal affections, disorders of the
bowels and urinary passages, fever, &c.
COLLIQUABLE. That may be liqui-
fied or melted; liable to melt, grow soft,
or become fluid.
COLLIQUANT. That has the power
of dissolving or melting.
COLLIQUATE. To melt or dissolve.
COLLODINA. See Aldehydina.
COLLODION. (Collodium.) A prep-
aration formed by dissolving gun-cotton
in ether, assisted by a little alcohol. It
is employed for various purposes in sur-
gery.
COLLODION, CANTHARIDAL.
tharidal.
See Can-
COLLODION, CAUSTIC. See Caustic.
COLLODION, FERRUGINOUs.
A prep-
aration formed of equal parts of collodion
and tincture of iron. Used as a remedy
in erysipelas.
COLLODION, FLEXIBLE. (Collodium
Flexile.) Mix together six ounces of col-
lodion, one hundred and twenty grains
of balsam fir, and one drachm of castor
oil, and keep in a well-stopped bottle.
COLLODION, GLYCERIZED (Glycerized
Collodion.) An elastic collodion, formed
by mixing two parts of glycerin with one
hundred of collodion.
COLIC ROOT. (Wild Yam Root,
COLLODION, IODIZED. Dissolve between
Dioscorea Villosus.) An indigenous peren ten and twenty grains of iodine in a
nial creeper, growing from Maine to Wis-fluid ounce of collodion. It is used for
consin, the roots of which are used in
bilious colic.
COLLAGEN. (Osseine.) A gelatinous
principle, occurring in bone, animal mem-
brane, epidermis, fish bladders, &c., &c.
It yields, on prolonged boiling with water,
gelatin or common glue.
the
purpose of obtaining the specific effects
of iodine in a rapid manner.
COLLOIDS. A name given to a class.
of substances resembling glue in their
power of gelatinizing.
COLLYRIA. Lotions or applications
to the eye, called eye-washes. They are
generally composed of astringent salts, as
sulphate or acetate of zinc, sulphate of
copper, or of iron or nitrate of silver,
dissolved in distilled water.
COLLETIC. An agglutinant.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
(Horse Weed, Horse Balm, Rich Weed,
Heal-all, Stone Root, Knot Root.) An
indigenous plant, with a perennial, knotty
root, growing from Canada to the Caro-
linas. It is considered tonic, astringent, India plant, the roots of which furnish a
diaphoretic, and diuretic.
COLLINSONIN. A peculiar princi-
ple extracted from Collinsonia Canadensis,
said to be a valuable tonic, astringent,
diaphoretic, alterative, resolvent, and diu-
retic, in doses of five grains.
COLOCASIA ESCULENTA. A West
fecula used as a substitute for arrowroot.
COLOCYNTH. (Bitter Apple.) See
Citrullus Colocynthus.
COLOCYNTH PULP. (Colocynthidis Pul-
pa.) The dried decorticated fruit, freed
from the seeds of Citrullus colocynthus.
COL
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134
COLOCYNTHIN. The bitter princi- Greenish blue,
ple of colocynth.
COLOGNE WATER. A liquor com-
posed of a solution of odorous essential
oils in deodorized alcohol.
COLOMBA. See Calumba.
COLOMBIN. A peculiar crystallizable
principle, obtained from Columbo.
COLOPHENE. Rosin oil from rosin.
COLOPHONIC
formed by the agency of heat in the dis-
tillation of the common yellow resin.
ACID.
Blue mixed with green,
Antimony.
Bromide of copper.
Green Flames.
Intense emerald green,
Dark green,
Full green,
Emerald green mixed with
blue,
Pale green,
Apple green,
An acid
Intense whitish green,
Bluish green,
COLOPHONINE. An oxygenated oil,
obtained by the destructive distillation of
commercial rosin.
COLOPHONY. A name applied to
the resin or rosin which remains after the
distillation of turpentine.
COLOQUINTIDA. (Colocynth)
COLOR BLINDNESS. An infirmity
of the eye, by which it is unable to distin-
guish certain colors. The eye, in most
instances, is sensitive to even faint light,
and distinguishes perfectly the form of
bodies; but different colors, such as red
and green, cannot be distinguished from
one another. Thus ripe cherries cannot
sometimes be distinguished in color from
the leaves by which they are surrounded.
In this case looking through a red glass
would show the difference. Color blind-
ness is not an uncommon infirmity, and
it should be specially looked for when
men are engaged in work which depends
on appreciation of color. Railway acci-
dents, for instance, may occasionally have
happened, owing to the engineer being
unable to distinguish a red from a green
signal.
COLORED FLAMES. When certain
metallic compounds are introduced into a
non-luminous flame, such as the flame of
a spirit-lamp or a Bunsen gas flame, char-
acteristic colors are produced. The follow-
ing is a list of the principal colored flames,
with the substances producing them:
Intense blue,
Pale clear blue,
Light blue,
Blue,
Blue Flames.
Chloride of copper.
Lead.
Arsenic.
Selenium.
Intense yellow,
Intense crimson,
Red,
Reddish purple,
Violet,
Thallium.
Boracic acid.
Tellurium or copper.
Iodide of copper.
Phosphoric acid.
Barium.
Zinc.
Binoxide of tin.
Yellow Flame.
Sodium
Red Flames.
Lithium.
Strontium.
Calcium.
Potassium.
COLORLESS IODINE. (Tinctura
Iodinii Decolorata.) A preparation made
tincture of iodine and strong water of
by mixing equal measures of compound
ammonia. It it does not become colorless
in twenty-four hours, add more ammonia.
It may be diluted with water or glycerin.
COLTSFOOT. (Tussilago Farfara.)
A perennial herb, with a creeping root,
growing in Europe and this country. Said
tions. The leaves are the part chiefly
to be demulcent, and used in lung affec-
employed.
COLUMBATE.
A salt or compound
of columbic acid with a base.
COLUMBIC ACID. A peculiar acid
contained in columbo root, composed of
C42H22O14
COLUMBINE. See Aquilegia Vulgaris.
COLUMBIUM. An exceedingly rare
metallic element, discovered by Hatchett
in 1801, in a mineral called columbite.
Subsequently Wollaston pronounced co-
lumbium to be the same as Ekeberg's
tantalum. In 1846 H. Rose was led to
conclude that columbite contained two
metals closely resembling tantalum, but
not identical with it; to these he gave the
names pelopium and niobium. He has
since found that niobium and pelopium
are the same metal, and he therefore dis-
carded the name pelopium and retained
niobium. But this niobium is the same
COL
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135
as Hatchett's columbium, and therefore it | sulphuric acid, free chlorine, nitrous acid,
is only right that it should be recognized &c., &c.
by the name given to it by the original
discoverer. This alteration of names is
now gradually coming into use, and
chemists will, it is hoped, recognize co-
lumbium and tantalum as the two metals
which have been vaguely known under
the names tantalum, niobium, pelopium,
and columbium.
COLUMBO. See Calumba.
COLUMBO, AMERICAN. See American
Columbo.
COLUMBO, FALSE. (Columbo Wood.)
The wood of Coscinium fenestratum, with
which the genuine columbo root is often
adulterated.
COMMERCIAL SULPHATE OF IRON. (Cop-
peras, Ferri Sulphas Venalis, Green Vit-
riol.) Sulphate of iron, containing such
impurities as sesquioxide of iron, copper,
zinc, alumina, magnesia, &c., &c.
COMMINUTED. Triturated; pulver-
ized.
COMMINUTION. The act of reducing
to a fine powder; pulverization.
COMMIX. To mix; to blend.
COMMIXTION. A mixture.
COMMIXTURE. The mass formed
by mixture.
COMMON AGRIMONY. See Agri-
mony.
COMMON BEAD TREE. See Azedarach.
COMMON CAUSTIC, MILDER.
(Caustic
Commune Mitius.) A preparation made
by evaporating solution of potassa to one-
COLUMBO WOOD. See Columbo, False.
COLUMBRINA. An old name for
the wood and root of the Strychnos nux
vomica tree.
COLUTEA ARBORESCENS. See third, and adding lime enough to form a
Bladder Senna.
COLZA OIL. See Brassica Campestris.
COMBINATION. Intimate union or
association of two or more particles;
chemical union; union by affinity. By
mixing dry tartaric acid with dry carbon-
ate of potash, no combination will ensue
until water is added.
firm paste. The potassa cum calce, or
potassa with lime, is prepared by rubbing
an ounce of each together so as to form a
powder, which is to be kept in well-
stopped bottles.
COMMON CAUSTIC, STRONGER.
Caustic Potassa.
See
COMMON MOTHERWORT. See Leonurus
COMBINE. To unite by affinity or Cardiaca.
chemical union.
COMBUSTIBLE. A substance that
will take fire and burn; a body which, in
its rapid union with others, disengages
heat and light.
COMBUSTION. The operation of fire
on inflammable substances; the union of
inflammable substances with oxygen, at-
tended with light and in most instances
with heat; the disengagement of heat and
light which accompanies chemical com-
bination.
COMFREY. (Symphytum Officinale.)
The perennial European plant, cultivated
in our gardens. It is a demulcent.
COMMERCIAL CHLOROFORM.
See Chloroformum Venale.
COMMERCIAL MURIATIC ACID. (Im-
pure Muriatic Acid) Muriatic acid con-
taining such impurities as sulphurous and
COMMON SALT. See Chloride of Sodium.
COMMON WATER. (Aqua.) A term ap-
plied to rain, snow, spring, river, well,
lake, and marsh waters, of which the rain
and snow are the purest.
suit-
COMPATIBLE. Consistent; that may
exist with something else; agreeable;
able; not incongruous.
COMPLEX. Composed of two or
more substances; not simple; as a com-
plex prescription; complicated.
COMPOSITÆ. A family of plants
comprising the genera Atractylis, Anthe-
mis, Achillea, Erigeron, Flotovia, Bac-
charis, Haplopappus, Grindela, Helenium,
&c., &c.
COMPOSITION. The combination of
different substances, or substances of dif-
ferent natures, by affinity; from which re-
sults a compound substance, differing in
༢༈ན
COM
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136
properties from either of the component
parts. Water is a composition of hydro-
gen and oxygen, which, considered sep-
arately, are invisible gases.
COMPOUND. To mix or unite two
or more ingredients in one mass or body;
a mass or mixture formed by the union of
two or more ingredients.
ounces of plaster of lead, previously
melted, and mix the whole together.
COMPOUND INFUSION OF CATECHU.
(Infusum Catechu, Infusum Catechu Com-
positum.) Macerate for one hour in a cov-
ered vessel, half an ounce of powdered
catechu and one drachm of moderately
fine cinnamon in a pint of boiling water,
COMPOUND CALOMEL PILL. See Calo- and strain.
mel Pill Compound.
COMPOUND INFUSION OF FLAXSEED.
COMPOUND CAMPHOR LINIMENT. See (Infusum Lini Compositum.) Macerate
Camphor Liniment, Compound.
COMPOUND CATHARTIC PILLS. (Pilu-
læ Catharticæ Composite.) Mix together
thirty-two grains of compound extract of
colocynth, twenty-four grains each of
powdered extract of jalap and calomel, six
grains of powdered gamboge, and with
water form a mass to be divided into
twenty-four pills.
COMPOUND DECOCTION OF ALOES.
(Decoctum Aloes Compositum.) A decoc-
tion composed of Socotrine aloes, myrrh,
carbonate of potassa, extract of licorice,
saffron, compound tincture of cardamom
and water.
COMPOUND DECOCTION OF SARSAPA-
RILLA. (Decoctum Sarsaparillæ Composi-
tum, Decoctum Sarsæ Compositum, Lisbon
Diet Drink) A decoction composed of
sarsaparilla, bark of sassafras root, guaia-
cum wood, mezereon bark, and water.
COMPOUND EXTRACT OF COLOCYNTH.
(Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum.)
Mix thoroughly and keep in a well-stop-
ped bottle, three ounces alcoholic extract
of colocynth, twelve ounces Socotrine
aloes, three ounces resin of scammony,
one ounce cardamom, and three ounces of
soap; each to be in fine powder.
COMPOUND FLUID EXTRACT OF SARSA-
PARILLA. (Extractum Sarsaparillæ Flui-
dum Compositum.) A fluid extract, com-
posed of sarsaparilla, licorice root, bark
of sassafras root, mezereon bark, sugar,
and diluted alcohol.
for two hours in a covered vessel, a half
ounce of flaxseed and a quarter of an
ounce of bruised licorice root in a pint
of boiling water, and strain.
COMPOUND INFUSION OF GENTIAN.
(Infusum Gentianæ Compositum) Moisten
a mixture of half an ounce of gentian
and a drachm each of bitter orange-peel
and coriander seed, each in coarse powder,
with three drachms of a mixture of two
ounces of alcohol and fourteen of water,
pack firmly in a percolator, gradually
pour on the remainder of the menstruum,
and afterward water, till the infusion
measures a pint.
COMPOUND INFUSION OF ORANGE-
PEEL. (Infusum Aurantii Compositum.)
Infuse in a covered vessel for a quarter of
an hour, two drachms of bitter orange-
peel, one drachm of lemon-peel, and a
half drachm of cloves (all bruised) in ten
fluid ounces of boiling water, and strain.
COMPOUND INFUSION OF PERUVIAN
BARK. (Infusum Cinchonæ Rubræ, Infus.
Cinchona Comp., Infusion of Red Cinchona,
Infusion of Red Bark.) Mix a drachm of
elixir vitriol with a pint of water; then
moisten an ounce of moderately fine pow-
dered red cinchona with half an ounce of
the mixture, and percolate a pint of infu-
sion
COMPOUND INFUSION OF ROSES. See
Acid Infusion of Roses.
COMPOUND LEAD SUPPOSITORIES. (Sup-
COMPOUND GALBANUM PLASTER. (Em-positoria Plumbi Composita.) Melt ten
plastrum Galbani Compositum.) Melt grains of white wax with eighty grains of
eight, ounces of galbanum and one ounce
of turpentine, and strain; add three
ounces of Burgundy pitch, then thirty-six
oil of theobroma, and add a mixture of
thirty-six grains of acetate of lead, twelve
of opium, and forty-two of benzoated lard.
COM
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137
Mix thoroughly, and pour into conical vided into two hundred and forty pills,
moulds of the capacity of fifteen grains. six drachms each of powdered myrrh and
COMPOUND LINIMENT OF CAMPHOR. galbanum, and two drachms of powdered
See Camphor Liniment, Compound.
asafoetida.
COMPOUND LINIMENT OF MUSTARD. COMPOUND PILL OF COLOCYNTH. (Pil-
(Linimentum Sinapis Compositum.) Dis-ula Colocynthidis Composita.) Mix colo-
solve forty grains of the ethereal extract cynth pulp, Barbadoes aloes, and scan-
of mezereon and one hundred and twenty mony (each in powder), each two ounces,
grains of camphor in four ounces of recti- | powdered sulphate of potash, two drachms,
fied spirit, and add one drachm of oil of
mustard and five of castor oil.
COMPOUND MIXTURE OF IRON. (Mis-
tura Ferri Composita, Griffith's Mixture.) |
Rub sixty grains each of myrrh and sugar,
twenty-five grains of carbonate of potash,
with seven ounces and a half of rose-water
gradually added; then with a half ounce
of spirit of lavender, and then with twenty
grains of sulphate of iron. Keep in well-
stopped bottles.
COMPOUND MIXTURE OF LICORICE.
See Brown Mixture.
COMPOUND MIXTURE OF SENNA. (Mis-
turæ Sennæ Composita) Dissolve four
ounces of Epsom salts and a half ounce of
extract of licorice in fourteen ounces of
the infusion of senna, aided by a gentle
heat; then add two and a half ounces of
tincture of senna, ten drachms of tincture
of cardamom, and enough infusion of
senna to make one pint.
COMPOUND OINTMENT OF
IODINE.
with two drachms of oil of cloves, and
beat into a mass with water.
COMPOUND PILL OF GAMBOGE. (Pilulæ
Gambogiæ Comp.) Beat into a mass, by
the aid of a little syrup, a mixture of the
following powders, viz, gamboge, Barba-
does aloes, compound powder of cinnamon,
of each one ounce; powdered hard soap,
two ounces.
COMPOUND PILL OF HEMLOCK. (Pilula
Conii Composita.) Mix two ounces and a
half of extract of hemlock with a half
ounce of powdered ipecac, and add sufficient
molasses to form a pill mass.
COMPOUND PILLS OF ANTIMONY,
COMPOUND PILLS OF SUBCHLORIDE
OF MERCURY.
See Calomel Pill, Compound.
COMPOUND PILLS OF GALBANUM.
Compound Pill of Asafœtida.
See
COMPOUND PILLS OF IRON. (
(Pilulæ
Ferri Composite.) Rub two drachms of
myrrh with a drachm of carbonate of soda ;
then, with a drachm of sulphate of iron
and with a little syrup, beat the mixture
into a uniform mass.
(Unguentum Iodinii Compositum, Unguent-
um Iodi.) Rub fifteen grains of iodine
and thirty grains of iodide of potassium
with thirty drops of water, and then with
one ounce of lard till thoroughly mixed.
COMPOUND PILLS OF RHUBARB. Form
COMPOUND OINTMENT OF MERCURY. & pilular mass, with water, of a mixture
(Unguentum Hydrargyri Compositum.) of one ounce powdered rhubarb, six
Melt three ounces of yellow wax and add drachms Socotrine aloes, half ounce
three ounces of olive oil, and when nearly myrrh, and a half drachm oil of pepper-
cold add an ounce and a half of powdered mint. Make two hundred and forty pills.
camphor and six ounces of mercurial oint-
ment; mix thoroughly.
COMPOUND OINTMENT OF SUBACETATE
OF LEAD.
See Cerate of Subacetate of
Lead.
COMPOUND PILL OF ASAFOETIDA. (Pil-
ulæ Galbani Compos., Pilulæ Asaf. Comp.,
Compound Pills of Galbanum.) With suf-
ficient syrup, beat into a mass, to be di-
COMPOUND PILLS OF SOAP. (Pilulæ
Saponis Comp.) Form a consistent pill
mass, with water, of one drachm powdered
opium and half a troy ounce of soap.
COMPOUND PILLS OF SQUILL. (Pilulæ
Scillæ Composite.) Mix together one
drachm of squill, two drachms ginger, two
drachms ammoniac, and three drachms
soap, each in powder, and with syrup form
COM
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138
a mass, to be divided into one hundred and thoroughly mixed four ounces of powdered
twenty pills.
rhei, twelve ounces of magnesia, and two
ounces of ginger.
COMPOUND POWDER OF SCAMMONY.
COMPOUND POWDER OF ALMONDS.
(Pulvis Amygdalæ Compositus, Conserva
Amygdalarum, Confection Amygdalœ.) Mix | (Pulvis Scammonii Comp.) Mix thorough-
one ounce of powdered gum arabic with ly, pass through a fine sieve, and rub
four ounces of pulverized sugar, and grad-lightly in a mortar, four ounces of pow-
ually add the mixture to eight ounces of dered scammony, three ounces of powdered
dried blanched almonds previously rubbed jalap, and one ounce of powdered ginger.
in a mortar to a smooth consistence, then
rub the whole to a coarse powder.
COMPOUND POWDER OF CATECHU.
(Pulvis Catechu Compositus.) Mix thor-
oughly, pass through a fine sieve, and rub
lightly in a mortar, two ounces each of
catechu, kino, rhatany root, and one
ounce each of cinnamon and nutmeg.
Keep in a stoppered bottle.
COMPOUND POWDER OF TRAGACANTH.
(Pulvis Tragacanthæ Comp.) Mix well
together an ounce each of powdered traga-
canth, acacia, and starch, and three ounces
of refined sugar.
COMPOUND RESIN CERATE. See Cera-
tum Resince Comp.
COMPOUND SOLUTION OF IODINE. (Liq-
uor Iodinii Compositus, Solution of Iodine,
COMPOUND POWDER OF CINNAMON. See Liquor Iodi.) Dissolve six drachms of
Aromatic Powder.
COMPOUND POWDER OF IPECACUANHA.
(Pulvis Ipecacuanha cum Opio, Pulvis Ipecac
et Opii, Dover's Powder, Pulvis Ipecac
Comp.) Rub together into a very fine
powder a drachm each of powdered ipe-
cacuanha and powdered opium and one
ounce of sulphate of potassa. An anodyne
diaphoretic.
COMPOUND POWDER OF JALAP. (Pulvis
Jalapæ Compositus.) Rub together until
thoroughly mixed two ounces of cream of
tartar and one ounce of powdered jalap.
COMPOUND POWDER OF KINO. (Pulvis
Kino Compositus, Pulvis Kino cum Opio,
Powder of Kino and Opium.) Mix thor-
oughly, pass through a fine sieve, and rub
lightly in a mortar three ounces and six
drachms of powdered kino, two drachms
powdered opium, and one ounce powdered
cinnamon, and keep in a stoppered bottle.
iodine and an ounce and a half of iodide
of potassium in a pint of distilled water.
COMPOUND SPIRIT OF ETHER. (Spiritus
Etheris Compositus, Hoffman's Anodyne.)
Mix together half a pint of ether, a pint
of alcohol, and six drachms of ethereal oil.
COMPOUND SPIRIT OF HORSERADISH.
(Spiritus Armoracia Comp.) Distil, with
a moderate heat, a gallon of spirit from a
mixture of twenty ounces of scraped horse-
radish root, twenty ounces of bruised bitter
orange-peel, half an ounce of bruised nut-
meg, one gallon of proof spirit, and two
pints of water.
COMPOUND SPIRIT OF JUNIPER (Spir-
itus Juniperi Comp.) Dissolve one drachm
and a half of oil of juniper and ten drops
each of oils of caraway and fennel in a
gallon of diluted alcohol.
COMPOUND SPIRIT OF LAVENDER.
COMPOUND POWDER OF OPIUM. (Pulvis (Spiritus Lavendula Comp., Compound
Opii Compositus) Mix thoroughly, pass Tincture of Lavender.) Dissolve one ounce
through a fine sieve, and rub lightly in a of oil of lavender and two drachms of oil
mortar, one ounce and a half powdered of rosemary in six pints of alcohol, and
opium, two ounces powdered black pepper, add two pints of water; then mix together
five ounces powdered ginger, six ounces two ounces of cinnamon, a half ounce of
powdered caraway seeds, one-half ounce cloves, one ounce of nutmeg, and six
powdered gum tragacanth. Keep in a drachms of red saunders, each in mode-
closed bottle.
rately fine powder; moisten and percolate
COMPOUND POWDER OF RHUBARB. in due form with the remainder of the
(Pulvis Rhei Comp.) Rub together until alcoholic solution, and afterwards with
COM
CON
139
diluted alcohol, until the filtered liquid
measures eight pints.
COMPRESSIBILITY.
The quality
of bodies by virtue of which they can be
COMPOUND SYRUP OF PHOSPHATE OF made to occupy a smaller space. All
IRON. See Chemical Food.
COMPOUND SYRUP OF SARSAPARILLA.
A syrup composed of sarsaparilla, guaia-
cum-wood, rose-leaves, senna, licorice
root, and the oils of sassafras, anise, and
winter-green.
COMPOUND SYRUP OF SQUILL. (
(Syr.
Scil'æ Comp., Coxe's Hive Syrup.) A
compound syrup, composed of squill, sen-
eka, and tartar emetic.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF BENZOIN.
A tincture composed of benzoin, Socotrine
aloes, storax, balsam of tolu, and alcohol.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF CAMPHOR.
(Paregoric.) See Camphorated Tincture of
Opium.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF CARDAMOM.
(Tinctura Cardamomi Comp.) A tincture
composed of cardamom, caraway, cinna-
mon, oil, alcohol, and clarified honey.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF CHLOROFORM.
(Tinct. Chloroformi Comp.) Mix together
two ounces of chloroform, eight of rectified
spirit, and ten of compound tincture of
cardamom.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF CINCHONA.
1 (Compound Tincture Peruvian Bark, Hux-
ham's Tincture of Bark.) A tincture com-
posed of red cinchona, bitter orange-peel,
serpentaria, saffron, red saunders, and
diluted alcohol.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF GENTIAN.
(Tinct. Gentianæ Comp.) A tincture com-
posed of gentian, bitter orange-peel, car-
damom, and diluted alcohol.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF IODINE.
(Tinct. Iodinii Comp., Tinct. Iodi.) Dissolve
a half ounce of iodine and an ounce of
iodide of potassium in a pint of alcohol.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF LAVENDER.
See Compound Spirit of Lavender.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF PERUVIAN
BARK. See Compound Tincture of Cin-
chona.
COMPOUND TINCTURE OF SENNA. (Tinc-
ture of Senna, Elixir Salutis) A tincture
composed of senna, raisins, caraway seed,
coriander, and proof spirit.
bodies are more or less porous, so that the
molecules of which they are composed are
not absolutely in contact; hence all bodies
are compressible. Gases are the most
compressible, and obey the law of Boyle,
that the volume varies inversely as the
pressure. When, however, great pressure
and cold are applied, most of the gases
become liquids. Oxygen, hydrogen, and
nitrogen have not yet been liquefied.
COMPTONIA ASPLENIFOLIA.
(Sweet Fern.) A shrubby, indigenous
plant, resembling the spleenwort fern,
growing in this country, possessing tonic
and astringent properties.
CONAMARINE. A resinous sub-
stance, obtained from the fresh juice of
hemlock root.
CONCENTRATE. To increase the
specific gravity of a substance; to make
stronger.
CONCENTRATED MILK. (Pre-
served Milk.) Fresh milk, reduced to
four-fifths of its original volume by evap-
oration. To every pint of the original
volume an ounce of white sugar is added,
and the evaporation produced by means
of a water-bath.
CONCENTRATION. The volatiliza-
tion of a part of a liquid, in order to increase
the strength of the remainder.
CONCREMENT. A growing together;
the collection or mass formed by concre-
tion or natural union.
CONCRESCENCE. Growth or in-
crease; the act of growing or increasing
by spontaneous union or the coalescence
of separate particles.
CONCRETE. To congeal, to thicken,
to inspissate, to coagulate. A compound ;
a mass formed by concretion.
CONCRETE OIL OF NUTMEG. (Oil of
Mace.) The expressed oil of nutmegs,
obtained by exposing them in a bag to
steam, and then compressing them strongly
between heated plates. A liquid oil flows
out, which becomes solid on cooling.
CONCRETE OIL OF WINE. (Etherine,
CON
CON
140
Ethylen, Oil of Wine Camphor.) A stear-
optene, deposited from the light oil of
wine, with which it is isomeric.
CONCRETION The process by which
soft or fluid bodies become thick, consist-
ent, solid, hard. The act of growing to-
gether, or of uniting by other natural
process the small particles of matter into
a mass.
CONDENSATION.
The act of mak-
ing more dense or compact; or of causing
the parts that compose a body to approach
or unite more closely, either by mechan-
ical pressure or by a natural process; the
state of being condensed. Dew and clouds
are supposed to be formed by the conden-
sation of vapor. It is opposed to rarefaction
and expansion. Condensation is applicable
to any compressible matter, and from it
proceeds increased hardness, solidity, and
weight.
CONDENSER.
A vessel in which
aqueous or spirituous vapors are reduced
to a liquid form.
CONDIMENT. Seasoning; that which
is used to give relish to food.
CONDITION POWDERS. Horse
powders; a powder for the improvement
of the condition of horses. They are usu-
ally made of sulphur, antimony, resin,
nitrate of potash, ground flaxseed, gentian,
subcarbonate of iron, juniper berries,
fenugreek, &c., &c.
CONFECTIO AMYGDALE.
Compound Powder of Almonds.
caraway; add fifteen ounces of clarified
honey and mix thoroughly.
CONFECTIO ROSE. (Confection of Roses,
Confectio Rosa Gallicæ.) Rub four ounces
of powdered red roses with eight ounces of
rose-water heated to 150°; then gradually
add thirty ounces of powdered sugar and
six ounces of honey, and beat the whole
together until thoroughly mixed.
CONFECTIO ROSE CANINE. (Confection
of Hips, Confection of Dog Rose.) Beat a
pound of seedless hips to a pulp in a stone
mortar, rub through a sieve, then add two
pounds of refined sugar and mix well
together.
CONFECTIO ROSE GALLICE. See Con-
fectio Rosœ.
CONFECTIO SCAMMONII. (Confection of
Scammony) Rub three ounces of scam-
mony and one ounce and a half of ginger,
each in powder, with three ounces of
syrup and an ounce and a half of clarified
honey, into a consistent mass; then add a
drachm of oil of caraway and a half
drachm of oil of cloves, and mix thor-
oughly.
CONFECTIO SENNE. (Lenitive Electu-
ary.) Mix prunes, coriander, and tama-
rinds with a concentrated infusion of
senna, and evaporate to the proper con-
sistence, and add sugar to taste.
CONFECTIO SULPHURIS. (Confection of
Sulphur.) Rub well together four ounces
of sublimed sulphur, one ounce of Rochelle
See salts, and four ounces of syrup of orange-
peel.
CONFECTIO AROMATICA. See Aromatic
Confection.
CONFECTIO AURANTII CORTICIS. (Con-
fection of Orange-peel.) Beat twelve ounces
of grated sweet orange-peel with thirty-
six ounces of sugar until thoroughly mixed.
CONFECTIO OPII. (Confection of Opium.)
Rub together two hundred and seventy
grains of powdered opium and six ounces
of aromatic powder; then add fourteen
ounces of clarified honey and mix thor-
oughly.
CONFECTIO PIPERIS. (Confection of
Black Pepper) Rub together in a mortar
two ounces of black pepper and three of
CONFECTIO TEREBINTHINE. (Confec-
tion of Turpentine.) Rub together one
ounce of oil of turpentine and one ounce
of powdered licorice root; then add two
ounces of honey.
CONFECTION. (Confectio, Comfit.)
Anything prepared with sugar or honey;
a composition or mixture; a soft electuary;
a sweetmeat; a comfit.
CONGEAL. To change from a fluid
to a solid state, as by cold or loss of heat;
to grow hard, stiff, or thick.
CONGELATION. The process of
passing, or the act of converting, from a
fluid to a solid state, by the abstraction of
CON
CON
141
heat; or the state of being congealed; (Hemlock Parsley.) A plant, growing in
concretion. It differs from crystallization this country, used, in combination with
in that in congelation the whole substance
of a fluid may become solid; in crystal-
lization, when a salt is formed, a portion
of liquid is left.
other plants, in the treatment of dysentery.
The constituents of this compound are
opium, stramonium, dulcamara, digitalis,
sium lineare, cicuta maculata, and conio-
CONGENEROUS. Of the same genus, selenium canadense.
kind, or nature.
·
· CONGO ROOT. (Bob's Root, Psoralea
Eglandulosa, Psoralea Melilotoides, Sam-
son's Snakeroot.) A leguminous plant,
growing in Ohio and Illinois, the root of
which is a gently stimulant tonic.
CONGRESS SPRINGS, SARATOGA.
A pound troy of this water contains:
0.0326 grains chloride of ammonium,
1.6256
chloride of potassium.
chloride of sodium.
iodide of sodium.
bromide of sodium.
19.6653
0.0046
0.1613
0.8261
5.8531 (C
4.1155
0.0672
0.0173
(C
carbonate of soda.
carbonate of lime.
carbonate of magnesia.
(6
(C
0.0202
0.1379
"L
0.1004
0.0069
0.112
66
carbonate of strontia.
carbonate of protoxide of iron.
carbonate of protoxide of manganese.
sulphate of potassa.
nitrate of magnesia.
alumina.
silica.
CONHYDRIA. A new alkaloid, ob-
tained from hemlock flowers by distilla-
tion. It is found mixed with conia.
CONIA. (Coniine.) The active prin-
ciple of hemlock leaves.
CONIFERÆ. That family of plants
which includes the genera Pinus, Picea,
Abies, Thuja, Torreya, &c.
CONIFERIN. A principle resembling
salicin, lately discovered in the cambium
of several turpentine trees, viz., Pinus
strobus, P. cembra, Abies excelsa, A.
pectinata, and Larix Europea.
CONII FOLIA. (Hemlock Leaves.)
The leaves of Conium maculatum, an um-
belliferous plant, growing in Europe and
this country. They are narcotic and
sedative.
CONII FRUCTUS. (Hemlock Fruit.)
The dried ripe fruit of Conium maculatum.
CONIIC ACID. A peculiar acid,
existing in the hemlock.
CONIINE. See Conia.
CONIUM. See Conii Folia.
CONIUM MACULATUM. See Conii Folia.
CONSERVA AMYGDALARUM.
See Compound Powder of Almonds.
CONSERVE. (Conserva.) A prepa-
ration consisting usually of sugar, honey,
or glycerin, designed to preserve fruits,
flowers, herbs, or roots, as nearly as possi-
ble in their natural and fresh state.
CONSISTENCE. That state of a body
in which its component parts remain fixed;
an indefinite degree of density or spissi-
tude.
CONSTANTINOPLE
OPIUM.
Opium produced in the northern parts of
Anatolia, and shipped from Constantino-
ple. It is a superior quality, though there
are inferior varieties of it.
CONSTITUENT.
tutes or composes.
That which consti-
CONSTRINGENT. A medicine pos-
sessing the quality of contracting, binding,
or compressing.
CONTRAYERVA. The root of Dor-
stemia contrayerva, growing in the West
Indies. Said to possess counter-poisonous
or antidotal properties. It is a stimulant
tonic and diaphoretic.
CONTUSION. The process of bruising.
CONVALLAMARIN. An amorphous
and bitter principle, obtained from the
herb and root of the Convallaria majalis,
or lily of the valley. It is an active and
powerful emetic and cathartic.
CONVALLARIA MAJALIS. (Lily
of the Valley.) A garden flower, growing
in Europe and this country, the herb, root,
and flower of which are emetic and pur-
gative.
CONVALLARIA MULTIFLORA. (Poly-
gonatum Multiflorum.) A plant of Europe
and this country, analogous in properties
CONIOSELENIUM CANADENSE. | to the C. polygonatum.
CON
COP
142
CONVALLARIA POLYGONATUM. (Poly- of Convolvulus, native of Syria, the roots
gonatum Uniflorum, Solomon's Seal.) A of which exude, when cut, a milky juice,
perennial herbaceous plant of Europe, the which, upon concretion, constitutes the
root of which is said to be emetic, and genuine scammony of commerce.
useful in gout and rheumatism. The
berries and flowers are said to be acrid
and poisonous.
CONVALLARIN. An acrid crystal-
line principle, obtained from the herb
and root of C. majulis.
CONVOLVULACEÆ. A family of
plants comprising the genera Ipomea,
Cuscuta, Convolvulus, Calystegia, &c.,
&c.
62 50 32.
CONVOLVULIN. A resinous prin-
ciple, obtained from the root of Ipomea
jalapa, composed of CHO. It is white
and transparent, inodorous and tasteless,
soluble in alcohol and acetic acid, and
insoluble in ether and water.
It was
formerly called rhodeoretin.
CONVOLVULINA. A peculiar prin-
ciple, obtained from scammony root.
sulphate crystallizes in radiating prisms.
CONVOLVULUS TURPETHUM. (Ipomoea
(Протӕа
Turpethum, Turpeth, Turpethum.) An
Indian plant, the root of which contains.
a resin said to be analogous to aloes, gam-
boge, resin of jalap, &c., &c.
COOPER'S GELATIN. A prepara-
tion introduced as a substitute for isinglass
in making jellies. It is said to be the
dried froth of a solution of pure bone glue.
COPAIBA. The juice or oleo-resin of
Copaifera multijuga and other species of
Copaifera.
COPAIFERA BEYRICHII,
COPAIFERA BIJUGA,
COPAIFERA CORDIFOLIA,
COPAIFERA CORIACEA,
COPAIFERA GUIANENSIS,
COPAIFERA JUSSIEUI,
COPAIFERA LANGSDORFFII,
Its
COPAIFERA LAXA,
COPAIFERA MARTII,
An
CONVOLVULINOTIC ACID.
acid composed of C2H2O5, resulting from
26 23
the decomposition of convolvulinol.
CONVOLVULUS. A genus of plants
of many species.
COPAIFERA NITIDA,
COPAIFERA OBLONGIFOLIA,
COPAIFERA SELLOWII. Names of vari-
ous species of the Copaiba plant.
COPAIFERA MULTIJUGA. The species
CONVOLVULUS BATATAS. The sweet from which most of the copaiba of com-
potato plant.
CONVOLVULUS JALAPA. An old title for
the Jalap plant. It is now called Ipomea
jalapa, Ipomæa purga, and Exogonium
purga. It is a native of Mexico, and
derived its name from the city of Xalapa,
in the State of Vera Cruz. The root is
an active cathartic.
Convolvulus OrizABENSIS. The plant
which produces male jalap, fusiform jalap,
jalap stalks, or light jalap. A spurious
jalap, formerly used to adulterate the
genuine. It has properties similar to the
genuine, though feebler. It grows near
Orizaba, in Mexico.
CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS. The wild
potato plant, the root of which was for-
merly used as a substitute for jalap.
CONVOLVULUS SCAMMONIA. A species
merce is derived.
COPAIFERA OFFICINALIS,}
COPAIFERA
An ele-
gant tree,
with a lofty stem, native of Venezuela. It
grows in the province of Carthagena,
mingled with tolu trees.
COPAINE MEGE DE JOZEAU.
Oval sugar-coated pills, generally colored,
pharmacy. They are prepared from bal-
constituting a new specialty in Parisian
sam copaiva, treated with concentrated
nitric acid as long as effervescence takes
water to remove acid. One part of bal-
place, and then thoroughly washed with
t
sam thus treated is mixed with one-six-
teenth calc. magnesia, one-tenth pulv.
cubebs, and one-tenth bicarbonate of soda,
and by the aid of mucilage is formed into
oval pills, which are subsequently coated
with sugar.
COP
COR
143
COPAIVA. A title formerly given to a caustic in ulceration of the throat and
the balsam of copaiba, from the supposi- tongue.
tion that it contained benzoic acid.
COPAIVIC ACID. An acid obtained
from the resinous mass which remains
after the distillation of the oil of copaiba
when treated with the oil of petroleum.
It is composed of C40 H3004.
COPPER SUBACETATE.
(Verdigris, Im-
pure Subacetate of Copper.) A salt used
as a detergent and escharotic, and is occa-
sionally applied to venereal warts and
foul ulcers.
COPPER SULPHATE. See Cupri Sul-
phas.
COPPER SULPHOCARBOLATE.
A salt of
COPPERAS. (Impure Sulphate of
Iron.) See Commercial Sulphate of Iron.
COPAL. A concrete resinous juice
which exudes from several trees in the
East Indies. Its source has been ascribed beautiful crystals, resembling sulphate of
to the Vateria Indica, Elæocarpus copalif- copper in color, and probably prepared
erus, and to different species of Hymenœa. | like the sulphocarbolate of zinc.
It is a hard, shining, transparent, citron-
colored, and inodorous substance, not
strictly a gum nor a resin, as it has not
the solubility in water common to the
gums, nor that in spirit of wine common
to resins. It rather resembles amber. It
may be dissolved by digestion in linseed
oil with a heat a little less than sufficient
to decompose the oil. This solution, di-
luted with turpentine, forms a varnish.
COPALCHI BARK. A bark which
has formerly been mistaken for cascarilla
and cinchona. It is said to be derived
from several species of Croton-Croton
suberosum, and Croton pseudo-china. It is
aromatic and tonic.
COPTIS. (Goldthread.) The root of
Coptis trifolia, a small evergreen, growing
in this country and Asia. It is a simple
tonic bitter, resembling quassia.
COPTIS TEETA. A species of Coptis
possessing properties like those of C.
trifolia. It grows near Assam.
COPTIS TRIFOLIA. See Coptis.
COQUETTA BARK. A variety of
cinchona.
CORAL. A substance found at the
bottom of seas, once considered as a plant,
but now as an animal. It was formerly
used in medicine, but at present valued
only as an ornament.
CORAL, RED. (Corallium Rubrum, Isis
COPALM BALSAM. (Liquidambar.)
A balsamic juice which exudes from the
trunk of the Sweet Gum Tree or Liquidam- | Nobilis.)
bar styraciflua. It is used for the same
purposes as storax.
COPPER. (Cuprum.) A metal of a
pale red color, tinged with yellow. Next
to gold, silver, and platinum, it is the most
ductile and malleable of the metals, and
it is more elastic than any metal except
steel. It is found native in laminæ or
fibres, crystallized, and in grains or super-
ficial laminæ on stones or iron. It is not
altered by water, but is tarnished by ex-
posure to the air, and is at last covered
with a green carbonated oxide. Mixed
with a small proportion of tin, it forms
bronze, and with zinc it forms brass.
When taken into the body it operates as
a violent emetic, and all its preparations
are violent poisons.
A coral composed chiefly of
carbonate of lime, colored by oxide of
iron, and is in the form of a small shrub,
a foot or two in height. It is yalued
chiefly as an ornament.
CORAL ROOT. See Corallorhiza Odon-
torhiza.
CORALLORHIZA ODONTORHIZA.
(Coral Root.) A leafless herb, growing
in this country, the roots of which are
considered as an energetic diaphoretic.
CORDIA BOISSIERI. See Anacahuite
Wood.
CORDIAL. That which suddenly
excites the system, and increases the
action of the heart or circulation when
languid; any medicine which increases
strength, raises the spirits, and gives life
and cheerfulness to a person when weak
COPPER NITRATE. A salt employed as and distressed.
COR
COR
144
•
CORIAMYRTIN. A peculiar poison-
ous principle, obtained from the fruit of
the Coriaria myrtifolia.
CORIANDER.
CORN POPPY. (Red Poppy.) The Pa-
paver rhoeas.
CORN STARCH.
An excellent prepara-
The fruit of Corian- tion, consisting of a variety of fecula
obtained from the meal of maize or Indian
drum sativum, which see.
CORIANDRI FRUCTUS. (Coriander corn.
Fruit.)
CORIANDRUM SATIVUM. An an-
nual plant, native of Italy, but growing
wild in most parts of Europe. Its seed
or half-fruit possesses the ordinary medic-
inal virtues of the aromatics.
A
CORIARIA ANGUSTISSIMA.
poisonous plant, growing in New Zealand,
called Toot-plant.
CORIARIA MYRTIFOLIA. (Redoul) A
poisonous shrub, growing in France, Spain,
and Italy, the leaves of which were for-
merly used in the former country for
adulterating senna and also for dyeing
black.
CORIARIA RUSCIFOLIA. (C. Sarmen-
tosa, Toot-poison.) A species of Coriaria
growing in New Zealand, of which C.
angustissima and C. thymifolia are said to
be varieties. It is an irritant narcotic.
CORIARIA THYMIFOLIA. See C. Rusci-
folia.
CORINTHIAN CURRANTS. (Co-
rinthian Raisins, Uvæ Passæ Minores.)
Small bluish-black raisins, of a fatty
appearance, with a vinous odor and a
sweet, tartish taste. They are procured
from Zante, Cephalonia, and other Ionian
islands.
CORK. (Suber, Liege.) A well-known
substance obtained from the Quercus suber
and Q. occidentalis, the former a large
oak, growing in Spain and the south of
France, and the latter growing in the
southwest of France and in Portugal. It
consists of the exterior layers of the bark,
beneath the epidermis.
CORN PLASTER. Plasters prepared
by coating one side of a piece of soft felt,
from a quarter to a half inch in thickness,
with a solution of one part glue and one
part gum in four parts water, and drying.
They are then cut, by means of a gun-
wadding punch, into disks, and a hole
punctured in the centre.
CORNACEÆ. That family of plants
to which the genus Cornus belongs.
CORNIC ACID. An acid contained in
the root-bark of Cornus Florida.
CORNINE. A neuter, colorless sub-
stance, very soluble in water and alcohol,
insoluble in ether, easily destroyed on
exposure to air. Obtained from the bark
of the Cornus Florida or dogwood.
CORNU. (Hartshorn.)
(Hartshorn.) See Cervus
Elaphus.
CORNU USTUM. See Burnt Hartshorn.
CORNUS CIRCINATA. (Round-
leaved Dogwood.) A shrub from six to ten
feet high, growing in this country, the
bark of which is tonic and astringent.
CORNUS FLORIDA. (Dogwood.) A small
tree, of slow growth, growing in all parts
of this country, the bark of which is tonic
and astringent.
CORNUS SERICEA. (Swamp Dogwood.)
A plant found in all parts of this country,
the bark of which possesses the same prop-
erties as those of C. Florida.
CORPUSCLES.
particles.
Minute atoms or
CORRECTIVE. That which has the
power of correcting; that which has the
quality of altering or obviating what is
wrong or injurious, as alkalies are correc-
tives of acids.
CORRODE. To eat away by degrees;
to wear away or diminish gradually by
slowly separating small particles from a
body, as nitric acid corrodes copper.
CORRODENT. Any agent that cor-
rodes.
CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE.
Bichloride of Mercury.
Nee
CORSICAN MOSS. (Helminthocorton.)
A mixture of marine plants, sold in Eu-
rope. Used as an anthelmintic.
An
CORTEPINITANNIC ACID.
acid contained in the bark of Pinus syl-
vestris, composed of C1H,O,.
16
COR
COU
145
CORTEX. Bark.
CORYDALIS FORMOSA.
(Turkey
CORTEX CARYOPHYLLATA. See Cassia Corn, Turkey Pea.) A handsome little
Caryophyllata.
plant, growing in the Western States, the
CORTEX CULILABAN. See Cinnamomum root of which is said to be tonic, diuretic,
Culilawan.
and alterative.
CORTEX FRANGULE. A name given in CORYDALIS TUBEROSA. A European
Germany to the bark of Rhamnus fran-species of Corydalis, closely analogous to
gula, which is used as a cathartic.
CORTEX MUSENE. (Musena Bark.)
The bark of the Rottlera Schimperi, a
large tree of Abyssinia, said to possess
anthelmintic properties.
CORTEX THYMIAMATIS. (Storax Bark.)
The residuary bark, after expression, of
the Oriental sweet gum or Liquidambar
Orientale, a tree growing in Asia Minor.
It is used principally for fumigation.
CORTICAL. Belonging to bark; re-
sembling bark.
the American.
CORYLUS ROSTRATA. See Beaked
Hazel.
COSCINIUM FENESTRATUM.
False Colombo.
COSMETIC. Any external application
that renders the skin soft, pure, and white,
and helps to beautify and improve the
complexion.
COTARNIA, Į A substance of feeble
COTARNIN. alkaline properties, ob-
tained from narcotina or narcotin when
that substance is heated with an excess of
sulphuric acid and deutoxide of man-
ganese.
COTOMASTER VULGARIS. (Coto-
neaster Vulgaris.) A plant of the Poi-
naceae family, which yields considerable
amygdalin.
of Gossypium.
CORUNDUM. Pure alumina in the
native crystalline state. The sapphire,
ruby, Oriental amethyst, and Oriental
topaz, are called precious corundum, being
crystallized alumina tinged with some
coloring matter, whilst adamantine spar
and emery are called common corundum.
Its hardness is next to that of the diamond, COTTON. (Gossypium.) A filament-
being nine on the scale; specific gravity ous substance, separated from the seed of
about 4.0. It is infusible before the blow-Gossypium herbaceum and of other species
pipe, and insoluble in acids; it is some-
what brittle, and has a conchoidal fracture.
The precious varieties are transparent, and
the common variety translucent or opaque.
CORY AMYRTIN. A peculiar com-
pound, which decomposes when treated
with fuming hydriodic acid, depositing a
soft black body, which, when well washed
with water, dissolved in alcohol, and
treated with a few drops of concentrated
solution of soda, assumes a beautiful pur-
ple color. This affords a very delicate
test, and may be applied with advantage
in toxicological researches.
CORYDALIA. An alkaloid obtained
from Corydalis Formosa. It is soluble in
alcohol, ether, and chloroform, and capa-
ble of forming soluble salts with the acids.
CORYDALIN. An alkaloid obtained
from the European species of Corydalis,
called Corydalis tuberosa. It is identical
with Corydalia.
COTTON ROOT. (Gossypii Radix.) The
root of Gossypium herbaceum and of
other species of Gossypium. It is an em-
menagogue, similar in some respects to
ergot.
COTTON-SEED OIL. Oil obtained by
expression from the seeds of the cotton
plant. It is used in the preparation of
woollen cloth and morocco leather, and
for oiling machinery, and is an excellent
substitute for olive and almond oil in
pharmaceutical preparations.
COTULA. (Mayweed.) See Anthemis
Cotula.
COTYLEDON. The perishable lobe
of the seed of plants.
COTYLEDON UMBILICUS. (Navelwort,
Pennywort.) A perennial, herbaceous,
succulent plant, native of England. Said
to be a remedy in epilepsy and asthma.
COUCH-GRASS. See Chiendent.
10
COU
CRE
146
COUMARIN. The active constituent
of the tonka bean. It is the hydride of
aceto-salicyl.
crorum.) Concretions found in the stom-
ach of the European crawfish at the time
the animal is about to change its shell.
They consist of carbonate and phosphate
of lime cemented together, and have been
used as an absorbent and antacid.
CRABSTONES.
COUMAROUNA ODORATA. (Dip-
terix Odorata.) The tree that produces
the tonka bean. It grows in Guiana.
COURBARIL. See Anime.
See Crabs' Eyes.
COURT-PLASTER. A plaster made CRANESBILL. (Geranium.) The
by applying to silk of various colors, by root of Geranium maculatum, a plant
means of a brush, first a solution of isin-common in this country. It is an astrin-
glass and afterwards a solution of benzoin.
COURT-PLASTER, CAOUTCHOUC. A
plaster prepared in the same manner as
court-plaster, using the liquid caoutchouc
as the external application.
COURY. A yellowish-brown sub-
stance, of an earthy fracture, resulting
from the evaporation of a decoction of the
areca or betel nuts which have been sub-
mitted to a previous boiling.
A tree
COUTAREA LATIFOLIA.
abounding on the west coast of Mexico,
which furnishes a bark which is called
Copalchi; but which must not be con-
founded with the copalchi barks obtained
from various species of Croton, over which
it possesses decided superiority.
COWBANE. See Cicuta Virosa.
A resin
gent.
CRATEGUS OXYCANTHUS.
plant which contains amygdalin.
CRAWFISH, EUROPEAN.
Crabs' Eyes.
A
See
CRAYON. A general name for colored
stones, earths, or other minerals and sub-
stances used in drawing. They are gen-
erally made of chalk, pipe-clay, &c., &c.
CREAM NUTS. See Bertholletia Ex-
celsa.
CREAM OF TARTAR. See Acid Tartrate
of Potash.
CREAM OF TARTAR, SOLUBLE. A
preparation formed by boiling six parts
of cream of tartar and two of borax in
sixteen parts of water for five minutes,
allowing the solution to cool; then filter-
pro-ing to separate the tartrate of lime.
COWDIE RES cured, by inci-
}
COWRIE RESIN.
CREAM OF TARTAR WHEY. A prep-
sions, from the Damarra Australis, a tur-aration formed by adding two drachms
pentine tree of New Zealand.
COWHAGE. (Mucuna.) The hairs
of the pods of Mucuna pruriens, which see.
COW PARSNEP. (Masterwort, Her-
acleum Lanatum.) A large umbelliferous
plant, growing from Canada to Pennsyl-
vania, the root of which bears some
resemblance to common parsley. It is
used in epilepsy, and is thought by some
to be poisonous.
COWSLIP.
Primula or Primrose.
of the bitartrate of potassa to one pint of
milk.
CREAM SYRUPS. A variety of syrups
used with carbonic acid water. A gallon
of fresh, sweet cream is made to dissolve,
without heat, fourteen pounds of sugar
(powdered), which is bottled immediately
and placed on ice in a cold cellar.
CREAM VANILLA SYRUPS. Mix together
three fluid ounces of strong fluid extract
A plant of the genus of vanilla with a pint of simple syrup and
a pint of cream syrup.
Cow TREE. A plant or tree of South
America, which produces milk; a nour-
ishing fluid.
The Galactodendron utile.
COXE'S HIVE SYRUP. The com-
pound syrup of squill.
CREASOTE. (Creasotum.) A pecu-
liar substance, obtained from wood tar by
distillation. It is an oily, colorless liquid,
having the smell of smoke-often called
oil of smoke-and is irritant, narcotic,
CRABS' CLAWS. See Chela Cancro- styptic, antiseptic, and moderately eschar-
rum.
CRABS' EYES. (Crabstones, Lapilli Can-
otic.
CREASOTE MIXTURE. (Mistura Crea-
CRE
CRO
147
soti.) Mix sixteen drops each of creasote | identical with saffron, obtained from the
and glacial acetic acid, gradually with fruit of the Gardenia grandiflora.
fifteen ounces of distilled water, then add
one ounce of syrup and a half drachm of
spirit of juniper.
CREASOTE WATER. (Aqua Creasoti.)
Mix and agitate, till the solution is per-
fect, one drachm of creasote with one
pint of distilled water.
9 3 2
CREATIN. An organic base obtained
from the juice of flesh. In the hydrated
condition it forms clear prismatic crystals
of the formula CH¸Ñ‚ОH₂O, which dis-
solve in 14.6 parts of water at 64° Fahr.,
and are very soluble in boiling water.
Strong acids convert creatin into creati-
nin by abstraction of the elements of
water.
CREME DE BISMUTH. Take two
and a half drachms of subnitrate of bis-
muth and two grains of carmine; rub
with two ounces of syrup of strawberries
and two ounces of mucilage of gum.
Flavor with thirty drops essence of vanil-
la, and take in teaspoonful doses.
CROCIC ACID. (Polycroite.) An
acid contained in saffron and the fruit
Gardenia grandiflora; brilliantly red, and
composed of C8H1303.
48 43
CROCIN. A coloring substance, iden-
tical with saffron, obtained from the fruit
of the Gardenia grandiflora.
CROCUS. (Saffron.) The stigmas of
Crocus sativus or common saffron.
Crocus of AntIMONY. See Antimony
Crocus.
CROCUS ORIENTALIS. A species of
crocus growing in the island of Ceylon.
It closely resembles Crocus sativus.
CROCUS SATIVUS. Autumnal Saffron.
CROTON BALSAMIFERUM. A
species of Croton growing in the Baha-
mas and West Indies. A balsamic juice
exudes from its young branches when
wounded, called Seaside Balsam. See Cas-
carilla.
CROTON BENZOE. A name formerly
given to Terminalia benzoin, which was
CREMORI TARTARI. See Acid Tar- erroneously supposed to be the source of
trate of Potash.
CRESYL. A fetid substance existing
in carbolic acid in the sulphuretted state.
CRESYLIC ACID. A principle con-
tained in coal tar, closely analogous to
carbolic acid.
CRESYLIC ALCOHOL. A principle in
coal tar which adheres tenaciously to
carbolic acid, and causes it to become
brown on exposure to the air.
benzoin.
CROTON CASCARILLA. The plant for-
merly recognized by the London College
as the source of cascarilla bark.
Clutia Cascarilla.
See
CROTON ELUTERIA. See Cascarilla.
CROTON HUMILIS. The stem of this
plant possesses much acrid pungency, and
is used in Jamaica frequently as a stimu-
lant in relaxed sore throat.
CROTON LACCIFERUM. See Coccus Lacca.
CROTON LINEARE. (Wild Rosemary.)
A species of Cascarilla growing in the
Bahamas and West India Islands.
CROTON MALAMBO. A small tree; a
species of Croton growing on the coast of
Venezuela and New Granada.
The bark,
called malambo or matias bark, is highly
esteemed as a substitute for Peruvian
bark.
CRETA. See Carbonate of Lime.
CRETÆ PREPARATA. (Prepared
Chalk.) Add a little water to a convenient
quantity of chalk, and rub to a fine pow-
der. Throw this into a large vessel,
nearly full of water; stir briskly, and,
after a short interval, decant the super-
natant liquor, while yet turbid, into an
other vessel. Set the liquid by, that the
powder may subside, and, having poured
off the water, dry the powder. This is
the only form in which chalk is used in
medicine. It is an excellent antacid.
CROCETIN. A coloring substance, Crotonis.) Mix together one ounce of
CROTON OIL. (Oleum Tiglii.) The oil
obtained from the seeds of Croton tiglium.
It is a powerful hydragogue cathartic.
CROTON OIL LINIMENT. (Linimentum
CRO
CRY
148
bers.
croton oil and three ounces and a half | Thysanocarpus, and Raphanus, are mem-
each of oil of cajuput and rectified spirit.
CROTON PAVANA. A plant growing in
Ava and the eastern part of Bengal, from
which many of the croton seeds of com-
merce are obtained.
CRUDE. Rough; not changed from
its natural state.
CRUDE ANTIMONY. See Antimonii
Sulphuretum.
CRUDE PYROLIGNEOUS ACID. (Pyro-
CROTON PSEUDO-CHINA. A plant grow-
ing in Mexico, which produces the Co-ligneous Vinegar.) Impure acetic acid,
palchi bark, which closely resembles the obtained by the destructive distillation of
cascarilla bark of commerce.
wood.
CROTON SLOANEI. A distinct species
of Croton, which formerly was confounded
with Croton eluteria and Clutia eluteria.
CROTON SUBEROSUM. See Copalchi
Bark.
CROTON TIGLIUM. A small tree or
shrub, growing in Hindostan, Ceylon,
and the Moluccas, the seeds of which con-
stitute the main supply of the croton oil
of commerce.
CROTON WATER. A New York water,
a gallon of which contains 10.93 grains of
solid matter.
6
CROTONIA. See Crotonin.
CROTONIC ACID. A fatty acid, ob-
tained from croton seeds. It is believed
to be inert. It is composed of C¿H¿O4·
CROTONIN. An alkaloid obtained
from croton seeds; called also Crotonia.
CROTONIS OLEUM. (Oleum Tiglii.)
See Croton Oil.
CROW FOOT. (Buttercup, Ranuncu-
lus.) The cormus and herb of Ranunculus
bulbosus, a perennial plant, native of
Europe, but cultivated in this country.
It is an uncertain narcotic. R. acris, R.
repens, R. flammula, and R sceleratus,
are the names of other species, possessing
like properties.
CROWN BARK. (Loxa Bark, Crown
Bark of Loxa.) A variety of pale Peru-
vian bark, formerly selected for the King
of Spain and the royal family.
CRUCIBLE. A vessel or melting-pot,
usually made of earth, and so tempered
and baked as to endure extreme heat with-
out melting.
CRUMB OF BREAD. (Mica Panis.)
The crumb of bread is frequently used to
give bulk to minute doses of active medi-
cines administered in the form of pill.
CRUSHED. Broken and bruised.
CRYOLITE. (Kryolite.) A mineral
existing in great abundance on the coast
of Greenland, from which large quantities
of carbonate of soda are obtained, by boil-
ing it with lime and passing carbonic acid
through the solution.
CRYOPHORUS. An instrument in-
vented by Dr. Wollaston for showing the
cold produced by evaporation. It consists
of two glass bulbs, usually one and a half
to two inches in diameter, united by a
tube one or two feet long, bent at a right
angle at each end for two or three inches.
of its length. One of the bulbs is half
filled with water, which is boiled until all
the air has been expelled from the instru-
ment through a small hole at the opposite
extremity, which is hermetically sealed.
We have now, therefore, a mass of water
in a vacuum containing aqueous vapor
given off from the water.
The empty
bulb is placed in a beaker and surrounded
by a freezing mixture of ice and salt,
which condenses the aqueous vapor in the
bulb into water, and fresh vapor is sup-
plied by the water in the distant bulb;
ultimately this water is frozen.
We know that heat determines the form
in which matter exists, and that a gas is
a liquid plus heat, and therefore requires
heat for its production.
Now, in the Cryophorus we have a cer-
CRUCIFERÆ. That family of plants tain amount of aqueous vapor, the pressure
of which the genera Nasturtium, Barbarea, of which upon the water in the distant
Turritis, Arabis, Cardamine. Sisymbrium, bulb prevents further evaporation; in
Erysimum, Brassica, Lepidium, Capsella, fact, the vacuum is saturated. But when
CRY
CRY
149
the vapor is condensed by the freezing or most exposed to the light. So, also,
mixture the pressure disappears, and the camphor, iodine, naphthalin, chloride of
water emits its vapor into the resulting carbon, &c., which form vapor by spon-
vacuum, and thereby loses heat, since the taneous sublimation, deposit crystals on
water requires heat before it can become the side of the glass most exposed to the
vapor. When this vapor is condensed a light. Water and other liquids deposit
further quantity is supplied by the water, globules of moisture generally on the
which is still more chilled, and this action most illuminated side of the vessels con-
continues until it is frozen by its own taining them. In the vacuum of a barom-
evaporation.
eter vapor of mercury similarly condenses
on the side most exposed to light. Hence
it was long supposed that light exerted
some subtle action in promoting crystal-
lization, &c., until Mr. Tomlinson showed
that these deposits are due simply to dif-
ferences in temperature. The side of the
vessel most exposed to the light is generally
urine. the coldest, and hence it was natural to
suppose that light, and not heat, was the
CRYPTOGAMIC. Concealed fructi-
fication; a class of plants whose stamens
and pistils are not distinctly visible; per-
taining to plants of the class Cryptogamia,
including mosses, sea-weeds, mushrooms,
&c.
CRYPTOPHANIC ACID.
organic dibasic acid, found in
Formula, CH,NO.
CRYPTOPIA.
discovered in opium.
A new
An alkaloid lately efficient cause; but Mr. Tomlinson showed
that similar effects could be produced in
the dark, provided one part of the vessel
were made colder than the other; or in
the full light of day, and even in sunshine,
when the apparatus was so arranged that
one part of each vessel had a different
temperature as compared with another
part. The same cause which produces
dew also accounts for the phenomena in
question.
CRYSTAL. An inorganic body, which,
by the operation of affinity, has assumed
the form of a regular solid, terminated by
a certain number of plane and smooth
surfaces; the regular form which a sub-
stance tends to assume in solidifying,
through the inherent power of cohesive
attraction; a body which assumes its form
from the evaporation of its solution.
CRYSTAL MINERAL. See Sal Prunelle.
CRYSTALLINE. A name formerly
applied to anilin when it was discovered
among the products of the dry distillation
of indigo.
CRYSTALLIZATION. The act or
process by which the parts of a solid body,
separated by the intervention of a fluid,
or by fusion, again coalesce or unite, and
form a solid body. If the process is slow
and undisturbed, the particles assume a
regular arrangement, each substance tak-
ing a determinate and regular form, ac-
cording to its natural laws; but if the
process is rapid or disturbed, the substance
takes an irregular form. This process is
the effect of refrigeration or evaporation.
CRYSTALLIZATION, ACTION OF LIGHT
ON. When a saline solution, contained in
a glass dish, is set aside to crystallize, the
crystals form first on the side nearest to
CRYSTALLIZE. To cause to form
crystals. Common salt is crystallized by
the evaporation of sea-water.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.
Almost all
solid chemical compounds, when slowly
formed, assume a regular shape, bounded
by plane surfaces. The science of crys-
tallography treats of the laws by which
these surfaces are disposed, one to the
other.
Crystals are assumed to possess certain
axes, and the form is determined by the
relation which the plane surfaces bear to
these axes. Though the forms in which
bodies crystallize are almost infinitely
varied, it has been found that they may
be classified into seven crystallographic
systems. These are, briefly, as follows:
1st. The regular cubic or monometric
system. These crystals are symmetrical,
about three rectangular axes; the simplest
CRY
CUC
150
forms are the cube and regular octahedron.
The following substances crystallize in
this system-diamond, most metals, chlo-
ride of sodium, fluorspar, alum.
2d. The quadratic or dimetric system.
These crystals are symmetrical about
three axes, which are rectangular, but
only two of equal length, the third being
different. Among the substances which
crystallize in this system may be men-
tioned sulphate of nickel, tungstate of
lead, and double chloride of potassium
and copper.
3d. Hexagonal or rhombohedral system.
In this system the crystals possess four
axes, three being equal in length, situated
in one plane, and inclined sixty degrees
to one another, and a principal axis at
right angles to the plane of the former.
Among crystals of this system may be
mentioned quartz, beryl, and cale spar.
4th. Rhombic or trimetric system. These
crystals have three rectangular axes, all
of different lengths. Among crystals of
this form may be mentioned sulphate of
potassium, nitrate of potassium, sulphate
of barium, and sulphate of magnesium.
5th. Oblique prismatic or monoclinic.
These have two axes obliquely inclined,
and a third at right angles to the plane
of these two, all three being unequal.
Among crystals of this form may be men-
tioned ferrous sulphate, sugar, gypsum,
and tartaric acid.
to the neutral acetate or crystallized ace-
tate of copper. See Acetate of Copper.
CUBEBA. (Cubebs.) The berries or
dried unripe fruit of the Piper cubeba or
Cubeba officinalis, a climbing perennial
plant, native of the East Indies, where it
grows wild. They are said to be derived
from another species called Piper caninum.
Cubebs are gently stimulant, with a special
direction to the urinary organs.
CUBEBA CLUSII. (Piper Afzelii.) A
peculiar pepper plant resembling in some
respects the Piper cubeba.
CUBEBA OFFICINALIS. See Cubeba.
CUBEBIC ACID. A name applied to
a soft resin possessing acid properties, ob-
tained from cubebs.
CUBEBIN. A principle obtained from
cubebs resembling piperin, but differing
from it in containing no nitrogen.
CUBIC NITRE. (Nitrate of Soda.) A
salt formed by treating carbonate of soda
with nitric acid. It is found naturally in
Peru, and is used in the manufacture of
sulphuric and nitric acids. It is used in
dysentery.
CUBIC PYRITES. A bisulphuret of iron.
CUCKOO-FLOWER. See Cardamine
Pratensis.
CUCUMBER SEEDS. The seeds of
the Cucumis sativus or common cucumber.
They are employed for similar purposes
as the watermelon seeds.
CUCUMBER TREE. The Magnolia acu-
minata, a large tree growing in this coun-
try, the bark of which is considered a
gently stimulant aromatic tonic and dia-
6th. Diclinic system. In this there are
two axes at right angles, and a third
oblique to the plane of these two, the
primary form being a symmetrical eight-phoretic.
sided pyramid.
7th. Doubly-oblique prismatic or tricli-
nic. In this system the three axes are all
inclined obliquely, and of unequal lengths.
Among crystals of this form may be men-
tioned sulphate of copper.
CRYSTALLOIDS. A name applied
to all crystallizable substances, which are
highly diffusible.
CUCUMIS COLOCYNTHIS.
Citrullus Colocynthis.
See
CUCUMIS MELO. (The Muskmelon.)
The seeds are employed for similar pur-
poses as the watermelon seeds.
CUCURBITACEÆ. An order of
plants comprising the genera Megarrhiza,
Elaterium, &c., &c.
CUCURBITA CITRULLUS. The
watermelon, the seeds of which have been
CRYSTALS OF TARTAR. (Cream | employed in affections of the urinary pas-
of Tartar.)
CRYSTALS OF VENUS. A name applied
sages.
CUCURBITA LAGENARIA. The common
\
CUC
CUP
151
Gourd, the seeds of which possess the same
medicinal properties as those of the water-
melon.
CUCURBITA PEPO. The common Pump-
kin, the seeds of which are analogous to
those of the watermelon in medicinal
qualities.
CUDBEAR. A dye made by macerat-
ing lichens in a covered wooden vessel,
with an ammoniacal liquor, consisting
either of stale urine and lime, or prepared
by distilling an impure salt of ammonia
with lime and water. As soon as the
color is fully developed it is dried and pul-
verized.
CUDWEED. (Gnaphalium Margari-
taceum, Life Everlasting.) An indigenous
herb, growing in this country in fields and
woods. It is used as an anodyne.
An Indian
CUICHUNCHULLI.
name for a root medicine of great repute
as a remedy in obstinate skin diseases;
said to be derived from Ionidium marcucci
or Ionidium parviflorum, a plant growing
at the foot of the mountains of Chim-
borazo.
CULILAWAN.
Culilawan.
See Cinnamomum
coction of the fruit is said to be poisonous.
The stem is woody, and covered by a
greenish or ash-gray bark, the former tint
being due to the lichens on its surface.
The branches are from a half inch to a
little over an inch in diameter, averaging
about the thickness of a finger. The
woody fibre is straw-colored and brittle,
breaking with a sharp fracture It is
almost tasteless, having a slightly aromatic
and bitter flavor when chewed. The bark
contains whatever virtues are in the plant.
No crystalline alkaloids or active princi-
ple have been separated by the usual
methods of proximate analysis. By dis-
tillation no volatile oil or acid has been
obtained. Called also Condor Vine.
CUNILA MARIANA. See American
Dittany.
CUNILA PULEGIOIDES. (Hedeoma Pu-
legioides.) The American pennyroyal
plant.
CUPELLATION. A process of ex-
tracting metal from ores.
CUPELS. Little cups made of bones
calcined, pulverized, and washed.
CUPPING-GLASS. A glass vessel,
like a cup, to be applied to the skin before
and after scarification for drawing blood.
CUPRI ACETAS. See Acetate of
Copper.
CUPRI NITRAS. (Nitrate of Copper.)
A salt employed as a caustic in severe
cases of ulceration of the throat and
CULVER'S PHYSIC, (Leptandra.)
CULVER'S ROOT. The root of
Veronica Virginica or Leptandra Virginica,
an herbaceous perennial plant, growing
in this country. It is said to act violently
as a cathartic and sometimes as an emetic.
CUMIN SEED. (Cyminum Cuminum.) | tongue. The ulcers should be dried be-
The fruit of the Cuminum cyminum, an fore it is applied, and afterwards smeared
Egyptian plant, cultivated in Europe. with oil.
They are a stimulating aromatic.
CUPRI SULPHAS. (Sulphate of Copper,
CUMINIC ACID. The oxide of cu- Blue Vitriol, Roman Vitriol, Bluestone.)
myle, composed of C20H1102+0.
A salt obtained by heating sulphuric acid
CUMINOL. A product of the oxida- and copper together, dissolving the soluble
tion of oil of cumin.
CUMINUM,
See Cumin
CUMINUM CYMINUM. Seed.
CUMYL HYDRURET. A distinct
oil, obtained from the oil of cumin seed.
CUNDURANGO. (Asclepias Mata-
perro.) A tree growing in Loja, Ecuador,
the wood and bark of which are valued in
the treatment of cancer, fungous hæma-
todes, and constitutional syphilis. A de-
product in hot water, and evaporating
the solution until crystallization takes
place on cooling. In small doses it is an
astringent and tonic; in large ones, a
prompt emetic.
CUPRO-SULPHATE OF AMMO-
NIA. A double salt, obtained by drop-
ping a solution of pure ammonia into a
solution of sulphate of copper until the
subsalt first thrown down is dissolved;
CUP
CUT
152
then concentrating and precipitating by and Cochin China. It is a stimulant aro-
alcohol.
CUPRUM. See Copper.
CUPRUM ALUMINATUM. (Lapis Divi-
nus, Pierre Divine.) A preparation formed
by mixing, in powder, three ounces each
of sulphate of copper, nitrate of potassa,
and alum, heating the mixture in a cruci-
ble so as to produce watery fusion; then
mixing in a drachm of powdered camphor,
and finally pouring out the whole on an
oiled stone to congeal. The mass, when
cold, is broken into pieces and kept in
well-stopped bottles. It is used in solu-
tion (thirty grains to one pint) in various
affections of the eyes.
CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. (Ammoniated
Copper.) Rub a half ounce of sulphate of
copper and six drachms of carbonate of
ammonia together in a glass mortar until
effervescence ceases; then wrap in bibu-
lous paper, dry with gentle heat, and keep
in well-stopped bottles.
CUPULIFERÆ. An order of plants
comprising the genera Quercus, Corylus,
Castanea, &c., &c.
CURACOA. (Kuraso.) A cordial fla-
vored with orange-peel, cinnamon, and
mace, and deriving its name from the
island of Curaçoa, where it is best made.
CuraÇOA CORDIAL. R. Tincture fresh
orange-peel, one ounce; alcohol, two
ounces; syrup simple, three ounces. Mix.
CURARE. (Urare, Woorali, Woorara,
Woorari.) A powerful poison, prepared
by the aborigines of British Guiana, and
used for arming the points of their weap-
It is said to be a watery extract, of
a resinous character, from a gourd-like
plant.
ons.
CURARIA, The active principle
CURARIN. of Curare.
CURCAS MULTIFIDUS. (Jatropha
Multifida.) A species of Curcas, growing
in Brazil, having seeds similar in appear-
ance and properties to Barbadoes nuts.
CURCAS PURGANS. See Barbadoes Nuts.
CURCUMA. (Turmeric.) The rhi-
zoma of Curcuma longa or C. rotunda, a
perennial plant, native of the East Indies
matic, similar to ginger in its operation.
CURCUMA ARROWROOT. An amylaceous
substance from the East Indies. Used,
in England, only for adulterations.
CURCUMA ANGUSTIFOLIA. A plant of
the East Indies, from the root of which
a variety of arrowroot is obtained of su-
perior quality.
} See Curcuma.
CURCUMA LONGA,
CURCUMA ROTUNDA.
CURCUMA ZEDOARIA. An East India
plant from which the long zedoary root is
obtained (radix zedoariæ longæ).
CURCUMA ZERUMBET. An East India
plant to which was ascribed the source of
the round zedoary root (radix zedoariæ
rotundœ).
CURCUMIC ACID. See Curcumin.
CURCUMIN. A peculiar yellow color-
ing matter, obtained from Curcuma. It
possesses slight acid properties.
CURRANTS, CORINTHIAN.
Corinthian Currants.
See
CURRANT WINE. An elegant wine,
made from the juice of currants by the
vinous fermentation.
CURRY POWDER. A condiment
used for making curry, formed of various
strong spices, as capsicum, turmeric, gin-
ger, &c.
CUSCO BARK. A variety of red
Peruvian bark, collected in the province
of Cusco, in the south of Peru.
CUSCUTA MONOGYNA. A little
climbing plant, which twines itself around
the stems of Pistacia terebinthus. It is
used with great success by the Orientals,
as a household remedy for the skin dis-
eases of children.
CUSPARIA FEBRIFUGA. A name
once applied to the Angustura plant, Gali-
pea officinalis or Galipea cusparia.
CUSPARIN. A crystallizable princi-
ple obtained from an infusion of Angus-
tura bark when treated with alcohol and
allowed to evaporate spontaneously.
CUSSO. (Kousso.) See Bancksia Abys-
sinica.
CUTCH. A name given by English
traders to catechu.
CUT
CYD
153
CUTTLE-FISH.
(Sepia Officinalis.) | equivalent of nitrogen and two of carbon.
It is a gas, which has an odor like that of
crushed peach-leaves, and burns with a
rich purple flame.
A fish which inhabits the seas of Europe.
CUTTLE-FISH BONE. (Os Sepic.) A
calcareous body situated underneath the
skin in the back of the cuttle-fish. It is
used as an ingredient in tooth powders,
&c., and for birds to rub their bills against,
and for polishing purposes.
CYANOHYDRIC ACID. See Acid,
Cyanohydric.
CYANURET. A basic compound of
cyanogen and some other element or com-
CYANACETIC A compound of cyan- pound.
ogen and acetic acid.
CYANURET OF
OF ETHYL. See Ether
CYANATE. A saline compound of Hydrocyanicus.
cyanic acid with a base.
CYANHYDROCHLORIC ACID. A
crystalline compound C₂NH,HCl, odor-
less, of a saline taste, soluble in water,
alcohol, and glacial acetic acid, but is
rapidly changed in these solutions.
CYANIC ACID. A compound of
cyanogen and oxygen.
CYANIDE. A basic compound of
cyanogen with some other element or
compound.
CYANIDE OF ETHYL. See Æther Hy-
drocyanicus.
CYANIDE OF GOLD. A salt employed
in syphilis and obstinate ulcers.
CYANIDE OF MERCURY. See Bicyanide
of Mercury.
CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. (Potassii
Cyanidum, Cyanuret of Potassium, Potassii
Cyanuretum.) A cyanide obtained by
passing a current of strongly heated ni-
trogen over charcoal, impregnated with
carbonate of potassa and heated to white
redness. It is very poisonous, acting like
prussic acid as a poison and as a medicine
CYANIDE OF SILVER. See Argenti
Cyanidum.
CYANIDE OF ZINC. (Zinci Cyanidum,
Cyanuret of Zinc.) A cyanide, precipitated
as a white insoluble powder, by adding,
until it ceases to produce a precipitate, a
solution of cyanide of potassium to a so-
lution of sulphate of zinc. It is an an-
thelmintic, and used also in epilepsy.
CYANIN. An iodine compound of
the composition C₂HN,I. It affords a
most delicate color reagent for acids or
alkalies.
CYANOGEN. A compound acidifying
and basifying principle, composed of one
CYANURET OF GOLD. See Cyanide of
Gold.
CYANURET OF MERCURY.
ide of Mercury.
See Bicyan-
CYANURET OF POTASSIUM. See Cyanide
of Potassium.
CYANURET OF SILVER. See Argenti
Cyanidum.
CYANURIC ACID. A crystallizable
acid obtained by decomposing urea by
heat.
CYCAS REVOLUTA, Species of
CYCAS CIRCINALIS.} Cycas from
which is obtained a farinaceous product
called Japan Sage.
CYCLAMEN EUROPÆUM. (Pain
de Porceau, Sow Bread.) An herbaceous,
perennial, stemless plant of Europe, be-
longing to the order of Primulaceæ, the
root of which is a drastic cathartic, and is
said to have the power of producing abor-
tion.
CYCLAMIN. (Arthanitin.) The ac-
tive principle of Cyclamen Europæum.
See Arthanitin.
CYCLOPIA VOGELII. An African
plant, the leaves and flowers of which are
used by the natives for tea.
CYCLOPIC ACID. An acid possess-
ing an intensely greenish fluorescence,
obtained from the dried leaves and flowers
of Cyclopia Vogelii, which is used by the
African Boers for tea, having the compo-
sition C₁₁₂O.
141 8
CYDONIA VULGARIS. (Pyrus Cy-
donia.) The quince-tree, a native of Crete,
but grows abundantly in this country, the
seeds of which contain mucilage, and are
used for the same purposes as other mu-
cilaginous liquids.
CYD
DAC
154
CYDONIN. A name given to the
peculiar mucilage of the quince seed.
CYDONIUM. (Quince Seed.)
CYMENE. One of the constituents of
coal tar.
CYMINUM. See Cumin Seed.
CYMOL. A product of the oxidation
of oil of cumin.
CYNANCHUM ARGEL. See Argel.
CYNANCHUM MONSPELIACUM. A plant,
the expressed juice of which is said to be
mixed with various resins and purgative
substances in the south of France, and sold
as pure scammony. It is called Factitious
or Montpellier Scammony.
CYNANCHUM VINCETOXICUM. See As-
clepias Vincetoxicum.
CYNAPIA. An alkaloid obtained
from Ethusa cynapium or Fool's parsley.
It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, which
are soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble
in ether, and have an alkaline reaction.
CYNARA SCOLYMUS.
choke, Garden.
See Arti-
CYNIPS KOLLARI. An insect which
produces an inferior quality of galls by
their attacks upon the English oak.
pentine of the ancients, from Pistacia ter-
ebinthus. It is opaque, very thick, green-
ish-yellow, and has the odor of fennel.
CYPRIPEDIN. A name given to a
complex principle obtained from the root
of Cypripedium pubescens or ladies' slipper
by precipitating with water a concentrated
tincture of the root.
CYPRIPEDIUM. (Ladies' Slipper,
Moccasin Plant.) The root of Cypripe-
dium pubescens, an indigenous plant,
growing in all parts of this country. It
is a gentle nervous stimulant or anti-
spasmodic.
CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE,
Species
CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE. S of Cypri-
pedium, said to be possessed of narcotic
properties.
CYPRIPEDIUM HUMILE.
A species
identical with Cypripedium pubescens,
but not so powerful.
A spe-
CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM.
cies of Cypripedium said to be quite equal
to valerian in its properties.
CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS. See Cypri-
pedium.
CYSTINEA. A bitter and neuter
CYNIPS QUERCUSFOLII. (Diplolepis Gal- | substance, obtained from the bark and
la Tinctoriæ.) An insect or fly, with a seeds of Cytisus laburnum.
fawn-colored body, which punctures or
pierces the shoots and young boughs of
several species of oak, and deposits its eggs
in the wound. The parts thus become
irritated and cause a morbid growth or
excrescence, which when gathered consti-
tutes the nutgalls or galls of commerce.
CYNOGLOSSINA. An impure alka-
loid obtained from the Cynoglossum offi-
cinalis. It produced paralysis on frogs in
doses of 0.1 grain.
CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE.
(Hound's Tongue.) A biennial plant, com-
mon in Europe and this country; said to
be poisonous. It has been used in coughs,
hemorrhages, dysentery, and diarrhoea.
CYPHOMANDRA BETACEA. A
plant belonging to the Solaneæ, indigen-
ous in Mexico, and cultivated in gardens
in Italy, the fruits of which are said to be
rich in citric acid.
CYTISIN. A yellowish-white, neuter,
amorphous, deliquescent substance, of a
bitter, nauseous taste, discovered in the
seeds of Cytisus laburnum. Five grains.
of it is said to be equal to three of tartar
emetic.
CYTISUS LABURNUM. (Labur-
num.) A small European tree, cultivated
throughout the world in gardens for the
beauty of its flowers. All parts of the
plants are purgative, and in large doses
poisonous.
CYTISUS SCOPARIUS. (Spartium Sco-
parium, Broom.) A common European
shrub, cultivated in our gardens. It is
diuretic and cathartic, and in large doses
emetic.
D.
DACRYDIUM CUPRESSIMUM.
An indigenous tree of New Zealand,
CYPRIAN TURPENTINE. The tur- which yields a resin used for preparing a
DAF
DAT
155
copal-like varnish. It is distributed quite
extensively throughout the islands, form-
ing large forests. It belongs to the Con-
iferæ.
DAFFODIL. (Narcissus Pseudo-Nar-
cissus.) A plant of the genus Narcissus of
several species; the bulb and flowers are
emetic. It is a native of Europe, though
common in this country.
DAHLIN. Inulin, the fecula obtained
from elecampane resembling starch.
DAJAKSCH.
Borneo.
See
ammonia, or on passing into that liquid a
few bubbles of ammonia gas, a most in-
tense combustion ensues. This is due to
the fact that the ammonia seizes upon the
chloride of sulphur, forming chloride of
ammonium, whereby so much heat is set
free as to cause combustion of the bisul-
phide of carbon and phosphorus dissolved
in it.
DANIELLA THURIFERA. A large
tree growing in Sierra Leone, from which
See Arrow-Poison of a juice exudes through openings made by
insects, which is used as frankincense.
DAPHNE ALPINA, (Spurge
DAPHNE LAUREOLA. Laurel.)
Species of Daphne, the bark of which pos-
sesses properties similar to those of Daphne
mezereum, but is inferior in medical vir-
tues.
DALBY'S CARMINATIVE.
Carminative.
DAMALURIC ACID. An acid con-
tained in the urine of man, cattle or horses,
composed of C₁H1204
DAMARRA AUSTRALIS. The tree
which yields the Gum kauri. It is dis-
tributed quite extensively throughout the
greater portion of New Zealand. The
gum that is brought into commerce is dug
up by the natives from deposits produced
by former conflagrations in the Kauri
forests. It is used for preparing a copal-
like varnish, and, in combination with
fats, is used for making candles.
}
DAPHNE GNIDIUM. (Garou, Sain-bois.)
A species of Mezereum possessing proper-
ties identical with Daphne mezereum.
DAPHNE MEZEREUM. (Mezereum.) A
plant, native of Great Britain, and culti-
vated in Europe. It is a hardy shrub, pro-
ducing a bright red fruit containing a
single round seed. The bark of the root
is most active, but the Mezereon with
which our market is filled, is the bark of
the stem. It is used externally as an epis-
DAMARRA TURPENTINE. A turpentine
derived from Pinus Damarra or Agathis
Damarra, growing in the East India Isl-pastic; internally it is a stimulant capable
ands.
DAMMAR. A name applied to a resin-
ous substance obtained in the East Indies
from a species of Agathis or Damarra, a
tree allied to the pine.
DANDELION. (Taraxacum, Leonto-
don Taraxacum, Taraxacum Dens-Leonis.)
A well-known plant growing throughout
the world. Its root is tonic, diuretic, and
aperient, and said to have a specific action
on the liver.
DANEWORT. A plant called Dwarf
Elder, a species of Sambucus.
of being directed to the skin or kidneys.
DAPHNETIN. A peculiar crystalliz-
able principle obtained by the action of
sulphuric or muriatic acid on daphnin.
DAPHNIN. A peculiar principle dis-
covered in the bark and flowers of Daphne
Alpina and other species.
DARNEL. (Solium Temulentum, Iv-
rail.) A grass indigenous in the Old
World, said to produce deleterious symp-
toms upon the human system.
DATE TREE. The palm tree.
DATISCETIN. A peculiar principle
DANGEROUS INFLAMMABLE | obtained by the action of acids on datis-
LIQUID. When chloride of sulphur of cin. Its composition is C30H10O12-
commerce is mixed with bisulphide of car- DATISCIN. A peculiar crystalliz-
bon, wherein phosphorus has been pre-able colorless principle obtained from the
viously dissolved, a fluid is formed, which, leaves and root of Datisca cannabina,
though emitting fumes in contact with air, composed of CH2O2+·
is harmless; but on addition of liquid
42
DATURA FEROX. A species of Da-
DAT
DEC
156
tura possessing properties identical with minutes, strain, and add sufficient water
those of stramonium.
to make the decoction measure a pint.
DATURA TATULA. A species of Datura
considered by some a variety of Datura
stramonium, and by others a distinct
species.
Datura StramONIUM. (Thorn-apple,
Jamestown Weed.) An annual plant com-
mon in various parts of the world. The
leaves and seeds are powerfully narcotic.
DATURIA. A peculiar alkaline prin-
ciple, resembling atropia in some respects,
obtained from the seeds of the thorn-apple
or Datura stramonium. It is said to be
three times as strong as atropia and less
apt to disturb vision than belladonna.
DAUCUS CAROTA.
DEADLY NIGHTSHADE. See Atro-
pa Belladonna.
See Carota.
DECALITER, Į A French measure
DECALITRE. S of capacity,containing
ten litres or 610.28 cubic inches, equal to
two gallons and 64.44231 cubic inches.
DECANT. To pour off gently, as liquor
from its sediment.
DECANTATION. The act of pouring
off a clear supernatant liquor gently from
its sediment.
DECARBONATE. To deprive a car-
bonate of its acid; to deprive a substance
of its carbon.
DECIGRAM, A French weight,
DECIGRAMME. of one-tenth of a
gramme.
DECOCT. To prepare by boiling.
DECOCTA. Decoctions.
DECOCTION. The act of boiling a
substance in water, for the purpose of
extracting its virtues.
DECOCTION OF BROOM. (Decoctum Sco-
parii.) Boil one ounce of broom tops for
ten minutes in a pint of water, strain, and
add sufficient water to make a pint.
DECOCTION OF DANDELION. (Decoctum
Taraxaci.) Boil one ounce of dandelion
root for ten minutes, in a covered vessel,
in a pint of water, strain, and make up
the measure with water.
DECOCTION OF DOGWOOD. (Decoctum
Cornús Florida.) Boil one ounce of dog-
wood for fifteen minutes in one pint of
water, strain, and add water to a pint.
DECOCTION OF ELM BARK. (Decoctum
Ulmi.) Boil two ounces and a half of
elm bark, in small pieces, in one pint of
distilled water for ten minutes, strain, and
add water to a pint.
DECOCTION OF ICELAND MOSs. (Decoc-
tum Cetrariæ.) Boil a half ounce of Ice-
land moss in a pint of water fifteen min-
utes, strain with compression, and add
water to a pint.
DECOCTION OF LOGWOOD. (Decoctum
Hæmatoxyli.) Boil fifteen minutes, strain,
and add water to a pint; one ounce of
rasped logwood in one pint of water.
DECOCTION OF OAK BARK. (Decoctum
Quercus Albæ, Decoctum Quercus, Decoction
of White Oak Bark.) Boil fifteen minutes,
strain, and add water to a pint; one
ounce of white oak bark in one pint of
water.
DECOCTION OF PAREIRA. (Decoctum
Pareiræ.) Boil fifteen minutes, strain,
and add water to a pint; one ounce and a
half of sliced pareira root in a pint of
DECOCTION OF ALOES, COMPOUND. See water.
Compound Decoction of Aloes.
DECOCTION OF BARLEY. (Barley Water,
Decoctum Hordei.) Boil two ounces of
barley with a half pint of water for a
short time, and throw away the resulting
liquid; then pour on it four pints of boil-
ing water, boil down to two pints, and
strain.
DECOCTION OF BITTERSWEET. (Decoc-
tum Dulcamaræ.) Boil an ounce of bit-
tersweet in a pint of water for fifteen
DECOCTION OF PIPSISSEWAY. (Decoc-
tum Chimaphila, Decoction of Winter
Green.) Boil fifteen minutes, strain, and
add water to a pint; one ounce of bruised
pipsisse way in one pint of water.
DECOCTION OF POMEGRANATE Root.
(Decoctum Granati Radicis.) Boil down
to a pint, strain, and add water to a pint,
if necessary; two ounces of sliced pome-
granate root bark in two pints of water.
DECOCTION OF POPPIES. (Decoctum
DEC
DEL
157
Papaveris.) Boil ten minutes, strain, and
add water to a pint; two ounces of bruised
poppy capsules in one and a half pints of
position differs from mechanical division,
as the latter effects no change in the prop-
erties of the body divided, whereas the
parts decomposed have properties very
DECOCTION OF RED BARK. (Decoction different from those of the substance itself.
water.
of Red Cinchona, Decoctum Cinchona Ru-
bræ.) Boil fifteen minutes, strain, and
add water to a pint; one ounce of bruised
red bark in one pint of water.
DECOCTION OF SARSAPARILLA. (Decoc-
tum Sarsæ.) Digest two ounces and a
half of cut Jamaica sarsaparilla in a pint
and a half of boiling distilled water for
one hour; then boil for ten minutes, cool,
strain, and add water to a pint.
DECOCTION OF SENEKA. (Decoctum
Senegæ.) Boil fifteen minutes, strain,
and add water to a pint; one ounce of
bruised seneka in one pint of water.
DECOCTION OF TARAXACUM. See Decoc-
tion of Dandelion.
DECOCTION OF UVA URSI. Boil fifteen
minutes, strain, and add water to a pint;
one ounce of uva ursi in a pint of water.
DECOCTION OF WINTERGREEN.
Decoction of Pipsisseway.
|
DECOMPOUND. To compound a
second time; to compound or mix with
that which is already compounded; to
form by a second composition.
DECORTICATE.
DECREPITATE.
To strip off bark.
To roast or calcine
in a strong heat, with a continual bursting
or crackling of the substances, as to de-
crepitate salt.
DEERBERRY. Wintergreen.
DEFECATE. To purify; to refine.
DEFLAGRATE. To burn with a sud-
den and sparkling combustion.
DEFLAGRATING FLUX. A flux
proposed for substances insoluble in water,
composed of a mixture of one part char-
coal and six parts nitre; five grains of the
substance is to be intimately mixed with
ten grains of dry carbonate of soda, and
seventy grains of the flux. For the de-
tection of alkalies, take one part of the
DECOCTION OF YELLOW BARK. (Decoc- substance, and mix it with one part flow-
tum Cinchona Flava.) Boil fifteen min-ers of sulphur and six parts nitrate of
utes, strain, and add water to a pint; one baryta, and fuse or heat quickly to defla-
ounce of bruised yellow cinchona in a pint gration.
of water.
See
DECOCTION OF ZITTMAN. (Decoctum
Zittmani.) A decoction of sarsaparilla,
used in Germany for the same purposes as
the compound decoction of sarsaparilla.
DECOCTUM AD ICTERICOS. An
old preparation of the Edinburgh Phar-
macopœia, in which the Chelidonium ma-
jus or celandine was the chief ingredient.
DECOLORIZE. To deprive of color.
DECOMPOSE. To separate the con-
stituent parts of a body or a substance;
to disunite elementary particles combined
by affinity or chemical attraction; to
resolve into original elements.
DECOMPOSITE. Compounded the
second time; compounded with things
already composite.
DECOMPOSITION. Analysis; the
act of separating the constituent parts of
a compound body or substance. Decom-
DEFLAGRATION. A rapid combus-
tion of a mixture, attended with much
evolution of flame and vapor, as of nitre
and charcoal.
DEHISCENCE. The opening of cap-
sules in plants.
DELAWARE WATER. An esteemed
water containing about 3.53 grains of
solid matter to the gallon.
DELIBLE. That can be blotted out.
DELIQUATE, To melt gradually
DELIQUESCE. and become liquid
by attracting and absorbing moisture
from the air, as certain salts, acids, and
alkalies.
DELIQUESCENCE. Spontaneous li-
quefaction in the air; a gradual melting
or becoming liquid by absorption of water
from the atmosphere.
DELPHINE,
DELPHINIA.
A poisonous organic
alkali obtained from
DEL
DES
158
|
the seeds of Delphinium staphisagria or Powder.) R. Charcoal, six parts; pow-
Stavesacre. It resembles veratria in its dered myrrh, powdered cinchona, each
external application.
one part. Mix thoroughly.
DELPHINIC ACID. A name for-
merly given to an acid obtained from the
oil of the dolphin; it has since been dis-
covered to be identical with valerianic or
valeric acid.
DELPHINIUM. (Larkspur.) The
root of Delphinium consolida or larkspur,
an annual European plant growing in
this country. It possesses properties anal-
ogous to those of the D. staphisagria.
DELPHINIUM CONSOLIDA.
phinium.
See Del-
DELPHINIUM EXALTATUM. A species
of Delphinium possessing properties simi-
lar to those of D. staphisagria.
DELPHINIUM STAPHISAGRIA. (Staves-
acre.) A handsome biennial plant, native
of Europe, the seeds of which are a pow-
erful emetic and cathartic. They intoxi-
cate fish in the same manner as Cocculus
indicus.
DEMULCENT.
A medicine which
lessens the effect of irritation on the
solids; that which softens or modifies, as
gums, roots of marshmallow, and the bark
of the elm, and other mucilaginous sub-
stances.
DENARCOTIZE. To deprive of nar-
cotine.
DENARCOTIZED EXTRACT OF
OPIUM. Extract of opium, deprived of
its narcotina by treating it with ether,
which dissolves the narcotina, and leaves
the morphia with the other ingredients.
DENTIFRICE, HUDSON'S. R. Prepared
chalk, three parts; powdered myrrh, pow-
dered orris root, each one part; red chalk,
one-sixteenth part. Thoroughly powder
the ingredients, and mix them through a
fine sieve.
DEOBSTRUENT. A medicine which
removes obstructions, and opens the natu-
ral passages of the fluids of the body.
DEODORIZE. To deprive of odor.
DEODORIZED TINCTURE OF
OPIUM. (Tinctura Opii Deodorata.) A
tincture of opium deprived of the noxious
odorous matter peculiar to opium.
DEOXYDATE. To deprive of oxy-
gen.
DEPHLEGMATION. The operation
of separating water from spirits and acids
by evaporation or repeated distillation ;
called concentration when acids are sub-
jects treated.
DEPILATORY. Any application
which is used to take off the hair. See
Atkinson's Depilatory; see also Calcii Sul-
phuretum.
DEPURATE. To purify.
DEPURATION. The act of purifying
or freeing liquids from heterogeneous
matter. This is done by decantation,
when the feculent matter is deposited on
the bottom of the vessel; or by despuma-
tion, effected by boiling, or fermentation
and skimming, or by filtration or clari-
fication.
DESHLER'S SALVE. See Ceratum
Resinæ Compositum.
DENARCOTIZED LAUDANUM. Laud-
anum prepared by substituting the ex-
tract of opium in half the quantity for
the opium itself, and previously to the
maceration in diluted alcohol, exhausting
it of the narcotina by ether.
DENSITY. Closeness of constituent moisture.
parts.
DENTELAIRE. (Dentellaria.) A
French name for Plumbago Europœa or
leadwort, a perennial herb growing in the
south of Europe, the root of which is used
to relieve toothache.
DESICCANT. A medicine that dries
a sore.
DESICCATE. To dry; to exhaust of
DESPUMATE. To foam; to froth;
to form froth or scum.
DESPUMATION. The act of throw-
ing off excrementitious matter, and form-
ing a froth or scum on the surface of liquor.
DESULPHURATE. To deprive of
DENTIFRICE, CHARCOAL. (Tooth | sulphur.
DET
DIA
159
DETERSIVE.
cleanse.
Having power
to
DETONATE. To cause to explode;
to burn or inflame with a sudden report.
DETONATION. An explosion or sud-
den report made by the inflammation of
certain combustible bodies.
DEUTOHYDROGURET. A com-
com-
pound of two equivalents of hydrogen with
one of some other element.
DEUTOXIDE. A compound of two
equivalents of oxygen with one of a base.
DEUTOXIDE OF LEAD. (Puce Oxide
of Lead.) An oxide obtained by treat-
ing red lead with nitric acid. The acid
takes up the protoxide and leaves the
deutoxide, which may be purified by wash-
ing with boiling water.
DE VALANGIN'S ARSENICAL
SOLUTION. See Arsenical Solution.
DEVAPORATION. The change of
vapor into water.
DEWBERRY. See Rubus Canadensis.
DEWEES' BREAST-PLASTER. R.
Lead plaster, three ounces; ammoniac
plaster, half ounce; Logan's plaster, one
and a half ounces; spermaceti, camphor,
of each, two drachms. Melt the plasters
together; then add the spermaceti and
camphor, and remove from the fire.
DEWEES' CARMINATIVE. R. Carb
magnes., one and a half ounce; sugar,
three ounces; tr. asafoetida, three ounces;
tr. opium, one ounce; water, one and a
half pints. Triturate together until they
are mixed.
DEXTRIN. A substance of a gummy
appearance, into which the interior mole-
cules of starch are converted by diastase
or acids. It is named from its turning
the plane of polarization to the right
hand. It is identical with starch in com-
position, and is easily converted into
sugar.
DEXTRO-TARTARIC ACID. Ordi-
nary tartaric acid; it has the power of
turning the plane of polarization of polar-
ized light, and may be converted into
racemic acid.
DHAK TREE. See Butea Frondosa.
DI. A prefix denoting the number
two.
DIABETIC URINE. An alkaline
solution of oxide of bismuth, is an excel-
lent reagent for sugar in urine.
DIACHYLON, A plaster origi-
DIACHYLUM.nally composed of
the juices of several plants, but now made
of an oxide of lead and oil. See Emplas-
trum Plumbi.
DIACODIUM. An old name for the
syrup of poppies.
DIAGOMETER, ELECTRICAL. An
apparatus for ascertaining the conducting
power of oil as a means of detecting its
adulteration. It consists of one of Zam-
bom's dry piles, and a feebly magnetized
needle moving freely on a pivot. The
deviation of the needle is less in propor-
tion to the low conducting power of the
interposed substance.
DIAGRYDIUM or DIACRYDIUM.
One part of quince-juice and two parts of
scammony digested for twelve hours, and
evaporated to dryness.
DIALURIC ACID. An acid produced
by the decomposition of alloxanthin.
DIALYSIS. A name given to a pro-
cess based upon the different diffusibility
of liquids, by which mixed substances
may often be separated from each other.
See remarks in toxicological table, second
part.
DIALYZED FERRIC OXIDE. A
preparation of iron, proposed as an anti-
dote to arsenic. It has been prepared from
the officinal concentrated liquors of ferric
chloride, ferric acetate, &c, by careful
precipitation with ammonia and subse-
quent solution in some of the iron liquor,
avoiding warmth.
DIAMOND. The purest natural form
of carbon.
DIAMOND CEMENT. See Armenian Ce-
ment.
CARBONATE.
DIAMMONIAC
(Normal Carbonate of Ammonia.) This
has not yet been obtained in a solid state.
It has been prepared by macerating the
commercial carbonate of ammonia in
liquor ammoniæ; the remaining undis-
DIA
DIE
160
solved mass is the diammoniac carbonate; | most care. It is said to surpass fulminate
by introduction of some free ammonia gas, of mercury in explosive force.
all is dissolved.
DIBROMO-THIOSINNAMIDE.
DIANTHUS
See Carnation.
A
CARYOPHYLLUS. compound consisting of CH.N₂SBг2,
formed by dropping bromine fractionally
to a solution of thiosinnamide in alcohol.
DIBROMO-CORYAMYRTIN. A crystal-
line, anhydrous compound, sparingly solu-
ble in water, freely soluble in boiling al-
cohol, and of an intensely bitter taste,
composed C3H4O10 Br₂, and obtained by
the action of bromine on coryamyrtin.
DICHASTASIS. Spontaneous subdi-
DIAPALMA. A plaster composed of
equal parts of litharge, olive oil, axunge,
water, a certain quantity of sulphate of
zinc dissolved in water, and white wax. It
is classed among the topical, desiccative,
emollient, resolvent, detersive, and cica-
trizing medicines; mixed with a quarter of
its weight of olive oil, it acquires the con-
sistence of an ointment, and forms the
Cerate of Diapalma.
DIAPASM. A powder or perfume.
DIAPENTE. Equal parts of myrrh,
laurel berries, gentian root, ivory shav-
ings, and birth wort root.
DIAPHORETIC. A medicine which
vision.
DICHLORACETIC ACID. A com-
pound formed by the action of chlorine
on acetic acid; one or more equivalents
of hydrogen being substituted by one or
more equivalents of chlorine.
This acid possesses powerful caustic vir-
tues, producing little pain, acts more
promotes perspiration; a sudorific, sweat-locally, and allows a quicker healing.
ing. Diaphoretics differ from sudorifics; DICHLOROXYPHENYL-SUL-
the former only increase the insensible PHURIC ACID. An acid formed by
perspiration, the latter excite the sensible the direct introduction of chlorine into
discharge called sweat.
oxyphenyl-sulphuric acid.
DICHLORPHENOL.
DIAPHORETIC ANTIMONY. See Antimo-
nium, &c.
A compound
formed by passing a current of dry chlor-
DIAPHORETIC MIXTURE. R. Vini an-ine through phenol, and purified by re-
timonii, spiritus ætheris nitrici, aa 3ss.;
tincturi digitalis, fzi; syrupi acidi citrici,
fziij. Misce.
Sig. Take a teaspoonful every three or
four hours.
peated rectification and recrystallization
from benzole. It forms crystalline salts
of no great stability.
DICHROISM. The property observed
in some crystals of presenting different
colors when viewed in two different direc-
|tions.
DIASTASE. A peculiar substance
generated during the germination of grain
for the brewery, tending to accelerate the
DICOTYLEDON. A plant whose seeds
formation of sugar during the fermenta- divide into two lobes in germinating.
tion of worts. It contains nitrogen.
DICTAMUS ALBUS. See Bastard
DIDUCTION. Separation by with-
drawing one part from another.
DIDYMIUM. A metal discovered in
the ores of Cerium.
DIAZOBENZOLE. A new explosive | Dittany.
compound, prepared by acting upon hy- DIDODECAHEDRAL. A crystal hav-
drochlorate of anilin with two equiva- ing the form of a dodecahedral prism with
lents of muriatic acid and one of nitrate hexahedral summits.
of soda, the latter being added gradually.
The mixture is left to itself as long as ni-
trogen is disengaged. The diazobenzole
is precipitated from this in the form of
chromate or chloro-chromate, by the ad-
dition of one equivalent bichromate of po-
tassa and one equivalent muriatic acid,
and, after separation, is dried with the ut-
DIERVILLA CANADENSIS,
DIERVILLA TRIFIDA.
See Bush Honeysuckle.
DIET DRINK, LISBON. A drink of
DIE
DIN
161
which the officinal compound decoction of stance, obtained from digitalis when boiled
sarsaparilla is an imitation.
with dilute sulphuric acid.
DIETIC. Pertaining to diet, or the
rules to be observed for regulating the
kind and quantity of food to be eaten.
DIFFUSATE. A term applied to
water which has become impregnated with
crystalloid matter in the process of dialy-
sis.
DIFFUSIBLE.
That may flow or
spread in all directions.
DIGITALIS. (Foxglove.) The leaves
of Digitalis purpurea, a beautiful plant,
growing wild in Europe. It is narcotic,
sedative, and diuretic. Its seeds are said
to be ten times stronger than the leaves,
but are little used.
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. See Digitalis.
DIGITALOSE. See Digitalierin.
DIGITASOLIN. See Digitalin.
DIGITATE. A digitate leaf is one
which branches into several distinct leaf-
lets, like fingers; or when a simple undi-
A vessel calculated to vided petiole connects several leaflets at
the end of it.
DIGEST. To soften and prepare by
heat; to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler
or matrass.
DIGESTER.
increase the solvent power of water.
DIGESTION. A term employed to
denote the action of liquids upon medi-
cines, when allowed to remain upon them
for some time at a heat from 90° to 100°.
DIGESTIVE. A medicine which in-
creases the tone of the stomach, and aids
digestion.
DIGITALEIC ACID. One of four
organic acids, obtained from digitalis.
DIGITALIA. A name proposed for a
volatile alkaloid, said to have been ob-
tained from digitalis leaves. It is now
called Digitalinum fluidum.
DIGITATE JALAP. (Jalap Digite) A
false jalap, found in the markets in France.
DIHEXAHEDRAL. Having the form
of a hexahedral prism with trihedral sum-
mits.
DI-IOD-ACETONE. A straw-yellow
oil, of the composition CH,O,Ig, formed
by moderately heating a weak solution of
chloride of iodine with pure acetone in a
long-necked flask. It is heavier than
water, possesses a sharp, acrid taste, and
cannot be distilled without decomposition.
DILATE. To widen; to expand in all
DIGITALIC ACID. An organic acid, directions.
obtained from digitalis.
A
DIGITALIDE. A peculiar neuter
principle, obtained from digitalis.
DIGITALIERIN. (Digitalose.)
peculiar neuter crystalline principle, ob-
tained from digitalis.
DIGITALIN. (Digitasolin.) A taste-
less and probably inert constituent of
digitalis.
DIGITALINE.
principle of digitalis.
DILL. An annual plant of the Ane-
thum graveolens, the seeds of which are
moderately warming, pungent, and aro-
matic.
DILL FRUIT. (Anethi Fructus:) See
Anethum Graveolens.
DILL WATER. See Aqua Anethi.
DILUENT. That which thins or at-
tenuates; that which makes more liquid;
The active bitter that which weakens the strength of, as
water, which, mixed with wine or alcohol,
reduces the strength of it.
DIGITALINIC ACID. An acid
formed by the action of caustic soda upon
digitaline.
DIGITALINUM,
DIGITALIN,
DIGITALIUM.
}
Terms applied
to a principle ob-
tained from digi-
talis, identical with digitaline, but differ-
ing in its degree of solubility in water.
DIGITALINUM FLUIDUM. See Digitalia.
DIGITALIRETIN. A peculiar sub-
DILUTED. Made liquid; rendered
more fluid; weakened.
DILUTED ACIDS. See Acids.
DILUTED SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE OF
LEAD. (Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilu-
tus, Lead Water, Goulard's Extract.) Mix
three fluid ounces of solution of subacetate
of lead with a pint of distilled water.
DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. A
11
DIN
DIS
162
solution of magnesia in carbonic acid chloride of anilina for thirty to thirty-five
water.
DINNER PILLS. (Lady Webster's
Pills, Pilula Stomachicæ.) Make three-
grain pills from a muss composed of six
drachms of Socotrine aloes, two drachms
each of mastic and red roses, and formed
with syrup of wormwood.
DIOPTASE. A rare ore of copper,
consisting of silica and copper, with twelve
per cent. of water. It occurs in rich
emerald-green crystals, having the form
of six-sided prisms, terminated at each end
by a three-sided prism.
DIOSCOREA SATIVA. (Yam) A
West India tree whose roots furnish a
substitute for arrowroot.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA. See Colic Root.
DIOSCOREIN. A substance obtained
from colic root by precipitating a concen-
trated tincture of it with water.
DIOSMA. A genus of plants which
formerly included the buchu.
DIOSMA CRENATA.
nata.
DIOSMACEÆ,
See Barosma Cre-
That order of plants
DIOSMEÆ. to which the genus
Esenbeckia belong; also the genus Diosma.
DIOSPYROS. (Persimmon.) The
unripe fruit of Diospyros Virginiana, or
persimmon, a tree common in this country.
It is astringent.
DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA.
TUS.
An
hours. The product is a mixture of chlo-
ride of diphenylamine, chloride of anilina,
and uncombined anilina, and a larger or
small amount of coloring matter, accord-
ing to the operation. By treating the
mixture with chlorhydric acid and twenty
to thirty times as much water, the dipheny-
lamine separates in the form of oily
globules, which solidify on cooling, and
may be purified by repeated crystallization
from ether or benzole.
DIPLOLEPIS GALLE TINCTO-
RIE. See Cynips Quercusfolii.
DIPPEL'S ANIMAL OIL. (Oleum
Cornu Cervi.) An oil obtained during
the distillation of bones. It is stimulant
and antispasmodic.
DIPTERACEAE. A family of plants
including the genera Dipterix and Dryo-
balanops.
DIPTERIX ODORATA. See Couma-
rouna Odorata.
DIPTEROCARPUS TURBINATUS.
A large tree growing in India, from which
a kind of bulsam of copaiba is obtained,
called Wood Oil and Gurjun Balsam.
DIRCA PALUSTRIS. (Leather Wood.)
A shrub of this country, the berries of
which are said to be narcotic and poison-
ous. The bark is similar to mezereon.
DISCOLOR. To alter the natural hue
See Diospy- or color; to stain; to tinge. A drop of
caramel will discolor a glass of water.
DISCUTIENT. A medicine or appli-
cation which disperses a tumor or any
coagulated fluid in the body.
DIOXYBEHENOLIC ACID.
acid formed by the action of fuming nitric
acid, added drop by drop to behenolic acid.
It crystallizes in shining scales of a faint
yellow tint, is insoluble in water and less
readily soluble in alcohol than behenolic
acid. Along with this acid, brassylic acid
is formed, obtained in the form of white
or faintly-red scales, which are sparingly
soluble in water.
DIOXYLITE. A native salt of lead,
of a pale greenish or yellowish color, con-
sisting of the carbonate and sulphate of
lead.
DIPHENYLAMINE.
DISEMBITTER. To free from bit-
terness.
DISENGAGE. To separate a substance
from anything with which it is in union;
to free; to loose; to liberate, as to disen-
gage carbonic acid from chalk.
DISENGAGEMENT. A setting free.
DISERNESTON GUMMIFERUM.
A title formerly applied to the Dorema
ammoniacum. See Ammoniac.
A compound DISINFECTANT. An agent for re-
prepared by heating one and a half equiv-moving the causes of infection; for puri-
alents pure aniline with one equivalent | fying from contagious matter.
DIS
DIU
163
DISINFECTING FLUID,
BUR- fatty bodies to the action of water at a
NETT'S. See Burnett's Disinfecting high temperature under pressure, whereby
Fluid.
their constituents combine with water.
DISTILLED OILS. Oils obtained by dis-
tillation. They are sometimes called es-
DISINFECTING LIQUID, LABARRAQUE's.
See Chloride of Soda Solution.
DISINTEGRATION. The act of sepa-sential oils, from possessing the peculiar
rating integral parts of a substance as dis-
tinguished from decomposition, or the
separation of constituent parts.
properties of the plants from which they
are obtained in a concentrated state.
DISTILLED VERDIGRIS. A popular but
inappropriate name for acetate of copper.
DISTILLED VINEGAR. (Acetum Destil-
DISOXIDATE. To reduce from oxi-
dation; to reduce from the state of an
oxide by disengaging oxygen from a sub-latum.) From eight pints of vinegar dis-
stance.
DISPENSARY. A house, office, shop,
or store, in which medicines are dis-
pensed.
DISPENSATORY. A book contain-
ing the method of preparing the various
kinds of medicines used in pharmacy.
DISPLACEMENT. The act of dis-
placing or removing.
DISSOLUTION. The act of liquefying
or changing from a solid to a fluid state.
DISSOLVE. To liquefy; to convert
from a solid or fixed state to a fluid state
by means of heat or moisture.
DISSOLVENT. A solvent.
DISTIL. To extract by heat; to sep-
arate spirit or essential oils from liquor
by heat or evaporation, and to convert
that vapor into a liquid by condensation
in a refrigerator; to separate the volatile
parts of a substance by heat.
DISTILLATION. The act of falling
in drops, or the act of pouring or throw-
ing down in drops. The vaporization
and subsequent condensation of a liquid
by means of an alembic, or still and re-
frigeratory, or of a retort and a receiver;
the operation of extracting spirit from a
substance by evaporation and condensa-
tion.
Dry Distillation is a term applied to
the distillation of substances by themselves
or without the addition of water.
Destructive Distillation is the distillation
of substances at very high temperatures,
so that the ultimate elements are separated
or evolved in new combinations.
DISTILLED GLYCERIN. A solu-
tion of glycerin obtained by subjecting
til, by means of a sand-bath, from a glass
retort into a glass receiver, seven pints.
It may be substituted for dilute acetic
acid in preparing the officinal vinegars.
DISTILLED WATER. Distil sixty-six
from eighty pints of water, and throw
away the first two pints.
A
DISTYLIUM RACEMOSUM.
large tree of Japan, from which a velvety
gall, resembling the Chinese galls, is ob-
tained.
DISULPHATE. A sulphate contain-
ing two equivalents of sulphuric acid.
DISULPHATE OF CINCHONIA. A sul-
phate of cinchonia, consisting of two
equivalents of base, one of acid and two
of water.
DISULPHATE OF QUINIA. See Sulphate
of Quinia.
DISULPHURET. A sulphuret con-
taining two equivalents of sulphur to one
of base.
DITHIONATE OF SODA. (Hypo-
sulphite of Soda.)
DITHIONOUS ACID. (Hyposulphur-
ous Acid.)
DITOLYLAMINE. A compound pre-
pared by the same process as that in which
diphenylamine is prepared, substituting
chloride and pure toluidine for the ani-
lines.
DITOPLAXIS MURALIS. (Sisym-
brium Muralis.) A species of sisymbrium
used in France in scrofulous affections.
DITTANY. See American Dittany.
DITTANY, BASTARD. See Bastard Dit-
tany.
DIURETIC. A medicine that pro-
vokes urine or increases its discharge.
DIU
DRA
164
DIURETIC SALT. The acetate of po- | half an ounce of water, and, when dis-
solved, add seven and a half ounces of
tassa.
DIVINUM REMEDIUM. A popular water, and filter.
name for masterwort.
DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS.
Pills composed of aloes, scammony, rhu-
barb, and tartar emetic.
DOCK, YELLOW. (Rumex.) The
root of Rumex crispus, a perennial plant
with a yellow root. It grows in Europe
and this country, and is considered astrin-
gent, tonic, and alterative.
DOCTOR GUM. (Hog-gum, Gum-hog.)
A variety of Bassora gum, said to be de-
rived from the Moronobea coccinea by
wounding its bark.
DOG BUTTONS. See Nux Vomica.
DOG GRASS. See Chiendent.
DOG ROSE. (Rosa Canina, Wild Brier,
Hep Tree.) A plant, native of Europe,
the fruit of which is employed in sundry
preparations, and is called Hips.
DOG'S BANE. The common
The common name
for a species of Apocynum. See Apo-
cynum Androsæmifolium.
DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET. (Erythronium
Americanum.) An indigenous perennial
plant, possessing emetic properties.
DOG WOOD. See Cornus Florida.
DOGWOOD, JAMAICA. (Piscidia Ery-
thrina.) A powerful narcotic plant, said
to be capable of producing sleep and re-
lieving pain.
DOGWOOD, ROUND-LEAVED.
nus Circinata.
See Cor-
DOREMA AMMONIACUM.
Ammoniac.
See
DORSCH. (Gadus Callarias, Morrhua
Americana.) A species of Gadus contribu-
ting to the supply of the cod-liver oil of
commerce.
DORSTEMIA BRASILIENSIS. Sce
Contrayerva.
DORSTEMIA DRAKENA,
Species of
DORSTEMIA HOUSTONIA,} Dorstem is
possessing properties similar to Contra-
yerva.
DOSE. The quantity of medicine given
or prescribed to be taken at one time. (See
Posological Table, in second part of this
work.)
DOUBLE AQUAFORTIS. A nitric
acid of the arts. It is half the strength
of concentrated nitric acid. Its sp. gr. is
1.36.
DOVER'S POWDER. See Compound
Powder of Ipecacuanha.
DRACENA DRACO. A large tree
of the Canary Islands which produces a
variety of dragon's blood.
DRACHMA, Į A weight of the eighth
DRAM.
part of an ounce, or sixty
grains.
DRACIN. A supposed alkaloid, ob-
tained from dragon's blood.
DRACONIN. A red resin obtained
from dragon's blood, or the inspissated
DOGWOOD, SWAMP. See Cornus Sericea.juice of the plant Calamus draco.
DOLICHOS PRURIENS. See Mu-
cuna.
DOLOMITE.
DRACONTIUM. (Skunk Cabbage.)
The root of Dracontium fœtidum, Ictodes
The double carbonate fœtidus, or Symplocarpus fœtidus, a curious
plant growing in this country. It is stimu-
of magnesia and lime.
DOMBEYA EXCELSA. A turpen- lant, antispasmodic, and narcotic.
tine tree growing in Chili.
DOMBEYA TURPENTINE. A glutinous
milky-looking fluid, of a strong odor and
taste, derived from Dombeya excelsa.
DRAGON-ROOT. (Indian Turnip.)
See Arum Triphyllum.
DRAGONS. See Sanguisuga Troctena.
DRAGON'S BLOOD. (Sanguis Draconis.)
A resinous substance obtained from the
fruit of several species of Calamus; Cala-
mus rotang and Calamus draco particularly,
which are small palms growing in Siam,
the Molucca Islands, and other parts of
DONOVAN'S SOLUTION. (Liquor
Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi, Solution of
Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury, Solution of
Hydriodate of Arsenic and Mercury.) Rub
together thirty-five grains each of iodide
of arsenic and red iodide of mercury with the East Indies.
DRI
DUT
165
DRIED SULPHATE OF IRON. See power of ordinary gunpowder, and con-
Ferri Sulphas Exsiccata.
DRIED YEAST. Yeast prepared by
washing it with water, expressing the
liquid portion, and spreading the residue
to dry.
DRIMYS CHILENSIS,
Species
of Dri-
mys
DRIMYS GRANATENSIS,
DRIMYS MEXICANA.
possessing properties similar to those of
Drimys Winteri.
DRIMYS WINTERI. (Winter's Bark,
Wintera.) A plant, growing in Chili,
Mexico, New Granada, and various parts
of South America. Its bark is a stimu-
lant aromatic tonic, and resembles canella.
DROPS. A drop is generally, though
incorrectly, considered as equivalent to a
minim. Drops vary in size according to
the nature of the fluid, and the size and
shape of the lip from which they fall. A
drop of water nearly equals a minim.
The drachm used by the pharmacists of
this country contains 60 minims, but a
fluid ounce of antimonial wine will make
on an average 72 drops; one of laudanum,
120 drops; of alcohol, 138 drops; ether,
150 drops; and chloroform, more than
200.
DRUG. The general name of substan-
ces used in medicine; sold by the drug-
gist, and compounded by the pharmacist
or chemist.
DRUMMOND LIGHT. A very intense
light, produced by turning two streams of
gas, one oxygen and the other hydrogen,
in a state of ignition, upon a ball of lime.
DRYING OIL. Oil deprived of its
unctuous feel by being converted into a
transparent yellowish, flexible solid.
DRYOBALANOPS AROMATICA.
(Dryobalanops Cumphora.) A very large
forest tree in the islands of Borneo and
Sumatra, which produces a variety of
camphor.
1
sisting of cellulose, nitro-cellulose, nitro-
starch, nitro-mannite, and nitro-glycerin,
mixed in different proportions, according
to the degree of strength desired for differ-
ent purposes.
DUGONG OIL. An oil obtained from
several species of Halecore, Halecore du-
gong and Halecore Australis, proposed as
a substitute for cod-liver oil.
DULCAMARA. See Bittersweet.
DULCAMARINA. A peculiar princi-
ple, composed of CHNO, said to exist
in early spring in the stem of bittersweet.
DULCIFICATION. The act of sweet-
ening.
DULCIFIED SPIRIT. A term fre-
quently applied to a compound of alcohol
with mineral acids, as dulcified spirits of
nitre.
DULCIFY. To sweeten.
DULCIN,
DULCITE,
DULCOSE.
A substance like man-
nite, from an unknown
plant of Madagascar.
DUPUYTREN'S
OINTMENT OF
SPANISH FLIES. An ointment for
the prevention of loss of hair, made by
macerating a drachm of flies in an ounce
of alcohol, and incorporating one part of
it with nine parts of lard.
DUST. To sprinkle with a powder;
as the powder of licorice root is fre-
quently used for dusting newly made pills.
DUTCH CAMPHOR. (Japan ›Cam-
phor, Tub Camphor.) A superior variety
of camphor, which reaches our market
from Japan through the Dutch.
DUTCH LIQUID. See Bichloride of
Ethylen.
DUTCH METAL. Copper, brass, and
bronze leaf, combined or mixed in certain
proportions.
DUTCH PINK. A yellow or brownish-
yellow paint, consisting of clay or a mix-
DRYOBALANOPS CAMPHOR. See Borneo ture of clay and chalk, or carbonate of
Camphor.
DUALIN. The name of a new ex-
plosive compound, burning without explo-
sion in the open air, but exploding when
confined, with from four to ten times the
lime in the form of whiting, colored by
a decoction of wood, French berries or
birch leaves.
DUTCH-TRIMMED OR BATAVIAN RHU-
BARB. A variety of Chinese rhubarb
DUV
ECB
166
trimmed and prepared to resemble Rus- spirit, originally prepared at Cologne, a
sian or Turkey rhubarb.
town in France.
DUVANA DEPENDENS. An ever-
green shrub, indigenous throughout Co-
quimbo, Santiago, Concepcion, and Chili.
From the stems a purgative resin exudes,
which is employed in the form of plaster,
spread on paper, as a specific for pains
contraction of the muscles and sinews, and
for hernia.
EAU DE JAVELLE. See Chloride of
Potassa Solution.
EAU DE LUCE. A strong solution of
ammonia, scented, and rendered milky by
mastic and oil of amber. It is used in
India as an antidote to the venom of
poisonous serpents.
EAU MEDICINALE D'HUSSON. A French
DWARF ELDER. See Aralia Nudi- preparation, celebrated for the cure of
caulis.
gout, in which colchicum root is the chief
ingredient.
DWARF NETTLE. (Urtica Urens.) A
plant, having properties similar to those of
the common nettle or Urtica dioica.
DYER'S ALKANET. See Anchusa
Tinctoria.
EAU DE PAGLIARI. Dissolve 90 grains
benzoin in 225 grains alcohol of 90 per
cent; add 10 fluid ounces of water and
450 grains of alum; mix, and boil until the
DYER'S BROOM, See Genista Tineto- liquid becomes clear; filter after cooling.
DYER'S WEED.
ria.
DYER'S OAK. (Quercus Infectoria.) A
small tree or shrub growing in Asia Minor,
from which large quantities of nutgalls
are obtained.
DYER'S SAFFRON. See Carthamus.
E.
EBONY. The popular name of various
species of different genera of plants.
EBULLITION. The operation of
boiling; the agitation of a liquor by heat,
which throws it up in bubbles; or the
agitation produced in a fluid by the escape
of a portion of it, converted into an aeri-
form state by heat. Ebullition is produced
by the heat of fire directly applied, or by
EARTH. The term earth was at one the heat or caloric evolved by any sub-
time employed to denote a supposed sim-stance in mixture. Thus, in slaking lime,
ple elementary body or substance, defined the caloric set at liberty by the absorption
to be tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable,
and infusible; but it has also been applied
to substances which have a very sensible
alkaline taste, as lime. The primitive
earths have been reckoned ten in number,
of which five have been considered earths
proper, namely, alumina, glucina. yttria,
zirconia, and thorina; four possess decided
alkaline properties, namely, baryta, stron-
tia, lime or calcia, and magnesia; and one,
silica, is regarded as an acid, and often
called silicic acid. They are all, except
silica, compounds of oxygen with metallic
bases.
of water produces ebullition. Efferves-
cence, which is occasioned by fermentation
or by any other process which causes the
extrication of an aeriform fluid, as in the
mixture of an acid with a carbonated
alkali.
ECBALII FRUCTUS. (Squirting Cu-
cumber Fruit.) The fruit of the wild or
squirting cucumber.
•
ECBALIN. A name proposed as a
substitute for Elaterin.
ECBALIUM AGRESTE. (Momordica
Elaterium, Ecbalium Elaterium, Ecbalium
Officinarum.) The wild or squirting cu-
EAST INDIA ARROWROOT. See cumber plant, a native of the south of
Arrowroot.
EAST INDIA KINO. See Kino.
EAST INDIA REFINED SALTPETRE. The
finer quality of saltpetre, obtained from
Calcutta.
Europe, the juice of the fruit of which
deposits a substance called elaterium,
which is a powerful hydragogue cathartic.
ECBALIUM ELATERIUM, } See Ec-
ECBALIUM OFFICINARUM. balium Ag-
Š
EAU DE COLOGNE. A perfumed reste.
ECB
ELÆ
167
ECBOLINA. A new fixed alkaloid,
said to have been discovered in ergot.
ECCOPROTIC. A mild cathartic.
ECGONIN. A new base, obtained by
heating cocaina with muriatic acid.
ECHIINA. An alkaloid obtained from
Echium vulgare. It resembles Cynoglos-
sina in its chemical and physical charac-
ters; but differs from the latter, as it does
not produce paralysis, but tetanic convul-
sions and a rigidity of the muscles, which
continues several days.
ECHITES CHILENSIS. A root called
Quilmai in Chili. It belongs to the
Apocynaceae, and is used in the form of a
powder as an emetic and sternutatory.
ECLECTIC. Selecting; choosing. An
eclectic physician is one who selects or
chooses from the various systems of medi-
cine that which, in his judgment, is sound
and rational.
consisting of twenty-five grains of tartaric
acid in one paper and thirty grains of
bicarbonate of soda in another. They
are administered in solution together.
EFFERVESCING SOLUTION OF LITHIA.
(Liquor Lithic Effervescens, Lithia Water.)
A preparation formed by dissolving lithia
in carbonic acid water, in the proportion
of ten grains of the former to one pint of
the latter.
EFFERVESCING SOLUTION OF POTASSA.
(Liquor Potassæ Effervescens.) Dissolve
thirty grains of bicarbonate of potassa in
a pint of carbonic acid water.
EFFERVESCING SOLUTION OF SODA.
Dissolve thirty grains of bicarbonate of
soda in a pint of carbonic acid water.
EFFLORESCENCE. The formation
of a mealy powder on the surface of bodies;
or the formation of minute spicular crys-
tals, sometimes called flowers or saline
ECLEGM. A medicine made by the vegetation, such an efflorescence as is often
incorporation of oils with syrups.
seen on walls formed with plaster.
ECPHRACTIC. A medicine which
dissolves and attenuates viscid matter.
ECZEMA MERCURIALE. A A pecu-
liar eruption of the skin, produced by
mercury.
EDULCORATION. The act of freeing
pulverulent substances from acids or any
soluble impurities by repeated affusions of
water.
EFFERVESCENCE. A kind of natu-
ral ebullition; that commotion which
takes place in a fluid when some part of the
mass flies off in a gaseous form, producing
innumerable small bubbles, as the effer-
vescence or working of new wine, cider, or
beer; the effervescence of a carbonate
with acetic acid.
EFFERVESCENT CITRO-TAR-
TRATE OF SODA. (Soda Citro-tartras
Effervescens.) A laxative and refrigerant
salt, adapted to the febrile state.
EFFERVESCING DRAUGHT. Take
equal parts of lemon-juice and water, and
half an ounce of a solution containing fif-
teen grains of carbonate or twenty grains
of bicarbonate of potassa.
EFFLORESCENT.
into
Shooting
white threads or spicule; forming a white
dust on the surface.
EGG. (
(Ovum.) The egg of Phasianus
gallus, or common dunghill fowl. It is
used for various purposes in medicine and
pharmacy. The white is used chiefly for
the clarification of liquids; the yolk as
an intermedium between water and insol-
uble substances.
EGG NOG. A drink composed of the
yolks of eggs beaten up with sugar and
the whites of eggs whipped, with the ad-
dition of spirits and milk.
EGLANTINE. (Sweet Brier.) A
species of Rosa, upon which an excrescence
called bedeguar or Fungus rosarum is
formed by the puncture of one or more
species of Cynips.
EGYPTIAN OPIUM. An opium
which reaches commerce via Constanti-
nople. It is always adulterated, being
mixed with one-fourth its weight of gum
arabic, forming a very hard and brittle
mass.
EFFERVESCING POWDERS. (Pulveres ELEOCARPUS COPALLIFERUS.
Effervescentes, Soda Powders.) Powders (Vateria Indica.) One of a variety of
1
ELE
ELE
168
trees which produces a resinous substance, | The root contains 13 per cent. of tannic
by exudation, known as copal.
acid, and is employed by the native for
tanning purposes.
ELEOCARPUS GANITRUS. The round,
peculiarly-wrinkled seeds of this tree are
employed by the Brahmins of India for
rosaries; in England they are used for
making bracelets and necklaces, and when
set in gold or silver are frequently very
expensive.
ELAIC ACID. An acid obtained from
oleic acid by decomposition, composed of
C36H3404
ELAIDATE OF GLYCERIN. A
compound formed by the saponification of
elaidin with the alkalies.
ELAIDIC ACID. One of the products
formed by the saponification of elaidin
with the alkalies. It is formed with glyc-
erin, and therefore constitutes elaidate of
glycerin.
ELAIDIN. A particular fatty matter,
formed by treating the deep yellow, buty-
raceous mass resulting from the reaction
of nitric acid on olein with hot alcohol.
ELAIN. (Olein.) The liquid prin-
ciple of oils.
ELAIS GUINIENSIS. A palm grow-
ing in Africa and cultivated in the West
Indies. By expression its fruits yield the
palm oil of commerce, much employed in
making soap.
ELDER. (Sambucus.) The Sambucus
Canadensis, or common elder, a shrub
growing in this country, the flowers of
which are gently excitant and sudorific.
ELDER OINTMENT. (Unguentum Sam-
buci.) An ointment prepared by boil-
ing two pounds of elder flowers in two
pounds of lard till it becomes crisp, then
expressing it through linen.
ELDER FLOWER WATER.
Sambuci.
See Aqua
ELDER WINE. Wine prepared from
the juice of elder berries.
ELECAMPANE. (Inula.) The root
of Inula helenium, a large, handsome
plant growing in Europe and this country.
It is tonic, gently stimulant, and is said
to possess diaphoretic, diuretic, expecto-
rant, and emmenagogue properties.
ELECTIVE. Selecting for combina-
tion; as an elective attraction or an elec-
tive affinity, which is a tendency in bodies
to unite with certain kinds of matter in
preference to others.
ELECTRIC CALAMINE. A title
sometimes applied to the silicate of zinc.
ELECTRICITY. The subtile agent
called the electric fluid. It was called
electricity from the Greek word for amber,
because it was in the friction of this sub-
stance that it was first observed. Those
ELAPHRIUM ELEMIFERUM. A
Mexican tree, which, it is said, produces
a variety of elemi.
ELAPHRIUM TOMENTOSUM. See Amyris hodies which permit the electric fluid to
Tomentosa.
pass freely through them are called con-
ELATERIN. The active principle of ductors, and those which do not are called
elaterium.
non-conductors.
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
That sci-
ence which treats of the agency of elec-
tricity and galvanism in effecting chemical
ELATERIUM. A substance deposited
by the juice of the fruit of Momordica
elaterium, Ecbalium agreste, or squirting
cucumber. It is a powerful hydragogue | changes.
cathartic.
ELECTRODE. A name applied to
ELATIN. A name formerly given to what is called the pole of the voltaic circle.
an alcoholic extract of elaterium.
The electrodes are the surfaces of air,
water, metal, &c., which serve to convey
an electric current into and from the
liquid to be decomposed.
ELAUD'S BOONTYES. The local
name of a plant growing in the Orange
Free State, South Africa. The beans of
this plant yield about 22.5 per cent. of a
ELECTROLYSIS. The act of decom-
light-colored, inodorous oil, which the posing a compound substance by the action
natives extract by boiling and use in food. [ of electricity or galvanism.
ELE
ELL
169
ELECTROLYTE. A compound which a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one
may be directly decomposed by an electric and not the other.
current.
ELIXIR. Any cordial or liquor which
ELECTROLYTIC TEST FOR AR-invigorates. A tincture with more than
SENIC. A test consisting in exposing one base; a compound tincture or medi-
the suspected liquid, in connection with cine, composed of various substances held
dilute sulphuric acid, to a voltaic current, in solution by spirits in some form. This
when, if arsenic be present, arseniuretted country, fortunately or unfortunately, is
hydrogen or terhydride of arsenic, is flooded with elixirs at the present time.
evolved. Only the arsenious acid will
respond to this test.
ELECTUARY. A form of medicine
composed of powders or other ingredients
incorporated with honey, syrups, or some
conserve, and made into the proper con-
sistence, to be taken in doses like boluses.
ELECTUARY, LENITIVE. See Confectio
Sennce.
ELEMENT. One of the simplest or
essential parts or principles of which any
thing consists, or upon which the consti-
tution or fundamental powers of anything
are based. One of the ultimate, unde-
composable constituents of any kind of
matter, as oxygen and hydrogen are ele-
ments of water.
ELEMENTARY. Having only one
principle or constituent part; consisting
of a single element.
ELIXIR CHLOROFORMI. (Chloroform
Paregoric.) R. Chloroform, one and a
half fluid ounces; tr. opii, one and a half
fluid ounces; tr. camphor, one and a half
fluid ounces; arom. spt. ammon., one and
a half fluid ounces; oil of cinnamon,
twenty minims; brandy, two fluid ounces.
ELIXIR CINCHONA FERRATED. An
elixir of Calisaya bark, combined with
cinnamon water, caraway water, tincture
of orange-peel, alcohol, brandy, syrup,
and the soluble pyrophosphate of iron.
ELIXIR CINCHONE FLAVE. An elixir
of yellow Peruvian bark, with orange-
peel, cinnamon, coriander, anise, caraway,
cardamom, cochineal, brandy, diluted al-
cohol, and syrup.
ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA.
An elixir composed of one drachm of
valerianate of ammonia, a half ounce of
tinct. cardamom, two drachms of curaçoa,
and four ounces of water.
ELEMI. A concrete, resinous sub-fluid extract of vanilla, six drachms comp.
stance produced by several allied species
of trees, chiefly in the tropics, among
which are Amyris elemifera and Amyris
balsamodendron-Zeilonica. It is used
in ointments and plasters, and also in the
manufacture of varnish.
ELEMIN. The crystallized and puri-
fied resin of Elemi.
ELIXIR OF VITRIOL. See Acid, Aro-
matic Sulphuric.
ELIXIR, PAREGORIC. See Camphorated
Tincture of Opium.
ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS. See Tinctura
Aloes et Myrrh.
ELIXIR, SACRUM. See Tinctura Rhei
et Aloes.
ELIXIR SALUTIS. See Compound Tinc-
ELEOPTENE. The fluid principle
of volatile oils, obtained from them when
in a state of congelation.
ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM. The ture of Senna.
officinal cardamom plant.
ELETTARIA MAJOR. A plant, culti-
vated in the island of Ceylon, belonging
to the same genus as that producing the
officinal cardamom. It produces the seed
called Grains of Paradise.
ELIXIRS OF OPIUM. Aqueous solutions
of opium with sufficient alcohol to pre-
serve them.
ELLAGIC ACID. (Bezoaric Acid.)
An acid obtained from galls, formed by
the reaction of atmospheric oxygen upon
ELIQUATION. The operation by their tannin; it is identical with bezoarie
which a more fusible substance is sepa-acid, and is composed of C2H6O16 + Aq.
rated from one that is less so by means of ELLEBORIN. A resin of very acrid
ELL
EMP
170
taste, obtained from the Helleboris hie-
malis.
ELLIS'S MAGNESIA. A heavy qual-
ity of magnesia, prepared by Mr. Charles
Ellis, of Philadelphia. It is similar to
and may be readily substituted for Henry's
or Husband's magnesia.
ELM BARK. (Ulmi Cortex) The
bark of the Ulmus Campestris. A species
of elm growing in Europe. It is demul-
cent, diuretic, feebly tonic, and astrin-
gent.
ELM, RED.
(Slippery Elm, Ulmus
Fulva, Ulmus Rubra.) The slippery elm;
a lofty tree, growing in all parts of this
country. The inner bark is an excellent
demulcent.
ELM, WHITE. See Ulmus Americana.
EL PASO GRAPE. A kind of grape
growing in the vicinity of the falls of the
Rio Grande.
ELOESACCHARA. Mix together
thirty parts of powdered white sugar with
one part of volatile oil-whatever kind
desired.
ELUTRIATE. To purify by washing
and pouring off the foul matter with the
water, allowing the heavier particles to
remain; to cleanse; to wash.
ELYTRINE. A substance obtained
from, and forming the chief material of,
the horny covering of insects.
EMETIC. A medicine which causes
vomiting.
EMETIC TARTAR. See Antimonii et Po-
tasse Tartras.
EMETIN. See Emetia.
EMETINUM IMPURUM. (Emelin
Coloréc.) An impure emetic principle,
obtained from ipecacuanha by exhausting
an alcoholic extract of the root with water,
neutralizing with carbonate of magnesia,
and evaporating the filtrate.
EMETO-CATHARTIC. A medicine
that produces vomiting and purging at
the same time.
EMMENAGOGUE. A medicine that
promotes the menstrual discharge.
EMOLLIENT. An external applica-
tion to allay irritation and alleviate in-
flammatory soreness, swelling, and pain.
EMPASM. A powder used to remove
any disagreeable odor of the body.
EMPHRACTIC. A medicine possess-
ing the properties of closing the pores of
the skin.
EMPIRIC. One who follows an em-
pirical method;
experiment and
aid of science.
one who relies solely on
observation without the
EMPIRICISM.
EMPLASTRA.
Quackery.
See Plasters.
A plaster.
EMPLASTRUM ADHESIVUM. (Emplas-
EMPLASTRUM.
EMBALM. To anoint with balm; to trum Resina, Resin Plaster, Adhesive
preserve from decay.
EMBOLITE. A mineral consisting
chiefly of the chloride and bromide of
silver.
Plaster.) To thirty-six ounces of melted
lead plaster add six ounces of powdered
resin, and mix.
EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI. (Plaster of
Ammoniac.) Evaporate to a proper con-
EMBROCATION. A liquid or lotion
with which an affected part is rubbed or | sistence, by means of a water-bath, a solu-
washed.
EMERALD GREEN. A very durable
pigment of a vivid light-green color, made
from the arseniate of copper.
EMERY. A very hard mineral found
in the island of Naxos, Asia Minor, and
in Massachusetts. It is pulverized by
grinding in a steel mill, and is used chiefly
for polishing purposes.
EMETIA. (Emetin.) A peculiar al-
kaline principle obtained from ipecacu-
anha, of which it is the emetic property.
tion of five ounces of ammoniac in a half
pint of diluted acetic acid, stirring in the
meantime.
EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI CUM HY-
DRARGYRO. (Plaster of Ammoniac with
Mercury.) To one drachm of heated olive
oil add eight grains of sulphur, and stir
till combined; then add three ounces of
mercury, and stir till the globules are
invisible. Boil twelve ounces of ammo-
niac with sufficient water to cover it until
they are thoroughly mixed; strain; evap-
EMP
EMP
171
orate by a water-bath until a small por-
tion, taken from the vessel, hardens on
cooling. Then add it, while yet hot, to
the mixture of oil, sulphur, and mercury,
and thoroughly incorporate.
EMPLASTRUM ANTIMONII. (Plaster of
Antimony) To four ounces of melted and
strained Burgundy pitch add an ounce of
tartar emetic, and stir till it thickens.
EMPLASTRUM ARNICA. (Plaster of Ar-
nica.) To three ounces of melted resin
plaster add an ounce and a half of the
alcoholic extract of arnica, and mix.
EMPLASTRUM GALBANI. (Galbanum
Plaster.) Melt together a half ounce each
of galbanum and ammoniacum, and
strain; then add them to a melted mix-
ture, composed of a half ounce of yellow
wax and four ounces of lead plaster.
Mix.
EMPLASTRUM GALBANI COMP. See
Compound Galbanum Plaster.
EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. (Mercu-
rial Plaster.) Melt together an ounce
each of olive oil and resin, and when they
have become cool, rub with them three
ounces of mercury until the globules dis-
appear; then gradually add six ounces of
melted lead plaster. Mix.
EMPLASTRUM ASAFŒTIDA. (Plaster of
Asafoetida.) Dissolve twelve ounces of
asafoetida and six ounces of galbanum in
three pints of alcohol by a water-bath; EMPLASTRUM LITHARGYRI. (Emplas-
strain, and evaporate to the consistence trum Plumbi, Plaster of Lead, Litharge
of honey; then add twelve ounces of lead Plaster.) Sift fifteen ounces of powdered
plaster and six ounces of yellow wax, pre-litharge into twenty-eight ounces of olive
viously melted together, and evaporate to oil, contained in a suitable vessel, of a ca-
the proper consistence.
EMPLASTRUM BELLADONNE. (Plaster
of Belladonna.) To two ounces of resin
plaster, melted by a water-bath, add an
ounce of the alcoholic extract of bella
donna, and mix.
pacity equal to twice the bulk of the ingre-
dients; add four ounces of boiling water,
and boil the whole together until a plas-
ter is formed, adding from time to time,
during the process, a little boiling water,
as that first added is consumed.
EMPLASTRUM CALEFACIENS. (Emplas-
trum Picis cum Cantharide, Plaster of Pitch
with Cantharides, Warming Plaster.) Melt
together by a water-bath, and stir con-
stantly until cool a mixture of twelve
ounces of Burgundy pitch and one ounce
of cerate of cantharides.
EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDES. See Blis- has evaporated, stirring constantly.
tering Cerate.
EMPLASTRUM OPII. (Plaster of Opium.)
Mix a half ounce of extract of opium
with an ounce and a half of water, and
evaporate to six drachms. Add this to an
ounce and a half of Burgundy pitch and
six ounces of lead plaster previously melt-
ed; continue the heat until the moisture
EMPLASTRUM CERATI SAPONIS. (Soap
Cerate Plaster.) This is essentially the
same as the Ceratum saponis, which see.
EMPLASTRUM CYMINI. An old plaster,
no longer officinal.
EMPLASTRUM DE VIGO CUM MERCURIO.
A plaster of the French Codex, similar to
the U. S. mercurial plaster. It is said to
have the power of checking the progress
of the eruption of small-pox, and of pre-
venting suppuration and pitting when
applied before the end of the third day
from its first appearance.
EMPLASTRUM FERRI. See Chalybeate
Plaster.
EMPLASTRUM PICIS. (Pitch Plaster.)
Melt together thirteen ounces of Bur-
gundy pitch, six and a half ounces of
turpentine, two ounces each of resin and
yellow wax. Then add one-half ounce of
expressed oil of nutmeg, and one ounce
each of olive oil and water, and evaporate
to the proper consistence; stir during the
process.
-
EMPLASTRUM PICIS BURGUNDICE.
(Plaster of Burgundy Pitch.) Melt to-
gether, strain, and stir till cool, thirty-six
ounces of Burgundy pitch and three ounces
of yellow wax.
EMPLASTRUM PICIS CANADENSIS.
(Plaster of Canada Pitch, Hemlock Pitch
EMP
ENG
172
Plaster.) Melt together, strain, and stir
till cool, thirty-six ounces of Canada pitch
and three ounces of yellow wax.
EMPLASTRUM PICIS CUM CANTHARIDE.
See Emplastrum Calefaciens.
ENCARDION. The heart or pith of
a plant.
ENDEMIC. Any disease peculiar to a
people or nation.
ENDERMIC METHOD. That method
EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI. See Emplas- in which medicine enters the system
trum Lithargyri.
through the skin, being applied either to
the sound skin, or to the surface denuded
of the cuticle by a blister.
ENDIVE. See Chicory.
ENEMA. An injection, or clyster
thrown into the rectum as a medicine, or
ENEMA ALOES. (Enema of Aloes.) An
EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI IODIDI. (Iodide
of Lead Plaster.) Melt together two
ounces each of soap plaster and resin plas-
ter, and add a half ounce of powdered
iodide of lead, then mix.
EMPLASTRUM RESINE. See Emplas- to impart nourishment. A clyster.
trum Adhesivum.
EMPLASTRUM ROBORANS. See Chalyb-enema composed of forty grains of aloes,
cate Plaster.
fifteen grains of carbonate of potash, and
EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS. (Soap Plaster.) | ten ounces of mucilage of starch, mixed
Rub two ounces of sliced soap with water and rubbed together.
until brought to a semi-liquid state; then
mix it with eighteen ounces of melted
lead plaster, and boil to the proper consis-
tence.
EMPYREUMA. The peculiar smell
or taste of animal or vegetable substances
when burnt in close vessels, arising from
an oil developed by the process of decom-
position.
EMPYREUMATIC OILS. Oils ob-
tained by distillation from the decomposi-
tion by heat of vegetable or animal sub-
stances.
EMULGENT. A medicine which ex-
cites the flow of bile.
ENEMA ANODYNUM. See Anodyne Ene-
ma.
ENEMA ASAFŒTIDA. (Enema Foeti-
dum, Fetid Enema.) Rub gradually thirty
grains of asafoetida with four ounces of
water, so as to form an emulsion.
ENEMA CATHARTICUM, }
ENEMA MAGNESIE SULPHATIS.
See Cathartic Clyster.
ENEMA TABACI. (Enema of Tobacco.)
Infuse for half an hour twenty grains of
leaf tobacco in a half pint of boiling water
and strain.
ENEMA TEREBINTHINE. (Enema of
Turpentine.) Mix one ounce of oil of
EMULSIN. An albuminous or caseous turpentine with fifteen ounces of mucilage
matter contained in almonds.
EMULSION. A soft liquid remedy,
of a color and consistence resembling
milk; any milk-like mixture prepared by
uniting oil and water, by means of another
substance, as mucilage.
EMULSION OF ALMOND. See Almond
Emulsion.
EMULSION OF BITTER ALMOND. For
this preparation the same formula for
almond emulsion will answer, using the
bitter almonds for the sweet.
EMULSIVE. Softening, milk-like,
yielding oil by expression, as emulsive
seeds.
of starch.
ENFLEURAGE. A term applied to
the impregnation of fixed oils and fatty
matters with the odors of certain sweet-
scented plants, the oils of which are so
delicate that they cannot be distilled.
ENGIRI, or ANGORA OPIUM. An
opium readily recognized by the under
surface of the cake alone being covered
with poppy leaves. They are nearly cir-
cular, appear to have been ball-formed
when fresh, and weigh from six to eight
ounces. The mass is uniform and of in-
ferior quality.
ENGLISH COURT PLASTER. A
EMYDIN. A protein principle con- plaster made in England consisting for the
tained in the eggs of fishes.
most part of isinglass.
ENG
EQU
173
ENGLISH GARLIC. A name applied to
the common garlic, Allium sativum, to
distinguish it from the wild variety.
ENGLISH PORT. A sort of wine, some-
times made of real port, mixed with
cider, juice of elder berries, and brandy,
and rendered astringent with logwood and
alum.
ENGLISH RHUBARB. A rhubarb culti-
vated in England. It is generally in two
forms. In one, it is prepared to imitate
the Russian; in the other, the pieces are
cylindrical and long, and is called stick
rhubarb.
ENNOMOS SUBSIGNARIA. The
measuring-worm; it contains a crystalline
principle, volatile oil, fixed oil, green and
black coloring matters, and traces of tan-
nic acid. In large doses it has an emetic
effect; in much smaller ones it is slightly
narcotic, diuretic, and antispasmodic.
EPHEDRA AMERICANA. A plant
abounding throughout Chili, the fibres of
which are employed for rope-making,
&c. It is popularly called Pingo-pingo,
and is most abundant on the western
slope of the Cordilleras. It belongs to the
Gnelaceæ.
EPIDEMIC. A disease which, rising
from a widespread cause, affects numbers
of persons at the same time.
EPSOM SALTS. (Sulphate of Magne-
sia.) A salt having cathartic properties,
originally prepared by boiling the mineral
waters at Epsom, England, whence the
name. It is now prepared from sea-water.
EPULOTIC. A medical application
which tends to dry, cicatrize, and heal
wounds and ulcers.
EQUISETUM HYEMALE. (Horse-
tail, Scouring Rush.) A cryptogamous
plant growing in the Northern States. It
is diuretic and used also for scouring pur-
poses.
EQUIVALENT. The atomic weight
of a substance, or a number which ex-
presses the proportion by weight in which
it combines with other substances. Oxy-
gen and hydrogen combine in the propor-
tions of one to eight to form water; and,
taking one as the equivalent of hydrogen,
eight is the equivalent of oxygen.
Common salt, wherever or however
procured, whether by evaporation from
the waters of the ocean, or excavated from
the mines of Salzburg, or formed artifi-
cially in the laboratory by pouring muri-
atic acid on carbonate of soda, has always
the same composition, viz., 35.5 parts of
chlorine and 22.97 parts of the metal
sodium; and a substance not having this
precise composition, however similar it
EPIDERMIS. The external layer of may be to common salt in other respects,
the bark of a plant.
ENS MARTIS. See Ammoniated Iron.
EPIDENDRUM VANILLA. See
Vanilla.
EPIFAGUS AMERICANUS.
Cancer Root.
is not the substance, but some other. If
not less than 49 parts of the strongest sul-
phuric acid be poured over 58.47 parts of
common salt and the mixture heated till
See all action has ceased, there will be obtained,
as the result of the decomposition, 70.97
EPIFAGÆA REPENS. See Arbutus, parts of sulphate of soda or Glauber salts
Trailing.
EPIGENE. Foreign, unnatural, unu-
sual; said of crystals not natural to the
substances from which they are formed.
EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM.
(Willow Herb.) A plant of several spe-
cies; all indigenous. The leaves and
roots are demulcent, tonic, and astringent.
EPISPASTIC. An external applica-
tion to the skin, which produces a serous
discharge by exciting inflammation; a
vesicatory.
and 36.5 parts of hydrochloric acid; and
if the salts and acid be analyzed, it will
be found that the former is composed of
30.97 parts of soda and 40 parts of sul-
phuric acid, and the latter of 35.5 parts
of chlorine and 1 of hydrogen. Now, if
the decomposition of the sulphate of soda
as thus obtained be compared with that
formed by pouring sulphuric acid on car-
bonate of soda, it will be found that they
have both precisely the same composition ;
and if a mixture of hydrogen and chlorine
EQU
EQU
174
22.97 of sodium and 1 of hydrogen; in
other words, 35 5 must be the "equiva-
lent" of chlorine, and, on the same prin-
ciple, 8 must be the "combining equiv-
alent" of oxygen, that being the proportion
in which it equally satisfies 22.97 of sodium
and 1 of hydrogen; and whenever, in any
compound, oxygen replaces hydrogen, it
must do so in the proportion of 8 to 1;
when chlorine, in the proportion of 8 to
35.5; and when sodium, in the proportion
of 8 to 22.97.
be exploded in a strong glass vessel, a
highly acid gas will be obtained, the
composition of which is 35.5 parts of chlo-
rine and 1 of hydrogen, the same with
that obtained by the decomposition of
common salt by oil of vitriol. We have
seen that 58.47 parts of common salt,
when treated with 49 parts of sulphuric
acid, yield 70.97 parts of sulphate of soda,
a perfectly neutral substance, containing
40 parts of sulphuric acid, but not a trace
of chlorine; it is easy, therefore, to under-
stand that in this reaction 40 parts of sul- Every elementary substance is provided
phuric acid must have removed 35.5 parts with its chemical equivalent—with a num-
of chlorine, and the term equivalents can- ber indicating the proportion in which it
not be misunderstood. The oil of vitriol enters into combination with the equiv-
employed in effecting the above decompo- alent of any other substance with which
sition of common salt contained a certain it is capable of combining, and in which
quantity of water; none of this compound it replaces the equivalent of every other
is, however, found in dry sulphate of
soda. What, then, has become of it?
The sulphate of soda, though it contains
no water, contains an element which is
not found in common salt, viz., oxygen;
and the acid gas which is evolved during
the decomposition contains also an element
which is not found in common salt, viz.,
hydrogen; but these two substances, when
chemically combined, constitute water,
as has already been observed, and the
analysis of this fluid shows its composition
to be 8 parts by weight of oxygen to 1
part by weight of hydrogen; but these
are the very proportions in which the for-
mer is found in the sulphate of soda, com-
bined with the 22.97 parts of sodium, and
the latter in the hydrochloric acid gas,
combined with the 35.5 of chlorine. These
facts, therefore, convince us that, as 8
parts of oxygen are equally required by
22.97 parts of sodium and by 1 part of
hydrogen, 22.97 parts of sodium must be
equivalent to 1 part of hydrogen; and
whenever sodium replaces hydrogen or
hydrogen sodium, the change must be
effected in accordance with these pro-
portions.
Similarly, as 22.97 parts of sodium and
1 part of hydrogen are equally saturated
by 35.5 parts of chlorine, so 35.5 must be
the proportion in which chlorine replaces
substance in cases of decomposition. Do
we wish to know, for example, how much
iron is required to decompose thoroughly
a certain quantity of cinnabar or sulphuret
of mercury? We simply refer to the
Table of Equivalents, found in the second
part of this work, where we find, opposite
the metals mercury and iron, the numbers
100.07 and 28. Now, sulphuret of mer-
cury is known to be a compound of 100.07
of mercury and 16 of sulphur; it is known
also that iron is capable of forming a
definite compound with sulphur, and the
law of equivalents teaches us that, as 28
and 100.07 are respectively the equivalents
of iron and mercury, so the same quantity
of sulphur that will satisfy 28 parts of the
first will likewise satisfy 100.07 parts of
the latter; and that, therefore, to remove
the whole of the sulphur from 116.07
(100.07+16) parts of sulphuret of mer-
cury, we require at least 28 parts of iron,
the reaction by which the decomposition
is brought about being simply a substitu-
tion of 28 of iron for 100.07 of mercury.
If a rod of zinc be suspended in a clear
solution of acetate of lead, the latter metal
will be deposited on the zine in a beautiful
arborescent form. Now, if this lead de-
posit be collected and weighed, and if,
also, the loss sustained by the rod of zinc
be carefully determined, it will be found
ERA
ERU
175
The
ERGOTATE OF SECALIN.
form in which Secalia or Secalin, a vola-
tile alkaloid, is said to exist in ergot, being
combined with ergotin, which possesses
acid properties.
that for every 103.56 grains of metallic produces ergot. It is said to have an
lead precipitated there are 32.52 grains of existence independent of rye.
zinc dissolved. These 32.52 grains of zinc
may be obtained from the solution in the
state of oxide, combined with 8 grains of
oxygen; but it is known, also, that 103 56
grains of lead combine with 8 of oxygen
to form litharge; hence it is clear that, as
32.52 grains of zinc and 103.56 grains of
lead each combine with 8 grains of oxygen
to form their respective oxides, these num-
bers must represent the equivalents of
these metals, and the experiment itself
proves that these are actually the propor-
tions in which they replace each other in
their union with acetic acid.
ERASINE. A principle possessing
cleansing or erasive properties, distilled
from pine-tree sap. It is a liquid having
a citron-like fragrance.
ERECTHITES
HIERACIFOLIA.
(Fireweed.) An annual plant of a rank
odor, said to be bitterish and astringent.
EREMACAUSIS. A gradual oxida-
tion from exposure to air and moisture.
ERGOT. (Ergota, Secale Cornutum,
Spurred Rye.) The diseased seed of Secale
cereale, or common rye, and other allied
plants. It is also said to be a parasitic
fungus, called Sclerotium clavus or Spha-
celia segetum, and is altogether distinct
from the grain of the rye. It is used
chiefly for promoting the contraction of
the uterus.
ERGOT OF MAIZE. (Ustilago Maidis.)
A morbid growth or fungus of the com-
mon Indian corn. It is said to possess
properties very similar to those of ergot.
ERGOT OF WHEAT. An ergot ob-
tained from wheat, said to be preferable
to the product obtained from rye, because
it is destitute of the poisonous properties
of the latter.
ERGOT OIL. An oil obtained by form-
ing an ethereal tincture of ergot, and
evaporating the ether with a gentle heat.
ERGOTA. See Ergot.
ERGOTÆTIA ABORTIFACIENS.
(Oidium Abortifaciens.) Titles proposed
for the parasitic fungus which, with rye,
ERGOTIC ACID. A name proposed
for ergotin, on account of its possessing
acid properties.
ERGOTIN. A slightly acrid substance,
said to be the active principle of ergot.
ERGOTINA. A new fixed alkaloid,
said to have been discovered in ergot.
ERICACEÆ. A family of plants,
which includes among its genera or mem-
bers, the Vaccinium, Arbutus, Arctostaphy
los, Gaultheria, Rhododendron, Ledum,
Pyrola, and Chimaphila.
ERICOLIN.
A brown-yellow ex-
tractive, intensely bitter, composed of
C68H55041 obtained from the leaves of
Erica, Ledum, Arbutus, Rhododendron,
&c.
ERIGERON. A genus of plants in-
cluding the flea-bane.
ERIGERON ANNUUM,
ERIGERON HETEROPHYLLUM.
ERIGERON PHILADELPHICUM,
ERIGERON STRIGOSUM.
}
}
Two species of Erigeron, biennial, her-
baceous plants, growing together in this
country, and possessing identical medical
properties. They are diuretic, and are
known by the common name of Scabious.
ERIGERON CANADENSE. (Canada Flea-
bane.) A species of Erigeron growing in
this country, having an agreeable odor,
and possessing diuretic, tonic, and astrin-
gent properties The oil has been em-
ployed in arresting hemorrhages.
ERIGERON PUSILUM. A variety of
Erigeron Canadense.
ERODIUM CICUTARIUM. (Storks-
bill.) An annual hairy plant with spread-
ing stems, highly recommended in the
treatment of dropsy.
ERRHINE. A medicine designed to
be snuffed up the nose to promote dis-
charges of mucus.
ERUCIC ACID. A peculiar acid re-
ERU
ESS
176
sulting from the saponification of the genous, perennial, bulbous plant, some-
fixed oil of mustard.
times called dog's-tooth violet. It is eme-
ERUGINOUS. Partaking of the sub- tic.
stance or nature of copper.
ERYTHRONIUM LANCEOLATUM.
ERUNDA. A name in the East for Erythronium Americanum.
the castor oil plant.
ERYNGO WATER.
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM.
See Button Snakeroot.
ERYSIMUM ALLIARIA. See Al-
liaria Officinalis.
ERYSIMUM OFFICINALE. (Sisymbrium
Officinale, Hedge Mustard.) A small,
annual plant growing in this country and
Europe, the seeds of which have consid-
erable pungency, and the herb is said to
be diuretic and expectorant.
ERYTHRÆA ACAULIS. A species
of Erythræa growing in the territory of
French Algiers, the root of which, under
the name of Rejagnou, is employed for
dyeing yellow.
See
ERYTHROPHLEUM GUINEENSE.
(Erythrophleum Judiciale, Fillæa Suaveo-
lens.) The tree which produces the bark
known as sassy bark, employed by the
natives of Western Africa as an ordeal in
their trial for witchcraft. It is astringent,
narcotic, and a nauseating emetic.
ERYTHROPHLEUM JUDICIALE.
Erythrophleum Guineense.
See
ERYTHROPHYLLIN. The substance
to which the red color of autumn leaves
is due.
ERYTHRORETIN. An uncrystallized
red resin or coloring principle, discovered
in rhubarb and probably in senna.
ERYTHROSE. A fine, yellow color-
ing matter produced by the action of
ERYTHRÆA CENTAURIUM. See Cen- nitric acid on rhubarb It produces mag-
taury, European.
ERYTHREA CHILENSIS A species of
Erythræa growing in Chili, where it is
used as a mild tonic.
ERYTHRIC ACID. A peculiar acid
obtained from the Roccella tinctoria and
other lichens. It is the principle upon
which their coloring property depends,
and is composed of C40H22020-
nificent purples with the alkalies.
ERYTHROXYLON COCA. See Coca.
ESCHAROTIC. A medicine which
by application produces a scar; a caustic.
ESCULAPIUS. The god of the heal-
ing art, fabled to have been the son of
Apollo and the nymph Coronis. He is
usually represented as an old man with a
flowing beard, accompanied by or grasping
ERYTHRIN. A chromogene obtained the head of a serpent, and sometimes
from Roccella ruciformis.
A crys-
holding a staff.
ESCULETIN. A peculiar substance
obtained from esculin when that substance
is treated with dilute sulphuric acid.
ESCULIN. The bitter principle of the
fruit of the Esculus Hippocastanum or
horse chestnut.
ERYTHROCENTAURIN.
tallizable, colorless, non-nitrogenous sub-
stance, obtained from European centaury.
ERYTHROLEIN. A semi-liquid,
dark-red coloring principle, composed of
C36H2204, easily soluble in alcohol and
ether, derived from orcine.
ESENBECKIA FEBRIFUGA. A
ERYTHROLITMIN. A light-red col-plant found on the coast of Brazil, belong-
ing to the family of Diosmeæ. Its bark
contains an alkaloid called Esenbeckina.
ESERIN, (Physostigmia.) A name
ERYTHROMANINTE. A product of ESERINA. proposed for the pure al-
the decomposition of Erythrin, composed kaloid or active principle of the calabar
of C₁₂H15012, and supposed to be identical bean. Physostigmia is more appropriate.
with phycite.
ESSENCE. The predominant qualities
ERYTHRONIUM AMERICANUM. or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted
(Erythronium Lanceolatum.) An indi- and refined from grosser matter. The
oring principle, composed of C26H22O12,
casily soluble in alcohol, derived from
orcine.
ESS
ESS
177
solution of volatile or essentials oils in bals. Peru, fziij; oil bergamot, fgvi; oil
alcohol.
ESSENCE DE TEMPLINE. A French
name for a variety of oil of turpentine
produced by distillation from the Stras-
burg species.
cloves, fziij; oil neroli, fgvi; extract
musk, fziij; orange-flower water, Oiss.;
alcohol (deodorized), Ovi. Mix.
ESSENCE OF MUTTON. See Essence of
Beef.
ESSENCE OF AMBERGRIS An essence ESSENCE OF PATCHOULY. Take of oil
made by digesting one drachm of amber- of copaiva, gtt. xx; oil of orange, gtt. iij ;
gris and eight grains of musk in a half-oil of valerian, gtt. i; oil of rosemary,
pint of alcohol.
ESSENCE OF ANISE. (Spiritus Anisi,
Essentia Anisi, Spirit of Anise.) Dissolve
one ounce of oil of anise in fifteen ounces
of strong alcohol.
ESSENCE OF BANANA. An essence con-
sisting of a mixture of amylo-acetic ether
and butyric ether dissolved in alcohol.
|
gtt. i; tinct. tolu, gtt. xx; alcohol, ginger,
āā q. s. Mix.
ESSENCE OF PEPPERmint. (Spiritus
Mentha Piperita, Tinctura Olei Menthæ
Piperitæ.) Macerate for twenty-four hours
two drachms of peppermint, in coarse
powder, in a solution of one ounce of oil
of peppermint in fifteen ounces of strong
alcohol, and filter.
ESSENCE OF BEEF. (Essence of Mutton.)
A highly nutritive and stimulating prep-
aration, consisting of a saturated solution,
at a boiling temperature, of the soluble
principles of the meat employed in its
own juice.
ESSENCE OF BERGAMOT. (Oil of Ber- an alcoholic essence of orris root.
gamot.) Sec Citrus Limetta.
ESSENCE OF PINE APPLE. An essence
consisting of one part of butyric ether
dissolved in eight or ten parts of alcohol.
ESSENCE OF BERGAMOT PEAR. An
essence consisting of a solution of five
parts of amylo-acetic ether, one and a
half parts of acetic ether, in from one
hundred to one hundred and twenty parts
of alcohol.
Essence of GERANIUM, TURKISH. A
volatile oil produced by certain grasses in
the East Indies, belonging to the genus
Andropogon, and used in Constantinople
for adulterating oil of rose geranium.
ESSENCE OF GINGER. (Strong Tincture
of Ginger, Tinctura Zingiberis Fortior.)
Percolate two pints of tincture from ten
ounces of moderately fine ginger with
rectified spirit.
ESSENCE OF JARGONELLE PEAR. An
alcoholic solution of amylo-acetic ether,
in proportions indicated by convenience.
ESSENCE OF LEMON. (Spiritus Limonis,
Spirit of Lemon.) Macerate for twenty-
four hours an ounce of lemon-peel in an
alcoholic solution of the oil of lemon, con-
sisting of two ounces of the oil to two
pints of alcohol, and filter.
ESSENCE OF RASPBERRIES. An essence
usually made by mixing acetic ether with
ESSENCE OF ROSES. (Oil of Roses, Attar
or Otto of Roses.) A volatile oil obtained
from the petals of Rosa centifolia by dis-
tillation with water. The oil concretes
and floats on the surface of the water wher.
it cools.
ESSENCE OF SPEARMINT. (Tinctura
Olei Menthæ Viridis, Spirit of Spearmint.)
Dissolve one ounce of oil of spearmint in
fifteen ounces of strong alcohol, add two
drachms of coarsely powdered spearmint,
and macerate for twenty-four hours and
filter.
ESSENCE OF SPRUCE. A preparation
formed by boiling in water the young
branches of the Abies nigra, Pinus nigra,
or Black Spruce, and evaporating the de-
coction. It is used in the preparation of
spruce beer. It can also be prepared by
dissolving the oil in alcohol.
ESSENCES, ARTIFICIAL FRUIT.
See Artificial Fruit Essences.
ESSENTIAL. Belonging to the es-
sences.
ESSENTIAL OIL. A volatile, highly
inflammable oil, to which plants owe their
ESSENCE OF MILLEFLEURS. Take of characteristic odor; any volatile oil.
12
ESS
ETH
178
ESSENTIAL SALT OF LEMONS. A popu-
lar name applied to the quadroxalate of
potassa.
ETHAL. A peculiar principle obtained
by the saponification of spermaceti. It is
considered as bearing to a hypothetical
carbohydrogen cetyl the same relation that
alcohol bears to ethyl. It is therefore a
hydrated oxide of cetyl, and may be
termed cetylic alcohol.
ETHALIC ACID. A complex acid
obtained by the saponification of sper-
maceti.
ETHER. (Ethylic Ether, Æther Sul-
phuricus, Hydric Ether, Hydrate of Ethy-
len, Oxide of Ethyl, Sulphuric Ether.) A
powerful diffusible stimulant, possessing
also expectorant, antispasmodic, and nar-
cotic properties. It is obtained by the
action of sulphuric acid on alcohol, by
distillation and rectification. It is called
sulphuric ether, because it was formerly
supposed to contain sulphuric acid, which
is not the case.
ETHER, ACETIC. See Acetic Ether.
nitric ether. It is the basis of sweet
spirits of nitre.
ETHER, MURIATIC. See Ether Muri-
aticus.
ETHER, NITRIC. See Ether, Hyponi-
trous.
ETHER, NITROUS. See Ether, Hyponi-
trous.
ETHER, ENANTHIC. (Pelargonic Ether,
Pelargonate of Ethylic Ether, Enanthate
of Oxide of Ethyl) A peculiar ether dis-
covered in wine. It is obtained toward
the end of the distillation of wine, on the
great scale, for making brandy.
ETHER PEARLS. See Capsules of Ether.
ETHER, PELARGONIC. See Ether, Enan-
thic.
ETHER, PURE. See Ether Fortior.
ETHER, PYROACETIC. (Acetone, Py-
roacetic Spirit.) A substance obtained by
carefully distilling acetate of lime, and
rectifying the product by repeated distil-
lations.
ETHER, SULPhuric. See Ether.
ETHER SYRUP. Take 440 parts of sugar,
ETHER, AMYLO-NITROUS. A compound | 490 parts of distilled water, 50 parts of
С₁₁O,NO3, presenting a yellowish liq-
10 11
31
uid, of specific gravity 0.877, boiling at
96° C., of a peculiar spicy odor, and having
a fruity taste.
alcohol, and 20 parts of pure ether; put
into a bottle, shake, and preserve.
ETHEREAL EXTRACT OF ME-
ZEREON. (Extractum Mezerei Ethe-
ETHER, BUTYRIC. See Butyrate of reum.) An extract, in which ether forms
Ethylic Ether.
ETHER CAPSULES. See Capsules of Ether.
ETHER, COMPOUND SPIRIT. See Com-
pound Spirit of Ether.
part of the menstruum.
ETHEREAL OIL. (Heavy Oil of Wine,
Oleum Ethereum.) An oil obtained from
the distillation of alcohol with an excess
ETHER, GELATINIZED. An opaline of sulphuric acid. The product of the
trembling jelly, used as a local anæsthetic, distillation is generally in two layers, con-
applied to the seat of pain, spread onsisting of water holding sulphurous acid
linen and covered with a piece of cloth. in solution, and the other of ether con-
ETHER, HYDRIC. See Ether.
taining the heavy oil of wine; this is ex-
ETHER, HYDRIODIC. See Ether Hy-posed, that the ether may evaporate, and
driodicus.
the remaining oil washed rapidly, to de-
ETHER, HYDROCYANIC. See Ether Hy- prive it of all sulphurous acid. When
drocyanicus.
heavy oil of wine is heated with four parts
of water, sulphovinic acid is reproduced,
and the separated ethylen floats on the
surface as an oily substance, called light oil
of wine.
ETHER, HYPONITROUS. (Pure Nitrous
Ether, Nitrate of Ether.) A pale, yellow
ether, having the smell of apples. It con-
sists of one equivalent of nitrous acid and
one of ether. Considered as a salt, its ETHEREAL TINCTURE OF LOBELIA.
proper name would be nitrite of ether. It (Tinctura Lobeliæ Ætherea.) Coarsely
was formerly, though improperly, called powdered lobelia, two ounces and a half;
ETH
EUG
179
spirit of ether, one pint; macerate for
seven days, &c.
ETHERINE.
Wine.
See Concrete Oil of
ETHERIZATION.
ETHYLIC NARCOTINA. A homologous
modification of narcotina.
ETHYLICONIA. A homologous base,
consisting of twenty equivalents of carbon,
The effects pro- nineteen of hydrogen, and one of nitrogen,
which has been obtained from a specimen
of conia containing no methyliconia.
duced by the inhalation of ether.
ETHEROLE. A pale yellow oily
liquid, having an aromatic odor. The
name is applied to the light oil of wine
after it has deposited its concrete oil or
stearoptene.
ETIOLOGY. That branch of medical
science which treats of the causes of dis-
ease.
EUCALYNE. An uncrystallizable
ETHERO-SULPHURIC ACID. See principle, composed of C12H12O12+2HO,
Sulphovinic Acid.
ETHERS. (Ætherea.) Peculiar, fra-
grant, sweetish, very volatile, and inflam-
mable substances, generated for the most
part by the action of acids on alcohol.
ETHIOPS MINERAL. See Black
Sulphuret of Mercury.
|
contained in Australian manna, accom-
panying melitose.
EUCALYPTIN. A peculiar pectin-
like substance, discovered in Botany Bay
kino.
EUCALYPTUS. A genus of trees
including many species, most of which
are natives of Australia. The trees, which
attain a very great size, have entire, leath-
ery leaves, containing a considerable
amount of volatile oil.
ETHYL. A colorless inflammable gas,
a constituent of ether, consisting of four
equivalents of carbon and five of hydrogen.
It can be isolated by the action of zinc on
the iodide of ethyl.
ETHYL, CHLORIDE See Æther Muria- in New Holland, the leaves of which pro-
duce a kind of manna, used by the natives
ticus.
EUCALYPTUS DUMOSA. A tree, growing
ETHYL, CYANIDE. See Ether Hydrocy- for food.
anicus.
EUCALYPTUS GLOBOSUS. A large tree,
ETHYL, IODIDE. See Æther Hydriodi- growing in Australia, the leaves of which,
in infusion, have been successfully used in
fevers.
cus.
ETHYL, NITRITE. (Nitrite of Oride of
Ethyl, Nitrous Ether.) The chief ingre-
dient of the spiritus ætheris nitrosi. It
is very volatile and very dangerous when
inhaled.
ETHYL, OXIDE. See Ether.
ETHYLAMIN. A peculiar volatile
alkaloid, obtained from Ethylic narcotina
by distillation with potassa.
ETHYLATED BENZOLE. A com-
pound having the composition C₁₂H+
CH, obtained from monobromated ben-
zole.
ETHYLEN. See Concrete Oil of Wine.
ETHYLEN, BICHLORIDE. See Bichloride
of Ethylen.
EUCALYPTUS MANNIFEra. A tree,
growing in New South Wales, which
produces, by exudation, a substance closely
resembling manna.
EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA. A brown
gum tree, growing in New Holland, which
produces the concrete substance known as
Botany Bay kino.
EUCHROITE. A mineral of a light
emerald-green color, transparent and brit-
tle; the arseniate of copper.
EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA.
See Caryophyllus.
EUGENIA PIMENTA. (Myrtus Pimenta.)
The tree which produces the well-known
ETHYLEN, HYDROCYANATE. See Æther berries called allspice or Jamaica pepper.
Hydrocyanicus.
It grows in the West Indies, Mexico,
ETHYLEN, MURIATE. See Æther Mu- South America, and Jamaica.
riaticus.
ETHYLIC ETHER. See Ether.
EUGENIC ACID. See Caryophyllic
Acid.
EUG
EUP
180
EUGENIN. A crystallized principle | Eupatorium favorite with the medical
which forms in the water distilled from
cloves, and is gradually deposited.
EUONYMIN. A bitter principle, ob-
tained from wahoo bark.
profession in Jamaica, where it is known
by the name of Bitter Bush.
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. The offic-
inal thoroughwort or boneset plant, grow-
EUONYMITE. A saccharine, crys-ing in all parts of this country.
tallizable substance, closely resembling
mannite, but differing in form and melt-
ing-point, obtained from the fresh inner
bark of Euonymus Europæus.
EUPATORIUM PILOSUM,
EUPATORIUM TEUCRIFOLIUM,
EUPATORIUM VERBENEFOLIUM.
A species of Eupatorium, called Wild
EUONYMUS. A genus of plants Hoarhound, growing in the Southern
including the wahoo.
EUONYMUS AMERICANUS,
EUONYMUS EUROPEUS.
Species of
Euonymus
possessing properties similar to the offici-
nal species, E. atropurpureus.
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS. A plant
known by the several names of Wahoo,
Spindle Tree, and Burning Bush. It grows
in this country. The bark is used as a
tonic, hydragogue cathartic, diuretic, and
antiperiodic.
EUONYMUS TINGENS. A species of
Euonymus, the inner bark of which is
beautifully yellow, and used in India for
dyeing, and in diseases of the eye.
EUPATORIN. A name proposed for
the active principle of boneset, when dis-
covered.
States, possessing properties similar to
the E. perfoliatum.
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM. (Gravel
Root.) A species of Eupatorium growing
in this country, possessing diuretic prop-
erties.
EUPATORIUM SALVIA. A species of
Eupatorium growing on the hills of the
central provinces of Quillota, Valparaiso,
Rancagua, &c., Chili, and is employed.
medicinally as a nervine.
EUPHORBIA. A genus of plants of
many species.
EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM. A plant
growing in Egypt, Arabia, and the East
Indies, supposed to be one of the sources
of the concrete resinous juice called Eu-
EUPATORIUM. A genus of plants, phorbium.
including the boneset.
EUPATORIUM. (Thoroughwort, Bone-
set.) The tops and leaves of Eupatorium
perfoliatum. They are tonic, diaphoretic,
emetic, and aperient.
EUPATORIUM AYA-PANA. A species
growing in Brazil, the leaves of which
were formerly much used as an aromatic
bitter.
EUPATORIUM CANNABINUM. A Euro-
pean species, formerly used as a purgative.
EUPATORIUM INCARNATUM. A species
of Eupatorium growing in Texas, which
is supposed to furnish the herb called
Mata, which is used in New Mexico as an
addition to tobacco in smoking. It is
said, when burning, to have an odor like
that of the tonka bean, and, when smoked
with tobacco, to correct its disagreeable
smell.
EUPHORBIA CANARIENSIS. A species
of Euphorbia growing in the Canary
Islands and Western Africa.
EUPHORBIA CHILENSIS. A species of
Euphorbia growing in Chili, where its
juice is used as a drastic purgative.
EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. (Blooming
Spurge, Large-flowering Spurge, Milkweed.)
An erect plant, growing in various parts
of the United States, the root of which is
said to be an active emetic.
EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA. An in-
digenous species of Euphorbia, highly
recommended as a remedy in dysentery,
diarrhoea, menorrhagia, &c.
EUPHORBIA IPECACUANHA. See Amer-
ican Ipecacuanha.
EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. A biennial
plant, growing wild in this country, said
to have been introduced from Europe.
EUPATORIUM NERVOSUM. A species of Called also Mole Plant and Caper Plant,
EUP
EXO
181
1
the former, under the impression that
moles avoid it.
EUPHORBIA MACULATA. A species of
Euphorbia possessing properties similar
to those of E. hypericifolia.
EUPHORBIA OFFICINARUM. A species
of Euphorbia growing in the north of
Africa and at the Cape of Good Hope.
EUPHORBIA OIL. A fixed oil obtained
from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris. It
is a powerful purgative.
EUPHORBIA PROSTRATA. (Gollindrin-
era.) A species of Euphorbia, abundant
in the Southwestern States and in Mexico.
Said to be an antidote to the poison of
serpents.
EUPHORBIACEÆ. A family of
plants including the genera Ricinus,
Rottlera, Euphorbia, Croton, Petalostig-
ma, Curcas, &c.
EVACUANT. A medicine which pro-
motes the natural secretions and excre-
tions; a cathartic.
EVAPORATE. To pass off in vapor,
as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated,
either in visible vapor, or in particles too
minute to be visible; to convert from a
liquid or solid state into a gaseous, by the
agency of heat, especially by the slow
agency of natural heat.
EVAPOROMETER. An instrument
for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid
evaporated in a given time.
EVERITT'S SALT. An insoluble
compound of two equivalents of cyanide
of iron and one of cyanide of potassium,
resulting from the decomposition of ferro-
cyanide of potassium by sulphuric acid.
EVERNIC ACID. An acid obtained
from Evernia prunastri, and composed of
Native sulphate
EXANTHA LOSE.
of soda.
EUPHORBIUM. The concrete resin- | C3,H16014
ous juice of several species of Euphorbia.
It is a violent emetic and cathartic, and
capable of producing vesication when ex-
ternally applied.
EUPHORBON. A substance analo-
gous to lactucon, obtained from Euphor-
bium.
EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS. (Eye-
bright.) A small annual plant, common to
Europe and this country. It is bitterish
and astringent, and was formerly used in
disorders of the eyes.
EUPION. An inodorous, insipid, lim-
pid, and colorless liquid, obtained from
animal tar, and Dippel's animal oil.
EUPURPURIN. An oleoresin, of a
thick, pilular consistence, dark greenish-
brown color, having a faint, peculiar
smell, and a slightly nauseous taste, ob-
tained from Eupatorium purpureum.
EUROPEAN RHUBARB. A variety
of rhubarb growing in Europe, particu-
larly in England, France, and Belgium.
EUXANTHIC ACID. (Purree, Pur-
reic Acid, Indian Yellow.) A peculiar acid
in small crystals of a light yellow color,
obtained from Indian Yellow. It dissolves
sparingly in water, abundantly in hot al-
cohol, and its composition is CHO,C₁₂H16
O 20°
EXCIPIENT. Any inert or slightly
active substance used in preparing reme-
dies, as a vehicle or medium of adminis-
tration for the medicinal agents. Gum
arabic, honey, simple syrup, bread, ex-
tract of dandelion, &c., are often used as
excipients.
EXCITANT. A medicine which
arouses the vital activity of the body; a
stimulant.
EXHALATION. Evaporation.
EXHALENT. Having the quality of
exhaling or evaporating.
EXHAUST. To draw out or drain
off completely.
EXOGONIUM PURGA. The jalap
plant, called also Ipomea jalapa and Ipo-
mæa purga. It is a native of Mexico.
EXOSTEMMA. A term applied to a
new genus of Peruvian bark trees. They
are characterized by the projection of the
stamens beyond the corolla.
EXOSTEMMA CARIBEA. A Caribean
species of Exostemma.
The spe-
EXOSTEMMA FLORIBUNDA.
cies of Exostemma which produces the
St. Lucia bark or Quinquina pitou.
EXOTIC. Not native; introduced
EXP
EYE
182
from a foreign country; foreign, as an reduced to one-sixth of its volume, and
exotic plant.
then at a lower temperature, by means of
a vacuum apparatus, bringing it to the
consistence of an extract.
EXTRACT OF BELLADONNA.
EXPECTORANT. A medicine which
promotes discharges from the lungs or
throat.
Bruise
EXPLODE. To detonate; to burst twelve ounces of belladonna-leaves in a
with a loud report.
EXPLOSIVE. Capable of exploding.
EXPRESSED OIL OF NUTMEG.
(Oil of Mace.) A concrete oil obtained
by means of expression and heat from
nutmegs.
EXPRESSED OILS. A term sometimes
applied to fixed oils, from the mode in
which they are procured.
EXPRESSION. The process of sepa-
rating the last portions of tinctures and
infusions from the dregs.
stone mortar with a little water, and ex-
press the juice; then heat to the boiling-
point; strain, and evaporate to the proper
consistence.
EXTRACT OF BELLADONNA, ALCOHOLIC.
Prepare six pints of tincture by percola-
ting twenty-four ounces of belladonna-
leaves with water and diluted alcohol;
then evaporate to the consistence of an
extract.
(Extrac-
EXTRACT OF BITTERSWEET.
tum Dulcamara.) Exhaust twelve ounces
EXSICCANT. A medicine possessing of bittersweet with diluted alcohol by
the quality of drying.
EXTRACT. That which is extracted
or drawn out. The active principle taken
from any medicinal substance by heat,
solution, distillation, evaporation, perco-
lation, maceration, &c.
percolation; distil off the alcohol, and
evaporate to the proper consistence.
EXTRACT OF BUTTERNUT. (Extractum
Juglandis.) Exhaust by percolation with
water twelve ounces of butternut in mode-
rately coarse powder. Boil the liquid to
EXTRACTS, FLUID. The concentration three-fourths of its bulk; strain, and evap-
of the active ingredients of medicinal sub-orate to proper consistence.
stances into a smaller bulk in the liquid
form.
EXTRACT OF ACONITE is obtained by
evaporating the expressed juice of the
leaves and flowering tops of aconite.
EXTRACT OF ACONITE, ALCOHOLIC, is
obtained by exhausting aconite leaves
with alcohol and evaporating.
(Ex-
EXTRACT OF CALABAR BEAN.
tractum Physostigmatis.) Exhaust one
pound of Calabar bean with four pints of
rectified spirit by maceration and perco~
lation; filter; distil off most of the spirit,
and evaporate to the proper consistence.
EXTRACT OF ROSE-LEAF GERANIUM.
A preparation formed by dissolving three.
An ounces of oil of rose geranium in one
gallon of alcohol.
EXTRACT OF BEEF, BORDen's.
extract of meat, prepared in Illinois, con-
sisting exclusively of the solid ingredients
of the flesh, without addition even of
common salt or other condiment. In the
process of extraction it is exposed to suffi-
cient heat to cook it thoroughly; and to
fit it for use requires only hot water to
dissolve it.
EXTRACTIVE. A peculiar, imme-
diate principle, which has been admitted
in extracts. Thus, bitter extractive is the
immediate principle of bitter vegetables.
EXUDATION. The act of flowing from
a body through the pores, or by a natural
discharge as juices.
EYEBRIGHT. See Euphrasia Offici-
nalis.
EXTRACT OF BEEF, LIEBIG'S. (Extract
of Flesh, Extract of Meat, Extractum
Carnis.) The process of this preparation EYESTONE. A small, calcareous stone,
consists in preparing a broth with equal the operculum of a univalve shell, used
parts of meat, cut fine, and of cold water; for taking substances from between the
straining this through a linen cloth, evap- lid and ball of the eye, by being put into
orating it in a boiler over a naked fire till the inner corner of the eye under the lid,
EYE
FEC
183
and allowed to work its way out at the
outer corner, bringing with it any foreign
substance.
nial herb, growing in all parts of the
United States. The leaves and flowers
dried and powdered are used as an errhine.
EYE-WATER. A medicated water or It has been recommended in intermittent
lotion for the eyes; a collyrium.
F.
fever.
FALSE TIN-FOIL. A foil made by coat-
ing lead with tin, and rolling it out into
FABA SANCTI IGNATII. See Bean thin sheets.
of St. Ignatius.
FÆCES: Sediment, after infusion or
distillation.
FAGARA OCTANDRA. See Amyris
Tomentosa.
FAHAM. A kind of tea. See Angra-
cum Fragrans.
FAHLERZ. Gray copper ore. It
contains copper, antimony, arsenic, and
sulphur.
FAHRENHEIT'S THERMOMETER.
A thermometer universally employed in
this country and Great Britain; its freez-
ing-point of water is placed at 32°, and
the boiling-point at 212°, and the number
of intervening degrees is 180.
FALSE ANGUSTURA. See Angus-
tura.
FALSE BARKS. A variety of barks,
introduced into the market, and sold as
closely resembling or identical with the
febrifuge barks of Peru, which experience
has proved to differ from them materially,
both in chemical composition and medical
virtues. They are generally procured
from trees formerly ranked among the
Cinchonas, but now arranged in other
genera. They are distinguished from the
true Peruvian bark by the absence of its
peculiar alkaloids.
FALSE TRAGACANTH. See Caramania
Gum.
FALSE UNICORN PLANT. (Helonias
Dioica, Starwort.) A small, perennial,
herbaceous plant, growing in this country,
the bulbous root of which is used in colic
and leucorrhoea.
FARINA. (Wheat Flour, Farina Trit-
ici.) Flour made from the grain of Trit-
icum hibernum, or common winter wheat,
and other species.
FARINA TRITICI.
See Farina.
FAT LUTE. A preparation made like
putty, pipe-clay being substituted for
whiting. It is applied to the joinings of
apparatus, to prevent the escape of corro-
sive vapors.
FAT MANNA. A variety of manna, col-
lected in the latter part of October and
November, when the juice is less disposed
to concrete. It is in the form of a soft,
viscous mass, containing few crystalline
fragments, of a brown or yellowish-brown
color, and full of impurities.
FEBRIFUGE. A medicine that re-
duces or mitigates fever; having the qual-
ity of subduing fever; an antifebrile.
FEBURE'S REMEDY FOR CAN-
CER. A preparation, consisting of ten
grains of arsenious acid, dissolved in a
FALSE COLUMBO. See Columbo, False. | pint of distilled water, to which is added
FALSE MANNAS. Species of manna an ounce of extract of conium, three fluid
obtained by exudation from Tamarix ounces of solution of subacetate of lead,
Gallica, Alhagi Maurorum, Eucalyptus and a fluid drachin of tincture of opium.
mannifera, Eucalyptus dumosa, Larix His formula for internal exhibition was:
Europæa or Pinus larix, Larix cedrus, and
Pinus Lambertiana. They differ princi-
pally from the true manna in containing
no mannite.
arsenious acid, two grains; rhubarb, half
an ounce; syrup of chicory, q. s.; dis-
tilled water, a pint. Of this mixture a
tablespoonful was given every night and
FALSE SARSAPARILLA. See Aralia Nu- morning, with half a fluid ounce of syrup
dicaulis.
of poppies. Increase the dose gradually
to six tablespoonfuls.
FALSE SUNFLOWER. (Sneezewort, Helen-
ium Autumnale.) An indigenous, peren-
FECAL. Pertaining to dregs.
FEC
FER
184
FECULA. The nutritious part of
FENUGREEK. (Trigonella Fœnum-
wheat, starch, or farina; called also amy-græcum.) An annual plant, growing spon-
laceous fecula; the green matter of plants; taneously in Southern Europe, and culti-
chlorophyll.
vated in France and Germany, the seeds
FEL BOVINUM. (Ox Gall.) The of which have an oily, bitterish, farina-
bile of the ox; it is a viscid fluid, of a ceous taste, a peculiar odor, and contain
green or greenish-yellow color, a peculiar fixed and volatile oil, mucilage, bitter
nauseous odor, and a bitter taste. It is extractive, and a yellow coloring sub-
said to contain bilin, chol-pyrrhin, mucus, stance. They are employed in the prepa-
extractive matters, a peculiar, fatty mat-ration of emollient cataplasms, enemata,
ter called cholesterin, oleate, margarate, and enter into some officinal ointments
and stearate of soda, sulphate, phosphate, and plasters. They are used also in the
and lactate of soda, chloride of sodium, preparation of horse or condition pow-
and phosphate of lime.
FEL BOVINUM PURIFICATUM. (Puri-
fied Ox Bile.) The bile of the ox purified
by mixing one pint of it with two pints
of rectified spirit, agitating it in a bottle,
setting it aside for twelve hours until the
sediment subsides, decanting the clear
solution, and evaporating in a porcelain
dish by a water-bath to a suitable consis-
tence.
FEL TAURI. Ox gall and alcohol, sp.
gr. 0.83, equal parts. Mix; let stand, and
filter. Distil the alcohol, and to the resi-
due add purified animal charcoal, till a
small portion, when filtered, has a light
yellow color; then filter, and evaporate
to dryness.
FELLINIC ACID. A resinous acid
obtained by the action of acids on bilin.
FEMALE FERN. See Aspidium Filix
Fœmina.
ders.
FERMENT. To undergo fermenta-
tion.
FERMENTATION. That change of
organic substances by which their starch,
sugar, gluten, &c., under the influence of
water, air, and warmth, are decomposed,
usually with evolution of gas and heat,
and their elements are recombined in new
compounds. The saccharine fermentation
changes starch and gum into sugar; the
vinous converts sugar into alcohol; the
acetous changes alcohol and other sub-
stances into vinegar; the viscous converts
sugar into a mucilaginous substance; the
putrefactive attends the decomposition of
substances containing nitrogen.
FERMENTUM.
mentum.
See Cerevisiæ Fer-
FERN. An order of cryptogamous
plants, the Filices, which have their fruc-
tification on the back of the fronds or
FENNEL. (Foeniculum.) The fruit
or seeds of Fœniculum vulgare or Anethum | leaves.
foeniculum, which see.
FERN, FEMALE. See Aspidium Filix
FERN, MALE. See Aspidium Filix Mas.
FERNAMBUCO WOOD. See Brazil-
Wood.
FERONIA ELEPHANTUM. A tree,
growing in Hindostan, which produces a
gum similar to gum arabic.
FENNEL FLOWER, SMALL. (Nigella Sa- | Fœmina.
tiva, Nutmeg Flower.) A small, annual
plant, growing wild in Syria and the south
of Europe, and cultivated in various parts
of the world. The seeds, Semen Nigellæ,
are of a strong, agreeable, aromatic odor,
like that of nutmegs, and a spicy, pungent
taste. They contain a volatile and fixed
oil, and a peculiar bitter principle, denomi-
nated Nigellin. They are considered as
stimulant, diaphoretic, and emmena-
gogue.
FENNEL FRUIT. (Fœniculi Fructus.)
FENNEL WATER. See Aqua Foeniculi.
FERRATED ELIXIR OF CIN-
CHONA. See Elixir Cinchona Ferrated.
FER REDUIT. (Ferri Pulvis.) A
French name for reduced iron.
FERREIRA SPECTABILIS. A tree,
growing in Brazil, from which a resin is
collected, known in some parts of the
FER
FER
185
country as Sulphato, in others as Resina solution, evaporate it, by means of a
d'Angelim Pedra.
water-bath, to the consistence of syrup,
FERRI ARSENIAS. See Arseniate and spread it upon plates of glass or por-
of Iron.
celain, so that on drying the salt may be
FERRI BROMIDUM. See Bromide of obtained in scales.
Iron.
FERRI ET QUINIE CITRAS. See Citrate
FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATA. See of Iron and Quinia.
Carbonate of Iron, Saccharine.
Ferri CarburETUM. See Black Lead.
FERRI CHLORIDI TINCTURA. The mu-
riated tincture of iron.
FERRI FERROCYANIDUM. (Ferri Fer-
rocyanuretum, Ferrocyanide of Iron, Pure
Prussian Blue, Ferrocyanuret of Iron.)
Dissolve nine troy ounces of ferrocyanide
FERRI CHLORIDUM. See Chloride of of potassium in two pints of water, and
Iron.
FERRI CITRAS. See Citrate of Iron.
FERRI ET AMMONIA CITRAS. See Cit-
rate of Iron and Ammonia.
add the solution gradually to a pint of
solution of tersulphate of iron, previously
diluted with a pint of water; stir the
mixture during the addition. Then filter
FERRI ET AMMONIÆ SULPHAS. Am- the liquid, and wash the precipitate on
monia Ferric Alum.
the filter with boiling water, until the
washings pass nearly tasteless. Lastly,
dry it and rub it into powder. A tonic,
febrifuge, and alterative.
FERRI FERROCYANURETUM. See Ferri
Ferrocyanidum.
FERRI FILUM. (Ferri Ramenta, Lima-
tura Ferri.) Iron wire, iron filings.
FERRI ET AMMONIÆ TARTRAS. (Tar-
trate of Iron and Ammonia.) A salt pre-
pared by dissolving six troy ounces of
tartaric acid in two pints of distilled
water, saturating the solution with car-
bonate of ammonia, then adding six
ounces more of tartaric acid, dissolved in
half a pint of distilled water, and mix the
solutions. With two pints and a half of
solution of tersulphate of iron, prepare
the hydrated oxide of iron according to
the formula for that preparation, and add
it gradually to the solution of bitartrate
of ammonia, kept at the temperature of
150°, until it is no longer dissolved. Then
filter the solution, and evaporate to the
consistence of syrup. Lastly, spread it on
plates of glass, so that in drying it may
crystallize in scales.
FERRI ET MAGNESIE CITRAS. See funnel inserted in the mouth of the bottle,
Citrate of Iron and Magnesia.
FERRI ET POTASSA TARTRAS. (Ferrum
Tartaratum, Tartrate of Iron and Potassa,
Tartarated Iron, Potassiotartrate of Iron.)
Prepare with a pint of solution of tersul-
phate of iron the hydrated oxide of iron,
according to the formula for that prepa-
ration. Mix seven troy ounces of cream
of tartar with four pints of distilled
water; heat the mixture to 140°; keep it
at that temperature, and gradually add
the hydrated oxide; stir frequently until
it ceases to be dissolved; then filter the
FERRI IODIDI SYRUPUS. (Liquor Ferri
Iodidi, Syrup of Iodide of Iron, Solution
of Iodide of Iron.) Mix two troy ounces
of iodine and three hundred grains of iron
wire, cut in pieces, with three fluid ounces
of distilled water, in a flask of thin glass;
shake the mixture occasionally until the
reaction ceases and the solution has ac-
quired a green color and lost the smell of
iodine. Now introduce a pint of simple
syrup into a graduated bottle, heat it by
a water-bath to 212°, and, through a small
filter into it the solution already prepared.
When this has passed, close the bottle,
shake it thoroughly, and when the liquid
has cooled add sufficient syrup to make
the whole measure twenty fluid ounces.
Lastly, again shake and transfer its con-
tents to two-ounce vials, which must be
well stopped.
FERRI IODIDUM. (Iodide of Iron.)
Place in a flask three troy ounces of
iodine, one ounce and a half of iron wire,
and twelve fluid ounces of water, and,
having heated the mixture gently for
FER
FER
186
about ten minutes, raise the heat, and boil
until the froth becomes white. Pass the
solution as quickly as possible through a
wetted calico filter into a dish of polished
iron, wash the filter with three fluid ounces
of water, and boil down until a drop of
the solution, taken out on the end of an
iron wire, solidifies on cooling. Then
pour it out on a porcelain dish, and, as
soon as it has solidified, break it into
fragments, which should be kept in well-
stopped bottles.
obtained.
ceased, continue the heat until no more
gas escapes; then add sufficient distilled
water to bring the liquid to the measure
of thirty-six fluid ounces.
FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM. (Ferri
Peroxidum Humidum, Ferrugo, Hydrated
Oxide of Iron, Hydrated Peroxide of Iron,
Hydrated Sesquioxide of Iron, Moist Per-
oxide of Iron.) To a pint of solution
of tersulphate of iron, mixed with three
pints of water, add water of ammonia,
with constant stirring, until in slight
Then pour the whole on a wet
muslin strainer, and wash the precipitate
with water until the washings pass nearly
tasteless. Lastly, mix the precipitate
with sufficient water to make the mixture
measure a pint and a half, and transfer it
to a wide-mouthed bottle, which must be
well stopped.
FERRI LACTAS. (Lactate of Iron.) | excess.
Mix a fluid ounce of lactic acid with a
pint of distilled water in an iron vessel,
add half a troy ounce of iron filings, and
digest the mixture on a water-bath, sup-
plying distilled water from time to time
to preserve the measure. When the
action has ceased, filter the solution, while
hot, into a porcelain capsule, and set it
FERRI OXIDUM MAGNETICUM. (Mag-
aside to crystallize. At the end of forty-netic Oxide of Iron, Martial Ethiops.)
eight hours, decant the liquid, wash the Dissolve two ounces of sulphate of iron in
crystals with a little alcohol, and dry two pints of water, and add to it five and
them on bibulous paper. By evaporating
a half ounces of solution of persulphate
the mother liquor, filtering while hot, and
of iron; then mix this with four pints of
setting it aside, more crystals may be solution of soda and stir well together.
Boil the mixture, let it stand for two
FERRI NITRATIS LIQUor. (Liquor
hours, stirring it occasionally; then put
Ferri Pernitratis, Solution of Nitrate of it on a calico filter, and when the liquid
Iron, Solution of Pernitrate of Iron, Solu-
has drained away wash the precipitate
tion of Ternitrate of Sesquioxide of Iron.) with distilled water until what passes
Mix two ounces and a half of finely-cut through the filter ceases to give a precip-
iron wire with twelve fluid ounces of dis-itate with chloride of barium. Lastly,
tilled water, in a wide-mouthed bottle, dry the precipitate at a temperature not
and add to the mixture, in small portions exceeding 120°.
at a time, with frequent agitation, three
troy ounces of nitric acid (of the specific
gravity 1.42), previously mixed with six
fluid ounces of distilled water, moderating
the reaction by setting the vessel in cold
water, in order to prevent the occurrence
of red fumes. When the effervescence
has nearly ceased, agitate the solution
with the undissolved iron until a portion FERRI PEROXIDUM. (Ferri Peroxidum
of the liquid, on being filtered, exhibits a | Hydratum, Hydrated Peroxide of Iron,
pale green color. Then filter the liquid,
Then filter the liquid, Peroxide of Iron, Sesquioxide of Iron.) Dry
and, having poured it into a capacious one pound of moist peroxide of iron, at a
porcelain capsule, heat it to the tempera- temperature not exceeding 212°, until it
ture of 130°, and add the remainder of the ceases to lose weight; then reduce it to a
nitric acid. When the effervescence has fine powder.
FERRI PERCHLORIDI LIQUOR. (Solu-
tion of Perchloride of Iron.) Mix together
five fluid ounces of strong solution of per-
chloride of iron and fifteen fluid ounces of
distilled water.
FERRI PERNITRATIS LIQUOR. See
Ferri Nitratis Liquor.
FER
FER
187
FERRI PEROXIDUM HUMIDUM.
Ferri Ocidum Hydratum.
See application to ringworm, prepared by
dissolving 44 parts of precipitated subcar-
FERRI PEROXIDUM HYDRATUM. See bonate of iron, moderately dried, in a
Ferri Peroxidum.
FERRI PHOSPHAS. (Phosphate of Iron.)
Dissolve five ounces of sulphate of iron
and six ounces of phosphate of soda, each
separately, in four pints of water; mix
the solutions, and set the mixture aside
that the precipitate may subside. Pour
off the liquor, wash the precipitate with
hot water, and dry.
FERRI PULVIS. (Iron Reduced by Hy-
drogen, Ferrum Redactum, Reduced Iron,
Quevenne's Iron, Powder of Iron.)
FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS. (Pyrophosphate
of Iron.)
FERRI RAMENTA. (Iron Filings, Ferri
Filum, Iron Wire, Limatura Ferri.)
boiling solution of 9 parts of pure tannic
| acid, evaporating the solution at the tem-
perature of 176° in a porcelain vessel,
until it becomes thick, pouring it out on a
glass or porcelain plate, and drying it
with a gentle heat.
FERRI VALERIANAS. (Valerianate of
Iron.) A salt of iron employed in chlorosis
and hysterical affections.
FERRIC ACID. (Teroxide of Iron.)
An acid consisting of one equivalent of
iron and three of oxygen. It may be ob-
tained in union with potassa by passing
chlorine through a very concentrated so-
| lution of that alkali, holding the hydrated
sesquioxide of iron in suspension.
FERRIDCYANIDE OF
OF POTAS-
SIU M. (Red Prussiate of Potassa.) A prep-
aration used in dyeing and calico printing,
formed by passing a current of chlorine
through a solution of ferrocyanide of
potassium until the liquid ceases to form
a precipitate with a solution of sesquichlo-
ride of iron, and evaporating.
FERRI SQUAMÆ. (Scales of Iron.)
Scales of iron, formerly officinal with the
Dublin College, under the name of the
Black Oxide. They were prepared from
the scales found at the blacksmith's anvil,
by washing them with water, separating
them from impurities by a magnet, and
reducing to powder. See Ferri Oxidum
Magneticum.
FERRI SUBCARBONAS. See Carbonate of compound names, denotes that iron enters
Iron, Precipitated.
FERRI SULPHAS. (Sulphate of Iron,
Green Vitriol.)
FERRI SULPHAS EXSICCATA. (Dried
Sulphate of Iron.) Sulphate of iron, dried
by exposure to heat, and reduced to a fine
powder.
FERRO. (Ferrum, Iron.) Prefixed to
into the composition of the substance.
FERROCYANATE OF POTASSA.
(Ferrocyanuret of Potassium, Ferroprus-
siate of Potassa, Prussiate of Potassa, Fer-
rocyanide of Potassium, Potassæ Prussias
Flava, Yellow Prussiate of Potassa.) A
salt obtained by fusing animal substances,
FERRI SULPHAS GRANULATA. (Gran-such as horns, hoofs, skins, woollen rags,
ulated Sulphate of Iron.) Sulphate of iron, old leather, and all substances rich in
prepared in minute granular crystals. nitrogen, with carbonate of potash in an
FERRI SULPHAS VENALIS. See Com-iron pot, lixiviating the crude product with
mercial Sulphate of Iron
water, and purifying the salt by crystal-
lization. It is used chiefly for dyeing.
FERROCYANATE OF QUINIA. A salt
prepared by boiling together two parts of
sulphate of quinia, and three of ferrocy-
FERRI SULPHURETUM. (Sulphuret of
Iron.) Protosulphuret of iron, prepared
by melting together iron in small pieces
and sublimed sulphur. It is used consid-
erably for the purpose of obtaining sul-anide of potassium, in a very little water,
phuretted hydrogen, which is extensively
used in processes for isolating the active
principles of medicinal substances.
FERRI TANNAS. (Tannate of Iron.)
An astringent and tonic salt, a popular
pouring off the liquor from a greenish-
yellow substance of an oily consistence
which is precipitated, washing the latter
with distilled water, then dissolving it in
strong alcohol at 100° F., filtering it im-
FER
FIB
188
mediately, and afterwards evaporating the
solution.
FERROCYANIC. Pertaining to, or
derived from iron and cyanogen. Ferro-
cyanic acid; protocyanide of iron.
FERROCYANIDE. A compound of
the protocyanide of iron with some other
cyanide.
FERROCYANIDE OF CADMIUM AND PO-
A yellowish-white precipitate,
produced in solution of sulphate of cad-
TASSIUM.
FERRUM REDACTUM. See Ferri Pulvis.
FERRUM TARTARATUM. See Ferri et
Potassa Tartras.
FERULA. A genus of plants which
includes the asafoetida plant.
FERULA AMMONIFERA. A name for-
merly applied to the Dorema ammonia-
cum or Ammoniæ plant.
FERULA ASAFOETIDA. A former name
for the asafoetida.
FERULA ERUBESCENS. A plant grow-
mium on addition of ferrocyanide of po-ing near the south coast of the Caspian,
tassium.
FERROCYANIDE OF IRON. See Ferri
Ferrocyanidum.
from which Galbanum is obtained.
FERULA FERULAGO. (Ferula Galbanif-
era.) A plant, growing on the coasts of
FERROCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. See the Mediterranean, which has been sup-
Ferrocyanate of Potassa.
FERROCYANIDE OF ZINC.
OF ZINC. (Ferrocy-
anuret of Zinc.) A salt prepared by double
decomposition between hot solutions of
ferrocyanide of potassium and sulphate
of zinc. It is used for the same purposes
as the cyanide.
FERROCYANOGEN. (Tercyanide of
Iron.) A compound radical formed of
three equivalents of cyanogen and one of
iron united with two equivalents of potas-
sium.
FERROCYANURET OF POTAS-
SIUM. See Ferrocyanate of Potassa.
FERROCYANURET OF ZINC. See Ferro-
cyanide of Zinc.
FERROPRUSSIATE OF POTASSA.
See Ferrocyanate of Potassa.
FERRUGO.
See Ferri Oxidum Hy-
dratum.
FERRUM. (Iron.) Wrought iron in
the form of wire or nails, free from oxide.
It is pre-eminently a tonic, and peculiarly
well fitted to improve the quality of the
blood when impoverished from any cause.
FERRUM ACETICUM SOLUTUM. Solu-
tion of sesquiacetate of iron, specific
gravity, 1.134; 100 parts contain 8 parts
of iron.
posed to produce the Galbanum.
FERULA GALBANIFERA. A plant iden-
tical with Ferula ferulago, which see.
FERULA PERSICA. A plant, growing
in Persia, which is considered as one of the
sources of asafoetida. It is supposed also
by some to be the source of sagapenum, a
moderate stimulant, resembling asafoetida,
but much inferior.
FERULA TINGITANA. A species of
Ferula, from which is obtained the gum
ammoniac of the ancients.
FERULYLE. A carbohydrogen, C12
H₁₂, homologous with Allyle.
121
FETID. Having an offensive smell.
FETID ALOES. See Aloes, Fetid.
FETID SPIRIT OF AMMONIA.
Ammonia, Fetid Spirit of.
See
FEVER BUSH. See Benzoin Odorif-
erum.
FEVER ROOT. (Fever Wort, Triosteum,
Wild Ipecac.) The root of Triosteum per-
foliatum, a plant growing in most parts of
the United States, the whole of which is
bitter; the root is cathartic and emetic.
FEVER WORT. See Fever Root.
FEVERFEW. See Chrysanthemum
Parthenium.
FIAT. Let it be done; a command to
FERRUM AMMONIATUM. See Ammoni- do something.
ated Iron.
FERRUM SESQUICHLORATUM SOLUTUM.
Solution of sesquichloride of iron prepared
by passing chlorine through a solution
of the protochloride till entirely oxidized.
One of the delicate, thread-
FIBRlike or string-like portions of
}
FIBER.
which the tissues of plants and animals
are in part constituted.
FIBRIN. A peculiar organic com-
FIB
FLA
189
pound, found in animals and vegetables,
and also contained in coagulated blood.
Pure fibrin is of a whitish color, inodor-
ous, and insoluble in cold water, tough,
elastic, and composed of thready fibres.
FIBROIN. An animal principle found
in the interior of the fibres of silk.
FIBROUS. Containing or consisting
of fibres.
FIREWEED.
acifolia.
See Erechthites Hier-
FIR WOOL. A fibrous substance
pre-
pared from the leaves of Pinus sylvestris
and other species of Pinus and Abies,
which is made into wadding and clothing,
and used in the treatment of rheumatism,
chronic skin affections, &c.
FIR WOOL EXTRACT. An extract of
FIBROUS CARTHAGENA BARKS. A va- the leaves of the Pinus sylvestris, used
riety of Peruvian barks.
for similar purposes as the fir wool.
FICOIDEÆ. A family of plants to
which the genus Mesembryanthemum be-
longs.
FICUS. (Fig.) The dried fruit of the
Ficus carica or Fig tree, growing in
Europe. They are nutritious, laxative,
and demulcent.
}
FICUS CARICA. See Ficus.
FICUS INDICA,
Two species of
FICUS RELIGIOSA. Ficus, growing in
the East Indies, which furnish the resinous
substance known as Shellac.
FIG. See Ficus.
FIG WORT.
(Scrophularia Nodosa,
Knotty-rooted Figwort.) A plant, growing
in Europe, the leaves of which are said to
be anodyne and diuretic.
FILICES. A family of ferns, to which
belong the genera Aspidium, Adiantum,
Pellæa, Polypodium, Nephrodium, &c.
FILICIC ACID. A peculiar acid ob-
tained from the oil of male fern root.
FILIX MAS. (Male Fern.) The rhi-
zoma of Aspidium filix mas, which see.
FILLÆA SUAVEOLENS. See Ery-
throphleum Guineense.
FILM. A thin skin; a pellicle; a
membranous covering.
FILTER. A strainer made of unsized
paper, muslin, linen, or woollen cloth,
charcoal, glass, sand, or other substance,
through which liquors are passed for
defecation.
FILTRATE. The liquid which has
been filtrated or passed through a filter.
FILTRATION. By displacement. See
Percolation.
FIR WOOL OIL. A volatile oil, distilled
from the leaves of the Pinus sylvestris,
and other species, and used internally and
externally as a remedy for rheumatism,
palsy, chronic skin affections, &c., &c.
FISETIC ACID. (Fisetine.) A yel-
low coloring substance, in long, crystalline
needles, obtained from the fustic of Rhus
cotinus or Hungarian fustic.
FISETINE. See Fisetic Acid.
FISH GLUE See Isinglass.
FISHERY SALT. A variety of com-
mon salt.
FITZROYA PATAGONIA.
A gi-
gantic tree, abounding on the Cordilleras
in the neighborhood of Chiloe. The bark
and resin are in use in Chili. The fibres
of the bark are used for various technical
purposes; the resin yields a good varnish.
FIXED. Settled; established; firm.
FIXED AIR. An invisible fluid, heavier
than common air, and fatal to animal
life; called also carbonic acid.
FIXED BODIES. Those bodies which
cannot be volatilized or separated by a
common menstruum without difficulty.
FIXED OILS. (Olea Fixa, Expressed
Oils.) Oils which are not operated on,
or but slightly, by the vaporizing influ-
ence of caloric.
FLAG, BLUE. See Iris Versicolor.
FLAG, SWEET. See Calamus.
FLAKE. A loose, filmy, or scale-like
mass of anything; a film, fleck, lamina,
layer; as, a flake of manna.
FLAKE MANNA. (Manna Cannulata.)
The purest quality of manna, which ex-
FINE-LEAVED WATER HEM-udes spontaneously or by incisions from
LOCK. See Enanthe Phellandrium.
the Fraxinus ornus, and of F. rotundi-
FLA
FLO
190
-
folia, during the hottest and driest wea- | A plant of the genus Sisymbrium, formerly
officinal. It has been used externally in
ther in July and August.
FLAKE WHITE. The purest white lead, indolent ulcers, and the seeds internally
in flakes or scales. A subnitrate of bis-in worms.
muth or pearl white.
FLOCCULENT. Coalescing and ad-
FLORENCE RECEIVER. A coni-
FLAMMULA JOVIS. An old name hering in flocks or flakes.
for the plant Clematis erecta.
narrow towards the top, and very near its
base furnished with a tubulure or open-
ing, to which is adapted, by means of a
pierced cork, a bent tube, so shaped as to
rise perpendicularly to seven-eighths of
the height of the receiver, then to pass off
from it at right angles, and near the end
to bear downwards.
FLASK. A narrow-necked vessel for cal glass vessel, broad at the bottom and
holding fluids of various capacities.
FLAVESCENT. Yellowish.
FLAVINE. A vegetable extract, in
the form of a light-brown or greenish-
yellow powder, and containing a large
proportion of tannin and coloring matter.
FLAX. (Linum Usitatissimum.) The
common flax, an annual plant, almost
everywhere cultivated, the seeds of which
are demulcent and emollient.
FLORENTINE ORRIS. (Iris Floren-
tina.) The rhizoma of Iris Florentina, a
plant, native of Italy. It is cathartic and
emetic. It enters largely into tooth-pow-
ders.
FLAX, PURGING. (Linum Catharticum.)
An annual plant, growing in Europe. It
is very bitter and somewhat acrid. It was
formerly used as a gentle cathartic, but
now as a remedy in muscular rheumatism
and dropsy with disease of the liver.
FLAXSEED. (Linum.) The seed of Floridanum.) An evergreen shrub or
Linum usitatissimum. See Flax.
FLAXSEED CATAPLASM. See Cataplas-
ma Lini.
FLORES MARTIALES. See Ammo-
niated Iron.
FLORIDA ANISE TREE. (
(Illicium
small tree, growing in Florida, along the
coast which bounds the Gulf of Mexico.
It possesses properties similar to those of
FLAXSEED MEAL. (Linseed Meal, Lini anise, and may be substituted for that
Farina.) Ground flaxseed.
FLAXSEED OIL. (Oleum Lini.) The
oil obtained by expression from flaxseed.
It is a laxative in the dose of a fluid
ounce.
FLEABANE. See Erigeron.
FLEAWORT. (Plantago Psyllium.)
A species of plantago, growing in the
south of Europe, the seeds of which, called
Semen Psyllii, closely resemble flaxseed in
medical properties.
FLESH-COLORED ASCLEPIAS.
See Asclepias Incarnata.
aromatic.
FLORIDA ARROWROOT. See Zamia Ar-
rowroot
FLOTOVIA DIACANTHOIDES. A
plant, commonly called Palomao and
Fullu by the Chilians, abounding in the
southern provinces of Rutuco and Rauco.
A decoction of the bark is employed and
praised for the treatment of convulsions.
FLOUR OF MEAT. A preparation
of meat formed by drying it at a tempera-
ture generally below that necessary for
coagulating albumen, so as to deprive it
FLEXIBLE COLLODION. See Col- of all its water, and then by grinding it
lodion, Flexible.
FLIES. See Cantharis and C. Vittata.
FLINT GLASS. A pure and beautiful
glass, of great density and high refractive
power, in which oxide of lead is a distin-
guishing ingredient. It was originally
made of flints, hence the name.
to a very fine powder.
FLOUR OF MUSTARD.
tard.
Ground mus-
A plant of
FLOWER-DE-LUCE.
several species, of the genus Iris.
FLOWERING ASH. The Fraxinus
ornus or Ornus Europa, from which
FLIXWEED. (Sisymbrium Sophia.) manna is obtained.
|
FLO
FEN
191
FLOWERS.
A name applied to those
products of sublimation which slightly
cohere.
an ordinary quill. It leaves distinctly
the characters traced.
FLUORIDE OF SODIUM. A compound
FLOWERS OF BENZOIN. See Acid, Ben- prepared from fluoride of calcium, car-
zoic.
bonate of lime, sulphate of soda, and an
FLOWERS OF SULPHUR. See Sublimed excess of carbon.
Sulphur.
FLOWERS OF ZINC. (Pompholix, Nihil
Album, Lana Philosophica.) A name for-
merly applied to the oxide of zinc when
prepared by combustion.
FLUATE. A salt once supposed to
be formed by fluoric acid, combined with
a base, as fluate of alumina or of soda.
These are properly fluorides.
FLUID. A body having particles
which easily change their relative position,
and move without a separation of the
mass, and which easily yield to pressure;
capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous; a
body whose particles move easily among
themselves and yield to the least force
impressed, and which, when that force is
removed, recovers its previous form.
FLUID EXTRACTS. The active ingre-
dients of medicinal substances concen-
trated into a small bulk in the liquid form.
FLUOBORATE. A compound of fluo-
boric acid with a base.
FLUOBORIC ACID. An acid con-
sisting of fluorine and boron.
FLUOMANGANIC ACID. An acid
prepared by adding hydrofluoric acid to
an ethereal solution of perchloride of
manganese.
FLUOMANGANOUS ACID. A
compound prepared by adding hydroflu-
oric acid to an ethereal solution of per-
chloride of manganese. Its reactions are
similar to those of the perchlorides; it
forms unstable compounds with bases.
FLUOPHOSPHATE. A compound
formed by the union of fluoric and phos-
phoric acids with a base.
FLUORINE. An element related to
both chlorine and oxygen, but not known
in the separate state. Combined with
calcium, it forms fluoride of calcium or
fluorspar; with hydrogen, it forms a gas
called fluorhydric acid, which is a very
powerful agent in corroding glass. It has
been discovered in coal tar.
FLUOSILICATE. A compound of
fluosilicic acid with a base.
FLUOSILICATE OF BARIUM. A com-
pound obtained by first treating fluosilicic
acid with a little sulphate of baryta and
filtering the acid, when it will yield the
fluosilicate pure on treating it with pure
hydrate of baryta.
FLUOSILICIC ACID. An acid com-
posed of fluorine and silicon.
FLUX. A term used in the process of
the reduction of metallic compounds.
When some third substance interferes
with the process, a substance capable of
combining with it is added, called a flux.
FLUX, DEFLAGRATING. See Deflagrat-
ing Flux.
FLYCATCHER.
(Trumpet Plant,
Huntsman's Cup.) A yellow-flowered
plant of Florida, the roots of which are
said to possess extraordinary powers in
the cure of diarrhoea.
FLY POWDER. An imperfect oxide of
arsenic, which, mixed with sugar and
water, is used to kill flies; cobalt.
FLY TRAP. (Sarracenia, Side-saddle
Plant.) Sarracenia flava and S. variolaris
are two Southern species of Sarracenia,
the roots of which have been used in
dyspepsia, sick headache, water-brash,
FLUORIC. Pertaining to or obtained gastralgia, &c.
from fluorspar, as fluoric acid.
FLUORIDE. A compound of fluorine
with a metallic or combustible base.
FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM. A compound
which, when in solution, is used success-
fully for etching or writing on glass with
FENICULI FRUCTUS. (Fennel
Fruit, Fennel, Fœniculum.) The fruit of
Foeniculum vulgare.
FENICULUM. See Foeniculi Fructus.
FENICULUM DULCE, \ See Anethum
FENICULUM VULGARE. Fœniculum.
FEN
FRA
192
FENICULUM OFFICINALE. (Sweet Fen-
nel.) A species of Foeniculum growing
in the south of Europe. It is a variety of
F. vulgare.
Common salt, in the solid and natural
state.
FOTHERGILL'S PILLS. Pills com-
posed of aloes, scammony, colocynth, and
FOLIA MALABATHRI. See Mala- | oxide of antimony.
bathri Folia.
FOLIATED EARTH OF TARTAR.
A name formerly applied to the acetate of
potassa.
FOLIATION.
into leaves.
FOUNTAIN TREE. A tree in the
Canary Isles which distils water from its
leaves.
FOWLER'S SOLUTION. See Arsen-
The act of forming ical Solution.
FOLLICLE. A simple pod, opening
down the inner suture; a univalvular
pericarp.
FOMENT. To apply warm lotions to;
to bathe with warm water or medicated
liquors.
FORENSIC. Belonging to courts of
judicature; used in courts or in legal pro-
ceedings, as Forensic Medicine.
FOXGLOVE. See Digitalis.
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION.
A process of distillation by which the
operator has complete and easy control of
the temperature of the vapors given off,
and can consequently readily separate
volatile liquids of different specific gravity
and different boiling-points.
FRANGIPANNI. A perfume derived
from or imitating the odor of a flower
FORMAMIDE. A compound, pre-produced by a West India tree, of the
pared from the formiates of ammonia, genus Plumiera.
lime, or soda, or from oxalate of ammonia,
by dry distillation.
FORMIATE. A salt composed of
formic acid and a base.
FORMIATE OF AMMONIA. A chemical
homologue of acetate of ammonia. Its
acid is a derivative of methyl, as acetic
acid is of ethyl. It is employed in epi-
lepsy and paralysis. It is analogous in
its effects to the carbonate.
FORMIC ACID. An acid obtained
originally from red ants, but now formed
by artificial distillation. It is derived
from methyl, and composed of C₂H₂OHO,
CH₂O3.
2
FORMULA. A prescription or recipe;
an expression, by means of symbols and
letters, of the constituents of a compound.
A rational formula gives the exact propor-
tion and grouping of the elements; an
irrational or empirical formula does not.
FORMYL. The hypothetical base of
formic acid.
FORMYL TERCHLORIDE. See Chloro-
form.
FORMYL TERIODIDE. See Iodoform.
FOSSIL. Dug out of the earth, as
fossil salt, fossil coal, &c., &c.
FRANGULÆ CORTEX. See Cortex
Frangulæ.
FRANGULIN. A peculiar principle,
obtained from the bark of Rhamnus fran-
gula by means of ammoniated water. The
decoction is precipitated by hydrochloric
acid and the precipitate boiled with alco-
hol. The alcoholic solution is then pre-
cipitated with basic acetate of lead, the
precipitate decomposed by sulphhydric
acid, and the frangulin extracted by boil-
ing alcohol.
FRANKINCENSE.
The concrete
juice of Thus Americanum, Pinus tæda,
common frankincense, and other species
of pine. Olibanum constituted the frank-
incense of the ancients.
FRANKINCENSE OF SIERRA LEONE. See
Daniella thurifera.
FRASERA,
FRASERA CAROLINENSIS,
FRASERI WALTERI.
See American Columbo.
FRASERIN. A peculiar, resinous
principle, obtained from the root of Amer-
ican Columbo.
FRAXIN. A peculiar principle of the
FOSSIL SALT. (Rock Salt, Sal Gemmæ.) bark of the Fraxinus excelsior. It has
FRA
FRO
193
been detected also in the bark of the liancy superior to that of any other polish,
horse-chestnut.
with less liability to injury. It is com-
FRAXINEÆ. A family of plants, posed of shellac, gum copal, and gum
including the genus Fraxinus.
FRAXINELLA, WHITE. See Bas-
tard Dittany.
FRAXININ. A crystallizable, bitter
principle obtained from the bark of the
Fraxinus excelsior.
FRAXINUS. A genus of plants of
several species, including the common
ash tree.
FRAXINUS CHINENSIS. The tree which
produces the China wax, which see.
FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR. See Ash, Com-
mon European.
FRAXINUS ORNUS. See Flowering Ash.
FRAXINUS PARVIFLORA. A species of
Fraxinus, from which a variety of manna
is obtained.
FREEZING MIXTURE. A mixture
of salt and snow, or of chemical salts, for
producing intense cold.
FREEZING-POINT. That degree of a
thermometer at which a fluid begins to
freeze, applied particularly to water, whose
freezing-point is at 32° of Fahrenheit's
thermometer, and zero on the
the Centi-
grade.
FRENCH BERRIES. The dried fruit
of Rhamnus infectorius, a species of buck-
thorn.
FRENCH BOLES. See Bole.
FRENCH CEMENT. A cement made by
gradually adding finely-powdered slaked
lime to caoutchouc, perfectly melted over
a fire in a covered iron pot, stirring con-
stantly until the mixture is so thick that,
when removed from the fire, well beaten
in a mortar, and moulded in the hands,
it shall have the consistence of putty. It
answers well for cementing glass.
FRENCH CHALK. A variety of indu-
rated tale. It is used chiefly for marking
cloth and for extracting grease spots.
FRENCH OCHRE. A native, yellow,
argillaceous or calcareous earth, generally
mixed with oxide of iron, and employed
in painting.
FRENCH POLISH. A varnish for furni-
ture invented in France, giving a bril-
arabic, dissolved in alcohol.
FRENCH RHUBARB. (Rhapontic Rhu-
barb, Krimea Rhubarb.) Rhubarb pro-
duced in France, and obtained chiefly
from the Rheum rhaponticum, R. undu-
latum, and R. compactum. It bears con-
siderable resemblance to Chinese rhubarb,
but has a more disagreeable odor and
astringent, mucilaginous taste. It has
been employed to adulterate the finer
kinds.
FRENCH VINEGAR. (Wine Vinegar, Ace-
tum Gallicum.) French vinegar is nearly
| one-sixth stronger than pure malt vinegar.
It is prepared from white or red wine;
the former is considered the best for the
purpose.
FRENCH WHITE. Pulverized talc.
FRÈRE COME'S ARSENICAL
PASTE. A paste used in ulcerated sur-
faces. It is prepared by mixing water
with a powder, consisting of ten grains of
arsenious acid, two scruples of red sul-
phuret of mercury, and ten grains of pow-
dered animal charcoal, friable, easily crum-
bled or pulverized.
FRIAR'S BALSAM. A name for a
simplified form of the compound tincture
of benzoin.
FRICTION. The act of rubbing the
surface of one body against that of another;
attrition, abrasion.
FRICTION POWDER. A composition of
chlorate of potash and antimony which
readily ignites by friction.
FRIT. The material of which glass is
made after it has been calcined or baked
in a furnace, but before fusion. It is a
composition of silex and alkali, occasion-
ally with other ingredients.
FRONDESCENCE. The time at which
each species of plants unfolds its leaves;
the act of bursting into leaf.
FRONTIGNAC. A species of French
See Cistus Cana-
wine.
FROSTWEED, } densis.
FROSTWORT.
13
FRU
FUM
194
FRUCTESCENCE. The time when the northern part of Great Britain, from
a sea-bird, a species of petrel, the Fulmar
glacialis. It is said to possess properties
similar to those of cod-liver oil.
the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity,
and its seeds are dispersed; the fruiting
season.
FRUCTIFICATION. The act of form-
ing or producing fruit.
FRUCTOSE.
A kind of sugar occur-
ring, already formed, in honey and some
fruits. It is a syrup-like liquid, incapable
of crystallization, and changed to grape
sugar by the action of dilute acids.
FRUIT SUGAR. See Chulariose.
FUCHSIN. (Magenta.) A beautiful
purple, resulting from the reaction be-
tween anilin and chloride of tin.
FUCUS. A genus of seaweeds.
FUCUS CRISPUS. See Chondrus.
FUCUS DIGITATUS. A species of fucus
or seaweed containing considerable io-
dine. Sec Bladder - Wrack.
FUCUS HELMINTHOCORTON. (Gigartina
Helminthocorton.) A species of fucus
having some reputation in Europe as an
anthelmintic, and is said to be febrifuge.
FUCUS VESICULOSUS. See Bladder-
Wrack.
FULMINATE. To detonate; to ex-
plode with a violent report; as fulminat-
ing mercury. A compound of fulminic
acid with a base, as fulminate of mer-
cury, silver, gold, &c.: these compounds
detonate or explode by percussion, fric-
tion, or heat.
FUMARATE A salt formed by the
combination of fumaric acid with a base.
FUMARIA. A genus of plants in-
cluding the Fumitory.
FUMARIA OFFICINALIS. (Fumitory.)
A small European plant, growing in this
country, the leaves of which have been
used in diseases of the liver, in scorbutic
affections, and in eruptive diseases.
FUMARIACEÆ. A family of plants,
to which the genus Dicentra belongs.
FUMARIC ACID. A peculiar acid,
identical with fungic acid, obtained from
several species of mushrooms, and com-
posed of 2HO,C,H₂O6·
FULIGOKALI. A preparation formed FUMARIN, The active principle
by boiling, for an hour, twenty parts of
FUMARINA. S of Fumaria officinalis.
caustic potassa and one hundred of shining FUMIGATING PASTILES. Pas-
soot, in powder, in a sufficient quantity tiles prepared for fumigation, from 16 parts
of water. The solution, when cold, is of benzoin, 4 of balsam of tolu, 4 of yellow
diluted, filtered, and evaporated to dry-saunders, 1 of labdanum, 48 of charcoal,
ness. It is used in the same affections as 2 of nitre, 1 of tragacanth, 2 of gum arabic,
the anthrakokali.
and 12 of cinnamon-water, by reducing
FULIGO LIGNI. (Soot.) This well- the solid ingredients to powder, and mix-
known substance has a bitter empyreu-ing the whole into a plastic mass, which
matic and disagreeable taste. It consists is to be formed into cones, flattened at the
of a pyrogenous resin united with acetic base, and dried first in the air and then in
acid, potassa, lime, magnesia, acetate of a stove. They are used to perfume apart-
ammonia, traces of nitric acid and crea- ments.
sote; to the presence of the latter it is
supposed to owe its medicinal virtues as
an antiseptic.
FULLER'S EARTH. A variety of
clay, compact, but friable, unctuous to the
touch, and of various colors, usually with
a shade of green. It is used in scouring
and cleansing cloth, as it imbibes the
grease and oil used in preparing wool.
FULMAR OIL. A name of an oil
obtained on the island of St. Kilda, of
FUMIGATION. The act of applying
smoke to; to expose to smoke or gas.
FUMINELLA. A Brazilian plant,
the flowers of which have been used to
adulterate saffron.
FUMING. There are certain liquids
which, by exposure to the air, fume or
emit a visible smoke. Spirit of salt or
muriatic acid does this. This liquid is a
solution of hydrochloric acid gas in water,
which absorbs it greedily, water at 40° F.
FUM
FUS
195
}
FUMITORY. See Fumaria Officinalis.
FUNGI. (Mushrooms.) An extensive
family of cryptogamous plants, some of
which are largely consumed as food, while
others are poisonous. Those should be
rejected for food which have a narcotic.
or fetid odor, or an acrid bitter taste,
which grow in very moist places, and upon
putrid substances, and which exude a
milky, acrid, and styptic juice.
absorbing 480 times its own bulk of the distils over, and sesquioxide of iron is left
gas.
But water absorbs ammoniacal gas in the form of colcothar or polishing rouge,
still more greedily; for at 32° F. it will called also crocus.
take up 1050 times its volume of the gas,
and yet the solution known as liquor or
aquæ ammoniæ, does not fume on being
exposed to the air. Why is this? It is
said in answer to this question, that if the
alkaline solution be heated, the whole of
the gas can be driven out of the water at
about 160° F.; but on heating the acid
solution, it will part with gas until it has
a density of 1.10 (at 60°), when it will
have a boiling-point of 233° F., and will
distil unchanged. Moreover, the alkaline
solution is lighter than its own bulk of
water; the acid solution is heavier. The
FUNGIC ACID. A peculiar acid ob-
tained from several species of mushrooms.
See Fumaric Acid.
found in ergot, agaric, and several varieties
FUNGIN. A peculiar principle ob-
presence of the ammonia lowers the boil-tained from several species of fungi. It is
ing-point of water; the presence of hy-
drochloric acid gas has a contrary effect.
Hence, the mode of combination between
ammonia and water must be different from
that between hydrochloric acid and water.
The one must be a case of simple adhe-
sion, the other of true chemical combina-
tion as well as adhesion. Ammonia let
out into moist air, simply adheres to the
moisture, and increases its volume.
por of alcohol, ether, &c., does the same.
Now any amount of aqueous vapor that
Va-
of mushrooms.
FUNGOUS. Excrescent, spongy, soft;
growing suddenly but not durable or sub-
stantial.
FUNGUS ROSARUM. See Bedeguar.
FUSAGASUGA BARK. See Bogota
Bark.
FUSCINE. A brownish or dark-col-
ored substance obtained from empyreu-
matic animal oils.
FUSED NITRATE OF SILVER.
See Argenti Nitras Fusa.
FUSEL OIL. (Grain Oil.) See Alco-
hol, Amylic.
the air can maintain in an invisible elastic FUSE. To liquefy by heat; to render
state at a given temperature, it can main-fluid; to dissolve; to melt; to be reduced
tain with increased effect in the case of from a solid to a fluid state by heat.
ammonia vapor, alcohol vapor, &c. Hence,
the combination of these vapors with the
moisture of the air is necessarily an in-
visible compound. Muriatic acid gas, on
the other hand, let out into the air, com-
bines chemically with the moisture, pro-
ducing condensation or diminution in
bulk. Hence the compound is visible, just
as the condensation of pure steam in air
produces visible vapor. Fuming nitric
acid and Nordhausen sulphuric acid are
also cases in point.
FUMING SULPHURIC ACID OF NORD-
HAUSEN. A kind of sulphuric acid
obtained by distilling dried sulphate of
iron in large stoneware retorts, heated
to redness, and connected with receivers
of glass or stoneware. The fuming acid
FUSIBLE. Capable of being melted
or liquefied.
FUSIFORM JALAP. See Convolvulus
Orizabensis.
FUSION. The act or operation of
melting or rendering fluid by heat alone
without the aid of a solvent.
Watery
fusion, is the melting of certain crystals
by heat in their own water of crystalliza-
tion.
FUSTIC. A yellow dyewood obtained
from Morus tinctoria (Broussonetia tincto-
ria), a tree growing in the West Indies.
It is used chiefly for coloring.
GAD
GAL
196
G.
GADIC ACID. An acid obtained from
turbid cod-liver oil, or from the clear oil
by saponification.
GADUIN. A peculiar substance ob-
tained by saponifying cod-liver oil with
soda, and decomposing the soap by ace-
tate of lead, and treating the resulting
lead soap with ether. It is of a dark
brown color, brittle, pulverizable when
dry, without odor or taste, insoluble in
water, soluble to some extent in ether
and alcohol.
GADUS ÆGLIFINUS. (Haddock
Fish.)
GADUS CALLARIAS. (Dorsch, Morrhua
Americana.)
GADUS CARBONARIUS. (Coal Fish.)
GADUS MERLUCCIUS. (Hake Fish.)
GADUS MOLVA. (Sing Fish.)
GADUS POLLACHIUS. (Pollock Fish.)
Varieties of fish which contribute to the
supply of the cod-liver oil of commerce.
GADUS MORRHUA. (Morrhua Vulgaris.)
The common codfish, from the livers of
which cod-liver oil of commerce is ob-
tained.
GAIARETINE. A peculiar principle
obtained by heating guaiacin with diluted
sulphuric acid.
GALACTIC.
milk.
Of or pertaining to
GALACTIN. A milky or waxy sub-
stance, obtained from the juice of the
Galactodendron utile.
GALBANUM OFFICINALE. A title given
to a new genus of umbelliferous plants,
from which it is supposed the gum gal-
banum is obtained.
GALBANUM PLASTER. See Emplas-
trum.
GALEGA OFFICINALIS. (Goat's
Rue.) A perennial European herb, for-
merly used in malignant fevers, worms,
&c., now fallen into neglect. The roots
of Galega Virginiana of this country are
said to be diaphoretic and powerfully an-
thelmintic.
GALEGA TINCTORIA.
is said to afford indigo.
A plant which
GALENA. Native sulphuret of lead;
the principal ore from which the metal
lead is extracted. It is said to contain
minute quantities of silver and gold.
GALIPEA CUSPARIA. See Angus-
tura.
GALIPOT. A white, resinous juice,
which flows from pine or fir trees, and
becomes hardened by spontaneous evapo-
ration. When purified it is Burgundy
pitch.
GALIUM APARINE. See Cleavers.
GALIUM PALUSTRE. A species of Ga-
lium growing in France, used in epilepsy
with advantage.
GALIUM TINCTORIUM. An American
species of Galium, closely allied to the G.
verum.
GALIUM VERUM. See Cheese Rennet.
GALLA. (Nutgalls, Galls.) A mor-
GALACTODENDRON. A genus of bid excrescence upon Quercus infectoria,
plants.
GALACTOMETER.
An instrument
for ascertaining the quality of milk by
indicating its specific gravity; a lactom-
eter.
GALAM GUM. (Hard Gum Galam.)
A name given to the product of two spe-
cies of acacia; the Acacia vereck and the
A. nebued.
GALANGA,
GALANGAL.} See Alpinia Galanga.
GALBANUM. The concrete juice of
an undetermined plant. (See Ferula Fer-
ulago.) It is a gum-resin, and enters into
quite a number of plasters.
caused by the punctures and deposited
ova of certain insects, particularly those
of the genus Cynips. They are powerfully
astringent.
GALLATE. A salt formed by gallic
acid combined with a base.
GALLATE OF QUINIA. A salt obtained
by double decomposition between a hot
solution of sulphate of quinia and gallate
of potassa. It is in crystalline granules
or a white powder, almost insoluble in
water, soluble in alcohol and dilute acids.
GALLATE OF SILVER. A salt formed
by the addition of nitrate of silver to a
concentrated, cold, aqueous solution of
GAL
GAR
197
GALLOTANNIC ACID. (Quercitan-
nic Acid.) A name given to the tannic
acid procured from galls, in order to dis-
tinguish it from other varieties.
gallic acid, or by double decomposition | inches and the ale gallon of 282 inches
between the gallate of an alkali and ni- are still in use.
trate of silver. The solution of the gallate
must contain an excess of gallic acid.
GALL-BLADDER. A small, mem-
branous sac, shaped like a pear, seated on
the under side of the liver, and containing
gall.
GALL-FLY. See Cynips.
GALL-NUT. See Galla
GALLEY. An oblong, reverberatory
furnace, with a row of retorts, whose
necks protrude through lateral openings.
GALLIC. Belonging to galls or oak-
apples; derived from galls.
GALLIC ACID. See Acid, Gallic.
GALLIC ACID FERMENTATION. A term
applied to a principle contained in galls,
capable of fermenting and of converting
tannic into gallic acid.
GALLINE. (Pyrogallic Acid, Pyro-
galline.) An acid resulting from the
igneous decomposition of gallic acid, and
may be obtained by submitting extract of
galls to the same treatment as that used
for preparing benzoic acid from benzoin.
GALLIPOLI OIL. An inferior kind
of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in
the kingdom of Naples.
GALLIPOT. A glazed earthen pot of
different sizes used to contain and preserve
medicine.
GALLITANNIC ACID. A variety
GALLS. See Galla.
GALLS, CHINESE. See Chinese Galls.
GALLUS BANKIVA. (Gallus Do-
mesticus, Phasianus Gallus.) The common
dunghill fowl.
GALVANISM. Electricity developed
by chemical action between different sub-
stances without the aid of friction, as by
connecting dissimilar metals, as copper
and zinc, with an intervening oxidizing
fluid; called also current electricity, gal-
vanic electricity, voltaic electricity, and
dynamic electricity. The electricity thus
produced is of the same nature as that
given by the common machine, the only
difference being that the mode of produc-
ing galvanism is continuous.
GALVANIZED IRON. Iron covered
with zinc.
GALVANO-CAUSTIC. Relating to
the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, espe-
cially in medicine.
}
GAMBEER, An astringent extract,
GAMBIR. prepared from a species
of pale catechu called Nauclea gambir or
Uncaria gambir.
GAMBOGE. (Gambogia.) The con-
of tannic acid discovered in Galium apar-crete juice of an undetermined tree.
ine or Goose-grass.
GALLON. A measure of capacity for
liquids, containing four quarts. The
standard gallon of the United States con-
tains 231 cubic inches, or 58,372.1754
grains, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of
distilled water at its maximum density,
and with the barometer at 30 inches.
This is almost exactly equivalent to a
cylinder of 7 inches in diameter and 6
inches in height, and is the same as the
old English wine gallon. The beer gallon
contains 282 inches. The English imperial
gallon contains ten pounds avoirdupois of
distilled water at 62° Fahrenheit, and ba-
rometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274
cubic inches. The old wine gallon of 231
It
is a powerful drastic hydragogue cathar-
tic. See Cambogia.
GAMBOGIA. See Gamboge.
GAMBOGIC ACID. A name ap-
plied to the resinous principle of gamboge,
on account of its neutralizing properties.
It is composed of C40H18O21·
GARANCINE. An extract of madder
by means of sulphuric acid.
GARBLING OF DRUGS. The separa-
tion of drugs from all foreign substances
and adulterations.
GARCINIA CAMBOGIA. A tree of
Ceylon, once supposed to be the source of
gamboge.
GARCINIA ELLIPTICA. A species of
GAR
GAU
198
Garcinia differing but slightly from Gar-fying many of the supposed gases, the
cinia morella.
GARCINIA MORELLA. (Garcinia Pedi-
cillata.) The plant recognized by the
British Pharmacopoeia as the source of
gamboge.
term has resumed nearly its original sig-
nification, and is applied to any substance
when in the elastic or aeriform state.
GAS LIQUOR. The ammoniacal liquor
found in the condensing vessels of coal-
GARCINIA PEDICILLATA. See Garcinia gas works, from which large quantities of
Morella.
GARDEN ENDIVE. See Chicory.
GARDEN PURSLANE. (Portulaca Olera-
cea.) An annual succulent plant growing
in Europe and this country. It is said to
be a cooling diuretic, and is used in scurvy
and affections of the urinary passages.
They have been used as greens boiled with
meat.
GARDENIA CAMPANULATA. A
tree growing in India, the fruit of which
is used by the natives as a cathartic and
anthelmintic.
GARDENIA GRANDIFLORA. A Chinese
tree, the fruit of which is used in dyeing
the yellow robes of the mandarins. It
contains a coloring substance identical
with that of saffron, called Crocin, which,
by treatment with muriatic acid, yields
another coloring substance called Crocetin,
which is a true dyestuff.
GARGARISM. A gargle.
GARGLE. To wash or rinse the mouth
or throat, preventing the liquid from
being swallowed by an expulsion of air
against it.
GARLIC. A plant of the genus Allium
—Allium sativum-having a bulbous root,
a very strong smell, and an acrid pungent
taste. It is a general stimulant.
GARLIC, ESSENTIAL OIL OF.
A very
volatile oil obtained from garlic, upon
which its peculiar taste and smell de-
pend.
muriate of ammonia are obtained.
GASOGENE. A French apparatus for
the preparation of carbonic acid water,
suitable for pharmacists, who do not desire
to dispense it as a beverage, but need to
keep it on hand for prescription purposes.
GASOSCOPE. An instrument em-
ployed for the purpose of detecting bicar-
buretted hydrogen gas in any place.
GASTRIC JUICE. A liquid secretion
of the mucous membrane of the stomach,
whereby nitrogenous food is rendered
soluble and capable of being absorbed, and
other changes are effected essential to
healthful digestion. The gastric juice of
the inferior animals as a remedy has been
used in the form of the liquid taken fresh
from the stomach in the form of rennet or
an infusion of the dried stomach, and in
the form of pepsin, the distinct organic
principle of the gastric juice.
GASTROLOBIUM BILOBIUM. A
shrub, growing on meadows in Western
Australia, supposed to be poisonous to
cattle feeding on it. Fraas examined the
leaves, but was unable to discover a poison-
ous principle.
GATHAGIN. A peculiar principle,
identical with saponin, obtained from Ag-
rostemma githago.
GAUCINA. See Glaucina.
GAULTHERIA. (Partridge - Berry,
Deerberry, Teaberry, Winter-Green, Moun-
tain Tea.) The leaves of Gaultheria pro-
evergreen plant, the leaves of which have
the usual stimulant operation of the aro-
matics united with astringency.
GARRYACEÆ. An order of plants cumbens, a small, indigenous, shrubby,
of which the Garrya is a genus.
GAS. An aeriform fluid; a term used
at first by chemists as synonymous with
air, but since restricted to fluids supposed
to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hy-
drogen, &c., &c., in distinction from va-
pors, as steam, which become liquid on a
reduction of temperature. In present
usage, since Faraday succeeded in lique-
GAULTHERIA HISPIDULA. A species
of Gaultheria having properties allied to
the Gaultheria procumbens.
GAULTHERIA PROCUMBENS. See Gaul-
theria.
GAULTHERILEN. A peculiar car-
GAU
GEN
199
bohydrogen contained in the oil of winter- of seaweed, from which Japan isinglass is
obtained.
green.
GAULTHERIN. A neuter principle,
analogous to amygdalin, contained in the
bark of the Betula lenta.
GAYACOL. (Hydruret of Gayacyl,
Pyrogayic Acid.) A volatile oil obtained
by the destructive distillation of guaiac.
It is heavier than water.
GAYACYL HYDRURET. A name
given to gayacol, from its resemblance to
creasote.
GAY FEATHER. (Liatris Spicata,
Button Snakeroot.) An indigenous peren-
nial plant, growing in this country, the
root of which has the odor of turpentine,
a similar taste, and is used to cure the bite
of snakes.
GAYOL. A volatile oil, obtained by
the destructive distillation of guaiac,
having an odor similar to the oil of bitter
almonds.
GEADIC ACID. An acid composed
of C2H3004, obtained by the decomposi-
tion of the oil of Arachis hypogee and the
liquid fat of the Cetacea.
GEIN. An organic matter often con-
tained in common waters, called also
humus, humine, ulmine, &c.
GELOSE. A peculiar principle resem-
bling gelatin, though chemically different,
obtained from Japan isinglass.
GELSEMINIA. (Gelsemin.) A pe-
culiar alkaloid obtained from the root of
the Gelseminum sempervirens
GELSEMINUM NITIDUM,
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS,
GELSEMIUM,
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS.
See Bignonia Sempervirens.
GENERA, 1 Pertaining to a genus
GENERIC. or kind.
GENISTA TINCTORIA. (Dyer's
Broom, Dyer's Weed, Green Weed.) A low
shrub, growing in Europe and this country,
the flowering tops of which are used to dye
yellow, and have with the seeds been used
in medicine as a purgative and emetic.
GENTIAN. (Gentiana.) The root of
Gentiana lutea or Yellow gentian, and
other species. It is a splendid tonic.
GENTIAN, BLUE. See Gentiana Cates-
bæi.
GENTIAN MIXTURE. (Misturæ Genti-
anæ, Infusum Gentiance Compositum.)
Macerate two drachms of sliced gentian
root and thirty grains each of bruised
coriander and orange-peel, cut small, in
two ounces of proof spirit for two hours;
then add eight ounces of water; macerate
GELATIN. An animal substance found
in the skin, the cellular membranes and
membranes generally, whose distinguish-
ing character is that of dissolving in hot
water, and forming a jelly on cooling.
When pure, it is colorless, transparent, and again for two hours, and strain through
insipid. It has been used as an article of
diet, but is now regarded as destitute of
nutritious qualities. Its purest form is
isinglass, made from the air-bladder of
fishes; glue and size are impure forms of it.
GELATIN CAPSULES. See Capsules.
GELATINIZED CHLOROFORM.
Chloroform agitated in the cold with an
equal weight of the white of an egg. A
convenient mode of applying it to the
skin by friction.
GELATINIZED ETHER. A preparation
formed in the same manner as gelatinized
chloroform, using four parts of ether to
one part of the white of an egg.
GELIDIUM CORNEUM. A species
calico.
GENTIANA,
See Gen-
GENTIANA LUTEA. I tian.
}
GENTIANA CATESBEI. (Blue Gentian.)
A species of Gentiana growing in North
and South Carolina, closely allied to the
G: lutea and G. saponaria, to which it is
little inferior.
GENTIANA CHIRAYTA. See Agathotes
Chirayta.
GENTIANA MACROPHYLLA,
GENTIANA PANNONICA,
GENTIANA PUNCTATA,
GENTIANA PURPUREA,
Species
of Genti-
ana pos-
sessing
GENTIANA QUINQUEFLORA, virtues
GENTIANA SAPONARIA.
analo-
GEN
GIG
200
gous to those of the G. lutea, and used | phritic complaints, hemorrhages, con-
sumption, fevers, &c., &c.
for similar purposes.
GENTIANACEÆ. A family of plants,
which includes among its members the
genera Ophelia, Erythrœa, Sabbatia, and
Menyanthes.
GENTIANIN. (Gentiopicrin.) The
crystallizable bitter principle of Gentian.
It is soluble in water and alcohol, but not
in ether, neutral, and ranks with the glu-
cosides.
GENTIOGENIN. An amorphous sub-
stance resulting from the action of acids
on Gentianin.
GENTIOPICRIN.
See Gentianin.
A
GENTISIC ACID. (Gentisin.)
name given to a crystallizable substance,
at one time supposed to be the active
principle of gentian. It is composed of
C29H10010
GENTISIN. See Gentisic Acid.
GENUS. An assemblage of species pos-
sessing certain characters in common, by
which they are distinguished from all
others; a family. A single species, having
distinctive characters that seem of more
than specific value, may constitute a
genus.
GEOCRONITE. A lead-gray or gray-
ish-blue mineral, composed of sulphur,
antimony, and lead, with a small propor-
tion of arsenic.
GERANIUM, ROSE. (Pelargonium Odor-
atissimum) A well-known plant, much
used for its odor. It is a native of the
Cape of Good Hope, but grows in France
and Turkey. Its perfume depends on its
volatile oil, which is much used to adul-
terate oil of roses.
GERHARD'S TONIC TEA. Take of
gentian, half a troy ounce; rhubarb, one
drachm; ginger, two drachms. Bruise
them thoroughly; mix them, and add bi-
carbonate of soda, one drachm. Infuse
in a pint of boiling water, and give a
wineglassful three times a day.
GERMAN CHAMOMILE. See Cham-
omile.
GERMAN PASTE. A food for cage
birds, made of pea meal, hemp-seed, raw
meat, lard, and honey or molasses.
GERMANDER. See Chamædrys.
GETTYSBURG MINERAL
SPRING. A spring situated near Get-
tysburg, Pennsylvania. A gallon of its
water contains bicarbonate of soda and
bicarbonate of lithia, jointly, 46.05
grains; bicarbonate of potassa, a trace;
76.05 grains bicarbonate of magnesia;
81.00 grains bicarbonate of lime; a trace
of bicarbonate of iron; 53.20 grains sul-
phate of lime; 10.00 grains of silica, and
GEOFFROYA INERMIS. See An- traces of chlorides and phosphates.
dira Inermis.
GEOFFROYA SURINAMENSIS.
dira Retusa.
See An-
GERANIACEÆ. An order of plants,
of which the genera Geranium, Erodium,
and Pelargonium are members.
GERANIIN,} A principle obtained
·
from the root of Geran-
GEUM,
GEUM RIVALE,
GEUM URBANUM.
GHEE.
See Avens,
Water.
Butter clarified by boiling,
and thus converted into an oil.
GHEIIVE or GEVE OPIUM. An
opium occurring in the form of small,
flat cakes with rounded edges, weighing
from two to three ounces, and wrapped in
ium maculatum by evaporating an aque-poppy-leaves, with the smooth surface on
ous decoction of the root to dryness.
GERANIUM,
GERANIUM MACULATUM.}
See Cranesbill.
GERANIUM ROBERTIANUM. (Herb Rob-
ert.) A species of Geranium growing
wild in Europe and this country. It has
been used in sore throat, jaundice, ne-
the outside and the midrib in the centre,
thus dividing the cakes into two portions.
It is collected from red flowering poppies,
and may be regarded as the finest opium.
GIGARTINA HELMINTHOCOR-
TON. See Fucus Helminthocorton.
GIGARTINA LICHENOIDES. See Ceylon
Moss.
GIL
GLO
201
GILLENIA. (American Ipecacuanha,
Indian Physic.) A genus of plants, in-
cluding two species of G. trifoliata and
G. stipulacea; herbaceous and perennial
plants growing in this country, the roots
of which are emetic and tonic, and has
been used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.
GILLENIA STIPULACEA, See Gille-
GILLENIA TRIFOLIATA.
GILLENIN. The active property of operation, is but seldom used.
brane in horses, characterized by a constant
discharge from the nose.
GLASS. A substance or mixture,
earthy, saline, or metallic, brought by
fusion to the state of a hard, brittle, trans-
parent mass, whose fracture is conchoidal.
Gillenia.
nia.
rye
GLASS OF ANTIMONY. (Vitrum Anti-
monii.) An active antimonial, but, owing
to its variable composition and unequal
It is pre-
pared from the tersulphuret of antimony
by a partial roasting and subsequent
fusion.
GIN. A distilled spirit or alcoholic
liquor, manufactured in Holland from
and barley, and flavored with juniper
GLASS OF BORAX. A transparent, solid
berries and sometimes with hops.
mass, resulting from heating borax above
GINGER. The rhizoma of Zingiber a red heat, or until it melts into a limpid
officinale or Amomum zingiber, a Hindos-liquid, and afterwards cooling it. It is
tan plant, cultivated in the West Indies much used as a flux in assays with the
and in Africa. It is a well-known stim- blowpipe.
ulant carminative.
GINGER SYRUP. (Syrupus Zingiberis.)
Evaporate six fluid ounces of tincture of
ginger to three, with a gentle heat; then
rub it first with a half ounce of carbonate
of magnesia, and then with two ounces of
sugar, and afterwards with four pints of
water, gradually added; then filter. To
the filtered liquor add one hundred and
six ounces of sugar, dissolve with gentle
heat, and strain.
GINSENG. (Panax.) The root of Pa-
nax quinquefolium, an indigenous plant,
growing in this country. It is little more
than a demulcent.
GIRASOL. The heliotrope plant.
GITHAGIN. A peculiar principle,
allied to saponin, obtained from Agros-
temma Githago.
GLACIAL. Having a glassy appear-
ance, as crystals, as water acidulated by
glacial acetic acid.
GLACIAL ACETIC ACID. (Radical Vin-
egar.) See Acetic Acid, Glacial.
GLASS OF LEAD. A preparation formed
by a process similar to that for glass of
antimony.
GLAUBER'S SALT. (Sulphate of
Soda, Vitriolated Soda.) A salt existing
extensively in nature, and artificially
prepared by decomposing common salt by
sulphuric acid in the manufacture of car-
bonate of soda. It is cathartic and diu-
retic.
GLAUCINA. (Gaucina.) An alkaloid
obtained from the Glaucium luteum.
GLAUCIUM. A genus of glaucous
evergreen plants, the juice of which is
acrid and said to be poisonous; horn
poppy.
GLECHOMA HEDERACEA. (Nep-
eta Glechoma, Ground Ivy) A small
perennial herb, growing in Europe and
this country. It is said to be gently stim-
ulant and tonic, with a peculiar direction
to the kidneys and lungs.
GLIADIN. That portion of gluten
soluble in boiling alcohol and precipitated
GLACIAL PHOSPHORIC ACID. See Acid, by water. It causes the formation of
Glacial Phosphoric.
GLAIRINE. A glassy substance which
forms on the surface of some thermal
waters.
GLANDERS. A contagious and very
destructive disease of the mucous mem-
dough on kneading flour with water.
GLOBULAR. Spherical or nearly so.
GLOBULARIA ALYPUM. (Globu-
laria Turbith, Wild Senna of Europe.)
A small European shrub, the leaves of
which are a mild and efficient cathartic,
GLO
GLY
202
without the griping properties of senna. mustard, eighty drops. Mixed by the aid
It resembles rhubarb in tonic power.
GLOBULE. A small particle of mat-
ter, of a spherical form. Small pills are
sometimes called globules.
GLOBULIN.
of heat.
GLYCELEUM. A basis for oint-
ments, prepared by triturating together
half an ounce oil of almond meal, one
A substance closely ounce glycerin, and three ounces olive oil.
GLYCERATES. (Glyceroles, Glycer-
ines, Glycerata.) Solutions of medicinal
substances in glycerin.
allied to albumen.
GLONOIN. See Nitroglycerin.
GLU. A proximate principle identical
with that which exudes from certain
plants; it is contained in birdlime.
GLUCIC ACID. A colorless and very
soluble acid, generated by the boiling of
cane sugar for a long time with watery
solutions of potassa, lime, or baryta, until
the liquor becomes brown.
GLUCIN, The only oxide of the
GLUCINA. Í metal glucinum; a white
powder, without taste or odor, and insol-
uble in water. Its salts have a sweet
taste, and hence its name.
}
GLUCINIUM, A metal which ap-
GLUCINUM. pears in the form of
a grayish-black powder, and acquires a
dark metallic lustre by burnishing. It
occurs in nature only in combination with
silicic acid, as in the emerald, the beryl,
and a few other minerals, and is also
called beryllium.
GLYCERATE OF ALOES. (Glycerole of
Aloes.) Macerate half an ounce of aloes
in four ounces of alcohol until dissolved,
filter through paper, evaporate to the
consistence of molasses, and while still
warm add enough glycerin to make four
ounces. An external remedy in eczema.
GLYCERATE OF BORAX. (Glyceratum
Boracis, Glycerin of Borax, Glycerinum
Boracis.) A splendid application to in-
fantile sore mouths, prepared by dissolving
one ounce of powdered borax in four
ounces of glycerin.
GLYCERATE OF CARBOLIC ACID. (Gly-
ceratum Acidi Carbolici, Glycerin of Car-
bolic Acid, Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici.)
Dissolve one ounce of carbolic acid in four
ounces of glycerin.
GLYCERATE OF GALLIC ACID. (Glyce-
ratum Acidi Gallici, Glycerinum Acidi
Gallici, Glycerin of Gallic Acid.) Rub
together in a mortar one ounce of gallic
acid and four ounces of glycerin; then
transfer the mixture to a porcelain dish,
and apply a gentle heat until the acid is
completely dissolved.
GLUCOSE. (Grape Sugar, Starch
Sugar.) A sugar less soluble and less
sweet than cane sugar, occurring in the
juice of many fruits, but best obtained
from dried grapes, honey, and starch. It
also occurs in the urine of those affected
with diabetes.
GLYCERATE OF IODIDE OF IRON. (Gly-
GLUCOSIDES. Substances which con- ceratum Ferri Iodidi.) Mix together 35
tain glucose
grains of iodine, 70 of powdered iron, and
400 of glycerin.
GLUTEN. (Vegetable Fibrin.) A pale
yellow, adhesive, elastic substance, insolu-
ble in water, nearly so in ether, and in both
the fixed and volatile oils. It is dissolved
in alcohol more readily when the latter is
hot. It exists in most farinaceous grains,
and in the seeds of some leguminous plants.
It is the property which gives adhesive-
ness to dough.
GLYCERATE OF STARCH. (Glyceratum
Amyli, Glycerin of Starch, Glycerinum
Amyli.) Rub together one ounce of starch
and eight ounces of glycerin until they
are intimately mixed, then transfer the
mixture to a porcelain dish, and apply a
heat gradually raised to 240°, stirring it
constantly until the starch particles are
completely broken and a translucent jelly
is formed.
GLYCAMYL SINAPIS. A prepara-
tion designed as an extemporaneous sin-
apism, composed of glycerin, thirteen GLYCERATE OF TANNIC ACID. (Gly-
drachms; starch, two drachms; oil of ceratum Acidi Tannici, Glycerin of Tannic
GLY
GNA
203
Acid.) Rub together one ounce of tannic
acid and four ounces of glycerin, then ap-
ply a gentle heat until a complete solution
is effected.
GLYCERATE OF TAR. (Glyceratum
Picis Liquido, Glycerin of Tar.) Mix
together two ounces of alcohol, four of
glycerin, and ten of water. Rub an ounce
of strained tar, first with three ounces of
carbonate of magnesia gradually added,
then for fifteen or twenty minutes with
six ounces of the liquid mixture, adding
a small portion at a time, then strain with
strong expression. This process of tritu-
ration is repeated twice with the residue
and additional portions of the mixed liq-
uids, after which the residuary matter
is subjected to percolation with the ex-
pressed liquids previously mixed, the per-
colation being completed with water.
The amount of the percolate is a pint.
GLYCERATED TAR. Mix two
drachms of powdered starch with six
ounces of glycerin previously warmed,
then add six ounces of tar, heat quickly
to 2120, strain if necessary, and stir the
mixture while cooling.
GLYCION. (Glycyrrhizin.) A pecu-
liar transparent yellow substance, of a
sweet taste, obtained from licorice root.
GLYCOCHOLIC ACID. See Cholic
Acid.
GLYCOCOLL, (Sugar of Gelatin.)
GLYCOCINE. SA nitrogenous basic
complex substance resulting from the de-
composition of glycocholic acid. It is
also called Glycina.
GLYCOL. An inodorous, sweetish
liquid, soluble in water and in alcohol,
and unaltered in air. It is the type of a
class of compounds, intermediate in their
chemical relations between glycerin and
alcohol, or the bodies of which these are
types; whence the name.
GLYCOLIC ACID. An acid com-
posed of oxygen and acetic acid.
GLYCOLIGNOSE. The ligneous por-
tion of the wood of Pinus abies, purified
by boiling in dilute acetic acid and sub-
sequent treatment with hot water, alcohol,
and ether. Its composition corresponds
to the formula CH3O21; it is insoluble
in all ordinary solvents.
GLYCONINE. A term applied to an
GLYCERIDES. A term applied to emulsion made of glycerin and the yolk
of eggs. It may be preserved almost in-
definitely.
oils having glycerin for their base.
GLYCERIN. (Glycerina, Glycerinum.)
A sweet viscid liquid, the sweet principle
of oils, formed during the saponification
of fatty substances, consisting of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. It is employed
for many purposes, and said to be an al-
terative, nutrient, and demulcent; exter-
nally an emollient.
GLYCERIN OINTMENT. Melt together
half an ounce of spermaceti, a drachm of
white wax, and two ounces of oil of alm-
onds, by a moderate heat, then pour the
liquid into a wedgewood mortar and add |
an ounce of glycerin, and rub until the
ingredients are thoroughly mixed and
cool.
GLYCERIZED COLLODIUM. See
Collodion, Glycerized.
GLYCYRRETIN. A product formed
by the action of acids on glycyrrhizin.
GLYCYRRHIZA. (Licorice Root.)
The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, a plant,
native of the south of Europe, Barbary,
Syria, and Persia, and is cultivated in
England, the north of France, and Ger-
many. It is a demulcent.
GLYCYRRHIZA ECHINATA. A superior
species of licorice growing in Calabria.
GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA. See Glycyr-
rhiza.
GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIDOTA. A species
of licorice growing in Missouri.
GLYCYRRHIZIN. See Glycion.
GNAPHALIUM MARGARITA-
CEUM. See Cudweed.
GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM. (Sweet-
GLYCERYL. A hypothetical radical,
one equivalent of which, with five of oxy-scented Life Everlasting.) An indigenous
gen and one of water, constitutes glycerin. perennial, sometimes used as a tea in local
GLYCINA. See Glycocoll.
affections.
GNE
GRA
204
!
GNETACEÆ. A family of plants to MENT. (Vesicating Ammoniacal Oint-
which the genus Ephedra belongs.
ment.) Melt together, by the gentle heat
of a candle or lamp, thirty-two parts of
lard and two parts of oil of sweet almonds,
GOAT'S RUE. See Galega Officinalis.
GODFREY'S CORDIAL. Laudanum,
one pint and a half; molasses, sixteen and pour the melted liquid into a wide-
pints; alcohol, two pints; water, twenty-mouthed bottle. Then add seventeen parts
six pints; carbonate of potassa, two ounces of solution of ammonia of 25°, and mix
and a half; oil of sassafras, one-half ounce. with continued agitation until the whole
Dissolve the potassa in the water, add the is cold. It vesicates in ten minutes.
molasses and heat over a gentle fire till GOOSE-GRASS. See Cleavers.
they simmer, skim it, and add the other GOSSY PII RADIX. See Cotton Root.
ingredients.
GOSSY PIUM. See Cotton.
GOEMINE. A term applied to a sub-
stance obtained by boiling Irish moss for
several hours in distilled water, precipi-
tating the mucilaginous liquid by alcohol,
redissolving the precipitate, and evaporat-
ing.
GOSSYPIUM ALBUM. A species of Gos-
sypium which is said to produce the long-
staple or sea-island cotton.
GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE. A species of
Gossypium which, it is said, furnishes all
the cotton of North America.
GOLDEN ROD. (Solidago, Sweet-scent- GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM. A biennial
ed Golden Rod.) The leaves of Solidago or triennial plant, native of Asia, but
odora, a plant growing in this country. cultivated in most tropical countries. It
They are said to be carminative, diaphor- is said to furnish the variety known as
etic, aromatic, and moderately stimulant. India cotton. Its roots are emmena-
GOLDEN SULPHURET OF AN-
gogue.
TIMONY. See Antimonii Sulphuretum
Aureum.
GOLDTHREAD. See Coptis.
GOLLINDRINERA. A Mexican
GOSSYPIUM NIGRUM. A species of
Gossypium which furnishes a variety of
cotton known as the short-staple or upland.
GOSSYPIUM PERUVIANUM. A species
name for a species of Euphorbia. See of Gossypium which produces all the cot-
Euphorbia prostrata.
The French
GOMBO. See Bendee.
GOMME D'ACAJOU.
name for the gum which exudes from the
bark of the Cashew-nut tree.
GOMME DE CHAGUAL. A handsome
transparent gum of Chilian pharmacy,
derived from various species of Puya. In
the species P. coarctata the stem is
popu-
larly called chagual or maguey, the leaves
cardon, and the flowers puya. It differs
from gum arabic by not giving a precipi-
tate with silicate of potassa, in forming a
precipitate with sugar of lead, and in not
being thickened by solution of borax.
GOMME DU PAYS. The French name
for the gums which exude from the cherry,
apricot, peach, and plum trees.
GONAKIE GUM. A name applied
to the gum derived from the Acacia Adan-
sonii.
GONDRET'S VESICATING OINT-
ton of Brazil, Peru, and other parts of
South America.
GOULARD'S CERATE. See Cerate
of Subacetate of Lead.
GOULARD'S EXTRACT. See Lead, Solu-
tion of Subacetate.
GOURD SEEDS. See Cucurbita La-
genaria.
GRAIN OIL. See Alcohol, Amylic.
GRAIN TIN. The purest kind of tin of
commerce.
GRAINS OF PARADISE. See Amo-
mum Grana Paradisi.
The French unit of
GRAMME. weight, equivalent to the
weight of one cubic centimetre of pure
water at its maximum density; that is, at
a temperature of 39.2° Fahrenheit, in a
vacuum, in Paris. It is equal to 15.433
grains troy or avoirdupois.
GRAMME.} to
GRAMINACEÆ. A family of grassy
GRA
GRI
205
plants, to which the genera Secale, Sac-
charum, Triticum, and Sorghum belong.
GRANA MOLUCCA,} Croton seeds.
GRANA TIGLIA.
GRANA MOSCHATA. (Semen Abelmos-
chi.) See Alceæ Ægyptiacæ.
GRANATACEÆ, The family of
GRANATEÆ. Pomegranates.
GRANATI FRUCTUS CORTEX.
(Pomegranate Rind.) The rind of the
fruit of Punica granatum. It is astringent.
GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX. (Bark of
Pomegranate Root.) The bark of the root
of Punica granatum, a small shrubby tree,
growing in all civilized countries where
the climate is warm. It is considered an
excellent anthelmintic.
GRASS OIL. An essential oil, ob-
tained from certain scented grasses in
India.
GRASS-TREE GUM. An Australian
product, said to be obtained by exudation
from different species of Xanthorrhoea,
especially X. hastilis. It is of a resin-
ous character, and has an odor like balsam
of tolu. It was formerly used in diarrhœa.
GRATIOLACRIN,
GRATIOLIN,
GRATIOSOLIN.
Chemical con-
stituents of Gra-
tiola officinalis,
each of which is peculiar, and contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
GRATIOLA OFFICINALIS. (Hedge
Hyssop.) A perennial herb of the south
of Europe. It is a drastic cathartic and
GRANULAR. Consisting of or resem- emetic, and also a diuretic.
bling grains, as a granular salt.
GRANULATE. To form into grains.
Consisting of or
GRANULATED.
resembling grains.
GRAVEL ROOT. See Eupatorium
Purpureum.
GRAVIMETER. An instrument for
ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.
either solid or liquid.
GRANULATED POWDERS. Powders
converted into minute granules, such as
those of which salt of tartar consists, for
the purpose of obviating changes from
atmospheric influence by diminishing their
surface of exposure.
GRANULATED SULPHATE OF IRON. See ferrocyanide of potassium.
Ferri Sulphas Granulata.
GRAVITY. See Specific Gravity.
GRAY POWDER. See Hydrargyrum
cum Creta.
GRANULATED ZINC. (Zincum Granu-
latum.) Fuse one pound of commercial
zinc in an earthen crucible, heat to a
sufficient degree in a suitable fire, and
pour the fluid metal in a thin stream into
a vessel containing two gallons of cold
water; remove the zinc, and dry.
GRANULES. Minute pills, scarcely
larger than a pin's head. Used for the
administration of very powerful medi-
cines.
GRAPE SUGAR. See Glucose.
GRAPHITE. Carbon in one of its
conditions, distinguished by its usually
crystallizing in foliated six-sided prisms,
though often massive, by its softness, its
metallic lustre, and by its leaving a dark
lead-colored trace on paper. It sometimes
contains iron, but this is not essential. It
is used for pencils, and is often plumbago
or black lead.
GREAVES. The refuse of tallow-
chandlers. Used in the manufacture of
GREEN BROOM. See Genista Tinc-
toria.
GREEN HELLEBORE ROOT. (Veratri
Viridis Radix.)
GREEN IODIDE OF MERCURY. See
Hydrargyri Iodidum.
GREEN VITRIOL. See Ferri Sulphas.
GREEN WEED. See Genista Tinctoria.
GREENHEART. A name applied to
the wood of the Nectandra tree, which is
used for shipbuilding.
GRIFFES DE GIROFLES. A French
name for the peduncles of the flowers of
the clove tree.
GRIFFITH'S
ANTIHECTIC
See Compound
MYRRH MIXTURE.
Mixture of Iron.
GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA. ACal-
ifornia plant, said to be an antidote to the
poison of the Rhus diversiloba. It is
applied to the part, either simply bruised
or in the form of strong decoction.
C
GRI
GUA
206
GRINDELIA ROBUSTA. A species of
Grindelia growing in California, said to
be an extraordinary remedy in asthma.
GROATS. Oats deprived of their husks.
GROMWELL. (Lithospermum Officin-
ale, Milium Solis.) A European plant
now considered inert. It was formerly
valued as a diuretic.
GROSSULACEÆ. A family of plants
of which the genus Ribes is a member.
GROUND IVY. See Glechoma He-
deracea.
ing.
Triturate half an ounce of powdered
guaiac resin with same amount of sugar,
and two drachms of gum arabic, and
gradually add one pint of cinnamon-
water.
GUAIACI LIGNUM. (Guaiacum
Wood.) The wood of Guaiacum officinale
and other species. It is a stimulant dia-
phoretic.
GUAIACI RESINA. See Guaiac.
GUAIACIC ACID. (Acide Gaya-
cique.) A peculiar volatilizable acid, ob-
GROUND LAUREL. See Arbutus, Trail- tained from the extract of guaiac wood
by treating it with ether, evaporating,
and subliming the mixture. It is com-
posed of C₁₂H8O6·
GROUND NUTS. See Arachis Hypogœa.
GROUND PINE. See Ajuga Chamæpitys.
GROUNDSEL, COMMON. See Senecio
Vulgaris.
12
6'
GUAIACIN. A name given to the
pure resinoid principle of guaiac, obtained
GRUEL. A light liquid food made by by forming a soap with potassa, dissolving
boiling meal in water.
GRUEL, OATMEAL. A preparation
formed by boiling an ounce of oatmeal
with three pints of water to a quart,
straining the decoction, allowing it to
stand till it cools, and then pouring off the
clear liquor from the sediment; sugar and
lemon-juice added to taste.
GRUFFS. The useless residue which
remains after the pulverization and sifting
of roots and herbs.
GRUME. A thick, viscid consistence.
of a fluid.
GUACO. A name given in Central
and South America, and the West Indies,
to various plants having supposed alexi-
pharmic properties, and belonging to the
genera Mikania and Aristolochia. It is
to the different species of the former
genus that the name properly belongs,
particularly to Mikania guaco, a native of
intertropical America, the leaves of which
are said to be an antidote to the poison of
serpents.
GUAIAC. (Guaiaci Resina) The con-
crete juice of Guaiacum officinale, a large
tree, growing in the West Indies, all parts
of which possess medicinal properties.
The wood and resin or gum are the only
parts used. The latter is stimulant, altèr-
ative, purgative, emmenagogue, &c., &c.
GUAIAC MIXTURE. (Mistura Guaiaci.)
it in hot solution of potassa, precipitating
with muriatic acid, washing the precipi-
tated resin, and then dissolving it in alco-
hol, which yields it crystallized by spon-
taneous evaporation. It is converted into
oxalic acid by the action of nitric acid.
GUAIACUM ARBOREUM, Spe-
GUAIACUM SANCTUM. cies of
Guaiacum which contribute to furnish
the gum and wood of commerce.
GUAIACUM OFFICINALE. See Guaiac.
GUAIACUM WOOD. See Guaiaci Lig-
num.
GUANIN. A peculiar substance, an-
alogous to uric (Xanthic) oxide, obtained
from guano or bird manure.
GUANO. (Bird Manure.) A valuable
manure, consisting of the decomposed ex-
crement of countless aquatic birds, which
has accumulated for ages on certain barren
and uninhabited isles of the western coast
of South America.
GUARANA. (Paullinia.) A new
medicine, introduced into Europe from
Brazil, said to contain a principle identi-
cal with caffein. It is prepared from the
seeds of the Paullinia sorbilis, a climbing
shrub, also Paullinia cupana, another
species growing on the banks of the
Orinoco River. It exerts an influence
similar to tea and coffee.
GUARANIN. A crystallizable prin-
GUA
GUT
207
linia sorbilis.
ciple obtained from the seeds of the Paul- Bassora gum, said to possess emetic prop-
erties. By some it is said to be the prod-
uct of Rhus metopium, and by others to
be derived from Moronobia coccinea by
wounding the bark.
GUATEMALA SARSAPARILLA.
(Smilax Papyracea.) A species of sarsapa-
rilla collected in the province of Sacata-
peques. It is one of the most efficient
varieties.
GUAYAQUIL YELLOW BARK.
A variety of Peruvian bark, occurring in
very long rolls, of a color like that of the
Chinese cinnamon. It is scarce in com-
merce.
GUIBOURTIA COPALLIFERA. A
large tree, growing in Sierra Leone, in
mountainous regions, from which a supe-
rior quality of copal is obtained.
GUILANDINA MORINGA. (Mo-
ringa Aptera.) A tree, growing in India,
Arabia, and Syria, the seeds of which
furnish the oil of ben.
GUM, MESQUITE. See Algarobia Glan-
dulosa.
GUM, PECTORAL. An excellent demul-
cent, made by dissolving equal parts of
gum arabic and sugar in water, and evap-
orating by means of a water-bath.
GUM-RESINS. See Gummi-resinæ.
GUM TURIC. A variety of Turkey
acacia, white or nearly so.
GUMMATE OF LIME. Pure gum
or arabin.
GUMMI GUTTA. A name originally
applied to gamboge.
GUMMI RUBRUM ASTRINGENS GAMBI-
NENSE, A name proposed for African
GUINEA GRAINS. See Amomum kino.
Grana Paradisi.
GUINEA PEPPER. (Pod Pepper.) The
dried fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum.
GUMMIC ACID. See Arabic Acid.
GUMMI-RESINE. (Gum-Resins.)
Concrete natural juices of plants, obtained
GUIRILA. (Insect Powder, Persian by spontaneous exudation or incision, and
or Caucasian Insect Powder.) The pow-consisting of gum and resin.
dered flowers of the Pyrethrum carneum GUN COTTON. (Pyroxylin.) A
or Pyrethrum roseum, growing upon the highly-explosive substance, obtained by
Caucasian Mountains. It produces a ve-
sicular eruption like that of the Rhus toxi-
codendron.
GUM. A term employed to express
various concrete vegetable juices.
GUM ANIME. See Anime.
GUM ARABIC. See Acacia Gummi.
GUM, ARTIFICIAL. See Dextrin.
GUM, AUSTRALIAN,
GUM, BARBARY,
GUM, INDIA,
GUM, SENEGAL,
GUM, TURKEY.
The most com-
mon varieties of
gum arabic.
GUM, BASSORA. See Bassora Gum.
GUM CARANNA.
GUM, BONDOU. See Bondou Gum.
GUM, CAPE. See Cape Gum.
See Amyris Coranna.
GUM ELASTIC. See Caoutchouc.
GUM GALAM. See Galam Gum.
GUM GEDda. A variety of Turkey
acacia, more or less colored.
GUM GONAKIE. See Gonakie Gum.
GUM, HOGG. (Hog Gum.) A variety of
soaking cotton or any other vegetable
fibre in nitric and sulphuric acids, and
then leaving it to dry. By dissolving it
in a mixture of rectified ether and alcohol,
when thus obtained, an adhesive liquid
called Collodion is obtained, which is much
used as a coating for abrasions and burns.
GUN COTTON, ETHEREAL SOLUTION OF.
See Collodion.
GUNJAH. A name given to the hemp
plant, cut after flowering, and formed into
bundles from two to four feet long by
three inches in diameter. Hashish is the
Arabian name.
GURJUN BALSAM. (Wood Oil.) A
new variety of balsam of copaiba, derived
from the East Indies. See Dipterocarpus
Turbinatus.
GUTTA. A drop.
GUTTA. A term applied to pure gutta
percha as it issues from the tree, it then
being a carbohydrogen, with the formula
C20H16.
GUT
HAM
208
GUTTA PERCHA. The concrete juice of
Isonandra gutta, a large tree, growing in
the southern extremity of the Malayan
peninsula, the islands of Singapore, and
Borneo.
GUTTA PERCHA CEMENT. A cement
formed by melting together in an iron
pan two parts of common pitch and one of
gutta percha, stirring them well together
until thoroughly incorporated, and then
pouring the liquid into cold water.
GUTTATED. Besprinkled with drops.
GUTTIFER. A plant that exudes
gum or resin.
GUTTIFERÆ.
A family of plants
which exude gum or resin.
GYPSUM. (Plaster of Paris.) See
Calcis Sulphas.
(Medeola
GYROMIA VIRGINICA.
Virginica, Indian Cucumber.) An indige-
nous perennial herb, growing in this coun-
try. The root bears a strong resemblance
to a small cucumber, and is said to possess
diuretic properties.
GYROPHORIC ACID. An acid com-
posed of C3618015, obtained from Gyro-
phora pustulata.
H.
HAARLEM OIL. Take ol. sulphu-
rat., Oiij; petrol. barbadens., Oj; ol. suc-
cin. (crude), Oiss.; ol. terebinth., Oviij;
ol. lini, Oiv. Mix.
HABZELIA. A genus of plants in-
cluding the Piper Æthiopicum.
HADDOCK. See Gadus Eglifinus.
HÆMATIN,
An azotized color-
HEMATOSIN.}
HÆMATOSIN. ing principle, com-
posed of CH2N3O6Fe, contained in the
blood of all vertebrate animals. It is
brownish-red, inodorous, and tasteless,
insoluble in alcohol, water, and ether,
soluble in acidulated alcohol, alkalies,
and aqueous solutions of the salts in blood.
It occurs naturally, together with globu-
lin, as hæmato-globulin, and the detec-
tion of blood in physiological and forensic
analysis is based partly on the presence of
the latter, partly on the separation of the
former, or one of its modifications, or the
recognition of the iron.
} ing principle, com-
HÆMATOXYLI LIGNUM.
(Log-
wood, Hæmatoxylon.) The wood of Hæma-
toxylon Campechianum, a middle-sized
tree, native of Campeachy, in tropical
America. It is a mild astringent, and is
largely used in dyeing.
A pecu-
HEMATOXYLIC ACID iar acid
HEMATOXYLIN.
principle obtained from logwood, com-
posed of C32H14O12·
HÆMATOXYLON,
HEMATOXYLON CAMPECHI-
ANA.
}
See Hæmatoxyli Lignum.
HÆMOGLOBULIN. A protein com-
pound known only in combination with
hæmatin, which see.
HAGEMIA ABYSSINICA.
Bancksia Abyssinica.
HAIR-CAP MOSS.
See
(Robin's Rye,
Polytrichum Juniperinum.) A moss, na-
tive of the United States, and abounds in
New England. It is said to possess diu-
retic properties, and is given in the form
of tea.
Triturate
HAIR DYE, TWIGGS'S.
together in a mortar one drachm each of
precipitated sulphur and acetate of lead,
and four fluid ounces of rose-water. This
is not an instantaneous dye, but should
be applied twice a day, till it gradually
restores the color to its natural shade.
The addition of half an ounce of glycerin
will take from it a drying property which
is undesirable.
HAKE. See Gadus Merluccius.
HALECORE AUSTRALIS. A fish.
See Dugong Oil.
HALECORE DUGONG. A fish. See Du-
gong Oil.
HALF AND HALF. A mixture of
beer or porter and ale.
HALOGEN. A substance which, by
combination with a metal, forms a haloid
salt.
HALOID. Resembling a salt. Applied
to binary compounds, such as chloride of
sodium, or common salt, containing chlo-
rine, iodine, and the allied elements.
HAMAMELACEÆ.
A family of
HAM
HEC
209
plants to which the genus Liquidambar | 64 701 grains of chloride of potassium.
belongs.
HAMAMELIN. The name of a prep-
aration from the root of witch hazel, Ha-
mamelis Virginica. It is an astringent.
HAMBURG WHITE. A pigment
composed of two parts of baryta and one
of white lead.
HAPLOPAPPUS BAILAHUEN. A
plant abounding on the Cordilleras in the
province of Coquimbo, Chili, and is em-
ployed by the country people for the
wounds of horses and other animals. An
infusion of the bark of the branches, which
contains an abundance of resin, is em-
ployed against colic.
HARD CARTHAGENA BARK. A
variety of Peruvian bark.
HARD SOAP. (Sapo Durus.) Soap made
with olive oil and soda.
HARD WATER. Water which contains
calcareous or magnesian salts or other
impurities, through which it curdles soap.
HARDHACK. (Spiræa.) The root of
Spiræa tomentosa, a European plant in-
troduced into this country, said to possess
valuable diuretic properties, united with
those of a moderate tonic and astringent.
Spiræa ulmaria, queen of the meadow, or
meadow sweet, is a closely-allied species,
growing in Europe.
HARLE'S SOLUTION. A solution
of arsenic very similar to Fowler's, the
difference being the substitution of soda
for potassa.
HARMALINE. An alkaloid found
in the South Russian plant, Peganam har-
mala, and used for dyeing silk pink or
red. Called also Harmine or Harmalina.
HARMEL. The wild African rue.
HARMINE. See Harmaline.
866.180
((
15.479
((
"(
sulphuret
silica,
sodium.
0.246
with traces of fluoride of calcium, bromide
and iodide of sodium, ammonia, carbonate
of iron, carbonate of manganese, and or-
ganic matter. Total, 1096.580 grains.
HARTSHORN. See Cervus Elaphus.
HARTSTONGUE. See Asplenium Sco-
lopendrium.
HASHISH. See Gunjah.
HAWKWEED.
A name generally
applied to the plants belonging to the
genus Hieracium.
HAY SAFFRON. See Cake Saffron.
HEAL-ALL. (Prunella Vulgaris, Self-
heal.) A small perennial, labiate plant
of Europe and this country, used in hem-
orrhages and diarrhoea. The name is ap-
plied also to Collinsonia Canadensis, which
see.
HEAVY CARBONATE OF MAG-
NESIA. (Magnesiæ Carbonas Ponderosa.)
A white granular powder which dissolves
with effervescence in the dilute mineral
acids. It is obtained by essentially the
same process as that directed for carbonate
of magnesia. Fifty grains calcined at a
red heat are reduced to twenty-two.
HEAVY OIL OF TAR. A term ap-
plied to the second set of oils which come
over from the distillation of coal-tar.
HEAVY OIL OF WINE. See Ethereal
Oil.
HEAVY SPAR. See Baryta.
HEBRADENDRON CAMBOGIOI-
DES. A name given to a Ceylon tree
supposed to produce the gum-resin gam-
boge.
A
HARRIS'S PATENT SIEVE.
sieve adapted to the sifting of large quan-
tities of drugs.
HARROGATE WATER. (Harrogate
Old Sulphur Well.) The solid contents of
an imperial gallon of this water are
0.181 grains of sulphate of lime.
12.365 (( carbonate "L
81.735
55.693
เ
((
chloride of calcium.
magnesium.
HECTOGRAM, A French meas-
HECTOGRAMME. ure of weight,
containing a hundred grammes, or about
3.527 ounces avoirdupois.
HECTOLITRE. A French measure
of capacity for liquids, containing a hun-
dred litres, equal to a tenth of a cubic metre,
nearly twenty-six and a half gallons of
wine measure, or 22.0097 imperial gallons.
14
HED
HEL
210
26
As a dry measure it is called a setier, and | April-considerable quantities of cane
contains ten decalitres.
sugar have been obtained.
HEDEOMA. (Mentha Pulegium, Pu- HELICIN. A glucoside of the com-
legium, Pennyroyal, American Pennyroyal.) position C6H160141 convertible into sali-
The herb of Hedeoma pulegioides or Cu-cylous acid by the action of acids.
nila pulegioides, a small, indigenous, an-
nual plant, growing in all parts of this
country. It possesses stimulant, aromatic,
and emmenagogue properties.
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES. See Hedeoma.
HEDERA HELIX. (Ivy.) A well-
known evergreen creeper, native of Eu-
rope. The leaves are used for dressing
issues, and for cutaneous eruptions. The
berries are said to be purgative and emetic.
HEDERIA, A peculiar alkaline
HEDERIN. principle obtained from
ivy seeds. It is very bitter,
It is very bitter, and appears
to resemble quinia in febrifuge qualities.
HEDERIC ACID. An acid obtained
from ivy seeds, composed of C15H1304-
HEDGE GARLIC. See Alliaria Offi-
cinalis.
HELICOIDIN. A derivative of sali-
cin, composed of C52H34O28
HELIOTROPE. A very fragrant
plant of the genus Heliotropum, called
also turnsole or girasole. The most fre-
quent species is Heliotropum Peruvianum.
HELISCARPUS COPALIFERA. A
species of Heliscarpus, abounding in some
portions of Mexico, which yields a white
copal resin, employed by the aborigines
for fumigation. It is nearly colorless,
and possesses an aromatic but unpleasant
odor.
HELLEBORE, AMERICAN.
Veratrum Viride.
See
HELLEBORE, BLACK. (Helleborus.) The
root of Helleborus niger, growing in
Greece, Austria, Switzerland, France,
Italy, and Spain. It is a drastic hydra-
gogue cathartic and an emmenagogue, and
HEDGE HYSSOP. See Gratiola Offici- Italy, and Spain.
nalis.
HEDGE MUSTARD. See Erysimum Offi- in overdoses is poisonous.
cinale.
HELLEBORE, SWAMP. See Veratrum
HEDYSARUM ALHAGI. See Alhagi Viride.
Maurorum.
HELENIN. A white concrete sub-
stance, intermediate in its properties be-
tween the essential oils and camphor.
Obtained from elecampane.
HELENIUM AUTUMNALE.
False Sunflower.
HELIANTHEMUM,
HELIANTHEMUM CANA-
DENSE.
See
See Cistus Canadensis
HELIANTHEMUM CORYMBOSUM. A spe-
HELLEBORE, WHITE. See Veratrum
Album.
HELLEBOREIN. A name given to
a second glucoside, obtained from black
hellebore root.
HELLEBORESIN. A compound of
the formula C6H38Og, formed by the action
of dilute mineral acids on helleborin.
60
HELLEBORETIN. A peculiar prin-
ciple, obtained from helleborin by boiling
it with acid.
HELLEBORIN. A peculiar crystal-
bore root. It is said to be a glucoside.
cies of Helianthemum, possessing proper-line principle, obtained from black helle-
ties similar to Helianthemum Canadense,
and is indiscriminately employed.
HELIANTHUS ANNUUS. The com-
mon sunflower, the pith of which has been
proposed for the preparation of moxa,
being adapted to that purpose by the nitre
which it contains.
HELIANTHUS TUBEROsus. A species
of Helianthus, from the juice of the tubers
of which-those gathered in March or
HELLEBORUS. See Hellebore, Black.
HELLEBORUS FŒTIDUS. (Bear's-foot.)
A perennial European plant of an offensive
odor. The leaves, which are the part
used, possess properties similar to those of
the other species of Helleborus.
HELLEBORUS NIGER. See Hellebore,
Black.
HELLEBORUS ORIENTALIS.
A species
HEL
HEM
211
of Helleborus growing in Greece, similar
to black hellebore, for which it is indis-
criminately used.
HELLEBORUS VIRIDIS. A species of
Helleborus, growing in the west of Europe.
Said to be frequently substituted for black
hellebore.
HEMIDESMUS ROOT,
INDICUS.}
HEMIDESMUS INDICUS.
See Hemidesmi Radix.
HEMIHEDRAL. Having half of the
similar parts in a crystal, instead of all;
consisting of half the planes which full
symmetry would require, as when a cube
HELMINTHOCORTON. See Corsican has planes only on half of its eight solid
angles, or one plane out of a pair on each
HELONIAS DIOICA. See False Uni- of its edges; or, as in the case of a tetra-
hedron, which is hemihedral to an octa-
corn Plant.
Moss.
HELONIAS OFFICINALIS. See Asagreea hedron, it being contained under four of
Officinalis.
HELONIN. A neutral principle, em-
ployed in eclectic practice as a uterine
tonic. Derived from Helonias dioica.
HEMACHROME. The coloring mat-
ter of blood.
HEMANTHUS. A genus of plants
having bulbous roots.
HEMASTATIC. A medicine or appli-
cation which arrests the flow of blood; a
styptic.
}
obtained
HEMATIN,
A peculiar prin-
HEMATOXYLIN. J ciple,
from logwood, upon which its coloring
principle depends. It is obtained by
digesting the aqueous extract in alcohol,
evaporating till it thickens, then adding
a little water, and submitting the liquid
to a new but gentle evaporation. Upon
allowing it to rest, hematin is deposited.
in crystals.
HEMATOSIN. A product of the de-
composition of blood, of a dark-brown
color, and forming red solutions with
alkalies. It contains part of the iron of
the blood.
HEMIDESMI RADIX. (Hemidesmus
Root, Indian Sarsaparilla.) The root of
Hemidesmus Indicus or Periploca Indica,
a climbing plant, common in Hindostan.
It is a tonic, diuretic, and alterative.
HEMIDESMIC ACID. A peculiar
volatilizable acid principle, obtained from
the root of Hemidesmus Indicus. It was
formerly called Smilasperic Acid, under
the erroneous impression that the root
was derived from Smilax aspera.
the planes of an octahedron.
HEMIHEDRON. See Hemihedral.
HEMIMORPHIC. Having the two
ends of a crystal modified with unlike
planes.
HEMINA. A measure equal to about
ten fluid ounces.
HEMIOCTAHEDRON.
dron.
A tetrahe-
HEMIPRISM. A form in the mono-
clinic and triclinic systems of crystalliza-
tion, that comprises but one face of a
prism and its opposite.
HEMITROPE. Having a compound
structure, which may be imitated by bi-
secting a crystal and revolving one-half
180° (or in some cases 120°), and then
A twin crystal; a
reuniting the halves.
crystal having a hemitropal structure.
HEMITROPY. Twin composition in
crystals.
HEMLOCK. See Conii Folia.
HEMLOCK FRUIT. See Conii Fructus.
HEMLOCK GUM. An incorrect name by
which Canada pitch is sometimes known.
HEMLOCK PARSLEY. See Conioselenium
Canadense.
HEMLOCK PITCH PLASTER. See Em-
plastrum Picis Canadensis.
HEMLOCK POULTICE. See Cataplasma
Conii.
HEMLOCK SPRUCE. See Abies Cana-
densis.
HEMLOCK WATER-Dropwort. (Enan-
the Crocata.) A perennial aquatic Euro-
pean plant, exceedingly poisonous. It is
said to be used locally in piles and leprosy.
HEMP,
HEMP, INDIA.} See Cannabis Indica.
HEN
HET
212
HENBANE LEAVES. The leaves of a tree or shrub, which have ligneous, or
Hyoscyamus niger, which see.
HENBANE SEED. The seed of Hyos-
cyamus niger.
HENNA. A dye stuff derived from
the Henna plant or Lawsonia inermis, a
shrub growing in Egypt, Persia, and In-
dia. It is used in skin affections, both
internally and externally. A distilled
water prepared from the leaves is used as
a cosmetic. Henna is in the form of a
powder which is strongly astringent. The
fruit is said to possess emmenagogue prop-
erties.
HENNOTANNIC ACID. A brown
substance of a resinoid fracture, having
the chemical properties peculiar to the
tannins, obtained from henna.
HENRY'S MAGNESIA. Magnesia
having four times the density of that pre-
pared in the usual way. It stands No. 1
in commerce.
HEPAR SULPHURIS. See Liver of
Sulphur.
HEPATICA. (Liverwort.) The leaves
of Hepatica Americana, Hepatica triloba,
or Hepatica acutiloba, American plants,
possessing mild demulcent, tonic, and as-
tringent properties.
hard, woody stems.
HERB CHRISTOPHER.
cata.
See Actœa Spi-
HERB PARIS. A poisonous plant, found
in England; Paris Quadrifolia.
HERB ROBERT. See Geranium Roberti-
anum.
HERBA BRITANNICA. An an-
cient plant, supposed to be a species of
Rumex,― Rumex aquaticus, or Rumex hy-
drolapathum. It was celebrated for the
cure of scurvy and diseases of the skin.
They are the most astringent of the spe-
cies.
HERBACEOUS. Pertaining to herbs;
having the nature of herbs.
HERDERITE. A mineral consisting
of an anhydrous phosphate of alumina
and lime with fluorine.
HERMES. A name applied to mercury
by the Greeks.
HERMETIC,
HERMETICALLY.}
Perfectly close,
so that no air,
gas, or spirit can escape; as an hermetic
seal. The hermetic seal is formed in glass
vessels, by heating the neck of the vessel
till it is soft, and then twisting it till the
aperture or passage is accurately closed.
A vessel or tube is hermetically sealed
when it is closed completely against the
See Hepat- admission of air or other fluid by fusing
the extremity.
ica.
HEPATICA ACUTILOBA,
HEPATICA AMERICANA,
HEPATICA TRILOBA.
HEPATIC ALOES. See Aloes, Hepatic.
HEPATITE. The fetid sulphate of
baryta. By friction or the application of
heat, it exhales a fetid odor like that of
sulphuretted hydrogen.
HEPTREE. See Dog Rose.
HERACLEUM. A genus of plants
including the cow parsneps.
HERACLEUM GUMMIFERUM. The plant
which was at one time supposed to be the
source of gum ammoniæ.
HERMODACTYLS. (Hermodactyli.)
A name given to the roots and bulbs of
an uncertain plant sold in Europe. They
are supposed by some to be derived from
a species of colchicum, Colchicum variega-
tum, and by others to Iris tuberosa.
HESPERIDIN. A bitter crystallizable
substance obtained from the white spongy
portion of lemon-rinds by boiling it in
water and evaporating the decoction.
HESPERIDINE SUGAR. A peculiar
sugar isomeric with mannite, dulcite, &c.
HETEROLOGOUS. Consisting of dif-
HERACLEUM LANATUM. (Masterwort.) ferent elements and in different propor-
See Cow Parsnep.
HERB. A plant, having a soft or suc-
culent stalk or stem, that dies to the root
every year, and is thus distinguished from
tions.
HETEROMEROUS. Unrelated as to
chemical composition, as in cases of heter-
omerous isomorphism.
HET
HOM
213
HETEROPATHIC. Allopathic.
HETEROSITE. A mineral consisting
of silica, alumina, lime, and water.
HEUCHERA,
HEUCHERA AMERICANA,
HEUCHERA CAULESCENS,
HEUCHERA CORTUSA,
HEUCHERA PUBESCENS,
HEUCHERA VISCIDA.
See Alum Root.
HEUDELOTIA AFRICANA.
Bdellium.
See
HEVEA GUIANENSIS. See Caout-
chouc.
HEXACROLIC ACID. A peculiar
acid precipitated from a saturated solution
of acrolein in aqueous or alcoholic solu-
tion of potassa by the addition of sul-
phuric acid; Acrolic acid remains in solu-
tion.
HEXAGONAL. Having six sides and
six angles.
HIPPOCASTANEÆ. A family of
plants to which the genus Æsculus be-
longs.
HIPPOCRAS. A cordial composed of
wine with an infusion of spices and other
ingredients.
HIPPURIC. Obtained from the urine
of horses, &c., as hippuric acid, an acid
allied to benzoic acid.
HIPS. See Dog Rose.
HIRCIC ACID. An acid obtained
from hircin by saponification.
HIRCIN. A liquid like olein obtained
from mutton suet.
HIRUDINES. A name proposed for
leeches as a substitute for the officinal one.
HIRUDO. (The Leech.) The leech,
it is well known, affords the least painful
and, in many instances, the most effectual
means for the local abstraction of blood.
HIRUDO DECORA. The medicinal leech
of America. It is inferior to the Euro-
HEXAHEDRAL.
sides or faces; cubic.
HEXATOMIC. Having six atoms
Having six atoms;
composed of six atoms.
Having six equal pean.
HIBISCUS ABELMOSCHUS.
Abelmosk.
HIRUDO MEDICINALIS. (Sanguisuga
Medicinalis, The Gray Leech, The Green
Leech.) Superior varieties of leeches col-
See lected in Spain, France, Italy, Germany,
and Sweden.
HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS. See Bendee.
HICKORY. See Carya.
HICKORY ASHES AND SOOT INFUSION.
A preparation used in dyspepsia, made by
infusing a pint of clean hickory ashes and
a gill of soot in half a gallon of boiling
water, allowing the liquor to stand for
twenty-four hours, and then decanting.
HIEDRA. A Spanish name for a spe-
cies of rhus growing in California, called
Rhus diversiloba.
HIVE SYRUP. The compound syrup
of squills.
HOCK WINE. A light, yellowish,
Rhenish wine, which is either sparkling
or still, from Hockheim, in Germany.
HOFFMAN'S ANODYNE LIQUOR.
The compound spirit of ether.
HOG-GUM. See Gum, Hogg.
HOGSHEAD. An English measure of
capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or
about 53 imperial gallons; a half pipe.
The old ale hogshead contained 54 ale
HIERACIUM VENOSUM. (Rattle-
snake Weed.) A plant common in Amer-gallons, or nearly 55 imperial gallons. In
ica, supposed to be an antidote to the bite the United States it is considered a large
of a rattlesnake. The leaves and roots cask of indefinite capacity or contents, but
are said to be astringent.
usually containing from 100 to 140 gal-
HIERA PICRA. See Pulvis Aloes et lons.
Canellæ.
HOLCHUS SACCHARATUS. A spe-
HIGH PROOF. Highly rectified; | cies or variety of sorghum.
strongly alcoholic.
HIMALAYA RHUBARB. A species
of rhubarb produced by Rheum Australe,
growing on the Himalaya Mountains.
HOLLY. See Ilex.
HOLLYHOCK. See Althea Rosea.
HOMBERG'S PYROPHORUS. A
spontaneously inflammable substance, con-
HOM
HOR
214
sisting of sulphuret of potassium, alumina, water-bath, to ten fluid drachms, add the
and charcoal.
HOMEOMORPHISM. A near simi-
larity of crystalline form between unlike
chemical compounds or inorganic species;
isomorphism.
HOMOEOMORPHOUS. Approximate-
ly similar in crystalline form.
HOMEOPATHY. The art of curing,
founded on resemblances; the theory and
its practice that disease is cured (tuto cito, |
et jucunde) by remedies which produce on
a healthy person effects similar to the
symptoms of the complaint under which
the patient suffers, the remedies being
usually administered in minute doses.
This system was founded by Dr. Samuel
Hahnemann, and is opposed to allopathy.
HOMOGENEOUS. Of the same kind
or nature; consisting of similar parts, or
of elements of the like nature; homoge-
neous particles, elements, prescriptions,
or principles.
reserved liquid, and mix the whole with
twenty-five ounces of clarified honey.
HONEYSUCKLE. See Lonicera Ca-
prifolium.
HOOPER'S PILLS. R. Aloes barb.,
eight ounces; ferri sulph., two ounces and
one and a half drachms; ext. hellebore,
two ounces; myrrhæ, two ounces; soap,
two ounces; powd. canella, one ounce ;
powd. ginger, one ounce. Beat with water
into a mass, and divide into two and a
half grain pills.
Acidi nitrosi,
HOPE'S MIXTURE.
one fluid drachm; tinct. opii, forty drops;
aqua camphora, eight fluid ounces. Mix.
One-fourth every three or four hours in
dysentery, diarrhoea, and cholera.
HOPS. See Humulus.
HOP TREE. See Ptelea Trifoliata.
HORDEIN. A principle closely allied
to lignin, obtained from barley.
HORDEUM. . (Barley) The decorti-
species or variety of barley.
HOMOLOGICAL. Pertaining to ho-cated seed of Hordeum distichon, a superior
mology; having a structural affinity pro-
ceeding from, or based upon, that kind of
relation termed homology.
HOMOLOGOUS. Being of the same
chemical type or series; differing by a
multiple or arithmetical ratio in certain
constituents, while the physical qualities
are wholly analogous, with small relative
differences, as if corresponding to a series
of parallels—as, the species in the group
of alcohols are said to be homologous.
HOMOLOGY. The quality of being
homologous. See Homologous.
HONEY. See Mel.
HONEY OF BORATE OF SODA.
(Honey
of Borax, Mel Soda Boratis, Mel Boracis.)
Mix one drachm of powdered borax with
an ounce of honey.
See Hor-
deum.
HORDEUM DISTICHON,
HORDEUM DECORTICATUM.
HORDEUM PERLATUM. (Pearl Barley.)
Barley seed deprived of all of its invest-
ments and afterwards rounded and pol-
ished in a mill. Barley is one of the mild-
est and least irritating of farinaceous sub-
stances.
HORDEUM VULGARE. Common barley,
growing wild in some parts of America,
the seeds of which are used in various
forms.
HOREHOUND. See Marrubium.
HORSE ALOES. See Aloes, Horse.
HORSE BALM. See Collinsonia Cana-
densis.
HORSE BRIMSTONE. (Sulphur Vivum.)
An impure sulphur of a gray color, which
constitutes the dregs of the process for
extracting sulphur from the sulphur
earths.
HONEY OF ROSES. (Mel Rosœ.) Moisten
two ounces of powdered red rose with half
an ounce of diluted alcohol, pack it firmly
in a glass percolator, and gradually pour
diluted alcohol upon it until six fluid
drachms of filtered liquor have passed.
Set this aside, and continue the percola-
tion until half a pint more of liquid is
obtained. Evaporate this by means of a Pterygosperma.
HORSE CHESTNUT. See Esculus Hip-
pocastanum.
HORSE RADISH. See Armoracia.
HORSE RADISH TREE. See Moringa.
.
HOR
HYD
215
HORSEMINT. See Monarda.
HORSETAIL. See Equisetum Hye- Cabbage Rose Petals.
male.
HUNDRED-LEAVED ROSE. See
HUNGARIAN BALSAM. See Bal-
HUNGARIAN FUSTIC. (Young Fustic.)
HORSEWEED. See Collinsonia Cana- sam, Riga.
densis.
HOT BATH. A highly stimulant bath. A yellow dyewood obtained from Khus
HOUND'S TONGUE. See Cynoglos-cotinus or Venice sumach.
HUNGARY WATER.
sum Officinale.
A distilled
HOUSELEEK, COMMON. See Sem- water prepared from the tops of the
pervivum Tectorum.
HOUSELEEK, SMALL. See Biting Stone-
crop.
HOWARD'S HYDROSUBLIMATE
flowers of rosemary.
HUNTSMAN'S CUP. See Flycatcher.
HURA BRASILIENSIS. See Assacou.
HURA CREPITANS. A species of Hura
OF MERCURY. (Jewell's Hydrosubli- growing in the West Indies, characterized
mate.) A name given to calomel free | by its fruit breaking when ripe, with vio-
from all suspicion of containing corrosive | lence, into several pieces. It is a violent,
sublimate, obtained by a process, in which acrid, emeto-cathartic.
it is condensed from vapor by contact with
steam, in a large receiver.
HUAMILIES BARK. A species of
Cinchona scarcely known as a distinct va-
riety.
HUANOCHINE. An alkaloid ob-
tained from Huanuco bark derived from
Cinchona nitida. It is thought to be a
mixture of cinchonia with one or more of
the other known cinchona alkaloids.
HUILE. The French name for oil.
HUILE DE CADE. See Cade Oil.
HUMIC ACID. An acid formed from
mould by boiling it with alkalies, and add-
ing acids to the solution. Called also Ul-
mic Acid, Ulmine, and Geic Acid.
HUMULIN. (Lupulin, Lupulite.) The
bitter principle of hops. It may be ob-
tained by treating with alcohol the
aque-
ous extract of lupulin, previously mixed
with a little lime, evaporating the tincture
thus formed, treating the resulting extract
with water, evaporating the solution, and
washing the residue with ether.
HUMULUS. (Hops.) The strobiles
of Humulus lupulus, a well-known climb-
ing plant, native of North America and
Europe. They are tonic, and moderately
narcotic.
HUMULUS LUPULUS. See Humulus.
HUMUS. A pulverulent brown sub-
stance formed by the action of air on solid
animal or vegetable matter. It is a valu-
able constituent of soils.
HUSBAND'S MAGNESIA. A prep-
aration of magnesia holding a position in
commerce next to Henry's, which see.
HUSO. A sturgeon (Acipenser huso)
from which a fine isinglass is obtained.
HUXHAM'S TINCTURE OF BARK.
The compound tincture of cinchona.
HYACINTH. A bulbous plant of the
genus Hyacinthus. H. Orientalis is a com-
mon variety. The wild hyacinth, called
also Eastern quamash, is a plant of the
genus Scilla.
HYDRACID. An acid whose base is
hydrogen.
HYDRAGOGUE. A cathartic capable
of expelling serum.
HYDRAMIDE. Hydruret of amide;
ammonia.
HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS.
(Common Hydrangea, Seven Barks.) A
shrub species of Hydrangea, growing in
shady places in this country. It is from
four to eight feet high, the root of which
has been used in calculous complaints.
HYDRANT. A pipe or spout at which
water may be drawn from an aqueduct
or reservoir.
HYDRARGYRI AMMONIO-CHLO-
RIDUM. See Ammoniated Mercury.
HYDRARGYRI BICHLORIDUM,
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM COR-
ROSIVUM.
See Bichloride of Mercury.
HYD
HYD
216
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. See
Calomel.
HYDRARGYRI CYANIDUM,
HYDRARGYRI CYANURETUM.
See Bicyanide of Mercury.
HYDRARGYRI ET QUINIE CHLORIDUM.
See Chloride of Mercury and Quinia.
HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM. (Hydrargyri
Iodidum Viride, Green Iodide of Mercury,
Protiodide of Mercury, Iodide of Mercury.)
Mix one ounce of mercury with three
hundred grains of iodine in a mortar, and
having added half a fluid ounce of stronger
alcohol, triturate the mixture until the
ingredients are thoroughly incorporated.
Stir the mixture occasionally, and at the
end of two hours, triturate again with
considerable pressure until it is nearly dry,
then rub it with stronger alcohol, gradu-
ally added until it is reduced to a uniform
thin paste; and, having transferred this
to a filter, wash it with stronger alcohol
until the washings cease to produce a per-
manent cloudiness when dropped into a
large quantity of water. Lastly, dry the
iodide in the dark with a gentle heat, and
keep it in a well-stopped bottle protected
from the light.
HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. See
Biniodide of Mercury.
HYDRARGYRI PRECIPITATUM ALBUM.
See Ammoniated Mercury.
HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDUM. See
Calomel.
HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS. (Sulphate of
Mercury.) Heat twenty ounces (av.) of
mercury with twelve fluid ounces of sul-
phuric acid (imp. meas.) in a porcelain
vessel, stirring constantly, until the metal
disappears, then continue the heat until a
dry white salt remains. It has no medi-
cal uses.
HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS FLAVUS. (Yel-
low Sulphate of Mercury, Turpeth Min-
eral.) Mix in a glass vessel four troy
ounces of mercury with six troy ounces of
sulphuric acid, and boil by means of a
sand-bath until a dry, white mass remains.
Rub this into powder and throw it into
boiling water. Pour off the supernatant
liquor, wash the yellow precipitate re-
peatedly with hot water and dry it. It is
an errhine, alterative, and powerfully
emetic.
HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM.
See Black Sulphuret of Mercury.
HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM.
See Bisulphuret of Mercury.
HYDRARGYRIA. (Eczema Mercu-
riale, Lepra Mercurialis.) Names given
HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM VIRIDE. See to cutaneous complaints induced by the
Hydrargyri Iodidum.
HYDRARGYRI NITRICO-OXIDUM.
Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum.
See
HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. See
Black Oxide of Mercury.
use of mercury.
HYDRARGYRUM. (Mercury, Quick-
silver, Mercurius.) See Mercury.
HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM.
Ammoniated Mercury.
See
HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. (Hy- HYDRARGYRUM CORROSIVUM SUBLI-
drargyri Nitrico-Oxidum, Red Oxide of MATUM. See Bichloride of Mercury.
Mercury, Red Precipitate.) Dissolve thir- HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. (Mer-
ty-six troy ounces of mercury, with the cury with Chalk, Gray Powder.) Rub
aid of a gentle heat, in a mixture com- together until the globules cease to be
posed of twenty-four troy ounces of nitric | visible, three troy ounces of mercury with
acid and two pints of water, and evaporate five troy ounces of prepared chalk, and
to dryness. Rub the dry mass into powder | until the mixture acquires a uniform gray
and heat it in a shallow vessel until red color. It is a very mild mercurial, simi-
vapors cease to rise. It is much employed lar in its properties to the blue pill.
externally. This was called by the older
chemists Hydrargyrum præcipitatum per
se or Precipitate per se.
HYDRARGYRI PERCHLORIDUM. See Bi-
chloride of Mercury.
HYDRARGYRUM PRÆCIPITATUM PER
SE. See Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum.
HYDRASTIA, The characteristic
HYDRASTIN.} alkaloid of the root
of Hydrastis Canadensis. It may be ob-
HYD
HYD
217
tained by exhausting the powdered root as
far as possible with water by percolation,
adding muriatic acid to the infusion so as
to precipitate the berberina in the form of
a muriate, and treating the mother-liquor
with solution of ammonia in slight excess,
when it is precipitated in an impure state,
but may be purified by repeated solution
in boiling alcohol, which deposits the crys-
tals on cooling.
which constitutes the fire damp or marsh
gas, which so frequently is the cause of
accidents in mines and wells.
One of the
HYDRIDE OF ENANTHYL.
constituents of American petroleum. It
is a carbohydrogen, consisting of twenty
equivalents of carbon and twenty-two of
hydrogen.
HYDRIDE OF PELARGONYL. A carbo-
hydrogen; one of the constituents of
HYDRASTIS. (Yellow Root, Orange American petroleum, consisting of eigh-
Root, Yellow Puccoon.) The root of Hy- teen equivalents of carbon and twenty of
drastis Canadensis, a small herbaceous, hydrogen.
perennial plant growing in this country. HYDRIDE OF PHOSPHORUS.
A com-
It is considered a tonic, aperient, altera-pound deposited when a solution of binio-
tive, cholagogue, deobstruent, diuretic, dide of phosphorus is heated.
and antiseptic.
tis.
HYDRIDE OF RUTYL. A carbohydro-
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. See Hydras- gen; one of the constituents of American
petroleum, consisting of twenty equiva-
HYDRATE.
A compound formed by lents of carbon and twenty-two of hydro-
the union of water with some other sub-gen.
stance, generally forming a neutral salt.
Slaked lime is a hydrate.
HYDRIODATE. A salt formed by
the union of hydriodic acid with a base.
HYDRIODATE OF AMMONIA. See Am-
monia Hydriodate.
HYDRATE OF BISULPHIDE OF CARBON.
A compound consisting of CS,HO, formed
when bisulphide of carbon is allowed to
evaporate spontaneously on a thermometer
bulb enveloped in fine cambric; snow-
white crystals are formed when the ther-rect name for iodide of potassium.
mometer is reduced to 0° C.
HYDRIODATE OF ARSENIC AND MER-
cURY. See Donovan's Solution.
HYDRATE OF CHLORAL. See Chloral.
HYDRATE OF ETHYLEN. See Ether.
HYDRATE OF POTASSA. See Caustic
Potassa.
HYDRATED OXIDE OF AMYL.
See Alcohol, Amylic.
HYDRATED OXIDE OF IROn,
HYDRATED SESQUIOXIDE OF IRON.
}
See Ferri Oxidum Hydratum.
HYDRATION. The act or state of
becoming a hydrate. Water of hydration
is water chemically combined with some
substance to form a hydrate; distinguished
from water of crystallization.
HYDRIC ETHER. See Ether.
HYDRIDE OF AMYL. See Amyl
Hydride.
HYDRIDE OF BUTYL. See Butyl Hydride.
HYDRIDE OF CAPROYL. See Caproyl
Hydride.
HYDRIDE OF METHYL. The compound
HYDRIODATE OF POTASSA. An incor-
HYDRIODIC ACID. An acid formed
by the combination of hydrogen and io-
dine. See Acid, Hydriodic Diluted.
HYDRIODIC ETHER. See Ether Hy-
driodicus.
HYDROBROMATE. A salt formed
by the union of hydrobromic acid and a
base.
HYDROBROMATE OF AMMONIA. See
Ammonia Hydrobromate.
HYDROBROMIC ACID. An acid
formed by the combination of hydrogen
and bromine.
HYDROBRYORETIN. A peculiar
substance, insoluble in ether, obtained by
treating acids with bryonin.
HYDROCARBON. A compound of
hydrogen and carbon.
HYDROCARBURET. A compound
formed by the union of hydrogen and
carbon; carburetted hydrogen.
HYDROCAROTIN. A peculiar sub-
HYD
HYD
218
stance, identical with cholesterin, obtained | barium, decomposed with sulphuric acid;
as hydroferrocyanic acid.
from carrot root.
HYDROCHINONE. A peculiar sub-
stance, prepared from kinic acid, and said
to be identical with arctuvine.
HYDROCHLORATE.
HYDROFLUITE. A salt composed
of hydrofluoric acid and a base.
HYDROFLUOBORACIC ACID.
A
A compound compound of hydrofluoric acid and fluoride
of hydrochloric acid and a base; a muriate. | of boron.
HYDROCHLORATE OF AMMONIA. See
Ammonia Hydrochlorate.
HYDROFLUORIC ACID. An acid
obtained by distilling fluoride of calcium
HYDROCHLORATE OF LIME. See Calcii with sulphuric acid. See Fluorine.
Chloridum.
HYDROGEN. A gas which consti-
HYDROCHLORATE OF MORPHIA. See tutes one of the elements of water, of
Morphic Murias.
HYDROCHLORATE OF MORPHIA SOLU-
TION. See Liquor Morphic Hydrochloratis.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID. See Acid,
Chlorohydric.
HYDROCHLORIC SOLUTION OF ARSENIC
See Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus.
HYDROCHLORIDE. A compound
consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, and car-
bon.
་
1.
which it forms one-ninth and oxygen
eight-ninths. It is an inflammable, color-
less gas, of extreme lightness. Its specific
gravity being 0.0692; that of water being
It enters as an element into the com-
position of nearly all organic bodies. In
consequence of its extreme lightness it is
often employed for inflating air-balloons.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. A preparation
consisting of water in which, by the pre-
HYDROCOFFEIC ACID. A coni-senting to it of oxygen in a nascent state,
pound of the formula C18H100g, obtained an additional equivalent of this element
from coffeic acid by heating it to moderate
boiling with sodium amalgam, decompos-
ing the sodium salt with sulphuric acid,
and treating the acid solution with ether,
which on spontaneous evaporation, yields
the acid in crystals.
HYDROCOTYLE ASIATICA. See pound eliminated by the admixture of
Bevilacqua.
has combined with the hydrogen, forming
the deutoxide. It is thought to be an
antidote to the narcotic poisons.
A com-
HYDROGEN PERSULPHIDE.
pound having the formula H₂S.
HYDROGEN, PHOSPHURETTED. A com-
phosphide of calcium with phosphate of
HYDROCYANATE. A compound of lime.
hydrocyanic acid with a base.
HYDROGENATE. To combine with
HYDROCYANATE OF
OF ETHYLEN. See hydrogen.
Ether Hydrocyanicus.
HYDROCYANIC ACID, ANHY-
DROUS. See Acid, Hydrocyanic Anhy-
drous.
HYDROGENOUS.
drogen.
Containing hy-
HYDROKINONE. A product obtained
by the action of acids on arbutin.
HYDROMEL. A liquor consisting of
honey diluted with water. Before fer-
HYDROCYANIC ACID, DILUTED. See
Acid, Cyanohydric.
HYDROCYANIC ETHER. See Ether mentation it is called simple hydromel;
Hydrocyanicus.
HYDROFERROCYANATE OF
QUINIA. A salt formed by adding to
one part sulphate of quinia and one and a
half parts of ferrocyanide of potassium
seven parts of boiling water, which yields
the salt on cooling.
HYDROFERROCYANIC.
Pertain
ing to or obtained from ferrocyanide of
after, it is called vinous hydromel or mead.
HYDROMETER. An instrument for
ascertaining the specific gravity of liquids,
and thence the strength of spirituous
liquors, saline solutions, &c. It is usually
made of glass, with a graduated stem, and
indicates the specific gravity of a liquid
by the depth to which it sinks in it, the
zero of the scale marking the depth to
HYD
HYO
219
which it sinks in pure water. Extra
weights are sometimes used to adapt the
scale to liquids of different densities.
HYDROPARACUMARIC
ACID.
An acid having the composition C18H10061
obtained from paracumaric acid by heat-
ing the latter to moderate boiling with
sodium amalgam, decomposing the sodium
salt SO3, and treating the acid solution
with ether, which, on evaporation, yields
the acid in crystals.
HYDROPHYLLACEÆ.
A family
of plants of which the genus Eriodyction is
a member.
HYDROSALT. A salt supposed to be
formed by a hydracid and a base.
HYDROSCOPE. An instrument in-
tended to mark the presence of water in
air
HYDROSTATIC BALANCE. A bal-
ance for weighing substances in water for
the purpose of ascertaining their specific
gravities.
HYDROSTATICS. That branch of
science which relates to the pressure and
equilibrium of non-elastic fluids, as water,
mercury, &c.
HYDROSUBLIMATE OF MERCU-
RY.
See Howard's Hydrosublimate of
Mercury.
HYDROSULPHATE, A combi-
HYDROSULPHURET. Í nation
of
}
HYDROTELLURATE. A salt formed
by the union of telluric acid and a base.
HYDROTELLURIC ACID. An acid
composed of hydrogen and tellurium.
HYDROUS. Containing water; watery.
HYDROXANTHATE. A compound
of hydroxanthic acid with a base.
HYDROXANTHIC ACID. An acid
formed by the action of alkalies on the
deutosulphuret of carbon. Called also Car-
bo-sulphuric acid.
HYDROXIDE. A metallic oxide com-
bined with water; a metallic hydrate.
HYDRURET. A compound of hydro-
gen destitute of acidity.
HYDRURET OF AMYL.
dride.
See Amyl Hy-
See Benzyl.
See Cumyl.
HYDRURET OF BENZYL.
HYDRURET OF CUMYL.
HYDRURET OF PHENYL. See Benzene.
HYDRURET OF SALICYL. A volatile
oil-oil of Spiræa ulmaria-obtained from
the salicin of the castor, which proceeds
from the willow and the poplar, upon
which the beaver feeds.
HYGIENE. That department of med-
ical science which treats of the preserva-
tion of health; a system of rules or prin-
ciples designed for the preservation of
health.
sulphuretted hydrogen with an earth, HYGRINA. A volatile base obtained
alkali, or metallic oxide.
from coca leaves. It is not poisonous,
HYDROSULPHATE OF AMMONIA. See resembles propylamina in odor, and is
Ammonia Hydrosulphate.
HYDROSULPHATE OF LIME. See Calcii
Sulphuretum.
HYDROSULPHITE. A saline com-
probably a product of decomposition.
HYMENÆA COURBARIL. See
Anime.
HYMENEA MOZAMBICENCIS. One of
pound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. the trees from which gum copal is pro-
HYDROSULPHURET. See Hydro-
sulphate.
HYDROSULPHURIC ACID. (Sul-
cured.
HYMENEA Verrucosa. A tree grow-
phohydric Acid, Sulphuretted Hydrogen.) ing in the isle of Bourbon which con-
tributes to the supply of copal.
Called also Hydrothianic Acid. A color-
less gas having a smell like that of putrid
eggs. It saturates bases, with which it
forms salts called hydrosulphurets, hydro-
sulphates, or sulphohydrates. It consists
of one equivalent of sulphur and one of
hydrogen.
HYMENODICTYON. A genus of
plants formerly considered as a cinchona,
but no trace of any of the cinchona alka-
loids has been found in it.
HYOCHOLIC ACID. An acid com-
posed of HO,CHNO,, found combined
HYO
HYP
220
with soda, potassa, and ammonia, in the pound formed by the union of hyperoxy-
muriatic acid and a base; now called
chlorate.
bile of the hog.
HYOSCYAMIA, The active prin-
HYOSCYAMIN. (ciple or alkaloid of
henbane.
HYOSCYAMUS ALBUS. A species
of henbane producing white flowers. It
is used in France indiscriminately with
the other species, with which it is identi-
cal in medicinal qualities.
HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. A biennial plant
with a root resembling parsley. It is
found in the northern and eastern sec-
tions of the United States. It is a native
of Europe, and ranks among the narcotic
poisons.
HYPER. A prefix sometimes used in
the composition of chemical terms, in-
stead of super, to denote excess, or that
the substance first mentioned in the name
of the compound enters in a greater pro-
portion than the other; as, hyperoxide, an
oxide containing an excess of oxygen.
HYPERANTHERA MORINGA. A
synonym of the Moringa pterygosperma,
a tree growing in different parts of India,
Arabia, and Syria, the seeds of which
yield the fixed oil called Oil of Ben.
HYPERCARBURETTED. Supercar-
buretted; having the largest proportion
of carbon.
HYPERCHLORIC. Containing a
greater proportion of oxygen than chloric
acid.
HYPERICACEE. An order of plants
of which the genus Hypericum is a mem-
ber.
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. (St.
John's Wort.) A perennial herb, abun-
dant in Europe and this country. Its
taste is bitter, resinous, and somewhat
astringent. It is thought analogous to
the turpentines in medical power.
HYPERIODIC ACID. An acid formed
by the union of iodine with oxygen.
HYPERMANGANATE OF POTAS-
SA. See Potassa Permanganas.
HYPEROXYMURIATE OF POTASSA. See
Chlorate of Potassa.
HYPEROXYMURIATIC ACID. A
former name for chloric acid.
HYPNOTIC. A medicine that pro-
duces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opi-
ate; a soporific.
HYPO. A prefix frequently used in
composition to signify a less quantity or
a low state or degree of that denoted by the
word with which it is joined. Hypo, pre-
fixed to the name of a compound contain-
ing oxygen, designates another compound
containing less oxygen-as hyponitrous
acid, which contains less oxygen than ni-
trous acid.
HYPOCHLORITE OF LIME. See
Calcis Chloridum.
HYPOGEIC ACID.
One of the pe-
culiar acids of the oil of Arachis hypogœa,
composed of C2H3004.
HYPONITRIC ACID. A compound
formed between nitrogen and oxygen,
formerly called nitrous acid. It consists
of one equivalent of nitrogen and four of
oxygen.
HYPONITROUS ACID. A former
name for nitrous acid, a compound formed
between nitrogen and oxygen, consisting
of one equivalent of nitrogen and three
of oxygen.
HYPONITROUS ETHER. See Ether, Hy-
ponitrous.
HYPOPHOSPHATE. A salt obtained
by combining hypophosphoric acid with a
base.
HYPOPHOSPHITE. A compound of
hypophosphorous acid and a base.
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF AMMONIA. A salt
obtained from hypophosphite of lime and
sulphate or sesquicarbonate of ammonia,
by mixing their several solutions.
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF IRON. A salt ob-
tained from solution of hypophosphite of
soda, or ammonia, with solution of sulphate
of sesquioxide of iron.
HYPERMANGANIC ACID. An
acid consisting of three and a half equiva-
lents of oxygen and one of manganese. HYPOPHOSPHITE OF LIME. A salt pre-
HYPEROXYMURIATE. A compared by slaking four pounds of lime with
HYP
ICE
221
a gallon of water and adding it, in a deep
boiler, to four gallons of boiling water,
and mixing thoroughly, adding a pound
of phosphorus to the mixture, continuing
the boiling, adding hot water from time
to time to keep up the measure, until the
combination is complete and phosphur-
etted hydrogen is no longer evolved.
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF POTASSA. This
salt is prepared in the same manner as
the hypophosphite of soda; 5.75 ounces of
granulated carbonate of potassa, dissolved
in half a pint of water, being substituted
for the carbonate of soda.
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF QUINIA. A salt
prepared by mixing, in a large porcelain
capsule, fifty ounces of sulphate of quinia,
two gallons of distilled water, and two
ounces of hypophosphorous acid, and heat-
ing the mixture to 200°, then adding a
solution of hypophosphite of baryta suffi-
cient to produce complete decomposition.
Filter the solution while hot, which, on
cooling, deposits the salt in crystals.
HYPOPHOSPHite of Soda.
A salt pre-
pared by mixing solutions of hypophos-
phite of lime and crystallized carbonate
of soda, in the proportion of six ounces
of the former dissolved in four pints of
water to ten ounces of the latter in one
and a half pints. Filter and evaporate
to a pellicle, continue the heat, and stir
constantly till the salt granulates.
HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID. An
acid prepared by decomposing hypophos-
phite of lime in solution by oxalic acid,
which precipitates the lime, leaving the
hypophosphorous acid in solution.
contains less oxygen than phosphorous
acid.
It
HYPOPICROTOXIC ACID. A new
acid found in the shell of the Cocculus
Indicus or fish-berries.
HYPOSULPHATE A compound of
hyposulphuric acid and a base.
HYPOSULPHURIC ACID. An acid
having less oxygen than the sulphuric
acid, and found only in combination with
water, as a heavy transparent inodorous
fluid.
HYPOSULPHITE. A compound of
hyposulphurous acid and a salifiable base.
HYPOSULPHITE OF GOLD AND SODA.
A compound known in photography as
sel d'or, and prepared as follows: One part
of chloride of gold is dissolved in fifty
parts of water, and to this is gradually
added a solution of three parts hyposul-
phite of soda. The solution is colored
red at first, but soon becomes colorless; it
is then treated with alcohol as long as a
precipitate is produced, and the precipitate
purified by resolution in water and pre-
cipitation by alcohol.
HYPOSULPHITE OF LIME. See Calcis
Hyposulphis.
HYPOSULPHITE OF SODA. See Soda Hy-
posulphis.
HYPOSULPHITE OF SODA AND PLA-
TINUM.
A compound obtained by double
decomposition between aqueous solutions
of chloride of platinum and ammonium,
and hyposulphite of soda, and subsequent
precipitation by alcohol. An oily liquid
separates, which solidifies to a crystalline
yellow mass. It is purified by resolution
in water and precipitation by alcohol.
HYPOSULPHITE OF SODA AND SILVER.
See Soda et Argenti Hyposulphis.
HYRACEUM. A substance from the
Cape of Good Hope, introduced as a substi-
tute for castor. It is the product of Hyrax
Capensis, an animal of South Africa, about
the size of a rabbit.
HYRAX CAPENSIS. See Hyraceum.
HYSSOP,
A labiate
HYSSOP' OFFICINALIS.} plant,
native of Europe, where, as well as in this
flowering summits and leaves are regarded
country, it is cultivated in gardens. The
as a gently stimulant aromatic.
I.
IATRALIPTIC. A medicine that has
the property of curing by anointing, or
by external application.
IBERIS AMARA. See Bitter Candy-
tuft.
ICE. A nearly solid, transparent, brit-
tle substance, of a crystalline structure,
ICE
IMP
222
ILEX MATE,
A small tree
having the specific gravity of 0.9184. It
ILEX PARAGUAIENSIS.}
melts into water at the temperature of 32° ILEX PARAGUAIENSIS. or shrub grow-
Fahrenheit. It crystallizes into hexag-ing wild along the streams in Paraguay,
onal prisms. Water in the solid state. and also cultivated for the sake of its
ICE PLANT. See Mesembryanthemum leaves, which constitute the celebrated
Crystallinum.
Paraguay tea, so extensively consumed as
ICELAND MOSS. See Cetraria Is- a beverage in the interior of South Amer-
landica.
ICELAND Moss PASTE. See Jujube
Paste.
ICHTHIDIN, A crystalline, albu-
ICHTHIN, minous, granular sub-
ICHTHULIN, stance, obtained from
the eggs of fishes.
ica.
ILEX OPACA. (American Holly.) A
middling-sized evergreen tree, growing
throughout the Atlantic section of the
United States, and especially abundant in
New Jersey. It is so similar to the Ilex
aquifolium that it is considered by some
writers as the same species.
ILEXANTHIN.
ICHTHYOCOLLA. See Isinglass.
ICICA ICICARIBA. (Icicariba.) A
A crystallizable,
lofty tree growing in Brazil, which, it is yellow, coloring principle, contained in
believed, furnishes a variety of elemi. the leaves of Ilex aquifolium, or common
ICTERIC. A remedy for the jaun-holly, and probably identical with the
dice.
rutin or rutic acid contained in the leaves
ICTODES FŒTIDUS. See Dracon- of the common rue.
tium.
IDIOPATHIC. Individually affecting
or indicating an individual affection; per-
taining to or indicating a disease not pre-
ceded and occasioned by any other disease;
opposed to symptomatic.
ILICIC ACID. A peculiar acid ob-
tained from Ilex aquifolium.
ILICIN. The bitter principle of Ilex
aquifolium, and upon which depends the
febrifuge virtues of the plant.
ILIPICRIN.
A name given to the
IDRIALIN. A carbohydrogen ob- crystalline bitter principle obtained from
the fruit of the American holly.
tained from amber.
IGASURIA. A bitter principle found
in the mother-waters from which strych-
nia and brucia have been precipitated by
lime.
ILIXANTHIC ACID. An acid con-
tained in the leaves of Ilex aquifolium,
composed of CHÃO
34 -2222*
ILLICIUM ANISATUM. The star
IGASURIC ACID. A peculiar acid, writers. It is analogous to the common
aniseed, or badiane plant of the French
found in nux vomica in combination with
strychnia and brucia.
} St. Ignatius.
IGNATIA,
See Bean of
IGNATIA AMARA. St. Ignatius.
ILEX. (Holly.) A genus of plants
of several species, possessing febrifuge
qualities.
ILEX AQUIFOLIUM. (Common Euro-
pean Holly.) A shrub or small tree, grow-
ing in Europe, the inner bark of which
furnishes the viscid substance known as
birdlime. The whole plant possesses
febrifuge properties.
ILEX CASSINA,
ILEX DAHOON,
ILEX VOMITORIA.
See Cassina.
anise.
ILLICIUM FLORIDANUM. See Florida
Anise Tree.
ILLICIUM PARVIFLORUM. A species of
anise found in the hilly regions of Georgia
and Carolina, having a flavor closely re-
sembling that of sassafras root.
IMMISCIBLE. Not capable of being
mixed.
IMPALPABLE POWDER. Not pal-
pable; not coarse or gross; incapable of
being perceived by touch.
IMPATIENS BALSAMINA. (Bal-
sam Weed, Touch-me-not.) A plant grow-
ing in the gardens, resembling in effects
Balsam Weed, which see.
IMP
IND
223
IMPATIENS FULVA,
IMPATIENS NOLI-ME-TANGERE,
IMPATIENS PALLIDA.
An
See Balsam Weed.
IMPERATORIA OSTRUTHIUM.
(Masterwort, Divinum Remedium.)
umbelliferous plant, indigenous in the
south of Europe. The root is a stimulant
aromatic, analogous, but inferior, to An-
gelica.
IMPERATORIN.
A crystallizable,
tasteless principle, extracted from the root
of Imperatoria ostruthium.
IMPERIAL. (Potus Imperialis.) A
beverage made by dissolving half an ounce
of cream of tartar in three pints of boiling
water, and adding to the solution four
ounces of white sugar and half an ounce
of fresh lemon-peel.
IMPERIAL MEASURE.
Gallon. Pints. Fluid
Fluid
Min.
ounces.
drachms.
1
8
160
1280
1
20
160
76,800
9,600
1
8
1
480
60
IMPHEE. See African Sugar Cane.
IMPURE CARBONATE OF PO-
TASSA. See Carbonate of Potassa, Impure.
IMPURE SODA. See Barilla.
IMPURE OXIDE OF ZINC. (Tutty,
Tutia.) An oxide of zinc formed during
the smelting of lead ores containing zinc.
It is used as an external application only.
INCENSE. A mixture of fragrant
gums, spices, and the like, used for the
purpose of producing a perfume when
burned.
INCOMMISCIBLE. Not miscible.
INCOMPATIBLE. Not capable of
being united in solution without liability
to decomposition or other chemical change;
not suitable to be prescribed together,
because of opposing medicinal qualities.
INCONGRUOUS. Incompatible.
INCORPORATE. To form into a
body; to combine, as different ingredients
into one mass; to fix or place into a con-
sistent mass.
INCORRODIBLE. Incapable of be-
ing corroded.
INCRASSATE. To make thicker by
the mixture of other substances less fluid,
or by evaporating the thinner parts.
INCRASSATIVE. That which has
the power to thicken.
INDELIBLE. Not to be blotted out;
incapable of being effaced.
INDELIBLE INK. An ink which may
be prepared by dissolving eight parts of
crystallized nitrate of silver, three parts
of nitrate of copper, and four of carbonate
of soda in one hundred parts of water of
ammonia, and add to the solution a little
gum arabic.
The marks produced by nitrate of silver
on linen or muslin may be completely
removed by moistening them with a solu-
tion of corrosive sublimate in thirty parts
of distilled water and afterwards washing
them with ordinary water.
INDIA ALOES. An inferior kind of
aloes, produced in different parts of Hin-
dostan.
INDIA GUM. Gum imported from In-
dia, derived from Acacia Arabica and
INCINERATE. To reduce to ashes probably other species. It is usually
by burning.
INCITANT. (Arterial Stimulant.) A
remedy which raises the action of the sys-
tem above the standard of health, and
which exhibits its influence chiefly upon
the heart and arteries.
INCOERCIBLE. Not capable of being
reduced to the form of a liquid by pres-
sure; said of certain gases.
INCOMBUSTIBLE. Not combusti-
ble; not capable of being burned, decom-
posed, or consumed by fire.
much contaminated with portions of a
different product, having the characteristic
properties of Bassora gum.
INDIA MYRRH. An inferior quality of
myrrh, imported from the East Indies.
INDIA OPIUM. An inferior quality of
opium, of two varieties, viz., Bengal and
Malwa opium. Little, if any, appears in
our markets.
INDIA RHUBARB. See Chinese Rhubarb.
INDIA SENNA. (Mocha Senna, Sené de
la Pique, Tinnevelly Senna.) An inferior
IND
INF
224
quality of senna, consisting of the leaflets | tained from various species of Indigofera,
of Cassia elongata. It is produced in such as I. tinctoria, I. anil, and I argentea.
Arabia, but takes its name from the route It is said to be afforded also by other
by which it reaches us.
plants, such as Wrightia tinctoria, Poly-
INDIAN BAY. A plant of the genus gonum tinctorium, Galega tinctoria, &c.
Laurus, L. indicus.
INDIAN BERRY. The Cocculus Indicus.
INDIAN CORN. (Zea Mays, Maize)
The meal of common Indian corn, in the
form of mush, makes an excellent emol-
lient poultice, much used in hospitals.
INDIAN CRESS. Nasturtium.
INDIAN CUCUMBER. See Gyromia Vir-
ginica.
INDIAN HEMP.
See Cannabis Indica.
INDIAN INK, }
A substance brought
INDIA INK. chiefly from China, used
for water colors. It is in rolls or square
cakes, and consists of lampblack and
animal glue. It was formerly supposed
to be made from the ink-bag of the Sepia
or cuttle-fish.
INDIAN PHYSIC. See Gillenia.
INDIAN RED. A purplish-red pigment
brought from the island of Ormus, in the
Persian Gulf. It is a red ochre, and owes
its color to the red oxide of iron.
INDIAN RUBBER,
INDIA RUBBER.
} See Caoutchouc.
INDIAN POKE. See Veratrum Viride.
INDIAN SARSAPARILLA.
desmi Radix.
See Hemi-
INDIAN TOBACCO. See Lobelia.
INDIAN TURNIP. See Arum.
INDIAN YELLOW. A pigment manu-
factured from a yellow substance from
India, called Purree, which occurs in com-
merce in balls of from three to four ounces
in weight, which are dark brown exter-
nally, and deep orange within. It has a
smell like that of castor. It appears to
consist of magnesia united with a peculiar
acid called Purreic or Euxanthic Acid.
It does not exist ready formed, but is
generated during fermentation.
INDIGO SULPHATE. Indigo dissolved
by sulphuric acid for the purpose of its
solution in, and dilution by, water, for
dyeing purposes.
INDIGO, WILD. See Baptisia Tinctoria.
INDIGOFERA ANIL,
INDIGOFERA ARGENTEA,
INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA.
See Indigo.
INDIGOTIN. The coloring principle
of indigo.
INDISSOLUBLE. Not capable of
being dissolved, melted, or liquefied by
heat or water. Few substances are in-
dissoluble by heat, but many are indis-
soluble in water.
INDIUM. A metal very similar to
cadmium in its relation to other sub-
stances. It is obtained from zinc residues
remaining after extraction of zinc blended
with sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid,
by treatment with nitric acid, evaporating
the solution with sulphuric acid, diluting,
and precipitating with sulphuretted hy-
drogen. By repeated solutions and pre-
cipitations the indium is obtained, con-
taminated only with a little iron.
INERT. Inactive; motionless; in-
capable of producing any effect.
INEXHALABLE. Incapable of be-
ing exhaled or evaporated.
INFANTS' RELIEF. (Soothing Sy-
rup.) A preparation similar to, if not
identical with, the popular patent medi-
cine known as Mrs. Winslow's Soothing
Syrup, prepared by dissolving four grains
INDICAN. The principle existing in of sulphate of morphia in a pint of simple
the several indigo plants upon which de- | syrup, triturating it in a mortar with two
pends the formation of indigo by genera- | fluid drachms of oil of anise, and coloring
tion during fermentation.
the mixture with caramel.
INDIGENOUS. Native; produced
naturally in a country or climate; not
exotic.
INDIGO. A well-known dyestuff, ob-
INFILTRATE. To enter, by pene-
trating the pores or interstices of a sub-
stance.
INFINITESIMAL. Infinitely small.
INF
INF
225
INFLAMMABLE. Capable of being boiling water, one pint.
minutes, and strain.
set on fire; easily enkindled; susceptible
of combustion; as inflammable oils or
spirits.
INFUSION. (Infusum.) The act or
process of steeping any insoluble sub-
stance in water in order to extract its
virtues, or the liquid obtained by this
process. Aqueous solutions obtained by
treating with water, without the aid of
ebullition, vegetable products only par-
tially soluble in that liquid. The water
employed may be either hot or cold,
according to the objects to be accom-
plished. They are generally prepared by
pouring boiling water upon the vegetable
substance, and macerating in a lightly-
closed vessel till the liquid cools. Cold
infusions are made with cold water, and
require several hours to attain their full
strength.
INFUSION OF ANGUSTura. (Infusum
Angusturæ, Infusion of Cusparia.) Macer-
ate half a troy ounce of coarsely-powdered
Angustura bark in a pint of boiling water,
and strain.
INFUSION OF BEARBERRY. (Infusum
Uvæ Ursi.) Infuse for two hours, and
strain, half an ounce of bruised Uva ursi
in ten fluid ounces of boiling distilled
water.
INFUSION OF BUCHU. Macerate one
ounce of buchu in one pint of boiling
water for two hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF CALUMBA. (Infusion of
Columbo.) Coarsely-powdered columbo,
one half ounce; boiling water, one pint.
Macerate for two hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF CAPSICUM. (Infusion of
Cayenne Pepper.) Coarsely-powdered cap-
sicum, one half ounce; boiling water, a
pint.
INFUSION OF CASCARILLA. Coarsely-
powdered cascarilla, one ounce; boiling
water, one pint.
Macerate ten
INFUSION OF CHIRETTA. (Infusum
Chirata.) Chiretta cut small, two drachms;
distilled water at 120°, ten fluid ounces.
Infuse for half an hour, and strain.
INFUSION OF CLOVES. (Infusum Caryo-
phylli.) Bruised cloves, two drachms;
boiling water, one pint.
INFUSION OF COLUMBO.
of Calumba.
See Infusion
INFUSION OF DANDELION.
(Infusum
Taraxaci.) Bruised dandelion, two troy
ounces; boiling water, a pint.
INFUSION OF DIGITALIS. One drachm
of digitalis, one ounce essence of cinna-
mon, one half pint boiling water. Macer-
ate the digitalis for two hours in the
water, strain, and add essence.
INFUSION OF DULCAMARA. (Infusion
of Bittersweet.) One ounce of bittersweet
bruised to ten fluid ounces of boiling
water. Macerate one hour, and strain.
INFUSION OF ERGOT. Two drachms of
coarsely-powdered ergot to ten fluid ounces
of boiling distilled water. Macerate half
an hour, and strain.
INFUSION OF FLAXSEED, COMPOUND.
See Compound Infusion of Flaxseed.
INFUSION OF GENTIAN, COMPOUND. See
Compound Infusion of Gentian.
INFUSION OF GINGER. (Infusum Zin-
giberis.) Bruised ginger, one half troy
ounce; boiling water, one pint. Macerate
two hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF HICKORY ASHES AND Soot.
See Hickory Ashes and Soot Infusion.
INFUSION OF HOPS. (Infusum Humuli,
Infusum Lupuli.) One half ounce of hops,
one pint of boiling water. Macerate two
hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF JUNIPER. (Infusum Ju-
niperi.) One troy ounce of bruised juni-
per, one pint of boiling water. Macerate
INFUSION OF CATECHU. See Compound two hours, and strain.
Infusion of Catechu.
INFUSION OF KOUSSO. (Infusion of
INFUSION OF CAYENNE PEPPER. See Cusso.) Infuse in a covered vessel for fif-
Infusion of Capsicum.
teen minutes, without straining, half an
ounce of coarsely-powdered kousso in eight
INFUSION OF CHAMOMILE. (Infusum
Anthemidis.) Chamomile, half ounce; fluid ounces of boiling distilled water.
J
15
INF
INH
226
INFUSION OF LINSEED. See Compound | drachm; boiling water, one pint. Macer-
Infusion of Flaxseed.
ate one hour, and strain.
INFUSION OF MATICO. (Infusum Ma-
ticæ.) One half ounce matico-leaves cut
small in ten fluid ounces boiling distilled
water. Macerate half an hour, and strain.
INFUSION OF ORANGE-PEEL. (Infusum
Aurantii.) One half ounce bitter orange-
peel in ten fluid ounces boiling distilled
water. Infuse fifteen minutes, and strain.
INFUSION OF ORANGE-PEEL, COM-
POUND. See Compound Infusion of Orange-
Peel.
INFUSION OF PAREIRA BRAVA. (In-
fusum Pareira.) Pareira brava bruised,
one ounce; boiling water, one pint. Mac-
erate two hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF SERPENTARIA. Serpenta-
ria in coarse powder, half an ounce; boil-
ing water, one pint. Macerate two hours,
and strain.
INFUSION OF SLIPPERY ELM BARK.
(Mucilago Ulmi, Infusum Ulmi.) Slippery
elm bark sliced and bruised, one ounce;
boiling water, one pint. Macerate two
hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF SPIGELIA. Spigelia, half
a troy ounce; boiling water, one pint.
Macerate two hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF TAR. See Aqua Picis
Liquida.
INFUSION OF THOROUGH WORT. (In-
INFUSION OF PERUVIAN BARK, COM-fusum Eupatorii.) Boneset (dried herb),
POUND. See Compound Infusion of Peru-a troy ounce; boiling water, one pint.
vian Bark.
INFUSION OF QUASSIA. (Infusum Quas-
siæ.) Quassia rasped, two drachms; cold
water, one pint. Macerate twelve hours,
and strain.
INFUSION OF RED BARK. See Com-
pound Infusion of Peruvian Bark.
INFUSION OF RHATANY. (Infusum Kra-
meriæ.) Rhatany root bruised, half an
ounce; boiling distilled water, ten fluid
Ounces. Macerate one hour, and strain.
INFUSION OF RHUBARB. (Infusum
Rhei.) Rhubarb bruised, two drachmns;
boiling water, half a pint. Macerate two
hours, and strain.
Macerate for two hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF TOBACCO.
(Infusum Ta-
baci, Enema Tabaci.) Tobacco, one
drachm; boiling water, one pint. Macer-
ate for one hour, and strain.
INFUSION OF VALERIAN. Coarsely-
powdered valerian, half an ounce; boiling
water, one pint. Macerate two hours,
and strain.
INFUSION OF WILD CHERRY BARK.
(Infusum Pruni Virginianæ.) Coarsely-
powdered wild cherry bark, half an ounce;
moisten, and percolate with cold water
until a pint of infusion is obtained.
INFUSION OF YELLOW CINCHONA. (In-
Coarsely-pow-
INFUSION OF ROSES, ACID. See Acid fusum Cinchone Flavœ.)
Infusion of Roses.
INFUSION OF SAGE. (Infusum Salviæ.)
Sage, half an ounce; boiling water, a pint.
Macerate half an hour, and strain.
(In-
INFUSION OF SASSAFRAS PITH.
fusum Sassafras Medulla, Mucilago Sassa-
fras, Mucilage of Sassafras.) Sassafras
pith, two drachms; cold water, one pint.
Macerate for three hours, and strain.
INFUSION OF SENEKA. (Infusum Sene-
gæ.) Senega root bruised, half an ounce;
boiling distilled water, ten fluid ounces.
Macerate one hour, and strain.
dered yellow cinchona bark, half an ounce;
Infuse two hours, and strain.
boiling distilled water, ten fluid ounces.
INGREDIENT. That which enters
into a compound, or is a component part
of any compound or mixture.
INHALATION OF
See Vapor Chlori.
CHLORINE.
INHALATION OF CONIA. See Vapor
Coniæ.
INHALATION OF CREASOTE. See Vapor
Creasoti.
INHALATION OF HYDROCYANIC ACID.
See Vapor Acidi Hydrocyanici.
INHALATION OF IODINE. See Vapor
INFUSION OF SENNA. (Infusum Sennæ.)
Senna, one ounce; coriander bruised, one Iodi.
.
INH
INS
227
INHALENTS. (Vapores, Vapors.)
Medicines to be administered by inhala-
tion.
INHUMATION. The act of burying
vessels in warm earth in order that their
contents may be exposed to a steady heat.
INJECTION. A liquid medicine which
is administered by means of a syringe.
INK. An aqueous solution of the tanno-
gallate of iron, and is a popular applica-
tion to ringworm; a colored fluid, usually
black, used in writing, printing, &c.
Printing Ink is made by boiling linseed
oil, and burning it for a short time, and
mixing it with lampblack, with an addi-
tion of soap and resin.
Anilin inks are prepared by dissolving
15 parts dry aniline-either red, blue,
green, or yellow—in 150 parts strong al-
cohol, and 1000 parts distilled water, in a
porcelain-lined vessel, by the aid of a
gentle heat, until the odor of alcohol is
dissipated, and adding a solution of 60
parts gum arabic in 250 parts water.
Blue Ink is prepared by dissolving in a
matrass, in a large quantity of water, ten
grammes of sulphate of protoxide of iron,
boil, and then add sufficient nitric acid to
sesquioxidize all the iron. Then add a
solution of yellow prussiate of potash, con-
taining ten grammes of this salt, and leave
the precipitate to deposit. After decant-
ing the supernatant liquid, throw the de-
posit on a filter, wash it with cold water,
and leave it to drain until it can be easily
raised from the filter with a knife. Then,
without further drying, mix it in a porce-
lain mortar with two grammes of oxalic
acid in crystals. Let the reaction con-
tinue for an hour, then gradually add 400
cubic centimetres of water. This produces
a dark-blue solution, which, even after
long standing, does not precipitate.
Marking Ink is prepared as follows:
The tissue, linen or cotton, to be marked,
is moistened with a solution of one part
of hypophosphite of soda and two parts of
gum arabic in sixteen parts of water. The
marking is then done with a quill-pen and
a solution of one part nitrate of silver, six
parts gum arabic, and six parts of water.
Anilin Ink is prepared by rubbing up
one drachm of anilin-black with sixty
drops strong hydrochloric acid, and one
and a half ounce alcohol. The resulting
liquid is then to be diluted with a hot so-
lution of one and a half drachms of gum
arabic in six ounces water. This ink does.
not corrode metallic pens, is affected
neither by concentrated mineral acids nor
by strong lye. If the anilin-black solu-
tion be diluted with a solution of one and
a half ounce shellac in six ounces of al-
cohol, instead of with gum-water, an ink
is obtained, which, when applied to wood,
brass, or leather, is remarkable for its ex-
traordinary deep-black color.
Ink for writing on glass. A solution of
fluoride of ammonium is recommended, as
furnishing a ready means of writing with
a pen of any kind upon glass, and is spe-
cially adapted for labelling bottles, &c.
INK-BAG. A bag or sac containing
a deep-black liquid found in the cuttle-
fish.
ΙΝΚΟΜΑΝΚΟΜΟ. (Uncomocomo.)
A name given to the root of a species of
Aspidium (A. athamanticum) growing in
South Africa.
INNOCUOUS. Harmless.
INOCARPUS EDULIS. The South
Sea chestnut tree, called If by the natives.
It abounds on Rotuma, one of the Poly-
nesian Islands, bears a flat, kidney-shaped
fruit, which, when roasted, tastes not un-
like our chestnut, and is highly valued.
INODOROUS. Wanting scent; hav-
ing no smell; scentless.
INORGANIC. Not organic.
INOSINIC ACID. An acid contained
in the juice of the meat of most animals,
composed of HO,C₁0H¸Ñ₂O10·
composed of HO,C₁0H¿N₂O10-
6
INOSITE. Sugar of muscular flesh;
a sugar found in the juice of flesh.
INSECT POWDER, PERSIAN. See
Caucasian Insect Powder.
INSIPID. Destitute of taste; wanting
in the qualities which affect the organs of
taste; vapid.
INSOLATE. To dry in the sun's rays;
to expose to the heat of the sun.
INS
IOD
228
of being dissolved.
INSOLUBLE. Not soluble; incapable the sulphate of baryta, and slowly evap-
orate the solution. Wash with distilled
water the crystals of iodic acid that are
formed, dissolve them in boiling distilled
water, and saturate with bicarbonate of
potassa. On cooling, the iodate is depos-
ited in small crystals.
INSPISSATE. To thicken; to bring
to a greater consistence-as fluids, by
evaporation.
INSPISSATED INFUSIONS. A new
set of preparations, the advantages of
which are that the virtues of vegetable
substances are extracted by cold water,
are not injured by heat used in the evap-
oration, are in a concentrated state, and
are not impaired by time.
IODIC ACID. An acid formed by the
union of oxygen with iodine.
IODIC ALIMENTATION. A mode of
safely bringing and maintaining the sys-
tem under the influence of iodine, consist-
ing in the mixing of the medicine with
the food, as with bread and other farina-
ceous substances, so that the patient may
INSTIL, To drop in; to pour in
INSTILL. by drops; to infuse slowly
or by degrees.
INTERMITTENT. Ceasing at inter- take daily a due quantity.
vals.
INTERMIX. To mix together.
INULA,
See Elecam-
INULA HELENIUM. pane.
INULIN. See Alantin.
IODIDE. A non-acid compound of
iodine with a metal or other substance.
IODIDE OF AMMONIUM. See Ammonia
Hydriodate.
IODIDE OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY.
IODIDE OF ETHYL.
odicus.
INVERSE SUGAR. (Sucre Interverté.) | See Donovan's Solution.
A name given to an isomeric form of glu-
cose, generated from cane sugar by solu-
tion in water or weak acids, and long
boiling, which turns the plane of polar-
ization to the left, and, like grape sugar,
is susceptible of the vinous fermentation
without an intermediate change.
}
INVOLUCRE, A sort of calyx,
INVOLUCRUM. inclosing those ag-
gregates of flowers constituting umbels,
but occasionally inclosing flowers not um-
bellate. It is usually more or less distant
from the flowers which it envelops.
See Ether Hydri-
IODIDE OF LEAD. (Plumbi Iodidum.)
With the aid of heat, dissolve four ounces
of nitrate of lead in a pint and a half of
distilled water, and four ounces of iodide of
potassium in half a pint of distilled water,
and mix. Allow the precipitate formed
to subside, and, having poured off the
supernatant liquid, wash it with distilled
water, and dry it at a gentle heat.
IODIDE OF MANGANESE. A salt formed
by the double decomposition between equal
IODAL. A new compound, not yet weights of iodide of potassium and crys-
definitely determined.
tallized sulphate of manganese.
IODATE. A compound of iodic acid
with a base.
IODATE OF POTASSA. A salt proposed
as a substitute for chlorate of potassa. It
is prepared by mixing one part each of
iodine and chlorate of potassa with five or
six parts of water, previously acidulated
with a few drops of nitric acid and heated
to ebullition. As soon as the chlorine
ceases to escape treat the liquid with a
concentrated solution of chloride of bari-
um.
Wash with distilled water, decom-
pose with dilute sulphuric acid the iodate
of baryta precipitated, filter to separate
IODIDE OF MERCURY. See Hydrargyri
Iodidum.
IODIDE OF NICOTIN. A salt deposited
from a mixture of ethereal solutions of io-
dine and of nicotin, in ruby-colored needles
of the composition 2C20H14N2,312. When
these crystals are dissolved in chlorohydric
acid, the solution deposits on evaporation
a compound consisting of 3H14C20N2,31,
2HC1.
IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. (Potassii Iodidi.)
Dissolve six troy ounces of potassa in
three pints of distilled water, boiling hot,
then gradually add one pound or a suffi-
IOD
IOD
229
cient quantity of iodine in fine powder, | obtained by the action of hydriodic acid
stirring after each addition until the solu- upon chloride of titanium, and may be
tion becomes colorless, and continue the purified by repeated sublimation in a cur-
additions until the liquid remains slightly rent of hydrogen. It forms a brittle brown
colored from excess of iodine. Evaporate mass, fuses at 150° C., and crystallizes on
the solution to dryness, stirring in, toward cooling. It is soluble in water, but the
the close of the operation, two troy ounces solution soon decomposes, precipitating
of finely-powdered charcoal, so that it titanic acid.
may be intimately mixed with the dried IODIDE OF ZINC (Zinci Iodidum.) An
salt. Rub this to powder and heat it to a iodide formed by digesting an excess of
dull redness in an iron crucible, maintain- | zinc, in small pieces, with iodine diffused
ing that temperature for fifteen minutes; in water, and evaporating. It is tonic,
then, after it has cooled, dissolve out the astringent, and antispasmodic.
saline matter with distilled water, filter IODIDES OF CALOMEL. See Calo-
the solution, and set aside to crystallize.mel Iodides.
It is a splendid alterative preparation.
IODIDE OF SODIUM. (Sodii Iodidum.) A
salt prepared by saturating a solution of
caustic soda with iodine, or by double
decomposition between iodide of iron and
carbonate of soda, precisely as iodide of
potassium is obtained by the correspond-
ing process for that salt. It has the same
effect and is used in the same diseases as
iodide of potassium.
|
IODINE. (Iodinium, Iodum, Iode.)
IODIDE OF SILVER. See Argenti Iodi- | A grayish or bluish-black solid, of a me-
dum.
tallic lustre, somewhat resembling plum-
bago, obtained from the ashes of sea-weeds
and usually occurring in scales or crystals.
It is soft and brittle, fuses at 225° of Fah-
renheit, and at 347° becomes a beautiful
violet vapor, whence its name. It has
an acrid odor and taste, and is poisonous,
though uncertain in its action. It is an
element, its chemical equivalent being
127, and in a solid state its density is 4.948.
In its free state the smallest quantity
colors starch blue. It is used in medicine
as a local irritant and to increase the
secretive functions. Used in excess, it
gives rise to iodism.
IODIDE OF STARCH. A compound said
to be best suited for the administration of
iodine in large doses without causing irri-
tation of the stomach. It is prepared by
triturating twenty-four grains of iodine
with a little water, adding gradually an
ounce of finely-powdered starch, and con-
tinuing the trituration until the compound
assumes a uniform blue color. It is then
dried by a gentle heat and kept in a well-
stopped bottle.
IODIDE OF SULPHATE OF QUINIA. A
compound formed by adding tincture of
iodine, by drops, to a mixture consisting
of a solution of sulphate of quinia in a
mixture of acetic acid and diluted alcohol,
at 130° F., until perfect solution takes
place. Upon the cooling of the liquid,
crystals will gradually form, consisting of
iodine, quinia, and sulphuric acid, com-
bined in the state of sulphate of iodo-quinia.
Iodide
IODIDE OF SULPHUR. See Bisulphuret
of Iodine.
IODINE BATH. Iodine, grains eigh-
teen; iodide of potassium, grains thirty-
six; rain-water, six gallons. Dissolve the
iodine and iodide first in a pint of water,
then add to the rest.
IODINE CAUSTIC. (Lugol's Caustic Io-
dine Solution.) A solution prepared by
dissolving an ounce each of iodine and
iodide of potassium in two fluid ounces of
water. It is employed in lupus and like
complaints.
IODINE,
Iodine.
COLORLESS. See Colorless
IODINE INHALATION. See Vapor Iodi.
IODINE LINIMENT. A liniment inter-
mediate in strength between iodine paint.
and iodine caustic.
IODINE LOTION. (Lugol's Iodine Lotion.)
IODIDE OF TITANIUM. A compound A preparation consisting of from two to
IOD
IOD
230
four grains of iodine and four to eight
grains of iodide of potassium, dissolved in
a pint of water. It is used as a wash or
injection in scrofulous ophthalmia, ozana,
and fistulous ulcers.
IODINE, OXIDE. A compound formed
by the union of oxygen with iodine.
IODINE PAINT. A name given to a
tincture of iodine twice as strong as the
officinal tincture, made by dissolving a
drachm of iodine in an ounce of alcohol,
and allowing it to stand in a glass-stop-
pered bottle for several months before it
is used, when it will become thick and
syrupy.
A
IODINE, RUBEFACIENT SOLUTION.
preparation formed by dissolving half an
ounce of iodine and an ounce of iodide of
potassium in six fluid ounces of water.
IODINE, SCARLET. See Iodide of Mer-
cury.
of iodine, contained in a muslin bag. In
the course of a few hours, the substances,
by occasional shaking, unite, forming a
powder resembling iodine in color. It is
to be taken in the same manner as snuff,
for the purpose of the administration of
iodine by inhalation.
IODIZED COLLODION. See Collodion,
Iodized.
IODIZED GLYCERIN. Glycerin holding
in solution iodine and iodide of potassium
in variable proportions.
IODIZED OIL. Under the impression
that cod-liver oil owed its chief virtue to
the presence of iodine, an iodized oil was
proposed, prepared as follows:
Five parts of iodine are mixed with a
thousand of almond oil, and the mixture
is subjected to a jet of steam until decolor-
ized. The same operation is repeated
with five additional parts of iodine. The
IODINE SOLUTION. See Compound Solu- oil is then washed with a weak alkaline
tion of Iodine.
IODINE SPRING, SARATOGA. The gas-
eous contents of a wine gallon are-
336 cubic inches of carbonic acid.
atmospheric air.
4
Total, 340 cubic inches.
The solid contents are-
187 grains of chloride of sodium.
carbonate of magnesia.
carbonate of lime.
carbonate of soda.
""
75 66.
26
2
1 grain of carbonate of iron.
3.5 grains iodine.
Total 294.5 grains.
IODINE TINCTURE. (Tinctura Iodinii.)
Iodine, one ounce; alcohol, one pint.
Dissolve the iodine in the alcohol.
IODINE, YELLOW. Iodide of lead.
IODINUM. See Iodine.
IODISM. A condition of the system
produced by the effects of iodine, charac-
terized by fever, restlessness, disturbed
sleep, palpitations, excessive thirst, acute
pain in the stomach, vomiting and purg-
ing, violent cramps, frequent pulse, and
finally progressive emaciation.
IODIZED CAMPHOR. A preparation
formed by putting powdered camphor in
a snuff-box, with a hundredth part in bulk
solution, to remove the hydriodic acid
developed in the process.
IODIZED OPODELDOC. A compound
prepared by Mr. W. C. Bakes, by mixing
a solution of eight ounces iodide of potassa
in two pints alcohol, 30° B., with a hot
solution of fourteen ounces animal soap in
two pints alcohol, 30° B., and adding two
drachms oil of garden lavender to flavor.
IODO-CHLORIDES OF MERCURY.
See Calomel Iodides.
IODO-FERRATED COD-LIVER OIL. A
combination prepared as follows: 30
gram. pure, light-colored, cod-liver oil
are mixed with 12 gram. ether; one-third
of this is added to 6.5 gram. pure proto-
sulph. iron, 5.15 iodide of potassium, and
a small quantity of reduced iron. It is then
rubbed well together, one-third of 9.70
gram. pure cod-liver oil added, and the
mixture introduced into a bottle, which it
accurately fills, and well shaken. The pre-
cipitate is allowed to subside, the clear oil
decanted, and then treated in the same
manner with the second and third portions
of oil and ether and of pure oil. The
decanted oils are mixed, allowed to stand
ten days, and filtered.
IODO-FERROPHOSPHORATED ELIXIR OF
IOD
IPE
231
HORSE-RADISH.
IODOSULPHATE OF QUINIA. A
preparation said to be valuable in the
treatment of hæmoptysis, tuberculosis,
scrofula, &c., &c., in doses of one-half to
three grains, three or four times a day.
IODOTANNIN. A solution of iodine
in water, made with the assistance of tan-
nic acid.
IODOUS ACID. An acid resulting
from the union of oxygen and iodine in
certain proportions-four equivalents of
the former to one of the latter.
IODUM. See Iodine.
IODURE, }
IODURET.
An iodide.
A
This is prepared, ac-|latter. It has been used in bronchitis,
cording to E. Fougera, by macerating hooping-cough, tonsillitis, dyspepsia, scro-
10 kilo. each of fresh scurvy grass and fula, and ascites.
water cress, 0.5 kilo. orange-peel, 0.2 kilo.
angelica root, 0.1 kilo. cinnamon buds,
0.1 kilo. cardamom, and 0.1 kilo. mace, in
40 litres white wine for twenty-four hours,
and distilling 10 litres. 10 kilo. fresh
horse-radish is pounded intimately with
20 kilo. sugar; sufficient water added to
dissolve, and, after adding the above dis-
tillate, brought to 32 litres. 420 gram.
iodine is now dissolved in 10 litres simple
syrup by gentle heat, and occasional agi-
tation until the syrup becomes colorless,
and added to above syrup, to which is also
added a solution of 8.40 gram. pyrophos-
phate of iron in 17 litres of water and 6
litres of 95 per cent. alcohol. The dose
is a tablespoonful, containing 2 grains
iodine and 4 grains pyroph. iron. It
should be kept excluded from the light.
IODOFORM,
(Teriodide of For-
IODOFORMUM. myl.) A compound
discovered in 1822, and introduced as a
remedy in 1837. It may be obtained by
adding to an alcoholic solution of iodide
of potassium heated to 104° chlorinated
lime in successive portions, stirring after
each addition, until the liquid ceases to
assume a dark-red color. On cooling, a
confused mass of crystals is deposited,
consisting of iodoform and iodate of lime.
By treating these with boiling alcohol of
90 per cent., the iodoform alone is dis-
solved, and the alcoholic solution, as it
cools, deposits the iodoform in crystals;
used in goitre, rickets, scrofula, phthisis,
amenorrhoea, and syphilis.
}
IONIDIUM IPECACUANHA.
species of Ionidium, possessing emetic
properties similar to the officinial ipecac.
IONIDIUM MARCUCCI,
A spe-
IONIDIUM MICROPHYLLUM,cies of
IONIDIUM PARVIFLORUM. Ionidium
growing in Quito, used under the South
American name of Cuichunchulli as a
remedy in elephantiasis.
It possesses
emeto-purgative properties.
IPECACUAN,
The dried root
IPECACUANHA. of Cephaelis ipe-
cacuanha or Callicocca ipecacuunha, a small,
shrubby plant, native of Brazil; it grows
also in New Granada. It is emetic in
large doses, and in small, diaphoretic and
expectorant.
IPECACUANHA
American Ipecacuunha.
SPURGE. See
IPECACUANHA LOZENGES. (Trochisci
Ipecacuanha) Powdered ipecac, half an
IODOHYDRARGYRATE OF PO- ounce; powdered arrowroot, four ounces;
TASSIUM. It has been found that differ-powdered sugar, fourteen ounces. Rub
ent iodides will unite together in different the powders together until they are thor-
proportions, forming compounds called oughly mixed, then with mucilage of
double iodides. These combinations are tragacanth form a mass, to be divided into
received by some as a peculiar kind of troches, each weighing ten grains.
salts, in which one of the iodides performs
IPECACUANHA, PERUVIAN,
the part of an acid, the other of a base. IPECACUANHA, STRIATED.
Iodohydrargyrate of potassium consists of
biniodide of mercury, acting as an acid,
and iodide of potassium as a base-one
equivalent of the former and two of the
}
See Black Ipecacuanha.
IPECACUANHA, WHITE,
IPECACUANHA, UNDULATED.
}
See Amylaceous Ipecacuanha.
IPE
IRO
232
IPECACUAN HIC ACID. A pecu-
liar acid obtained from ipecac. See Ce-
phaëlic Acid.
IPOMEA JALAPA,
IPOMEA MACRORRHIZA,
IPOMA PURGA.
}
See Convolvulus Jalapa.
IPOMÆA TURPETHUM. See Convolvulus
Turpethum.
IRISH MOSS.
See Chondrus.
IRON. (Ferrum.) One of the metal-
lic elements, having the chemical equiva-
lent 28 and density of about 7.8. It is
monometric in crystallization, and of a
white color when pure. It is hard and
very malleable when hot, welding easily
at a high temperature, and oxidizes under
moisture. It is very widely diffused, and
IPOMEA SIMULANS. A new species of the most useful of all the metals.
Ipomea, affording Tampico jalap.
IRIDACEÆ, A family of plants in-
cluding the genera Cro-
IRIDEÆ.
cus and Iris.
IRIDIUM. One of the metallic ele-
ments, having a density of from 19.3 to
21.12, and thus being the heaviest of known
substances. It is found native as an alloy
with osmium in lead-gray scales, rarely
also with platinum. It is very hard and
unmalleable, has not yet been fused-to
the knowledge of the writer-and resists
the action of acids except when alloyed.
Its chemical equivalent is 99. It takes
its name from the iridescence of some of
its solutions.
IRIDIN, An oleoresin obtained from
IRON, ALUM. See Ammonio-ferric
Alum.
IRON, AMMONIO-CITRATE. See Citrate
of Iron and Ammonia.
IRON AMMONIO-TARTRATE. See Ferri
et Ammonix Tartras.
IRON AND ALUMINA SULPHATE. A
double salt prepared by dissolving alu-
mina and carbonate of iron, both recently
precipitated in sulphuric acid, and duly
evaporating the solution. It is said to be
styptic, astringent, and anthelmintic.
IRON AND POTASSA SULPHATE. A salt
prepared in the same manner as Ammonio-
ferric alum, using sulphate of potassa in-
stead of sulphate of ammonia.
IRON AND POTASSA TARTRATE. See
IRISIN. Blue Flag by precipitating a | Ferri et Potassæ Tartras
tincture of the root with water and mix- IRON, BLACK OXIDE. (Ferri Iodidum
ing the precipitate with an equal weight | Nigrum.) A native iron consisting of
of some absorbent powder.
one equivalent of protoxide and one of
IRIN. The crystallizable oil of Iris sesquioxide. The Ferri oxidum magneti-
florentina.
cum consists of this oxide with three
equivalents of water.
IRIS. A genus of bulbous or tuberous
rooted plants, including the Blue Flag.
IRIS FLORENTINA. (Florentine Orris.)
A plant, native of Italy and other parts
of the south of Europe, the root of which
is cathartic and in large doses emetic. It
is occasionally chewed to conceal an offen-
sive breath, and enters into the composi-
tion of tooth powders.
IRIS FŒTIDISSIMA,
IRIS GERMANICA,
IRIS PSEUDO-Acorus,
IRIS TUBERosa.
Species of
Iris, all more
or less acrid,
and possessed
IRON BY HYDROGEN. See Ferri Pulvis.
IRON CARBURET. See Black Lead.
IRON FILINGS. See Ferri Ramenta.
IRON OXALATE. (Protoxalate of Iron.)
A salt prepared by adding a solution of
protosulphate of iron to an excess to a
solution of oxalate of ammonia containing
a little free oxalic acid. A yellow pre-
cipitate is formed, which constitutes the
salt, and which should be well washed and
dried.
IRON PERCHLORIDE.
Iron.
See Chloride of
IRON PLASTER. See Chalybeate Plaster.
IRON, PRESERVATION OF PROTIODIDE
OF. A method of preservation consisting
of cathartic and emetic properties.
IRIS VERSICOLOR. (Blue Flag.) A
species of Iris growing in all parts of the
United States, the root of which possesses
cathartic, emetic, and diuretic properties. in incorporating the salt with gum arabic
IRO
ISO
233
in concentrated solution, evaporating with
a gentle heat, and drying on porcelain
plates, so as to obtain the salt in scales.
These are to be kept in well-stopped
bottles.
IRON, PRESERVATION OF PROTOSUL-
PHATE.
A method same as above.
IRON PROTOXIDE. The base of sul-
phate of iron and of the green salts of
iron generally. It is of a dark-blue color,
attracted by the magnet, and spontane-
ously combustible in the air, being con-
verted into the sesquioxide. It consists
of one equivalent of iron and one of oxy-
gen.
IRON, QUEVENNE's. See Ferri Pulvis.
IRON, RED OXIDE. See Carbonate of
Iron, Precipitated.
IRON, REDUCED. See Ferrum Redac-
tum.
from a variety of Anthemis closely allied
to A. nobilis.
ISINGLASS. (Ichthyocolla.) A semi-
transparent, whitish form of gelatin,
chiefly prepared from the sounds or air-
bladders of various species of sturgeon
found in the rivers of Western Russia, as
the Beluga or Acipenser huso, the Aci-
penser stellatus, the A. guldenstadii, and
others. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not
unfrequently called isinglass.
ISIS NOBILIS. See Coral, Red.
ISOCITRIC ACID. An acid formed
when citric acid in aqueous solution is
treated with sodium amalgam, care being
taken to keep up an acid reaction of the
liquid by the addition of dilute sulphuric
acid.
ISO DULCITE. The saccharine prod-
uct obtained when quercitrin is acted
IRON, SESQUICHLORIDE. See Chloride upon by mineral acids.
of Iron.
ISODULCITIC ACID. An acid com-
IRON, SESQUIOXIDE. See Ferri Peroxi- | posed of С₁₂H10О18, prepared from isodulcit
C 12
dum.
-the saccharine product obtained when
IRON, SUBCARBONATE. See Carbonate quercitrin is acted upon by mineral acids
of Iron, Precipitated.
-by oxidation with nitric acid, as long as
IRON, TARTARATED. See Ferri et Po- nitrous fumes are evolved.
tassa Tartras.
IRON, TARTRATE OF PROTOXIDE. A
preparation formed by acting on clean
iron filings, or bits of iron wire, with a
solution of tartaric acid. It is a pulverulent
salt, insoluble in water, and possessing a
mild chalybeate taste.
ISOLABLE. Capable of being ob-
tained in a pure state; separated from all
other substances.
ISOLATE. To separate from other
substances; to obtain in a pure state.
ISOLOGOUS. Having similar propor-
tions or relations; said of groups of ho-
mologous terms in which the radicals, by
combining with a series of similar ele-
ments, give rise to a series of similar com-
pounds; as, the hydrocarbon group, by its
oxide, chloride, alcohol, &c., is isologous
with the allyl group, which has also its
oxide, chloride, alcohol, and the like,
IRON, TEROXIDE. See Ferric Acid.
IRON WINE. (Vinum Ferri.) Macer-
ate for thirty days in a closed vessel one
ounce of fine iron wire in one pint of
sherry wine. Shake frequently, and filter.
ISATINE. A derivative of indigo blue.
ISATIS TINCTORIA. (Woad, Pas-
tel.) A biennial plant growing in Europe
ISOMALIC ACID. (Pyro-isomalic
The leaves have an acrid, very durable Acid.) An acid discovered in combination
taste, and have been used in jaundice and with silver in the silvering baths of a large
scorbutic affections. The plant is valuable photographic establishment.
It is com-
only as the source of a blue dyestuff called posed of CHO, and is supposed to exist
Woad, which, however, is nearly super-ready formed in the citric acid of com-
seded by indigo.
ISA-TSIN. A Chinese remedy, which
has found its way into European markets.
It is a bitter, aromatic herb, obtained
merce.
6
ISOMERIC. See Isomerism.
ISOMERISM. An identity of elements
and of atomic proportions, with a differ-
ISO
ᎫᎪᏢ
234
ence in the amount combined in the com- maa purga, and Exogonium purga, found
pound molecule and of its essential quali- in Mexico. It has been much used as a
ties; as in the case of the physically un- cathartic.
like compounds of carbon and hydrogen,
consisting, one of one part of each, another
of two parts of each, and a third of four
parts of each.
JALAPIC ACID. An acid formed by
boiling the resin of Convolvulus orizaben-
sis-incorrectly called jalapin—with ba-
ryta water. Both jalapin and jalapic acid
A similarity of are glucosides, being resolved by boiling
crystalline form; as, first, between sub-dilute acid into glucose and a peculiar
ISOMORPHISM.
stances of like composition or atomic pro-
portions, as between arsenic acid and
phosphorous acid, each containing five
equivalents of oxygen; second, between
substance called Jalapinol.
JALAPIN,
J
JALAPINOL. See Julapic Acid.
JAMAICA DOGWOOD. (Piscidia
compounds of unlike composition or atomic | Erythrina.) A powerful narcotic plant
proportions, as between the metal arsenic growing in the West Indies, capable of
and oxide of iron; the rhombohedral angle producing sleep and relieving pain in an
of the former being 85° 41′, of the latter, extraordinary manner.
86° 4/. The first of these are sometimes
distinguished as isomerous or isonomic iso-
morphism, the second as heteromerous or
heteronomic isomorphism.
ISON ANDRA GUTTA. A gutta-rately and carefully in the sun. It is
percha tree.
ISSUE PEAS. Florentine orris root,
in the form of round balls of the size of
a pea, is used by the French for maintain-
ing the discharge from issues, a purpose
for which it is peculiarly adapted. Small
unripe oranges are used for the same pur-
pose.
IVAIN. A yellow substance, of the
consistence of Venice turpentine, a per-
sistent bitter taste, having the composition
C48H4206, obtained from the Achillea mos-
chata.
IVORY BLACK. A fine and intense
black resulting from the carbonization of
ivory. It is much more esteemed than
the ordinary bone-black, but more expen-
sive.
IVRAIE. See Darnel.
IVY. See Hedera Helix.
IVY GUM. A resinous substance ob-
tained from the trunks of old ivy plants
growing in the south of Europe and north
of Africa, formerly used as a stimulant
and emmenagogue.
J.
JAMAICA GINGER. (White Ginger.) A
variety of ginger prepared in Jamaica by
selecting the best roots, depriving them of
their epidermis, and drying them sepa-
believed that a portion of this ginger at
least has been subjected to a bleaching
process, by which both the internal and
external parts are rendered whiter than
the unprepared root.
JAMAICA KINO. See Coccoloba Uvifera.
JAMAICA PEPPER. Allspice, Pimenta.
JAMAICA SARSAPARILLA. (Red Sar-
saparilla.) A variety of sarsaparilla not
materially differing from the Honduras.
It is said to yield a larger proportion of
extract and less starch.
JAMAICINA. A violent purgative,
crystallizable vegetable alkaloid obtained
from cabbage-tree bark.
JAMES'S POWDER. See Antimonial
Powder,
JAMESTOWN WEED. See Datura
Stramoniumт.
JANIPHA MANIHOT. The Cassava
plant. See Cassava.
JAPAN. A peculiar varnish or lacquer,
used in japanning metallic or other ar-
ticles.
JAPAN CAMPHOR. A variety of crude
camphor; called also Dutch and Tub cam-
It was originally obtained from
phor.
JALAP. The root of a plant differ- | Japan, was introduced by the Dutch, and
ently classified as Convolvulus purga, Ipo- | was usually contained in tubs.
JAP
JEL
235
JAPAN LACQUER. A hard, black var-
nish or lacquer used in japanning, ob-
tained from the Stagmaria verniciflua of
the East Indian Archipelago.
JAPAN SAGO. The farinaceous product
of different species of Cycas. It does not
enter into general commerce.
JAPAN VARNISH. A name applied
through mistake to the Ailanthus glandu-
losa, on account of its close resemblance to
a species of sumach which is the true Japan
varnish tree.
JAPAN WAX. A substance imported
into Europe in considerable quantities,
either from Japan direct or through the
Chinese ports.
It is obtained from the
berries of the Rhus succedaneum, and is
said to consist of palmitic oil and glycerin.
It resembles purified beeswax, though not
so white.
An in-
JATAMANSI. (Sumbul, Musk Root.)
A root long used in India, Persia, and
other parts of the East as a perfume, an
incense in religious ceremonies, and medi-
cinally. It has an odor similar to musk.
It is a nervous stimulant, and is the prod-
uct of Sumbulus moschatus.
JATEORRHIZA CALUMBA,
JATEORRHIZA PALMATA.
See Calumba.
JATROPHA CURCAS. See Barba-
does Nuts.
JATROPHA ELASTICA. See Caoutchouc.
JATROPHA MANIHOT.
JATROPHA MULTIFIDA.
See Cassava.
See Curcas
Multifidus.
JATROPHA OIL. The oil obtained from
Barbadoes nuts.
JAVA CARDAMOM. See Amomum
Maximum.
JAPANESE ISINGLASS.
JAVA COFFEE. A kind of coffee highly
appropriate name for a substance recently esteemed in this country. Our chief sup-
brought into the English market, pre-plies are derived from the West Indies
pared from sea-weeds in China and Japan. and South America.
It resembles the carrageenin of Irish.
moss, but has a greater gelatinizing power,
and is used for the same purposes as that
of animal origin.
JAVELLE'S WATER. See Chloride
of Potassa Solution.
JEFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA.
(Twin-leaf.) A small herbaceous, indig-
enous perennial plant, growing in the
Xan-enous
Middle and Western States. The root is
emetic in large doses; tonic and expecto-
rant in small.
JAPANESE PEPPER. The fruit of Xan-
thoxylum alatum, growing in Northern
India and China. Used as a condiment
in Japan and China.
JAPONIC ACID. (Catechuinic Acid.)
A product of the decomposition of catechu,
composed of C₁₂H,O..
JARGONELLE PEAR ESSENCE.
See Acetate of Amylic Ether.
12
JARGONIUM. A new metal, called
also Nigrium, discovered associated with
zirconium.
JASMINE, COMMON WHITE. (Jas-
minum Officinale.) A species of Jasmine,
cultivated in gardens, possessing poisonous
properties. An oil is obtained from the
flowers which is used only as a perfume.
JASMINUM OFFICINALE.
Jasmine, Cornmon White.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORA,
JASMINUM SAMBAC.
}
See
Species of
Jasmi-
num, possessing properties similar to those
of the J. officinale.
JELLY. A viscous or glutinous sub-
stance; something gelatinous; a stiffened
solution of gelatin, gum, or the like, trans-
lucent, and intermediate in condition
between solid and fluid.
A vehicle for the administration of
cod-liver and castor oils, prepared by
taking one ounce of either, half an ounce
each of syrup and honey, two drachms of
gum arabic in powder, forty grains of
Russian isinglass, and six fluid drachms
of orange-flower water. Dissolve the isin-
glass, with the aid of heat, in half an
ounce of the orange-flower water, replacing
the water as it evaporates. Triturate the
other ingredients, with the remainder of
the orange-flower water, into a homoge-
neous mass in a warmed mortar; then add
the hot solution of isinglass. Stir the
JEL
JUJ
236
mixture as it cools, and set it aside to yellow or white fragrant flowers.
gelatinize.
JELLY, VEGETABLE. (Pectin.) A pe-
culiar principle, existing more or less in
all vegetables, characterized by its prop-
erty of gelatinizing.
JERUSALEM CHERRY. The fruit
of the Solanum pseudocapsicum, possessing
poisonous properties. It resembles the
common cherry, and is therefore liable to
be eaten by children.
JERUSALEM OAK. See Chenopodium
Anthelminticum.
JERVINA. (Jervia.) A name for a
vegetable alkali-from the Spanish name
for a poison-obtained from the root of
the white hellebore. Composition C60H46
N₂Of
2
JESSAMINE. See Jasmine.
JESUITS' BARK. Peruvian bark, or
the bark of certain species of Cinchona;
called so because its medicinal properties
were first made known in Europe by
Jesuit missionaries to South America.
JESUITS' DROPS. The Compound Tinc-
ture of Benzoin.
JESUITS' POWDER. A name once ap-
plied to powdered cinchona, from the fact
that it was distributed and sold by the
Jesuits, who are said to have obtained for
it the price of its weight in silver.
JET. A variety of lignite, of a very
compact texture and velvet-black color.
JEW BUSH. A dicotyledonous plant
of the genus Pedilanthus (Pedilanthus
tithymaloides), found in the West Indies,
and possessing powerful emetic and drastic
qualities.
JEWELL WEED. See Balsam Weed.
JEWELL'S HYDROSUBLIMATE
OF MERCURY. See Hydrosublimate of
Mercury.
JEW'S FRANKINCENSE.
styrax or benzoin.
The
root has emetic properties. It is sometimes
called the rush-leaved daffodil.
JORDEN. A pot or vessel formerly
used by chemists, having a neck not much
smaller than the body of the vessel.
JUGLANDACEÆ,
}
A family of
plants to which
JUGLANDEÆ.
the genus Juglans belongs.
JUGLANS,
See
JUGLANS CATHARTICA, } Butter-
JUGLANS CINEREA.
nut.
JUGLANS NIGRA. (Black Walnut.) A
species of Juglans, the leaves of which
possess properties similar to those of the
J. cinerea.
JUGLANS REGIA. (European Walnut.)
A species of Juglans growing in Europe,
the hull of the fruit of which has been
employed as a vermifuge, and has been
recommended in syphilis and old ulcers.
The expressed oil of the fruit has been
used for the expulsion of the tapeworm,
and as a laxative injection. The leaves
have been used in scrofula.
JUICE. (Succus.) The expressed li-
quors of fruits or plants.
JUICE OF BROOM. (Succus Scoparii.)
Bruise in a stone mortar seven pounds of
fresh broom-tops, and press out the juice,
and to every three measures of juice add
one of rectified spirit. Set aside for seven
days, and filter; keep in a cool place. It
is diuretic.
JUICE OF DANDELION. (Succus Tarax-
aci.) Prepare dandelion root in the same
manner directed for juice of broom.
JUICE OF HEMLOCK. (Succus Conii.)
Prepare hemlock-leaves in the same man-
ner directed for juice of broom.
JUJUBÆ. A name given to the stones
of the fruit of Zizyphus vulgaris or Rham-
Gum nus zizyphus, a shrub or small tree grow-
ing on the shores of the Mediterranean,
and cultivated in Italy, Spain, and the
south of France. The fruit is nutritive
and demulcent.
JEW'S PITCH. Asphaltum.
JIMSON. A corruption of Jamestown.
A plant, the Datura stramonium.
JONQUIL,
A bulbous plant of
JONQUILLE. } the genus Narcissus
(Narcissus jonquille), allied to the daffodil.
It has long, lily-like leaves, and spikes of
JUJUBE PASTE. This paste consists
properly of gum arabic and sugar dissolved
in a decoction of the fruit of Zizyphus
vulgaris or Rhamnus zizyphus, and evap-
JUL
KAR
237
Red.
orated to the proper consistence; but it | tops and leaves constitute the savine or
is also prepared under the names of Ice- sabina of commerce; they are highly stim-
land Moss Paste and Marshmallow Paste ulant, having a peculiar direction to the
by heating together eight pounds of gum uterus. In overdoses they are dangerous.
arabic and five pints of water by means of JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA. See Cedar,
steam to 220°, stirring till dissolved, then |
straining forcibly, stirring in twelve
pounds of sugar quickly, and, when dis-
solved, adding the whites of two dozen
eggs, previously well beaten, stirring con-
stantly, and at the same time removing
from the fire. Decoction of marshmallow
or Iceland moss may be used instead of
the water.
JULEP. A sweet drink, especially a
demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous
mixture.
JUNIPER. (Juniper Berries, Junip-
erus.) The fruit of Juniperus communis,
an erect, evergreen shrub, from eight to
fifteen feet high. It is a native of Europe,
and is cultivated in this country. The
tops and berries are stimulant and diu-
retic; the berries are largely consumed in
the manufacture of gin.
JUNIPER CAMPHOR. A camphor formed
by the action of hydrochloric acid on oil
of juniper.
JUNIPERIN. A peculiar resin-like
substance obtained from juniper berries.
JUNIPERS' COMMUNIS.}
See Juniper.
JUNIPERUS DEPRESSA. A species of
Juniperus formerly called J. communis.
It is now considered distinct from that
species, though differing but slightly in
properties.
JUNIPERUS LYCIA. A species of Ju-
niperus, to which was at one time ascribed
the source of the olibanum or frankincense
of the ancients.
JUNIPERUS OXYCEDRUS. A species of
Juniperus growing in the south of France,
the interior reddish wood of which fur-
nishes by distillation the Oil of Cade.
JUNIPERUS SABINA. An evergreen
shrub, from three to fifteen feet high,
native of the south of Europe and the
Levant, and growing wild in the neigh-
borhood of our Northwestern lakes. The
JURUBEBA. A Brazilian name for
a species of Solanum (S. paniculatum),
largely used in South America in affec-
tions of the liver and spleen, catarrh of
the bladder, anæmia, and amenorrhoea.
K.
KÆMPFERIA ROTUNDA. A plant
formerly supposed to be the source of the
round zedoary root.
KALI PURUM. See Caustic Potassa.
KALIUM. See Potassium.
KALMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA. (Sheep
Laurel.) A species of Kalmia possessing
properties similar to those of K. latifolia.
KALMIA GLAUCA. (Swamp Laurel.) A
species of Kalmia possessing properties
similar to those of K. latifolia.
KALMIA LATIFOLIA. See Broad-leaved
Laurel.
KAMALA,
(Rottlera.) The pow-
KAMEELA. der and hairs obtained
from the capsules of Rottlera tinctoria or
Mallotus Philippinensis, a small tree, from
fifteen to twenty feet high, growing in
Hindostan. Kameela is an active pur-
gative in full doses, and has been long
used in India in the treatment of tape-
worm.
KAOLIN. A variety of clay, used for
making porcelain, proceeding from the
decomposition of the mineral feldspar.
This in making porcelain is mingled with
a fusible earthy matter called Petunse.
KARA HISSAR OPIUM. An opium
occurring in ball-shaped cakes, flat at the
bottom, weighing six to eight ounces, and
covered with poppy-leaves and rumex
seed. They are worked handsomely, but
contain a poor percentage of morphia.
KARATAS. A West India plant; a
species of pineapple.
KARPHOLITE.
A mineral of a
straw-yellow color, consisting of silica,
KAR
KIN
238
alumina, and oxide of manganese, with blackish-brown color; then add, yellow
11 per cent. of water.
wax, four ounces; and after this has been
melted and well mixed, camphor, two
drachms, previously dissolved in a little
olive oil. Pour it into suitable boxes, or
KARPHOSIDERITE. A yellow min-
eral, consisting chiefly of the hydrous
phosphate of iron.
KARSTENITE. An anhydrous sul- into paper capsules, to be cut into square
phate of lime; anhydrite.
KASSU. An India title of an inferior
variety of Areca catechu. It is of a black
color, very astringent, and obtained by
evaporating the first decoction of the
areca or betel nut.
KAVA,
KAWA.
} See Ava.
KAWINE. A name proposed for the
acrid resin supposed to be the active prin-
ciple of the kava.
KECKSY. The dry stalk of the hem-
lock and other umbelliferous plants.
KEKUNE OIL. See Belgaum Walnut
Oil.
KELP. The ashes, or dark-colored
fused mass, resulting from the burning of
sea-weeds.
KEMPFERID. A peculiar, crystal-
lizable substance obtained from galangal
root.
cakes when cold.
KHAYA. A genus of plants contain-
ing but a single species (Khaya Senegalen-
sis), found in Western Africa. The bark
is very bitter, and is used by the natives
in cases of fever.
KHENNA. A Persian dye for hair
used in the baths of Constantinople.
KIEW. The true Chinese name for
moxa, which see.
KIKEKUMEMALO.
An American
resin resembling copal, but of very much
greater purity, transparency, and white-
ness. It forms the most beautiful of all
varnishes.
KILDERKIN,
KINDERKIN.
A small barrel; a
liquid measure con-
taining two firkins, or sixteen or eigh-
teen gallons.
}liquid measure con-
KILOGRAM
A French meas-
KILOGRAMME. Jure of weight, be-
KILOGRAMME.}
KENTISH'S OINTMENT. See Lini- ing a thousand grammes, equal to 2.67951
ment of Turpentine.
KERATIN. A name applied to those
principles which form the chief part of
the cell-walls of horn and epithelium.
They contain C50N17S5. By boiling with
dilute sulphuric acid, leucina and tyrosina
are formed.
pounds troy, or 2 20485 pounds avoirdu-
pois (15442.42 grains). It is by law equal
to the weight of a cubic decimeter of dis-
tilled water at the temperature of maxi-
mum density, or 39° Fahrenheit.
KILOLITER,
KILOLITRE. J of capacity, equal to
A French measure
KERMES MINERAL. See Antimonii a cubic metre, or a thousand litres. It is
Oxysulphuretum.
KERONA. A genus of infusoria found
in vegetable infusions, or fresh stagnant
water, which has contained vegetable
matter for some time.
KEROSENE. A liquid hydrocarbon
or oil extracted from bituminous coal, used
for illumination and other purposes.
KESLOP. The stomach of a calf pre-
pared for rennet.
KEYSER'S UNIVERSAL PLAS-
TER. Take of red lead in fine powder,
eight ounces; olive oil, sixteen ounces;
boil them in a proper vessel, with constant
agitation, until the whole has assumed a
equivalent to 35.3166 English, or 35.3105
American cubic feet, and to 220.0967 im-
perial gallons, or 264.14 American gallons
of 231 cubic inches.
KINATE. A salt formed by the union
of kinic acid with a base.
KINATE OF CINCHONIA. See Cinchonia
Kinate.
KINATE OF QUINIA. A combination
said to exist in Peruvian bark, consisting
of quinia combined with kinic acid. It
is soluble in water.
KING'S YELLOW. (Orpiment.) A
native tersulphuret of arsenic, consisting
of one equivalent of metal and three of
}
KIN
KRA
239
sulphur. It is obtained chiefly from Persia
and China. It is chiefly used for the
manufacture of fireworks and as a pigment.
KINIC ACID. (Cinchonic Acid, Quinic
Acid.) An acid of a salt of lime, obtained
from Peruvian bark. It exists in com-
bination with quinine and cinchonia.
KINO. (Quino, East India Kino.) The
inspissated juice of the Pterocarpus mar-
supium and of other plants. It is power-
fully astringent.
KINO, AFRICAN. A variety of kino,
obtained from the Pterocarpus erinaceus,
growing in Senegal and Western Africa.
Its importation from Africa has long
ceased.
KINO, EAST INDIA. See Kino.
KINO, JAMAICA. See Coccoloba Uvifera.
KINO, SOUTH AMERICA. See Caraccas
Kino.
KINO, WEST INDIA. See Coccoloba
Uvifera.
KINOIC ACID. A name given to
the red coloring matter of kino, on account
of its possessing acid properties. It is
similar to, if not identical with, tannic
acid.
KINOÏLE, Į A neuter substance, ob-
KINONE. Štained by the distillation
of a mixture of kinic acid, sulphuric acid,
and deutoxide of manganese. It crystal-
lizes in needles, is of a golden yellow color,
and of a high lustre.
KINOVOTANNIC ACID. An acid
contained in Quinia nova bark, composed
of C14H9Og.
KIRSCH. A name given in Paris to
a cordial made with cherry-laurel water,
in imitation of the genuine cherry cordial,
which is also called Kirsch.
KNOT GRASS. (Polygonum Avicu-
lare.) A mild astringent, formerly em-
ployed as a vulnerary and styptic. It is
a perennial herbaceous plant, growing in
Europe.
KNOT ROOT. See Collinsonia Canadensis.
KNOTTY-ROOTED FIGWORT. See
Figwort.
12
KOMENIC ACID. C₁₂H4010=C14H4
014-2CO2. An acid produced by heating
meconic acid to 390°, or by boiling its
solution with dilute muriatic acid.
KOOSINE. (Koussin.) A name pro-
posed for the active principle of Brayera
or Kooso, when that principle shall have
been determined. The name of Tæniine
has also been proposed for it, from its
supposed relation to the tapeworm.
KOOSO. See Bancksia Abyssinica.
KRAMERIA. (Rhatany, Krameria
Radix.) The root of Krameria triandra,
a shrub, having a spreading root of a
blackish-red color. The name Rhatany, in
the language of the Peruvian Indians, is
said to express the creeping character of
KINO JUICE. The uninspissated juice the plant. It is a native of Peru, and is
of the kino tree, not yet concrete.
KINOL. A volatile principle, obtained
from coal-tar, since found to be identical
with anilin.
KINO-RED A deposit resulting from
the combination of oxygen with kinotan-
nic acid.
gently tonic and powerfully astringent.
KRAMERIA CISTOIDEA. A small shrub,
abounding in the hills of Coquimbo; val-
ued in Chili for its root, which is a substi-
tute for the rhatany root of our materia
medica
KRAMERIA IXINA. (Savanilla Rhatany.)
KINOTANNIC ACID. See Coccotan- A species of Krameria growing in the
nic Acid.
KINOVIC ACID,
KINOVIN,
KINOVIC BITTER.
A substance
found in the
cinchona barks
considered by some an acid and by others
a glucoside. It is white, uncrystallizable,
almost insoluble in water, but readily dis-
solved by alcohol and ether. Called also
rufikinovic acid.
West Indies, affording a root closely anal-
ogous in appearance and properties to that
of K. triandra.
KRAMERIA TRIANDRA. See Krameria.
A family of
plants, to which the Rhatany belongs.
KRAMERIA-TANNIC ACID. (Rha-
tania-tannic Acid.) The tannic acid of
rhatany, separated by treating the ethe-
KRAMERIACE.
KRA
LAC
240
real extract of the bark with alcohol, and | from several trees growing in the West
evaporating the alcoholic solution.
Indies, particularly from Croton laccife-
KRAMERIC ACID. A peculiar acid, rum and two species of Ficus, F. religiosa
obtained from rhatany root.
KREATINE. (Creatin.) A crystal-
lizable substance of organic origin, found
in the muscular tissue of animals.
KREOSOTE. See Creasote.
KRIMEA RHUBARB. An inferior
quality of rhubarb, imported from France.
It is used chiefly to adulterate the better
kinds.
and F. Indica. It is the chief constituent
of sealing-wax.
LAC AMMONIACI.
(Mixture of Ammo-
niac, Milk of Ammoniac, Mistura Ammo-
niaci.) Rub two drachms of ammoniac
with eight ounces of water gradually
added until they are thoroughly mixed,
and strain.
LAC ASAFŒTIDA. (Milk of Asafœt-
ida, Mistura Asafœtida.)
This is pre-
KRYOLITE. See Cryolite.
KUKUI OIL. See Belgaum Walnut pared precisely as the Lac ammoniaci.
Oil.
KUTSCHINA AND SALONIC
OPIUM. Opiums frequently sold for
Gévé opium, which they resemble very
closely in every respect. They are types
of Anatolia and Macedonian opium.
L.
LABARRAQUE'S DISINFECTING
LIQUID. See Chloride of Soda Solution
LABDANUM. (Ladanum.) A resi-
nous substance, said to be a stimulant
expectorant, formerly given in catarrhal
and dysenteric affections, and was also
used in fumigation. It is at present used
only in plasters, and seldom for that pur-
pose. It is obtained from Cistus creticus,
which see.
LABIATE. An order of plants, which
includes among its members the genera
Mentha, Lycopus, Salvia, Pogogyne, Pogo-
stemon, Scutellaria, Audibertia, Marru-
bium, Stachys, and Micromeria.
LAC SULPHURIS. See Precipitated Sul-
phur.
LACCA IN PLACENTIS. (Cake Lac,
Lump Lac.) A rare variety of lac, in the
form of cakes or lumps.
LACCIN. A peculiar principle, in-
soluble in water, ether, or alcohol, obtained
from lac.
LACHRYMA SCAMMONII. A kind
of scammony sold in London, consisting
of the genuine juice mixed with a portion
scraped from the cut surface of the root
and calcareous earth.
LACMUS. (Litmus, Turnsole, Tourne-
sol, Orseille.) A peculiar coloring matter,
derived from Roccella tinctoria, and other
lichens, prepared chiefly in Holland. Its
chief use in medicine is as a test of acids
and alkalies. It is reddened by acids,
and restored to its original color by alka-
lies.
LACTATE. A salt formed by the
union of lactic acid with a base.
LACTATE OF IRON. See Ferri Lactas.
LACTATE OF LIME. A salt formed in
the process of the preparation of lactic
acid.
LABRADOR TEA. (Ledum Latifo-
lium.) A species of Ledum, native of
North America, growing in Canada and
the northern parts of the United States. LACTATE OF MANGANESE. A prepara-
The leaves are said to be tonic and pec- tion recommended, in conjunction with
toral, and to have been used as a substitute | lactate of iron, as a remedy in chlorosis.
for tea during the war of independence.
LABURNIC ACID. An acid obtained
from laburnum.
LABURNIN. A neuter, bitter prin-
ciple, obtained from laburnum.
LABURNUM. See Cytisus Laburnum.
LAC. A resinous substance obtained
LACTATE OF QUINIA. A salt prepared
by saturating a solution of lactic acid with
quinine, and evaporating the solution.
LACTATE OF ZINC. (Zinci Lactas.) A
salt prepared by first obtaining lactate of
potassa by double decomposition between
lactate of lime and carbonate of potassa,
LAC
LAM
241
and then adding the solution of the alka-
line lactate, filtered from the carbonate of
lime to one of acetate of zinc. By a new
double decomposition lactate of zinc is
deposited in crystals, and acetate of po-
tassa remains in solution. It is used as a
remedy in epilepsy.
LACTIC ACID. A limpid, syrupy li-
quid, colorless, or of a pale wine color, of
a slight, not unpleasant, odor, and a very
sour taste. It is used in certain forms of
dyspepsia, and for the removal of phos-
phatic deposits in the urine.
LACTIDE. A name proposed for
concrete lactic acid, resulting from the
exposure of lactic acid to a heat of 480°.
LACTIN,
LACTOSE.
LACTUCA. (Lettuce.) The flowering
herb of Lactuca virosa.
See Saccharum Lactis.
LACTUCA ALTISSIMA. A species of
Lactuca possessing valuable narcotic pro-
perties.
|
then treating the insoluble residue several
times with hot alcohol, allowing the alco-
holic solution to evaporate slowly, wash-
ing the yellowish substance thus procured
with water, and purifying it by re-solution
in alcohol and crystallization.
LACTUCIC ACID. An acid of diffi-
cult crystallization, obtained from the
bitter extract of lactucarium. It is strongly
bitter, of an acid reaction, and readily
soluble in water and alcohol.
LACTUCIN. The supposed active
principle of lactucarium.
LACTUCOPICRIN. A brown, amor-
phous, very bitter principle, of the com-
position C4H2O2, obtained from the juice
of Lactuca sativa.
44 32
LADANUM. See Labdanum.
LADIES' MANTLE. See Alchemilla
Vulgaris.
LADIES' SLIPPER. See Cypripedium.
LADY WEBSTER'S PILLS. See
Dinner Pills.
LEVO-TARTARIC ACID. An acid
formed by the combination of racemic
acid with certain organic alkalies. It
forms a distinct salt with the alkali, and
has the power of turning the plane of
LAKE WATER. Water that cannot
be characterized as having any invariable
qualities. That of most of the lakes in
this country is pure and wholesome.
LACTUCA ELONGATA. (Wild Lettuce.)
A species of Lactuca, similar to L. altis-
sima, said to act as an anodyne, and to
promote the secretion from the skin and
kidneys.
LACTUCA SATIVA. (Garden Lettuce.) polarization to the left.
An annual plant, cultivated in all parts
of the world; the inspissated juice of
which, exposed to the air, constitutes the
Lactucarium of our Pharmacopœia.
LACTUCA SCARIOLA. A European spe-
cies of Lactuca, possessing properties simi-
lar to those of L. virosa.
LAKES. Compounds of vegetable or
animal coloring principles with alumina
or other metallic oxide; they are usually
obtained by adding alum or bichloride of
tin to the solution of the coloring matter
in water, and precipitating by means of
LACTUCA VIROSA. (Acrid or Strong-
scented Lettuce.) The supposed parent of
all the cultivated Lactucarium plants. It
has a strong, disagreeable smell, like that an alkali.
of opium, and a bitterish, acrid taste.
LAMELLAR. Composed of thin
BULBOSA. A sea-
weed containing a considerable quantity
of iodine.
LACTUCARIUM. The concrete juice | plates.
of Lactuca sativa. In color, taste, and LAMINARIA
smell it bears considerable resemblance to
opium, and is said to produce similar
effects. It is regarded as a sedative nar-
cotic, gently laxative, powerfully diuretic,
and somewhat diaphoretic.
LACTUCERIN, A peculiar prin-
LACTUCONE. ciple obtained from
lactucarium by exhausting it with water,
LAMINARIA DIGITATA. (Sea-girdles or
Tangles.) A deep-water sea-weed, rich in
iodine. The stems are used for making
bougies.
A deep-
LAMINARIA SACCHARINUM.
water sea-weed rich in iodine.
16
LAM
LAU
242
LAMPBLACK. A fine soot formed
by the condensation of the smoke of burn-
ing resinous substances.
Ext.
LARKSPUR. See Delphinium.
LARTIGUE'S GOUT PILLS.
colocynth comp., ziss., gr vi; ext. col-
LANA PHILOSOPHICA. (Pompho-chici acet., gr. x; ext. digitalis, gr. v.
lix, Nihil Album, Flowers of Zinc.) Names
formerly applied to oxide of zinc when
prepared by combustion.
LANCASTER BLACK DROP.
(Quaker's Black Drop.) An old prepara-
tion of opium, for which the present offi-
cinal vinegar of opium is a substitute.
LANCEOLATE. Oblong and gradu-
ally tapering toward the outer extremity,
as a lanceolate leaf.
LANTHANUM. A dyad metal, whose
atomic weight is 45, and that of its oxide 53.
LAPATHIN. A synonym of chryso-
phanic acid.
LAPILLA CANCRORUM.
Crabs' Eyes.
Make twenty-four pills; two for a dose.
LATUA VENENOSA. A plant de-
scribed as a questionable species of Solana-
ceœ, and as highly poisonous. It appears
to contain a resin.
LAUDANUM. See Tincture of Opium.
LAUDANUM, ROUSSEAU'S. A tincture
of opium made with very weak alcohol, and
of about the strength of wine of opium.
LAUDANUM, SYDENHAM'S. A prepara-
tion corresponding with wine of opium,
from which it differs only in containing a
drachm of saffron.
LAUGHING GAS. (Nitrous Oxide)
See Nitrous oxide, or protoxide of nitrogen,
called laughing gas, from the exhilaration
LAPIS BEZOAR OCCIDENTALIS. and laughter which it ordinarily produces
See Bezoar.
LAPIS CALAMINARIS. See Calamina.
LAPIS DIVINUS. See Cuprum Alumi-
natum.
LAPIS INFERNALIS. See Argenti Nitras
Fusa.
LAPIS LAZULI. (Lazulite.) A mineral
of Siberia, from which ultramarine blue
was formerly obtained.
LAPPA,
LAPPA MAJOR,
LAPPA MINOR.
See Burdock.
LARCH BARK. The inner bark of
the European larch. It possesses astrin-
gent and gently stimulant properties.
LARCH, EUROPEAN. (Abies Larix.) A
large tree of Siberia, Switzerland, Ger-
many, and France.
LARD. See Adeps.
when inhaled. It consists of one equiva-
lent each of nitrogen and oxygen. It is
a general stimulant, with a special direc-
tion to the brain and nervous system.
LAURACEÆ. An order of plants to
which the genus Oreodaphne belongs.
LAUREL. See Broad-leaved Laurel.
LAURIC ACID. An acid obtained
by the saponification of the fatty part of
croton oil.
32
LAURIN. An acrid bitter principle,
of the composition C₁₂H150, soluble in hot
alcohol and ether, and obtained from the
leaves of Laurus nobilis.
LAURINEÆ. A family of plants in-
cluding the genus Cinnamomum.
LAURINIC ACID.
(Laurostearic
Acid.) An acid contained in the fruit of
Laurus nobilis, cocoanut oil, pichurim
LARGE-FLOWERING SPURGE. beans, and in spermaceti, composed of C24
See Euphorbia Corollata.
LARIX CEDRUS. A tree growing
on Mount Lebanon, which yields a species
of manna.
LARIX EUROPEA. See Larch, European.
LARIXINE,
A peculiar
LARIXINIC ACID, } volatile princi-
ple, possessing feeble acid properties, ob-
tained from the bark of the European
larch.
H2O4
4'
LAUROCERASI FOLIA. See Cera-
sus Laurocerasus.
LAURUS BENZOIN. See Benzoin
Odoriferum.
LAURUS CAMPHORA. See Camphor.
LAURUS CASSIA,
See Cinna-
LAURUS CINNAMOMUM. momum.
LAURUS CULILAWAN. See Cinnamo-
mum Culilawan.
LAU
LEA
243
LAURUS NOBILIS. The bay tree; it is
a native of the countries bordering on the
Mediterranean. Its leaves, berries, and
oil, expressed from the latter, are excitant
and narcotic.
on the protoxide of lead. It is used ex-
ternally in the treatment of excoriated
surfaces, and for the preparation of the
iodide of lead.
LEAD, OXIDE. (Plumbi Oxidum, Lith-
LAURUS PICHURIM. See Aydendron arge, Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum, Lith-
Laurel.
LAURUS SASSAFRAS. (Sassafras Offi-
cinale.) An indigenous tree of middling
size, common throughout the United
States, the bark of the root of which is
stimulant, and perhaps diuretic.
LAVANDULA. (Lavender.) The
flowers of Lavandula vera, Common lavender
or Narrow-leaved lavender, a small shrub,
two or three feet high, native of Southern
Europe, and cultivated in our gardens.
Lavandula spica, Spike lavender, or Broad-
leaved lavender, formerly included two dis-
tinct species, which were considered as va-
rieties only of the same plant; this variety
is scarcely cultivated in this country:
Lavender is an aromatic stimulant and
tonic, and the products obtained by its
distillation are much used in perfumery.
LAVANDULA SPICA,
LAVANDULA VERA,
LAVENDER.
See Lavandula.
LAVENDER WATER. (Spiritus La-
vandulæ, Spirit of Lavender.) Mix twenty
four ounces of lavender flowers with eight
pints of alcohol and two of water, and
with a regulated heat distil eight pints.
LAWSONIA INERMIS. See Henna.
LAXATIVE. A medicine that relaxes
the bowels; a gentle purgative.
LAZULITE. See Lapis Lazuli.
LEAD. (Plumbum.) A metal occur-
ring in nature as an oxide, as a sulphuret
called galena, and in saline combination,
forming the native sulphate, phosphate,
carbonate, chromate, molybdate, tungstate,
and arseniate of lead. Galena is the ore
from which nearly all the lead of com-
merce is extracted.
LEAD, DIOXIDE. An oxide of lead,
consisting of two equivalents of lead and
one of oxygen.
LEAD, NITRATE. (Plumbi Nitras, Ni-
trate de Plomb, Plumbum Nitricum.) A
salt formed by the action of nitric acid
argyrum.) Almost all the litharge of
commerce is obtained as a secondary prod-
uct in the process for extracting silver
from argentiferous galenas. When pro-
toxide of lead is rendered semi-crystalline
by incomplete fusion, it becomes the semi-
vitrified oxide of lead, or litharge. It is
never used internally.
LEAD PLANT. A low, leguminous
plant, of the genus Amorpha (A. canescens),
found in the Northwestern States, where
its presence is supposed to indicate lead ore.
LEAD PLASTER. See Emplastrum Lith-
argyri.
oxide of lead obtained on a large scale by
LEAD, PROTOXIDE. (Massicot.) An
exposing melted lead to the action of the
air, from which it absorbs oxygen.
LEAD, RED,
\ (Minium, Plum-
Plum-
LEAD, RED OXIDE. bi Oxidum Ru-
brum.) A preparation of lead used chiefly
as a paint and in the manufacture of flint
glass. When exposed to heat it gives off
oxygen, and is reduced to the protoxide.
LEAD, SACCHARATE. (Plumbi Saccha-
ras, Oxalhydrate of Lead) A salt com-
posed of saccharic acid and protoxide of
lead, formed by saturating a solution of
the former in water by freshly-precipitated
carbonate of lead, gradually added. The
saccharate of lead falls, in the form of a
white powder. It has been used as a
solvent in urinary calculi.
LEAD, SEMIVITRIFIED OXIDE. See
Lead, Oxide.
LEAD, SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE.
(Goulard's Extract, Liquor Plumbi Sub-
acetatis.) Boil one pound of acetate of
lead and nine ounces and a half of pow-
dered litharge, with four pints of distilled
water, in a glass or porcelain vessel, for
half an hour, occasionally adding distilled
water to preserve the measure, and filter
through paper. It is astringent and
LEA
LEO
244
sedative, but employed only as an external | alus (twelve species), Cercis, and Picker-
application.
LEAD, SUGAR. See Acetate of Lead.
LEAD, TANNATE. See Plumbi Tannas.
LEAD WATER. See Diluted Solution of
Subacetate of Lead.
LEAD, WHITE. See Carbonate of Lead.
LEADWORT. See Dentelaire.
LEATHER FLOWER. See Clematis
Viorna.
ingia.
LEGUMINOUS. Bearing legumes, as
seed-vessels; related to plants bearing
legumes, as pease.
LEECH. See Hirudo.
LEEK. See Allium Porrum.
LEE'S NEW LONDON PILLS.
Pills composed of aloes, scammony, gam-
boge, calomel, jalap, soap, and syrup of
LEATHERWOOD. See Dirca Palus- buckthorn.
tris.
LECANORA. A genus of Lichens.
LECANORA TARTAREA. (Tartarean
Moss.) One of the species of Lichen from
which litmus is obtained.
LECANORIC ACID. One of the
principles upon which the valuable prop-
erties of those plants which furnish litmus
depend.
LECCA GUM. A kind of gum ob-
tained from the olive tree. So called from
Lecca, in Calabria.
LECITHIN. A substance resolvable,
under the influence of baryta water, into
fatty acids and phosphoglyceric acid. It
is obtained from ox-bile.
LEDITANNIC ACID. An acid com-
posed of C₁HO+3HO, contained in
Ledum palustre.
LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING
FLUID. A preparation formed by dis-
solving a drachm of nitrate of lead in an
ounce of water.
LEE'S WINDHAM PILLS. Pills com-
posed of gamboge, aloes, soap, and nitrate
of potassa.
LEMNIAN. Of or pertaining to the
Isle of Lemnos.
An
LEMNIAN BOLE. See Bole.
LEMNIAN EARTH. (Sphragide.)
aluminous earth, of a grayish-yellow color.
It was formerly made into cakes, stamped
with a seal, and sold as a medicine having
astringent properties.
LEMON-JUICE. (Limonis Succus.)
The juice of the fruit of Citrus limonum.
LEMON PEEL. (Limonis Cortex.) The
rind of the fruit of Citrus limonum.
LEMON SYRUP. (Syrupus Limonis.)
Mix one pint of lemon-juice with one
pint of water, add forty-eight ounces of
coarsely-powdered sugar, and dissolve it
with gentle heat, and strain while hot.
LEMONS. (Limones.) The fruit of
Citrus limonum.
LENITIVE. A medicine or applica-
LEDUM LATIFOLIUM. See Labra- tion that has the quality of easing pain;
dor Tea.
that which softens or mitigates; a mild
purgative; a laxative.
Ledum PalusTRE. (Marsh Tea, Ros-
marinus Sylvestris.)
A small evergreen
shrub, growing in wet places in Europe,
Asia, and America. The leaves have a
balsamic odor, an aromatic taste, and are
thought to possess narcotic properties.
LEGUMINE. A principle obtained
from the seeds of papilionaceous plants;
vegetable caseine.
LENITIVE ELECTUARY. See Confectio
Sennæ.
LENTISK. The Pistacia lentiscus or
mastic tree.
LEONTICE THALICTROIDES. See
Caulophyllum Thalictroides.
LEONTODON TARAXACUM. See
Dandelion.
LEGUMINOSÆ. A large family of LEONURUS CARDIACA. (Common
plants, among the members of which are | Motherwort.) A perennial, labiate herb,
found the genera Acacia, Cassia, Copaifera, growing wild in this country, thought to
Prosopis, Ferreira, Senna, Physostigma, have some influence over the uterine
Periandra, Myroxylon, Vicia, Indigofera, functions.
Glycyrrhiza, Melilotus, Psoralea, Astrag-
LEOPARD CROWN BARK: A name
LEO
LIG
245
given to a species of Peruvian bark, from
its spotted appearance.
er's.
LIATRIS ODORATISSIMA. A plant
growing in North Carolina, the leaves of
LEOPARD'S BANE. See Arnica Flow- which exude a crystalline substance iden-
LEPIDINA. A colorless oil, of the
composition C20H,N, formed by the action
of potassa on cinchonia.
LEPIDIUM. A genus of herbaceous
plants, most of the species of which have
a hot, biting taste.
LEPIDOLITE. A mineral, one of the
sources from which carbonate of lithia is
obtained.
LEPRA MERCURIALIS. A pecu-
liar eruption of the skin produced by the
use of mercury.
LEPTANDRA,
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.}
See Culver's Root.
LEPTANDRA PURPUREA. A variety of
Leptandra, similar to the L. Virginica.
LEPTANDRIN. The active principle
of Culver's root, which see.
LETTUCE. See Lactuca.
LETTUCE, ACRID. See Lactuca Virosa.
LETTUCE, OPIUM. A name sometimes
applied to lettuce, from its resemblance to
opium.
LETTUCE, STRONG-SCENTED. See Lac-
tuca Virosa.
tical with coumarin.
LIATRIS SCARIOSA,
Species of Lia-
LIATRIS SQUARROSA. tris growing in
tris growing in
Virginia, Kentucky, and the Carolinas,
whose roots are known as Rattlesnake's
master, being employed to cure the bite
of that snake.
LIATRIS SPICATA. See Gay Feather.
LIBERTIA IXIOIDES. A plant
called in Chili Calle-calle, an infusion of
the roots of which acts as a purgative and
diuretic.
LICHEN. One of an order of cellular,
flowerless plants, having no distinction of
leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded,
frond-like forms, but sometimes imitating
the forms of branches of trees. They de-
rive their nourishment from the air, and
generate by means of spores. The species
are very widely distributed, and form ir-
regular spots or patches, usually of a
greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks,
trees, and various bodies, to which they
adhere with great tenacity. They are often
improperly called Rock moss or Tree moss.
LICHEN ISLANDICUS. See Cetraria Is-
landica.
LICHENES. An order of cryptogamic
plants, of which the Parmelia or Patellaria
is a genus.
LETTUCE, WILD. See Lactuca Elongata.
LEUCINE. (Leucina.) A peculiar,
white, pulverulent substance, obtained
from fibrin by the action of dilute sul- LICHENIN. A principle resembling
phuric acid. See Kreatine.
starch in some particulars, obtained from
| Irish moss.
LEUCOL. A volatile principle, said
to be identical with cinchonin, obtained
from coal tar.
LICHSTEARIC ACID. A substance
resembling the fatty acids, obtained from
LEVANT WORMSEED. See San- cetrarin.
tonica.
LEVIGATION. (Porphyrization.) The
act or operation of levigating or rubbing
a solid substance to a fine, impalpable
powder.
LEVULOSE. See Chulariose.
LEYDEN JAR. A glass jar or bottle
used to accumulate electricity. It is coated
with tin foil, within and without, nearly
to its top, and is surmounted by a brass
knob for the purpose of charging it with
electricity.
LICORICE. The extract of the root
of Glycyrrhiza glabra. See Glycyrrhiza.
LIFE EVERLASTING. See Anten-
naria Margaritacea.
LIGHT CARBONATE OF MAGNE-
SIA. (Magnesia Carbonas Lævis.) A
light powder of magnesia, partly amor-
phous.
LIGHT JALAP. See Convolvulus Oriza-
bensis.
LIGHT MAGNESIA. (Magnesia Lævis.)
Carbonate of magnesia exposed to a red
LIG
LIM
246
heat for two hours, or until the carbonic A shrub, growing wild in Europe and this
acid is entirely expelled.
country. The leaves are astringent; the
flowers have been used in sore throat; the
berries are purgative, and have been used
in dyeing. They are also said to be poi-
sonous in large doses.
LIGHT OIL OF TAR. A name given to
the condensation of the more volatile
principles, which first come over in the
distillation of coal tar.
LIGHT OIL OF WINE. See Ethereal Oil.
LIGNEOUS.
Made of wood; consist-
ing of wood; resembling wood.
LIGNINE. An essential constituent
of the ligneous fibre in plants. This fibre
consists of lignine and cellulose, with
various impurities, and is composed, like
starch, of carbon and the constituents of
water.
LIGNITE. Mineral coal, retaining the
texture of the wood from which it was
formed, and burning with an empyreu-
matic odor. It is of more recent origin
than the anthracite bituminous coal of the
proper coal series.
LIGNOSE. A name given to an in-
soluble matter, composed of C18H3011
formed as one of the products resulting
from boiling pine wood with chlorohydric
acid.
LIGNUM COLUBRINUM. A bitter
wood used by the ancients in intermittent
fever, now thought to be the wood of the
strychnos nux vomica.
LIGNUM VITE. A common name for
the wood of the Guaiacum officinale, on
account of its long-supposed extraordi-
nary remedial powers.
LIGULIN. The coloring principle of
Lovage.
LIGUSTICUM
LEVISTICUM.
LILAC, COMMON. (Syringa Vul-
garis.) A common garden plant, the
leaves of which and fruit have been used
as a tonic and febrifuge.
LILIACEÆ. A family of plants of
which the genera Pharmimum, Trillium,
Veratrum, Anticlea, Lilium, Erythro-
nium, Smilacina, Camassia, Chlorogalum,
and Allium, are members.
LILIACIN. The bitter principle of
the common lilac.
(Tiger
LILIUM BULBIFERUM.
which is said to be poisonous.
Lily.) A species of lily, the pollen of
LILIUM CANDIDUM. (Common White
Lily.) A well-known plant, cultivated in
gardens, the bulb of which contains much
mucilage, and in its recent state has been
employed with advantage in dropsy. It
makes a good poultice.
LILY, COMMON WHITE.
Lilium Candidum.
See
LILY OF THE VALLEY. See Convallaria
Majalis.
LIMA BARK. (Huanuco Bark.) A
pale species of Peruvian bark, called Lima
bark, because taken to that city for dis-
tribution, and Huanuco bark, from its
place of collection.
LIMATURA FERRI.
LIME. See Calc.
(Lovage) An umbelliferous plant, grow-ings.
ing wild in the south of Europe, and cul-
tivated in gardens. The medical proper-
ties of the leaves are closely analogous to
those of Angelica. It is a stimulant aro-
matic, and has been used as a carminative,
diaphoretic, and emmenagogue.
LIGUSTRIN. A peculiar substance
found in the bark of Ligustrum vulgare.
LIGUSTROPICRIN. A neutral or-
ganic principle, obtained from the bark of
Ligustrum vulgare, identical with Syrin-
gopicrin.
See Iron Fil-
LIME. A fruit allied to the lemon, but
smaller, and more intensely sour. It is
produced by the Citrus limetta or C. acris,
which see.
LIME, CHLORIDE. See Calcis Chloridum.
LIME, CHLORINATED. See Calcis Chlo-
ridum.
LIME, HYDRATE. See Calcis Hydras.
LIME, HYDROCHLORATE. See Calcio
Chloridum.
LIME, HYDROSULPHATE. See Calcio
LIGUSTRUM VULGARE. (Privet.) | Sulphuretum.
LIM
LIN
247
LIME, HYPOCHLORITE. See Calcis Chlo-
ridum.
LIME LINIMENT. (Linimentum Calcis.)
Mix eight fluid ounces of solution of lime
with seven troy ounces of flaxseed oil.
LIME, MURIATE. See Calcii Chloridum.
LIME OINTMENT. An ointment made
by incorporating four parts of washed
slaked lime with one part of fresh lard,
and three parts of olive oil, previously
warmed, together
LINARIA VULGARIS. See Antir-
rhinum Linaria.
LINCTUS,
}
Medicine taken by
LINCTURE. J licking with the tongue.
LING. See Gadus Molva.
LINI FARINA. See Flaxseed Meal.
LINI OLEUM. See Flaxseed Oil.
LINI SEMINA. See Flaxseed.
LINIMENT. See Embrocation.
LINIMENT OF ACONITE. (Linimentum
LIME, PHOSPHATE. See Calcis Phos- Aconiti.) Add one ounce of camphor to
phas Precipitata.
a pint of tincture of aconite, made from
LIME, PRECIPITATED CARBONATE. See twenty ounces of coarsely-powdered aco-
Calcis Carbonus Precipitata.
nite root by maceration and percolation
LIME, PRECIPITATED PHOSPHATE. See with rectified spirit.
Calcis Phosphas Precipitata.
LIME, SACCHARATE. (Syrup of Lime.)
A preparation made by saturating pure
syrup with lime and filtering. The sugar
forms a soluble compound with the lime,
large quantities of which are dissolved by
the syrup.
It has a decidedly alkaline
and caustic taste, and should be largely
diluted before administration.
LINIMENT OF AMMONIA. (Linimentum
Ammonia, Volatile Liniment.) Mix one
ounce of water of ammonia with two
ounces of olive oil.
LINIMENT OF BELLADONNA. This is
prepared from belladonna root precisely
in the same manner as liniment of aconite
is from aconite root.
LINIMENT OF CAMPHOR. Dissolve three
LIME, SOLUTION OF CHLORINATED. See ounces of camphor in twelve ounces of
Liquor Calcis Chloratæ.
LIME, SOLUTION OF MURIATE. See
Liquor Calcii Chloridi.
LIME, SULPHATE. See Calcis Sulphas.
LIME SYRUP. See Lime, Saccharate.
LIME, SYRUP OF PHOSPHATE. Mix one
ounce of the precipitated phosphate of
lime with a fluid ounce of water, add a
half fluid ounce of muriatic acid, filter
the resulting solution, add to it six fluid
ounces of water and enough sugar to make
twelve ounces of syrup, and strain.
42
LIME-WATER. (Aqua Calcis, Liquor
Calcis, Solution of Lime.) See Aqua Calcis.
LIMONIN. A neutral principle ob-
tained from the seeds of Citrus limonum
and C. aurantium by the action of alcohol.
Its composition is C2H2013; it is crystal-
line and bitter.
LIMONIS CORTEX. Lemon-peel.
LIMONIS OLEUM. Oil of lemon.
LIMONIS SUCCUs. Lemon-juice.
LIMPID. Clear; transparent.
LINACEÆ. A family of which the
genus Linum is a member.
olive oil.
LINIMENT OF CAMPHOR, COMPOUND.
See Camphor Liniment, Compound.
LINIMENT OF CANTHARIDES. See Blis-
tering Liquid.
LINIMENT OF CHLOROFORM. Mix three
troy ounces of purified chloroform with
four troy ounces of olive oil.
LINIMENT OF CROTON OIL. (Lini-
mentum Crotonis ) Mix together one
fluid ounce of croton oil and three fluid
ounces and a half each of oil of cajuput
and rectified spirit.
LINIMENT OF IODIDE OF POTASSIUM
AND SOAP. (Linimentum Potassii Iodidi
cum Sapone.) Dissolve one ounce of hard
soap, cut in pieces, in seven ounces of
water, by the heat of a water-bath, dis-
solve one ounce each of iodide of potassium
and glycerin in three ounces of water, and
mix the two solutions. When the mixture
is cold, add one drachm of oil of lemon,
and mix the whole thoroughly.
LINIMENT OF IODINE. (Linimentum
Iodi.) Dissolve ten drachms of iodine, four
LIN
LIQ
248
of iodide of potassium, and two of cam-
phor, in ten fluid ounces of rectified spirit.
LINIMENT OF MERCURY. (Linimentum
Hydrargyri, Mercurial Liniment.) Li-
quefy one ounce of ointment of mercury
in one ounce of liniment of camphor, with
a gentle heat, then add one ounce of so- |
lution of ammonia, gradually, and mix
with agitation.
LINIMENT OF OPIUM. See Anodyne
Liniment.
LINIMENT OF SOAP, CAMPHORATED.
(Opodeldoc.) Digest three ounces of sliced
common soap with a pint of alcohol until
dissolved (by means of a sand-bath); then
add an ounce of camphor and a fluid
drachm each of oils of rosemary and orig-
anum, and, when dissolved, pour in a
wide-mouthed bottle.
orders upon the pistils; the artificial or
sexual system.
LINOLEUM. A product from the
oxidation of linseed oil by the absorption
of oxygen, in combination with resinous
gums and other ingredients, to form a
plastic mass. It is used for almost all
the purposes as India rubber.
LINSEED. See Flax.
LINSEED CAKE. The solid mass or
cake which remains when oil is expressed
from flaxseed. It enters largely into the
various horse-powders of commerce.
LINSEED MEAL. See Flax.
LINSEED OIL. See Flaxseed Oil.
LINSEED POULTICE. See Cataplasma
Lini.
LINT. Linen made soft and fleecy by
various mechanical processes, so as to
LINIMENT OF TURPENTINE. (Kentish's render it suitable for the dressing of
Ointment, Linimentum Terebinthina.) wounds.
Melt twelve troy ounces of resin cerate,
and add to it a half pint of oil of turpen-
tine, and mix them.
LINIMENT OF TURPENTINE AND ACETIC
ACID. (Linimentum Terebinthinæ Aceti-
cum.) Mix one fluid ounce each of oil of
turpentine, acetic acid, and liniment of
camphor together.
LINIMENT, VOLATILE. See Liniment
of Ammonia.
LINUM. Flaxseed.
LINUM CATHARTICUM. See Flax, Purg-
ing.
LINUM USITATISSIMUM. See Flax.
LION'S FOOT. (Prenanthes Serpen-
taria.) A perennial, indigenous herb,
growing in Virginia and North Carolina,
said to be an efficient remedy for the bite
of poisonous serpents. It is considered by
some a variety of Prenanthes alba.
LIQUABLE. Capable of being melted.
LIQUATE. To separate, as a more
fusible from a less fusible material, by so
LINIMENTUM ÆRUGINIS. (Mel
Egyptiacum.) An old preparation, made
by dissolving an ounce of verdigris in
seven fluid ounces of vinegar, and strain-regulating the temperature that the for-
mer may be run off from the latter.
ing through linen; then gradually adding
fourteen ounces of honey, and boiling
down to a proper consistence. It is an
external stimulant and escharotic.
LINIMENTUM ArcÆI. See Ointment of
Elemi.
LINIMENTUM CALCIS. See Lime Lini-
ment.
LININ. The peculiar drastic principle
of Linum catharticum or Purging flax.
LINNEAN,} Pertaining to Lin-
LIQUEFACIENT. A medicine which
solid depositions, as mercury, iodine, &c.
seems to have the power of liquefying
LIQUEUR. A delicate preparation of
distilled spirits, usually flavored with
fruits, spices, and various aromatic sub-
stances.
LIQUID. A substance whose parts
change their relative position on the
slightest pressure, and therefore retain no
definite form; any substance in the state
LINNEAN. næus, the celebrated of liquidity; a fluid that is not aeriform.
botanist. Linnæan system is that system. Liquid and fluid are terms often used
of botany in which the classes are founded synonymously, but fluid has the broader
upon the number of stamens, and the signification. All liquids are fluids, but
LIQ
LIQ
249
many fluids, as air and the gases, are not
liquids.
LIQUIDAMBAR.
Styraciflua.
See Liquidambar
LIQUIDAMBAR ALTINGIA. A tree in
India, said to exude a balsam resembling
liquid storax.
LIQUIDAMBAR ORIENTALE. The Orien-
tal sweet gum tree; it is a native of Asia
Minor, from which a variety of the drug
called Liquid Storax is obtained. It is from
thirty to forty feet high, with palmate
leaves.
(Sweet
LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA.
Gum) A tree growing in different parts
of this country, which sometimes attains
a great magnitude. It exudes a balsamic
juice from its trunk when wounded, called
Liquidambar or Copalm balsam, and some-
times, though erroneously, Liquid Storax.
It has been employed for the same purpose
as storax.
LIQUID STORAX. (Prepared Storax.)
A balsamic juice obtained from Liquid-
ambar Orientale or Oriental sweet gum.
It is a stimulating expectorant, and was
formerly much used in asthma, catarrh,
and like complaints.
LIQUOR ANTIMONII TERCHLORIDI. See
Liquor Antimonii Chloridi.
LIQUOR ARSENICALIS. See Arsenical
Solution.
LIQUOR ARSENICI CHLORIDI. See Ar-
senical Solution, De Valangin's.
LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI IO-
DIDI. See Donovan's Solution.
LIQUOR ARSENICI HYDROCHLORICUS.
(Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic.) Boil
eighty grains of arsenious acid with two
fluid drachms of muriatic acid and four
fluid ounces of water until it is dissolved;
then add distilled water to make the bulk
up to one pint.
LIQUOR ATROPIE. (Solution of Atropia.)
Dissolve four grains of atropia in one
drachm of rectified spirit, and add the
solution gradually to seven drachms of
water, and shake together.
LIQUOR ATROPIE SULPHATIS. (So-
lution of Sulphate of Atropia.) Dissolve
four grains of sulphate of atropia in one
fluid ounce of distilled water.
LIQUOR BARII CHLORIDI. See Chloride
of Barium Solution.
LIQUOR BISMUTHI. A preparation con-
taining oxide of bismuth, ammonia, and
LIQUOR. Any liquid or fluid sub-citric acid, each fluid drachm containing
stance.
LIQUOR AMMONIÆ. See Ammonia So-
lution.
LIQUOR AMMONIE ACETATIs. (Solu-
tion of Acetate of Ammonia, Spiritus Min-
dereri, Spirit of Mindererus.) Saturate
a convenient quantity of dilute acetic acid
with carbonate of ammonia.
one grain of the teroxide.
LIQUOR BISMUTHI ET AMMONIE CIT-
RATIS. (Solution of Citrate of Bismuth
and Ammonia.) Mix two fluid ounces of
nitric acid with an ounce of distilled water,
and add four hundred and thirty grains of
purified bismuth in successive portions.
When effervescence has ceased, apply for
ten minutes a heat approaching the boil-
ing-point, and decant the solution from
any insoluble matter that may be present.
Evaporate the solution until it is re-
duced to two fluid ounces, then add two
ounces of citric acid previously dissolved
LIQUOR AMMONIE CITRATIS. (Solution
of Citrate of Ammonia.) Dissolve three
ounces of citric acid in a pint of distilled
water, and add strong solution of ammo-
nia, until the solution is neutral to test
paper.
LIQUOR AMMONIE FORTIOR. See Am-in four fluid ounces of distilled water, and
monia, Stronger Water.
LIQUOR ANTIMONII CHLORIDI. (Liquor
Antimonii Terchloridi, Solution of Chloride
of Antimony, Solution of Terchloride of
Antimony.) Black antimony dissolved by
the aid of heat in muriatic acid, filtered,
and the solution boiled down one-half.
afterwards solution of ammonia, a little
at a time, until the precipitate formed is
redissolved and the solution is neutral or
alkaline to test paper; dilute with distilled
water to the volume of one pint.
LIQUOR CALCII CHLORIDI. See Chlo-
ride of Calcium Solution.
LIQ
LIQ
250
LIQUOR CALCIS. See Aqua Calcis.
LIQUOR CALCIS CHLORATE. (Solution
of Chlorinated Lime.) Mix well in a large
mortar, by trituration, one pound of chlo-
rinated lime and one gallon of distilled
water, transfer the mixture to a stoppered
bottle, and let it be shaken several times
for the space of three hours; then pour the
contents of the bottle on a calico filter,
and preserve the solution which passes
through in a stoppered bottle.
LIQUOR CALCIS SACCHARATUS. (Sac-
charated Solution of Lime.) Mix one
ounce of slaked lime, two ounces of re-
fined sugar, and one pint of distilled water,
in a large mortar, and proceed in the man-
ner directed for the preparation of Liquor
Calcis Chloratæ.
LIQUOR CHlori.
wire by a gentle heat. Filter the solu-
tion and add it to a mixture of four
ounces of muriatic acid and nine fluid
drachms of nitric acid; heat the mixture
briskly until on the sudden evolution of
red fumes, the liquid becomes of an
orange-brown color, then evaporate by
the heat of a water-bath until it is reduced
to ten fluid ounces.
LIQUOR FERRI PERNITRATIS. See Ferri
Nitratis Liquor.
LIQUOR FERRI PERSULPHATIS. (Liquor
Ferri Tersulphatis, Solution of Tersulphate
of Iron, Solution of Persulphate of Iron)
Mix two troy ounces and sixty grains of
sulphuric acid, and one troy ounce and
three hundred and sixty grains of nitric
acid with a half pint of water in a capa-
See Aqua Chlorinii. | cious porcelain capsule, and, having heated
LIQUOR EPISPASTICUS. See Blistering the mixture to the boiling-point, add
Liquid.
LIQUOR FERRI CITRATIS. (Solution of
Citrate of Iron.) Dilute a pint of solution
of tersulphate of iron with two pints of
distilled water, add a slight excess of water
of ammonia with constant stirring, trans-
fer the precipitate formed to a muslin
strainer, and wash it with water until the
washings are nearly tasteless. When the
precipitate is drained, put half of it in a
porcelain capsule on a water-bath heated
to 150°, add five troy ounces and three
hundred and sixty grains of citric acid,
and stir the mixture until the precipitate
is nearly dissolved. Then add so much of
the reserved precipitate as may be neces-
sary fully to saturate the acid. Lastly,
filter the liquid, and evaporate it at a tem-
perature not exceeding 150° until it is re-
duced to the measure of a pint.
twelve troy ounces of coarsely-powdered
sulphate of iron, one fourth at a time,
stirring after each addition until effer-
vescence ceases. Then continue the heat
until the solution acquires a reddish-
brown color, and is free from nitrous odor.
Lastly, when the liquid is nearly cold, add
sufficient water to make it measure a pint
and a half.
(Solu-
LIQUOR FERRI SUBSULPHATIS.
tion of Subsulphate of Iron, Solution of Per-
sulphate of Iron, Monsel's Solution.) Mix
one troy ounce and thirty grains of sul-
phuric acid and a troy ounce and three
hundred grains of nitric acid with half a
pint of water in a capacious porcelain
capsule; heat to the boiling-point, and add
twelve troy ounces of coarsely-powdered
sulphate of iron, one fourth at a time,
stirring after each addition until efferves-
LIQUOR FERRI IODIDI. See Ferri cence ceases; then keep the solution boil-
Iodidi Syrupus.
LIQUOR FERRI NITRATIS.
Nitratis Liquor.
See Ferri longer perceptible,
LIQUOR FERRI PERCHLORIDI.
Ferri Perchloridi Liquor.
ing briskly until nitrous vapors are no
and the color assumes
a deep ruby tint. Lastly, when the liquid
See is nearly cold, add sufficient distilled water
to make it measure twelve fluid ounces.
LIQUOR FERRI TERSULPHATIS. See
Liquor Ferri Persulphatis.
LIQUOR FERRI PERCHLORIDI FORTIOR.
(Strong Solution of Perchloride of Iron.)
Mix eight fluid ounces of muriatic acid
with eight fluid ounces of distilled water;
in the mixture dissolve two ounces of iron
Liquor GuttA-PERCHE. (Solution of
Gutta Percha.) Add a troy ounce and a
half of gutta-percha in thin slices to a
LIQ
LIR
251
bottle containing twelve troy ounces of
purified chloroform. Shake occasionally
until it is dissolved; then add two troy
ounces of finely-powdered carbonate of
lead previously mixed with five ounces of
chloroform, and having several times
shaken the whole together, set it aside
for ten days, then decant the liquid, and
keep it in a well-stopped bottle.
LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. See Chloride of Potassa Solution.
Acid Nitrate of Mercury.
LIQUOR POTASSE. (Solution of Potassa.)
Dissolve a troy ounce of potassa in a pint
of distilled water, and allow the solution
to stand until the sediment subsides; then
pour off the clear liquid, and keep it in a
well-stopped bottle.
LIQUOR POTASSE ARSENIATIS. See
Arsenical Solution.
LIQUOR POTASSE CHLORINATÆ. See
LIQUOR POTASSE CITRATIS. See Cit-
LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS ACI-rate of Potassa Mixture.
DUS. See Acid Nitrate of Mercury.
LIQUOR IODI,
LIQUOR IODINII COMPOSITUS.
See
LIQUOR POTASSE EFFERVESCENS. See
Effervescing Solution of Potassa.
LIQUOR POTASSÆ PERMANGANATIS.
(Solution of Permanganate of Potash.)
Dissolve eighty grains of permanganate of
potash in one pint of distilled water.
See Compound Solution of Ivdine.
LIQUOR LITHIE EFFERVESCENS.
Effervescing Solution of Lithia.
LIQUOR MAGNESIE CARBONATIS. Fluid disinfectant.
magnesia.
LIQUOR MAGNESIE CITRATIS.
Citrate of Magnesia Solution.
A
Liquor SodaÆ ARSENIATIS. (Solution
See of Arseniate of Soda.) Dissolve four grains
of arseniate of soda, rendered anhydrous
by a heat not exceeding 300°, in one fluid
ounce of distilled water.
(Solu-
LIQUOR MORPHIE ACETATIS.
tion of Acetate of Morphia.) Mix eight
drops of diluted acetic acid, two fluid
drachms of rectified spirit, and six fluid
drachms of water, and dissolve in the
mixture four grains of acetate of morphia.
LIQUOR MORPHIÆ HYDROCHLORATIS.
(Liquor Morphic Muriatis, Solution of
Muriate of Morphia.) Mix eight drops of
diluted muriatic acid, two drachms of
rectified spirit, and six drachms of water,
and dissolve in the mixture four grains of
muriate of morphia.
LIQUOR MORPHIE MURIATIS. See
Liquor Morphiæ Hydrochloratis.
LIQUOR MORPHIE SULPHATIS. (Solu-
tion of Sulphate of Morphia.) Dissolve
one grain of sulphate of morphia in one
ounce of distilled water.
LIQUOR OPII COMPOSITUS. A prepara-
tion proposed by Dr. Squibb, each fluid
ounce of which contains four grains of
morphia and fifty-six grains of Hoffman's
Anodyne.
>
LIQUOR SODE CHLORATÆ,
LIQUOR SODE CHLORINATÆ.
}
See Chloride of Soda Solution.
LIQUOR SODE EFFERVESCENS. See
Effervescing Solution of Soda.
LIQUOR STRYCHNIEÆ. (Solution of
Strychnia.) Mix six drops of diluted
muriatic acid and four drachms of distilled
water; dissolve in the mixture, by a gentle
heat, four grains of crystallized strychnia;
then add two drachms more of water and
two of rectified spirit.
LIQUOR ZINCI CHLORIDI. See Chloride
of Zinc Solution.
LIQUORES. (Solutions.) A term ap-
plied to all aqueous solutions in which the
substance acted on is wholly soluble in
water. There are a few exceptions.
LIQUORICE. See Glycyrrhiza.
LIRIODENDRIN. A volatile princi-
ple, upon which the peculiar properties of
LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. See tulip tree bark or Liriodendron depend.
Lead, Solution of Subacetate.
LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS DILU-
TUS. See Diluted Solution of Subacetate of
Lead.
LIRIODENDRON. The bark of Lirio-
dendron tulipifera, or, incorrectly, Ameri-
can poplar, a noble tree, and the boast of
American landscapes, the bark of which is
LIR
LOB
252
•
a stimulant tonic, with diaphoretic prop- of Potassium, Sulphurated Potash.) Rub
erties.
two troy ounces of dried carbonate of
Liriodendron TULIPIFERA. See Liri- potassa with a troy ounce of sublimed sul-
phur; heat the mixture gradually in a
odendron.
LISBON DIET DRINK. See Com-covered crucible until it ceases to swell,
pound Decoction of Sarsaparilla.
LISBON SARSAPARILLA.
Sarsaparilla.
and is completely melted. Then pour out
See Brazilian the liquid on a marble slab, and when the
mass is cold, break it into pieces, and keep
LISBON WINE. A sweet, light-col-in well-stopped green glass bottles.
ored species of wine, produced in and
shipped from Lisbon, Portugal.
LITER. (Litre.) A French measure
of capacity, being a cubic decimetre, equal
to 61.016 cubic inches, or 2.113 American
pints, or 61.027 cubic inches, or 1.76 Eng-
lish pints.
LITHARGE. See Lead, Oxide.
LITHARGE PLASTER. See Emplastrum
Lithargyri.
LITHATE. A salt or compound com-
LIVERWORT. See Hepatica.
LIXIVIAL. Obtained by lixiviation;
impregnated with alkaline salt extracted
from wood ashes; consisting of salt ex-
tracted from the ashes of wood.
Lixivial salts are those salts which are
obtained by passing water through ashes,
or by pouring it on them.
LIXIVIATE, Pertaining to lye
LIXIVIATED. or lixivium; of the
} training to
posed of or formed by the union of lithic quality of alkaline salts; impregnated
acid and a base.
LITHIA. The oxide of the metal
lithium. It ranks in chemical properties
with the fixed alkalies. It occurs in
various minerals and mineral waters.
LITHIA WATER. See Effervescing Solu-
tion of Lithia.
LITHIUM. One of the alkaline metals,
so called because obtained from a mineral.
It is the lightest metal known. Its specific
gravity being 0.59 and its atomic weight
being 7.
LITHONTRIPTIC. A medicine
which has the power of destroying the
stone in the bladder or kidneys.
LITMUS. See Lacmus.
LITMUS PAPER. Unsized paper, pre-
pared by dipping it into a strong, clear
infusion of litmus, formed with one part |
of litmus to four of water, then drying it,
and preserving it in well-stopped bottles,
protected from the light.
LITRE. See Liter.
An
LIVE OAK. (Quercus Virens.)
American oak, the wood of which is pre-
ferred above all others for ship building.
The fruit and bark are more or less astrin-
gent.
LIVER OF SULPHUR. (Potassa
Sulphurata, Hepar Sulphuris, Sulphuret
with salts from wood ashes.
LIXIVIATION. The operation or
process of extracting alkaline salts from
ashes by pouring water on them, the water
passing through them imbibing the salts.
LIZARD'S TAIL. (Saururus Cernu-
us.) A perennial, herbaceous plant, grow-
ing in low places in this country. It is
said to resemble a lizard, and is considered
laxative, antispasmodic, sedative,
slightly astringent.
and
The
LOBELIA. (Indian Tobacco.)
herb of Lobelia inflata, an annual or bi-
ennial indigenous plant growing through-
out the United States. It is emetic, oc-
casionally cathartic, diaphoretic, and ex-
pectorant.
LOBELIA CARDINALIS. See Cardinal
Flower.
LOBELIA INFLATA. See Lobelia.
LOBELIA SYPHILITICA. A species of
Lobelia said to have been used by the In-
dians for the cure of syphilis, but it has
been found to be useless in that complaint.
It is emetic, cathartic, and diuretic.
LOBELIACEE. An order of plants
to which the genus Lobelia belongs.
LOBELIC ACID. A peculiar acid
contained in the Lobelia plant.
LOBELINA. A peculiar alkaline
LOB
LUB
253
principle contained in the Lobelia plant Europe. Its flowers are used in perfumery,
and its seeds.
and a syrup prepared from them is some-
times used in asthma. The fruit of all the
species of Lonicera is said to be emetic and
cathartic.
LOBLOLLY PINE. (Pinus Toda,
Old Field Pine.) A species of pine which
yields turpentine in abundance. It grows
abundantly in Virginia.
LONICERA XYLOSTEUM. A honeysuckle
whose seeds are poisonous.
The plant
belongs to the natural order or family of
Caprifoliaceæ.
LOCUST TREE. (Robinia Pseudo-
Acacia.) A well-known tree, the bark of
the root of which is said to be tonic, and,
in large doses, purgative and emetic.
Three cases of poisoning in children who | Purple Willow-Herb.) An elegant peren-
had eaten of the root are recorded.
LOGAN'S PLASTER. Mix twelve
ounces of castile soap, two and a half pints
of olive oil, four ounces of fresh butter,
and add one pound each of litharge and
carbonate of lead, and boil the mixture
gently, constantly stirring, for an hour
and a half, then increase the heat, and
continue to boil until a portion of the
liquid dropped on a smooth board is found
not to adhere to it on cooling; then re-
move it from the fire and mix with it two
drachms of powdered mastic. A protec-
tive and discutient application.
LOGWOOD. See Hæmatoxyli Lignum
LOLIUM TEMULENTUM. See
Darnel.
LOLUPE. See Ephedra Americana.
LOMACIN, Constituents of
a
LOMACITO. }small tree abounding
in Chili, called Lomatia obliqua, the wood
of which is capable of receiving a high
polish, and the bark has purgative prop-
erties.
LOMATIO OBLIQUA. See Lomacin.
LONG-LEAVED PINE. (Pinus Aus-
tralis, Pinus Palustris.) A very large
indigenous tree, growing in dry, sandy
soils, from Virginia to the Gulf of Mexico.
It furnishes the greater proportion of tur-
pentine, tar, &c., consumed in this coun-
try, or sent from this to other countries.
LONG PEPPER. The fruit of Piper
longum, a species of Piper native of South-
eastern Asia, and is abundant in Hindos-
tan. Its chemical composition is closely
analogous to that of black pepper.
LONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM. (Hon-
eysuckle.) A well-known ornament of our
gardens. It is a native of the south of
|
LOOSESTRIFE. (Lythrum Salicaria,
nial plant, growing wild in all parts of
Europe, and is found in New England and
Canada. It is demulcent and astringent.
LOPHOPHYTUM MIRABILE. A
Brazilian parasite, classed with the Vas-
culares, the root of which contains lypho-
phytin, fixed oil, starch, tannic acid, ex-
tractive and glucose.
LOTIO ALBA BORACIS. (Nipple
Wash.) Borax, one drachm; boiling rose-
water, a fluid ounce; dissolve, filter, and
add oil of sweet almonds, a fluid ounce.
Mix well.
LOTIO FLAVA. See Aqua Phagedaenica.
LOTIO HYDRARGYRI FLAVA. Yellow
Mercurial Lotion.
LOTIO HYDRARGYRI NIGRA. (Black
Mercurial Lotion.) Thirty grains of calo-
mel; ten fluid ounces of lime-water. Mix.
LOTIO NIGRA. (Black Wash.) Calomel,
one drachm; lime water, one pint. Mix.
LOTION. (Washes.) A healing ap-
plication in the fluid form, to be applied
externally to the body by rubbing in or
on.
LOTION, BLACK MERCURIAL. See Lotio
Hydrargyri Nigra.
LOTION, YELLOW MERCUrial.
Lotio Hydrargyri Flava.
See
LOVAGE. See Ligusticum Levisticum.
LOXA BARK. See Crown Bark.
LOZENGE. A small cake of sugar,
&c., medicated. Originally they were in
the form of a rhomb, with four equal sides,
having two acute and two obtuse angles.
They are now usually round.
LUBRICATE. To make smooth or
slippery; as mucilaginous and saponace-
ous medicines lubricate the parts to which
they are applied.
LUG
MAB
254
LUGOL'S SOLUTION. R. Iodine,
3vj; iod. potassium, Ziss.; distilled water,
Oj.
LUNA. Silver.
LUNA CORNEA. Chloride of silver.
LUNAR CAUSTIC. See Argenti Ni-
tras Fusa.
LUNGWORT. (Pulmonaria Offici-
nalis.) An herbaceous, perennial, Euro-
pean plant, cultivated in this country in
gardens, the leaves of which are consid-
ered pectoral and demulcent.
LUPININE. A neutral organic prin-
ciple, greenish, amorphous, bitter, insolu-
ble in absolute alcohol and ether, obtained
from the seed of Lupinus albus.
LUPULIN. (Lupulina.) The yellow
powder attached to the strobiles of Humu-
lus lupulus.
LUPULINE,
} See Humulin.
LUPULITE.
LUPULUS. See Humulus.
LUTE,
A composition of clay or
LUTING. other tenacious substance,
used for stopping the juncture of vessels
so closely as to prevent the escape or en-
trance of air, to protect them when exposed
to heat.
LUTEIN. A name given to the crys-
tallizable yellow coloring principle found
in the yolk of eggs, in the yellow fat of
butter, in annotta, in the carrot, and in
the anthers and petals of many plants.
LUTEOLIC ACID. See Luteolin.
LUTEOLIN. (Luteolic Acid.) A pe-
culiar yellow coloring matter obtained by
sublimation from Reseda luteola, composed
of C40H1406.
LUTESCENT. Of a yellowish color.
LUTIDINA. An aromatic oil of the
composition CH,N, obtained from cin-
chonia by the action of potassa.
LYCIA, A peculiar alkaloid con-
LYCIN, tained in the matrimony
LYCINA. Į vine, or Lycium barbarum,
a thorny shrub growing in Asia and the
south of Europe, the leaves of which are
used by the physicians of Japan.
LYCIUM. An ancient preparation in
use now in India under the names of Rusot
or Ruswut, said to be an extract from the
wood or roots of different species of Ber-
beris, as B. lycium, B. aristata, &c., &c.,
growing in Upper India. It is used,
combined with opium, in incipient and
chronic ophthalmia.
LYCIUM BARBARUM. See Lycia.
LYCOCTONIN. An alkaloid, crystal-
lizable, very soluble in alcohol, slightly so
in water, obtained from Aconitum lycoc-
tonum.
LYCOPERDON PROTEUS. A spe-
cies of Lycoperdon or puff-ball said to
possess narcotic and anæsthetic properties.
LYCOPIN. A pale-yellowish, hard,
very bitter principle, soluble in water,
obtained from Bugle-weed.
LYCOPODIACEÆ. An order of
plants to which the genus Lycopodium
belongs.
LYCOPODIUM. (Vegetable Sulphur.)
The sporules of Lycopodium clavatum,
and of other species of Lycopodium. It
is used as an absorbent application to
excoriated surfaces, especially those which
occur in the folds of the skin of infants.
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM. (Club Moss.)
A plant, native of Europe and this country,
the capsules of which contain the fine dust
or powder called Lycopodium.
LYCOPUS,
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS.}
See Bugle-Weed.
LYCOPUS EUROPEUS. A species of
Lycopus possessing properties closely anal-
ogous to those of the L Virginicus.
LYE. Water impregnated with alkaline
salt imbibed from the ashes of wood.
LYTHRACEÆ. A family of plants
to which the genus Lythrum belongs.
LYTHRUM SALICARIA. See Loose-
strife.
LYTTA. The former generic name
for Cantharis.
LYTTA MELæna,
See Cantharis
LYTTA VULNERATA. } Melæna.
LYTTA NUTTALLI. See Cantharis Nut-
talli.
M.
MABBY. A spirituous liquor or drink,
distilled from potatoes, used in the Bar-
badoes.
MAC
MAG
255
MACASSAR OIL. A kind of hair oil,
so called from Macassar, a district of the
island of Celebes, in the Eastern Archi-
pelago, from which it was originally ob-
tained. The name is very commonly given
to a perfumed mixture of castor oil and
olive oil used for the same purpose.
MACAW TREE. A species of thorny
palm tree of the genus Nerocomia. From
the fruit a fragrant golden-yellow butter,
of a sweetish taste, is obtained.
A kind of snuff.
MACROPIPER
See Ava.
METHYSTICUM.
MACROTIN. (Cimicifugin.) An eclec-
tic resinoid, prepared by forming a con-
centrated tincture of black snakeroot, di-
luting it with its bulk of water, and dis-
tilling off the alcohol.
MACROTYS RACEMOSA. See Black
Snakeroot.
MADAGASCAR CARDAMOM. See
Amomum Angustifolium.
MADAR.
(Mudar.) A name given
to a medicine in the East Indies, said to
be the bark of the root of Asclepias gigan-
tea, used as a remedy in the obstinate
cutaneous diseases of tropical climates.
MACCABOY,
MACCOBOY. j
MACE. (Macis.) The second coat or
aril which covers the nutmeg, a thin and
membranous substance, of an oleaginous
nature and yellowish color, being in flakes,
divided into many ramifications. It is
extremely fragrant and aromatic.
MACEDONIAN OPIUM. See Kut- rope and the Levant, and cultivated in
schina Opium.
MACERATE. To steep almost to so-
lution; to soften and separate the parts of
a drug by steeping, as in a fluid, or by the
digestive process.
MACIS. See Mace.
MCMUNN'S ELIXIR OF OPIUM.
A preparation of opium intended to be of
the same strength as laudanum, said to
be prepared in the following manner:
Five pounds of opium are first exhausted
by ether of everything soluble in that
menstruum, including the narcotina and
the odorous principle. It is then intro-
duced into water, heated near to the boil-
ing-point, which causes a strong ebullition
through the escape of the ether remaining
in the mass. After the expulsion of the
ether, it is macerated to exhaustion with
water sufficient to make, when strained,
four gallons of infusion; and if the measure
falls short of this, enough boiling water
is added to complete it. After standing
five or six days in a cool cellar, the clear
liquor is removed, and the residue is filtered
and mixed with the filtrate. To the four
gallons of watery infusion, thus prepared,
five and a half gallons of alcohol are
added, and the mixture set aside for a
few days, when the clear part is ladled
out, and the dregs filtered as before.
MADDER. (Rubia.) The root of
Rubia tinctorum or Dyer's madder, a pe-
rennial plant, native of the south of Eu-
Asia Minor, France, and Holland. It is
used chiefly for coloring purposes.
MADEIRA WINE. The strongest of
the white wines now in use. It has a rich,
nutty, aromatic flavor. Little genuine is
to be found in our markets at present.
MADJOUN, A preparation from
MAJOUN. the hemp plant, used as
an intoxicating drug by the Turks and
Hindoos.
MADWEED. See Scullcap.
MADWORT. A plant of the genus
Alyssum.
MAFURIC ACID. (Maleic Acid.)
An acid isomeric with Fumaric acid, which
see.
MAFURRA TALLOW. A fatty mat-
ter obtained from the fruit of a tree grow-
ing in Mozambique. It bears a close
resemblance in qualities to cacao butter.
MAGENDIE'S SOLUTION. A solu-
tion of morphia, made in the proportion
of sixteen grains to the fluid ounce.
MAGENTA. See Fuchsin.
MAGILP, }
MAGILPH. pound of linseed oil and
mastic varnish, used by artists as a vehicle
for colors.
MAGISTER. A title of the middle
ages, equivalent to the modern title of
doctor.
MAG
MAH
256
MAGISTERY. A precipitate; a fine
substance deposited by precipitation; usu-
ally applied to particular kinds of precipi-
tations, as that of bismuth, coal, sulphur,
&c., &c.
MAGISTERY OF BISMUTH. A name
given by the earlier chemists to the sub-
nitrate of bismuth.
MAGMA. A thick residuum obtained
from certain substances after the fluid
parts are expressed from them; the grounds
which remain after treating a substance
with any menstruum, as water or alcohol.
MAGNASE. Characterized as a color
which dries rapidly when mixed with oil,
and is of intense body; as magnase.
MAGNESIA. An earth; the oxide of
magnesium. It occurs in nature as peri-
clase.
Calcined Magnesia, Magnesia Lævis. Ex-
pose any quantity of carbonate of mag-
nesia to a red heat for two hours, or until
the carbonic acid is expelled. It is ant-
acid and laxative, much used in dyspepsia,
sick headache, gout, &c.
MAGNETIC OXIDE OF IRON. See
Ferri Oxidum Magneticum.
MAGNETIC PYRITES. A sulphuret ob-
tained by the application of solid sulphur
to white-hot iron. It consists of five
equivalents of protosulphuret and one of
bisulphuret.
MAGNOLIA. The bark of Magnolia
glauca, M. acuminata, and M. tripetala.
The bark of the root is said to be more
efficient. It is gently stimulant, aro-
matic, tonic, and diaphoretic, said to be
useful in chronic rheumatism and inter-
mittent fever. These species all grow in
this country, and the richness of their
foliage, and the magnificence as well as
delicious odor of their flowers, rank them
among the numerous trees which adorn
the American landscape.
MAGNOLIA ACUMINATA. The Cucum-
ber tree, from the resemblance of its fruit
to the common cucumber. See Magnolia.
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA. A species
of Magnolia growing in the Southern
States, which rivals in magnitude the
MAGNESIA ALBA. See Carbonate of largest inhabitants of our forests. See
Magnesia.
MAGNESIA, CALCINED. See Magnesia.
MAGNESIA CARBONAS LEVIS. See Light
Carbonate of Magnesia.
Magnolia.
MAGNOLIA TRIPETALA. (Umbrella
Tree.) The leaves of this species are
recommended as a dressing for blisters.
MAGNESIA CARBONAS PONDEROSA. See See Magnolia.
Heavy Carbonate of Magnesia.
MAGNESIA LÆVIS. See Light Magnesia.
MAGNESIA MURIATE. See Chloride of
Magnesium.
MAGNOLIACE E. An order of
plants to which belong the genera Drimys
and Magnolia.
MAGUEY. See Agave.
MAHALEB. A species of cherry
(Cerasus Mahaleb) whose fruit affords a
violet dye and a fermented liquor like
kirschwasser.
MAGNESIA, SILICATE OF. (Silicate of
Magnesia Hydrated, Magnesite.) A min-
eral used in France for the manufacture of
smoking pipes. It has been used with suc-
cess in medicine as a substitute for subni- MAHOGANY TREE. (Swietenia Ma-
trate of bismuth. Large quantities of Ep-hogani.) A tree growing in the West
som salt are obtained from this mineral. Indies, having a bitter, astringent bark,
MAGNESIA SULPHATE. See Epsom resembling that of S febrifuga in virtues
as well as sensible properties. The wood
Salts.
MAGNESITE. See Magnesia, Sili- of this tree is the wood so much used in
cate of.
MAGNESIUM. A white, very bril-
liant metal, resembling silver, fusible at
a low temperature, and convertible into
magnesia by the combined action of air
and moisture.
ornamental work.
MAHY'S PLASTER. (Plaster of Car-
bonate of Lead.) Boil together one pound
of carbonate of lead and two pints of olive
oil, add a little water, and constantly stir
till they are thoroughly incorporated;
ΜΑΙ
MAL
257
MALE NUTMEG. (Wild Nutmeg, Long
Nutmeg.) A kind of nutmeg, the fruit of
Myristica moschata or M. fatua, distin-
guished by its feeble odor and disagreeable
taste.
then add four ounces of yellow wax and a
pound and a half of lead plaster, and, when
these are melted, sprinkle in nine ounces
of powdered Florentine orris root, and
mix the whole together. A good appli-
cation to inflamed surfaces.
MALE ORCHIS. (Orchis Mascula.) A
MAIDENHAIR. See Adiantum Pe- plant, native of Europe, the Levant, and
datum.
MAIZE. See Indian Corn.
MALABATHRI FOLIA. A drug
consisting of the leaves of different species
of Cinnamomum mixed together.
MALACHITE.
copper.
Native carbonate of
MALACOLITE. A variety of pyrox-
ene.
MALAGA. A species of wine imported
from Malaga, in Spain.
MALAMBO BARK. See Croton Ma-
lambo.
MALAMIDE. A new name for aspa-
ragin, it being now considered as a deriva-
tive from malate of ammonia.
MALAMIDIC ACID. A new name
for asparmic acid, corresponding with
malamide.
MALATE. A salt formed by the union
of malic acid with a base.
MALATE OF IRON. A salt formed by
the union of malic acid with iron.
MALATE OF LIME. A principle con-
tained in the leaves of the common Euro-
pean Ash, upon which it is thought their
antiarthritic virtues depend.
MALATE OF MANGANESE. A salt formed
of malic acid and manganese.
North Africa. Its prepared bulbs form
the drug known in commerce by the
name Salep, which is highly nutritive,
and may be employed for the same pur-
poses as tapioca, sago, &c.
MALEGUETA PEPPER. See Amo-
mum Grana Paradisi.
MALEIC ACID. An acid obtained
by the distillation of malic acid.
MALIC ACID. An acid obtained from
the juice of apples.
MALLOTUS
See Kamala.
PHILIPPINENSIS.
MALLOW, COMMON. (Malva Syl-
vestris.) A species of mallow growing in
Europe, and sometimes cultivated in our
gardens. It is emollient and demulcent.
Malva rotundifolia is one of the most
common species, and may be substituted.
MALONIC ACID. An acid obtained
from barbituric acid (Malonyle-urea).
MALT. Malt consists of barley-seeds
made to germinate by warmth and mois-
ture, and then baked so as to deprive them
of vitality.
MALT VINEGAR. See Acetum Britan-
nicum.
MALTESE ELATERIUM. An in-
ferior quality of elaterium, larger than the
genuine, of a pale color, destitute of odor,
soft and friable, and sinks in water.
MALTHA. (Mineral Tar.) Names
applied to semifluid asphaltum or petro-
leum.
MALTOSE. A principle said to be a
MALATTIA OPIUM. An opium
consisting of round or slightly oval cakes,
weighing from four to five ounces, which
are worked with great care, and enveloped
in poppy-leaves with their rough surface
out, the midrib forming the centre of the
cake. Its edges, from which the poppy-mixture of grape sugar and dextrine.
leaves are usually rubbed off, terminate
very acutely. Internally it is homoge-
neous, but usually of inferior morphia
strength.
MALVA. A genus of plants including
many species.
MALVA ALCEA. A species of marsh-
mallow or Malva, possessing properties
MALE FERN. See Aspidium Filix similar to those of the Althæa officinalis,
Mas.
MALE JALAP. See Convolvulus Oriza-
bensis.
for which it may be substituted.
MALVA MOSCHATA. A species of Malva
possessing an oil having the characteristic
17
MAL
MAN
258
odor and properties of musk, and is there-
fore, along with the Mimulus moschatus,
called Vegetable Musk.
MALVA ROTUNDIFOLIA,
MALVA SYLVESTRIS.
See Mallow,
J Common.
MALVACEÆ. An order of plants
including the genera Malva, Sidalcea,
Lavateria, Gossypium, Adansonia, &c.
MALWA OPIUM. A quality of opium
superior to that of common Bengal opium,
being free from mechanical impurities. It
contains nine and a quarter per cent. of
morphia. It is in flat, roundish cakes, five
or six inches in diameter, and from four
to eight ounces in weight, hard, dry, and
brittle, of a light-brown color and a
shining fracture.
MANCHINEEL. A lofty tree of the
West Indies (the Hippomane mancinella).
Its poisonous effects have been exagger-
ated. Its inspissated juice has been used
as a substitute for the resin guaiacum.
MANDARIN ORANGE. See Citrus
See Citrus
Bigaradia Myrtifolia.
MANDIOCA. See Cassava.
MANDRAGORA,
}
MANDRAGORA OFFICINALIS.
See Atropa Mandragora.
MANDRAKE. (May-apple, Podophyl-
lum.) The rhizoma of Podophyllum pel-
tatum, the may-apple or mandrake plant,
which is indigenous and herbaceous, and
the only species of the genus. It is ex-
tensively diffused throughout this country,
growing in moist, shady woods, and low,
marshy grounds. The root is an active
and certain cathartic, resembling jalap in
its action.
MANGANESE. (Manganium, Man-
ganesium.) A name commonly applied to
the black oxide of manganese. Its proper
application, however, is to the metallic
manganese, which is obtained from the
native black oxide by intense ignition
with charcoal. It is a metal of a dusky
white or whitish-gray color, very hard,
and difficult to fuse. It has the symbol
Mn and the chemical equivalent of 27.6.
It is said to be always present in healthy
blood.
MANGANESE, DEUTOXIDE. See Black
Oxide of Manganese.
MANGANESE, PEROXIDE. See Black
Oxide of Manganese.
MANGANESE, PHOSPHATE. A salt pre-
pared by double decomposition between
sulphate of manganese and phosphate of
soda.
MANGANESE, SULPHATE. (Manganesii
Sulphas.) A salt prepared by treating
the native black oxide with concentrated
sulphuric acid. The product exhausted
by water, the solution heated to nearly
the boiling-point, and treated with car-
bonate of manganese, added by small por-
tions at a time, which will precipitate
any iron present; the liquid is then fil-
tered, evaporated to the consistence of
syrup, and set aside to crystallize. It re-
sembles sulphate of soda both in taste and
effect.
MANGANESE TARTRATE. A salt formed
by the union of tartaric acid with man-
ganese.
MANGANESII OXIDUM NI-
GRUM. See Black Oxide of Manganese.
MANGANESIUM. See Manganese.
MANGANIC ACID. An acid formed
by the action of potassa on the deutoxide
of manganese. It contains three equiva-
lents of oxygen.
A
MANGANIUM. See Manganese.
MANGOSTANA MANGIFER.
plant, the fruit of which is eaten by cam-
els; and it is conjectured by some writers,
that in consequence, the substance known
as Indian yellow is obtained from the de-
posit of the urine of those animals.
A
MANGOSTIC ACID. Mangostin.
MANGOSTIN. (Mangostic Acid.)
principle composed of C40H22O10, tasteless,
in golden-yellow scales, insoluble in water,
soluble in alcohol and ether, obtained from
the rind of Garcinia mangostana.
MANGROVE. A tree of the East and
West Indies, of the genus Rhizophora.
The bark possesses astringent properties.
MANIHOT UTILISS. A plant be-
longing to the family of Euphorbiaceæ, the
roots of which are poisonous.
MANILLA. Of, or pertaining to
MAN
MAR
259
Manilla, the largest of the Philippine mains after the pressure of fruits, par-
Islands; as Manilla indigo.
ticularly grapes.
MANIPULATION. The act of man-
ipulating; work by hand, use of the hands
in an artistic or skilful manner, in science
or art. It is to the chemist like the ex-
ternal senses to the mind.
MARCHANTIA. A genus of cryp-
togamous plants to which the Liverwort
properly belongs.
MARGARATE. A compound of mar-
garic acid and a base.
MARGARIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained by digesting soap in water with an
acid.
MANNA. The concrete juice in flakes
of Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus rotun-
difolia. It is a gentle laxative, peculiarly
adapted to children and pregnant women. MARGARIN. A peculiar pearl-like
MANNA CANULATA. See Flake Manna. substance extracted from some vegetable
MANNITE. A white, inodorous prin- oils, and also from the fat of some ani-
ciple obtained from manna. It is crystal-mals.
lizable in semi-transparent needles; it is
of a sweetish taste, and is composed of
twelve equivalents of carbon, fourteen of
hydrogen, and twelve of oxygen. It is
incapable of the vinous fermentation.
MANZANILLA. See Chamamelum.
MAPLE SUGAR. Sugar made from
the sap of the Acer saccharinum or maple
tree.
MARGARITIC ACID. An acid which
results from the saponification of castor
oil.
MARGARON. A peculiar fatty sub-
stance, crystallizing in pearly scales, pro-
duced by the distillation of a mixture of
margaric acid and quicklime.
MARGAROUS ACID. An acid ob-
tained in the same manner as margaric
MARACAIBO BARK. See Bogota acid, but containing less oxygen.
Bark.
MARANTA. See Arrowroot.
MARANTA ALLOUYA, Species
of
}
MARANTA NOBILIS. Maranta from
which it is said arrowroot is also obtained.
MARANTA ARUNDINACEA. See Arrow-
root.
MARANTA GALANGA. See Alpinia Ga-
langa.
MARANTA INDICA. A variety of Ma-
ranta arundinacea.
MARGOSA. A large tree of the genus
Melia, found in India. Its bark is bitter
and used as a tonic. A valuable oil is ex-
pressed from its seeds, and a tenacious gum
exudes from its trunk. The Melia azeda-
rach is a much more showy tree, and is
cultivated in the Southern States, where it
is known as Pride of India, or Bead tree;
various parts of the tree are considered
anthelmintic.
MARGYRICARPUS SETOSUS. A
shrub-like plant belonging to the order
MARANTACEÆ. The order of plants Rosacea, abounding on the dry hills in
to which the genus Maranta belongs.
Chili, from Coquimbo to Valdivia. The
MARASCHINO. A delicate spirit dis-herbaceous portion and root are employed
tilled from cherries.
MARBLE. (Marmor, White Marble,
for diseases of the bladder.
MARIGOLD. See Calendula Officin-
alis.
MARINE ACID. See Acid, Chlorohy-
dric.
MARINE GLUE. A composition of tar
and shellac, which strongly unites sub-
stances.
Marmor Album.) The white granular
carbonate of lime. Marble is used for ob-
taining carbonic acid, and for making
several officinal preparations. The purest
kind is that of Carrara, sometimes called
statuary marble. The Dolomitic marbles
should be rejected for pharmaceutical MARINE SOAP. Soap suitable for wash-
preparations, as they contain a considering with sea-water, and made chiefly with
able proportion of magnesia.
cocoanut oil.
MARC. The refuse matter which re-
MARJORAM, COMMON. (Origanum
MAR
MAR
260
Vulgare, Origanum.) A perennial herb,
native of Europe and America. It con-
tains a volatile oil which has a peculiar
agreeable aromatic odor and a warm, pun-
gent taste.
It was formerly much em-
ployed as a tonic and excitant, but is
superseded by the oil of thyme.
MARJORAM, SWEET. (Origanum Ma-
jorana, Origanum Majoranoides.) A species
of Origanum growing in Europe, Barbary,
and this country, used as a condiment in
cooking.
MARKING-NUT. The cashew nut,
the juice of which affords an indelible ink,
used for marking linen.
MARMALADE. A preserve or con-
fection made of the pulp of any of the
firmer fruits, as the quince, pear, apple,
orange, &c., boiled with sugar, and usu-
ally evaporated so as to take form in a
mould. It is sometimes used as a vehicle
for the administration of medicine.
MARMOR. See Marble.
MARMOR ALBUM.
White marble.
MAROON, One of a class of impure
colors, composed of black
MARONE.
and any other denomination of pigments
in which red predominates; brownish
crimson of a claret color.
Maroon Lake is a lake prepared from
madder, and distinguished for its trans-
parency and the depth and durability of
its color.
MARRUBIUM.
(Horehound.) The
herb of Marrubium vulgare or White Hore-
hound, a plant, native of Europe, but natu-
ralized in this country. It is tonic, and
in large doses laxative; it is considered to
be expectorant and diaphoretic also.
MARRUBIUM VULGARE. See Marru-
bium.
bodies with impunity, owed their safety
to the use of it.
MARSH PARSLEY. (Selinum Palus-
tre, Peucedanum Montanum, Persil de Ma-
rais.) An umbelliferous, herbaceous plant,
frequenting low, wet grounds in the north
of Europe. The root is the part used, and
has long been a popular remedy for epi-
lepsy in the Russian provinces. It seems
also to act favorably on the menstrual
function.
MARSH ROSEMARY. (Statice.) The root
of Statice limonium of the Caroliniana va-
riety, an indigenous maritime plant, grow-
ing in the salt marshes along our sea-
coast. It is powerfully astringent.
MARSH TEA.
Sce Ledum Palustre.
MARSH TREFOIL. See Menyanthes Tri-
foliata.
MARSH WATER. A stagnant water,
containing vegetable remains undergoing
decomposition; it is
it is an unwholesome
water, and should never be used for med-
ical purposes.
MARSH WATER CRESS. (Nasturtium
Palustre.)
Palustre.) A species of Nasturtium pos-
sessing properties similar to those of the
N. officinale.
MARSHMALLOW. See Althæa.
MARSHMALLOW PASTE. See Jujube
Paste.
MARSH'S TEST FOR ARSENIC.
A method of testing for arsenic, consisting
in taking advantage of the power which
nascent hydrogen possesses of decomposing
the acids of arsenic with the result of
forming water and arseniuretted hydro-
gen. The liquid from the stomach, or
obtained from its contents by boiling
water, is added to the materials for gene-
rating hydrogen (dilute sulphuric acid
MARS. The metal iron, so named by and zinc) contained in a self-regulating
the ancients.
generator of hydrogen. If the liquid from
MARSEILLES VINEGAR. (Thieves' the stomach contain arsenic, the nascent
Vinegar, Vinaigre des quatres Voleurs.) A hydrogen will combine with the metal,
preparation consisting essentially of vine- and the nature of the compound gas
gar impregnated with aromatic substances, formed may be ascertained by burning a
of which aromatic vinegar is an imitation. jet of it from a jet-pipe connected with
It received its name from the circumstance the generator. The flame will have a
that four thieves, who, during the plague characteristic blue color, and by holding
at Marseilles, had plundered the dead a porcelain plate against it, a thin film of
MAR
MEA
261
metallic arsenic, forming a black stain, ciple, soluble in water and alcohol, but
not in ether; contained in matico.
will be deposited.
MARTIAL ETHIOPS. See Ferri Oc-
idum Magneticum.
MATICO. See Maticæ Folia.
MATONIA. A name at one time pro-
MARTIN'S CANCER POWDER. posed for a genus of cardamom plants, in
See Cancer Root.
MARUTA COTULA. See Anthemis
Cotula.
MASLACH. An excitant containing
opium much used by the Turks.
MASSICOT. Protoxide of lead.
MASSOY BARK. The bark of a spe-
cies of Cinnamomum (C. kiamis), from
which an aromatic volatile oil is obtained,
called Oil of Massoy.
MASTERWORT. A name given to
Angelica atropurpurea, Heracleum lana-
tum, and Imperatoria ostruthium.
MASTIC,
MASTICHE.}
The concrete juice of
a
MASTICHE. Pistacia lentiscus,
shrub or small tree, growing on the island
of Scio, or Chios, in the Grecian Archi-
pelago. It was formerly thought to pos-
sess virtues analogous to those of the tur-
pentines, but is now seldom given inter-
nally. It is used in the arts for varnishes,
&c., &c.
MASTICIN. A viscid substance, which
becomes brittle when dried, and which
constitutes the undissolved portion of
mastic when acted on by alcohol.
MATA. See Eupatorium Incarnatum.
MATERIA MEDICA. That branch
of medical science which treats of the
nature and properties of all substances
that are employed for the cure of diseases.
Materials or substances used in the com-
position of remedies; a general term for
all substances used as curative agents in
medicine.
honor of Dr. Maton.
MATRASS. A chemical vessel in the
shape of an egg, or with a tapering neck,
open at the top, serving the purposes of
digestion, evaporation, &c., &c. It is now
superseded by the flask; a cucurbit.
MATRICARIA. See Chamomile, Ger-
man.
MATRICARIA PARTHENIUM,
MATRICARIA PARTHENOIDES.
See Chrysanthemum Parthenium.
MATRIMONY VINE. See Lycia.
MATURANT. A medicine or appli-
cation that promotes suppuration or the
forming of pus.
MAUVE. A delicate and beautiful
purple or lilac coloring matter obtained
from anilin, used for dyeing silks, &c.,
and for producing a great variety of bril-
liant and permanent shades; also the color
itself. Much of the mauve color now seen
is obtained from archil by a new process.
MAY APPLE. See Mandrake.
MAY-APPLE RESIN.
Resina.
See Podophylli
MAY-FLOWER. See Arbutus, Trailing.
MAY-WEED. See Anthemis Cotula.
MAZARINE. A deep blue color.
MEAD. See Metheglin.
MEADOW ANEMONE. See Anem-
one, Meadow.
MEADOW SAFFRON. See Colchici Radix.
MEADOW, SWEET. See Hardhack.
MEALY STARWORT. See Aletris.
MEAT BISCUIT. An alimentary
MATIAS BARK. See Croton Ma- substance containing much nutriment in
lambo.
MATICÆ FOLIA. (Matico Leaves,
Matico.) The leaves of the plant Artanthe
elongata, Piper angustifolium, or P. elon-
gatum, a shrub, with a jointed stem, about
twelve feet high, native of Peru. They
are an agreeable, aromatic tonic and
stimulant, having a tendency, like cubebs,
to act on the urinary passages.
MATICIN. A peculiar, bitter prin-
a small bulk, made by mixing a concen-
trated fluid extract of flesh, strained
through wire cloth, and freed from fat,
with good wheat flour, and baked into a
biscuit, which must be preserved in mass
or coarse powder, free from moisture, in
air-tight vessels.
MEAT EXTRACT. See Extract of Beef.
MEAT FLOUR. See Flour of Meat.
MEAT, RAW. An article of diet for
MEA
MED
262
cases.
consumptive patients, and especially for
scrofulous children, and in other cachectic
It is prepared by depriving 100
parts of fillet of beef of all fatty and mem-
branous matter, cutting it up finely, beat-
ing it in a mortar with 20 parts of pow-
dered sugar, 1.5 parts of common salt,
part of chloride of potassium, and th
part of powdered black pepper. The
mixture is to be taken in teaspoonful doses
during the day.
MEAT-JUICE, PRESERVED. A
nutritive liquid prepared by Mr. Gillon,
a manufacturer of preserved meats in
Leith, Scotland.
MECCA SENNA. A variety of senna
consisting of the leaflets, pods, broken
stems, and petioles of a single species of
Cassia. Supposed to be the product of C.
lanceolata.
concentrated muriatic acid, which deposits
pure meconic acid when it cools.
MECONIN. A peculiar principle,
neither acid or alkaline, and containing
no nitrogen, obtained from opium.
MEDEOLA VIRGINICA. See Gyro-
mia Virginica.
MEDICAMENT. Anything used for
healing diseases or wounds; a medicine;
a healing application.
MEDICATE. To tincture or impreg-
nate with healing substances or with any-
thing medicinal.
MEDICATED PESSARIES Bodies
of various magnitude intended for intro-
duction into the vagina for the support of
the uterus and other purposes. They
generally consist of cacao butter, with or
without a little wax, impregnated with
the medicine to be exhibited.
MECHANICAL DIVISION. A term
MEDICATED PRUNES. A confection
applied to the methods of reducing drugs prepared by mixing prunes with a con-
to a state of minute division; as in the centrated infusion of senr.a, and evaporat-
operations of slicing, bruising, rasping, ing with gentle heat to the proper con-
filing, triturating, grinding, sifting, levi-sistence, a little sugar being added to
improve the flavor.
gating, and elutriation.
Per-
MECHANICO-CHEMICAL.
taining to, connected with, or dependent
upon, both mechanics and chemistry.
It
MECHOACAN. (American Bryony.)
A product of Mexico, with which, it is
said, jalap is sometimes adulterated.
is supposed by some to be the product of
Ipomea macrorrhiza.
MECONATE. A salt consisting of
meconic acid and a base.
|
MEDICATED SYRUPS. Syrups made.
with water charged with one or more
medicinal agents.
MEDICATED VINEGARS. Infusions or
solutions of various medicinal substances
in vinegar or acetic acid.
MEDICATED WATERS.
Preparations
consisting of water holding volatile or
gaseous substances in solution.
MEDICATED WINES. Wines charged
with various medicinal agents. They are
less liable to undergo decomposition than
watery infusions, on account of the alcohol
they contain, but are inferior in this
respect to tinctures.
MEDICINAL. Having the property
MECONIC ACID. An acid in white
crystalline scales, of a sour taste, followed
by bitterness, soluble in four parts of boil-
ing water, also in cold water and alcohol.
It is obtained from opium by macerating
it in water, filtering the infusion, and of healing or of mitigating disease; adapted
adding a solution of chloride of calcium; to the cure or alleviation of bodily dis-
meconate and sulphate of lime are pre-orders; as medicinal plants, medicinal
cipitated. The precipitate having been springs, &c., &c.
washed with hot water and with alcohol,
is treated with dilute muriatic acid at
180°. The meconate of lime is taken up,
and, upon cooling, bimeconate of lime is
deposited. This is dissolved in warm
MEDICINAL HYDROCYANIC ACID. See
Acid, Cyanohydric.
MEDICINAL TRIBASIC PHOSPHATE OF
SODA. (Phosphate of Soda, Sodii Phosphas.)
A mild purgative, and, front its pure
MED
MEL
263
saline taste, is well adapted to the cases cies of Melaleuca cultivated in the botani-
of children and of persons of delicate cal garden of Jena, which furnishes an
stomachs. It is prepared by various oil like that of M. cajuputi, though of a
methods, one of which is by the action of paler green color.
diluted sulphuric acid on bone, the action
of nitric acid on the product, and the action
of sulphate of soda on the nitric solution,
which forms a double decomposition, the
result of which is the formation of sulphate
of lime and phosphate of soda, the latter
of which is separated by water, and crys-
tallized in the usual manner.
MEDICINE. Any substance admin-
istered in the treatment of disease.
MEDICO-LEGAL. Pertaining to law
as affected by medical facts.
MEDULLA. A soft cellular tissue
occupying the centre of the stem or branch
of a plant; pith; marrow.
MEDULLIN. The pith of plants after
it is freed from all soluble compounds.
MEGILP. See Magilp.
MEL. (Honey.) A liquid prepared by
Apis mellifica or honey bee. It possesses
the same medical properties with sugar,
but is more laxative, and disposed to occa-
sion griping. It is seldom employed me-
dicinally, except as the vehicle of more
active medicines.
MEL ÆGYPTIACUM. See Linimentum
Eruginis.
MEL BORACIS. See Honey of Borate of
Soda.
MEL DESPUMATUM,
MEL DEPURATUM.
See Clarified
Honey.
MEL ROSE. See Honey of Roses.
MELADA. A mixture of sugar and
molasses; crude sugar as it comes from
the pans without being drained.
MELALEUCA LATIFOLIA, ) Twospe-
MELALEUCA VIRIDIFOLIA. cies of Me-
laleuca growing abundantly in New Cale-
donia. They are large trees, and are
said to yield a volatile oil very analogous
to the oil of cajuput.
A spe-
MELALEUCA LEUCADEndron.
cies of Melaleuca, from which it was
long supposed the oil of cajuput was de-
rived.
MELAM. A white, insoluble powder
discovered by Liebig. It is prepared by
fusing sulphocyanide of ammonia, or a
mixture of two parts of sal ammoniac and
one part of sulphocyanide of potassium.
MELAMIN. A base obtained from
melam when decomposed by means of
alkalies or dilute acids.
MELAMPODIUM. A name formerly
given to black hellebore in honor of Me-
lampus, an ancient shepherd or physician,
who is said to have cured the daughters
of King Prætus by giving them the milk
of goats, which had been fed on helle-
bore.
MELAMPYRITE.
A substance now
considered identical with dulcite.
MELAMPYRUM NEMOROSUM. A
plant belonging to the natural order Scro-
phularineæ, from which melampyrite is
obtained.
MELANTHACEÆ.
An order of
plants which includes the genera Veratrum
and Colchicum.
MELASSIC ACID. An acid generated
MELAIN. The dark coloring matter by boiling cane sugar for a long time with
of the liquid of the cuttlefish.
A
small
MELALEUCA CAJUPUTI,
MELALEUCA MINOR.
tree, the slender twigs of which droop
like those of the weeping willow. The
oil of cajuput is obtained from their leaves
by distillation. It is a native of the
Moluccas, and is cultivated in the botani-
cal garden of Calcutta. The plant
longs to the order Myrtaceæ.
MELALEUCA HYPERICIFolia.
be-
A spe-
aqueous solutions of potassa, lime, or
baryta. It is of a brown or black color,
and insoluble in water.
MELIA AZEDARACH. See Azeda-
rach.
MELIACEÆ. An order of plants in-
cluding the genus Azadirachta.
MELICRATORY. A mixture of
water, honey, &c., forming a kind of
mead.
MELILOT. (Melilotus Officinalis.) An
MEL
i
264
MEN
2
annual or biennial plant, indigenous in
Europe, and growing also in this country;
the odorous principle of which is identical
with that of the tonka bean. It has little
medical power, and at present is not em-
ployed.
identical with Cantharis atrata or black
Cantharis, common in the Northern and
Middle States.
MELOE TRIANTHEMAL. A species used
in the upper provinces of Hindostan.
MENISPERMACEÆ. An order of
plants including the genera Cocculus and
MELILOTIC ACID. An acid of the
composition C₁H10O2, obtained from Meli- Coscinium.
18
lotus officinalis, or artificially from cou-
marin, by the action of sodium amalgam
in presence of water.
MELILOTUS VULGARIS. A spe-
cies of Melilotus containing large quan-
tities of coumarin.
MENISPERMIA, An alkaloid or
MENISPERMIN. Jalkaline principle
obtained from the shell of Cocculus In-
dicus.
MENISPERMUM. This term was ori-
ginally applied to the Colombo genus of
MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS. See Melilot. plants. It is now limited to those species
MELISSA. See Balm.
which have twelve or more stamens, while
the name Cocculus is applied to those spe-
cies which have six stamens.
MELISSIC ACID. An acid resulting
from the decomposition of melissine, by
the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen
and the gain of two of oxygen, in the same
manner as alcohol is converted into acetic
acid.
MELISSINE. A peculiar principle
resulting from the saponification of myri-
cin deprived of its cerotic acid. It has
the composition of C6H6O2, and is con-
sidered as a wax alcohol.
60
MELITOSE. The peculiar sugar of
Australian manna, isomeric with glucose.
MELIZOTOSE. The peculiar sugar
of Briançon manna.
MELLITA. Honeys.
MELLITE. A mineral of a honey
color, found in small octahedral crystals;
honey-stone. It consists of mellitic acid
and alumina, and is found with brown
coal, and is partly the result of vegetable
decomposition containing saccharine mat-
ter.
MELOE. A title given by Linnæus to
a genus of Spanish flies, not including the
officinal blistering insect. Cisendella was
afterwards substituted. The term Lytta
was at one time extensively employed,
but that of Cantharis is now universally
used.
MELOE MAJALIS,
MELOE PROSCARABÆUS. }
MENISPERMUM CANADENSE. (Texas
Sarsaparilla, Moonseed, Yellow Parilla.)
A climbing plant, growing in this country
from the northern boundary to the Gulf
of Mexico. The root is used as a substi-
tute for sarsaparilla in scrofulous affec-
tions.
MENISPERMUM COCCULUS. See Ana-
mirta Cocculus.
MENISPERMUM COLUMBO. A species
of Columbo characterized by rounded, an-
gularly striate, roughly pilose branches.
MENISPERMUM PALMATUM. The for-
mer name for the plant now called Coccu-
lus palmatus.
MENSTRUUM. Any fluid or sub-
tilized substance which dissolves a solid
body; a solvent.
All liquors are called menstruums which
are used as solvents, or to extract the vir-
tue of ingredients by infusion or decoction.
The use of this word is supposed to have
originated in some notion of the old chem-
ists about the influence of the moon in the
preparation of solvents.
MENTHA. A genus of fragrant herbs
distributed very widely over the globe,
including the peppermint, spearmint,
Species of and pennyroyal.
Cantharis MENTHA PIPERITA. (Peppermint.)
occasionally substituted for C. vesicatoria The herb of Mentha piperita, a perennial,
in Europe and this country.
herbaceous plant, with a creeping root,
MELOE NIGER. A species of Cantharis native of Great Britain, but cultivated
MEN
MER
265
largely in this country for the sake of its
volatile oil. It is a grateful aromatic
stimulant.
MENTHA PULEGIUM.
See Hedeoma.
MENTHA VIRIDIS. (Mint, Spearmint.)
The herb of Mentha viridis, a plant,
native of Europe, and cultivated in our
gardens for domestic use, and in some
places more largely for its volatile oil.
Its properties are the same as those of
peppermint.
MENTHENE. A peculiar, aromatic
product obtained from peppermint cam-
phor by distillation with anhydrous phos-
phoric acid.
MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA.
(Buckbean, Marsh Trefoil, Bog-bean.) A
plant growing in this country from the
northern boundary to Virginia; all parts
of it are efficacious, but the leaves only
are officinal. It unites a cathartic power
with the ordinary properties of the bitter
tonics, and in large doses is apt to vomit.
MENYANTHIN. The bitter principle
of Menyanthes trifoliata, upon which the
virtues of the latter depend.
MERCAPTAN. A liquid of a strong
garlic odor, composed of sulphur, carbon,
and hydrogen, so named from its energetic
action on mercury.
MERCURIAL OINTMENT. See Un-
guentum Hydrargyri.
MERCURIAL PILL. See Pilulæ Hydrar-
gyri.
MERCURIALIA,
It
A liquid vola-
MERCURIALIN.} tile alkaloid, of an
oily appearance, narcotic odor, and alka-
line reaction, boils at 284° Fahrenheit,
forms salts with the acids, absorbs car-
bonic acid, has a strong affinity for water,
on exposure to the air is changed into
a resin of a buttery consistence, and is
very poisonous in its action on man.
is obtained from Mercurialis annua.
MERCURIALIS ANNUA. An her-
baceous European plant, of the family of
Euphorbiaceæ, which was anciently em-
ployed as a purgative and emmenagogue.
It has been considered by some as diuretic,
and has been used in the treatment of
syphilis.
MERCURIALIS PERENNIS. A species of
Mercurialis, also a native of Europe, and
ranked among poisonous plants.
MERCURIC OXIDE. Mercury ore.
MERCURY. (Hydrargyrum, Quick-
silver, Mercurius.) A certain metal, white
like silver, liquid at common temperatures,
and congealing at forty degrees below
zero, on Fahrenheit's scale, and having a
specific gravity of 13.6. It acts as a poison,
and its compounds are largely used in
medicine. It is found in nature usually
in combination with sulphur, forming
cinnabar. Named by the older chemists
after the god Mercury. Uncombined it
is comparatively inert.
(Hydrargyri
MERCURY, BINOXIDE.
Binoxidum.) See Mercury, Yellow Amor-
phous Oxide.
MERCURY, CORROSIVE CHLORIDE. See
Bichloride of Mercury.
MERCURY, CYANIDE, See Bicya-
MERCURY, CYANURET. Ínide of Mer-
cury.
MERCURY, GREEN IODIDE. See Hy-
drargyri Iodidum.
MERCURY, LODO-CHLORIDES. See Calo-
mel Iodides.
MERCURY, MILD CHLORIDE. See Calo-
mel.
MERCURY, PERCHLORIDE. See Bichlo-
ride of Mercury.
MERCURY, PROTIODIDE. See Hydrar-
gyri Iodidum.
MERCURY, PROTOBROMIDE. (Hydrar-
gyrum Protobromidum.) A salt formed
by adding bromide of potassium to nitrate
of protoxide of mercury.
MERCURY, PRUSSIATE. See Bicyanide
of Mercury.
MERCURY, RED IODIDE. See Biniodide
of Mercury.
MERCURY, RED OXIDE. See Hydrar-
gyri Oxidum Rubrum.
MERCURY, RED SULPHURET. See Bi-
sulphuret of Mercury.
MERCURY, SUBCHLORIDE. See Calomel.
MERCURY WITH CHALK. See Hydrar-
gyrum cum Creta.
MERCURY, YELLOW AMORPHOUS OX-
A preparation of mercury differing
IDE.
MER
MET
266
from the red oxide in being made by acid, similar in some respects to cerasin
precipitation. It is prepared by treating and bassorin, obtained by the action of
a solution of corrosive sublimate with concentrated sulphuric acid on gummic
solution of potassa in slight excess, wash- acid.
ing the precipitate, and drying it with a
A substance having a pecu-
gentle heat in the absence of daylight.
MERCURY, YELLOW SULPHATE.
Hydrargyri Sulphas Flavus.
See
MESEM BRYANTHEMUM CRYS-
TALLINUM. (Ice Plant.) A biennial
plant growing spontaneously in the south
of Europe. The stem and under surface
of the leaves are covered with crystalline
drops, hence the name of Ice plant. It is
considered demulcent and diuretic.
MESENNA. See Albizia Anthelmin-
tica.
METAL.
liar lustre, called the metallic, whether in
the mass or in powder, insoluble in water,
a good conductor of heat and electricity,
and usually solid at ordinary tempera-
tures. The metals are found either native
or in combination with oxygen, sulphur,
and other elements, constituting ores.
Most of the so-called elements are metals.
METALDEHYDE. A substance crys-
tallizing in long, four-sided prisms, result-
ing from the partial decomposition of
aldehyde when kept in a close vessel at
MESH. The opening or space inclosed the ordinary temperature.
by the threads of a sieve.
MESITYLENE. A colorless liquid,
having an odor not unlike that of oil of
peppermint, composed of C12H10O2, pro-
duced when acetone is saturated with
gaseous chlorhydric acid and allowed to
stand for eight to fourteen days.
MESQUITE GUM. See Algarobia
Glandulosa.
METALEPSY. Change or variation
in a series of compounds under a type, by
substitutions of different elements or sub-
stances for an equivalent in the type; as
when a substance contains hydrogen, and
when subjected to change, takes up some
equivalent for each atom of hydrogen it
loses. Called also theory of substitutions.
METALLIC PHOSPHORUS. Ꭺ .
name given to a modification of phos-
phorus, prepared by heating red phos-
phorus and lead together in a close vessel,
METACETONE. A colorless liquid,
of an agreeable odor, obtained mixed with
acetone, when a mixture of one part of
sugar and eight parts of finely-powdered | the lead on melting dissolving the phos-
quicklime is distilled. It is composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
METACHLORAL. A substance iso-
meric with chloral, produced when chloral
remains in contact with sulphuric acid at
140° Fahrenheit. It is also formed spon-
taneously from chloral when the latter is
kept for a long time in a stoppered bottle,
or where a quantity of water insufficient
to produce the hydrate is added to it.
Heat converts metachloral into liquid
chloral, which becomes the hydrate on
the addition of a sufficient quantity of
water.
METACINNAMEIN. A crystalline
substance, isomeric with hydruret of cin-
namyl, held in solution by cinnamein.
METAGUMMATE OF LIME. See
Cerasin.
phorus, and on cooling deposits it in the
state of crystals resembling those of ar-
senic.
METALLOID. Aninflammable non-
metallic body, such as sulphur, phosphor-
us, &c.
METAMERIC. Having the same
chemical composition, but different physi-
cal properties. It is supposed to depend
on a different molecular arrangement.
METAMORPHIA. An alkaloid closely
allied to morphia, obtained from the dregs
of laudanum.
METAPECTIC ACID. A pectic acid
composed of CH₂O,+2HO.
8 5 7
METAPHOSPHATE. A salt formed
by the combination of metaphosphoric acid
and a base.
METAPHOSPHORIC ACID. (Mon-
METAGUMMIC ACID. A peculiar obasic Phosphoric Acid.) An isomeric
MET
MIC
267
condition of phosphoric acid which will
unite with one equivalent of base. It is
also capable of being resolved into the
tribasic or common phosphoric acid by
the addition of nitric acid and the appli-
cation of heat.
METASTANNIC ACID. An acid
obtained by the action of nitric acid on
pure tin, without dissolving it. It is in
the form of a white powder, and is insol-
uble in nitric acid and dilute sulphuric
acid.
METATARTARIC ACID. An acid
formed by melting dry powdered dex-
trotartaric acid in an oil bath.
METHEGLIN. A liquor made of
honey and water, boiled and fermented,
often enriched with spices; mead.
METHOL. A colorless liquid, obtained
from wood by distillation.
METHYL. A compound radical, con-
sisting of two equivalents of carbon and
three of hydrogen. It is a gas of an
ethereal smell, and is contained in the oil
of wintergreen, combined with oxygen
and salicylic acid.
METHYLAMIN. A peculiar volatile
alkaloid, obtained from a homologous
modification of narcotina, called methylic
narcotina, by distillation with potassa.
METHYLATED SPIRIT. Alcohol
mixed with one-ninth of its bulk of pyro-
xylic spirit. It is used for making ether,
chloroform, and sweet spirit of nitre, also
for dissolving shellac.
METHYL BRUCIA. An alkaloid
formed by replacing one of the equivalents
of hydrogen in brucia by methyl, which is
effected by acting on the alkaloid by iodide
of methyl. It is said that this modification
of brucia is not poisonous.
METHYLCAPRINOL. A title pro-
posed for the oil of rue, from the fact that
caprinic acid has been obtained from it by
oxidizing it by means of chromic acid.
METHYLCONIA. A homologous
base (CHN), having no hydrogen
which can be replaced by radicals, obtained
by the action of iodide of methyl on conia.
METHYLIC ALCOHOL. See Alco-
hols.
METHYLIC CHLOROFORM.
See Chloro-
See Methyla-
forms.
METHYLIC NARCOTINA.
min.
METHYLSALICYLIC ACID. (Sa-
licylate of Oxide of Methyl.) An acid
constituting nine-tenths of the oil of
Gaultheria, and which forms, with bases,
crystalline salts, resolvable by heat into
salicylic acid and wood spirit. It is com-
posed of HO,C₁Н,05.
16 7
METHYLSTRYCHNIA. An alkaloid
formed by replacing one of the equivalents
of hydrogen in strychnia by methyl, which
is effected by acting on the alkaloid by
iodide of methyl. It is said that this
modification of strychnia is not poisonous.
METHYSTICIN. A crystalline prin-
ciple, analogous to piperine, obtained from
Piper methysticum. It is without odor
or taste, and is probably inert.
METOLEIC ACID. An acid obtained
by the action of sulphuric acid on oleic
acid.
METRIC. Noting a measurement of
volumes, as the metrical method of analy-
sis.
METROLOGY. The science of deter-
mining the bulk or extension of substances,
called measurement; their gravitating
force, called weight; and the relation of
these to each other, called specific gravity.
METROXYLON SAGU. (Sagus Rum-
phii.) The sago palm, a tree, native of the
East India islands, the prepared fecula of
the pith of which and other species consti-
tute the sago of commerce.
MEZEREON. See Daphne Mezereon.
MEZQUITE GUM. See Algarobia
Glandulosa.
MICA. A mineral in which carbonate
of lithia is found.
MICA PANIS. The soft part of bread
made with wheat flour.
A name
MICROSUBLIMATION.
given to a process which consists in the
joint application of a subliming heat and
of the microscope to the examination of
volatilized substances.
MICROZYMA CRETÆ. A name
proposed for the minute beings or living
MIG
MIS
268
organisms which it is said chiefly consti-
tute chalk.
MIGNONETTE.
(Reseda Odorata.)
An annual flowering plant, having a deli-
cate and an agreeable fragrance.
MIKANIA GUACO. See Guaco.
MILD CHLORIDE OF MERCURY.
See Calomel.
MILFOIL. See Achillea.
MILIUM SOLIS. See Gromwell.
MILK OF AMMONIAC.
Ammoniaci.
See Lac
MILK OF LIME. Lime in excess mixed
with water so as to form a thick liquid.
MILK OF SULPHUR. See Precipitated
Sulphur.
MILK, PRESERVED. See Concentrated
Milk.
MILK WEED. A name given to
Euphorbia corollata and to several species
of Asclepias, which emit a milky juice.
MILKVETCH. A plant of the genus
Astragalus.
MILLIGRAM,
MILLIGRAMME.
}
A French meas-
ure of weight,
being the thousandth part of a gramme,
equal to the weight of a cubic millimetre
of water or .0154 English grain, troy
weight.
MILLILITER, A French measure
MILLILITRE. of capacity, contain-
ing the thousandth part of a litre or cubic
decimetre, equal to .03937 of an inch.
MILLIMETER, The thousandth
MILLIMETRE. part of a metre.
MILTWORT. An herb of the genus
Asplenium.
}
MINERAL, ETHIOPS. See Black Sul-
phuret of Mercury.
MINERAL, KERMES. See Antimonii
Oxysulphuretum.
MINERAL TAR. See Maltha.
MINERAL, TURPETH.
See Hydrargyri
Sulphas Flavus.
MINERAL WATER.
The popular name
for soda water.
MINERAL WATERS.
A name given to
natural spring waters so far impregnated
with foreign substances as to have a de-
cided taste and a peculiar operation on the
economy. They are conveniently arranged.
under the heads of carbonated, sulphuret-
ted, chalybeate, and saline.
MINERAL YELLOW. (Patent Yellow)
A pigment consisting of chloride combined
with protoxide of lead, and may be pre-
pared by mixing common salt and litharge
with a sufficient quantity of water, allow-
ing the mixture to stand for some time,
then washing out the liberated soda, and
exposing the white residue to heat.
MINIM. The smallest liquid measure.
See Drop.
MINIUM. Red lead.
MINT. A name popularly applied to
peppermint and spearmint.
MISCIBLE. Capable of being mixed.
MISSOURI GRAPE. A grape grown
in Missouri which furnishes a wine re-
sembling madeira.
MISTLETOE. See Viscum Album.
MISTURA AMMONIACI. See Lac
Ammoniaci.
MISTURA AMYGDALE. See Almond
MIMETENE. The mineral arseniate Emulsion.
of lead.
MISTURA ASAFŒTIDE. See Lac Asa-
foetida.
MIMOSA NILOTICA. A title under
which several species of Acacia (A. vera MISTURA CHLOROFORMI. (Mixture of
and A. Arabica) were confounded to- Chloroform.) Rub the yolk of an egg first
gether by Linnæus.
in a mortar by itself, then with sixty
MIMOTANNIC ACID. See Catechu- grains of camphor previously dissolved in
tannic Acid.
half a troy ounce of purified chloroform,
MIMULUS MOSCHATUS. See Mal- and then with six fluid ounces of water
va Moschatus.
gradually added, so as to make a uniform
MINDERERUS SPIRIT. See Liquor mixture.
Ammonia Acetatis.
MINERAL. Any inorganic species
having a definite chemical composition.
MISTURA CREASOTI. See Creasote Mix-
ture.
MISTURA CRETE. See Chalk Mixture.
MIS
MON
269
MISTURA FERRI AROMATICA.
Aromatic Mixture of Iron.
See attraction acting between the molecules
of bodies at insensible distances.
MISTURA GLYCYRRHIZE COMPOSITA.
See Brown Mixture.
MOLECULE. One of the invisible
particles supposed to constitute matter of
MISTURA POTASSE CITRATIS. See any kind.
Citrate of Potash Mixture.
MISTURA SCAMMONII. (Scammony Mix-
ture.) Triturate four grains of resin of
scammony with two fluid ounces of milk
gradually added until a uniform emulsion
is obtained.
MOLE PLANT. See Euphorbia La-
thyris.
MOLYBDATE. A compound of mo-
lybdic acid with a base.
MOLYBDENA. An ore of a dark-
red color, like plumbago; sulphuret of
MISTURA SPIRITUS VINI GALLICI. molybdenum.
See Brandy Mixture.
MOLYBDENUM. A rare metal, oc-
sometimes as molybdic acid, and at others
with lead, as molybdate of lead.
MISTURÆ. (Mixtures.) A term ap-curring in nature sometimes as a sulphide,
plied to those substances, whether solid or
liquid, which are suspended in watery
fluids by the intervention of gum arabic,
sugar, the yolk of eggs, or other viscid
matter. When the suspended substance
is of an oily nature, the mixture is called
an emulsion.
MITCHELLA REPENS. See Checker-
berry.
MITHRIDATE. (Theriaca.) An old
exceedingly complex and unscientific pre-
paration, for which the present officinal
confection of opium is substituted.
MOLYBDIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained from molybdate of lead, or by
acidifying molybdena.
MOMORDICA BALSAMINA. See
Balsam Apple.
MOMORDICA ELATERIUM. See Ecbalium
Agreste.
MONAD. A prefix denoting an ulti-
mate atom, or a simple unextended point;
an indivisible thing.
MONARDA. (Horsemint.) The herb
of Monarda punctata, an indigenous pe-
rennial or biennial plant, growing from
See Cypripe- New Jersey to Louisiana It is stimu-
MIXTURES. See Misturæ.
MOCCASIN PLANT.
dium.
lant and carminative, but is seldom used.
MOCHA ALOES. An inferior sort of It contains a volatile oil.
hepatic aloes.
MOCHA COFFEE. A superior quality
of coffee in small, roundish grains, ob-
tained from Mocha.
MOCHA SENNA. See India Senna.
MOHR, A species of antelope or
MHORR.} gazelle found in Africa,
having horns on which are eleven or
twelve very prominent rings. It is much
sought after by the Arabs, on account of
its producing the bezoar stones, which are
highly valued in Eastern medicines.
MOIST PEROXIDE OF IRON.
See Ferri Oxidum Hydratum.
MOLASSES. (Syrupus Fuscus, Trea-
cle.) The impure dark-colored syrup, ob-
tained in making sugar from Saccharum
officinarum.
MONESIA. See Chrysophyllum Gly-
cyphlæum.
MONESIN. An acrid principle analo-
gous to saponin; obtained from the bark
of Chrysophyllum glycyphlæum.
MONIMIACEÆ. An order of plants
to which the genus Boldoa belongs.
MONKSHOOD. (Wolfsbane.) A name
given in England to the medicinal species
of aconite plants.
MONKS-RHUBARB.
An herb of the
genus Rumex, a species of dock.
MONOAMMONIAC CARBONATE.
(Bicarbonate of Ammonia.) An ammonia
salt which is formed in considerable quan-
tities on the sides of casks in which the
sesquicarbonate is imported. It is recom-
mended as a reliable remedy in certain
MOLECULAR ATTRACTION. An gastric affections.
MON
MOR
270
MONOBASIC. Having only one part
of base to one of acid.
MONOBASIC PHOSPHORIC ACID. (Mono-
hydrated Phosphoric Acid.) An isomeric
condition of phosphoric acid in which it
unites with one equivalent of base. See
Acid, Glacial Phosphoric.
MONOBROMATED GALLIC ACID.
An acid prepared by rubbing together
equivalents of bromine and gallic acid,
adding the former to the latter in frac-
tional portions with constant stirring after
each addition, dissolving the resulting
product in five or six times its weight of
boiling water, and allowing the filtered
solution to evaporate spontaneously, by
which the desired product is obtained in
the form of small, shining, transparent,
yellow, hexagonal plates, which at 100° C.
become white and opaque.
MONOBROMOHYPOGŒEIC
ACID.
An acid produced in an impure state by
treating the bibromated compound with
solution of potassa, forming a dark brown
mass, which is readily soluble in alcohol
and ether, possesses a pleasant fruity odor,
and is composed of C2H30O4Br.
MONOCLINIC. Having one oblique
intersection, as a monoclinic crystal.
MONOCLINOUS. A plant having
both stamens and pistils in every flower.
MONOCOTYLE. Having only one
Having only one
cotyledon, seed-lobe, or seminal leaf.
MONOCOTYLEDON. A plant with
only one seed-lobe.
MONŒCIA. A class of plants, whose
stamens and pistils are in distinct flowers
in the same plant.
MONOGAMIA. An order of plants
having simple flowers, though the anthers
are united.
MONOGYNIA. An order of plants
including those which have only one style
or stigma.
MONOHYDRATED NITRIC ACID.
(Nitrate of Water.) The strongest liquid
nitric acid that can be procured; obtained
by distilling one equivalent of pure and
dry nitre with two equivalents of mono-
hydrated sulphuric acid.
MONOHYDRATED PHOSPHORIC ACID.
See Monobasic Phosphoric Acid.
MONOLEIN. (Oleate of Glycerin.)
A distinct condition of olein, consisting of
one equivalent of glycerin and one of
oleic acid without water.
MONOMARGARIN. A A principle
produced artificially, consisting of one
equivalent each of margaric acid and
glycerin.
MONOMETRIC. A system of crys-
tallization in which the three axes are
equal and intersect at right angles; crys-
tals having one measure or proportion.
MONOPETALOUS. Having only one
petal or the corolla in one piece, or com-
posed of petals cohering so as to form a
tube.
MONSEL'S SOLUTION. See Liquor
Ferri Subsulphatis.
MONSEL'S PERSULPHATE OF IRON. An
improper name for a preparation of iron
which differs both in composition and
properties from the salt of iron properly
named persulphate.
MONTPELLIER SCAMMONY. See
Cynanchum Monspeliacum.
MOONSEED. See Menispermum Cana-
dense.
MORDANT. Any substance, as alum
or copperas, which, having a twofold
attraction for organic fibres and coloring
matter, serves as a bond of union between
them, and thus produces a fixation of
dyes.
MORI SUCCUS. (Mulberry Juice.)
The juice of the ripe fruit of Morus nigra,
a species of mulberry, native of Persia,
and now growing in this country. The
juice of the fruit is a refreshing laxative.
The Morus rubra is a species quite equal
to M. nigra, and is a native of this coun-
try.
M. alba, another species, native of
China, is now extensively cultivated as a
source of food for the silkworm, and bears
a white fruit, which is sweeter and less
grateful than the others.
MORIC ACID. See Morin.
MORIN. (Moric Acid.) One of two
principles to which the wood of Morus
MOR
MOR
271
tinctoria owes its coloring properties. It
is composed of C18H3O10
MORINDIN. A principle identical
with alizarine, prepared by sublimation
from an extract of the root of Morinda
citrifolia.
for morphia and ipecacuanha lozenges,
leaving out the ipecacuanha.
MORPHIA HYDROCHLORAS,
MORPHIA HYDROCHLORATE,
MORPHIA MURIAS.
(Muriate
of Mor-
phia.)
Mix one ounce of morphia in fine powder
MORINGA APTERA. See Guilan- with a half pint of distilled water, then
dina Moringa.
MORINGA PTERYGOSPERMA. A species
of Moringa the seeds of which contribute
to furnish the Oil of Ben of commerce.
MORINGA PTERYGOSTIGMA. A legu-
minous plant, indigenous to the Himalaya
region, which yields a gum closely re-
sembling gum arabic.
MORINGIC ACID. An acid contained
in the oil of Moringa aptera, composed of
C30 H2804 Solid at 32º.
MORITANNIC ACID. One of two
principles to which the wood of Morus
tinctoria owes its coloring properties. It
resembles tannin, and is composed of C₁
H₂O10-
8
18
MORONE. A deep crimson color.
MOROXYLATE. A salt formed by
A salt formed by
the union of moroxylic acid and a base.
MOROXYLIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained from a saline exudation from the
Morus alba or white mulberry.
MORPHIA. The chief narcotic prin-
ciple of opium, from which it is extracted
by water, precipitated by ammonia, and
purified by the agency of alcohol.
MORPHIA ACETAS. See Acetate of Mor-
phia.
an-
carefully drop in muriatic acid, constantly
stirring, until the morphia is saturated
and dissolved; evaporate the solution by
means of a water-bath, so that on cooling
it may crystallize; lastly; drain the crys-
tals, and dry them on bibulous paper.
MORPHIA HYDROCYANATE. Prof. J.
M. Maisch observes that cyanide of po-
tassium and a salt of morphia in neutral
solutions are incompatible, hydrocyanate
of morphia (morphia according to Prof.
Flückiger) being separated in needle-
shaped crystals, even if the solution con-
tains only 13th of the morphia salt.
The precipitate is prevented in acidulated
solutions, and hydrocyanic acid does not
precipitate a neutral solution of morphia.
Neutral cyanides should therefore not be
prescribed simultaneously with salts of
morphia, except in acidulated solutions.
1300
MORPHIÆ SULPHAS. (Sulphate of
Morphia.) Proceed in the manner di-
rected for Morphia murias, using dilute
sulphuric acid instead of muriatic.
MORPHIOMETRY. A name given
to the process for determining the morphia
strength of opium.
MORPHIUM. The former name for
morphia.
MORRHUA AMERICANA.
Dorsch.
See
MORRHUA VULGARIS. See Gadus Mor-
MORPHIA AND IPECACUANHA LOZ-
ENGES. (Trochisci Morphiæ et Ipecacuan
hæ.) Dissolve twenty grains of muriate
of morphia in half an ounce of distilled
water, add the solution to half an ounce
of tincture of tolu previously mixed with rhua.
two ounces of mucilage of acacia, then add
one drachm of finely-powdered ipecacu-
anha, one ounce of powdered gum arabic,
and twenty-four ounces of powdered re-
fined sugar previously mixed, and more
mucilage if necessary to form a mass;
divide into 720 lozenges. They are ex-
pectorant and anodyne.
MORPHIA LOZENGES. (Trochisci Mor-
phice.) Proceed in the manner directed
MORRHUE OLEUM. See Cod-liver Oil.
MORTAR. A wide-mouthed vessel,
in form of an inverted bell, in which sub-
stances are bruised or pulverized with a
pestle.
MORUS. A genus of plants of which
the mulberry is a species.
MORUS ALBA,
MORUS NIGRA,
MORUS RUBRA,
See under Mori
Succus.
MOR
MUC
272
MORUS TINCTORIA. See Broussonetia
Tinctoria.
MOSCHATINA. A peculiar constitu-
ent of Achillea moschata, possessing an
aromatic, bitter taste, and composed of
C42H27NO14
MOSCHUS. (Musk, Musc.) A pecu-
liar concrete substance obtained from
Moschus moschiferus, an animal closely
resembling the deer in shape and size,
and inhabiting the mountainous regions
of Central Asia. It is stimulant and an-
tispasmodic.
MOXA. A name employed to desig-
nate small masses of combustible matter,
intended, by being burnt in contact with
the skin, to produce an eschar. The Chi-
nese moxa is prepared from the leaves of
one or more species of Artemisia.
MUCATE. A salt formed by the com-
bination of mucic acid with a base.
MUCIC ACID. An acid obtained from
gums by the action of nitric acid.
MUCEDINEÆ. A term applied to
the germs of various microscopic plants,
upon which the process of fermentation is
MOSCHUS FACTITIOUS. See Artificial said to depend.
Musk.
MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS. See Moschus.
MOSELLE. A French white wine,
being one of the most acid of the light
wines.
MOTHER-LIQUresidue of a liq- |
The impure
MOTHER-WATER. residue of a liq-
uor or solution from which crystals have
been obtained.
MUCILAGE. An aqueous solution of
gum or of substances closely allied to it.
MUCILAGE OF GUM ARABIC. (Muci-
lago Acacia.) Dissolve four troy ounces
of gum arabic, in pieces, in half a pint of
water, and strain.
MUCILAGE OF SASSAFRAS. See Infusion
of Sassafras Pith.
MUCILAGE OF SLIPPERY ELM BARK.
MOTHER OF VINEGAR. (Mycoderma
Aceti.) A simple vegetable plant, without (Mucilago Ulmi.) See Infusion of Slippery
the presence of which alcohol does not
undergo acetification. It is thought to
act by oxidizing the alcohol.
MOTHER WORT. See Leonurus Car-
diaca.
MOUNTAIN ASH. (Sorbus Aucupa-
ria.) A small European tree somewhat
resembling the ash, the fruit of which con-
tains a peculiar kind of sugar called Sorbin,
not susceptible of the vinous fermentation.
All parts of the tree are astringent.
MOUNTAIN DAMSON. A Jamaica name
for the Simaruba tree.
MOUNTAIN DEW. Genuine Scotch
whisky. So called, as being often secretly
distilled in the mountains of Scotland.
MOUNTAIN LAUREL. See Broad-leaved
Laurel.
MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY.
Lenta.
Elm Bark.
MUCILAGE OF STARCH.
(Mucilago
Amyli.) Triturate two drachms of starch
with ten fluid ounces of distilled water
gradually added, and boil for a few min-
utes, stirring constantly.
(Muci-
MUCILAGE OF TRAGACANTH.
lago Tragacantha.) Macerate a troy ounce
of tragacanth with a pint of boiling water
for twenty-four hours, occasionally stir-
ring; then rub them together, so as to
render the mixture uniform, and strain
forcibly through linen.
MUCIN. A protein compound, con-
tained in the secretions of the mucous
membranes.
MUCUNA. (Cowhage.) The hairs of
the pods of Mucuna pruriens, Dolichos
See Betula pruriens, or Stizolobium pruriens, a peren-
nial climbing plant, native of the West
Indies. A species called Mucuna prurita,
closely allied to the former, grows in the
East Indies, the root of which has been
employed in that country for the treat-
A French name for ment of cholera. Mucuna is said to pos-
sess powerful vermifuge properties, and
MOUNTAIN RHUBARB. A species of
Rumex resembling rhubarb in its opera-
tion, being laxative and astringent.
MOUNTAIN TEA. Wintergreen.
MOUSSACHE.
tapioca meal.
P
MUC
MUS
273
is thought to act mechanically by pene- of ammonia). It is now made from
trating the worms.
MUCUNA PRURIENS,} See Mucuna.
MUCUNA PRURITA.
MUDAR. See Madar.
MUDARIN. A peculiar principle
obtained from Mudar, and having the
singular property of softening by cold and
hardening by heat.
MUGWORT. See Artemisia Vulgaris.
MULBERRY JUICE. See Mori Suc-
cus.
MULLEIN. (Verbascum Thapsus.) A
biennial plant, common throughout the
United States. The leaves and flowers
have been employed as demulcents, emol-
lients, and are thought to possess anodyne
properties also.
MULLER. A sort of pestle, used for
grinding pigments upon a slab of similar
material. It is usually made of glass or
stone, and is flat at the bottom.
MULSE. Wine boiled and mixed with
honey.
guano.
MURIATE. A compound formed by
the union of muriatic acid with a base.
The term was forinerly applied to the
chlorides before their true composition
was understood, and while they were er-
roneously supposed to be compounds of an
acid with an oxide, &c., &c.
MURIATE OF AMMONIA. See Ammonia
Hydrochlorate.
MURIATE OF BARYTA. See Barii Chlo-
ridum.
MURIATE OF BERBERINA. A salt ob-
tained by precipitating a solution of ber-
berina in diluted muriatic acid, purifying
the precipitate by solution in hot alcohol,
and subsequent refrigeration.
MURIATE OF ETHYLEN. See Ether
Muriaticus.
MURIATE OF IRON TINCTURE.
Chloride of Iron Tincture.
dum.
See
MURIATE OF LIME. See Calcii Chlori-
Having many
MURIATE OF MAGNESIA. See Chloride
of Magnesium.
Having many
MULTICIPITAL.
heads.
MULTIFLOROUS.
flowers.
many grains.
MULTILINEAL. Having many lines.
MULTILOCULAR. Having many
cells.
MULTIGRANULATE. Consisting of
MULTIRAMOSE. Having
branches.
many
MULTISILIQUOUS. Having many
pods or seed-vessels.
MULTUM. Much; many; an ex-
tract of quassia and licorice fraudulently
employed by brewers in order to economize
hops, malt, &c.; hard multum is a prep-
aration made from Cocculus Indicus, used
to impart an intoxicating quality to beer.
MUNDIFICANT. An ointment or
plaster.
MUREXIDE. A fine purple dyestuff,
made by the reaction of nitric acid on uric
acid. Its precise composition is not defi-
nitely known. It is supposed to consist
MURIATE OF SODA. See Chloride of
Sodium.
MURIATIC. Pertaining to or ob-
tained from sea-salt.
MURIATIC ACID. See Acid, Chlorohy-
dric.
MURIATIC ACID, COMMERCIAL. See
Commercial Muriatic Acid.
MURIATIC ACID, DILUTED. See Acid,
Hydrochloric, Diluted.
MURIATIC ACID GAS. A colorless,
elastic fluid, possessing a pungent odor
and the property of destroying life and of
extinguishing flame. It consists of one
volume of chlorine and one of hydrogen,
united without condensation.
MURIATIC ETHER. See Ether Muri-
aticus.
MURIDE. Bromine, formerly so
called from its being obtained from sea-
water.
MUSA. A genus of tropical plants,
of purpuric acid and ammonia (purpurate including the banana and plantain.
18
MUS
MYR
274
";
MUSCADEL,
MUSCADINE, A rich, spicy grape;
also the wine made
from it.
MUSCAT,
MUSCATEL,
MUSKAT.
MUSCI. An order of plants to which
the genus Polytrichum belongs.
MUSCOVADO. Pertaining to or
characterizing unrefined or raw sugar,
obtained from the juice of the sugar cane
by evaporation and drawing off the molas-
ses. It is unfit for use until refined.
MUSENNA. See Albizia Anthelmin-
tica.
MUSHROOMS. See Fungi.
MUSK. See Moschus.
one fluid drachm; magnesia, two drachms;
mix, and form sixty pills.
MYCELIUM. The filamentous body
from which a mushroom or fungus is
developed.
MYCETES. A family of plants to
which the genera Spermædia and Boletus
belong.
MYCODERMA. A genus of crypto-
gamous plants, of which the microscopic
vegetable growth, commonly called Mother
of Vinegar, is a species.
MYCODERMA ACETI.
Vinegar.
See Mother of
MYCOSE. A name given to the pecu-
liar sugar of ergot. It is crystallizable,
MUSK, VEGETABLE. See Malva Mos- very soluble in water and boiling alcohol,
quite insoluble in ether, and is without
chata.
MUSKMELON SEEDS. See Cucu- the action of glucose on the salts of cop-
mis Melo.
MUSKROOT. See Jatamansi.
MUSSITE. A variety of pyroxene.
MUST. Grape-juice.
MUSTANG GRAPE. A variety of
grape growing in Texas, which produces
a superior red wine.
MUSTARD. (Sinapis) The common
name for white mustard, or the ground
seeds of Sinapis alba, an annual plant,
native of Europe, and cultivated in this
country. The seeds swallowed whole
operate as a laxative; a teaspoonful of
the powder operates as an emetic.
MUSTARD PAPERS. Papers overlaid
with mustard, and attached by means of
a solution of caoutchouc in the sulphide
of carbon or a volatile oil. They are
intended, for the sake of their convenience,
to take the place of mustard poultices.
MUSTARD POULTICE. See Cataplasma
Sinapis.
MUSTARD, VOLATILE OIL. (Oleum
Sinapis) Oil obtained from mustard
seeds, which have been deprived of their
fixed oil by pressure. It is a colorless,
pale-yellow liquid, heavier than water,
and of an exceedingly pungent odor. It
does not pre-exist in the seeds, but is
produced by the action of water.
MÜTTER'S PILLS. Take oils of
per.
MYLABRIS CICHORII. A species
of vesicating insects, which yield more
cantharidin than the officinal variety.
MYLABRIS PUSTULATA. A variety of
vesicating insects employed in China.
A
MYNSICHT'S ACID ELIXIR.
preparation of which the elixir of vitriol
is a simplified modification.
MYOSCHILOS OBLONGA. A shrub
growing in Chili, the stems of which, in
the form of infusion, are used in amenor-
rhoea, and the leaves are used as a purga-
tive.
MYOSITIC. A medicine which causes
contraction of the pupil, as opium.
MYRCIA ACRIS. (Myrtus Acris.) A
tree sometimes called Bayberry. It is of
considerable size, with a straight stem,
and a thick, pyramidal summit. The leaves
furnish the spirit known as bay rum, spirit
of myrcia, or St. Croix rum, by distillation.
It is a native of Jamaica and other West
India Islands.
MYRIAGRAM,
A French
MYRIAGRAMME. weight equal to
ten thousand grams or ten kilograms, or
22 0485 pounds avoirdupois, or 26.795
pounds troy.
MYRIALITER,
MYRIALITRE.
A French meas-
ure of capacity con-
copaiva, cubebs, and turpentine, of each taining ten thousand litres, or 610,270.5
MYR
MYR
275
English, or 610,164.7 American cubic | oil flows out, which becomes solid when it
inches; equal to 2641.4 American gallons,
or nearly 42 hogsheads.
MYRICA. A genus of plants, includ-
ing the bayberry or wax myrtle.
MYRICA CERIFERA. (Bayberry, Wax
Myrtle.) An indigenous shrub, growing
in great abundance in the sandy soil along
the sea-shore, and upon the shores of our
northern lakes. The bark is moderately
tonic and astringent, emetic, and expecto-
rant.
MYRICACEE.
A family of plants,
to which belong the genera Myrica and
Casuaria.
MYRICIN. One of two distinct prin-
ciples found contained in white wax.
It
melts at 149°, is dissolved by two hundred
parts of boiling alcohol, and is not saponi-
fiable by potassa.
MYRICINIC ACID. A peculiar acrid
principle analogous to saponin, contained
in Myrica cerifera.
MYRISTIC ACID. An acid obtained
by the saponification of croton oil, also
contained in the expressed oil of nutmeg,
and composed of C2H2304
MYRISTICA. (Nutmeg, Nux Mos-
chata.) The kernel of the fruit of Myristi-
ca fragrans, M. moschata, or M. officinalis,
the nutmeg tree, a native of the Moluccas
and other neighboring islands. It is now
cultivated in the East and West Indies;
it unites with the medical properties of
the ordinary aromatics considerable nar-
cotic power.
MYRISTICA FATUA. A species of My-
ristica, supposed by some to be a variety
of M. moschata, distinguished by its greater
length, feeble odor, and disagreeable taste.
It is called male, wild, or long nutmeg.
MYRISTICA FRAGRANS,
See My-
MYRISTICA MOSCHATA,
ristica.
MYRISTICA OFFICINALIS.
MYRISTICE ADEPS. (Oleum My-
risticæ Expressum, Expressed Oil of Nut-
meg, Oil of Mace.) A concrete oil obtained
by bruising nutmegs, exposing them in a
bag to steam, and then compressing them
strongly between heated plates A liquid
|
cools.
MYRISTICE OLEUM. (Oil of Nutmeg,
Volatile Oil of Nutmeg.) A volatile oil
obtained from nutmegs by distillation.
with water.
MYRISTICIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained by the saponification of myristicin.
MYRISTICIN. The crystalline stear-
opten or pulverulent constituent of oil
of nutmeg. It may be obtained by ex-
hausting nutmeg by means of benzole,
filtering the liquid, and allowing it to
crystallize by spontaneous evaporation.
MY ROBALANI. (White Galls, My-
robalans) Fruits of various East India
trees, formerly in high repute in Europe
and Arabia as laxatives and astringents.
The several varieties are Myrobalani bel-
liricæ, obtained from Terminalia bellirica,
Myrobalani chebulœ and Myrobalani cit-
rinæ vel flava, obtained from Terminalia
chebuia; Myrobalani Indicæ vel nigræ, the
unripe fruit of Terminalia chebula or Ter-
minalia bellirica, and Myrobalani Emblicæ,
from Phyllanthus Emblica. They are not
now used in medicine, but are sometimes
used as a substitute for galls in making
ink.
MYRONATE OF POTASSA. One
of the chemical constituents of black
mustard seed and horseradish root.
MYRONIC ACID. An acid contained
in black mustard seed and horseradish
root, existing in the form of myronate of
potassa, and is composed of C20H10NS4018.
MYROSPERMUM FRUTESCENS.
A tree growing in Trinidad, the pod of
which is used as a carminative. It yields
also, by incisions in the stems, a balsam
like that of tolu.
MYROSPERMUM OF SONSONATE, Į
MYROSPERMUM PEREIRÆ.
A handsome tree with a straight, round,
lofty stem, a smooth ash-colored bark, and
spreading branches at the top
It is the
Myrcxylon Pereira of Klotzsch. It grows
in Central America, and contributes to
the supply of Peruvian balsam.
MYROSPERMUM PERUIFERUM. See Bal-
sam of Peru.
MYR
NAR
276
MYROSPERMUM PUBESCENS. A variety
of Myrospermum, once supposed to be the
true Peruvian balsam plant, and named
Myroxylon Peruiferum.
NACARAT.
cast of orange.
N.
A pale-red color with a
NÆVUS. A spot or mark on the skin
MYROSPERMUM TOLUIFERUM. See Bal- of children when born; a birth-mark.
sam of Tolu.
MYROSYNE. A peculiar principle
existing in horseradish root and black
mustard seed, closely analogous in char-
acter to the albuminous constituent of al-
monds, called emulsin.
MYROXOCARPIN. A peculiar resin-
ous crystallizable substance obtained from
White Balsam, which is procured from
the fruit of Myroxylon Pereiræ or Myro-
spermum Pereira by expression.
MYROXYLON BALSAMIFERUM.
A species of Myroxylon or Myrospermum
identical with Myrospermum pubescens
and Myrospermum Peruiferum.
MYROXYLON TOLUIFERUM. See Bal-
sam of Tolu.
NAPELLINA. An alkaloid occur-
ring with aconitia in the genus Aconitum,
in very small proportion. It is distin-
guished from aconitia by not being pre-
cipitated by ammonia from its diluted
solution in muriatic acid, and by being
more soluble in dilute alcohol and water.
NAPHTHA. A name commonly applied
to the more volatile carbohydrogens driven
over and condensed from the distillation
of purified petroleum. It is also called
Commercial Benzine.
NAPHTHALIN.
A white, shining,
crystalline substance obtained by subject-
ing coal tar to distillation, when it passes
over after the coal naphtha. It is said to
be expectorant, and an excellent substitute
for camphor, and has externally been found
useful in skin diseases.
NAPHTHYLAMINE.
base.
An anilin
NAPIFORM. Having the shape of a
MYRRH. (Myrrha.) A stimulant
tonic, with some tendency to the lungs,
and perhaps to the uterus. It is obtained
from Balsamodendron myrrha.
MYRRHIC ACID. A name applied | turnip.
to myrrhin after it has been kept for a
short time in fusion when it becomes acid.
MYRRHIN. A neuter resin obtained
from myrrh which becomes acid after be-
ing kept for some time in fusion.
NAPLES YELLOW. A yellow pig-
ment prepared by calcining a mixture of
lead, sulphuret of antimony, dried alum,
and muriate of ammonia.
NARCAPHTHON.
The aromatic
MYRTACEÆ. An order of plants bark of an Indian tree formerly used in
fumigations in diseases of the lungs.
including the genus Eucalyptus.
MYRTLE WAX. (Myrica Cerifera.)
An aromatic shrub from one to twelve
feet high, growing on the sea-coast, the
berries of which furnish the substance
known as vegetable or Myrtle wax, by boil-
ing them in water, and the wax melting
and floating on the surface is skimmed off.
MYRTUS ACRIS. See Myrcia Acris.
MYRTUS CARYOPHYLLATA, A tree
growing in Ceylon, the bark of which is
closely allied to that of the Cassia caryo-
phyllata.
MYRTUS PIMENTA. See Eugenia Pi-
menta.
NARCEIA,
NARCEIN,
An alkaloid obtained
from opium, resem.
NARCEINA. bling morphia and co-
deia in soporific properties.
NARCISSUS PSEUDO- NARCIS-
SUS. See Daffodil.
NARCITIN. A white, uncrystalliz-
able emetic substance, soluble in water,
alcohol, and acids, of a faint odor and
taste, obtained from Narcissus pseudo-
narcissus, and other species of Narcissus.
NARCOSIS. The effect of a narcotic,
whether medicinal or poisonous.
NARCOTIC. A medicine which, in
medicinal doses, allays morbid suscepti-
NAR
NEC
277
+
bility, relieves pain, and produces sleep,
but which, in poisonous doses, produces
stupor, coma, convulsions, and death.
NARCOTIN, An alkaloid pos-
NARCOTINA.sessing feeble neu-
tralizing power, obtained from opium.
NARD. (Spikenard.) An aromatic
root derived from different species of
Valeriana, and possessing similar proper-
ties. It is almost out of use.
NARDUS CELTICA,
NARDUS INDICA,
NARDUS MONTANA.
beans. It has the properties common to
the aromatics.
NATIVE SODA. (Natron.) Native soda
is found chiefly in Hungary, Egypt, and
South America, existing either in the
earth, of the surface, or in solution in
small lakes, from which it is extracted by
taking advantage of the drying up of the
water during the summer. The native
soda from Egypt, called Trona, is a ses-
Aromatic quicarbonate, while that from South
plants
America is less carbonated. Impure soda,
known to derived from the ashes of plants, is called
the ancients under the name of Nardus, barilla or kelp, according to the character
which are supposed to be derived from of the plants incinerated.
different species of Valeriana. The N.
Indica is referred to Valeriana jatamensi
of Bengal, the N. celtica to V. celtica of
the Alps, and the N. montana to Vale-
riana tuberosa.
NARGIL. The cocoanut tree.
NARTHEX. A collection of medical
formulæ; a formulary.
NARTHEX ÁSAFŒTIDA. (Ferula Asa-
foetida.) The officinal asafoetida plant.
NASAL. A medicine that operates
through the nose; an errhine.
NATRIUM. Sodium.
NATRON. See Native Soda.
NATURAL ORDERS.
genera resembling each other.
Groups of
A tree
NAUCLEA BRUNONIS.
growing in the Burmese dominions, the
leaves of which are used to wrap the Pegu
catechu before its exportation.
NAUCLEA GAMBIR. (Uncaria Gambir.)
The plant from which pale catechu, gam-
bir, or terra japonica is obtained.
NAUSEA. Any sickness of the stom-
ach, accompanied with a propensity to
NAUSEANT. A medicine which pro-
NASCENT. In the act of being pro- vomit.
duced or evolved; as a gas.
NASTURTIUM. A genus of crucifer- duces nausea.
ous plants.
(Water-
NASTURTIUM AMPHIBIUM.
Radish.) A species of Nasturtium possess-
ing properties similar to those of N. offi-
cinale.
NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE. (Sisym-
brium Nasturtium, Water-Cress.) A small,
perennial, succulent plant, growing in
springs, in North America, Europe, and
Asia. It is thought to be useful in scor-
butic affections. The herb is frequently
used in the form of a salad.
NASTURTIUM PALUSTRE. See Marsh
Water-Cress.
NAVEL-WORT. See Cotyledon Um-
bilicus.
NEAT. Cattle of the bovine genus.
NEAT'S-FOOT OIL. (Oleum Bubu-
lum.) The oil obtained from the bones of
Bos domesticus. It is obtained by boiling
in water for a long time the feet of the
ox, previously deprived of their hoofs. It
has been used as a substitute for cod-liver
oil with the happiest effects. It is also a
laxative, but is used chiefly as an oil for
leather.
NEBUEL,
}
The native name for
NEBUED. the product of the Acacia
Senegal, which yields a red gum.
NATIVE OIL OF LAUREL. (Native
Oil of Sassafras, Aceyte de Sassafras.) An
NEBULIZERS. See Atomizers.
oleo-resin of a light auburn color, a pecu-
NECTANDRA. (Bebeeru Bark.) The
liar penetrating odor, and an aromatic, bark of Nectandra Rodici, or green heart
bitterish, pungent, and somewhat cam- tree, called also Bibiru or Sipiri. It is a
phorous taste, obtained from pichurim tree sixty feet or more in height, branch-
NEC
NIC
278
ing near the top, with a smooth, ash-
gray bark, which is tonic, astringent, and
febrifuge, resembling cinchona in its vir-
tues.
¡
vulgaris is deemed the sweetest. It is
much used in perfumery.
NERVINES. (Nervous Stimulants,
Antispasmodics.) Remedies which, with
NECTANDRA PUCHURY. See Aydendron | a general stimulant power, exert a peculiar
Laurel.
NECTANDRIA. See Bebeeria.
NECTAR. The honey and other sweet-
ish secretions of the glands of plants.
NEPAUL CARDAMOM. See Bengal
Cardamom.
NEPENTHE. A drug used by the
ancients to relieve from pain, and produce
exhilaration of spirits; opium or Indian
hemp.
NEPETA. A genus of plants including
the catnep and ground ivy.
NEPETA CATARIA. See Cataria.
NEPETA GLECHOMA.
Hederacea.
See Glechoma
NEPHRITIC. A medicine adapted
to relieve or cure the diseases of the kid-
ney, particularly the gravel or stone in
the bladder.
NEPHRODIUM FILIX MAS. See
Aspidium Filix Mas.
NERECK. (Vereck.) The native name
for the Acacia vera, which yields the
white gum.
NERIUM. A genus of plants including
the oleander.
NERIUM ANTIDYSENTERICUM.
(Wrightia Antidysenterica.) An East
India tree, the bark of which was formerly
in repute as a remedy in dysentery, diar-
rhoea, and febrile complaints.
NERIUM ODORUM. A plant growing
wild in the south of France; a species of
oleander possessing poisonous properties.
The powdered bark is used by the natives
for poisoning rats. It is cultivated as an
ornamental shrub.
NERIUM OLEANDER. An ornamental
shrub, growing wild in the south of
France, the bark of which, as well as the
leaves and flowers, possesses poisonous
properties.
influence over the nervous system, without
any special and decided tendency to the
brain.
NETTLE, COMMON. (Urtica Dioica.)
A well-known perennial, herbaceous
plant, growing both in Europe and the
United States, the leaves, seeds, and roots
of which were formerly deemed diuretic
and astringent.
NETTLE, DWARF. (Urtica Urens.) An
annual plant, possessing properties similar
to though smaller than the common nettle,
and growing also both in Europe and this
country.
NEUROTIC.
A nervine.
NEUTRALIZE. To render inert or
imperceptible the peculiar affinities of, as
a chemical; to destroy the effect of.
NEUTRAL MIXTURE. See Citrate
of Potassa Mixture.
NEUTRAL SALT. A salt composed of
an equal number of equivalents, both of
acid and base; a salt in which none of the
properties either of the acid or base are
susceptible.
NEW BARK. (Quinquina Nova.) A
worthless variety of false Peruvian bark,
formerly ascribed to the Cinchona oblongi-
folia, but now ranked as a Cascarilla.
NEW JERSEY TEA. See Ceanothus
Americanus.
NEW YORK PETROLEUM. (Sen-
eca Oil.) A thin, light-colored petroleum,
less sapid and odorous than the Barbadoes,
and probably contains more naphtha.
NICARAGUA WOOD. (Peach Wood.)
A dyewood analogous to the Brasiletto,
said to be derived from a species of Cæsal-
pinia.
NICCOLI SULPHAS. (Sulphate of
Nickel.) A salt formed by dissolving
carbonate of nickel in dilute sulphuric
NEROLI. An oil obtained from the acid, concentrating the solution, and set-
flowers of several species of orange trees | ting it aside to crystallize. It is in the
by distillation; that obtained from Citrus form of emerald-green crystals. It acts
NIC
NIT
279
as a tonic, and has been used successfully drug stores of Yucatan for the preparation
in cases of obstinate headache.
of ointments and plasters, and is highly
esteemed as an external remedy.
NIOBIUM. The metal previously
named Columbium.
NIPPLE SHIELD. A protection for
the breast, worn by women.
NIPPLE WASH. Alum, one ounce;
tincture of galls, one ounce. Triturate
together until as nearly dissolved as pos-
sible.
NICOTIA, A colorless or nearly
NICOTINA, colorless liquid, of little
smell when cold, of an exceedingly acrid,
burning taste, entirely volatilizable,!
strongly alkaline, and capable of forming
salts with the acids, obtained from tobacco.
It is said to destroy life in man, in poison-
ous doses, in from two to five minutes.
NICOTIANA FRUTICOSA. A spe-
cies of tobacco cultivated in Asia before
A white, crystalline, semi-
the discovery of this continent. It is said NITRE. transparent salt, nitrate of
to be that from which the best Cuba to-potassa, having a pungent, saline taste.
bacco is obtained.
It occurs in nature as a crust of minute,
Species of silky crystals, and often as the result of
tobacco,the the decomposition of animal matter in the
presence of bases. It is used as an anti-
septic, diuretic, and refrigerant; called
also saltpetre.
NITER,
$
} tobacco, the of animal matter in the
have been the
NICOTIANA PANICULATA,
NICOTIANA RUSTICA.
latter of which is said to
first introduced into Europe.
NICOTIANA TABACUM. The officinal
tobacco plant, native of tropical America,
now cultivated in most parts of the world.
NICOTIANIN. The odorous principle
of tobacco. It is a fatty substance, having
the smell of tobacco-smoke, and an aro-
matic, somewhat bitter taste. One grain
of it produces giddiness and nausea.
NIGELLA. A genus of plants; the preparation, formerly in use, to which the
fennel flower.
Cubic nitre is a deliquescent salt, nitrate
of soda, found as a native incrustation,
like nitre, in Peru and Chili; called also
Chili saltpetre.
NITRATE. A salt formed by the
union of nitric acid and a base.
NITRATE DE MERCURE. A French
Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis, U. S. P., is
NIGELLA SATIVA. See Fennel Flower, similar.
Small.
NIGELLIN.
A peculiar bitter prin-
ciple, obtained from the seeds of Nigella
sativa or Nutmeg flower plant.
NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS. See
Cactus Grandiflora.
NIGHTSHADE, BLACK,
NIGHTSHADE, COMMON.
See Bittersweet.
NIGHTSHADE, DEADLY. See Atropa
Belladonna.
NIGHTSHADE, WOODY. A name by
which the officinal bittersweet or Solanum
dulcamara is known.
NITRATE OF CERIUM. See Cerium
Nitrate.
NITRATE OF CODEIA. A salt formed
by the union of codeia and nitric acid.
NITRATE OF COPPER. See Cupri Nitras.
NITRATE OF IRON SOLUTION. See Ferri
Nitratis Liquor.
NITRATE OF LEAD. See Plumbi Nitras.
NITRATE OF MERCURY. See Acid Ni-
trate of Mercury.
NITRATE OF POTASSA. (Potassa Nitras,
Nitre, Niter, Saltpetre, Azotate de Potasse.)
A salt, both a natural and artificial prod-
uct, occurring in many countries, existing
NIHIL ALBUM. See Lana Philo- in the soil, on which it forms a saline
sophica.
efflorescence, in the fissures of calcareous
rocks, and in caves. In this country it is
found for the most part in caverns situated
in limestone rock, called saltpetre caves,
where it is associated with nitrate of lime.
NIIN FAT. A fat obtained from an
insect called Niin, a hemiptera, related to
the genus Coccus, which feeds on the
spondias, a plant belonging to the Ana-
cardiaceæ. It is used principally in the It is received in this country from Calcutta
NIT
NIT
280
packed in grass-cloth bags. The greater | acid into a solution of basic nitrite of
portion of it arrives at Boston. It can be lead.
obtained by decomposing nitrate of soda
by means of caustic potassa. It is con-
sidered refrigerant, diuretic, diaphoretic,
and antiseptic.
NITRITE OF Soda. A salt formerly
employed in the preparation of sweet
spirit of nitre. The process, however,
failed, probably on account of the diffi-
NITRATE OF SILVER. See Argenti Ni-culty of obtaining the nitrite of soda pure.
tras.
NITRATE OF SODA. See Cubic Nitre.
NITRATE OF STRYCHNIA.
strychnia and nitric acid.
A salt of
NITRATE OF THALLIUM. A compound
formed by the action of nitric acid on
thallium. It crystallizes in milky-white,
opaque crystals, and may be melted with-
out decomposition.
The salt has ceased to be an object of
special interest.
NITROBENZIDE,
NITROBENZOLE,
NITROBENZULE.
A product ob-
tained by the
action of fum-
ing nitric acid on benzole. It is composed
of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxy-
gen, and when washed with water, forms
an oily, yellowish, intensely sweet liquid,
NITRATE OF WATER. See Monohy- with an odor like that of oil of bitter
drated Nitric Acid.
NITRE. See Nitrate of Potassa.
NITRE, CUBIC: See Cubic Nitre.
NITRIC ACID. See Acids.
NITRIC ACID, ANHYDROus.
acid destitute of water. It consists of one
Nitric
equivalent of nitrogen and five of oxygen.
It can be obtained by passing perfectly
dry chlorine over nitrate of silver.
NITRIC ACID, DILUTED. See Acids.
NITRIC ACID, MONOHYDRATED.
Monohydrated Nitric Acid.
See
almonds. It is called also Nitrobenzine.
See Artificial Oil of Bitter Almonds.
NITROGEN. A gaseous element, with-
out taste, odor, or color, forming nearly
four-fifths of common air, and incapable
of supporting life; azote. It is almost
inert chemically, but forms by combina-
tion nitric acid and ammonia, and is uni-
formly present in animal tissues.
Its
specific gravity is 0.94; its atomic weight
14.
NITROGENIZE. To imbue with ni-
trogen.
NITROGENOUS. Pertaining to, or
containing nitrogen.
NITROGLYCERIN.
(Glonoin.) A
NITRIC ACID OF THE ARTS. That form
of nitric acid chiefly used in the arts. It
is of two strengths, called double and single
aquafortis, which see.
highly explosive substance, prepared by
NITRIC ACID, QUADRIHYDRATED. See adding to glycerin, in small portions at a
Acid, Nitric.
NITRIC OXIDE. One of the compounds
formed between oxygen and nitrogen,
consisting of two equivalents of the former
to one of the latter.
NITRIC STARCH. A preparation formed
by mixing ordinary starch, in the cold,
with 150 parts of water, to which one part
of nitric acid has been added, and allow-
ing the whole to dry in the open air.
NITRITE. A salt formed by the
combination of nitrous acid with a base.
NITRITE OF ETHER. See Ether, Hypo-
nitrous.
NITRITE OF LEAD. A compound formed
for analytical purposes by passing carbonic
time, equal parts of strong nitric and sul-
phuric acids, kept at a temperature below
the freezing-point. It is a bright yellow
liquid, the explosive force of which greatly
exceeds that of gunpowder. It is formed
by the substitution of three equivalents
of hyponitric acid for three equivalents of
the hydrogen of the glycerin. Its effects
on the system are those of a powerful but
temporary stimulant. It is said to be non-
explosive when mixed with methylic alco-
hol, which is afterwards washed out with
water.
NITROGLUCOSE. A compound
formed by the action of a mixture of
strong sulphuric and nitric acids on sugar.
NIT
NUT
281
NITROUS ETHER. See Ethyl Nitrite.
NITROUS OXIDE. See Laughing Gas.
NITROUS OXIDE WATER. (Searle's
Oxygenous Aerated Water.) Water im-
pregnated by pressure with about five
times its volume of nitrous oxide gas. It
possesses tonic, resolvent, exhilarant, and
diuretic properties.
NITROMURIATIC OXIDE OF AN-
TIMONY. (Oxychloride of Antimony,
Powder of Algaroth, Pulvis Algarothi.) A
powder formed by dissolving tersulphuret
of antimony in muriatic acid, assisting
the action at first by a gentle heat, which
must be gradually increased to ebullition,
and then pouring the resulting solution,
when cold, into a large quantity of water.
It was formerly used in the preparation
of tartar emetic, but has been superseded
for this purpose by the pure teroxide.
NITROPICRIC ACID. See Carbazotic six of the third. They are refrigerant,
Acid.
NITROUS POWDERS. A combination
formed of nitrate of potassa, tartar emetic,
and calomel, in the proportion of sixty
parts of the first, one of the second, and
diaphoretic, and alterative, and are used
NITROPRUSSIC ACID. (Nitroprus-in bilious fever.
side of Hydrogen.) An acid formed by the
action of nitric acid on ferrocyanide of
potassium.
NITROPRUSSIDE OF SODIUM. A
salt obtained by saturating nitroprussic
acid with sodium, and evaporating. It is
a delicate test for the alkaline sulphurets,
with which it strikes a blue violet color.
NITROSACCHARATE OF LEAD.
A salt prepared by dissolving saccharate
of lead in dilute nitric acid containing
only one part of the acid in twenty parts
of the mixture, filtering the solution, and
gradually evaporating.
NITROSO-NITRIC ACID. An acid
composed of HO,NO+NO.
NITROSULPHATE OF AMMONIA.
A compound formed by passing nitric
oxide through a solution of sulphate of
ammonia in five or six times its volume
of water of ammonia. It has been used
with advantage in typhoid fever.
NITROSULPHURIC ACID. A pe-
culiar acid formed by the union of nitric
oxide and sulphurous acid. It consists of
one equivalent of nitrogen, one of sulphur,
and four of oxygen.
NITROUS ACID. (Hyponitrous Acid.)
An acid composed of nitrogen and oxygen,
in which the oxygen is in a lower propor-
tion than that in which the same elements
form nitric acid. It consists of one equiv-
alent of nitrogen and three of oxygen.
NITROUS ACID OF THE SHOPS.
dish acid containing more or less hyponi-
tric acid.
A red-
NITROXYPHENYL-SULPHURIC
ACID. An acid obtained by the direct
introduction of nitrogen-tetroxid into oxy-
phenyl-sulphuric acid.
NOPAL (Opuntia Cochinillifera.) A
Mexican plant allied to the Cactus, upon
which the cochineal insect feeds and prop-
agates.
NORDHAUSEN FUMING SUL-
PHURIC ACID. See Fuming Sulphuric
Acid of Nordhausen.
NORTH CHINESE RHUBARB. A
variety of rhubarb which enters Russia
by various routes along the northern Chi-
nese frontier.
NORWAY SPRUCE. See Abies Ex-
celsa.
NOSTRUM. A medicine, the ingre-
dients of which are kept secret, for the
purpose of restricting the profits of sale
to the inventor or proprietor; a quack or
patent medicine.
NUCIN. A peculiar principle formed
by the action of acids on a peculiar sub-
stance obtained from the male florets of
Juglans regia.
NUCITANNIN. A substance analo-
gous to tannic acid, obtained from the
green rind of the common walnut.
NUTGALL. See Galla.
NUTMEG. See Myristica.
NUTMEG, EXPRESSED OIL OF. See
Myristica Adeps.
NUTMEG FLOWER. See Fennel Flower,
Small.
NUT
OCY
282
NUTRIENT,
Any substance or
NUTRITIVE. I medicine which nour-
ishes by promoting growth or repairing
waste.
NUX MOSCHATA. See Myristica.
NUX VOMICA. (Nuces Vomicæ, Dog
Buttons.) The seed of Strychnos nux vom-
ica, a tree of moderate size, with numerous
strong branches, covered with a smooth,
dark-gray bark. It is a native of the
East Indies, and growing in the neigh-
boring countries. The fruit is a round
berry, about as large as an orange, with
a smooth, yellow, or orange-colored, hard,
fragile rind, and many seeds, imbedded in
a juicy pulp, which are circular, slightly
concave on one side and convex on the
other, and very hard and horny. They
are said to be tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic,
and laxative. In large doses they are
powerfully poisonous.
NYMPHÆA ALBA. (White Water
Lily.) A European plant, the root of
which was esteemed by the ancients as an
antaphrodisiac. It was considered, like
that of the American species, a bitter
astringent, and useful in some cases of
leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea, dysentery, &c.
NYMPHEA ODORATA. (Sweet-scented
Water Lily.) An herbaceous, perennial
plant, growing in most parts of this coun-
try in fresh-water ponds, and on the
borders of streams. It is very astringent
and bitter, and contains much tannin and
gallic acid.
NYMPHÆACEÆ. A family of plants
to which the genus Nuphar belongs.
0.
OABIG BARK. A bark described as
containing a large percentage of berberina.
It is said to be of Japanese origin, and
supposed to belong to the family of Anon-
acex, and identical with a tree indigenous
to Sierra Leone and Soudan, the bark of
which is known in England as Abeocouta
bark.
OAK APPLE. A kind of spongy ex-
crescence on oak leaves or tender branches,
&c., produced by the puncture of insects;
called also oak leaf gall.
OAK BARK. The bark of Quercus
alba, Quercus tinctoria, and of other spe-
cies of Quercus. It is astringent and
somewhat tonic.
OAKUM. A mixture of tow and
It is
hemp, used for dressing wounds.
highly esteemed on account of its absorb-
ent qualities.
OATMEAL. See Avenæ Farina.
OATMEAL GRUEL. See Gruel.
OATS. A well-known grain; though
chiefly cultivated for horses, is very nutri-
tious, and is largely used as food by the
inhabitants of Scotland, Ireland, and other
countries. It is the product of the Avena
sativa.
OCHRES. Native mixtures of argil-
laceous or calcareous earth and oxide of
iron, employed in painting. Their color
varies with the state of oxidation of the
iron, and with the proportion which it
bears to the other ingredients, and is
sometimes artificially modified by the
agency of heat; sometimes they come in
a powdered state, and sometimes in hard
masses. In the latter state they are called
stone ochres.
OCOTEA PICHURIM. A tree for-
merly supposed to be the source of the
Pichurim beans. It is now referred to
the genus Nectandra, growing in South
America.
OCTAHEDRAL. Having eight equal
faces or sides, as octahedral crystals.
OCTANDRIA. A class of plants, ac-
cording to the system of Linnæus, in
which the flowers have eight stamens, not
united to one another or to the pistil.
OCUBA. A kind of vegetable wax
collected from the fruit of a shrub of the
province of Para. It is similar to, if not
identical with, Japan wax.
OCYMUM BASILICUM. (Basil.)
An annual plant, native of India and
Persia, and cultivated in Europe and this
country, having a strong, peculiar, agree-
able, aromatic odor, and an aromatic,
somewhat cooling, and saline taste. It
ODO
OIL
283
has the ordinary properties of the aro- thylic chloride with twice its volume of
matic plants.
alcoholic solution of hydrate of potassa,
first under ordinary pressure, and after-
ODONTO. Tooth powder.
ODOR. Any smell, whether fragrant wards in sealed tubes, to 150° C., repeating
or offensive.
the treatment until the greater part of
ODORIFEROUS. Giving scent; dif- the oil, separating on the addition of
fusing fragrance; fragrant.
ODORINE. A product of the redis-
tillation of the volatile oil obtained by
distilling bone. It has a very concen-
trated and diffusible empyreumatic odor.
CENANTHE. A
A genus of umbellife-
rous plants, growing in damp places, and
possessing poisonous properties.
ENANTHE CROCATA.
Water-Dropwort.
See Hemlock
ENANTHE FISTULOSA. A poisonous
species of Enanthe, from which a peculiar
resinoid principle called Enanthin is ob-
tained, of which half a grain has produced
dangerous effects.
ENANTHE PHELLANDRIUM. (Phellan-
drium Aquaticum, Fine-leaved Water Hem-
lock.) A biennial or perennial European
water plant, the fresh leaves of which
are said to be injurious to cattle, the seeds
of which have been used in Europe as a
diuretic, aperient, emmenagogue, expec-
torant, and sedative. In overdoses they
are narcotic.
ŒENANTHIC. Having or imparting
the characteristic odor of wine.
ENANTHIC ACID. An acid obtained
from œnanthic ether.
water, distils below 120° C. From this
the oenanthylidene is obtained by fractional
distillation.
A
CENOTHERA BERTERIANA.
plant belonging to the family of Ona-
graceæ, growing in the sandy soil border-
ing the smaller streams of Coquimbo and
Cauquenes, Chili, which enjoys quite a
reputation as a local application to wounds,
bruises, and bone felons.
ENOTHERA BIENNIS. (Tree Prim-
rose.) A biennial, indigenous plant, grow-
ing in fields and along fences from Canada
to the Carolinas. The cortical part of the
stem in decoction has been used success-
fully as an application to tetter.
OFFICINAL. Having a character or
composition established or approved of by
the United States Pharmacopoeia, or by the
committee upon the revision of the same,
which is generally constituted by members
of the American medical and pharma-
ceutical associations.
OFFICINAL ALCOHOL. See Alcohol.
OIDIUM ABORTIFACIENS.
Ergotatia Abortifaciens.
See
OIL. An unctuous substance, expressed
or drawn from various animal and vege-
table substances. It has been found to
consist of a base called glycerin (a sweet
and thick syrupy fluid) united with
ENANTHIC ETHER. An oily liquid,
which gives to wine its characteristic
odor. See Ether, Enanthic.
ENANTHIN. See Enanthe Fistu- different animal and vegetable acids.
losa.
Common animal oils contain stearic, mar-
garic, and oleic acids in combination with
glycerin, forming stearate of glycerin,
margarate of glycerin, and oleate of glyc-
CENANTHYL HYDRIDE. A carbo-
hydrogen obtained from rectified Ameri-
can petroleum. It consists of fourteen
equivalents of carbon and sixteen of hy-erin, the first being what is called stear-
drogen.
in, the second margarin, and the third
ENANTHYLIDENE. A colorless, olein or elain. Stearin and margarin
mobile liquid, lighter than water, boiling prevail in the solid fats, and olein in the
at 106°-108° C., but volatilizing at ordi- liquid oils. The vegetable oils contain
nary temperatures. It burns with a lu- other acids united to the glycerin; thus,
minous flame, and is soluble in alcohol, palm oil contains palmitate of glycerin,
ether, and benzole. It has the composition &c. In making soaps of oil or fat, the
C₁H₁₂, and is obtained by heating œnan- glycerin is replaced by soda or potash, the
14 12)
OIL
OIL
284
D
acids of oils taking these bases as a sub- | fruit of Amygdalus communis of the bitter
stitute.
variety.
OIL, BENNE. See Benne Oil.
OIL, CAJEPUT. See Cajeput Oil.
OIL CAKE. The cake remaining after
the expression of oil from flaxseed.
OIL, CASTOR. The oil expressed from
the seeds of Ricinus communis.
OIL, CEDAR.
See Cedar Oil.
OIL, COD-LIVER. See Cod-Liver Oil.
OIL, CROTON. See Croton Oil.
OIL, ETHEREAL. See Ethereal Oil.
OIL, FLAXSEED,} See Flaxseed Oil.
OIL, LINSEED.
OIL, NEATSFOOT. See Neatsfoot Oil.
OIL NUT. Butternut.
OIL OF BITTER ALMOND, ARTIFICIAL.
See Nitrobenzole.
OIL OF BERGAMOT. (Oleum Bergamii.)
A volatile oil obtained from the rind of
the fruit of Citrus limetta, which see.
OIL OF BLACK PEPPER. A substance
consisting mainly of the volatile oil, fixed
oil, and resin of the pepper. It may
therefore be classed among the oleoresins.
OIL OF CADE. See Cade Oil.
OIL OF CAMPHOR. (Oleum Camphorœ.)
The volatile oil obtained from Camphora
officinarum. There is another oil of cam-
phor, known in commerce, obtained from
OIL OF ALEURITES TRILOBA. See the Dryobalanops camphora.
Aleurites Triloba.
OIL OF CANADA FLEABANE. (Oleum
OIL OF ALMONDS. Oil expressed from Erigerontis Canadensis.) An oil of flea-
sweet and bitter almonds.
OIL OF AMBER. (Oleum Succini.) A
volatile oil obtained by the destructive
distillation of amber. It is rectified by
repeated distillations, when it becomes
thinner, more limpid, and colorless. It
is stimulant and antispasmodic, and oc-
casionally promotes the secretions, par-
ticularly that of the urine.
An
OIL OF AMERICAN PENNYROYAL.
oil obtained from the Hedeoma pulegioides,
peculiar to North America. It is much
employed in amenorrhoea.
OIL OF ANDA. A fixed oil procured
by expression from the seeds of Anda
Brasiliensis. It is purgative, and has
been also used in Brazil for burning and
painting.
OIL OF ANISE. (Oleum Anisi.) A
grateful, aromatic, carminative oil, obtain-
ed from Pimpinella anisum and Illicium
anisatum.
OIL OF APRICOTS. An oil used in the
south of France for adulterating oil of
almonds.
OIL OF BEN. A fixed oil, extracted
from the seeds of the Moringa pterygo-
sperma. It is employed for similar pur-
poses with olive oil.
OIL OF BITTER ALMOND. (Oleum
Amygdalæ Amara.) The oil obtained by
distilling with water the kernels of the
bane, thought to consist of two distinct
oils. It is limpid, of a light straw color,
and a peculiar aromatic odor. It has
been used in diarrhoea, dysentery, and in
hemorrhages.
OIL OF CARAWAY. (Oleum Cari.) An
oil distilled from caraway seed. It is
much used to impart flavor to medicines,
and to correct their nauseating and griping
effects.
OIL OF CASSIA. (Chinese Oil of Cinna-
mon.) A pale yellow oil, becoming red
with age.
Its flavor is similar to that
of the Ceylon oil, though inferior.
OIL OF CHAMOMILE. (Oleum Anthemi-
dis.) Oil distilled from chamomile flow-
ers. It is seldom prepared or used in this
country, being chiefly distilled in Eng-
land, and has therefore received the name
of English oil of chamomile. It is used
in spasms of the stomach, and is an ad-
junct to purgative medicines.
OIL OF CINNAMON. (Oleum Cinna-
momi.) A volatile oil obtained from the
bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum by
distillation. It has the cordial and car-
minative properties of cinnamon without
its astringency.
OIL OF CLOVES. (Oleum Caryophylli.)
The oil distilled from cloves; it consists
of two distinct oils, one lighter, the other
heavier than water. They may be ob-
OIL
OIL
285
tained separate by distilling the oil from
a solution of potassa. Its medicinal effects
are similar to those of cloves.
OIL OF COPAIBA. (Oleum Copaibæ.)
The oil distilled from copaiva. Its effects
on the systein are those of copaiba.
OIL OF CORIANDER. (Oleum Corian-
dri.)
The oil distilled from coriander
seeds. Its properties are those of the
fruit.
OIL OF CUBEB. (Oleum Cubebæ, Oil of
Cubebs.) An oil distilled from cubebs
having the aromatic properties of the
same.
OIL OF DILL. (Oleum Anethi.) The
oil distilled from dill fruit. It is some-
times used in preparing dill water.
OIL OF ERgot. (Oleum Ergotæ.) A
fixed oil obtained from ergot by forming
an ethereal tincture of it by the displace-
ment process, and evaporating the ether
with a gentle heat.
OIL OF HEDEOMA. Oil of pennyroyal.
OIL OF HEMLOCK. (Oil of Spruce.) A
volatile oil obtained from Abies Canaden-
sis. It has been employed to produce
abortion, with the effect of endangering
the life of the female.
OIL OF HORSEMINT. (Oleum Monardæ.)
An oil distilled from the fresh herb of
Monarda punctata. It is considered iden-
tical with thymol, or camphor of the oil of
thyme. It is employed externally chiefly
as a rubefacient.
OIL OF IVA. An oil obtained from the
Achillea moschata. It is composed of C48
H4004, is volatile, of a faint yellowish
color, agreeable odor, and warm, bitter
taste, resembling oil of Mentha piperita.
OIL OF JASMINE. An oil obtained from
the flowers of Jasminum officinale, or com-
mon white jasmine, and from those also of
Jasminum sambac, and Jasminum grandi-
florum. It is used only as a perfume. It
OIL OF EUPHORBIA. A fixed oil ob- is prepared by impregnating oil of ben, or
tained from the seeds of Euphorbia lathy-some other fixed oil, with the aroma of
ris, by expression, or by the agency of the flowers, as they do not yield it by dis-
alcohol or ether. It is a powerful purga-tillation.
tive in doses from five to ten drops.
•
Its
OIL OF JUNIPER.
(Oleum Juniperi.)
OIL OF FENNEL. (Oleum Fœniculi.) | An oil distilled from the unripe fruit of
An oil distilled from fennel seeds. That Juniperus communis. It is, when pure,
used in this country is imported. a carbohydrogen, and is said to have the
same composition as oil of turpentine. It
is stimulant, carminative, and diuretic.
properties are those of the fruit.
OIL OF FERN. A name by which the
Extractum filicis liquidum was long known.
OIL OF GARLIC. An essential oil, very
volatile, obtained by distillation from
garlic. It consists of a peculiar organic
radical, called allyl, combined with one
equivalent of sulphur, and is therefore
sulphuret of allyl.
OIL OF GAULTHERIA. (Oleum Gaul-
theria, Oil of Wintergreen, Oil of Partridge
Berry.) An oil prepared chiefly in New
Jersey from the leaves of Gaultheria pro-
cumbens, or from the whole plant. It has
also been obtained from Betula lenta, and
is supposed to exist also in the root of
Polygala paucifolia, the roots and stems of
Spiræ ulmaria, Spirea lobata, and Gaul-
theria hispidula. It is chiefly used on
account of its pleasant flavor.
It is of finer
Oil of LavendER. (Oleum Lavandulæ.)
An oil distilled from the flowers and flow-
er-stems of Lavandula vera.
quality when obtained from the former
exclusively. It is used chiefly as a per-
fume, though possessed of carminative
and stimulant properties.
OIL OF LEMON. (Oleum Limonis.) A
volatile oil obtained from the rind of the
fruit of Citrus limonum, by expression or
distillation. It has the stimulant prop-
erties of the aromatics, but is chiefly used
to impart flavor to other medicines.
OIL OF MACE. See Myristica Adeps.
OIL OF MARJORAM. (Oleum Origani,
Oil of Origanum.) An oil obtained from
Origanum vulgare. It is said that most,
if not all, of the oil of commerce is ob-
OIL
OIL
286
tained from Thymus vulgare. It is some- | oxide of rutyl, or rutylic aldehyd. It is
times used as an external irritant, and to a stimulant and antispasmodic
allay the pain of toothache.
seldom given internally.
It is but
OIL OF SASSAFRAS. A volatile oil ob-
tained from the root and its bark of sas-
safras. It is stimulant, carminative, and
diaphoretic, and has the property of dis-
solving caoutchouc.
OIL OF MASSOY. A volatile aromatic safras.
A volatile aromatic
oil obtained from massoy bark, or the bark
of the Cinnamomum kiamis.
OIL OF MUSTARD. (Oleum Sinapis.)
See Mustard, Volatile Oil of.
OIL OF NUTMEG. (Oleum Myristica,
Volatile Oil of Nutmeg.) A volatile oil
obtained from nutmeg by distillation with
water, used for the same purposes as nut-
meg.
OIL OF NUTMEG, EXPRESSED.
Myristica Adeps.
OIL OF SAVINE. (Oleum Sabinæ.) A
volatile oil distilled from fresh savin, Ju-
niperus sabina. It is colorless or yellow,
limpid, strongly odorous, and of a bitter-
ish, extremely acrid taste. Distilled with
twenty-four parts of water and eight of
chloride of lime, it evolves carbonic acid
See with effervescence, and yields chloroform.
It is stimulant, emmenagogue, and ac-
OIL OF ORIGANUM. See Oil of Marjo- tively rubefacient. It is much used to
ram.
produce abortion, and in some cases with
OIL OF PARTRIDGE BERRY. See Oil of fatal effects.
Gaultheria.
OIL OF PATCHOULY. Oil obtained from
the Pogostemon patchouly. It is composed
of C30 H2802.
OIL OF PEPPERMINT. (Oleum Menthæ
Piperita.) An oil distilled from fresh
flowering peppermint. It is a stimulant
and carminative.
OIL OF PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE. An
oil obtained from Erigeron Philadelphi-
cum. It is said to have been employed
with great advantage in uterine hemor-
rhage.
OIL OF PIMENTA. (Oleum Pimento.)
A stimulant aromatic oil obtained from
allspice by distillation.
OIL OF PUMPKIN-SEED. An oil ob-
tained by expression, or by the agency of
a menstruum, from the seeds of Cucurbita
pepo, said to have been used with success
in cases of tapeworm.
OIL OF ROSEMARY. (Oleum Rosmarini.)
The oil distilled from the flowering tops
of Rosmarinus officinalis. It is sometimes
adulterated with oil of turpentine. It is
a stimulant, but employed chiefly as an
ingredient of rubefacient liniments.
OIL OF SPEARMINT. (Oleum Mentho
Viridis.) An oil distilled from fresh
flowering spearmint, used for the same
purposes as the oil of peppermint.
OIL OF SPIKE. An oil procured from
the broad-leaved variety of lavender,
which grows wild in Europe, the Lavan-
dula spica. It is used by artists in the
preparation of varnishes, and is often
adulterated with oil of turpentine.
OIL OF SPRUCE. See Oil of Hemlock.
OIL OF STAR ANISEED. (Oleum Badi-
ani.) An oil closely analogous to oil of
anise in flavor and sensible properties. It
is obtained from the Illicium anisatum.
OIL OF SWEET ALMOND. (Oleum
Amygdalœ Dulcis.) A fixed oil, obtained
from the kernels of the fruit of Amygdalus
communis, of the dulcis variety. It is
said to be adulterated with poppy oil. It
may be used for the same purposes as
olive oil. It forms, by means of mucilage,
or the yolks of eggs and loaf sugar, a
pleasant emulsion, useful in pulmonary
affections.
OIL OF SWEET MARJORAM. A light,
lemon-colored and camphorous oil, ob-
tained by distillation from Origanum
OIL OF ROSES. See Attar of Roses.
majorana. It is not used in this country.
OIL OF RUE. (Oleum Rutœ.) The oil OIL OF TAR. An empyreumatic oil,
distilled from the fresh herb of Ruta obtained by distillation from tar or pix
graveolens. It is considered a hydrated liquida. It contains oil of turpentine and
OIL
OIL
287
!
six principles, called paraffin, eupion,
creasote, picamar, capnomor, and pittacal.
OIL OF THEOBROMA. See Butter of
Cacao.
OIL OF THYME. (Oleum Thymi.) The
volatile oil obtained from Thymus vulgaris.
It is the oil commonly sold for oil of orig-
anum, and is exclusively used as an ex-
ternal application.
OIL OF TOBACco (Oleum Tabaci.) An
empyreumatic, black oil, of a strong char-
acteristic odor, identical with that of old
tobacco pipes. It is extremely poisonous,
death having been produced by it in a
child in whom a portion of the oil from
the bowl of a tobacco-pipe was applied to
an ulcer on the lip.
OIL OF TURPENTINE. (Oleum Terebin-
thina.) An oil commonly called spirits
or spirit of turpentine, prepared by distil-
lation from our common turpentine, Pinus
palustris, and other species of Pinus. It
is stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, anthel-
mintic, cathartic, and, externally, rube-
facient.
OIL OF VALERIAN. (Oleum Valerianæ.)
An oil exercising the same influence on
the nervous system as the root. It is
obtained from the root by distillation with
water.
OIL OF VITRIOL. See Acid, Sulphuric.
OIL OF WINE CAMPHOR. A name
sometimes applied to the concrete oil of
wine, which see.
*
alcoholic extract of the leaves is said to
possess considerable febrifuge powers.
Olive oil is frequently adulterated with
the cheaper fixed oils, particularly with
that of poppies. It is nutritious and
mildly laxative. It is chiefly employed
externally.
OIL, PALM. A valuable fixed oil, ob-
tained by expression from the fruit of
Elais Guiniensis, a palm tree growing on
the western coast of Africa. It has the
consistence of butter, a rich, orange-yellow
color, a sweetish taste, and an agreeable
odor, like that of Florentine orris. It is
much employed in the manufacture of
toilet soaps. An imitation of palm oil is
sometimes made by a mixture of lard and
suet, colored with turmeric and scented
with orris.
OIL YLANG-YLANG. (Oil Ihlang-ihlang.)
An essential oil, obtained by distilling the
flowers of a large tree-Unona odoratis-
sima-which grows in the Philippine
Islands, the Straits of Malacca, and the
Indian Archipelago. It has an exquisite
odor. somewhat resembling jasmine.
OILED PAPER. Paper used as a
substitute for waxed cloth, prepared with
boiled linseed oil, yellow wax, and tur-
pentine, which is spread on silk paper, by
means of a brush, on both surfaces.
OILS. (Olea.) Liquid or solid sub-
stances characterized by an unctuous feel,
inflammability, and the property of leav-
OIL OF WINE, HEAVY. See Ethereal ing a greasy stain upon paper. They are
Oil.
OIL OF WINE, LIGHT. See Ethereal Oil.
OIL OF WORMSEED. (Oleum Chenopo-
dii.) An oil peculiar to this country.
The best is prepared in the vicinity of
Baltimore. It is an anthelmintic.
OIL OF WORMWOOD. (Oleum Absinthii.)
A volatile oil, obtained from the tops and
leaves of Artemisia absinthium. It pos-
sesses narcotic properties, and large doses
of it are capable of producing fatal effects.
OIL, OLIVE. (Oleum Olive.) The oil
obtained from the fruit of Olea Europea,
a valuable tree, usually fifteen or twenty
feet high, flourishing in all countries bor-
dering on the Mediterranean. A hydro-
fixed and volatile, distinguished by their
different habitudes in relation to the va-
porizing influence of caloric.
OILS, DISTILLED. See Distilled Oils.
OILS, DRYING. See Drying Oil.
OILS, EMPYREUMATIC. See Empyreu-
matic Oils.
OILS, ESSENTIAL. (Essential Oils.)
Oils which possess in a concentrated form
the properties of the plants from which
they are derived.
OILS, EXPRESSED. See Expressed Oils.
OILS, FIXED. See Fixed Oils.
OILS, VOLATILE. (Olea Volatilia.) Oils
capable of wasting away or of easily pass-
ing into the aeriform state. They are
OIN
OIN
288
very slightly soluble in water; agitated
with this fluid, they render it milky. They
are often adulterated with fixed oils, resin-
ous substances, and alcohol.
OINTMENT. (Unguentum.)
That
OINTMENT OF CANTHARIdes. (Oint-
ment of Spanish Flies, Unguentum Can-
tharidis.) Infuse one ounce of canthar-
ides in six ounces of olive oil in a covered
vessel for twelve hours, then place the
which serves to anoint; any soft, unctuous vessel in boiling water for fifteen minutes;
substance used for smearing; an unguent. strain through muslin with strong pres-
OINTMENT, ANTIMONIAL. (Unguentum | sure, add the product to one ounce of
Antimonii.) Tartarated antimony, in fine yellow wax previously melted, and stir
constantly while the mixture cools.
powder, oz.; simple ointment, 1 oz.
1
4
Mix thoroughly.
OINTMENT OF CARBONATE OF LEAD.
OINTMENT, CITRINE. See Citrine Oint- | (Unguentum Plumbi Carbonatis.) Mix
ment.
OINTMENT,
ment.
sixty-two grains of powdered carbonate
ELDER. See Elder Oint- of lead thoroughly with an ounce of sim-
OINTMENT, MERCURIAL. See Unguent-
um Hydrargyri.
OINTMENT OF ACETATE OF LEAD.
(Unguentum Plumbi Acetatis.) Mix twelve
grains of powdered sugar of lead with an
ounce of benzoated lard.
ple ointment.
OINTMENT OF COCCULUS. Mix one
drachm of powdered cocculus with an
ounce of lard.
OINTMENT OF CREASOTE. See Un-
guentum Creasoti.
OINTMENT OF ELEMI. See Linimentum
OINTMENT OF GALLS. (Ointment of
Nutgall, Unguentum Gallæ.)
Mix one
ounce of powdered nutgall with seven
troy ounces of lard, or eighty grains to
one ounce of benzoated lard.
OINTMENT OF ACONITIA. (Unguentum | Arcæi.
Aconitiæ.) Dissolve eight grains of acon-
itia in thirty drops of rectified spirit, and
mix it with an ounce of prepared lard.
OINTMENT OF AMMONIATED MERCURY.
(Unguentum Precipitati Albi, Ointment of
White Precipitate, Unguentum Hydrargyri
Ammoniati.) Mix forty grains of pow-
dered ammoniated mercury with an ounce
of ointment of lard.
OINTMENT OF ATROPIA. (Unguentum
Atropiæ.) Dissolve eight grains of atro-
pia in thirty drops of rectified spirit and
mix it with an ounce of prepared lard.
OINTMENT OF BELLADONNA. (Un-
guentum Belladonnæ.) Rub sixty grains of
extract of belladonna with thirty drops
of water, then with an ounce of lard till
thoroughly mixed.
OINTMENT OF GALLS WITH OPIUM.
(Unguentum Gallæ cum Opio.) Mix thirty-
two grains of powdered opium with one
ounce of ointment of galls.
OINTMENT OF IODIDE OF CADMIUM.
(Unguentum Cadmii Iodidi.) Iodide of
cadmium, sixty-two grains; simple oint-
ment, one ounce. Mix.
OINTMENT OF IODIDE OF LEAD. (Un-
guentum Plumbi Iodidi.) Iodide of lead,
sixty-two grains; simple ointment, one
ounce. Mix.
OINTMENT OF IODIDE OF POTASSIUM.
OINTMENT OF BENZOIN. See Benzoated (Unguentum Potassii Iodidi.) Dissolve one
Lard.
OINTMENT OF BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM.
(Unguentum Potassii Bromidi.) Mix from
a scruple to a drachm of bromide of potas-
sium with an ounce of lard.
OINTMENT OF CALOMEL. (Ointment of
Subchloride of Mercury, Unguentum Calo-
melanos, Unguentum Hydrargyri Subchlo-
ridi.) Mix thoroughly eighty grains of
calomel with an ounce of prepared lard.
drachm of iodide of potassium in a fluid
drachm of water, and mix the solution
with an ounce of lard.
OINTMENT OF IODIDE OF SULPHUr.
(Unguentum Sulphuris Iodidi.) Rub thirty
grains of powdered iodide of sulphur with
an ounce of lard, and mix.
OINTMENT OF IODINE. (Unguentum
Iodinii.) Rub twenty grains of iodine
and four of iodide of potassium with six
OIN
OIN
289
drops of water, and then with one ounce of stramonium with half a fluid drachm
of lard until thoroughly mixed.
of water, and then with an ounce of lard
until thoroughly mixed.
OINTMENT OF LARD. (Unguentum Adi-
pis, Unguentum Simplex, Simple Oint-
ment.) Melt together with a moderate
heat, eight troy ounces of lard and two
troy ounces of white wax; stir till cool.
OINTMENT OF SUBCHLORIDE OF MER-
CURY. See Ointment of Calomel.
OINTMENT OF SULPHUR. (Unguentum
Sulphuris.) Mix one ounce of sublimed
lard.
OINTMENT OF MEZEREON. (Unguen-sulphur with four ounces of benzoated
tum Mezerei.) Mix two drachms of the
alcoholic extract of mezereon with nine
ounces of lard and one of white wax. It
is used as a stimulating application to
blistered surfaces in order to maintain the
discharge.
OINTMENT OF NITRATE OF MERCURY.
See Citrine Ointment.
OINTMENT OF NITRIC ACID. An oint-
ment of the former Edinburgh and Dub-
lin Pharmacopoeias; similar to the citrine
ointment.
OINTMENT OF OXIDE OF ZINC. (Oin
ment of Zinc, Unguentum Zinci, Unguen-
tum Zinci Oxidi.) Mix eighty grains of
oxide of zinc with one ounce of lard.
OINTMENT OF RED IODIDE OF MER-
CURY.
(Unguentum Hydrargyri Iodidi
Rubri.) Mix sixteen grains of red iodide |
of mercury with an ounce of simple oint-
ment. Employed in scrofulous ulcers,
&c.
OINTMENT OF RED OXIDE OF MER-
CURY. (Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi
Rubri.) Mix one drachm of red oxide of
mercury in powder, with an ounce of sim-
ple ointment softened by a gentle heat.
OINTMENT OF RESIN. See Ceratum Re-
sinc.
OINTMENT OF ROSE WATER. See Cold
Cream.
OINTMENT OF SULPHURATED POTASH.
(Unguentum Potassæ Sulphuratæ.) Rub
well together in a porcelain mortar half a
drachm of sulphurated potash with an
ounce of prepared lard.
OINTMENT OF TANNIC ACID. (Unguen-
tum Acidi Tannici.) Rub half a drachm
of tannic acid, first with half a drachm
of water, and then with a troy ounce of
lard.
OINTMENT OF TAR. (Unguentum Picis
Liquido.) Mix twelve ounces of tar with
twelve ounces of melted suet; strain
through muslin, and stir till cool.
OINTMENT OF TARTARATED ANTIMONY.
See Ointment, Antimonial.
OINTMENT OF TARTAR EMETIC. See
Ointment, Antimonial.
OINTMENT OF TOBACCO.
(Unguentum
Tabaci.) Percolate half a troy ounce of
fluid ounces of liquid have passed; evapo-
powdered tobacco with water until four
rate this to the consistence of a soft ex-
tract, and mix it thoroughly with eight
ounces of lard. A useful application to
irritable ulcers.
OINTMENT OF TURPENTINE. (Unguen-
tum Terebinthinæ.) Melt together, by
means of a water-bath, one fluid ounce of
OINTMENT OF SAVINE. See Ceratum oil of turpentine, one drachm of resin, and
Sabinæ.
OINTMENT OF SPANISH FLIES.
Ointment of Cantharides.
See
OINTMENT OF SPERMACETI. (Unguen-
tum Cetacei.) Melt together with a gen-
tle heat, five ounces of spermaceti, two
ounces of white wax, and one pint of
almond oil; then remove, and stir till
cool.
OINTMENT OF STRAMONIUM. (Unguen-
tum Stramonii.) Rub a drachm of extract
half an ounce each of yellow wax and
prepared lard. Used as a dressing for
burns.
OINTMENT OF TUTTY. (Unguentum
Tutice.) An ointment prepared from the
impure oxide of zinc, for which the pure
is now substituted.
OINTMENT OF VERATRIA. (Unguentum
Veratriæ.) Rub twenty grains of veratria
with an ounce of lard, and thoroughly
mix.
19
OIN
OLE
290
OINTMENT OF WHITE PRECIPITATE.
See Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury.
OLEATE OF GLYCERIN. See Monolein.
OLEFIANT. Forming or producing
OINTMENT OF ZINC. See Ointment of oil; applied to a gas composed of four
Oxide of Zinc.
equivalents of carbon and four of hydro-
OINTMENT, SIMPLE. See Ceratum Sim-gen, generally present in coal gas, oil gas,
plex.
OINTMENTS. Fatty substances, softer
than cerates, of a consistence like that of
butter, and such that may be readily
applied to the skin.
OKRA. See Bendee.
and other gaseous mixtures, produced by
the action of heat on organic substances.
When mixed with twice its own volume
of chlorine, both its elements are con-
densed into an oily compound, whence
the name. It was discovered in 1796 by
OLD FIELD PINE. See Loblolly an association of chemists in Holland.
Pine.
OLEIC ACID. An oily liquid, insolu-
OLEA. A genus of trees of many ble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether,
species, including the olive.
lighter than water, crystallizable in needles
a little below 32°, and having a slight
smell and pungent taste. It is obtained
OLEA DESTILLATA. See Distilled Oils.
OLEA EUROPEA. The tree from which
olive oil is obtained.
OLEA FRAGRANS. An aromatic plant,
the leaves of which are frequently mixed
with tea, in order to render it pleasant to
the smell.
OLEA INFUSA. A term applied to those
preparations in which olive oil enters as a
solvent
OLEA LATIFOLIA. A variety of the
olive tree, which bears larger fruit than
the Olea longifolia, but yields an inferior
quality of oil. It is cultivated in Spain.
OLEA LONGIFOLIA. A variety of the
olive tree, cultivated in Italy and the
south of France. It yields a superior
quality of oil.
OLEACEÆ. An order of plants, to
which belong the genera Olea, Syringa,
Fraxinus, &c.
OLEAGINOUS. Having the qualities
of oil.
OLEAGINOUS MIXTURE. A name by
which a castor oil emulsion is commonly
known, and prepared as follows: Castor oil,
one ounce and a half; tinct. opii, thirty
drops; pulv. acacia, sacchari, aa two
drachms; aqua menthæ viridis, four fluid
ounces. Mix.
OLEANDER. See Nerium Oleander.
OLEANDRIN. A yellow, amorphous,
very bitter, and poisonous alkaloid, ob-
tained from Nerium odorum.
OLEATE. A compound of oleic acid,
with a salifiable base.
from olein.
OLEIN. (Elain.) The liquid principle
of oils; it is the liquid menstruum which
in most oils holds the concrete principles
in solution.
OLEORESINS. (Oleoresina.) Prepa-
rations consisting of principles, which,
when extracted by means of ether, retain
a liquid or semi-liquid state upon the
evaporation of the menstruum, and at the
same time have the property of self-pres-
ervation, differing in this respect from
fluid extracts, which require the presence
of alcohol or sugar to prevent decomposi-
tion. The principal oleoresins are those
of black pepper, capsicum, cubebs, ginger,
lupulin, and male fern.
OLEO-SACCHARUM. A name ap-
plied to sugars impregnated with volatile
oils. They form an imperfect combination
with water, being miscible with that li-
quid to a limited extent only.
OLEUM. See Oils.
OLEUM COCOIs. Oil of cocoanut.
OLEUM CORNU CERVI. See Dippel's
Animal Oil.
OLEUM FAGI. Beech oil.
OLEUM HEDWIGIE. A yellowish oil,
carbohydrogen, of a terebinthinate odor,
obtained from Hedwigia balsamifera, or
Mountain balsam.
OLEUM HYPERICI. (Red Oil.) A prep-
aration made by treating the flowering
OLE
OPI
291
summits of St. John's wort with a fixed!
oil. It is used for bruises, &c.
OLEUM PHOSPHORATUM. (Phosphorated
Oil.)
Dissolve twelve grains of phos-
phorus in an ounce of almond oil by the
heat of warın water.
OLEUM TARTARI PER DELIQUIUM. A
term applied by the older chemists to
carbonate of potassa, after it had assumed
the oily liquid state by deliquescence.
OLEUM SULPHURATUM. A former name
for balsam of sulphur.
OLEUM TEMPLINUM. A colorless or
pale yellow oil, carbohydrogen in compo-
sition, obtained from Pinus pumilio or
Mountain pine.
OPHELIA CHIRATA. See Agathotes
Chirayta.
OPHELIC ACID. An acid formed by
the action of acids on chiretin. It is deli-
quescent, syrupy, of a yellowish-brown
color, taste at first sour, and afterward
intensely bitter, and composed of C26H20
020
OPIANIA, } A new alkaloid discov-
OPIANIN. ered in opium. It is in
long, colorless, transparent needles, be-
longing to the prismatic system. It is
powerfully narcotic, and resembles mor-
phia in its action.
OPIANIC ACID. An acid obtained
by heating narcotin with an excess of
OLEUM THEOBROME. See Butter of sulphuric acid and deutoxide of manga-
Cacao.
OLEUM TIGLII. Croton oil.
OLIBANUM. The frankincense of
the ancients. It is chiefly employed for
fumigation, and enters into the composi-
tion of some plasters. There are two varie-
ties, one derived from Boswellia serrata,
and the other from Plosslea floribunda;
the former is called Indian, and the latter
African, olibanum, or Frankincense.
OLINIC ACID. An acid contained
in the drying oils, linseed, nut, hemp-
seed, &c., &c.
OLIVILE. A peculiar principle anal-
ogous to gum found in olive oil.
OLIVINE. A bitter, crystalline mat-
ter, found on the leaves of the olive plant.
OMPHACINE. A viscous brown juice,
extracted from green olives, with which
the wrestlers in the ancient gymnastic
exercises used to anoint their bodies.
ONAGRACEAE. An order of plants,
to which belong the genera Epilobium and
Enothera.
ONION. See Cepa.
ONOCERIN. A crystallizable prin-
ciple, composed of С₁₂¤₁0О, obtained from
the root of Ononis spinosa.
12 10
62
ONONIN. A crystallizable principle,
of the composition C2H3O27, inodorous,
readily soluble in boiling water and alco-
hol, obtained from the root of Ononis
spinosa.
nese.
OPIATE. Any medicine that contains
opium, and has the quality of inducing
sleep.
OPIATED SYRUP OF LACTUCA-
RIUM. (Sirop de Lactucarium Opiace.)
A syrup of the French Codex, in which an
alcoholic extract of lactucarium is used
in double the quantity of extract of opium.
"OPIFERQUE PER ORBEM DI-
COR." The motto of the English apoth-
"And I am called
ecaries' coat of arms.
a 'bringer of help' throughout the world."
OPIUM. A stimulant narcotic, con-
sisting of the concrete juice of the unripe
capsules of Papaver somniferum or white
poppy plant, from which it is believed to
be derived exclusively, though other va-
rieties of poppy are capable of yielding it.
The plant is a native of Asia, and grows
wild in Europe and England. It is cul-
tivated in India, Persia, Egypt, and Asi-
atic Turkey.
OPIUM, PATNA. A variety of Bengal
opium called Garden Patna Opium. It is
prepared in Bahar, with peculiar care,
from juice which has not been suffered to
undergo fermentation. It is in cakes,
three or four inches square, and packed
with a layer of mica between them. Some
specimens are little inferior to Turkey
opium.
OPIUM, PERSIA. A variety of opium
rarely found in this country. It is in
OPI
ORE
292
used.
cylindrical pieces, about three and a half | modic and deobstruent, but is now seldom
inches long, some being also spherical and
irregular. They yield from six to eight
per cent. of morphia.
OPIUM, SMYRNA. A variety of opium
most abundant in our markets, and from
which the ordinary descriptions of opium
are drawn up. It is in masses of various
sizes, from a quarter to a pound in weight.
The finer parcels are of a light-brown
color within, and the inferior of a darker,
a musty smell, and mouldy appearance.
Good Smyrna opium ought to yield from
ten to eleven per cent. of morphia.
OPIUM, THEBAICUM. A name by
which the opium formerly produced in
the district of ancient Thebes was known.
Laudanum is still occasionally called
Tincture of Thebaica in consequence. The
cultivation of opium has again been intro-
duced into Egypt, and considerable quan-
tities are exported.
OPIUM, TURKEY. A title belonging to
the opium produced in the Turkish prov-
ince of Anatolia, and exported from Smyr-
na and Constantinople. There is no
essential difference between the parcels of
the drug brought from these two ports.
OPIUM WAX. A waxy substance which
forms on the capsule of the poppy after
the petals have fallen.
OPOBALSAMUM. A name by which
the Balm or Balsam of Gilead was formerly
known.
OPODELDOC. See Liniment of Soap,
Camphorated.
OPODELDOC CHLOROFORMATUM. (Chlo-
roformated Opodeldoc.) Dissolve two parts
of soap in twenty parts of strong alcohol,
filter, and add three parts of chloroform.
A
OPOIDIA GALBANIFERA.
name formerly given to an undescribed
plant as the source of the gum galbanum,
the true source of which still remains
undetermined.
OPOPONAX. The concrete juice of
Pastinaca opoponax or Opoponax chironium,
a species of parsnep called Rough Par-
snep, native of the Levant, and growing
wild in France, Italy, and Greece. It
was formerly regarded as an antispas-
OPUNTIA COCHINILLIFERA. See
Nopal.
OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA. A species of
Opuntia adapted to the support of the
cochineal insect, and cultivated for that
purpose in Teneriffe, the dry and hot cli-
mate of which being peculiarly adapted
both to the growth of the plant and the
insect.
ORANGE BERRIES. See Issue Peas.
ORANGE FLOWERS. See Aurantii Flores.
ORANGE MINERAL. (Orange Red, San-
dix.) Red oxide of lead, prepared by
calcining carbonate of lead. It is of a
bright color, and used as a pigment.
ORANGE RED. See Orange Mineral.
ORANGE ROOT. See Hydrastis.
ORANGE WINE. Wine made by the
fermentation of a saccharine solution to
which the fresh peel of the bitter orange
has been added.
ORANGE-FLOWER WATER. See
Aqua Aurantii Florum.
ORANGES. The fruit of Citrus auran-
tium and Citrus vulgaris; that of the for-
mer is sweet, and that of the latter sour
and bitterish. The Seville orange is the
product of the latter.
ORCEIN. A peculiar coloring matter,
prepared from orcine by the action of
ammonia and oxygen. Litmus has also
been prepared from it.
ORCHIDACEÆ. A family of plants
to which belong the genera Angræcum
and Cypripedium.
ORCHIL. See Archil.
ORCHILLA WEED. See Canary
Weed.
ORCHIS MASCULA. A plant, the
prepared bulbs of which and other species
constitute the drug known as salep. It is
prepared in Western Europe.
ORCINE. A peculiar saccharine
principle, extracted from the Variolaria
dealbata, a lichenous plant inhabiting the
Pyrenees.
ORDEAL BEAN OF CALABAR.
See Bean of Calabar.
ORENBURGH GUM. A concrete
ORG
OST
293
!
juice which exudes from the trunks of Indies, and now cultivated all over the
larch trees when forests of them take fire. globe. It is highly nutritious.
OS. (Bone.) See Bone.
Character-
ORGANO-METALLIC.
izing or pertaining to a chemical combi-
nation of certain organic radicals with
metals. Organo-metallic bodies are chem-
ical compounds in which compound organic
radicals, such as ethyl, methyl, &c., are
united with metals in a manner analogous
to that in which the elementary radical,
chlorine, is combined with sodium and
zinc in sea-salt and chloride of zinc.
OS SEPIÆ. See Cuttle-Fish Bone.
OS USTUM. See Bone Ash.
OSMAZÈME GLACÉE. A concen-
trated beef tea imported into France from
the Rio Grande.
OSMAZOME. A substance obtained
from muscular fibre, which gives the char-
acteristic odor and taste of soup, and was
formerly supposed to be a definite com-
ORIGANUM. See Marjoram, Com- pound.
mon.
ORIGANUM MAJORANA,
ORIGANUM MAJORANOIDes.
OSMIATE. A salt formed by the com-
bination of osmic acid with a base.
OSMIC ACID. An acid obtained from
OSMIOUS ACID. An acid contain-
osmium.
See Marjoram, Sweet.
ORGEAT. A liquor extracted from
barley and sweet almonds, used for flavor-ing a smaller proportion of oxygen than
ing purposes.
ORLEANA. See Annotta.
ORNUS EUROPÆA. See Flowering
Ash.
ORNUS ROTUNDIFOLIA. A species of
Ornus, native of Sicily, Calabria, and
Apulia, which contributes to the supply
of manna.
"}
OROBANCHE AMERICANA,
OROBANCHE UNIFLORA.
Species of Orobanche growing in this
country, possessing properties similar to
those of the Orobanche Virginiana, and,
like it, called Cancer Root, which see.
They are all parasitic, fleshy plants, with-
out verdure, and of a bitter, nauseous
taste.
OROBANCHE VIRGINIANA. See Cancer
Root.
ORPIMENT. See King's Yellow.
ORRIS. See Florentine Orris.
ORRUBINIC ACID. (Rufocatechuic
Acid.) A principle contained in the oxi-
dized alkaline solution of catechuic acid.
ORSEILLE. See Lacmus.
ORSELLIC ACID. The principle
upon which the valuable property of those
lichens which furnish litmus depend.
is composed of C₁6H3Og.
16 -8
It
ORYZA SATIVA. (Rice.) An annual
plant, originally derived from the East
osmic acid.
OSMITOPSIS ASTERICOIDES.
(Cape of Good Hope.) An herb yielding
an oxygenated oil of a greenish-yellow
color, and an odor like that of camphor or
cajeput; composition C₂H1 and C20H18O2.
20 16
OSMIUM. A brittle gray-colored
metal, found with platinum. Its oxide
forms a volatile acid of an acrid, disa-
greeable odor.
OSMIUM AMIDE. An orange-yel-
low, crystalline, odorless powder, com-
posed of OsO₂NH2, soluble in water, and
recommended in place of perosmic acid
for histological research. It colors all
animal tissues at first brown, and finally
black.
OSMOSE. The tendency in fluids to
mix or become equably diffused when in
contact. It was first discovered between
fluids of different densities, and as taking
place through a membrane of an inter-
vening porous structure. The more rapid
flow from the thinner to the thicker fluid
was then called endosmose, and the op-
posite slower current, exosmose. Both
are, however, results of the same force.
Osmose may be regarded as a form of
molecular attraction, allied to that of ad-
hesion.
OSSEINE. See Collagen.
OSTEINE.
The organic matter of
OST
OXG
294
bone, after the earthy matter has been
removed. It is converted into gelatine
by boiling.
OSTREA EDULIS. The oyster.
OTAHEITAN SUGAR CANE. A
variety of Sorghum introduced from the
islands of the South Pacific.
OTOLITHUS REGALIS. A fish from
which a good quality of isinglass is made.
OTTO OF ROSES. See Attar of
Roses.
OUNCE. A weight, the twelfth part
of a pound troy, and the sixteenth part of
a pound avoirdupois. In troy weight
the ounce is twenty pennyweights, each
of twenty-four grains, or in all four hun-
dred and eighty grains. In avoirdupois
weight, the ounce contains four hundred
and thirty-seven and a half grains.
OURETIC ACID. An acid obtained
from urine.
OVALBUMEN. The albumen or white
of an egg.
OVARY. That part of the pistil which
contains the seed, and in the course of de-
velopment becomes the fruit.
OVATE. Having the shape of a sec-
tion of an egg and attached by the larger
end.
OVI VITELLUS. The yolk of an
egg.
OVUM. (Egg.) The egg of Phasianus
gallus or Gallus Banckiva, the common
dunghill fowl.
OXALATE. A salt formed by a com-
bination of oxalic acid with a base.
OXALATE OF CERIUM. See Cerii
Oxalas.
OXALATE OF IRON. (Protoxalate of
Iron.) A chalybeate prepared by adding
a solution of protosulphate of iron to an
excess of solution of oxalate of ammonia
containing a little free oxalic acid. Its
composition is FeOCO₂+4HO. Dose, two
or three grains.
OXALATE OF POTASSA. A salt formed
by the combination of oxalic acid and
potassa.
OXALATE OF QUINIA. A salt formed
by the combination of oxalic acid and
quinia. It is quite insoluble in water.
OXALATE OF QUINIDIA. A salt formed
by the combination of oxalic acid and
quinidia. It is very soluble and easily
crystallizable by refrigeration or evapora-
tion.
OXALATE OF THALLIUM. A neutral
oxalate obtained when dilute solution of
oxalic acid is saturated with carbonate
of thallium until carbonic acid ceases to
be evolved.
OXALHYDRATE OF LEAD. See
Lead, Saccharate.
OXALHYDRIC ACID. (Saccharic
Acid.) An acid obtained by the action of
nitric acid on sugar. Oxalic acid is gen-
erated at the same time, which, having
crystallized out of the liquid, leaves the
saccharic acid in solution.
OXALIC ACID. See Acidum Oxali-
сит.
OXALIDACEÆ. An order of plants
to which the genus Oxalis belongs.
OXALIS ACETOSELLA. See Aceto-
sella.
OXALIS CRASSICAULIS. A Peruvian
species of oxalis yielding an edible root,
and by expression from its leaves, a very
sour and astringent juice, which is em-
ployed in the form of syrup in hemor-
rhages, chronic catarrh, and gonorrhoea.
OXALIS VIOLACEA. A species of Oxalis
possessing properties similar to those of
the Acetosella.
OXAMIDE. A light, white powder,
insoluble in cold water and alcohol, but
soluble in boiling water; neutral to test-
paper. It is obtained as a precipitate by
adding ammonia to oxalic ether, and as a
sublimate by the dry distillation of ox-
alate of ammonia.
Its composition is
C₂HN,O₂. Oxamide is the simplest term
of a series of oxamides containing alco-
2
hol radicals.
OXFORD OCHRE. An ochre of a
brownish-yellow color, less deep than the
Roman. See Ochres.
OX GALL. See Fel Bovinum,
ΟΧΙ
OXY
295
OXIDATE. To convert into an oxide,
as metals and other substances, by combi-
nation with oxygen. It differs from acidify,
to make acid, or to convert into an acid,
as in oxidation the oxygen that enters into
combination is not sufficient to form an
acid.
OXIDATION. The operation or pro-
cess of converting into an oxide, as metals
or other substances, by combining them
with oxygen.
OXIDATOR. A contrivance for caus-
ing the external current of air to impinge
on the flame of the Argand lamp; called
also oxygenator.
any of
OXIDE. A compound of oxygen and
a base destitute of acid and salifying prop-
erties. This word was formerly used to
denote a substance not acid, formed by the
combination of some simple body with
oxygen, it not being known that any
the oxides possessed acid properties. The
same termination as indicative of combi-
nation is added to the first syllable or
syllables of the names of other elements.
Thus, from chlorine, sulphur, phosphorus,
iodine, carbon, bromine, and nitrogen, we
have respectively chloride, sulphide, phos-
phide, iodide, carbide, bromide, and ni-
tride.
OXIDE OF ETHYL. See Ether.
OXIDE OF GOLD. A preparation formed
by treating the nitromuriatic solution of
gold with an excess of magnesia, and
washing the precipitate, first with water,
and afterwards with dilute nitric acid.
OXIDE OF MANGANESE. See Black
Oxide of Manganese.
OXIDE OF SILVER. See Argenti Oxi-
dum.
OXIDE OF ZINC. (Zinci Oxidum.) Ex-
pose twelve ounces of precipitated car-
bonate of zinc, in a shallow vessel, to a
low red heat, until the water and carbonic
acid are wholly expelled.
OXIDIZE. To convert into an oxide.
OXYACETIC ACID. See Glycolic
Acid.
OXYCANTHIN, See Berbina.
OXYCHLORIC. Pertaining to or
consisting of oxygen and chloric acid;
said of a certain acid obtained from chlo-
rate of potassa, and called also Hyperchloric
and Perchloric acid.
OXYCHLORIDE OF CALCIUM.
Chlorinated lime.
OXYCHLORIDE OF SILICIUM. A com-
pound (Si₂OCl), formed by passing chlo-
ride of silicium through an empty porcelain
tube, or one filled with fragments of fel-
spar, heated to a temperature approaching
the point of fusion of this mineral, con-
densing the product, and repeating the
process several times.
OXYCHLORIDE OF SODIUM. (Bichloride
of Soda.) A chemical constituent of the
solution of chlorinated soda.
OXYGEN. A gaseous element, desti-
tute in its ordinary condition of taste,
color, and smell, possessing strong chemi-
cal affinities. Its combination with bodies,
when rapid, produces combustion, and, in
slower form, oxidation. It serves to sup-
port life, and, though heavier than air,
forms about twenty-two per cent. of the
atmosphere. By composition with hydro-
gen it forms water. In certain conditions
it is peculiarly active, and possesses both
odor and taste; it is then known as
ozone.
OXYGENATE. To unite or cause to
combine with oxygen.
OXYHYDROGEN. Of or pertaining
to a mixture or combination of oxygen
and hydrogen, as oxyhydrogen gas.
OXYHYDROGEN BLOWPIPE. A
blowpipe in which oxygen and hydrogen
gases are burned together, in order to pro-
duce an intense heat.
OXYLIZARIC ACID. (Purpurin.)
An acid obtained from madder by fer-
mentation, composed of C₁H8O6+HO;
purpurin.
18
OXYMEL. A mixture of vinegar and
honey. Liquefy forty ounces of honey
by heat, and mix with it five fluid ounces
of acetic acid and five of distilled water.
This forms a pleasant addition to gargles,
expectorant medicines, drinks in febrile
complaints, &c., &c.
OXYMEL OF SQUILL. (Oxymel Scillæ.)
OXY
PAL
296
Mix a pint of vinegar of squill with two | possesses properties similar to the prepared
pounds of clarified honey, and evaporate chalk.
by a water-bath until the product, when
cold, shall have the specific gravity of
1.32.
OXYMURIATE. A chloride; a term
formerly applied to the chlorides, on the
supposition that they were compounds of
a supposed acid (called oxymuriatic acid)
and a base.
OZONE. Oxygen in an active or highly
electro-negative state.
OZONIC ETHER. A name proposed
for a solution of peroxide of hydrogen in
ether. It is said to be a valuable remedy
in diabetes. It acts by oxidizing the sugar
in the circulation, and thus causing its
elimination through the lungs instead of
OXYMURIATE OF LIME. See Calcis the kidneys.
Chloridum.
OXYPHENIC ACID. (Pyrocatechuic
Acid, Pyrodioric Acid.) An acid obtained
by the dry distillation of catechu, kino,
rhatany, fustic, &c., &c., and composed
of C₁₂H₂O+HO.
3
OXYPHENYLEN-DISULPHONIC
ACID. An acid formed by the action of
sulphuric acid on phenol, or of anhydrous
sulphuric acid on phenylic acid.
OXYPICRIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained by the action of boiling nitric acid
on purreic acid. It crystallizes in long,
yellow needles.
OXYPINITANNIC ACID. An acid
associated with pinitannic acid in the
leaves of Pinus sylvestris and Thuja occi-
dentalis, and composed of CH8O9-
14
OXYQUINIA. A substance differing
from quinia in containing two additional
equivalents of oxygen. It is obtained by
boiling sulphate of quinia with a solution
of nitrate of potassa, and evaporating.
OXYSTRYCHNIA. A substance ob-
tained from strychnia in the same manner
that oxyquinia is obtained from quinia.
OXYSULPHURET. A combination
of sulphur with a metallic oxide.
OXYTOCICS. (Uterine Motor Stimu-
lants.) Remedies which promote uterine
contraction.
OZONIDES. A name given to those
oxides in which the oxygen appears to
exist, as ozone. See Ozone.
P.
PADOUK TREE. A species of Ptero-
carpus which contributes to the supply of
the East India kino.
PAEONIA OFFICINALIS. (Peony.)
A well-known plant, native of Southern
Europe, the root of which was formerly
used as a remedy in epilepsy.
PAGLIARI'S STYPTIC. A liquid
said to have the property of causing an
instant coagulation of the blood. It is
made by boiling for six hours, eight
ounces of tincture of benzoin (contain-
ing two ounces of the balsam), a pound of
alum, and ten pounds of water, in a glazed
earthen vessel, stirring constantly, and
The
supplying the loss with hot water.
liquor is then strained and kept in stopped
bottles.
PAIN DE PORCEAU. See Cyclamen
Europæum.
PAINT. A composition of coloring
matter, with oil or other liquid; a pig-
A composition for heightening or
beautifying the color or complexion of the
face.
ment.
PALATABLE. Agreeable to the palate
or taste.
OYSTER. See Ostrea Edulis.
OYSTER-SHELL. (Testa.) The shell PALE BARK. A name given to a
of Ostrea edulis or common oyster. It is variety of Peruvian barks from the color
found in many parts of the world, and is of their powder. They are called by the
abundant on our own coasts. Oyster-French, Quinquinas gris or gray barks,
shells contain carbonate and phosphate of from the color of the epidermis.
lime. Reduced to an impalpable powder,
they constitute the Testa præparata, which
PALE CATECHU. See Gambir.
PALE ROSE. See Cabbage Rose Petals.
PAL
PAN
297
Palmin, or as it was afterwards named,
Ricinelaidin.
PALMIN. (Ricinelaidin.) A fatty
substance obtained by the action of nitrous
acid on castor oil.
PALICOUREA MARGRAVII. A
plant growing abundantly in Brazil, en-
joying considerable reputation as a rat
poison. It is employed in the fresh state
only, and the rats are said to be attracted
by it as cats are by valerian. It contains
myroctonic acid, which is regarded as
the poisonous principle. The Palicourea
noxia is the most employed species, but
more difficult to obtain.
PALICOUREA NOXIA, See Palicourea either margarin or stearin. It is formed
Margravii.
PALLAD-AMMONIICYANIDUM.
A compound obtained when cyanhydric
acid is added to a solution of palladio-
protochloride of ammonium, forming
white, powdery crystals, which are soluble
in hot water.
2
PALLADIO-BICHLORIDE OF PO-
TASSIUM. A compound composed of
PaCl₂KCl, prepared by passing chlorine
through a concentrated solution of pal-
ladio-protochloride of potassium, forming
a fine scarlet-colored precipitate.
PALLADIUM. A metal discovered,
in 1803, by Wollaston, and found in very
small grains, of a steel-gray color and
fibrous structure, in auriferous and pla-
tiniferous sand. It is infusible by an ordi-
nary heat, and, when native, is alloyed
with a little platinum and iridium.
PALLIATIVE. A medicine which
mitigates, alleviates or abates the violence
of pain or disease.
PALM TREE. See Oil, Palm.
PALM SOAP. A soap prepared from
soda and palm oil, to which tallow is added
to increase its firmness.
PALM SUGAR. Jaggary.
PALMA CHRISTI. The castor oil
plant.
PALME. The family of plants to
which belong a large variety of palms.
PALMATE. A salt formed by the
combination of palmic acid with a base.
PALMATE. Spreading from the apex
of a petiole, as the divisions of a leaf or
leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with
outspread fingers.
PALMIC ACID. (Ricinelaidic Acid.)
An acid obtained by the saponification of
PALMITIC ACID. An acid obtained
by the saponification of palmitin, com-
posed of C32H32O4-
PALMITIN. A peculiar constituent
of palm oil, differing in properties from
by the union of palmitic acid and glycerin.
PALOMAO. See Flotovia Diacanthoides.
PALPABLE. Perceptible by the
touch.
PANACEA. A remedy for all dis-
eases; a universal medicine; a cure-all;
a catholicon.
PANACEA LAPSORUM. A name given
to arnica flowers, because of its supposed
virtues in that disordered condition which
succeeds concussion of the brain from
falls, blows, &c.
PANACON. A white substance, in-
soluble in water, obtained by the action of
strong acids on panaquilon.
PANADA. See Dietary, in second part
of this work.
PANAQUILON.
A peculiar amor-
phous yellow powder, soluble in water
and alcohol, and of a sweet-bitterish taste,
obtained from ginseng.
PANAX. See Ginseng.
PANAX COLENSI. A neat tree of the
order Araliaceæ, abounding in New Zea-
land, which yields a gum closely allied
to gum arabic.
PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUM. The genuine
Manchoorin Ginseng plant. See Ginseng.
PANAX SCHINSENG. A name given
by some to the Ginseng plant of Chinese
Tartary.
An
PANCREATIC EMULSION.
emulsion made with the pancreatic juice
of the pig, and lard or cod-liver oil. It
is highly valued in the treatment of con-
sumptive patients, who are very apt to
have a dislike for fat, which they digest
with difficulty in most forms.
PANCREATINE. A name conferred
upon the pancreatic juice of the pig, which,
PAN
PAR
298
it is said, unites all the properties of the | insoluble in water, obtained from opium.
digestive fluids.
It is capable of forming salts with acids.
PAPAVERIS CAPSULE. Poppy
capsules.
PANDURIFORM. Obovate, with a
concavity on each side; as a panduriform
leaf.
PANICLE. A form of inflorescence in
which the cluster is much and irregularly
branched in a branched raceme, as in oats
and some of the grasses.
PANICULATED.
arranged in, or like panicles.
PANICUM. A genus of grasses, in-
cluding many species.
Furnished with,
PANIS. Wheat bread.
PANNA. A European name for the
root of Aspidium athamanticum, a species
of Male fern or Aspidium, growing in
South Africa.
PANSY. (Viola Tricolor.) A species
of violet, formerly highly esteemed as a
remedy in crusta lactea.
PAPERS. Chartæ.
PAPIER ÉPISPASTIQUE SUPÉ-
RIEUR D'ABESPEYRES.
A paper
coated with the following mixture: Croton
oil, one part; Japan wax, two parts.
PAPILLA. A small, elongated pro-
jection; a nipple-shaped projection.
PAPPOOSE ROOT. See Caulophyl-
lum Thalictroides.
PAPPUS. The hairy, feathery, or
membranous calyx of the individual flo-
rets in certain compound flowers of the
order Compositæ, as the dandelion, &c.
PAPYRINE. See Parchment Paper.
PARA-ALBUMEN. A modified form
of albumen, scarcely turbid on boiling,
found in the liquid of dropsical ovaries.
PARACELSUS. A Swiss physician
PAPAVER. (Poppy, Poppy Capsules.)
The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. of celebrity, who lived at the close of the
fifteenth century.
They are analogous in medical properties
to opium, though exceedingly feeble.
PAPAVER ORIENTALE. A species of
poppy, thought by some authors to be
the real source of opium.
PAPAVER RHŒAS. The red or corn
poppy; a species of poppy distinguished
by its hairy stem. It grows wild in
Europe in great abundance.
It con-
tains the properties of opium, but in too
small a degree to repay the trouble of its
preparation. It has a brilliant flower,
and has been naturalized in this country.
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM. The white
poppy; the species of poppy recognized
as the source of opium. It is a native
of Asia, but at present cultivated in In-
dia, Persia, Egypt, and Asiatic Turkey.
PAPAVERACEÆ. A family of
plants which include the genera Papaver,
Eschscholtzia, Dendromecon, Sanguin-
aria, &c.
PAPAVERIC ACID. This and rhoa-
dic acid constitutes the scarlet coloring
principles of the flowers of Papaver rhoeas.
PAPAVERIN, An alkaloid, crys-
PAPAVERINA. Štallizable in needles
PAPAVERINA.} tallizable in needles
PARACINIA. An alkaloid discov-
ered in Para bark, bearing the same rela-
tion to aricina that chinoidina bears to
quinia.
PARACYANOGEN.
A brownish-
black insoluble substance, which remains
after the decomposition of the cyanide of
mercury by heat. It is apparently iso-
meric with cyanogen.
PARADISE GRAINS. See Amomum
Grana Paradisi.
3
14
PARÆLLAGIC ACID. (Rufigallic
An acid obtained by treating
Acid.)
gallic acid with SO, and throwing into
water. It is composed of C₁₁HO+2Aq.
PARAFFIN. A white, translucent,
crystalline substance, tasteless and ino-
dorous; obtained from the distillation of
mineral and vegetable tar. It resembles
spermaceti, fuses at 110° Fahrenheit, and
is much used for making candles, and in
a liquid form for lubricating machinery.
It derives its name from its remarkable
resistance to chemical action. It is a solid
carbohydrogen, and most abundantly ob-
tained by distilling cannel coal, when it
comes over with certain isomeric oils,
comes
PAR
PAS
299
several of the least volatile of which, ap-
pearing towards the close of the distilla-
tion, form a mixture called Paraffin Oil.
PARAFFIN OIL. See Paraffin.
PARAGLIN,
PARILLINIC ACID.}
ly altered. It is converted into a tough
membranous body resembling parch-
ment, hence its name, while its strength
is enormously increased, so that a strip
which originally would not support more
than three or four pounds weight when
dry, and scarcely an ounce when wet, will
now carry over thirty pounds either wet
or dry. Parchment paper is now largely
manufactured, and it is of great use for
See Sarsa-
parillin.
PARAGUAY TEA. See Ilex Mate.
PARAKOMENIC ACID. An acid
obtained by the dry distillation of komenic
acid, and composed of C₁₂H,O10"
PARALLIC ACID. The same as smi- replacing parchment, as well as for cover-
lacin; composed of C2H4O14
ing jam-pots, &c. To the chemist it is
ACID. Fumaric invaluable as forming the most efficient
septum for the process of dialysis.
PARAMALEIC
acid.
121
34
PARAMENISPERMIN. A princi-
ple discovered in the shell of Cocculus
Indicus. It is identical with menisper-
min in composition, but distinguishable
by its want of alkalinity, its volatility,
its solubility, and crystalline form.
PARAMORPHIA. (Thebaina.) A
name given to a principle discovered in
the precipitate thrown down from an in-
fusion of opium treated with milk of lime.
It is analogous in composition with mor-
phia, though differing in properties.
PARANAPHTHALINE. A substance
closely resembling naphthaline, found in
coal tar; called also Anthracene. It is a
carbohydrogen.
PARAPECTIC ACID. A pectic acid
composed of C21H15021+2HO.
PARASORBIC ACID. An acid dis-
covered in Sorbin, a peculiar kind of sugar
obtained from the Sorbus aucuparia or
mountain ash.
PARATARTARIC ACID. (Uvic
Acid, Racemic Acid.) An acid isomeric
with tartaric acid. It exists naturally in
small proportion in the juice of grapes
growing in particular localities.
PARATARTRATE OF POTASSA.
See Biracemate of Potassa.
PARCHMENT PAPER. When un-
sized paper is plunged into a cold mixture
of two parts of concentrated sulphuric acid
and one part of water, and after a few sec-
onds removed and well washed in an abun-
dance of pure water, it will be found that
while its chemical composition remains
the same, its physical properties are entire-
See remarks in Toxicological Table in
the second part of this work.
PAREGORIC ELIXIR.
phorated Tincture of Opium.
See Cam-
PAREIRA. (Pareira Brava.) The
root of Cissampelos pareira, which see.
The Pareira brava with which our mar-
kets have been supplied for years past,
seems to have consisted chiefly of the
stems instead of the root.
PARENCHYMA. The soft, cellular
tissue of plants, like the green pulp of
leaves; also the pith.
PARIDIN. An organic principle
composed of C₁H1207, obtained from the
herb Parisquadrifolia.
PARIETARIA OFFICINALIS.
(Wall Pellitory.) A perennial European
herb, growing on old walls and heaps of
rubbish. It is given in Europe in com-
plaints of the urinary passages, dropsy,
and febrile affections.
PARIS WHITE. A variety of whiting.
PARMELIA SCRUPOSA. A plant
belonging to the family of lichens; called
also Patellaria scruposa.
PARSLEY ROOT. See' Petroselinum.
PARSNEP, ROUGH. See Opoponax.
PARTHENIUM INTEGRIFOLI-
UM. (Prairie Dock.) A perennial her-
baceous herb, growing in the prairies of
the Southwestern States, the flowering
tops of which are said to be powerfully
antiperiodic.
PARTRIDGE-BERRY. See Checker-
berry.
PASSION-FLOWER. A flower and
PAS
PEA
300
plant of the genus Passiflora. The roots | The solid contents are:
and leaves are generally more or less
noxious, and are used in medicine.
PASSIVITY. The condition of a sub-
stance in which it has no disposition to
enter into chemical combinations. Hence
a substance or element may exist in the
two states of activity and passivity.
PASTA GUMMOSA. A paste pre-
pared by dissolving two pounds of gum
arabic in four pounds of water, and intro-
ducing it into a bright brass kettle; two
pounds of finely powdered sugar and the
whites of twelve eggs are then added, the
kettle is placed on a moderate fire, and
the mixture vigorously stirred, without
intermission, for from forty-five to fifty
minutes, or until the mass becomes of the
proper consistence. Before pouring the
mass out it may be flavored with one
drachm elæosaccharum neroli.
PASTEL. See Isatis Tinctoria.
PASTIL,
A small cone made
PASTILLE. § of gum benzoin, cinna-
mon, and other aromatics, to be burned for
cleansing and scenting the air of a room ;
as fumigating pastilles.
}
PASTINACA OPOPONAX. See Opo-
ponax.
PATCHOULY. A plant of the genus
Pogostemon (Pogostemon Patchouly), from
the essential oil of which a highly valued
perfume is made.
PATELLARIA SCRUPOSA.
Parmelia Scruposa.
See
187.68 grains of common salt.
4.92
"(
carbonate of soda.
52.84
lime.
56.92
"[
magnesia.
3.51
"L
1.48
แ
sulphate of soda.
2.59
0 42
((
iodide of sodium.
แ
alumina.
1.16
แ
0.19 "L
silica.
iron.
phosphate of lime,
and a trace of bromide of potassium.
PEACH BRANDY.
A liquor dis-
tilled from the fruit of the peach tree, or
Amygdalus Persica.
PEACH LEAVES. The leaves of the com-
mon peach, or Amygdalus Persica. It is
supposed to be a native of Persia. The
leaves are said to be laxative and anthel-
mintic. They have, to a moderate extent,
the peculiar powers of hydrocyanic acid.
PEACH WOOD. See Nicaragua Wood.
PEANUTS. See Arachis Hypogœa.
PEARL ASH. A somewhat impure
carbonate of potassa, obtained by calcin-
ing potash upon a reverberatory hearth.
PEARL BARLEY. See Hordeum Per-
latum.
PEARL POWDER. A powder made from
subnitrate of bismuth, used as a cosmetic;
called also Pearl White.
PEARL SAGO. The prepared fecula of
the pith of Sagus Rumphii, and of other
species of Sagus; trees inhabiting the
islands and coasts of the Indian Ocean.
PEARL TAPIOCA. A factitious tapioca,
PATENT YELLOW. See Mineral consisting of very small, smooth, spheri-
Yellow.
PATNA OPIUM. See Opium, Patna.
PAULLINIA SORBILIS, }
PAULLINIA CUPANA.
See Guarana.
PAVIIN. A principle similar to æs-
culin, and identical with fraxin, obtained
from various species of Æsculus, and barks
of the genus Pavia.
PAVILION SPRING, SARATOGA.
The gaseous contents of a wine gallon of
this water are:
359.05 cubic inches of carbonic acid,
atmospheric air.
5.03
แ
LL
cal grains, supposed to be prepared from
potato starch.
PEARL WHITE. (Pearl Powder.) A
cosmetic identical with the subnitrate of
bismuth, made by adding a solution of
the ternitrate of teroxide of bismuth to
distilled water.
PEARLS OF ETHER. See Capsules
of Ether.
PEARSON'S ARSENICAL SOLU-
TION. An aqueous solution of arseniate
of soda, containing one grain of the salt
in a fluid ounce. It is used in Europe in
the form of a bath.
PEA
PEM
301
ན
PEAT CHARCOAL. A cheap dis-
infectant formed by charring peat.
PECAN-NUT. See Castanea Oliva-
formis.
PECTASE. A peculiar ferment ex-
isting in galls, capable of forming pectin.
in plants, and of converting tannic into
gallic acid by the aid of temperature and
water.
PECTIC ACID. A colorless jelly,
slightly acidulous, with the property of
reddening litmus paper. It is capable of
forming salts with the alkalies which will
gelatinize. It is thought to exist in many
plants already formed. Pectic acid can
be converted from pectin by the agency
of a fixed alkali and by vegetable alkali.
PECTIN. (Vegetable Jelly.) A pecu-
liar gelatinizing principle existing more
or less in all plants, and is abundant in
certain fruits and roots, from which jellies
are prepared. It is abundant in the root
of the carrot.
PELARGONIC ACID. An acid, most
conveniently formed by the action of
nitric acid on oil of rue.
PELARGONIC ETHER. See Ether,
Enanthic.
PELARGONIUM ODORATISSI-
MUM. (Rose Geranium.) A well-known
plant, native of the Cape of Good Hope,
but cultivated in many parts of the world.
The leaves contain a volatile oil which
is used to adulterate oil of roses. It is
much used in perfumery.
} A va-
$
PELARGONIUM ROSEUM,
PELARGONIUM CAPITATUM. riety of
rose geranium; it yields an oil closely
analogous in odor to that of the rose.
PELARGONYL HYDRIDE. A dis-
tinct carbohydrogen obtained from recti-
fied American petroleum.
PELICAN. A chemical vessel, or
alembic, with a tubulated head, from which
two opposite and crooked beaks pass out
and enter again at the belly of the cucur-
bit. It is designed for continued distilla-
tion and cohobation; the volatile parts of
the substance distilling, rising into the
PECTORAL. A medicine adapted to
cure or relieve complaints of the breast
and lungs.
PECTORAL GUM. See Gum, Pectoral.
See Gum, Pectoral. | capital and returning through the beaks
PECTOSE. A peculiar insoluble sub-into the cucurbit.
stance contained in unripe fruits. From
the reaction of acids on this principle
pectin results.
PELLE ANDROMEDÆFOLIA. A
tender fern, indigenous throughout Chili,
and particularly abundant in Coquimbo
PECTOSIC ACID. A pectic acid and San Fernando. It appears to be em-
composed of C2H20O28+3HO.
PEDALIACEÆ. A family of plants
to which belongs the genus Sesamum.
PEDATE. Palmate with the lateral
lobes cleft into two or more segments, as
a pedate leaf.
ployed in Chilian pharmacy, but there is
nothing stated as to its specific virtues.
PELLETS. Granules.
PELLICLE. A thin saline crust
formed on the surface of a solution of salt,
evaporated to a certain degree, and con-
sisting of minute crystals.
PELLITORY. See Anacyclus Pyre-
PEDICEL. The ultimate division of
a common peduncle, the stalk that sup-
ports one flower only when there are sev-thrum.
eral on a peduncle.
PEDUNCLE. The stem or stalk that
supports the flower and fruit of a plant.
PEGU CATECHU. An excellent
variety of Catechu derived from the Bur-
mese dominions, named from that section
of the country whence it is exported.
PELA. See China Wax.
PELARGONATE OF ETHYLIC
ETHER. See Ether, Enanthic.
PELLITORY, WALL. See Parietaria
Officinalis.
PELOSINA. Cissampelina.
PELTATE,
PELTATED.}
Having the stem or
PELTATED. § support attached near
the centre below, as a peltate leaf.
PEMMICAN. An alimentary sub-
stance, containing much nutriment in a
small bulk, made by mixing equal weights
of buffalo meat and buffalo tallow.
PEN
PER
302
PENEA MUCRONATA, Į Small PEPSİN, } The distinct organic.
PENÆA SARCOCOLLA. shrubs PEPSINE, principle of the gastric
growing at the Cape of Good Hope, juice.
Ethiopia, and Arabia, from which a pecu-
liar vegetable product, called Sarcocolla,
exudes spontaneously.
PENNE'S ANTISEPTIC LIQUID.
A preparation produced by adding two
parts of hydrobromic acid to eight parts
of pure carbolic acid, contained in a por-
celain capsule placed on a sand or steam
bath. When the combination is effected,
fill in small glass-stoppered bottles.
PENNSYLVANIA SUMACH. See
Rhus Glabrum.
PENNYROYAL. See Hedeoma.
PENNYWORT. See Cotyledon Um-
bilicus.
PENNYWORT,
Bevilacqua.
THICK-LEAVED.
PENTAMYRON.
See
An ancient oint-
ment, composed of five ingredients, sup-
posed to have been storax, mastic, wax,
opobalsam, and nard ointment.
PER. A prefix used in chemical com-
position to denote excess, or that the sub-
stance first mentioned in the name of the
compound enters in a greater proportion
than the other.
PERCARBURETTED. Having a
maximum of carbon; combined with the
greatest possible proportion of carbon.
PERCHLORATE. A compound of
perchloric acid and a base.
A salt
PERCHLORATE OF POTASSA.
thought to be applicable to all diseases in
which quinia and nitre are used in refer-
ence to their sedative or diuretic proper-
ties.
PERCHLORIC ACID. An acid con-
taining one equivalent of chlorine to
seven of oxygen.
PERCHLORIDE OF CARBON. An
erroneous name applied to chloroform from
the impression prevalent, when first ob-
tained, that it consisted exclusively of
PENTANDRIA. A class of plants chlorine and carbon.
having five separate stamens.
PEONY. See Pæonia Officinalis.
PEPASTIC. A medicine used to pro-
mote proper suppuration and granulation
in wounds not healed by the first inten-
tion.
PERCHLORIDE OF IRON. See Chloride
of Iron.
PERCHLORIDE OF MERCURY. See Bi-
chloride of Mercury.
PERCHLORIDE OF THALLIUM. A com-
pound isomorphous with the alkaline per-
chlorides, which it equals in stability. It
PEPO. (Pumpkin Seeds.) The seed of
Cucurbita pepo or
has a specific gravity of 4.844, is soluble
common pumpkin.
They are used in the treatment of tape-fifths of its weight at 100° C. It is slightly
in ten parts water, at 15° C., and in three-
worm.
PEPPER, BLACK. See Black Pepper.
PEPPER, CAYENNE. See Capsicum.
PEPPER, LONG. See Long Pepper.
PEPPER, MALEGUETTA. See Amomum
Grana Paradisi.
PEPPER, WHITE. The ripe berry of
Piper nigrum, deprived of its skin by
maceration in water and subsequent fric-
tion, and afterwards dried in the sun.
It has less of the peculiar virtues of the
spice than the black pepper.
PEPPERMINT. See Mentha Piperita.
PEPPERMINT WATER. See Aqua Men-
tha Piperita.
soluble in alcohol, and may be heated to
near the boiling-point of mercury without
decomposition.
PERCHROMIC ACID. An acid con-
sisting of two equivalents of chrome and
seven of oxygen.
PERCOLATION. The act or process
of percolating, or filtering, or of passing
through small interstices, as liquor through
any
substance.
PERDIFOIL. Not evergreen.
PEREIRINA. An organic principle
obtained from a Brazilian bark, known
in Brazil by the names of Pignaciba, Pao-
pente, and Paopereira. It is prepared like
PER
PER
303
the cinchona alkaloids, and lastly dissolved a vinous liquor prepared from pears in the
by ether.
same manner as cider is prepared from
apples. It contains 7.26 per cent. of al-
cohol.
PERENNIAL.
A plant which lives
or continues more than two years, whether
it retains its leaves or not.
PERSEA GRATISSIMA. A plant
PERFOLIATE. Surrounding the stem belonging to the family Lauraceæ, the
at the base; as a perfoliate leaf.
or
PERFUME. The scent, odor,
odoriferous particles emitted from sweet-
smelling substances; fragrance; aroma.
PERIANDRA DULCIS. A plant
growing in Brazil, the root of which is
employed as a substitute for licorice root,
with which it has in common the same
constituents, including glycyrrhizin. It
yields about thirteen per cent. dry extract,
equal to the best commercial licorice.
fruit of which contains tannic acid and a
bitter principle.
PERSECOT. A kind of cordial made
of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, and
the like, with refined spirits.
PERSIAN GALBANUM. An im-
pure quality of galbanum differing from
common galbanum in odor, color, and in
the absence of tears. It is so soft as to
melt with a slight elevation of tempera-
ture.
PERIANTH. That calyx which en- PERSIAN OPIUM. An opium found in
velops only a single flower, and is im- European markets in considerable quanti-
mediately contiguous to it; the leaves of ties. It occurs in cakes of about twelve
the flower generally, especially when the ounces; the better qualities wrapped in
calyx and corolla are not readily dis- sycamore leaves; the inferior qualities
tinguished.
with fragments of various leaves. It con-
PERICARP. The ripened ovary; the tains from five to ten per cent. of morphia.
walls of the fruit.
PERSICA VULGARIS. A botanical
PERIPETALOUS. Surrounding or title for the common peach tree.
situated about the corolla.
PERSICARIA MITIS. (Polygonum
PERIPLOCA INDICA. See Hemi- Persicaria.) A species of Polygonum, of
desmi Radix.
a feebly astringent saline taste, at one
PERIPLOCA SECAMORE. A plant grow-time considered antiseptic.
ing in Egypt, which was erroneously as-
cribed as the source of Smyrna scammony.
PERISPERM. The albumen of a seed.
PERISTOME. The fringe of teeth
around the orifice of the capsule of mosses.
PERMANENT WHITE. See Blanc- | diuretic.
fix.
PERMANGANATE OF POTASSA.
See Potassa, Permanganate.
PERNAMBUCO WOOD. See Brazil
Wood.
PERSICARIA URENS. (Polygonum Hy-
dropiper, Water-Pepper.) A species of
polygonum, the leaves of which have a
burning and biting taste, in flame the skin
when rubbed upon it, and are esteemed
PERSIMMON. See Diospyros.
PERSIS. A kind of coloring matter
obtained from lichens.
PERSULPHATE OF IRON, MON-
SEL'S. A salt of iron consisting of two
PERNITRATE OF IRON SOLU-equivalents of the sesquioxide of iron and
TION. See Ferri Nitratis Liquor.
PEROXIDE. That oxide of a given
base which contains the greatest quantity
of oxygen.
five of sulphuric acid. Having one-half
an equivalent less than is necessary for.
saturation, it is properly a sub-salt.
PERSULPHATE OF IRON SOLUTION. See
PEROXIDE OF HYDROGEN. See Hydro- Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis.
gen Peroxide.
PERSULPHIDE OF HYDROGEN.
PEROXIDE OF MANGANESE. See Black A compound having the formula H„S.
Oxide of Manganese.
PERRY. The fermented juice of pears;
PERUVIAN BARK.
PERUVIAN CALISAYA.
See Cinchona.
The bark of
PER
PHA
304
Cinchona scrobiculata, imported from Li-
ma. It is inferior to Calisaya.
Peruvian GUM. A name given to a
powder which has recently come into use
in Germany for thickening and fixing
colors upon cotton goods and wall papers.
It is said to be a powdered root derived
from an unknown plant in Peru. It con-
sists mostly of bassorin.
PERUVIAN IPECACUANHA.
Ipecacuanha.
PETROSELINUM. (Parsley Root.)
The root of Petroselinum sativum or Apium
petroselinum, the parsley herb, a native of
Sardinia, and cultivated everywhere in
gardens. The root is said to be aperient
and diuretic.
PETROSELINUM SATIVUM. See Petrose-
linum.
PEUCEDANIN. A principle obtained
See Black from the root of Peucedanum officinale.
It is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, and is probably inert. It is said
to be identical with imperatorin, obtained
from masterwort.
PERUVIN. A light oily fluid result-
ing from the decomposition of the cinna-
mein of balsam of Peru by caustic potassa.
PESSARIES. Instruments made of
waxed linen, wood, caoutchouc, or the like,
and introduced into the vagina, to support
the mouth and neck of the uterus. See
Medicated Pessaries.
PÈSE ESPRIT. A name given to
Baumé's hydrometer for liquids lighter
than water.
PESTLE. An instrument belonging
to the mortar, for pounding, breaking,
bruising, or pulverizing substances in it.
PETAL. One of the leaves of the
corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower.
PETALITE. A mineral containing
lithia.
PETALOSTIGMA QUADRILOCU-
LARE. An Australian plant, the bark
of which contains a camphoraceous oil, a
glucoside, tannic acid, citric acid, oxalic
acid, wax, resin, starch, sugar, and gum.
PETER'S PILLS. Pills composed of
aloes, jalap, scammony, gamboge, and
calomel.
PEUCEDANUM MONTANUM. See
Marsh Parsley.
PEUCEDANUM OFFICINALE. See Peu-
cedanin.
PEZIZA. A genus of fungi embracing
a great number of species, some of which
are remarkable for their regular cup-like
form and deep colors.
PHÆORETIN. (Brown Resin.) A
coloring principle holding an intermediate
place between resin and extractive matter.
PHAGEDENIC. A medicine or ap-
plication that causes the absorption or the
death and sloughing of fungous flesh.
PHALARIS CANARIENSIS. See
Canary Seed.
A toy
PHARAOH'S SERPENTS.
prepared from sulphocyanide of mercury,
or by intimately mixing two parts of bi-
chromate of potassium, one part of nitrate
of potassium, and three parts of grape
sugar, pressing the mixture into cones, in
suitable paper moulds. The cones must
PETININ. An organic base contained be kept from light, and preserved in a
in Dippel's animal oil.
dry place, or covered with sandarach var-
PHARMACEUTIC,
PETIOLE. A leaf-stalk; the foot-nish.
stalk of a leaf connecting the blade with
the stem.
Pertain-
PHARMACEUTICAL. ing to the
PETROLEUM. (Rock Oil.) Petro-knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the
leum is a term applied to all the native
liquid substances belonging to the class of
bitumens. They exist in nature either
isolated or combined with carbon, in
various proportions, forming the different
kinds of bituminous coal.
science of preparing medicines.
PHARMACEUTICS. The science of
preparing medicines.
PHARMACEUTIST,
PHARMACIST.
One skilled
in pharmacy;
a scientific druggist or apothecary. See
PETROLINE. A substance obtained Apothecary.
by distilling petroleum.
PHARMACODYNAMICS. A branch
PHA
PHL
305
of pharmacology, which considers the
effects and uses of medicines.
PHARMACOGNOSY.
A division of
pharmacy, which treats of simple, unpre-
pared medicines.
PHARMACOLITE.
drous arseniate of lime.
PHARMACOLOGIST.
PHENICINE. A purple powder pre-
cipitated when a sulphuric solution of in-
digo is diluted with water.
PHENOL. See Acid, Carbolic.
PHENYL. A peculiar compound.
A native by radical, composed of twelve equivalents
of carbon and five of hydrogen. Its hy-
drated oxide constitutes carbolic acid.
PHENYL, BROWN. A coloring substance
obtained from carbolic acid.
One who is
well skilled in or writes upon drugs, or
the composition and preparation of medi-
cines.
PHARMACOLOGY. The science or
knowledge of drugs, or the art of prepar-
ing medicines, or a treatise on the art.
PHARMACON. A medicine or a drug.
PHARMACOPEIA. A standard book
or treatise describing the preparations of
the several kinds of medicines which are
regarded as officinal, as well as those
which have become obsolete; a dispensa-
tory.
PHENYL, HYDRATED OXIDE. See
Phenyl.
PHENYL, HYDRURET. See Benzine.
PHENYLIC ACID. See Acid, Car-
bolic.
PHENYLIC ALCOHOL. See Phenic Acid.
PHIAL. A glass bottle.
PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE. See
Erigeron Philadelphicum.
PHILICOME. R. White wax, five
ounces; almond oil, two pounds; oil ber-
PHARMACOPOLIST. One who sells gamot, one ounce; oil lemon, half an
medicines; a druggist.
PHARMACY. The art or science of
preparing, preserving, and compounding
substances for the purposes of medicine;
the profession of a pharmacist.
Apothecary
See
PHARMIUM TENE. (Manunu, New
Zealand Flax.) A new fibre belonging to
the Liliacex.
PHASEOMANNITE. A saccharine
substance obtained from kidney beans be-
fore they are ripe.
ounce; oil lavender, two drachms; oik
cloves, one drachm. Melt the wax and
oil, stir as the mixture cools, and add the
perfume.
PHILLYRIN. A neutral organic
principle, composed of CH34022+3Aq,
obtained from a species of privet.
PHLOBAPHEN. An amorphous kind
of tannic acid precipitated by acetate of
lead, described as the principal constituent
of the oak bark. Its formula is C26 H24O141
and when boiled with dilute sulphuric
PHASIANUS GALLUS. The com- acid, it splits into glucose and oak-red.
mon dunghill fowl.
PHELLANDRIUM AQUATICUM.
See Enanthe Phellandrium.
PHLOGISTIC. Partaking of phlogis-
ton; inflaming.
PHLOGISTON. The supposed prin-
PHENATE. A salt formed by the ciple of inflammability, or the matter of
solution of phenol in an alkali.
PHENE. See Benzine.
PHENIC ACID. A name by which
carbolic acid was formerly known. It is
closely related chemically to the alcohols,
consequently its proper designation would
be phenylic alcohol.
PHENIC ACID VINEGAR. A compound
recommended as an "anti-pestilential dis-
infectant," formed by dissolving in 900
parts of acetic acid, 5 parts of camphor,
and adding 100 parts of phenic acid.
fire in composition with other bodies; an
hypothetical element, supposed by Stahl
to be pure fire fixed in combustible bodies,
in order to distinguish it from fire in ac-
tion or in a state of liberty.
PHLORETIN. A peculiar substance
resulting from the treating of phloridzin
with dilute muriatic or sulphuric acid.
PHLORIDZIC ACID. An acid con-
tained in the bark of many fruit trees,
particularly the apple. It is composed of
C24H16014+12Aq.
20
PHL
PHO
306
PHLORIDZIN.
A bitter principle
dant in the bark of the root, and derived
its name by this circumstance. It crys-
tallizes in silky needles, is soluble in a
thousand parts of water, and very soluble
in alcohol. It is said to have proven suc-
cessful where quinia had failed.
PHOSPHATE OF POTASSA.
(Potassæ
discovered in the bark of the apple, pear, Phosphas.) The neutral tribasic phos-
cherry, and plum trees. It is most abun-phate, having the formula 2KO,HO,PO5,
and is therefore a composition precisely
analogous to that of the medicinal phos-
It is de-
phates of soda and ammonia.
rived from the variety of phosphoric acid
containing three equivalents of water, by
the substitution of two equivalents of po-
tassa for two of water, and although it has
a slightly alkaline reaction, it is called
neutral in order to distinguish it from the
PHLOROGLUCINE. A substance
resulting from the action of melted potassa
on the tannin of rhatany.
PHOCENINE. A fatty substance con- decidedly alkaline tribasic phosphate 3KO,
tained in the oil of the porpoise.
PHOENIX FARINIFERA. A tree
growing on the coasts of the Indian Ocean,
belonging to the family of palms, contain-
ing a farinaceous pith, which contributes
to the supply of the sago of commerce.
PHORADENDRON FLAVESCENS.
(Viscum Flavescens.) A parasitic shrub
growing on the elm tree, the berries of
which are poisonous. Instances are re-
corded, however, of their being eaten
without any ill effects.
PHORMIA. See Pseudomorphia.
PHORMIUM TENAX. A plant be-
longing to the order Liliacea, at the base
of the leaves of which a peculiar gummy
product is formed, which can be used as a
substitute for gum arabic. The plant fur-
nishes the New Zealand flax, and the gum
is readily obtained as a by-product.
PHOSGENE. Generating light. Said
of a certain gas generated by the action
of sunlight or bright daylight on chlorine
and carbonic acid, and composed of one
equivalent of carbon, one of oxygen, and
one of chlorine. It is therefore an oxy-
chloride of carbon.
PHOSPHATE. A salt formed by a
combination of phosphoric acid with a
salifiable base.
PO¿. It may be formed by saturating,
by means of carbonate of potash, glacial
phosphoric acid changed by solution in
water and ebullition into common phos-
phoric acid.
PHOSPHATE OF QUINIA. A salt formed
by saturating a solution of phosphoric acid
with quinia, and evaporating the solution.
PHOSPHATE OF SODA. (Sodii Phosphas,
Phosphate of Sodium.) A salt which may
be prepared as follows: To powdered cal-
cined bone diffused in water, add sufficient
dilute sulphuric acid to decompose all the
carbonate of lime which it contains. When
the effervescence ceases, then treat the
matter with nitric acid, which dissolves the
phosphate of lime and leaves the sulphate,
then treat the nitric solution of the phos-
phate with sulphate of soda equal in quan-
tity to the bone employed; after the reac-
tion is completed, recover the nitric acid by
distillation. In consequence of a double
decomposition, sulphate of lime and phos-
phate of soda are formed, the latter of
which is separated by water and crystal-
lized in the usual manner.
PHOSPHATE OF THALLIUM. A salt pro-
duced by adding to a neutral solution of a
salt of thallium, phosphate of soda and a
few drops of ammonia; it crystallizes on
PHOSPHATE OF IRON. See Ferri Phos-standing for some time if the solutions
phas.
have been sufficiently concentrated, in the
PHOSPHATE OF LIME, PRECIPITATED. form of a magma of silky needles.
See Calcis Phosphas Precipitata.
PHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE. A salt
prepared by double decomposition between
sulphate of manganese and phosphate of
soda.
PHOSPHATE OF WATER. See Glacial
Phosphoric Acid.
PHOSPHATE OF ZINC. (Zinci Phosphas.)
A salt said to have special advantages
over other salts of the same metal in the
PHO
PHY
307
be poisonous. It is not so easily affected
by the air as the common phosphorus.
PHOSPHORUS, Red. See Phosphorus,
Amorphous.
treatment of nervous diseases, upon the
theory that it supplies the waste of the
phosphorus of the brain which is likely
to occur in those complaints. It is pre-
pared by the mutual reaction of sulphate PHOSPHORUS, WHITE. A name applied
of zinc and an alkaline phosphate.
to the whitish layer with which phos-
PHOSPHIDE OF CALCIUM. See phorus is covered when kept in ordinary
Calcium.
PHOSPHIDE OF ZINC. A gray crystal-
line substance perfectly definite, unalter-
able in moist atmosphere, but readily de-
composed by the juices of the stomach.
PHOSPHITE. A salt formed by the
combination of phosphorous acid with a
salifiable base.
PHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID. An
acid obtained by the action of baryta water
on lecithin, a constituent of the bile of the
ox.
water. It is said to result from a kind of
erosion of the surface, owing to partial
oxidation by the free oxygen held in solu-
tion by the water.
PHOSPHURET.
A combination of
phosphorus with another substance, as
phosphuret of iron or copper.
A salt sug-
PHOSPHURET OF ZINC.
gested as a substitute for phosphorus itself;
having similar effects, and being more
convenient of administration. It is pre-
pared by bringing the vapor of phosphorus
PHOSPHORATED OIL. See Oleum into contact with zinc, treated to ebulli-
Phosphoratum.
TARTARIC
PHOSPHORESCENT
ACID. A name applied to an article of
tartaric acid which, when its hard and
large crystals are rubbed together, becomes
luminous.
tion in a current of hydrogen.
PHOSPHURETTED. Combined with
phosphorus.
PHOSPHURETTED HYDROGEN. A sim-
plified process for its preparation in ad-
mixture with phosphate of lime, with
PHOSPHORIC ACID. See Acid, reference to the elimination of phosphu-
Glacial Phosphoric.
retted hydrogen. See Calcium Phosphide.
PHOTAGENE. An empyreumatic oil
obtained from the tar of turf, bituminous
coal, &c.; colorless, thin, and of great il-
PHOSPHOROUS ACID. An acid
formed by the combination of phosphorus
with oxygen in the proportion of two
equivalents of phosphorus to three of oxy-luminating power.
gen.
PHOSPHORUS. An elementary sub-
stance of a yellowish color, and semi-
transparent, resembling fine wax. It
burns in common air with great rapidity,
and in oxygen gas with the greatest vehe-
mence. Even at a common temperature
it combines with oxygen, undergoing a
slow combustion and emitting a lumin-
ous vapor. It is a powerful general stimu-
lant in small, and an irritant poison in
large, doses.
PHOTOCHEMICAL. Pertaining to
the chemical action of light.
PHOTOSANTONIC ACID. An un-
crystallizable substance, much more solu-
ble in alcohol and ether than santonin,
resulting from the influence of light on
santonin.
PHTALIC ACID. An acid formed
by the oxidation of the bichloride of
naphthalin, in the preparation of benzoic
acid from napththalin.
PHTALMID. A substance resulting
from the distillation of phtalate of ammo-
nia, in the preparation of benzoic acid
from naphthalin.
PHOSPHORUS, AMORPHOUS. (Red or
Amorphous Phosphorus.) An allotropic
form of phosphorus formed when ordinary
phosphorus is kept long at a temperature
between 419° and 482° Fahrenheit, in
atmospheres which have no action on it, |
or in closed glass tubes. It is said not to Myrobalani.
PHYCITE. A saccharine substance
obtained from Protococcus vulgaris.
PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA. See
PHY
PIC
308
PHYLLOCYANIC ACID. A name
proposed for the substance known as Phyl-
locyanin, in consequence of its possession
of acid properties in the forming of salts
with bases.
PHYLLOCYANIN. A peculiar sub-
stance, insoluble in water, obtained by
boiling baryta for a long time with chlo-
rophyl. It forms salts with the bases,
and is therefore considered an acid.
PHYLLOXANTHIN. A neuter prin-
ciple, insoluble in water, resembling bi-
chromate of potassa, and possessing dyeing
powers analogous to those of chromic acid.
It is obtained by boiling baryta for a long
time with chlorophyll.
PHYSALIN. The bitter principle of
Physalis alkekengi, or common winter
cherry. It is obtained by agitating an
infusion of the plant with chloroform,
which extracts the bitter principle, and
yields it by evaporation.
PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI. (Alke-
kengi, Common Winter Cherry.) A peren-
nial herbaceous plant, growing wild in
the south of Europe, and cultivated in our
gardens.
PHYSALIS VISCOSA. A species of Phy-
salis growing in this country, the berries
of which are said to be remarkably diu-
retic.
PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS.
The spermaceti whale, from which the
peculiar concrete substance called sperma-
ceti is obtained.
PHYSETIC ACID. (Hypogæic Acid.)
An acid composed of C32H30O4, contained
in the oil of Arachis hypogea.
PHYSIC. A cathartic.
PHYSIC NUTS. See Barbadoes Nuts.
PHYSICIAN. A person skilled in
the art of healing; one whose profession
is to prescribe remedies for diseases.
PHYSIOLOGY. That department of
science which treats of the organs and
their functions in animals and plants.
PHYSOSTIGMA VENENOSUM,
PHYSOSTIGMA FABA.
See Bean of Calabar.
PHYSOSTIGMIA,
PHYSOSTIGMIN.} See Eserina.
PHYTELEPHAS. A genus of South
American plants, from the seeds of which
the substance known as vegetable ivory
is obtained.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY. Chemistry in
its relation to vegetable bodies.
PHYTOLACCA. A genus of plants
from the fruit of which a red color re-
sembling lac is obtained; poke.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. The com-
mon poke-weed, abundant in all parts
of this country. Its root (Phytolaccæ
radix) is emetic, purgative, and narcotic.
PHYTOLACCE RADIX. (Poke Root.) See
Phytolacca Decandra.
PHYTOLACCÆ BACCA. (Poke Ber-
ries.) They possess properties similar to
those of the root.
PHYTOLACCACE.E.
An order of
plants to which the genera Phytolacca and
Anisomeria belong.
PHYTOPATHOLOGY. An account
of diseases to which plants are liable.
PHYTOTOMY. The dissection of
plants.
PICAMAR. The bitter principle of
the heaviest portion of the rectified oil of
tar. It is a colorless liquid, heavier than
water, and of a peculiar odor.
PICHURIM BEANS. The seeds of
an uncertain tree, growing in Brazil,
Guiana, Venezuela, and other parts of
South America. They resemble the com-
mon aromatics, and may be used for the
same purposes.
PICOLIN. (Piperidin.) An organic
base contained in Dippel's animal oil. It
can also be obtained from the reaction of
nitric acid on piperin. It is a colorless li-
quid, having a mixed odor of ammonia and
pepper, a very caustic taste, and a strong
alkaline reaction; called also picolina.
PICRA. See Pulvis Aloes et Canella.
PICRÆNA EXCELSA. See Quassia
Excelsa.
PICRATE OF POTASSA. A salt
formed by saturating picric acid with hy-
drate of potassa.
PICRIC ACID. See Carbazotic Acid.
PICROGLAUCINA., An organic al-
kaloid prepared from the root of Glaucium
PIC
PIL
309
luteum. It is in white crystalline scales,
of a bitter, nauseous taste, soluble in
water, alcohol, and ether, and colored
deep green by sulphuric acid.
PICROGLYCION. A peculiar princi-
ple, at once bitter and sweet to the taste;
obtained from the stalks of Solanum dulc-
amara.
PICROLICHENIN.
A neutral or-
ounce each of Socotrine aloes and soap;
divide into two hundred and forty pills.
PILL OF COLOCYNTH AND HYOSCY-
AMUS. (Pilula Colocynthidis et Hyoscy-
Beat into a uniform mass two
ounces of compound pill of colocynth and
one ounce of extract of hyoscyamus. Dose,
five to twenty grains.
ami.)
PILL OF IODIDE OF MANGANESE.
A
ganic principle, composed of CHO,, con- pill prepared by the double decomposition
sisting of small, brilliant, rhombic, py-between equal weights of iodide of potas-
ramidal crystals, very bitter, and said to sium and crystallized sulphate of man-
be febrifuge. It is obtained from the ganese. The salts are perfectly dried,
mixed in powder, and then rubbed up with
Variolaria amara.
PICROMEL. The characteristic prin- honey, and divided into four-grain pills.
ciple of bile.
PICROPHARMACOLITE.
A hy-
drous arseniate of lime, containing a small
proportion of magnesia.
PILL OF IPECACUANHA WITH SQUILL.
(Pilula Ipecacuanhæ cum Scilla.) Mix
together three ounces of compound powder
of ipecac, and one ounce each of powdered
squill and ammoniacum, and beat into a
mass with treacle.
PICROTOXIC ACID. A name pro-
posed as a substitute for picrotoxin, which
it is believed possesses acid properties.
PILL OF LEAD AND OPIUM. (Pilula
PICROTOXIN. A peculiar bitter and | Plumbi cum Opio.) Acetate of lead, thirty-
poisonous principle, obtained from Coccu-six grains; opium in powder, six grains.
lus Indicus. It is considered by some us Beat into a mass with six grains of con-
isomeric with cantharidin. It is com- fection of roses.
posed of C20H1208-
PIG IRON. See Cast Iron.
PIGMENT. A preparation used by
painters to impart colors to bodies; paint.
PILEWORT. A plant, the Ranuncu-
lus ficaria, whose tuberous roots have been
used in poultices as a specific for piles.
PILL. A medicine in the form of a
little ball or small round mass.
PILL, BLUE. See Pilula Hydrargyri.
PILL, COMPOUND CALOMEL. See An-
timony Compound Pills.
|
PILL OF QUINIA. (Pills of Sulphate
of Quinia, Pilulæ Quiniæ, Pilulæ Quiniæ
Sulphatis) Mix an ounce of sulphate of
quinia with two drachms of powdered
gum arabic, and with honey form a mass,
to be divided into two hundred and forty
or four hundred and eighty pills.
PILL OF SOCOTRINE ALOES. See Pill
of Barbadoes Aloes.
PILL OF SUBCHLORIDE OF MERCURY.
See Antimony, Compound Pills.
PILLS. (Pilulæ.) Small, globular
PILL, MERCURIAL. See Pilula Hydrar- masses of medicine, of a size convenient
gyri.
PILL OF ALOES AND IRON. (Pill, Aloes
et Ferri.) Rub an ounce and a half of
sulphate of iron with two troy ounces of
Barbadoes aloes, three ounces of com-
pound powder of cinnamon, into a fine
powder, and then with four ounces of con-
fection of senna into a uniform mass.
PILL OF BARBADOES ALOES. (Pilula
Aloes, Pills of Aloes, Pill of Socotrine Aloes,
Pilula Aloes Barbadensis.) Beat together
with water into a uniform mass, a troy
for swallowing. They are well adapted
for the administration of medicines which
are unpleasant to the taste or smell, or
insoluble in water, and do not require to
be given in large doses.
PILLS OF ALOES AND ASAFOETIDA.
(Pilulæ Aloes et Asafœtidæ.)
Beat to-
gether with water into a uniform mass,
a half troy ounce each of powdered Soco-
trine aloes, asafoetida, and soap, and divide
into one hundred and eighty pills.
PILLS OF ALOES AND MASTIC. (Pilulæ
PIL
PIM
310
Aloes et Mastiches.) Beat together with
water into a uniform mass, one ounce and
a half of Socotrine aloes, and a half ounce
each of mastic and red rose (each in powdered soap; divide into sixty pills.
der), and divide into four hundred pills.
PILLS OF OPIUM. (Pilula Opii.) Beat
with water into a uniform mass, one dr. of
powdered opium and twelve grs. of pow-
PILLS OF ALOES AND MYRRH. (Pilula
Aloes et Myrrhæ, Rufus's Pills.) Beat
together with syrup into a uniform mass,
two ounces of Socotrine aloes, one ounce of
myrrh, and half an ounce of saffron (each
in powder), and divide into four hundred |
and eighty pills.
PILLS OF ASAFOETIDA. (Pilula Asa-
fœtidæ.) Beat together into a mass, an
ounce and a half of asafoetida and half an
ounce of soap (each in fine powder), and
divide into two hundred and forty pills.
PILLS OF CARBONATE OF IRON. (Pilula
Ferri Carbonatis, Vallet's Ferruginous
Pills.) Saccharated carbonate of iron, one
ounce; confection of roses, two drachms;
beat them.
PILLS OF COPAIBA. (Pilula Copaiba.)
Mix together two ounces of copaiba and
one drachm of magnesia, and set aside
until the mixture concretes into a pilular
mass; divide into two hundred pills.
PILLS OF GALBANUM, COMPOUND. See
Compound Pill of Asafoetida.
PILLS OF IODIDE OF IRON. (Pilula
Ferri Iodidi.) Mix half an ounce of
iodine with a fluid ounce of water in a
thin glass bottle, add two drachms of
finely-cut iron wire, and shake them to-
gether until a clear green solution is ob-
tained; mix them together in a small
porcelain capsule, a troy ounce of sugar,
half an ounce of marshmallow, one drachm
of gum arabic (each in fine powder), and
one drachm of reduced iron. Now filter
upon them through a small filter, first the
solution previously heated, and afterwards
two drachms of water to wash the filter.
Then by a water-bath, evaporate with
constant stirring to the proper consistence,
and divide into three hundred pills. They
can then be coated by shaking them in a
solution of balsam tolu in a fluid drachm
of ether and drying them on a plate.
PILLS OF MERCURY. See Pilula Hy-
drargyri.
PILLS OF RHUBARB. (Pilula Rhei.)
Beat together with water into a uniform
mass, six drachms of rhubarb and two of
soap (each in powder), and divide into one
hundred and twenty pills.
PILLS OF SULPHATE OF QUINIA. See
Pill of Quinia.
PILLS, PLUMMER'S.
Compound Pills.
See Antimony,
PILLS, VALLET'S FERRUGINOUS. See
Pills of Carbonate of Iron.
PILULE. Pills.
PILULE CONII COMPOSITA. See Com-
pound Pill of Hemlock.
A pill com-
PILULA DE CYNOGLOSso.
posed of the root of houndstongue and
opium.
(Pilula Hy-
PILULE HYDRARGYRI.
drargyri, Pills of Mercury, Mercurial Pill,
Blue Pill.) R. Mercury, one ounce; con-
fection of roses, one and a half ounce; lic-
orice root, in fine powder, half an ounce.
Rub the mercury with the confection until
the globules cease to be visible; then add
the licorice root, and beat the whole into
a pilular mass, to be divided into four
hundred and eighty pills.
PILULE STOMACHICÆ. See Dinner Pills.
PIMELIC ACID. An acid resulting
from the decomposition of camphoric acid
by melting alkali.
PIMELINE. A former name for acro-
lein.
PIMENTA, 1 (Allspice, Jamaica Pep-
PIMENTO. per.) The unripe berries
of Englina pimenta or allspice tree, grow-
ing in the West Indies, Mexico, South
America, and Jamaica. They are a warm
aromatic stimulant.
PIMPERNEL, SCARLET. See Ana-
gallis Arvensis.
PIMPINELLA ANISUM. The anise
plant. It is an annual, a foot in height,
native of Egypt and the Levant.
PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA. (Small Bur-
net Saxifrage, Saxifraga.) A perennial
umbelliferous European plant, growing on
PIN
PIN
311
sunny hills, and in dry meadows and pas-
tures, the root of which is used in some
parts of Europe as a diuretic, diaphoretic,
and stomachic.
PINCKNEYA PUBENS. A large
shrub or small tree, growing in South
Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in low and
moist places along the sea-coast. It is
closely allied to the Cinchonæ, with which
it was formerly ranked.
PINE. A tree of the genus Pinus, of
many species.
PINEAPPLE. A tropical plant. Ana-
nassa sativa and its fruit.
PINEAPPLE ESSENCE.
An artificial
essence of pineapple, prepared by dissolv-
ing one part of butyric ether in eight or
ten parts of alcohol.
PINEAPPLE SYRUP.
Pineapple juice,
one pint; refined sugar, two pounds;
rectified spirit, two fluid ounces and a half;
heat the juice to the boiling-point, and
when it has cooled, filter it; dissolve the
sugar in the filtered liquor with a gentle
heat, and add the spirit.
PINE NUTS. The seeds of Pinus
cembra and of Pinus pinea, used in Europe
in desserts.
PINEY. A fatty substance resembling
tallow, obtained from the seeds of Vateria
Indica; called also vegetable tallow. Piney
varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid, bitter,
resinous fluid, which exudes from the bark
of Vateria Indica when wounded, and is
used in making varnish; called also liquid
copal and pundum. Piney thistle, a plant of
the genus Atractylis (A. gummifera), from
the bark of which, when wounded, a
gummy substance exudes.
PINGO-PINGO. See Ephedra Ameri-
cana.
PINITANNIC ACID. A name given
to the tannic acid obtained from the Arbor
vita. It is identical with that obtained
from the leaves of Pinus sylvestris, and
is composed of C4H8Og
PINITE. A peculiar saccharine prin-
ciple, obtained from a sugar of California,
said to be derived from Pinus Lambertiana.
It is very sweet, but does not undergo the
vinous fermentation.
PINK, CAROLINA. See Spigelia.
PINK, CLOVE. See Carnation.
PINK ROOT. See Spigelia.
PINK SAUCER. A small saucer, the
inner surface of which is covered with a
pink coloring matter, used in giving color
to the complexion.
PINK, WILD. See Catchfly.
PINNATE. Shaped like a feather; as
a pinnate leaf.
PINOLE. An aromatic powder used
in Italy for making chocolate; the heart
of maize baked, ground, and mixed with
sugar; dissolved in water it makes a nu-
tritious and delicious drink.
PINT. Half a quart, or four gills. In
medicine, sixteen fluid ounces.
PINUS ABIES. See Abies Excelsa.
PINUS AUSTRALIS, See Long-leaved
Pine.
}
PINUS PALUSTRIS.
PINUS BALSAMEA. See Abies Balsamea.
PINUS CANADENSIS. See Abies Cana-
densis.
PINUS CEMBRA. See Carpathian Bal-
sam.
PINUS DAMARRA. See Agathis Damarra.
PINUS LAMBERTIANA. See Pinite.
PINUS LARIX. Abies larix.
PINUS MARITIMAgrowing
A species of Pine
PINUS PINASTER. growing in the
southern and maritime parts of Europe.
PINIC ACID. A resinous body ob- It yields much of the turpentine, pitch,
tained from common resin.
PINICORTANNIC ACID. An acid
contained in the bark of Pinus sylvestris,
composed of C16H9011-
PINIPICRIN. A bitter principle, ob-
tained from the leaves of Arbor vitæ;
found also in Pinus sylvestris, sugar,
gelatinous matter, a variety of wax, resin,
and tannic acid. Composition C4H6O22.
36
and tar consumed in France.
PINUS NIGRA. See Abies Nigra.
PINUS PICEA. See Abies Pectinata.
PINUS PUMILIO. A species of Pine in-
habiting the mountains of Eastern and
Southeastern Europe, which exudes a juice
spontaneously, called Hungarian balsam.
PINUS RIGIDA. (Pitch Pine.) A spe-
cies of Pine growing in New Jersey, some
PIN
PIX
312
portions of New England, and in Penn-
sylvania west of the Alleghany Moun-
tains, from which considerable quantities
of tar have been prepared.
PIPIZAIC ACID. An acid composed
of CH2006, contained in the root of pipi-
zateo root, a Mexican cathartic.
30
PIPSISSEWAY. See Chimaphila Um-
PINUS STROBUS. A species of Pine, in bellata.
which coniferin has been discovered.
PISCES. A family of fishes, to which
the genus Gadus belongs.
PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA. See. Ja-
PINUS SYLVESTRIS. (Wild Pine, Scotch
Fir.) A species of Pine inhabiting the
northern and mountainous parts of Eu-maica Dogwood.
rope. It is, when of full size, eighty feet
high, and it yields a considerable portion
of the common European turpentine.
PINUS TEDA. See Loblolly Pine.
PIPE. A cask usually containing two
hogsheads, or one hundred and twenty-six
gallons; used for wine.
PIPER. See Black Pepper.
PIPER AFZELII.
See Cubeba Clusii.
PIPER ANGUSTIFOLIUM. See Maticæ
Folia.
PIPER ANISATUM. A plant of the
Dutch East Indies, to which is ascribed
an inferior variety of cubebs.
PISTACIA LENTISCUS. See Mastic.
PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS. See Chian
Turpentine.
PISTIL. A foliar organ terminating
the axis of growth in a flower, and in-
closing the seed. It consists of an ovary,
inclosing the ovules; a style; its terminal
elongation; and the stigma, a vascular
surface, in which it ends; a carpel.
PITAYA BARK. See Carthagena
Barks.
PITAYNA (Pitayia.) An alkaloid
discovered in the Pitaya bark. It is sup-
posed to be identical with quinidia or cin-
PIPER BETEL. A species of Piper grow- | chonidia.
ing in the East Indies, the leaves of which
are mixed with areca nut, forming the
masticatory called Betel.
PIPER CANINUM. See Cubeba.
PIPER CUBEBA. See Cubeba.
PIPER ELONGATUM. See Matica Folia.
PIPER LONGUM. See Long Pepper.
PIPER METHISTICUM. See Ava.
PIPER NIGRUM. See Black Pepper.
PIPERACEÆ. A family of plants,
to which belong the genera Pimento and
Piper.
PIPERIC ACID. A peculiar acid
formed by heating piperin with potassa.
PIPERIDGE. The barberry tree.
PIPERIDIN. See Picolin.
PIPERIN. The active principle of
pepper. Its properties are thought by
some to depend upon a portion of the con-
crete oil with which it is mixed when not
carefully prepared, its alkaline nature
being denied. The crystals are transpa-
rent, and assume the tetrahedral, pris-
matic form, with oblique summits.
PIPETTE. A small glass tube, with
PITCH. (Pix Nigra, Pix, Pix Arida,
Resina Nigra.) The product left after the
evaporation of tar. It is gently stimu-
lant and tonic, and has been used in va-
rious cutaneous diseases.
PITCH, BLACK. See Pitch.
PITCH, BURGUNDY. See Burgundy
Pitch.
PITCH, CANADA. See Canada Pitch.
PITCH PINE. See Pinus Rigida.
PITCH PLASTER. See Emplastrum Picis.
PITH. The soft, spongy substance in
the centre of many plants and trees; the
medulla; it consists of cellular tissue.
PITTACAL. One of the constituents
of the empyreumatic oil produced by the
distillation of tar (heavy oil of tar). It is a
solid, of a beautiful blue color, differing
from the other constituents in containing
nitrogen as one of its elements.
PIX,
PIX ARIDA.} See Pitch.
PIX BURGUNDICA. See Burgundy Pitch.
PIX CANADENSIS. See Canada Pitch.
PIX LIQUIDA. (Tar.) The impure tur-
a bulb in the middle, used in chemistry | pentine, procured by burning, from the
for transferring liquors.
wood of Pinus palustris, and other species
PIX
PLA
313
of pines. Its medical properties are simi-
lar to those of the turpentines.
PIX NIGRA. See Pitch.
PLASTER, BLISTERING.
See Blistering
See Emplas-
PLACEBO. A prescription intended
rather to please or satisfy, than to benefit
the patient.
Cerate.
PLASTER, MERCURIAL.
trum Hydrargyri.
PLASTER OF ACONITE. Mix four ounces
of coarsely powdered aconite root with
PLACENTA. The part of a plant or six fluid ounces of alcohol, macerate for
fruit to which the seeds are attached.
PLANO-CONVEX CATECHU. See
Cake Cutechu.
PLANT. A vegetable; an organic
body having, when complete, a root, stem,
and leaves, though consisting sometimes
only of a single leafy expansion, or a series
of cellules, or even a single cellule alone.
The nutriment of a plant is taken in by
absorbing moisture or air, and is elabo-
rated in the leaves or surface tissues, and
is not received into any internal cavity or
stomach, like that of animals. In the
plant, oxygen is excreted, and carbonic
acid is a source of nutriment; while in
animals, carbonic acid is excreted, and
oxygen is essential to life.
PLANTAGO LANCIFOLIA,
PLANTAGO MEDIA.
"}
(Rib Grass.) An indigenous plant, pos-
sessing properties similar to those of Plan-
tago major.
PLANTAGO MAJOR. (Plantain.) A well-
known perennial herb, growing in fields,
by the roadsides, and in grassplots, both
in Europe and in this country. It is con-
sidered refrigerant, diuretic, deobstruent,
and somewhat astringent.
PLANTAIN WATER. See Alisma
Plantago.
twenty-four hours, then submit the mix-
ture to percolation with alcohol until a
pint of tincture is obtained. From this
distil off three-fourths of the alcohol, and
evaporate the residue by a water-bath to
a syrupy consistence. While it is still
hot, add three ounces and a half of adhe-
sive plaster, previously melted, and stir
the mixture constantly until it cools.
PLASTER OF CARBONATE OF LEAD.
Sec Mahy's Plaster.
PLASTER OF IRON. See Chalybeate
Plaster.
PLASTER OF LEAD.
Lithargyri.
See Emplastrum
PLASTER OF MYRRH. A plaster made
by rubbing together powdered myrrh,
camphor, and balsam of Peru, of each an
ounce and a half, then adding the mix-
ture to thirty-two ounces of lead plaster,
previously melted, and stirring well until
the plaster thickens on cooling. It is then
to be formed into rolls.
PLASTER OF PARIS. See Calcis Sulphas.
PLASTER OF PITCH WITH CANTHARI-
DES. See Emplastrum Calefaciens.
PLASTER, RESIN. See Emplastrum Ad-
hæsivum.
PLASTER, STRENGTHENING.
lybeate Plaster.
See Cha-
PLASTER, WARMING. See Emplastrum
Calefaciens.
PLASTERS.
(Emplastra.) Solid
PLASMA. A name given to a prepa-
ration introduced as a substitute for oint-
ments, the emollient and demulcent prop-
erties of which it possesses, without their
inconvenience, whether used simply, or
as a vehicle for other substances to be
employed locally. It is prepared by mix-
ing seventy grains of starch in powder,
and a fluid ounce of glycerin, heating to
240° until the union is effected, and stir-litharge, constituting the Emplastrum
ring constantly.
PLASTER. See Plasters.
PLASTER, ADHESIVE. See Emplastrum
Adhesivum.
compounds intended for external applica-
tion, adhesive at the temperature of the
human body, and of such a consistence as
to render the aid of heat necessary in
spreading them. Most of them have as
their basis, a compound of olive oil and
plumbi. Those plasters which contain no
lead plaster, owe their consistence and ad-
hesiveness to resinous substances, or to a
mixture of these with wax and oleagi-
PLA
PLU
314
nous matters.
Plasters prepared from
PLUMBATE OF SODA. A com-
herbs, may be prepared extemporaneously pound prepared by boiling litharge in a
by mixing the soft extract of the plant
with about twice its weight of melted ad-
hesive plaster.
tolerably concentrated solution of caustic
soda, by which a clear solution is formed,
containing considerable oxide of lead, ap-
PLATE GLASS. A fine kind of glass parently playing the part of an acid. It
cast in thick plates.
is recommended as a deodorizer for petro-
leum oils.
PLATE-SULPHATE OF POTASSA.
The double sulphate of potassa and soda,
crystallized in hard, thick cakes or slabs,
consisting of successive crops of crystals.
It is a technical product from kelp.
PLATINA,
PLATINUM,} silver, but less bright.
Its specific gravity is 20, and may be in-
creased by heat and pressure to 21.5. It is
harder than iron, undergoes no alteration
in air, resists the action of acids, is very
ductile, and capable of being rolled into
thin plates. It is the heaviest and least
expansible of the metals. Its preparations
are ranked among the alteratives.
A metal of the color of
PLATINA, YELLOW. A pigment of a
pale yellow color, composed of an oxide
of platinum and an earth.
PLATINUM, BLACK. Metallic pla-
tinum in the form of a black powder, ob-
tained by decomposing a weak solution of
chloride of platinum by the agency of
galvanism.
PLATINUM SPONGE. (Spongy Platinum.)
A metallic platinum in the form of a
porous, dull-brown mass, used in chemical
experiments.
PLESIOMORPHISM. The state of
crystallized substances which nearly re-
semble each other in form, but still are
different.
PLEURISY ROOT. See Asclepias.
PLOSSLEA FLORIBUNDA.
Olibanum.
See
PLUM. The fruit of a tree of the
genus Prunus.
PLUMBAGIN. A crystallizable acrid
principle, extracted from the root of Den-
telaire.
PLUMBAGINACEÆ. A family of
plants to which the genera Armeria and
Statice belong.
PLUMBI ACETAS. See Acetate of
Lead.
PLUMBI CARBONAS. See Carbonate of
Lead.
PLUMBI IODIDUM. See Iodide of Lead.
PLUMBI NITRAS. (Nitrate of Lead,
Plumbum Nitricum, Nitrate de Plombe.)
A salt obtained by the action of nitric
acid on litharge, uniting directly with the
protoxide of lead to form the nitrate.
PLUMBI OXIDUM. See Lead, Oxide.
PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM. See Lead,
Red Oxide.
PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVITREUM.
Lead, Oxide.
See
PLUMBI SACCHARAS. See Lead, Sac-
charate.
PLUMBI TANNAS. (Tannate of Lead.)
A preparation formed by precipitating a
concentrated infusion of oak bark with
acetate of lead, added drop by drop. It
is recommended as a useful application to
white swelling.
PLUMBUM. See Lead.
PLUMMER'S PILLS. Sce Anti-
mony, Compound Pills.
PLUMOSE, Having hairs, or any
PLUMOUS. parts or appendages ar-
ranged along an axis; plume-like, as a
plumose leaf.
PLUMOSITE. A sulphuret of anti-
mony and lead, crystallizing in capillary
forms.
PLUM TREE. See Prunes.
PLUMULE. The first bud of a young
plant.
PLUNKETT'S CAUSTIC. A remedy
of great celebrity, consisting of the Ranun-
culus acris and Ranunculus flammula, each
an ounce, bruised, and mixed with a
drachm of arsenious acid, and five scruples
of sulphur. The whole is beaten into a
PLUMBAGO EUROPEA. See Dentelaire. | paste, formed into balls, and dried in the
PLUMBAGO. See Black Lead.
PLU
POL
315
sun. When used, these balls were rubbed
up with yolk of egg, and spread on pig's
bladder.
PLURILOCULAR.
Having several
divisions containing seeds, as the lemon.
PNEUMONIC. A medicine for affec-
tions of the lungs.
stimulant and narcotic; called also Puison-
Ivy.
POISON-VINE. See Poison-Oak.
POKE BERRIES. See Phytolaccœ
Bacca.
POKE ROOT. See Phytolacca Decandra.
POLARISCOPE. An instrument used
POAYA. A Brazilian name for ipe- for the detection of adulterations.
cacuanha.
POD. A capsule of a plant, especially
a legume; a dry, dehiscent fruit.
POD PEPPER. See Guinea Pepper.
PODALYRIA TINCTORIA.
Baptisia Tinctoria.
See
PODOPHYLLI RADIX. (Mandrake
Root.) See Mandrake.
PODOPHYLLI RESINA. (Resin of May-
Apple, Podophyllin, Resin of Podophyllum,
Resina Podophylli.) A resin obtained by
precipitating a concentrated tincture of
May-apple root by water. When pure,
it is also called Podophyllin by the eclec-
tics. It is a powerful cathartic, and in
consequence is sometimes called vegetable
calomel.
POLEMONIACEÆ. A family of
plants including the genus Polemonium.
POLISHING ROUGE. See Fuming
Sulphuric Acid of Nordhausen.
POLLEN. The fecundating dust or
powder of the anthers of flowers.
POLLENINE. A substance obtained
from the pollen of plants.
POLLOCK. See Gadus Pollachius.
POLVERENE. The calcined ashes of
a plant of the nature of pot and pearl
ashes, brought from the Levant and Syria.
Highly valued in the manufacture of glass.
POLYADELPHIA. A class of plants.
having stamens united in three or more
bodies or bundles, by the filaments.
POLYBASIC. Having, or combined
PODOPHYLLIN. See Podophylli Re- with, several bases.
sina.
POROPHYLLUM PELTATUM.}
See Mandrake.
POONIN. See Coralline.
POGOSTEMON PATCHOULY. A
plant belonging to the Labiatæ, from
which the essential oil so much used in
perfumery is obtained.
POISON. Any substance which, when
introduced into the animal organism, is
capable of producing a morbid, noxious,
or deadly effect upon it.
POISON-ASH. A tree of the genus
Amyris (Amyris toxifera), found in the
Carolinas, from the trunk of which a black
liquor distils, supposed to be poisonous.
POISON-OAK. (Toxicodendron.) The
leaves of Rhus toxicodendron, Rhus radi-
cans.
Poison-oak or poison-vine, a shrub
growing in woods, fields, and along fences,
from Canada to Georgia. It flowers in
June and July. When wounded, it emits
a milky juice. The leaves are ranked
among the acrid poisons, and appear to be
POLYCHROITE. A peculiar extrac-
tive matter obtained from saffron, which
undergoes changes of color by the action
of reagents.
POLYCHROMATIC. Exhibiting a
variety of colors.
POLYCHROMATIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.
POLYGALA AMARA. (Bitter Poly-
gala.) A European species of Polygala
possessing properties similar to those of
Polygala senega.
POLYGALA PAUCIFOLIA. A species of
Polygala whose root is supposed to contain
oil of gaultheria.
POLYGALA POLYGAMA, (Bitter Poly-
POLYGALA RUBELLA. gala.) An in-
digenous species of Polygala, found in
many parts of this country, in a dry
sandy or gravelly soil, and flowering in
June and July. It is tonic, laxative, and
diaphoretic.
POLYGALA SENEGA. (Senega, Seneka,
Seneka Snakeroot.) A species of Polygala
growing wild in all parts of this country.
POL
POM
316
The root is a stimulating expectorant and
diuretic, and large doses emetic and ca-
thartic.
POLYGALA VULGARIS. A species of
Polygala growing in Europe, possessing
properties similar to those of the Ameri-
can species.
POLYGALACEÆ. A family of plants
to which belong the genera Krameria and
Polygala.
I
POLYGALIC ACID. A peculiar
acrid principle obtained from the seneka
root.
POLYGONACEÆ,
A family of
plants, including
POLYGONEÆ.
the genera Rheum, Polygonum, and Cho-
rizanthe.
POLYGONATUM
MULTIFLOR-
UM. See Convallaria Multiflora.
POLYGONATUM UNIFLORum. See Con-
vallaria Polygonatum.
POLYGONUM. A genus of plants
embracing a large number of species, in-
cluding the various kinds of buckwheat.
POLYGONUM AVICULARE. See Knot
Grass.
POLYGONUM BISTORTA.
POLYGONUM FAGOPYRUM.
wheat.
See Bistort.
See Buck-
POLYMEROUS. Having the kind of
relation called polymerism.
POLYPETALOUS. Having many
petals; as a polypetalous corolla.
POLYPHARMACY. The act or prac-
tice of prescribing too many medicines.
A prescription made up of too many med-
icines.
POLYPODIUM FILIX FŒMINA.
See Aspidium Filix Fœmina.
POLYPODIUM FILIX MAS. See Aspidi-
um Filix Mas.
POLYPODIUM VULGARE. (Common Poly-
pody.) A fern belonging both to the old
and new continents, and growing in the
clefts of old walls, rocks, and decayed
trunks of trees. The root was deemed
purgative by the ancients. It is at present
considered nearly inert.
POLYPODY. A plant of the genus
Polypodium, of the order of Filices or
ferns.
POLYPODY, COMMON. See Polypodium
Vulgare.
POLYPORUS
ANTHELMINTI-
CUS. A fungus known by the name of
Thaumo and Coahmo, used by the Bur-
mese as a vermifuge.
POLYPRISMATIC.
Having many
POLYGONUM HYDROPIPER. See Persi- lateral secondary planes, with or without
caria Urens.
the primary planes; said of a prismatic
POLYGONUM PERSICARIA. See Persi- crystal.
caria Mitis.
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM,
POLYGONUM HYDROPIPEROIDES.
(Water-Pepper, Smart - Weed.) A species
of Polygonum growing abundantly in this
country in moist places, possessing prop-
erties similar to those of the European
species.
POLYGONUM TINCTORIUM. A species
of Polygonum said to yield indigo.
POLYGYNIA. An order of plants
having many styles.
POLYMERISM. The principle ac-
cording to which a diversity of com-
pounds exist under a common formula;
as, for example, the compounds that may
exist under the general formula (C₂H₂
NO) constitute an example of polymer-
ism.
POLYSPERMOUS. Containing many
seeds.
POLYTRICHUM
See Hair-Cap Moss.
JUNIPERUM.
POMATUM. A perfumed unguent,
or concrete oil, used in dressing the hair.
POME. A fleshy or pulpy pericarp
without valves, containing a capsule or
capsules, as the apple, pear, and the like.
POMEGRANATE RIND. See Gra-
nati Fructus Cortex.
ROOT BARK.
POMEGRANATE
See Granati Radicis Cortex.
POMIFEROUS. A term applied to
plants which bear the larger fruits.
POMMADE POPULEUM. Lard im-
pregnated with the buds of the poplar,
said to be more effectual in preserving it
from rancidity than benzoin.
POM
POT
317
POMPHOLIX. See Lana Philosophica.
POMPONA. A Spanish name for a
variety of vanilla.
PONTEFRACT CAKES. Small loz
enges of licorice, of a superior quality,
made in the vicinity of Pomfret.
POPLAR. (Populus.) A well-known
genus of trees, several of which possess
medicinal virtues. In most of them the
leaf-buds are covered with a resinous exu-
dation, which has a peculiar, agreeable,
balsamic odor, and a bitterish, balsamic,
somewhat pungent taste. The bark of
some of these possesses tonic properties,
and has been used in intermittent fever
with advantage.
POPPY. See Papaver.
POPPY CORN. See Papaver Rhœas.
POPULIN. A crystallizable principle
obtained from the bark of the Populus
tremula.
POPULUS. See Poplar.
POPULUS BALSAMIFERA. A species of
Populus, growing in North America and
Siberia, the buds of which are highly bal-
samic.
POPULUS NIGRA. See Black Poplar.
POPULUS TREMULA. A species of Pop-
lar, the leaves of which yield populin.
POPULUS TREMULOIDES. See Ameri-
can Aspen.
PORCELAIN. A fine, translucent
kind of earthenware, made first in China
and Japan, now made in Europe and
America, from clay composed of alumina
and silica.
PORTABLE SOUP. (Tablettes de
Bouillon.) The pure animal matter of
bones, obtained by digesting them in
weak muriatic acid for seven or eight
days, occasionally renewing the acid,
plunging them for a few moments in boil-
ing water, and then subjecting them to a
strong current of cold water, dissolving
the product thus obtained in water, con-
centrating the solution until it gelatinizes,
then drying the jelly obtained.
PORT, ENGLISH. See English Port.
PORT WINE. (Vinum Portense, Red
Wine, Vinum Rubrum.) The fermented
juice of the grape, the fruit of Vinis vinif-
era. Red wines are generally derived from
the must of black grapes, fermented with
their husks. It was originally made in
Oporto, in Portugal.
PORTER. A vinous liquor obtained
from the fermentation of an infusion of
malt. It contains 4.20 per cent. of al-
cohol.
PORTLAND ARROWROOT. (Port-
land Sago.) An amylaceous substance pre-
pared from a variety of Indian turnip
(Arum maculatum), used in some parts
of Europe as a substitute for bread.
PORTLAND POWDER. A noted remedy
in gout, consisting of equal parts of the
roots of Aristolochia rotunda and Gen-
tiana lutea, of the tops and leaves of Teu-
crium chamædrys and Erythræa centau-
rium, and of the leaves of Ajuga chamæ-
pytis.
PORTLAND SAGO. See Portland Arrow-
POROUS. Full of pores; having in-root.
terstices in the skin or substance of the
body.
PORPHYRHARMINA. An alkaloid
obtained by digesting harmalina with al-
cohol.
PORTULACA OLERACEA.
Garden Purslane.
See
PORTULACEÆ. A family of plants
to which the genus Claytonia belongs.
POSOLOGY. The science or doctrine
of doses.
PORPHYRIZATION. See Levigation.
PORPHYROXIN. A neuter, crys-
POTASH. (Potassa.) The protoxide
tallizable principle, insoluble in water, of the metal potassium. It is a powerful
soluble in alcohol and ether, obtained
from opium. It is characterized by the
property of assuming a purple red or rose
color, when treated in dilute muriatic
acid.
PORRUM. See Allium Porrum.
alkali, and exists in various states of
purity. In its most impure state it is the
common potash of commerce. This, sub-
jected to calcination, is rendered purer,
and is then called Pearlash, or impure car-
bonate of potassa.
POT
POT
318
POTASH, SULPHURATED. See Liver of
Sulphur.
POTASSA. See Potash.
POTASSA, ALCOHOLIC.
tassa.
POTASSA WITH LIME. See Common
POTASSA SUPERTARTRATE.
Tartrate of Potash.
See Acid
See Caustic Po- Caustic, Milder.
POTASSA, YELLOW PRUSSIATE. See
See
(Soda
POTASSA, ALUM. See Alumina and Ferrocyanate of Potassa.
Ammonia Sulphate.
POTASSE BIANTIMONIAS.
POTASSA CUM CALCE. See Common Antimonium Diaphoreticum.
Caustic, Milder.
POTASSA, DRY.
(Protoxide of Potas-
sium.) Potassium combined with two
equivalents or proportions of oxygen. It
is of a gray color.
POTASSA FERROPRUSSIATE.
rocyanate of Potassa.
POTASSE ET SODÆ TARTRAS.
Tartarata, Soda et Potassæ Tartras, Sodæ
Potassio-Tartras, Tartrate of Potassa and
Soda, Tartarated Soda, Rochelle Salt.)
Dissolve twelve ounces of carbonate of
See Fer- soda in five pints of boiling water, and
gradually add one pound of powdered
POTASSA HYDRATE. See Caustic Po- cream of tartar. Filter the solution, and
tassa.
POTASSA HYDRIODATE.
name for iodide of potassium.
evaporate until a pellicle begins to form;
An incorrect then set it aside to crystallize. Pour off
POTASSA HYPERMANGANATE.
tassa Permanganas.
the mother-water, and dry the crystals on
See Po- bibulous paper. Lastly, evaporate the
mother-water, that it may furnish more
POTASSA PRUSSIATE. See Ferrocyanate crystals. It consists of two equivalents of
of Potassa.
tartaric acid, one of potassa, one of soda,
POTASSA, PURE CARBONATE. See Car- and eight of water, and is a mild, cooling
bonate of Potassa.
purgative.
POTASSA QUADROXALATE. (Essential
Salt of Lemons.) A salt often substituted
for the binoxalate. It is prepared in the
same manner, except that instead of one
part, three parts of the acid are added to
the original proportion neutralized by
potassa.
POTASSE PERMANGANAS. (Permanga-
nate of Potassa or Potash, Hypermanganate
of Potassa.) A powerful disinfectant. It
is in the form of slender prismatic crys-
tals, of a dark-purple color, inodorous,
and of a sweetish, astringent taste. In-
ternally, it is used in diphtheria, scarla-
POTASSA, RED PRUSSIATE. See Fer- tina, &c.
ridcyanide of Potassium.
POTASSA SESQUICARBONATE. A salt
produced by the partial decomposition of
bicarbonate of potassa by boiling water,
in five-sixths of its weight of which it is
dissolved.
POTASSA SILICATE. (Silicate of Po-
tassa.) A salt which, together with sili-
cate of soda, is known in commerce as
soluble glass. It is prepared in the same
manner as that in which silicate of soda
is prepared, and by some is preferred for
the purpose of bringing about alkalinity
of the urine.
POTASSE, PRUSSIAS FLAVA. (Yellow
Prussiate of Potassa.) See Ferrocyanate
of Potassium.
POTASSE SULPHAS. (Sulphate of Po-
tassa or Potash, Vitriolated Tartar, Tar-
tarum Vitriolatum, Arcanum Duplicatum,
Sal de Duobus.) A salt produced in the
distillation of nitric acid from a mixture
of nitre and sulphuric acid; or in the de-
composition of sulphate of magnesia by
carbonate of potassa, in the manufacture
of sulphuric acid; or in the decomposition
of tartrate of potassa by sulphate of lime.
It is a mild purgative, and is an ingredient
POTASSA SOLUTION. See Liquor Po- in Dover's powder.
tassæ.
POTASSA SULPHURATA.
Sulphur.
POTASSE SULPHAS CUM SULPHURE.
See Liver of (Sulphate of Potassa with Sulphur, Sal
Polychrestus Glaseri, Sal Polychrest.) An
POT
POW
319
}
old preparation, formed by mixing thor- three equivalents of oxygen. It is of a
oughly equal parts of nitrate of potassa yellowish-brown color.
and sulphur, then throwing the mixture,
in small successive portions, into a red-hot
crucible; and when the deflagration had
ceased, and the salt had cooled, reducing
it to powder, and keeping it in well-closed
bottles. Its medical properties differ but
little, if at all, from those of sulphate of
potassa.
POTASSE TARTRAS. (Soluble Tartar,
Tartrate of Potassa or Potash.) Dissolve
one pound of carbonate of potassa in eight
pints of boiling water; then gradually add
thirty-six ounces of cream of tartar in fine
powder to the solution, or a sufficient
quantity to completely saturate it, then
boil. Filter the liquid, and proceed in
the manner directed for Potassæ et Soda
Tartras.
POTASSE TARTRAS ACIDA. See Acid
Tartrate of Potash.
POTASSII BROMIDUM. See Bro-
mide of Potassium.
POTATO. (Common Potato.) The
fruit of Solanum tuberosum or common
potato plant, the leaves, stalk, and unripe
berries of which are asserted to be nar-
cotic; and an extract prepared from the
leaves, has been employed in cough and
spasmodic affections, in which it is said to
act like opium.
POTATO FLIES.
POTATO SPIRIT
Amylic.
POTATO STARCH.
See Cantharis Vittata.
OIL. See Alcohol,
A starch employed
in various forms, being prepared so as to
imitate more costly amy laceous substances,
such as arrowroot and sago.
POTEEN. Irish whisky.
POTELOT. The sulphuret of molyb-
denum.
POTENTILLA
Cinquefoil.
REPTANS. See
POTENTILLA TORMENTILLA. (Tormen-
tilla Erecta, Tormentilla Officinalis, Sept-
POTASSII CYANURETUM. See Cyanide foil, Tormentil.) A small perennial plant,
of Potassium.
POTASSII SULPHOCYANIDUM. (Sulpho-
cyanide of Potassium.) A salt prepared
by fusing in an iron vessel, at a low red
heat, a mixture of two parts of dried fer-
rocyanide of potassium and one part of
sulphur. It is then purified in the usual
It has been proposed as a sub-
stitute for hydrocyanic acid and cyanide
of potassium.
manner.
POTASSII SULPHURETUM. See Liver of
Sulphur.
POTASSIO-FERRIC ALUM.
An
very common throughout Europe. The
root, Tormentilla, is a simple and power-
ful astringent.
POTHOS. The name of a genus of
plants to which Dracontium was formerly
attached.
POTION. A draught, usually a liquid
medicine; a dose.
POTUS IMPERIALIS. See Imperial.
POTTLE. A liquid measure of four
pints; a half gallon.
POULTICES.
plasms.)
(Cataplasmata, Cata-
Moist substances intended for
external application. Seldom prepared
by the pharmacist.
iron alum produced by the substitution of
sulphate of potassa instead of sulphate of
ammonia, in the preparation of Ferri et
Ammonia Sulphas.
POTASSIO-TARTRATE OF IRON. The troy pound is divided into twelve
See Ferri et Potassa Tartras.
POTASSIUM. A bluish-white lus-
trous metal, having a strong affinity for
oxygen, with which it forms potassa. It
has an atomic weight of 39, and is lighter
than water.
POUND. A legal standard of weight.
ounces, and the avoirdupois into sixteen
ounces. One hundred and forty-four
pounds avoirdupois are equal to one hun-
dred and seventy-five pounds troy weight.
POWDER OF ALGAROTH. See
Antimony, Oxychloride.
POWDER OF CINNAMON COMPOUND.
POTASSIUM TEROXIDE. A form of po-
tassium produced by its combination with | See Aromatic Powder.
POW
PRE
320
See Compound Powders.
POWDER OF IPECACUANHA AND OPIUM. | twelve ounces of sulphur with it, and add
fifteen pints of water to the mixture, then
POWDER OF IRON. See Ferri Pulvis. boil for two hours, occasionally adding
POWDER OF TIN. (Stanni Pulvis.) | water to preserve the same, measure and
Tin reduced to powder by melting it in filter. Dilute the filtered liquid with an
an iron vessel over the fire, and while it equal bulk of water, and drop into it mu-
is cooling, stirring it until it is reduced to riatic acid so long as a precipitate is pro-
a powder, which is to be passed through a duced. Lastly, wash the precipitated sul-
sieve. It is used as an anthelmintic. phur repeatedly with water until the
washings are nearly tasteless, and dry it.
PRECIPITATED SULPHURET OF ANTI-
MONY. See Antimonii Sulphuretum Au-
POWDERS. (Pulveres.) Substances
reduced to different grades of fineness.
They may be divided into the simple, con-
sisting of a single substance, and the com-
pound, of one or more mixed together.
POWDERS, SEIDLITZ. See Aperient
Effervescing Powders.
POWDERS, SODA. See Effervescing
Powders.
reum.
PRECIPITATINGJARS. Jars larger
at bottom than at the top, and furnished
with a lip for pouring.
PRENANTHES ALBA,
PRENANTHES SERPENTARIA.
PRAIRIE DOCK. See Parthenium See Lion's Foot.
Integrifolium.
RIA.}
PREPARATION. Any medicinal sub-
PRAIRIE INDIGO. See Baptisia Tinc- stance fitted for the use of the patient.
toria.
PRECIPITANT.
A liquor which,
when poured on a solution, separates
what is dissolved and makes it precipitate
or fall to the bottom in a concrete state;
thus by adding aqua ammonia to an acid
solution of quinine, the latter will pre-
cipitate.
PRECIPITATE. A substance which,
having been dissolved, is again separated
from its solvent and thrown to the bottom
of the vessel by pouring in another liquor.
See Hydrargyri
PRECIPITATE PER SE.
Oxidum Rubrum.
PRECIPITATED CALOMEL. Calo-
mel obtained in the humid way by pre-
cipitating a solution of corrosive sublimate
by a stream of sulphurous acid.
PRECIPITATED CARBONATE OF IRON.
See Carbonate of Iron, Precipitated.
PRECIPITATED CARBONATE OF ZINC.
See Carbonate of Zinc.
PREPARED CALAMINE. See Cala-
mina Præparata.
PREPARED CHALK. See Creta Præpa-
PREPARED LARD. See Adeps Præpara-
rata.
tus.
PREPARED OYSTER-SHELL. See Testa
Præparata.
PREPARED STORAX. See Liquid Storax.
PREPARED SUET. See Sevum Præ-
paratum.
PREPARED SULPHURET OF ANTIMONY.
See Antimonii Sulphuretum.
PRESCRIBE. To write or give medi-
cal directions; to indicate remedies.
PRESERVED MILK. See Concen-
trated Milk.
PRESTON SALTS. An English
preparation of smelling salts, used as a
nasal stimulant in syncope and hysteria.
It is prepared by mixing a half drachm
of oil of cloves, one drachm of oil of lav-
PRECIPITATED EXTRACT OF BARK. See ender, two and a half drachms of oil of
Amorphous Quinia.
bergamot, with ten ounces of stronger so-
PRECIPITATED PHOSPHATE OF LIME. lution of ammonia. The bottles are then
See Calcis Phosphas Præcipitata.
to be filled with carbonate of ammonia,
PRECIPITATED SULPHUR. (Lac Sul-half with the salt, coarsely bruised, and
phuris, Sulphur Præcipitatum, Milk of the remainder with it in fine powder, and
Sulphur.) Pour sufficient water on eigh- then as much of the above essences as
teen ounces of lime to slake it; then mix the salt will absorb is to be added.
PRI
PRO
321
PRICKLY ASH. The Xanthoxylum
fraxineum or Xanthoxylum Americanum,
a shrub from five to ten feet in height,
growing in the Northern, Middle, and
Western States. The bark is stimulant,
producing when swallowed a sense of heat
in the stomach, with more or less general
arterial excitement and a tendency to
diaphoresis.
PRICKLY PEAR. A species of Cactus.
PRICKLY POPPY. See Argemone Mexi-
cana.
} See Azedarach.
PROGNOSIS. The act or art of fore-
telling the course and result of a disease.
PROOF SPIRIT. (Spiritus Tenuior.)
A spirit made by mixing five pints of
alcohol with three pints of distilled water.
Sp. gr. 0.920 Br.
PROOF VINEGAR. The strongest kind
of vinegar; containing 5 per cent of acetic
acid.
PROPERTY. That which is proper to
anything; a peculiar quality of anything.
The chemical properties of matter, or
those which originate or terminate in the
exercise of chemical affinity; thus, the
explosive power of gunpowder, the com-
bustibility of wood, the solubility of metals
in acids, are chemical properties.
PRIDE OF CHINA.
PRIDE OF INDIA.
PRIME. A number employed in con-
formity with the doctrine of definite pro-
portions to express the ratios in which
bodies enter into combination; a chemi-
cal equivalent.
PRIMROSE TREE. See Enothera white, resinous, little soluble in cold
Biennis.
PRIMULACEÆ. A family of plants,
including the genera Glaux and Anagallis.
PRINCE'S FEATHER. See Ama-
ranthus Hypochondriacus.
PRINCIPLE.
An original element
which characterizes some substance, and
from which it may be obtained by the
process of analysis.
Proximate Principle is one of the dis-
tinct compounds which exist ready formed
in animals and vegetables, such as albu-
men, fat, sugar, &c.
PRINOS VERTICILLATUS.
Black Alder.
PROPHETIN. A neutral organic
principle of the composition C6H6O
36 141
water, more in ether, very soluble in alco-
hol, intensely bitter, splits with acids into
sugar and propheretin, and obtained from
the unripe fruit of Cucumis prophetarum.
PROPHYLACTIC. A medicine which
preserves or defends against disease; a
preventive.
PROPIONIC ACID. A peculiar acid
found in the acid products obtained by the
destructive distillation of wood. Formula
CHO,HO.
PROPOLIS. See Bee Glue.
PROPORTIONAL. See Equivalent.
PROPYL. A carbohydrogen; the radi-
See cal of the alkaloid propylamia (C¸H-).
PRINTING INK. Ink used in print-
ing books, newspapers, &c. It is com-
posed of lampblack, linseed or nut oil,
made thick by boiling and burning, by
black rosin, soap, &c., or with balsam
copaiva and other ingredients for the finer
qualities.
PRISMATIC. Pertaining to the tri-
metric system or right-prismatic forms.
PRIVET. A plant of the genus
Rhamnus.
PROPYLAMIA, A volatile alka-
PROPYLAMIN. }loid, consisting of
carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, discov-
ered in herring-pickle. It was obtained
from ergot of rye by distillation with po-
tassa, and called Secalin or Secalia, and has
been obtained as an artificial product from
cod-liver oil, codeia, narcotina, and other
substances. It forms crystallizable salts
with the acids, and is said to be a valuable
remedy in rheumatism.
PROPYLIC NARCOTINA. A homol-
PROCUMBENT. Unable to support ogous modification of narcotina, which
itself, and therefore lying on the ground, yields propylamin by distillation with
but without putting forth roots; as a pro- potassa.
cumbent stem.
PROSOPSIS. A genus of trees grow-
21
PRO
PSE
322
*
ing in Mexico, which produces a gum
similar to Senegal gum.
PROTEACEÆ.
including the genus Lomatia.
PROTOXIDIZE. To combine with
PRUNELLA VULGARIS. See Heal-
all.
oxygen, as any elementary substance, in
An order of plants the proportion of one equivalent of each.
PROXIMATE. Nearest; next; closest;
PROTECTIVES. Medicines or reme-immediate; as cinchonia is a proximate
dies which operate by excluding the air. | principle of Peruvian bark.
PROTEIN. A principle obtained as a
distinct substance from, and considered as
the basis of animal and vegetable albu-
casein, and fibrin or gluten. It con-
sists of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and
oxygen, and is procured by dissolving any
one of the substances named in a strong
solution of potassa, keeping the solution
for some time at a heat of 120°, and pre-
cipitating with acetic acid.
men,
PRUNES. (Prunum.) The dried fruit
of Prunus domestica or plum tree. They
are laxative and nutritious.
PRUNIN. A concentrated eclectic
remedy, prepared from wild cherry bark.
PRUNUM,
See
PRUNUS DOMESTICA.} Prunes.
PRUNUS LAUROCERAsus.
PROTIODIDE OF MERCURY. See Laurocerasus.
Hydrargyri Iodidum.
PROTO. A prefix used in chemical
language to denote that one equivalent
of an element or substance unites with
another substance, or that the oxide in a
compound contains but one equivalent of
oxygen.
PROTOCATECHUIC ACID. An
acid obtained by the action of melted po-
tassa on the tannin of rhatany.
PROTOCOCCUS VULGARIS.
A
plant which yields a peculiar sugar called
Phycite.
PROTO-SALT. A salt containing a
metallic protoxide.
PROTOSULPHATE. A compound
of sulphuric acid with a protoxide.
PROTOSULPHURET OF CARBON.
A preparation obtained by passing the
vapor of the bisulphuret of carbon over
spongy platinum, or over pumice heated
to redness. It is a colorless gas, a little
heavier than carbonic acid, having an
odor like that of the bisulphuret. It
burns with a blue flame, producing car-
bonic acid, sulphurous acid, and sulphur.
When inhaled, it acts as an anesthetic.
PROTOXALATE OF IRON. See
Oxalate of Iron.
PROTOXIDE. A compound of one
equivalent of oxygen, with one equivalent
of a base, and destitute of acid properties.
PROTOXIDE OF NITROGEN. See Laugh-
ing Gas.
See Cerasus
PRUNUS SPINOSA. See Acacia Nostras.
PRUNUS VIRGINIANA. See Cerasus
Serotina.
PRUSSIAN BLUE. See Ferrocyanide
of Iron.
PRUSSIATE. One of various com-
pound cyanides; as the red and yellow
prussiates of potash.
PRUSSIATE OF MERCURY. See Bicyan-
ide of Mercury.
PRUSSIATE OF POTASSA. See Ferro-
cyanate of Potassa.
PRUSSIC ACID. Hydrocyanic acid;
called Prussic, because formerly obtained
from Prussian blue. It is a virulent
poison.
PSEUDOCURARIN. An alkaloid
soluble in water and alcohol, and neither
volatile or poisonous; discovered in
oleander.
PSEUDOMORPHIA. (Phormia.) A
principle discovered in opium, said to be
only occasionally present in it. It pos-
sesses properties characteristic of mor-
phia, and yet it is without any poisonous
influence upon the animal economy. It
is tasteless, insoluble in water, alcohol,
ether, chloroform, and dilute sulphuric
acid, soluble in solution of potassa, soda,
and lime.
PSEUDOMORPHOUS.
Not having
the true form. A pseudomorphous crys-
tal is one which has a form that does not
PSE
PUL
323
result from its own powers of crystalliza- It has little taste or smell, and is used
tion.
chiefly for coloring purposes.
PSEUDOSPERMIC. Having the seed
so closely attached to the pericarp that it
cannot readily be distinguished from the
integuments of the latter.
PSORALEIN. Caffeina, Theina, or
Guaranina.
PSORALIA EGLANDULOSA,
PSORALIA MELILOTOIDES.
See Congo Root.
PSYCHOTRIA EMETICA. A plant
growing in New Granada, long errone-
ously considered as the source of the true
ipecacuanha.
PSYLLII SEMEN. The seeds of sev-
eral species of Plantago, growing in Eu-
rope, said to be demulcent and emollient,
closely resembling flaxseed in medical
properties.
PTEROCARPUS DRACO. A tree
of the West Indies and South America,
which by incision exudes a substance called
dragon's blood, little known in commerce.
PTEROCARPUS ERINACEUs. A tree
growing in Senegal, and upon the banks
of the Gambia, on the western coast of
Africa, from which a variety of kino was
obtained.
PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM. A species
of Pterocarpus, from which East India
kino is obtained.
PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS. See Ptero-
carpi Lignum.
PTYALIN. A soluble matter, which
constitutes a part of the saliva. It acts
as a fermenting principle, and readily con-
verts starch into sugar.
PTYSMAGOGUE. A medicine that
PTARMIC. A medicine intended to promotes discharges of saliva.
promote sneezing; a sternutatory.
PTELEA TRIFOLIATA. (Hop Tree,
Shrubby Trefoil, Wingseed, Wafer Ash.)
A shrub six or eight feet high, growing
in rocky places, from Pennsylvania to
Wisconsin, and southward. The bark of
the root has been used in cases of dyspep-
sia, and generally in diseases requiring
tonics. The plant belongs to the family
Rutaceae.
PTELIN. A concentrated remedy pre-
pared from the bark of the root of Ptelea
trifoliata, by adding a saturated tincture to
twice its volume of water, and distilling
off the alcohol. It is a tonic.
PTERIS AQUILINA. The common
brake, sometimes called also female fern.
It is said to have the property of destroy-
ing tapeworm.
PTERITANNIC ACID. A peculiar
acid obtained from the root of the male
fern.
PTEROCARPI LIGNUM. (Red San-
dal-Wood.) The wood of Pterocarpus san-
talinus, a large tree, native of India. Its
wood is the officinal red saunders, or san-
talum, though it is believed that the prod-
uct of other trees is sold by the same name.
PUBESCENCE. The soft short hairs
on plants.
PUCCIN. A pale-red, tasteless alka-
loid, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol
and ether, and obtained from blood root.
It unites with muriatic and sulphuric
acids to form crystallizable compounds,
of a deep-red color.
PUCCOON. A name by which blood-
root is sometimes called.
PUCCOON, YELLOW. See Hydrastis.
PUCE OXIDE OF LEAD. See Deut-
oxide of Lead.
PUFF-BALL. (Lycoperdon Proteus.)
A species of Lycoperdon thought to have
smoke of this fungus having been used
narcotic and anesthetic properties. The
for the purpose of stupefying bees, it was
tried upon various animals, which when
caused to inhale it, became insensible.
PULEGIUM. See Hedeoma.
PULMONARIA OFFICINALIS.
See Lungwort.
PULMONIC. A medicine for the
lungs.
PULP. A moist, slightly cohering
mass, consisting of soft, undissolved ani-
mal or vegetable matter; as the soft suc-
culent part of a fruit.
PUL
PUR
324
PULQUE. A sweet, intoxicating, fer-
mentable juice, obtained from the Agave
pulque, a species similar to the Agave
Americana.
PULSATILLA.
dow.
PULSIFIC.
PULVIS CRETE AROMATICUS CUM OPIO.
See Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium.
PULVIS GLYCYRRHIZA COMPOSITUS.
Powdered senna leaves, two parts; pow-
See Anemone, Meu- dered licorice root, two parts; powdered
fennel seeds, one part; sulphur, one part;
A medicine which ex- powdered white sugar, six parts. Mix.
PULVIS HYDRARGYRI CINEREUS.
cites the pulse.
PULVERABLE.
pulverized.
A
Capable of being preparation officinal in a former Dublin
Pharmacopoeia, made by adding carbonate
of ammonia to a solution of mercury in
PULVERES. See Powders.
PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES. See Ef- heated nitric acid.
fervescing Powders.
PULVIS MAGNESIÆ CUM RHEо. Car-
bonate of magnesia, sixty parts; pow-
PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES APERI-
ENTES. See Aperient Effervescing Powdered white sugar, forty parts; powdered
ders.
PULVERINE. The ashes of barilla.
PULVERIZE. To reduce to a fine
powder.
PULVERIZED SILEX. (Silex Con-
tritus, Silicic Acid.) A white, harsh,.taste-
less powder, insoluble in water and most
other solvents. It is the teroxide of sili-
con, and may be conveniently obtained
from colorless quartz or rock-crystal.
PULVERIZERS. See Atomizers.
PULVIS EROPHORUS. Bicarbon-
ate of soda, five parts; tartaric acid, four
parts; powdered white sugar, nine parts.
Each substance to be well dried and finely
powdered before mixing.
PULVIS ALGAROTHI.
Oxychloride.
rhubarb, fifteen parts; oil of fennel, one
part. Mix.
(Pumice-Stone.)
PUMEX.
A very
light porous stone found in the vicinity of
active and extinct volcanoes, and believed
to have been thrown up during their erup-
tion. The pumice-stone of commerce is
said to be obtained chiefly from Lipari.
It is used for polishing purposes.
PUMICE-STONE. See Pumex.
PUMPKIN. See Cucurbita Pepo.
PUNGENT. Prickling; piercing;
acrid.
PUNICA GRANATUM. See Granati
Radicis Cortex.
PUNICIN. A peculiar principle of
an acrid taste, obtained from the bark of
See Antimony, the pomegranate root. It affects the nos-
trils somewhat like medicinal veratria,
and has the aspect of an oleo-resin.
PULVIS ALOES ET CANELLA. (Hiera
Picra, Powder of Aloes and Canella.) Rub
together, until thoroughly mixed, twelve
ounces of Socotrine aloes and three ounces
of canella; each in fine powder.
PULVIS AMYGDALE COMPOSITUS. See
Compound Powder of Almonds.
PULVIS CAPUCINORUM. A powder
used in Europe for the destruction of ver-
min in the hair, and considered by the
Mexicans useful in hydrophobia. Saba-
dilla or cevadilla is the principal ingre-
dient.
PULVIS COMMITISSE. A name by which
powdered cinchona was formerly known.
PULVIS CRETE AROMATICUS. See
Aromatic Powder of Chalk.
PUNICUM MALUM. A name ap-
plied by the ancients to the pomegranate
fruit.
PUNK. A species of fungus.
PUPELO. Cider brandy.
PURE. Separate from all extraneous
matter; clear; free from mixture.
PURE ÆTHER. See Ether Fortior.
PURE GUM See Arabic Acid.
PURE PRUSSIAN BLUE. See Ferrocyan-
ide of Iron.
PURE WATER. See Aqua.
PURGATIVE. A medicine that evacu-
ates the intestines; a cathartic.
PURGING AGARIC.
Purging.
See Agaric,
PUR
PYR
325
PURGING CASSIA. See Cassia Fistula.
PURGING FLAX. See Linum Cathar-
ticum.
PURGING NUTS. See Barbadoes Nuts.
PURIFIED. Made pure.
linseed oil, beaten to the consistence of
dough.
PUTTY FOR METALS. Starch and chlor-
ide of zinc form a good putty for metals;
it soon hardens and will last for months.
PUTTY POWDER. An oxide of tin, or
of tin and lead in various proportions,
much used in polishing glass and other
PURIFIED ALOES. See Aloe Purificata.
PURIFIED ANIMAL CHARCOAL.
See
Carbo Animalis Purificatus.
PURIFIED BISMUTH. See Bismuth, hard substances.
Purified.
PURIFIED CHLOROFORM. See Chloro-
form.
PURIFIED OX BILE. See Fel Bovinum
Purificatum.
PUTTY, WATER-PROOF.
Common or
Venice turpentine is mixed with three per
cent. of sulphuric acid, after twelve hours
kneaded well in tepid water, containing
twelve per cent. of zinc white of the
weight of the turpentine, and dried. Lin-
seed oil, after being mixed with twenty-
five per cent. its weight of caoutchouc,
dissolved in twenty times its weight of
PURIFIED SUGAR. A brittle and pul-
verulent, perfectly white, inodorous sugar,
possessed of the pure saccharine taste when
carefully refined.
PURPLE. A color composed of red spirits of turpentine, is boiled down to
and blue.
PURPLE AVENS. See Avens, Water.
PURPLE WILLOW-HERB. See Loose-
strife.
PURPURATE. A compound of pur-
puric acid and a base.
PURPURATE OF AMMONIA. See Mu-
rexide.
PURPURIC ACID. An acid pro-
duced by the action of nitric acid upon
the lithic or uric acid, having a purple
color.
PURPURIN. A coloring principle
found in madder. See Oxylizaric Acid.
PURREE. See Indian Yellow.
PURREIC ACID. See Euxanthic
Acid.
PURSLANE. See Garden Purslane.
PUTAMEN OVI. (Testa Ovi.) The
shell of the egg of the common dung-hill
fowl. It consists chiefly of carbonate of
lime, with animal matter, and a minute
proportion of phosphate of lime, carbonate
of magnesia, oxide of iron, and sulphur.
PUTCHA PAT. Patchouly.
PUTCHUCK. A fragrant root, im-
ported into China from the northwest
coast of India, and used for burning in-
cense.
PUTTY. A paste or cement made of
whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and
one-half, mixed with the former prepara-
tion, and a gentle heat applied until they
are dissolved and all the turpentine evap-
orated.
}
See Gomme
de Chagual.
PUYA ALPETRIS,
PUYA COARCTATA,
PUYA CERULEA.
PYIN. A modified albuminous prin-
ciple contained in pus.
PYRETHRUM.
rethrum.
See Anacyclus Py-
See Cau-
PYRETHRUM CARNEUM,
PYRETHRUM ROSEUM. Scasian Insect
Powder.
PYRETHRUM PARTHENIUM. See Chrys-
anthemum Parthenium.
PYRENE. An empyreumatic volatile
oil of the composition C30H12, obtained
from coal tar.
PYRETIN. A name given to various
empyreumatic resinous products, obtained
from the pitch left after the evaporation
of tar.
PYRETIN ACID. See Acid, Pyretin.
PYRIDINA. An artificial alkaloid
composed of C10H,N, obtained by the ac-
tion of potassa on cinchonia.
PYRITES. A combination of sulphur
with iron, copper, cobalt, or nickel.
PYRITES, CUBIC. See Cubic Pyrites.
PYRMONT WATER.
A celebrated
PYR
PYR
326
water, a wine pint of which contains
26 cubic inches of carbonic acid, 10
grains of carbonate of magnesia, 4.5
grains carbonate of lime, 5.5 grains of
sulphate of magnesia, 8.5 grains sulphate
of lime, 1.5 grains chloride of sodium,
0.6 grains oxide of iron. Total 30.6
grains.
PYRO. A prefix used to denote some
modification by, or the possession of some
quality or effect of, heat.
PYROACETIC ACID. Acetic acid
exposed to the action of heat. Combined
with aluminous matter, it is recommended
as a preventive against boiler incrusta-
tions.
PYROACETIC ETHER,
PYROACETIC SPIRIT.
See Acetone.
PYRO ACID. An acid obtained by
subjecting another acid to the action of
heat.
PYROMALATE. A salt formed by
the union of pyromalic acid and a base.
PYROMALIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained by subjecting malic acid to the
action of heat.
PYROMECONIC ACID. An acid
6
4
composed of CH,O=C₁₂H₂O10-200g
and produced by the dry distillation of
meconic or komenic acid.
PYROMUCATE. A salt formed by
the union of pyromucic acid and a base.
PYROMUCIC. Pertaining to, or ob-
tained from mucic acid when distilled.
PYROPHORUS. A substance which
takes fire on exposure to air, or which
maintains or retains light. It is made by
heating together alum, pearl-ashes, and
lampblack.
PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON. See
Ferri Pyrophosphas.
PYROPHOSPHORIC ACID. A form
PYROCATECHUIC ACID. See Oxy- of phosphoric acid requiring heat for its
phenic Acid.
PYRODEXTRIN A solid, black,
insipid, inodorous substance, insoluble in
alcohol or ether, but readily dissolved by
water, with which it forms a viscid solu-
tion. It is obtained when starch or sub-
stances containing it is exposed to a high
heat.
production. It is the bibasic.
PYROPHOSPHOTRIAMIC ACID.
An acid formed by saturating oxychloride
of phosphorus with dry ammonia gas,
without regard to temperature, heating
the resulting mass to about 200° C., add-
ing water, and boiling for about a minute,
when the whole of the insoluble portion
PYRODIORIC ACID. See Oxyphenic will be converted into the triamic acid
without loss.
Acid.
See Gal-
PYROGALLIC ACID,
PYROGALLINE.
line.
PYROGAYIC ACID. See Gayacol.
PYROGUAIACINE. A peculiar crys-
talline substance obtained by the dry dis-
tillation of Guaiaci resina.
PYROLA UMBELLATA. See Chi-
maphila Umbellata.
PYROTARTARIC ACID. An acid
produced by exposing tartaric acid to heat
in a close vessel. It is composed of 2HO,
C10H6O6
PYROTARTRATE.
A salt formed
by the union of pyrotartaric acid and a
base.
PYROTHOMIDE. An empyreumatic
oil produced by the combustion of tex-
PYROLIGNEOUS. Generated or pro-tures of hemp, linen, or cotton, in a copper
cured by the distillation of wood.
PYROLIGNEOUS ACID. See Acid.
PYROLIGNEOUS SPIRIT. See Alcohol,
Methylic.
vessel, and formerly used as a remedial
agent.
PYROTIC. A caustic medicine.
PYROURIC ACID. An acid ob-
PYROLIGNEOUS VINEGAR. See Crude taired by subjecting uric acid to distilla-
Pyroligneous Acid.
PYROLUSITE. A name applied to
manganese ores in the form of the black
or deutoxide.
tion.
PYROXYLIC. Obtained by the de-
structive distillation of wood, as pyroxylic
spirit.
PYR
QUA
327
PYROXYLIC ALCOHOL, See Alcohol,
}
PYROXYLIC SPIRIT. S Methylic.
PYROXYLIN. See Gun Cotton.
PYRROL. A volatile principle ob-
tained from coal tar.
PYRROLINA. An artificial alkaloid
composed of CH¸N, formed by the action
of potassa on cinchonia.
|
QUAKER'S BLACK DROP. See
Lancaster Black Drop.
QUAKING GRASS. A graminaceous
plant of several species, belonging to the
genus Briza, whose spikelets have a tremu-
lous motion.
An
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS.
analysis for determining the constituent
PYRUS CYDONIA. See Cydonia elements of a compound without regard to
Vulgaris.
PYRUS MALUS. The common apple
tree.
QUACK.
Q.
A boastful pretender to
medical skill; an empiric; a mountebank;
a charlatan.
QUADRATIC
Dimetric; applied to
the system of crystallization which in-
cludes the square prism and related forms.
QUADRIBASIC. Having four parts
of base to one of acid.
quantity.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS. An
analysis which determines the propor-
tional quantity of each of the elements
which make up a compound.
QUANTUM SUFFICIT. A sufficient
quantity.
QUART. The fourth part of a gallon.
QUARTATION. The alloying of one
part of gold that is to be refined with
three parts of silver, by which means
nitric or sulphuric acid is enabled to sep-
arate the gold from the inferior metals
originally associated with it.
QUARTZ, Pure silex, occurring in
pellucid, glassy crystals, having the form
of a six-sided prism, terminated at each
end by a pyramid.
QUADRIFID. Divided half way from
the margin to the base into four clefts; as
a quadrifid perianth; cut about half-way
into four segments, with linear sinuses
and straight margins; as a quadrifid leaf. QUASSIA. The wood of Simaruba
QUADRIFOIL,
Having four excelsa, Quassia excelsa, or Picræna ex-
QUADRIFOLIATE. leaflets grow-celsa. It possesses in the highest degree
ing from the extremity of the petiole; all the properties of the simple bitters.
four-leaved.
}
QUADRIHYDRATED NITRIC
ACID. Nitric acid of the sp. gr. of 1.42.
It is the acid now officinal in both the
United States and British Pharmacopoeias.
It is the most stable of the hydrated com-
pounds of nitric acid, and boils at 250°.
It consists of one equivalent of dry acid
and four of water.
Having four
QUASSIA AMARA. (Bitter Quassia.)
A small branching tree or shrub. It is a
native of Surinam, growing also in the
West India Islands. Its root, bark, and
wood are excessively bitter. It seldom
reaches our markets.
QUASSIA EXCELSA,
(Picræna Excel-
QUASSIA SIMARUBA, sa, Bitter Ash.)
A lofty tree, growing sometimes not less
than one hundred feet high. This species
inhabits
QUADRILOBATE lobes; as a quad- inhabits Jamaica and the Caribbean
QUADRILOBED.
rilobed leaf.
lobes; as a quad-
Islands. The wood is the officinal portion.
QUADRILOCULAR. Having four See Quassia.
cells; as a quadrilocular pericarp.
QUADROXALATE OF POTASSA.
See Potassa Quadroxalate.
QUADROXIDE. An oxide in which
four equivalents of oxygen are combined
with one equivalent of some other ele-
ment.
QUASSIE LIGNUM.
See Quassia.
(Quassia Wood.)
QUASSIN. A peculiar bitter crystal-
lizable principle contained in quassia, and
upon which the virtues of the latter de-
pend.
QUASSY. The name of the negro who
QUE
QUI
328
QUERCUS OCCIDENTALIS. An oak grow-
ing in the southwest of France and in
first made known the medicinal virtues of
one species of the quassia plant.
QUEEN OF THE MEADOW. See Portugal, which it is said contributes to
Hardhack.
the supply of the cork of commerce.
QUEEN'S DELIGHT,.
QUEEN'S ROOT.
QUERCETIN.
See Stillin-
gia.
A neuter substance
QUERCUS PEDUNCULATA.
cus Alba.
See Quer-
QUERCUS SUBER. A large oak, grow-
obtained from the decomposition of quer-ing in Spain, France, north of Italy, Al-
citrin; also from apple-tree bark.
QUERCIN. A peculiar bitter princi-
ple discovered in European oak bark.
QUERCITANNIC ACID. See Gallo-
tannic Acid.
geria, and some of the Mediterranean
islands, from which it is said cork is ex-
clusively obtained.
QUERCUS TINCTORIA. (The Black Oak.)
One of the largest trees of our American
QUERCITE. A peculiar saccharine forests, frequently growing to the height
matter contained in acorns.
QUERCITRIC ACID, The coloring
QUERCITRIN. principle of
quercitron, Quercus tinctoria, or black oak
bark. It possesses the property of com-
bining with salifiable bases. It is com-
posed of CroH6040, and is also called
rutinic acid, being obtained from Ruta
graveolens.
QUERCITRON. A name given to the
coarsely-powdered bark (deprived of its
epidermis) of the black oak or Quercus
tinctoria. It is used for dyeing.
QUERCOTANNIC ACID. An acid
contained in oak bark, black tea, &c. It
is similar to gallotannic, but yields
gallic or pyrogallic acid.
QUERCUS ÆGILOPS, 1 Species of
QUERCUS CERRIS,
from
QUERCUS EXCelsa,
QUERCUS ILEX,
QUERCUS RObur.
oak
no
which it is
said galls
are obtain-
ed.
QUERCUS ALBA. (White Oak.) An oak
approaching closely in the character of
its foliage, and the properties of its wood
and bark, to Quercus pedunculata of Great
Britain. Its bark is astringent and tonic.
QUERCUS CORTEX. (Oak Bark.)
QUERCUS FALCATA. (Spanish Oak.)
QUERCUS MONTANA. (Rock Chest-
nut Oak.)
QUERCUS PRINUS. (White Chestnut
Oak.)
of eighty or ninety feet. Its bark has a
more bitter taste than that of the other
species, and has been given with advan
tage in intermittent fever.
QUERCUS VIRENS. See Live Oak.
QUEVENNE'S IRON.
Pulvis.
See Ferri
QUICKENS. See Chiendent.
QUICKLIME. See Calx.
QUICKSILVER. See Hydrargyrum.
QUILLAY,
QUILLAY SAPONARIA. }
An ev-
ergreen
tree, growing in the mountains of Chili,
in South America, the liber or inner bark
of which constitutes what is called Soap
bark, from its property of imparting to
water a soapy appearance, and of possess-
ing to some extent its erasive properties.
It has been used also as a febrifuge.
QUILMAI. A name given in Chili
to the root of Echites Chilensis.
QUINA DE CUENCA. A cinchona
bark, ascribed by some to the Cuenca ma-
crocalyx, and others to Cuenca condaminea.
It contains 0.59 per cent. quinia, and 1.79
per cent. cinchonia.
QUINCE. See Cydonia Vulgaris.
QUINCE ESSENCE. An artificial essence
of quince prepared by dissolving œnanthic
ether in alcohol in due proportion.
QUINIA, A basic alkaloid, ob-
QUININE. S tained from various spe-
cies of cinchona, especially from Cinchona
flava or Cinchona Calisaya. It is inodor-
Species resembling the officinal Quercus ous, very bitter, unalterable in the air,
alba or white oak.
and forms salts with the acids which
QUERCUS INFECTORIA. See Dyer's Oak. readily crystallize. It is obtained by
QUI
QUI
329
treating its sulphate with the solution of over if salicine be present, which may be
an alkali, collecting the precipitates, | determined by adding a few drops of per-
washing it till the water comes away chloride of iron to the distillate, by which
tasteless, then drying it, dissolving it in a more or less deep violet color is devel-
alcohol, and slowly evaporating the solu- oped.
tion.
QUINIA ACETATE. A salt formed in
the same manner as the acetate of potassa.
QUINIA, AMORPHOUS. See Amorphous
Quinia.
QUINIA ANTINOMIATE.
ates.
QUINIA ARSENITE.
See Antinomi-
See Arsenites.
QUINIA BISULPHATE. See Bisulphates.
QUINIA CAMPHORATE. See Camphor-
ates.
QUINIA CITRATE. See Citrates.
QUINIA FERROCYANATE. See Ferro-
cyanates.
QUINIA URATE. See Urates.
QUINIA VALERIANATE. See Valerian-
ates.
};
QUINIC ACID. See Kinic Acid.
QUINICIA, 1 An alkaloid, which
QUINICINE. if it does not pre-exist
in Peruvian bark, results in the process of
the separation of quinidia. See Amor-
phous Quinia.
QUINIDIA, } A peculiar alkaloid
QUINIDINE. isomeric with quinia,
consisting of CH2N2O4. It crystallizes
readily in rhombic prisms which contain
four equivalents of water, and effloresce
QUINIA HYPOPHOSPHITES. See Hypo- on exposure to the air. It is sublimable
phosphites.
QUINIA IODIDE OF SULPHATE.
Iodides.
by heat without change, and is condensed
See in a crystalline form. It resembles quinia
in composition, and in its chemical rela-
tions with chlorine and ammonia, being
rendered green by the successive action of
those agents.
QUINIA KINATE. See Kinates.
QUINIA LACTATE. See Lactates.
QUINIA PHOSPHATE. See Phosphates.
QUINIA SULPHATE. See Sulphates.
QUINIA TANNATE. See Tannates.
QUINIA TESTS. As a test for the purity
of quinia from quinidia, cinchonia, and
cinchonidia, Stoddart recommends the fol-
lowing: Dissolve 6 grammes of the suspect-
ed article in a test-tube, by 5 grammes
sulphuric acid, and 3 grammes water; to
this add 7.5 grammes ether, 18 grammes
alcohol, and 2 grammes of an eight per
cent. solution of caustic soda.
QUINIOMETRY. A name given to
the process for determining the quinia
strength of the Peruvian barks.
QUINIUM.
A European prepara-
tion, made by mixing quinia and cin-
chona barks, in such proportion that there
should be about two parts of the former
alkaloid to one of the latter, with half
their weight of slaked lime, exhausting
the mixture with alcohol, and then dis-
tilling and evaporating to dryness. The
dose is three grains.
An alkaloid, sup-
QUINOIDINE. posed to be (when
pure) identical with quinicia.
QUINOIDINE, ANIMAL. See Ani-
mal Quinoidine.
The mixture, when well shaken and al-
lowed to stand for twelve hours, will de-
posit all the contaminating alkaloids,
leaving the quinia in solution. The quin-
idia forms an oily layer at the bottom of
the liquid. As a test for salicine in quinia
-by which one-half per cent. is readily
detected-introduce the suspected salt in
QUINOLEIN. See Cincholin.
a flask containing a little water, add to QUINO-QUINO. A name given in
this a small quantity of sulphuric acid | Paraguay to a species of Myroxylon or
and a corresponding amount of bichromate Myrospermum, the bark of which is used
of potassa. A curved tube, dipping into
a little water, is then attached, and heat
applied, when hydrate of salicyl will distil
in powder and decoction, as a remedy in
wounds and ulcers; and from the trunk
of which a juice is obtained, which in its
QUI
RAN
330
concrete state closely resembles dried bal-
sam of Peru.
QUINQUE. The number five.
RADICLE. The rudimentary stem of
a plant which supports the cotyledons in
the seed, and from which the root is devel-
QUINQUECAPSULAR. Having five oped downward; the stem of the embryo.
capsules.
QUINQUEFOLIATE.
leaves.
RADICULE. That end of the embryo
Having five which is opposite to the cotyledons.
QUINQUELOBATE.
Having five
lobes.
RADIX. The root of a plant.
RADIX CARYOPHYLLATÆ. See Caryo-
QUINQUELOCULAR. Having five phyllato Radix.
cells, as a pericarp.
QUINQUEVALVULAR.
five valves, as a pericarp.
QUINTESSENCE. Concentrated
sence.
R.
RADIX ZEDOARIE. (Zedoary.) There
Having are two kinds of zedoary: the long and
the round, distinguished by the old offici-
es-nal titles of Radix zedoariæ longæ and
Radix zedoariæ rotundæ, the former pro-
duced by the Curcuma zedoaria of Rox-
burgh, and the latter, as some suppose,
by the Kempferia rotunda, but according
to others by the Curcuma zerumbet of
Roxburgh. It is not now employed, as it
produces no effects which cannot as well
or better be obtained from ginger.
RACEME. A flower cluster with short
and equal lateral one-flowered pedicels, as
in the currant.
RACEMIC ACID. See Paratartarie
Acid.
RACEMOSE. Resembling a raceme.
RACEMOUS. Growing in racemes.
RACHITIS. A disease which produces
abortion in the fruit.
RADCLIFF'S ELIXIR. An elixir
consisting of aloes, cinnamon, zedoary,
rhubarb, cochineal, syrup of buckthorn,
and spirit and water as the solvent.
RAGWEED. See Ambrosia Trifida.
RAGWORT. See Senecio Aureus.
RAISINS. See Uva Passa.
RAIN-WATER. See Snow- Water.
RAKEE. A common Russian brandy.
RAMENTA. Thin, brown, foliaceous,
scale-like processes upon the leaves or
young shoots of some plants, especially
upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.
RAMIE. A southern perennial plant,
the cleaned fibre of which is white with-
out bleaching, and finer than flax or hemp
fibre.
RADICAL. An element (or molecular
group, and hence called compound radical)
whether insoluble or not, that may be
transferred from one combination to
another in exchange for one or more atoms RANCID. Having & rank smell;
of hydrogen or its representatives.
strong-scented; sour; musty; rankness.
RADICAL VINEGAR. See Acetic Acid, The rancidity of oils may be analogous to
Glacial.
RADICANT. Taking root on or above
the ground; rooting from the stem.
RADICATION. The disposition of
the root of a plant with respect to the as-
cending and descending caudex.
RADICEL. A little root or rootlet.
RADICES COLUMBRINÆ. A bit-
ter root used by the ancients for the cure
of intermittent fever. It is now thought
to be the root of strychnos nux vomica.
the oxidation of metals.
RANGOON PETROLEUM,
RANGOON TAR.
}
See Burmese Naphtha.
RANUNCULACEÆ. A family of
plants, of which the genera Ranunculus,
Aconitum, Anemone, Cimicifuga, Actæa,
Helleborus, Clematis, Aquilegia, Delphin-
ium, &c., are members.
RANUNCULUS. A genus of plants,
embracing many species, some of them
RAN
RED
331
beautiful, flowering plants, diversified gramme of chloride of potassium, and one-
with many rich colors.
RANUNCULUS ACRIS,
See Crow-
foot.
RANUNCULUS BULBOSUs.
RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA,
RANUNCULUS REPENS,
RANUNCULUS SCELERATUS. J
RAPE. A plant of several species of
the genus Brassica, especially Brassica
napus and Brassica campestris, the seeds
of which are given to canary birds, and
also yield an oil.
RAPPEE SNUFF. A kind of snuff,
of either a brown or black color, made
from the darker and ranker kinds of to-
fifth of a gramme of powdered black pep-
per. The mixture is to be taken in tea-
spoonful doses.
REACTION. The mutual or recipro-
cal action of chemical agents upon each
other; the manifestation of distinctive
characters.
REAGENT. A substance employed
to detect the presence of other bodies; a
test.
REALGAR (Bisulphuret of Arsenic.)
See Arsenic Bisulphuret.
RECEIVER A vessel connected with
an alembic; a retort or the like for receiv-
bacco-leaves, moistened and sometimes ing and condensing the product of distilla-
scented.
RAREFACTION. The act or process
of making rare, or of expanding or dis-
tending bodies by separating the parts;
opposed to condensation.
tion; a vessel for receiving and containing
gases.
RECEPTACLE. The apex of the
flower-stalk, from which the organs of the
flower grow, or into which they are in-
RAREFY. To make rare, thin, porous, serted.
less dense.
RASPBERRY. A species of Rubus
growing in this country, possessing prop-
erties common to its class.
RASPBERRY SYRUP. A syrup prepared
in the same manner as mulberry syrup.
It is recommended, however, that the
juice should be allowed to stand from eight
to fifteen hours, according to the tempera-
ture, in order to ferment.
RATAFIA. A fine spirituous liquor,
flavored with cherries, apricots, peaches,
or other fruit, and sweetened with sugar.
RATSBANE. Poison for rats; ar-
senic.
RECIPE. A formula or a prescription
for medicine.
RECOMBINE. To combine again.
RECREMENT. Superfluous matter
separated from that which is dross.
RECRYSTALLIZATION. The pro-
cess of a second crystallizing.
RECTIFIED. Refined; purified by
repeated distillations.
RECTIFIED OIL OF AMBER. See Oil of
Amber.
RECTIFIED SPIRIT. See Alcohol.
RECTIFY. To refine by repeated dis-
tillation or sublimation, by which the fine
RATTLESNAKE WEED. See Hi- parts of a substance are separated from
eracium Venosum.
RATTLESNAKE'S MASTER. See
Liatris Scariosa.
RAW MEAT. An article of diet rec-
ommended for consumptive patients and
scrofulous children. Prepared by taking
100 grammes of fillet of beef, deprived of
all fatty and membranous matter, cutting
up finely, beating it in a mortar, adding
20 grammes of powdered sugar, 1.5
grammes chloride of sodium, half a
it
the grosser.
RECURRENT CRYSTAL. A crys-
tal whose faces, being counted in annular
ranges from one extremity to the other,
furnish two different numbers, which suc-
ceed each other several times, as 4, 8, 4,
4.
8,
RED ANTIMONY. A crystalline
mineral of a red color, consisting of the
oxide and sulphuret of antimony.
RED BARK. A name applied to a va-
RED
REG
332
riety of Peruvian bark on account of its
color. In South America it is called Cas-
carilla roxa and Colorada. It is chemi-
cally distinguished by containing consider-
able quantities of both quinia and cin-
chonia. See Barks.
RED BOLE. See Bole Armenian.
RED CATECHU. See Black Catechu.
RED CEDAR. See Cedars.
RED CHALK. (Reddle.) A deep red
mineral substance consisting of clay and
oxide of iron, and is intermediate between
bole and red ochre, containing more oxide
of iron than the former, and less than the
latter. It is used chiefly for drawing
lines upon wood, &c.
RED CHARCOAL. A charcoal inter-
mediate in its qualities between wood and
ordinary charcoal. Produced at a tem-
RED OXIDE OF MERCURY. See Hy-
drargyri Oxidum Rubrum.
RED PEPPER. See Capsicum.
RED POPPY. See Papaver Rhoas.
RED PRECIPITATE. See Hydrargyri
Oxidum Rubrum.
RED PRUSSIATE OF POTASH. See Fer-
ridcyanide of Potassium.
RED-ROOT. See Ceanothus Americanus.
RED ROSE. See Rosa Gallica.
RED SANDAL-WOOD,
RED SAUNDERS.
}
See Pterocarpus
Santalinus.
RED SULPHURET OF MERCURY. See
Bisulphuret of Mercury.
RED TARTAR. A peculiar substance,
consisting of potassa, which deposits dur-
ing the fermentation of red wine.
RED WINE. See Port Wine.
RED WINE VINEGAR. Vinegar pre-
perature of 572º in the process for prepar-pared from red wine. It may be deprived
ing charcoal by steam.
of its color and rendered limpid by being
RED CHROMATE OF POTASSA. See Bi- passed through animal charcoal.
chromate of Potassa.
RED CINCHONA. See Red Bark.
RED COHOSH. See Actœa Rubra.
REDDLE. See Red Chalk.
REDHEAD. See Asclepias Curassavica.
REDOUL. See Coriaria Myrtifolia.
RED COPAIBA. A name given to a sub-
REDUCED IRON. See Ferri Pulvis.
stance whose origin is unknown. It is
said not to possess a single character of the REDUCTION. An operation by which
genuine drug, being of a thick semi-fluid certain binary compounds of the metals
consistence, not unlike that of balsam of are brought to the metallic state by heat-
Tolu, a brown color though dark, and an ing them alone or with some substance
unpleasant yet aromatic odor.
capable of attracting the combined sub-
RED COPPER. A native oxide of cop-stance and setting the metal at liberty.
per, of various shades of red, sometimes
occurring in octahedral crystals, and also
granular and earthy.
RED CORAL. See Coral, Red.
RED ELM. See Ulmus Fulva.
RED FIRE. A compound which burns
with a red flame, consisting of nitrate of
strontia, chlorate of potassa, sulphur, and
antimony.
RED IODIDE OF MERCURY. See Bin-
iodide of Mercury.
RED LEAD. See Lead, Red.
RED OCHRE. See Ochres.
RED OIL. See Oleum Hyperici.
REFINE. To reduce to a fine, un-
mixed, or pure state; to separate from
extraneous matter; to purify; to defe-
cate; to clarify.
REFINED SUGAR. (Saccharum Pu-
rificatum, White Sugar.) The sugar of
Saccharum officinarum refined.
REFRIGERANTS. Medicines which,
when internally administered, diminish
animal temperature.
REFRIGERATOR. An apparatus used
in chemical processes for condensing vapor.
REGELATION. The act or process of
RED OXIDE OF IRON. See Carbonate of freezing anew. Two pieces of ice at 32°
Iron, Precipitated.
Fahr. with moist surfaces, when placed in
RED OXIDE OF LEAD. See Lead, Red contact, freeze together to a rigid mass.
Oxide.
This is called regelation.
REG
RES
333
REGIANIC ACID. An acid obtained
from the green rind of the common wal-
It forms with alkalies salts having
a magnificent purple color.
nut.
REGIMEN. A course of living for
the attainment of health; diet; the plan
of a systematic course of living; some-
times used synonymously with hygiene.
and has a bitter taste, which is very adhe-
sive. It is said to be diuretic and dia-
phoretic. It is also used for dyeing yel-
low.
RESIN. (Resina, Rosin.) A solid, in-
flammable substance, of vegetable origin;
a non-conductor of electricity, and insolu-
ble in water, but soluble in alcohol and
essential oils. It is the residue left after
the distillation of the volatile oil from the
turpentine of Pinus palustris, and other
REGULUS. The pure metal, which,
in the melting of ores, falls to the bottom
of the crucible.
REGULUS OF ANTIMONY. Metallic an- species of Pinus. It is called Colophony in
timony.
REJAGNOU. See Erythræa Acaulis
REMEDY. That which cures a dis-
ease; any medicine or application which
puts an end to disease and restores health.
REMITTENT. Having remissions
from time to time, as a disease; abating
periodically in severity, as a remittent
fever; distinguished from intermittent, in
which the disease leaves the patient en-
tirely for a time.
RENAL.
RENEALMIA
See Cardamom.
Pertaining to the kidneys.
CARDAMOMUM.
RENIFORM. Having the form of a
section of kidney; as, a reniform leaf.
RENNET. The inner membrane of
the fourth stomach of the calf. Also an
aqueous or vinous infusion of the dried
stomach of the calf, or of other animals,
used in various stomach complaints.
REPELLENT. A remedy which, ap-
plied to a tumefied part, causes the fluids
which render it tumid to recede.
REPERCOLATION. A modification
of the former process of percolation, which
consists in the use of the same portion of
percolating fluid with different portions
successively of the substance percolated,
so that the percolate becomes intensely
concentrated, and not only is much of the
menstruum saved, but much less evapora-
tion is necessary in obtaining the extracted
matter.
RESEDA LUTEOLA. (Dyer's Weed,
Weld.) An annual European plant, grow-
ing also in this country. It is inodorous,
Europe, and is an important ingredient of
ointments and plasters. Resins exude
from trees in combination with essential
oils, and in a liquid or semiliquid state.
They are composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and
oxygen, and are supposed to be formed
by the oxygenation of essential oils.
RESIN CERATE. See Ceratum Resinæ.
RESIN CERATE, COMPOUND. See Com-
pounds.
RESIN OF HEMP. Extract of hemp.
RESIN OF JALAP. See Jalap.
RESIN OF MAYAPPLE,
RESIN OF PODOPHYLLUM.
See Podophylli Resina.
RESIN OF SCAMMONY. See Scammonii
Resina.
RESIN OF THAPSIA. A resinous sub-
stance derived from the root of Thapsia
garganica.
RESIN OF TURPETH. See Turpethum.
RESIN OIL. An oleaginous product re-
sulting from the destructive distillation
of resin. It is used in currying leather,
lubricating machinery, preparing print-
er's ink, &c, &c.
RESIN PLASTER. See Emplastrum Ad-
hæsivum.
RESIN, WHITE. See White Resin.
RESIN, YELLOW. See Yellow Resin.
RESINA. See Resin.
RESINA NIGRA. See Pitch.
RESINÆ. (Resins.) A set of sub-
stances much employed by Eclectic physi-
cians, made by exhausting the substances
from which they are obtained by alcohol,
and then precipitating the resinous matter
from the tincture by the addition of water,
RES
RHE
334
which abstracts the alcohol by its stronger be the peculiar purgative one, but it is
affinity.
RESINE DE CHIBOU,
RESINE DE GOMART.}
See Bursera Gummifera.
RESINO-ELECTRIC. Containing or
exhibiting negative electricity, or that
kind of electricity which is produced by
the friction of resinous substances.
RESINS. See Resinæ.
RESOLVENT. Having power to re-
solve; causing solution. That which has
the power to disperse inflammation, and
prevent the suppuration of tumors; a dis-
cutient.
complex.
RHABARBARUM. An ancient name
for rhubarb.
RHAMNACEÆ. A family of plants
including the genera Frangula, Ceano-
thus, and Rhamnus.
RHAMNI SUCCUS. Buckthorn
juice.
RHAMNIN. See Cathartin.
RHAMNOXANTHIC ACID.
24
An
acid composed of CH12O12 frangulin, and
contained in the root and bark of Rham-
nus frangula.
RHAMNOXANTHIN.
A peculiar
RESORCIN. An unstable compound yellow volatile coloring principle, obtained
from the bark of Rhamnus frangula by
subjecting the alcoholic and ethereal ex-
tract to distillation.
of iodine.
RESTORATIVE. A medicine effica-
cious in restoring strength and vigor, or
in recruiting the vital powers.
RESUSCITATIVE. A medicine tend-
ing to revive; to bring on reaction.
RETICULATE. Having distinct veins
or lines crossing like network; as a reticu-
late petal.
RETINITE. A mineral resin.
RETINOID. Resin-like or resiniform;
resembling a resin without being such.
RETORT. A vessel in which sub-
stances are subjected to distillation or de-
composition by heat, made of different
forms and materials for different uses, as a
bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter
a receiver, for general chemical opera-
tions, or a cylinder or semi-cylinder of
cast iron for the manufacture of gas in
gas works.
RETUSE. Terminating in a round
end, the centre of which is somewhat in-
dented.
REUSSIN. A sulphate of soda and
magnesia, found in the form of a mealy
efflorescence, sometimes crystallized in flat,
six-sided prisms, and in acicular crystals.
RHABARBARIC ACID. A peculiar
acid obtained from rhubarb root, synony-
mous with chrysophanic acid.
RHABARBARIN. A principle ob-
tained from rhubarb root, once thought to
RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS.
Buckthorn.
See
RHAMNUS FRANGULA. See Cortex
Frangulæ.
RHAMNUS INFECTORIUS. A species of
Rhamnus, the dried fruit of which yields
a rich yellow color, for which it is em-
ployed in the arts under the name of
French Berries.
RHAMNUS ZIZYPHUS.
Vulgaris.
See Zizyphus
RHAPONTIC RHUBARB. See
French Rhubarb.
RHAPONTICIN. A proximate prin-
ciple of Rheum rhaponticum.
RHATANIA, RED. A peculiar, red
coloring principle, obtained by the action
of melted potassa on the tannin of rhatany.
RHATANIA-TANNIC ACID. See
Krameria-tannic Acid.
RHATANY. See Krameria.
RHEIC ACID. An acid composed of
CH16018, formed by boiling rheotannic
acid with dilute mineral acids.
40
RHEIN. A peculiar substance ob-
tained from rhubarb, once supposed to be
its active purgative principle, but has since
been found to be more or less complex.
RHENISH. Of, or pertaining to, the
river Rhine; as Rhenish wine.
RHE
RHI
335
RHEO-TANNIC ACID. The tannic
acid of rhubarb. It differs materially
from gallo-tannic acid, with which it was
formerly considered identical. It pos-
sesses a decided reaction, and is composed
of C52H25028
26
RHEUM. A genus of plants of many
species; the fleshy, acid stalks of some are
used in cookery, while the roots of other
species afford a valuable cathartic medi-
cine.
RHEUM. (Rhubarb.) The root of
Rheum palmatum, and of other species of
Rheum. It possesses the peculiar union
of a cathartic with an astringent power;
the latter not interfering with the former,
as the purgative effect precedes the astrin-
gent.
A species of
at one
} Rheum
RHEUM AUSTRALE,
RHEUM EMODI.
time conjectured to be the source of offic-
inal Asiatic rhubarb, but has been found
to have scarcely any resemblance to it.
The plant has been cultivated both in
Europe and this country, and its petioles
answer well for tarts.
RHEUM CASPICUM,
RHEUM CRASSINERVINUM,
RHEUM HYBRIDUM,
RHEUM LEUCORRHIZUM,
RHEUM MOORCRAFTIANUM,
RHEUM SPECIFORME,
RHEUM WEBBIANUM.
Species of Rheum which yield roots analo-
gous to the officinal species, though they
have not entered into general commerce.
The first is from the Altai Mountains,
the second from the Kirghese Desert, in
Tartary, the next three from the Hima-
laya Mountains, and the last two are cul-
tivated in Europe, but of unknown origin.
RHEUM COMPACTUM. A species of
cultivated in England and France for its
root. See Rheum.
A title once
RHEUM RHABARBARUM.
given to a plant, said to be of the species
affording the genuine rhubarb. It is now
called Rheum undulatum. It is a native
of Siberia, and probably Tartary and
China, and was cultivated by the Russian
Government as the true rhubarb plant;
but its culture has been abandoned. It
contributes to the rhubarb produced in
France.
RHEUM RHAPONTICUM.
Rhubarb.
See French
RHEUM RUSSICUM
RUSSICUM VEL TURCICUM.
See Bucharian Rhubarb.
RHEUM SINENSE VEL INDICUM. See
Chinese Rhubarb.
RHEUM UNDULATUM. See Rheum Rha-
barbarum.
RHEUMIN. A peculiar substance
identical with rheum.
RHIGOLIN, A name given to a
RHIGOLENE, S variety of petroleum
naphtha. It is obtained by distilling
petroleum, and separating the liquids of
the lowest point, by redistillation, until a
liquid is obtained which boils at about 70°.
Its chief use is as a substitute for ether,
in producing congelation, by means of an
atomizer, of any part of the body, prepar-
atory to a surgical operation, or a great
degree of cold for any other purpose.
RHINANTHUS ALECTOROLO-
PHUS. A plant, belonging to the natu-
ral order Scrophularineæ. Its seeds con-
tain a principle called Rhinanthin, hav-
ing the composition C58H52040°
tallizes in stellate prisms.
It crys-
Neuter, crys-
RHIZOCONIN,
RHIZOCONOLEIN. Í tallizable bod-
Rheum said to be a native of Tartary and ies, medicinally inert, obtained from the
China. It is one of the garden rhubarbs,
and has been cultivated for its root.
RHEUM PALMATUM. The officinal rhu-
barb plant. Its root is said to approach
more closely in odor, taste, and the dis-
position of its colors, than that of any
other known species, to the Asiatic rhu-
barb. It is said to inhabit China. It is
root of Conium maculatum.
RHIZOMA. A creeping stem or
branch, growing beneath the surface of
the soil, and partly covered by it. A
root-stock.
RHIZOMORPHA. A genus of fungi,
resembling the root of a tree, found in
damp cellars, on decayed wood, in mines,
RHI
RHU
336
and similar places. One species (Rhizo- or Papaver rhoeas. It is in small white
morpha subterranea), found in the coal prismatic crystals, tasteless, fusible at
mines of Dresden, is remarkable for its 450°, becoming brown at the same tem-
brilliant phosphorescence.
perature, and partially subliming. It is
dissolved by dilute acids, but is nearly in-
soluble in water.
RHIZOPHORA. A genus of tropical
plants, including the mangrove. They
root in the mud, and form a dense thicket
down to the verge of the water.
RHODANIC ACID. (Acidum Sulpho-
hydrocyanicum.) An acid found in the
seed of mustard and other cruciferæ, and
in the saliva of animals. It is uncertain
whether pre-existing, or the result of a
decomposition by reagents.
RHODEORETIN. A name given to
the harder portion of the resin of jalap.
It is insoluble in ether, and is said to
be identical with Jalapin. See Jalapic
Acid.
RHODEORETINIC ACID. An acid,
resulting from rhodeoretin by reaction
with the alkalies.
RHODEORETINOL. A peculiar sub-
stance produced by the action of acids on
rhodeoretin and rhodeoretinic acid, both
of which are glucosides.
RHEADIC ACID. An acid said to
constitute one of the coloring principles of
the flowers of the red poppy.
RHEADINA. An alkaloid discovered
in the red poppy. Its composition is
C42H21
| C42H21012N.
RHEADOS PETALA. (Red Poppy
Petals.) The fresh petals or colored
leaves of the flowers of the red poppy.
RHOMB. An oblique-angled equilat-
eral parallelogram, or a quadrilateral fig-
ure, whose sides are equal and the oppo-
site sides parallel, but the angles unequal,
two of the angles being obtuse and two
acute; as a rhombic crystal.
RHOMBOHEDRON. A solid con-
tained by six equal rhombic planes.
RHUBARB. See Rheum.
RHUBARB WINE. Wine made from
the Rheum rhaponticum, Rheum hy-
bridum, and Rheum compactum, or com-
mon garden rhubarbs. The plant is, when
mature, cut and submitted to pressure;
and the expressed juice, with an equal
bulk of water and seven pounds of sugar
for each gallon, is made to undergo the
vinous fermentation. It has a pleasant,
of sweetish taste, resembling imported sher-
ry. It is fit for use after three years.
RHODIUM. A metal discovered by
Wollaston, in 1803, among grains of crude
platinum. It is of a white color and me-
tallic lustre, is extremely hard and brittle,
and has a specific gravity of about 11. It
is chiefly used for forming the nibs
gold pens.
RHODODENDRON.
shrubs or small trees.
A genus
RHODODENDRON CRYSANTHUM,
RHODODENDRON, YELLOW-
FLOWERED.
of
A beautiful evergreen shrub, about a foot
high, with spreading branches. It is a
native of Siberia. The leaves are stimu-
lant, narcotic, and diaphoretic. In large
doses, emetic and purgative. They have
been used as a remedy in rheumatism.
RHODOTANNIC ACID. An acid,
C₁HO+HO, contained in the leaves of
Rhododendron ferrugineum.
14 6
RHEADIA, } An alkaloid, discov-
RHEADIN. ered in the red poppy
RHUS. A genus of plants, including
the various species of sumach.
RHUS CORIARIA. A species of Rhus
employed in connection with a strong de-
coction of Genista tinctoria as a preven-
tive of hydrophobia, by the peasants of
several provinces of Russia.
RHUS COTINUS. (Venice Sumach.) A
species of Rhus, the wood of which consti-
tutes the young or Hungarian fustic.
RHUS DIVERSILOBA, A species of
RHUS LOBATA. Rhus approach-
ing nearly the Rhus toxicodendron.
RHUS GLABRUM. See Sumach.
RHU
ROC
337
RAUS METOPIUM.
A species of Rhus,
at one time erroneously supposed to be the
source of the Hog-gum, or Gum-hogg.
RHUS PUMILUM. A Southern species
of Rhus, growing in Upper Carolina, and
not more than a foot high. It is said to
be the most poisonous of the genus.
See Poison-
RHUS RADICANS,
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. Š Oak.
RHUS SEMIALATA. A species of Rhus
to which is ascribed the source of Chinese
galls.
RHUS SUCCEDANUM. A species of
Rhus, from the berries of which a sub-
stance called Japan wax is obtained.
RHUS VENENATA, Į
RHUS VERNIX.
VENENATA,} See Swamp Su-
Smach.
RHUSIN. A principle represented by
the Eclectics to be the active principle
of Rhus glabrum.
RIB-GRASS. See Plantago Lancifolia.
RICE. See Oryza Sativa.
RICHARDSONIA BRAZILIENSIS.
See Amylaceous Ipecacuanha.
or officinal castor oil plant, native of the
East Indies, where it attains the height of
thirty or forty feet. It is now cultivated
in various parts of the world.
RIGA BALSAM. See Balsams.
RIGOLLOT'S MUSTARD PAPERS.
See Mustard Papers.
RINSE. To wash lightly.
RIPIDOLITE. A translucent mineral
of a green color, consisting chiefly of sili-
ca, alumina, magnesia, protoxide of iron,
and water.
RIVER-WATER. See Aqua Fluvialis.
ROBBIN. A certain kind of package,
in which pepper and other goods are some-
times exported from the East Indies.
ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA. See
Locust Tree.
ROBIN'S RYE. See Hair-Cap Moss.
ROBORANT. Strengthening; a med-
icine that strengthens.
ROCELLA TINCTORIA. See Ca-
nary Weed.
ROCHE ALUM. A sort of alum,
RICHARDSONIA SCABRA. See Amyla- which occurs in fragments about the size
ceous Ipecacuanha.
of an almond. It is of a pale rose-color,
RICHWEED. See Collinsonia Cana- which is given to it by bole or rose-pink.
It is so called from having come originally
densis.
RICINELAIDIC ACID. See Palmic from Rocca, in Syria.
Acid.
RICINELAIDIN. A fatty substance
obtained by the action of nitrous acid on
castor oil.
RICINIA,
RICININ.
A peculiar alkaloid dis-
covered in the seeds of
Ricinus communis. It crystallizes in rec-
tangular prisms and tables, and has a feebly
bitter taste, somewhat resembling that of
bitter almonds. It contains nitrogen.
RICINI OLEUM. See Castor Oil.
RICINOIDES ELEAGNIFOLIA.
See Clutia Cascarilla.
RICINOLEIC ACID. An acid result-
ing from the decomposition of saponified
castor oil, by an acid, composed of C3H36
Og Solid at 15°.
6.
38
RICINUS AFRICANUS. A species
of Ricinus growing in the south of France,
said to be distinct from the Ricinus com-
munis.
ROCHELLE SALT. See Potassæ et
Soda Tartras.
ROCKBRIDGE ALUM SPRING.
The solid contents of a wine gallon of this
water are:
1.765 grains of sulphate of potassa.
3.263 "
1.763 (C
lime.
magnesia.
4.863
17.905
((
protoxide of iron.
alumina.
crenate of ammonia.
0.700 (6
1.008 ((
2.840
15.224 (C
chloride of sodium.
((
silica.
free sulphuric acid.
ROCK OIL.
See Petroleum.
ROCK ROSE.
ROCK SALT.
See Cistus Canadensis.
The solid state in which
It is called
common salt exists in nature.
also fossil salt and sal gemmæ.
ROCOA. A colored pulpy substance
RICINUS COMMUNIS. The Palma Christi, within the legume and surrounding seeds
22
ROL
ROT
338
is called annotta.
of the Bixa orellana. In its pure state it | plants, of which the genera Cerasus, Spi-
ræa, Horkelia, Chamoebatea, Potentilla,
ROLL SULPHUR. See Cane Brim- Rubus, Amelanchier, Photina, and Rosa
are members.
stone.
ROMAN ALUM. The purest variety
of alum found in commerce. It occurs in
fragments covered with a reddish-brown
powder resembling ochre, which is put on
by the manufacturers.
ROMAN CHAMOMILE.
Nobilis.
See Anthemis
ROMAN OCHRE. A brownish-yellow
ochre, changing by heat to a purple-red.
See Ochres.
ROMAN VITRIOL. See Cupri Sulphas.
ROOSA OIL. A volatile oil extracted
from the Andropogon Schoenanthus; called
also roosa-grass oil. It has an odor like
that of roses, and is employed to adulter-
ate attar of roses.
ROOT. The usually descending axis
of a plant, destitute of leaves or nodes,
which increases in length by growth at or
near its end only, and which usually gives
off similar branching parts, called root-
lets. In common usage all the parts of a
plant which grow under ground.
ROSE OLEUM. See Attar of Roses.
ROSE CENTIFOLIE PETALA. The fresh
petals, fully expanded, of Rosa centifolia.
ROSE GERANIUM. See Pelargonium
Odoratissimum.
ROSE LAKE. A rich tint prepared from
lac and madder precipitated on an earthen
basis; called also rose-madder.
ROSE PINK. A pigment of a rose-color,
made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a
decoction of Brazil-wood and alum.
ROSE, RED. See Rosa Gallica.
ROSE-SCENTED JALAP.
Jalap.) A false jalap.
ROSE-WATER. See Aqua Rosæ.
ROSE-WATER, ARTIFICIAL.
ficial Rose- Water.
(Overgrown
See Arti-
ROSEMARY. (Rosmarinus.) The
tops of Rosmarinus officinalis, an ever-
green shrub, three or four feet high, grow-
ing spontaneously in the countries which
border on the Mediterranean, and is cul-
tivated in the gardens of Europe and this
ROSA CANINA. See Dog Rose. country. The flowering summits have a
ROSA CENTIFOLIA. A species of Rose, strong, balsamic odor, and a bitter, cam-
having prickly stems, usually from three phorous taste. They are gently stimu-
to six feet high. It is cultivated in gar-lant, and have been considered emmena-
dens all over the world. Its flowers are
slightly laxative, but their chief use is in
the preparation of rose-water.
ROSA DAMASCENA. A species of Rose,
of Northern India, from which, together
with Rosa moschata, of Persia, and Rosa
centifolia (provincialis), of the north of
European Turkey, the oil or otto of roses
is obtained.
ROSA GALLICA. (Red Rose.) A species
of Rose smaller than Rosa centifolia, but
resembles it in the character of its foliage.
It is a native of the south of Europe, and
is cultivated in gardens throughout the
United States. The odor of its flowers
is less fragrant than that of Rosa centi-
folia, but is improved by drying.
are slightly astringent and tonic.
They
ROSA MOSCHATA. See Rosa Damascena.
ROSACEÆ, OR ROSÆ. A family of
gogue.
ROSIN. See Resin.
ROSMARINUS,
}
ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS.
See Rosemary.
ROSMARINUS SYLVESTRIS. See Ledum
Palustre.
ROSOLIC ACID. An acid obtained
by the oxidation of carbolic acid.
ROSTEL. The part of a seed which
descends into the earth and becomes a
root.
ROTTENSTONE. (Terra Cariosa.)
An earthy mineral, occurring in light,
dull, friable masses, dry to the touch, of a
very fine grain, and of an ash-brown
color. It is obtained from Derbyshire in
England, and is used for polishing metals.
ROTTLERA. See Kamala.
+
ROT
RUM
339
ROTTLERA SCHIMPERI. See Cortex which the genera Rubia, Cinchona, Gali-
Musence.
ROTTLERA TINCTORIA. See Kamala.
ROTTLERIC ACID. See Rottlerin.
ROTTLERIN. A peculiar resinous
coloring substance in the form of minute
crystalline plates, of a yellow color and
satin-like lustre, insoluble in water, but
soluble in ether. It is obtained from
Kameela; composed of C₂H1006, and
called also Rottleric Acid.
ROUCOU. See Annotta.
22
ROUGE. A cosmetic powder prepared
by mixing carthamine with finely pow-
dered talc.
ROUGH PARSNEP. See Opoponax.
ROUND CARDAMOM. See Amo-
mum Racemosum.
um, and Cephalanthus belong.
RUBICHLORIC ACID. A peculiar
acid discovered in the Galium aparine or
Cleavers; composed of C₁₁¤¸О9.
RUBIDIUM. An alkaline metal first
found in mineral waters.
14 8
RUBIGO FERRI. (Rust of Iron, Iron
Rust.) A preparation formed by expos-
ing moistened iron wire to the air till
converted into rust. It is essentially the
sesquioxide, containing a little carbonate
of the protoxide.
RUBUS. A genus of plants including
the blackberry, raspberry, &c., &c.
RUBUS CANADENSIS, (Dewberry,
RUBUS TRIVIALIS.} Low Blackberry,
Creeping Blackberry.) A well-known
ROUND-LEAVED DOG WOOD. See plant, growing abundantly in old fields
Cornus Circinata.
A
ROUSSEAU'S LAUDANUM.
tincture of opium made with very weak
alcohol, and prepared according to the
following formula. Take of white honey,
twelve ounces; warm water, three pounds;
having dissolved the honey, set the solu-
tion aside in a warm place, and as soon
as fermentation begins, add of selected
opium, four ounces, previously dissolved
in twelve ounces of water. Allow the
mixture to stand for a month at the tem-
perature of 86° Fahrenheit, then strain,
filter and evaporate to ten ounces; finally
strain, and add four ounces and a half of
alcohol. Seven drops contain about a
grain of opium.
RUBEFACIENTS. Remedies which
produce redness and inflammation of the
skin.
RUBERYTHRIC ACID. An acid
and neglected grounds in the Northern
and Middle States. Its root is tonic and
strongly astringent, and has long been used
as a domestic remedy in bowel affections.
A
RUBUS VILLOSUS. (Blackberry.)
species of Rubus, perhaps the most abun-
dant of those indigenous in the United
States. Its roots possess virtues which
are common to the genus and depend upon
tannin, an abundant constituent.
RUE. (Ruta.) The leaves of Ruta
graveolens, a perennial plant, two or three
feet high, native of the south of Europe,
but cultivated in our gardens. They are
stimulant and antispasmodic.
RUFICINCHONIC ACID. An acid
obtained by the oxidation of cinchotannic
acid.
RUFIKINOVIC ACID. An acid ob-
tained by the oxidation of kinovotannic
acid.
RUFIMORIC ACID. An acid com-
contained in madder; composed of C2 posed of CH¸¸+HO, and probably
H400
·4040°
RUBIA,
See Mad-
RUBIA TINCTORIUM.}der.
RUBIA MUNJISTA. A plant, the root
of which, known in commerce as Mun-
jeet, affords cooling principles similar,
though not identical, with those of ordi-
nary madder.
16
8
identical with carmic acid.
RUFOCATECHUIC ACID. (Rubinic
Acid.) An acid contained in the oxidized
alkaline solution of catechuic acid.
RUFUS'S PILLS. See Pills of Aloes
and Myrrh.
RUM. A spirit distilled from cane
juice, or from the scummings of the juice
RUBIACEÆ. An order of plants to from the boiling-house, or from the treacle
RUM
SAB
340
or molasses which drains from sugar, or
from the lees of former distillations, or
from molasses only.
RUMEX. (Yellow Dock.) The root
of Rumex crispus, a species of dock, na-
tive of Europe, but which has become
naturalized in this country. Dock root,
from whatever species derived, has an as-
tringent, bitter taste, with little or no
smell. It is also tonic and supposed to
possess an alterative property. This spe-
cies, together with Rumex obtusifolius
and Rumex alpinus, unite a laxative with
the tonic and astringent property.
RUSSET. Of a reddish color; of the
color composed of blue, red, and yellow,
in equal strength, but unequal propor-
tions, namely, of two parts of red to one
each of blue and yellow.
RUST. A composition of iron-filings
and sal ammoniac mixed with water, used
to fill up joints in iron work.
RUST OF IRON. See Rubigo Ferri.
RUTA,
RUTA GRAVEOLENS.} See Rue.
RUTA-BAGA. The Swedish turnip or
Brassica campestris.
RUTACEÆ. A family of plants in-
(English Sor- cluding the genus Ptelea.
RUMEX ACETOSA,
RUMEX ACETOSELLA, rel, Common
RUMEX SCUTATUS. Sorrel.) The
common sorrels of our fields, though sup.
posed to have been originally introduced
from Europe. These species have sour
leaves, and are distinguished by the com-
mon name of sorrel from the others, which
are called dock.
RUMEX ACUTUS,
RUMEX AQUATICUS,
RUMEX SANGUINEUS.
Species of Ru-
mex, belonging
both to Europe
RUTHENIUM. A metal extracted
from the ore of platinum. It is of a gray
color, very hard and brittle. Its specific
gravity is 8.6.
RUTIC ACID,
RUTIN,
}
J
A crystallizable
coloring principle
RUTINIC ACID. J discovered in the
leaves of the common rue; also in the
leaves of the Polygonum fagopyrum or
common buckwheat.
common buckwheat. See Capric Acid.
RUTULIN. A compound produced
and this country, which may be employed by the action of concentrated sulphuric
indiscriminately with the officinal species,
Rumex crispus.
RUMEX ALPINUS,
European spe-
of Dock,
RUMEX PATENTIA. cies
}
which may be used indiscriminately with
Rumex crispus. The former species is in
Europe sometimes called Mountain Rhu-
barb.
RUMEX AQUATICUS,
RUMEX HYDROLAPATHUM.
}
See Herba Britannica.
RUMEX BRITANNICA, Species of
RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS. Rumex for-
merly officinal, but were dismissed at the
late revision of the United States Phar-
macopoeia, and the Rumex crispus adopted
in their stead.
RUMEX CRISPUS. See Rumex.
RUMICIN. A peculiar principle ob-
tained from the root of Rumex obtusifo-
lius. It is said to be identical with chry-
sophanic acid.
RUSOT,
RUSWUT.
} See Lycium.
acid on salicin.
RUTYL HYDRIDE. See Hydrides.
RYE. See Secale Cereale.
S.
SABA. A species of bean.
SABADILLA. See Cevadilla.
SABADILLIA, A white, crystal-
SABADILLIN.}lizable, insupporta-
bly acrid principle, fusible by heat, readily
soluble in hot water, which deposits it on
cooling, very soluble in alcohol, and
wholly insoluble in ether. It is capable
of saturating the acids. It is obtained
from the seeds of Veratrum sabadilla,
and is thought to be a compound of resin-
ate of soda and resinate of veratria. It
does not irritate the nostrils like veratria.
SABADILLIC ACID. See Sevadic
Acid.
SABBATIA,
SABBATIA' ANGULARIS.}
See American Centaury.
SABINA. See Juniperus Sabina.
SAB
SAG
341
SABINE CACUMINA.
tops.
SACCHARATE.
Savine action of weak sulphuric acid on cane
sugar.
A salt formed by
the union of saccharic acid with a base.
SACCHARATE OF LEAD. See Lead, Sac-
charate.
SACHET. (Sasha.) A scent-bag or
perfume-cushion.
SACK. Sherry wine is supposed to be
the sack mentioned by Shakspeare, so
SACCHARATE OF LIME. See Lime, Sac-called from the word sec (dry).
charate.
SACCHARATED SOLUTION OF
LIME. See Liquor Calcis Saccharatus.
SACCHARI FÆX. See Treacle.
SACCHARIC ACID. See Oxalhydric
Acid.
SACCHARIFY.
sugar.
To convert into
SACCHARIMETRY. The process of
determining the amount or proportion of
sugar in a saccharine solution.
SACCHARINE. Pertaining to sugar;
having the qualities of sugar; as a sac-
charine taste.
SACRED BARK. An Oriental aro-
matic bark, referred by several to a Lau-
rinea.
SACRED ELIXIR. See Tinctura Rhei et
Aloes.
SADRA-BEIDA GUM. See Brittle
Gum.
SAFETY-LAMP. A lamp surrounded
with a cylinder of wire gauze, to give
light in mines, without the danger of set-
ting fire to inflammable gases; invented
by Sir Humphry Davy.
SAFETY-TUBE. A tube of various forms,
SACCHARINE CARBONATE OF IRON. See used in chemical operations to prevent the
Carbonate of Iron, Saccharine.
SACCHARINE CARBONATE OF IRON AND
MANGANESE. See Carbonate of Iron and
Manganese.
SACCHARINE FERMENTATION. A term
applied to the spontaneous change by
which starch is converted into sugar.
SACCHARINE IODIDE OF IRON. A name
applied to the syrup of iodide of iron, con-
centrated and evaporated to dryness.
SACCHARUM. (Sugar, White Sugar.)
The sugar of Saccharum officinarum, re-
fined.
SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM. The sugar
cane, an herbaceous plant having a gen-
eral resemblance to Indian corn.
bursting of vessels from the sudden disen-
gagement of gases; to prevent also the
accession of the air, or the mingling of
fluids in different vessels connected to-
gether.
SAFFLOWER. See Carthamus.
SAFFRON. See Crocus Sativus.
SAFFRON OF ANTIMONY.
mony Crocus.
See Anti-
SAFFRON OF MARS, APERITIVE.
Carbonate of Iron, Precipitated.
See
SAGAPENUM. The concrete juice
of an unknown plant growing in Persia,
supposed to be a Ferula, but without suf-
ficient evidence. Sagapenum is a mod-
erate stimulant, resembling asafoetida,
but much inferior, and usually considered
as intermediate between that gum-resin
and galbanum. It has been given as an
emmenagogue and antispasmodic, but is
SACCHARUM LACTIS. (Sugar of Milk,
Lactin, Lactose.) A crystalline, hard,
somewhat gritty, white substance, of a
slightly sweet taste, obtained from the
whey of milk by evaporation.
SACCHARUM SATURNI. See Acetate of now seldom used.
Lead.
SACCHULMIC ACID. An acid analo-
gous to ulmic acid, produced by the pro-
longed action of weak sulphuric acid upon
cane sugar.
SACCHULMIN. A substance analo-
gous to ulmin, produced by the prolonged
SAGE. (Salvia.) The leaves of Salvia
officinalis or common garden sage, a peren-
nial plant, about two feet high. It grows
spontaneously in the south of Europe, and
is cultivated abundantly in our gardens.
Sage unites a slight degree of tonic power
and astringency with aromatic properties.
SAG
SAL
342
SAGITTARIA. A genus of aquatic in the vats, so as to be constantly immersed
plants.
SAGITTATE. Shaped like an arrow-
head; as a sagittate leaf.
SAGO. The prepared fecula of the
pith of Sagus Rumphii, and of other species
of Sagus. It is used exclusively as an ar-
ticle of diet.
SAGO MEAL. A fine amylaceous pow-
der, of a whitish color, with a yellowish
or reddish tint, and of a faint but some-
what musty odor. It is imported into
England from the East Indies, but does
not appear in the markets of this country.
SAGO PALM,
A tree, native
of the East In-
dia Islands. It is the smallest of its family.
Trees in-
habiting
SAGUS RUMPHII} of
the islands
SAGUERUS RUMPHII,
SAGUS LÆVIS,
SAGUS RUFFIA.
and coasts of the Indian Ocean, belong-
ing to the family of Palms, and contain-
ing a farinaceous pith, which is applied to
the purposes of nutriment by the natives.
SAINT IGNATIUS'S BEAN. The
seeds of a plant of the genus Ignatia (Ig-
natia amara), used in India as a remedy
for cholera.
in an atmosphere of carbonic acid
SAL ALEMBROTH. (Salt of Wisdom.)
Names formerly given to a double salt,
consisting of the chlorides of ammonia and
mercury.
SAL AMMONIAC. See Ammonia Hydro-
chlorate.
SAL DE DUOBUS. See Potassa Sulphas.
SAL DIURETICUS. Acetate of potassa.
SAL ENIXUM. A name given to the
sulphate of potassa left after the prepara-
tion of nitric acid from nitrate of potassa.
SAL GEMME. See Fossil Salt.
SAL POLYCHREST. See Potassæ Sulphas
cum Sulphure.
SAL PRUNELLE. Fused nitrate of po-
tassa cast into moulds or formed into little
circular cakes. It is also called Crystal
Mineral.
SAL ROCHELLE. See Potassæ et Sodo
Tartras.
SAL SEIGNETTE. Rochelle salt.
SAL SODA. See Carbonate of Soda.
SAL VOLATILE. Volatile salt.
SALABREDA GUM. See Brittle Gum.
SALEP. The prepared bulbs of Orchis
mascula, and other species of the same
SAINT JOHN'S WORT. See Hypericum genus. It is highly nutritive, and may
Perforatum.
SAL. Salt.
SAL ABSINTHII. (Salt of Wormwood.)
An impure carbonate of potassa, formerly
obtained by lixiviating the ashes of the
wormwood plant.
SAL AERATUS A powdered salt, made
principally in England. It is between a
carbonate and bicarbonate of potassa. It
is prepared by brewers and distillers with
great facility by suspending the alkaline
solution in the fermenting tun. It is thus
surrounded by an atmosphere of carbonic
acid, and, by absorbing it, crystallizes into
bicarbonate to a greater or less degree as
desired.
be employed for the same purposes as
tapioca, sago, &c., &c.
SALICACEE. A family of plants to
which the genus Salix and the genus
Populus belong.
SALICIN. A crystalline principle ob-
tained from willow bark, possessing its
medical virtues. It ranks with the gluco-
sides.
SALICON. Carbolic acid.
SALICORNIA. A genus of plants,
several species of which afford barilla.
SALICYL. A peculiar compound radi-
cal, consisting of fourteen equivalents of
carbon, five of hydrogen, and four of oxy-
gen, which, with hydrogen, is supposed to
SAL AERATUS, SODA. This is a bicarb-constitute salicylous acid.
onate of soda, prepared in breweries in the
same manner as bicarbonate of potassa or
sal aëratus, by placing the carbonate in
suitable vessels over the fermenting beer
SALICYLIC ACID. An acid com-
posed of C₁₁H₂O4+0+HO.
14 5
SALICYLOUS ACID. (Spirous Acid.)
A volatile oleaginous liquid, possessing
SAL
SAL
343
acid properties, resulting from the distil-
lation of salicin with bichromate of potassa
and sulphuric acid. Composed of HO,C₁
H₂O3.
SALIFIABLE. Capable of combining
with an acid to form a salt, as metallic
oxides are salifiable bases.
SALIFY. To form into a salt as a base.
SALIGENIN. A colorless crystalliz-
able substance, fusible and volatilizable,
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and
if heated above 212° giving off aque-
ous vapor and salicylous acid. It is ob-
tained by boiling salicin or populin with
dilute muriatic and sulphuric acids.
SAL'INE. A dry, saline, reddish sub-
stance, obtained from the ashes of potato
leaves.
SA/LINE, Consisting of salt or con-
Consisting of salt or con-
SALINE'. Í taining salt.
SALINE.}taining
indicating the strength of brine or salt
water.
SALIRETIN. A white, tasteless, in-
soluble, resinous substance, obtained by
boiling salicin with dilute muriatic and
sulphuric acids.
SALIVATION. A continued unnat-
ural flow of saliva.
SALIX. (Willow.) An extensive
genus, comprising not less than one hun-
dred and thirty different species, which,
with a few exceptions, are natives of Eu-
rope, and of the northern and temperate
parts of North America. The degree of
bitterness in the bark is probably the best
criterion of the value of the different
species.
SALIX ALBA. The common European
or white willow.
or white willow. It is twenty-five or
thirty feet in height, with numerous round
SALINE MIXTURE. See Citrate of Po- spreading branches, the younger of which
tassa Mixture.
SALINE WATERS. Those waters the
predominant properties of which depend
upon saline impregnation. The salts most
usually are sulphates and carbonates of
soda, lime, and magnesia, and the chlor-
ides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium.
Potassa is occasionally present, and lithia
has been detected by Berzelius in the
spring of Carlsbad and other salt springs
of Germany. Cæsia and rubidia have also
been detected in certain mineral waters
Bromine is found in the saline springs at
Theodorshalle, in Germany, as also in the
salt-wells of Western Pennsylvania. The
mineral springs at Saratoga contain a small
proportion of iodine and bromine. The
principal saline waters are those of Seidlitz,
in Bohemia, Cheltenham and Bath, in
England, and Harrodsburg and Saratoga,
in the United States. To these may be
added the water of the ocean. The solid
contents of a wine pint of the saline waters
of Seidlitz in Bohemia are: carbonate of
magnesia, 2.5 grains; carbonate of lime,
0.8; sulphate of magnesia, 180; sulphate of
lime, 5; chloride of magnesium, 4.5.
SALINIFEROUS. Producing salt.
SALINOMETER. An instrument for
are silky. The bark is tonic and astrin-
gent, and has been employed as a substi-
tute for Peruvian bark, particularly in in-
termittent fever.
SALIX BABYLONICA. (Weeping Willow.)
A favorite ornamental tree.
SALIX HELIX. A species of willow,
from a pound of the bark and young twigs
of which was obtained two hundred and
fifty-one grains of salicin.
SALIX NIGRA.
The
(Black Willow.)
root of this species is said to be strongly
bitter, and to be used in this country for
the prevention and cure of intermittents.
A European
SALIX PENTANDRA.
species of Salix, from a pound of the bark
and young twigs of which was obtained
This
three hundred grains of salicin.
species is preferred as being the strongest.
SALIX PURPUREA. A European species,
said also to be the most bitter.
SALIX RUSSELLIANA. A European
species of willow, said to be the most
valuable.
SALOGEN. A substance which forms
a haloid salt with a metal; the electro-
negative element of a haloid salt; halogen.
SALONIK OPIUM. An opium fre-
quently sold for Gévé opium, which it re-
SAL
SAL
344
sembles very closely in every respect. It ber of equivalents of the acid is greater
is a type of Anatolia opium.
than that of the base.
SALSEPARINE. See Sarsaparillin.
SAL-SODA.
soda.
Impure carbonate of
SALT. The chloride of sodium, found
native in the earth, or produced by evap-
oration and crystallization, from water
impregnated with saline particles.
A combination of an acid with a base,
forming a compound which has proper-
ties differing from those of either constit-
uent.
Salts are often classed, according to
their form or constitution, in groups,
which receive specific names from their
composition; as Oxysalts are salts formed
by the union of an acid containing oxygen
and a salifiable base.
Sulpho-salts or Sulphur salts, tellurium
salts, &c., are salts in which a sulphur
acid is combined with a sulphur base, a
tellurium acid with a tellurium base, or
an acid of one of the allied substances, as
selenium, &c., with a base of the same
substance, in a manner analogous to the
combination of an oxygen acid with an
oxide or a salifiable base.
Salts are also classed from the manner
in which their elements are combined, as
Proto-salts and Bi-salts are oxysalts in
which there are respectively one and two
equivalents of the acid to one of the base,
or Haloid salts, in which there are re-
spectively one and two equivalents of the
electro-negative constituent to one of the
electro-positive constituent.
Per-Salt. An oxysalt, having a per-
oxide as the base, or a haloid salt, in which
the greatest number of equivalents of the
electro-negative constituent possible are
combined with the electro-positive con-
stituents.
Sesqui-Salt. An oxysalt, having a ses-
quioxide as a base, or three equivalents of
acid to two of the base, or a haloid salt in
which the equivalents of the electro-neg-
ative and electro-positive constituents are
in the proportion of three of the former
to two of the latter.
Super-Salt. A salt in which the num-
Acid Salt. A salt which has an acid
reaction with test-paper.
Binary Theory of Salts. A theory, ac-
cording to which all salts are regarded as
composed of two portions, and analogous
in their constitution to common salt or
chloride of sodium, that is, as compounded
of a metallic element, or some compound
performing the function of a metallic ele-
ment, as ammonium, and a non-metallic
element, as chlorine, iodine, bromine, &c.,
or some compound performing the func-
tion of such an element, and called the
Salt-radical.
Decrepitating Salt. A salt which
bursts into small fragments, with a crack-
ing noise when heated.
Double Salt. A salt formed by the
combination of two salts.
Essential Salt. A salt procured from
the juices of plants by crystallization.
Fusible Salt. Microcosmic salt.
Haloid Salt. A binary compound form-
ed by the union of chlorine, bromine,
iodine, or some allied substance, with a
metal, and analogous to common salt,
which contains chlorine and sodium.
Monobasic, Bibasic, and Tribasic Salts,
are salts in which one equivalent of the
acid is united to one, two, or three equiv-
alents of the base respectively.
Neutral Salts, are salts in which the
acid and basic affinities of their compo-
nents are most completely satisfied.
}
Permanent Salts, are those which un-
dergo no change upon exposure to air.
SALT, COMMON. See Chloride of Sodium.
SALT OF LEMONS, See Binoxalate of
SALT OF SOrrel. Potassa.
SALT OF TARTAR. A name frequently
applied to the purer forms of carbonate of
potassa, from their having been obtained
from cream of tartar, or tartar, as it has
been called in its impure state, by defla-
grating two parts of it with one of nitrate
of potassa.
SALT OF WORMWOOD. See Sal Absin-
thii.
SALTPETRE. See Nitrate of Potassa.
SAL
SAN
345
SALT-RADICAL. A substance, simple
or compound, capable of forming a salt
with a metal, or with some compound
body, as ammonium, which may take the
place of a metal. So called in reference
to the binary theory of salts.
SALVE. An ointment or adhesive
composition or substance, to be applied to
wounds or sores.
SALVIA,
SALVIA OFFICINALIS.
See
Sage.
SALVIA HISPANICA. A plant known
vulgarly as Chia in Mexico. It yields a
seed which possesses emollient properties
similar to quince-seed, and an oil possess
ing properties similar to linseed oil.
SALVIA PRATENSIS,
}
Species of Salvia
ranked among of
ficinal plants in Europe. The latter, com-
monly called Clarry, has been introduced
into our gardens.
SAMARA. A dry compound-winged
fruit, indehiscent, and having few seeds,
as in the ash, maple, and elm.
SAMAROID. Resembling a samara.
SAMBUCI FLORES. Elder flowers.
SAMBUCUS,
SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS.
See Elder.
SAMBUCUS NIGRA. The common elder
of Europe. It differs from the American
species most obviously in its size, which
approaches to that of a small tree.
SAMIAN. Pertaining or belonging
to the island of Samos.
SANDAL-WOOD.
(Saunders, Santa-
lum Album et Citrinum.) There are three
kinds of wood known by the name of
Santalum or Saunders.
1st. Santalum Rubrum, or Red Saun-
ders, from Pterocarpus Santalinus.
2d. Santalum Album, or White Saun-
ders, from Santalum Album, growing in
the East Indies, the South Pacific Islands,
and South America; and,
3d. Santalum Citrinum, or Yellow
Saunders, formerly supposed to be the
inner wood of the tree of which the outer
constituted White Saunders, but now
stated to be from the species Santalum
Freycinetianum, growing in the Sandwich
Islands. It is this species which supplies
the sandal-wood, so highly valued by the
Chinese. The white is used by the East
India physicians in remittent fevers, gon-
orrhoea, and other complaints. The Chi-
nese employ the Yellow Saunders chiefly
as a perfume. A volatile oil is obtained
by distillation from a variety of yellow
sandal-wood, the product of Santalum
myrtifolium, growing in Continental In-
dia, which it is said is a specific in gon-
orrhoea.
SANDARACA, A resinous substance
SANDARACH. obtained from Thuya
articulata, an evergreen tree, growing in
the North of Africa It is of a pale yellow
color, sometimes inclining to brown, more
or less transparent, dry and brittle, and of
a resinous, slightly acrid taste. It melts
with heat, diffusing a strong balsamic
odor and easily inflames. It is almost en-
tirely soluble in ordinary alcohol, and en-
tirely so in that liquid when anhydrous.
SAMOVEY ISINGLASS. An Eng-
lish name for an inferior product of Rus-
sian isinglass, said to be procured from
the fish called Silurus glanis.
SAMPFEN WOOD. See Casalpina It is used chiefly as a varnish and as in-
Sappan.
cense, and its powder is rubbed upon
SAMPLE. A part of anything pre-paper to prevent ink from spreading after
sented for inspection.
SAMSHOO, A spirituous liquor dis-
SAMSHU. tilled from the yeasty
liquor in which boiled rice has fermented
many days.
letters have been scratched out.
SANDARACIN. A resinous substance
which remains after sandarach has been
exposed to the action of ordinary alcohol.
SAND-BALL. Soap mixed with sand,
SAMSON'S SNAKEROOT. See Con- made into a ball.
go Root.
SAND-BATH. An iron pot or a shallow
SANATIVE. Having the power to vessel of sheet iron, capable of holding
cure or heal.
sand to the depth of four or six inches. It
SAN
SAN
346
serves to regulate the action of the heat
on vessels which do not bear a rapid
change of temperature. It is most fre-
quently used for the evaporation of saline
solutions and vegetable juices.
SANDIX. See Orange Mineral.
SANGAREE. Wine and water sweet-
ened and spiced.
SANGUINARIA,
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.}
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
See Bloodroot
SANGUINARINA. A peculiar alka-
line principle, upon which the acrimony,
and perhaps the medical virtues, of blood-
root depend. It is said to be identical
with chelerythrin.
SANGUINARINIC ACID. An or-
ganic acid extracted from bloodroot, agree-
ing with chelidonic acid in some of its
characteristics. It is a non-volatile liquid.
SANGUIS DRACONIS. See Dragon's
Blood.
SANGUISUGA INTERRUPTA. A
variety of the leech, called in commerce.
African leeches. They are of a beautiful
light-green color, varying to a deep
green.
SANTALIC ACID. See Santalin.
SANTALIN. The coloring principle
of red saunders. It is of a resinous char-
acter, scarcely soluble in cold water, more
so in boiling water; very soluble in alco-
hol, ether, acetic acid, and alkaline solu-
tions, but slightly in the fixed and volatile
oils. It is considered by some an acid,
and is composed С30H14º10-
SANTALUM. See Pterocarpi Lig-
num.
SANTALUM ALBUM,
SANTALUM CITRINUM,
SANTALUM FREYCINETIANUM,
SANTALUM MYRTIFOLIUM,
SANTALUM RUBRUM.
See Sandal- Wood.
SANTONIATE OF LITHIA. A
compound obtained by adding carbonate
of lithia to a solution of santonin in alco-
hol of 26° (Gay-Lussac), filtering and
evaporating to crystallization. It forms
prismatic needles.
SANTONIC ACID. See Santonin.
SANTONICA. (Aleppo Wormseed,
Levant Wormseed, Alexandria Wormseed.)
The unexpanded flowers and peduncles of
Sanguisuga MEDICINALIS. The gray Artemisia contra and of other species of
leech.
The green
SANGUISUGA OFFICINALIS. The
leech. See Hirudo Medicinalis.
SANGUISUGA TROCTENA. A variety of
the leech from Algiers, called in French
commerce Dragons. They are said to be
quite equal to the European.
SANICLE,
SANICULA MARILANDICA.}
An indigenous, umbelliferous, perennial,
herbaceous plant, two or three feet in
height, growing in woods and thickets, in
almost all parts of this country. The root
is known in some parts of this country as
Black Snakeroot, and is said to be highly
effectual in chorea.
SANITARY. Conducive to health;
healing; curing.
SANS SOUCI SPRING, BALSTON.
See Balston Spa Water.
SANTALACEÆ. A family of plants
to which the genera Sirium and Santalum
belong.
Artemisia (Artemisia cina). They are
called Semen Contra, a title which origi-
nated in their anthelmintic property,
Semen cynæ, Santonica semen, and Euro-
pean wormseed, though they consist not
of the seeds, but of the small globular un-
expanded flowers of the plant, mixed with
their broken peduncles, and with minute
obtuse smooth leaves. Another kind, call-
ed Barbary wormseed, is thought by some
to be derived from Artemisia Judaica, by
others from Artemisia glomerata, both of
which grow in Palestine and Arabia.
Both have long been celebrated as a vermi-
fuge, which property is dependent upon
their peculiar principle, called Santonin.
SANTONICA SEMEN. See Santonica.
SANTONIN,
The principle
SANTONINUM. } upon which the
vermifuge properties of wormseed depend.
It is in colorless crystals, which have the
form of flat rhombic prisms. It is in-
odorous, and at first nearly tasteless, but
SAN
SAP
347
after a time produces a sense of bitterness. | and evaporating to the pilular consistence.
It appears to be analogous to the stearop- One scruple may be taken daily in divided
tenes or concrete principles of the volatile | doses.
oils. By some it is considered an acid;
and called santonic acid. Its formula is
is C30H1806-
SANTONIRETIN. A name given to
a substance resulting from the influence
of sulphuric acid and heat upon santonin,
in consequence of which the latter was
supposed to be a glucoside. But not a
particle of glucose can be detected; though
when long boiled with sulphuric acid, san-
tonin is somewhat changed and assumes a
resinous appearance, yet the only result
is the abstraction of water, and the san-
tonin may be recovered unchanged.
SAP-GREEN. A color used by paint-
ers, produced by the evaporation to dry-
ness with the addition of lime or an alkali
of buckthorn juice.
SAPINDACEÆ. A family of plants
including the genera Paullinia and Escu-
lus.
SAPO. (Soap.) A compound of one
or more of the acids obtained from fatty
bodies, with alkalies or oxides. Soaps are
commonly either margarates or oleates of
potassa or soda, made by boiling some
common oil with the lye of wood ashes,
and are used in washing or cleansing, also
in medicine as a cathartic.
Castile Soap is a hard, mottled kind of
soap, made from olive oil and soda. The
mottled appearance is given by adding
green vitriol and sulphuretted lye to it
while in a pasty condition.
SAPO JALAPINUS. Resin of jalap, two
parts; medicated soap, two parts; alco-
hol, four parts. Mix. Soften the resin
and soap over a water-bath, and evaporate
till the mass weighs four and a half parts.
SAPO MOLLIS. (Soft Sonp.) This soap
contains the glycerin of the fatty matters,
which is always separated from hard soap.
That made in France has a greenish color,
and the consistence of soft ointment, is
composed of hemp-seed oil and potash,
and is called Savon vert. Sometimes it is
manufactured from the dregs of olive oil
or common soap grease. See Sapo.
SAPO VULGARIS. (Common Soap, Ani-
mal Oil Soda Soap.) A hard soap of a
white color, inclining to yellow. It is
made from tallow and caustic soda, and
possesses the same general qualities as the
olive oil soda soap. In Scotland it is
made from kelp and tallow.
SAPOGENIN. A peculiar substance
resulting from the action of muriatic acid
on saponin.
SAPONACEOUS. Resembling soap;
having the qualities of soap.
SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS.
A peren-
(Soapwort, Bouncing Bet.)
nial, herbaceous plant, growing wild in
this country in the vicinity of cultiva-
tion, but probably introduced from Eu-
rope. The root and leaves are employed.
They impart to water the property of
forming a lather when agitated, like a
solution of soap, whence the name of the
plant was derived. This property, as well
as the medical virtues of the plant, resides
in a peculiar proximate principle obtained
from the root, called Saponin. It has been
used in Germany as a remedy in venereal
Soap and scrofulous affections, cutaneous erup-
tions, and visceral obstructions.
Insoluble Soap is an insoluble compound
of a metallic oxide with a fatty substance,
not possessing detergent qualities.
Soft Soap is a viscid, semi-fluid potash
soap, of a dirty, brownish-yellow color,
having an excess of alkali.
SAPO DUrus. (Hard Soap.)
made with olive oil and soda.
SAPO GUAIACINUS. A soap of guaiac,
prepared by diluting the liquor potassa
with twice its weight of water, boiling
lightly, then adding guaiac gradually with
continued agitation, so long as it con-
tinues to be dissolved, and finally filtering
SAPONIFICATION. The act of con-
verting into soap.
SAPONIN. A peculiar principle ob-
tained from the root of Saponaria offici-
nalis. It has been found also in various
other plants, as different species of Silene,
SAP
SAS
348
Dianthus, Lychnis, and Anagallis. It is
said to be identical with polygalic acid or
senegin, and to possess poisonous prop-
erties.
SAPONULE. An imperfect soap,
formed by the action of an alkali upon an
essential oil.
SAPORIFIC.
produce taste; producing taste.
of Sarracenia, said to possess the power
of very favorably modifying the disease
of small-pox, and of materially shortening
its course. It probably possesses no cura-
tive influence over that disease.
SARSAPARILLA.
The root of Smi-
lax officinalis and of other species of Smi-
Having the power to lax. The Sarsaparilla of commerce comes
from different sources, and is divided into
varieties according to the place of collec-
tion or shipment. Honduras Sarsaparilla
is the variety most used in this country.
Sarsaparilla root has undergone great
changes of reputation. It is now consid-
ered merely a useful adjuvant and corri-
gent of mercury in venereal complaints.
SAPOROSITY. The quality of a body
by which it excites the sensation of taste.
SAPOTA MULLERI. (Bullet Tree.)
A tree growing in great abundance in
Dutch Guiana, in South America, which
produces a substance closely analogous to
gutta-percha, called Bulata.
SARSAPARILLA BEER. Take of Rio
Negro sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds;
SAPOTACEÆ. An order of plants
from which caoutchouc is obtained.
SAPPAN WOOD. See Casalpina Sap- bark of guaiac, powdered, eight ounces;
pan.
SARATOGA WATER. See Pavilion
Spring, Congress Spring, and Iodine Spring.
SARCOCOLLA. A peculiar vegetable
product, exuding spontaneously from the
Penca sarcocolla, Penca mucronata, and
other species of Penæa, small shrubs grow-
ing at the Cape of Good Hope, in Ethiopia,
Arabia, &c. By the ancients it was em-
ployed as an external application to
wounds and ulcers, under the idea that it
possessed the property of agglutinating
the flesh. It is out of use.
SARCOCOLLIN.
A peculiar sub-
stance, holding an intermediate place be-
tween gum and sugar, obtained from sar-
cocolla.
raspings of guaiac wood, anise seed, and
licorice root, each, fcur ounces; meze-
reon, bark of the root, two ounces; mo-
lasses, two pounds; and a dozen bruised
cloves; pour upon these ingredients about
four gallons of boiling water, and shake
the vessel three times a day. When fer-
mentation has well began it is fit for use,
and may be taken in the dose of a small
tumblerful three times a day. The bark
of guaiacum, which is not kept in the
shops, might be omitted.
SARSAPARILLA, FALSE.
Nudicaulis.
See Aralia
SARSAPARILLA, INDIAN. See Hemi-
desmi Radix.
SARSAPARILLIN. The crystalline
SARCOLACTIC ACID. One of the principle in which the virtues of sarsapa-
constituents of ox bile.
SARCOSINA. A principle having the
composition CH,NO4, obtained by decom-
posing caffeidina by caustic baryta.
SARKOSINA. An alkaloid obtained
from creatin by boiling with baryta, and
composed of CH,NO. It is easily solu-
ble in water, little in alcohol, and occurs
in rhombic prisms or scales.
SARRACENIA,
SARRACENIA FLAVA,
SARRACENIA VARIOLARIS.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
See Fly Trap.
A species
water.
rilla reside. It is white, inodorous, almost
tasteless in the solid state, but bitter, acrid,
and nauseous when dissolved in alcohol or
It is very slightly soluble in cold
water, but more readily in boiling water,
which deposits it on cooling. It is very
soluble in alcohol, especially at the boiling
temperature. It has been variously,
though improperly, called Salseparine,
Smilacin Pariglin, and Parillinic acid.
SASSA. A name applied to a tree in
the East, from which a gum is procured
called Sassa gum. It is in mammillary
masses, or in convoluted pieces, resem-
SAS
SCA
349
bling an ammonite, of a reddish color and
somewhat shining surface, and more trans-
parent than tragacanth. Its taste is like
that of tragacanth, but slightly acrid.
When introduced into water it becomes
white, softens, and swells to four or five
times its original bulk, but it preserves its
shape, neither, like tragacanth, forming a
mucilage, nor, like bassora gum, separat-
ing into distinct flocculi. It is rendered
blue by iodine.
SASSA GUM. See Sassa.
SASSAFRAS MEDULLA. The pith
of the stems of Sassafras officinale. It is
in slender cylindrical pieces, very light
and spongy, with a mucilaginous taste,
and in a slight degree the characteristic
flavor of the sassafras. It abounds in
gummy matter, which it readily imparts
to water, forming a limpid mucilage,
which, though ropy and viscid, has less
tenacity than that of gum arabic, and will
not answer as a substitute. This mucilage
is much employed as a soothing applica-
tion in inflammation of the eyes.
SASSAFRAS OFFICINALE. See Laurus
Sassafras.
SASSAFRAS PITH. See Sassafras Me-
dulla.
SASSAFRAS RADICIS CORTEX. The bark
of the root of Sassafras officinalis.
SASSAFRID.
A peculiar principle
resembling tannic acid, obtained from the
bark of sassafras root.
SASSY BARK. See Erythrophleum
Guineense.
SATURATION TABLES, ATTFIELD's. See
second part of this work.
SATUREJA HORTENSIS. (Sum-
mer Savory.) An annual labiate plant,
growing spontaneously in the south of
Europe, and cultivated in gardens as a
culinary herb. It has an aromatic odor
and taste, analogous to those of thyme,
and was formerly used as a gentle car-
minative stimulant; but is now employed
only to give flavor to food.
SATUREJA MONTANA. (Winter Savory.)
A species of Satureja possessing properties
similar to those of Satureja hortensis.
SATURN. The metal lead.
SATURNINE. Of or pertaining to
lead.
SAUNDERS,
See
Sandal-
Wood.
SAUNDERS, RED,
SAUNDERS, WHITE,
SAUNDERS, YELLOW.
SAURURACEÆ. A family of plants,
including the genus Aneminopsis.
SAURURUS CERNUUS. See Liz-
ard's Tail.
SAVANILLA RHATANY. See Kra-
meria Ixina.
SAVINE. See Juniperus Sabina.
SAVINE TOPS. (Sabina Cacumina.) See
Juniperus Sabina.
SAVORY. See Satureja Hortensis.
SAXIFRAGA. See Pimpinella Saxi-
fraga.
SAXIFRAGACEÆ.
A family of
plants, including the genera Saxifraga and
SATURANT. A substance which neu- Heuchera.
tralizes the acid in the stomach.
SATURATE. To cause to become
completely penetrated, impregnated, or
soaked; to infuse into until no more can
be received.
SATURATION. The satisfaction of
the mutual affinities of combining bodies
to such a degree, that no more of either
will enter into the combination; the com-
bination of bodies in such proportions as
to completely satisfy their combining
affinities.
SAXON-BLUE. A deep-blue liquid
used in dyeing, and obtained by dissolving
indigo in concentrated sulphuric acid.
SAXON-GREEN. A green color produced
by dyeing with yellow upon a ground of
Saxon-blue.
Plants,
SCABIOSA ARVENSIS, the roots
SCABIOSA SUCCISA.
of which are used to adulterate the vale-
rian in the markets of Paris. They are
shorter than the genuine root, with larger
radicles, less rough, little or not at all
The point of saturation is to be ascer-striated, very brittle, with a white amyla-
tained by means of litmus and turmeric.
ceous fracture. They are inodorous them-
-
SCA
SCI
350
selves, but acquire smell from contact
with the valerian.
SCABIOUS. A common, though in-
accurate name applied to several species
of Erigeron growing in the fields about
Philadelphia.
SCHEELE'S GREEN. A pigment of
a vivid light green color, prepared from
arseniate of copper; emerald green.
SCHEELETINE. A mineral of a
green, yellowish, brown, or red color, and
resinous lustre, consisting chiefly of tung-
SCALES OF IRON. See Ferri Squamæ. |stic acid and oxide of lead; tungstate of
SCAMMONIÆ RESINA, Take of lead.
}
SCAMMONII RESINA.
scammo-
ny, in fine powder, six troy ounces; alco-
hol, water, each a sufficient quantity.
Digest the scammony with successive por-
tions of boiling alcohol until exhausted.
Mix the tinctures, and reduce the mixture
to a syrupy consistence by distilling off
the alcohol. Then add the residue to a
pint of water, separate the precipitate
formed, wash it thoroughly with water,
and dry it with a gentle heat.
SCAMMONIUM. (Scammony.) The
concrete juice of the root of Convolvulus
scammonia. A gum-resin obtained by
incision from the living root. The pure
drug called Virgin scammony seldom
reaches our markets in an unmixed state.
The name of Aleppo scammony was for-
merly given to the better kinds of the
drug, and of Smyrna scammony to those of
inferior quality. Scammony is an ener-
getic cathartic, apt to occasion griping,
and sometimes operating with harshness.
SCAMMONY,
SCHEELITE. A calcareous ore of
tungsten, of a white or pale-yellowish
color; tungstate of lime.
SCHEERERITE. A resinous, inflam-
mable substance, occurring in loosely ag-
gregated crystalline grains and folia, or
in minute acicular crystals, in small cavi-
ties in coal, and consisting of carbon and
hydrogen.
SCHIEDAM. (Skedam.) Holland gin;
so called from a town where much of it is
made.
SCHINUS MOLLÉ. A tree known
as mollé, or false pimento tree, the bark
of which is used by the Mexicans as an
astringent. The fruit resembles pimento.
SCHNAPPS. Holland gin.
SCHUYLKILL WATER. A good
water, except that it is occasionally turbid
after heavy rains. It contains, on an
average, in a wine gallon, 4.42 grains of
solid matter, nearly one-half of which is
carbonate of lime, with only a trace of
See Scam-organic matter.
monium. SCILLA. (Squill.) The sliced and
dried bulb of Scilla, or Squilla maritima,
or Urginea scilla, a perennial plant, with
SCAMMONY, ALEPPO.} See Scam.
SCAMMONY, FACTITIOUS. See Cynan-
chum Monspeliacum.
SCAMMONY LACHRYMA. See Lachryma fibrous roots proceeding from the bottom
Scammonii.
SCAMMONY MIXTURE.
Scammonii.
of a large bulb, which sends forth several
See Mistura long, lanceolate, pointed, somewhat un-
dulated, shining, deep-green leaves. It
See Cy-grows on the sea-coast of Spain, France,
Italy, Greece, and other countries border-
ing on the Mediterranean. Squill is ex-
pectorant, diuretic, and in large doses,
SCAMMONY, MONTPELLIER.
nanchum Monspeliacum.
Sec Scammo-
SCAMMONY, SMYRNA, Į
SCAMMONY, VIRGIN. Šnium.
SCANDIX CEREFOLIUM. See An- emetic and purgative.
thriscus Cerefolium.
SCAPE. A peduncle rising from the
ground or a subterranean stem, as in the
stemless violets, the blood root, and the
like.
SCILLA MARITIMA. See Scilla.
SCILLITIN. An uncrystallizable hy-
grometric but not deliquescent principle,
obtained from squill. It is insoluble in
water, and very soluble in alcohol and
SCARLET PIMPERNEL. See Ana- ether, even cold. It is in minute, trans-
gallis Arvensis.
parent spangles, of a pale-yellow color,
SCI
SEA
351
SCROPHULARIN,
SCROPHULAROSMIN.
Proxi-
mate
mate prin-
ciples obtained from the leaves of the fig-
wort plant.
and of an intense, pungent bitterness, | ulus, Veronica, Digitalis, Calceolaria, &c.,
which is increased by the presence of &c.
water. Nitric and sulphuric acids dis-
solve it, and muriatic acid has no effect
on it.
It approaches the alkaloids in
character, as it has an alkaline reaction,
combines with acetic acid, and contains
nitrogen. In its effects on the system, it
resembles the acrid narcotics, proving
fatal in the dose of three-fourths of a
grain.
SCRUPLE. A weight of twenty
grains; the third part of a drachm.
SCULLCAP. (Scutellaria, Madweed.)
The herb of Scutellaria lateriflora, an in-
digenous, perennial herb, growing in
SCITAMINEÆ. An order of plants moist places, by the sides of ditches and
including the genus Maranta.
ponds, in all parts of this country. It is
SCLEROGEN. The hard matter de-considered a valuable nervine.
posited in the membranous cells of plants, SCULLCAP, EUROPEAN. (Scutellaria
and which forms the principal part of the || Galericulata.) A species of Scutellaria
solid wood; lignin.
growing wild in this country, having
a feeble, somewhat alliaceous odor, and a
bitterish taste. It has been employed in
intermittents, and externally, in old ulcers.
SCLEROTIC. A medicine which
A medicine which
hardens and consolidates the parts to
which it is applied.
SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS. A name
applied to the parasitic fungus, which is
asserted by some to constitute ergot, and
is distinct from the grain of the rye.
SCOLOPENDRIUM OFFICINAR-
UM. See Asplenium Scolopendrium.
SCOPARIC ACID. See Scoparin.
SCOPARII CACUMINA. Broom
tops.
SCOPARIN. (Scoparic Acid.) The
supposed diuretic principle of broom tops
or flowers, obtained by purifying a yellow
gelatinous substance deposited upon the
evaporation of their decoction-C21 Hi1O10-
SCOPARIUS. See Broom.
SCORBUTIC. Pertaining to the
scurvy disease.
SCORDIIN. A neutral organic prin-
ciple, occurring in a yellow gumlike or
white powder, agreeably aromatic and
bitter; insoluble in cold water, soluble in
alcohol and ether, and obtained from Teu-
crium scordium.
SCOTCH FIR. See Pinus Sylvestris.
SCOURING RUSH. See Equisetum
Hyemale.
SCUM. The extraneous matter or im-
purities which rise to the surface of liquids
in boiling or fermentation.
SCURVY GRASS. See Cochlearia
Officinalis.
SCUTELLARIA. See Scullcap.
SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA. See
Scullcap, European.
A spe-
SCUTELLARIA HYSSOPIFOLIA.
cies of Scutellaria, considered by some as
a mere variety of Scutellaria integrifolia.
SCUTELLARIA INTEGRIFOLIA. An in-
digenous species of Scutellaria, which
from its intense bitterness might probably
be found useful as a tonic.
SCUTELLARIA
Scullcap.
LATERIFLORA.
See
SCUTELLARINE. A name given to
a preparation of scutellaria, obtained by
mixing a concentrated tincture of it with
water, precipitating it with alum, and
then washing and drying. The name
scutellarine is inappropriate, as it is not a
pure proximate principle.
SCYLLITE. A saccharine principle
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. See resembling inosite, found in the kidneys
Figwort.
SCROPHULARINEÆ,
and liver of some fishes.
A family
SEA-GIRDLES. See Laminaria Digi-
tata.
SEA-SALT. See Chloride of Sodium.
SCROPHULARIACEE. J of plants
including the genera Scrophularia, Mim-
SEA
SEL
352
SEA-WATER. (English Channel.) The
constituents of a thousand grains are:
แ
Water,
964.744 grs.
Chloride of sodium,
potassium,
magnesium,
27.059 ((
0.765 ((
3.667
0.029 ((
2.296
1.407 (L
0.033 [C
CC
Bromide magnesium,
Sulphate magnesia,
(6
lime,
Carbonate lime,
SEA-WRACK. See Bladder-Wrack.
SEALING WAX. The best red seal-
ing wax is made by melting together with
a very gentle heat, forty-eight parts of
shellac, nineteen of Venice turpentine,
and one of balsam Peru, and mixing with
the melted mass, thirty-two parts of finely
powdered cinnabar. But common rosin
is often substituted in part for the lac,
and a mixture of red lead and chalk for
the cinnabar. The best black sealing wax
consists of sixty parts of lac, ten of tur-
pentine, and thirty of levigated bone-
black; the best yellow sealing wax, of sixty
parts of lac, twelve of turpentine, and
twenty-four of chromate of lead.
SEAR-CLOTH.
sore; a plaster.
A cloth to cover a
SEARLE'S OXYGENOUS AERA-
TED WATER. See Nitrous Oxide Water.
SEASIDE BALSAM. See Croton Bal-
samiferum.
SEBACIC ACID. An acid obtained
from fat.
SEBATE. A salt formed by the com-
bination of sebacic acid and a base.
SEBIFEROUS Producing vegetable
wax.
SECALE CEREALE. (Rye.) A plant
cultivated in all temperate latitudes. Rye
flour has been much used in the dry state
as an external application to erysipelatous
inflammation and other eruptive affections.
SECALE CORNUTUM. See Ergot.
SECALIA,
SECALIN} See Propylamia.
SEDATIVE. A medicine which allays
irritation, irritability, and pain.
SEDUM ACRE. See Biting Stone Crop.
SEDUM ALBUM,
SEDUM RUPESTRE.
Species of Sedum
less acrid than Se-
dum acre, and used as a salad in some
parts of Europe
SEDUM TELEPHIUM. A species of Se-
dum formerly employed externally to cica-
trize wounds, and internally as an astrin-
gent in dysentery and hæmoptysis.
SEED. The embryo, with its envelope
or envelopes, or the natural ovule, the
growth of which gives origin to a new
plant.
SEED-BUD. The germ.
SEED-COAT. The covering of a seed.
SEED-LAC. A lac consisting of minute
irregular fragments, broken from the
twigs, and partially exhausted by water.
It is of a light or dark-brown color, in-
clining to red or yellow.
SEGREGATE. To separate from a
mass and collect together about centres or
long lines of fracture, as in the process of
crystallization or solidification.
SEIDLITZ POWDERS. See Aperient
Effervescing Powders.
SEIDLITZ WATER. A wine pint con-
tains
2.5 grs. carbonate of magnesia,
0.8
180
5
((
it
lime,
sulphate of magnesia,
t
lime,
4.5 chloride of magnesium.
SEIGNETTE'S SALT. A name fre-
quently applied to Rochelle salt, in honor
of Seignette, an apothecary of Rochelle,
who discovered it. See Potassæ et Sodæ
Tartras.
SEL DE BOUTIGNY. See Calomel
Iodides.
SELENIATE. A compound of selenic
acid with a base.
}
SELENIC ACID,
An acid com-
SELINIC ACID. posed of one equiv-
alent of selenium and three of oxygen,
obtained from the root of marsh parsley.
SELENIDE. A compound of selenium
with a metal, or some other body which
SEDIMENT. The matter which sub-may take the place of a metal.
sides to the bottom from water or any SELENIOUS. Of, pertaining to, or
other liquid; settlings; lees; dregs.
obtained from selenium.
SEL
SEN
353
SELENIOUS ACID. An acid composed
SENECA OIL. See New York Petro-
of one equivalent of selenium and two of leum.
oxygen.
acid with a base.
SENECIN. A name applied to a
SELENITE. A compound of selenious preparation made by precipitating a tinc-
ture of Senecio aureus with water. This
name, however, should be reserved for the
active principle when discovered.
SENECIO AUREUS. (Ragwort.) A
favorite vulnerary with the Indians.
SELENIUM. An elementary sub-
stance, allied to sulphur, having a dark-
brown color, with a metallic lustre. It
passes into vapor at 650° Fahr., producing
the odor of decaying horseradish.
SELENIURET. A compound of se- sel.) An annual European plant intro-
lenium with some other element.
SELENIURETTED. Containing,
combined with, or impregnated with se-
lenium.
SELF-HEAL. See Heal-all.
SELINUM PALUSTRE. See Marsh
Parsley.
SELTZER WATER. A mineral car-
bonated water in Europe, a wine pint of
which contains seventeen cubic inches of
carbonic acid, four grains carbonate of
soda, five of carbonate of magnesia, three
of carbonate of lime, and seventeen of
chloride of sodium.
SELTZER WATER, ARTIFICIAL.
Aqua Acidi Carbonici.
See
SEMEN ABELMOSCHI. See Alceœ
Egyptiaca.
Semen Contra,
SEMEN CYNÆ.
}
See Santonica.
SEMEN NIGELLE. See Fennel Flower,
Small.
SEMEN PSYLLII. See Fleawort.
SEMI. A prefix signifying half.
SEMI-FLUID, Half or imperfectly
SEMI-LIQUID. fluid.
SEMI-VITRIFIED. Half or imperfectly
vitrified.
SEMI-VITRIFIED OXIDE OF LEAD. See
Lead, Oxide.
SEMPERVIRENT.
ever green.
Always fresh;
SEMPERVIVUM TECTORUM.
(Common Houseleek.) A perennial, suc-
culent, European plant, growing on rocks,
old walls, and the roofs of houses, and re-
markable for its tenacity of life. The
leaves are employed in the recent state,
and bruised, as a cooling application to
burns, stings of bees, hornets, &c., &c.
SENECIO VULGARIS. (Common Ground-
duced into this country, and growing in
cultivated grounds. The whole herb is
used. It is emetic in large doses, and has
been given in convulsive affections, liver
complaints, spitting of blood, &c., &c.
A modification of
SENECIONIN.
senecin.
SENEGA,
SENEGA ROOT,
SENEKA,
SENEKA SNAKEROOT.
See
Polygala
Senega.
SENEGAL GUM. See Gum, Austra-
lian.
SENEGIN. A name applied to the
supposed active principle of senega root.
It has since been ascertained to be a coin-
plex substance, and to have no just claim
to the rank assigned it.
SENNA,
See Cas-
SENNA ALEXANDRIA.} sia Acu-
tifolia.
SENNA ALEXANDRINA. The leaflets
of Cassia lanceolata.
SENNA AMERICAN.
Senna.
See American
SENNA FIGS. A preparation of senna
made by slitting figs and impregnating
the interior parts with extract of or pow-
dered senna
SENNA, INDIA. See India Senna.
SENNA, INDICA. The senna from plants
cultivated in Southern India.
SENNA, MECCA. See Mecca Senna.
SENNA PASTE. A paste consisting of
figs and powdered senna beaten thoroughly
together to the consistence of a confection,
and then covered with granulated sugar.
SENNA TRIPOLI. See Cassia Ethiopica.
SENNACRIN. A name applied to
23
SEN
SES
354
bitterness.
the cathartin of senna deprived of its the blood; so called in distinction from
that of the white of an egg, or ovalbumen,
from which it differs slightly in its chemi-
cal reactions.
SENNACROL,
Peculiar substan-
SENNAPICRIN,
ces obtained from
senna.
SENNARETIN.
SERICOGRAPHIS MOHITLI.
A
SEROTINOUS. Happening later in
a season than is customary with allied
species.
SENNIN. A principle said to have plant belonging to the Acanthaceæ, con-
been obtained from senna, by precipitat-taining a hygroscopic deep blue coloring
ing a decoction of it with acetate of lead, principle, which acts chemically like lit-
filtering the solution, and treating it with mus.
sulphuretted hydrogen, by which a pre-
cipitate is produced, which, after drying,
is digested in ether, and on spontaneous
evaporation, the latter yields the crystals,
which, according to Kubly, are composed
of sulphur mixed with a trace of bitter
organic matter.
SENSITIVE. Readily affected or
changed by certain appropriate agents, as
iodized silver is extremely sensitive to the
action of light.
SEPAL. A leaf or division of the
calyx. When the calyx or pericarp consists
of but one part, it is said to be monosepa-
lous; when of two parts, disepalous, &c.,
when of a variable and indefinite number,
it is said to be polysepalous.
SEPARATION OF LIQUIDS.
Liquids which have no chemical affinity,
and differ in specific gravity, may be
separated by allowing them to remain at
rest in a separating funnel, and then draw-
ing off the heavier fluid.
SEPARATION OF MIXED SUBSTANCES.
Various mechanical operations for this
purpose are resorted to in practical phar-
macy; some of these relate to the separa-
tion of solids from liquids, others to that
of one liquid from another.
SEPARATION OF SOLIDS FROM LIQUIDS.
This includes the process of decantation,
filtration, percolation, straining, expres-
sion, clarification, &c.
SEROUS. Thin, watery, like whey;
said of that part of the blood which sepa-
rates in coagulation from the grumous or
red part.
SERPENTARIA.
Serpentaria.
SERRATE,
SERRATED.
leaf.
}
See Aristolochia
Notched on the edge
like a saw, as a serrate
SERUM. The liquid portion of the
blood, after the separation of the coagulum
or clot, of which albumen is the principal
organic ingredient.
SERUM LACTIS. That part of milk
which contains the sugar, salts, and
water; used as a dietetic in certain dis-
cases, and as a vehicle.
SESAMI FOLIUM. See Benne Leaf.
SESAMUM INDICUM,
SESAMUM ORIENTALE.}
Species of Sesamum, natives of the East
Indies. They have been cultivated from
time immemorial in various parts of Asia
and Africa. They are now cultivated in
this country. The seeds are employed as
food by the negroes, who parch them over
the fire.
SESQUI. A prefix denoting the pro-
portion of three equivalents of the sub-
stance to the name of which it is prefixed
SEPARATORY. A chemical vessel to two equivalents of the other element,
for separating liquids.
SEPEERINA. (From the Dutch name
Sepeeri, for bebeeru.) See Bebeerin.
SEPIA OFFICINALIS. The cuttle-
fish.
or proximate principle, as sesquichlo-
ride.
SESQUIBROMIDE. A compound of
bromine with another element in the pro-
portions of three equivalents of bromine
SEPTFOIL. See Potentilla Tormen- to two of the other element.
tilla.
SESQUICARBONATE OF AMMO-
SERALBUMEN. The albumen of NIA. Carbonate of ammonia, consist-
SES
SHA
255
SEVEN BARKS. See Hydrangea Ar-
ing of three equivalents of carbonic acid, |
two of ammonia, and two of water. See borescens.
Ammonia Carbonate
SEVUM. (Mutton Suet.) The fat of
the sheep, taken chiefly from about the
kidneys. It is employed to give a proper
SESQUICARBONATE OF POTASSA. A salt
resulting from the partial decomposition
of bicarbonate of potassa by five-sixths of consistence to ointments, &c.
its weight of boiling water.
SESQUICARBONATE OF SODA. (Trona.)
The native soda of Egypt. That of South
America is less carbonated.
SESQUICHLORIDE. A compound
of chlorine with another element, in the
proportions of three equivalents of chlo-
rine to two of the other element.
SESQUICHLORIDE OF IRON. See
ride of Iron.
SEVUM PRÆPARATUM. (Prepared Su-
et.) The internal fat of the abdomen of
the sheep, Ovis aries, purified by melting
and straining.
SEX. The distinguishing peculiarity
of plants, as staminate or pistillate; one
of the groups founded on this distinction.
The sexual method, or the method of clas-
Chlo-sification-called also Linnæan method and
SESQUICYANIDE. A compound of
cyanogen with some element, in the pro-
portions of three equivalents of cyanogen
to two of the other element.
SESQUIODIDE. A compound of io-
dine with another element, in the propor-
tions of three equivalents of the iodine to
two of the other element.
SESQUIODIDE OF MERCURY. A prepa-
ration of mercury, consisting of two equiv-
alents of mercury, and three of iodine,
formed by the combination of the binio-
dide with the protiodide.
SESQUIOXIDE. A compound of oxy-
gen with some other element, in the pro-
portions of three equivalents of oxygen to
two of the other element.
SESQUIOXIDE OF CHROMIUM. See Chro-
mium, Sesquioxide.
SESQUIOXIDE OF IRON. See Ferri Per-
oxidum.
SESQUISALT. A salt having three
equivalents of one component, and two of
another.
} A com-
SESQUISULPHIDE,
SESQUISULPHURET.Š pound of
sulphur with some other element, in the
proportions of three equivalents of sulphur
to two of the other element.
SESSILE. Issuing directly from the
main stem or branch, without a petiole or
footstalk, as a sessile leaf.
artificial method-which is founded on the
distinction of sexes in plants, as male and
female, each sex being furnished with ap-
propriate organs or parts; the stamens or
male organs producing a pollen or dust,
which fecundates the stigma of the pistil,
or female organ, and is necessary to ren-
der it prolific. Most plants are her-
maphrodite, the male and female organs
being contained in the same flower.
SHADDOCK. A variety of orange;
the product of the Citrus decumana.
SHAMMY, A leather prepared ori-
SHAMOIS. ginally from the skin of
the chamois, and much esteemed for its
softness, pliancy, and the quality of bear-
ing soap without damage.
Much of the leather which bears this
name is counterfeit, being made of the
skin of the common goat, the kid, or even
the sheep.
SHAMROCK. A plant of the genus
Trifolium (Trifolium repens), used by the
Irish as their national emblem; white
trefoil; white clover.
The name shamrock is supposed to have
been originally applied to a plant of the
genus Oxalis, the Oxalis acetosella, or
wood sorrel, which also has trifoliate
leaves
SHARON SPRING WATER. A
chalybeate water, of which the gaseous
contents of a wine gallon are 0.7702 cubic
SETACEOUS. Having the slender inches of sulphuretted hydrogen. The
form of a bristle.
solid contents are:
SHE
SIL
356
1
15.1148 grains of bicarbonate of magnesia. į sienna, sienna in its natural state of a
63.8024
8.1546 ((
1.4040
sulphate of lime.
((
magnesia.
protosulphate of iron.
3.7401 (( sulphate of soda.
28.48
organic matter.
A trace of sulphate of potassa.
SHEEP-LAUREL. See Kalmia An-
gustifolia.
A
transparent yellowish-brown color.
SILENE PENNSYLVANICA.
species of Silene growing in the castern
portion of the Union, possessing proper-
ties similar to those of Silene Virginica,
or Catchfly.
SILENE VIRGINICA. See Catchfly.
SILEX. Silicic acid, generally impure,
SHEEP-SORREL. An herb, the Ru- as it is found in nature, constituting flint,
mex acetosella.
SHELLAC,
}
The resin lac spread
SHELL-LAC. into thin plates after
being melted and strained.
quartz, and most sands and sandstones.
SILEX CONTRITUS. See Pulverized Silex.
SILICA. Silicic acid in a state of
purity.
SILICATE. A salt composed of silicic
SHELLBARK. See Carya Alba.
SHEPHERD'S PURSE. See Thlap-acid and a base.
sus Bursa Pastoris.
SHERRY WINE. (Vinum Xericum,
Vinum Album) A deep amber-colored
wine prepared in the vicinity of Xeres, in
Spain. It ranks among the stronger white
wines, and contains, on an average, nine-
teen per cent., by measure, of alcohol.
SHINING ALOES. See Aloes, Shining.
SHITTAH, A wood supposed to
SHITTIM. Í have been a species of
Acacia (Acacia Arabica).
SHRUB. A low, dwarf tree.
SHRUBBY TREFOIL. See Ptelea
Trifoliata.
SIALAGOGUES. Medicines which
increase the flow of saliva.
SIBERIAN
RHAPONTIC ROOT.
(Siberian Rhubarb.) An inferior quality
of rhubarb.
SIBERIAN STONE PINE. See Carpathian
Balsam.
SICCATIVE. A medicine which pro-
motes the process of drying.
SILICATE OF MAGNESIA, HYDRATED.
See Magnesia, Silicate of.
SILICATE OF POTASSA. A salt prepared
in the same manner as the silicate of soda,
and, like it, is called soluble glass. This
salt is preferred by some, as it acts more
promptly in bringing about alkalinity of
the urine.
SILICATE OF SODA. (Soda Silicas, Solu-
ble Glass.) A salt employed in conjunc-
tion with benzoate of soda, in the treat-
ment of gout and rheumatism, for the pur-
pose of eliminating uric acid by the urine.
It is made by fusing one part of silica and
two of dried carbonate of soda, mixed in
powder, in an earthenware crucible, and
pouring out the fused mass on a stone slab
to cool. This is pulverized and treated
with boiling water, to dissolve the soluble
part. The solution is then filtered and
concentrated so as to form crystals on
cooling.
See
SILICATE OF ZINC. See Calamine.
SILICIUM,
SILICIC ACID.} Pulverized Silex.
SILICON. The base of silex or silica;
a non-metallic element, which has been
obtained in three allotrophic states, called
amorphous, graphitoidal, and octohedral
silicon; the first corresponding to char-
SIENNA. (Terra di Sienna.) An ar-
gillaceous mineral, compact, of a fine tex-
ture, very light, smooth, and glossy, of a
yellowish-brown or coffee color, leaving a
dull-orange trace when moistened and
drawn over paper. By calcination it as-
sumes a reddish-brown color, and is then
called burnt sienna. It is used in paint-
ing. The best is brought from Italy, but | coal, the second to graphite, and the third
an inferior kind is found in England. to diamond.
Burnt sienna is sienna made of a much SILICO-PROPIONIC ACID. A
redder color by the action of fire. Raw compound, Si₂CH₂O,HO, wherein a large
5 3
SIL
SIN
357
ས
percentage of the carbon of the propionic ¦ Simaruba amara, a tree of considerable
acid is replaced by silicium.
SILK COLLODION. A collodion
prepared from silk by bringing it to the
condition of the material from which the
worm spins its thread. This is done by
dissolving silk in a solution of chloride of
zinc, and then separating the solvent by
means of dialysis. It is used for photo-
graphic purposes. Before it is used as
collodion it must be dissolved in some
volatile liquid, which would evaporate
spontaneously on application to the sur-
face.
SILK-WEED, COMMON. See Asclepias
Cornuti.
SILURUS GLANIS. See Samovey
Isinglass.
SILVER. (Argentum.) A soft, white,
metallic element, very malleable and duc-
tile, and capable of a high polish. It oc-
curs pure in nature, and also in combina-
tion with sulphur, arsenic, &c., and with
ores of lead, copper, and gold.
Fulminating Silver is an explosive com-
pound, formed of the newly prepared
oxide of silver combined with ammonia.
SILVER, CHLORIDE. See Argenti Chlori-
dum.
SILVER, CYANIDE,
See Argenti
SILVER, CYANURET. } Cyanidum,
SILVER FIR, AMERICAN.
Balsamea.
height and thickness, growing in the West
Indies and Guiana. In Jamaica it is
called mountain damson. The bark of the
root contains a bitter principle identical
with quassin, and possesses the same tonic
properties as other simple bitters, and may
be employed for the same purposes.
SIMARUBA AMARA,
}
See Sima-
SIMARUBA OFFICINALIS. ruba.
SIMARUBA EXCELSA. See Quassia.
SIMARUBACE. A family of plants
to which the
to which the genus Ailanthus belongs.
SIMMER. To boil gently.
SIMPLE. Not having been, or not
capable of being, decomposed or separated
into two or more elementary bodies; ele-
mentary, without subdivision; entire; as
a simple stem, leaf, or flower.
SIMPLE CERATE. See Cerate of Lard.
SIMPLE OINTMENT. See Ointment of
Lard.
SIMPLE SYRUP. (Syrupus, Syrupus
Simplex, Syrup) Dissolve thirty-six troy
ounces of coarsely powdered refined sugar,
with the aid of heat, in twenty fluid ounces
of distilled water, raise the temperature to
the boiling-point, and strain the solution
while hot.
SINAPIC ACID. (Erucic Acid) An
acid resulting from the boiling of sulpho-
See Abies cyanide of sinapin with alkalies, composed
of C44H4204.
SINAPIN.
SILVER FIR, EUROPEAN. See Abies
Pectinata.
(Sulpho-Sinapisin.) The
peculiar ingredient of white mustard seed.
SILVER, Fused NITRATE. See Argenti It is white, crystallizable, inodorous, bit-
Nitras Fusa.
ter, and soluble in alcohol and water,
SILVER, IODIDE. See Agenti Iodidum. forming a yellow solution. It was first
SILVER, NITRATE. See Argenti Nitras. thought to be an acid, but was afterwards
SILVER, OXIDE. See Argenti Oxidum. ascertained to be neuter. It is considered
SILVERY CROWN BARK. A name by some as a sulphocyanide of an alkaloid,
by which English druggists distinguish a and as having the formula C2H26NO12.
variety of Loxa Peruvian bark, charac- It is difficult to separate the organic base
terized by a whitish, silvery appearance, sinapin from it, because this is decomposed
of the epidermis, derived from adhering by alkalies.
lichens.
SIMABA CEDRON. See Cedron.
SIMARONA. An inferior variety of
vanilla.
SIMARUBA. The bark of the root of
Simaruba officinalis, Quassia simaruba, or
SINAPIS,
SINAPIS ALBA.
See Mustard.
SINAPIS NIGRA. See Black Mustard.
SINAPISIN. A peculiar crystalline
principle obtained from the seeds of Sina-
pis nigra. It is in brilliant, white, scaly
1
SIN
SLI
358
>
crystals, sublimable by heat, soluble in
alcohol, ether, and the fixed and volatile
oils, but insoluble in acids and alkalies.
SINAPISM. A mustard poultice,
formed either in the usual manner, or by
mixing 20 drops of the volatile oil of mus-
tard with 3.5 drachms of glycerin and 5
drachms of starch.
A nitric
SINGLE AQUA FORTIS.
acid of the arts. It is half the strength
of the double aqua fortis, having the spe-
cific gravity of 1.22.
SINTOC. A spice used in the East
Indies, consisting of the bark of a species
of Laurus.
SIPEERIA, An amorphous sub-
SIPEERIN, stance left after the sepa-
ration of bebeeria by ether, in the processes
for obtaining that principle. It is very
sparingly soluble in water, freely soluble
in alcohol, but differing from bebeeria in
being insoluble in ether.
SIPHON. A bent tube or pipe by
which a liquid can be transferred from
one vessel to another, over an interme-
diate elevation, by means of the pressure
of the atmosphere forcing the liquid up
the branch of the tube immersed in it,
while the excess of weight of the liquid in
the other branch (when once filled), causes
a continuous flow. The flow takes place
only when the discharging orifice is lower
than the surface of the liquid, and no part
of the tube is higher above it, then the
same liquid will rise by atmospheric pres-
sure, that is, thirty-three feet for water,
thirty inches for mercury, &c.
SIRUP. The sweet juice of vegetables
or fruits; or sugar boiled with vegetable
infusions; sweetened liquid of any kind.
This word is spelt sirup in most English
dictionaries, but syrup is the form in
common use.
SISYMBRIUM
Ditoplazis Muralis.
MURALIS.
See
SISYMBRIUM NASTURTIUM. See Nas-
turtium Officinale.
SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE. See Erysi-
mum Officinale
SISYMBRIUM SOPHIA. See Flixweed.
SIUM LATIFOLIUM. A species of
Sium growing in Europe and this country,
which is the common water parsnep of
the United States. It is positively as-
serted to be poisonous; madness and death
having followed the use of its root.
SIUM LINEARE. A species of Sium
constituting an ingredient in a combina-
tion of native plants, recommended as
having peculiar efficacy in dysentery.
SIUM NODIFLORUM. (Water Parsnep.)
A perennial, umbelliferous, aquatic Eu-
ropean plant, growing also in the southern
portion of this country. It is said to be
poisonous; but the expressed juice has
been given in the dose of three or four
ounces every morning, without any seri-
ous results, and on the contrary has been
found in this quantity, very advantageous
in obstinate skin diseases.
A species of Sium
SIUM SISARUM,} of Chinese origin, cul-
SKIRRET.
tivated in Europe. It has a sweetish,
somewhat aromatic root, which is em-
SIPHONIA CAHUCHU, See Caout-ployed as food, in the form of salad, and
SIPHONIA ELASTICA. I chouc. is supposed to be a useful diet in com-
SIRITCH. A sweet oil expressed from plaints of the chest.
the seeds of Sesamum orientale, used by
the Arabs as an article of diet, for friction
of the body, and for lamps.
SIROP DE CAPILLAIRE. A syrup,
popular in France as a remedy in pectoral
affections. It is made from the leaves of
Adiantum capillus veneris.
SIROP DE CUISINIER. A compound
syrup of sarsaparilla, famous in France,
for which the officinal U. S. P. syrup is
intended as a substitute.
SIZING FOR WOOLLENS. A prep-
aration consisting of 100 parts glycerin
20° B., 1 part sal soda, 1 part gelatin,
and 0.100 parts alum and borax.
SKULEINE. An irritating poison,
said to have been separated from squills.
SKUNK CABBAGE. See Dracon-
tium.
SLAKED LIME. See Calcis Hydras.
SLIPPERY ELM BARK. See Ulmi
Cortex.
SMA
SOA
359
SMALL BURNT SAXIFRAGE. See:
Pimpinella Saxifraga.
SMALL FENNEL FLOWER. See Fennel
Flower, Small.
SNAKEROOT, BUTTON. See Button-
Snakeroot.
SNAKEROOT, CANADA. See Asarum.
SNAKEROOT SENEKA. See Polygala
SMALL HOUSELEEK. See Biting Stone Senega.
SNAKEROOT, VIRGINIA. See Aristo-
See Azure.
SNEEZEWORT. See False Sunflower.
SNOW-WATER. Rain and snow
Crop.
SMALL SPIKENARD. See Aralia Nudi- lochia Serpentaria.
caulis.
SMALT.
SMARTWEED. See Polygonum Punc- waters are the purest kinds of natural
waters. Rain-water ordinarily contains
tatum.
SMILACEÆ. A family of plants in- | atmospheric air and a little nitric acid,
cluding the genus Asparagus.
SMILACIN. See Sarsaparillin.
SMILAX. A genus of climbing shrubs
found in the warm and temperate parts of
both hemispheres.
the amount of which is increased when
the rain descends in a storm. According
to an analysis, however, made of rain-
water which fell at Marseilles during a
violent storm, 1000 parts by weight con-
tained 0 004 of chlorine and 0.003 of am-
monia; not a trace of iodine or of nitric
acid was discovered.
SOAP. See Sapo.
SOAP ALMOND OIL,
SOAP AMYGDALINE.
See Almond Oil
Soap.
SOAP BALLS. Balls prepared by dis-
SMILAX ASPERA. A species of Smilax,
the root of which is said to be employed
in the south of Europe as a substitute for
sarsaparilla, but it has little reputation.
SMILAX CHINA. See China Root.
SMILAX CUMANENSIS, Species of
SMILAX OFFICINALIS, Smilax, espe-
SMILAX SYPHILITICA. cially the lat-solving soap in a little water, and then
ter, indicated as the probable source of forming it with starch into a mass of the
the genuine sarsaparilla root, exported proper consistence.
from Mexico and the Spanish Main.
SMILAX MEDICA. A species of Smilax
growing on the eastern declivity of the
Mexican Andes, where the root is collected
and sent to Vera Cruz.
SOAP BARK. See Quillay.
SOAP, BEEF'S MARROW.
Marrow Soap.
See Beef's
SOAP, CASTILE. (Olive Oil Soda Soap,
Spanish Soap.) A fine white or marbled
SMILAX PAPYRACEA. See Guatemala soap, made with soda and olive oil. When
Sarsaparilla.
SMILAX SARSAPARILLA.
A species of
Smilax formerly admitted as the source of
the best sarsaparilla, but as this species is
a native of the United States, and as the
drug has never been collected in this
country, it is probable that it was never
obtained from it.
SMOOTH SUMACH. See Sumach.
SMUT. A parasitic fungus, Uredo
segetum, which forms on grain, blast-
ing it.
SMYRNA OPIUM. See Opiums.
SMYRNA SCAMMONY. See Scammonium.
SNAKEHEAD. See Chelone Glabra.
SNAKEROOT, BLACK. See Black
Snakeroot.
good, white castile soap contains about
twenty-one per cent. of water, is of a
pale, grayish-white color, incapable of
giving an oily stain to paper, devoid of
rancid odor or strong alkaline qualities,
and entirely soluble both in water and al-
cohol. It should not feel greasy nor grow
moist, but should become dry by exposure
to the air without exhibiting any saline
efflorescence. Marbled or mottled castile
soap is harder, more alkaline, and more
constant in its composition than the other
variety, and contains about fourteen per
cent. of water. Having less water than
the white castile, it is a stronger and
more economical soap, but at the same
time less pure. The impurity arising from
the veins of the marbling, consisting of
SOA
SOD
1
360
ferruginous matter. Soap made with
animal fat, with the probable addition of
silicate of soda, has been sold for castile
soap.
SOAP CERATE See Ceratum Saponis.
SOAP CERATE PLASTER. See Emplas-
trum Cerati Saponis.
SOAP, COMMON. See Sapo Vulgaris.
SOAP, COMMON YELLOW. (Rosin Soap.)
A soap deriving its peculiarities from an
admixture of rosin and a little palm oil
with the tallow employed.
SOAP, HARD. See Sapo Durus.
SOAP LINIMENT. See Camphorated
Tincture of Soap.
SOAP LINIMENT, CAMPHORATED.
Camphorated Tincture of Soap.
See
SOAP, MARBLED. See Soap, Castile.
SOAP OF GUAIAC. See Sapo Guaiacinus.
SOAP, PALM.
See Palm Soap.
SOAP PLASTER.
ponis.
See Emplastrum Sa-
SOAP, ROSIN. See Soap, Common Yellow.
SOAP, SOFT. See Sapo Mollis.
SOAP, STARKEY'S. A soap prepared by
uniting, by trituration, equal parts of car-
bonate of potassa, oil of turpentine, and
Venice turpentine.
SOAP, TRANSPARENT. A soap prepared
by saponifying kidney fat with soda free
from foreign salts, drying the resulting
soap, dissolving it in alcohol, filtering and
evaporating the solution, and running it
into moulds when sufficiently concentrated.
The soap is yellow or yellowish-brown,
and preserves its transparency after desic-
cation.
SOAP, WINDsor. A scented soda soap,
made of one part of olive oil and nine
parts of tallow.
SOAPSTONE. Saponite; steatite; pot-
stone; a soft, magnesian mineral, usually
gray, white, or yellow.
SOAPWORT.
nalis.
See Saponaria Offici-
SOCOTRINE ALOES. See Aloe Soco-
trina.
bonate of soda when at a certain stage of
purification in its manufacture. It is in
white or gray compact masses, and con-
tains about half its weight of foreign salts,
consisting principally of chloride of so-
dium and sulphate of soda.
SODA BALL. See Black Ash.
SODA BIBORATE, }
SODA BORATE.
See Borax.
SODA, DRY. (Protoxide of Sodium.) A
salt of soda, consisting of one equivalent
of sodium and one of oxygen. United
with one equivalent of water it forms by-
drate of soda or caustic soda.
SODA HYDRATE. See Caustic Soda.
SODA IMPURE. Soda derived from the
ashes of plants growing on the surface or
borders of the sea, and called barilla or
kelp, according to the character of the
plants incinerated.
SODA MURIATE. See Chloride of So-
dium.
SODA NITRATE. See Cubic Nitre.
SODA POWDERS. See Effervescing Pow-
ders.
SODA SOLUTION. See Liquor Soda,
U. S. D.
SODA SOLUTION, CHLORINATED. See
Chloride of Soda Solution.
SODA SULPHATE. See Glauber's Salt.
SODA SULPHITE. (Soda Sulphis.) A
salt prepared by passing sulphurous acid
into a solution of carbonate of soda, and
evaporating out of contact of the air.
The sulphurous acid unites with the soda
of the carbonate to form the sulphite of
soda, and the carbonic acid escapes. After
sufficient concentration, the solution is al-
lowed to cool, and the salt crystallizes. It
consists of one equivalent of soda, one of
sulphurous acid, and three of water, and
has been used in cases of yeasty vomiting
with remarkable success.
SODA TARTARATA. See Potassæ et Soda
Tartras.
SODA TARTRATE. See Soda Tartras.
SODA VALERIANATE. A deliquescent,
very soluble salt, formed by saturating
valerianic acid with caustic soda and
evaporating. It is used chiefly for the
SODA ASH. A name applied to car- purpose of forming by double decomposi-
SODA. The protoxide of the metal
sodium, formerly called, though not ap-
propriately, mineral alkali.
SOD
SOD
361
tion the valerianates of quinia, iron, and fungi, and to have the power of arresting
zinc.
fermentation.
SODA VITRIOLATED.
Salt.
See Glauber's
SODA WASTE. A name applied to the
insoluble impurities occurring in the prep-
aration of artificial soda. It is used in
the manufacture of hyposulphite of soda.
SODA WATER. A name originally ap-
plied to carbonic acid water, when pre-
pared from carbonate of soda. It is now
as a matter of economy prepared from
marble dust, but the name “soda water,"
from habit, is continued.
SODÆ ACETAS. See Acetate of Soda.
SODE ARSENIAS. See Arseniate of
Soda.
SODE BENZOAS. See Benzoate of Soda.
SODE BICARBONAS. See Bicarbonate of
Soda.
SODE BORAS. See Borax.
SODE MURIAS. See Chloride of Sodium.
SODE NITRAS. See Cubic Nitre.
SODE PHOSPHAS. See Phosphates.
SODA POTASSIO-TARTRAS. See Potassæ
et Soda Tartras.
SODE SILICAS. See Silicate of Soda.
SODE SULPHAS. See Glauber's Salt.
SODE SULPHIS. See Soda Sulphite.
SODE TARTRAS. A salt recommended
as an agreeable purgative, almost without
taste, and acting with power equal to that
of the sulphate of magnesia in the dose.
of ten drachms. The Soda Powders form
an extemporaneous tartrate of soda, some-
what aerated with carbonic acid.
SODE VALERIANAS. See Soda Valeri-
anate.
SODA-PYROPHOSPHATE OF
IRON. Pyrophosphate of iron is soluble
SODE CARBONAS. See Carbonate of in pyrophosphate of soda, and if an excess
Suda.
of pyrophosphate of soda is used in the
SODE CARBONAS EXSICCATA. See Car- double decomposition, the ferruginous py-
bonate of Soda, Dried.
SODE CHLORATE LIQUOR,
SODE CHLORINATE LIQUOR.
See Chloride of Soda Solution.
SODE CITRAS. See Citrate of Soda.
SODE CITRO-TARTRAS EFFERVESCENS.
See Effervescent Citro-tartrate of Soda.
rophosphate first thrown down is redis-
solved. This solution is proposed as a
medicine under the name of the Soda-
pyrophosphate of Iron. It is said to be
the only ferruginous preparation which is
not precipitated in the stomach by the
agency of the food or gastric juice.
SODII CHLORIDUM.
of Sodium.
See Chloride
SODII IODIDUM. See Iodide of Sodium.
SODIO-PHOSPHATE OF ZINC. A
compound obtained by melting together
two equivalents of oxide of zinc, and
one equivalent of microcosmic salt. The
melted mass is elutriated with water and
then dried. It forms a snow-white pow-
der which is very sparingly soluble in
SODE ET ARGENTI HYPOSULPHIS.
(Hyposulphite of Soda and Silver.) A
double salt prepared by dissolving freshly
precipitated oxide of silver in a solution
of hyposulphite of soda, and evaporating
the solution. It is in the form of minute
crystals, soluble in water, insoluble in al-
cohol. It acts externally like nitrate of
silver but milder. It has been used with
advantage in urethral discharges.
SODE ET POTASSÆ TARTRAS. See Po- water or acetic acid, but readily in dilute
tassæ et Soda Tartras.
mineral acids. It composition is NaO,
2ZnO,PO5.
SODÆ HYPOSULPHIS. (Hyposulphite of
Soda.) A salt used as a test and for the
formation of the volumetric solution of
hyposulphite of soda, prepared by digest-
ing the solution of sulphite of soda at a
high temperature, but short of ebullition,
with finely divided sulphur. It is said to
have a destructive action on microscopic
SODIUM. (Natrium.) A soft malle-
able metal of a silver-white color forming
the radical of the alkali soda, and obtained
by igniting an intimate mixture of dry
carbonate of soda, coal, and chalk, and by
other means.
SODIUM-AMMONIUM.
A compound
SOD
SOL
362
produced by the absorption of gaseous
ammonia by sodium.
SODIUM TEROXIDE. Sodium combines
with a larger proportion of oxygen than
exists in soda, forming a teroxide. This
oxide is always formed when the metal is
burnt in the open air.
SOFT CEMENT. A cement made of
yellow wax melted with half its weight
of turpentine, and colored with a little
venetian red; used for fastening metals or
wood to glass, and for rendering joints
impervious to water.
SOFT SOAP. See Sapo Mollis.
SOFT WATER. A water which con-
tains but inconsiderable impurities, and
which, when used in washing, forms a
lather with soap.
SOLANUM DULCAMARA. See Bitter
Sweet.
SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM. The com-
mon well-known tomato plant, the fruit
of which is so much used as a vegetable
at the table. The fruit is nutritive, laxa-
tive, and antiscorbutic, and was formerly
considered poisonous.
SOLANUM NIGRUM. (Black Nightshade,
Common Garden Nightshade.) An annual
plant from one to two feet high, of which
there are numerous varieties, one of
which is a native of this country. The
leaves are said to produce diaphoresis,
diuresis, and moderate purging, and in
large doses nausea and giddiness. The
poisonous properties ascribed to it are
doubted.
SOLANUM PANICULATUM.
SOFT-SHELLED ALMONDS. The
fruit of a variety of Amygdalis (commu- beba.
nis) fragilis.
SOLANACEÆ,
SOLANUM PSEUDOCAPSICUM.
An order of plants|rusalem Cherry.
SOLANEÆ.} including the genera
Solanum, Datura, Atropa, Nicotiana,
Latua, and Cyphomandra.
SOLANIA, A peculiar alkaline
SOLANIN. principle in the form of
a white opaque powder, or of delicate acic-
ular crystals, somewhat like those of sul-
phate of quinia, though finer and shorter.
It was originally obtained from the berries
of Solanum nigrum, and subsequently from
the stalks, leaves, and berries of Solanum
dulcamara and Solanum tuberosum. It is
most conveniently obtained from the
sprouts of the common potato. It is ino-
dorous, of a bitter taste, soluble in alcohol
and ether, and capable of neutralizing the
acids. When boiled with sulphuric or
muriatic acid it is resolved into grape
sugar, and a much stronger alkaloid,
called solanidin or solanidia, which forms
crystallizable salts.
SOLANIC ACID. An acid identical
with malic acid.
SOLANIDIA, Į
SOLANIDIN.
}
See Solania.
SOLANUM BACCIFERUM. A spe-
cies of Solanum the fruit of which, called
Susumber berries, is said to be poisonous.
See Juru-
See Je-
SOLANUM TUBEROSUM. See Potato.
SOLIDAGO,
SOLIDAGO ODORA.
See Golden
}
Rod.
SOLOMON'S SEAL. See Convallaria
Polygonatum.
SOLUBLE. Susceptible of being dis-
solved in a fluid.
Soluble Glass. See Silicate of Soda.
SOLUBLE IODIDE OF STARCH. Iodide
of starch made soluble by heating it in an
enamelled pan, over a very gentle fire,
with constant agitation. The heat must
be removed when a pungent odor is
emitted.
SOLUBLE MERCURY, HAHNEMANN'S.
This is prepared by adding, drop by drop,
a dilute solution of ammonia to an equally
dilute solution of nitrate of protoxide of
mercury, until the precipitate begins to
be paler than at first. It is a black pow-
der, and is chemically an ammoniated ni-
trate of protoxide of mercury. When it
has a gray color, too much ammonia has
been used in its precipitation. It has been
employed in syphilitic diseases.
SOLUBLE PRUSSIAN BLUE. A prepa-
ration for injecting anatomical prepara-
tions. To obtain it, a great excess of the
yellow prussiate of potassa in concentrated
SOL
SOL
363
solution is necessary. The iron should SILVER. (A qualitative test.)
be in the state of a sesquichloride, in the
proportion of not more than one-eighth
or one-tenth of the prussiate employed.
After their mixture, the precipitate is
washed with water till it begins to assume
a blue color, when it is expressed and
dried in the air.
SOLUBLE TARTAR. Sec Potassæ Tar-
tras.
SOLUTIO SOLVENTIS MINER-
ALIS. See Arsenical Solution, De Valan-
gin's.
Dissolve
two drachms (avoirdupois) of nitrate of
silver, in crystals, in eight fluid ounces of
distilled water, and to the solution add
half a fluid ounce of solution of ammonia,
until the precipitate first formed is nearly
dissolved. Filter and add distilled water,
so that the bulk may be ten fluid ounces.
SOLUTION OF AMMONIO-SULPHATE OF
COPPER. (A qualitative test.) Dissolve
half an ounce (avoirdupois) of sulphate of
copper, in crystals, in eight fluid ounces
of distilled water, and to the solution add
SOLUTION. The state of being dis- solution of ammonia until the precipitate
solved or in solution.
SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF AMMONIA.
See Liquor Ammoniae Acetatis.
first formed is nearly dissolved. Filter,
and then add distilled water, so that the
bulk may be ten fluid ounces.
SOLUTION OF AMMONIO-SULPHATE OF
SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF COPPER.
(A qualitative test.) Dilute an ounce of MAGNESIA. (A qualitative test.) Dissolve
acetic acid (imperial measure) with half an ounce (avoirdupois) of sulphate of mag-
an ounce of distilled water (imperial meas-nesia and half an ounce of muriate of ammo-
ure). Digest half an ounce (avoirdupois) nia, in eight fluid ounces of distilled water,
of commercial subacetate of copper in the and to the solution add half a fluid ounce
mixture, at a temperature not exceeding of solution of ammonia, and as much dis-
212°, with repeated stirring, and con- tilled water as will make up the bulk to
tinue the heat until a dry residue is ob- ten fluid ounces, and filter.
tained. Digest in four fluid ounces of
boiling distilled water, and by addition
of more of the water, make up the solu-
tion to five fluid ounces, and filter it.
SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF MORPHIA.
See Liquor Morphic Acetatis.
SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF POTASSA.
(A qualitative test.) Dissolve half an
ounce (avoirdupois) of acetate of potassa
in five fluid ounces of distilled water, and
filter.
SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF SODA. (A
qualitative test.) Dissolve half an ounce
(avoirdupois) of acetate of soda in five
fluid ounces of distilled water, and filter.
SOLUTION OF ALBUMEN. (A qualita-
tive test.) Mix by trituration in a mortar,
the white of one egg and four fluid ounces
of distilled water, and filter through clean
tow, previously moistened with distilled
water. The solution should be prepared
when wanted.
SOLUTION OF ARSENIATE OF POTASSA.
See Fowler's Solution.
SOLUTION OF ARSENIATE OF SODA.
See Liquor Soda Arseniatis.
SOLUTION OF ARSENIC, HYDROCHLORIC.
See Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus.
SOLUTION OF ATROPIA. See Liquor
Atropiæ.
SOLUTION OF BORACIC ACID. (A quali-
tative test.) Dissolve fifty grains of bo-
racic acid in one fluid ounce of rectified
spirit, and filter.
SOLUTION OF BROMINE. (A qualitative
test.) Upon ten minims of bromine, in a
bottle furnished with an accurately-fitting
glass stopper, pour five fluid ounces of
distilled water, and shake several times.
Keep the solution excluded from the light.
SOLUTION OF CARBONATE OF AMMONIA.
(A qualitative test.) Dissolve half an
ounce (avoirdupois) of carbonate of am-
monia in ten fluid ounces of distilled
SOLUTION OF ΑΜΜΟΝΙΑ. See Am- water.
monia Solution.
SOLUTION OF CARBONATE OF MAG-
SOLUTION OF AMMONIO-NITRATE OF NESIA. See Fluid Magnesia, U. S. D.
SOL
SOL
364
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF AMMO-
NIUM. (Solution of Hydrochlorate of Am-
monia.) (A qualitative test.) Dissolve one
ounce (avoirdupois) of chloride of ammo-
nium in ten fluid ounces of distilled water,
and filter.
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY.
See Liquor Antimonii Chloridi.
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF ARSENIC.
See Arsenical Solution, De Valangin's.
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF BARIUM.
See Liquor Barii Chloridi.
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM.
See Chlorides.
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM,
SATURATED. (A qualitative test.) Dis-
solve four ounces (avoirdupois) of chloride
of calcium in five fluid ounces of distilled
water, and filter.
(A
Take of fine gold, re-
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF GOLD
qualitative test.)
together with the undissolved tin, to a
bottle with an accurately ground stopper.
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF ZINC. See
Chlorides.
SOLUTION OF CHLORINATED LIME. See
Liquor Calcis Chloratæ.
SOLUTION OF CHLORINATED MAGNE-
SIA. See Chlorinated Solution of Magnesia.
SOLUTION OF CHLORINATED SODA. See
Chloride of Soda Solution.
SOLUTION OF CHLORINE.
Chlorinii.
See Aqua
SOLUTION OF CITRATE OF AMMONIA.
See Liquor Ammonia Citratis.
SOLUTION OF CITRATE OF IRON. See
Liquor Ferri Citratis.
SOLUTION OF CITRATE OF MAGNESIA.
See Citrates.
SOLUTION OF CITRATE OF POTASSA.
See Citrate of Potassa Mixture.
SOLUTION OF FERRIDCYANIDE OF PO-
Dissolve
duced by a rolling machine to a thin TASSIUM. (Solution of Red Prussiate of
lamina, sixty grains; nitric acid, one fluid Potash.) (A qualitative test.)
|
ounce and a half (imperial measure); hy-two drachms (avoirdupois) of crystallized
drochloric acid, seven fluid ounces (imperial | red prussiate of potash in five fluid ounces
measure); distilled water a sufficiency. of distilled water, and filter.
SOLUTION OF FERROCYANIDE OF Po-
TASSIUM. (Solution of Yellow Prussiate
of Potash.) (A qualitative test.) Dissolve
two drachms (avoirdupois) of crystallized
ounces of distilled water, and filter.
Place the gold in a flask with the nitric
acid and six fluid ounces of the hydro-
chloric acid, first mixed with four fluid
ounces of the water, and digest until it is
dissolved. Add to the solution the addi-yellow prussiate of potash in five fluid
tional fluid ounce of hydrochloric acid,
evaporate at a heat not exceeding 212°,
until acid vapors cease to be given off, and
dissolve the chloride of gold thus obtained
in five fluid ounces of distilled water. The
solution should be kept in a stoppered
bottle.
SOLUTION OF GELATIN. (A qualitative
test.) Mix fifty grains of isinglass in
shreds with five fluid ounces of warın
distilled water, and digest for half an hour
on a water-bath with repeated shaking, and
filter through clean tow moistened with
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF POTASSA. | distilled water.
See Chlorides.
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF SODA. See Liquor Gutta-Percha.
Chlorides.
SOLUTION OF GUTTA-PERCHA.
See
SOLUTION OF HYDRIODATE OF ARSENIC
AND MERCURY. See Donovan's Solution.
SOLUTION OF HYDROCHLORATE OF AM-
MONIA. (A qualitative test.) See Solution
of Chloride of Ammonium.
OF
SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF TIN. (A
qualitative test.) Dilute three fluid ounces
of hydrochloric acid in a flask with a
fluid ounce of distilled water, and having
added an avoirdupois ounce of granulated
tin, apply a moderate heat until gas ceases
to be evolved. Add as much distilled
water as will make up the bulk to five SOLUTION OF HYDROSULPHATE OF AM-
fluid ounces and transfer the solution, | MONIA. See Ammonia Hydrosulphate.
SOLUTION OF HYDROCHLORATE
MORPHIA. See Liquor Morphiœ Hydro-
chloratis.
SOL
SOL
365
SOLUTION OF IODATE OF POTASSA. (A | STRONG.
qualitative test.) Take of iodine, chlorate Fortior.
of potash, each fifty grains; nitric acid,
eight minims; distilled water, ten fluid
ounces and a half. Rub the iodine and
chlorate of potash together to a fine pow-
der; place the mixture in a Florence flask,
and having poured upon it half a fluid
ounce of the water acidulated with the
nitric acid, digest at a gentle heat until
the color of the iodine disappears. Boil
for one minute, then transfer the contents
of the flask to a capsule, and evaporate to
perfect dryness at 2120. Finally dissolve
the residue in the remaining ten fluid
ounces of distilled water; filter the solu-
tion, and keep it in a stoppered bottle.
SOLUTION OF IODIDE OF ARSENIC AND
MERCURY. See Donovan's Solution.
SOLUTION OF IODIDE OF IRON.
Ferri Iodidi Syrupus.
See Liquor Ferri Perchloridi
SOLUTION OF PERCHLORIDE OF PLA-
TINUM, (A qualitative test.) Take of
thin platinum foil, a quarter of an ounce
(avoirdupois); nitric acid, hydrochloric
acid, each, a sufficiency; distilled water,
seven fluid ounces. Mix a fluid ounce of
the nitric acid with four fluid ounces of
the hydrochloric acid and two fluid ounces
of the water. Pour the mixture into a
small flask containing the platinum, and
digest at a gentle heat, adding more of
the acids mixed in the same proportions,
should this be necessary, until the metal
is dissolved. Transfer the solution to a
porcelain capsule, add to it a fluid drachm
of hydrochloric acid, and evaporate on a
water-bath until acid vapors cease to be
See given off. Let the residue be dissolved in
the remaining five fluid ounces of distilled
water. Filter and preserve in a stoppered
bottle.
SOLUTION OF IODIDE OF POTASSIUM.
(A qualitative test.) Dissolve one avoirdu-
pois ounce of iodide of potassium in ten
fluid ounces of distilled water, and filter.
SOLUTION OF IODINE,
SOLUTION OF IODINE, COMPOUND.
}
See Compound Solution of Iodine.
SOLUTION OF LIME. See Lime- Water.
SOLUTION OF LIME, SACCHARATED. See
Liquor Calcis Saccharatus.
SOLUTION OF LITHIA, EFFERVESCING
See Effervescing Solution of Lithia.
SOLUTION OF MURIATE OF BARYTA.
See Liquor Barii Chloridi.
SOLUTION OF MURIATE OF LIME. See
Chloride of Calcium Solution.
SOLUTION OF MURIATE OF MORPHIA.
See Liquor Morphic Hydrochloratis.
SOLUTION OF NITRATE OF IRON. See
Ferri Nitratis Liquor.
SOLUTION OF PERMANGANATE OF Po-
TASSA. See Liquor Potassa Permanga-
natis.
SOLUTION OF PERNITRATE OF IRON.
See Ferri Nitratis Liquor.
SOLUTION OF PERSULPHATE OF IRON.
See Liquor Ferri Persulphatis.
SOLUTION OF PHOSPHATE OF SODA.
(A qualitative test.)
A qualitative test.) Dissolve one avoir-
dupois ounce of crystallized phosphate of
soda in ten fluid ounces of distilled water,
and filter.
SOLUTION OF POTASH, EFFERVESCING.
See Effervescing Solutions.
SOLUTION OF POTASSA. See Liquor
Potassa.
SOLUTION OF RED PRUSSIATE OF POT-
ASH. See Solution of Ferridcyanide of
SOLUTION OF NITRATE OF MERCURY. | Potassium.
See Acid Nitrate of Mercury.
SOLUTION OF OXALATE OF AMMONIA.
(A qualitative test.) Dissolve half an
ounce (avoirdupois) of oxalate of ammo-
nia in a pint (imperial measure) of warm
distilled water, and filter.
SOLUTION OF PERCHLORIDE OF IRON.
See Ferri Perchloridi Liquor.
SOLUTION OF PERCHLORIDE OF IRON,
SOLUTION OF SODA. See Liquor Sodæ,
U. S. D.
SOLUTION OF SODA, EFFERVESCING.
See Effervescing Solutions.
SOLUTION OF STRYCHNIA. See Liquor
Strychniæ.
SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE OF LEAD.
See Lead, Solution of Subacetate.
SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE OF LEAD,
SOL
SOR
366
DILUTED. See Diluted Solution of Subace- | (avoirdupois) of crystallized tartaric acid
tate of Lead.
in eight fluid ounces of distilled water,
SOLUTION OF SUBSULPHATE OF IRON. add two fluid ounces of rectified spirit,
See Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis.
and keep the solution in a stoppered
bottle. The spirit is added to preserve
the solution.
SOLUTION OF SULPHATE OF ATROPIA.
See Liquor Atropiæ Sulphatis.
SOLUTION OF TERCHLORIDE OF ANTI-
MONY. See Liquor Antimonii Chloridi.
SOLUTION OF TERNITRATE OF SESQUI-
OXIDE OF IRON. See Ferri Nitratis
Liquor.
SOLUTION OF SULPHATE OF INDIGO.
(A qualitative test) Take of indigo, dry
and in fine powder, five grains; sulphuric
acid, ten fluid ounces. Mix the indigo
with a fluid drachm of the acid in a small
test-tube, and apply the heat of a water-
bath for an hour. Pour the blue liquid
into the remainder of the acid, agitate
the mixture, and, when the undissolved POTASH. See Solution of Ferrocyanide of
indigo has subsided, decant the clear liquid | Potassium.
into a stoppered bottle.
SOLUTION OF SULPHATE OF IRON. (A
qualitative test.) Dissolve ten grains of
granulated sulphate of iron in one fluid
ounce of boiling distilled water, and filter.
This solution should be prepared when
wanted for use.
(A
SOLUTION OF SULPHATE OF LIME.
qualitative test.) Take of plaster of Paris,
a quarter of an ounce (avoirdupois); dis-
tilled water, one pint (imperial measure);
rub the plaster of Paris in a porcelain
mortar for a few minutes with two fluid
ounces of the water; introduce the mix-
ture thus obtained into a pint bottle (im-
perial measure) containing the rest of the
water; shake well several times, and al-
low the undissolved sulphate to subside.
When this has occurred, filter.
SOLUTION OF SULPHATE OF MORPHIA.
See Liquor Morphiæ Sulphatis.
SOLUTION OF SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM.
See Ammonia Hydrosulphate.
SOLUTION OF SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM.
(A qualitative test.) Take of solution of
ammonia, five fluid ounces; put three fluid
ounces of the ammonia into a bottle, and
conduct into this a stream of sulphuretted
hydrogen so long as this gas continues to
be absorbed; then add the remainder of
the ammonia, and transfer the solution to
a green glass bottle furnished with a well-
ground stopper.
SOLUTION OF TARTARIC ACID. (A
qualitative test.)
Dissolve one ounce
SOLUTION OF TERSULPHATE OF IRON.
See Liquor Ferri Persulphatis.
SOLUTION OF YELLOW PRUSSIATE OF
SOLUTIONS. See Liquores.
SOLVENTS. Remedies which pro-
mote the solution of indigestible matters
in the stomach. In pharmacy it is ap-
plied to all liquors used as dissolvents, or
to extract the virtues of ingredients by
infusion, decoction, &c., &c.
SOLVENTS FOR PHOSPHORUS. Almond
oil and cacao butter are considered the
best solvents for phosphorus for internal
administration.
SOMNIFIC. Causing sleep; tending
to induce sleep.
SOORMA. A preparation of antimony
with which Indian women anoint their
eyelids.
SOOT. See Fuligo Ligni.
SOPHORA TINCTORIA. A synonymn
of Baptisia tinctoria.
SOPORIFICS. Medicines which in-
duce sopor or profound sleep, like that of
a person intoxicated or fatigued.
SORBEFACIENT. A medicine which
produces absorption.
SORBIC ACID. An acid obtained
from the berries of the Sorbus or Pinus
acuparia, or mountain ash. It appears to
be identical with pure malic acid.
SORBITE, The sugar of the berries
SORBIN. of the Sorbus acuparia. It
}
is in perfectly transparent crystals, hav-
ing the same taste as cane sugar, but is
not susceptible of fermentation.
SORBUS AMERICANA. An Amer-
ican species of Sorbus, possessing proper-
SOR
SPA
367
ties similar to those of Sorbus acuparia or | ing principle obtained from litmus, in-
mountain ash.
SORBUS ACUPARIA. (Mountain Ash.)
SORBUS HYBRIDA,
SORBUS TORMINALIS.
Species of Sorbus in which amygdalin is
extensively diffused.
SOREL'S CEMENT. A new cement
described by M. Sorel. It is a hydrated
basic oxychloride of magnesium, and is
prepared by mixing magnesia with a so-
lution of chloride of magnesium. The
cement is harder in proportion to the
greater density of the solution. It is very
white, and becomes very hard, and may
be moulded like plaster. Objects may be
made with it having the color and hard-
ness of marble.
SORGHUM,
CHARATUM.}
soluble in alcohol and ether.
SPANISH BARILLA. See Barilla.
SPANISH BLACK. A black pigment
obtained by charring cork.
SPANISH BROOM. (Spartium Junceum.)
A small shrub, indigenous in the south of
Europe, and cultivated in our gardens as
an ornamental plant The flowers are
large, yellow, and of an agreeable odor.
The seeds are, in moderate doses, diuretic
and tonic, in large doses emetic and cathar-
tic, and have been used advantageously
in dropsy. The dose is from ten to fifteen
grains three times a day.
SPANISH BROWN. A substance ranking
in the ochre class of pigments.
SPANISH CHALK. A variety of soap-
stone.
SPANISH FERSETO.
A rich reddish-
brown obtained by calcining copper and
sulphur together in closed crucibles.
SPANISH FLIES. See Cantharides.
SPANISH NEEDLES. See Bidens Bipi-
SORGHUM SACCHARATUM.
(Chinese Sugar Cane.) A valuable plant
indigenous in India, China, and other
parts of the East, has within a few years
been introduced into Europe and this
country. The stem abounds in juice, | nata.
which becomes more and more saccharine
with the growth of the plant. It is used
chiefly at present in the preparation of
molasses.
SORREL. The common name of sev-
eral species of Rumex which have sour
leaves.
SPANISH OAK. See Quercus Falcata.
SPANISH RED. An ochreous red, re-
sembling Venetian red, but slightly yel-
lower and warmer.
SPANISH SOAP. See Soap, Castile.
SPANISH WHITE. An impalpable pow-
der prepared from chalk by pulverizing
SORREL-TREE. See Andromeda Ar- and repeated washings.
borea.
SOUTH AMERICAN KINO. See
Caraccas Kino.
SOUTHERN WOOD. See Artemisia
Abrotanum.
SOUTHERNWOOD, TARTARIAN. See Ar-
temisia Santonica.
SOWBREAD. See Cyclamen Europæ-
um.
SPA WATER. A carbonated mineral
water, a wine pint of which contains-
13 cubic inches of carbonic acid.
1.5 grains carbonate of soda.
4.5 (C
1.5
(C
magnesia.
lime.
0.2
chloride of sodium.
0.6
(( oxide of iron.
SPARTEIN. The narcotic principle
of the flowers of Cytisus scoparius or broom
plant, obtained by distillation from the
mother-waters of the scoparin or the diu-
retic principle of the same.
SPARTIUM JUNCEUM. See Span-
ish Broom.
SPARTIUM SCOPARIUM. A synonym of
Cytisus scoparius.
SPATULA.
A thin, broad-bladed
knife, used for various purposes.
SPAVIN. A swelling in or near some
of the joints of a horse, by which lameness
is produced.
Blood or Bog Spavin is a distension of
one of the small mucous sacs on the inside
SPANIOLITMIN. A light red color- of the hock, occasioned by the checking of
SPE
SPE
368
the free course of the blood through the The instrument commonly used by the
subcutaneous vein of the hock.
pharmacist for ascertaining this is
Bone Spavin is a diseased condition of Baumé's hydrometer. The specific grav-
certain bones of the hock, in which the car-ity of solids is ascertained by first weigh-
tilaginous substance which unites them to ing them in air and then in water, and
the shank bone becomes bony, causing a dividing their former weight by the dif-
considerable enlargement of the parts, and ference between the two. If a solid is
attended by lameness.
lighter than water it should first be weigh-
ed in the air, then in air and in water,
in connection with a heavier body, which
has itself been previously weighed in air
and in water; and the weight of the lighter
body in the air should be divided by the
excess of the difference between the
SPEARMINT. See Mentha Viridis.
SPEARMINT WATER. See Aqua Menthæ
Viridis.
SPECIES. A simple; a component
part of a compound medicine. A perma-
nent class of existing things, associated
according to attributes or qualities, which | weights in air and water of the two con-
are determined by scientific observation. joined, over that of the weights in air and
SPECIES AD DECOCTUM LIGNORUM. water of the heavier body alone. If the
Guaiac wood, rasped, four parts; burdock body be soluble in water, its relative weight
root, cut, two parts; licorice root, cut, to that of some other known liquid of known
one part; sassafras wood, cut, one part. specific gravity should be ascertained, in
the manner above described, and this
weight multiplied by the specific gravity
of that liquid.
Mix.
SPECIES .AD INFUSUM PECTORALE.
Marshmallow root, cut, eight parts; lic-
orice root, cut, three parts; orris root,
cut, one part; coltsfoot leaves, cut, four
parts; mullein flowers, two parts; star
anise, two parts. Mix.
SPECIES AROMATICE. Spearmint, four
parts; balm, four parts; lavender flowers,
two parts; cloves, one part. Cut fine and
mix.
SPECIES LAXANTES ST. GERMAIN,
Senna leaves, exhausted by alcohol, six-
teen parts; elder flowers, ten parts; fen-
nel seeds, five parts; aniseed, five parts.
Cut and bruise, mix well, and on dispens-
ing, add bitartrate of potassa, three parts.
SPECIFIC. A remedy which exerts
a special action in the prevention or cure
of a disease; an infallible remedy, or one
supposed to be infallible.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY BOTTLE. Since the
hydrometers commonly imported into
this country are so carelessly made that
scarcely any two agree, little dependence
can be placed on their accuracy. Hence,
a more certain method consists in weigh-
ing the liquid at a uniform temperature
in a bottle, the capacity of which in grains
of distilled water has been previously as-
certained. If a bottle be selected which
will hold exactly 1000 grains of water at
60°, the weight in grains of the quantity
of any liquid which it will hold, will be
the specific gravity of that liquid.
SPECULUM. An instrument for di-
lating certain passages of the body, and
throwing the light within them, thus fa-
cilitating their examination or surgical
operations.
SPEEDIMAN'S PILLS. Pills com-
posed of aloes, myrrh, rhubarb, extract of
chamomile, and essential oil of chamo-
mile.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY. The ratio of the
weight of a body to the weight of an equal
volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually
water for solids and liquids, and air for
gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of
gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for SPEEDWELL. (Veronica Officinalis.)
bulk, gold is nineteen times heavier than A species of Veronica growing in Europe
water. The specific gravity of liquids af- and this country, formerly considered dia-
fords one of the best tests of their purity.phoretic, diuretic, expectorant, tonic, &c.
,
SPE
SPI
369
SPEISS. The impure arseniuret of
nickel.
SPELTER. A name for commercial
zinc.
SPERMACETI. See Cetaceum.
SPERMACETI CERATE. See Cerates.
SPERMACETI OINTMENT. See Unguen-
tum Cetacei.
SPERM OIL. Oil obtained from the
spermaceti whale.
SPHACELIA SEGETUM. A name
given to a parasitic fungus which, it is
supposed by its influence on rye, diseases
the seed, entirely perverting its nature,
and thereby constituting ergot.
SPHÆRIA. A name given to a genus
of fungous plants.
SPHÆROCOCCUS CRISPUS.
synonym of Chondrus crispus.
A
SPHENOID. Wedge-shaped.
SPHEROID. Nearly round.
SPICE. Any fragrant or aromatic
vegetable production.
SPICE BUSH,
See Benzoin Odorif-
SPICE WOOD. Ì erum.
SPICE PLASTERS. A name given to a
mixture of aromatic powders in the form
of a cataplasm, much used as a mild rube-
facient in nausea and vomiting, applied
over the abdomen.
SPICED SYRUP OF RHUBARB.
See Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb.
SPICULA. A pointed, fleshy append-
age, somewhat like a spike.
SPIDER'S WEB. See Cobweb.
SPIGELIA. (Pinkroot.) The root of
Spigelia Marilandica or Carolina Pink, an
herbaceous plant, native of our Southern
and Southwestern States, growing in rich
soils on the borders of woods. The root
is much employed, both in this country
and Europe, as an anthelmintic.
SPIGELIA ANTHELMIA. A species of
Spigelia growing in the West Indies and
South America, possessing properties simi-
lar to those of the Spigelia Marilandica.
SPIGELIA MARILANDICA. See Spigelia.
SPIKE-LAVENDER. A shrubby
species of lavender, native of Europe.
SPIKENARD. See Nard.
SPIKENARD, AMERICAN. See American
Spikenard.
SPIKENARD, SMALL. See Aralia Nudi-
caulis.
SPINDLETREE.
Wahoo tree.
SPIREA,
A name for the
SPIREA TOMENTOSA,
SPIREA ULMARIA.
See
Hardhack
SPIREA LOBATA. A species of Spiræa,
in the roots and stems of which the oil of
gaultheria is supposed to exist, the pecu-
liar flavor of which they possess.
SPIRIT OF AMMONIA.
monia Spirit.
See Am-
SPIRIT OF AMMONIA, AROMATIC.
Ammonia Aromatic Spirit.
See
SPIRIT OF AMMONIA, FETID. See Am-
monia, Fetid Spirit of.
SPIRIT OF ANISE. See Essence of Anise.
SPIRIT OF CAJUPUT. (Spiritus Caju-
puti.) Dissolve one fluid ounce of oil of
cajuput in forty-nine fluid ounces of rec-
tified spirit.
SPIRIT OF CAMPHOR. (Spiritus Cam-
phora, Tinctura Camphora, Tincture of
Camphor.) Dissolve four troy ounces of
camphor in two pints of alcohol, and filter
through paper.
SPIRIT OF CHLOROFORM. (Spiritus Chlo-
roformi.) Dissolve a troy ounce of puri-
fied chloroform in six fluid ounces of
stronger alcohol.
SPIRIT OF CINNAMON. (Spiritus Cin-
namomi.) Dissolve a fluid ounce of oil
of cinnamon in fifteen fluid ounces of
stronger alcohol.
SPIRIT OF ETHER. (Spiritus Etheris.)
Mix ten fluid ounces of ether with one
pint of rectified spirit (imperial measure).
It is merely ether diluted with twice its
volume of alcohol.
SPIRIT OF ETHER, COMPOund. See
Compound Spirit of Ether.
SPIRIT OF FRENCH WINE. See Brandy.
SPIRIT OF HARTSHORN. A name for-
merly applied to an impure solution of
carbonate of ammonia obtained by the
destructive distillation of hartshorn shav-
ings. The name has been applied also to
24
SPI
SPI
370
similar ammoniacal solutions from other
sources.
SPIRIT OF HORSERADISH, COMPOUND.
See Compound Spirit of Horseradish.
SPIRIT OF JUNIPER. (Spiritus Juni-
peri.) Dissolve one fluid ounce of oil of
juniper in forty-nine fluid ounces of rec-
tified spirit. Used chiefly as an addition
to diuretic infusions.
SPIRIT OF JUNIPER, COMPOUND. See
Compounds.
SPIRIT OF LAVENDER. (Spiritus Laven-
dulæ.) Dissolve one fluid ounce of oil of
lavender in forty-nine fluid ounces of rec-
tified spirit.
SPIRIT OF SEA-SALT. (Muriatic Acid.)
A concentrated solution of muriatic acid
gas in water.
SPIRIT OF SPEARMINT,
See Essences.
SPIRIT OF TURPENTINE. A common
name for oil of turpentine.
SPIRIT OF WINE. Alcohol.
SPIRIT, PROOF. See Proof Spirit.
SPIRIT, PYROACETIC. See Acetone.
SPIRIT, PYROXYLIC. See Alcohol, Me-
thylic.
SPIRIT, RECTIFIED. See Alcohol.
SPIRITS. (Spiritus.) Alcoholic solu-
tions of volatile principles, formerly in
general procured by distillation, but now
SPIRIT OF LAVEnder, CompounD. See frequently prepared by simply dissolving
Compounds.
SPIRIT OF LEMON. See Essences.
SPIRIT OF MINDERERUS. See Liquor
Ammonia Acetatis.
SPIRIT OF MUSTARD. A spirit prepared
by macerating for two hours 250 parts of
powdered black mustard with 500 parts
of cold water, then adding 120 parts of
alcohol of 86 per cent., and distilling over
120 parts of spirit.
SPIRIT OF MYRCIA. See Bay Rum.
SPIRIT OF NITRE. Nitric acid.
SPIRIT OF NITROUS ETHER. (Spiritus
Ætheris Nitrosi, Spiritus Ætheris Nitrici,
Spiritus Nitri Dulcis, Sweet Spirit of Ni-
tre.) A mixture of nitrous ether, in vari-
able proportions, and alcohol. Nitrous
ether is always generated by the reaction
of nitric acid with alcohol; and it matters
not whether the alcohol be mixed with
nitric acid directly, or with the materials
for generating it, namely, nitre and sul-
phuric acid. It has the specific gravity
of 0.837, and contains from four to five
per cent. of its peculiar ether. It is dia-
phoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic.
SPIRIT OF NUTMEG (Spiritus Myristicœ.) |
Mix two troy ounces of bruised nutmeg
with eight pints of diluted alcohol and
one pint of water, and distil eight pints.
SPIRIT OF PEPPERMINT. See Essences.
SPIRIT OF ROSEMARY. (Spiritus Ros-
marini.) Dissolve one fluid ounce of oil
of rosemary in forty-nine fluid ounces of
rectified spirit.
the volatile principle in alcohol or diluted
alcohol.
SPIRITUS. See Spirits.
SPIRITUS ETHERIS NITRIC Spirit of
SPIRITUS ÆTHERIS NITROSI. Spiritof
Nitrous Ether.
SPIRITUS ARMORACIE COMPOSITUS.
See Compound Spirit of Horseradish.
SPIRITUS FRUMENTI. (Whisky.) Spirit
obtained from fermented grain by distil-
lation, and containing from forty-eight to
fifty-six per cent. of absolute alcohol. It
should be free from disagreeable odor, and
not less than two years old.
SPIRITUS MENTHA PIPERITE. See
Essence of Peppermint.
SPIRITUS MINDERERI.
Ammonia Acetatis.
See Liquor
SPIRITUS MYRCIA. See Bay Rum.
SPIRITUS NITRI DULCIS. See Spirit
of Nitrous Ether.
SPIRITUS PYROXYLICUS RECTIFICATUS.
See Alcohol, Methylic.
SPIRITUS RECTIFICATUS. See Alcohol..
SPIRITUS SALIS DULCIS. (Spiritus
Etheris Chloridi.) A colorless neutral
spirit, composition not definitely known,
used, like similar compounds of alcohol
and its derivatives, as refrigerant, diuretic,
and diaphoretic.
SPIRITUS TENUIOR. Diluted alcohol.
SPIRITUS VINI GALLICI. See Brandy.
SPIROL. Carbolic acid.
SPIROUS ACID. See Salicylous Acid.
SPISSITUDE. Thickness of soft sub-
SPL
STA
371
stances; the denseness or compactness
which belongs to substances not perfectly American Ipecacuanha.
liquid nor perfectly solid.
SPURGE, IPECACUANHA. See
SPURGE, LARGE FLOWERING. See Eu-
SPLEENWORT, BLACK. See Asple-phorbia Corollata.
nium Adiantum Nigrum.
SPURGE, LAUREL. See Daphne Lau-
SPLEENWORT, COMMON. See Asplenium | reola.
Trichomanes.
SPODUMENE. A mineral in which
the alkali lithia has been found.
SPONDIAS DULCIS. A plant called
Vi by the Australians, abounding in Poly-
nesia. It bears an edible fruit of about
the size of a goose egg, possessing a sweet
and pleasant pulp. The peel has a tere-
binthinate taste. The wood is valued for
building boats. The plant belongs to the
Terebinthaceæ.
SPONGE. (Spongia.) The sponge is
now generally admitted to be an animal.
More than two hundred and fifty species
have been described by naturalists. They
inhabit the bottom of the sea, where they
are fixed to rocks or other solid bodies,
and are most abundant within the tropics.
They are collected chiefly in the Mediter-
ranean and Red Seas, and in those of the
East and West Indies.
SPONGE TENT. A form of sponge em-
ployed for dilating sinuses. It is prepared
by dipping sponge into melted wax, com-
pressing it between two flat surfaces till
the wax hardens, and then cutting it into
pieces of the proper form and size.
SPONGIA. See Sponge.
SPONGIA USTA. See Burnt Sponge.
SPOTTED WINTERGREEN.
Chimaphila Maculata.
See
SPRING-WATER. See Aqua Fontana
SPRITZ. An instrument constructed
for the purpose of washing chemical sub-
stances.
SPRUCE BEER. Take of essence of
spruce, half a pint; pimento, bruised, gin-
ger, bruised, hops, each, four ounces; wa-
ter, three gallons. Boil for five or ten
minutes, then strain, and add, of warm
water, eleven gallons; yeast, a pint; mo-
lasses, six pints. Mix, and allow the
mixture to ferment twenty-four hours.
SPRUCE ESSENCE. See Essences.
SPUNK. See Agaric.
SPURRED RYE. See Ergot.
SQUILL,
SQUILLA MARITIMA. } See Scilla.
SQUIRTING CUCUMBER. See
Ecbalium Agreste.
STAFF-TREE, CLIMBING. See Ce-
lastrus Scandens.
STAINS ON SILK. To restore the
violet color to silk, which has been ex-
tracted by acid juice, brush the portions
of fabric with tincture of iodine, then,
after a few seconds, saturate well the spot
with a solution of hyposulphite of soda
and dry gradually, when the color will be
perfectly restored.
STALAGMITIS CAMBOGIOIDES.
A tree growing in Ceylon and Siam, which
was formerly ascribed as the source of
gam boge.
STAMEN. The male organ of flowers
for secreting and furnishing the pollen or
fecundating dust. It consists of the anther
or fertilizing part, borne on a stem called
a filament.
STANDARD. Having a fixed or per-
manent value. Standard solutions are so-
lutions of chemical reagents of known
strength used in chemical analysis.
STANNI PULVIS. See Powder of
Tin.
STANNIC ACID. An acid prepared
by decomposing bichloride of tin with
water. It is soluble in nitric acid and
dilute sulphuric acid.
STANNUM. (Tin.) A metal known
from the earliest ages. It exists generally
as an oxide (tin stone and wood tin),
rarely as a sulphuret (tin pyrites). It is
found in England, Spain, Germany, Bo-
hemia, and Hungary, and in Asia, Chili,
and Mexico. The purest is from the
mines of Asia. It was formerly used in
medicine in the form of powder.
STAPHISAGRIA. The seeds of Del-
phinium staphisagria, which see.
STA
STI
372
STAPHISAIN. A principle obtained
from impure delphinia, distinguished by
its insolubility in ether.
STERCULARIA TRAGACANTHA.
An African plant which exudes a gum
not unlike gum tragacanth, as does also
STAR ANISEED. See Illicium Ani- an East Indian species, called Stercularia
satum.
STAR GRASS. See Aletris.
STARCH. See Amylum.
STARCH IODIDE. See Iodides.
STARCH NITRIC. See Nitric Starch.
STARKEY'S SOAP. See Soaps.
STARWORT. See False Unicorn Plant.
See Callitriche
STARWORT WATER.
Verna.
STATICE,
STATICE CAROLINIANA,
STATICE LIMONIUM.
See Marsh Rosemary.
STAVESACRE. See Delphinium
Staphisagria.
STEAM-BATH. A bath by far the
most useful and easily regulated of the
arrangements for indirect heating in phar-
maceutical manipulations.
STEARATE. A salt formed by the
combination of stearic acid with a base.
STEARIC ACID. An acid procured
from animal and vegetable fats, and from
the bile of many animals, composed of
€36H3604
4'
STEARIN. A solid crystallizable sub-
stance, the essential part of all kinds of
suet.
urens.
STERCULARIA URENS. See Stercularia
Tragacantha.
STERCULIA ACUMINATA. A syn-
onym of Cola acuminata.
STERCULIACEÆ. An order of plants
including the genera Stercularia and Theo-
broma.
STERLET. See Acipenser Ruthenus.
STIBIUM. The ancient term for the
ore of antimony.
STICK-LAC. The resin lac as taken
from the tree, still incrusting the small
twigs around which it originally con-
creted. It is soluble in a great measure
in alcohol.
STICK-RHUBARB. A variety of
English rhubarb in somewhat cylindrical
pieces, five or six inches long by an inch
or less in thickness, and more or less ir-
regular upon the surface, as if they shrunk
unequally in drying.
STIGMA. That vascular part of the
pistil which is destitute of an epiderm,
and receives the pollen or prolific powder.
It consists of the everted inner surface of
the pistil.
STILL. A vessel, boiler, or copper used
STEAROPTENE. The solid portion in the distillation of liquor.
of a volatile oil.
STEARONE.
A substance obtained
by the partial decomposition of stearic
acid with a fourth part of quick-lime. It
is sparingly soluble in ether and alcohol,
and is concrete at common temperatures,
but fusible at 180°.
STEARO-RICINIC ACID. An acid
procured by distillation from castor oil.
STEEL. Iron combined with a minute
proportion of carbon, and perhaps of sili-
con and aluminum.
STELLATE. Resembling a star.
STENANTHIUM FRIGIDUM. A
Mexican plant of the order Melanthaceæ,
the root of which is said to contain vera-
tria in abundance. The plant resembles
the Veratrum album very closely.
STILLINGIA. (Queen's Root, Queen's
Delight.) The root of Stillingia sylvatica,
an indigenous perennial plant growing in
pine-barrens, from Virginia to Florida,
flowering in May and June. When wound-
ed it emits a milky juice. In large doses
the root is emetic and cathartic, in smaller
alterative, with some influence over the
secretions.
STILLINGIA SEBIFERA. A species of
Stillingia, from the fruit of which the
Chinese procure a vegetable tallow in
large quantities, which is said to be almost
pure stearin.
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA. See Stillingia.
STILLINGIN. A preparation adver-
tised as the active principle of Stillingia
sylvatica. It is probably the oil of stil-
STI
STR
373
+
lingia, triturated with sugar or sugar of
milk.
STIMULANTS.
Medicines which
produce an increase of vital activity in
the organism or any of its parts.
STRENGTHENING PLASTER. See
Chalybeate Plaster.
STRIATED IPECACUANHA. See
Black Ipecacuanha.
STROBILE. An ament, the carpels of
STIPE. The stem of a fungus or mush- which are scale-like, and spread open and
room.
STIPEL. The stipule of a leaflet.
STIPULE. An appendage at the base
of petioles or leaves, usually somewhat re-
sembling a small leaf in texture and ap-
pearance.
bear naked seeds; sometimes the scales
are thin, with little cohesion; but they are
often woody, and cohere into a single
tuberculated mass. Example, the fruit of
the pines.
STRONG LIQUID GLUE. A strong
STIZOLOBIUM PRURIENS. A syn- glue, said not to gelatinize, to keep well,
onym of Dolichos pruriens.
and to be very convenient for pasting,
ST. JOHN'S WORT. See Hypericum is prepared as follows: Take three parts
Perforatum.
of good glue in little fragments, cover it
with eight parts of water, and allow it to
stand for some hours; then add half a part
of muriatic acid, and three-fourths of a
part of sulphate of zine, and expose the
whole for ten or twelve hours to a heat
between 178° and 189° Fahr.
STOMACH. A musculo-membranous
reservoir, continuous with the oesophagus
above and the duodenum below, and sit-
uated immediately beneath the diaphragm.
It owes its digestive powers to an acid
liquid, the gastric juice, which is secreted
by innumerable follicles in its internal or
mucous coat, and the action of which upon | Ammonia, Stronger Water of.
the various elements of food is very simi-
lar to that of prolonged boiling in water.
STOMACHIC. A medicine that
strengthens the stomach and excite its
action.
STOMACH-PUMP.
A small pump
or syringe with a flexible tube, for draw-
ing liquids from the stomach, or for in-
jecting them into it.
STONE PINE. Pinus pinea.
STONE ROOT. See Collinsonia Canadensis.
STORAX. See Liquid Storax.
STORAX BARK. See Cortex Thymia-
matis.
STORK'S BILL. See Erodium Cicu-
tarium.
STOVED SALT. A variety of com-
mon salt distinguished in commerce.
STRAMONII FOLIUM. The leaves
of Datura stramonium, which see.
STRAMONII SEMEN. The seeds of Da-
tura stramonium. They are the most
powerful of the parts of the plant em-
ployed. See Daturia.
STRASBURG TURPENTINE. A
variety of turpentine obtained from the
Abies Picea, or European Silver Fir.
STRONG SOLUTION OF AMMONIA. See
STRONG SOLUTION OF PERCHLORIDE OF
IRON. See Liquor Ferri Perchloridi For-
tior.
STRONG TINCTURE OF GINGER. See
Essence of Ginger.
STRONGER ALCOHOL. See Alco-
hol Fortius.
STRONGER COMMON CAUSTIC. See Caus-
tic Potassa.
STRONGER ETHER. See Ether Fortior.
STRONGER WATER OF AMMONIA. See
Ammonia, Stronger Water.
STRONG-SCENTED LETTUCE. See
Lactuca Virosa.
STRONTIA. An earth of a white
color, resembling baryta in many of its
properties. It is a compound of oxygen
and the metal strontium, in the propor-
tion of 8 of the former to 43.8 of the latter.
The salts of strontia communicate a vivid
crimson color to flame, and are much used,
especially the nitrate, in the construction
of fireworks.
STRONTIUM. A malleable metal, of
a yellowish color, resembling barium in
its properties.
STRUTHIIN. A principle identical
STR
SUB
374
with saponin, obtained from Gypsophylla | portion of the pistil, between the ovary
struthium.
and the stigma.
STYPTIC. A medicine which serves
to arrest hemorrhage or bleeding; often
used synonymously with astringent.
STYPTIC COLLOID. A name given to
a liquid consisting of ether, saturated with
tannic acid and a colloidal substance, such
as xyloidin or gun-cotton.
STYRACIN. A peculiar principle, in-
STRYCHNIA. An alkaloid discovered
in the nux vomica and bean of St. Igna-
tius, and named from the generic name or
title of the plants (strychnos), to which
these two products belong. It is said to
exist more abundantly in the bean of St.
Ignatius than in the nux vomica. It is a
most violent poison. One grain, or even
less, might prove fatal in the human sub-soluble in cold alcohol and in water, ob-
ject. It is, however, a valuable remedy tained from the balsamic juice which ex-
in various diseases of a paralytic nature. udes from the Liquidambar styraciflua.
It is soluble in water, acidulated with sul- The name is also given to a resinous sub-
phuric, nitric, or acetic acid. Iodine and stance obtained from the juice of Liquid-
hydrate of chloral have been proposed as ambar orientale, which by some is con-
antidotes to its poisonous effects.
sidered a compound of cinnamic acid with
a peculiar substance called Styrone, and is
in composition perfectly analogous to the
natural fats.
Strychnia ArsENITE. See Arsenites.
STRYCHNIA SOLUTION. See Liquors.
STRYCHNIA SULPHATE. See Sulphates.
STRYCHNIA TEST. It appears that any
substance capable of yielding nascent oxy-
gen readily will serve to develop the char-
acteristic violet color of strychnia, when
applied after the addition of sulphuric
acid. For this purpose the best reagent
is said to be bichromate of potassa. The
sulphuric acid should be of the specific
gravity of 1.85.
STRYCHNOS COLUBRINA.
Angustura.
See
STRYCHNOS Nux VoMICA. See Nux
Vomica.
STRYCHNOS POTATORUM. A species of
Strychnos, whose seeds contain no strych-
nia.
STRYCHNOS TIEUTE. A climbing woody
plant belonging to the genus Strychnos,
growing exclusively in Java, from the
bark of the root of which a poison is pre-
pared by the natives for the purpose of
poisoning the points of their arrows.
is said to be very destructive to animal
life.
It
STRYCHNOS TOXIFERA. A name given
to a plant supposed to be the source of
curare, but without foundation. See Cu-
rare.
STURGEON. See Acipenser.
STYLE. The cylindrical or tapering
STYRAX. See Liquid Storax.
STYRAX BENZOIN. See Benzoin.
STYRAX CALAMITA. A variety of Storax
in brown or reddish-brown masses, of va-
rious shapes, light, friable, yet possessing
a certain degree of tenacity, and softening
under the teeth. Upon exposure, it be-
comes covered upon the surface with efflo-
rescence of benzoic acid.
STYRAX OFFICINALE. A species of Sty-
rax, formerly considered by some as the
real source of storax. It is a tree which
rises from fifteen to twenty-five feet in
height, sends off many branches, and is
covered with a rough gray bark. It is a
native of Syria, and other parts of the
Levant.
STYRAX PREPARATUS. See Liquid Sto-
rax.
STYROL. The volatile oil of storax,
obtained by distilling the liquid balsam
with water and carbonate of soda, a salt
added for the purpose of retaining the cin-
namic acid. It is a mobile, limpid fluid,
with the odor of liquid storax, and a burn-
ing taste.
STYROLINE. A constituent of coal-
tar.
STYRONE. See Styracin.
SUB. A Latin preposition, denoting
under or below, used in English as a pre-
SUB
SUB
375
tt!
*
fix to express an inferior position or in-
tention, and also a subordinate degree or
imperfect state or quality. When pre-
fixed to the name of a chemical com-
pound, Sub denotes that this, if an oxysalt,
contains a less number of equivalents of
the acid than of the base, or that the base
is suboxide; or if it is a haloid salt, or
analogous compound, that the electro-
negative is in a smaller proportion than
the electro-positive constituent, or is com-
bined with it in the smallest proportion
possible; as in subcarbonate, subacetate,
subbromide, &c., subsalts, containing a
less number of equivalents of carbon, acetic
acid, bromine, &c., than of the substance
to which they are joined.
SUBACETATE.
an excess of the base.
Blue Sublimate. A preparation of mer-
cury with flowers of sulphur and sal am-
moniac, used in painting.
Corrosive Sublimate. The protochloride
or bichloride of mercury.
SUBLIMATE. To bring by heat into the
state of vapor, which on cooling, returns
again to the solid state.
SUBLIMATED SULPHUR. (Sul-
phur Sublimatum, Flores Sulphuris, Flow-
ers of Sulphur.) Sulphur prepared from
crude or rough sulphur by sublimation.
It is always contaminated with a little
sulphuric acid, formed from the oxygen
of the air.
SUBLIMATION. The process by
which volatile substances are raised by
An acetate having heat, and again condensed into the solid
form; it is, in fact, dry distillation.
SUBACETATE OF COPPER. See Copper,
Subacetate.
SUBACETATE OF LEAD. See Acetates.
SUBACID. Moderately acid or sour.
SUBBROMIDE. A haloid s
subsalt,
containing proportionately less bromine
than the bromide.
SUBCARBONATE. A carbonate con-
taining more than one equivalent of the
base for each equivalent of carbonic acid.
SUBCARBONATE OF BISMUTH. See Bis-
muths.
SUBLIMATION OF ALKALOIDS. A pro-
cess originated by Dr. Helwig, for the
purpose of determining the presence of
alkaloids in forensic analysis.
SUBNITRATE OF BISMUTH. See
Bismuths.
SUBSALT. An oxysalt, containing a
less number of equivalents of the acid than
the base, or in which the latter is a sub-
oxide. A haloid salt, or analogous com-
pound, in which the number of equivalents
of the electro-negative constituent is less
SUBCARBONATE OF IRON. See Carbon- than that of the electro-positive constitu-
ates.
SUBCARBURETTED. Consisting of
a greater number of equivalents of the
base than of the carbon; having the lowest
or smallest proportion of carbon.
SUBCHLORIDE OF MERCURY.
See Calomel.
SUBER. See Cork.
SUBERATE. A salt formed by the
combination of suberic acid with a base.
SUBERIC ACID. A peculiar acid,
formed by the action of nitric acid on cork.
SUBERIN. A name given to the char-
acteristic ingredient of cork.
SUBIODIDE. A haloid subsalt, con-
taining proportionally less iodine than the
iodide.
ent.
SUBSESQUI. A prefix used in chemi-
cal terms, denoting the combination of
constituents in the proportion of two to
three; especially denoting the combination
of two electro-negative with three elec-
tro-positive equivalents; as a subsesqui-
acetate, a salt containing two equivalents
of acetic acid for every three of the base.
SUBSULPHATE. A sulphate with
an excess of the base.
SUBSULPHATE OF IRON SOLUTION.
See Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis.
SUBSULPHATE OF QUINIA. See Sul-
phate of Quinia.
SUBSULPHIDE.
A non-acid coin-
pound, consisting of one equivalent of sul-
SUBLIMATE. The product of subli- phur and more than one equivalent of
mation.
some other body, as a metal.
SUB
SUL
376
SUBTILIZATION. The operation of
making so volatile as to rise in steam or
vapor.
matter found in mushrooms. It is less
sweet than most varieties of sugar, and
less soluble in alcohol and water than that
SUCCI. (Juices.) The expressed liquors of the cane.
of fruits or plants.
SUCCI SPISSATI. (Inspissated Juices.)
Extracts prepared by the evaporation of
the expressed juices of fresh plants.
SUCCINATE.
SUGAR OF PALM. Jaggary.
SUGAR, PURIFIED,
SUGAR, REFINED.
See Saccharum.
SUGAR, UNCRYSTALLIZABLE. See Chu-
A salt formed by the | lariose.
union of succinic acid and a base.
SUCCINATE OF AMMONIA. A salt formed
by the union of succinic acid with ammo-
nia. It has been used with great alleged
success in delirium tremens, and is occa-
sionally used as a precipitant of sesqui-
oxide of iron.
SUCCINATE OF PEROXIDE OF IRON.
A compound recommended for the treat-
ment of leucophlegmatic subjects, in whom
there is a tendency to a redundancy of
fatty tissue, and when there is reason to
suppose that cholesteric fat may be form-
ing about the heart and arteries.
SUCCINIC ACID. An acid obtained
from amber.
SUCCINUM. See Amber.
SUCCORY. See Chicory.
SUCCULENT. Juicy; full of juice.
SUCCUS. Juice.
SUCCUS CONII. See Juice of Hemlock.
SUCCUS SCOPARII. See Juice of Broom.
SUCCUS TARAXACI. See Juice of Dan-
delion.
SUDORIFIC. A medicine that pro-
duces sweat.
SUET. See Sevum:
SUGAR. See Saccharum.
SUGAR, BARLEY. See Barley Sugar.
SUGAR, BROWN. See Brown Sugar.
SUGAR, HAVANA. A name applied to
brown sugar partially purified by boiling
it with lime-water, concentrating, &c.
Sugar, InverSE. See Inverse Sugar.
SUGAR, MAPLE.
See Maple Sugar.
SUGAR OF ERGOT. See Mycose.
SUGAR OF GELATIN. See Glycocoll.
SUGAR OF GRAPES. See Glucose.
SUGAR OF LEAD. See Acetate of Lead.
SUGAR OF MILK. See Saccharum Lactis.
SUGAR OF MUSCLE. See Inosite.
SUGAR OF MUSHROOMS.
A saccharine
SUGAR, WHITE. See Saccharum.
SUGAR-CANDY. A name applied to
the white semi-transparent crystals of hy-
drated sugar, formed when spirit is added
to a gently heated concentrated syrup.
SUGAR-CANE. See Saccharum Offi-
cinarum.
SUGAR-CANE, AFRICAN.
Sugar-Cane.
See African
SUGAR-CANE, CHINESE. See Sorghum
Saccharatum.
Sugar-Cane, ОTAHEITAN. See Ota-
heitan Sugar-Cane.
A
SUGAR-HOUSE MOLASSES.
syrup which drains in the process for
forming an inferior quality of white sugar.
Its specific gravity is about 1.4, and it
contains about seventy-five per cent. of
solid matter.
SULPHATE. A salt formed by sul-
phuric acid in combination with any base.
SULPHATE OF ALUMINA. See Aluminas.
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA. See Ammo-
nias.
SULPHATE OF ATROPIA. See Atropias.
SULPHATE OF BARYTA. See Baryta.
SULPHATE OF BEBEERIA. See Bebeeriæ
Sulphas.
SULPHATE OF CADMIUM. See Cadmii
Sulphas.
SULPHATE OF CINCHONIA. See Cin-
chona Sulphate.
SULPHATE OF COPPER. See Cupri Sul-
phas.
SULPHATE OF INDIGO. A name given
to a solution of indigo in sulphuric acid.
SULPHATE OF IODO-CINCHONIA,
SULPHATE OF IODO-CINCHONIDIA,
SULPHATE OF IODO-QUINIDIA.
Crystallizable salts formed in the same
manner as the iodide of sulphate of quinia.
SUL
SUL
377
SULPHATE OF IODO-QUINIA. See Iodide | Sulphas.) Mix a troy ounce of strychnia
of Sulphate of Quinia.
with a pint of distilled water, heat the
SULPHATE OF IRON. See Ferri Sulphas. | mixture gently, and gradually add diluted
SULPHATE OF IRON AND AMMONIA. sulphuric acid until the alkaloid is neu-
See Ammonio-Ferric Alum.
tralized and dissolved; filter the solution,
that crystals may form on cooling, which
SULPHATE OF IRON AND POTASSA. See and evaporate with a moderate heat, so
Potassio-Ferric Alum.
SULPHATE OF IRON, COMMERCIAL. See are then to be drained, dried rapidly on
Commercial Sulphate of Iron.
bibulous paper, and kept in a well-stopped
SULPHATE OF IRON, DRIED. See Ferri bottle.
Sulphas Exsiccata.
SULPHATE OF WATER. See Acid, Sul-
SULPHATE OF ZINC. (Zinci Sulphas.)
SULPHATE OF IRON, GRANULATED. See phuric.
Ferri Sulphas Granulata.
SULPHATE OF LIME. See Calcis Sul- A salt containing one equivalent of sulphu-
ric acid, one of oxide of zinc, and seven
phas.
SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. See Epsom of water. The impure sulphate of zinc,
called White Vitriol, contains but three
It is tonic, astrin-
Salts.
SULPHATE OF MANGANESE. See Man-equivalents of water.
ganese, Sulphate.
SULPHATE OF MERCURY. See Hydrar-
gyri Sulphas.
gent, and, in large doses, a prompt emetic.
SULPHATO. See Ferreira Spectabilis.
SULPHIDE. A compound of sulphur
SULPHATE OF MORPHIA. See Morphice with another element, or with a body
Sulphas.
SULPHATE OF MORPHIA SOLUTION.
See Liquor Morphice Sulphatis.
which may take the place of an element;
a sulphuret.
SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM. A com-
SULPHATE OF NICKEL. See Niccoli pound prepared by passing steam through
Sulphas.
a mixture of an ammonia salt and soda
SULPHATE OF POTASSA. See Potassa waste or gas lime, and condensing the
Sulphas.
SULPHATE OF POTASSA WITH SULPHUR.
See Potassa Sulphas cum Sulphure.
vapor in a suitable apparatus.
SULPHIDE OF ANTIMONY,
OF ANTIMONY, NATIVE.
See Antimonii Sulphuretum.
SULPHIDE OF CALCIUM. A compound
prepared by the decomposition of sulphate
of lime by fusion with charcoal. It is but
sparingly soluble in water.
SULPHATE OF QUINIA. A salt formed
by sulphuric acid combined with the al-
kaloid quinia. It is called a disulphate or
subsulphate by those by whom it is thought
to contain two equivalents of base to one
of acid. If regarded as neutral, it con-
sists, in the crystalline form, of one equiv
alent each of quinia, sulphuric acid, and
SULPHIDE OF MAGNESIUM. A com-
water; according to another, of two equiv-pound formed by passing sulphydric
alents of quinia, one of acid, and one of acid into magnesia suspended in water,
water, and, therefore, a disulphate.
SULPHIDE OF CARBON. See Bisulphide
of Carbon.
filtering the solution formed, and boiling
it to expel excess of sulphuretted hydrogen.
SULPHATE OF QUINIDIA. A salt con-
sisting, according to one view, of one SULPHITE. A salt formed by a com-
equivalent each of quinidia, sulphuric bination of sulphurous acid with a base.
acid, and water; according to another, of SULPHITE OF AMMONIA.
A salt pre-
two equivalents of quinidia, one of acid, pared by passing sulphurous acid through
one of water, and, therefore, a disulphate. a solution of carbonate of ammonia. It
SULPHATE OF SODA. See Glauber's is converted into the sulphate by the ab-
sorption of oxygen.
Salt.
SULPHATE OF STRYCHNIA. (Strychniæ
SULPHITE OF LIME. A salt prepared
SUL
SUL
378
by passing sulphurous acid through lime- | umes of ordinary sulphuric acid to five
volumes of benzole, and heating on the
sand-bath for eight to ten hours.
water.
SULPHITE OF MAGNESIA. A salt pre-
pared by double decomposition, consisting
of mixing concentrated warm solutions
of sulphite of soda and sulphate of mag-
nesia.
SULPHITE OF PLATINUM. A salt ob-
tained by passing sulphurous acid into
suspended hydrated oxide of platinum.
A red-brown solution is formed, which
contains sulphite of platinum.
SULPHITE OF POTASSA. A salt pre-
pared by passing sulphurous acid through
a solution of carbonate of potassa.
SULPHITE OF SODA. A salt prepared
by passing sulphurous acid through a so-
lution of carbonate of soda. See Soda
Sulphis.
SULPHION. A hypothetical body,
consisting of one equivalent of sulphur
and four equivalents of oxygen. So called,
in reference to the binary theory of salts.
SULPHIONIDE. A compound of
sulphion with a metal, or with a body
performing the function of a metal. So
called in reference to the binary theory
of salts.
SULPHOCARBOLATE OF SODA.
A salt prepared by mixing two measures
of pure carbolic acid with one of officinal
sulphuric acid in a glass flask; heating
the mixture to 280° or 290° Fahr., main-
taining the temperature from five to ten
minutes; adding, after the liquid has
cooled, six or eight measures of water,
and carefully neutralizing with carbonate
of soda. The solution is then sufficiently
evaporated, and set aside to crystallize.
SULPHOCARBOLATE OF AMMONIA,
SULPHOCARBOLATE OF MAGNESIA,
SULPHOCARBOLATE OF ZINC.
Salts prepared by heating together pure
carbolic and sulphuric acids, diluting the
mixture with water, and saturating with
the base. Upon evaporation the sulpho-
carbolate separates in crystals.
SULPHOCARBOLATES. A class of
salts introduced as a convenient means of
obtaining the effects of carbolic acid in
the treatment of zymotic diseases.
SULPHOCARBOLIC ACID. An
acid in slender needle-shaped crystals. It
SULPHO-ACIDS. When strong sul-is analogous to sulphovinic acid.
phuric acid is added to many organic SULPHOCARBONIC. Of, pertain-
compounds, it unites with them, forming
conjugate acids, which are known gener-
ally as sulpho-acids, and especially by the
name of the compound with the prefix
sulpho; thus we have sulphobenzolic acid,
sulphosuccinic acid, &c.
3
SULPHOACETIC ACID. An acid
having the composition H,CO, 2SO,+HO,
obtained by heating together, in a closed
glass tube, chloride of acetyl, sulphate of
silver, and powdered glass.
SULPHOARSENIC ACID. Of, per-
taining to, or consisting of sulphur and
arsenic. Said of an acid consisting of five
equivalents of sulphur and one of arsenic.
SULPHOBENZOLATE. A salt pre-
pared by decomposing a barium compound
with the sulphate of the required salt.
SULPHOBENZOLIC ACID. An acid
prepared by the action of fuming sulphuric
acid, on benzole, or by adding four vol-
ing to, or consisting of sulphur and car-
bon. Said of an acid consisting of two
equivalents of sulphur and one of carbon.
SULPHOCYANIDE. A compound
of sulphocyanogen and another constitu-
ent.
A
SULPHOCYANIDE OF AMMONIUM.
salt prepared from sulphocyanide of potas-
sium by double decomposition with sul-
phate of ammonia at a boiling tempera-
ture. Sulphate of potassa is allowed to
crystallize out, and the liquor mixed with
two volumes of alcohol, ninety per cent.,
the solution filtered, decolorized with ani-
mal charcoal, evaporated, and crystal-
lized.
SULPHOCYANIDE OF ATROPIA AND
GOLD. A salt obtained by adding a salt
of atropia to a solution of sulphocyanide
of gold in sulphocyanide of potassium. It
is in the form of red, oily drops.
SUL
SUL
379
}
SULPHOCYANIDE OF COBALT. A com-
pound prepared by shaking a mixture of
aqueous solutions of a salt of cobalt and
an alkaline sulphocyanide with ether,
which appears to determine the double
decomposition, and dissolves the new com-
pound with a blue color. The solution,
when allowed to evaporate spontaneously,
affords splendid crystals of a dark-blue
color.
SULPHOCYANIDE OF MERCURY. A
compound prepared by double decomposi-
tion between sulphocyanide of potassium
and solution of nitrate of mercury.
SULPHOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. See
Potassii Sulphocyanidum.
needles and prisms, is unalterable in the
air, soluble in water and alcohol,
sesses a slightly bitter taste.
and pos-
(Etherosul-
SULPHOVINIC ACID.
phuric Acid, Bisulphate of Alcohol, Bisul-
phate of Ether.) An acid formed by the
mixture of two equivalents of sulphuric
acid and one of alcohol.
SULPHUR. Sulphur is very gener-
ally disseminated throughout the mineral
kingdom, and is almost always present in
minute quantity, in animal and vegetable
matter. Among vegetables it is particu-
larly abundant in mustard and other cru-
ciform plants. It occurs in the earth,
either native or in combination; the for-
mer is most abundant in volcanic coun-
tries, and is hence called volcanic sulphur,
and is found in masses mixed with various
earthy impurities. In combination it is
and one of cyanogen.
usually united with certain metals, as iron,
SULPHOHYDRIC ACID. See Hy-lead, mercury, antimony, copper, and zinc,
drosulphuric Acid.
SULPHOCYANIDE OF SINAPIN. See
Sinapin.
SULPHOCYANOGEN. A compound
consisting of two equivalents of sulphur
SULPHOPHENATES. (Sulphocar-
bolates.) A class of salts prepared by act-
ing upon commercial carbolic acid with
sulphuric acid at a temperature of 280°
Fahr., or a little higher. They appear to
possess the same properties as the crude
carbolic acid, and are preferable in many
cases, since they do not possess the strong
odor.
SULPHOPHENIC ACID. An acid
formed by the combination in due propor-
tion, of pure sulphuric and phenic acids.
SULPHOPHTALIC ACID. An acid
obtained by heating phtalic acid with sul-
phuric anhydride to 100° or 105º C., in a
sealed vessel. The product is dissolved in
water, neutralized with carbonate of lead,
and decomposed by sulphuretted hydrogen.
SULPHOSALTS. A term applied to
compounds formed by the combination of
different sulphurets, from their analogy to
salts.
forming compounds called sulphurets.
Sulphur is laxative, diaphoretic, and re-
solvent.
SULPHUR AURATUM ANTIMONII. See
Antimonii Sulphuretum Aureum.
SULPHUR, BLACK. Sulphur modified
or colored by a minute proportion of for-
eign matter. The fats and oils generally,
when heated with sulphur, give it a red or
black color.
SULPHUR, CRUDE. (Sulphur Crudum.)
Rough or crude sulphur; the result of the
distillation of native sulphur. It contains
about one-twelfth of its weight of earthy
matter.
SULPHUR, CRUMMY. Either a yellow
or red sulphur, obtained from a solution
of soft sulphur in bisulphide of carbon
after octahedral sulphur is obtained from
it, by the spontaneous evaporation of the
solvent.
SULPHUR FLOWERS.
See Sublimated
SULPHOSINAPISIN. See Sinapin. Sulphur.
SULPHOUREA. A compound of C₂ SULPHUR, INSOLUBLE. A name given
H₁N₂S₂, formed by exposing sulphocyanide to that part of soft sulphur left undissolved
of ammonium contained in a sealed tube by bisulphide of carbon, amounting to
to a temperature of 170° C. It crystal- about one-third and nearly one-half of
lizes in the form of white, silvery rhombic | the former.
SUL
SUM
380
SULPHUR IODIDE. See Bisulphuret of phur with another element, or with a
Iodine.
body which may take the place of an ele-
ment.
SULPHUR, LOTUM. (Washed Sulphur.)
Sublimed sulphur thoroughly washed with
water. It has the general appearance of
sublimed sulphur, and is wholly volatilized
by heat. When properly prepared, it un-
dergoes no change from exposure to the
air, and does not affect litmus.
SULPHUR, MILK OF. See Precipitated
Sulphur.
Sulphuret oF ALLYL. See Allyl.
SULPHURET OF ANTIMONY. See Anti-
monii Sulphuretum.
SULPHURET OF CALCIUM. See Calcii
Sulphuretum.
SULPHURET OF CARBON. See Bisul-
phide of Carbon.
SULPHURET OF IRON. See Ferri Sul-
phuretum.
SULPHURET OF POTASSIUM. See Liver
of Sulphur.
SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN.
See Hydrosulphuric Acid.
SULPHUR, NATIVE. See Sulphur.
SULPHUR OCTAHEDRAL. An allotropic
condition of sulphur obtained from freshly-
made soft sulphur, by acting on it with
bisulphide of carbon, which dissolves it in
part. This solution, by distilling off a
portion of the bisulphide, yields, on cool-
ing, octahedral sulphur.
SULPHUR OINTMENT. See Unguentum | fetid smell of that gas, and by yielding a
Sulphuris.
brown precipitate with the salts of lead or
SULPHURETTED WATERS. Waters
which contain sulphuretted hydrogen.
They are distinguished by the peculiar
SULPHUR PRÆCIPITATUM. See Precipi- silver.
tated Sulphur.
SULPHUR, PRISMATIC. An allotropic
condition of sulphur, which forms the
greater part of ordinary sulphur.
soluble in bisulphide of carbon.
It is
SULPHUR, RED. See Sulphur, Black.
SULPHUR, ROLL. See Cane Brimstone.
SULPHUR, SOFT. (Viscid Sulphur.) A
name given to sulphur melted, heated
above 392°, and suddenly cooled by being
poured out into water, when it becomes a
reddish-brown plastic mass, with altera-
tion of properties, and is employed in
taking impressions of medals, &c.
SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM. See Sublimated
Sulphur.
SULPHUR, VISCID. See Sulphur, Soft.
SULPHUR VIVUM. See Horse Brim-
stone.
SULPHUR, VOLCANIC. See Sulphur.
Sulphur, WASHED. See Sulphur Lo-
tum.
Examples of this kind are the
waters of Aix-la-Chapelle and Harro-
gate, in Europe, and those of the White,
Red, and Salt Sulphur Springs, in Virginia,
and of the artesian well in Lafayette, In-
diana.
SULPHURIC ACID. See Acids.
SULPHURIC ETHER. See Ether.
SULPHURIS 10DIDUM. See Bi-
sulphuret of Iodine.
SULPHUROUS ACID. See Acids.
SULPHYDRIC. Composed of sulphur
and hydrogen.
SULPHYDRIC ACID. A poisonous acid
gas. An economical source for its pro-
duction is suggested by Reinsch, who pre-
pares for this purpose sulphide of calcium,
by mixing intimately one part common
gypsum, one-fourth part burned gypsum,
one-third part coal-all in powder-and
forming with water into small masses,
which, after drying, are heated for two
hours in a wind furnace with coke. The
SULPHURATED ANTIMONY. See product is kept carefully excluded from
Antimonii Sulphuretum Aureum.
dampness, and will readily yield perfectly
SULPHURATED OIL. A former name pure sulphydric acid by the aid of chlor-
for balsam of sulphur.
hydric acid.
Sulphurated POTASH. See Liver of
Sulphur.
SUMACH. (Rhus Glabrum, Smooth
Sumach, Pennsylvania Sumach, Upland
SULPHURET. A combination of sul- Sumach.) A species of Rhus found in al-
SUM
SUP
381
most all parts of the United States. It is a
shrub from four to twelve feet or more in
height, growing in old neglected fields,
along fences, and on the borders of woods.
The berries are astringent and refrigerant.
SUMACH, SWAMP. See Swamp Sumach.
SUMATRA CAMPHOR. See Borneo
Camphor.
SUMBUL RADIX.
See Jatamansi.
SUMBULIC ACID. A crystallizable
acid obtained from sumbul root.
SUMBULUS MOSCHATUS. A plant
to saturation in a boiling solution of meta-
phosphoric acid.
SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME. A soluble
salt, composed of one equivalent of phos-
phoric acid, one of lime, and ten of water.
SUPERSALT. A salt with a greater
number of equivalents of acid than of the
base, as the binoxalate and quaternoxalate
of potassa are supersalts.
SUPERSATURATE. To add to be-
yond saturation.
SUPERSULPHATE. A sulphate with
belonging to the natural order Umbel- a greater number of equivalents of acid
liferæ, or the "Umbelliferous family," than base.
from which musk or sumbul root is ob- SUPERSULPHURETTED. Consist-
tained. It was discovered when the Rus-ing of a greater number of equivalents of
sians occupied Bucharia.
sulphur than of the base with which the
SUMMER SAVORY. See Sutureja sulphur is combined.
Hortensis.
SUNFLOWER.
nuus.
SUPERTARTRATE OF POTASSA.
See Helianthus An- See Acid Tartrate of Potash.
SUPPOSITER. An instrument used
in the preparation or moulding of sup-
positories, consisting of a slender handle
a few inches long, with a ring at one end
for the finger, and an expansion at the
other, having a cavity for the reception
of the cylindrical base of the suppository.
The metallic mould should be very cold at
the time of introducing the melted mix-
ture, so as to solidify it quickly, and thus
prevent the suspended medicine from
SUPERACIDULATED. Acidulated sinking to the bottom, and becoming un-
SUPER. A prefix often used in con-
nection with chemical compounds, signi-
fying that the number of equivalents of
the component to the name of which it is
prefixed is greater than that of the other
component or components; as supersul-
phate, supercarbonate of soda, &c. Used
also, formerly, to denote that a salt, to the
name of which it is prefixed, possesses acid
properties.
to excess.
SUPERIODIDES OF THE ALKA-
LOIDS. These are prepared by precipi-
tating a salt of the base with a solution of
iodine in iodide of potassium.
equally distributed.
SUPPOSITORIA.
(Suppositories.)
Solid bodies intended to be introduced
into the rectum, with a view either of
evacuating the bowels by irritating the
mucous membrane of the rectum, or of
SUPERNATANT. Swimming above;
floating on the surface, as oil supernatant | producing a specific effect on the neigh-
boring parts, or on the system at large.
on water.
SUPEROXIDE. An oxide containing
more equivalents of oxygen than of the
base with which it is combined; a hyper-
oxide. An oxide containing the greatest
number of equivalents of oxygen; a per-
oxide.
SUPERPHOSPHATE. A phosphate
containing the greatest amount of phos-
phoric acid that can combine with a base.
SUPERPHOSPHATE OF IRON. A salt
prepared by dissolving phosphate of iron
SUPPOSITORIA ACIDI TANNICI. R.
Tannin, thirty-six grains; benz. lard,
forty-four grains; white wax, ten grains;
cocoa butter, ninety grains. Melt the
wax and butter with a gentle heat, then
add the tannin and benz. lard, previously
rubbed together in a mortar, and mix all
the ingredients thoroughly. Pour the
mixture while it is fluid into suitable
moulds of the capacity of fifteen grains.
SUPPOSITORIA HYDRARGYRI. (Mercu-
SUP
SWE
382
rial Suppositories.) R. Ointment of mer-
cury, sixty grains; benz. lard, white wax,
of each, twenty grains; cocoa butter, eighty
grains. Melt with gentle heat the lard,
wax, and cocoa butter, then mix thor-
oughly with the ointment of mercury, and
complete the process in the manner di-
rected for Suppositoria Acidi Tannici.
SUPPOSITORIA MORPHIE. (Morphia
Suppositories.) R. Muriate of morphia,
six grains; benz. lard, sixty-four grains;
white wax, twenty grains; cocoa butter,
ninety grains. Melt the wax and butter
with gentle heat, add the muriate of mor-
phia and lard, previously rubbed together
in a mortar, mix all the ingredients thor-
oughly, and complete the process in the
manner directed for Suppositoria Acidi
Tannici.
SUPPOSITORIA PLUMBI COMPOSITUS.
(Compound Lead Suppositories.) R. Ace-
tate of lead, thirty-six grains; pulv. opii,
twelve grains; benz. lard, forty-two
grains; white wax, ten grains; cocoa
butter, eighty grains. Melt the wax and
butter with gentle heat, add the other
ingredients, previously rubbed together
in a mortar, and mix the whole thor-
oughly, and complete the process in the
same manner directed for Suppositoria
Acidi Tannici.
SUPPURATIVE. A medicine that
promotes suppuration.
SURINAMINA. An organic alkaloid
from the bark of Andira retusa, by pre-
cipitating an aqueous infusion with acetate
of lead, treating with sulphuretted hydro-
gen, and evaporating.
SUSPENSORY. A bandage for sus-
pending the scrotum.
SUS SCROFA. A white paste of the
consistence of cream, consisting of an
emulsion made from the pancreatic juice
of the pig, with beef-fat; recommended
in cases of consumption attended with
dyspepsia.
SUSUMBER BERRIES. The fruit of
a species of Solanum, Hortus Jamaicensis
or Solanum bacciferum, of which there are
two varieties, one relatively innocent, the
other poisonous.
SWALLOW WORT, WHITE. See
Asclepias Vincetoxicum.
SWAMP DOGWOOD. See Cornus
Sericea.
SWAMP HELlebore. See Veratrum
Viride.
SWAMP LAUREL. See Kalmia Glauca.
SWAMP SASSAFRAS. A name occasion-
ally applied to the magnolia.
SWAMP SUMACH. (Rhus Vernix, Rhus
Venenata, Poison Sumach.) A beautiful
shrub or small tree, growing in swamps
and low grounds from Canada to Carolina,
and flowers in June and July. Like the
other species, it is very poisonous.
SWEET ALMOND. See Almonds.
SWEET BAY. (White Bay.) A South-
ern name for the magnolia.
SWEET BIRCH. See Betula Lenta.
SWEET BRIER. See Eglantine.
SWEET CICELY. A North American
umbelliferous plant of the genus Osmor-
rhiza, having aromatic roots and seeds,
and white flowers. Also a plant of the
genus Myrrhis (Myrrhis odorata), grow-
ing in England.
SWEET FENNEL. See Anethum Fœnicu-
lum.
SWEET FERN. See Comptonia Aspleni-
folia.
SWEET FLAG. See Calamus.
SWEET GUM. See Liquidambar Styra-
ciflua.
SWEET MARJORAM. See Marjoram,
Sweet.
SWEET OIL. See Oils.
SWEET ORange-PEEL.
Dulcis Cortex.
See Aurantii
SWEET POTATO. See Convolvulus Ba-
tatas.
SWEET PRINCIPLE OF OILS. See Glyc-
erin.
SWEET ROOT. Licorice root.
SWEET SPIRIT OF NITRE.
of Nitrous Ether.
See Spirit
SWEET-SCENTED GOLDEN ROD.
See Golden Rod.
SWEET-SCENTED LIFE EVERLASTING.
See Gnaphalium Polycephalum.
SWEET-SCENTED VIRGIN'S BOWER. See
Clematis Flammula.
SWE
SYR
383
SWEET-SCENTED WATER-LILY.
Nymphæa Odorata.
See a small depressed figure following the
symbol. The group of letters and figures
thus used to denote the composition of any
compound, is called the formula of such
compound.
SWIETENIA FEBRIFUGA. A large
tree growing in the East Indies, the bark
of which is astringent, and possesses prop-
erties somewhat analogous to Peruvian
bark.
SWIETENIA MAHOGONI. See Mahogany
Tree.
SWIETENIA SENEGALENSIS. A species
of Swietenia, the bark of which is used on
the coast of Africa, in the cure of inter-
mittents.
SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE. See
Comfrey.
SYMPLOCARPUS FŒTIDA. See
Dracontium.
SYNANTHROSE. The name of a new
amorphous sugar, found in the Synan-
there. It is allied to cane sugar.
SYNAPTASE. A peculiar matter ob-
SYCAMORE. A large tree allied to tained from the sweet and bitter almond.
the common fig.
SYNTHESIS. The uniting of elements
SYDENHAM'S LAUDANUM. See to form a compound; the opposite of analy-
Vinum Opii.
sis; as, that water is composed of oxygen
SYLLABUS. A compendium; an ab- and hydrogen, is proved both by analysis
stract.
SYLVIC ACID. An acid obtained by
treating the residue of common resin with
boiling spirit of 0.865, which dissolves it,
and lets it fall upon cooling. It is a resin-
ous body, pre-existing in the turpentine.
SYLVIN. A native chloride of potas- |
sium, observed in the salt mines of Stass-
furt and Kalusz.
and synthesis; composition, or the putting
together, as in compound medicines.
SYNTONIN. A protein compound
contained in the fibrils of muscles.
SYPHON. See Siphon.
SYRIAN HERB MASTICH. See Cat
Thyme.
SYRINGA VULGARIS. See Lilac,
Common.
SYRINGIN. An organic principle.
composed of CH28020+2Aq, obtained
from the bark of Syringa vulgaris. It is
in colorless needles, tasteless, soluble in
water, more in alcohol, not in ether, and
with acids splits into sugar and syringenin.
SYRINGENIN. See Syringin.
SYRINGOPICRIN. A principle con-
tained in all parts of lilac. Bitter, soluble
in water and alcohol.
SYRUP. See Simple Syrup.
SYMBOL. The sign or representation
of anything. Chemical elements are des-
ignated by letters called symbols. The
initial letter of the name is the symbol,
whenever it is distinctive; but, when sev-
eral elements have names beginning with
the same letter, the plan adopted is to rep-
resent one of them by the initial letter,
and the rest by the initial letter with some
other associated with it. Thus C stands
for carbon, Ca for calcium, Cd for cad-
mium, Ce for cerium, Cl for chlorine, Co
for cobalt, Cr for chromium, Cu for cop-
per, &c. The use of these symbols saves
time and space in designating the com-
position of compounds. Where a single
equivalent is intended to be designated,
the symbol of the element simply is given;
but where several equivalents are to be
represented, the symbol is preceded by a SYRUPS. (Syrupi.) Syrups are con-
figure indicating the number. Thus C centrated solutions of sugar in watery
means one equivalent of carbon, 2C two fluids, either with or without medicinal
equivalents, and so on. The number of impregnation. When the solution is made
equivalents is now generally denoted by with pure water, it is named syrup, or
SYRUP OF CARNATION. A syrup fla-
vored with clove pink, used in Europe as
a vehicle for other less pleasant medicines.
SYRUP OF ETHER. A syrup of the
French Codex, prepared by shaking to-
gether in a bottle 440 parts of sugar, 490
parts of distilled water, 50 parts of alco-
hol 90°, and 20 parts of pure ether.
TAB
TAN
384
simple syrup; when with water charged |
with one or more medicinal agents, it is
called in general terms a medicated syrup,
and receives its particular designation
from the substance or substances added.
Medicated syrups are usually prepared by
incorporating sugar with vegetable infu-
sions, decoctions, expressed juices, fer-
mented liquors, or simple aqueous solu-
tions. When the active matter of the
vegetable is not readily soluble in water,
is associated with soluble matter which it
is desirable to avoid, or is volatilized or
decomposed by a heat of 212°, it is some-
times extracted by diluted alcohol, the
spirituous ingredient of which is subse-
quently driven off. Medicated syrups are
also occasionally prepared by adding a
tincture to simple syrup, and evaporating
the alcohol. Another and better mode of
effecting the same object, when aromatic
or other volatile substances are concerned,
is to mix the tincture with sugar in coarse
powder, expose the mixture to a very gen-
tle heat till the alcohol has evaporated,
and then prepare the syrup from the im-
pregnated sugar by dissolving it in the
requisite proportion of water.
T.
TABACI FOLIA. Leaf tobacco.
TABACUM. Tobacco.
TABASHEER. A concretion in the
joints of the bamboo which consists largely
of pure silex. It is valued highly in the
East Indies as a medicine for the cure of
bilious vomitings, dysentery, &c.
TABLET. A lozenge or troche.
TACCA PINNATIFIDA. A species of
Tacca growing in the East India province
of Arracan. It affords a product similar
to the Tacca Oceanica.
TALC. A soft magnesian mineral of
a soapy feel; a species of Steatite.
TALCAHUANA ARROWROOT. A
fecula produced from the tuberous roots
of different species of Alstroemeria, grow-
ing in South America. See Alstromeria
Ligtu.
TALLOW. The suet or fat of animals
of the sheep and ox kind, separated from
membranous and fibrous matter by melt-
ing it down.
TALLOW, MINERAL. A yellowish-white
combustible substance, having a pearly
lustre, found with the iron ores of the coal
measures in Scotland, Wales, and in Fin-
land. It is known by the name of Hatche-
tine.
TALLOW, VEGETABLE. An almost pure
stearin, obtained from the fruit of Stillin-
gia sebifera, where it exists between the
shell of the seeds and the outer husk. It
is much used in making candles. The
kernel, contained in the shell, yields a
liquid oil by expression.
TAMARACK. (Larix Americana.)
The larch.
TAMARIND, The preserved fruit
TAMARINDUS. or pulp of the fruit
of Tamarindus Indica or tamarind tree,
a native of the East and West Indies,
Egypt, and Arabia. Tamarinds are laxa-
tive and refrigerant.
TAMARINDUS INDICA. See Tamarind.
TAMARIX GALLICA. A tamarisk
TACAMAHAC, See Amyris To- growing in the north of Africa, from
}
TACAMAHACA. Š mentosa.
TACCA FECULA. A variety of fec-
ula from the South Sea Islands, some-
times sold under the name of arrowroot.
It consists of circular, muller-shaped, or
polyhedral granules, with few and not
very distinct rings, and a small, circular
hilum, which is cracked in a linear or stel-
late manner.
TACCA OCEANICA. A species of Tacca,
growing in the Sandwich Islands, from
which a variety of arrowroot is obtained.
which exudes a species of manna which
is used by the Bedouin Arabs near Mount
Sinai with their food.
TAMPON. A plug introduced into a
natural or artificial cavity to arrest hemor-
rhage.
TANACETIC ACID. A peculiar acid
obtained from the leaves of Tanacetum
vulgare. It precipitates lime, baryta,
oxide of lead, and oxide of copper.
TANACETIN. A yellowish-white,
very bitter organic principle, very soluble
TAN
TAR
385
in ether, less in alcohol, little in water;
obtained from the flowers of Tanacetum
vulgare.
TANACETUM. (Tansy.) The herb
of Tanacetum vulgare, a perennial herba-
ceous plant, rising two or three feet in
height. It is cultivated in our gardens,
and grows wild in the roads and in old
fields, but was introduced from Europe,
where it is indigenous. It is in flower
from July to September. It has the
medical virtues of the aromatic bitters.
In large doses it is poisonous.
TANACETUM VULGARE. See Tanacetum.
TANASPIDIC ACID. A peculiar
acid extracted from the root of male fern.
TANGHINIA. A genus of plants
found in Madagascar, having a fruit of
which the kernel is poisonous.
TANGLES. See Laminaria Digitata.
TANNATE. A compound of tannic
acid and a base.
TANNATE OF ALUMINA. See Alu-
minas.
TANNATE OF IRON. See Ferri Tannas.
TANNATE OF LEAD. See Plumbi Tan-
nas.
black precipitate with the salts of sesqui-
oxide of iron, and the other existing in
Peruvian bark, catechu, &c., and charac-
terized by producing a greenish-black or
dark-olive precipitate with the same salts.
This substance has been universally ad-
mitted to rank with the acids, and is now,
therefore, denominated tannic acid.
TANNINGIC ACID. See Catechuic
Acid.
TANNOMELANIC ACID. An acid
composed of C₁₂H40%, formed by the de-
composition of tannin.
121
TANNOXYLIC ACID. An acid
6
composed of CH.012, formed by the de-
composition of tannin.
TANSY. See Tanacetum.
TAPIOCA. The fecula of the root of
Janipha manihot. It is used simply as a
diet for the sick and convalescent. See
Cassava.
TAR. See Pix Liquida.
TAR BEER. See Wine of Tar.
TAR, GLYCERATED. See Glycerated
Tar.
TAR OINTMENT. See Ointments.
TAR WATER. See Aqua Picis Liquida.
TARAXACI RADIX,
TARAXACUM,
TANNATE OF QUINIA. A salt prepared
by precipitating the infusion of Peruvian
bark or solution of sulphate of quinia by
the infusion of galls or solution of tannic
acid, and then washing and drying the
precipitate. It has the advantage of pos- | ciple extracted from the juice of the dan-
sessing little taste, while experience has
shown that it is little if at all inferior in
antiperiodic power to the sulphate.
TANNIC ACID. See Acids.
TANNIC ACID SUPPOSITORIES.
Suppositoria Acidi Tannici.
TARAXACUM DENS-LEONIS.
See Dandelion.
TARAXACIN. A crystallizable prin-
delion root. It is bitter and somewhat
acrid, fusible but not volatile, sparingly
soluble in cold water, but very soluble in
boiling water, alcohol, and ether. It is
See obtained by boiling the milky juice in
distilled water, filtering the concentrated
liquor, and allowing it to evaporate spon-
taneously in a warm place.
TANNIN. A term originally applied
to a principle or principles existing in
many vegetables, having a very astringent
taste, and the properties of producing a
white flocculent precipitate with solution
of gelatin, and a black precipitate with
the salts of sesquioxide of iron. As ob-
tained, however, from different plants, it
was found to exhibit some difference of
properties; and chemists have recognized
two kinds, one existing in oak bark, galls,
&c., distinguished by producing a bluish-
TARNISHED SILVER. Tarnished
silver is best cleansed with a solution of
cyanide of potassium. As soon as the
tarnish is removed, which occurs rapidly,
the silver should be washed in pure water.
TARRAGON OIL. A volatile oil of
the composition C0H12O2, obtained from
the herb Artemisia absinthium.
TARTAR. During the fermentation
of wines, a peculiar matter is deposited in
25
TAR
TAR
386
the casks, forming a crystalline crust,
called crude tartar or argol. That de-
posited from red wines is of a reddish
color and is called red tartar, while that
derived from white wines is of a dirty
white color and called white tartar. They
consist of potassa, united with an excess
of tartaric acid, forming bitartrate of po-
tassa, rendered impure by tartrate of lime,
more or less coloring matter, and other
matters which are deposited during the
clarification of the wine.
possessing properties similar to those of
the officinal species.
TARTARIC ACID. See Acids.
TARTARIZE.
To impregnate with
tartar.
TARTARIZED ANTIMONY. See
Antimonii et Potassæ Tartras.
TARTARUM VITRIOLATUM. See
Potassa Sulphas.
TARTRAS BORICO-POTASSICUS.
See Tartarus Boraxatus.
TARTRATE. A salt formed by the
TARTAR, CREAM. See Acid Tartrate of combination of tartaric acid with a base.
Potash.
TARTAR, CRUDE. See Tartar.
TARTAR CRYSTALS. See Acid Tartrate
of Potassa.
TARTAR EMETIC. See Antimonii et Po-
tassa Tartras.
TARTAR EMETIC OINTMENT. See Oint-
ment, Antimonial.
TARTAR, RED. See Tartar.
TARTAR, SALT OF.
Potassa, Impure.
See Carbonate of
TARTAR, SOLUBLE. See Potassæ Tar-
tras.
TARTAR, WHITE. See Tartar.
TARTARUS BORAXATUS. (Tar-
tras Borico-Potassicus, Potassa Boracico-
Tartras.) A salt resembling Potassæ et
Boracis Tartras in appearance and prop-
erties, except that it keeps in the air with-
out attracting moisture. It is prepared
It is prepared
by dissolving one part of boracic acid and
by dissolving one part of boracic acid and
four of cream of tartar in twenty-four
parts of water, and evaporating to dry-
ness at or near the boiling-point, so as to
prevent the premature separation of the
excess of bitartrate of potassa. Its com-
position is KO,BOT.
TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY AND Po-
TASSA. See Antimonii et Potassa Tartras.
TARTRATE OF IRON AND AMMONIA.
See Ferri et Ammonia Tartras.
TARTRATE OF IRON AND POTASSA. See
Ferri et Potassa Tartras.
TARTRATE OF MANGANESE. A salt
formed by the union of tartaric acid and
manganese.
TARTRATE OF POTASSA. See Potassæ
Tartras.
TARTRATE OF POTASSA AND MAGNESIA.
A salt proposed as a safe and pleasant pur-
gative, formed by saturating cream of tar-
tar with carbonate of magnesia.
TARTRATE OF POTASSA AND SODA. See
Potassæ et Soda Tartras.
TARTRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON.
A pulverulent salt, insoluble in water,
and possessing a mild chalybeate taste,
prepared by acting on clean iron filings or
bits of iron wire, with a solution of tartaric
acid.
TARTRATE OF SODA. See Soda Tar-
tras.
TARTRATE OF SODA AND POTASSA. See
Potassa et Sodæ Tartras.
TARTRATE OF THALLIUM. A salt ob-
TARTARATED ANTIMONY. See tained in the form of large, bright crys-
Antimonii et Potassa Tartras.
tals, when a neutral solution of the car-
TARTARATED IRON. See Ferri et Po-bonate in tartaric acid is evaporated to a
tassa Tartras.
syrupy consistence and allowed to cool.
TARTARATED SODA. See Potassæ et The acid tartrate is produced when free
Soda Tartras.
tartaric acid is added to the solution of
TARTARIAN MOSS. See Lecanora the neutral tartrate.
Tartarea.
TARTARIAN SOUTHERN WOOD. A species
of Artemisia, called Artemisia santonica,
TARTROMELS. A name given to
solutions of tartaric acid in honey with
the aid of a small proportion of water.
1
TAR
TEP
387
TARTROVINIC. Of, pertaining to, | abundantly in the former. In Japan it
or designating a certain acid, composed of
tartaric acid in combination with the ele-
ments of ether.
TASCHKENT RHUBARB. A name
given to an inferior quality of Russian
rhubarb, which enters that country by
way of Taschkent.
TASTELESS AGUE DROP. A for-
merly celebrated remedy, for which Fow-
ler's solution of arsenic is a substitute.
TAURIN. A neuter substance con-
taining nitrogen and sulphur, resulting
from the decomposition of choleic acid by
alkalies, with the aid of heat.
TAUROCHILIC ACID. See Choleic
Acid.
TAUSHAN OPIUM. (Taushanly
Opium.) An opium occurring in ex-
tremely irregular and indented cakes, gen-
erally twice as long as broad, and weigh-
ing from three to five ounces. The mass
consists of layers irregularly enveloped in
poppy-leaves, and covered with but few
rumex flowers; it is rich in morphia.
TAXUS BACCATA. (Common Eu-
ropean Yew Tree.) A handsome and well-
known evergreen, the fruit of which is
said to be poisonous, which property seems
to reside in the stone of the fruit, as in the
peach and bitter almond.
forms hedgerows around the rice and corn-
fields; in China, whence immense quan-
tities of tea are exported, whole fields are
devoted to its culture. Tea is astringent
and gently excitant, and in its finer varie-
ties, exerts a decided influence over the
nervous system.
TEABERRY.
Wintergreen.
TEGENARIA DOMESTICA,
TEGENARIA MEDICINALIS,
TELA ARANEE.
See Cobweb.
TELLURATE. A compound of tel-
luric acid and a base.
TELLURET, Any non-acid com-
TELLURIDE. J pound of tellurium
with another element.
TELLURIC ACID. An acid com-
posed of one equivalent of tellurium and
three of oxygen.
TELLURITE.
rous acid and a base.
A compound of tellu-
TELLURITE OF POTASSA. A salt of
tellurium, five grains of which, given to
dogs, produced stupefaction and vomiting,
and the garlic odor of tellurium in the
breath.
TELLURIUM. A metal discovered
by Muller, in 1782, combined with gold
and silver in the ores. It is of a silver-
white color, and in its chemical proper-
ties closely resembles sulphur and se-
lenium.
TENDRIL. A filiform, spiral shoot of
a plant that winds around another body
for the purpose of support.
TEA. The plant which furnishes this
well-known article is the Thea Chinensis,
an evergreen shrub, usually from four to
eight feet high, though capable of attain-
ing the height of thirty feet. The fruit is
a three-celled and three-seeded capsule.
It has not been certainly determined
whether more than one species of the tea
plant exists. Linnæus admitted two spe-
cies, Thea bohea and Thea viridis, differ-
ing in the number of their petals; but this
ground of distinction is untenable, as the
petals are known to vary very much in
the same plant. Hayne makes three
spe-
cies, Thea stricta, Thea bohea, and Thea
viridis, which are distinguished severally
by the shape of their leaves and fruit, and
the direction of the footstalk. The tea TEPHROSIA APOLLINEA. A legu-
plant is a native of China and Japan, and | minous plant, growing in Egypt and Nu-
is cultivated in both countries, but most bia, the leaflets and fruit of which consti-
TENERIFFE WINE. A white wine,
of a somewhat acid taste, and when of
good quality, of a fine aromatic flavor.
Its average strength is about the same as
that of sherry. It is made from the same
grape as Madeira, to which it bears a close
resemblance.
TENIIN. A name proposed for the sup-
posed active principle of the flowers and
unripe fruit of Brayera anthelmintica.
TEP
TER
388
,
tutes an occasional impurity in Alexandria
senna.
TEPHROSIA VIRGINIANA. (Turkey Pea,
Goat's Rue.) A plant growing in most
parts of the United States. It is a foot
or two high, with pubescent stems and
leaves, and handsome terminal flowers,
which are possessed of cathartic proper-
ties.
TEPID BATH. A bath not calculated
to have much modifying influence on the
heat of the body. Its peculiar effects are
to soften and cleanse the skin, and to pro-
mote insensible perspiration.
TERCHLORIDE. A chloride con-
taining three equivalents of chlorine.
TERCHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY SOLU-
TION. See Liquor Antimonii Chloridi.
TERCHLORIDE OF FORMYL. See Chlo-
roform.
TERMINALIA BENZOIN. See Croton
Benzoe.
TERNARY. The number three; three
things taken together; ternion.
TERNATE. Having an arrangement
by threes; three leaflets
leaf.
as a ternate
TERNITRATE. A nitrate containing
three equivalents of nitric acid.
TERNITRATE OF SESQUIOXIDE OF IRON.
A salt in the form of oblique rhombic
prisms, which are either colorless, or of a
delicate lavender color. It is somewhat
deliquescent, very soluble in water, and
sparingly soluble in nitric acid. It con-
sists of three equivalents of nitric acid,
one of sesquioxide of iron, and eighteen
of water.
TERNITRATE OF SESQUIOXIDE OF IRON
SOLUTION. See Ferri Nitratis Liquor.
TERNSTROMIACEÆ. A family of
A family of plants including the genus Thea.
TEREBINTHACEÆ. A family of
plants including the genera Spondias,
Amyris, Terebinthina, &c.
TEREBINTHINA. (Turpentine.) The
concrete juice of Pinus palustris, and other
species of Pinus.
TEREBINTHINA CANADENSIS. See Abies
Balsamea.
TEROLEATE OF GLYCERIN.
(Triolein.) A name given by Berthelot
to a salt supposed to be formed by the pe-
culiar combination of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen in olein.
TEROXIDE OF ANTIMONY. (Ox-
ide of Antimony.) An oxide containing
TEREBINTHINA CHIA. See Chian Tur- one equivalent of antimony and three of
pentine.
TEREBINTHINA VENETA. See Venice
Turpentine.
TEREBINTHINA VULGARIS. A name
given to the common European turpentine
by the former London Pharmacopoeia. It
is furnished by several species of pine, but
chiefly by the P. sylvestris and P. mari-
tima. It is exported from Bordeaux, and
hence sometimes called Bordeaux turpen-
tine.
TEREBINTHINE OLEUM.
Oil of Turpentine.
See
oxygen.
TERPIN. A name given to a crystal-
line hydrated oil of turpentine, formed
by exposing on a plate four volumes of
the oil recently distilled, three of alcohol,
and one of nitric acid. Crystals form at
the end of a week or more.
TERRA ALBA. This is used largely
for the adulteration of cream of tartar,
and is prepared in England from sulphate
of lime.
TERRA DI SIENNA. See Sienna.
TERRA FOLIATA TARTARI. See Acetate
TERIODIDE. An iodide containing of Soda.
three equivalents of iodine.
TERRA JAPONICA. A non-officinal,
Teriodide OF ANTIMONY. See Anti- pale catechu, obtained from the Uncaria
monii Iodidum.
TERIODIDE OF FORMYL. See Iodoform.
TERMINALIA BELLURICA, }
TERMINALIA CHEBULA.
See Myrobalani.
gambir or Nauclea gambir.
TERRA SIGILLATE. A name by which
several species or kinds of bole were for-
merly known.
TERRA TRIPOLITANA. See Tripoli.
TER
TES
389
TERRA UMBRIA. See Umber.
TERRE-VERT. A species of olive-
green earth used by painters, containing
oxide of iron, silica, potash, and water,
with other variable ingredients.
of compounds which would give precip-
itates with free ammonia.
TEST FOR LIQUOR AMMONIE. Chloride
of mercury and carbonate of potassium
have been recommended as a test for the
purpose of detecting the quantity of am-
monia contained in waters.
This gives a
white precipitate with a water containing
TERSULPHATE OF IRON SOLUTION. See 100th part of ammonia, a white tur-
Liquor Ferri Persulphatis.
TERSULPHATE. A sulphate con-
taining three equivalents of sulphuric
acid.
TERSULPHURET. A sulphuret con-
taining three equivalents of sulphur.
TERSULPHURET OF ANTIMONY. The
state in which the native sulphuret of an-
timony exists before being purified by
fusion.
TESTA. See Oyster-Shell.
TESTA OVI. See Putamen Ovi.
TESTA PRÆPARATA. (Prepared Oyster-
Shell.) Take of oyster-shell a convenient
quantity. Free the oyster-shell from
extraneous matter, wash it with boiling
water, and having reduced it to a fine
powder, treat this in the manner directed
for prepared chalk-from which it only
differs in containing animal matter-
which, being intimately blended with the
carbonate of lime, is supposed to render
the preparation more accceptable to a
delicate stomach.
TEST FOR ALKALOIDS. To estab-
lish the presence of an alkaloid, Mr. R.
Wagner treats a liquid with a solution of
iodine in iodide of potassium, decants, and
takes up the precipitate with bisulphide
of sodium, filters, and precipitates again
with an excess of iodine solution. This
precipitate is dissolved in aqueous sul-
phurous acid, the solution carefully evap-
orated, by which means hydriodic and
sulphurous acids are expelled, and the
base left as a sulphate.
1
bidity, after a few minutes, with a water
containing 50th part of ammonia, and
still yields a visible reaction, after five
minutes, when a water contains but
100000th part of ammonia.
TEST FOR METHYLIC ALCOHOL IN
ETHYLIC ALCOHOL. An alkaline solution
of the double iodide of potassium and
mercury is recommended as a test for the
presence of methylic alcohol in ethylic
alcohol. On boiling a few drops of this
with pure spirit of wine, a yellowish-
white precipitate is formed, which is
wanting should methylic alcohol be pres-
ent. Acetone is the principle which is
supposed to prevent the formation of a
precipitate by methylated spirit.
TEST FOR MURIATE OF CINCHONIA.
An admixture of twenty per cent. of
muriate of cinchonia in sulphate of quinia
is readily detected by heating a few grains
of the suspected article carefully on a
platinum foil. Muriate of cinchonia,
muriate of quinia, and quinidia fuse, and
give off, if ignition is avoided, purple
fumes, like the vapor of iodine.
sulphates of the cinchona alkaloids, and
the alkaloids themselves, do not give this
reaction.
The
TEST FOR NICKEL. When a solution
of a salt of nickel is mixed with acetate
of soda, then hypochlorate of soda added,
and the mixture heated to the boiling-
point, a dark-blue precipitate of peroxide
of nickel, soluble in nitric acid, is thrown
down, and deposited on the sides of the
test-tube. The reaction is a very delicate
one.
TEST FOR FREE ACIDS. A solution of
chloride of silver in just sufficient ammo-
nia to make a clear liquid, is recommended
as a test for free acids. When a little of
this solution is added to a liquid contain-
ing but a trace of free acid, it will produce TEST FOR NITRIC ACID. Place in a
cloudiness. Before applying this test, it test-glass about 1 c. c. of pure concentrated
will be necessary to test the liquid with sulphuric acid; to this add, drop by drop,
ammonia, to guard against the presencec. c. of a solution of sulphate of anilin.
HorM
TES
THA
390
Dip a glass rod into the liquid to be tested, | quantity of this acid will cause the solu-
and then into the mixture in the test-glass. tion to become turbid.
On removing the stirrer, when the slight-
est trace of nitric acid is present, red
streaks mark the course of the glass rod.
This reaction depends upon the formation
of fuchsin. It is applicable to detect the
least traces of nitric acid in sulphuric
acid, and in spring and rain waters.
Hyponitric acid produces the same reac-
tion as nitric acid.
TEST FOR ORANGE-FLOWER WATER.
Orange-flower water, when genuine, and
distilled from the flowers, yields a rose
color to a mixture of five parts of the
water with one part of a test solution
composed of twenty parts nitric acid, ten
parts sulphuric acid, and thirty parts
water. Neither water from the leaves
nor from the oil has the same reaction.
TEST TO DISTINGUISH COTTON FROM
LINEN. If the loosened thread of any
fabric be dipped in an alcoholic solution
of red anilin, washed well with water,
and then placed in ammonia, the color
will be discharged in case it is cotton, but
retained by linen thread.
TESTS. Substances employed to detect
any unknown constituent of a compound,
by causing it to exhibit some characteris-
tic property; reagents.
Test-Paper. Paper impregnated with
some reagent, as litmus or turmeric, and
used for detecting the presence of certain
substances in compounds.
Test-Tube. A tube or glass for holding
liquids to be tested; a graduated tube
containing a test solution.
TETRA OR TETRAD. A prefix de-
noting the number four.
TETRACHLORIDE. A chloride con-
the taining four equivalents of chlorine.
TEST FOR OTTO OF ROSES. Mix five
drops of the otto with twenty of pure
sulphuric acid, and, after cooling, add
three drachms absolute alcohol; if
otto is pure, it will remain clear after
boiling; if adulterated, it will be cloudy,
and even form a deposit.
TEST FOR SALICIN. See Quinia Tests.
TEST FOR WINES. As a test for the
genuineness of wines, is recommended
the shaking of a sample with its equal
weight of powdered oxide of manganese.
If, after a quarter of an hour, the filtrate
is bright and discolored, the color of the
wine is natural, while artificially colored
wines remain more or less colored. The
reliability of this test is contradicted.
TEST TO DETECT TARTARIC ACID IN
CITRIC ACID. Warm half a drachm of
the specimen and fifteen grains of mag-
nesium carbonate in six drachms of water.
When a precipitate of magnesium tartrate
is formed, the presence of a considerable
percentage of tartaric acid is proved; if
the solution remains clear, the flask is
dipped in cold water, and, when cold, two
ounces of strong alcohol are added, and
the whole shaken. When, after a while,
the liquid remains clear, the sample is
free of any tartaric acid, for the slightest
TETRACHLORIDE OF CARbon. See Bi-
chloride of Carbon.
A
TETRATHIONATE OF SODA.
salt formed in the solution of iodine by
hyposulphite of soda.
TETRATHIONIC ACID. An acid
consisting of four equivalents of sulphur
and five of oxygen.
TEUCRIUM CHAMÆDRYS.
Chamædrys.
See
See Cat Thyme.
TEUCRIUM MARUM.
TEUCRIUM POLIUM. A species of Teu-
crium, said to have been used with advan-
tage in cholera in the Levant.
TEUCRIUM SCORDIUM. (Water Ger-
mander.) A species of Teucrium growing
in the higher latitudes of Europe. It has
the odor of garlic, and a bitter, pungent
taste. It was formerly esteemed as a cor-
roborant.
TEXAS SARSAPARILLA.
Menispermum Canadense.
See
THALLIC ACID. An acid formed
when oxide of thallium, obtained by pre-
cipitating sesquichloride of thallium with
ammonia, is suspended in strong potash
|lye, and a rapid stream of chlorine passed
THA
THI
391
through in the presence of heat. The so- | filtering again, neutralizing by milk of
lution is colored intensely violet red, and lime, and evaporating to a syrupy consis-
contains thalliate of potassa. This solu- tence. After standing for a week, the
tion is readily concentrated or diluted syrupy liquid will be seen to have set
without decomposition, but readily de- into a crystalline mass of thebolactate of
composed by acids, with protosalts of lime. This being purified by repeated
thallium.
solution and crystallization, and by ani-
mal charcoal, is decomposed by adding
the equivalent quantity of sulphuric acid,
and separating the liberated thebolactic
acid by means of alcohol.
THALLIUM. A very poisonous al-
kaline metal, closely resembling lead in
general appearance, being of nearly the
same color, density, and softness, but in
its chemical relations similar to the alkali
metals potassium and sodium. It is called
Thallium from the bright green line which
it gives to the spectrum analysis, by means
of which it was discovered in 1861 by W.
Crooks of London. There is no known
antidote. Its poison is absorbed, and is
eliminated by all the secretions. It seems
to disorganize the blood.
THALLOCHLOR. A green coloring
substance obtained from and constituting
one of the principles of cetrarin.
THEIN. A crystallizable principle.
identical with caffein obtained from tea.
THEOBROMA CACAO. The cocoa-
nut tree, a handsome tree, from twelve to
twenty feet in height, growing in Mexico,
the West Indies, and South America, in
some parts of which it is largely cultivated,
particularly in Guayaquil and Venezuela.
THEOBROMIA, A nitrogenous crys-
THEOBROMIN. Štallizable principle,
capable of forming salts with the acids,
very bitter, volatilizable without change,
freely soluble in hot alcohol, sparingly so
in hot water, and closely analogous to
caffein, obtained from the kernels of co-
coanuts.
THAPSIA GARGANICA. An um-
belliferous plant growing in Southeastern
Europe, named from the Isle of Thapsos,
where it was obtained. Its root was re-
garded by the ancients as emetic and
purgative. After long neglect it has again
come into use in France, where a resinous
substance derived from it has of late been
in much esteem as a local irritant and re-esteemed efficacious against the effects of
vulsive, under the name of Resin of Thap-
sia.
THERAPEUTICS. That part of medi-
cine which has relation to the discovery
and application of remedies for disease.
THERIACA. An ancient composition,
poison; it was a compound of sixty-four
drugs, prepared, pulverized, and reduced
THAPSIA RESIN. See Thapsia Gar- by means of honey to an electuary, called
ganica.
THEA BOHEA,
THEA CHINENSIS,
See Tea.
THEA STRICTA,
THEA VIRIDIS.
THEBAINA,
THEBAIN. See Paramorphia.
!
also Andromachi, or Venice treacle. The
present confection of opium was intended
as a substitute for theriaca.
THERMOGEN. The elementary mat-
ter of heat; caloric.
THERMOTERION. A name given
to an apparatus for retaining heat; a heat
retainer. It is used for digestion or slow
crystallization.
THEVETIA NERIIFOLIA. A tree,
indigenous in the West Indies, New Gra-
nada, and Peru, the bark and seeds of
which are considered a powerful febri-
THEBOLACTIC ACID. A variety
of lactic acid, said to be a constant ingre-
dient in opium. It is obtained from the
impure mother-liquid of morphia, after
all the alkaloids have been thrown down
by the addition of an alkali, by concen-
trating the liquors to a thick consistence, fuge.
adding alcohol largely, filtering, precipi- THICK-LEAVED PENNYWORT.
tating all basic matter by sulphuric acid, | See Bevilacqua.
THI
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392
THIEVES' VINEGAR. See Mar- composition C20H 16, contained in the oil
seilles Vinegar.
of thyme.
THIONESSAL. A sulphur compound
obtained from petroleum oil having the
composition C6H20S2-
56
THLAPSUS BURSA PASTORIS.
(Shepherd's Purse.) A species of a genus
of cruciferous plants, very common in
Europe, growing everywhere upon walls,
by the roadsides, in gardens, &c. It is a
bitter and pungent plant, and is supposed
to possess astringent properties.
THORIUM. A heavy, gray metal,
which, when heated in the air, takes fire
and burns with great brilliancy.
THORNAPPLE. See Datura Stramo-
nium.
THYMIC ACID, Į A principle con-
THYMOL.
}
crete at ordinary
temperatures, possessing antiseptic prop-
erties analogous to those of carbolic and
cresylic acids and creascte, with which it
is analogous in composition. It may be
obtained by submitting the oil to a pro-
longed refrigeration, under the influence
of which it crystallizes.
THYMOL. See Thymic Acid.
THYMUS SERPYLLUM. The wild
thyme of Europe; it is analogous in prop-
erties to the garden thyme.
Both are
occasionally used in baths, fomentations,
and cataplasms, along with other aromatic
THOROUGH WORT. See Eupato- herbs.
rium.
THRIDACE. The inspissated express-
ed juice of lettuce.
THYMUS VULGARIS. See Thyme.
TIEUTE. See Upas Tieute.
TIFAN. An Australian name for the
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. See Ar- Calophyllum inophyllum.
bor Vitæ.
THUJETIN. A yellow substance ob-
tained by the action of sulphuric acid on
thujine.
THUJIC ACID. See Thujine.
THUJIGENINE. A substance ob-
tained by the action of sulphuric acid on
thujine.
TIGLII OLEUM. See Croton Oil.
TILIACEÆ. An order of plants, to
which belong the genera Elæocarpus and
Heliocarpus.
TIN. See Stannum.
TINCAL. Crude borax, as it is im-
ported from the East Indies, in yellow,
greasy crystals.
TINCTURA ACONITI FOLII.
(Tincture of Aconite Leaf.) Aconite leaf
dried, in fine powder, four troy ounces;
diluted alcohol q. s. to make two pints of
tincture by percolation.
THUJINE. A peculiar crystallizable
coloring principle discovered in the leaves
of the arbor vitæ. It consists of carbon,
forty; hydrogen, twenty-two; and oxy-
gen, twenty-four. Called also thujic acid.
THUS AMERICANUM. The resin TINCTURA ACONITI RADICIS. (Tinctura
of Pinus palustris or Spruce Fir.
Aconiti, Tincture of Aconite Root.) Aco-
THUYA ARTICULATA. See San- nite root, finely powdered, twelve troy
daraca.
THUYA OCCIDENTALIS. See Arbor make two pints of tincture by percolation.
Vitæ.
THYME. The Thymus vulgaris, a
warm, pungent, aromatic, common plant,
indigenous in the south of France and
cultivated in our gardens. Its active con-
stituent is the volatile oil which is obtained
separate by distillation with water.
ounces; alcohol, a sufficient quantity to
TINCTURA ALOES. (Tincture of Aloes.)
Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, a troy
ounce; licorice (ext.), three troy ounces ;
alcohol, half a pint; distilled water, a pint
and a half. Macerate two weeks, and
filter.
TINCTURA ALOES ET MYRRHÆ. (Tinc-
THYMELACEÆ. A family of plants tura Aloes Composita, Tincture of Aloes
including the genera Daphne and Dirca. and Myrrh.) Socotrine aloes, myrrh,
THYMENE. A hydrocarbon, isomeric | each moderately fine, each three troy
with the oil of turpentine, having the ounces; saffron, moderately coarse, a troy
TIN
TIN
393
ounce; alcohol, a sufficient quantity to
make two pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA ARNICE. (Tincture of Ar-
nica.) Arnica flowers, six troy ounces;
alcohol, a pint and a half; water, half a
pint; diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity
to make two pints of tincture by percola-
tion.
diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to
make two pints by percolation.
TINCTURA CAPSICI. (Tincture of Cap-
sicum or Cayenne Pepper.) Capsicum,
a troy ounce; diluted alcohol a sufficient
quantity to make two pints of tincture by
percolation.
TINCTURA CARDAMOMI. (Tincture of
TINCTURA ASAFOETIDE. (Tincture of Cardamom.) Cardamom, powdered, four
Asafoetida.) Asafoetida, bruised, four troy troy ounces; diluted alcohol, a sufficient
ounces; alcohol, two pints. Macerate quantity to make two pints of tincture by
fourteen days and filter.
percolation.
TINCTURA AURANTII. (Tincture of Or-
ange-Peel.) Bitter orange-peel, cut small
and bruised, two ounces (avoirdupois);
proof spirit, one pint (imperial measure).
Macerate seven days, filter, and add spirit
to make one pint.
TINCTURA BELLADONNE. (Tincture of
Belladonna.) Belladonna leaf, dried, in fine
powder, four troy ounces; diluted alcohol
a sufficient quantity to make two pints of
tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA BENZOIN COMPOSITA. See
Compound Tincture of Benzoin.
TINCTURA BUCHU. (Tincture of Bu-
chu.) A tincture prepared in the same
manner as tincture of aconite root, using
two and a half (avoirdupois) ounces of
buchu leaves.
A
TINCTURA CACTI GRANDIFLORI.
saturated tincture, prepared by macerating
for one month, four ounces of the stems
and flowers of Cactus grandiflora in one
pint of alcohol 95°. It is recommended
as a specific remedy in diseases of the
heart.
TINCTURA CALUMBE. (Tincture of Co-
lumbo or Calumba.) Columbo root, mod-
erately fine, four troy ounces; diluted al-
cohol a sufficient quantity to make two
pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA CANNABIS. (Tinctura Can-
nabis Indicæ, Tincture of Hemp, Tincture
of Indian Hemp.) Purified extract of
hemp, 360 grains; alcohol, a pint. Dis-
solve and filter.
TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS. (Tincture of
Cantharides, Tincture of Spanish Flies.)
Cantharides, powdered, a troy ounce;
TINCTURA CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA. See
Compound Tincture of Cardamom.
TINCTURA CASCARILLE. (Tincture of
Cascarilla.) Prepare this tincture from
two and a half ounces (avoirdupois) of
bruised cascarilla in the manner directed
for tincture of aconite root.
TINCTURA CASTOREI. (Tincture of Cas-
tor.) Castor, bruised, two troy ounces;
alcohol, two pints. Macerate seven days,
and filter.
TINCTURA CATECHU. Catechu, mod-
erately coarse, three troy ounces; cinna-
mon, moderately coarse, two troy ounces;
diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to
make two pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA CHINOIDEI. Chinoidin, two
parts; alcohol, fifteen parts; hydrochloric
acid, one part. Dissolve and filter.
TINCTURA CHIRATA. (Tincture of Chi-
retta.) Chiretta, cut small and bruised,
two and a half avoirdupois ounces; proof
spirit, one imperial pint. Proceed in the
manner directed for tincture of aconite
root.
TINCTURA CHLOROFORMI COMPOSITA.
See Compounds.
TINCTURA CINCHONE. (Tinctura Cin-
chonce Flava, Tincture of Cinchona, Tinc-
ture of Yellow Cinchona, Tincture of Peru-
vian Bark.) Yellow cinchona, moderately
fine, six troy ounces; diluted alcohol, a
sufficient quantity to make two pints of
tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA CINCHONÆ COMPOSITA. See
Compounds.
TINCTURA CINCHONE FERRATA. (Fer-
rated Tincture of Peruvian Bark.) Dis-
place one troy ounce of Calisaya bark, six
ΤΙΝ
TIN
394
**
drachms of bitter orange-peel, and one
and a half drachms of serpentaria with
diluted alcohol, until ten fluid ounces of
percolate is obtained. This is agitated
with subcarbonate of iron until a portion
filtered off no longer produces a precip-
itate with solution of subsulphate of iron.
It is then filtered, brought to the measure
of ten fluid ounces by the addition of boil- |
ing alcohol, and ferrated by the addition
of 160 grains of soluble citrate of iron.
TINCTURA CINNAMOMI. (Tincture of
Cinnamon.) Powdered cinnamon, three
troy ounces; alcohol and water, each a suf-
ficient quantity; mix the alcohol and water
in the proportion of two measures of the
former to one of the latter, and make two
pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA Cocci. (Tincture of Coch-
ineal.) Powdered cochineal, two ounces
and a half (avoirdupois); proof spirit (im-
perial measure), one pint. Macerate seven
days, and filter.
TINCTURA COLCHICI. (Tinctura Col-
chici Seminum, Tincture of Colchicum, or
Colchicum Seeds.) Colchicum seeds (mod.
fine), four troy ounces; diluted alcohol, a
sufficient quantity to make two pints of
tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA COLOCYNTHIDIS. Colocynth,
deprived of the seed and finely cut, eight
parts; star anise, one part; alcohol, sp.
gr. 0.83, ninety-six parts.
TINCTURA CONII. (Tinctura Conii
Fructus, Tincture of Hemlock, Tincture of
Hemlock Fruit, Tincture of Conium.)
Hemlock leaves (powdered), four troy
ounces; diluted alcohol, a sufficient quan-
tity to make two pints of tincture by per-
colation.
|
Digitalis, or Foxglove) Powdered digi-
talis, four troy ounces; diluted aicohol,
a sufficient quantity to make two pints of
tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA ERGOTE. (Tincture of Er-
got )
Ergot, coarsely powdered, five
ounces (avoirdupois); proof spirit, one
imperial pint. Proceed in the manner
directed for tincture of aconite root.
TINCTURA FERRI ACETATIS. (Tincture
of Acetate of Iron.) Solution of persul-
phate of iron, two and a half fluid ounces
(imperial measure); acetate of potash, two
ounces (avoirdupois); rectified spirit, a
sufficiency. Dissolve the acetate of potash
in ten fluid ounces, and add the solution
of persulphate of iron to eight fluid ounces
of the spirit; then mix the two solutions
in a two-pint bottle, and shake them well
together, repeating the agitation several
times during an hour. Put the tincture,
with the precipitated salt contained in it,
upon a filter, and when the liquid has
ceased to run through, put as much recti-
fied spirit upon the filter as will make the
filtered product measure one pint.
TINCTURA FERRI ACETICI ÆTHEREa.
Solution of acetate of iron, nine parts;
alcohol, sp. gr. 083, two parts; acetic
ether, one part. Mix.
TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDI. (Tinc-
tura Ferri Perchloridi, Ferri Muriatis
Tinctura, Tincture of Chloride of Iron,
Tincture of Perchloride of Iron, Tincture of
Muriate of Iron.) Take of iron, in the
form of wire and cut in pieces, three troy
ounces; muriatic acid, seventeen troy
ounces and a half; alcohol, three pints;
nitric acid, distilled water, each a suffi-
cient quantity. Introduce the iron into a
flask of the capacity of two pints; pour
upon it eleven troy ounces of the muriatic
acid, and allow the mixture to stand until
effervescence has ceased. Then heat it to
the boiling-point, decant the liquid from
the undissolved iron, filter it through
paper, and having rinsed the flask with a
little boiling distilled water, add this to it
through the filter. Pour the filtered liquid
into a capsule of the capacity of four pints,
(Tincture of add the remainder of the muriatic acid,
TINCTURA CROCI. (Tincture of Saffron.)
Saffron, one avoirdupois ounce; proof
spirit, one imperial pint. Proceed in the
manner directed for tincture of aconite
root.
Tinctura CubEBÆ. (Tincture of Cubeb
or Cubebs.) Cubeb (mod. fine), four troy
ounces; diluted alcohol, a sufficient quan-
tity to make two pints of tincture by per-
colation.
TINCTURA DIGITALIS.
TIN
TIN
395
and having heated the mixture nearly to
the boiling-point, add a troy ounce and a
half of nitric acid. When effervescence
has ceased, drop in nitric acid, constantly
stirring, until it no longer produces effer-
vescence. Lastly, when the liquid is cold,
add sufficient distilled water to make it
measure a pint, and mix it with the al-
cohol.
TINCTURA FERRI POMATA. Extract
ferri pomati, one part; spirituous cinna-
mon water (distilled, containing one-sixth
alcohol), twelve parts. Dissolve and filter.
TINCTURA GALLE. (Tincture of Nut-
gall, Tincture of Galls.) Nutgall, mod-
erately fine, four troy ounces; diluted al-
cohol, a sufficient quantity to make two
pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA GENTIANÆ COMPOSITA. See
Compounds.
TINCTURA GUAIACI. (Tincture of
Guaiac.) Guaiac, moderately coarse, six
troy ounces; alcohol, a sufficient quantity.
Mix the powder thoroughly with an equal
bulk of dry sand, pack the mixture mod-
erately in a conical percolator, and having
covered it with a layer of sand, gradually
pour alcohol upon it until two pints of
tincture are obtained.
Iodine, a troy ounce; alcohol, a pint. Dis-
solve the iodine in the alcohol.
TINCTURA IODINII COMPOSITA. See
Compounds.
TINCTURA IPECACUANHE. Ipecac root,
coarsely powdered, one part; alcohol eight
parts.
TINCTURA JALAPA. (Tincture of Jalap.)
Jalap, in fine powder, six troy ounces; al-
cohol and water, in the proportions of two
measures of the former to one of the latter,
a sufficient quantity to make two pints of
tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA KINO. (Tincture of Kino.)
Kino, in course powder, two ounces (avoir-
dupois); rectified spirit, one pint (im-
perial measure). Macerate for seven days,
and filter.
TINCTURA KRAMERIÆ. (Tincture of
Rhatany.) Rhatany, in moderately fine
powder, six troy ounces; diluted alcohol, a
sufficient quantity to make two pints of
tincture by percolation.
(Tincture of
TINCTURA LIMONIS.
Lemon-peel.) Fresh lemon-peel, two and
a half ounces (avoirdupois); proof spirit,
one pint (imperial measure). Macerate
seven days, and filter.
TINCTURA LOBELIE. (Tincture of Lo-
TINCTURA GUAIACI AMMONIATA. belia.) Lobelia, in fine powder, four troy
(Tinctura Guaiaci Composita, Ammoniated ounces; diluted alcohol, a sufficient quan-
Tincture of Guaiac.) Guaiac, moderately tity to make two pints of tincture by per-
coarse, six troy ounces; aromatic spirit of colation.
ammonia, two pints. Macerate for seven
days, and filter.
TINCTURA HELLEBORI. (Tincture of
Black Hellebore.) Black hellebore, mod-
erately fine, four troy ounces; diluted al-
cohol, a sufficient quantity to make two
pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA HUMULI. (Tinctura Lupuli,
Tincture of Hops.) Hops, in moderately
coarse powder, five troy ounces; diluted
alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make two
pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA LOBELIE ETHEREA. See
Ethereal Tincture of Lobelia.
TINCTURA LUPULINE. (Tincture of
Lupulin.) Lupulin, four troy ounces; al-
cohol, a sufficient quantity to make two
pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA MYRRHÆ. (Tincture of
Myrrh.) Myrrh, in moderately coarse
powder, three troy ounces; alcohol, a suffi-
cient quantity to make two pints of tinc-
ture by percolation.
TINCTURA NUCIS VOMICE. (Tincture
TINCTURA HYOSCYAMI. (Tincture of of Nux Vomica.) Take of nux vomica,
Henbane, Tinctura Hyoscyamus.) Hen-in fine powder, eight troy ounces; alcohol,
bane leaf, in fine powder, four troy ounces; a sufficient quantity. Mix the powder
diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to with a pint of alcohol, and digest for
make two pints of tincture by percolation. twenty-four hours, in a close vessel, with
TINCTURA IODINII. (Tincture of Iodine.) a gentle heat, then transfer the mixture
TIN
TIN
396
to a cylindrical percolator, and gradually
pour alcohol upon it, until two pints of
tincture are obtained.
TINCTURA OPII. (Tincture of Opium.
Laudanum.) Take of opium, dried, and
in moderately fine powder, two troy ounces
and a half; water, alcohol, each, a pint;
diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity.
Macerate the opium with the water for
three days, with frequent agitation, then
add the alcohol, and continue the macer-
ation for three days longer. Introduce
the mixture into a percolator, and, when
the liquid has ceased to pass, pour diluted
alcohol upon it, until two pints of tincture
are obtained.
TINCTURA OPII ACETATA. (Acetated
Tincture of Opium.) Take of opium, dried,
and in moderately fine powder, two troy
ounces; vinegar, twelve fluid ounces;
alcohol, half a pint. Rub the opium with
the vinegar, then add the alcohol, and,
having macerated for seven days, express,
and filter through paper.
sulphate of quinia in the tincture, with the
aid of a gentle heat, then allow the solution
to remain for three days in a closed vessel,
shaking it occasionally, and afterwards
filter.
TINCTURA RHEI. (Tincture of Rhu-
barb.) Take of rhubarb, in moderately
coarse powder, three troy ounces; carda-
mom, in moderately fine powder, half a
troy ounce; diluted alcohol, a sufficient
quantity. Mix the powders, and, having
moistened the mixture with a fluid ounce
of diluted alcohol, pack it moderately in
a conical percolator, and gradually pour
diluted alcohol upon it, until two pints of
tincture are obtained.
Rhubarb,
TINCTURA RHEI AQUOSA.
cut in thin slices, twelve parts; carbonate
of potassa, three parts; spirituous cinna-
mon-water, sixteen parts; water, ninety-
six parts. Macerate twenty-four hours,
express, and filter.
TINCTURA RHEI ET ALOES. (Elixir
Sacrum, Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes,
TINCTURA OPII AMMONIATA. See Am- Sacred Elixir.) Take of rhubarb, bruised,
moniated Tincture of Opium.
TINCTURA OPII CAMPHORATA.
Camphorated Tincture of Opium.
ten drachms; aloes, in powder, six
See drachms; cardamom seeds, bruised, half
an ounce; diluted alcohol, two pints.
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and
filter through paper.
TINCTURA OPII DEODORATA. A tinc-
ture of opium deprived of the noxious
odorous matter peculiar to it.
TINCTURA PHYSOSTIGMA VENENOSI.
(Tincture of Calabar Beans.) Percolate
a half pint of tincture with a mixture of
seven ounces alcohol and three ounces of
water from one ounce of powdered Cala-
bar beans.
TINCTURA RHEI ET GENTIANE. (Tinc-
ture of Rhubarb and Gentian.) Rhubarb,
bruised, two troy ounces; gentian, bruised,
half a troy ounce; diluted alcohol, two
pints. Macerate two weeks, and filter.
TINCTURA RHEI ET SENNÆ. (Tinclure
of Rhubarb and Senna, Warner's Gout
Cordial.) Rhubarb, in moderately coarse
powder, a troy ounce; senna, red saun-
ders, in moderately coarse powder, each,
two drachms; coriander, fennel, extract
licorice, in moderately coarse powder,
TINCTURA PYRETHRI. (Tincture of
Pellitory.) Pellitory root, four ounces
(avoirdupois); rectified spirit, one pint
(imperial measure). Proceed in the man-
ner directed for tincture of aconite.
TINCTURA QUASSIA. (Tincture of Quas-each, half a drachm; raisins (seedless),
sia.) Quassia, moderately fine, two troy
ounces; diluted alcohol, a sufficient quan-
tity to make two pints of tincture by per-
colation.
TINCTURA QUINIE. (Tincture of Qui-
niæ.) Sulphate of quinia, one hundred
and sixty grains; tincture of orange-peel,
one pint (imperial measure). Dissolve the
six troy ounces; diluted alcohol, three
pints. Macerate two weeks, and filter.
TINCTURA RHEI VINOSA. Rhubarb,
cut fine, eight parts; orange-peel-de-
prived of the inner white portion-two
parts; cardamom seeds, one part; sherry
wine, ninety-six parts. To the filtered
tincture add white sugar, twelve parts.
TIN
TIN
397
TINCTURA SABINE. (Tincture of Savin.) rian, one part; spirit of ether, eight
Savin tops, dried and coarsely powdered, parts.
two and a half ounces (avoirdupois); proof
spirit, one imperial pint. Proceed in the
manner directed for tincture of aconite
root.
TINCTURA VALERIANE AMMONIATA.
Ammoniated tincture of valerian.
TINCTURA VERATRI VIRIDIS. (Tinc-
ture of American Hellebore, Tincture of
TINCTURA SANGUINARIÆ. (Tincture Green Hellebore.) American hellebore,
of Bloodroot.) Bloodroot, in moderately
fine powder, four troy ounces; diluted
alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make two
pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA SCILLE. (Tincture of Squill.)
Squill, moderately coarse powder, four
troy ounces; diluted alcohol, a sufficient
quantity to make two pints of tincture by
percolation.
TINCTURA SENEGE. (Tincture of Sen-
ega.) Senega root, in coarse powder, two
and a half ounces (avoirdupois); proof
spirit, one imperial pint. Proceed in the
manner directed for tincture of aconite
root.
in moderately fine powder, sixteen troy
ounces; alcohol, a sufficient quantity to
make two pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS. (Tincture of
Ginger.) Ginger in fine powder, eight
troy ounces; alcohol, a sufficient quantity
to make two pints of tincture by percola-
tion.
TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS FORTIOR. See
Essence of Ginger.
TINCTURE OF SOAP.
Soap dis-
solved in cold or boiling alcohol.
TINCTURE OF SOAP, CAMPHORATED.
See Camphorated Tinctures.
TINCTURES. Solutions of medicinal
TINCTURA SENNE. See Compound substances in alcohol or diluted alcohol,
Tincture of Senna.
TINCTURA SERPENTARIA. (Tincture
of Virginia Snakeroot.) Serpentaria, in
moderately fine powder, four troy ounces;
diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to
make two pints of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA STRAMONII, (Tincture of
Stramonium.) Stramonium seed, moder-
ately fine, four troy ounces; diluted alco-
hol, a sufficient quantity to make two pints
of tincture by percolation.
TINCTURA SUMBUL. (Tincture of Sum-
bul) Sumbul root, in coarse powder, two
and a half ounces (avoirdupois); proof
spirit, an imperial pint. Proceed in the
manner directed for tincture of aconite
root.
TINCTURA TOLUTANA. (Tincture of
Tolu.) Balsam of tolu, three troy ounces;
alcohol, two pints. Macerate the balsam
with the alcohol until it is dissolved, then
filter.
TINCTURA VALERIANE. (Tincture of
Valerian.) Valerian in moderately fine
powder, four troy ounces; diluted alco-
hol, a sufficient quantity to make two pints
of tincture by percolation.
prepared by maceration, digestion, or per-
colation. Solutions in spirit of ammonia
and ethereal spirit are embraced under the
same denomination, but are severally dis-
tinguished by the titles of Ammoniated
Tinctures and Ethereal Tinctures.
The advantages of alcohol as a menstru-
um are, that it dissolves principles which
are sparingly or not at all soluble in water,
and contributes to their preservation when
dissolved; while it leaves behind some
inert substances which are dissolved by
water. In no instance whatever is abso-
lute alcohol employed.
TINDER. See Agaric.
TIN-FOIL. Tin beaten out into thin
leaves.
TIN-FOIL, FALSE. See False Tin-Foil.
TIN-LIQUOR. A solution of tin used
by dyers.
TIN-MORDANT. The solution of muri-
ate of tin, used as a mordant in dyeing.
TINKALZITE. A mineral contain-
ing 34 per cent. of water, 11.95 of soda,
14.45 of lime, 34.71 of boracic acid, 1.34
of chlorine, 1.10 of sulphuric acid, 0.60
of silica, and 2 of sand; and may be con-
TINCTURE VALERIANÆ ÆTHER. Vale-sidered as a compound essentially of one
TIN
TOR
398
equivalent of crystallized borate of soda, | KO.
two of borate of lime, and two more of
water.
It is little soluble in water, easily
in other solvents; intensely yellow with
pine wood.
TOLUIFERA BALSAMUM. A
name formerly given to the tree from
which balsam of tolu is derived. It is
now admitted that the genus Toluifera
TINNEVELLY SENNA. A variety
of India senna cultivated at Tinnevelly.
TITANATE. A compound formed by
the union of titanic acid and a base.
TITANIC. Of, or pertaining to, ti- was formed upon insufficient grounds;
tanium.
TITANIUM. A metal discovered by
Gregor, in 1791, in Cornwall, England.
It is of a deep blue color.
TITHONIC. Pertaining to, or denot-
ing those rays of light which produce
chemical effects.
and botanists agree in referring the tolu
balsam tree to the genus Myroxylon, or
as it was afterwards named, Myrosper-
mum.
TOLUYLIC ACID. An acid obtained
by the action of sodium on the bromine
compound of toluole in a stream of car-
TITRATE. To analyze by means of bonic acid.
standard solutions.
TITRATION. Volumetric analysis.
TOAD-FLAX. Common. See An-
tirrhinum Linaria.
TOAD-STOOL. A mushroom.
TOBACCO. The commercial dried
leaves of Nicotiana tabacum, an annual
plant with a large fibrous root and an
erect, round, hairy, viscid stem, which
branches near the top, and rises from
three to six feet in height. The plant is
supposed to be a native of tropical Amer-
ica, where it was found by the Spaniards
on their arrival. Tobacco unites, with
the powers of a sedative narcotic, those of
an emetic and diuretic.
TODDALIA. A genus of plants which
it is supposed produces the article called
African cubebs.
TODDY. A juice drawn from various
kinds of the palm in the East Indies; or
a spirituous liquor prepared from it.
mixture of spirit and water sweetened.
A
TOKAY. A kind of wine produced at
Tokay, in Hungary, made of white grapes.
It is distinguished from other wines by its
aromatic taste. It is not good till it is
about three years old.
TOLENE. A name given to the vola-
tile oil obtained from balsam of tolu,
which, when pure, is a carbohydrogen.
TOLU BALSAM. See Balsams.
TOLUDINA. An artificial alkaloid
composed of C₁H,H₂N, obtained from oil
of turpentine by the action of NO, and
5
TOMATO.
сит.
See Solanum Lycopersi-
TOMENTOSE. Covered with hairs
so close as scarcely to be discernible, as a
tomentose stem or leaf.
TONICS. Medicines that increase the
strength and impart vigor of action to
the system.
TONKA BEAN. The fruit or seed of
Dipterix odorata, or Coumarouna odorata,
a large tree growing in Guiana. The bean
has a strong, agreeable, aromatic odor,
and a bitterish, aromatic taste.
It is em-
ployed in the scenting of snuff.
TOOTHACHE TREE. See Aralia
Spinosa.
TOOTH-POWDER. A powder for
cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice.
TOOT PLANT. (Toot Poison.) See
Coriaria Ruscifolia.
TORMENTIL,
TORMENTILLA,
TORMENTILLA ERECTA,
TORMENTILLA OFFICINALIS.
See Potentilla Tormentilla.
TORREFACTION. See Torrefy.
TORREFY. To dry or parch, as drugs,
on a metallic plate, till they are friable, or
are reduced to the state desired.
TORREYA CALIFORNIA.
California Nutmeg.
See
A name
TORULA CEREVISIÆ.
given to a microscopic vegetable, to which,
to a great extent, the fermentative change
in the vinous fermentation is due.
TOS
TRI
399
wood.
TRAUMATIC. A medicine for the
cure of wounds.
TO STAIN WOOD TO RESEMBLE a fluid may transude through leather or
MAHOGANY. Take one gallon of water,
eight ounces of madder, four ounces of
fustic. Boil and brush on while hot, and
before it dries, streak with black to vary
the grain. This imitates Honduras ma-
hogany.
TOUCH-ME-NOT. See Balsam Weed.
TOUCH-PAPER. Paper steeped in
saltpetre, which burns slowly and is used
as a match for firing gunpowder and the
like.
TOUCHWOOD. See Agaric.
TOURMALINE. A mineral obtained
from the iron mines of Utön, a variety of
which contains lithia.
TOURNIQUET. A surgical instru-
ment, or bandage, which is tightened or
relaxed with a screw, and used to check
the flow of blood, as from wounds.
TOUS LES MOIS. See Canna.
TOW. See Oakum.
TOXICODENDRIC ACID. A name
given by Professor Maisch to a volatile
acid, having properties analogous to,
though distinct from, formic and acetic
acids, obtained from the leaves of the
Rhus toxicodendron.
TOXICODENDRON. See Poison-Oak.
TOXICOLOGY. The science which
treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes,
and recognition.
TRAGACANTH. (Tragacantha, Gum
Tragacanth.) The concrete juice of As-
tragalus verus, and of other species of As-
tragalus. It is demulcent; but, on ac-
count of its difficult solubility, is not often
given internally. It is used for many of
the purposes for which gum arabic is em-
ployed.
TRAGACANTHIN.
A name given
to the insoluble portion of tragacanth. It
ranks among the peculiar proximate prin-
ciples, and is probably identical with bas-
sorin.
TRAILING ARBUTUS. See Arbutus.
TRANSPARENT SOAP. See Soaps.
TRANSUDATION. The same as ex-
osmose.
TRANSUDE. To pass through the
pores or interstices of texture as a fluid;
TRAVELLERS' JOY. See Clematis
Vitalba
TREACLE. A viscid, uncrystallizable
syrup, which drains from the sugar re-
finer's moulds; sometimes called sugar-
house molasses.
TREE PRIMROSE. See Enothera
Biennis.
TREHALOSE. The crystallizable prin-
ciple of Turkish manna. Composition
C₁₂H11011+2Aq.
TREMELLA. A species of fungus, of
a gelatinous consistence, found in moist
grounds.
TRIANOSPERMIA. An alkaloid ob-
tained from the root of the Brazilian
tayuya de pimenta comari, or Trianosperma
ficifolia. It crystallizes in colorless needles,
is inodorous, of a biting taste, insoluble in
ether, soluble in alcohol and water, has an
alkaline reaction, and furnishes with sul-
phuric acid a crystallizable salt. It ap-
pears to be purgative.
TRIBASIC. Containing three equiva-
lents of base to one of acid.
TRIBASIC PHOSPHORIC ACID. See Acids.
TRICHINA. An animal parasite found
in the voluntary muscles of animals, and
sometimes in man, producing death by its
presence.
TRICHLOR-DRACYLIC ACID. A
compound consisting of С₁HOCl„, pro-
duced by oxidizing trichlor-toluol with
bichromate of potassa and sulphuric acid
at a boiling temperature. It separates as
an insoluble compound, which is purified
by conversion into a soda salt and precip-
itation, and repeating this several times.
A com-
TRICHLORO-BENZOLE.
pound obtained by the direct action of
chlorine on benzole vapor. The action is
rapid, and the yield abundant.
TRIFOLIATE. Having three leaves.
TRIFOLIUM MELILOTUS. A spe-
cies of Trifolium, the odorous principle of
which is said to be identical with cou-
marin.
-
TRI
TRI
400
TRIGLYCOLAMIDIC ETHER. An
oily liquid, volatile at from 280° to 290°
C. with partial decomposition, has a faint
fruity odor, and burns with a bright flame.
It is prepared by heating triglycolamidate
of silver with iodide of ethyl in a sealed
tube.
TRIGONELLA FENUMGRÆCUM.
See Fenugreek.
TRILLIIN. A concentrated eclectic
medicine, extracted from beet-root by a
concealed process. It is said to be astrin-
gent, tonic, alterative, and expectorant, in
doses of four to eight grains. It must not
be confounded with trilline, a neutral acrid
principle.
TRILLIUM. An indigenous genus of
pretty little herbaceous plants, growing
in woods and shady places. The roots are
astringent, tonic, expectorant, and al-
terative. Trillium erectum is generally
esteemed most active. Trillium pendulum
is used especially in menorrhagia.
TRILLIUM ERECTUM,
TRILLIUM PENDULUM.
TRILOCULAR. Having three cells
for seeds; three-celled; as, a trilocular
capsule.
See Trillium.
}s
TRIMETRIC. Having three unequal
axes intersecting at right angles, as the
rectangular and rhombic prisms.
TRIMETHYLAMIN. A
A principle
analogous to propylamin, existing in the
juice of Cotyledon umbilicus.
TRIMORPHISM. The property of
crystallizing in three forms, fundamen-
tally distinct, as with titanic acid, one of
the forms of which is the mineral anatase,
another rutile, another brookite, the first
two being dimetric, the last being tri-
metric.
TRINITRO-CELLULOSE.
cotton.
of one equivalent of a base with three
equivalents of oxygen.
TRIPETALOUS. Having three petals
or flower leaves.
TRIPHANE. A mineral of the iron
mines of Utön, in which the alkali lithia
has been found.
TRIPHYLENE. A mineral in which
lithia has been found.
TRIPOLI. (Terra Tripolitana.) An
earthy mineral, of a whitish, yellowish,
or pale-straw color, sometimes inclining
to red or brown, usually friable, often ad-
hesive to the tongue, and presenting the
aspect of argillaceous earth, though differ-
ing from clay by the roughness and hard-
ness of its particles, and by not forming a
paste with water. The Venice tripoli is
said to come from Corfu. It is used for
cleaning and polishing metals.
TRIPOLI SENNA. See Cassia Ethiopica.
TRIPSIS. The act of reducing a sub-
stance to powder; trituration.
TRISEPALOUS. Having three sepals.
TRISPERMOUS. Containing three
seeds.
TRITICUM. A genus of plants, in-
cluding the various species of wheat.
TRITICUM ÆSTIVUM. Spring wheat.
TRITICUM COMPOSITUM. Egyptian
wheat.
}
Common
TRITICUM HIBERNUM,
TRITICUM VULGARE. winter wheat.
TRITICUM REPENS. See Chiendent.
TRITURATION. The effect produced
where a circular motion, accompanied by
pressure, is communicated to the pestle.
It is applied most generally to friable sub-
stances, or to powders obtained by other
means, with a view to their further and
Gun- more regular comminution. The opera-
tion is accelerated by alternately increas-
ing and diminishing the circular move-
ments, so as to bring the pestle in contact
with all parts of the surface of the mor-
|tar. Dover's powder and red oxide of
mercury are instances requiring this opera-
tion; and in prescriptions for powders,
where different substances of variable mo-
TRINKERIT. The name of a new
fossil resin found in Carpano, Istria. It
has the composition: carbon, 81.1; hy-
drogen, 11.2; sulphur, 4.7; oxygen, 3.0=
100.00. It is completely combustible.
TRIOLEIN. See Teroleate of Glycerin.
TRIOSTEUM. See Fever Root.
TRIOXIDE. A non-acid compound | lecular condition are associated, this pro-
TRO
TUN
401
cess is employed to bring them to a uni- in cases of hernia, to keep up the reduced
form state of division.
parts and hinder further protrusion.
TUB CAMPHOR. See Dutch Cam-
TROCHES.
(Lozenges, Trochisci.)
Small, dry, solid masses, usually of a flat-phor.
root.
tened shape, consisting for the most part TUBER. A fleshy, rounded stem or
of powders incorporated with sugar and root, usually containing starchy matter,
mucilage. They are designed to be held as the arrowroot; a thickened root-stock,
in the mouth, and dissolved slowly in the or subterraneous portion of a stem.
saliva, and are, therefore, adapted for the TUBEROSE. A plant with a tuberous
administration of those medicines only
which do not require to be given in large
quantities, and are destitute of any very
disagreeable flavor. They are much more
used and more skilfully prepared in Eu-
rope than in this country. Tragacanth,
from the greater tenacity of its mucilage,
is better suited for their formation than
gum arabic.
TRONA. A native sesquicarbonate of
soda.
TROPIA. A name given to a peculiar
base formed by heating atropia with ba-
ryta-water.
TROY WEIGHT. The weight by
which gold and silver, jewels, and the like
are weighed. In this weight the pound is
divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20
pennyweights, and the pennyweight into
24 grains. The avoirdupois pound con-
tains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds
troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois. Troy
weight, when divided, the pound into 12
ounces, the ounce into 8 drachms, the
drachm into 3 scruples, and the scru-
ple into 20 grains, is apothecaries' weight,
used in weighing medicines. In the
standard weights of the United States,
the troy ounce is divided decimally down
to the Too part.
1
10000
TRUE-LOVE.
A plant of the genus
Paris (Paris quadrifolia), possessing nar-
cotic properties, and formerly regarded as
a powerful love philter.
TUBEROUS. Consisting of tubers.
TUBULURE. A short tubular open-
ing at the top of a retort.
TULIP-TREE BARK. See Lirioden-
dron.
TUNBRIDGE WATER.
A chalyb-
eate water, a wine gallon of which con-
tains:
2 46 grains of chloride of sodium,
0.39
0.29 "
((
1.41
0.27
2.22
66
calcium,
magnesium,
sulphate of lime,
carbonate of lime,
oxide of iron,
manganese, vegetable fibre, silica, &c.,
0.44 grains; loss, 0 13 Total, 7.61 grains.
TUNGSTATE. A salt formed by the
combination of tungstic acid with a base.
TUNGSTATE OF MAGNESIA A com-
pound formed by saturating hydrated
tungstic acid with carbonate of magnesia,
and allowing the solution to evaporate
spontaneously. Saline crusts are first
formed, which must be removed, as they
are insoluble in water. The above com-
pound then crystallizes out in shining
prisms, which are permanent in the air,
slowly soluble in cold, but readily soluble
in hot water.
TUNGSTEN. A metal of a grayish-
white color, and considerable lustre, dis-
covered by D'Elhuyart, in 1781. It is
brittle, nearly as hard as steel, and is fused
TRUMPET FLOWER. A plant of with extreme difficulty. Its specific grav-
the genus Zecoma; also of the genus Loni-ity is near 17.6. When heated to redness
in the open air, it takes fire, and is con-
TRUMPET PLANT. A plant of the verted into tungstic acid; an acid com-
genus Eupatorium (Eupatorium purpu-posed of one equivalent of the metal tung-
reum). See Flycatcher.
sten and two equivalents of oxygen, or of
TRUSS. A bandage or apparatus used one equivalent of tungsten and three of
cera.
26
TUN
TUR
402
oxygen. Tungsten is sometimes called cess of acid or alkaline vapors should be
Wolframium.
TUNGSTEN OCHRE. A yellow or yel-
lowish-green mineral, occurring either
earthy or in crystals, consisting of pure
tungstic acid.
TUNGSTIC ACID. See Tungsten.
TUNGSTIC ETHER. An ether formed
by the action of oxychloride of tungsten
on strong alcohol. By simply shaking
them together, the oxychloride is dis-
solved, and the solution, which is at first
clear, becomes turbid in a short time, and
in twenty-four hours a white, flocculent
precipitate forms, which is the ether in
question.
TUPELO. A North American tree of
the dogwood family, and of the genus
Nyssa.
TURKEY CORN. See Corydalis For-
mosa.
TURKEY GUM. The variety of gum
arabic obtained from Egypt. It is the
kind with which druggists are generally
supplied.
TURKEY MYRRH. A name given to a
superior variety of myrrh, formerly
brought from the shores of the Red Sea by
way of Egypt and the Levant.
TURKEY OPIUM. A title belonging to
the opium produced in the Turkish prov-
ince of Anatolia, and exported from
carefully avoided.
TURNER'S CERATE. See Calamine
Cerate.
TURNSOLE. See Lacmus.
TURPENTINE A term usually ap-
plied to certain vegetable juices, liquid or
concrete, which consist of resin, combined
with a peculiar essential oil, called oil of
turpentine. They are generally procured
from different species of pine, fir, or larch,
though other trees afford products which
are known by the same general title.
TURPENTINE, BORDEAUX. See Bor-
deaux Turpentine.
TURPENTINE CAMPHOR. A camphor
discovered in cavities near the core of a
semidecomposed pine tree stump, in Shasta
County, California.
TURPENTINE, CANADA. See Abies Bal-
samea.
TURPENTINE, CHIAN. See Chian Tur-
pentine.
TURPENTINE, COMMON AMERICAN. See
White Turpentine.
TURPENTINE, COMMON EUROPEAN. See
Pinus Sylvestris.
TURPENTINE, DAMARRA. See Damarra
Turpentine.
TURPENTINE, DOMBEYA. See Dombeya
Turpentine.
TURPENTINE OIL. See Oils.
TURPENTINE, STRASBURG. See Stras-
Smyrna and Constantinople. According burg Turpentine.
to some authorities, there is no essential
difference between the parcels of the drug
brought from these two ports.
TURKEY PEA See Corydalis Formosa
and Galega Officinalis.
TURKEY RHUBARB. See Bucharian
Rhubarb.
TURLINGTON'S BALSAM. The
compound tincture of benzoin.
A paper used as a
TURMERIC. See Curcuma.
TURMERIC PAPER.
test, prepared by tinging white unsized
paper with a tincture or decoction of tur-
meric. The tincture may be made with
one part of turmeric to six parts of proof
spirit; the decoction with one part of the
root to ten or twelve of water. The ac-
TURPENTINE, VENICE. See Venice Tur-
pentine.
TURPENTINE, WHITE. See White Tur-
pentine.
TURPENTINIC ACID. An acid
formed by boiling, for a long time, oil of
turpentine in nitric acid.
TURPETH,
See Convolvulus
TURPETHUM. Ì Turpethum.
TURPETH MINERAL. See Hydrargyri
Sulphas Flavus.
TURPETH RESIN. See Convolvulus Tur-
pethum.
TURPETHINE. An amorphous,
brownish-yellow, inodorous substance, at
first tasteless, but subsequently becoming
sharp, bitter, and irritating, obtained from
TUR
UNC
403
the root of Ipomoea turpethum. It forms parts of sulphur, carbonate of soda, and
numerous compounds.
TURTLE-HEAD. See Chelone Glabra.
TUSSILAGO FARFARA. See Colts-
foot.
TUTIA,
TUTTY.} See Impure Oxide of Zinc.
TUTTY OINTMENT. A name formerly
applied to an ointment of the impure oxide
of zinc. It has been discarded for the
Ointment of Oxide of Zinc, which see.
TWINLEAF. See Jeffersonia Di-
phylla.
18
61
TYROSINA. An alkaloid of the com-
position of C₁₁₁NO, found in the liver,
pancreas, and other parts of man and
many animals.
U.
ULMACEOUS. Of, or pertaining to,
an order of trees, of which the elm is the
type.
silica, adding enough solution of soda to
dissolve the silica, and rapidly igniting
the mixture. A bluish-green mass re-
sults, which becomes blue by ignition in
contact with air. It is thought to be a
compound of the silicates of alumina and
soda with sulphuret of sodium. It is
very largely manufactured at Nuremberg,
in Germany.
UMBEL. A kind of flower cluster, in
which the flower-stalks spread moderately
from a common plane or convex surface
above, as in the carrot. It is simple or
compound; in the latter case, each pedun-
cle bears another little umbel, called um-
bellet or umbellule.
UMBELLATE,
Bearing um-
UMBELLIFEROUS.}bels; produc-
ing the inflorescence called an umbel.
UMBELLIFERA. A family of plants
to which belong the genera Conium,
Sumbulus, Eryngium, Sanicula, Deweya,
Cicuta, Sium, Carum, Pimpinella, Osmor-
rhiza, Angelica, Levisticum, Peuceda-
num, Heracleum, and Daucus.
ULMIC ACID. (Ulmin:) A vege-
table principle first discovered in the mat-
ter which exudes from the bark of the
European elm. It is now believed to be
a constituent of most barks. It is a dark-
brown, almost black substance, without
smell or taste, insoluble in cold water,
sparingly soluble in boiling water, which
it colors yellowish-brown, soluble in alco-
hol, and readily dissolved by alkaline
solutions.
ULMI CORTEX. (Slippery Elm Bark.) forty-eight of oxide of iron, twenty of
See Elm Bark.
ULMIN. See Ulmic Acid.
ULMUS ALATA. A species of Ul-
mus growing in the Southern States, to
which the name of Wahoo is sometimes
incorrectly applied.
ULMUS AMERICANA.
ULMUS CAMPESTRIS.
ULMUS FULVA,
ULMUS RUBra.
White elm.
See Elm Bark.
} See Elm, Red.
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS. The res-
olution of a substance into its elements;
opposed to proximate analysis.
ULTRAMARINE. A fine blue pig-
ment, formerly obtained from lapis lazuli
or lazulite, a mineral of Siberia. It is
now prepared artificially, by mixing equal
UMBER. (Terra Umbria.) A min-
eral of a fine compact texture, light, dry
to the touch, shining when rubbed by the
nail, and of a fine pale-brown color, which
changes to a peculiar beautiful deep-
brown by heat. It is said to contain
thirteen parts of silica, five of alumina,
manganese, and fourteen of water, in one
hundred parts. The umber of commerce is
said to be brought chiefly from the island
of Cyprus.
Burnt Umber, as well as the mineral in
its unaltered state, is used for painting.
UMBRELLA TREE. See Magnolia
Tripetala.
UNCARIA GAMBIR. See Nauclea
Gambir.
UNCOMOCOMO.
See Inkomankomo.
SUGAR.
UNCRYSTALLIZABLE
See Chulariose.
UNCTION. The act of anointing,
smearing, or rubbing with an unguent,
oil, or ointment.
UNCTUOUS. Fat; oily; greasy.
UND
URA
404
UNDULATED IPECACUANHA.
See Amylaceous Ipecacuanha.
UNGUENTA. Ointments. See Oint-
ments.
UNIAXIAL. Having but one optical
axis; or axis of double refraction.
UNONA ODORATISSIMA. See Oil
Ylang-Ylang.
UNONA POLYCARPA.
See Berberin
Tree.
UPAS ANTIAR,
UPAS TIEUTE.
}
See Antiar.
UNICAPSULAR.
Having but one
capsule to each flower.
UPLAND SUMACH. See Sumach.
UPRIGHT VIRGIN'S BOWER. See
UNICORN PLANT, FALSE. See Clematis Erecta.
False Unicorn Plant.
UPWARD FILTERING. A process
UNIFLOROUS. Bearing one flower of filtration for the purpose of obviating
only.
let.
UNIFOLIATE. Having but one leaf-
UNION SPRING, SARATOGA. The
gaseous contents of a wine gallon of this
water are-
314.16 cubic inches of carbonic acid.
4.62
(6
the embarrassment often experienced in
the ordinary method, especially with vis-
cid substances, such as fixed oils, in con-
sequence of the collection of the solid
matter at the bottom of the funnel offer-
ing a constantly increasing impediment
to the passage of the liquid. There are
several instruments in use for this filtra-
atmospheric air. tion, which are fully described in the
United States Dispensatory, page 919.
Total, 318.78 cubic inches.
The solid contents are-
243.620 grains of chloride of sodium.
carbonate of magnesia.
84.265 66
41.600
6.6
lime.
12.800
(6
6 6.
soda.
6.6.
66.
iron.
5.452
3.600 "iodide of sodium and iodine.
1.570
"silica and alumina.
Bromide of potassium a trace.
Total, 392.907 grains.
This spring is now called Excelsior
Rock Spring, having been retubed to the
depth of fifty-six feet, of which eleven
feet are in the solid rock. The following
are given as the solid contents, in grains,
of a gallon of the water :
375.8996 grains of chloride of sodium.
76.0160, แ
carbonate of lime.
30.4437 (C
magnesia.
soda.
10.3520
66
6.9829
"
3.7672
แ
2.8086
"
1.5563 it
6.6
silicate of potassa.
66
soda.
carbonate of iron.
sulphate of soda.
Total, 507.8263 grains.
UNIVERSAL CEMENT. Mix, and
powder finely, one part of best fresh cal-
cined alabaster gypsum with three to five
parts of well-dried Senegal gum, and keep
it well secured against moisture.
URANIC. Pertaining to, obtained
from, or containing uranium. Said of
salts of which the base is sesquioxide of
uranium, or in which oxide of uranium
acts as an acid.
URANITE. An ore of uranium, of a
bright green or yellow color, and foliated
like mica.
URANIUM. A metal discovered in
1789, in the mineral called pitchblende,
in which it exists as an oxide, with the
oxide of iron and some lead, sulphur, ar-
senic, cobalt, and zinc. It occurs also in
uranite and a few other minerals. Urani-
um is of a reddish-brown color, has a
metallic lustre, and is commonly obtained
in a crystalline form. It suffers no change
from exposure to the air at common tem-
peratures, but when heated in open vessels,
it absorbs oxygen, and is converted into a
protoxide.
URAN-OCHRE. A yellow earthy in-
crustation, supposed to be the oxide of
uranium, combined with carbonic acid;
applied also to pitchblende.
URANOUS. Of, pertaining to, consist-
ing of, or containing uranium; said of
salts of which the base is protoxide of
uranium; also applied to the electro-nega-
URA
UVA
405
tive constituents with which uranium tained from Uva ursi; one grain of it acts
forms haloid salts.
as a powerful diuretic.
URARI. See Curare.
URSINE. Of, or pertaining to, the
URATE. A compound of uric acid bear.
and a base.
URSONE. Another crystallizable
URATE OF AMMONIA. See Ammonia principle obtained from Uva ursi. It ap-
Urate.
URATE OF QUINIA. A salt said to be
peculiarly efficacious in obstinate inter-
mittents. It is prepared by boiling ten
parts of crude quinia in water, adding
gradually twenty parts of crystallized
uric acid, and after sufficient ebullition,
filtering and evaporating. A yellow salt
is obtained, sometimes amorphous, more
frequently crystalline, soluble in hot, and
less so in cold water.
UREA. The characteristic organic
constituent of urine, consisting of two
equivalents each of carbon, nitrogen and
oxygen, and four of hydrogen. It is in
the form of four-sided prismatic crystals,
colorless, and free from odor when pure,
somewhat rese¶nbling nitre in appearance,
and having a similar saline cooling taste.
It was proposed many years ago as a
diuretic.
UREDO. A genus of minute parasiti-
cal fungi, by which the seeds of cereals
and the stems and seeds of grasses are
often greatly injured, producing the dis-
eases called smut, rust, &c.
pears to be of a resinous character, being
tasteless and inodorous, insoluble in water,
soluble with difficulty in alcohol and ether,
fusible, at a higher temperature, volatiliz-
able, and inflammable in air. It is ob-
tained by treating Uva ursi with a very
small quantity of ether by percolation,
allowing the ether to evaporate, washing
the crystalline extract with ether, and
recrystallizing from alcohol.
URTICA DIOICA. See Nettle, Com-
mon.
A term formerly ap-
URTICA MAJOR.
plied to the Urtica dioica.
URTICA MINOR. A title formerly ap-
plied to the Urtica urens.
URTICA URENS. See Nettle, Dwarf.
URTICACEÆ. An order of plants
including the genera Urtica Bohmeria
and Antiaria.
USTILAGO MAIDIS. A title ap-
plied to the ergot of maize, or the fungous
product which sometimes attends the
growth of Indian corn, commonly known
as smut.
USTULATION. The roasting or dry-
URERYTHRIN. (Urohœmatin.) The ing of moist substances so as to prepare
coloring matter of human urine.
URGINEA SCILLA. See Scilla.
URIC ACID. An acid which occurs
in small quantities in the healthy urine
of man and quadrupeds, and in much
larger quantity in the urine of birds, of
which it forms the white part as urate of
ammonia. It also constitutes the chief
part of the excrement of serpents, as the
boa constrictor. It is also called lithic
acid. In diseased urine, uric acid is often
deposited on cooling, and generally of a
reddish color. It also constitutes the most
frequent form of gravel and calculus when
deposited in the bladder. Acid urate of
soda is found in the chalkstones of gouty
patients.
them for pulverizing or calcination. This
term is usually restricted to the metallur-
gic operations of roasting ores, to drive
off the volatile matters, as arsenic, bis-
muth, &c., &c.
UTERINE MOTOR STIMULANTS.
(Oxytocics.) Remedies which promote
uterine contraction.
UVE. Raisins.
UVE PASSE MINORES. See Corin-
thian Currants.
UVA PASSA. (Raisins.) The dried
fruit of Vitis vinifera, a grapevine too
well known to require description. The
chief medical use of raisins is to flavor
demulcent beverages.
UVA URSI. (Bearberry Leaves.) The
URSIN. A crystallizable principle ob- leaves of Arctostaphylos uva ursi or Ar-
UVA
VAL
406
butus uva ursi, a low evergreen shrub,
with trailing stems, the young branches
of which rise obliquely upwards for a few
inches. It inhabits the northern latitudes
of Europe, Asia, and America ; and found
also in the lofty mountains of Southern
Europe, as the Pyrenees and the Alps; and
on the American continent, extends from
Hudson's Bay as far southward as New
Jersey, in some parts of which it grows
in abundance. The leaves are the only
parts used in medicine; they are astrin-
gent and tonic, and thought to have a
specific direction to the urinary organs.
UVARIA ODORATA. The East In-
dia grape-tree. Its volatile oil is a com-
ponent of the perfume Esprit d'Ylang-
Ylang, introduced by Rigaud of Paris. It
possesses an exceedingly delicate odor, re-
sembling that of hyacinth.
B. Olei theobromæ, zxij; morphiæ
sulph., gr. vj; liquor ferri persulph., gtt.
cxliv; cerat. adipis, ziiiss. Misce et fiant
suppositoria xij.
R. Aluminis pulv., ziij; acidi tannici,
zij; ext. opii, gr. xij; olei theobroma,
3xij; cerat. adipis, x. Misce et fiant
suppositoria xij.
R. Olei theobromæ, 3xij; ung. iodini
comp., 3vj; morphiæ acetatis, grs. vj.
Misce et fiant suppositoria xij.
R. Olei theobromæ, 3xij; morph. acet.,
gr. vj; ung. hyd. nitrat., 3v. Misce et
fiant suppositoria xij.
R. Olei theobromæ, 3x; morph. acet.,
grs. vj; olei copaibæ, gtt. cxliv; cerat.
adipis, 3xviij; acaciæ pulv., q. s.
et fiant suppositoria xij.
Misce
R. Olei theobromæ, 3xij; morph. acet.,
grs. vj; liquor zinci chlor., gtt. cxx; ce-
UVIC ACID. See Paratartaric Acid. rat. adipis, x. Misce et fiant supposi-
V.
VACCINA,
VACCINIA.
}
Kine-pox or cow-
pox.
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS. A
plant, the leaves of which are said to con-
tain kinic acid.
VACCINIUM VITIS IDEA. A species of
Vaccinium, the leaves of which are used
in Europe to adulterate Uva ursi. They
are wholly destitute of the peculiar prop-
erty of Uva ursi, and may be distinguished
by their rounder shape, their revolute
edges, which are sometimes slightly
toothed, and the appearance of their un-
der surface, which is dotted, instead of
being reticulated like the genuine leaf.
VACUUM. Space empty or devoid of
all matter or body.
VACUUM-PAN. A closed vessel
heated by steam, in which syrup or the
like is evaporated at a lower temperature
than the ordinary boiling-point, in con-
sequence of a partial vacuum produced in
the vessel by the condenser.
VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES. Dr.
Black has employed, and recommends the
following formulæ for suppositories for
the treatment of the various stages of
gonorrhoea in the female :
toria xij.
VALEREN. See Amylen.
VALERIAN,
}
The root of Vale-
VALERIANA. Iriana officinalis, or
great wild valerian, a large, handsome
herbaceous plant, native of Europe, where
it grows, either in damp woods and mea-
dows, or on dry, elevated grounds. It is
gently stimulant, with an especial direc-
tion to the nervous system, but without
narcotic effects. It is used in hysteria,
hemicrania, and like complaints.
VALERIANA CELTICA,
VALERIANA JATAMENSI,
VALERIANA TUBEROSA.
See
Nardus.
Species of Va-
VALERIANA DIOICAleriana, the roots
VALERIANA PHU.
of which are said to be sometimes mingled
with those of the officinal plant. Although
much weaker, they possess properties sim-
ilar to the genuine valerian.
VALERIANA OFFICINALIS.
rian.
VALERIANACEÆ.
See Vale-
An order of
plants including the genus Valeriana.
VALERIANATE. A salt formed by
the union of valerianic or valeric acid
with a base.
VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA. See Am-
moniæ Valerianas.
VAL
VAP
407
VALERIANATE OF AMYLIC ETHER. See containing one equivalent of vanadium
Amylic Ether Valerianate.
and two of oxygen.
VALERIANATE OF ATROPIA. See Atro-
pia Valerianate.
VANDYKE-BROWN.
A pigment
of a deep, semi-transparent, brown color,
VALERIANATE OF BISMUTH. See Bis- supposed to have been used by Vandyke,
muth Valerianate.
the portrait painter, who lived in the reign
VALERIANATE OF IRON. See Ferri of Charles the First.
Valerianas.
VALERIANATE OF OXIDE OF AMYL. A
compound formed when amylic alcohol,
water, and nitric acid, placed in a cylin-
der without mixing, are allowed to stand
for a period of four months. Oxalic acid
is formed at the same time.
VANILLA. The prepared unripe cap-
sules of Vanilla aromatica or Epidendrum
vanilla, a climbing plant, characterized as
a species, by its ovate, oblong, nerved
leaves, its wavy sepals, its acute lip, and
very long cylindrical capsules. It is a
native of the West Indies, Mexico, and
South America; and is said to be culti-
vated in the Isles of France and Bour-
bon. Doubts, however, exist whether the
best commercial vanilla is derived from
this species, and some ascribe it to Vanilla
planifolia. It is probable that different
varieties of the vanilla of commerce are
obtained from different species, of which
VALERIANATE OF QUINIA. A salt
prepared by decomposing sulphate of qui-
nia, by means of ammonia, and then com-
bining directly with valerianic acid to
form valerianate of quinia, which crys-
tallizes from the solution when it cools,
because it is much less soluble in cold
than in hot water.
VALERIANATE OF SODA. See Soda Va- several, besides the two mentioned, have
lerianas.
been described as yielding an aromatic
VALERIANATE OF ZINC. See Zinci Va- fruit, as V. guianensis, V. palmarum, and
lerianas.
V. pompona. Vanilla has the properties
of the aromatics generally, but is prob-
VALERIANIC ACID. See Acids.
VALERIC ACID. The same as vale-ably more diffusibly stimulant, with some
influence on the nervous system.
rianic.
VALINCH. A tube for drawing li-
quors from a cask by the bunghole.
VALONIA. The acorn-cup of an oak
(Quercus ægilops) growing in Turkey,
the Levant, and the Morea. It contains
an abundance of tannin.
VANILLA AROMATICA,
VANILLA GUIANENSIS,
VANILLA PALMARUM,
VANILLA PLANIFOLIA,
VANILLA POMPONA.
VANILLIN.
See Vanilla. ·
An organic principle
VALLET'S FERRUGINOUS PILLS. of the composition C₂HO₁, of a hot, bit-
See Pills of Carbonate of Iron.
VANADIC ACID. A compound of
vanadium and oxygen in the proportion
of one equivalent of vanadium and three
of oxygen.
VANADITE. A salt formed by the
union of vanadous acid and a base.
VANADIUM. A metal, discovered
in 1830, having a white color, and a strong
metallic lustre, considerably resembling
silver, but still more like molybdenum.
It is extremely brittle, and is not oxidized
either by air or water.
VANADOUS. Of, pertaining to, or
obtained from vanadium. Said of an acid
201
ing taste, and strong vanilla odor, ob-
tained from the prepared unripe capsules
of Vanilla aromatica. It is often observed
on the surface of the fresh bean of com-
merce.
VAPID. Having lost its life and
spirit; insipid; flat; dull.
VAPOR. Any substance, in the gas-
eous or aeriform state, the condition of
which is ordinarily that of a liquid or
solid. Vapor is sometimes used in a more
extended sense, as identical with gas; and
the difference between the two is not so
much one of kind as degree, the latter
being applied to all permanently elastic
VAP
VEG
408
VARIOUS-LEAVED FLEABANE.
The plant Erigeron Philadelphicum.
fluids, except atmospheric air, the former
to those elastic fluids which lose that con-
dition at ordinary temperatures.
The VARNISH. A thick, viscid liquid,
atmosphere contains more or less vapor consisting of a solution of resinous matter
of water, a portion of which, on a reduc- in a volatile liquid, laid on work with a
tion of temperature, becomes condensed brush, or otherwise, the volatile part soon
into liquid water in the form of rain or evaporating, and the resinous part form-
dew. The vapor of water produced bying thus a smooth, hard surface, with a
boiling, especially in its economic rela- beautiful gloss.
tions, is called steam Vapor may be de-
fined to be any substance in the gaseous
condition at the maximum of density con-
sistent with that condition.
VARVICITE. Native oxide of man-
ganese, consisting of two equivalents of
deutoxide and one of sesquioxide.
VASCULAR Consisting of vessels, or
(In-containing them as an essential part of a
structure.
VAPOR ACIDI HYDROCYANICI.
halation of Hydrocyanic Acid.) Mix in a
suitable apparatus, ten to fifteen minims
of diluted hydrocyanic acid with one fluid
drachm of cold water, and let the vapor
that arises be inhaled.
VAPOR CHLORI. (Inhalation of Chlor-
ine.) Put two ounces of chlorinated lime
into a suitable apparatus, moisten it with
sufficient cold water, and let the vapor
that arises be inhaled.
VAPOR CONIÆ. (Inhalation of Conia.)
Mix sixty grains of extract of hemlock
with one fluid drachm of solution of pot-
ash and ten fluid drachms of distilled
water. Put twenty minims of the mix-
ture on a sponge, in a suitable apparatus,
so that the vapor of hot water passing over
it may be inhaled.
VAPOR CREASOTI. (Inhalation of Crea-
sote.) Mix twelve minims of creasote
with eight fluid ounces of boiling water,
in apparatus so arranged that air may be
made to pass through the solution, and
may afterwards be inhaled.
VAPOR IODI. (Inhalation of Iodine.)
Mix one fluid drachm of tincture of iodine
with one fluid ounce of water, in a suita-
ble apparatus, and having applied a gentle
heat, let the vapor that arises be inhaled.
VAPOR-BATH. An apparatus for
heating substances by the vapor of water.
VAPORS. See Inhalations.
VAREC. A French name for kelp.
VARIOLARIA DEALBATA. A
lichenous plant inhabiting the Pyrenees,
from which a coloring matter called orcine
is obtained.
Vascular plants are plants composed of
vascular tissue, including all plants ex-
cept a part of the cryptogams, the mosses,
the seaweeds, the lichens, and the liver-
worts, these being simply cellulose.
VAT. A measure for liquids in Bel-
gium, containing 22.01 imperial gallons.
VATERIA INDICA. An East In-
dian plant, supposed to be the source of a
variety of gum animé.
VEGETABLE. An organized body,
destitute of sense and voluntary motion,
deriving its nourishment through pores on
its outer surface, or vessels, in most in-
stances, adhering to some other body, as
the earth, and in general, propagating
itself by seeds. Vegetables alone have the
power of deriving nourishment from inor-
ganic matter, or organic matter decom-
posed.
VEGETABLE ALBUMEN. See Albumens.
VEGETABLE BRIMSTONE. Powdered
lycopodium.
VEGETABLE CHARCOAL. See Carbon.
VEGETABLE ETHIOPS. See Æthiops
Vegetabilis.
VEGETABLE FIBRIN. See Gluten.
VEGETABLE IVORY. A close-grained.
and very hard vegetable substance, ob-
tained from the fruit of a species of palm.
VEGETABLE JELLY. See Pectin.
VEGETABLE Juices. A name applied
on the Continent of Europe, to tinctures
prepared by adding alcohol to the ex-
pressed juices of plants.
VEGETABLE KINGDOM.
That portion
VEG
VER
409
of the department of life in nature in- formerly an extensive article of Venetian
cluding plants.
commerce. It is procured in Switzerland
VEGETABLE MARROW. The fruit of a and the French province of Dauphiny,
species of Gourd or Cucurbita.
from the Larix Europea or larch, which
VEGETABLE MUSK. See Malva Mos- grows abundantly upon the Alps and the
Jura Mountains. The peasants bore holes
VEGETABLE SULPHUR. See Lycopo- into the trunk about two feet from the
ground, and conduct the juice, by means
VEGETABLE TALLOW. See Tallow, Vege- of wooden gutters, into small tubs. It is
chata.
dium.
table.
VEGETABLE WAX. An excretion from
certain plants, having the consistency and
appearance of wax. It occurs sometimes
on the surface of the leaves and fruit. It
is sometimes obtained by bruising and
boiling the plant, or parts of it, in water,
when it floats on the surface and concretes
on cooling.
VEGETATION OF SALTS. A crys-
talline concretion, formed by salts after
solution in water, when set in the air for
evaporation. These concretions appear
round the surface of the liquor, affixed to
the sides of the vessel, and are often in
branching forms resembling plants.
VEGETO-ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.
A term applied to vegetable albumen and
pure gluten, from their close resemblance
to certain proximate animal principles in
chemical habitudes and relations.
A
VEGETO-MINERAL WATER.
name by which Goulard's solution of lead
was formerly known.
VEHICLE. A substance in which
medicine is taken.
VELLARINE. A peculiar oleaginous
principle discovered in bevilacqua, sup-
posed to be the active principle of the
plant. It has a strong odor, and a bitter,
pungent, and persistent taste.
VENETIAN CHALK. A white, com-
pact talc or steatite, used for marking on
cloth and the like.
VENETIAN RED. (Bolus Veneta.) A
dull-red ochrey substance used in paint-
ing.
afterwards purified by filtration through
a leather sieve. Genuine Venice turpen-
tine is a viscid liquid, of the consistence
of honey, flowing with difficulty, cloudy
or imperfectly transparent, yellowish or
slightly greenish, of a strong, not disa-
grecable odor, and a warm, bitterish, and
acrid taste. What is sold under the name
of Venice turpentine in our shops, is
usually quite brown, and is said to be
prepared by dissolving rosin in oil of tur-
pentine.
VEPRIS. A genus of plants supposed
to produce a product called African cu-
bebs, which see.
VERA CRUZ SARSAPARILLA.
A variety of sarsaparilla formerly little
esteemed; but from the acrid taste which
real virtues to the other kinds. It is prob-
it possesses, it is probably not inferior in
ably derived from Smilax medica.
VERATRI VIRIDIS RADIX. Green
hellebore root.
VERATRIA. A vegetable alkaloid
obtained from Veratrum sabadilla, Vera-
trum album, &c. It is generally obtained
as a crystalline powder, nearly white, very
acrid and poisonous, and excites, when in-
troduced into the nostrils, violent and
dangerous sneezing. In the form of a
tincture or an ointment, it is much used
as an external application in neuralgia
and obstinate rheumatic pains.
VERATRIC ACID. A peculiar acid,
in colorless crystals, fusible and volatiliz-
able without decomposition, but slightly
VENICE SUMACH. See Rhus Co- soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot
tinus.
VENICE TRIPOLI. See Tripoli.
VENICE TURPENTINE. A turpentine
named from the circumstance that it was
water, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in
ether, having the properties of reddening
litmus paper, and forming soluble salts
with the alkalies. It is obtained from the
VER
VER
410
seed of Veratrum sabadilla. (Formula | plied by some to the plant producing saba-
dilla. See Cevadilla.
HO,C,H,O..)
18
VERATRUM SABADILLA. (Asagræa Offi-
cinalis.) The plant supposed to be the
source of cevadilla. It grows in Mexico
and the West Indies, and was cultivated
in San Domingo. See Cevadilla.
VERATRIN. An alkaloid,
An alkaloid, insoluble
in ether, and left behind after the opera-
tion of that liquid in the process for ob-
taining veratria. It is extracted by alco-
hol, which, on evaporation, yields a brown
resinous matter, from which veratrin may VERATRUM VIRIDE. (American Helle-
be obtained by heating it with water acid-bore, Indian Poke, Poke Root, Swamp Helle-
ulated with sulphuric acid, and precipi-
tating by ammonia. It exists in very
minute proportion and is difficult to ob-
tain pure. Its effects have not been de-
termined, but its powder produces sneez-erties common to the genus. It reduces
ing, though much less violently than vera-
tria.
bore.) An indigenous species of Vera-
trum, found from Canada to the Carolinas,
inhabiting swamps, wet meadows, and the
banks of streamlets. It possesses the prop-
the frequency and force of the pulse some-
times when taken in full doses as low as
thirty-five strokes in the minute.
VERATROIDIA. A provisional title
for one of two alkaloids contained in
veratrum viride, neither of which is iden-
tical with veratria. The name for the
other, provisionally, is viridia, which is
insoluble in ether, and represents more
closely than the other the peculiar seda-
tive influence of the root. It exists largely
in the resinous precipitate thrown down
from a concentrated tincture of the root,
and is held by the resin with great tenaci-
ty. It is prominently characterized by
its insolubility in ether. It has a consid-
erably higher melting-point than vera-
troidia, requiring from 335° to 340° F. for
fusion, and much less irritates the nostrils.
The solubility of veratroidia in ether is
its prominent characteristic. It is fusible
between 270° and 275° F., in this respect
differing from veratria, the melting-point
of which is 239° F. Most of the irritant
effects of veratrum viride on the stomach
are ascribable to veratroidia.
VERATRUM. A genus of plants hav- the inner bark of the white oak.
ing very poisonous qualities.
VERBASCUM. A genus of plants
including the mullein.
VERBASCUM THAPSUS. See Mullein.
VERBENA. A genus of plants, of
which several species are extensively cul-
tivated for their fragrance.
VERBENA HASTATA. An American
species of Verbena, more bitter than the
European, and is said to be emetic.
VERBENA OFFICINALIS. (Vervain) A
common European weed growing on the
roadsides, in the vicinity of towns and
villages. By the ancients it was highly
esteemed, both as a medicine and as a
sacred plant employed in certain religious
rites. Its sensible properties do not indi-
cate the possession of medical virtues.
VERBENA URTICIFOLIA. An indigen-
ous species of verbena, which has been
advantageously used in poisoning from
the Rhus toxicodendron. It is prepared
by boiling it in milk and water along with
VERBENACEAE. An order of plants
including the genus Verbena.
VERDIGRIS. The bibasic acetate of
copper. In an inpure state it is used as a
green pigment. See Copper Subacetate.
VERATRUM ALBUM. (White Hellebore.)
An herbaceous plant, with a perennial,
fleshy, fusiform root or rhizoma, native
of the mountainous regions of continental
Europe, and abounds also in the Alps and
Pyrenees. All parts of the plant are acrid
and poisonous, being a violent emetic and
cathartic, and capable of producing dan-guished by the epithets of blue and green.
gerous and fatal effects.
Blue Verditer is prepared in London from
VERDITER. Two preparations of cop-
per, employed as pigments, are known by
this name in commerce, and are distin-
VERATRUM OFFICINALE. A title ap- the solution of nitrate of copper, obtained
VER
VIC
411
VERVAIN-MALLOW. A species of
mallow; the Malvaceæ.
VESICATION. The process of vesi-
cating or of raising blisters on the skin.
VESICATORY. A blistering applica-
tion; an epispastic; having the power to
blister.
in precipitating silver by copper. The
solution is poured hot upon whiting (car-
bonate of lime), and the mixture stirred
every day till the liquor loses its color,
when it is decanted, and fresh portions
added till the proper color is obtained.
By another process for procuring this pig-
ment, the solution of nitrate of copper is VESICATING AMMONIACAL
decomposed by quicklime, and the pre- OINTMENT. An ointment formed by
cipitate, after being washed, is incorpo- melting together, by the gentle heat of a
rated intimately with another portion of candle or lamp, thirty-two parts of lard
quicklime. By the former process a car- and two parts of oil of sweet almonds,
bonate of copper is obtained; by the latter pouring the melted mixture into a bottle
a mixture of the hydrated oxide of copper with a wide mouth, then adding seventeen
and hydrate of lime. Green Verditer is parts of solution of ammonia of 25° (sp.
prepared by precipitating a solution of gr. 0.905), and mixing, with continued
nitrate of copper by chalk or a white agitation, until the whole is cold. Pre-
marl, and consists of carbonate of copper serve in a ground stoppered bottle in a
mixed with an excess of the calcareous cool place. When well prepared, it vesi-
carbonate.
cates in ten minutes.
VERECK. See Nereck.
VERJUICE. A very acid liquor ob-
tained from the unripe fruit of Vitis vin-
ifera by expression. It was, when diluted
with water, esteemed by the ancients as a
refreshing drink.
VERMIFUGAL. Tending to prevent
or destroy vermin or to expel worms.
VERMIFUGE. A medicine or sub-
stance that expels worms from an animal
body; an anthelmintic.
VERMILION. A substance formed
by levigating red sulphuret of mercury.
It is of a brilliant red color, and is much
used as a pigment, and to color sealing
wax and the like. It is sometimes found
native, of a red or brown color, and is
then called cinnabar.
VERMIN OINTMENT. Quiniæ
sulph., twelve parts; acidi muriat., two
parts; adipis, two hundred parts. Mix.
VERONICA BECCABUNGA. See
Beccabunga.
VERONICA OFFICINALIS. See Speed-
well.
VERONICA VIRGINICA. See Culver's
Physic.
VERTICILLATE. Arranged in a ring
or whorl; arranged around a stem or
pedicel, as verticillate leaves.
VERVAIN. See Verbena Officinalis.
VESICATING TAFFETAS. See Blistering
Cloth.
VETCH. A name applied to many
leguminous plants of different genera, in-
cluding those of the genus Astragalus.
VIBURNIC ACID. An acid obtained
from the bark of the Sambucus nigra. It
is said to be identical with valerianic acid.
VIBURNIN. An "eclectic" prepara-
tion said to be obtained from the bark of
Viburnum opulus, and recommended as an
antispasmodic, antiperiodic, expectorant,
alterative, and tonic, in doses of two grains.
VIBURNUM. A genus of shrubs
having opposite petiolate leaves.
VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM.
Haw.
See Black
VICHY SALT. A salt obtained by
evaporating Vichy water.
VICHY WATER. In one thousand parts
by weight of this water - Grand-Grille
Spring-there is contained,
992.572 water.
0.983 carbonic acid.
4.971 carbonate of soda.
0.349
0.084
0.012
lime.
magnesia.
iron.
0.570 chloride of sodium.
0.472 sulphate of soda.
0.073 silica.
VIC
VIN
412
VICIA SATIVA. A common vetch,
from the powdered seeds of which hydro-
cyanic acid has been obtained.
posed for a peculiar alkaloid obtained
from barberry root. See Oxycanthin.
VINOUS. Having the qualities of
VIDONIA. A white wine produced wine.
in Teneriffe, of a tart flavor.
VIENNA CAUSTIC. A name some-
times given to the potassa cum calce.
A
VILLARESIA MUCRONATA.
beautiful tree abounding in the southern
provinces of Chili, between latitude 33°
and 36°. It is believed by the natives to
cure hernia when the patient is caused to
touch the tree. The bark contains an
abundance of starch and crystalline lime
salt.
VILLOUS.
Abounding or covered
with fine hairs or woolly substance.
VIMEN.
shoot or branch.
VINA MEDICATA. See Medicated
Wines.
A long, slender, flexible
VINAIGRE DE COLOGNE. To eau
VINOUS FERMENTATION. See Alcoholic
Fermentation.
VINUM ALBUM. (Vinum Xericum.)
See Sherry Wine.
VINUM ALOES. (Wine of Aloes.) Mace-
rate for seven days, a troy ounce of pow-
dered Socotrine aloes, and sixty grains
each of cardamom seeds and ginger, in
moderately fine powder, in a pint of sherry
wine, with occasional agitation, and filter
through paper.
VINUM ANTIMONII. See Antimonial
Wine.
VINUM AURANTI. See Orange Wine.
VINUM COLCHICI. (Vinum Colchici
Radicis, Wine of Colchicum Root.) Moisten
twelve troy ounces of moderately fine col-
chicum root with four fluid ounces of
de cologne, one pint, add strong acetic sherry wine, pack it firmly in a conical
percolator, and gradually pour sherry
wine upon it until two pints of filtered
liquid are obtained.
acid, half an ounce. Filter if necessary.
VINCETOXICUM.
Vincetoxicum.
See Asclepias
VINEGAR. (Acetum.) Impure dilute
acetic acid prepared by fermentation.
VINEGAR, DISTILLED. See Distilled
Vinegar.
VINEGAR GENERATOR. A deep oaken
tub used in Germany in the manufacture
of vinegar. For a description of it, see
United States Dispensatory, page 14.
VINEGAR OF BLOODROOT,
VINEGAR OF CANTHARIDES,
VINEGAR OF COLCHICUM,
VINEGAR OF Lobelia,
VINEGAR OF OPIUM,
VINEGAR OF SQUILL.
See
VINUM COLCHICI SEMINIS. (Wine of
Colchicum Seed.) Macerate four troy ounces
of colchicum seed, in moderately coarse
powder, in two pints of sherry wine, for
fourteen days, with occasional agitation,
then express and filter.
VINUM ERGOTÆ. (Wine of Ergot.)
Prepare two pints of wine from four troy
ounces of powdered ergot, by percolation
with sherry wine.
VINUM FERRI.
(Wine of Iron.) Take
of fine iron wire (about No. 35), one ounce
Acetum. (avoirdupois); sherry wine, one pint (im-
perial measure). Macerate for thirty days
in a closed vessel, the iron being almost
VINEGAR PLANT. See Mother of Vin- but not quite wholly immersed in the
egar.
VINEGAR, PYROLIGNEOUS.
Pyroligneous Acid.
Glacial.
wine, and the vessel frequently shaken,
See Crude and the stopper removed, then filter.
VINUM FERRI CITRATIS. (Wine of
VINEGAR, RADICAL. See Acetic Acid, Citrate of Iron.) Take of citrate of iron
and ammonia, one hundred and sixty
VINEGARS. (Aceta.) See Medicated grains; orange wine, one pint (imperial
Vinegars.
measure). Dissolve, and let the solution
VINETINA. A French name pro- remain for three days in a closed vessel,
VIN
VIR
413
shaking it occasionally; afterwards filter. conical percolator, and gradually pour
Dose one to four fluid drachms.
upon them the remainder of the mixture,
and afterwards diluted alcohol, until a
pint of filtered liquid is obtained.
VINUM RUBRUM. (Red Wine.) See
Port Wine.
VINUM TABACI. (Wine of Tobacco.)
Macerate a troy ounce of powdered to-
days, and filter through paper.
VINUM IPECACUANHE. (Wine of Ipe-
cac.) Moisten two troy ounces of pow-
dered ipecac with a half fluid ounce of
sherry wine, and percolate with sherry
until two pints of filtered liquid are ob-
tained.
VINUM OPII. (Wine of Opium, Syden-bacco in a pint of sherry wine for seven
ham's Laudanum.) Take of opium, dried,
and in moderately fine powder, two troy
ounces; moderately fine powdered cinna-
mon and cloves, each, sixty grains. Mix
the powders with fifteen fluid ounces of
sherry wine, and macerate for seven days,
then transfer the mixture to a percolator,
and, when the liquid has passed the sur-
face, graduallly pour on sherry wine until | laxative. The Viola odorata, Viola tri-
a pint of filtered liquid is obtained. color, and Viola ovata, possess analogous
properties.
VINUM PEPSICUM. (Wine of Pepsin.)
A wine prepared by mixing one and a
half drachms of powdered pepsin (Bou-
dalt's), six fluid ounces of distilled water,
one troy ounce of sugar, fifteen fluid
drachms of sherry wine, and three fluid
drachms of alcohol.
VINUM PICIS LIQUIDA. (Wine of Tar.)
A wine prepared by triturating six troy
ounces of tar with two troy ounces of car-
bonate of magnesia, digesting the mixture
with four pints of sherry wine, and fil-
tering, bringing the measure of the filtrate
to four pints, by pouring an additional
quantity of wine on the filter.
VINUM PORTENSE. See Port Wine.
VINUM QUINIE. (Wine of Quinia.)
Dissolve thirty grains of citric acid, and
then twenty grains of sulphate of quinia,
in one pint of orange wine, allow the so-
lution to remain three days in a closed
vessel, then filter.
VINUM RHEI. (Wine of Rhubarb.)
Take of rhubarb, in moderately coarse
powder, two troy ounces; canella, in mod-
erately fine powder, sixty grains; sherry
wine, fourteen fluid ounces; diluted alco-
hol, a sufficient quantity. Mix two fluid
ounces of diluted alcohol with the sherry
wine, and moisten the powders, previously
rubbed together, with half a fluid ounce
of the mixture; then transfer them to a
VINUM XERICUM. See Sherry Wine.
VIOLACEÆ. The family of plants
to which the genus Viola belongs.
VIOLA. (Violet.) The herb of Viola
pedata, an indigenous species of viola,
with pedate leaves, and without stems.
It is mucilaginous, emollient, and slightly
VIOLA IPECACUANHA. A title formerly
given to the plant from which ipecac
root was obtained, from the impression
that it was a species of Viola.
VIOLA ODORATA,} See Viola.
VIOLA OVATA.
VIOLA TRICOLOR. See Pansy.
VIOLET. See Viola.
VIOLINE, An exceedingly active
VIOLIA. and poisonous alkaline
principle, bearing some resemblance to
emetia but possessing distinct proper-
ties-obtained from the root, leaves, flow-
ers, and seeds of Viola odorata. It is
white, soluble in alcohol, scarcely soluble
in water, and forms salts with the acids.
It exists in the plant, combined with
malic acid.
VIRGIN SCAMMONY. See Scam-
monium.
VIRGINEIC ACID. A volatile prin-
ciple, considered by some as an essential
oil, but thought by others to possess acid
properties, obtained from seneka root.
VIRGINIA CREEPER. See Ameri-
can Ivy.
VIRGINIA SNAKEROOT. See Aristolochia
Serpentaria.
VIRGIN'S BOWER, COMMON. See
Clematis Virginica.
VIR
VOL
414
VIRGIN'S BOWER, SWEET-SCENTED.
See Clematis Flammula.
VIRGIN'S BOWER, UPRIGHT. See Clem-
atis Erecta.
VIRIDIA. See Veratroidia.
VIRIDIC ACID. (Viridinic Acid.) An
acid obtained from coffee, by bruising the
grains, removing the fat by boiling ether-
ized alcohol, and exposing the residue,
moistened from time to time, to the air.
In a few days the matter assumes a green
color from the formation of viridiate of
lime, which will yield the acid to alcohol,
mixed with acetic acid.
VITRIOL
A soluble sulphate of
either of the metals.
VITRIOL, BLUE. See Cupri Sulphas.
VITRIOL, GREEN. Sulphate of iron.
VITRIOL, OIL. Sulphuric acid.
VITRIOL, WHITE. Sulphate of zinc.
VITRIOLATED. Converted into a
vitriol; as iron pyrites by the absorption
of oxygen, which reduces the iron to an
oxide, and the sulphur to sulphuric acid;
thus the sulphuret of iron, when vitriolated,
becomes sulphate of iron, or green vitriol.
VITRIOLATED SODA. Sulphate of soda.
VITRIOLATED TARTAR. Sulphate of
VIRIDINIC ACID. See Viridic Acid, potassa.
Caffeic Acid.
ter.
VIRULENT. Extremely poisonous.
VIRUS. Contagious or poisonous mat-
The special contagion of disease; a
principle unknown in its nature, and in-
appreciable by the senses, which is the
agent for the transmission of infectious
diseases.
VISCID. Sticking or adhering; having
a ropy or glutinous consistency; tenacious.
VISCIN. A name proposed for the
proximate principle of birdlime. It is
also called glu. See Glu.
VISCOUS FERMENTATION.
A
fermentation which takes place in certain
complex saccharine and mucilaginous mix-
tures by the action of ferments; its results
are carbonic acid, hydrogen, alcohol, lactic
acid, and mannite.
VISCUM ALBUM. See Birdlime.
VISCUM FLAVESCENS. See Phoraden-
dron Flavescens.
VITACEÆ. A family of plants, in-
cluding the genera Vitis and Uvaria.
VITELLIN. The albuminoid princi-
ple of Vitellus ovi.
VITELLUS OVI. The yolk of egg.
VITIS. Vine.
VITIS VINIFERA. See Uva Passa.
VITREOUS. Of, pertaining to, de-
rived from, or consisting of glass.
VITRIOLIC ACID. Sulphuric acid.
VITRUM ANTIMONII. See Glass
of Antimony.
VIVERRA CIVETTA,} See Civet.
VIVERRA ZIBETHA.
VIVIANITE. A phosphate of iron,
of various shades of green and blue.
VOLATILE. Capable of wasting away,
or of easily passing into the aeriform state.
Substances which affect the smell with pun-
gent or fragrant odors, as musk, ammo-
nia, and essential oils, are called volatile
substances, because they waste away on
exposure to the atmosphere. Alcohol and
ether are called volatile for a similar rea-
son, and because they easily pass into the
state of vapor, on the application of heat.
On the contrary, oils are called fixed when
they do not evaporate on simple exposure
to the air.
VOLATILE ALKALI. A title given to
ammonia by the earlier chemists, on ac-
count of its gaseous nature, and powerful
alkaline reaction.
VOLATILE LINIMENT. A liniment much
used as a counter-irritant in sore throats,
and also in rheumatism, composed of one
part aqua ammonia, and two parts olive
oil.
VOLATILE OILS. See Oils, Volatile.
VOLCANIC AMMONIA. A quality
VITRIFY. To convert into glass by
fusion, or the action of heat; as to vitrify of ammonia derived from crude boracic
sand and alkaline salts. Chemists make | acid, containing salts, which are separated
vessels of animal substances, calcined, by the double decomposition ensuing when
which will not vitrify in the fire.
soda ash is added to the crude boracic acid.
VOL
VOL
415
The carbonate of ammonia escapes with the flask with the water, allow the salt to
the carbonic acid, and is easily condensed. dissolve; then dilute the solution with more
VOLUME. Dimensions; compass; water until it has the exact bulk of 10,000
mass; bulk; space occupied.
grain-measures. The quantity of this solu-
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS. Anal- tion which fills the volumetric tube to 0
ysis performed by measured volumes of (1000 grain-measures), contains one-tenth
standard solutions of reagents. The quan- of an equivalent, in grains (14.75 grains), of
tities of the substance to be tested are ex- the bichromate of potassa, and, when added
pressed by grains, those of the test solu- to a solution of a protosalt of iron acidu-
tions by grain-measure, that is, the volume lated with muriatic acid, is capable of con-
of a grain of distilled water at 60°. A verting one-tenth of six equivalents of iron
glass tube (burette) is to be provided, capa- | (16.8 grains) from the state of a protosalt to
ble, when filled up to a point marked 0, that of a persalt (sesquisalt). In practic-
of containing 1000 grains of distilled watering this volumetric process, it is known
at 60° F., and beneath this point gradu- that the whole of the protosalt has been
ated into 100 equal parts. Each part, converted into a persalt, when a minute
therefore, corresponds to 10 grain-meas- drop of the solution placed in contact with
ures. Into this tube the volumetric solu- a drop of the solution of ferrideyanide of
tion is to be introduced of a certain potassium, on a white plate, ceases to strike
strength, so that the quantity of the sub- with it a blue color. It is obvious, there-
stance dissolved which may be consumed fore, that by means of this test it is possi-
in the application of the test is at once ble to estimate the quantity of protoxide,
known, by observing the number of grain- protochloride, protiodide, or protobromide
measures of the volumetric solution which of iron in any mixture or compound in
have disappeared. This quantity being which it may exist. The rationale, in ref-
known, measures the quantity of the sub-erence to the protoxide of iron, is that two
stance acted on by the test, supposing the
nature of the reactions to be understood,
and the equivalents of the several sub-
stances well ascertained. For convenient
measurement, it will be necessary to have
a cylindrical glass jar, capable of holding
10,000 grains of distilled water up to a
point marked 0, and below this point
graduated into 100 equal parts; and a
flask which, when filled to a mark on the
neck, contains precisely 10,000 grains of
distilled water at 60°, or in other words,
has a capacity of 10,000 grain-measures.
The volumetric solutions, before being
used, should be well shaken, in order that
they may be uniform throughout. They
should be kept in stoppered bottles. All
the measurements should be made at
60° F.
VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION OF BICHRO-
MATE OF POTASSA. Formula of the salt
KO,2Cr0=147 5. Take of bichromate of
potash, 147.5 grains; distilled water, a suf-
ficiency. Put the bichromate into the
10,000-grain flask, and having half filled
equivalents of the bichromate containing
two equivalents of chromic acid (2CrO3),
and of course six equivalents of oxygen,
give up three equivalents of oxygen,
whereby the acid becomes sesquioxide of
chrome (Cr₂O3), to six equivalents of the
protoxide of iron (6FeO), converting them
into three equivalents of the sesquioxide
(3FeO3); and in reference to haloid salts,
it is only necessary that each of them should
be preliminarily converted, through the
instrumentality of the water present, into
the protoxide and the acid corresponding
with its other element, in order that the
same reaction should be exerted upon it
as on the protoxide.
VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION OF HYPOSUl-
PHITE OF SODA. Formula of the crystal-
lized salt NaO,S₂O₂+5H0=124. Take of
hyposulphite of soda, in crystals, 260
grains; distilled water, a sufficiency.
Dissolve the hyposulphite in 10,000 grain-
measures of the water. Fill a burette with
this solution, and drop it cautiously into
1000 grain-measures of the volumetric so-
膂
​VOL
VOL
416
N
8000x1000
- 950
lution of iodine until the brown color is the 10,000-grain flask; fill the flask to
just discharged. Note the number of about two-thirds of its bulk with the dis-
grain-measures (N) required to produce tilled water, gently agitate until solution
this effect; then put 8000 grain-measures is complete, and then dilute the solution
of the same solution into a graduated jar, with more of the water, until it has the
and augment this quantity by the addition exact volume of 10,000 grain-measures.
of distilled water until it amounts to Of this solution, 1000 grain-measures con-
8000x1000 grain-measures. If,
If, for exam-
tainth of an equivalent in grains (12.7
ple, N=950, the 8000 grain-measures of grains) of iodine, and, therefore, corre-
solution should be diluted to the bulk of spond to 1.7 grains of sulphuretted hydro-
gen, 3.2 grains of sulphurous, and 4.95
8421 grain-measures. Of this grains of arsenious, acid. This solution
solution, 1000 grain-measures contain 24.8 may be employed for determining the
grains of the hyposulphite (16th of 2(Na amount of sulphuretted hydrogen, or of a
O,S₂O₂+5HO), in grains), and, therefore, metallic sulphuret in a fluid, but is chiefly
correspond to 12.7 grains of iodine (thused for the estimation of sulphurous and
of an equivalent). This solution is used arsenious acids. It is dropped from the
for estimating free iodine, an object which | volumetric tube into the liquid to be tested
it accomplishes by forming with the iodine,
iodide of sodium, and tetrathionate of soda.
One thousand grain-measures of it include
th of two equivalents of the hyposul-
phite in grains, and, therefore, correspond
to 12.7 grains of free iodine.
Tetrathionic acid consists of four equiva-
lents of sulphur and five of oxygen; and
tetrathionate of soda would be represented
by the formula NaO,S405. When the hy-
posulphite (dithionate) of soda (NaO,S₂O₂)
reacts with iodine, two equivalents of the
salt are called into action, and, by the sub-
stitution of one equivalent of iodine for
one equivalent of oxygen of the soda, be-
come one equivalent of iodide of sodium,
one of soda, and one of tetrathionate of
soda, as represented by the following
equation, 1+2(NaO,S,O₂)=Na1+ NaO,S,
05. Two equivalents of the test salt are,
therefore, capable of neutralizing and ren-
dering invisible one equivalent of iodine;
and as the equivalent of the salt is 124, and
that of iodine 127, it follows that 248 grains
of it should neutralize 127 grains of iodine,
or every grain of the former consumed
would indicate the neutralization of .512
grain of the latter as nearly as may be.
5*
VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION OF IODINE.
Formula 1 127. Take of iodine, 127
grains; iodide of potassium, 180 grains;
distilled water, a sufficiency. Put the
iodide of potassium and the iodine into
until free iodine begins to appear in the
solution.
VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION OF NITRATE OF
SILVER. Formula of the salt AgO,NO.—
170. Take of nitrate of silver, 170 grains;
distilled water, a sufficiency. Put the ni-
trate into the 10,000 grain flask, and having
half-filled the flask with water, allow the
salt to dissolve; then dilute the solution
with more water, until it has the exact
bulk of 10,000 grain-measures. The solu-
tion should be kept in an opaque stoppered
bottle. Of this solution, 1000 grain-meas-
ures contain th of an equivalent in grains
of nitrate of silver, or 17.0 grains. Upon
dropping it into dilute hydrocyanic acid
rendered alkaline by soda, the precipitate
first formed is, upon agitation, redissolved,
and continues to be so until the whole of
the cyanogen of the acid has united with
the sodium and silver, forming the double
cyanide of sodium and silver. In such
experiments, 1000 grain-measures of the
solution correspond to 5.4 grains of abso-
lute hydrocyanic acid.
10
VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION OF OXALIC
ACID. Formula of crystallized oxalic
acid 2HO,C406+4HO-126. Take of puri-
fied oxalic acid, in crystals, quite dry, but
not effloresced, 630 grains; distilled water,
a sufficiency. Put the oxalic acid into the
10,000-grain flask; fill the flask to about
two-thirds of its bulk with the water,
allow
VOL
WAT
417
the acid to dissolve, and then dilute the
solution with more water, until it has the
exact volume of 10,000 grain-measures.
Of this solution, 1000 grain-measures con-
tain half an equivalent in grains (63) of
oxalic acid, and are, therefore, capable of
neutralizing one equivalent in grains of
an alkali or alkaline carbonate.
of benzoin may be considered a simplified
form.
WAFER. A thin leaf of paste, or a
composition of flour, the white of eggs,
isinglass, and yeast, spread over with gum-
water, and dried; used in sealing docu-
ments.
WAFER-ASH. See Ptelea Trifoliata.
WAHOO. See Euonymus Atropurpu-
WAKE-ROBIN. The Indian turnip
plant.
WALCHOWITE. A resinous sub-
stance occurring in yellow, translucent
masses, often striped with brown; for-
merly called retinite.
VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION OF SODA. For-
mula of hydrate of soda NaO,HO=40. | reus.
Take of solution of soda, distilled water,
each a sufficiency. Fill a burette with the
solution of soda, and cautiously drop this
into 63 grains of purified oxalic acid, dis-
solved in about two ounces of the water,
until the acid is exactly neutralized as in-
dicated by litmus. Note the number of
grain-measures (N) of the solution used,
and having then introduced 9000 grain-
measures of the solution of soda into a
graduated jar, augment this quantity by
the addition of water, until it becomes
9000x1000
N
WALKING-FERN. A plant of the
genus Lycopodium.
WALL-PELLITORY. See Parietaria
Officinalis.
WALL-PENNYWORT. A plant of the
genus Cotyledon.
A plant of the genus
WALL-PEPPER.
grain-measures. If, for exam-
ple, N930, the 9000 grain measures
9000x1000
Ledum.
WALL-WORT.
should be augmented to
= 9677 Sambucus.
930
grain-measures. Of this solution, 1000
grain-measures contain one equivalent in
grains (40 grains) of hydrate of soda, and
will therefore, neutralize one equivalent
in grains of any monobasic acid.
VOMIC NUT. The seed of the strych-
nos nux vomica.
VULCANIZATION. The art or pro-
cess of imparting new properties to caout-
chouc, by causing it to combine with
sulphur through the agency of a high
temperature, a method discovered by Mr.
Charles Goodyear, of New York. It con-
sists in submitting caoutchouc in thin
sheets to the action of a mixture, com-
posed of forty parts of bisulphuret of car-
bon and one of chloride of sulphur.
VULNERARY OINTMENT. Ar-
nica flowers, fifty parts; flowering tops of
St. Johnswort, twenty-five parts; vervain,
fifteen parts; lard, eight hundred parts.
W.
WADE'S BALSAM. A complex com-
position, of which the compound tincture
A plant of the genus
WALLING-WAX. A composition
of wax and tallow used by etchers and
engravers to make a bank or wall around
the edge of a plate, so as to form a plate
for holding the acid used in etching, and
the like.
WALNUT, BLACK. See Black Walnut.
WALNUT, EUROPEAN. See Juglans
Regia.
WALNUT, WHITE. See Butternut.
WAMPEE. A tree. The Cookia punc-
tata.
WAPATOO. The edible bulb of Sagit-
taria variabilis.
WARM PLASTER. See Emplastrum
Picis cum Cantharide.
WARNER'S GOUT CORDIAL. See
Tinctura Rhei et Sennæ.
WASHED SULPHUR. See Sulphur
Lotum.
WATER. (Aqua.) A colorless liquid,
destitute of taste and smell when pure,
transparent, and in a very small degree
compressible. It is a compound of oxy-
gen and hydrogen-two volumes or meas-
27
WAT
WAT
418
ures of hydrogen gas and one of oxygen | bing, and are kept sometimes in a metal
gas. The proportion of the ingredients tube, which prevents them from drying
in weight is 88.9 parts of oxygen to 11.1
of hydrogen. It has its maximum den-
sity at 39° Fahr., changes to steam, under
the ordinary atmospheric pressure, at 212°,
and to ice. at 32° Fahr.
Hard Water is water that contains some
mineral substance that decomposes soap,
and thus renders it unfit for washing.
Soft Water is water not tinged with
salts, so as to decompose soap; not hard.
Water of Crystallization is the water
forming a constituent of many salts, so
called because considered essential to their
crystallization.
WATER AVENS. See Avens, Water.
WATER-BATH. A bath to be used in
all cases where a heat above that of boil-
ing water would be injurious. A con-
venient one consists of two copper vessels,
the upper one of which is well tinned.
It is still more convenient to have the
water-bath constructed as a hollow vessel,
with one opening at the top for the escape
of steam and for the introduction of the
water. By inserting a cork in the aper-
ture, the contents of the inner vessel may
be poured out, as from a dish, without
spilling the water. It may be made of
tinned iron, or preferably of tinned cop-
per. Where a temperature above that of
boiling water, and not exceeding 228°, is
required, the water-bath may be filled
with glycerin or a saturated solution of
common salt, sulphate of soda, or chloride
of calcium, the latter permitting a heat as
high as 240°, when desired.
up.
WATER-CRESS. See Nasturtium Pa-
lustre.
WATER-CROWFOOT.
aquatilis.
The Ranunculus
WATER-CURE. The mode or system
of treating diseases with water; hydrop-
athy.
WATER, DIstilled. See Distilled
Water.
One who professes
to be able to divine diseases by inspection
of the urine.
WATER-DOCTOR.
WATER-DROPWORT HEMLOCK. See
Hemlock, Water-Dropwort.
WATER-ELDER. A plant of the genus
Viburnum.
WATER ERyngo. See Button Snake-
root.
WATER-FLAG. A species of Iris.
WATER-GAS. An illuminating gas,
obtained by passing steam over ignited
carbon, and composed of hydrogen, car-
bonic oxide, and carbonic acid, in various
proportions, naphthalized with benzine or
the volatile hydrocarbons of coal-tar.
WATER-GERMANDER. See Teucrium
Scordium.
WATER-GLASS. A soluble alkaline
silicate, as of potassa or soda, used for
covering surfaces with a durable coat re-
sembling glass, as a vehicle for colors in
wall-painting, and for other purposes.
WATER-GRUEL. A liquid food, com-
posed of water and a small portion of
meal, or other farinacious substance,
WATER CALAMInt. A plant of the boiled.
genus Mentha.
WATER-CEMENT. Hydraulic cement.
WATER-COLOR. A color ground with
water and gum, or size, which preserves
its consistency in a solid cake when dried,
and which can easily be mixed with water
by rubbing on a moistened palette when
wanted for use; a color, the vehicle of
which is water. So called in distinction
from oil-color. Most water-colors in a
semi-fluid state are also used for sketch-
ing from nature. They require no rub-
WATER HEMLOCK. See Cicuta Virosa.
WATER HEMLOCK, AMERICAN.
American Water Hemlock.
See
WATER HEMLOCK, FINE-LEAVED. See
Enanthe Phellandrium.
WATER-LILY, SWEET-SCENTED. See
Nymphæa Odorata.
WATER-LILY, WHITE. See Nymphæa
Alba.
WATERMELON. See Cucurbita Citrul-
lus.
WAT
WHI
419
WATER OF AMMONIA. See Ammonia cial glaze, naturally of a cream color,
Solution.
from being made of white clay, but capa-
WATER OF AMMONIA, STronger. See ble of receiving any other colors, by means
Ammonia, Stronger Water.
WATER-PARSNEP. See Sium Nodiflo-
rum.
WATER-PEPPER. See Polygonum Punc-
tatum.
of metallic oxides and ochres.
WEEPING WILLOW. See Salix
Babylonica.
WEIGHT.
That property of bodies
by which they tend toward the centre of
WATER PLANTAIN. See Alisma Plan- the earth; gravity. Weight differs from
tago.
gravity in being the effect of gravity, or
the downward pressure of a body under
the influence of gravity.
WELD. See Reseda Luteola.
WELL-WATER.
Well-water, like
Waterproof COMPOUND. (Schioicao.)
A preparation composed of three parts of
blood, deprived of its fibrin, four of lime,
and a little alum. It has the property of
making wood and other substances per-
fectly water-tight.
WATER-RADISH. See Nasturtium Am- purity of the water of a well will be in
phibium.
WATER STARWORT.
Verna.
WATERS. See Aquæ.
that from springs, is liable to contain va-
rious impurities. As a general rule, the
proportion to its depth, and the constancy
See Callitriche with which it is used.
WAX. A fatty, solid substance, pro-
duced by bees; usually called Beeswax. It
is first excreted from a row of pouches
along their sides, in the form of scales.
These, being masticated and mixed with
saliva, become whitened and tenacious,
and this substance is employed in the con-
struction of their cells. Its natural color
is amber-yellow.
WAX CANAIIBA. A wax derived from
the glaucous coating of the younger leaves
of the Copernicia cerifera, a palm in Bra-
zil.
WAX MYRTLE. See Myrica Cerifera.
WAX PAINTING. A kind of painting
in which the pigments are ground with
wax, and diluted with oil of turpentine
and other materials.
WAX, VEGETABLE.
Wax.
See Vegetable
WAX, WHITE. See Cera Alba.
WAX, YELLOW. See Yellow Wax.
WAXED CLOTH. A cloth prepared
by spreading upon linen or muslin a mix-
ture composed of eight parts of white
wax, four of olive oil, and one of turpen-
tine, melted together.
WEAK FISH. See Otolithus Regalis.
WEDGEWOOD. A kind of semi-
vitrified pottery, without much superfi-
WEST INDIA KINO. See Coccoloba
Uvifera.
WHALE, SPERMACETI. See Phy-
seter Macrocephalus.
WHEAT, COMMON WINTER. See
Triticum Vulgare.
WHEAT FLOUR. See Farina Tritici.
WHEAT STARCH. The fecula of the
seed of Triticum vulgare. Wheat starch,
when examined with the microscope, is
found to consist of granules of various
sizes, the smaller being spheroidal, the
larger rounded and flattened, with the
hilum in the centre of the flattened sur-
face, and surrounded by concentric rings,
which often extend to the edge. The
granules are mixed with loose integu-
ments, resulting from the process of
grinding.
WHEY. The watery part of milk.
WHISKY, See Spiritus Fru-
WHISKEY. Ì menti.
}"
WHITE. Having the color of pure
snow.
WHITE AGARIC. See Agaric, Purging.
WHITE ARSENIC. See Acid, Arsenious.
WHITE BALSAM. See Balsam of Peru.
WHITE BAY. See Sweet Bay.
WHITE BISMUTH. See Bismuth Sub-
nitrate.
WHITE BOLE. See Bole, Armenian.
WHITE BRYONY. See Bryony.
WHI
WHI
420
WHITE COноSн. See Actœa Alba.
WHITE COPPERAS. A mineral of a
white, yellowish, or brownish color, and
astringent taste, consisting chiefly of sul-
phuric acid, peroxide of iron, and water.
WHITE CROWN BARK. A variety of
Loxa bark, in small and large quills; the
former having a silvery appearance, from
the presence of crustaceous lichens, and
exhibiting numerous transverse cracks.
It is the produce of Cinchona condaminea.
WHITE ELM. Ulmus Americana.
WHITE FLUX. A preparation formed
by deflagrating cream of tartar with twice
its weight of nitre.
WHITE FRAXINELLA,
Dittany.
See Bastard
WHITE GUTTA-PERCHA. A gutta-per-
cha rendered pure for dental purposes.
equal to the best rhubarb in quality. It
is supposed to be the product of Rheum
leucorrhizum, which see.
WHITE SAUNDERS. See Sandal-Wood.
WHITE SULPHUR WATER. A water
of one of the springs of Harrogate. Gas-
eous contents in a wine gallon: sulphu-
retted hydrogen, 2.5 cubic inches; car-
bonic acid, 2; oxygen, 1.448; nitrogen,
3.552; total, 9.5. Solid contents in a pint:
sulphate of magnesia, 5.588 grains; sul-
phate of lime, 7.744; carbonate of lime,
1.150; chloride of calcium, 0.204; chloride
of sodium, 0.180; oxide of iron, a trace;
loss, 0.410. Total, 15.276 grains.
WHITE SWALLOW WORT. See Asclepias
Vincetoxicum.
WHITE TARTAR. The tartar deposited
from white wines.
WHITE TURPENTINE.
A yellowish-
WHITE HELLEBORE. See Veratrum
Album.
white turpentine, procured chiefly from
WHITE IPECACUANHA. See Amylaceous Pinus palustris, partly, also, from Pinus
Ipecacuanha.
WHITE LEAD. See Carbonate of Lead.
WHITE LILY. See Lilium Candidum.
WHITE MARBLE. See Marble.
WHITE MUSTARD. See Mustard.
WHITE OAK. See Quercus Alba.
WHITE OAK BARK. See Quercus Alba.
WHITE OF EGG. See Albumen Ovi.
WHITE OXIDE OF BISMUTH. See Bis-
muth Teroxide.
WHITE PARIS. See Whiting.
WHITE PEPPER. See Pepper, White.
WHITE PHOSPHORUS. See Phosphorus,
White.
tæda. It is of a peculiar, somewhat aro-
matic odor, and a warm, pungent, bit-
terish taste. Exposed to the air it ulti-
mately becomes perfectly hard and dry,
and in the recent state it affords about
seventeen per cent. of volatile oil.
WHITE VITRIOL. See Sulphate of Zinc.
WHITE WALNUT. See Butternut.
WHITE WATER LILY. See Nymphæa
Alba.
WHITE WAX. See Cera Alba.
WHITE WINE. See Sherry Wine.
WHITE-WINE VINEGAR. A vinegar
one-sixth stronger than pure malt vinegar.
That made at Orleans is the best.
WHITE WINES. Wines prepared from
white grapes or from the juice of black
grapes, fermented apart from their husks.
WHITE PINE. The Pinus strobus.
WHITE POPLAR. The Populus alba.
WHITE POPPY.
A variety of Papaver
somniferum.
WHITE PRECIPITATE. See Ammoniated The coloring matter of the grape is almost
Mercury.
WHITE RESIN. A resin differing from
the common only in being opaque and of |
a whitish color. These properties it owes
to the water with which it is incorporated,
and which gradually escapes upon ex-
posure, leaving it more or less trans-
parent.
WHITE RHUBARB. A variety of rhu-
barb, white as milk, of a sweet taste, and
insoluble in water, and hence the juice of
the red grape is nearly colorless, and will
produce a white wine if fermented alone;
but when fermented with the presence of
the grape, the alcohol generated dissolves
the coloring matter which is soluble in
that liquid, and thus the wine becomes
red.
WHITING. This is essentially the
same as prepared chalk, being made by
WHI
WIN
421
the pulverization and elutriation of crude
chalk. It is used as a coarse paint and
for various purposes in the arts, for which
carbonate of lime is requisite. Paris white
is a variety of the same material.
WHITLOW. A disease of the feet of
domestic animals of an inflammatory kind.
It occurs around the hoof, where an acrid
matter is collected.
WHORL. An arrangement of a num-
ber of leaves, flowers, or other organs
around a stem, in the same plane with each
other.
WILD. Growing or produced without
culture.
WILD BRIER. See Dog Rose.
WILD CARDAMOM. See Ceylon Carda-
mom.
WILD CARROT. See Carota.
WILD CHAMOMILE. See Chamomile,
Wild.
WILD CHERRY BARK. See Cerasus
Serotina.
WILD CUCUMBER.
Agreste.
See Ecbalium
WILD GINGER. See Asarum.
WILD HOREHOUND. See Eupatorium
Teucrifolium.
WILD INDIGO. See Baptisia Tinctoria.
WILD IPECAC. See Fever Root.
WILD LEMON. A name sometimes ap-
plied to the May apple.
WILD LETTUCE. See Lactuca Elongata.
WILD NUTMEG. See Myristica Fatua.
WILD PINK. See Catch Fly.
WINE. The fermented juice of the
grape.
WINE, ANTIMONIAL. See Antimonials.
WINE, AROMATIC. See Aromatics.
WINE OF ANTIMONY. See Antimonials.
WINE OF ALOES,
WINE OF CITRATE OF IRON,
WINE OF COLCHICUM,
WINE OF ERGOT,
WINE OF IPECAC,
WINE OF IRON,
WINE OF OPIUM,
WINE OF ORANGE,
WINE OF QUINIA,
WINE OF RHUBARB,
WINE OF TAR,
WINE OF TOBACCO.
WINE, CLARET. See Claret.
WINE, MADEIRA.
WINE, PORT,
WINE, RED.
See
Vinum.
See Madeira Wine.
} See Port Wine.
WINE, SHERRY. See Sherry Wine.
WINE, TENERIFFE. See Teneriffe Wine.
WINE VINEGAR. (Acetum Gallicum.)
A vinegar which may be distinguished
monia in slight excess, which causes in the
from malt vinegar by the addition of am-
former, a purplish muddiness, and slowly
a purplish precipitate, and in the latter,
either no effect, or a dirty-brownish pre-
cipitate.
WINE, WHITE. See Sherry Wine.
WINES, ACIDULOUS. Wines owing
their flavor to the presence of carbonic
WILD POTATO. See Convolvulus Pan- acid, or of an unusual proportion of tartar.
duratus.
WILD ROSEMARY. See Croton Lineare.
WILD SARSAPARILLA. See Aralia Nu-
dicaulis.
WILD SENNA. See American Senna.
WILD SENNA OF EUROPE. See Globu-
laria Alypum.
WILD THYME. See Thymus Serpyllum.
WILD YAM-ROOT. See Colic Root.
WILLOW. See Salix.
WILLOW-HERB. Epilobium an-
gustifolium.
WINDSOR SOAP. A scented soap,
made of one part of olive oil and nine parts
of tallow.
WINES, ASTRINGENT. (Rough Wines.)
Wines owing their flavor to a portion of
tannic acid, derived from the husks of the
grape.
WINES, DRY. Those wines in which
the sugar and ferment are in considerable
amount, and in the proper relative pro-
portions for mutual decomposition; the
wine will be strong-bodied and sound,
without marked sweetness or acidity.
WINES, GENEROUS. (Spirituous Wines.)
Those wines in which the juice is very
saccharine, and contain sufficient ferment
to sustain the fermentation. The conver-
sion of the sugar into alcohol will proceed
WIN
WOO
422
until checked by the production of a cer-
tain amount of the latter.
WINES, LIGHT. Those wines which
contain but a small proportion of sugar,
or are made from grapes but slightly sac-
charine.
WINES, MEDICATED. See Medicated
Wines.
WINES OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
Wines are made in many countries, and
are known in commerce by various names,
according to their source. Portugal pro-
duces Port and Lisbon; Spain, Sherry,
Saint Lucar, Malaga, and Tent; France,
Champagne, Burgundy, Hermitage, Vin
de Grave, Sauterne, and Claret; Ger-
many, Hock and Moselle; Hungary, To-
kay; Sicily, Marsala, or Sicily Madeira,
and Lisa; the Cape of Good Hope, Con-
stantia; Madeira and The Canaries, Ma-
deira and Teneriffe.
WINES, RED. Wines derived from the
must of black grapes fermented with their
husks.
WINTER CHERRY, COMMON. See Phy-
salis Alkekengi.
WINTER CLOVER. See Checker Berry.
WINTER-GREEN. A title applied to
the Gaultheria procumbens, and to the
Chimaphila umbellata.
WINTER-GREEN, SPOTTED. The Chi-
maphila maculata.
WINTER Savory.
tana.
See Satureja Mon-
WINTER'S BARK. See Drimys Win-
teri.
WIRY LOXA BARK. A very slen-
der variety of Loxa bark, in wire-like
quills, internally smooth and brown, in
some places slightly gray, without lichens,
and almost destitute of transverse fissures.
It is nearly worthless, being almost desti-
tute of alkaloids.
WISTAR'S COUGH LOZENGES.
A lozenge much used in Philadelphia,
similar to the officinal troches of licorice
and opium.
WITCH-HAZEL. (Hamamelis Vir-
WINES, ROUGH. See Wines, Astringent. ginica.) An indigenous shrub, from five
WINES, SPARKLING. Wines made by to fifteen feet high, growing in almost all
letting the wine undergo the second fer- sections of the United States. It flowers
mentation in the bottle.
in September or October. The bark and
WINES, SPIRITUOUS. See Wines, Gen- leaves have a bitter, astringent, somewhat
erous.
WINES, SWEET. Wines in which the
juice is highly saccharine, and the fer-
ment deficient in quantity, so that less
alcohol is produced by the action of the
ferment upon the sugar.
WINES, WHITE. Wines prepared from
white grapes, or from the juice of black
grapes, fermented apart from their husks.
WINE-WHEY. A preparation formed
by adding to a pint of boiling milk, re-
moved from the fire, from a gill to half a
pint of white wine, straining without pres-
sure to separate the curd, and sweetening
the clear whey with loaf sugar.
WINGSEED. See Ptelea Trifoliata.
WINTERA. See Drimys Winteri.
WINTER BERRY. A title sometimes
applied to the Prinos verticillatus, because
the berries remain attached late in the
autumn after the leaves have fallen.
sweetish, and pungent taste, and have been
used in hemorrhages with success.
WITHERITE. A name given to the
native carbonate of baryta, a rare mineral,
discovered by Dr. Withering.
WOAD. See Isatis Tinctoria.
WOLFSBANE. See Monkshood.
WOOD ALCOHOL. See Alcohol,
Methylic.
WOOD BETONY. See Betony.
WOOD NAPHTHA. See Alcohol, Methylic.
WOOD OIL.
See Dipterocarpus Tur-
binatus.
WOOD SPIRIT. See Alcohol, Methylic.
WOOD-SORREL. See Acetosella.
WOOD-TAR. A product of the dry dis-
tillation of wood. It is a mixture of va-
rious oils and volatile crystalline solids,
composed principally of carbon and hy-
drogen.
WOOD VINEGAR. A name given to
WOO
XAN
423
acetic acid obtained by the distillation of LIUS. A tree of Roxburgh from which
wood, containing wood spirit and creasote. it was supposed the gum gamboge was
WOODBINE. The honeysuckle. obtained.
WOODY NIGHTSHADE. A name
XANTHOGEN. A supposed basify-
by which the plant Solanum dulcamara is ing and acidifying compound principle,
sometimes called.
WOORALI,
WOORARA,
WOORARI.
See Curare.
formerly considered to be analogous to
cyanogen, and believed to consist of sul-
phur and carbon, which, with certain
metals, forms xanthides, and with hydro-
WORMSEED. See Chenopodium An- gen forms an acid analogous to hydrocy-
thelminticum.
anic.
WORMSEED, EUROPEAN. See Santonica. XANTHOPHYL. A yellow coloring
WORM TEA. A preparation consist-matter obtained from the leaves of trees
ing of pinkroot, senna, manna, and sa- in autumn.
vine, mixed together, in various propor- XANTHOPICRITE. A principle or
alkaloid identical with Berberina, discov-
See Artemisia Ab-ered in a species of Xanthoxylum.
tions.
WORMWOOD.
sinthium.
WRIGHTIA
XANTHORHAMIC ACID. An acid
composed of C6H28028, contained in the
fruit of Rhamnus tinctoria. See Quercit-
ANTIDYSENTERI-
CA. See Nerium Antidysentericum.
WRIGHTIA TINCTORIA. A species of ric Acid.
Wrightia affording indigo.
WRIGHTINE. A peculiar alkaloid
principle obtained from the Wrightia an-
tidysenterica.
WURRUS. A name by which the
powder and hairs obtained from the cap-
sules of Rottlera tinctoria is called in Hin-
dostan. See Kamala.
X.
XANTHEINE. A yellow substance,
soluble in water, which forms the color-
ing matter of some yellow flowers.
XANTHIC. Of, or pertaining to, a
certain oxide, called also uric oxide, ex-
isting in the form of a white powder, and
insoluble in water, ether, or alcohol, ob-
tained from a rare variety of urinary cal-
culus, and from similar concretions, also
pertaining to a certain heavy, oily, fluid
acid.
XANTHINE. The yellow, insoluble
coloring matter contained in certain plants,
and the petals of certain flowers, as those
of the sunflower.
46
XANTHORRHIZA (Yellow Root.)
The root of Xanthorrhiza apiifolia or
Xanthorrhiza tinctoria, an indigenous
shrub, two or three feet in height, with a
horizontal root, which sends off numerous
suckers. The yellow root grows in the
interior of the Southern and in the West-
ern States, and is abundant on the banks
of the Ohio. It possesses properties closely
analogous to those of columbo, quassia,
and the other simple tonic bitters.
XANTHORRHIZA APIIFOLIA, Į
XANTHORRHIZA TINCTORIA.
See Xanthorrhiza.
XANTHORRHEA. A genus of plants
found in Australia, having numerous long
linear leaves, very closely set, and exuding
from the stem a reddish-yellow inodorous
resin, which is sometimes employed in
Australia as a remedy for diseases of the
chest.
XANTHORRHŒA HASTILIS. See Grass-
Tree Gum.
XANTHORRHEA RESINS. Two resinous
substances, the products of different species
of Xanthorrhoea, have been introduced into
England from New Holland. They are
obtained by spontaneous exudation from
the stems of the plants, which are usually
XANTHOCHYMUS OVALIFO- shrubs. One of the resins is yellow and
XANTHIUM. A genus of plants of
which one species (Xanthium spinosum)
yields a yellow dye.
ΧΑΝ
YEL
424
the other red. The yellow variety related to gun-cotton, but explodes with less
sembles, in some respects, balsam tolu in violence.
odor, and the red variety resembles dra-
gon's blood in color.
XANTHOTANNIC ACID. The yel-
low coloring matter of autumnal leaves,
composed of C8H1804-
28
XANTHOXYLENE. A liquid vola-
tile oil isomeric with oil of turpentine,
obtained by distillation from the fruit of
Xanthoxylum alatum.
XANTHOXYLIN. A name given to
a crystalline stearoptene which separates
from xanthoxylene upon cooling.
XANTHOXYLUM.
A genus of
prickly shrubs or small trees, the wood of
which is of a yellow color; prickly-ash.
All parts of the plant are pungent and
aromatic.
XYLOL. (Xylene.) This is the name
of a medicine reputed to be valuable in
small-pox. It is a hydrocarbon, C.H10)
and was first separated from coal naphtha
by Dr. Hugo Muller. It is obtained by
fractional distillation until a distillate is
obtained of about 140 C. boiling-point;
this is mixed with sulphuric acid, which
dissolves xylol; this acid is decomposed
by dry distillation, and the xylol thus ob-
tained is further purified. Dose, as a
prophylactic, ten to fifteen drops once a
day; during the progress of the disease
the same dose is given four times a day in
wine, syrup, or water. Its specific gravity
is .866.
XYLONITE. A name given to the
XANTHOXYLUM ALATUM. See Jap- peculiar substance derived from woody
anese Pepper.
XANTHOXYLUM AMERICANUM,
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
See Prickly Ash.
XANTHOXYLUM CAROLINIANUM. A
species of Xanthoxylum growing in Vir-
ginia.
XANTHOXYLUM CLAVA HERCULIS. A
species of Xanthoxylum native of the
West Indies.
XYLENE. See Xylol.
XYLIC ALCOHOL. A principle in
coal tar which adheres tenaciously to car-
bolic acid, and causes it to become brown
on exposure to the air.
XYLIC ACID, An acid obtained by
XYLYLIC ACID, the action of sodium
XYLITIC ACID. on the bromine com-
pound of xylol in a stream of carbonic
acid.
XYLITO. A volatile, inflammable
liquid which exists in crude or impure
pyroligneous acid.
XYLOBALSAMUM. A name for-
merly given to the dried twigs of the
Balm of Gilead tree, and to its resinous
juice.
fibre.
XYLOSTEIN. A crystalline, bitter
principle obtained from the berries of
Lonicera xylosteum. By dilute acids it
is converted into sugar and other sub-
stances.
Y.
YAM. See Dioscorea Sativa.
YAOURT. A fermented drink or
milk-beer made by the Turks.
YAPON. A species of Ilex growing
in the southeastern parts of the United
States.
YARRISH. Having a rough, dry
taste.
YARROW. See Achillea.
YEAST. See Cerevisia Fermentum.
YEAST POULTICE. See Cataplasma
Fermenti.
YELK. (Vitellus Ovi.) The yellow
part of an egg,
YELLOW. A bright golden color.
Chrome Yellow. The chromate of lead,
used as a pigment.
King's Yellow. A poisonous yellow
pigment, composed of arsenious acid and
tersulphide of arsenic.
YELLOW AMORPHOUS OXIDE OF MER-
See Mercury, Yellow Amorphous
XYLOIDIN. A white explosive com-
pound made by the action of strong nitric | cURY.
acid on starch or woody fibre. It is re- Oxide.
YEL
ZAM
425
YELLOW BARK.
A title applied to
several varieties of Peruvian bark. See
Bark, Calisaya.
YELLOW CINCHONA. See Bark, Cali-
saya.
YELLOW COPPERAS. A translucent
mineral of a yellow color, and pearly
lustre, consisting chiefly of sulphuric acid,
sesquioxide of iron, and water.
YELLOW DOCK.
See Rumex.
ica.
YELLOW WASH. See Aqua Phagedon-
YELLOW WAX. See Cera Flava.
YELLOW WOOD. A tree of the genus
Cladrastis.
YELLOW WORT. A plant of the genus
Chlora.
YEW TREE, COMMON EUROPE-
AN. See Taxus Baccata.
YLANG-YLANG. Under this name
YELLOW DYE TREE OF SOUDAN. See the volatile oil of the flowers of Unona
Berberin Tree.
YELLOW EARTH. A yellowish clay,
colored by iron, sometimes used as a yel-
low pigment.
YELLOW-FLOWERED RHODODENDRON.
See Rhododendron Chrysanthemum.
YELLOW GENTIAN. See Gentian.
YELLOW IODIDE OF MERCURY. A
bright lemon-yellow powder, insoluble in
water and alcohol, prepared by precipi-
tating protonitrate, or some other proto-
salt of mercury, by iodide of potassium,
to which one-sixth of its weight of iodine
has been previously added.
YELLOW JASMINE.
pervirens.
odoratissima was recently introduced into
perfumery.
YOUNG FUSTIC. See Hungarian
Fustic.
YTTRIA.
A fine white powder or
earth, without taste or smell, insoluble in
water, and having no effect upon vege-
table blues. It is supposed to consist of
the protoxide of yttrium.
YTTRIUM. A very rare metal, dis-
covered in 1828, by Wohler. Its texture
is scaly, its color grayish-black, and its
lustre perfectly metallic. Its oxide, yttria,
was discovered in 1794, by Professor Gad-
See Bignonia Sem- olin, in a mineral found at Ytterly, in
Sweden,
YELLOW LADIES' BEDSTRAW. See
Cheese Rennet.
YELLOW LADIES' SLIPPER. A name
sometimes applied to the Cypripedium
pubescens, from the color of its flowers.
YELLOW MERCURIAL SOLUTION.
Lotio Hydrargyri Flava.
See
Z.
ZAFFER. Impure oxide of cobalt;
the residuum of cobalt after the sulphur,
arsenic, and other volatile matters have
been expelled by calcination, being a gray
or dark-gray substance, consisting of the
YELLOW PARILLA. See Menispermum protoxide of cobalt, mixed with some
Canadense.
YELLOW PINE. A common name by
which the Pinus palustris is known in the
South.
YELLOW PRUSSIATE OF POTASH.
Ferrocyanate of Potassa.
See
A
YELLOW PUCCOON. See Hydrastis.
YELLOW RESIN. (Resina Flava.)
name sometimes applied to common rosin.
YELLOW ROOT. See Hydrastis.
YELLOW SAUNDERS. See Sandal- Wood.
YELLOW SOAP, COMMON. See Soap,
Common Yellow.
silica.
ZAMIA. A genus of plants allied to
the palms.
ZAMIA ARROWROOT. A variety of
fecula consisting of granules forming the
half, third, or quarter of a solid sphere;
called also Florida arrowroot, being pre-
pared from the roots of the Zamia integ-
rifolia, growing in Florida.
ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA. See Zamia Ar-
rowroot.
ZAMIA LANUGINOSA. A species of
Zamia inhabiting the islands and coasts
of the Indian Ocean, containing a farina-
YELLOW SULPHATE OF MERCURY. See ceous product, which is applied to the
Hydrargyri Sulphas Flavus.
purposes of nutriment by the natives, and
ZAN
ZIR
426
which probably contributes to the supply | when used in painting as a substitute for
of the sago of commerce.
white lead.
ZANTE-WOOD. A plant of the genus
Rhus (R. cotinus).
ZAPHARA. Zaffer; a mineral used
by potters to give a blue tint or sky color
in their wares.
senic.
}
Š
ZINC, CYANIDE,
ZINC, CYANURET. See Cyanides.
ZINC-ETHYL. A colorless, transparent,
poisonous liquid, which takes fire spon-
taneously on exposure to the atmosphere,
}
See Ferrc-
ZARNICH. Native sulphuret of ar- composed of zinc and ethyl.
ZINC, FERROCYANIDE,
ZINC, FERROCYANURET. cyanides.
ZINC FLOWERS. See Flowers.
ZINC, GRANULATED. See Granulated
ZEA MAYS. See Indian Corn.
ZEDOARY. See Radix Zedoariæ.
ZEINE. The gluten of maize or In-
dian corn.
ZERUMBET.
See Cassumuniar.
ZIBETHUM. See Civet.
ZIEGA. Curd produced from milk by
adding acetic acid, after rennet has ceased
to cause coagulation.
ZINC. (Zincum.) A metal of a bril-
liant white color, with a shade of blue,
and appearing as if composed of plates
adhering together; spelter. It is not
brittle, but less malleable than copper,
lead, or tin. The compounds of zinc are
poisonous, but not to the same extent as
those of lead.
A com-
ZINC ACETATE. See Acetates.
ZINC AMMONIO-PHOSPHATE.
pound obtained by mixing a solution of sul-
phate of zinc in ammonia, and of phosphate
of ammonia containing excess of alkali, and
allowing the filtered solution to rest for
a day, when a fine powdery precipitate
forms, which, when thoroughly washed
and dried, has the composition 2NHO,
6ZnO,3PO,
ZINC-AMYL. A colorless, transparent
liquid, composed of zinc and amyl, which,
when exposed to the atmosphere, emits
fumes, and absorbs oxygen with rapidity.
ZINC BLENDE. Native sulphuret of
zinc.
ZINC BLOOM. An opaque mineral of a
dull lustre, consisting chiefly of carbonic
acid, oxide of zinc, and water.
ZINC BUTTER. See Chloride of Zinc.
ZINC CARBONATE. See Carbonates.
ZINC, CHLORIDE. See Chlorides.
ZINC COLIC. A colic said to resemble
lead colic, produced by the oxide of zinc
Zinc.
ZINC, IMPURE OXIDE.
Oxide of Zinc.
See Iodides.
See Impure
See Lactates.
ZINC, IODIDE.
ZINC, LACTATE.
ZINC-METHYL. A volatile liquid, con-
sisting of two equivalents of carbon, three
fire spontaneously on exposure to the air,
of hydrogen, and one of zinc. It takes
and its vapors are very poisonous.
ZINC, OXIDE. See Oxides.
ZINC, PHOSPHATE. See Phosphates.
ZINC, PRECIPITATED CARBONATE. See
Carbonates.
See Sodio-
ZINC, SILICATE. See Calamina.
ZINC, SODIO-PHOSPHATE.
Phosphate of Zinc.
ZINC, SOLUTION OF CHLORide. See
Chlorides.
ZINC, SULPHATE. See Sulphates.
ZINC, VALERIANATE. See Valerianates.
ZINC, VITRIOL. Sulphate of zinc.
ZINC, WHITE. The oxide of zinc, a
pigment largely used in the place of white
lead.
ZINCUM. See Zinc.
ZINGIBER. See Ginger.
ZINGIBER, CASSUMUNIAR.
sumuniar.
See Cas-
ZINGIBER OFFICINALE. See Ginger.
ZINGIBER ZERUMBET. See Cassumu-
niar.
ZINGIBERACEÆ. The family of
plants which includes the genus Curcuma.
ZIRCON. A mineral containing the
earth zirconia and silica. A red variety
is called hyacinth.
ZIRCONIA. An oxide of Zirconium,
discovered by Klaproth, in the year 1789,
ZIR
ZYT
427
in the Zircon of Ceylon. It is, when pure, | impregnated with salt water, scraped from
a white powder, soluble in sulphuric acid, the sides of ships, formerly used in ex-
but not in the other acids.
ternal applications.
ZIRCONIUM. A metal obtained from
the minerals zircon and hyacinth, com-
monly in the form of a black powder. It
was discovered by Berzelius, in 1824, but
Davy had previously rendered its existence
probable.
ZITTMAN'S DECOCTION. See De-
coctions.
ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA. A species of
Zizyphus growing in the East Indies, pos-
sessing properties similar to those of Zizy-
phus vulgaris.
ZIZYPHUS LOTUS. A species of Zizy-
phus growing in the north of Africa, pos-
sessing properties similar to those of Zizy-
phus vulgaris.
ZOSTERA. A genus of plants of the
Pond-weed family, some species of which
are known by the common name of Sea-
wrack.
ZYMOLOGY. The doctrine of fer-
mentation, or a treatise upon it.
ZYMOME. A protein compound or
coagulated vegetable albumen, obtained
from the residue of crude gluten after
boiling with alcohol.
ZYMOMETER,
ZYMOSIMETER. (for
An instrument
ascertaining
the mixture of different liquids, and the
the degree of fermentation occasioned by
degree of heat which they acquire in fer-
mentation.
Of, pertaining to, or
ZYMOTIC.
caused by fermentation.
ZYMOTIC DISEASE. Any epidemic, en-
ZIZYPHUS VULGARIS. (Rhamnus Zizy-
phus.) A shrub or small tree growing on
the shores of the Mediterranean, and cul-
tivated in Italy, Spain, and the south of
France. The fruit is demulcent and nu-demic, contagious, or sporadic affection,
tritive, and is used in the form of decoc-
tion in pectoral complaints.
ZOOCHEMY. Animal chemistry.
ZOPISSA. A mixture of pitch and tar
which is produced by some morbific prin-
ciple acting on the system like a ferment.
ZYTHUM. A kind of malt beverage;
a liquor made from malt and wheat.
PART SECOND.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS.
SELECTED PRESCRIPTIONS.
FORMULE AND DOSES FOR HYPODERMIC MEDICATION.
FORMULE AND DOSES OF MEDICINES FOR INHALATION.
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
DISEASES THEIR DEFINITIONS.
POISONS: THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
ATTFIELD'S SATURATION TABLES.
TABLE OF BOILING-POINTS OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES.
CHEMICAL FORMULA.
ATOMIC WEIGHTS OF ELEMENTS.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
LIST OF ELEMENTS, AND THEIR PRINCIPAL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
CONSTANTS.
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
THE PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES FOR INTERMENT OR DISSECTION.
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES FROM THE U. S. PHARMACOPŒIA OF 1873.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA OF 1873.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PHYSICIANS'
PRESCRIPTIONS.
Abbreviations are chiefly used in medicinal formula. They are by no means as
frequently employed now as formerly, when every article had its appropriate symbol.
The chief abbreviations now adopted are the following:
R. Recipe, Take.
A. AA, ANA (xvx). Utriusque, Of each.
ABDOM. Abdomen.
ABS. FEBR. Absente febre, In the absence
of fever.
AD. OR ADD. Adde or addatur.
AD LIB. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
ADMOV. Admoveatur, Let it be applied.
ALTERN. HOR. Alternis horis, Every other
hour.
C. V. Cras vespere, To-morrow evening.
COCHL. Cochleare, A spoonful.
COCHL. AMPL. Cochleare amplum, A large
spoonful.
COCHL. INF. Cochleare infantum, A child's
spoonful.
COCHL. MOD. OR MED. Cochleare modicum
or medium, A dessertspoonful.
COCHL. PARV. Cochleare parvum, A tea-
spoonful.
ALV. ADSTRICT. Alvo adstrictâ, The bow- COL. Cola and Colaturæ, Strain, and to
els being confined.
AQ. Aqua, Water.
the strained.
COLLYR. Collyrium, An eye-water.
AQ. CoмM. Aqua communis, Common COMP. Compositus, Compound.
water.
AQ. FONT. Aqua fontis, Spring water.
Aq. BULL. Aqua bulliens, Boiling water.
AQ. FERV. Aqua fervens, Hot water.
AQ. MARIN. Aqua marina, Sea water.
B. A. Balneum arenæ, A sand-bath.
BALS. Balsamum, Balsam.
BB. BBDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes.
BIB. Bibe, Drink.
BIS IND. Bis indies, Twice daily.
CONF. Confectio, Confection.
CONG. Congius, A gallon.
CoNs. Conserva, Conserve.
CONT. Continueter, Let it be continued.
Coq. Coque, Boil.
CORT. Cortex, Bark.
CRAST. Crastinus, For to-morrow.
CUJ. Cujus, of which.
CUJUSL. Cujuslibet, Of any.
CYATH. Cyathus, A glassful.
B. M. Balneum mariæ, A salt water bath. CYATH. THEE. A cup of tea.
BOL. Bolus.
BULL. Bulliat, Let it boil.
BUT. Butyrum, Butter.
B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapor-bath.
CERUL. Cœruleus, Blue.
CAP. Capiat, Let him take.
C. C. Cornu cervi, Hartshorn.
D. Dosis, A dose.
D. ET S. Detur et signetur. (Placed at
the end of a prescription.)
D. D. Detur ad, Let it be given in or to.
D. D. VITR. Detur ad vitrum, Let it be
given in a glass.
C. C. U. Cornu cervi ustum, Burnt harts- DEAUR. PIL. Deaurentur pilulæ, Let the
horn.
C. M. Cras manè, To-morrow morning.
C. N. Cras nocte, To-morrow night.
CHART. Chartula, A small paper.
pills be gilded.
DEB. SPISS. Debita spissitudo, A due con-
sistence.
DEC. Decanta, Pour off.
432
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PHYSICIANS' PRESCRIPTIONS.
•
DECUB. Decubitus, Lying down; going | HOR. INTERM. Horis intermediis, At in-
to bed.
termediate hours.
DE D. IN D. De die in diem, From day to H. S. Horâ somni, At bedtime.
day.
INF. Infunde, Infuse.
DEJ. ALV. Dejectiones alvi, Alvine evac- IND. Indies, Daily.
uations.
DEP. Depuratus, Purified.
DET. Detur, Let it be given.
INJ. ENEM. Injiciatur enema, Let a clyster
be made.
IN PULM. In pulmento, In gruel.
DIEB. ALTERN. Diebus alternis, Every JUL. Julepus, A julep.
other day.
DIEB. TERT. Diebus tertiis, Every third
day.
DIG. Digeratur, Let it be digested.
DIL. Dilutus, Dilute.
DIM. Dimidius, One-half.
DIST. Distilla, Distil.
Div. Divide, Divide.
DONEC ALV. SOLUT. FUER. Donec alvus so-
luta fuerit, Until the bowels are opened.
DRACH. Drachma, A drachm.
EJUSD. Ejusdem, Of the same.
ENEM. Enema, A clyster.
EXHIB. Exhibeatur, Let it be exhibited.
EXT. SUPER ALUT. Extende super alutam,
Spread upon leather.
F. Fiat, Let it be made.
F. PIL. Fiat Pilula, Make into a pill.
F. VENÆS. OR F. VS. Fiat venæsectio, Let
bleeding be performed.
FEB. DUR. Febre durante, The fever con-
tinuing.
LAT. DOL. Lateri dolenti, To the pained
side.
LB. and LIB. Libra, A pound weight.
LIB. LLB. Libræ, Pounds.
LIQ. Liquor.
M. Misce, Mix.
MAC. Macera, Macerate.
MAN. Manipulus, A handful.
MAN. PRIM. Manè primo, Early in the
morning.
MASS. Massa, A mass.
MIC. PAN. Mica panis, Crumb of bread.
MIN. Minimum, The sixtieth part of a
drachm by measure.
| MITT. Mitte, Send.
MITT. SANG. Mittatur sanguis, Let blood
be drawn.
MOD. PRÆSCRIPT. Modo præscripto, In
the manner directed.
MOR. SOL. More solito, In the usual man-
ner.
Muc. Mucilago, Mucilage.
FEM. INTERN. Femoribus internis, To the N. M. Nux moschata, Nutmeg.
inside of the thighs.
FIST. ARMAT. Fistula armata, A bag and
pipe; a clyster pipe and bladder fitted
for use.
FL. Fluidus, Fluid.
FLOR. Flores, Flowers.
FRUST. Frustillatim, In small pieces.
GARG. Gargarysma, A gargle.
0. Octarius, A pint.
OL. Oleum, Oil.
OL. LINI. S. I. Oleum lini sine igne, Cold-
drawn linseed oil.
OMN. BID. Omni biduo, Every two days.
OMN. BIH. Omni bihorio, Every two hours.
OMN. HOR. Omni horâ, Every hour.
OMN. MAN. Omni manè, Every morning.
GEL. QUAVIS. Gelatinâ quâvis, In any OMN. NOCTE, Every night.
kind of jelly.
G. G. G. Gummi gutta Gambia, Gamboge.
GR. Granum, A grain.
GTT. Gutta, A drop.
OMN. QUADR. HOR. Omni quadrante horæ,
Every quarter of an hour.
0.0.0. Oleum olivæ optimum, Best olive
oil.
GTT. or GUTT. QUIBUSD. Guttis quibus-Ov.
dam, With some drops.
GUM. Gummi, Gum.
GUTTAT. Guttatim, By drops.
HAUST. Haustus, A draught.
HOR. DECUB. Horâ decubitus, At bedtime.
Ovum, An egg.
Ox. Oxymel.
Oz. Uncia, An ounce.
P. Pondere, By weight.
P. AND PUG. Pugillus, A pugil; the eighth
part of a handful.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PHYSICIANS' PRESCRIPTIONS. 433
P. Æ. Partes æquales, Equal parts.
PART. VIC. Partitis vicibus, In divided
doses.
PERACT. OP. EMET. Peracta operatione
emetici, The operation of the emetic
being over.
PIL. Pilula, A pill.
POST SING. SED. LIQ. Post singulas sedes
liquidas, After every liquid evacuation.
Poт. Potio, A potion; a liquid medicine
from four to eight ounces or more in
quantity.
P. P. Pulvis patrum, Jesuits' bark.
P. RAT. ÆTAT. Pro ratione ætatis, Ac-
cording to the age.
Ss. Semi, One-half.
ST. Stet, Let it stand.
SUB FIN. COCT. Sub finem coctionis, To-
wards the end of the boiling.
SUM. Sumat, Let him take.
SUMMITATES. The tops.
S. V. Spiritus vini, Spirit of wine.
S. V. R. Spiritus vini rectificatus, Rectified
spirit of wine.
S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit
of wine.
SYR. Syrupus, Syrup.
TEMP. DEXT. Tempori dextro, To the right
temple.
T. O. Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium.
P. R. N. Pro re natâ, As occasion may be. Tr., TRA., AND TINCT. Tinctura, Tinc-
PULV. Pulvis, A powder.
ture.
Q. P. Quantum placeat, As much as may| TRIT. Tritura, Triturate.
please.
Q. S. Quantum sufficiat, As much as is suf-
ficient.
QUOR. Quorum, Of which.
Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you
wish.
RAD. Radix, Root.
RAS. Rasuræ, Shavings.
RECT. Rectificatus, Rectified.
RED. OR REDIG. IN PULV. Redactus in pul-
verem or Redigatur in pulverem, Pow-
dered, or Let it be powdered.
REG. UMBIL. Regio umbilici, The umbili-
cal region.
REPET. Repetatur, Let it be repeated.
S. Signa, Write.
S. A. Secundum artem, According to art.
SEM. Semen, Seed.
SEMI-DR. Semi-drachma, Half a drachm.
SEMI-H. Semi-hora, Half an hour.
SERV. Serva, Keep, preserve.
SESQUIH. Sesquihora, An hour and a half.
SESUNC. Sesuncia, An ounce and a half.
SI NON VAL. Si non valeat, If it does not
answer.
SI OP. CIT. Si opus sit, If there be need.
SI VIR. PERM. Si vires permittant, If the
strength will permit.
SOLV. Solve, Dissolve.
SP. AND SPIR. Spiritus, Spirit.
V. O. S. OR VIT. OV. Sol. Vitello ovi solu-
tus, Dissolved in the yolk of an egg.
V. S. Venaesectio, Venesection.
Z. Z. Anciently myrrh: now zingiber or
ginger.
Ib Libra, A pound.
3 Uncia, An ounce.
3 Drachma, A drachm.
Scrupulum, A scruple.
my Minimum, A minim.
SS. Semissis, or half; iss., one and a half;
j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c.
The same system is not always followed
in abbreviating. The subjoined will ex-
hibit the usual mode:
R. Infus. Colomb, fZiss.
Tinct. Gent. C., fzj.
Syr. Cort. Aurant., fzss.
Tinct. Caps., gtt. xl. M.
Capt. coch. ij. p. r. n.
This, written at length, is as follows:
Recipe.
Infusi Columbæ, sesqui-fluidunciam.
Tincturæ Gentiana Compositæ,
fluidrachmam.
Syrupi Corticis Aurantiorum,
semi-fluidrachmam.
Tincturæ Capsici, guttas quadraginta.
Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo pro re natâ.
28
434
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
NARCOTICS AND SEDATIVES.
B. Acidi Hydrocyanici Medicinalis, gtt. Ix.
Morphiæ Sulph., gr. iij.
Tinet. Sanguinariæ,
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, ãã, f3ss.
Syr. Pruni Virginianæ, vel Misturæ
Amygdalæ, fav.
Fiat mistura cujus sumat cochlearium parvum
bis terve in die.
A most valuable remedy in the treatment of
chronic bronchial disease. As the acid is apt
to float on the top of the liquid, the vial
should be shaken on the administration of each
dose.
R. Acidi Hydrocyanici Medicinalis, gtt. xxv.
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, f3ij.
Syr. Tolutan, f3j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fiij.
Fiat mistura, cujus sumatur cochl. parv. quartâ
quâque horâ.
A valuable remedy in hooping-cough.
B. Extract. Belladonnæ, gr. x.
Acidi Hydrocyanici Med., gtt. lx.
Tinct. Columbæ,
Syr. Simp., āā, fŝj.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3ij.
Misce. A teaspoonful three or four times daily.
Useful in chronic bronchitis and spasmodic
asthma.
R. Cyanidi Potassii, gr. xxij.
Alcohol. Officinalis, f3xj.
Misce.
This preparation of cyanogen, which pos-
sesses the same medicinal qualities, and is of the
same strength with the medicinal hydrocyanic
acid, is greatly preferred by many practitioners
as a therapeutic agent, inasmuch as it can be
depended on as being always of uniform
strength. It may be used in the same doses
and under the same circumstances in which the
hydrocyanic acid medicinal is used.
. Extracti Hyoscyami, 3ss.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. iij.
Strychniæ, gr. ij.
Capsici pulv., 3ss.
Zinci Sulphatis, gr. xv.
M. Fiat massa, in pilulas xxx dividenda ;
capiat unam, ter quaterve in die.
In neuralgia, unattended by organic lesions,
the above pills, exhibited every sixth or fourth
hour, according to circumstances, will be found
to be an excellent remedy.
B. Extracti Hyoscyami, 3ss.
Ferri Valerianatis, 3j.
M. Fiat massa, et in pilulas xxx dividenda;
quarum date unam ter in die.
An excellent remedy in chorea and all neu-
ralgic affections of anæmic and debilitated fe-
males.
R. Extracti Hyoscyami, Diss.
Zinci Valerianatis, 9j.
M. Fiant pilulæ xxx; capiat unam bis terve
in die.
A valuable pill in the treatment of facial
neuralgia.
R. Extracti Belladonnæ, gr. viij.
Camphoræ pulv., 5j.
Quiniæ Disulphatis, Dij.
Misce. Fiant pilulæ triginti.
A very effective pill in the treatment of dys-
menorrhaa. One pill may be exhibited every
hour or two hours till the pain ceases.
B.
Extracti Hyoscyami, 3j.
Argenti Nitratis, gr. x.
Cantharidis pulv., gr. xij.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, Dij.
Fiant pilulæ xl.
Sumat unam mane et nocte.
A pill highly recommended in the treatment
of leucorrhaa, occurring in anæmic and nervous
females.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
435
R. Extracti Conii, 3j.
Cantharidis pulv., ij.
Hydrarg. Submur., 5ss.
Ipecac. pulv., ǝj.
M. Fiat massa, in pilulas xl; dividenda.
Cujus capiat unam ter quaterve in die.
A valuable diuretic and alterative in the
treatment of cellular dropsy.
P. Extracti Belladonnæ, ss.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, 3j.
M. Fiant pilulæ xxx. Sumat unam ter in die.
Very efficacious in the treatment of gastral-
gia; as is also the following:
R. Tinct. Opii,
Tinet. Capsici,
Ether. Sulph.,
Tinct. Camphoræ, āā, šiij.
Chloroformi, 5j.
Fiat mistura cujus capiat coch. parv. pro re
nâta.
R. Extracti Hyoscyami, 3j.
Argenti Nitratis, gr. x.
Bismuthi Subnitratis, 3iss.
Fiant pilulæ xl; quarum sumatur una mane
ac nocte.
In that variety of gastralgia which is not
unfrequently occurring in the course of chronic
gastritis, the greatest benefit has been derived
from the above pills.
R. Extracti Conii vel Lupuli, 3j.
Argenti Nitratis, gr. x.
Capsici pulv.,
Quiniæ Sulph., āā, Dij.
M. Fiat massa in pilulas xl dividenda.
Capiat unam bis terve in die.
In cases of obstinate chronic gastritis, or long-
continued dyspepsia, the above pills are more
efficacious than any other single remedy.
R. Extracti Lupulinæ, 5j.
Argenti Nitratis, gr. x.
Bismuthi Subnitratis, 5iss.
Quiniæ Sulph., Dij.
Fiant pilule x1; quarum sumatur una bis
terve in die.
| often obstinate form of gastric irritability de-
nominated by the French estomac glaireuse, in
which the patient occasionally ejects, by eruc-
tation, a tasteless watery fluid, and which is
accompanied often by a severe burning pain
in the epigastric region.
R. Extracti Hyoscyami, gr. xv.
Extracti Stramonii, gr. iv.
Extracti Humuli, 3j.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. iss.
M. Divide in pilulas xxx; quarum capiat unam
omni semihorâ, donec leniatur dolor.
In all forms of chronic disease attended with
acute pain, as well as in all painful nervous
affections, in the treatment of which, for any
cause, full doses of opium are contraindicated,
the above combination may be administered
with great advantage.
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, Dij.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. x.
Fiant pilulæ xx; quarum sumat unam pro
re nâta.
The above pills are particularly beneficial
in relieving pain proceeding from nervous ex-
citement.
R. Ammonia Muriatis, 3ss.
Opii pulv., gr. x.
Digitalis pulv.,
Scillæ pulv., ãā, îj.
M. Divide in pilulas xxx. Sumat unam quâque
sexta horâ.
The above pills are highly valuable in al-
laying irritation and in promoting expectora-
tion in the early stage of phthisis.
R. Asafoetidæ, ɔ̃j.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. iij.
M. Fiant pilulæ xxx; quarum exhibe unam
vel duas horâ de cubitus.
Sleeplessness, occurring in hypochondria,
hysteria, and, indeed, in all nervous affections,
may be overcome with great certainty by the
administration of the above pills; and two to
four exhibited daily are very efficacious in
arresting the dry cough which is occasionally
consequent on disordered menstruation in ner-
A splendid remedy in that troublesome and vous females.
436
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
R. Extracti Conii, 3j.
Sesquioxidi Ferri, 3ij.
Tinct. Columbæ, fзiss.
Syr. Tolutan., f3ɛs.
Ol. Gaultheriæ, gtt. x.
Aquæ Fontanæ, fžij.
TONICS AND STIMULANTS.
Fiat mistura; cujus sumat coch. parv. mane
ac nocte.
Or the following may be substituted:
B. Ferri Subcarb.,
Extracti Taraxaci, aa, зss.
Vini Sherrii, fзvj.
Tinct. Gaultheriæ, f3ss.
Aquæ Font., fзiv.
M. Capiat coch. magn. bis in die.
The above preparations have proved a most
valuable tonic, particularly when administered
during convalescence from disease, and in all
debilitated and anamic cases.
R. Ferri Citratis, 3ij.
Syr. Citri. vel Aurantii,
Aquæ Menth. Pip., aa, f3ij.
Aquæ Puræ, fŝiv.
M. Exhibe cochlearium parvum ter quaterve
in die.
The above is a very excellent tonic, and may
be exhibited whenever any of the ferruginous
preparations are indicated.
R. Ferri Phosphatis, 3j.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, gr. xij.
M. Fiant pulv. xij; quarum capiat unam bis
terve in die.
The above is a therapeutic agent of great
value for young anæmic females with indica-
tions of a chlorotic condition of the system;
and also in children of strumous habits.
R. Syrup Ferri Iodidi, fžj.
Tinct. Actææ Racemosæ, fɔ̃v.
Tinct. Rad. Aconiti, fiij.
Fiat mist. cujus cap. gtt. xx ter in die.
An alterative and tonic remedy of great
value in the treatment of certain forms of
uterine disease. Engorgement of the os tincæ,
and non-malignant induration of this organ,
disappear rapidly under the persevering inter-
nal administration of the above tonic, and, at
the same time, applying once a week, by means
of friction, with the finger, to the indurated
os, the following ointment:
R. Extracti Hyoscyami,
Extracti Conii,
Extracti Belladonnæ, aa, p. æ.
To each ounce of which mixture, add one
drachm of iodide of potassium, mix thoroughly,
and apply as above.
R. Ferri Sulphatis, 3ij.
Potassii Iodidi, 3iss.
Tinct. Columbæ,
Syrup Zingiberis, āā, fžij.
Fiat mist. capiat coch. parv. ter in die.
This mixture may be exhibited with advan-
tage whenever it is desired to promote the
absorption of glandular enlargements; and in
all cases where a tonic and alterative are in-
dicated.
R Liquor Potassæ Arsenitis, f5iss.
Tinct. Cinchonæ, f3iij.
Syr. Aurantiæ, f3j.
M. Hujus mist., sumat cochl. min. bis terve
in die.
A valuable combination in the treatment of
obstinate intermittent and uncontrollable neu-
ralgic affections, which resist, altogether, the
effects of the ordinary antispasmodics, when
singly administered.
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, 5j.
Liquor Potassæ Arsenitis, f3ij.
Acidi Sulph. Aromat., f3j.
Tinct. Cinch. Co.,
Syr. Zingib., aā, fšij.
M.
A teaspoonful, three or four times daily, in
very obstinate cases of intermittent fever, which
have not yielded to large doses of quinine, long
continued. Should it be desirable to admin-
ister this remedy in the form of a pill, the fol-
lowing formula may be employed:
R. Acidi Arseniosi, gr. ij.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, 3j.
Conserv. Rosæ, 3ss.
Misce intime, et fiat massa, in pilulas xxx
dividenda; sumat unam bis quotidie.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
437
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, 3ss.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. j.
Acidi Sulphurici Diluti, q. s.
Solve et adde:
Spts. Æth. Nit., f3j.
Syr. Simp.,
Aquæ Destil., vel
Tr. Cinch. Co., aa, fзiss.
Misce.
From a half to a tablespoonful every three
·
hours, in remittent fever. A splendid remedy.
R. Extract. Nucis Vomicæ, gr. xxxij.
Tinct. Cardamom.,
Syr. Zingíb., āā, fžj.
Aquæ Font., fžij.
thrice daily. Beginning with the smallest num-
ber of drops, and gradually increasing the dose,
the medicine may be continued until its specific
effects on the system are slightly induced, when
the remedy should at once be discontinued for
a few days, and its administration be recom-
menced, if necessary, beginning again with the
minimum dose. It is a most valuable and
efficient remedy in some obstinate forms of
neuralgia.
ย
B. Solutio. Strychniæ, f3ss.
Tinct. Cardamom. Comp., f3iiiss.
M. Cap. coch. parv. ter in die.
The above preparation may be often em-
ployed with great advantage in the treatment
Fiat mistura, cujus cap. gtt. xx vel xxx, bis of chronic gastric irritation.
terve in die.
In chronic gastric affections, with diminished
energy of the digestive powers, the adminis-
tration of the above preparation will, in many
instances, by improving the appetite, and in-
creasing the powers of assimilation, impart
tone and energy to the whole system.
R. Extract. Nucis Vomicæ, gr. iv.
Extract. Opii, gr. vj.
M. Fiat massa, et in pilulas xvj dividenda.
One pill, night and morning, in chronic gas-
tric affections, chronic diarrhea, &c.
Under similar circumstances, the following
may be substituted:
R. Nucis Vomicæ, ij.
Argent. Oxidi, gr. xvj.
Extract. Gentianæ, iss.
M. Fiat massa et in pil. lx div.
unam ter in die.
Sumat
Or the following may be substituted:
R. Bismuth. Subnit., 5j.
Rad. Columbæ pulv., 3ss.
Acacia pulv., 3ij.
M. Fiat pulv. in ch. xx div.
To be taken as above.
Solution of Strychnia.
R. Strychniæ, gr. xij.
Acidi Acetici, gtt. lx.
Alcohol, f 3j.
Aquæ Font., fзxj.
M.
The above solution may be administered in
doses of from ten to thirty drops, twice or
P. Solutio. Strychniæ, f3ij.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, 5ss.
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, f3ss.
Aquæ fontanæ, f3iss.
Fiat mistura, cujus sumatur coch. parvum
quartâ quâque horâ, intermissionis tempore.
A valuable remedy in the treatment of ob-
stinate cases of intermittent fever.
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, 3ss.
Piperin. pulv., gr. xv.
Strychniæ, gr. j.
M. Fiat massa et in pil. xij div.
unam ter in die.
A highly useful antiperiodic.
R. Solutio. Strychniæ,
Tinct. Lobeliæ, ää, fɔ̃ij.
Syr. Tolutan, fзiss.
Sumat
M. Ft. mistura, cujus date coch. parv. ter
quaterve in die.
Serviceable in the treatment of spasmodic
asthma.
R. Hydrarg. Bichloridi, gr. iv.
Tinct. Nucis Vomicæ, vel
Solutio. Strychniæ, f3ss.
Tinct. Rhei Comp., fзiss.
Syr. Aurantii, f3ij.
M.
In one very common form of dyspepsia, at-
tended with derangement of the biliary organs,
the above combination constitutes a most valu-
able remedy, administered in doses of one tea-
spoonful three times a day.
1
438
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
R. Extract. Aconiti, gr. x.
Acidi Arseniosi, gr. j.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, 5ss.
M. Fiat massa, et in pil. xx div.
One pill every four hours, in neuralgia.
The addition of morphia to the above pill is
of advantage in some cases. The following
formula is also beneficial in neuralgia :
R. Extract. Belladon., gr. x.
Ferri pulv.,
Quiniæ Sulphatis, āā, 9j.
R. Potass. Iodid., zij.
Tinct. Rhei, f 3j.
Syr. Sarsa. Co.,
Aquæ font., ãā, ƒžij.
M. Fiat mass. et in pil. xx divid. quarum
cap. iv vel v quâque die.
In neuralgia of the kidneys and stomach,
the following may be employed:
R. Bicarb. Potass., 3j.
Acidi Hydrocyanici, gtt. xxiv.
Sol. Sulph. Morph., gtt. xxiv.
Aquæ Camphori, fživ.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus capiat coch. parv. ij pro
re natâ.
EXCITANTS AND ALTERATIVES.
Administered in the early stage of tubercu-
losis, or in cases of obstinate and long-continued
follicular laryngitis, with ulcerations of the
epiglottis, or within the larynx, the above
Fiat mistura, cujus sumatur cochl. parv. mane combination has proved more efficient than any
ac nocte.
In uncomplicated folliculitis of the pharyngo-
laryngeal membrane, the administration of the
above combination, conjoined with the topical
applications of a solution of the crystals of ni-
trate of silver to the diseased membrane, will,
in most cases, effect a speedy cure.
P. Decoc. Polygalæ, f3v.
Potass. Iodid., 3iij.
Tr. Opii Camph., f3j.
Syrupi Tolutan., f3ij.
Fiat mistura. Capiat cochleare parvum bis in
die.
In chronic bronchitis.
R. Iodini puræ, gr. vj.
Potass. Iodid., 3iss.
Tinct. Cardamom., f3j.
Syr. Sarsa. Co., f 3iij.
other single agent in the Materia Medica. In
secondary or constitutional syphilis, it will
be found an invaluable remedy. Under its
administration, the syphilitic ulcerated throat
will quickly assume a more healthy appear-
ance; and ordinarily will heal rapidly when
appropriate topical measures are conjoined.
R. Extract. Conii, 3iss.
Protiodid. Hydrarg., gr. iv.
Potassæ Iodidi, šiij.
Tinct. Cardamom., f3ij.
Syr. Sarsa. Co., fзiv.
Fiat mistura. Capiat cochl. parv. bis terve in
die.
This preparation, administered as above,
may be employed in the treatment of lupus,
lepra, and other obstinate cutaneous affections,
especially those of a scaly character, with
Fiat mistura. Exhibe cochl. parv. bis terve safety and advantage.
Useful in scrofula.
in die.
B. Potass. Iodid., Jij.
Decoc. Polygalæ, fšiv.
Tinct. Lobeliæ,
Tinct. Opii Camph., ñā, f³j.
Fiat mist. Capiat cochl. parv. bis terve in die.
Valuable in the treatment of asthma, par-
ticularly when complicated with bronchial in-
flammation.
R. Protiodid. Hydrarg., gr. iij.
Potass. Iodid., Jij.
Tinct. Rhei, f³j.
Syr. Sarsa. Co., fiij.
Fiat mistura, et date cochl. parv. bis in die.
Or the following is a favorite remedy in the
treatment of lupus, venereal symptoms, im-
petigo, and other chronic cutaneous diseases.
R. Liquor Arsenici et Hydrarg. Iodid., f3ss.
Syr. Sarsa. Co., fзviij.
M. Sumat cochl. una parv. ter quotidie.
R. Potass. Iodid., Biiss.
Syr. Ipecac., f 3ij.
Aquæ font., f3ir.
M. Capiat cochl. parv. bis terve in die.
Useful in laryngeal and bronchial disease,
and also in the early stage of phthisis, when
any degree of febrile action is present.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
439
R. Iodini, gr. x.
Potass. Iodid., 5j.
Liquor Potass., f3j.
Syr. Sarsa., f 3iij.
Fiat solutio. Capiat cochl. parvum bis in die.
Few remedies will be found more efficacious
for promoting the absorption of glandular swell-
ings in the neck, or of those in other parts of
the body, than the above preparation.
B. Potass. Iodidi, 3iiss.
Tinct. Hyoscyami,
Tinct. Digitalis, āā, fзss.
Syr. Sarsa. Co., f3v.
Fiat mistura, date cochl. min. mane ac nocte.
In the treatment of hypertrophy of the heart,
and in other diseases of this organ, when it is
important to reduce vascular action, the above
preparation may be advantageously given.
R. Syr. Ferri Iodidi, fɔ̃vj.
Potass. Iodidi, gr. xij.
Glycerinæ Pur.,
Syrupi Limonis, āā, fзj.
Aquæ Font., fзiv.
Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. ampl. ter in
die, ante cibum.
The above is highly recommended in phthisis,
chronic bronchitis, &c.
R. Arsenici Iodidi, gr. iij.
Extract. Conii, 3ss.
M. Fiant pilulæ xxx; quarum sumatur una
ter in die.
The above, after many other remedies have
failed, has been employed with great success
in the treatment of some most inveterate cases
of certain chronic cutaneous diseases, particu-
larly lepra, psoriasis, and venereal eruptions.
Or the following may be used.
R. Liquor. Potassæ Arsenitis, f3ij.
Liquor. Iodidi Potassii Comp., f 3ɛs.
Fiat mist. cujus cap. gtt. v ter in die.
Both of the above preparations are employed
with great advantage in the treatment of can-
cerous affections, particularly when they are
conjoined with the use of the following oint-
ment of the iodide of lead, employed as an ex-
ternal application:
R. Plumbi Iodidi, 3ij.
Axungiæ, 3ij.
Misce intim.
A small amount of this ointment may be
rubbed in twice a day over cancerous or other
indolent tumors.
R. Hydrarg. Chlorid. Corrosiv., gr. iv.
Extract. Conii, vij.
Fiat massa in pilulas xl divide. Sumat
unam, mane et nocte.
An efficient alterative. In hepatization of
the lungs, the solid matter deposited in the air-
cells is often absorbed, and the cells rendered
permeable to air by the use of this prepara-
tion.
As the mucous membrane of the stomach
and bowels is sometimes irritated by its use,
the following may be substituted:
R.
Hydrarg. Chlorid. Corrosiv., gr. iv.
Extract. Opii, gr. x.
Extract. Gentian., Dij.
M. Fiant pilulæ xl; quarum sumatur una bis
terve in die.
In secondary venereal affections, in chronic
cutaneous diseases, rheumatism, and arthritis,
this preparation has been highly extolled, as
has also the following:
R. Hydrarg. Chlorid. Corrosiv., gr. xij.
Solve in Aq. destil., q. s.
Adde Micæ Panis Albi,
Saccharis albi, āā, q. s. ut fit pilulæ numero
ccxl.
Of these pills, each of which contains the
twentieth of a grain of mercury, two may be
given night and morning. In many of the
above chronic forms of disease, this medicine
is advantageously given, conjoined with a
vegetable bitter tonic as in the following:
R. Hydrarg. Bichlorid., gr. iv.
Tinct. Gentianæ, fživ.
Syr. Aurantii, f3ij.
Fiat mistura, cujus date cochl. parv. ter in die.
B. Podophyllin, gr. xv.
Zingiberis pulv., 5ss.
Ext. Gentianæ, 3ss.
M. Fiat mass. et in pilulas xxx div.
These pills may be administered in all cases
in which the blue mass or other mild mercuri-
als are given.
B. Podophyllin, 3j.
Sacchari Albi, 3xix.
Mix and triturate until the two be finely sub-
440
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
As a mild R. Sanguinariæ pulveris,
Rhei pulveris, āā, ɔ̃j.
divided and thoroughly blended.
laxative and alterative, this powder may be ex-
hibited in doses of from five to ten grains.
R. Tinct. Sanguinariæ Sat.,
Tinct. Aloes Comp., p. æ.
Fiat mistura.
From thirty to sixty drops of this prepara-
tion may be administered twice daily, in the
treatment of torpidity of the bowels, arising
from a derangement of the hepatic organs.
R. Tinct. Sanguinariæ, f3j.
Tinet. Opii, f3ij.
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, fɔ̃vj.
Syr. Tolutan., f3ij.
Saponis, Dij.
Misce et cum aquæ fiat massa, in pilulas xxxij
dividenda, quarum capiat una mane ac nocte.
A remedy for habitual constipation.
. Tinct. Actææ Racemosæ, fзj.
Potassæ Iodid., 5ij.
Syr. Ipecacuanhæ, f3j.
Aqua Font., f 3ij.
M. d. coch. parv. bis terve in die.
A combination peculiarly adapted to the
treatment of rheumatic affections and anu-
sarca.
Fiat mistura, quarum capiat m. xxx, usque ad . Tinct. Cimicifugæ Racemosæ,
1x quater in die.
In the treatment of some forms of cough,
dependent upon bronchial or pulmonary irrita-
tion, catarrhal affections, &c., the above prep-
aration may be given with much advantage.
The following is the original formula for the
preparation of “Ayer's Cherry Pectoral:
R. Morph. Acetat, gr. iij.
Tinct. Sanguin. Canaden., fɔ̃ij.
Vini Antim. et Potas. Tart.,
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, ãã, fɔ̃iij.
Syrupi Pruni Virgin., fšiij.
M.
>>
Tinct. Sanguinariæ, āā, fзj.
Morph. Sulph., gr. ij.
Syr. Acaciæ, fšij.
Fiat mistura exhibe coch. parv. tusse urgenti.
Useful in chronic bronchial disease, and in
the early stage of phthisis.
R. Tinct. Cimicifugæ Racemosæ, f3j.
Tinct. Myrrhæ, fɔ̃vj.
Tinct. Opii,
Tinct. Capsici, āā, fзj.
Fiat mist. capiat mxxx vel xl quater in die.
Highly recommended in the treatment of
dropsy.
CATHARTICS AND LAXATIVES.
Most physicians of experience have a favor- | Fiat massa in pil. lx æquales div.; quarum
ite pill, which they are accustomed to employ
as their ordinary everyday cathartic.
capiat ij vel iij pro dosi.
The following constitutes a most excellent B. Ext. Aloes pulv.,
ordinary purgative :
R. Extract. Aloes pulveris, 3ij.
Guaiaci pulveris, 5j.
Gambogia pulveris, 3iss.
Saponis, 3j.
Fiat massa et in pil. lxxxij æquales div.
Sumant ij vel iij pro dosi.
Or the following:
R. Ext. Aloes pulv.,
Gambogia pulv., āā, ɔ̃j.
Hydrarg. Chlo. Mitis,
Jalapa pulv.,
Saponis Dur., āā, 3ss.
Ol. Ricini Syrupi, q. s.
Gambogiæ, 3j.
Rhei pulv., 3ss.
3ss.
Olei Cinnamomi, mxx.
Syrupi Rhamni, q. s.
Fiat massa in pilulas 120 dividenda.
A favorite laxative pill in Massachusetts.
R. Aloes Socot.,
Rhei pulveris, āā, bij.
Pulv. Aromat., Dij.
Saponis, 3j.
Syrup. Rhamni, q. s.
Fiat massa in pil. lx div.; quarum sumat ij
pro dosi.
For overcoming habitual constipation in
dyspeptic patients, the above are useful pills.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
441
R. Extract. Aloes pulv.,
Rhei pulv., aa, ɔ̃j.
Ipecac pulv.,
Sapon. Dur., āā. 3ss.
Fiat mistura, cujus capiat coch. parv. una
meridie nocteque.
In cases of constipation, attended with flatu-
lence or acidity, an experienced practitioner of
Fiat massa et in pil. xxx div. Sumat j vel ij Virginia highly recommends the above.
pro dosi.
Also useful in the constipation of dyspeptics. R. Rad. Columbæ Contus., 3ss.
R. Extract. Aloes, 3j.
Ipecac pulv., 9j.
Mastich, 3j.
Olei Fœniculi, gtt. xx.
Fiat massa in pil. xl div. Sumat una mane
nocteque.
A valuable antidyspeptic pill.
R. Extract. Aloes, 3ss.
Rhei pulv., 3j.
Hydr. Chlorid. Mitis, gr. iv.
Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. ij.
M. Intim., ft. massa et in pil. xxx divid.
Sumat ij pro dosi.
The above are the favorite cathartic pills of
many Southern practitioners.
R. Hydrarg. Chlorid. Mitis,
Extract. Colocynth. Co., aā, Dij.
Ol. Tiglii Croton., gtt. ij.
M. Fiat massa et in pil. xij divid. Capiat
ij vel iij pro dosi.
A valuable cathartic pill.
R. Masse Hydrarg.,
Rhei pulv.,
Extract. Aloes, aa, 3ss.
Ol. Tiglii Croton., gtt. iv.
Soda Bicarb.,
Capsici pulv., āā, gr. xij.
M. Fiat mass. et in pil. xxx div. Sumat j
vel ij, horâ decubitus.
An excellent aperient.
B. Aloes Socot. pulv., 3v.
Soda Bicarb., 3iss.
Tr. Lavendul. Comp., fзss.
Aquæ Puræ, f Oj.
Fiat mistura, cujus capiat coch. j mag. quo-
tidie.
A mild laxative mixture.
R. Extract. Aloes pulv., šiij.
Potassæ Bicarb., 5vj.
Syrupi Rhei Aromat., f3ij.
Sp. Lavendul. Comp., f5ij.
Aquæ Puræ, fžvj.
Fol. Sennæ, 3j.
Extract. Taraxaci,
Mannæ, àã, 3ss.
Aquæ Fervent., fзxij.
Macera per horam, cola et adde
Holland Gin, fživ.
M. Sumat cochleare mag. j vel ij pro dosi.
A splendid tonic and laxative; adapted also
for the administration of iron and other tonics,
in cases of anæmia and dyspepsia, accompanied
by constipation.
R. Extract. Aloes, 3ij.
Extract. Taraxaci, 3ss.
Sennæ Fol., 3j.
Rhei contus., 3iij.
Nucis Vomicæ pulv,, 3iss.
Aquæ Fervent., f3xij.
Macera per horam, cola et adde
Magnesia Sulph, 3iss.
Holland Gin, fзiv.
M. Cujus sumat cochl. mag. pro dosi, secundâ
quâque horâ, donec alvus soluta sit.
When it is desirable to employ a very certain
cathartic in cases of obstinate constipation,
arising from inaction of the liver, or from other
causes, the above prescription can be relied on.
R. Magnesiæ Carb., 3ij.
Rhei pulveris, 3iss.
Tinct. Rhei,
Syrupi Simp., āā, fзj.
Aquæ Mentha Piper., fзiv.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. mag. j
pro re natâ.
The above is a very gentle and excellent
aperient in some forms of dyspepsia, attended
with flatulence or acidity of the stomach.
Or the following may be substituted:
R. Rhei pulv., ɔ̃j.
Magnes. Sulph., 3j.
Ol. Anisi vel Menth. vel Sassif., gtt ij.
Aquæ puræ, fɔ̃vj.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. mag. j vel ij pro
dosi.
442
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
R. Soda Sulph.,
Potassæ Bitart., āā, 3j.
Sp. Æther. Nitrici, f3iij.
Aquæ Puræ, fзviij.
M. Sumat cochl. mag. ij pro re natâ.
An excellent active cathartic in dropsical
affections accompanied by high arterial action.
R. Infusi Sennæ Comp., f3iij.
Rhei pulveris, 3j.
Tinct. Sennæ,
Tinct. Cardam. Co., āā, ƒ³iij.
Syrup. Zingib., f3ij.
M. Fiat mass. in pil. xxxij divid.
One pill morning and evening.
R. Ext. Aloes pulv., 3j.
Ferri Sulphatis, 5j.
Ext. Hyoscyami, 3j.
Ext. Nucis Vomicæ, gr. x.
M. Fiat massa et in pilulas 1x dividenda,
quarum sumatj mane ac nocte.
The above pills have been used with success
in cases of imperfect digestion complicated with
habitual constipation.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus sumat cochl. ij ampl. R. Ext. Aloes pulv., Øj.
pro re natâ.
A mild and refrigerant aperient in febrile
complaints.
R. Extract. Hyoscyami, 5j.
Massæ ex Hydrarg., 9j.
Ipecacuanha pulv., 9j.
Fiat massa in pil. xl div.; sumat unam mane
nocteque.
An aperient alterative pill; after which,
tonics may generally be advantageously ad-
ministered.
Or the following may be substituted:
R. Hydrarg. Chlorid. Mitis, gr. iv.
Capsici pulveris,
Extracti Conii, āā, зj.
Rhei pulv.,
Jalapæ pulv.,
Scammon, aa, gr. xvj.
Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. j vel ij.
Olei Croton, gtt. j vel ij.
Gambogiæ, gr. vj.
Fiat massa et in pil. lxiv divid, quarum ca-
piat unam vel duos in die, post prandium.
The above pill is well adapted to cases of
habitual costiveness, or the following may be
used:
R. Extract. Belladon., gr. v.
Rhei pulv.,
Extract. Aloes, āā, gr. xvj.
M. Fiat massa in pil. xij div.
EMETICS AND EXPECTORANTS.
B. Ant. et Potassa Tartrat., gr. ij.
Ipecacuanha pulv., Dj.
Aquæ Puræ, fзiv.
In the commencement of croup, the above
may be administered in teaspoonful doses, once
in five, ten, or fifteen minutes, according to the
urgency of the symptoms, until vomiting is ef
fected. Should the continuance and severity
of the disease require the emetic operation to
be several times repeated, the following com-
bination may be substituted, using the same
doses:
Fiat mistura, sumat cochleare j amplum omni
horæ quadrante donec super venerit vomitas.
Where there occurs a morbid state of the di-
gestive organs, manifested by a sense of ful-
ness in the epigastrium, a loss of appetite, a
bitter taste in the mouth, a moist state of the
tongue, covered with a whitish coat; symp-R. Zinci Sulphatis, gr. x.
toms which indicate turgescence of the liver,
and a congested condition of the gastro-duodenal
mucous membrane, the above emetic is indi-
cated.
B. Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. j.
Ipecacuanhæ pulv., 9ss.
Aquæ Tepidæ, f 3iv.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochleare parv. omni horæ
quadrante ad emesim.
Ipecacuanha pulv., ǝj.
Aquæ Tepidæ, f3iv.
Fiat mistura.
R. Hydrarg. Sulph. Flav., gr. x.
Syrupi Simplicis, f3ss.
M. Cap. cochl. parv. j omni horæ quadrante,
ad effectum.
In membranous croup.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
443
P. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. x.
Aquæ Tepidæ, fзij.
M. Fiat haustus emeticus.
Vel:
R. Zinci Sulphatis, gr. xv.
Aquæ Tepidæ, f3ij.
M. Fiat haustus emeticus.
In cases of poisoning, where it becomes im-
portant to evacuate the stomach as quickly as
possible, and to prevent absorption, the above
emetics, which occasion but little nausea, and
operate promptly, are indicated.
R. Ipecacuanhæ pulv., ɔj.
Aquæ Menth. Pulegii, fзiv.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochleare mag. j, omni
horæ quadrante ad emesim.
The above is sometimes serviceable in the
treatment of hemorrhage from the lungs, be-
cause the force of the circulation is greatly
diminished during the period of nausea.
R. Sanguinaria Canadensis, 3j.
Aquæ ferventis, Oss.
Macera. Sumat cochl. ampl. omni horæ quad-
rante ad emesim.
The above has been highly extolled in croup,
asthma, and pertussis.
R. Tinct. Lobelia Inflatæ,
Syrupi Scillæ, ãã, fзj.
M. Sumat m xx, vel xxv, bis terve in die.
Highly recommended in the treatment of
hooping-cough.
R. Decoct. Polygalæ Senegæ, fзiv.
Potass. Iodid., 5ij.
Vini Antimonii, f3ss.
Syr. Tolutan., f3iss.
R. Mistura Ammoniaci, f3vj.
Syr. Scillæ, f3j.
Tr. Opii Camph., f3ss.
Tinct. Hyoscyami, f3j.
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, f3iij.
Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. mag. pro dosi.
The above stimulant expectorant is indicated
in those cases of chronic bronchial disease, at-
tended with profuse expectoration.
R. Syrupi Scillæ Comp.,
Syrupi Tolutan., āā, fšij.
Tinct. Sanguinariæ, f³j.
Tinct. Lobeliæ, f3vj.
Tinct. Camphoræ, f3ij.
Acidi Hydrocyanici, m xl.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. pro re natâ.
When
Highly recommended in the treatment of
both bronchial and pulmonary disease.
the cough is severe, from two to four grains of
sulphate of morphia may be added to the above
mixture.
R. Potass. Iodid., iss.
Aquæ Amygd. Amar., fɔ̃iij:
Tinct. Mosch. Fact., f5ij.
Tinct. Opii Camph., fɔ̃ij.
Aquæ puræ, fзiv.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. pro re natâ.
The above antispasmodic cough mixture is
highly recommended as a remedy well adapted
to pertussis, and all nervous and habitual
coughs.
R. Decoct. Polygalæ Senegæ, fзiv.
Syrupi Tolutan., f3ss.
Morph. Sulph., gr. j.
Ext. Pruni Virgin., f 3ss.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. ampl. pro re natâ.
In troublesome and chronic cough the above
Fiat mistura, capiat cochl. parvum bis terve has proven successful.
in die.
In chronic bronchitis, and in catarrhal affec-
tions, after the inflammatory symptoms are
somewhat subdued, the above constitutes a
valuable expectorant.
R. Polygalæ Senegæ pulv., 5ij.
Ipecacuanha pulv., fɔ̃j.
Mel. Opt., fзij.
Aquæ Fervent., f3vj.
The following may be substituted, which by Fiat mistura, cujus sumat cochl. parv. pro re
many is preferred:
R. Decoct. Polygalæ Senegæ, f3v.
Syr. Tolutan.,
Tr. Opii Camph.,
Tinct. Scillæ, aa, fзij.
Ammoniæ Carb., gr. xv vel xx.
Fiat mistura.
natâ.
The above is the ordinary expectorant used
in the treatment of catarrhal affections.
R. Decoct. Polyg. Senegæ, f3iij.
Oxymel. Scillæ,
Vini Ipecac, aā, fɔ̃ij.
Vini Antimonii, f3se.
444
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
M. et exhibe ml xv-xxv omni horæ quadrante Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. parv. ter
ad emesim.
In catarrhol and bronchial inflammation of
children, when it becomes important to pro-
mote promptly the expulsion of phlegm from
the bronchi, the above combination will be
found beneficial.
R. Balsam. Canadensis,
Liquor Potass., āā, fзj.
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, fзss.
Syrupi Tolutanis, f3iss.
Aquæ Font., f3ij.
quaterve in die.
In the treatment of chronic diseases of the air-
passages, the above mixture is highly beneficial
in allaying the cough and diminishing the
expectoration.
R. Vini Ipecacuanhæ, f3iij.
Syrupi Tolutani, fɔ̃v.
Mucilaginis Acaciæ, fɔ̃j.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. omni horâ
vel quâque secundâ horâ.
As a mild expectorant for young children
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. bis terve when threatened with an attack of croup, or in
the commencement of bronchitis or catarrhal
in die.
A useful remedy in chronic catarrhal and fever, the above mixture will prove highly
bronchial affections.
R. Balsam. Canadensis, f3vj.
Potass. Cyanidi, gr. iss.
Tinct. Aconiti, föj.
Liquor Potass., f3j.
Syrupi Tolutan., f3ss.
Aqua Font., fiiiss.
Fiat mistura cujus sumat cochl. parv. pro re
natâ.
A valuable expectorant and cough mixture.
R. Copaiferæ Officinalis, f3ss.
Tinet. Opii Camph., f3j.
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, f3ss.
Syrupi Acaciæ, f3ij.
Ol. Gaultheriæ, glt. xx.
Fiat mistura, capiat cochl. parv. bis in die.
A valuable stimulant expectorant in chronic
bronchial disease, and in long-continued ca-
tarrhal affections which are attended with a
copious muco-purulent expectoration.
B. Morphiæ Acetat., gr. iv.
Potass. Cyanidi, gr. iij.
Vini Antimonii,
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, ãã, fзij.
Tinct. Sanguinariæ, f3ss.
Syrupi Tolutanis, f3iij.
useful.
R. Glycerin., fžiij.
Syr. Ferri Iodid., f3ss.
Morphiæ Sulph., gr. ij.
Fiat mistura, capiat cochl. parv. ter quaterve
in die.
R. Glycerin., fžiij.
Soda Hypophos., 3j.
Morphiæ Sulph., gr. iij.
Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. parv. ter
quaterve in die.
To allay cough, retard emaciation, and pal-
liate the symptoms of phthisis pulmonalis, the
above combinations have no superior.
R. Magnesiæ Sulph., 3ij.
Acidi Sulph. Aromat.,
Tinct. Opii, aa, fɔ̃ij.
Aqua Font., f3ij.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. pro re natâ.
Whenever the anodyne effect of opium is
needed, and the ordinary preparations of that
article always produce secondary vomiting
and exhaustion, the above combination is
recommended.
R. Opii pulveris, 3ss.
Camphoræ pulv., 3j.
Saponis Alb., 3vij.
ASTRINGENTS.
Subige in massam; divid. equal. in pil. ccxl.
mass of Dr. Tully-will remain of the same
consistence for a great length of time, and
may be readily formed into pills of any desired
size; or other medicinal substances, or as-
tringents, can be most conveniently combined
Each of the above pills will contain one
grain of opium. This mass the officinal with it.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
445
R. Pil. Opii Officinalis, 5ss.
Plumbi Acetatis, 3j.
tracted diarrhoea, attended with profuse evac-
uations, the above mixture may be given after
each liquid evacuation, often with great benefit.
Ipecac pulv., gr. xv.
Fiat massa in pil. xxx divid., cap. unam pro
re natâ.
These pills, administered once in two or four
hours, according to circumstances, are useful
in hæmoptysis and other internal hemorrhages.
R. Pil. Opii Officinalis, 3ss.
Argent. Nitratis, gr. viij.
Fiat mass. in pil. xxx divid., quarum sumat
unam terve in die.
In chronic diarrhea, and in the latter stage
of dysentery, the above pills have been success-
ful in allaying the irritation of the intestinal
membrane.
R. Plumbi Acetatis, 5ss.
Digitalis, j.
Opii pulv., gr. v.
Conservæ Rosæ, 5ss.
Fiat massa divide in pil. xx, et exhibe unam
ter quaterve in die.
In active hemorrhages the above pills have
been much extolled.
R. Plumbi Acetatis, 3j.
Tinct. Opii, f3ij.
Aceti, föv.
Aqua Font., f3iij.
R. Olei Terebinth.,
Tinct. Opii, aa, f5ij.
Acaciæ pulv.,
Sacch. Alb. pulv., āā, šiij.
Aquæ Menth. Pip., f 3ij.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. tertiâ vel
quartâ quâque horâ.
In cases of incipient ulceration of the mucous
membrane of the ileum and colon, which so
often occurs in the latter stage of typhoid fever
and dysentery, the above is recommended as
a remedy of great value.
Or the following pill:
B. Argenti Nitratis, gr. viij.
Opii pulv., 9j.
M. et in pil. xx divid.
B.
Cascarillæ, 3j.
Cinnamomi, 3ss.
Gentianæ,
Nucis Vomicæ, ãã. 3ij.
Aquæ Puræ, Oss.
Fiat infusio, et adde Sach. Alb. 3iv capiat 3ss.
vel 3j pro dosi.
Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. unam parv. R. Zinci Sulphat., Dij.
pro re natâ.
The above astringent mixture has proven
Opii Extracti, gr. x.
Confectionis Aromat., 3ss.
beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary hem- Syrupi q. s. ut fiant pil. xl; sumat unam ter
orrhage. A teaspoonful for a dose once in two
hours, or oftener.
B. Plumbi Acetatis, 3j.
Tinct. Opii, f3iss.
Aquæ Cinnamom.,
Aqua Fontanæ, ãã, f 3ij.
in die.
The above pills are beneficial in some forms
of chronic bronchitis, when the expectoration
is profuse.
R. Acidi Tannici, 3j.
Extract. Gentian., Dij.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. ter quaterve Misce in pil. xx divide; cap. unam tertiis vel
in die.
In both uterine and pulmonary hemorrhage
the above is a most excellent remedy.
R. Tinct. Catechu, f3iss.
Aquæ Cinnam., f3vss.
Tinct. Opii, f3ij.
Syr. Simp., f3j.
Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. mag. pro
dosi.
quartis horis.
Useful in hemorrhage from the kidneys or
bladder.
R. Acidi Tannici, 5j.
Extracti Opii, gr. x.
Conservæ Rosæ, 5ss.
Fiat massa in pil. xxx divid., sumat unam ter
quaterve in die.
In uterine hemorrhage, one of the above pills
In the last stage of dysentery, or in pro- may be administered every hour.
446
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
R. Decoc. Uvæ Ursi, f3iv.
Acidi Tannici, 3j.
Tinct. Opii, fɔ̃ij.
Syr. Acaciæ, fžij.
of the most useful, and, in one class of mala-
dies, the most certainly remedial, of any of our
therapeutical agents. Not only in the milder
forms of diarrhoea has it been found an excellent
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. ter in die, vel remedy, but it has proved most valuable and
sæpius.
In albuminuria, and in chronic catarrh of
the bladder, the above astringent mixture is a
most valuable remedy.
R. Acidi Gallici, 5j.
Mucil. Acacia,
Syrupi Aurantii, āā, f 3ij.
Aquæ Fontanæ, fiv.
efficient when promptly administered on the
occurrence of the "premonitory diarrhoea,'
in the early stage of epidemic cholera. During
the prevalence of the cholera in New York
city, in 1849, and again in 1850, the above
mixture was administered in a large number
of cases of cholera, in the access of the disease,
with entire success. On the occurrence of the
earliest symptoms of the choleraic diarrhoea, it
Fiat mistura, cujus sumat cochl. j mag. ter should be given in doses of from thirty to sixty
quaterve in die.
In menorrhagia, hæmaturia, and other in-
ternal hemorrhages, the above mixture may be
given with great advantage.
R. Tinct. Opii,
Spiriti Lavendul. Co., ãã, f3j.
Tinct. Capsici, f3ss.
Tinct. Camphoræ, fiss.
Fiat mistura, capiat m. xx vel xl pro re natâ.
The above is confidently recommended as one
R. Liquor. Ammoniæ Acetatis, fžij.
Vini Antimonii,
Tinct. Opii Camph., aã, fзss.
Syrupi Tolutan., f3j.
drops every hour (or oftener if required), con-
fining the patient strictly to a horizontal posi-
tion, until all tendency to the diarrhoea is en-
tirely overcome. A bottle of the above mix-
ture should be kept constantly on hand in every
family, as it is quite sure to arrest, in children
or adults, the intestinal irritation which, in the
warm season, is so liable to follow a change of
diet and the drinking of different kinds of
water.
DIAPHORETICS.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. bis terve in
die.
In common colds, and in pulmonary catarrhs,
the above preparation will be found useful.
After the exhibition of a cathartic in a severe
cold, or in influenza, the above diaphoretic
mixture, administered in drachm doses, every
four or six hours, is a most valuable remedy.
R. Liquor. Ammon. Acetatis, f3ij.
Misturæ Camphoræ, f 3iiiss.
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, f3ss.
Syrupi Tolutan., fžij.
Syrupi Tolutan., fžj.
Aquæ Puræ, fзiv.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. mod. tertiâ vel
quartâ quâque horâ.
As a refrigerant and excellent diaphoretic in
pneumonia, and in the commencement of feb-
rile diseases, the above will be found useful.
R. Magnes. Sulph., ³j.
Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. ss.
Syrupi Simp., f³j.
Aquæ Cinnam., f 3ij.
Aquæ Puræ, f3v.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochleare unum ampl.
omni horâ.
In the commencement of fevers, or other in-
flammatory diseases, when it is desirable to ob-
Fiat mistura, cujus exhibe cochl. mag. sextis tain a purgative and diaphoretic effect, the above
horis vel sæpius.
mixture may be given.
In the commencement of fevers, and other in-
flammatory affections, the above mixture is a
cooling and highly useful diaphoretic.
B.
Pulvis Antimonialis, 3ss.
Hydrarg. Chlo. Mitis, 9j.
R. Vini Antimonii, făss.
Potass. Nitratis, 3ij.
Liquor. Ammon. Acetatis, fiiss.
Opii pulv., gr. x.
Conserv. Rosæ, q. s.
Divide in pilulas xx.
horis.
Sumat unam quartis
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
447
As a diaphoretic and alterative, in rheumatic |
and other inflammatory affections, the above
pills are useful.
P. Potassæ Nitratis, 3ij.
Opii pulv., gr. xij.
Ipecac. pulv., gr. xviij.
•
Fiant pulv. xij cujus sumat unam horâ somni.
In acute rheumatism, when an anodyne dia-
phoretic is indicated, the above may be em-
ployed with advantage. When a still more
powerful diaphoretic is required, as in the
treatment of dropsical affections, and in the
early stage of acute bronchitis, recourse to the
following pill may be had:
R. Pulvis Ipecac. Comp., 3j.
Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. iij.
Hydrarg. Chlorid. Mitis, gr. xij.
Mucil. Acaciæ, q. s.
M. Fiant pil. xij, cujus sumantur ij mane
nocteque.
If, after taking the above pills, the patient
drink plentifully of warm fluids, a free per-
spiration will be likely to ensue.
R. Liquor Ammon. Acetatis, f3ij.
Spirit. Ether. Nitrici,
Vini Antimonii, aa, f3ss.
Syrupi Acaciæ, f³j.
Fiat mistura, cap. cochl. parv. quâque horâ.
Vel:
B. Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. iiss.
Aquæ Cinnam., f3ij.
Syrupi Simp., f3ss.
Aquæ Puræ, fiiiss.
Fiat mist., cujus sumat cochl. parv. secundâ
vel tertiâ horâ.
In the commencement of fevers, and in ca-
tarrhal affections, attended with increased vas-
cular action, the above are useful diaphoretics.
R. Ipecacuan. pulv., 5j.
Infus. Rad. Serpentaria, 3vj.
Tinct. Opii Camph., f5ij.
} In inflammatory affections of the respiratory
organs, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, croup,
&c., the above, as a diaphoretic and expec-
torant, will be found useful. The dose may
be varied, according to the age of the patient
and emergency of circumstances, from one
drachm to half an ounce, at intervals varying
from half an hour to two hours.
R. Potassæ Bicarb., 9j.
Tinct Opii Camph., fɔ̃ij.
Aquæ Puræ, f3viij.
Fiat mistura, cap. coch. ampl. omni bi horâ.
The above is useful in cases of fever, with or
without gastric irritability.
R. Sod. Carb., Dij.
Spts. Æther. Nitrici,
Syr. Zingiberis,
Aquæ Puræ, āā, f³j.
M.
Vel:
R. Potass. Nitrat., 3iij.
Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. j.
Aquæ Puræ, 3iv.
M. Fiat solutio, cujus sumat cochl. parv. ij
secundâ vel tertiâ horâ.
Either of the above preparations may be
administered in fevers, and will prove efficient
and valuable remedies.
R. Ammon. Carb., Diiss.
Tinct. Opii Camph., f5ij.
Vini Ipecacuanhæ, f3ss.
Aquæ Puræ, f3vj.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. mag. quartâ vel
sextâ quâque horâ.
The above has been often used with very
happy effect in scarlet fever. To one spoonful
of the mixture, add two ounces of water,
sweeten, and mix with it one drachm of lemon-
juice, and let the patient take while efferves-
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. parv. pro re natâ.cing.
R. Infus. Juniperi, f3vss.
Spirit. Æther. Nitrici,
Tinct. Cinch. Co., āā, fзj.
DIURETICS.
R. Infusi Digitalis, f3vj.
Hydrarg. Chlo. Corrosiv., gr. ij.
Tinct. Cantharid., f5ij.
Aquæ Menth. Pip., fžij.
Tinct. Cardamom., f3ss.
Fiat mistura, capiat cochl. mag. ter quaterve M. Fiat mistura, sumat. cochl. mag. bis terve
horis.
The above diuretic mixture has been found
very beneficial in anasarca, attended with
much debility.
in die.
When it is desired to promote free diuresis,
in cases of general effusion into the whole cel-
448
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
lular tissue, the above mixture can be relied B. Elaterii, gr. v.
upon as a most useful diuretic.
R. Misturæ Camphoræ, f3viiss.
Spir. Æther. Nitric., f3j.
Tinct. Digitalis, f 3ss.
Tinct. Opii, föij.
Tinct. Columb.. f3j.
M. Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. mag. bis quo-
tidie.
In hydrothorax and other forms of dropsical
effusions where a tonic is indicated, the above
combination has been much recommended.
Should a still more powerful diuretic be re-
quired, the following may be substituted:
R. Tinct. Colchici, f3ss.
Infus. Juniperi, f3vj.
Tinct. Aurant. Comp., f3j.
Potassæ Carb., 3ij.
Potassæ Nitrat., 5j.
M. Fiat mist., capiat cochl. largum j vel ij ter
quaterve in die.
R. Vini Colchici, f3ij.
Tinct. Digitalis, f5vj.
Potass. Iodid., 5iiss.
Syr. Sarsa. Comp., f3ij.
Aquæ Puræ, fžiij.
Digitalis pulv., gr. xv.
Extracti Gentianæ, 9j.
M. Fiat massa et div. in pilulas xx, quarum
capiat unam mane nocteque.
The above is esteemed a most valuable diu-
retic, especially in anasarca, consequent on
cardiac disease.
B. Aquæ Foeniculi, f3vj.
Tinct Cantharid., fɔ̃ij.
Spirit. Æther. Nitrici,
Syrupi Cort. Aurant., aāļ f3j.
M. Fiat mistura, sumat coch. j amp. pro re
natâ.
The above mixture is a very pleasant, and
quite an active diuretic.
R. Tinct. Cinch. Comp., f3iij.
Tinct. Cardamom. Comp., fžij.
Tinct. Cantharid., f3iij.
Syr. Acaciæ, fзj.
M. Fiat mistura, sumant cochlearia duo parv.
ter in die.
In some cases of anasarca, where the disease
is attended with, or proceeds from, debility, the
above tonic and diuretic may be given, fre-
quently with great advantage; or the follow-
M. Fiat mistura, cujus sumat cochleare parv. ing may be substituted:
ter quaterve in die.
In the treatment of the different forms of
anasarca, particularly in that which arises
from diseased heart, the above diuretic com-
bination will be found useful.
R.
Juniperi Fructûs, 3ij.
Potass. Nitrat., 3ss.
Vini Albi, Oij.
Macera per horas duodecim; sumant cochl.
duo ampl. bis terve in die.
R. Asafoetidæ, iss.
Morph. Sulph., gr. v.
Saponis Dur., Dij.
ANTISPASMODICS.
M. Fiat massa in pil. xl divide, quarum
capiat unam pro re natâ, vel binas, horâ
somni.
An efficacious remedy in the treatment of
hysterical affections, and in subduing great
nervous irritation.
Should a more stimulant antispasmodic be
required, the following may be employed:
B. Asafoetidæ, 3j.
Morph. Sulph., gr. iij.
Camphoræ pulv., Dij.
M. Fiat massa et in pil. xxx divide. Sumat
unam ter quaterve in die.
R. Moschi, 3j.
Asafoetidæ, 3iss.
Camphoræ pulv., 3ss.
Extract. Gentianæ, q. s.
Ut fiat pil. xxx, quarum capiat unam ter in die.
A splendid combination in nervous and hys-
terical affections.
B. Moschi, 3j.
Ether. Sulph.,
Tinct. Opii, āā, fɔ̃iss.
Aquæ Cinnam., f3iiss.
Syrupi Simp., f3iss.
M. Fiat mistura, de quâ capiat cochl. j mag.
ter in die.
The above is a preparation much commended
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
449
in hiccough, and in the subsultus of typhus,
and other low and malignant fevers.
R. Tinct. Castorei,
Tinct. Asafoetidæ, aa, f3iss.
Aquæ Camphoræ, f3j.
Spirit. Ammon. Aromat., f3ss.
Syrupi Acaciæ, f3iss.
Æther. Sulph., f3ss.
Aquæ Font., fзiv.
M. Fiat mistura, capiat cochl. j mag. pro re
natâ.
The above preparations will be found useful
in spasm of the stomach arising from flatulence,
and for relieving cardialgia.
M. Fiat mistura, quarum capiat cochl. j mag. . Zinci Valerianatis, gr. xij.
pro re natâ.
A powerful antispasmodic in the treatment
of hysterical and other nervous affections. The
following is also recommended:
R. Tinct. Castorei, f3iss.
Morph. Sulph., gr. iv.
Tinct. Valerianæ, f3iss.
Syrupi Acaciæ, f3j.
Fiat mistura, sumat cochl. j mod. secundâ
quâque horâ.
R. Tinct. Valerianæ, f³j.
Magnesiæ Carb., 3ij.
Tinct. Opii, fɔ̃j.
Aquæ Menth. Pip., f3iij.
Olei Anisi, m xl.
Tinct. Valerianæ, f³ss.
Aquæ Cinnam., f3ij.
Syrupi Simp., f3ss.
Aquæ Font., fžiij.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus capiat semiunciam
sextis horis.
The above is a valuable tonic and antispas-
modic in the treatment of hysteria and other
nervous affections.
R. Extract. Hyoscyami, ij.
Zinci Valerianatis, Dij.
Bismuth Subnit., 3j.
M. Fiat massa, et in pil. xl div., quarum ca-
piat unam, ter quaterve in die.
The above is a most useful remedy in chorea,
neuralgia, and other nervous affections.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. parv. R. Ammon. Valerianatis, 3j.
omni horâ, vel sæpius.
Vel:
R. Tinct. Lavendul. Comp., f 3iss.
Spirit Carui, f 3ij.
Tinct. Opii, f5j.
Syrupi Tolutan., f3j.
M. Sumat cochl. parv. quartis horis.
In severe facial neuralgia the above may be
employed with benefit.
B. Spigelia Mariland., 3ss.
Aquæ Ferventis, Oj.
ANTHELMINTICS.
R. Filicis Maris pulv., 3j.
Syrupi Simp., q. s.
Macera per horam, quarum sumat cochl. mag. M. Fiat electuarium, cujus sumat f5j vel f3ij
tertiis vel quartis horis.
R. Spigelia Mariland., 3ss.
Sennæ, 3iij.
Anisi, 3j.
Aquæ ferventis, Oj.
Vel:
Macera per horam, sumant cochl. ij ampla
tertiis horis. Vel:
B. Spigelia Mariland.,
Sennæ, àã, 3ss.
Potassæ Bitart., 3j.
Jalapa pulv., 3ss.
Sem. Cardamom., 3ss.
Ext. Glycyrrh., 3ij.
Aquæ Ferventis, Oss.
Macera per horam, sumat cochl. j vel ij ampla,
pro re natâ.
The above are useful anthelmintics.
tonine is now most generally used.
omni mane nocteque.
Used particularly for the expulsion of the
tapeworm.
B. Filicis Maris, 3j.
Aqua Ferventis, Oj.
Macera per horam, sumant cochl. ij ampla,
mane ac nocte.
To an adult, a wineglassful of the above
decoction may be given, fasting, twice or thrice
daily; and followed by a cathartic.
B. Flo. Brayeræ Anthelmint., 3ss.
Aquæ Tepidæ, Oss.
M. Sumant 3ij omni hora quadrante.
This infusion should be taken in divided
doses as above, on an empty stomach. After
San- a few hours, a full dose of castor oil should be
administered.
29
450
R. Olei Terebinth., faj.
Decoc. Hordei, 3ij.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
M. Fiat haustus.
The above is considered the best anthel-
mintic in tænia.
B. Ferri Sulphatis, 3iss.
Potass. Iodid., sij.
Tinct. Cardamom.,
Syr. Simp., āā, fžj.
Aqua Font., f3ij.
B. O1. Chenopodii, gtt. x.
Syr. Simp., f3j.
M. Cochl. parv. ter in die.
The above is reputed for its expulsive pow-
ers over the round worm. The dose should be
continued for two or three days, and then fol-
lowed up by a brisk cathartic.
EMMENAGOGUES.
M. Fiat mist., cujus capiat cochl. parv. ter in
die.
In cases of suspended menstruation, attended
with headache, and with pains in the pelvic
regions, the above preparation may be useful.
R. Ferri Carb., 3iij.
Tinct. Columbæ,
Syr. Zingiberi, āā, fšij.
M. Fiat mistura, capiat cochleare parv. mane
ac nocte.
R. Ferri Citrat., šij.
Syrupi Aurantii,
Vel:
Aquæ Menth. Pip., āā, f 3ij.
Aquæ Puræ, fзiv.
Fiat mistura, de qua sumatur cochl. parv. bis
terve in die.
R. Aloes pulv.,
Ferri Sulphatis,
Myrrhæ pulv.,
Ol. Sabinæ, ãā, gr. xxx.
M. Fiat massa, in pil. xl divide. Quarum sumat
j-jj bis quotidie.
R.
A highly recommended emmenagogue.
Decoc. Aloes Comp., f3iij.
Soda Subboratis pulv., 5j.
Tr. Aloes Comp.,
Tinct. Castorei, ãã, f³ss.
Aquæ Cinnam., fзij.
M. Fiat mistura, capiat cochl. amplum ter in
die.
In difficult and painful menstruation, at-
tended with a torpid condition of the bowels,
the above is a useful remedy.
B. Vini Colchici Sem., f3j.
Tinct. Stramonii, f3ss.
Tinct. Cimicif. Racemosæ, f3iss.
M. Fiat mistura.
In those cases of dysmenorrhea which are
In chlorotic amenorrhea attended with de-dependent on rheumatic irritation of the os and
bility, the above preparations are often very cervix uteri, the above, administered during
serviceable.
R. Aloes,
Ferri Sulph., ãā, gr. xvj.
Hydrarg. Chlorid. Mitis, gr. iv.
Fiat massa et in pil. xvj div.
A splendid remedy for chlorosis, particularly
in young girls. One pill twice or thrice a day;
the quantity of aloes to be varied according to
the state of the bowels.
B. Potass. Iodid., 5j.
Vini Colch., f3iss.
Syrupi Sarsa.,
Aquæ Font., āā, fžij.
the interval between two or more menstrual
periods, in doses of from half a drachm to a
drachm, three times a day, will often com-
pletely effect a cure.
B. Protiodid. Hydrarg., gr. iij.
Potass. Iodid., 5ij.
Tinct. Gentianæ, f3iij.
Aquæ Cinnam., f 3ij.
Syr. Simp., f 3j.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. parv. bis
terve in die.
After other remedies have failed, the above
has proven successful in the treatment of sup-
pressed menstruation.
M. Fiat mistura, de quâ capiat cochl. parv. R. Guaiaci pulv., šiv.
ter in die.
The above may be administered when the
obstruction is dependent upon a rheumatic con-
dition of the womb.
Soda Carb., 3iss.
Pimenta pulv., 3j.
Alcohol. Officin., Oj.
Macera.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
451
The volatile spirits of ammonia should be, and given in doses of a teaspoonful three times
added to the above mixture after it has digested a day in a glassful of sweetened milk or wine,
for a few days, in proportion of one or two in cases of suppressed menstruation.
drachms to each four ounces of the tincture;
R. Potassæ Chlor., 5ij.
Mellis Rosæ, f³j.
Aquæ Rosæ, f3v.
GARGLES AND LOTIONS.
M. Fiat gargarisma sæpe utendum.
As a gargle in inflammatory sore throat,
and
in the early stage of follicular disease of the
throat, the above will be found useful; or the
following:
R. Argent. Nitratis, ǝj.
Aquæ Rosæ, fživ.
M. Fiat gargarisma.
B. Creasoti, vel
Acidi Carbol., gtt. xxiv.
Tinct. Myrrhæ,
Tinct. Lavendul. Co., aa, f5ss.
Syrupi Simp., f3j.
Aquæ Font., f3vj.
M. Fiat gargarisma.
Or the following:
R. Acidi Carbolici, vel
Creasoti, gtt. xx.
Tinct. Capsici, f3ij.
Tinct. Myrrhæ,
Tinct. Lavendul. Co., aa, f3ss.
Syr. Simp., f3j.
Aquæ Font., fšvj.
M. Fiat gargarisma.
In chronic inflammation of the throat, and in
the latter stage of follicular disease of the
pharyngo-laryngeal membrane, the above prep-
arations may be used with benefit.
B. Decoc. Hordei, f3vj.
Mel. Rosæ, f3j.
Tinct. Opii, f 3iss.
Tinct. Myrrhæ, f3vj.
Vel:
M. Fiat garg.
R. Liquor Calcis Chloridi, f3ss.
Mellis Rosæ, fзj.
Aquæ Font., f3vss.
M. Fiat gargarisma.
In aphthous affections of the throat, the for-
mer, and in ulcerated sore throat, the latter of
the above are useful gargles.
R. Hydrarg. Chlorid. Corrosiv., gr. iij.
Solve in Spirit. Vini Rect., f3ss.
Et adde Decoct. Cinchon., f3vj.
Tinct. Myrrhæ, fзiv.
Mellis Rosæ, f 3iss.
M. Fiat gargarisma.
The above constitutes a most excellent de-
tergent lotion in venereal ulceration of the
throat and fauces.
R. Infus. Rosæ, f3vj.
Tinct. Myrrhæ, f3ss.
Mellis Commun., f3j.
M. Fiat gargarisma.
In young children, when affected with in-
flammatory sore throat, or in aphthous affec-
tions of the throat, much relief may be ob-
taired from the above, or the following:
R. Tinct. Capsici, f3j.
Aluminis, 3j.
Mellis Commun., fžj.
Aquæ Puræ, fзivss.
Misce, pro gargarisma.
B. Decocti Quercus, f3vij.
Aluminis, 3ss.
Vini Gallici, f 3j.
M. Fiat gargarisma.
In chronic sore throat, attended with relaxa-
tion of the uvula, the above astringent gargle
is frequently employed. The above is also a
useful injection in leucorrhæa, or in ulceration
of the rectum or vagina.
R. Liquor Alumin. Co.,
f
Aquæ Font., ãā, ƒžvj.
M. Fiat injectio.
As a vaginal injection in leucorrhoea, the
above has been found excellent.
R. Calcis Chloridi, 3j.
Opii pulv., 3iss.
Aquæ Font., fžvj.
M. Fiat lotio et cola.
In the treatment of old and indolent ulcers,
particularly ulcers of the leg, and of chancres,
also, after cauterizing the ulcers, the above
will be found useful.
452
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
ANTACIDS AND ANTILITHICS.
B. Sp. Ammon. Aromat., f3vj.
Infus. Cascarillæ, f3viiss.
Soda Bicarb., 3iss.
M. Fiat mistura, date m xx vel xxx, pro re
natâ.
The above carminative mixture has been
M. Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. ampl. ij extensively employed in acidity, flatulent colic,
bis in die, ante cibum.
In cases of headache, arising from acidity of
the stomach and primæ viæ, the above will be
found useful.
B. Soda Bicarb., 3iss.
Aquæ Puræ, Oj.
Acidi Sulph. dilut., f3j.
Confectionis Aromat.,
Aquæ Menth. Pip., āā, fзss.
M. Fiat mistura, cap. cochl. ij mag. bis in die.
Or the following:
B. Liquor Calcis, f3viiss.
Magnesiæ Calcin., 3ss.
Spirit. Ammon. Aromat., f3iij.
Tinct. Card. Comp., f3j.
M. Sumat cochl. ij larga bis die, vel sæpius.
In gastrodynia, and in other gastric and
intestinal disturbances, the above combinations
are elegant and invaluable mixtures.
B. Magnesiæ Carb., 3ss.
Magnesiæ Sulph., 3ijss.
Sp. Ammon. Arom., f3j.
Tinct. Rhei, f3ss.
Tinet. Hyoscy., f3ss.
Aquæ Menth. Pip., f3iv.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus sumat cochl unam
mag. bis terve in die.
The above mixture is useful in heartburn
and other cases of acidity of the stomach and
primæ viæ.
R. Mist. Cretæ, fзvj.
Spirit. Cinnam,, fзiss.
Aquæ Ammon., f3iss.
Tinct. Opii, gtt. 1.
M. Fiat mist., sumat cochl. j vel ij ampl. pro
re natâ.
In chronic diarrhea, depending on a redun-
dancy of acid in the stomach and intestines,
the above will be found useful.
B. Magnes. Carb., 3j.
Tinct. Asafoetidæ, f3ss.
Tinct. Opii, gtt. xl.
Sacch. Alb., 3ij.
Aqua Puræ, fžij.
diarrhea, &c.. of young children. It is an
excellent remedy.
The following may also be used under the
same circumstances:
R. Creta Prep.,
Sacch. Alb., āā, 3j.
Acacia pulv., 3ij.
Aquæ Cinnam., fživ.
M. Sumat cochl. parv. bis terve in die.
B. Aquæ Ammon. Carbonatis, f3j.
Infus. Gentianæ Comp., f3v.
Sp. Ætherei Nitrosi, f 3ss.
Aquæ Cinnam., fзiss.
M. Fiat mistura, de quâ sumat cochl. j vel ij,
ampl. ter in die.
In those cases where the urine indicates the
presence of lithic acid, the above mixture may
be given with advantage; or the following:
R. Liquor Potassæ, f3ss.
Tinct. Humuli, fiss.
Infusi Columbæ, fзiv.
Syr. Aurantiæ, f3ij.
Fiat mistura, capiat cochl. largum unam bis
terve in die.
R. Potassæ Iodid., 3iij.
Liquor Potass., f3ijss.
Tinct. Colchici, f3ij.
Tinct. Cardamomi, f3ij.
Syr. Sarsa., fživ.
M. Fiat mistura, cujus capiat cochl. parv. ter
in die.
In the arthritic or rheumatic diathesis, in
which a tendency to the morbid formation of
lactic acid may exist, the above has been suc-
cessfully employed.
R. Haustus Salini, f3jss.
Soda Potassio Tartratis, 5ij.
Vini Colchici, gtt. xv.
Tinct. Opii, gtt. vij.
M. Fiat haustus.
A great remedy in the treatment of acute
rheumatic affections. The draught should be
repeated for the first twelve or twenty-four
hours, at intervals of three or four hours, ac-
cording to the severity of the attack.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
453
B. Olei Origani,
COUNTER-IRRITANTS, OINTMENTS, ETC.
Olei Terebinth., aa, f3ss.
Tinct. Opii,
Aquæ Ammoniæ,
Olei Olivæ, ãā, ƒ³j.
M. Fiat linimentum.
The above rubefacient liniment is strongly
recommended in the treatment of intercostal
rheumatism, and other rheumatic pains of the
chest and back.
R. Olei Origani,
Aquæ Ammoniæ,
Tinct. Opii,
Olei Olivæ, aa, f³j.
M. Fiat liniment.
The above is a splendid remedy for rheumatic
affections of the joints. It should be applied
and followed by frictions with the hand.
B. Olei Origani,
Tinct. Camphoræ, āā, fзss.
Granville's Lotion, f3iij.
Chloroformi, f3iiiss.
Tinct. Aconiti,
Tinct. Capsici, āā, fзss.
Ol. Sassafras, f3ss.
Lin. Sapon. Comp., f³j.
M. Fiat liniment.
In rheumatic and neuralgic affections the
above liniment is highly recommended.
R. Tinct. Arnica,
Aquæ Ammoniæ, ãā, fзj.
Spirit. Camphoræ,
Tinct. Opii, āā, fзss.
Olei Olivæ, fзj.
M. Fiat linimentum.
In the treatment of incipient sore throat, and
in various pains and aches. the above will be
found useful with frictions.
R. Tinct. Aconiti,
Tinct. Opii,
Tinct. Camphoræ,
Chloroformi, āā, fзss.
Misce pro liniment.
To relieve neuralgic or rheumatic pains, the
above has often proved very serviceable.
R. Liniment. Saponis, fзiij.
Chloroformi, f³j.
M. Fiat liniment.
R. Camphoræ, 5v.
Chloroformi, vel,
Ol. Terebinth, f3j.
Tinct. Opii,
R.
01. Olivæ, aa, f³j.
M. Fiat liniment.
The above is a valuable anodyne liniment.
Antim. et Potass. Tart., 3ij.
Camphoræ pulv., 3ss.
Adipis preparat., 3j.
M. Fiat unguentum.
The above ointment may be employed when
it is desired to insure full, pustular counter-
irritation.
R.
Solutio. Ant. et Potass. Tart. saturat., f3iss.
Potass. Iodid., 5j.
Olei Terebinth, vel
Olei Olivæ, f3ss.
M. Fiat liniment.
The above liniment is recommended in acute
inflammation of the lungs and air-passages,
where vesication would be improper before
vascular action is reduced.
R. Ant. et Potass. Tart., 3ss.
Olei Tiglii, gtt. xx.
Ipecac. pulv., 3j.
Unguent. Rosæ, 3j.
M. Fiant unguent.
The above is a mild and very elegant coun-
ter-irritant, as is the following:
Ę. Olei Tiglii, fáj.
Liniment. Saponis Co., f³j.
M. Fiat liniment.
Or the following may be employed:
R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. xxx.
Æther Sulph., f³j.
M. Fiat mistura.
R. Potass. Iodid., 5j.
Protiodid. Hydrarg., gr. x.
Unguent. Rosæ, ³j.
M. Fiat unguent.
The above ointment is considered valuable
in the treatment of tuberculosis. A portion of
it should be applied to the part of the chest
The above has been much employed as a over the diseased lung, night and morning,
stimulating embrocation.
and rubbed in by friction.
454
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
The following may be employed for the same B. Veratriæ, gr. v.
purpose:
B. Iodinii, gr. xij.
Potass. Iodid, 5j.
Adipis Preparat., 3j.
M. Fiat unguent.
R. Unguent. Stramonii, 3j.
Plumbi Carb. pulv., 5j.
Opii pulv., 3iss.
M. Fiat unguent.
In the treatment of hæmorrhoids, the above
ointment has often proved successful.
The following may also be used:
B. Unguent. Stramonii, 3j.
Gallæ pulv. intim., 3j.
Camphoræ pulv., 5ij.
M. Fiat unguent.
B. Gallæ pulv., 3j.
Opii pulv., 3ij.
Adipis Preparat.,
Liq. Plumbi Acetat., f3ij.
Cerati Cetacei, āā, 3j.
M. Fiat unguent.
The above is an excellent ointment for
hæmorrhoids.
B. Protiod. Hydrarg., gr. x.
Potass. Iodid., 5j.
Cerati Simp., 3j.
M. Fiat unguent.
In discussing scrofulous and other indolent
tumors, much benefit can be derived from the
above ointment.
Adipis, 3j.
M. Fiat unguent.
As an external application in the treatment
of neuralgia, the above ointment is declared to
be almost infallible. It is a powerful applica-
tion, and should be rubbed over the painful
part but once or twice a day.
R. Olei Tabac., gtt. vj.
Hydrarg. Præcip. Alb., 9j.
Cerati Simp., 3j.
M. Fiat unguent.
As an external application in eczema and
other forms of obstinate cutaneous disease, the
above ointment is useful.
R. Hydrarg. Oxidi Rubri, gr. v.
Cerati Simp., 3ss.
M. Fiat unguent.
The above ointment is useful in the treat-
ment of chronic inflammation of the eyes, par-
ticularly in ophthalmia tarsi. A small portion
of the ointment should be rubbed, at night,
along the borders of the eyelids.
R. Hydrarg. Oxid. Mur., gr. j.
Mucil. Sassafras., fõij.
Vini Opii (Syd.), f3ij.
Aquæ Rosæ, f 3viij.
M. Fiat lotio.
The above is a useful lotion in ophthalmia.
Common vinegar-one drachm to two ounces
of water-also forms a splendid collyrium in
simple inflamination of the conjunctiva, as
well as in pustular inflammation of that mem-
brane.
MISCELLANEOUS PRESCRIPTIONS.
P. Potassii Bromidi, 3ss.
Aquæ Cinnamomi, fšij. M.
Sig. A dessertspoonful a quarter of an hour
before the last meal, and the same dose, or
three teaspoonfuls, repeated at bedtime, for
adults, in the treatment of insomnia.
R. Chloral Hydratis, 5j.
Aquæ Menth. Pip., f 3ij. M.
Sig. A tablespoonful every hour until sleep
is induced, in the treatment of headache.
B. Zinci Oxidi, Dij-9v.
Confectionis Rosæ, q. s. M.
Divide into twenty pills.
One to be taken three times a day, after
meals, in nervous headache.
R. Hydrargyri Bichlorid., gr. j.
Glycerinæ, f³j.
Tinct. Cinchon. Comp., f3ij.
Olei Mentha Pip., m xxv. M.
A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water
three times a day, in vertigo.
R. Hydrargyri Chlorid. Mitis, gr. ij-iij.
Extract Colocynth. Comp., gr. iv-v. M.
Divide into two pills.
Both to be taken at a dose in the treatment
of acute meningitis accompanied with gout
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
455
or Bright's disease, and followed in a few hours
by a dose of salts and senna.
R. Zinci Oxidi, əj-ij.
Confectionis Rosæ, q. 8.
M.
For ten pills; one ter die, for the restlessness
in delirium tremens.
R. Potassii Iodidi,
Potassii Bromidi, āā, ɔ̃j.
Ammonii Bromidi, 3ss.
Potassæ Bicarbonatis, Dij.
Infusi Calumbæ. f3vj. M.
A teaspoonful before each of the three meals,
and three tablespoonfuls at bedtime, with a
little water, in the treatment of epilepsy.
R. Zinci Valerianatis, 9ij.
Quiniæ Sulphatis,
Cinchon. Sulph., āā, ess.
M.
For twenty pills; one three times a day, in
chorea.
R. Potassii Bromidi, 3ijss.
Aquæ Cinnamomi, f3iv. M.
A dessertspoonful thrice daily, in hysteria.
R. Pulveris Physostigmatis,
Pulv. Rhei, ãā, 3j. M.
Divide into twenty powders. One to be taken
every four hours during the day, also an occa-
sional dose at night, making the average quan-
tity of fifteen grains of each in twenty-four
hours, in the treatment of tetanus.
R. Acidi Phosphorici diluti, f3vj.
Syrupi Simplicis, f3iij. M.
A teaspoonful in water three times a day,
gradually increased to a dessertspoonful, in
progressive locomotor ataxia.
R. Extracti Belladonnæ, gr. .
Extracti Stramonii, gr. }.
Extracti Cannabis Indicæ, gr. 1.
Extracti Aconiti, gr. 3.
Extracti Opii, gr. 1.
Extracti Hyoscyami, gr. 2.
Extracti Conii, gr. j.
Pulveris Glycyrrhizæ, q. s.
Acidi Arseniosi, gr. j.
Extracti Aconiti, gr. x.
Divide into twenty pills.
M.
One to be taken
three or four times a day, and their effects care-
fully watched, in neuralgia.
R. Extracti Belladonnæ, gr. 4.
Extracti Hyoscyami,
Extracti Colocynth. Co.,
Pulveris Zingiberis, āā, gr. j.
For one pill, in facial neuralgia, at bedtime.
R. Veratriæ, gr. v.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. iij.
Adipis, 3j.
M. Fiat unguent.
The last resort in hemicrania.
B. Olei Terebinthinæ, f3j.
Mellis, f3j. M.
A tablespoonful twice daily, in sciatica.
B. Pulveris Aluminis, gr. v-xxx.
Aquæ, fзj. M.
The nebulized spray to be drawn into the
nostrils three or four times a day, to diminish
the profuse secretion of coryza, and destroy
fetor when present, in coryza.
. Tinct. Benzoin. Comp., f5j.
Aquæ Bullientis, f3x. M.
Let the vapor be inhaled frequently, in
acute laryngitis.
B. Ammonia Muriatis, 3ss.
Syrupi Pruni Virg., f3iij. M.
A teaspoonful ter die in intermittent aphonia,
together with
B. Strychniæ Sulphatis, gr..
In granule, ter die.
R. Spiritus Etheris Comp.,
Extract. Valerianæ Fluidi, āā, f³j.
Tinct. Lobeliæ, f3ss.
Potassæ Chloratis, õiss.
Syrupi Tolutanis, f3j. M.
A dessertspoonful in water, three times a
For one pill; repeated three, four, or five day; also, the following stimulating liniment :
times a day, in neuralgia.
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, ij.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. j.
Strychniæ, gr. 2.
R. Chloroformi, f 3ss.
Olei Terebinthinæ, f3j.
Spiritus Rosmarini, f3iss. M.
To be rubbed on the chest several times a
day in asthma.
456
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
R. Potassæ Bitartratis, 3j.
Pulveris Opii, gr. ij-iv.
M.
For eight powders. One every four or six
hours in hemoptysis.
R. Plumbi Acetatis, Dj-3j.
Pulveris Opii, gr. x. M.
For twenty pills. One every four or six
hours in hæmoptysis.
R. Extracti Ergotæ Fluidi, f 3ij.
Tinct. Digitalis, f3ij.
Acidi Gallici, 3j.
Magnesiæ Sulphatis, 3v.
Acidi Sulphurici Diluti, fɔ̃j.
Infusi Rosæ Comp., f3vj.
M.
Two tablespoonfuls every three hours until
the hemorrhage is arrested. A valuable com-
bination for a case of profuse tubercular pul-
monary hemorrhage.
R. Ammoniæ Carbonatis, gr. v.
Tincturæ Benzoini Comp., f3ss.
Tincturæ Cinchonæ Comp., f3iss.
For one dose in acute bronchitis.
M.
B. Spiritus Terebinthinæ, fiij.
Acidi Acetici, f3ss.
Vitelli Ovi, j.
Aquæ Rosæ, fiiss.
Olei Limonis, f3j. M.
To be rubbed morning and evening, not only
over the chest before and behind, but along the
sides of the neck, in chronic bronchitis. It gen-
erally reddens the skin, and produces small
pimples.
B. Potassæ Chloratis, 3ij.
Tinct. Scillæ, f3ss.
Misture Glycyrrh. Comp., f3iiss. M.
A dessertspoonful three or four times a day,
in acute or chronic bronchitis.
B. Vini Picis Liquidæ, fiij.
A dessertspoonful three times a day in cases
of bronchial catarrh, together with
R. Plumbi Acetatis, Dij.
Ext. Glycyrrhizæ, q. s. M.
For twenty pills. One three times a day.
B. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, m x-xv.
Aquæ, Oss. M.
To be placed in an ordinary inhaling bottle,
and used three or four times a day, in bron-
chial catarrh, offensive secretion from bronchial
tubes, &c.
R. Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, f3iiss.
Tinct. Lobeliæ Ethereæ, f3ij.
Aquæ Camphoræ, fзiv. M.
A tablespoonful in water three times a day,
with counter-irritation to the chest with the
following:
B. Acidi Acetici,
Olei Terebinthinæ,
Linimenti Saponis, āā, fšij. M.
In the treatment of emphysema.
B. Olei Morrhuæ, fiss.
Olei Creasoti, gtt. iv.
Pulveris Tragacanthæ,
Pulv. Acaciæ,
Pulv. Amyli, āã, îj.
Sacchari Albi, 5j.
Aquæ Anisi, f3ivss. M.
Two tablespoonfuls three times a day, in the
treatment of phthisis pulmonalis and scrofula.
R. Morphiæ Acetatis, gr. ij.
Potassii Cyanidi, gr. j.
Acidi Acetici, f3j.
Ext. Pruni Virg. Fluidi,
Mistura Acaciæ, aa, f3ij. M.
ãã,
A teaspoonful four or six times a day, as a
sedative mixture for the cough of phthisis.
R. Acidi Gallici, Dij.
Ext. Cannabis Ind., gr. v.
Confectionis Rosæ, gr. x. M.
For ten pills. One to be taken every night at
bedtime.
Or:
R. Zinci Oxidi, gr. xij.
Ext. Conii, vel
Ext. Hyoscyami, gr. xviij. M.
For six pills. One to be taken every night
at bedtime, for the relief of night sweats in
phthisis.
B. Ant. et Potass. Tart., gr. iij-xij.
Hydrarg. Chloridi Mitis, gr. xij. M.
For twelve pills. One to be given every five
or six hours, in pneumonia, according to the
severity of the disease.
B. Tinct. Veratri Viridi, gtt. xxiv.
Potassæ Acetatis, 3ss.
Morphiæ Acetatis, gr. ss.
Liquor. Potass. Citrat., f3iiss.
Syr. Tolutan., f3ss. M.
A dessertspoonful every three hours in pleu-
risy. Apply, locally, two or three times a day,
turpentine stupes.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
457
R. Potassii Iodidi, 3ij.
Tinct. Scillæ, f3гj.
Tinct. Opii Camph., fзiss.
Misturæ Acaciæ, f5vj.
M.
A teaspoonful four times a day in chronic
pleurisy. Also a good nourishing diet; either
whisky or gin, half an ounce, three times a
day, and counter-irritation by means of tinc-
ture of iodine.
R. Potassii Bromidi, 3vss.
Tinct. Digitalis. f3iiss.
Infusi Cascarillæ, f3iv. M.
A dessertspoonful two or three times a day,
in functional palpitation of the heart.
R. Tinct. Verat. Viridis, fõiss.
Tinct. Aconiti Radicis, föss.
Tinct. Zingiberis, f3vss. M.
Fifteen drops three times a day two hours
after meals in water, in cardiac hypertrophy.
B. Pulveris Digitalis, gr. v.
Extract. Belladonnæ, gr. j.
Ferri Redacti, ij. M.
For twenty pills. One three times a day, in
cardiac dilatation.
Emplastri Belladonnæ 4 x 4, to be worn over
the cardiac region.
R. Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. xvj.
Atropiæ Sulphatis, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fзj. M.
Filter. Dose, five minims (equal to one-sixth
of a grain of morphia and one ninety-sixth of
a grain of atropia), for hypodermic injection
in angina pectoris.
B. Potassii Iodidi, 3ss.
Syr. Tolutan.,
Aquæ, ãã, žij. M.
To be applied with a camel's-hair pencil two
or three times daily in irritable and inflamed
sore throat.
R. Acidi Carbolici, gr. viij.
Aquæ, fзiv. M.
Use as a gargle in cases of common sore
throat.
R. Cinchonæ Rubri, 3ss.
Aquæ Bullientis, Oss. M.
Strain and add,
Tinet. Myrrhæ,
Tinct. Krameriæ,
Mellis Despumatæ, āā, fзj.
Acidi Muriatici Diluti, gtt. xv. M.
Use as a gargle in cases of chronic sore throat.
R. Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, fɔ̃j.
Potassæ Chloratis, 3j.
Syrupi Simp., f3ij. M.
One teaspoonful every two or three hours, in
diphtheria, to a child of two or three years.
R. Potassæ Chloratis, Div.
Aquæ, fзiv. M.
Add to a tablespoonful of this,
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, fɔ̃j.
And gargle with it every hour or two for
diphtheria in adults.
R. Soda Sulphatis, 5j.
Tinct. Nucis Vomicæ, föv.
Aquæ, fiv. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day after meals,
A dessertspoonful three times a day in the in dyspepsia with flatulence.
early treatment of internal aneurism.
B. Liq. Plumbi Subacetatis, föj.
Aquæ, fзviij. M.
To be used as a mouth-wash every hour or
two in cases of mercurial stomatitis.
R. Cupri Sulphatis, 3j.
Aquæ, fзj. M.
Apply with a brush three times a week in
cases of follicular pharyngitis.
R. Iodinii, gr. x.
Potassii Iodidi, gr. xx.
Mucil. Acaciæ, f³j.
Sacch. Albi, 3ij.
Aquæ, fзss.
M.
R. Ferri Redacti, gr. xxxvj-3j.
Pepsinæ, gr. xxxvj.
Zinci Phosphatis, gr. xviij.
Glycerinæ, q. s.
M.
Divide into twenty-four pills, and order two
to be taken every day at dinner, in dyspepsia
with anæmia.
B. Podophyllin,
Ext. Belladonnæ, āā, gr. j.
Capsici, gr. v.
Pulv. Rhei., 9j. M.
For twenty pills. One three times a day, in
habitual constipation.
458
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
R. Extract. Gentianæ, 3j.
Ext. Nucis Vomicæ,
Podophyllin, aā, gr. iiss.
Olei Cajuputi, gtt. xx. M.
For twenty pills. One twice a day as a tonic
for chronic constipation.
R. Magnesiæ Sulphatis, 3j.
Potassa Bitartratis, 3j.
Ferri Sulphatis, gr. x.
M.
For one powder. Add to a quart of water,
and take a wineglass on rising every morning,
in habitual constipation.
R. Ext. Aloes, 3ss.
Ext. Nucis Vomicæ, gr. vj.
Ext. Hyoscy., 9j.
Pulv. Ipecac, gr. j. M.
Divide into twenty pills. One to be taken at
night, in the constipation of females.
Ę. Olei Ricini, fɔ̃ij.
Pulv. Acaciæ, 3j.
Tinct. Opii, mviij.
Syrupi, f3ij.
Aquæ Carui, q. s. ad f3ij. M.
Dose, a teaspoonful for a child six years
old, in dysenteric diarrhæa.
R. Salicin, gr. v.
T
For one powder. To be taken every four or
six hours, in cases of diarrhea with clean
tongue, which will not yield to opiates, as-
tringents, or stimulants.
R. Pulv. Opii, gr. vj.
Ext. Nucis Vomicæ, gr. iij.
Cupri Sulphatis, gr.j. M.
Divide into twelve pills. One three times a
day in chronic diarrhea.
R. Argenti Nitratis, gr. ss.
Ext. Opii, gr. ij. M.
Make a pill, to be taken night and morning
in very obstinate diarrhea.
R. Bismuthi Subnitratis, 3ss.
Acidi Hydrocyanici Diluti, gtt. xxiv.
Mistura Acaciæ, f3iij. M.
A teaspoonful after meals, in chronic gas-
tritis.
R. Argenti Nitratis, gr. v.
Extracti Opii, gr. x. M.
For twenty pills. One three times a day, in
gastric ulcer.
R. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi,
Spiritus Chloroformi, aa, föj-iij.
Aquæ Menthæ Piperitæ, f3iij. M.
Dose, a tablespoonful, in chronic tympanitis.
R. Podophyllin, gr. vj.
Capsici, gr. iv.
Pulv. Rhei, gr. xij. M.
For twelve pills. One on alternate nights,
in chronic hepatitis.
B. Potassii Iodidi, ǝv.
Aquæ, fзvj.
M.
A tablespoonful three times a day, in dia-
betes.
B. Opii pulv., gr. j.
For one pill. To be taken every night, in
diabetes.
R. Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, gtt. xx-lx.
For one dose, in water, three times daily,
in diabetes.
R. Acidi Gallici, 3j-ij.
Acidi Sulphurici Diluti, f3ss.
Tinct. Lupuli, f3j.
Infusi Lupuli, fзvj. M.
A tablespoonful three times a day in Bright's
disease, when the urine is "smoky," or when
blood is seen on microscopic examination.
Two or three movements from the bowels
should be secured daily. For this purpose
the following will be found useful :
B. Pulv. Jalapæ Comp., 3ss.-j.
Pulv. Zingiberis, gr. ij. M.
For one dose. To be taken in the morning,
fasting, in a wineglass of water.
When dyspeptic symptoms predominate, the
following pill is useful:
R. Ferri Sulphatis, gr. j.
Ext. Nucis Vomicæ, gr. ss.-j.
Pilulæ Galbani Comp., gr. ij-iij.
M.
For one pill. To be taken twice or thrice
daily.
R. Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, f 3ss.
Acidi Acetici, f5ss.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
459
Mix, and add
Liquor Ammoniæ Acetatis, f3r.
Curacoæ, f3ij. M.
A tablespoonful three times a day.
The above is useful in chronic Bright's dis-
ease, and in all those cases in which the union
of a tonic and diuretic effect is desired.
R. Elaterii, gr. iss.
Pulv. Capsici, gr. lx.
Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis, gr. xij.
Ext. Hyoscyam., gr. xviij. M.
For twelve pills. Two to be taken at a dose,
in Bright's disease, when elaterium is indi-
cated.
R. Fresh Root of Hydrangea Arborescens,
2 tbs.
Water, 6 qts.
Boil down to two quarts, strain, and add
one quart of honey, and boil down to one
quart. Dose a teaspoonful twice or three
times a day.
The above is highly recommended in cases
of sabulous and gravelly deposits in the blad-
der. Under its use large quantities of sand
and gravel have been removed.
R. Ext. Buchu Fluidi,
Ext. Pareiræ Fluidi,
Ext. Uva Ursi Fluidi,
Ext. Chimaphilæ Fluidi,
Glycerinæ Purificatæ, ãã, f³j.
Syr. Acaciæ, fзvij. M.
A tablespoonful four times a day, in chronic
irritation, congestion, and inflammation of the
urethra, bladder, and kidneys.
B. Pulv. Scillæ, gr. iss.
Pulv. Digitalis, gr. ss.
Pil. Hydrargyri, gr. ij. M.
For one pill, two or three times a day, in
ascites.
R. Potassæ Acetatis, gr. xx.
Spiritus Etheris Nitrosi, f3ss.
Decocti Scoparii, f3jss. M.
To be given with dose of the above pills.
R. Potassæ Carbonatis, j.
Aquæ Camphoræ, f3ij. M.
For one dose. To be repeated every three
hours, in rheumatism. If the pain is felt more
in the bones, add two grains of iodide of po-
tassium to each dose.
R. Potassii Iodidi, 3j.
Vini Colchici Radicis, f3ij.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. iij.
Syrupi, f3j.
Aquæ, fзij. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day, after meals,
in muscular rheumatism.
R. Potassæ Carbonatis, 3ij.
Potassæ Acetatis, 3iij.
Vini Colch. Sem., f3j.
Syr. Tolutan., f3iss.
Aquæ, f3ss. M.
A teaspoonful three times daily, in lumbago,
the following liniment to be rubbed in night
and morning :
R. Chloroformi, f3ss.
Linimenti Ammoniæ, f3jss.
Linimenti Saponis, f3ij. M.
The quickest way of treating lumbago is by
throwing one-fiftieth of a grain of atropia
under the skin, near the affected muscles.
R. Liquor Potassæ Arsenitis, f5ij.
Potassii Iodidi, 5ij.
Syrupi, f3iij. M.
A teaspoonful ter die, between meals, in
water, in rheumatic arthritis.
R. Vini Colchici Seminis, f3j.
Potassæ Acetatis, 3vj.
Spts. Æther. Nitrosi,
Syrupi, āā, f³j. M.
A teaspoonful ter in die, in pleurodynia.
R. Potassii Iodidi, 3ij.
Vini Colchici Rad., f3ss.
Ext. Cinchon. Fluidi,
Elixir Cinchonæ, ãã, fзiss. M.
A dessertspoonful ter die, in muscular rheu-
matism.
B. Potassi Iodidi, gr. xxxvj.
Ammonia Muriatis, 3ij.
Vini Colch. Rad., f5j.
Tinct. Opii, mI.
Infusi Gentianæ Comp., f3vj. M.
A teaspoonful ter in die, in muscular rheu-
matism.
B. Potassæ Nitratis, 3ss.
Aquæ, fзvj. M.
A tablespoonful, every four hours, in acute
gout or acute rheumatism.
460
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
B. Potassæ Acetatis, ijss.
Spts. Eth. Nit., f3ss.
Tinct. Colchici, f3j.
Aquæ Camphoræ, ad. f3viij. M.
Two tablespoonfuls, three times a day, in
gout.
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, 5j.
Zinci Sulphatis, 3ss.
Capsici,
Pilulæ Hydrargyri, āā, 9j. M.
Divide into sixty pills. One pill every hour
until six have been taken, commencing three
hours before the time of the expected chill, in
intermittent fever.
R. Quiniæ Sulphatis, gr. ij.
Ferri Sulphatis, gr. j.
Strychniæ, gr. 1. M.
60
For one pill, three times a day, in anæmia.
R. Syr. Phos. Iron., Quin., et Strychniæ, fзiv.
A teaspoonful three times a day, in anæmia.
B. Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, f3j.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, gr. xx.
M.
Sig. Twenty drops ter die, in sweetened
water, through a tube, in anæmia.
R. Unguenti Picis,
Unguenti Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub., ãā, 3ss. M.
To be applied morning and evening in chronic
erythema. Internally, Donovan's solution,
gtt. x, ter die.
R. Olei Terebinthinæ,
Tinct. Aconiti,
Vel,
Tinct. Belladonnæ,
Linimenti Saponis, aa, f3j. M.
Fiat linimentum.
For chilblains.
B. Pulv. Plumbi Acetatis, gr. xij.
Unguenti Benzoati, 3j. M.
Mix thoroughly. A soothing application
for erythema of the vulva and anus.
R. Acidi Hydrocyanici Diluti, f3j.
Emulsionis Amygdala Amaræ, fзvj. M.
For external use in roseola.
R. Liquor Ammoniæ Acetatis,
Mistura Camphoræ, ãã, fživ. M.
As a lotion, in roseola infantilis, when there
is itching or tingling of the surface. It is to
be used lukewarm.
R. Ammoniæ Carbonatis, 3j.
Plumbi Acetatis, 3ij.
Aquæ Roseæ, fзviij. M.
A lotion for nettle-rash.
R. Spiritus Ammoniæ Aromatici, f 3ss.
Ferri et Ammoniæ Citratis, Dij.
Infusi Quassiæ, f 3viss.
Glycerinæ, fj. M.
Two tablespoonfuls three times a day, in
chronic urticaria.
R. Liquor Arsenici Chloridi, f3ss.
Acidi Muriatici Diluti,
Aquæ Aurantii Florum, āā, f 3ij.
Syrupi Simplicis, f3iij. M.
A tablespoonful to be taken alone, or in
water, with the meals, in very chronic cases of
urticaria.
R. Liquor. Plumbi Subacet., f3j-ij.
Infusi Altheæ, Oj. M.
Use as a lotion in lichen.
R. Potassii Cyanidi, gr. iij.
Adipis, 3j. M.
Or,
R. Zinci Oxidi.
Soda Biboratis, āā, 3j.
Camphora, gr. x.
Adipis, 3j. M.
Or,
B. Acidi Hydrocyanici Diluti, f 3ij.
Soda Biboratis, 3ss.
Aquæ Rosa, fзviij. M.
Or,
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j,
Acidi Hydrocyanici Diluti, fɔ̃j.
Emulsionis Amygdala Amaræ, fзvj. M.
To allay itching in lichen agrius.
used as lotions and ointments.
R. Liquor. Potass. Arsenitis, f 3ij.
Vini Antimonii, f3xiv.
Aquæ, f3j. M.
To be
A teaspoonful, diluted, three times a day, in
lichen.
R. Soda Carbonatis, Dj.
Glycerinæ, f3ij.
Aquæ Rosæ, f³vj. M.
Use as a lotion in strophulus
.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
461
B. Pulv. Opii, gr. viij.
Creasoti, mx.
Adipis, 3ij. M.
To allay itching in prurigo.
B. Tinct. Nucis Vomicæ, f3ij.
Tinct. Digitalis, föij-iij.
Glycerinæ, f3ij.
Aquæ Rosæ, f³vi-viij. M.
To be used in prurigo of a purely neurotic
character, as a lotion.
R. Camphoræ, gr. x.
Glycerinæ, mx.
Adipis, 3j. M.
Or,
R. Soda Hyposulphitis, 3j.
Glycerinæ, f3j.
Aquæ, fзiij. M.
Particularly useful in pruritus vagina, as
lotions.
B. Soda Arseniatis, gr. ij.
Aquæ, q. s.
M.
To make a solution; add
Pulveris Guaiaci, 3ss.
Hydrarg. Oxysulphureti, j.
Syrupi Acaciæ, q. s. M.
For twenty-four pills. One, two or three
times a day, in obstinate cases of pruritus.
R. Tinct. Opii, f3ss.
Sulphuris Sublimati, 3ss.
Zinci Oxidi, 3j.
Olei Amygdalæ dulcis, f3j.
Adipis, 3iij. M.
For local prurigo.
R. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, f5ss.-j.
Unguenti Zinci Oxidi, 3j. M.
Fiat unguentum.
Useful in eczema.
B. Potassii Cyanidi, gr. 4.
Alcoholis, f 3ij.
Glycerinæ, fзss.
Aquæ, fɔ̃vj.
A local application to allay itching in various
skin affections, to be sponged over the part
several times a day.
R. Hydrarg. Chlorid. Mitis, ej.
Cerati Simplicis, 3j. M.
An alterative ointment, to be applied in
eczema capitis, after poulticing.
R. Liquor. Potassæ Arsenitis, f5ss.-iss.
Vini Ferri Amari,
Aquæ, àã, fзiss. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day, after meals,
in eczema.
R. Liquor. Potassa Arsenitis, f5ss.-j.
Vini Ferri, f3iss.
Syrupi, f3iij.
Aquæ Anethi, f3ij. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day, for eczema
infantilis.
R. Zinci Oxidi, 3iss.
Amyli, 3j.
Cerati Adipis, 3ss.
Glycerinæ, f 38s.
M.
For application to ulcers, eczema, &c.
B. Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, f³j.
Liquor. Potassæ Arsenitis, f3iss.
Hydrarg. Chloridi Corrosiv, gr. iij. M.
Thirty drops three times a day in sweetened
water, through a tube, as an alterant tonic for
eczema.
R. Acidi Carbolici, 3ij.
Glycerinæ, fзj.
Aquæ Rosæ, ad fзviij. M.
Use in ringworm, of the surface especially,
R. Zinci Carbonatis Præcipitati, 3j.
Liquor. Plumbi Subacetatis, mx.
Acidi Hydrocyanici Diluti, mxx.
Glycerinæ, mxx.
Adipis, 3j. M.
Fiat unguent.
R. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, mxxx.
Glycerinæ, f3ij.
Cerati Adipis, 3vj. M.
Employed in the treatment of acne and other
pustular skin affections.
R. Liquor. Potassæ Arsenitis, f3j.
Ext. Cascarillæ Fluidi,
Tinct. Rhei Dulcis, ãã, fɔ̃x. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day. Locally,
iodide of sulphur ointment (gr. xv to Adeps 3j),
twice a day, in chronic cases of acne.
R. Hydrarg. Chlorid. Corros., gr. ij.
Potassii Iodidi, Dj.
Soda Biboratis, 3ss.
Spts. Ammoniæ Aromat., f3ss.
Aquæ Cologni, f3ss.
Aquæ Camphoræ, f3iij. M.
For acne indurata. To be applied with a fine
sponge once or twice daily.
462
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
B. Unguenti Picis,
Ung. Hydrarg. Oxidi Rubri, ãâ, 3ss.
M.
For impetigo. To be rubbed in night and
morning.
If this fails, apply
R. Cupri Sulphatis, j-ij.
Aquæ, fj. M.
R. Syrupi Ferri Iodidi, f5iss.
Magnesiæ Sulphatis, 3j.
Olei Mentha Pip., gtt. ij.
Aquæ, ad fзiv. M.
Dose, f5ij-f3iv; in pustular and sebaceous
affections, rupia, &c.
B. Soda Sulphitis, 3ss.
Aquæ, f3vj. M.
To be used as a wash in lepra.
R. Liquor. Potassæ Arsenitis, ml.
Tinct. Gentianæ Comp., fзiv. M.
R. Unguenti Hydrarg. Nitrat,
Cerati Simplicis, aa, 3ss. M.
For pityriasis of the scalp. To be applied
morning and night. The hair should be cut
short and poultices applied before using the
ointment. The scalp is to be kept clean with
soap.
B Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, f5j.
Glycerinæ, f3iss. M.
To be applied once a day, in lupus, if it can
be borne; then follow with the application of
dilute citrine ointment.
R. Sulphuris, 3ss.
Hydrarg Ammoniati, gr. iv.
Creasoti, gtt. iv.
Olei Anthemidis, gtt. x.
Adipis, 3j. M.
Fiat unguent.
Useful in scabies.
A dessertspoonful three times a day in lepra. R. Pulveris Anthemidis, 3ss.
R. Acidi Carbolici Cryst., 3iss.
Glycerinæ, q. s.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3vj. M.
A teaspoonful in a wineglass of water,
three times a day, on an empty stomach, for
psoriasis.
R. Unguenti Hydrarg. Oxidi Rubri,
Unguenti Hydrargyri, āā, šij.
Glycerinæ, f3ss. M.
For psoriasis; to be rubbed in morning and
evening, when there are no vesicles, after
washing the parts with castile soap.
Internally:
R. Liquor. Arsenici et Hydrarg. Iodidi, f3ss.
M.
Extract. Dulcamaræ Fluidi, f3iiss.
A teaspoonful three times a day, after meals.
R Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, f 3iiss.
Olei Olivæ, f3ss.
Adipis, 3ss.
M.
The above ointment is said to cure scabies in
three frictions.
R. Soda Hyposulphitis, 3iv.
Glycerinæ, f3ij.
Aquæ, ad f3vj. M.
A useful application in favus.
B. Sulphuris Præcipitati, 5ij.
Spiritûs Camphoræ, f3ss.
Glycerinæ, f3ss.
Or,
Hydrargyri Bisulphureti, ss.
Pulveris Amyli, 3ij.
Aquæ, ad Oj.
R. Sulphuris,
Unguenti Picis, āā, 3j.
Unguenti Hydrarg., 3iij.
Glycerinæ, f3ss. M.
Acidi Arseniosi, gr. iij-v.
Acidi Muriatici, mv.
Aquæ, ad f3iij. M.
Useful in all forms of ringworm.
Used in doses of f5ij-f5iv, in chronic R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. ij-iv.
squamous and pustular affections.
R. Acidi Arseniosi, gr. j.
Ext. Jalapæ, gr. xxiv.
Pulveris Aromatici, gr. xxxvj.
Pulveris Acaciæ, gr. vj.
Glycerinæ, q. s. M.
For twenty pills; one twice a day in
squamous affections.
Ammoniæ Muriatis, 3ss.
Alcoholis, f3ss.
Aquæ Rose, ad fзvj. M.
In tinea versicolor, scabies, prurigo.
B. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, f5ij.
Glycerinæ, fзj.
Aquæ Rosæ, ad fäviij. M.
Use in ringworm of the surface especially.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
463
R. Unguenti Hydrarg. Nitrat, 3ss.
Sulphuris, 3ij.
Creasoti, mx.
Adipis, j-ij. M.
Use in ordinary ringworm and tinea sycosis.
R. Calcis Hyposulphitis,
Soda Hyposulphitis, aa, 3ss.
Aquæ, fзiv.
M.
A useful lotion for sycosis mentis.
R. Zinci Sulphatis,
Acidi Tannici, āā, gr. ij.
Aquæ, f3ij. M.
To be used repeatedly during the day as an
injection in gonorrhea.
R. Tinct. Cubebæ, f3ij.
Copaibæ, fзj.
Liquor. Potassæ, mixxx.
Liquor. Morphiæ Sulph., f3j.
Aquæ Cinnamomi,
Misturæ Camphoræ, āā, fžij.
Pulveris Acaciæ,
Sacchari Albi, āā, šij. M.
! Two injections a day are sufficient in gonor-
rhaa.
R. Copaibæ, 3vj.
Magnesiæ, iss.
Ext. Hyoscy., 3ss.
Pulv. Camphoræ, 3j.
Theriacæ, 3iij.
Micæ Panis, 3iss.
M.
For an electuary. Dose, one drachm three
times a day, in gonorrhea.
R. Zinci Sulphatis,
Plumbi Acetatis, āā, gr. xv.
Tinct. Catechu,
Tinct. Opii, āā, fɔ̃j.
Aquæ Rosæ, fзvj. M.
Use for injections in gonorrhea.
R. Extracti Belladonnæ, 9j.
Lupulinæ Recentis,
Pulveris Camphoræ, ãã, 3j. M.
For forty-eight pills. One to four at night,
for the painful erections in gonorrhea.
A tablespoonful three or four times a day in R. Spiritûs Camphoræ, f5j.
gonorrhea.
R. Argenti Nitratis, gr. 1-1.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fзj. M.
An efficient and perfectly safe injection for
the abortive treatment of gonorrhea.
R. Pulv. Aluminis, 3ss.
Zinci Sulphatis, 9j.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. vj.
Aquæ, fiv.
M.
Evacuate the urine, and immediately after,
throw an ordinary syringeful of the solution
into the urethra, and retain by closing the
meatus for two or three minutes. Repeat the
injection three times a day, always following
urination; for the treatment of gonorrhea.
R. Copaibæ, fɔ̃v.
Cubebæ, 5iv.
Spiritûs Mentha Pip., q. s. M.
Fiat confectio.
From four to five drachms a day are given
in gonorrhea.
R. Zinci Sulphatis,
Plumbi Subacetatis, āā, gr. xv.
Aquæ, fзiv. M.
For one dose, to be taken in sweetened milk
on going to bed, for chordee. Every time the
patient wakes with the chordee, he is to rise
and repeat the dose.
R. Tinct. Cantharidis,
Olei Terebinthinæ, āā, f³j.
Mucilaginis Acaciæ, f3ij. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day in the treat-
ment of gleet, together with the following in-
jection :
R. Acidi Tannici, 9j.
Plumbi Acetatis, gr. viij.
Aqua, fзviij. M.
A syringeful to be injected three or four
times in the twenty-four hours.
R. Acidi Nitrici, gtt. xx.
Aqua, fзviij. M.
One fluid drachm to be injected every hour
or even oftener if the patient choose, in gleet.
Order at the same time,
R. Ext. Nucis Vomicæ, gr. xij.
Quiniæ Sulphatis,
Ext. Hyoscyami, āā, gr. xxiv. M.
For twenty-four pills. Take two one hour
before each meal.
464
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
:
R. Hydrargyri Iodidi Rubri, gr. iij.
Potassii Iodidi, 3iss.
Alcoholis, f3ss.
Syrupi Aurantii, f3ijss. M
Thirty drops three times a day when there
is a thickened and uneven condition of the
urethra, in gleet.
R. Liquoris Soda Chlorinatæ, fзss.
Aquæ, f3vij. M.
To be applied on pieces of lint between the
prepuce and the glans three or four times a
day, in the treatment of balanitis. Simple
lime-water will frequently effect a cure.
R. Tinct. Cantharidis,
Tinct. Cubebæ, āā, fžij.
Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. iv.
Aquæ Camphoræ, fзiv. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day in a gill of
rice-water, in cases of vaginal gonorrhæa.
B. Acidi Nitrici, gtt. xx.
Infusi Cinchona Rubræ, f3x. M.
To be used for injection repeatedly during
the day, in vaginal gonorrhea.
R. Potassæ Permanganatis, gr. 1-ij.
Aquæ, fзj. M.
The weaker solution should be used first and
gradually increased. Eight or ten injections
should be made in the twenty-four hours, in
gonorrhea.
R. Ferri Sulphatis, gr. ij.
Quiniæ Sulphatis, gr. . M.
For one pill three times a day, in chronic
gonorrhea.
R. Tinct. Cantharidis, f3ss.
Strychniæ, gr. j.
Syrupi Limonis, f3iij. M.
A teaspoonful morning and evening, in ad-
dition to the above pills, in chronic gonorrhea.
R. Potassæ Bicarbonatis, 5j.
Potassæ Nitratis, 9j.
Ætheris, f3ss.
Tinct. Opii, m xxv.
Aquæ Camphoræ, f³j. M.
Two tablespoonfuls every six hours, in the
acute, or highly inflammatory stage of gonor-
rhæa.
Ę. Zinci Sulphatis,
Plumbi Acetatis, aa, gr. viiss.
Tinct. Catechu, mxv.
Aquæ Copaibæ, fзiv. M.
A useful injection in chronic gonorrhea.
B. Tinct. Iodinii, gtt. xv-xx.
Aquæ Copaibæ, f3iij. M.
A useful injection in the decline of gonor-
rhoea.
B. Argenti Nitratis, gr. iij-ivss.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fiv. M.
A useful dressing, by means of lint, for
balano-posthitis.
B. Acidi Tannici, 5iiss.-xiv.
Aquæ, Oij. M.
R. Ext. Krameriæ, 3iv-vj.
Aquæ, Oij. M.
R. Zinci Sulphatis, 3iiss.-vj.
Aquæ, Oij. M.
The above three are useful vaginal injec-
tions in the treatment of vulvitis. They ought
to be deeply injected into the vagina.
R. Hydrarg. Chloridi Mitis, gr. xxxvj.
Tinet. Opii, fɔ̃j.
Cerati Simplicis, 3j. M.
For application to chancre, when an unctuous
dressing is required. Or the following may be
used:
R. Acidi Nitrici Diluti, f5j.
Aquæ, fɔ̃viij. M.
The strength of the above may be varied
with the sensibility of the part.
R. Ferri et Potassæ Tartratis, 3ss.
Syrupi,
Aquæ, ãã, fзiij. M.
From two teaspoonfuls to a tablespoonful
three times a day, within an hour after meals,
in phagedenic chancres, and a lotion contain-
ing the same salt to be applied to the ulcer.
R. Acidi Tannici, Þj.
Tinct. Lavendulæ, f3ss.
Vini Rubri, f3iv. M.
To be applied when the chancre assumes a
spongy or fungoid aspect.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
465
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi,
Ammoniæ Muriatis, āā, gr. xvj.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fɔ̃iss. M.
Make a solution, and make up with bread-
crumb into one hundred and twenty-eight
pills. One to be taken morning and night
immediately after meals. If pills cannot be
taken, order
R. Hydrarg. Chloridi Corrosivi,
Ammonia Muriatis, āā, gr. vj.
Tinct. Cinchonæ Compos., f3ij.
Aquæ, fiv. M.
A teaspoonful, morning and evening, for one
week; afterward three a day, directly after
eating.
R. Unguenti Hydrargyri Nitratis, 3j.
Cerati Simplicis, 5vj-3j. M.
A useful application in the treatment of
chancre. The dressings should be changed
every five or six hours.
When the parts begin
+
to granulate, apply
R. Cerati Zinci Carbonatis, 3j.
Adipis, 3vj. M.
The caustic most useful in destroying the
virus of chancre is nitric acid.
Soft chancres ought to be dressed several
times a day with charpie, saturated with some
astringent lotion, as the following:
R. Aluminis, Dij-iv.
Or,
Aquæ Rosæ, f3iij. M.
R. Ferri et Potassæ Tartratis, Div-5v.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fзiij. M.
R. Ext. Belladonnæ, gr. xlv-Div.
Unguenti Hydrargyri, 5vj. M.
Or,
R. Potassii Iodidi, gr. xv.
Plumbi Iodidi, Diiss.
Adipis, živ. M.
The above are useful applications to buboes,
when it is desired to promote resolution.
B. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j.
Potassii Iodidi, gr. xxx.
Liquoris Potassæ Arsenitis, m xxxvj.
Alcoholis, föj.
Ext. Sarsaparillæ Fluidi, fšiij.
Aqua Cinnamomi, ad f3xij. M.
meals, in the treatment of some of the more
intractable forms of syphilitic squama.
R. Pilulæ Hydrargyri, 5j.
Extracti Opii, gr. v.
M.
For twenty pills. One daily, in secondary
syphilis.
R. Argenti Nitratis, gr. xxx-xl.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
To be freely applied over the velum and
back of the pharynx, every day, for secondary
ulceration of the throat in syphilis.
R. Potassii Iodidi, vij.
Potassæ Chloratis, Div.
Aquæ, fзviij. M.
Two tablespoonfuls three times a day, for
ulcerated sore throat. To be used toward the
close of the secondary period of syphilis.
R.
Potassii Iodidi, siv.
Ammoniæ Muriatis, 3ij.
Tinct. Cinchonæ Comp., fзiv. M.
A teaspoonful, three times a day, in tertiary
syphilis..
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j.
Potassii Iodidi, 3ss.
Syrupi Ferri Pyrophosphatis,
Aquæ, aa, fзiss. M.
ãã,
A teaspoonful, three times a day, in syphilitic
rupia.
R. Liquor. Arsenici et Hydrarg. Iodidi, f3j.
Syrupi Aurantii, f3vj. M.
A teaspoonful, in water, three times a day,
on a full stomach, in obstinate squamous syphi-
litic eruptions.
B. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j.
Potassii Iodidi, 3ij.
Syr. Sarsaparillæ Comp., f3iij. M.
A dessertspoonful three times a day, shortly
after meals, in tertiary syphilis.
B. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. iij.
Potassii Iodidi, v.
Ammoniæ Carbonatis, 5j.
Tinct. Cinchonæ Compositæ,
Aquæ, ãã, fзiv. M.
A teaspoonful, three times a day, half an
Two tablespoonfuls, three times a day, after hour before meals, in tertiary syphilis.
30
466
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
:
R. Hydrargyri cum Cretâ, gr. iij-vj.
Sacchari Albi, əj. M.
Divide into twelve powders; one to be taken
three times a day, in infantile syphilis.
Or,
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. i-ij.
Syr. Sarsaparillæ Comp., f3ij.
Aquæ, fзviij.
A teaspoonful three times a day.
R. Ammoniæ Carbonatis, 5ss.
Potassii Iodidi, Dj.
Tinct. Aconiti Folii, m xxx.
Tinct. Cinchonæ Comp., f3vj.
Aquæ Mentha Pip., ad f3iij. M.
A tablespoonful, in half a wineglass of water,
three times a day, at 9 A.M., 2 P. M., and 7 P.M.
R Hydrargyri Iodidi Viridis, gr. ij.
Extracti Opii, gr. j.
Extracti Hyoscyami, gr. vj. M.
Divide into twelve pills, and order one to be
taken every night at 11 o'clock, as long as the
above mixture is continued. Very useful in
many forms of constitutional syphilis.
R. Aluminis, gr. iv-vj.
Or,
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
R. Aluminis, gr. iij.
Zinci Sulphatis, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Useful lotions in the treatment of acute con-
junctivitis (catarrhal ophthalmia).
B. Argenti Nitratis, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Useful in chronic ophthalmia, as a local ap-
plication, dropped into the eye twice a day;
or the following may be used
R. Zinci Sulphatis, gr. j-ij.
Aquæ, f3j. M
R. Spiritus Etheris Nitrosi, fɔ̃j.
Acidi Acetici Aromatici, gtt. vj.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3vj. M.
To be sponged over the closed eyelids and
around the eyes three or four times daily, and
allowed to evaporate, in hyperamia of the con-
junctiva.
R. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. j-ij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
A drop or two to be applied to the conjunc-
tiva, in cases of chronic hyperamia of the con-
junctiva.
R. Acidi Carbolici, gr. j.
Atropiæ Sulphatis, gr. ss.
Zinci Sulphatis, gr. ij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fзj. M.
This solution is to be dropped into the eye
every two hours, and applied constantly with
moist compresses externally, in gonorrhaal
conjunctivitis.
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j.
Ammonia Muriatis, gr. iv.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fзvj.
Fiat sol.
M.
For purulent ophthalmia in new-born in-
fants; the eyes to be washed with the solution
several times during the day.
R.
Atropiæ Sulphatis, gr. ij-iv.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
A valuable local remedy in all cases of
iritis, whatever its origin or constitutional
cause. It must be dropped into the eye at first
at short intervals, as every hour. When dilata-
tion is produced, or when, after a few applica-
tions, the pupil still resists dilatation, the ap-
plication is to be continued two or three times
a day.
B. Hydrarg. Chloridi Mitis, gr. j-ij.
Pulveris Opii, gr. 1−1.
Confectionis Rosæ, q. s.
For one pill three times a day, in syphilitic
iritis.
R. Hydrarg. Chloridi Mitis, gr. j.
Pulv. Ipecac, comp., gr. v. M.
For one pill. One pill at night, in rheumatic
iritis.
Or,
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, gr. xij.
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi,
Acidi Nitrici Diluti, ää, f5j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3vj. M.
A tablespoonful in water, to be taken through
a tube three times a day.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
467
B. Olei Terebinthinæ, f3iij.
Syrupi Acaciæ, f 3iss.
spoonfuls of water, and take every few hours
in profuse menorrhagia, until bleeding ceases.
Aquæ Pimentæ, f3iv. M.
A teaspoonful three or four times a day, in R. Aloes Barbadensis, gr. x.
non-syphilitic iritis.
R. Pulv. Aloes, gr. lxviij.
Pulv. Myrrhæ, gr. xxxiv.
Extract. Glycyrrh., q. s. M.
For sixty pills. Two to four pills two to
three times a day in amenorrhea.
Or the fol-
lowing:
B. Asafoetidæ,
Myrrhæ, aã, 3j.
Aloes Socotrinæ, ij.
Ferri Lactatis, 5j. M.
For sixty pills. Take one of these emmena-
gogue pills night and morning.
R. Potassii Bromidi, 5j.
Tinct. Cantharidis, f5jss.
Tinct. Cinnamomi, f5vj.
Aquæ, q. s., ad f3iss.
M.
A dessertspoonful three times a day, as a
stimulating emmenagogue.
R. Acidi Citrici, gr. x-xxij.
Syrupi Rubi, fɔ̃vj.
Aquæ, fзxv.
M.
For a drink, in menorrhagia.
B. Aluminis, õij-ivss.
Aquæ, fзxv.
M.
For vaginal injection, in menorrhagia.
R. Ferri Chloridi, gr. xvj.
Tinct. Opii, gtt. x.
Syrupi Tolutan., fšij.
Aquæ, f3vj.
M.
Tepid Milk, f3iij. M.
To be injected twice a day when the men-
strual flow is due, until it comes, or until
tenesmus becomes unbearable.
R. Olei Terebinthinæ, f3ss.
Tinct. Capsici, f3ss.
Tinct. Ergotæ, fɔ̃j.
Tinct. Lavendulæ Comp., fžij.
M.
In cases of uterine hemorrhage, give from
half a drachm to a drachm of this mixture in
milk, after shaking the bottle.
In severe flooding after parturition, from
half an ounce to an ounce may be given in
plenty of milk, with good results.
R. Ergotinæ, gr. xv.
Glycerinæ,
Aquæ Destillatæ, aa, f3ss. M.
Dose, fifteen minimis in severe
menorrhagia.
B. Plumbi Acetatis, gr. xviij.
Acidi Acetici, mxx.
Morphiæ Acetatis, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3vj. M.
cases of
Two tablespoonfuls every hour, in cases of
accidental hemorrhage during pregnancy.
R. Tinct. Opii, mxxx.
Infusi Anthemidis, fšiv.
Aquæ Mentha Piper.,
Syr. Simp., āā, ƒ зss.
M.
One to two tablespoonfuls every one or two
A tablespoonful every one to two hours, in hours, in dysmenorrhæa.
menorrhagia.
Or,
R. Pulveris Ergotæ,
Sacchari Albi, āā, gr. xxxvj.
Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j.
Divide into six doses.
One powder every
five minutes.
R. Acidi Gallici, gr. xv-xxv.
Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, mxv-xx.
Tinct. Cinnamomi, fɔ̃ij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, q. s. ad fзss. M.
R. Camphoræ, 3iiss.
Ext. Belladonnæ,
Quiniæ Sulphatis, aa, 5ss.
Pulv. Acaciæ, q. s. M.
For eighty pills. One to be taken every four
hours until relieved, in dysmenorrhaa. Or the
following may be used:
B. Extracti Scutellariæ Fluidi,
Decocti Aloes Comp., aã, f3ss. M.
A dessertspoonful every two or three hours
For one dose. Mix with two or three table- until relieved.
468
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
B. Ferri Persulphatis, gr. xxiv.
Aquæ, Oss.
M.
For a vaginal injection, in uterine catarrh.
R. Tinct. Opii, f žij.
Plumbi Acetatis, 3j.
Aquæ, Oj. M.
The above lotion should be kept in contact
with the parts by dossils of lint soaked in it
and placed between the labia, in purulent vul-
At a later period the following may be
vitis.
used:
R. Liq. Ferri Sulphatis,
Glycerinæ, aa, fзss. M.
If the above treatment be not effectual, a
solution of nitrate of silver, ten grains to the
ounce, should be used by means of a brush,
every other day, and the part kept constantly
powdered with lycopodium.
B. Acidi Hydrocyanici (Scheele's), fɔ̃ij.
Liquoris Plumbi Subacetatis, f5iv.
Aquæ, fзiij. M.
As a local application, in pruritus vulvæ.
B. Ammoniæ Muriatis, 3ij.
Tinct. Aconiti, f3ij.
Syr. Aurantii Cort., f3viij. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day in the treat-
ment of ovarian neuralgia.
R. Syr. Ipecac., fɔ̃ij.
Spts. Æther. Nit., f3j.
Syr. Simp. f3ij.
M.
One teaspoonful every three hours to a child
of six months, in coryza.
B. Pulv. Aluminis, gr. xvi-xx.
Aquæ, fзiv. M.
R. Quiniæ Sulphatis,
Ammoniæ Carbonatis, aa, 5ss.
Syrupi Senegæ,
Syrupi Acacia, āā, fзj. M.
To be well shaken. A teaspoonful every
fourth hour, in croup.
When the croup is
complicated with lobular pneumonia, give the
quinine separately.
B. Aquæ Calcis, f3j.
For one inhalation, lasting about a quarter
of an hour, and to be repeated every two
hours, as long as bad symptoms are present,
in croup.
B.
Cupri Sulphatis, gr. x-xv.
Aquæ, fij. M.
A large teaspoonful to be taken every five
minutes, until vomiting sets in, after which
give the following:
R. Potassæ Chloratis, Dij.
Potassii Iodidi, gr. viij.
Tinct. Opii Camph., m xl.
Liquor Potassæ, m xij.
Aquæ, fзij. M.
A dessertspoonful in water, every second or
third hour, in the treatment of croup.
B. Potassæ Chloratis, 5j.
Ammoniæ Muriatis, Dij.
Syrupi Simp., fɔ̃j.
Aquæ, fзij. M.
One teaspoonful every twenty minutes to a
half hour, or, in cases not severe, every two
hours. This should be continued regularly
night and day until the cough becomes looser,
or until it is evident, if the case is unfavor-
The above will be found useful when injected able, that it can be of no service, in the treat-
into the nostrils, in coryza.
B. Pulv. Zinci Oxidi, 5j.
Glycerinæ, f3j. M.
To be applied three or four times a day, in
chronic coryza.
B. Hydrargyri Sulphatis Flavæ, gr. iij-v.
For one dose, in the commencement of the
treatment of croup.
If it does not act in fif-
teen minutes give a second dose.
B. Tinct. Verat. Vir., gtt. xvj-xxx.
Ammoniæ Carbonatis, 3ss.
Syr. Tolutan.,
Syr. Acaciæ, ãā, ƒ³j. M.
A teaspoonful every second hour, in croup.
ment of croup.
R. Argenti Nitratis, 5ss.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3ij. M.
Dip a curved rod of whalebone, with a small
sponge made fast to its lower end, into this
solution, press down the tongue of the child,
and endeavor to reach the entrance of the
glottis with the sponge. There the sponge is
immediately compressed by the muscular con-
traction which takes place, whereby certainly
a portion of the liquid, if only a small one,
arrives at the larynx. Administer also half
a grain of calomel every two hours. Should
this treatment remain without effect, proceed
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
469
at once to tracheotomy, in the treatment of
croup.
R. Extracti Cubebæ Fluidi, M xl–f3j.
Syrupi Simplicis, f 3iiss. M.
Spts. Eth. Nitrosi, fiss.
Aquæ Carui, q. s. ad f3vj. M.
A tablespoonful every third hour for a child
six or seven years old, in cases of pulmonary
phthisis; at the same time the chest should
A teaspoonful three times a day, for chronic be kept covered with hot linseed-meal poul-
laryngitis in children.
B. Ammoniæ Carbonatis, gr. xvj.
Spiritûs Etheris Comp., f3iss.
Syrupi Tolutani,
Aquæ, ãã, fзj. M.
A teaspoonful every two hours, in acute
bronchitis. A stimulating expectorant for a
child a year old affected with bronchitis of
two weeks' standing; counter-irritation to be
applied to the chest by means of weak mus-
tard plasters.
R. Syr. Ipecac., f 3ss.
Liq. Potassæ Citratis, f3iiss.
Mist. Glycyrrh. Comp., f3j. M.
A teaspoonful every three hours, for a child
two years of age. Afterward, when the dis-
ease-acute bronchitis - passes into second
stage, to be changed to
R. Syrupi Scillæ, f3ij.
Tinct. Opii Camph., f3ij. M.
Thirty drops four times a day.
B. Ammoniæ Carbonatis, 3ss.
Syrupi Senegæ, fзss.
Syrupi Tolutani, f3j.
Aquæ, fзiiss.
M.
A teaspoonful three times a day, in acute
bronchitis.
R. Potassæ Citratis, j.
Syr. Aurantii, f 3ij.
Aquæ. q. s., ad fžij. M.
Two teaspoonfuls pro re natâ, in lobular
pneumonia in children.
R. Ammoniæ Carbonatis, gr. viij-xij.
Tinct. Scillæ, mxx.
Syrupi, fōij.
Decocti Senegæ, q. s. ad fŝij. M.
Two teaspoonfuls for a child three years
old, in pneumonia, complicated with bronchitis.
R. Liquor Ammoniæ Acetatis, f3iv.
Potassæ Nitratis, 5j.
Potassæ Bicarbonatis, 3iss.
tices, frequently renewed. When unabsorbed
pneumonic deposits continue, alkalies are ex-
tremely useful.
R. Olei Tiglii, f5j.
Linimenti Saponis, f3j. M.
To be rubbed into a limited spot on the
chest twice a day till pustulation, and then
once a day, for a week, in chronic pneumonic
consolidation.
R. Liquoris Ferri Pernitratis, gtt. x.
Syrupi Aurantii, f3ss.
Aquæ, fзvss.
M.
A fourth part to be given to a child three
or four years of age, four times a day, in aph-
thous stomatitis.
R. Soda Sulphitis, 3j.
Aquæ, f3j. M.
In cases where parasitic vegetable produc-
tions abound, the application of the above
solution removes the lesions in twenty-four
hours. The acid secretions of the mouth de-
compose the salt, and set free the sulphurous
acid, which destroy the parasite, in diseases of
the mouth.
R. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, f3ss.
Aquæ Bullientis, Oviij. M.
Allow the solution to become warm or tepid,
and syringe the mouth frequently with it, in
cancrum oris.
R. Potassæ Chloratis, 3j.
Mellis, f3ss.
Aquæ, f3ij. M.
One teaspoonful every two or three hours,
in ulcerous stomatitis.
R. Soda Biboratis, 3j.
Glycerinæ, f3j. M.
This wash is to be applied by a camel-hair
pencil, or with a soft cloth upon the finger or
a stick, four or five times daily, in thrush.
R. Cupri Sulphatis, 5ij.
Pulv. Cinchonæ, 3ss.
Aquæ, fзiv.
M.
To be applied very carefully, twice a day,
470
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
to the full extent of the ulcerations and exco- | B. Olei Ricini, fɔ̃ij.
riations, in gangrene of the mouth. In some
cases the following is useful :
R. Zinci Sulphatis, 3j.
Aquæ, fзj. M.
B. Soda Biboratis, Dj.
Aquæ, f³j. M.
To be used to cleanse the mouth every hour,
in cases of stomatitis in infants.
R. Potassæ Chloratis, j.
Syrupi, f5ij.
Aquæ, q. s. ad fživ. M.
The whole amount to be given in the course
of a day, to a child one year of age, in putrid
sore mouth.
B. Pulv. Pepsinæ Americanæ,
Bismuthi Subnitratis, āā, 3j.
Pulv. Opii, gr. j. M.
For twelve powders. One to be given every
three or four hours to a child a year old, in
infantile diarrhea.
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. ij.
Bismuthi Subcarbonatis, gr. xvj-xl.
Pulv. Ipecac. Comp., gr. j-ij.
Pulv. Sacchari Albi, gr. xij. M.
For eight powders. One to be taken every
three hours for two or three days, or until the
tongue and mouth become moist, and the al-
vine excretion changed in color and consist-
ency, in cholera infantum. Then the follow-
ing powders may be given, which will ordi-
narily complete the cure :
R. Bismuthi Subcarbonatis, gr. xvj-xl.
Pulv. Ipecac. Comp., gr. j-ij.
Pulv. Aromatici, gr. viij-xvj.
Pulv. Sacchari Albi, gr. xij. M.
For eight powders. One to be taken every
three or four hours, in the mother's or cow's
milk.
B. Acidi Gallici, gr. xij.
Tinct. Cinnamomi, fɔ̃iss.
Tinct. Opii, m viij.
Aquæ Carui, q. s. ad f3ij. M.
Dose. Two teaspoonfuls for a child two
years old, with chronic diarrhea and irritable
stomach.
Pulv. Acaciæ, 3j.
Tinct. Opii, m viij.
Syrupi, f3ij.
Aquæ Carui, q. s. ad f3ij. M.
Dose, a teaspoonful for a child six years old,
in dysenteric diarrhea.
R. Magnesiæ Sulphatis, 3j.
Tinct. Opii, gtt. xij.
Syr. Simp., f3ss.
Aquæ Menth. Pip., f3iiss. M.
Dose, at one or two years, a teaspoonful
every two or three hours. For older children,
the proportion of magnesia and laudanum
should be doubled. If this fails, recourse
must be had to an astringent as the following:
R. Tinct. Krameriæ, f3j-ij.
Misturæ Cretæ, f 3ij. M..
Dose, a teaspoonful repeated as above.
R. Tinct. Nucis Vomicæ, f5ss.
Tinct. Gentianæ Comp., f3iij.
Syrupi Simp., f3v.
Aquæ, fзij. M.
Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day, after
meals, for children of three or four years of
age, as a tonic in the chronic form of simple
diarrhea. Wine of pepsin is also useful in
such cases, in doses of half a teaspoonful three
times a day.
R. Tinct. Opii, gtt. xij.
Mist. Cretæ, f3jss. M.
One teaspoonful every two or three hours to
an infant one year old, in infantile diarrhea.
B. Creasoti, gtt. j.
p.
Aquæ Calcis, f3ij. M.
Dose, one teaspoonful with a teaspoonful of
milk, breast milk if the infant nurses, repeated
P. r. n. for the vomiting, so frequent in the
summer epidemics of intestinal inflammation
in the cities. Or the following may be used:
R. Potassæ Bicarbonatis, gr. xxv.
Acidi Citrici, gr. xvij.
Aquæ Amygdalæ Amaræ, f3j.
Aquæ, f3ij. M.
Dose, one teaspoonful to a child from eight
to twelve months old, repeated according to
the nausea or vomiting.
SELECT PRESCRIPTIONS.
471
B. Aluminis, gr. vj.
Syrupi Acaciæ, f 3iij. M.
A teaspoonful three times a day. This will
sometimes check diarrhoea which has been un-
influenced by other remedies.
R. Soda Carbonatis, 3j.
Aquæ, fivj. M.
R. Extracti Belladonnæ, gr. j.
Aluminis, 5ss.
Syr. Zingiberis,
Syr. Acaciæ,
Aquæ, àã, f³j. M.
A teaspoonful morning, noon, and night, also
once in the night if the cough be troublesome,
in hooping-cough.
In summer the entire quantity of milk to be
consumed in the twenty-four hours, should be
rendered alkaline immediately upon its arrival.
at the house, by adding a tablespoonful of this
solution to every five ounces of milk. If this
direction be followed it will become speedily
evident that intestinal catarrhs may often be
avoided.
R. Chloral Hydratis, 3ij.
Syrupi Tolutani,
Aquæ, aa, fзij. M.
A tablespoonful every night on going to bed,
in nocturnal incontinence of urine.
R. Acidi Hydrocyanici Diluti, m j.
Syr. Simp., f3j. M.
A teaspoonful for a child six months old,
two or three times a day, in pertussis.
R. Argenti Iodureti, gr. x.
Sacchari Albi, gr. lxx.
Pulv. Gummi Tragacanthæ, gr. viij-x. M.
Rub well together, moisten with a few drops
of water, make pill mass, and divide into eighty
pills. Give one three to five times a day to a
child two or three years old, for hooping-
cough.
R. Extracti Aconiti, gr. j.
Aquæ Laurocerasi, f5j.
Syrup. Ipecacuanhæ, f3j.
Mucil. Acaciæ, f 3vj. M.
Acidi Carbolici, 3j.
Alcoholis Diluti, f3ij. M.
Mix a teaspoonful of this with a tablespoon-
ful of water, and use as a gargle for the in-
flamed throat, in scarlatina. Or the following
may be used:
R. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, f5ss.
Glycerinæ,
Aquæ, ãã, fзiss. M.
B. Potassæ Chloratis, 3j.
Acidi Muriatis,
Aquæ, aa, fзj. M.
From two to eight drops of this to a table-
spoonful of water may be given every two
hours in scarlatina. Or the following:
B. Ammoniæ Carbonatis, Dij-iv.
Liquor. Ammoniæ Acetatis, f3iijss.
Syrupi Simplicis, f3ss. M.
From a half to a whole tablespoonful in a
little water every one or two hours, according
to the age of the patient and the urgency of
the symptoms. Apply rind of bacon around
the neck. A dose of tinct. ferri chloridi every
twelve hours in the early stages, where the
tendency to diphtheria, anæmia, or other mani-
Dose, föj-ij every hour for a child, and f3ss. festations of blood poisoning, are present, is
for an adult, in hooping-cough.
very important.
472 FORMULÆ AND DOSES FOR HYPODERMIC MEDICATION.
FORMULÆ AND DOSES OF MEDICINES FOR HYPO-
DERMIC MEDICATION.
ARSENIC.
R. Liquoris Potassæ Arsenitis,
Aquæ Destillatæ, āã, miij. M.
For one injection, gradually increased to
mxiv of Fowler's solution.
Prof. Roberts Bartholow suggests that liquor
soda arsenitis-in doses of mv, x, or even xv,
on every other day-as less irritating than
Fowler's solution.
Dr. Radcliffe has used arsenic hypodermi-
cally with benefit, in cases of chorea, neuralgia,
epilepsy, and other nervous affections.
ATROPIA.
B. Atropiæ Sulphatis, gr. ij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Five minims
=
= gr. 1-48th.
With this formula the dose can be better
regulated than with stronger solutions.
Dose, from gr. 1-60th to 1-6th.
R. Atropiæ Valerianatis, gr. v.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
This solution has been used with benefit in
tetanus, injected in the dose of five drops in
the nape of the neck.
ATROPIA AND MORPHIA.
R. Morphic Sulphatis, gr. xvj.
Atropiæ Sulphatis, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Filter.
=
CAFFEIN.
B. Caffeini Puri, gr. vj.
Alcoholis,
Aquæ Destillatæ, ãã, föj. M.
Twenty minims gr. j for one injection.
R. Caffeini Citratis, gr. j.
Glycerinæ, gtt. xxiv. M.
For one injection.
Used in neuralgia, hysterical headache, and
opium poisoning.
Prof. Bartholow suggests that as there is no
incompatibility, caffein and atropia be used at
the same time hypodermically in cases of opium
narcosis.
R. Coniæ, gr. ij.
CONIA.
Alcoholis, f3ij. M.
Dissolve and add,
Aquæ Destillatæ, f5ij. M.
Gtt. j
gr. 1-120th.
R. Coniæ, gr. ss.
Alcoholis, f3ss.
Dissolve and add,
M.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3iss. M.
Five minims
gr. 1-48th.
As these solutions quickly decompose, they
should be freshly made for use.
Used in the treatment of tetanus, asthma,
emphysema, angina pectoris, &c.
Five minims gr. 1-6th of morphia and gr.
1-96th of atropia. Or, combine f5j of solution
of atropia with f3iv of the above solution, R.
making a solution of which five minims gr.
of morphia, and gr. 1-95th of atropia.
Used in insomnia, in the proportion of gr.
1-120th to 1-96th of atropia to gr. to of
morphia; neuralgia; epilepsy; asthma; an-
gina pectoris; spermatorrhoea-atropia in ex-
cess; pelvic and uterine pain; rheumatic ar-
thritis; muscular and acute rheumatism-in
all such cases atropia in excess.
Dose, from gr. 1-120th to 1-160th.
DATURIA.
Daturiæ, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3ij. M.
Gtt. iv
=
gr. 1-30th.
DIGITALIN
R. Digitalin, gr. ss.
Alcoholis,
Aquæ, àã, ƒ³j. M.
Gtt. iv
= gr. 1-60th.
FORMULÆ AND DOSES FOR HYPODERMIC MEDICATION. 473
R. Digitalin, gr. j.
Glycerinæ,
Aquæ Destillatæ, ãã, fɔ̃ij. M.
The doses employed have been from gr.
1-100th to gr. 1-5th.
R. Ergotini, gr. ij.
Alcoholis,
ERGOT.
Glycerinæ, aa, fзss.
Five minims
M.
gr. 1-6th.
R. Extracti Ergotæ Fluidi, mxv.
For one dose.
Dose, about gr. 1-6th of ergotin; from gtt.
X-XV or more of the fluid extract of ergot (U.
S. P.).
Used in post-partem hemorrhage, epistaxis,
&c., and in internal aneurism.
ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DI-
LUTUM.
R. Acidi Hydrocyanici Diluti, Mij-iv.
For one injection. For ordinary purposes
the smaller dose should be preferred. It may
be frequently repeated, as its influence is soon
dissipated.
This remedy is useful in functional nausea
and vomiting, in gastralgia, and in mental
disorders.
MERCURY.
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Ten minims gr. 1-48th.
Used in the treatment of constitutional
syphilis.
MORPHIA.
R. Morphiæ Acetatis, gr. x.
Acidi Acetici, mj.
Aquæ, q. s. ad fɔ̃j.
Liquoris Potassæ, mj. M.
One minim = gr. 1-6th.
R. Morphiæ Acetatis, gr. iij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Five minims
gr. 1.
R. Morphiæ Acetatis, Dj.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Six minims = gr. 4.
Ę. Morphiæ Acetatis, 9j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fɔ̃ij. M.
Six minims
gr. j.
==
R. Morphiæ Acetatis, gr. xxx.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f5ij. M.
Six minims = gr.
gr. iss.
R. Morphiæ Muriatis, gr. iv.
Acidi Muriatici, gtt. iv.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fɔ̃j. M.
Three minims =
gr. 1-5th.
The objection to this solution is its acidity,
which often provokes pain and local irritation.
R. Morphiæ Sulphatis, gr. xvj.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Dissolve and filter.
Five minims
gr. 1-6th.
The advantage of this solution is that it con-
tains no acid, and pure water causes very little
irritation.
Used in neuralgia, delirium tremens, hys-
teria, epilepsy, insomnia, chorea, tetanus, hy-
drophobia, asthma, catarrh, emphysema,
pleurisy, dyspepsia, cholera, colic, vomiting
of pregnancy, urinary affections, and as an an-
tidote to the toxic effects of atropia, strychnia,
and digitaline.
The dose in commencing should not exceed
one-third of that ordinarily adninistered in-
ternally.
NICOTIA.
R. Nicotia, gr. ss.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3ij. M.
Four minims
Dose, gr. 1-60th.
gr. 1-60th.
Employed in cases of traumatic tetanus. It
is a physiological antagonist to strychnia.
PHYSOSTIGMA.
R. Extracti Physostigmæ, gr. ij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f5j. M.
Filter.
Ten minims
gr..
This solution must be prepared when wanted,
as it soon becomes unfit for use. Its acidity
should be neutralized by carbonate of soda.
Dose, gr. of the extract to begin with.
Tetanus and chorea have both been treated
with success by this remedy. In the first-
named affection it probably stands at the head
of all known remedial agents. It is also em-
ployed in strychnia poisoning.
474 FORMULÆ AND DOSES OF MEDICINES FOR INHALATION.
QUINIA.
B. Quiniæ Sulphatis, 5j.
Acidi Sulphurici Diluti, mxl.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3j. M.
Dose, fifteen to thirty minims.
Carefully filter.
Inject where the areolar tissue is abun-
dant.
R. Quiniæ, gr. viij.
Etheris, f3j. M.
B. Quiniæ, gr. iss.
Acidi Nitrici Diluti, mj.
Aqua Destillatæ, mxv.
For one injection.
M.
Used in the treatment of intermittent fever.
R. Quiniæ Sulphatis, gr. iij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f5j.
Acidi Sulphurici Diluti, q. s. M.
To make a neutral solution.
Gtt. 10 =
gr. 1.
STRYCHNIA.
R. Strychniæ Sulphatis, gr. ij.
Aquæ Destillatæ, fзj. M.
Five minims
gr. 1-48th.
R. Strychniæ Sulphatis, gr. j.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f3ij.
Five minims
M.
gr. 1-24th.
B. Strychniæ Sulphatis, gr. ij.
Aquæ, f3ij. M.
One minim = gr. 1-60th.
R. Strychniæ Sulphatis, gr. ij.
Glycerinæ, f5ss.
Aquæ Destillatæ, f 5iss. M.
One minim
gr. 1-60th.
All these solutions become unfit for use if kept
long on hand.
The subcutaneous injection of strychnia is
principally used in cases of paralysis and neu-
ralgia, sciatica, &c.
Dose, from 1-120th to 1-6th of a grain.
WOORARA.
R. Wooraræ, gr. j.
Alcoholis, gtt. clx. M.
Eight minims gr. 1-20th.
Dose, from 1-60th to 1-20th.
Used in tetanus and epilepsy.
FORMULÆ AND DOSES OF MEDICINES FOR
INHALATION.
[THE DOSES ARE CALCULATED FOR AN ORDINARY STEAM ATOMIZER.]
B. Acidi Carbolici Fluidi, gtt. iij-x to Aquæ Ę. Ammonia Muriatis, gr. ij-3ij to Aquæ f³j.
f3j.
In phthisis.
R. Acidi Tannici, gr. i-xx to Aquæ f³j.
In chronic catarrhal affections, oedema of
glottis, and laryngeal ulcerations. In ordi-
nary laryngitis, and in bronchitis, begin with
small doses, and discontinue if much heat and
dryness be produced. (Da Costa.)
To promote expectoration in acute and
chronic laryngeal and bronchial catarrh, and
in capillary bronchitis. Siegle says the dose
best borne is not above gr. x to f 3j.
. Aquæ Destillatæ, f³j.
Warm in inflammatory and spasmodic affec-
tions; cold in hemorrhage.
R. Aquæ Amygdala Amaræ, f³j.
R. Aluminis, gr. v-xxx to Aquæ f³j.
Particularly useful in cases of excessive se-
cretion from bronchia. (Da Costa.) In large
doses employed in pulmonary hemorrhage.
More sedative and better suited to irritable. Aquæ Asafoetidæ, f3j.
conditions than tannin.
A sedative in painful affections of upper air-
passages and paroxysmal cough.
Used in asthma with emphysema.
FORMULÆ AND DOSES OF MEDICINES FOR INHALATION. 475
R. Aqua Calcis, f 3j.
In diphtheria and membranous croup.
R. Aquæ Picis Liquidæ, föj-ij to Aquæ f3j.
In offensive bronchial secretions; in gan-
grene of the lungs; and in tuberculosis.
B. Argenti Nitratis, gr. i-x to Aquæ f3j.
In ulcerations and in follicular pharyngitis.
A face-shield always to be worn.
The largest
dose only in cases of ulceration.
R. Iodinii Tincturæ, gtt. i-xx to Aquæ f3j.
In inflammatory affections of the larynx and
pharynx.
R. Iodinii Liq. Compositi, mij-xv to Aquæ
f3j.
In chronic bronchitis and in phthisis.
R. Liq. Potassæ Arsenitis, mi-xx to Aquæ
f3j.
Nervous asthma.
R. Atropiæ Sulphatis, gr. 1-40th to Aquæ f3j.. Liq. Soda Chloridi, f3ss.-f3j to Aquæ f3j.
A dangerous inhalation.
B. Cadinii Olei, gtt. i-ij to Aquæ f³j.
In the chronic catarrh of emphysema.
R. Cannabis Indica Ext., gr. -j to Aquæ f3j.
In spasmodic and irritative coughs; phthisis.
R. Cannabis Indica Tinct., m v-x to Aquæ
f3j.
Uses. Same as extract.
R. Conii Extracti, gr. i-vj to Aquæ f³j.
In irritative coughs and in asthma.
R. Conii Extracti Fluidi, miij-viij to Aquæ
f3j.
Used for the same purposes as above.
R. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. i-xx to Aquæ f3j.
In chronic inflammations and ulcerations.
R. Ferri Lactatis, gr. i-ij to Aquæ fзj.
In anæmia.
R. Ferri Chloridi, gr. -ij to Aquæ f³j.
In the earlier stages of phthisis, and in hys-
terical aphonia. To be used stronger in chronic
pharyngitis and laryngitis. In pulmonary
hemorrhage, gr. ij-x to Aquæ f3j.
R. Ferri Sulphatis Liquidæ, m x-xl to Aquæ
f3j.
In pulmonary hemorrhage.
R. Hyoscyami Extracti, gr. to Aquæ f3j.
In phthisis and in the offensive and copious
expectoration of chronic bronchitis.
R. Morphiæ Acetatis, gr. - to Aquæ f³j.
In irritative coughs, and for its constitu-
tional effects.
B. Opii Extracti, gr. - to Aquæ fзj.
Used for the same purposes as Morph. Acet.
B. Opii Tincturæ, gtt. iij-x to Aquæ f³j.
Employed for the same affections as the
Morph. Acet.
P. Plumbi Acetatis, gr. iij-x to Aquæ f³j.
In obstinate, troublesome colds not yielding
to other medicament.
B. Potassæ Carbonatis, gr. x-3ij to Aquæ f³j.
Same as Ammonia Murias. Particularly
useful in follicular pharyngitis.
R. Potassæ Chloratis, gr. x-xx to Aquæ fзj.
In chronic and subacute catarrhal affections,
particularly when there is a feeling of dryness.
B. Potassii Bromidi, gr. i-x to Aquæ f³j.
In laryngeal croup.
R. Potassii Iodidi, gr. ij-xx to Aquæ f³j.
In granular inflammations. In chronic
bronchitis with emphysema.
Ę. Sodii Chloridi, gr. v-xx to Aquæ f³j.
In phthisis. It promotes expectoration, and
diminishes sputa.
In hooping cough and spasmodic coughs. . Terebinthinæ Olei Rect., gtt. i-ij to Aquæ
The strength of this solution may be gradu-
ally increased. The fluid extract may be used
in doses of m iij-x to Aquæ f³j.
f3j.
In chronic bronchitis with offensive secre-
tions; bronchorrhoea; gangrene of the lungs.
476
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
DOSES.-POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
(FROM DR. GARROD'S MATERIA MEDICA )
Absinthium (in powder),
Acetum,
Acetum Scillæ,
Acidum Aceticum Dilutum,
Acidum Arseniosum,
Acidum Benzoicum,
•
·
•
20 gr. to 40 gr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr., diluted.
15 min. to 40 min.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr., freely diluted.
1-60th gr.,
1-24th gr., 1-12th gr.
10 gr. to 15 gr.
Acidum Carbolicum,
1
gr. to 3 gr.
Acidum Citricum,
Acidum Gallicum,
Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum,
Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum,
Acidum Nitricum,
Acidum Nitricum Dilutum,
•
·
Acidum Nitro-Hydrochloricum Dilutum,
Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum,
Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum,
•
Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum,
Acidum Sulphurosum,
Acidum Tannicum,
Acidum Tartaricum,
Aconitum (leaves),
Æther,
Aloe Barbadensis (in powder),
Aloe Socotrina (in powder),
Alumen (as an astringent),
Alumen (as a purgative),
•
Ammoniacum (the gum-resin),
Ammonia Benzoas,
Ammoniæ Bicarbonas,
Ammonia Carbonas (as a stimulant),
Ammoniæ Carbonas (as an emetic),
Ammoniæ Phosphas,
·
•
10 gr. to 30 gr.
2 gr. to 10 gr., or more.
10 min. to 30 min., freely diluted.
2 min. to 8 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
10 min. to 30 min.
5 min. to 20 min., freely diluted.
13 min. to 30 min., freely diluted.
5 min. to 30 min.
5 min. to 30 min.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
2 gr. to 10 gr., or more.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
2 gr. to 10 gr.
20 min. to 60 min.
2 gr. to 6 gr.
2 gr. to 6 gr.
·
10 gr. to 20 gr.
30 gr. to 60 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
3 gr. to 10 gr.
30 gr., freely diluted.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
Ammonii Bromidum,
Ammonii Chloridum,
Antimonii Oxidum,
Antimonium Nigrum,
Antimonium Tartaratum (as a diaphoretic
expectorant), .
Antimonium Tartaratum (as a vascular de-
pressant or sedative),
Antimonium Tartaratum (as an emetic),
Aqua,
Aqua Anethi,
•
2 gr. to 20 gr.
5 gr. to 30 gr.
1 gr. to 4
to 4 gr.
1 gr. to 5 gr.
1-16th gr. to 1-6th gr.
•
1-6th gr. to 2 gr.
1 gr. to 3 gr.
ad libitum.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.; for infants, 1 fl.
dr. to 2 fl. dr.
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
477
·
•
•
Aqua Camphoræ,
Aqua Carui,
•
Aqua Cinnamomi,
Aqua Foeniculi,
Aqua Floris Aurantii,
Aqua Laurocerasi,
Aqua Mentha Piperitæ,
Aqua Mentha Viridis,
Aqua Pimentæ,
Aqua Rosa,
Aqua Sambuci,
Argenti Nitras,
Argenti Oxidum,
•
Asafoetida (the gum-resin),
Auri et Sodii Chloridum,
Auri Terchloridum,
Auri Teroxidum,
Aurum (in powder),
Balsamum Peruvianum,
Balsamum Tolutanum,
Barii Chloridum,
Beberiæ Sulphas,
Benzoicum (the balsam),
Bismuthi Carbonas,
•
Bismuthi Subnitras,
Borax,
Bucco (powdered leaves),
Calcii Chloridum,
Calcis Carbonas Precipitata,
•
Calcis Phosphas,
Calomel (as a purgative),
Calomel (as an alterative),
Calumba (in powder),
Cambogia (the powdered resin),
Camphora,
Canella (in powder),
Capsicum (in powder),
·
·
•
•
•
.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
·
•
•
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
5 min. to 30 min.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1-6th gr. to 1-3d gr.
gr. to 2 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
1-15th gr. and upwards.
1-20th gr. and upwards.
1-10th gr. and upwards.
1 gr. to 1 gr.
10 min. to 15 min.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
gr. to 2 gr.
1 gr. to 20 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
5 gr. to 40 gr.
20 gr. to 40 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
10 gr. to 60 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
2 gr. to 5 gr.
gr. to 1 gr., frequently repeated.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
1 gr. to 4 gr.
1 gr. to 10 gr.
15 gr. to 30 gr.
gr. to 1 gr.
Carbo Animalis Purificatus (as an antidote), oz. to 2 oz.
Carbo Ligni,
Cardamomum (powdered cardamoms),.
Caryophyllum (cloves in powder),
Cascarilla (powdered bark),
Cassia (the prepared pulp),
•
Castoreum (in substance),
Catechu (in powder),
Cerevisiæ Fermentum,
Cerii Oxalas,
Chloral Hydrat,
Chloroformum,
Cinchona (the powdered bark),
Cinchoniæ Hydrochloras,
•
20 gr. to 60 gr.
•
•
•
5 gr. to 20 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
120 gr. and upwards.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
oz. to 1 oz.
1 gr. to 2 gr.
5 gr. to 45 gr.
3 min. to 10 min.
•
10 gr. to 60 gr.
1 gr. to 10 gr.
478
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
Cinchoniæ Sulphas,
Cinchonidine Sulphas,
•
Cinnamomum (powdered bark),
Colchicum (the powdered corm),
Colocynth (the powdered pulp),
Confectio Opii,
Confectio Piperis,
•
Confectio Rosa Caninæ,
Confectio Rose Gallicæ,
Confectio Scammonii,
Confectio Sennæ,
Confectio Sulphuris,
Confectio Terebinthinæ,
1 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr. to 10 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
•
2 gr. to 8 gr.
•
2 gr. to 8 gr.
•
Conii Folia,
Copaiba,
Cobaiba Oleum,
Coriandrum (the powdered fruit),
Cortex Winteri,
Creosotum,
Creta Præparata,
Crocus (dried),
Cubeba (the powder),
Cubeba Oleum,
•
Cundurango (in powder),
Cupri Sulphas (as an astringent or tonic),
Cupri Sulphas (as an emetic),
Cusparia (in powder),
Cusso,
Decoctum Aloes Compositum,
Decoctum Cetrariæ,
Decoctum Chimaphila (Lond., 1851),
Decoctum Cinchonæ Flavæ,
Decoctum Cydonii (Lond., 1851),
Decoctum Granati Radicis,
•
•
•
•
•
•
5 gr. to 20 gr.
60 gr. to 120 gr.
60 gr., or more.
60 gr., or more.
10 gr. to 30 gr., or more.
60 gr. to 120 gr.
60 gr. to 120 gr.
60 gr. to 120 gr.
2 gr. to 8 gr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 20 min.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
30 gr. to 60 gr.
1 min. to 3 min.
10 gr. to 60 gr.
20 gr., upwards.
30 gr. to 120 gr.
5 min. to 20 min.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
gr. to 2 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
10 gr. to 40 gr.
4 oz. to ½ oz.
fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz.
•
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
Decoctum Hæmatoxyli,
Decoctum Hordei, .
Decoctum Pareiræ,
Decoctum Quercûs,
Decoctum Sarsæ,
Decoctum Sarsæ Compositum,
Decoctum Scoparii,
Decoctum Taraxaci,
•
•
Decoctum Tormentillæ (Lond., 1851),
Decoctum Ulmi,
Digitalinum,.
Digitalis Folia,
Elaterium,
•
Ergota (the powdered ergot),
Essentia Anisi,
Essentia Mentha Piperitæ,
•
•
·
•
•
•
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
ad libitum.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
2 fl. oz. to 10 fl. oz.
2 fl. oz. to 10 fl. oz.
2 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz
2 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
2 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz.
1-60th gr. to 1-30th gr.
gr. to 11 gr.
1-16th gr. to gr.
20 gr. to 30 gr.
10 min. to 20 min.
10 min. to 20 min.
Extractum Aconiti (from juice),
•
·
1 gr. to 2 gr.
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
479
Extractum Aloes Barbadensis,
Extractum Aloes Socotrinæ, .
Extractum Anthemidis,
Extractum Belæ Liquidum,
Extractum Belladonnæ,
·
·
2 gr. to 6 gr.
2 gr. to 6 gr.
2 gr. to 10 gr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
4
gr. to 1 gr.
Extractum Calumbæ,
•
Extractum Cannabis Indicæ,
Extractum Cinchona Flava Liquidum,
Extractum Colchici,
Extractum Colchici Aceticum,
Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum,
Extractum Conii,
•
Extractum Ergotæ Liquidum,
Extractum Gentianæ,
Extractum Filicis Liquidum,
Extractum Glycyrrhizæ,
Extractum Hæmatoxyli,
Extractum Hyoscyami,
Extractum Jalapæ,
Extractum Krameriæ,
•
2 gr. to 10 gr.
gr. to 1 gr.
10 min. to 33 min.
gr. to 2 gr.
gr. to 2 gr.
3 gr. to 10 gr.
2 gr. to 6 gr.
10 min. to 30 min.
15 min. to 30 min.
2 gr. to 10 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 15 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
Extractum Lactucæ,
Extractum Lupuli,
Extractum Nucis Vomicæ,
Extractum Opii,
Extractum Opii Liquidum,
Extractum Papaveris,
•
•
Extractum Pareira,
Extractum Pareira Liquidum,
Extractum Physostigmatis,
Extractum Quassiæ,
Extractum Rhei,
Extractum Sarsæ Liquidum,.
Extractum Stramonii,
Extractum Taraxaci,
5 gr. to 15 gr.
5 gr. to 15 gr.
•
•
•
gr. to 2 gr.
gr. to 2 gr.
10 min. to 40 min.
2 gr. to 5 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
1-16th gr. to gr.
3 gr. to 5 gr.
5 gr. to 15 gr.
2 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
gr. togr.
5 gr. to 30 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
1-16th gr. to gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
·
4
Fel Bovinum (purif.),
Ferri Arsenias,
•
Ferri Carbonas Saccharata,
Ferri et Ammoniæ Citras,
Ferri et Quiniæ Citras,
Ferri Iodidum,
•
5 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr. to 5 gr.
Ferri Oxidum Magneticum,
Ferri Perchloridi Liquor,
Ferri Pernitratis Liquor,
Ferri Peroxidum, .
Ferri Peroxidum Humidum,
Ferri Peroxidum Hydratum.
Ferri Phosphas,
Ferri Sulphas,
Ferri Sulphas Exsiccata,
Ferri Sulphas Granulata,
Ferrum Redactum,
·
•
5 gr. to 10 gr.
3 min. to 10 min.
30 min. to 1 fl. dr.
10 gr. to 60 gr. or more.
oz. to oz.
5 gr. to 30 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr. to 5 gr.
gr. to 3 gr.
•
1 gr. to 5 gr.
1 gr. to 5 gr.
480
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
Ferrum Tartaratum,
Filix (of the powdered root),
Galbanum (the gum-resin),
Gentiana (in powder),
Glycerinum,
•
•
Guaiacum (the powdered resin),
Hydrargyri Perchloridum,
Hydrargyri Subchloridum,
Hydrargyri Sulphuretum (for fumigation),
Hydrargyrum cum Cretâ,
Hydrargyrum Iodidum Rubrum,
Hydrargyrum Iodidum Viride,
Infusum Anthemidis,
Infusum Aurantii,
•
Infusum Aurantii Compositum,
Infusum Buchu,
Infusum Calumbæ,
Infusum Caryophylli,
Infusum Cascarillæ,
Infusum Catechu, .
Infusum Chiratæ,
•
Infusum Cinchonæ Flavæ,
Infusum Cuspariæ,
Infusum Cusso,
Infusum Digitalis,
•
•
•
•
•
5 gr. to 10 gr.
60 gr. to 120 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
1-16th gr. to gr.
gr. to 5 gr.
30 gr. and upwards.
1
3 gr. to 8 gr.
1-16th gr. to 4 gr.
1 gr. to 3 gr.
1 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
•
1 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
4 fl. oz. to 8 fl. oz.
2 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
Infusum Dulcamara,
Infusum Ergotæ,
Infusum Gentianæ Compositum,
Infusum Krameriæ,
Infusum Lini,
Infusum Lupuli,
Infusum Maticæ,
•
•
•
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
ad libitum.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
Infusum Quassiæ,
Infusum Rhei,
Infusum Rose Acidum,
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
Infusum Senegæ,
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
•
Infusum Sennæ,
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
Infusum Serpentariæ,
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
Infusum Uvæ Ursi,
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
Infusum Valerianæ,
Inula (in powder),
Iodum,
•
Ipecacuanha (in powder, as an emetic),
Ipecacuanha (in powder, as an expectorant),
Jalapa (powder),
Jalapa Resina,
Kamela,
Kino (in powder), .
Krameria (in powder), .
Lactucarium,
Liquor Ammoniæ,
·
•
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
30 gr. to 60 gr.
gr., gradually increased.
15 gr. to 30 gr.
gr. to 2 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
2 gr. to 5 gr.
30 gr. to oz.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
5 gr. to 30 gr.
10 min. to 30 min.
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
481
Liquor Ammoniæ Acetatis,
•
Liquor Ammoniæ Citratis,
Liquor Ammonia Fortior,
Liquor Arsenicalis,
Liquor Arsenici et Hydrargyri Hydriodatis.
(Donovan's solution),
Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus, .
Liquor Bismuthi et Ammoniæ Citratis,
Liquor Calcis,
Liquor Calcis Saccharatus,
Liquor Chlori,
Liquor Ferri Perchloridi,
Liquor Ferri Pernitratis,
•
•
Liquor Hydrargyri Perchloridi,
Liquor Lithiæ Effervescens,
Liquor Magnesiæ Carbonatis,
Liquor Morphiæ Acetatis,
Liquor Morphiæ Hydrochloratis, .
Liquor Potassæ,
Liquor Potassæ Effervescens,
Liquor Potassæ Permanganatis,
Liquor Sodæ,
Liquor Soda Arseniatis,
Liquor Soda Chloratis, .
Liquor Soda Effervescens,
Liquor Strychniæ,
Lithiæ Carbonas,
Lithiæ Citras,
Lupulin,
Magnesia,
Magnesiæ Carbonas,
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2 fl. dr. to 6 fl. dr.
2 fl. dr. to 6 fl. dr.
3 min. to 10 min., freely diluted.
2 min. to 8 min.
10 min. to fl. dr.
2 min. to 8 min.
f. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
1 fl. oz. to 4 fl. oz.
15 min. to 60 min.
10 min. to 20 min.
10 min. to 30 min.
10 min. to 40 min.
} fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
5 fl. oz. to 10 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
10 min. to 60 min.
10 min. to 60 min.
15 min. to 60 min.
5 fl. oz. to 10 fl. oz.
2 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
10 min. to 1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 10 min.
10 min. to 20 min.
5 fl. oz. to 10 fl. oz.
5 min. to 10 min.
3 gr. to 6 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
10 gr. to 60 gr.
•
10 gr. to 60 gr.
•
10 gr. to 60 gr.
½
60 gr. to oz., or more.
Magnesiæ Carbonas Levis,
Magnesia Sulphas,
Manganesii Sulphas (as a purgative),
Manna, .
Mastiche (resin, in powder),
Matico (in powder),
Mistura Ammoniaci,
Mistura Amygdalæ,
•
Mistura Creasoti,
Mistura Cretæ,
·
Mistura Ferri Aromatica,
Mistura Ferri Composita,
Mistura Gentianæ,
Mistura Guaiaci,
•
·
•
•
60 gr. to 120 gr.
60 gr. to 1 oz.
20 gr. to 40 gr.
30 gr. to 60 gr.
fl. oz. to 1 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
fl. oz. to 1 fl. oz.
fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.
fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz. (for a child).
Mistura Scammonii,
Mistura Sennæ Composita,
Mistura Spiritûs Vini Gallici,
Morphiæ Acetas,
Morphiæ Hydrochloras,
Moschus,
·
•
1 fl. oz. to 1 fl. oz.
1 oz. to 2 oz.
gr. to gr.
gr. to gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
31
482
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE,
Mucilago Acaciæ, .
Mucilago Tragacanthæ,
Myristica (in powder), .
Myrrh (in powder),
Nux Vomica (in powder),
Oleum Amygdalæ Dulce,
Oleum Anethi,
Oleum Anisi,
Oleum Anthemidis,
Oleum Cajuputi,
Oleum Carui,
Oleum Caryophylli,
Oleum Cinnamomi,
Oleum Copaibæ,
Oleum Coriandri,
Oleum Crotonis,
Oleum Cubebæ,
Oleum Juniperi,
·
•
•
ad libitum.
1 fl. oz., and upwards.
5 gr. to 15 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
1 gr. to 3 gr.
1 fl. dr. to ½ fl. oz.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
•
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
5 min. to 20 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
min. to 1 min.
5 min. to 20 min.
1 min. to 10 min.
Oleum Lavendulæ,
Oleum Limonis,
Oleum Menthæ Piperitæ,
Oleum Menthæ Viridis,
Oleum Morrhuæ,
Oleum Myristicæ,
•
Oleum Olivæ,
Oleum Pimentæ,
•
•
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
•
•
1 min. to 5 min.
1 fl. dr. to 8 fl. dr.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 f. dr. to 1 fl. oz.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 fl. dr. to 8 fl. dr.
Oleum Pulegii,
Oleum Ricini,
Oleum Rosmarini,
•
Oleum Rutæ, .
Oleum Sabinæ,
Oleum Sassafras,
Oleum Terebinthinæ (as stimulant and di-
uretic),
Oleum Terebinthinæ (as an anthelmintic pur-
gative),
•
Opium (powdered),
Oxymel,
Oxymel Scillæ,
Pareira (in powder),
Pepsina,
Pepsina Porci,
Petroleum,
Phosphorus,
·
Pilula Aloes Barbadensis,
Pilula Aloes et Asafœtidæ,
Pilula Aloes et Ferri,
Pilula Aloes et Myrrhæ,
Pilula Aloes Socotrinæ,
Pilula Asafoetidæ Composita,
Pilula Cambogia Composita,
Pilula Colocynthidis Composita,
·
·
·
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
1 min. to 5 min.
10 min. to 20 min.
•
·
2 fl. dr. to 6 fl. dr.
gr. to 2 gr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
f. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
30 gr. to 60 gr.
15 gr. to 20 gr.
2 gr. to 4 gr.
30 min. to 1 fl. dr.
1-40th gr. to 1-10th gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
6 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5. gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
483
Pilula Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami,
Pilula Conii Composita,
·
•
gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
3 gr. to 8 gr.
3 gr. to 8 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
gr. to 5 gr.
Pilula Ferri Carbonatis,
Pilula Ferri Iodidi,
Pilula Hydrargyri,
Pilula Hydrargyri Subchloridi Composita,
Pilula Ipecacuan hæ cum Scilla,
Pilula Plumbi cum Opio,
Pilula Quiniæ,
Pilula Rhei Composita,
Pilula Saponis Composita,
Pilula Scillæ Composita,
Pimenta (powder),
Piper (nigrum),
•
5 gr. to 20 gr.
•
•
2 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
3 gr. to 5 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
Piperina,
Plumbi Acetas,
Plumbi Iodidum,
•
Podophyllum (in powder),
Podophylli Resina (podophyllin), .
Potassa Sulphurata,
Potassæ Acetas,
Potassæ Bicarbonas,
Potassæ Carbonas,
Potassæ Chloras,
•
·
5 gr. to 10 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr. to 4 gr.
4 gr. to 1 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
gr. to one gr.
3 gr. to 6 gr., freely diluted.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
10 gr. to 40 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
Potassæ Citras,
Potassæ Nitras,
Potassæ Sulphas (as a purgative),
Potassæ Tartras,
Potassæ Tartras Acida,
Potassii Bromidum,
Potassii Iodidum,
20 gr. to 60 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
15 gr. to 60 gr.
60 gr. to oz.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
5 gr. to 30 gr.
Pulvis Amygdala Compositus,
•
Pulvis Antimonialis,
Pulvis Aromaticus,
Pulvis Catechu Compositus,
Pulvis Crete Aromaticus,
Pulvis Crete Aromaticus cum Opio,
Pulvis Ipecacuanha Compositus,
•
Pulvis Jalapa Compositus,
Pulvis Kino Compositus,
Pulvis Opii Compositus,
•
•
Pulvis Rhei Compositus,
Pulvis Scammonii Compositus,
Pulvis Tragacanthæ Compositus,
Quassia (in powder),
•
2 gr. to 10 gr.
60 gr. to 120 gr.
3
gr. to 10 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
20 gr. to 40 gr.
•
•
10 gr. to 60 gr.
10 gr. to 40 gr.
5 gr. to 15 gr.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
2 gr. to 5 gr.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
•
•
20 gr. to 60 gr.
•
10 gr. to 20 gr.
Quiniæ Sulphas,
Quiniæ Valerianas,
Rhei Radix,
·
Rhus Toxicodendron (powdered leaves),
Ruta (powdered leaves),
Sabinæ Cacumina,
•
1 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr. to 5 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
gr. to 1 gr.
20 gr. to 40 gr.
4 gr. to 10 gr.
484
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
Sagapenum (the gum-resin),
10 gr. to 30 gr.
Santonica (worm seed),
Santoninum (santonin, crystallized),
Sapo Durus or Sapo Mollis (as antacids),
Scammonia Resina,
Scammonium (gum-resin in powder),
Scilla,
Senega (in powder),
Senna (powdered leaves),
Serpentaria (in powder),
Simarubra (in powder),
Sinapis (as an emetic),
Soda Tartarata,
Sodæ Acetas,
Soda Arsenias,
Soda Biboras,
Soda Bicarbonas,
Soda Carbonas,
•
•
Soda Carbonas Exsiccata,
Soda Citro-tartras Effervescens,
Soda Phosphas,
Soda Sulphas,
Soda Sulphis,
Soda Valerianas,
Spigelia (in powder),
Spiritus Etheris,
·
Spiritus Etheris Nitrosi,
•
•
•
Spiritus Ammoniæ Aromaticus,
•
•
Spiritus Ammoniæ Fœtidus,
Spiritus Cajuputi,
•
Spiritus Armoracia Compositus,
Spiritus Camphoræ,
Spiritus Chloroformi (chloric ether),
Spiritus Juniperi,
Spiritus Mentha Piperitæ,
Spiritus Lavendulæ,
Spiritus Myristicæ,
Spiritus Rosmarini,
Staphisagria,
Stramonium (the leaves, powdered),
Strychnia,
Styrax Præparatus,
Succus Conii,
Succus Limonis,
•
•
•
•
•
10 gr. to 60 gr.
2 gr. to 6 gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
3 gr. to 8 gr.
5 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr. to 3 gr.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
30 gr. to 120 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
15 gr. to 30 gr.
from a dessert to a tablespoonful.
oz. to oz.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
1-16th gr. to gr.
10 gr. to 60 gr.
10 gr. to 60 gr.
3
gr. to 30 gr.
gr. to 10 gr.
1
60 gr. to oz.
1 oz. to 1 oz.
1 oz. to 1 oz.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
gr. to 5 gr.
60 gr. to 120 gr.
30 min. to 90 min.
30 min. to 2 fl. dr.
30 min. to 1 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
10 min. to 30 min.
20 min. to 60 min.
min. to 14 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fil. dr.
30 min. to 60 min.
30 min. to 60 min.
10 min. to 50 min.
3 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr., upwards.
1-30th gr. to 1-12th gr.
5 gr. to 20 gr.
30 min. to 60 min.
1 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
Succus Mori,
Succus Scoparii,
Succus Taraxaci,
Sulphide of Ammonium,
Sulphuris Iodidum,
Sulphur Præcipitatum,
Sulphur Sublimatum,
·
•
•
ad libitum.
•
1 fl. dr. to fl. oz.
·
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
3 min.
gr. to 2 gr.
20 gr. to 1 dr.
20 gr. to 1 dr.
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
485
Sumbul (in powder),
Syrupus,
Syrupus Althææ,
Syrupus Aurantii,
Syrupus Aurantii Floris,
Syrupus Ferri Iodidi,
Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis,
Syrupus Hemidesmi,
•
•
Syrupus Ipecacuanhæ (as an expectorant),
Syrupus Ipecacuanhæ (as an emetic),
Syrupus Limonis,
Syrupus Mori,
Syrupus Papaveris,
Syrupus Rhamni,
Syrupus Rhei,
Syrupus Rhoados,
•
Syrupus Rose Gallicæ,
Syrupus Scillæ,
Syrupus Sennæ,
Syrupus Tolutanus,
Syrupus Violæ,
Syrupus Zingiberis,
Tamarindus, .
Tinctura Aconiti,
•
•
·
•
•
•
20 gr. to 1 dr.
ad libitum.
1 fl. dr. to 1 fl. oz.
1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 20 min., for a child.
t
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr., for a child, re-
peated as often as necessary.
. 1 fl. dr.
1. fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
† fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr.
oz. and upwards.
5 min. to 15 min.
30 min. to 60 min.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
1 fl dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
Tinctura Actæa Racemosæ,
Tinctura Aloes,
Tinctura Arnicæ,
Tinctura Asafoetidæ,
Tinctura Aurantii,
Tinctura Belladonnæ,
•
•
5 min. to 20 min.
Tinctura Benzoini Composita,
Tinctura Buchu,
Tinctura Calumbæ,
Tinctura Camphora Composita,
Tinctura Cannabis Indicæ,
Tinctura Cantharides,
Tinctura Capsici,
•
Tinctura Cardamomi Composita,
Tinctura Cascarillæ,
Tinctura Castorei, .
Tinctura Catechu, .
Tinctura Chiratæ,
.
Tinctura Chloroformi Composita,
Tinctura Cinchonæ Composita,
Tinctura Cinchonæ Flavæ,
Tinctura Cinnamomi,
Tinctura Cocci,
Tinctura Colchici Seminum,
Tinctura Conii,
•
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
15 min. to 1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 20 min.
5 min. to 20 min.
10 min. to 20 min.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
f. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
f. dr. to 1 f. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
20 min. to 60 min.
f. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
10 min. to 30 min.
20 min. to 60 min.
Tinctura Croci,
·
fl. dr. to 12 fl. dr.
486
DOSES: POSOLOGICAL TABLE.
W
•
Tinctura Cubebæ,
Tinctura Digitalis,
Tinctura Ergotæ,
•
"
Tinctura Ferri Acetatis,
Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi,
Tinctura Gallæ,
Tinctura Gentianæ Composita,
Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata,
Tinctura Hellebori (Lond., 1851),
Tinctura Hyoscyami,
Tinctura Iodidi,
Tinctura Jalapæ,
Tinctura Kino,
.
·
f. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
. 10 min. to 30 min.
•
10 min. to 1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 30 min.
10 min. to 30 min.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 f. dr.
30 min. to 1 f. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 20 min.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
f. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
Tinctura Krameriæ,
Tinctura Lavendulæ Composita,
Tinctura Limonis,
Tinctura Lobeliæ, .
Tinctura Lobelia Etherea,
•
Tinctura Lupuli,
Tinctura Myrrhæ, .
Tinctura Nucis Vomicæ,
Tinctura Opii,
•
Tinctura Opii Ammoniata,
Tinctura Quassiæ,
Tinctura Quiniæ,
•
•
Tinctura Rhei (as a stomachic),
Tinctura Rhei (as a purgative),
Tinctura Sabinæ,
Tinctura Scillæ,
Tinctura Senegæ,
Tinctura Sennæ,
Tinctura Serpentariæ,
Tinctura Stramonii,
Tinctura Sumbul,
·
•
Tinctura Tolutana,
Tinctura Valerianæ,
Tinctura Valerianæ Ammoniata,
Tinctura Veratri Viridis,
Tinctura Zingiberis,
•
Tinctura Zingiberis Fortior (stronger),
Tormentilla (in powder),
Tragacantha (powder), .
Trochisci Acidi Tannici,
Trochisci Bismuthi,
Trochisci Catechu,
•
•
•
•
A
•
•
•
·
f. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
•
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
10 min. to fl. dr.
10 min. to fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
f. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
10 min. to 20 min.
5 min. to 40 min.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
1 f. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
4 fl. dr. to 8 fl. dr.
20 min. to 1 fl. dr.
10 min. to 30 min.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
1 f. dr. to 4 fl. oz.
fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
10 min. to 30 min.
10 min. to 30 min.
20 min. to 40 min.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
fl. dr. to 1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 20 min.
15 min. to 1 fl. dr.
5 min. to 20 min.
20 gr. to 60 gr.
20 gr. and upwards.
1 to 6.
•
1 to 6.
1 to 6.
Trochisci Ferri Redacti,
1 to 6.
Trochisci Ipecacuanhæ, .
1 to 3.
Trochisci Morphiæ,
1 to 6.
Trochisci Morphiæ et Ipecacuanhæ,
1 to 6.
Trochisci Opii,
1 to 6.
Trochisci Potassæ Chloratis,
1 to 6.
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
487
་
7
Trochisci Soda Bicarbonatis,.
Uva Ursæ (powdered leaves),
Valeriana (in powder),
Veratria (the alkaloid),
Veratrum Viride (powdered rhizome),
Vinum Aloes,
Vinum Antimoniale (in febrile affections),
Vinum Antimoniale (as an emetic),
Vinum Colchici,
Vinum Ferri,
Vinum Ferri Citratis,
•
Vinum Ipecacuanha (as an expectorant),
Vinum Ipecacuanha (as an emetic),
Vinum Opii,
Vinum Quiniæ,
Vinum Rhei, .
Vinum Veratri (Lond., 1851),
Xylol (Xylene) (as a prophylactic),
Zinci Acetas,
Zinci Acetas (as an emetic),
Zinci Carbonas,
Zinci Chloridum,
•
Zinci Oxidum,
Zinci Sulphas (as a tonic or astringent),
Zinci Sulphas (as an emetic),
Zinci Valerianas,
Zingiber (in powder),
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1 to 6.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
1-12th gr. to gr.
1 gr. to 3 gr.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
5 min. to 1 f. dr.
fl. oz. to 1 f. oz.
10 min. to 30 min.
1 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
1 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
5 min. to 40 min.
3 fl. dr. to 6 fl. dr.
10 min. to 40 min.
fl. oz. to 1 fil. oz.
1 fl. dr. to 2 fl. dr.
10 min. to 20 min.
10 min. to 20 min.
gr. to 2 gr.
10 gr. to 20 gr.
1 gr. to 5 gr. or more.
gr. to 1 gr. or 2 gr.
2 gr. to 10 gr.
1 gr. to 2 gr.
•
•
10 gr. to 30 gr.
•
1 gr. to 3 gr.
10 gr. to 30 gr.
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
[For convenience, we here give a list of diseases and their definitions. Many technical
references are made to them in the U. S. Disp.]
Absence of bile.
AGUE. See Intermittent Fever.
ACHOLIA.
ACINESIA. (Immobilitas; Eremia.) Pa- ALCOHOLISM.
ralysis of motion.
ACNE. (Gutta Rosacea; Copper Nose;
Stonepock.) A chronic tubercular skin
affection.
ADDISON'S DISEASE. Applied to a pecu-
liar degeneration of the suprarenal cap-
sules.
ADENITIS. (Phlegmasia Glandulosa.) In-
flammation of the lymphatic glands.
AGALACTIA. (Defectus Lactis; Oligogalac-
tia.) A diminution or complete ab-
sence of milk in nursing women.
See Delirium Tremens ;
Dipsomania; Poisons.
ALOPECIA. (Capillorum Defluvium; Lap-
sus Pilorum; Calvities.) Baldness, or
loss of hair.
AMAUROSIS. (Gutta Serena.) Partial or
complete loss of vision.
AMBLYOPIA. (Diminished Acuteness of
Retinal Perception.) Weakness of sight
from disease of brain.
AMENORRHŒA. (An absence of the men-
strual flow.) Two varieties; retention
and suppression.
488
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
peritoneum.) Dropsy of the peritoneum.
ASTHENOPIA. (Muscular Amaurosis.)
Weaksightedness.
AMNESIA. (Oblivio; Memoria Deleta.) | ASCITES. (Hydrops Abdominis; Hydro-
Forgetfulness, or loss of memory.
ANÆMIA. (Exœmia; Spanæmia; Hydræ-
mia; Oligœmia) Deficiency or pov-
erty of blood.
ANESTHESIA. (Analgesia.) Paralysis of
sensibility.
ANASARCA. (Hydrops Cellularis Totius
Corporis; Hydrosarca ; General Dropsy.) |
The more or less general accumulation
of serum in the meshes of the areolar
tissue throughout the body.
ANGEIOLEUCITIS. (Lymphangitis; In-
flammatio Vasorum Lymphaticorum.)
Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.
ANGINA PECTORIS. (Orthopnœa Cardiaca ;
Cardioneuralgia; Suffocative Breast-
pang) A disease in which severe pain
is felt about the chest, with a sense of
strangulation and great anxiety.
ANOREXIA. (Inappetentia.) Loss of ap-
petite.
AORTIC ANEURISM. Varieties: True
aneurism, in which all the coats of ar-
tery dilate and unite in forming walls
of pouch; false aneurism, in which in-
ner and middle arterial tunics being
ruptured, walls are formed by cellular
coat and contiguous parts; and mixed
or consecutive false aneurism, in which
the three coats having at first dilated,
inner and middle ones subsequently
rupture as distension increases; Vari-
cose aneurisms are those where a com-
munication has formed between aorta
and either of the venæ cave, or between
aorta and one of auricles, or between
this vessel and right ventricle, or be-
tween aorta and pulmonary artery.
AORTITIS. (Inflammatio Aorta.) Inflam-
mation of the aorta.
ASTHMA. (Spasmus Bronchialis.) A ner-
vous disease, dependent upon tonic con-
traction of circular muscular fibres of
bronchial tubes.
ASTIGMATISM. An inequality in the re-
fractive power of the several meridians
of the eye.
ATELECTASIS.
A congenital non-expan-
sion of air-cells of lungs.
BALANITIS. (External Clap; Gonorrhœa
Præputialis.) Inflammation of the
glans penis and internal surface of the
prepuce.
BARBADOES LEG. (Elephantiasis Ara-
bum; Glandular Disease of Barbadoes;
Bucnomia Tropica.) A disease marked
by great swelling and induration of true
skin, or derma. Most frequently attacks
lower extremities
BED CASE. A not uncommon form of
hysteria.
BERIBERI. (Bad Sickness of Ceylon.) A
form of general dropsy.
BILIARY CALCULI. A small stone. See
Gallstones.
BLACK LEG.
A form of purpura, which
occurs among the lumbermen on the
Ottawa or Grand River, of Canada.
BLENNORRHAGIA. A discharge from the
mucous membrane of the urethra or
vagina, usually contracted in sexual in-
tercourse.
BLENNORRHOEA. See Gonorrhæa, Gleet.
BRASS-FOUNDERS' AGUE. A peculiar
form of intermittent fever, which affects
brass founders and other workmen ex-
posed to the fumes of deflagrating zinc.
APHASIA. A loss of the cerebral faculty BRIGHT'S DISEASE. A term indiscrimi-
of speech.
APHONIA. A loss of voice.
APHTHE OF MOUTH. (Stomatitis Exuda-
tiva; Muguet; Thrush.) A disease con-
sisting of small, round, white, elevated
specks or patches, scattered over tongue
and lining membrane of the mouth.
APOPLEXY. A state of coma, occurring
suddenly from pressure on the brain.
nately applied to all renal diseases ac-
companied by albuminuria and dropsy.
BRONCHITIS. (Pulmonary Catarrh.) In-
flammation of mucous membrane of
bronchial tubes.
BRONCHOCELE. (Thyrocele; Wen; Goitre;
Derbyshire Neck.) An enlargement of
the thyroid gland.
BUBо. (Adenophyma Inguinalis.) A term
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
489
applied to inflammation or tumor of in- CEPHALOHEMATOMA. (Cephalœmatoma;
guinal glands.
BULIMIC DYSPEPSIA. A form of dys-
pepsia characterized at times by exces-
sive hunger.
CÆCITIS. (Typhlitis; Tuphlo-enteritis.)
Inflammation of the cæcum or its ap-
pendix.
CANCER. (Carcinoma.) A local manifes-
tation of a specific disease of the blood.
CANCRUM ORIS. Sloughing phagedena
of the mouth.
CARBUNCLE. (Anthrax.) A severe in-
flammation of a circumscribed portion
of skin and subjacent tissue, with infil-
tration of unhealthy lymph.
Ecchymoma Capitis Recens Natorum;
Thrombus Neonatorum.) A bloody tu-
mor, developed immediately after birth,
between bones of skull and pericranium.
CHICKEN-POX. (Varicella.) A trifling
complaint, peculiar to infants.
CHILBLAIN. A subacute inflammatory
swelling, due to cold and the premature
restoration of the circulation by heat.
CHLOASMA. (Pityriasis Versicolor; Mac-
ula Hepatica; Liver Spot.) A parasitic
cutaneous disease. See Tinea.
CHLOROSIS. (Pallor Virginum; Green
Sickness.) A peculiar form of anæmia,
affecting young women.
CARDIAC ANEURISM. Aneurism of the CHOLEMIA. The morbid state in which
heart.
CARDIAC ATROPHY. Two forms: 1. That
in which the heart wastes and dwindles
in all its parts. 2. The texture of the
muscular walls suffers a more or less
complete conversion into fat.
CARDIAC CANCER. Cancer of the heart.
Extremely rare.
bile exists in the blood, owing to its re-
absorption after having been formed by
the liver.
CHOLERA. A disease said to arise chiefly
from a superabundance of acrid bile.
CHOLESTEREMIA. Blood-poisoning,
owing to the non-elimination of choles-
terin by the liver. See Acholia.
CARDIAC DILATATION. Enlargement of CHOREA. (Chorea Sancti Viti; St. Vitus's
the heart.
CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY. (Hypertrophia
Cordis.) A thickening of the walls of
the ventricles of the heart.
CARDIAC RUPTURE. Rupture of the
heart.
Dance.) A disease characterized by ir-
regular, tremulous, and often ludicrous
actions of voluntary muscles.
CHOROIDITIS. Inflammation of the cho-
roid-the second, or vascular and pig-
mentary, tunic of the eyeball.
CARDIAC VALVULAR DISEASE. Valvular CHYLOUS URINE. (Chyluria; Galacturia;
disease of the heart.
CARDIALGIA. (Heartburn.) The uneasi-
ness is popularly believed to be around
the heart. See Gastralgia.
CARIES. Ulceration of bone.
CATALEPSY. (Hysteria Cataleptica.)
A
sudden suppression of consciousness and
volition.
CATARACT. An opacity of the crystalline
lens, or of its capsule, or of both.
CATARRH. Inflammation of mucous
membrane of some portion of air-pas-
sages.
CELLULITIS VENENATA. (Diffuse Cellular
Inflammation.) Diffused inflammation
of the areolar tissue.
CEPHALALGIA.
Chylodiabetes; Chylorrhoea Urinalis.)
The excretion of urine of a milky ap-
pearance from the presence of fatty
matter in a molecular state.
CIRRHOSIS OF LUNG. A consolidation or
contraction of more or less pulmonary
tissue, accompanied with dilatation of
bronchi.
CLITORITIS. (Inflammatio Penis Mulie-
bris.) Inflammation of the clitoris.
CLUB-FOOT. (Talipes.) A gradual change
in the form and positions of the tarsal
bones, owing to undue action of certain
muscles.
CoccYODYNIA. (Coccyalgia; Coccygody-
nia.) Pain or tenderness about coccyx.
(Cephalodynia ; Dolor COLLOID CANCER. (Alveolar Cancer ;
Capitis.) See Headache.
Cystic Cancer.) A variety of cancer,
490
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
consisting of a clear viscid substance,
somewhat resembling soft gelatin or
gum.
COLOR-BLINDNESS. (Achromotopsia; Acri-
tochromacy ; Chromato Pseudopsis; Dal-
tonism.) An inability to discriminate
between certain colors.
COMA. A state of stupor with loss of
consciousness.
CONJUNCTIVITIS.
(Ophthalmia.)
In-
flammation of the mucous membrane
of the eye.
CONSTIPATION. (Obstipatio; Alvus Ad-
stricta; Torpor Intestinorum.) Habit-
ual costiveness.
CONVULSIONS. (Eclampsia; Hyperspas-
mia; Spasmus.) Violent and involun-
tary contractions of the muscles of the
whole body, occurring in paroxysms,
and attended with unconsciousness.
CORNEITIS. The transparent and nearly
circular external tunic of the eyeball,
forming the anterior sixth of the globe,
constitutes the cornea. This, inflamed,
constitutes corneitis.
CORYZA. (Rhinitis; Gravedo; Stillici-
dium Narium; Cold in the Head.)
Catarrhal inflammation of Schneiderian
membrane of nose.
COUGH. (Tussis.) A symptom of nu-
merous and varied diseases. Frequently
an effort to expel irritating matters
from bronchi and air-cells.
COUP DE SOLEIL. (Sunstroke; Insola-
tio; Heat Apoplexy; Erethismus Tropi-
cus.) A disease allied to simple apo-
plexy.
Cow-Pox. See Vaccinia.
CRETINISM. (Idiotismus Endemicus; Fa-
tuitas; Alpicolarum; Micrencephalon.)
A form of idiocy accompanied by de-
formity of the bodily organs.
CROUP. (Tracheitis; Cynanche Trache-
alis; Angina Trachealis.) An inflam-
tory disease of mucous lining of trachea,
or often of glottis and larynx, and
trachea.
in connection with some deficiency in
construction of the heart.
CYNANCHE LARYNGEA.
(Angina La-
ryngea.) Inflammation of the larynx.
CYNANCHE PAROTIDEA. (Parotitis Con-
tagiosa; Angina Externa; Mumps;
Branks) Inflammation of the parotid
gland.
CYNANCHE TONSILLARIS. (Amygdal-
itis; Angina Tonsillaris ; Quinsy.) In-
flammatory sore throat.
CYNANCHE TRACHEALIS. See Croup.
DEAFNESS. (Cophosis; Surditas) Hard-
ness of hearing.
DELIRIUM TREMENS. (Delirium Ebri-
ositatis; Mania-à-potu; Delirium Vigi-
lans.) An acute attack of poisoning by
alcoholic drinks.
DENGUE. (Scarlatina Rheumatica; Erup-
tive Epidemic Fever; Eruptive Rheu-
matic Fever; Dandy Fever; Break-bone
Fever.) A peculiar infectious fever, in
which there is an eruption.
DIABETES MELLITUS. (Melituria ; Pa-
ruria Mellita; Glucosuria; Glucohæmia;
Saccharine Diabetes.) A complicated
chronic disease, due to inefficient per-
formance of some important function,
characterized by secretion of a large
quantity of urine containing glucose or
grape sugar.
DIPHTHERIA. (Angina Maligna; Cynanche
Membranacea; Putrid Sore Throat; Ma-
lignant Quinsy.) An epidemic and con-
tagious sore throat of great severity, due
to toxæmia, and characterized by exuda-
tion of false membranes on tonsils and
adjacent structures.
DIPLOPIA. (Ambiopia; Dittopsia; Dou-
ble Vision.) A disease arising from some
derangement in the visual axes, or some
irregularity in density or curvature of
dioptric media, or some disease of retina
or optic nerve.
DIPSOMANIA. An intense craving for
intoxicating liquors.
DIURESIS. (Diabetes Insipidus.) A con-
dition in which an excessive quantity of
pale limpid urine is secreted, free from
sugar or other abnormal ingredient.
CYANOSIS. (Hæmatocyanosis; Morbus
Coeruleus; Blue Disease.) A condition.
characterized by a blue or purplish dis-
coloration of the skin, arising generally | DRACONTIASIS.
(Malus Dracunculus ;
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
491
Helminthoncus Medinensis.) A helmin-
thic disease produced in the human body
by the Guinea-worm.
DROPSY. An accumulation of watery or
serous liquid in some one or more of the
natural serous cavities of the body, or
in the meshes of the areolar tissue, or in
both, often occurring independently of
inflammation.
constitutional or blood disease, gradu-
ally becoming more rare.
EMBOLISM. A term used to designate a
fibrinous concretion detached and trans-
ported from the interior of the heart or
of some vessel, and carried onwards by
the blood until the calibre of the vessel
becomes too small to allow of further
progress.
DUODENITIS. Acute inflammation of the EMMETROPIA. Normal-sightedness.
duodenum.
DYSENTERY.
(Colitus ; Colorectitis;
Bloody Flux.) A specific inflammation
and ulceration of mucous lining of the
colon, attended with mucous and bloody
stools, and great prostration.
DYSMENORRHEA. (Paramenia Difficil-
is; Menstrua Dolorosa; Amenorrhoea
Partialis.) Laborious or difficult men-
struation.
DYSPEPSIA. (Apepsia; Digestio Difficilis ;
Concoctio Tarda.) Indigestion.
DYSPHAGIA. (Deglutitio Impedita; Dif-
ficulty of Deglutition.) Difficulty in swal-
lowing.
DYSPHONIA CLERICORUM. Follicular dis-
ease of pharyngo-laryngeal membrane,
to which clergymen and public speakers
are most liable.
DYPSNŒEA. (Pseudo Asthma; Respiratio
Difficilis; Short Breath.) Difficulty in
breathing.
ECLAMPSIA NUTANS. (Salaam Convul-
sions of Infancy.) A rare disease of in-
fants, attended with a frequent bowing
of the head.
ECSTASY. (Catalepsia Spuria; Trance.)
A condition analogous to the cataleptic.
ECTHYMA. (Furunculi Atonici; Dartre
Crustacée; Phlyzacia; Papulous Scall.)
A non-contagious inflammation of the
skin.
ECTROPION. (Blepharotosis; Divaricatio
Palpebrarum.) Eversion of the eyelid.
ECZEMA. (Running Scall; Humid Tetter.)
A very common non-contagious skin
disease.
ELEPHANTIASIS GRÆCORUM. (Elephan-
tiasis Anaesthetica; Lazari Malum; True
Leprosy.) A terrible and dangerous
EMPHYSEMA. (Pneumatosis Pulmonum;
Pneumectasis.) A disease consisting of
enlargement of air-cells, atrophy of
their walls, and obliteration of their
vessels.
EMPYEMA. (Pyothorax; Hydrothorax Pur-
ulentus.) The formation and accumu-
lation of pus in the cavity of the pleura.
ENDOCARDITIS. (Internal Carditis.) In-
flammation of the transparent and glis-
tening serous membrane which lines
the interior of the heart, and which, by
its reduplications, assists to form the
valves.
ENDOMETRITIS.
(Uterine Leucorrhœa ;
Uterine Catarrh) Catarrhal or croupy
inflammation of mucous membrane lin-
ing uterine cavity.
ENDOSTEITIS. Inflammation of medul-
lary membrane lining central canal of
long bones, as well as cells of flat and
irregular bones.
ENTERITIS. (Intestinorum Inflammatio;
Ileocolitis; Enterophlogosis.)
Inflam-
mation of the small intestines.
ENTOZOA. The parasitic animals which
infest the human body.
ENTROPION. (Inversio Palpebrarum; Ble-
pharelosis.) An inversion of the mar-
gins of the eyelids.
ENURESIS. (Hyperuresis.) Incontinence
of urine.
EPILEPSY. (Morbus Comitialis.) Falling
Sickness.
EPIPHORA. (Lachrymatio; Weeping.) A
superabundant secretion of tears.
EPIPHYTES. (Phytoparasites.) Micro-
scopic vegetable growths, belonging to
the class Fungi Cryptogamia. They are
found on the skin and mucous mem-
branes, in the stomach, &c.
492
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
EPISTAXIS. (Hæmorrhagia Narium ; Rhin-
orrhagia.) Bleeding at the nose.
EPITHELIAL CANCER. (Epithelioma; Can-
croid of the Skin.) A form of cancer
consisting of an infiltration of cells of
scaly epithelium.
EPIZOA (Ectoparasites )
Animal para-
sites which live upon, or in the struc-
ture of, the skin.
skin disease, said to be common in
Africa, parts of America, and West
Indies.
GALACTORRHEA. (Galactopleurosis.) Su-
perabundant secretion of milk in nurs-
ing women.
GALLSTONES. (Chololithus; Biliary Cal-
culi.) Concretions formed in gall-blad-
der, liver, or hepatic duct.
EQUINIA. A disease common to the GASTRALGIA. (Dyspepsodynia; Cardial-
horse, called glanders.
ERYSIPELAS. (St. Anthony's Fire.)
A
diffused, spreading, inflammatory affec-
tion of the skin, and very commonly
of the subcutaneous areolar tissue.
ERYTHEMA. (Inflammatory Blush; Efflur-
escence Cutanée.) A non-contagious
affection of the skin, marked by slight
superficial red patches.
EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE. Protrusion of
the eyeball (proptosis oculi), accom-
panied with goitre. See Bronchocele.
EXOPHTHALMOS. (Procidentia Bulbi
Oculi; Ophthalmocele; Protopsis Oculi;
Goggle-eyed.) A protrusion of the eye-
ball so that the lids cannot cover it.
FATTY DEGENERATION. The term fatty
degeneration or fatty metamorphosis is
given to a certain class of cases which,
during life, are marked by anæmia with
great prostration; and which after
death are found to be distinguished by
the more or less perfect transformation
into fat of various important textures,
but especially of muscular fibres of the
heart.
FEBRICULA. (Ephemeral Fever.) A mild
form of fever.
FISTULA IN ANO. A fistulous passage by
side of rectum, the result of abscess.
FLAT FOOT. (Spurious Valgus; Splay
Foot.) A sinking of the tarsal arch,
from relaxation of the supporting liga-
ments.
FLATULENCE. (Tympanites; Meteorism;
Drum Belly; Wind Dropsy.) An ac-
cumulation of gas in the intestines oc-
curs as an idiopathic disorder, or it may
be symptomatic of some other affection.
FRAMBOESIA. (Anthracia Rubula; Lepra
Fungifera; Pian; Yaws.) A tubercular
gia; Heartburn.) An unpleasant burn-
ing sensation in the stomach and gullet,
coming on in paroxysms.
GASTRIC ULCER. Simple, chronic, or
perforating ulcer of stomach.
GASTRITIS. (Inflammatio Ventriculi.) In-
flammation of mucous membrane of
stomach.
GASTRO-COLIC FISTULA. A communica-
tion between the stomach and colon,
due to cancerous or simple ulceration.
GASTRO-CUTANEOUS FISTULA. A com-
munication between the stomach and
outside of abdomen.
GASTRODYNIA. (Spasmus Ventriculi ;
Stomachalgia.) Cramp in the stomach.
GENERAL PARESIS. Progressive paraly-
sis of the insane.
GLANDERS.
(Equinia; Farcinoma;
Farcy.) A malignant febrile and con-
tagious disease, due to a specific poison
received from a glandered horse, ass, or
mule.
GLAUCOMA. A term formerly applied to
opacity of the lens. Now used arbi-
trarily to denote a form of blindness, at-
tended with disorganization of the va-
rious tissues of the eyeball.
GLOSSITIS. (Inflammatio Linguæ.) In-
flammation of the tongue.
GLUCOHÆMIA. Sweet blood. See Dia-
betes Mellitus.
GLUCOSURIA. Sweet urine. See Dia-
betes Mellitus.
GOITRE. See Bronchocele.
GONORRHEA. (Clap.) An inflammation
of one or more portions of the genito-
urinary passages, accompanied with a
muco-purulent discharge.
GOUT. A specific inflammation, having a
constitutional origin, accompanied by
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
493
tained.
great pain and swelling of the affected the vessels in which it is naturally con-
joint, fever, with general disturbance.
GRAVEDO. A variety of catarrh affecting HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS.
|
frontal sinuses.
GRAVES'S DISEASE. A name given to a
singular combination of three symptoms
-palpitation, protrusion of eyeballs,
and enlargement of thyroid gland.
HÆMATEMESIS. (Gastrorrhagia; Hæmor-
rhoea Ventriculi; Vomiting of Blood.)
Hemorrhage from the stomach.
HEMATOID CANCER. (Fungus Hæma-
todes) A soft, medullary or other can-
cer, more or less infiltrated with blood.
HEMATOMA AURIS. A sanguineous tu-
mor about outer surface of auricle of
ear.
HEMATOZoa. A term applied to a dis-
ease in which several varieties of en-
tozoa have been discovered in the human
blood.
HEMATURIA. (Hæmuresis; Sanguis in
Urina; Bloody Urine.) Hemorrhage
from the mucous membrane of the uri-
nary passages.
HEMOGASTRIC FEVER. (Febris Flava;
Pestilentia Hæmagastrica; Pestis Inter-
tropica; Typhus Icterodes; Synochus
Icterodes; Malignant Pestilential Fever.)
See Yellow Fever.
HEMOPTYSIS (Emoptoe; Sputum San-
guinis; Hæmorrhagia Pulmonis; Pneu-
morrhagia.) The escape of blood through
the mouth, from larynx, trachea, bron-
chial tubes, or air-cells of lungs.
HÆMORRHOIDS. (Proctalgia Hæmorrhoi-
dalis; Piles.) Small tumors situated
within, or at verge of anus.
HEADACHE. (Cephalalgia.) Of common
occurrence during progress of most acute
and many chronic diseases.
HEMERALOPIA. (Visus Diurnus; Dysopia
Tenebrarum; Day Vision.) That con-
dition in which vision is only distinct
during daylight.
HEMICRANIA. (Hemicephaloa; Neuralgia
Cerebralis; Megrims.) Headache affect-
ing one side of brow and forehead.
HEMORRHAGE. (Sanguifluxus; Hæmor-
rhea; Loss of Blood; Rupture of a
Bloodvessel.) The escape of blood from
May be
hereditary, or will, perhaps, be induced
by insufficient food.
HEPATIC ATROPHY. (Yellow Atrophy of
Liver; Wasting of Liver; Softening of
Liver; Diffused Hepatitis.) Fatal Jaun-
dice.
HEPATIC CALCULI. See Gallstones.
HEPATIC CANCER. Cancer of the liver.
HEPATIC CONGESTION. (Hyperœmia of
the Liver.) Congestion of the liver.
HEPATIC HYPERTROPHY. Enlargement
of the liver by an increase in the secre-
ting cells.
HEPATITIS. Inflammation of the liver.
HERNIA. (Rupture.) A tumor formed by
the protrusion of more or less omentum
or intestine through some abnormal
opening in abdominal walls.
HERPES. (Tetter.) A transient non-con-
tagious skin disease consisting of clus-
ters of vesicles upon inflamed patches of
irregular size and form.
HICCOUGH. (Singultus; Hiccup.) A short,
convulsive, and noisy inspiration, fol-
lowed immediately by expiration. It
is due to the sudden and involuntary
and momentary contraction of the dia-
phragm, with a simultaneous narrow-
ing of the glottis.
HOOPING-COUGH. (Pertussis ; Tussis Con-
vulsiva; Bronchocephalitis; Chincough.)
An infectious disease of childhood, due
to some poison affecting pneumogastric
nerve.
HOUSEMAID'S KNEE. Enlargement of
bursa over patella, the result of pres-
sure and inflammation from kneeling.
HYDRÆMIA. Watery blood.
HYDROCELE AND HÆMATOCELE. Hydro-
cele consists of an accumulation of se-
rum in the tunica vaginalis or in the
cord. Hæmatocele is an extravasation
of blood into tunica vaginalis; a blood
tumor.
HYDROCEPHALUS. (Hydrocranium; Hy-
drops Capitis; Water on the Head.)
Dropsy of the brain.
494
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
HYDRONEPHROSIS. (Hydrorenal Disten- IMPOTENCE AND STERILITY. The former
sion.) Dropsy of the kidney.
HYDROPERICARDIUM.
(Hydropericard-
itis; Hydrops Pericardii; Hydrocardia.)
Dropsy of the pericardium.
HYDROPHOBIA. (Phobodypson; Rabies;
Canine Madness.) A disease caused by
inoculation with the saliva of a rabid
animal.
HYDRORACHIS. (Hydrorrhacia Myelochy-
sis; Hydrocele Spinalis.) Dropsy of the
spine.
HYDROTHORAX. (Hydrops Thoracis ; Pleu-
rorrhæa Serosa; Dropsy of the Chest.)
An effusion of serum, or of serum mixed
with blood, into the cavity of the
pleura.
HYPERÆMIA, (Plethora; Polyœmia.) An
excess of blood, or a superabundance of
red corpuscles.
HYPERMETROPIA. (Oversight.) That con-
dition in which the refractive power of
the eye is too low, or the optic axis too
short.
HYPOCHONDRIASIS. (Hallucinatio Hypo-
chondriaca; Spleen; Anathymiasis; Va-
pors; English Malady; Low Spirits.)
A disease consisting prominently of an
exaggerated egoism.
HYPOSPADIAS AND EPISPADIAS. The
former is a congenital malformation,
in which the urethra opens on under
surface of penis, instead of at extremity
of the glans. The latter is that condi-
tion in which urethra terminates on
dorsum of penis.
HYSTERIA. (Hysteropathia ; Asthma Uteri;
Vapores Uterini; Passio Hysterica; Hys-
terics.) A nervous disorder which oc-
curs in paroxysms, or simulates other
diseases.
ICHORHÆMIA.
Pyohamia.)
(Septicæmia; Pyæmia;
A morbid condition of
the blood, caused by the introduction
of ichorous or putrid matters.
ICHTHYOSIS. (Xeroderma Ichthyoides;
Fishskin Disease.) A very rare non-
contagious, squamous skin disease.
ICTERUS. See Jaundice.
IMPETIGO. (Psydracia; Crusted or Run-
ning Scall.) Pustular or humid tetter.
may be applied to every morbid state,
in either sex, which prevents the semi-
nal fluid of the male coming in contact
with the female ovule. The latter is
that condition in which either no sper-
matozoa or ovules are secreted, or their
vitality is immediately destroyed.
INDIGESTION. See Dyspepsia.
INFLAMMATION. (Phlogosis; Phlegmasia;
Hyperhæmatosis; Hyperendosmose.) A
destructive or formative process, con-
sisting of local congestion and stagnation
of blood, with exudation of liquor san-
guinis.
INFLUENZA. (Rheuma Epidemicum; De-
fluxio Catarrhalis; Epidemic Catarrhal
Fever.) An epidemic disorder attended
with great depression, chilliness, run-
ning from eyes and nose, &c., due to
some peculiar contamination of atmos-
phere.
INSANITY. (Mental Alienation; Unsound
Mind; Deranged Intellect; Madness.)
A general term used to express the
mental condition opposed to sanity.
INTERCOSTAL NEURALGIA. Neuralgia of
the intercostal nerve.
INTERMITTENT FEVER OR AGUE. (Peri-
odic Fever; Ague; Paludal Fever.) A
disease chiefly due to marshy miasms,
in which febrile phenomena occur in
paroxysms, are ushered in by rigors,
and end in a critical sweat.
INTUSSUSCEPTION. (Invagination.) That
condition in which one part of the bowel
is drawn into another portion, just as
the finger of a glove is pulled within
itself.
IRITIS.
(Iriditis; Inflammatio Iridis.)
Suspended (like a curtain with a circu-
lar aperture in its centre) between the
cornea and crystalline lens, and bathed
on both sides by aqueous humor, the
iris serves to regulate amount of light
admitted to retina.
JAUNDICE. (Icterus.) A prominent symp-
tom of many varied morbid processes.
Like albuminuria, glucosuria, &c., a
symbol of changes going on in the
economy, rather than a specific disease.
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
495
ber, while the red cells are much dimin-
ished.
Album; Alphosis; Achroma.) A rare
condition, in which the skin is ren-
dered white in various sized patches
from loss of cutaneous pigment.
LICHEN. (Papulæ Siccæ; Licheniasis
Adultorum; Lichenous Rash.) An ob-
stinate and annoying popular affection
of the skin. Recognized by the minute,
hard, red elevations which it presents,
and which are either distinct or arranged
in clusters; by the tingling and irrita-
tion, and by the slight desquamation
which follows.
All forms can be included under one of
two divisions: (1.) Those due to sup-
pression of biliary functions, in which | LEUCODERMA. (Leucopathia; Chloasma
the coloring matter of bile and choles-
terin accumulate in the blood. (2.)
Those arising from reabsorption of bile
properly formed, the flow of which into
duodenum is impeded.
KELOID. (Kelis; Cheloidea; Cancroide.)
A flat, tender excrescence or cuticular
fold, one or more inches in diameter,
raised a few lines above level of skin,
having irregular forms, with slight
depressions in their centres, and covered
with wrinkled epidermis.
KNOCK-KNEES. (Genua Valga.) A re-
laxation of internal lateral ligaments
of knee-joints, allowing femur and tibia
to become separated, so that an angular LUMBAGO. (Rachirrheuma; Rheumatis-
obliquity of the bones results.
LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS. (Apnœa In-
fantum; Laryngospasmus; Infantile
Laryngismus; Thymic Asthma; Spuri-
ous or Cerebral Croup; Child-Crowing.)
A spasmodic disease occurring in in-
fants, chiefly during dentition. It con-
sists of a temporary, partial, or complete
closure of rima glottidis, by which en-
trance of air into lungs is impeded or
stopped.
|
LIPEMIA. Fatty blood.
LOCKED-JAW. See Tetanus.
mus Dorsalis.) A variety of chronic
rheumatism..
LUPUS. (Ulcus Tuberculosum; Noli me
Tangere.) A destructive skin disease,
commencing in the form of one or more
indolent, soft, dull-red tubercles, which
become covered with scabs, have a ten-
dency to heal spontaneously, and always
leave a scar.
MALACOSTEON. See Osteomalacia.
MALIGNANT VESICLE. (Charbon.) A
furunculoid disease conveyed from cat-
tle to man by inoculation.
MAMMARY ABSCESS. (Mastodynia Apos-
tematosa; Milk Abscess.)
the breast.
LARYNGITIS. Inflammation of the larynx,
occasionally followed with ulceration.
LEAD COLIC. (Painter's Colic ; Suturnine
Colic; Morbus Metallicus; Colica Rachi-
algia; Dry Gripes or Bellyache; Colica
Pictonum) Attacks of colic, vomiting,
and constipation, from the presence of MAMMARY HYPERTROPHY.
lead in the system, often followed by
paralysis.
LEPRA. (Common Dry Tetter; European
Leprosy; Alphos; Psoriasis.) The most
obstinate and troublesome of all curable
cutaneous diseases. A non-contagious
squamous eruption, consisting of red
and scaly circular patches, of various
dimensions, scattered over different parts
of the body.
LEUCOCYTHEMIA. (Leucocytosis; Leuco-
cœmia; White Cell Blood.) A morbid
state of blood, in which the white cor-
puscles are greatly increased in num-
Abscess of
Enlarge-
ment of the breasts.
MAMMITIS. (Mazoitis; Mastitis; Inflam-
matio Mammœ.) Inflammation of the
breast.
MASTODYNIA. (Mazɔdynia; Mastalgia.)
Neuralgia of breasts.
MEASLES. (Morbilli; Rubeola.) A con-
tinued infectious fever, preceded by ca-
tarrh, accompanied by a crimson rash,
and often attended or followed by in-
flammation of the mucous membrane of
the organs of respiration.
MELANnosis. (Nigritudo; Black Tubercle.)
A rare disorder, characterized by the
496
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
deposition in various tissues of the body,
of a black or dark-brown substance.
MELENA. (Dysenteria Splenica; Fluxus
Splenicus; Dejectiones Nigræ.) When
the intestinal evacuations contain blood,
whether this comes from vessels of
stomach or only from those of intes-
tines, there is said to be melæna.
MELITURIA. Sweet urine. See Diabetes
Mellitus.
MENORRHAGIA. (Paramenia Profusa;
Menstrua Superflua; Menorrhœa; Pro-
fuse Menstruation.) An abnormal in-
crease of the catamenia.
METRITIS. (Febris Uterina; Hysteritis.)
Inflammation of the substance of the
unimpregnated uterus.
MILIARIA. (Miliary Fever; Miliaria Su-
datoria; Exanthema Miliaria; Millet-
Seed Rash.) A vesicular eruption, oc-
curring during progress of diseases at-
tended with offensive sweating.
MOLLITIES OSSIUM. A morbidly flexi-
bie condition of the bones, owing to an
insufficiency of phosphate of lime.
MOLLUSCUM. (Ochthiasis; Acné Mollus-
coide.) A rare cutaneous disease, of the
order Tubercula.
MORBILLI. See Measles.
MUSCE VOLITANTES. (Flocci Volitantes.)
Little specs, or floating black spots,
which fly over the field of vision.
MYALGIA. Stiffness, cramp, soreness, or
pain, in the voluntary muscles or their
tendinous prolongations.
MYCETOMA.
A destructive parasitic dis-
ease, peculiar to the natives of India.
MYELITIS. (Spinodorsitis; Rachialgitis.)
Inflammation of the substance of the
spinal cord.
Mark; Erectile or Vascular Tumor ;
Aneurism by Anastomosis.) A growth
formed by enlarged and dilated arteries,
veins, or capillary vessels.
NASAL LIPOMA. Hypertrophy of skin
and subcutaneous tissue of apex and alæ
of nose.
NASAL POLYPUS. A tumor so named be-
cause it was supposed to have numerous
attachments or feet. They are of three
kinds: mucous or gelatinous, fibrous,
and medullary.
NECROSIS. (Osteonecrosis; Osteogan-
grena.) Mortification or death of a
bone or portion of a bone.
NEPHRITIS. Inflammation of the sub-
stance of the kidney.
NEURALGIA. (Neurodynia; Nervous
Pang.) Violent pain in the trunk or
branch of a nerve, occurring in parox-
ysms, perhaps at nearly equidistant in-
tervals.
NEURITIS. (Neurophlogosis.) Inflamma-
tion of a nerve.
NEUROMA.
A solid or cystic tumor con-
nected with a nerve.
NOSTALGIA. (Nostomania; Homesickness )
The ungratified desire to return home.
NYCTALOPIA. That condition in which
vision is most powerful during twilight.
OBESITY. (Polysarca; Polysarcosis.) The
overaccumulation of fat under the in-
teguments, and around some of the vis-
cera.
EDEMA.
(Hydroœdema; Hydroncus.)
Dropsy of the subcutaneous areolar tis-
sue of any one region.
ESOPHAGEAL CANcer.
gullet.
Cancer of the
Stricture of
ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE.
the gullet.
ESOPHAGISM. A nervous disorder, in
which the symptoms are allied to those
produced by spasmodic stricture.
ESOPHAGITIS. (Angina Esophagœa; Dys-
phagia Inflammatoria ; Inflammatio
Gulæ.) Inflammation of the oesophagus.
MYOCARDITIS. (Carditis.) Inflammation
of muscular substance of heart.
MYOPIA. (Hypometropia; Shortsighted-
ness.) When the distance at which or-
dinary type can be easily read is less
than twelve inches, the vision is said.
to be myopic.
MYOSITIS. (Myitis; Sarcitis; Inflammatio | OLIGÆMIA. See Anæmia.
Musculorum.) Inflammation of mus- ONYCHIA. (Paronychia; Onychitis; Ony-
chia Maligna.) An inflammation of
cular fibre.
NEVUS. (Nævus Maternus; Mother's
the matrix of the nail.
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
497
ONYXIS. (Aduncatio Unguium; Ingrow-
ing of the Nail.) Inflammation and ulcer-
ation of side of toe, owing to margin of
nail being pressed into the flesh.
OPHTHALMIA. A general term for in-
flammation of the eye.
OPHTHALMIA TARSI. (Blepharophthal-
mia; Blepharotitis; Adenopthalmia.)
Inflammation of the palpebral conjunc-
tiva and edge of eyelids, with forma-
tion of minute pustules at roots of eye-
lashes, the discharge from which pro-
duces small crusts, matting the hairs
together.
ORCHITIS. (Hernia Humoralis.) Inflam-
mation of the testicle.
ORTHOPNOEA. Excessive difficulty of
breathing, so that the sufferer has to
maintain an erect position.
OSTEITIS. (Ostitis.) Inflammation of
bone.
OSTEOID CANCER. A cancer usually
growing from some bone, especially
from the lower part of femur.
OSTEOMALACIA. (Mollities Ossium; Mala-
costeon; Rachitis Adultorum.) Soften-
ing of the bones, owing to a deficiency
of phosphate of lime.
OSTEOMYELITIS. (Medullitis; Endoste-
itis.) Inflammation of the medullary
membrane lining the central canals of
long bones, as well as the cells of the
flat and irregular bones.
OTITIS. Inflammation of the ear.
OTORRHAGIA. Hemorrhage from the ears.
OTORRHOEA. (Otirrhœa; Blennotorrhœa;
Catarrh of the Ear.) A purulent or
muco-purulent discharge from the ear.
OVARIAN TUMOR. (Ovarian Dropsy; Cys-
tic Disease of Ovary.) A disease con-
sisting of a conversion of the ovary, or
parts of it, into cysts.
OVARITIS. (Oöphoritis; Oäritis; Inflam-
matio Ovarii.) Inflammation of the
ovary.
OzÆNA. (Coryza Virulenta; Pyorrhoea
Nasalis; Rhinitis Ulcerosa.) Chronic
inflammation of the nostrils.
PARALYSIS. (Paresis; Palsy.)
body.
Hemiplegia: Paralysis of one
side. Paraplegia: Paralysis of the lower
half of the body. Local Paralysis: Pa-
ralysis of the face. Progressive Locomo-
tor Atuxy: A peculiar form of paraple-
gia produced by sexual excesses. Pro-
gressive Muscular Atrophy: Paralysis
from a granular and fatty degeneration
of muscular fibre.
PARAPHIMOSIS. (Phimosis Circumligata.)
That condition in which a tight prepuce
having been drawn back over the glans
penis, the latter becomes constricted
and swollen, so that the prepuce cannot
be replaced.
A total
or partial loss of sensibility or motion,
or of both, in one or more parts of the
PARAPLEGIA. Paralysis confined to in-
ferior half of body.
PAROTITIS. (Cynanche Parotidea; Mumps.)
A specific and contagious inflammation
of salivary glands, and of parotid gland
especially.
PELLAGRA. (Scurvy of the Alps; Mania
Pellagria.) A severe constitutional or
blood disease attended with an altered
state of skin.
PELVIC CELLULITIS.
Inflammation of
the cellular or areolar tissue of pelvis.
PELVIC HEMATOCELE. (Retro-uterine
Hæmatocele; Peri-uterine Hæmatocele.)
An effusion of blood into peritoneal
pouch between uterus and rectum, or
into subperitoneal tissue behind and
around the uterus.
PEMPHIGUS. (Febris Bullosa; Bladdery
Fever.) A non-contagious skin disease.
PERICARDITIS. (Exocarditis; Inflamma-
tion of the Pericardium.) Inflammation
of the external fibro-serous covering of
the heart.
PERINEPHRITIC ABSCESS. Abscess of the
areolar tissue surrounding the kidney.
PERIOSTITIS. Inflammation of the peri-
osteum, a membrane which surrounds
the bone.
PERITONITIS. Inflammation of the serous
membrane lining the abdominal and
pelvic cavities, and investing the vis-
cera.
PERITYPHLITIS.
Inflammation of the
areolar tissue connecting the cæcum
with the psoas and iliac muscles.
32
498
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
PERTUSSIS. See Hooping-Cough.
PHARYNGITIS. (Cynanche Pharyngea.)
Inflammation of the pharynx.
PHIMOSIS. (Ligatura Glandis; Strictura
Præputii.) A preternatural constriction
of the foreskin, preventing its being
drawn back over the glans penis. May
be congenital or acquired.
ræ; Morbus Lateralis.) Inflammation
of the pleura.
PLEURODYNIA. (Pleuralgia; Pleurodyne;
Rheumatism of Walls of Chest; False
Pleurisy.) Stitch in the side.
PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. (Pleuro-peripneu-
monia.) Inflammation attacking simul-
taneously the pleura and lung.
PHLEBITIS. (Inflammatio Venarum.) In- PLICA POLONICA. (Trichosis Plica; Tri-
flammation of the veins.
PHLEBOLITES. (Vein Stones.) Small cal-
culi, from size of millet-seeds to that of
peas, occasionally found in veins.
PHLEGMASIA DOLENS. (Phlegmasia Alba
Dolens; Milk Leg; Edema Lacteum;
Crural Phlebitis; White Leg; Obstruc-
tive Phlebitis; White Swelling of Lying-
in Women.) A brawny, non-œdematous,
painful swelling of one or both lower
extremities, attended with prostration.
PHOTOPHOBIA. (Phenophobia; Aversion
to Light.) Intolerance of light atten-
dant upon many diseases of the eye.
PHRENITIS. (Acute Encephalitis; Menin-
go-Cerebritis; Brain Fever.) Inflam-
mation of the brain.
PHTHIRIASIS. (Pediculatio; Morbus Ped-
icularis.) Lousiness.
PHTHISIS. (Tabes Pulmonum; Tubercular
Phthisis.) Pulmonary consumption.
PIARHEMIA. (Lipæmia; Pioxæmia.)
Milkiness of the serum or fatty blood.
PIOXEMIA. See Piarhæmia.
PITYRIASIS. (Herpes Furfurascens; Bran-
ny Tetter; Dandriff; Dandruff.) A
chronic, non-contagious, squamous in-
flammation of the skin, attended with
slight redness and much irritation,
characterized by production of minute
white scales, or scurf, in great quantity.
PLAGUE. (The Black Death; Pestilential
Fever; Levant Plague; Septic or Gland-
ular Pestilence.) A continued contagi-
ous fever bearing a striking resemblance
to typhus.
PLETHORA. (Fulness of Blood; Polyæmia;
Hæmatoplethora; Hyperæmia.) A local
congestion or determination of blood
in one or more particular organs or
tissues.
PLEURISY. (Pleuritis; Inflammatio Pleu-
choma; Polish Ringworm.)
A disease
of the skin, probably allied to common
ringworm.
PNEUMONIA. (Pulmonitis; Inflammatio
Pulmonum; Peripneumony.) Acute in-
flammation of the substance of the
lungs. Right lung suffers twice as
often as left; lower lobes more fre-
quently attacked than upper.
PNEUMOTHORAX. (Pneumotothorax; Em-
physema Pectoris; Aërothorax.) A col-
lection of air in the pleura. When, as
generally happens, there is liquid with
the air, the disease is called Pneumo-
thorax with Effusion.
POLYÆMIA. Abundance of blood.
POLYDIPSIA. (Sitis Morbosa; Excessive
Thirst.) A symptom in many diseases.
POLYPUS. A tumor so named because it
was supposed to have numerous attach-
ments or feet.
POLYSARCIA. Excessive corpulency.
POLYURIA. (Azoturia.) A condition in
which a larger quantity of urine than
natural is secreted, containing an abso-
lute and relative increase of urea.
PRESBYOPIA. (Presbytia; Visus Senilis;
Long-sight.) An alteration in the re-
fractive powers of the eyes. It is the
earliest symptom of the commencement
of old age.
PRIAPISM. (Tentigo Penis; Horn Colic.)
Constant and distressing erection of
penis.
PROCTALGIA. (Proctagra; Proctodynia ;
Dolor Ani.) Pain about the anus, due
to neuralgia or to organic disease.
PROCTITIS. Inflammation of the rectum
and anus.
PROPTOSIS OCULI. See Graves's Disease.
PROSTATITIS. Inflammation of the pro-
state gland.
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
499
See Proctalgia.
PRURIGO. A chronic, non-contagious, | RECTAL NEURALGIA.
cutaneous disease, characterized by an RECTAL POLYPUS. A villous tumor, re-
eruption of small papulæ or pimples.
PRURITUS ANI. A very troublesome
itching of anus, not uncommon in cases
of hæmorrhoids, dyspepsia, &c.
PSORIASIS. See Lepra.
PTOSIS. (Ptosis Palpebræ; Blepharoptosis ;
Prolapsus Palpebre.) An inability to
lift the upper eyelid, from palsy of the
third nerve.
PUERPERAL MANIA.
A peculiar form
of insanity occurring to women soon
after delivery.
PULMONARY APOPLEXY. The effusion of
blood into the air-cells of the lungs, and
its coagulation there, arises from dis-
ease of heart, lung tissue, blood vessels,
or anæmia.
PULMONARY CANCER.
lungs.
sembling that sometimes found in uri-
nary bladders, occasionally growing
with a broad base from mucous mem-
brane of rectum.
RECTAL PROLAPSUS. (Prolapsus Ani;
Proctocele; Ectopia Ani; Falling of the
Fundament.) A protrusion only of mu-
cous lining of rectum, or all of the coats
of the bowels. Caused by want of tone
in sphincter ani, constipation, straining
at stool, &c.
RECTAL STRICTURE. (Rectostenosis ; Proc-
tostenosis; Strictura Ani.) Stricture of
the rectum.
RECTAL ULCER. Irritable ulcer of rectum,
or fissure of anus. An apparently slight
affection.
Cancer of the RECTITIS. (Proctitis; Architis.) Inflam-
mation of the rectum and anus. A rare
disease now that drastic purgatives and
alcoholic drinks are less abused than
formerly.
PULMONARY CONDENSATION. Consolida-
tion of the vesicular tissues of the lungs.
It may result from pneumonia, &c.
PULMONARY GANGRENE. Gangrene of
the lung. It may result from pneumo-
nia, &c.
PURPURA. (Malignant Petechial Fever;
Hæmorrhoea Petechialis.) A morbid
condition of the blood and capillary
vessels, leading to disintegration of the
red corpuscles, with diffusion of their
contents.
PYEMIA. (Pyohamia.) Blood-poisoning,
owing to absorption of ichorous or pu-
trid matters.
PYELITIS. Inflammation of mucous mem-
brane, lining pelvis and infundibula of
kidney.
PYREXIA. The febrile state, or an attack
of fever.
PYROSIS. (Ardor Stomachi; Waterbrash.)
A form of indigestion in which there is
frequent eructations of a thin, watery,
and acid or tasteless fluid.
PYTHOGENIC FEVER. An appellation
suggested for typhoid fever, literally
meaning "born of putridity."
RABIES. See Hydrophobia.
RACHITIS. See Rickets.
REFLEX PARALYSIS. That form of palsy
in which the irritation is reflected from
periphery to centre.
RELAPSING FEVER. (Famine Fever; Re-
current Fever; Five-day Fever; Seven-
day Fever; Bilious Remittent Fever;
Mild Yellow Fever; Synocha; Irish
Famine Fever.) An infectious disease,
in which at a certain period of conva-
lescence there is a relapse of all symp-
toms.
REMITTENT FEVER. (Febris Remittens;
Walcheren Fever; Mediterranean Fever;
Jungle Fever; Hill Fever of East Indies;
Bengal Fever; Bilious Remittent of
West Indies; Sierra Leone Fever; Afri-
can Fever, &c.) A fever bearing a re-
semblance to intermittent fever, except
that there is no cessation of the fever,
but simply an abatement or diminution.
RENAL CANCER. The rarest form of kid-
ney disease.
RENAL DEGENERATIONS. There are three
varieties of kidney disease included un-
der this head: Fatty, Amyloid, and
Cystic Degeneration.
RECTAL CANCER. Cancer of the rectum. RENAL PARASITES. A disease in which
500
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
a variety of entozoa infests the kid- RICKETS. (Rachitis; Osteomalacia Infan-
neys.
RENAL TUBERCLE. (Tuberculous Pyelitis.)
A disease consisting of tubercular de-
posits in the kidneys. It is generally a
secondary affection; seldom detected
until after death.
RETINITIS. Inflammation of the delicate
nervous membrane called the retina. It
occurs as a sympathetic affection in the
course of other ophthalmic complaints.
RETRO-PHARYNGEAL ABSCESS. Gen-
erally a result of acute or chronic in-
flammation of loose areolar tissue be-
tween posterior wall of pharynx and
muscles on anterior part of spine.
RHEUMATISM. Two forms: the acute and
chronic; the former, Rheumatic Fever,
Synocha Rheumatica or Hæmoarthritis,
is a formidable disease, owing to the
suffering it causes, the intensity of the
fever, and the damage it so frequently
inflicts upon the heart. A superabun-
dance of lactic acid in the system is the
supposed cause. The latter form, Rheu-
matalgia, Rheumatismus Non-febrilis or
Arthrodynia, is sometimes a sequel of
rheumatic fever, but generally a sepa-
rate constitutional affection. Very
common in old age. The fibrous tex-
tures around the joints, or the fibrous
envelopes of the nerves, or the apo-
neurotic sheaths of the muscles, or the
fascia and tendons, or the periosteum,
are the parts which suffer.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. (Rheumatic
Gout; Chronic Rheumatic Arthritis;
Nodosity of the Joints.) A chronic in-
flammatory affection of the joints, not
unlike gout in a few of its characters,
somewhat resembling rheumatism in
other points, but differing essentially
from both.
RHINOLITHES. Concretions of phosphate
and carbonate of lime, magnesia, and
mucus, which occasionally form in one
of the nasal cavities.
RHINORRHOEA. (Rhinoblennorrhœa; Nasal
Gleet.) Chronic inflammation of the
nostrils, producing a constant discharge
of mucus.
tum.) A disease peculiar to childhood,
as osteomalacia is to adults. The bones
as they grow remain soft and flexible
and bend under the weight of the body.
RODENT ULCER. (Lupoid Ulcer; Can-
croid.) Peculiar ulcer of eyelids.
ROSEOLA.
(Rose Rash; False Measles;
Epidemic Roseola.) A non-contagious
inflammatory affection of the skin. One
of the Exanthemata.
RUBEOLA. (Rötheln; Scarlatina Morbil-
losa; a hybrid of Measles and Scarlatina.)
A compound of measles and scarlatina.
RUPIA. (Ulcus Atonicum; Ecphlysis
Rhypia.) A non-contagious skin disease
occurring in debilitated constitutions,
and especially in systems contaminated
with syphilis.
SAINT ANTHONY'S FIRE. The popular
name for erysipelas.
SCABIES. (Psora; Itch; Scotch Fiddle.)
A contagious, troublesome skin disease,
attended with great itching, which is
increased by warmth, and is due to an
animal parasite called the Acarus Scabiei
or Sarcoptes Hominis.
SCARLET FEVER. (Scarlatina.) An in-
fectious fever, characterized by scarlet
efflorescence of skin and mucous mem-
brane of fauces and tonsils; the efflor-
escence commencing about second day
of fever, and declining about fifth.
Often accompanied by inflammation of
throat, and sometimes of submaxillary
glands.
SCIATICA. (Neuralgia Ischiadica; Ischi-
algia; Coxalgia.) Acute pain in sciatic
nerve.
SCIRRHUS OR HARD CAncer. (Scir-
rhoma; Carcinoma Fibrosum; Fibrous
Cancer.) The most frequent variety of
cancer. Seen occasionally in stomach,
upper part of rectum, and elsewhere,
but most frequently by far in the female
breast.
SCLEREMA. (Algide Edema.) A peculiar
disease of new-born infants, consisting
of partial or universal induration of sub-
cutaneous areolar tissue, with serous
effusion.
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
501
SCLEROTITIS. Inflammation of the scler-
otic coat of the eye.
SCROFULA. (Scrophula; Tabes Glandu-
laris; Struma; King's Evil.) See Tu-
berculosis.
SCROTAL ELEPHANTIASIS.
Enormous
hypertrophy of the scrotum. In many
cases the tumor has reached below the
knees.
SCROTAL EDEMA. The areolar tissue of
Myelapoplexia; Apoplexia Myelitica;
Apoplexy of the Cord.) Paralysis from
effusion of blood into spinal canal, or
into substance of cord.
SPINAL IRRITATION. (Rhachialgia; Neu-
ralgia Spinalis; Notalgia.) Probably
no disease exists deserving this name.
The suffering due to a combination of
myalgia and hysteria, with constitu-
tional weakness.
lomeningitis.) Acute paralysis from in-
flammation of membranes of spinal cord.
Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis occasionally
occurs as an epidemic; inmates of work-
houses, and soldiers in overcrowded bar-
racks, are liable to it.
SPLEEN, ENLARGEMENT OF. (Ague Cake.)
scrotum may rapidly become infiltrated | SPINAL MENINGITIS. (Perimyelitis; Mye-
with serum as a result of erysipelas.
SCURVY. (Scorbutus; Land Scurvy; Sea
Scurvy.) A complex morbid state,
caused by long-continued privation of
fresh succulent vegetables or fruits, or
their preserved juices.
SEPTICEMIA. (Septæmia; Putrid Infec-
tion.) Contamination of the blood with
putrefying matters.
SIMPLE CONTINUED FEVER. (Febricula;
Ephemera.) A mild disease, having a
variable duration of from one to ten
days.
SINGULTUS. See Hiccough.
SLEEPLESSNESS. (Insomnia Pervigilium.)
Often a premonitory symptom of in-
sanity, though quite a common symp-
tom of many complaints.
See
SMALL-POX. (Variola.) A continued in-
fectious fever, attended with an erup-
tion. Due to absorption of a specific
poison. The disease would probably
become extinct, were vaccination uni-
versally and efficiently performed.
SPANÆMIA. Thin or poor blood.
Anæmia.
SPERMATORRHEA. (Spermorrhœa; Gonor-
rhoea Vera; Profluvium Seminis; Pol-
lution.) A deranged state of mental
and bodily health, due to the too fre-
quent escape of seminal fluid. Mastur-
bation the most common cause.
SPINA BIFIDA. (Hydrorachitis; Hydro-
rachis Congenita; Cleft Spine.) A con-
genital deficiency of the posterior lam-
inæ and spinous process of one or more
vertebræ; owing to which there is un-
due distension of membranes of cord
with cerebro-spinal fluid.
SPINAL HEMORRHAGE. (Myelorrhagia ;
A condition which generally results
from repeated attacks of intermittent
fever.
STOMATITIS. Inflammation of the mouth.
A common disease of young children.
STOMATORRHAGIA. (Stomatorrhea; Ham-
orrhagia Oris; Buccal Hemorrhage.)
Discharges of blood from mouth and
throat. The result sometimes of scurvy,
or of an excessive use of mercury.
STROPHULUS. (Licheniasis Strophulus;
Tooth-rash; Red Gum Rash.) A papu-
lar skin disease, peculiar to infants and
young children.
STYES. (Hordeolum.) A small boil, of
the size and firmness of a barleycorn,
situated at the edge of the eyelid.
SUDAMINA. (Hydroata; Papulæ Sudo-
rales; Sweat Vesicles.) A condition
consisting of crops of small, transparent
vesicles, which come out in many dis-
eases, attended with sweating.
SUPRARENAL CAPSULAR DISEASE. (Mor-
bus Addisonii; Suprarenal Melasma.)
An excessive degree of anæmia, supposed
to be due to disease of the suprarenal
capsules.
SUSPENDED ANIMATION. (Asphyxia; Ap-
næasphyxia.) Apnoea.
SYNCOPE. Swooning; fainting.
SYPHILIPHOBIA. (Syphilomania; Noddle
Pox.) A morbid or hypochondriacal
502
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
chief feature of which is long-continued
contraction or spasm of a certain num-
ber of the voluntary muscles. Symp-
toms very similar to those produced by
poisonous doses of strychnia.
THROMBOSIS. By this term is generally un-
derstood the partial or complete closure
of a vessel, by a morbid product devel-
oped at the site of the obstruction. The
coagulum, which is usually fibrinous,
is known as autochthonous clot or throm-
bus.
fear of syphilis, producing imaginary
symptoms of the disease.
SYPHILIS. (Lues Venerea; Venereal Dis-
ease; Pox.) Two forms: primary and
constitutional. Primary occurs as a
specific ulcer or chancre, the ulcer ap-
pearing on the part to which the virus
has been directly applied; there are
four distinct varieties of these sores.
Constitutional, the result of indurated
or infecting chancres. Many cases of
chronic ill health are due to it; while
it is often the cause of obscure diseases THRUSH. (Aphtha Infantum; Febris Aph-
of the vital organs.
thosa; Vesiculæ Gingivarum; Milk
SYPHILIZATION. A term applied to the Thrush.) A disease of the mouth, oc-
condition produced by successive inocu- curring in infants. See Aphtha of
lations with syphilitic poison, in which
each succeeding chancre becomes less
and less, until a time arrives when no
ulcer can be produced by insertion of
venereal virus. Hence the inference
has been drawn that, by prolonged in-
oculation, a constitutional state is in-
duced in which the system is no longer
capable of being affected.
TABES DORSALIS. (Phthisis Dorsalis;
Myelophthisis.) A state of atrophy of
posterior columns of spinal cord, pro-
ducing palsy.
TABES MESENTERICA. (Phthisis Mesara-
ica; Serofula Mesenterica; Mesenteric
Disease; Abdominal Phthisis.) A tu-
bercular degeneration of the mesenteric
glands, often associated with tubercular
peritonitis.
TEMPERATURE OF BODY. The normal
temperature at unexposed parts of sur-
face is 98.4° Fahr. A persistent rise
above 99.5°, and a continued depression
below 97.3°, are indicative of disease.
The increase above 99° is the best index
of amount of fever present.
TESTICULAR NEURALGIA. (Irritable Tes-
tis.) Neuralgia of the testicles.
TESTITIS. Inflammation of the testicle.
It may be acute or chronic, or it may
be specific-syphilitic or tubercular.
In the acute form it is called Orchitis ;
in the chronic, Sarcocele.
TETANUS. (Rigor Nervorum; Spasm with
Mouth.
TIC DOULOUREUX. (Neuralgia Faciei;
Painful Tic.) Severe attacks of neu-
ralgic pain in nerves of face.
TINEA. A term applied to those cutane-
ous diseases which are due to presence
of epiphytes or parasitic plants. All
are contagious. There are five varie-
ties: Tinea Tonsurans, scald head; Ti-
nea Favosa, honeycomb ringworm;
Tinea Decalvans, Alopecia Areata, where
the hair falls off in spots; Tinea Sycosis,
barber's itch; Tinea Versicolor, liver
spot.
TONGUE DISEASES. The tongue is exposed
to many sources of disease and injury.
Glossitis (Angina Lingualis), inflamma-
tion of the tongue.
TONSILLITIS. (Cynanche Tonsillaris
Amygdalitis; Quinsy; Inflammatory
Sore Throat.) Inflammation of one or
both tonsils, with fever.
TOOTHACHE.
(Odontodynia ; Dentium
Dolor.) Odontalgia.
TORTICOLLIS. (Collum Obstipum; Cepha-
loloxia; Stiff-neck.) See Wry-Neck.
TOXEMIA. (Toxicohæmia; Toxicæmia.)
A contaminated state of the blood, from
absorption of some deleterious matter,
as syphilitic virus, poison of small-pox,
typhus, &c.
TRACHEITIS. Inflammation of the tra-
chea.
Rigidity; Lockjaw.) A disease, the TRICHIASIS. (Morbus Pilaris; Trichosis.)
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
503
An irregular direction of one or more!
of the eyelashes.
TRICHINIASIS. (Trichina Disease; Trichi-
nosis; Flesh-Worm Disease.) A pecu-
liar febrile, helminthic affection, attend-
ed with symptoms somewhat resembling
those of typhoid fever.
TRISMUS NASCENTIUM. (Nine-day Fits.)
A peculiar form of tetanus which occurs
in infants about second week after birth,
and is very fatal.
TUBERCULOSIS. A term applied to an
idiopathic blood disease, which mani-
fests itself by producing conditions.
commonly known as scrofula, pulmo-
nary consumption, tubercular hydro-
cephalus, tubercular peritonitis, and
tabes mesenterica. Precise nature of
change in blood is unknown; probably
the aqueous part is increased in propor-
tion to the solids, while the red corpus-
cles are especially diminished.
TYMPANITES. From Tympanum, a tam-
bourine or drum; because the belly, if
struck, sounds like a drum, when the
bowels are distended with air. Called
also Wind Dropsy, Flatulence, and Pneu-
matosis Abdominis.
TYPHLITIS. Inflammation of the cæcum.
TYPHOID FEVER. (Enteric Fever; Pytho-
genic Fever; Typhia.) An endemic,
slightly infectious, contagious fever,
most prevalent in autumn, generated
by putrefying animal matter. Mortal-
ity about one in five or six; more fatal
to the rich than the poor. Death usu-
ally due to exhaustion, uræmia, peri-
tonitis, pneumonia, or erysipelas.
TYPHUS FEVER. A contagious infectious
fever. Often prevails epidemically du-
ring seasons of general scarcity. The
accompaniment of destitution. Gener-
ated in overcrowded and ill-ventilated
dwellings. Duration from fourteen to
twenty-one days.
UREMIA. Toxæmia from accumulation
of urea in the blood, owing to its non-
elimination by the kidneys.
gonorrhoea or syphilis, and be acute or
chronic.
URINARY CALCULI. (Urolithi.) Concre-
tions found in kidneys, bladder, or fol-
licles of prostate gland.
URTICARIA. (Purpura Urticata; Exan-
thema Urticatum; Nettle Rash.) A non-
contagious affection of the skin.
UTERINE CANCER.
(Metro-carcinoma;
Carcinoma Uteri.) Cancer of the womb.
Most frequent after fortieth year.
VACCINIA. (Variola Vaccinia; Exanthe-
ma Antivariolosum; Vacciola; Inocu-
lated Cow-pox.) A disease produced by
inoculation from the virus of cow-pox,
such disease affording protection against
the contagion of small-pox.
VAGINAL PROLAPSUS. (Hysteroptosis Va-
gina; Colpoptosis; Elytroptosis.) A
descent, more or less complete, of the
vagina.
VAGINISMUS. An involuntary spasmodic
closure of the sphincter muscle of the
vagina, with such excessive supersensi-
tiveness of the surrounding tissues as
to form a complete barrier to coition.
VAGINITIS. Inflammation of the vagina,
acute or chronic; the former (Elytritis,
Colpitis) not very common, the latter
(Catarrhus Genitalium, The Whites, Va-
ginal Leucorrhoea, Blennorrhoea Genital-
ium), one of the most common diseases
to which women (particularly the mar-
ried) are liable.
VARICELLA. See Chicken-pox.
VARICOCELE. (Oscheocele Varicosa; Sper-
matocele; Cirsocele.) A varicose con-
dition of the veins of the spermatic
cord. They arise from any cause which
retards upward flow of blood.
VARIOLA.
See Small-pox.
VASCULAR TUMORS OF URETHRAL ORI-
FICE. (Urethral Hæmorrhoids.) Not
uncommon in females; very rarely have
been found at orifice of male urethra.
VENEREAL DISEASE. A term generally
applied to those disorders which result
from impure coition.
URETHRITIS. Inflammation of the ure- | VERRUCE. (Ecphyma Verruca; Vegeta-
thra. It may occur independently of
tions; Warts.) A harmless condition
504
DISEASES: THEIR DEFINITIONS.
symptom in phthisis. A slow and grad-
ual fall, more serious than a rapid and
irregular diminution. A steady loss al-
ways precedes tuberculosis:
Ft.
5
5
In.
consisting of collections of hypertro-
phied cutaneous papillæ.
VERTIGO. (Circumgyratio; Giddiness;
Swimming of the Head.) A transitory
sense of giddiness, of whirling around,
or of falling. Often a symptom of in- Exact stature.
cipient disease of brain; sometimes be-
tokens general weakness, or a poison in
the blood.
VESICAL INFLAMMATION. (Cystitis; Cys-
tophlogia.) Inflammation of the blad-
der. It may be acute or chronic; the
latter, Chronic Cystitis, Cystirrhœa,
Blennorrhoea, Urinalis Tenesmus Vesica
Mucosus, or Catarrhus Vesica, frequently
due to gout, retention of decomposing
urine, &c.
VESICAL
IRRITABILITY.
Vesicæ; Cysterethismus.)
1 2 3 4
Mean weight.
Weight increased
by 7 per cent.
Pounds.
Pounds.
120
128
126
135
5
133
142
5
139
149
5
5
142
152
5
6
145
155
5
7
148
158
5
8
155
166
5
9
162
173
5
10
169
181
(Impatientia
Irritability
5
11
174
186
6
0
178
190
of the bladder. It is said to exist when
there is an unnaturally frequent desire
to pass urine.
VESICAL PARALYSIS. (Cystoparalysis;
Cystoplegia; Acystinervia.) Paralysis
of the muscular coat of the bladder.
VILLOUS CANCER. A variety of medul-
lary, and perhaps of epithelial cancer,
occurring most frequently on mucous
membrane of urinary bladder.
VOMITING AND RETCHING. (Emesis.)
Sickness of the stomach, due to forcible
and repeated contractions of the stom-
ach, with relaxation of the cardiac
sphincter, so that the gastric contents
are expelled upwards.
VULVAL CORRODING ULCER. (Vulval
Esthiomenos.) An inveterate and pro-
gressive ulceration of external genitals.
VULVAL Pruritus. Irritation of the
vulva. It may be simply a local affec-
tion, or a symptom of some disease.
VULVITIS. Inflammation of the vulva.
WASTING PALSY. A degeneration of the
voluntary muscles, producing complete
loss of power. See Paralysis.
WEIGHT OF BODY. The following table
shows the normal weight in proportion
to height. Loss of weight is an early
This reads: 5 ft. 1 in. should weigh in
his clothes 120 pounds; he may exceed
this by 7 per cent., and so attain 128
pounds, without affecting his vital ca-
pacity; beyond this amount his respira-
tion becomes diminished. The average
weight of the clothes at different ages
is one-eighteenth of the total weight of
the male body, and one-twenty-fourth
of that of the female.
WRY-NECK. (Torticollis.) A distortion,
in which the head is drawn down to one
side, and the face directed to the oppo-
site, due to contraction of one sterno-
mastoid muscle.
YELLOW FEVER. (Pestilentia Hæmagas-
trica; Bulam Fever; Mal de Siam;
Typhus Icterodes; Bilious Remitting
Yellow Fever; Black Vomit; Yellow
Jack.) An acute and very dangerous
fever, accompanied with jaundice, se-
vere headache, and vomiting of black
matter, almost limited to warm cli-
mates.
ZONA. (Herpes Zoster; Shingles.) That
form of herpes in which the vesicles,
with their inflamed patches, are ar-
ranged in the form of a band encircling
half the circumference of the body.
POISONS: THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS.
505
POISONS: THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS.
TOXICOLOGICAL TABLE,
EXHIBITING THE SYMPTOMS OF POISONING, THE ANTIDOTES FOR EACH POISON,
AND THE TESTS PROPER FOR THEIR DETECTION.
General Symptoms of Poisoning.
WHEN a person in perfect health is suddenly attacked, after having taken food or
drink, with violent pain, cramp in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, convulsive actions,
and a sense of suffocation; or when under the same circumstances, he is seized with
vertigo, delirium, or unusual drowsiness, there is every reason to suspect that he has
taken poison.
Poisoning may be distinguished from a sudden fit of apoplexy, by the stomach
and throat not being affected in the latter. In all cases of poisoning employ the
stomach-pump as promptly as possible.
During his experiments on the diffusion of liquids, Prof. Graham discovered that
solutions of certain bodies pass through membranes with considerable facility, while
others pass through very slowly. He soon found that the former class embraced
bodies which were of a crystalline character, such as metallic salts, and organic
bodies, such as sugar, morphia, and oxalic acid; while the latter class consisted of
bodies devoid of crystalline power, such as gum, albumen, gelatin, &c. He there-
fore gave to one class, consisting of easily diffusible substances, the name crystalloid,
and to the other the name of colloid. Among the crystalloids, alcohol is classed,
and among the colloids, many soluble oxides, which are in an uncrystalline modifi-
cation, such as hydrated soluble silicic acid, soluble sesquioxide of iron, soluble alu-
mina, &c. The most convenient dividing film or septum, as the discoverer named
it, is made of parchment paper.
A sheet of this paper is stretched over a gutta
percha hoop, and its edges are well drawn up and confined by an outer hoop; it is
then allowed to float on a basin of pure water, and in it is poured a mixed solution
of colloid and crystalloid. Diffusion commences at once; the crystalloid rapidly
passes through and dissolves in the pure water beneath, while the colloid, for the
most part, remains behind. This process of separation is called dialysis, and it is
now in constant use in chemical laboratories for effecting separations which would
be extremely difficult, if not impossible, by other processes. Thus, gruel or broth,
containing a very little arsenic (arsenious acid) dissolved in it, and submitted to
dialysis, gives up the whole of its arsenic to the pure water, while scarcely a trace of
the organic matter passes through. The arsenic can be detected with the greatest
facility in the water, while if it had remained mixed with the great excess of organic
matter, its separation and detection would have offered considerable difficulties. In
cases of suspected poisoning, the course now generally pursued is, to pour the whole
contents of the stomach, or other liquid which the chemist has to examine, upon a
dialyser, and after allowing it to stay there for twenty-four hours, to examine the
aqueous solution with the proper tests. Almost all the poisons in common use, such
as arsenic, strychnine, corrosive sublimate, oxalic acid, sugar of lead, morphia,
being crystalloids, easily pass through, and the work of the chemist or toxicologist
is very much simplified, as he has only an aqueous solution of a comparatively pure
substance to deal with, instead of a highly complex mixture of organic substances.
If urine is dialyzed, and the aqueous solution evaporated and extracted with alcohol,
pure urea is obtained in beautiful white crystals.
506
POISONS: THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS.
Names.
Symptoms.
Antidotes.
Tests.
Acids.
Nitric.
Citric.
Muriatic.
Sulphuric.
Oxalic.
Alkalies.
The mouth and throat has Prompt and free use of Nitric acid causes yellow
a severe sense of burning; mixtures of chalk; the car-stains; and sulphuric black.
the taste sour and acrid, bonate of soda, lime, or mag-Citric acid is blackened by
with acrid eructations; lips nesia, with milk. Any of heat; muriatic acid is de-
and lining membrane of the these may be given freely for tected by the addition of ni-
mouth shrivelled; excruci-citric acid, or for muriatic trate of silver, which throws
ating pain in the stomach; and sulphuric acids; for ni- down a white precipitate, an
matter vomited brown or tric and oxalic the carbon-insoluble hydrochlorate of
black, and effervesces with ates of magnesia and lime silver. The nitrate of baryta
carbonate of lime; hiccough; are preferable.
tenderness of the abdomen;
laborious breathing;
tremities cold and clammy;
great sinking and exhaus-
tion. Burning pains in the
mouth, throat, and stomach;
vomiting of dark, bloody
matter, or violent purging;
pulse faint and fluttering,
heart becomes paralyzed.
ex-
Violent burning; caustic
Vinegar or lemon-juice; the
in solution gives to sulphuric
acid a white precipitate in-
soluble in nitric acid. Nitric
acid when treated with sul-
phate of indigo in a tube de-
stroys the color. Oxalic acid
gives a dense white precipi-
tate with nitrate of silver;
and with lime-water it gives
a white precipitate, which is
converted into chlorate of
lime when heated.
Caustic potassa has a soapy
Potassa, Soda, taste in the mouth; swallow-fixed oils, as olive, almond, feel, is very soluble, the so-
and their car-ing difficult and painful, with castor, or linseed oils, con-lution having a strong alka-
bonates. destruction of the lining vert the alkalies into soap. line reaction; restores the
membrane of the mouth and
color of turmeric paper that
throat; vomiting often of
has been reddened by an
blood; pain in the stomach;
acid.
cold sweats; hiccough;
bloody stools; subsultus and
death.
Nitrate of Po-
tassa.
Saltpetre.
Ammonia,
and its salts.
Sulphuret of
Potassa, or
Liver of Sul-
phur.
Arsenic,
and its com-
binations.
Severe pains in the stom-| Active emetic; antiphlo-Yields nitrous fumes when
ach, and over the whole gistic treatment; plentiful heated with strong sulphu-
body; violent colic pains, draughts of mucilaginous ric acid; chloride of plati-
with vomiting and purging drinks,
of bloody matters.
num gives a yellow precipi-
tate. Nitrate of potassa de-
crepitates on hot coals.
Ammonia is distinguished
Symptoms similar to those Promptly administer vine-
arising from potassa and gar, or lemon-juice; if in- by its pungent odor. Carbo-
soda; pungent, suffocating haled, inhale heated vine-nate of ammonia is precipi-
sensation; inflammation of gar.
the mucous membrane.
Violent burning pain, and
tated by the salts of lime.
Muriate of ammonia with ni-
trate of silver, yields an am-
moniacal odor.
Chloride of soda or lime; Liver of sulphur when solid,
a feeling of constriction in common salt.
the throat; vomiting; strong
odor of hydrosulphuric acid
gas.
Intense heat and pain in
Stomach-pump; emetics,
of a grayish, greenish, or
yellowish color. With mine-
ral acids, gives off hydrosul-
phuric acid gas.
Several different tests are
the stomach; retching and vomiting excited by tickling recommended and employed
vomiting; great thirst; sense the throat with a feather; for the detection of this poi-
of stricture in the throat; free administration of de-son.
purging; great prostration;mulcents, flaxseed tea, warm Arsenic in the solid form
severe spasms; pallor of the or cold milk, infusion of slip-should be reduced to the me-
face; clammy sweats; con-pery elm. But the most valu-tallic state, by mixing it
vulsions; death.
able antidote is the freshly with powdered charcoal;
prepared hydrated peroxide of then introduce the mixture
iron, promptly administered into a small glass tube, and
in large doses; or the pre-heat gradually over a spirit-
cipitated carbonate may be lamp; a dark shining me-
administered every five or tallic crust will be formed,
ten minutes.
a portion of which when
heated, will give out the gar-
lic odor, if arsenic be pres-
ent.
When arsenic exists in the
contents of the stomach, in
solution, the liquid must be
first clarified, and to this
clear solution apply the fol-
lowing tests: A stream of hy-
drosulphuric acid gas throws
down a bright yellow precipi-
tale. Ammonio-nitrate of sil-
Iver causes a yellow precipitate,
POISONS: THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS.
507
Names.
Symptoms.
Antidotes.
Tests.
Antimony.
Violent vomitings; great When vomiting has not
which soon changes to a
brown. Ammonio-sulphate of
copper gives a green precipi-
tate. The metallic crust will
be obtained by heating any
of these precipitates with
powdered charcoal in a glass
tube.
Marsh's test consists in
throwing some of the sus-
pected fluid into a mixture
of one part of sulphuric acid
and six of water, and some
pure zinc being added, in
setting fire to the gas, as it
issues from the jet, and hold-
ing over it a plate of glass;
if there be any arsenious
acid present in the fluid, a
spot of metallic arsenic will
be obtained.
Infusion of gall-nuts gives
Tartar Emetic. heat and pain in the epigas- taken place,administer large a dirty-white precipitate; sub-
tric region; purging; colic draughts of warm
of warm water; carbonate of potassa, a white
pains; difficult deglutition; decoction of bark, or of nut-precipitate.
Alcohol,
rations.
spasms.
galls; opium, when vomiting
has continued long enough;
strong decoction of green tea.
When taken to excess, in- Stomach-pump; powerful
and its prepa-toxication; insensibility; emetic; copious draughts of
apoplexy; paralysis; face warm water, to encourage
swollen; difficult, stertorous vomiting; large injections of
breathing; breath has the salt and water; erect posi-
odor of alcohol.
tion; friction to the ex-
tremities when cold.
Baryta,
and its salts.
Bismuth,
and its com-
binations.
Cantharides.
Copper,
Sulphuric acid or the sul-
Symptoms analogous to The sulphates of soda or
those of irritant poisons in magnesia are prompt anti-phates.
general; respiration weak; dotes.
great prostration; convul-
sions; death.
Very similar in its action Administer mucilaginous
to that of other irritant poi- drinks freely; milk; reduce
sons; acrid, disagreeable inflammatory action on gen-
taste; great irritation of the eral principles.
lining membrane of the ali-
mentary canal; vomiting;
spasms; suppressed urine;
death.
Excessive irritation and Emetics; encouraged by
burning in the throat, stom-copious draughts of tepid
ach, and belly; aversion to water; milk, linseed oil or
liquids; frequent, sometimes tea, sugar and water, very
bloody vomiting; priapism; freely; oily and demulcent
strangury, with heat in the injections into the bladder.
bladder; blood from the to ease the strangury; anti-
urethra; delirium; convul- phlogistic treatment.
sions, and death.
Symptoms resembling those The whites of eggs; albu-
Ammonia gives to a solu-
and its prepa-caused by arsenic and cor- men in any form; milk; iron tion of copper a beautiful
rations.
Chloroform
and Ether.
Hydrocyanic
Acid.
Prussic Acid.
rosive sublimate; a peculiar filings are useful.
coppery taste in the mouth
coppery eructations; if fatal,
death preceded by convul-
sions and insensibility.
Small doses cause nausea,
Stomach-pump; exposure
of patient to a current of
pure air; cold affusion; gal-
vanism; artificial respiration
blue color. A polished iron
bar dipped in a solution of
copper is coated by a crust
of the metal.
Ammonia, in a concentra- The peculiar or peach-
pain in the head, salivation. ted form, should be adminis-kernel odor; nitrate of sil-
In large, fatal doses, death tered; the inhalation of am-ver causes a white precipi-
almost instantaneous; death moniacal water; chlorine; tate; persalts of iron yields
is sometimes preceded by cold affusion to the head. a grayish-green precipitate.
convulsions.
508
POISONS: THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS.
Names.
Symptoms.
Antidotes.
Tests.
Iodine,
Burning pain in the throat! Vomiting encouraged by Peculiar odor; mixed with
and its prepa- and pit of the stomach; tepid water; administer a solution of starch, yields a
retching; great pain and starch; wheat flour mixed blue precipitate.
tenderness of the epigastri- with water.
rations.
Lead,
rations.
um; eyes suffused; head-
ache.
Sometimes slight irritation
Emetic of sulphate of zinc; Iodide of potassium and
and its prepa- only is present; usually Epsom or Glauber salts; chromate of potassa, yield a
symptoms of inflammation chlorate of potash; dilute fine yellow precipitate. A
occur, combined with those sulphuric acid. In paralysis, slip of zinc held in the solu-
of lead-colic, followed by strychnia; in the mild form, tion receives a deposit of the
convulsions, coma, or by local iodide of potassium.
lead, in the form of arbores-
paralysis; death.
cent crystals.
Mercury,
Excessive styptic taste; Whites of eggs; milk; glu- Obtain a solution of corro-
and its prepa-burning in the throat; vio-ten of wheat; albumen in sive sublimate, of which
rations. lent vomiting; purging of any form should be promptly place a drop on the surface
Narcotic Poi-
sons.
Opium,
Henbane,
Lactucarium,
Solanum,
Laurel, &c.
Diagnosis of
Apoplexy
and Narcotic
Poisons.
Opium,
and its prepa-
rations.
Hyoscyamus,
blood; great irritation of the adininistered.
urinary organs; loss of voice;
cold, clammy sweats; ten-
dency to stupor; convul-
sions; death.
Apoplexy is generally pre-
ceded by certain premoni-
tory symptoms, headache,
tinnitus aurium, &c.
Apoplexy generally at-
tacks old plethoric persons.
The symptoms of narcotic
poisons come on gradually;
those of apoplexy generally
set in suddenly. In apo-
plectic stupor, the patient
cannot be aroused to con-
sciousness; while in narco-
tism, the patient may be
aroused from the deepest
lethargy by shaking, by in-
jecting water into his ear, or
by speaking to him in a loud
voice.
Giddiness; heaviness in the Evacuate the stomach; emet-
head; stupor, not preceded ics of sulphate of zinc, as-
by any excitement; inclina-sisted by titillation of the
tion to vomit; slow breath-throat; cold waterdashed on
ing; pupils generally con- the face, where the stomach
tracted: eyes closed; ghastly is torpid, may assist the ac-
features; inclination to sleep tion of the emetic. Large
irresistible; sometimes fu- salt water or soap and water
rious delirium; pulse very injections, to evacuate the
feeble; limbs relaxed; death. bowels. The utmost pains
should be taken to keep the
patient aroused by causing
incessant action. He should
be dragged between two as-
sistants, and cold water be
repeatedly dashed on his
head. Artificial respiration,
stimulants, as aminonia,
camphor, &c., &c. After the
poison is removed, strong
coffee, decoction of galls,
vegetable acids may be given.
If the heat declines, fric-
tions and warmth must be.
perseveringly employed.
Same antidotes as in treat-
or Henbane, loss of voice; coma, or vio-ment for opium.
Vertigo; pupils dilated;
'lent delirium.
of polished gold, then bring
a bit of iron in contact with
both-a galvanic circle is
thus formed, and the acid
will be transferred to the
iron, whilst the metallic
mercury will be deposited
on the gold. Potassa yields,
with a solution of corrosive
sublimate, a yellowish pre-
cipitate-ammonia, a white;
lime-water, an orange; and
sulphuretted hydrogen
black precipitate.
•
a
POISONS: THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS.
509


Names.
Symptoms.
Antidotes.
Narcotic
This class of poisons in-
Acrid Poisons. cludes those possessing a
double action, the one local
and irritating, the other con-
sisting of an impression on
the nervous system, which
is sometimes indicated by
narcotic, and at other times
by violent tetanic symptoms.
They generally prove fatal
by their action on the nerv-|
ous system. The organs on
which they act remotely are
the brain, the spinal cord,
and sometimes the heart.
Atropa,
Belladonna,
Cicuta Macu-
lata,
Hemlock,
Tobacco,
Thorn-apple,
Foxglove,
Hellebore,
Ergot, &c.
Convulsive actions of the
Active emetics; free pur-
muscles of the face and ging with saline cathartic.
limbs; violent agitation; de- If stupor, venesection is re-
lirium; severe vomiting and commended. Leeches, &c.,
purging; great prostration; if inflammatory symptoms
convulsions; death.
arise.
Tests.
Strychnia,
rations.
These poisons act on the
Immediate expulsion of
and its prepa- spinal cord, inducing convul- the poison from the stomach
sions, stiffness, and spasms of by the stomach-pump, or by
Nux Vomica, the muscles of respiration. an active emetic. Iodine,
Cocculus Indi- Death may suddenly result chlorine, bromine, and chlo-
from spasms, or the patient ral hydrate are said to be
may die apparently from ex-antidotes to the alkaloids.
Woorara, &c. haustion, or from inflamma-
cus,
Upas,
Tin,
tion of the stomach and
bowels.
Severe colic pains; violent
Milk administered freely;
tion of nutgalls.
and its prepa- purging. In fatal cases som- bicarbonate of soda;
rations.
Bichloride,
Oxide, &c.
Zinc,
and its prepa-
rations.
Sulphate,
Acetate, &c.
nolency and catalepsy.
When strong, the bichlo-
decoc-ride of tin coagulates milk
completely; precipitates ve-
getable coloring matter.
Metallic taste; violent Carbonate of soda in solu- Hydrosulphuric acid
vomiting and purging; sense tion; milk.
of constriction in the throat;
pains in the epigastrium;
dyspnoea; great paleness.
throws down a white pre-
cipitate. The free alkalies
give a white precipitate.
A
510
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. U. S.
Pound.
tb 1
Troy Ounces.
CAN
12
1
Drachms.
96
8
3 1
Scruples.
Troy Grains.
288
5760
24
480
3
60
1
gr. 20
The Imperial Standard Troy weight, at present recognized by the British laws,
corresponds with the Apothecaries' weight in pounds, ounces, and grains, but dif-
fers from it in the division of the ounce, which, according to the former scale, con-
tains twenty pennyweights, each weighing twenty-four grains.
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. Br.
Pound.
Ib 1
Ounces.
16
oz. 1
Drachms.
256
16
dr. 1
Troy Grains.
7000
437.5
gr. 27.34375
Pound.
Relative Value of Troy and Avoirdupois Weights.
Pounds.
0.822857 Avoirdupois
1 Troy
1 Avoirdupois 1.215277 Troy
Pound. Ounces. Grains.
0
13
72.5
1
2
280
APOTHECARIES' OR WINE MEASURE.
U. S.
Gallon.
Pints.
Fluidounces.
Fluidrachms.
Minims.
Cubic Inches.
Cong.
1
8
128
1024
61440
231
0 1
16
128
7680
28.875
fz 1
8
480
1.8047
fz 1
m 60
.2256
IMPERIAL MEASURE.
Adopted by the British Pharmacopoeia.
Gallon.
1
Pints.
8
1
Fluidounces.
160
Fluidrachms.
1280
Minims.
76800
20
160
9600
1
8
480
1
60
Relative Value of Apothecaries' and Imperial Measure.
APOTHECARIES' MEASURE.
IMPERIAL MEASURE.
Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims.
1
1 Gallon
1 Pint
1 Fluidounce
1 Fluidrachm
1 Minim
6
13
2
23
16
5
18
1
0
20
1
2.5
1.04
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
511
APOTHECARIES' MEASure.
IMPERIAL MEASURE.
Gallon.
Pints.
Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims.
1 Gallon
1 Pint
1 Fluidounce
1 Fluidrachm
1 Minim
1
1
9
5
8
1
3
1
38
7
41
58
0.96
Relative Value of Weights and Measures in Distilled Water at 60° Fahrenheit.
1. Value of Apothecaries' Weight in Apothecaries' Measure.
0.7900031 pints
1 Pound
1 Ounce
1.0533376 fluid ounces
1 Drachm
1.0533376 fluidrachms
1 Scruple
1 Grain
|| || ||
Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims.
0
12
5
7.2238
0
1
0
25.6020
0
1
3.2002
0
0
21.0667
0
0
0
1.0533
1 Gallon
1 Pint
2. Value of Apothecaries' Measure in Apothecaries' Weight.
1 Fluidounce
1 Fluidrachm
1 Minim
10.12654270 pounds
1.26581783 pounds
0.94936332 ounces
0.94936332 drachms
0.94936332 grains
A
tb
3 3 Э
Gr.
Grains.
10 1 4 0
8.88
= 58328.886
1
3
1
1
11.11
0 0
7
1
15.69
0 0
0
2 16.96
3. Value of Avoirdupois Weight in Apothecaries' Measure.
7291.1107
455 6944
56.9618
.9493
Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims.
1 Pound
1 Ounce
0.9600732 pints
0
15
2
53.3622
0.9600732 fluidounces
0
7
40.8351
4. Value of Apothecaries' Measure in Avoirdupois Weight.
1 Gallon
1 Pint
8.33269800 pounds.
1.04158725 pounds.
1.04158725 ounces.
1 Fluidounce
5. Value of Imperial Measure in Apothecaries' and Avoirdupois Weights.
Imperial Measure.
Apothecaries' Weight.
Avoirdupois Weight. Grains.
Cubic Inches.
1 Gallon
=
12 tb 13 6 3 2 0 gr.
10 tb 0 oz. =
70,000
277.27384
1 Pint
1
6 1 2 10
1
1 Fluidounce
7
0 17.5
4
1
8,750
34.65923
437.5
1.73296
1 Fluidrachm
2
14.69
54.69
0.21662
1 Minim
91
0.00361
In converting the weights of liquids heavier or lighter than water into measures,
or conversely, a correction must be made for specific gravity. In converting weights
into measures, the calculator may proceed as if the liquid was water, and the ob-
tained measure will be to the true measure inversely as the specific gravity. In the
converse operation, of turning measures into weights, the same assumption may be
made, and the obtained weight will be to the true weight directly as the specific
gravity.
512
ATTFIELD'S SATURATION TABLES.
ATTFIELD'S SATURATION TABLES,
AND
FOR ACIDS AND ALKALINE
ALKALINE CARBONATES.
EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS of Citric Acid, Tartaric Acid, Carbonate of Potassium, Bi-
carbonate of Potassium, Carbonate of Sodium, Bicarbonate of Sodium, Carbo-
nate of Ammonium, and Carbonate of Magnesium; repeated (IN BLACK) for
20 parts of each, and incidentally (in Roman) for other proportions. (Exact
to two places of decimals.)
6 5
Citric Acid; (Н½СН¿Оï, Н₂0)÷3 x 2—140.
Tartaric Acid; H2C4H4O-150...
Carb. of Potas.; K₂CO₂+16 per ct. Aq.=164.285...
Bicarbonate of Potassium; 2(KHCO3)=200...
Carbonate of Sodium; Na,CO3, 10H₂O=286.
Bicarbonate of Sodium; 2(NaHCO3)=168..
20.00 18.66 | 16.96 14.00 9.78 16.66 23.72 29.31
21.43 20.00 18.26 15.00 10.49 17.85 25.42 31.41
23.47 21.90 20.00 16.43 11.48 19.52 27.87 34.40
28.57 26.66 24.34 20.00 13.98 23.81 33.89 41.90
40.08 38.13 34.81 28.60 20.00 34.04 48.47 | 59.98
24.00 22.40 20.45 16.80 11.74 20.00 28.47 35.18
Carbonate of Ammonium; (N₁H16C308)÷2-118..... 16.85 15.73 14.36 11.80 8.25 14.04 20.00˚ 24.71
Carb. of Mag. ((MgCO3)½, Mg2HO, 4H,O)÷4–95.5... 13.64 12.73 11.62 9.55 6.68 11.37 16.18 20.00
The amount of acid given in any column will saturate the amount of carbonate
in the same column, and vice versa.
The amounts of carbonate in any column are equal to each other in chemical
power. The amounts of acid are also equivalent.
Lemon Juice (sp. gr. 1039) contains, on an average, 7 per cent. by weight of
citric acid.
THE SAME TABLE IN ROUND NUMBERS, FOR PURPOSES OF PRESCRIBING AND
DISPENSING. (The old names in Latin.)
Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum, B. P.)..........
Tartaric Acid (Acidum Tartaricum, B. P.)………………..
Carb. of Potassium (Potassæ Carbonas, B. P.).....
Bicarb. of Potas. (Potassæ Bicarbonas, B. P.)…………..
Carb. of Sodium (cryst.) (Soda Carbonas, B. P.)...|
Bicarb. of Sodium (Soda Bicarbonas, B. P.)...
Carb. of Ammonium (Ammoniæ Carb., B. P.)....
Carb. of Mag. (Magnesiæ Carbonas, B. P.).........
20 19 17 14 10 17 24 30
22
20
18
15
11 18
26 32
24
22
20
16
12
20
28
35
29
27
24
20
14
24
34
42
40
38
35
28
20
34
49
60
24
22
20
17
12
20
29
36
17
16
14
12
8
14
20 25
13
13
11
9
11
16 20
-
The Table is read thus: 20 grains of Citric Acid will saturate 29 grains of Bi-
carbonate of Potassium; 20 grains of Bicarbonate of Sodium will saturate, or be
saturated by, 18 grains of Tartaric Acid; 11 grains of Tartaric Acid 8 grains of
Carbonate of Ammonium; 20 grains of Bicarbonate of Sodium are equivalent to,
or will do as much work as, 34 grains of Carbonate of Sodium; 14 grains of Citric
Acid are as strong as 15 of Tartaric Acid. It is occasionally convenient to double
the numbers, halve them, or take some other proportion; also to employ them in
weights other than grains.
Lemon Juice contains, on an average, 32 grains of Citric Acid in one fluid
ounce, or 4 grains per fluid drachm.
CHEMICAL FORMULA.
513
TABLE OF BOILING-POINTS OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES.
Name of Substance.
Liquid Sulphurous Acid,
Aldehyde,.
Ether,
•
Bisulphide of Carbon,
Acetone,
Bromine,
•
Wood Spirit,.
Alcohol,
Benzole,
Water,.
Butyric Ether,
Boiling-Point.
Fahrenheit.
Specific Gravity
at 32° F.
17.6°
69.4°
0.8009
94.8°
0.7365
118.5°
1.2931
133.3°
0.8144
•
145.4°
3.1872
149.9°
0.8179
173.1°
0.8151
176.8°
0.8991
212.0°
1.0000
238.8°
0.9041
240.2°
2.2671
273.0°
2.2050
•
308.0°
2.8128
347.5°
2.9249
640.0°
1 8540
662.0°
13.5960
Perchloride of Tin,
Terchloride of Arsenic,
Bromide of Silicon,
Terbromide of Phosphorus,
Sulphuric Acid,.
Mercury,.
CHEMICAL FORMULE.
In order to express briefly the composition of chemical compounds, a certain
symbolic notation is used; certain symbols are grouped together into what is called
a chemical formula; and with the aid of chemical formulæ the chemical changes
which occur when various bodies are put in contact can be conveniently represented
by means of chemical equations.
To represent the chemical composition of a substance, letters are used to denote
the elements which occur in it. These letters are in general, the initials of the Eng-
lish or Latin names of the elements in question; thus, H stands for hydrogen, 0
for oxygen, and K (kalium Lat.) for potassium; and two characteristic letters of
the name when there are two elements with the same initial, thus, C stands for car-
bon, Cl for chlorine, and Co for cobalt; N denotes nitrogen, and Na (natrium Lat.)
denotes sodium.
In order to symbolize a body composed of several elements, the letters denoting
these elements are written one following the other in an order depending on custom.
Thus, hydrochloric acid (hydrogen and chlorine) is written HCl, and hydrate of
potassium-or potassic hydrate as it is now called-(potassium, hydrogen, and oxy-
gen), is written KHO. But these initial letters are made to express more than this.
According to the laws of chemical equivalence, the elements combine with each
other in definite proportions; and if in any given compound one of the elements be,
33
514
CHEMICAL FORMULÆ.
by some chemical change, replaced by another element, a certain definite quantity
of the second is always substituted for a given weight of the first. Thus potassic
hydrate always contains 39 parts by weight of potassium, 1 part by weight of hy-
drogen, and 16 parts by weight of oxygen; and if by any means we can substitute
sodium for potassium in the compound, and thus produce sodic hydrate NaHO, 39
parts by weight of potassium are always replaced by 23 parts by weight of sodium.
When two or more elements unite together in more proportions than one, they
unite in quantities which are multiples of the weights called their atomic weights.
The numbers referred to above, viz., 1 for hydrogen, 39 for pctassium, 16 for oxy-
gen, and 23 for sodium, are the atomic weights of those bodies respectively; and
it is found that all the compounds of potassium with oxygen, contain 39 parts by
weight of potassium, or a multiple of that number of parts, and 16 parts by weight
of oxygen, or a multiple of that number of parts, and so of all other cases of chemi-
cal combination.
The symbols of the elements are therefore made to represent their atomic weights;
thus the combining proportion of hydrogen being the unit, H stands for 1, O for 16,
K for 39, Na for 23, Cl for 35.5, and so on; and when we write the symbol KHO
for potassic hydrate, we mean that the body is composed of potassium, hydrogen, and
oxygen combined together in the proportions 39, 1, and 16 by weight respectively.
In order to represent combination in multiple proportions, we write suffixes in con-
nection with the symbol of the elements concerned. Thus, K₂O denotes that 2×39
parts by weight of potassium are combined with 16 parts by weight of oxygen.
On this principle the oxides of potassium are written thus (using the latest nom-
enclature):
Oxygen.
X
Name.
Symbol.
Potassium.
Potassic Protoxide,
Potassic Dioxide, .
K₂0
39 × 2
16 x 1
K₁O₂
39 X 2
16 × 2
X
Potassic Tetroxide,
K204
39 X 2
16 x 4.
When we wish to represent a change taking place on the contact of two or more
substances, we write on the left-hand side of the algebraic sign (=) equal to, the
symbols of the bodies mixed, and put between them the algebraic sign (+) plus;
and on the right-hand side of the sign of equality we write the symbols of the
bodies produced by the reaction with the sign (+) between them.
Thus the equation:
KHO+HCl=KCl+H,O
means that on bringing potassic hydrate (KHO) in contact with a sufficient quan-
tity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) a chemical reaction takes place, whereby potassic
chloride (KCl) and water (H₂O) are produced. It is to be noticed that, since each
of the symbols represents a certain weight of the body for which it stands, the
quantities of the various bodies employed in a reaction, and the quantities of the
newly formed bodies obtained, are represented in the equation; thus, KHO stands
for 56; and if we please to make a calculation in pounds, stands for 56 lbs.
that scale HCl represents 36.5 lbs. of hydrochloric acid, and the equation affirms
that on mixing 56 lbs. of potassic hydrate with 36.5 lbs. of hydrochloric acid, we
shall obtain 74.5 lbs. of potassic chloride—for that is the quantity represented on the
one pound scale by KC1-and 18 lbs. of water.
; on
In some cases it is necessary to show that in a reaction several equivalents of one
ATOMIC WEIGHTS OF ELEMENTS.
515
body are mixed with one or more equivalents of another body. This is done by
writing a large figure before the symbol with which it is to be connected.
Thus in the equation :
Chlorine.
6CI
+
Potassic Hydrate.
6KHO
Potassic Chlorate.
Potassic Chloride.
Water.
KCIO 3 + 5KCl + 3H₂O.
2
the employment of the numbers 6, 5, 3, denotes that in the reaction are concerned
those multiples of the bodies with whose symbols they are connected. The above
equation is sometimes written,
2
3C1½ +6KHO = KC103, &c.
2
3
3C1, being used instead of 6C1 upon theoretical considerations, but both mean the
same thing. In a few cases the sign (—) minus is employed; thus, KC10, — 03
KCI would mean that if from potassic chlorate a certain quantity of oxygen be
removed potassic chloride is left, the method of deoxidation not being indicated in
the equation.
Aluminium,.
ATOMIC WEIGHTS OF ELEMENTS.
•
27.34 Molybdenum,
Antimony,
Arsenic,
Barium,
Bismuth,
Boron,
Bromine,
Cadmium,
Cæsium,
Calcium,
Carbon,
Cerium,
Chlorine,
Chromium,
Cobalt, .
Copper,.
Didymium,
Erbium,
Fluorine,
Glucinum,
Gold,
Hydrogen,
Indium,
Iodine,
Iridium,
Iron,
Lanthanum,
Lead,
Lithium,
Magnesium,
Manganese,
Mercury,
•
•
•
•
96.00
122.00 Nickel, .
59.00
•
75.00 Niobium,
94.00
•
•
137.00 Nitrogen,
210.34 Osmium,
10.90 Oxygen,
80.00 Palladium,
112.24 Phosphorus,
133.00 Platinum,
14.00
199.00
•
16.00
106.50
31.00
197.10
•
•
40.00 Potassium,
·
12.00 Rhodium,
39.10
104.30
•
92.00 Rubidium,
85.30
35.50 Ruthenium,
104.20
•
•
52.48 Selenium,
79.50
58.74 Silicon,.
28.00
•
·
•
63.50 Silver,
96.00 Sodium,
114.60 Strontium,
19.00 Sulphur,
9.30 Tantalum,
196.66 Tellurium,
1.00 Thallium,
72.00 Thorinum,
126.82|Tin,
197.00 Titanium,
56.12 Tungsten,
92.00 Uranium,
108.00
23.00
87.50
•
32.00
€ 182.00
•
. 129.00
203.00
•
206.91 Vanadium,
7.00 Yttrium,
24.32 Zinc,
55.00 Zirconium,
€ 200.00
238.00
•
118.00
50.00
184.00
120.00
51.30
61.70
65.00
*
•
89.50
516
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the number expressing the ratio between the weight of any
volume of a substance and the weight of an equal volume of some standard sub-
stance. In the case of solids and liquids, the standard substance is water; in the
case of gases and vapors, it is usually hydrogen, sometimes atmospheric air. It is
clear that, whatever ratio may exist between a given volume of a substance and the
same volume of water, must also exist between any volume of the substance and the
same volume of water. Thus, if a cubic inch of mercury weighs thirteen times as
much as a cubic inch of water, a cubic foot of mercury weighs thirteen times as
much as a cubic foot of water. Accordingly, specific gravity concerns substance or
material, while absolute weight concerns individual masses of matter.
Various methods are employed for finding the specific gravity of gases and
vapors. The specific gravity of most liquids and solids is easily found in several
ways. The specific gravity of liquids is most accurately determined as follows:
A little flask, holding about an ounce, is provided with an accurately fitting stopper,
through the centre of which is a capillary opening. The flask is weighed when
empty. It is then filled with distilled water, and the stopper is inserted, so that
the excess of liquid is forced through the capillary opening of the stopper. The
excess of water being removed from the outside, the flask full of water is weighed.
The difference between the second weighing and the first is, of course, the weight of
water which the flask holds. The flask is now thoroughly dried and filled with the
liquid whose specific gravity has to be found, in the same manner as it was filled
with water. The difference between the third weighing and the first is, of course,
the weight of the liquid which the flask holds. It is clear that the volume of the
water and liquid are exactly the same. We have found, therefore, the weights of
equal volumes of the liquid and of water. Divide the first by the second, and the
specific gravity is obtained.
For liquids which are insoluble in and not acted on by water, and which are
heavier than water, a single drop of the liquid is placed in water, and a saturated
solution of chloride of calcium is added, until the drop is in a state of indifferent
equilibrium. The specific gravity of the solution of chloride of calcium is then
ascertained in the manner above described, and is, of course, identical with that of
the liquid.
For liquids soluble in water, a mixture of ether and bisulphide of carbon may
often be employed, to which one or other constituent is added, until the liquid is in
equilibrium. By this means the specific gravity of a quantity of liquid not larger
than a pea can be determined with perfect accuracy. The specific gravity of liquids
can also be measured with great rapidity, and with sufficient accuracy for many
purposes, by making use of the principle of Archimedes. (See Archimedes' Prin-
ciple, in first part of this work.) Thus, if a cylindrical rod of wood floats vertically
in water in such a manner that exactly half its length is immersed, we know that
the weight of the column of wood is equal to the weight of a column half as long of
If the stick be then floated in oil, it will be found to sink deeper, say two-
thirds of its length. It follows, the weight of the same volume of wood as before
is equal to the weight of two-thirds of the volume of oil. Accordingly, half a
volume of water has the same weight as two-thirds of the same volume of oil, or
water.
water equals oil.
Therefore the volume of water weighs as much as the same volume of oil, and,
accordingly, the specific gravity of the oil & or 0.75. The various forms of hydrom-
eter, areometer, lactometer, &c., depend upon this principle. They usually con-
4
SPECIFIC GRAVITY,
517
sist of a copper or glass bulb, carrying above a cylindrical graduated tube, and
loaded below with shot or mercury, so that they float upright. Those which, like
the hydrometer, are used for determining the specific gravity of liquids lighter than
water, such as spirits of wine, rum, &c., have the zero point marked close above the
bulb at the root of the stem. This is the point to which the instrument sinks when
placed in pure water. Placed in pure alcohol, the instrument sinks deeper-nearly
to the top of the stem-because more of the latter liquid must be displaced before
the weight of the displaced liquid is equal to the weight of the hydrometer. Tak-
ing pure water on the one hand, and pure alcohol on the other, making mixtures of
99 volumes of alcohol to 1 of water, 98 of alcohol to 2 of water, and so on; and,
finally, 2 volumes of alcohol to 98 of water, 1 volume of alcohol to 99 of water, and
placing the hydrometer in each of these in succession, it sinks in succession less and
less deeply. The points to which it sinks are marked on the stem, so that, when
placed in an alcoholic mixture of unknown strength, the percentage of alcohol can be
determined by reading off the point on a level with the liquid surface. For liquids
which are heavier than water, such as sulphuric acid, milk, &c., the zero marked at
the top of the stem, and the distance at which the hydrometer floats out of the
water, shows the percentage of the heavier constituent in the mixture.
The most accurate way of determining the comparative densities or specific gravi-
ties of liquids, which is especially applicable for the measurement of the diminution
of density which liquids undergo on being heated, is to connect two vertical tubes
by a capillary tube at the bottom, and to place the two liquids, whose specific gravi-
ties are to be compared (say water and ether), one in each tube. Since, when there
is equilibrium, the pressure on either side of any plane drawn through the connect-
ing tube must be the same, it follows that a shorter column of the heavier liquid
will keep in equilibrium a longer column of the lighter one, and that, consequently,
the height at which the two liquids stand in the two vertical tubes, measured from
the capillary connecting tube, are inversely as the relative densities or specific
gravities of the liquids. The heights are measured by a "Kathetometer or tele-
scope, sliding on a graduated upright rod. The specific gravities of liquids which
mix can be compared by the same means, provided that the two are separated by a
little plug of mercury in the capillary.
Various methods are used for measuring the specific gravities of solid substances,
depending upon the nature of the substances, that is, whether they are soluble in
water, heavier or lighter than water, in the form of a powder, &c. : 1. Let the body
be a solid substance, not soluble in and heavier than water. A loop of human hair
-which has very nearly the same specific gravity as water-is hung from the bottom
of one scale of a balance and counterpoised. A fragment of the solid under exami-
nation is hung from the hair and weighed. This gives the actual weight. (Very
nearly but not quite, because a body in air is pressed up with a force equal to the
weight of air it displaces. To get the true weight, we should have to add to its
observed weight the weight of an equal volume of air.) It is then hung in water
so as to be entirely submerged, and again weighed. Since it is now pushed up by a
force equal to the weight of the water it displaces, the loss it undergoes in weight
when in the water—that is, the first weight minus the second is the weight of the
water displaced—that is, the weight of a volume of water equal to that of the im-
mersed solid. Accordingly, the weight of the body divided by the weight it loses
in water, is its specific gravity. Thus:
If a body weigh 740 grains in air,
and 652 grains in water,
518
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
J
the weight of a volume of water equal in volume to the solid, is 740-652; that is
88 grains. Therefore its specific gravity is 740 or 8.40.
88
2. If the body be soluble in, or attacked chemically by water, some liquid is
selected in which the solid is unacted on. Thus, if the substance be sugar, we may
employ oil, or turpentine, or ether, &c. Thus :
Let a body weigh 163 grains in air,
and 104 grains in oil,
we deduce that the weight of oil, whose volume is equal to that of the substance, is
59 grains. What will be the weight of the same volume of water? Suppose the
specific gravity of the oil, determined by the method given above, be found to be
.75, this shows that the weight of any volume of oil is to that of the same volume
of water as .75 is to 1. Accordingly, the weight of water, having a volume equal
to the volume of the 59 grains of oil, is . grains, or 78.6 grains. Finally,
Finally, there-
fore, the specific gravity of the substance, which is the weight of a volume of it
divided by the weight of an equal volume of water, is or 2.06.
75
163
78.6
3. If the substance be not acted on by water, but be in so fine a state of division
as to prevent its being hung from the scale-pan, its specific gravity may be taken
by means of the specific gravity flask, above described, as follows: Weigh the flask
empty. Put some of the powder in and weigh again. Deduct the first weight from
the second, and we get the weight of powder taken. Fill up the flask with water
(the powder remaining in), and weigh again. Deduct from this weight the weight
of the flask and the powder together, and we get the weight of the water required
to fill up the flask when the powder is in it. Empty out the powder and water,
fill up with water, and weigh, deduct the weight of the flask, and we get the weight
of the water which fills the flask when the powder is present, and we get the weight
of the water displaced by the powder; that is, the weight of a volume of water
equal to the volume of powder. Divide the weight of the powder by this weight,
and the specific gravity of the powder is obtained.
4. If the substance be a powder soluble in water, methods second and third are
combined; that is, a liquid is selected without action on the powder, and the weight
of a volume of liquid equal in volume to the powder is found as in third method.
Then, from the specific gravity of the liquid the weight of an equal volume of water
is found, as in second method, whence the specific gravity is immediately deduced.
In determining the specific gravity of powders according to methods third or fourth,
care must be taken to free them perfectly from air. This is done by boiling them
in the liquid with which they are in contact, or, if this cannot be done, by placing
them for some time in vacuo when under the liquid.
5. If the substance be a solid lighter than water, such as fat or wax, the follow-
ing method is employed: The substance is weighed in air. Let it weigh 100 grains.
A piece of lead is fastened to it, sufficiently heavy to sink it, say 10 grains. The
two together in air weigh, of course, 110 grains. Let the two be weighed together
in water and weigh 4 grains. Then 110—4, or 106 grains, is the weight of the water
they displace together. The weight of water which the lead displaces is at once
found from its specific gravity, which is 11.8. The weight of water displaced by
the lead is or .88, therefore the weight displaced by the substance is 106-.88,
10
11.3
or 105.22, consequently the specific gravity of the substance is
100
105.22
or 0.91.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
519
Agate,
•
Alabaster,
Aluminium,
Alum,
Amber,.
Anthracite,
Antimony,
Arsenicum,
Basalt,
•
Bismuth,
Brass,
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOLIDS.
•
39.2° F. (4° C.)
2.615 Iceland Spar,
2.700 Indium,
2.670 Iodine,
1.700 Iridium,
·
1.080 Iron, Cast,
1.800
6.710 Ivory,
5.959 Jasper,
2.700 Lead,
Malleable,
•
•
2.720
7.362
4.950
•
21.150
7.210
7.840
•
1.920
•
2.800
11.360
•
•
9.799 Lime,
3.180
•
Bronze,.
Cadmium,
Calamine,
8.300 Lithium,
8.800 Magnesium,
8.604 Malachite,
0.593
1.743
•
•
3.500
•
•
3.400 Manganese,
8.013
•
Calcium,
Celestine,
·
•
Charcoal from Beech,
Birch,
•
((
Oak,
Chromium,
Coal,
Cobalt,
1.578 Marble (Parian),
3.950 Mispickel,
0.518 Molybdenum,
0.364 Nickel, .
1.570 Obsidian,
6.810 Opal,
1.330 Osmium,
2.840
6.120
•
8.620
8.820
•
2.300
•
2.250
21.400
•
8.950 Palladium,
11.800
·
Coke,
Copper,.
Coral,
•
Diamond,
Dolomite,
Emerald,
Emery, .
Felspar,
•
2.800 Porphyry,
1.865 Pearls,
8.950 Phosphorus,
2.680 Platinum,
3.500 Porcelain (Chinese),
2.700 Potassium,
3.950 Pyrites (Iron),
2.750
•
1.830
•
•
21.530
•
2.380
2.700
·
0.865
•
5.000
Flint,
Fluorspar,
Galena, .
Garnet,
•
Glass (Flint),
Glucinum,
•
2.450 Quartz, .
2.600 Rhodium,
3.200 Rubidium,
•
•
7.580 Ruby (Oriental),
4.100 Ruthenium,
3.330 Sapphire,
2.650
12.100
·
1.520
•
4.280
. 11.400
•
3.990
Gneiss,
Gold,
Granite,
Graphite,
2.100 Selenium,
2.650 Serpentine,
19.340 Silver,
2.700 Sodium,
4.788
2.470
. 10.530
•
0.972
•
2.300 Steatite,
2.800
Gun Metal,
Gypsum,
Heavy Spar,.
Hornblende,.
Hypersthene,
•
8.460 Steel,
7.810
2.330 Strontium,
2.540
4.430 Sulphur,
2.050
2.950 Tellurium,
6.650
3.380 Thallium,
11.810
Ice,
0.920 | Tin,
7.292
520
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
Titanium,
Topaz,
Tungsten,
•
Uranium,
Wood, Ash, .
5.300 Wood, Beech,
•
3.560
"L
•
Elm,
•
17.600
•
(( Cork,
. 18.400 Zinc,
0.845 Zircon, .
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIQUIDS.
Water at 39.2° F. 1.000.
0.852
0.800
0.240
7.146
•
4.300
•
Acid, Acetic,
•
1.063 | Essential Oil of Bitter Almonds,
1.049
•
66
Hydrochloric (Liquid),
1.270
(Solution),
1.210
((
•
(( Nitric,.
(6
Sulphuric,
Nordhausen,
Alcohol, Absolute (at 0º C.),
1.517
•
Cinnamon,
Spiræa,
Turpentine,
1.030
•
1.173
0.864
•
•
•
•
1.848 Ether, Acetic,
1.860 (6 Hydrochloric,
0.890
0.921
Amyl,
((
Butyl,
(L
Ethyl,
"L
((
Methyl,
Propyl,
0.815
Nitric,
0.827
((
Oxalic,
0.803
(( Sulphuric,.
1.112
•
1.092
1.120
0.815 Mercaptan (at 0º C.),
0.817 Mercury (at 0° C.),
0.835
13.596
(6
0.817 Milk (Cow), •
1.030
Aldehyde (Acetic) (at 0° C.),
Ammonia (Solution),
0.800 Naphtha (Rectified Coal), 0.860 to 0.900
0.875 Oil, Almond (at 15° C.),
0.918
Beer,
Benzol (CH),
((
(Liquid),
•
Bisulphide of Carbon,
Bromine (at 0° C.),
3.187
Chloride
(Tri) of Phosphorus
(at 0º C.), .
1.616
Rain,
Chloride of Sulphur (S,Cl₂), .
1.680
(( Sea,
·
Creasote,
•
1.057 Wine,
Cyanogen (Liquid),
0.866
0.730
"Castor,
0.969
•
1.023 to 1.034
"Cod-liver,
0.928
0.850
((
Linseed (at 12º C.),
0.939
1.272 " Olive,
Tar (Coal),
Water, Distilled,
0.918
1.120 to 1.150
1.000
D
1.001
1.026
•
0.990
0.990 to 1.038
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF GASES AT 39.2° F. (4° C.)
Barometer-29.9 Inches 760 Millimetres.
-
Air 1.000. H.-1.0.
Air 1.000. H.-1.0.
Air,
Ammonia,
Carbonic Acid,
1.000
14.40 Hydrochloric Acid,
1.247
18.25
0.589
8.50 Hydrogen,
0.069
1.00
1.529
22.80
Nitric Oxide,
1.039
15.00
•
((
Oxide,
0.967
14.00
Nitrous Oxide,
1.527
22.00
Carburetted Hydrogen,
Nitrogen,
0.971
14.00
Heavy,
0.978 14.00 Oxygen,
1.105
16.00
Carburetted Hydrogen,
Phosgene,
3.680
49.50
Light,
0.557 8.00
Phosphuretted Hydro-
Chlorine,
2.470 35.50
gen,
1.185
17.00
•
•
Coal Gas, about
0.500
Sulphuretted Hydrogen, 1.191
17.00
Cyanogen,
1.806
26.00
Sulphurous Acid, .
2.247
32.00
Hydrofluoric Acid,
0.689
10.00
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
521
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF VAPORS.
Air-1.000. H.=1.0.
Air=1.000.
H.=1.0.
Alcohol, Ethyl,
!!
Methyl,
1.613
1.120 16.00
23.00 | Ether, Acetic,
3.067 44.00
Oxalic,
5.087
73.00
•
•
Arsenic,
. 10.600
Benzol,.
150.00
2.770 39.00
Faraday's Chloride of
Carbon,
8.157
118.50
Bisulphide of Carbon,
Bromine,
Camphor (Common),
Dutch Liquid,
2.644
•
38.00
Hydrocyanic Acid,
0.947 13.50
5.540
80.00
Iodine, .
8.716 127.00
5.314
•
76.00
Mercury,
6.976
100.00
•
3.450
49.50 Phosphorus,
4.420
62.00
Essence of Cumin,
5.240
74.00 Steam,
0.622
9.00
แ Turpentine, 4.760
68.00 Sulphur (above 1000° C.), 2.230
32.00
A
522
LIST OF ELEMENTS, ETC.
LIST OF ELEMENTS, WITH PRINCIPAL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS.
ATOMIC WEIGHT ACCORDING TO
Name.
Discoverer.
Date of
discovery.
Symbol.
Berzelius. Odling. Gerhardt. Stas.
Watts.
Atomicity.
Sp. gr.
Aluminium,
Antimony,
Wöhler.
1828
Al.
27.43
27.5
13.75
13.75 iv
2.6
Basil Valentine.
about 1500 Sb. 129.24
120.0
122.0
120.3
V
6.7
•
Arsenic,
Brant and Paracelsus.
1733
As.
75.32
75.0
75.0
75.0 V
3.7
Barium,
Davy.
1808
Ba.
68.66
68.5
68.5
68.6
4.0
Bismuth,.
Agricola.
1529
Bi.
213.20
208.0
210.0
210.0
V
9.7
Boron,
Gay Lussac and Thenard.
1808
B.
21.82
11.0
11.0
11.0
iii
1.47
Bromine,
Balard.
1826
Br.
78.39
80.0
80.0
79.75
80.0
5.54
Cadmium,
Stromeyer.
1817
Cd.
111.66
112.0
56.0
56.0 11
8.6
Cæsium,
Bunsen.
1861
Cs.
133.0 i
Calcium,.
.
Davy.
1808
Ca.
20.51
20.0
20.0
20.0
ii
1.58
Carbon,
Known to the ancients.
C.
12.25
12.0
12.0
12.0 iv
3.5
•
Cerium,
Klaprotti, Hisinger, and Berzelius.
1803
Ce.
46.05
46.0 vi
Chlorine,
Scheele.
1774
Cl.
35.52
35.5
35.5
35.368
35.5
i
35.5
Chromium,
•
Vauquelin.
1797
Cr.
56.38
53.5
26.25
26.2
V1
7.3
Cobalt,
Brandt.
1733
Co.
29.56
59.0
29.5
29.5
V1
7.7
Columbium or Niobium, Hatchett.
1801
Cb.
97.6
iv
Copper,
Didymium,
Erbium,
·
Known to the ancients.
Cu.
63.41
63.5
31.75
31.7 ii
8.9
Mosander.
1841
Di.
•
48.0
11
Mosander.
1843
Er.
Fluorine,
Glucinum,
Gold,
Hydrogen,
•
Indium,
Scheele.
1771
Fl.
18.73
19.0
19.0
19.0
Vauquelin.
1798
Gl.
26.54
4.7
Known to the ancients.
Au.
199.20
196.5
·
4.7 ii
196.0 iii
2.1
12.0
Cavendish and Watt.
1781
H.
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0 i
0.069
Reich and Richter.
1863
In.
35.91
Iodine,
Curtois.
1812
I.
126.56
127.0
127.0
126.533
127.0
i
4.95
Iridium,
Tennant.
1804
Ir.
197.68 198.0
98.5
98.6
VI
22.0
D
Iron,
Known to the ancients.
Fe.
27.18
28.0
28.0
28.0 vi
7.79
LIST OF ELEMENTS, ETC.
523
1
Lanthanum,
Mosander.
1839
La.
47.0
46.0
•
Lead,
Known to the ancients.
Pb.
103.73
103.5
103.5
103.6
iv
11.4
Lithium,
Arfredson.
1817
Li.
6.44
7.0
7.0
7.004
6.5 i
0.59
Magnesium,
Davy.
1808
Mg.
12.69
12.0
12.0
12.0
1.74
Manganese,.
Pott.
1740
Mn. 27.71
27.0
27.5
27.6 vi
7.0
Mercury,
Known to the ancients.
Hg.
101.43
100.0
100.0
100.0 ii
13.5
Molybdenum,
Scheele.
1778
Mb.
47.96
48.0
48.0
46.0
8.6
Nickel,
Cronstedt.
1751
Nitrogen,
Rutherford.
1772
Osmium,
Tennant.
1804
·
Oxygen,
Palladium,
Phosphorus,
Priestley.
Wollaston.
Brandt.
1774
1803
1669
Platinum,
Wood.
1741
Potassium,
Davy.
1807
ZZŐÓZHAN
29.62
29.0
29.5
29.5 VI
8.6
14.186
14.0
14.0
14.009
14.0
V
0.97
99.72
99.5
100.0
V
21.0
8.013
16.0
16.0
15.960
16.0
ii
1.01
53.36
53.0
53.0 iv
11.3
31.434
31.0
31.0
31.0 V
20
98.84
98.5
98.5
99.0 iv
21.0
39.25
39.0
39.0
39.04
39.0
.86
Rhodium,
Wollaston.
1804
Rh.
52.19
52.0
52.0 vi
11.0
Rubidium,
Bunsen.
1861
Rb.
85.4 i
1.52
Ruthenium,.
Claus.
Ru.
52.0
52.0 VI
11.4
Selenium,
Berzelius.
1817
Se.
39.63
80.0
79.5
79.0 vi
4.3
Silicon,
Berzelius.
1823
Si.
22.22
28.5
28.5
28.0 iv
2.49
Silver,
Known to the ancients.
Ag.
108.3
108.0
108.0
107.600
108.0
10.4
Sodium,
Davy.
1807
a.
23.31
23.0
23.0
22.98
23.0
0.93
Strontium,
Davy.
1808
Sr.
43.85
44.0
43.75
43.8 ii
2.5
Sulphur,
Known to the ancients.
S.
32.239
32.0
32.0
32.0 vi
2.0
Tantalum,
Ekeberg.
1802
Ta.
184.89
138.0
137.6 iv
10.78
Tellurium,
Reichenstein.
1782
Te.
64.62
128.0
129.0
128.0 vi
6.2
Terbium,
Mosander.
1843
Tr.
Thallium,
Crookes.
1861
TI.
203.0
i
11.8
Thorinum,
Berzelius.
1828
Th.
67.70
59.5
59.5
59.5
7.7
Tin,
Known to the ancients.
Sn.
58.92
118 0
59.0
116.0
iv
7.29
Titanium,
Gregor.
1791
Ti.
24.33
48.5
25.0
50.0 iv
4.3
Tungsten,
Scheele.
1781
W.
94.79
92.0
92.0
92.0
VI 17.5
Uranium,
Klaproth.
1789
Ur.
217.26
60.0
60.0
60.0
vi
18.4
Vanadium,
Yttrium,.
•
Zinc,
Zirconium,
Sefström.
Gadolin.
Paracelsus.
Klaproth.
1830
V.
68.57
68.5
68.5
68.5 V1
1794
Yt.
32.25
32.0
32.0
61.7
doubtful. Zn.
32.31
32.5
32.6
32.5
6.9
•
1789
Zr.
33.67
33.5
89.6
33.5
iv
4.3
524 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
Symbol or Formula.
C₁H₂O31
Acetic Acid,
3 3
•
Sb051
SbO₁
AsО51
ASO31
C₁4H5O37
´14
C₁4H5O3+HO,
14
BO3, .
•
BO₁+3HO,
C20H1406+2HO,
C12H6O2)
CO2.
21
C105,
CIO
Cr031
4'
€18H7О3+HO,
C₁₂H5011.
12
C₁₂H5O11+4НO,
12
CyO,
C₂H₂O
HI,
•
•
Name.
Equivalent.
51
"L
{
Crystallized,
60
Amylic
(
(See Valerianic Acid.)
Antimonic Acid,
162
Antimonious "
154
Arsenic
115
Arsenious
แ
99
Benzoic
"L
113
(L
Crystallized,
122
Boracic
34.9
it
แ
Crystallized,
61.9
Camphoric
แ
(hydrated),
200
•
Carbolic
"
94
Carbonic
22
•
Chloric
75.5
Chlorous
แ
67.5
Chromic
แ
50.3
•
Cinnamic
፡፡
148
•
Citric
"
165
แ
Crystallized,
201
Cyanic
Gallic
(
34
(dried at 212°),
85
•
Hydriodic
แ
127.3
HCy,
HS, .
CIO,.
NO49 ·
PO,
S2051.
105)
•
•
6 61
5
C₂H₂OG
CH₂O+Hо,
HO,C34H33031
CHо+зHо,.
14
11
•
Hydrocyanic" (Prussic Acid),
Hydrosulphuric Acid (Sulphuretted Hy-
27
Hypcphosphorous "
Hyposulphurous
drogen),
17
Hypochlorous
Hyponitric
แ
43.5
((
(formerly Nitrous),
46
40
•
48
166.3
96
90
270
Iodic
Kinic
Lactic
Margaric
Meconic
Metaphosphoric
Muriatic
Nitric
66
([
"
(crystallized),
"(monohydrated),
(dried under 212°), 200
((
(C
HO,PO
HCI,.
NO5-
HO,NO
แ
(glacial),
81
•
"L
(Hydrochloric Acid) 36.5
54
"monohydrated (Ni-
5
trate of Water), .
63
HO,NO+3HO,
66
"quadrihydrated (sp.
gr. 1.42),
90
NO31.
Nitrous
"(formerly Hyponi-
trous);
38
37
C36H33031.
CyO31.
C₂O3+3н0,
Oleic
Oxalic
"
273
"
36
"
" (crystallized),
63
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
525
Phosphorous
Prussic
SO 31
HO,SO3,
Symbol or Formula.
C₂O₂+HO,
3
M₂O31
*
PO5,
зHO,PO₂, .
HO,PO
PO3,·
51
2HO,PO,.
HO,C36H35031
C,H,O,+HO,
3
•
•
Name.
•
Oxalic
Permanganic
Phosphoric
Acid, sublimed,
"C
(tribasic),
((
Pyrophosphoric
Stearic
Succinic
Sulphuric
monohydrated (Gla-
cial Acid), .
Equivalent.
45
111.4
•
72
99
81
"L
56
แ
(See Hydrocyanic Acid.)
((
90
((
284
16
59
40
"monohydrated (Sul-
phate of Water),
49
HO,2SO3,
((
(fuming),
89
SO.21
Sulphurous
""
32
C54H19031+3HO
Tannic
(C
(from galls),
618
2
4 10
2
C₁H₂O
CH.O+HO,
N₁C10H₂O41
N₁C₁H₂O+2H0,
C10H903,
C10H9O3+HO,
C60H47 NO147
H₁NO
C_HO+HO,
C10H110+HO,
С32Н330+Hо,
C,H,O+HO,
C₁H₁021
Al2O3,3SO₂+KO,SO,+24HO,
A120,350,+NH₂O,SO,+24HO,
Fe2O3,8SO₂+NH₂OSO,+24HO,
Fe2O3,3SO3+KO,SO,+24HO,
Alg, 031
Al2O3,3SO3,
Al,
NH₂,
NH3
•
NHỎ,CHẠO
4
14
NH,O,CH,0+6HO,
NH,O,CH,O,+HỌ,
NH,0,2002
NH, HS,
NHO,CO,,
NH₂HS,
NH₂HCI, .
21
NHẠO,NO,
3NH₂O,PO,+5H0, .
2NH,O,HO,PO+4HO,
2NH,0,3C02.
Tartaric
((
66
(crystallized),
75
•
•
Uric
((
Valerianic
Aconita,
Alcohol,
•
แ
(Lithic Acid),
150
"hydrated,
168
(Amylic Acid),
"hydrated,
93
102
533
46
((
•
Amylic,
88
Cetylic,
242
((
Methylic,
32
Aldehyde,
44
Alum, Potassa (Common Alum),
474.6
"L
Ammonia,
Ammonio-ferric,
453.4
482
•
•
Potassio-ferric,
503.2
Alumina,.
51.4
Tersulphate (salt in alum),
171.4
•
Aluminium,
13.7
Amidogen (Amide),
16
Ammonia,
17
(6
Acetate,.
77
·
"(
Crystallized,
131
"
Benzoate,
148
Bicarbonate,
70
•
•
Bihydrosulphate,
แ
Carbonate,
51
•
48
Hydrosulphate (hydrosulphuret), 34
(6
Muriate (Sal Ammoniac),
((
Nitrate,.
(
(1
Phosphate (alkaline),
(neutral),
Sesquicarbonate (medicinal
carbonate),.
53.5
80
195
169
118
•
526 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
Symbol or Formula.
NH,0,803,
31
4
NH₂O,HO+NC10H₂O47
NH,O,C10H₂O21
10
4)
NH
Name.
Ammonia Sulphate,
(( Urate,
(( Valerianate,
Ammonium,
•
Equivalent.
66
185
119
18
Amyl,
71
C10H110,C,H₂O3)
(C
Acetate of Oxide (Acetate of Amy-
lic Ether),.
130
·
((
'10- 11
Sb,
2SbO,SbCl₂+HO,
SbO3+2SbS₂+6HO, .
3
SbO,C,H₂051
SbCl3,
Oxide (Amylic Ether), .
Antimony (Stibium),
79
122
"
Oxychloride (Powder of Alga-
roth), .
529.5
({
Oxysulphuret, U. S. (Kermes
Mineral),
540
Tartrate of Teroxide,
212
"
•
Terchloride (Butter of Anti-
mony),
228.5
SbO3,
SbS3,
Teroxide (medicinal Oxide), .
146
Tersulphuret (medicinal Sul-
phuret),
170
+
12
C₁₂H110111.
As,
Arsenic,
AsS2,
((
Arabin (Pure Gum),
Bisulphuret (Realgar),
171
75
107
AsCl3,
((
Terchloride,
. 181.5
•
ASI,
((
Teriodide, .
453.9
ASS31
Tersulphuret (Orpiment),
123
•
C34H23 NO 61
C34H23 NOSO3,
•
Atropia, .
289
Sulphate,
329
Ba,
Barium,
68.7
BaCl,
"
Chloride,
104 2
BaCl+2HO,
((
"L
Crystallized,
122.2
•
BaO,.
•
BaO,CO,.
BaO,HO, .
BaO,NO,.
BaO,SOg,
C₁₂H67
C₁₁H5021
12-
14-
Bi,
•
Baryta,
Carbonate,
Muriate. (See Barium Chloride.)
76.7
98.7
((
Hydrate,
85.7
((
Nitrate,
Sulphate,
•
Benzole,
Benzyl,
130.7
.
•
116.7
78
•
105
·
Bio.co
BiO3CO2
3
BIO,NO,
BiO33N05,
BiO3,
B,
Br,
C46H26N2087
•
81
Bismuth, .
Carbonate of Teroxide,
Nitrate of Teroxide,
Ternitrate of Teroxide,
Teroxide, .
Black Oxide of Manganese. (See Man-
ganese, Deutoxide.)
Blue Vitriol. (See Copper, Sulphate of
Protoxide.)
Borax. (See Soda, Biborate.)
Boron,
Bromine,.
Brucia,
•
210
. 256
288
((
((
396
234
10.9
78.4
394
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
527
Symbol or Formula.
Cd,
CaCO2
Cai, .
CaO,.
CaO,SO3,
Cæ,
Cadmium,
"L
Name.
Equivalent.
55.8
•
Carbonate,
Iodide,
85.8
·
182.1
•
แ
Protoxide,
63.8
Sulphate of Protoxide,
103.8
•
C16H10N047
Ca,
CaCl,
CaCl+6HO,
C20H16"
C20H16021
C,
CS21
Cæsium,
Caffein (Thein and Guaranin),
133
194
Calcium, .
แ Chloride, .
Crystallized,
20
55.5
109.5
Calomel. (See Mercury, Protochloride.)
•
Camphene,
Camphor,
Carbon,
•
136
152
6
•
Bisulphuret,
Caustic Potassa. (See Potassa Hydrate.)
38
Ce,
2CeО,C₁06+6HO,
C32H330, .
CI,
C₂HCl3,
Cr,
•
Cr₂031
Cr₂O3+10HO,
2
C40H24 N₂O 27
C10HNO2SO3,
C40H24N2O2SO3,
ல்
3
C40 H₂+N₂O₂SO₂+2HO,
C40H24N2O27
Co,
C36H21 NO67
((
Soda. (See Soda Hydrate.)
Cerium,
46
Oxalate,
Ceruse. (See Lead, Carbonate of Protoxide.)
234
Cetin,
Chalk. (See Lime, Carbonate.)
233
Chlorine, .
Chloroform,
Chromium,
((
Cinchonia,
((
•
Sesquioxide,
Bisulphate,
Sulphate,
35.5
119.5
26.3
76.6
•
Hydrated,
166.6
308
388
348
(C
Crystallized,
366
•
Cinchonidia (isomeric with Cinchonia),. 308
Cinnabar. (See Mercury, Bisulphuret.)
Ta,
C16H15N,
Cu,
CuO,C,H,O,,
CuO,SO3+2NH₂HO,
•
Cobalt,
•
Codeia,
Columbium (Tantalum), .
Common Salt. (See Sodium Chloride.)
Conia,
Copper (Cuprum), .
Acetate of Protoxide,
•
"
Ammonio-sulphate,
((
Black, or Protoxide,
((
CuO,
2CuO,C¸¤¸03,
CuO, NO,
CuO,NO+3HO,
(L
Cu₂O,
CuO,SO,
CuO,SO₂+5H0,
،،
((
29.5
299
•
185
126
31.7
90.7
122.7
39.7
Diacetate of Protoxide (Verdigris), 130.4
Nitrate of Protoxide,
"(
Crystallized,.
Red, or Dioxide, .
93.7
120.7
71.4
Sulphate of Protoxide(Blue Vitriol), 79.7
((
Crystallized,
Corrosive Sublimate. (See Mercury, Bi-
chloride.)
124.7
Cream of Tartar. (See Potassa, Bitartrate.)
t
528
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
Symbol or Formula.
C₁₁H₂O₂
-8
NC₂ or Cy,
2
Di,
C37H270107 ·
E,
C,H,O,
CH₂O,C,H₂O,1
C₁₂I,
C,H,O,NO21
2)
CH,CI,
Name.
Creasote,
Cyanogen,
•
•
Didymium,
Emetia,
•
Epsom Salt. (See Magnesia Sulphate.)
Erbium,
•
Ethal. (See Alcohol, Cetylic.)
Ether,
Acetic,.
31
((
Hydriodic,
((
Hyponitrous,
แ
Muriatic,
Equivalent.
108
26
47.5
329
56.3
37
88
155.3
•
75
64.5
•
•
C₁H₂
C₁H
-4)
2FeCy, or Cfdy,
FeCy, or Cfy,
F,
C₂H,.
+
Ether Sulphuric. (See Ether.)
Ethereal Oil. (See Sulphate of Ether and
Ethylen.)
Ethyl,
Ethylen (Etherine),.
Ferridcyanogen,
Ferrocyanogen,
Flowers of Zinc. (See Zinc, Protoxide.)
·
Fluorine, .
Formyl,
·
Fusel Oil. (See Alcohol, Amylic.)
Glauber's Salt. (See Soda Sulphate.)
Glucina,
Glucinium,
Gg031
G,
C12H140142
Glucose (Grape Sugar),
Glycerin,
71
C&HT,
Au, .
Glyceryl, .
Gold (Aurum),
H,
HO,
Il,
In,
I,
C₂HI31
Ir,
Fe,
3Fe0,As05,
FeBr,
Fe203,20,H₂O51
FeO, CO₂,
•
21
FeO3, C₁₂H₂O111
12-
Fe Cfy31.
Goulard's Extract of Lead. (See Lead,
Diacetate of Protoxide.)
Grape Sugar. (See Glucose.)
Green Vitriol.
Protoxide.)
(See Iron, Sulphate of
Heavy Oil of Wine. (See Sulphate of
Ether and Ethylen.)
29
28
212
106
18.7
13
38
7
198
92
43
199
Hydrogen,
1
((
Protoxide (water), .
9
•
(L
•
"
(6
Citrate of Sesquioxide,
•
Ilmenium,
Indium,
Iodine,
Iodoform,
Iridium,
•
•
Iron (Ferrum),
" Arseniate of Protoxide,
Bitartrate of Sesquioxide,
"Bromide,
Carbonate of Protoxide,
•
60.2
74
126.3
391.9
98 8
28
223
212
106.4
58
245
•
"Ferrocyanide (Pure Prussian Blue), 430
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
529
6
5
2FeO+Fe₂031
FeО÷Fe₂03,
3FCO, PO,,
2FeO,HO,PO. ·
FeCy,
Symbol or Formula.
Fel,.
Fel+5HO,
FeO,C,H₂O+3HO,
•
Name.
Iron, Iodide,
((
Crystallized,
Equivalent.
154.3
•
199.3
•
Lactate of Protoxide,
144
((
Medicinal Black Oxide, .
152
((
Native Black Oxide,
116
Phosphate of Protoxide (tribasic),
180
((
((
(neutral),
153
"Protocyanide, .
54
FeS,.
FeO,.
2Fe₂03,3PO51
Fe203
Fe₂03+2н0,
•
FeCl37
{t
Protosulphuret,
44
Protoxide,
36
(6
"Pyrophosphate of Sesquioxide,
Red or Sesquioxide,
"Hydrated,
"Sesquichloride,
"( Subarseniate of Protoxide,
"Sulphate of Protoxide (Green Vitriol), 76
((
Crystallized,
Tartrate of Protoxide,
376
80
98
162.5
·
•
259
2
4FeO, ASO,
FeO.SO3,
FeO,SO₂+7HO,
FeО,C,H₂O5,
Fe₂OC₁H₂O,
Fe₂O3C,H₂O31
Fe₂033N05,
Fe2O3,3SO1
Fe₂033C10Н,031 ·
La,
Pb,
9
3 31
PbО,C,H₂O₂
PbO,C,H₂O₂+зHO,
3
•
2(PbO,CO,)+PbO,HO,
PbCl,
PbO2
2PbO,C,H₂O31
•
((
139
((
102
((
"
Sesquioxide,
146
•
Teracetate of
233
Ternitrate of
"
242
•
Tersulphate of
it
200
((
Tervalerianate of Sesquioxide,
359
Lantanium,
44.3
PbI,.
Pbo,No.
Pbo,
Pb30 or 2Pb0,PbO2.
2PbO,PbO2.
•
Lead (Plumbum),
"L
Acetate of Protoxide (Sugar of Lead), 162.6
Crystallized,
•
189.6
Carbonate of Protoxide (White Lead), 387.8
Chloride,
Deutoxide (Puce Lead), .
•
Diacetate of Protoxide (Goulard's
Extract),
((
Iodide,
"" Nitrate of Protoxide,
Protoxide (Massicot),
139.1
•
119.6
274.2
•
229.9
165.6
111.6
Red Oxide (Red Lead or Minium), 3428
103.6
CaO,.
CaO,C_H,Og,
3
зCaO,PO,
CaO,COg, .
CaO,Cl,
CaO,HO, .
CaO,C,O,.
CaO,SO,.
3
CaO,SO,+2HO,
CaO,C H,O,
LO,
51
LO,CO₂
3LO,C₁₂H₂O11
12
L,
•
Lime,
Acetate,.
((
·
Bone-phosphate,
((
Carbonate,
Chlorinated,
((
Hydrate (slaked),
•
28
79
156
50
63.5
37
64
68
86
94
15
37
210
•
7
Muriate. (See Calcium Chloride.)
((
Oxalate,.
Sulphate,
(( Tartrate,
•
Lithia,
((
Crystallized,
Carbonate,
Citrate,
Lithium, .
34
530 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
MnO,CO₂,
MnO2,
MnO,SO3+4HO,
C12H140121.
Mannite,
Hg,
•
HgO,C₁₂O₂,
HgCl₂+HgAd₂,
Symbol or Formula.
MgO,
MgO,SO₂+NH₂O,SO₂+Hо,
3
3(MgO,CO₂+HO)+MgO,HO,.
12 5
3MgO,C₁₂H₂O11
MgO, SO3,
MgO,SO₂+7HO,
Mg,
·
MgC1,6HO,
Mn, .
•
Name.
Equivalent.
Magnesia,
20
Ammonio-sulphate,.
135
"
Carbonate (Magnesia Alba),
182
((
Citrate,
225
"
60
123
•
12
101.5
27.7
57.7
43.7
111.7
182
Mercury (Hydrargyrum),
200
259
Sulphate (Epsom Salt),
Magnesium,
((
Manganese,
แ
Crystallized,
Hydrated Chloride,
" Carbonate of Protoxide,
Deutoxide (Black Oxide),
Sulphate of Protoxide, .
•
Massicot. (See Lead, Protoxide.)
Acetate of Protoxide,
3
(C
Ammoniated (White Precipit'e), 508
HgCl2
((
Bichloride (Corrosive Sublimate),
271
HgCy21
Bicyanide (Prussiate),
252
HgI2
((
Hg0,2N05,
Biniodide (Red Iodide),
Binitrate of Deutoxide,
452.6
•
324
Hg0,2SO3,
(1
HgS₂,
Hgo
แ
•
HgO, NO,
HgI,.
((
Bisulphate of
Bisulphuret (Cinnabar),
Deutoxide (Red Precipitate),
Nitrate of Protoxide,
Protoiodide (Green Iodide),
((
296
·
232
•
216
►
262
326.3
•
HgCl,
Protochloride (Calomel), .
235.5
HgS,.
แ
Protosulphuret,
216
Hg0,
แ
Protoxide (Black Oxide),.
208
Hg₂I3,
"L
Sesquiodide,
778.9
3Hg02,2SO3,
Subsulphate of Deutoxide (Tur-
peth Mineral),
728
HgO,SO3, .
แ
Sulphate of Protoxide,
248
C₂H31
Methyl,
15
•
C₂H₂
Methylen (Olefiant Gas),.
14
Minium. (See Lead, Red Oxide.)
•
Mo,
C34H19 NO67
C34H19NO,CH303,
C34 H19 NOCHCI,
C34H19NOSO31
C46H29 NO 181
CH23 NO14
Ni,
•
Nio,.
NiO,SO31
NiO,SO₂+7HO,
Nb,
N,
No,
Molybdenum,
48
•
+
Morphia,.
285
""
Acetate,
336
•
Muriate,
Sulphate,
321.5
325
វា
•
•
Narcein,
Narcotina,
Nickel,
((
Protoxide,
Sulphate of Protoxide,
Niobium,.
Crystallized,
Nitre. (See Potassa Nitrate.)
Nitrogen (Azote),
463
413
29.5
37.5
77.5
140.5
94
14
•
Norium.
•
•
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
531
Symbol or Formula.
Name.
Olefiant Gas. (See Methylen.)
Orpiment. (See Arsenic, Tersulphuret.)
Os,
0,
Pd,
·
C38H21 NO67
Pe,
Pt,
PtCla
ко,
•
61
KO,C,H₂O3
4
KO,C₂H₂O₂+2HO,
3 3
KO,ASO3,
KO,2002, .
KO,2CO₂+HO,
39
KO,2CrO3,
KO,2C2031
KO,2C₂O₂+3HO,
KO,2SO3, .
KO,2SO3+2HO,
KO,2C,H₂O
K0,2CH₂O¿+н0,
KO,CO2,
KO,CIO,.
KO,CrO3, .
3KO,C₁₂H₂O11
KO,CyO,.
•
Osmium,
•
·
Oxygen,
Palladium,
Paramorphia,
Pelopium.
Phosphorus,
•
·
Platinum,
"L Bichloride,
Potassa,
•
"
Acetate,
"
"
Crystallized, .
"
"
"
เ
•
((
"
แ
Bisulphate,
"
"
Arsenite,
Bicarbonate,
" Bichromate,
Crystallized,.
Binoxalate (Salt of Sorrel),
Crystallized,
Crystallized,
•
Bitartrate (Cream of Tartar),
Crystallized,
Carbonate (Salt of Tartar),
Chlorate,
""
((
"
Chromate,
( Citrate,
པ
"
Cyanate,
Equivalent.
99.7
8
53.3
311
32
98.9
169.9
47.2
98.2
116.2
146.2
91.2
•
100.2
147.8
119.2
•
146.2
127.2
·
145.2
179.2
•
188.2
69.2
122.7
97.5
306.6
•
81.2
པ
KO,HO,
1.
་
Ferrocyanate. (See Potassium,
Ferrocyanide.)
Hydrate (Caustic Potassa),
Hydriodate. (See Potassium, Iodide.)
56.2
KO,105,
"
Iodate,
213.5
KO,NO
KO,C₂O3, ·
2
KO,Mn₂OT,
2K0,3C02
KO,SO3, .
KO,C,H,O
4 2
2KO,HO,PO,
Nitrate (Nitre or Saltpetre),
Oxalate,
101.2
•
83.2
Permanganate,
158.6
•
•
"
(6
•
((
Sulphate (Vitriolated Tartar),
Tartrate (Soluble Tartar), .
แ
Sesquicarbonate,
160.4
87.2
113.2
K,
KBr,
KCl,.
KCy,
K,Cfdy,
(6
K₂Cfy,
(L
K₂Cfy+3HO,
แ
((
KI,
แ
Iodide,
2KI,Hg,I2,
KO31.
((
Teroxide,
KS3, .
"
Tribasic Phosphate (neutral),
Potassium (Kalium),
175.4
•
39.2
เ
Bromide,
Chloride,.
117.6
•
74.7
Cyanide, .
Ferridcyanide,
Ferrocyanide,.
65.2
329.6
•
184.4
Crystallized,
211.4
165.5
·
Iodohydrargyrate,
Tersulphuret, .
783.6
63.2
87.2
532
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
Symbol or Formula.
•
Name.
Equivalent.
Prussian Blue. (See Iron, Ferrocyanide.)
Prussiate of Mercury. (See Mercury, Bicyanide.)
Prussic Acid. (See Acid, Hydrocyanic.)
Puce Oxide of Lead. (See Lead, Deutoxide.)
Pyroxylic Spirit. (See Alcohol, Methylic.)
Quinia,
•
C40 H24N2O4
C40H24N4O4,2HC1,
C401 H24N2O4.2SO3,
C40H21N2O42C10H9O37
C40H24N2O4SO3,
C.
'40
C₁0H₂,NO,SO₂+8H0,
C40H24N2O47
R,
Rb,
Ru,
•
C6H180149 ·
26
324
"
((
Bimuriate,
Bisulphate, .
397
•
404
•
Bivalerianate,
510
Sulphate (Medicinal Sulphate),
Crystallized,.
364
•
436
•
Quinidia (isomeric with Quinia),
324
Realgar. (See Arsenic, Bisulphuret.)
Red Lead. (See Lead, Red Oxide.)
Red Precipitate. (See Mercury, Deutoxide.)
Rhodium,.
52.2
Rochelle Salt. (See Tartrate of Potassa and Soda.)
Rubidium,
85.4
Rutherium,
52.2
Sal Ammoniac. (See Ammonia, Muriate.)
Salicin,
286
Salt of Sorrel.
(See Potassa, Binoxalate.)
Salt of Tartar.
(See Potassa, Carbonate.)
Saltpetre. (See Potassa, Nitrate.)
Selenium,.
Se,
SiO31
40
Si,
Ag,
AgO,NO,2NH,
AgCl,
AgCy,
AgO,NO,
AgO,
Silica,
Silicon,
45.3
21.3
Silver (Argentum), .
108
•
Ammonio-nitrate, .
204
•
•
Chloride,
143.5
Cyanide,
134
•
NaO,
NaO,C,H₂O3,
NaO,C,H₂O₂+6Hо,
3 3
2NaO, HO, ASO5,
2NaO,HO,As05+14НO,
NaO, 2BOg,
(
Biborate (Borax),
NaO,2BO,+5HO,
((
(6
NaO,2BO,+10HO,
ic
NaO,2C021
16
NaO,2CO₂+HO,
Nao,CO,.
""
Carbonate,
NaO,CO₂+10HO,
Crystallized,
NaO,HO,.
NaO,S₂O₂+7HO,
NaO,NO,
2NAO,PO,
"Hydrate (Caustic Soda),
Hyposulphite,.
2
(6
"Nitrate,
((
((
((
(( Nitrate of Protoxide,
Protoxide,
Slaked Lime. (See Lime, Hydrate.)
Soda,
เ Acetate,
Crystallized,
Arseniate,
Crystallized,
170
116
•
31.3
82.3
136.3
·
186.6
312.3
•
•
101.1
•
Octohedral,
Prismatic,
Bicarbonate,
Crystallized,
146.1
•
191.1
75.3
84.3
53.3
143.3
·
•
40.3
142.3
Muriate. (See Sodium Chloride.)
Phosphate (Bibasic) Pyrophosphate, 134.6
85.3
.
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENTS.
533
Symbol or Formula.
2NaO,PO;+10HO,
2NaO,3C02.
2NaO,3CO₂+4HO,
NaO,SO3, .
NaO,SO₂+10HO,
NaO,SO,,.
NaO,SO₂+8HO,
NaO,C,H₂O,
2
NaO,C,H₂O₂+2HO, .
2NaO, HO, POS,
2NaO,HO,PO¿+24HO,
NaO,C₁0H9O3,
•
Na,
NaCl,
NaI,.
NaO3,
10
C₁₂H100107 ·
12
Sr0,
Sr,
44
•
C₁H3N2O47
C₁HNO₁, Br,.
C₁H₂N₂OHC,
44
44
23
2
2
•
•
((
Name.
Crystallized,
(( Tartrate,.
Crystallized,
Tribasic Phosphate,
[(
Crystallized,
Valerianate,
Sodium (Natrium), .
❤
Equivalent.
•
Soda Phosphate Crystallized, .
224.6
"
Sesquicarbonate,
128 6
Hydrated,
164.6
แ
Sulphate (Glauber's Salt),
71.3
(C
((
161.3
"
Sulphite,.
63 3
Crystallized,
135.3
•
97.3
115.3
143.6
359.6
124.3
23.3
((
Chloride (Common Salt),
58.8
Iodide,
149.6
(( Teroxide,
47.3
162
51.8
43.8
347
334
383.5
450
171
"L
of Lead. (See Lead, Acetate of Protoxide.)
((
C44H23N2O4SO3+7HO,
C₁₂H11011.
12
C₁₂H110111.
C12H11
CgHnOn+HO,
11
•
•
Soluble Tartar. (See Potassa Tartrate.)
Starch,
Strontia,
Strontium,
·
•
Strychnia,
66
Br.,
Muriate,
Sulphate,
Sugar, Cane,
·
of Milk (isomeric with Cane Sugar), 171
"Crystallized,
180
Sulphate of Alumina and Potassa. (See Alum,
C₁H₂O,SO₂+C,H,SO3
S,
IS21
Sbo₂CH₂O+Kо,C,H₂O₂,
3 4 2
3
2
4 2 51
4
Fe₂О¸C₁H₂O₂+KO,CH„05,
KO,C,H,O+NaO,C,H2O5,
Te,
Tb,
11,
Tho,
Th,
Sn,
SnCl,
Ti,
W,
•
+
·
·
U,
C₂H NO2,
Potassa.)
((
of Ether and Ethylen,
Sulphur, .
((
Iodide (Bisulphuret of Iodine),
Sulphuretted Hydrogen. (See Acid, Hy-
drosulphuric.)
Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa,
แ
Tellurium,
Terbium.
Thallium,
Thorina,
Thorium, .
•
Iron and Potassa, .
Potassa and Soda,
Tin (Stannum),
((
Protochloride,
Titanium,
Tungsten (Wolframium),
•
Turpeth Mineral. (See Mercury, Subsul-
phate of Deutoxide.)
Uranium,.
•
Urea,
145
16
158.3
332.2
259.2
•
210.5
64
204
67.6
•
59.6
59
94.5
25
92
60
60
60
534
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
Symbol or Formula.
V,
C6H5N₂O16
64
20
Yo,
Y,
Zn,
·
ZnO,C₁H₂O3,
ZnO,C,H,O,+7H0,
8ZnO,3CO,+6HO,.
3
ZnCl,
ZnCy,
ZnI, .
ZnO,
ZnO,SO3
ZnO,SO₂+7HO,
ZnS, .
ZnO,C₁0H903,
10
31
Zr₂031
Zr,
•
•
•
Name.
Vanadium,
Veratria,.
Equivalent.
51.2
592
Verdigris. (See Copper, Diacetate of Protoxide.)
Vitriolated Tartar. (See Potassa, Sulphate.)
Water. (See Hydrogen, Protoxide.)
White Precipitate. (See Mercury, Ammoniated.)
White Vitriol. (See Zinc, Sulphate of Protoxide.)
Yttria,
Yttrium,
Zinc,
แ Acetate of Protoxide,
""
""
Crystallized,.
•
Carbonate of Protoxide (Precip.
"
•
Carb.),.
"
Chloride, .
Cyanuret,
"
Iodide,
38.85
30.85
32.3
91.3
154.3
442.4
67.8
58.3
158.6
40.3
Protoxide (Flowers of Zinc),
Sulphate of Protoxide(White Vitriol), 80.3
Crystallized,
"L
Sulphuret (Blende),
แ Valerianate of Protoxide,
•
Zirconia,
Zirconium,
143.3
48.3
133.3
91.2
33.6
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
MACARONI SOUP.
ONE and a half ounces macaroni, a piece of butter the size of a nut, salt to taste,
one quart of stock. Throw the macaroni and butter into boiling water, with a
pinch of salt, and simmer half an hour. When tender, drain, and cut it into thin
rings or lengths, and drop it into the boiling soup. Stew gently fifteen minutes and
serve.
BARLEY SOUP.
One pound of shin of beef, four ounces of pearl barley, one small onion, one po-
tato, salt and pepper to taste, one and a half quart of water. Put all the ingredi-
ents into a pan, and simmer gently for four hours. Strain, return the barley and
heat up as much as required.
BREAD SOUP.
One pound of bread, two ounces of butter, one quart of stock. Boil the bread
with the butter in stock. Beat the whole with a spoon or fork, and keep it boiling
until the bread and stock are thoroughly mixed. Strain, season with salt and serve.
TAPIOCA Soup.
Two and a half ounces of tapioca, one quart of stock. Put the tapioca into cold
stock and bring it gradually to a boil. Simmer gently till tender and serve.
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
535
SARDINIAN SOUP.
Two eggs, a quarter of a pint of cream, one ounce of fresh butter, salt and pepper
to taste, a little flour to thicken. Beat the eggs, put them into a stewpan and add
the cream, butter and seasoning, stir in as much flour as will bring it to consistency
of dough, make it into balls the shape and size of a nut, fry them in butter, and
put them into a basin of any sort of soup or broth, to which they make a very nice
addition.
STEWED OYSTERS.
Half a pint of oysters, half an ounce of butter, flour, one-third of a pint of cream,
pepper and salt to taste. Scald the oysters in their own liquor, take them out, beard
them, and strain the liquor. Put the butter into a stewpan, dredge in sufficient flour
to dry it up, add the oyster liquor, and stir it over a sharp fire with a wooden spoon.
When it comes to a boil, add the cream, oysters, and seasoning. Let all simmer
for one or two minutes, but not longer, or the oysters will harden. Serve on a hot
dish with croutons, or toasted sippets of bread. A quarter of a pint of oysters, the
other ingredients in proportion, make a dish large enough for one person.
PANADA.
Take the crumb of a penny roll and soak it in milk for half an hour, then
squeeze the milk from it; have ready an equal quantity of chicken or veal, scraped
very fine with a knife, pound the bread crumb and meat together in a mortar. It
may be cooked either mixed with veal or chicken broth, or by taking it up in two
teaspoons in pieces the shape of an egg after seasoning it, poached like an egg, and
served on mashed potato.
MACARONI.
Two ounces of macaroni, a quarter of a pint of milk, a quarter of a pint of good
beef gravy, the yelk of one egg, two tablespoonfuls of cream, half an ounce of
butter. Wash the macaroni, and boil it in the gravy and milk till quite tender.
Drain it, put the macaroni into a very hot dish and put by the fire. Beat the yelk
of the egg with the cream and two tablespoonfuls of the liquor the macaroni was
boiled in. Make this sufficiently hot to thicken, but do not allow it to boil or it will
be spoiled; pour it over the macaroni, and grate over the whole a little finely grated
cheese, or the macaroni may be served as an accompaniment to minced beef, with-
out the cheese; or it may be taken alone, with some good gravy in a tureen served
with it.
MINCED FOWL AND EGG.
Cold roast fowl, a hard-boiled egg, salt, pepper to taste; three tablespoonfuls of
new milk or cream, half an ounce of butter, one tablespoonful of flour, a teaspoon-
ful of lemon-juice. Cut up and mince the fowl and remove all skin and bones; put
the bones, skin, and trimmings into a stewpan with one small onion and nearly half
a pint of water; let this stew for an hour, then strain the liquor, chop the egg small,
mix with the fowl, add salt and pepper, put in the gravy and other ingredients, let
the whole just boil, and serve with sippets of toasted bread.
STEWED EELS.
One eel, half a pint strong stock, two tablespoonfuls of cream, half a glass of
port wine, thickening of flour, a little cayenne. Wash and skin the eel, cut it into
536
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
pieces about two inches long, pepper and salt them and lay them in a stewpan.
Pour over the stock and add the wine. Stew gently for twenty-five minutes or half
an hour, lift the pieces carefully on to a very hot dish, and place it by the fire.
Strain the gravy, stir into the cream sufficient flour to thicken it, mix with the
gravy, boil for two minutes, and add a little cayenne. Pour over the eels, and serve.
FOWL AND RICE.
A quarter of a pound of rice, one pint stock or broth, one and a half ounce of
butter, minced fowl, egg, and breadcrumb. Put the rice into the above proportion
of cold stock or broth, let it boil very gently for half an hour, then add the butter,
and simmer it till quite dry and soft. When cold make it into balls, hollow out the
inside, and fill them with mince made in the same manner as in that directed for
"Minced Fowl and Egg," but a little stiffer; cover with rice, dip the balls into egg,
sprinkle with breadcrumb, and fry a nice brown; a little cream stirred into the
rice before it cools improves it very much.
CHICKEN AND RICE.
Take the meat of boiled chicken, and cut it up. Have ready some rice well creed
and seasoned with salt, put round a small flat dish or vegetable dish, warm up the
chicken in a little good gravy, and put in the middle of the dish with the rice
around it.
MACARONI BOILED IN MILK.
Two ounces of macaroni, three-quarters of a pint of new milk, a little lemon-
rind, a little white sugar. Put the milk into a saucepan with the lemon-rind,
bring it to boiling-point and drop in the macaroni. Let it swell gradually over
the fire till quite tender, but do not allow the pipes to break. Should the milk
not be sufficient, add a little more. The lemon-peel should be taken out before the
macaroni is put into the milk. Serve hot with fruit syrup, or cold with custard
poured over it.
RICE CREAM, 1.
To one pint of new milk add a quarter of a pound of ground rice, a lump of but-
ter the size of a walnut, a little lemon-peel, and a tablespoonful of powdered sugar.
Boil them together for five minutes, and then add half an ounce of isinglass which
has been dissolved, and let the mixture cool. When cool add a half pint of good
cream whisked to a froth, mix all together, and set aside in a very cool place or on
ice for a time; when used, turn it out of the basin into a dish, and pour fruit juice
around it, or some stewed apple or pear may be served with it.
RICE CREAM, 2.
Quarter of a pound whole rice well creed in milk and put in a sieve to drain and
cool, a gill of good cream whisked to a froth, mix with the rice, and add a wine-
glass of sherry, a little powdered sugar, and a teaspoonful of lemon-juice.
LIGHT PUDDING.
One tablespoonful of ground rice boiled very smoothly in new milk, let it get
quite cold, then add two eggs very well beat up, a lump of sugar (white), and, if
liked, a dessertspoonful of brandy. Line a small tart-dish (sufficient for one per-
son) with paste, put in the pudding and bake quickly. Serve the moment it is
ready, for it falls directly.
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
537
་
RICE AND APPLE.
Boil about three tablespoonfuls of rice in a pint and a half of new milk, and
simmer till the rice is quite tender, stirring it from time to time; have ready some
apples, peeled, cored, and stewed to a pulp, and sweetened with a very little loaf
sugar; put the rice round a plate and the apple in the middle, and serve with a
little of the following preparation of milk in a cream jug, if liked.
MILK FOR PUDDINGS OR STEWED FRUIT.
Boil a strip of lemon and two cloves in a pint of milk, mix half a teaspoonful of
arrowroot in a little cold milk, and add it to the boiling milk, stir it till about the
consistency of cream; have ready the yelks of three eggs, beaten up well in a little
milk, take the hot milk off the fire, and as it cools add the eggs and a tablespoonful
of orange-flower water, stirring it constantly till quite cool. Put it in a very cold
place till required for use.
CREAM FOR STEWED FRUIT.
An ounce and a half of isinglass boiled over a slow fire in a pint and a half of
water, to half a pint, strain and sweeten, put in a glass of sherry, and stir in half a
pint of good cream; stir till cold.
CUSTARD PUDDING (BAKED).
Half pint of milk, or a little more, two eggs; warm the milk, whisk the eggs,
yelks and whites, pour the milk to them, stirring all the while; have ready a small
tart dish, lined at the edges with paste ready baked, pour the custard into the dish,
grate a little nutmeg over the top, and bake in a very slow oven for half an hour.
BOILED CUSTARD PUDDING.
Prepare the custard as above. Butter a small basin that will exactly hold it, put in
the custard, and tie a floured cloth over it; plunge it into boiling water, turn it for
about a few minutes. Boil it slowly for half an hour, turn it out, and serve.
BAKED BREAD PUDDING.
Half a pint of new milk, a quarter of a pound breadcrumb, two eggs, one ounce
of butter, sugar to taste. Boil the milk and pour it over the breadcrumb, and let
them soak for half an hour. Beat the eggs, mix these with the breadcrumb, add
the sugar and butter, stir well till thoroughly mixed. Butter a breakfast cup or
small pudding mould, fill it a little more than half full with the mixture, and bake
in a moderate oven for about twenty minutes. Serve with the following sauce.
SAGO SAUCE FOR BOILED OR BAKED PUDDINGS.
One dessertspoonful of sago, not quite half a pint of water, one tablespoonful of
sherry, one teaspoonful of lemon-juice, and a little lemon-rind, sugar to taste.
Wash the sago, then put it into a saucepan with the water and lemon-peel; let it
simmer for ten minutes, then take out the lemon-peel, add the other ingredients,
boil, and serve.
RICE PUDDING.
Two ounces of whole rice, three-quarters of a pint of milk, one ounce of butter,
538
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
two eggs, sugar to taste, flavoring of lemon-peel. Let the rice swell in the milk
over a slow fire, putting in a few small strips of lemon-peel. Stir in the butter, and
then let the mixture cool. Well beat the eggs and mix with the rice. Butter a
breakfast cup or small mould, fill it three parts full and bake. Turn it out and serve
with sauce.
RICE MILK.
Three tablespoonfuls of rice, one quart of milk. Wash the rice, put it in a sauce-
pan with the milk, and simmer gently till the rice is tender, stirring it now and then
to prevent the milk burning, sweeten a little, and serve with a cut lemon, black cur-
rant jam, or apples stewed.
TAPIOCA PUDDING.
One ounce of tapioca, one pint of milk, one ounce of butter, two eggs, sugar to
taste. Wash the tapioca and let it stew gently in the milk for quarter of an hour,
stirring it now and then. Let it cool. Mix with it the butter, sugar, and eggs,
which must be well beaten; put it into a small tart-dish, and bake an hour in a
moderate oven.
APPLE AND RICE.
Take three small apples, peel and halve them, take out the cores, put them into a
stewpan with about half an ounce of butter, and strew over them a little white sifted
sugar. Stew them very gently till tender, taking care not to break them. Boil the
rice with the milk and a little sugar till quite soft, and when done, dish it with the
apples on the top of it, and a little cream served with it separately.
MILK BLANC-MANGE.
Quarter pound of white sugar, one quart milk, one and a half ounces isinglass.
Put all the ingredients into a lined saucepan, and boil gently till the isinglass is dis-
solved. Keep stirring it over the fire for about ten minutes. Strain it through a
fine sieve into a jug, and when nearly cold pour it into an oiled mould. Turn it
carefully out when required for use.
RICE BLANC-MANGE.
A quarter of a pound of ground rice, two ounces white sugar, one ounce of butter,
one quart of milk, flavoring of lemon-peel. Mix the rice to a smooth batter with
a little milk, and put the remainder into a saucepan with the butter, sugar, and
lemon-peel. Bring the milk to boiling-point, stir in the rice. Let it boil for ten
minutes, or till it comes away from the saucepan. Grease a mould with salad oil,
pour in the rice. Let it get perfectly cold, and turn out.
ARROWROOT BLANC-MANGE.
Two tablespoonfuls of arrowroot, three-quarters of a pint of milk, lemon and
sugar to taste. Mix to a smooth batter the arrowroot, with a little milk, put the
rest of the milk on the fire, and let it boil; sweeten and flavor it, stirring all the
time, till it thickens sufficient to come from the saucepan. Put it into a mould till
quite cold.
VERMICELLI PUDDING.
Two ounces of vermicelli, three-quarters of a pint of milk, quarter of a pint of
cream, one ounce and a half of butter, two eggs, one ounce and a half of sugar.
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
539
Boil the vermicelli in the milk till it is tender, then stir in the remaining ingre-
dients, omitting the cream if not obtainable. Butter a small tart-dish, line with
puff paste, put in the pudding, and bake.
FRUIT CREAM.
Apples, gooseberries, rhubarb, or any fresh fruit. To every pint of pulp, one pint
of milk or cream, sugar to taste. Prepare the fruit as for stewing, put it into a jar
with two tablespoonfuls of water and a little good moist sugar. Set this jar in a
saucepan of boiling water, and let it boil till the fruit is soft enough to mash. When
done enough beat it to a pulp, work this pulp through a colander, and stir to every
pint, the above proportion of milk or cream; of course the latter is preferable if ob-
tainable. Sweeten, and serve in a glass dish.
BREAD JELLY.
Take the crumb of a loaf, break it up, pour over it boiling water, and leave it to
soak for three hours. Then strain off the water and add fresh; place the mixture on
the fire, and let it boil till it is perfectly smooth; take it out and press out the water,
flavor it with anything that is preferred, put it into a mould, and turn it out when
required for use.
BEEF TEA AND CREAM ENEMA.
Mix together four or five ounces of strong beef tea, one ounce of cream, and half
an ounce of brandy or an ounce of port wine.
TO KEEP MILK FROM TURNING SOUR.
Fifteen grains of bicarbonate of soda to a quart of milk, prevents it from turning
sour.
BARLEY WATER.
Wash a tablespoonful of pearl barley in cold water. When washed, put to it two
or three lumps of sugar, the rind of one lemon, and the juice of half a lemon. Pour
on these a quart of boiling water, and let stand for seven or eight hours. Strain it.
The barley should never be used the second time. Half an ounce of isinglass may
be boiled in the water.
MILK, RUM, AND ISINGLASS.
Dissolve a pinch of the best isinglass in a little hot water over the fire. When
dissolved, let it cool, and mix it with a dessertspoonful of rum in a tumbler; fill up
the glass with new milk.
SHERRY OR BRANDY AND MILK.
Put one tablespoonful of brandy, or one wineglass of sherry into a bowl or cup.
Put powdered sugar and a very little nutmeg to taste. Warm a breakfastcupful of
new milk, and pour it into a jug with a spout. Hold it up very high, and pour it
over the wine, sugar, &c. The milk must not boil.
MULLED WINE.
Boil some spice, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, or mace, in a little water, just to flavor
the wine. When done, add a wineglass of sherry or any other wine, and some sugar,
540
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
bring it to the boiling-point, and serve with sippets of toast. If claret is used, it will
require a good deal of sugar. The vessel that the wine is boiled in should be scrupu-
lously clean, and must be kept exclusively for the purpose.
EGG AND SHERRY.
Beat up an egg well with a fork till it froths, add a lump of sugar and two table-
spoonfuls of water. When well mixed, pour in a wineglassful of sherry, mix it well
together, and serve before it gets flat. The same may be made with half the quan-
tity of brandy instead of the sherry.
MILK, EGG, AND BRANDY.
Scald some new milk, but do not let it boil. It ought to be put into a saucepan of
boiling water, in a jug, and let to scald very gradually. When the surface looks
thick it is sufficiently done, and should be put away in a cold place, in the same
vessel in which it was scalded. It must not be used till quite cold; then beat up a
fresh egg with a fork, in a tumbler with a lump of sugar. When beaten quite to a
froth, add a dessertspoonful of brandy, and fill up the tumbler with scalded milk.
EGG AND WINE.
One egg, one tablespoonful, and half a glass of cold water, one glass of sherry,
sugar, and a very little grated nutmeg. Beat the egg to a froth with a tablespoonful
of cold water. Make the wine and water hot, but not boiling; pour it on the egg,
stirring it all the time. Add sufficient sugar to sweeten, and a very little nutmeg.
Put all into a lined saucepan, set it on a gentle fire, and stir it one way till it thickens,
but do not let it boil. Serve in a glass with crisp biscuits or sippets of toast.
ARROWROOT DRINK.
Mix two teaspoonfuls of arrowroot in about three tablespoonfuls of cold water;
then pour in about half a pint of boiling water. When well mixed, add by degrees
half a pint of cold water, stirring it all the time, so as to make it perfectly smooth.
It should be about the consistence of cream; if too thick, a little more water may
be added. Then pour in two wineglassfuls of sherry or one of brandy; add sugar
to taste, and give it to the patient in a tumbler. A lump of ice may be added if
allowed.
NUTRITIOUS COFFEE.
Dissolve a little isinglass in water, as above, take half an ounce of freshly ground
coffee, put it into a saucepan with one pint of new milk, which should be nearly
boiling before the coffee is put in, boil both together for three minutes; clear it, by
pouring some of it in a cup and then back again, add the isinglass, and leave it on
the hob for a few minutes to settle. Beat up an egg in a breakfast cup, and pour
the coffee into it. The coffee may be taken without the egg if preferred.
MILK AND ISINGLASS.
Dissolve a little isinglass in water, then mix it well with half a pint of milk,
boil the milk, and serve, with or without sugar, as preferred.
MILK AND CINNAMON DRINK.
then
Boil in one pint of new milk sufficient cinnamon to flavor it pleasantly; sweeten
with white sugar.
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
541
This may be taken cold with a teaspoonful of brandy, and is very good in cases
of diarrhoea. Children may take it milk-warm, without the brandy.
DEMULCENT DRINK.
Take a pinch of isinglass, and boil it in half a pint of new milk with half a dozen
bruised sweet almonds, and three lumps of sugar.
ARROWROOT AND BLACK CURRANT DRINK.
Take two large spoonfuls of black currant preserve, boil it in a quart of water,
cover it, and stew gently for half an hour, then strain it, and set the liquor
again on the fire. Mix a teaspoonful of arrowroot in cold water, and pour the
boiling liquor upon it, stirring it well; let it get quite cold.
WHITE WINE WHEY.
Take half a pint of boiling milk, and add to it one or two wineglassfuls of sherry,
strain through a fine sieve, sweeten with sifted sugar, and serve.
CAUDLE.
Beat up an egg to a froth, add a wineglassful of sherry, and half a pint of gruel,
flavor with lemon-peel and nutmeg, and sweeten to taste.
CAUDLE, 2.
Mix well together one pint of cold gruel with a wineglassful of good cream, add
a wineglassful of sherry, and a tablespoonful of noyeau, and sweeten with sugar.
EGG AND BRANDY.
Beat up three eggs to a froth in four ounces of cold spring water, add two or
three lumps of sugar, and pour in four ounces of brandy, stirring it all the time.
A few spoonfuls of this may be given at a time.
A GRUEL.
Beat up an egg to a froth, add a wineglassful of sherry, flavor with a lump of
sugar, a strip of lemon peel, and a little grated nutmeg; have ready some gruel,
very smooth and hot, stir in the wine and egg, and serve with sippets of crisp toast.
Arrowroot may be made in the same way.
Thirst in fevers can be assuaged by the use of whey, or water acidulated with
currant jelly or raspberry vinegar, or a light infusion of cascarilla, acidulated with
a small quantity of muriatic acid.
RESTORATIVE SOUP.
Take one pound of fresh beef free from fat, chop it up fine, and pour over it eight
ounces of soft water, add five or six drops of muriatic acid, and fifty or sixty grains
of common salt; stir them well, and leave it for three hours in a cool place. Then
pass the fluid through a hair sieve, pressing the meat slightly, and adding about
two more ounces of water gradually as it runs through. The liquid thus obtained
will be of a red color, possessing the taste of soup. It should be taken cold, a tea-
cupful at a time. If preferred warm, it must not be put on the fire, but in a covered
vessel, which should be placed in hot water.
542
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
:
Should it be undesirable for the patient to take the acid, this soup may be made
by merely soaking the minced beef in distilled water.
ESSENCE OF BEEF.
Take one pound of gravy beef free from fat and skin, chop it up very fine, add a
little salt, and put it into an earthen jar with a lid, fasten up the edges with a thick
paste, such as is made for roasting venison in, place the jar in the oven for three
or four hours, strain through a coarse sieve, and give the patient two or three tea-
spoonfuls at a time.
ESSENCE OF BEEF, 2.
One pound of lean beef cut from the sirloin or rump; half pint of cold water.
Cut up the meat in small pieces, and place it in a covered saucepan by the side of
the fire for four or five hours, then allow it to simmer gently for two hours, skim
it well, and serve.
MUTTON JELLY.
Six shanks of mutton, one and a half quarts of water, pepper and salt to taste,
half pound lean beef, a crust of bread toasted brown. Soak the shanks in water
several hours, and scrub them well. Put them and the beef and other ingredients
into a saucepan with the water, and let them simmer very gently for five hours,
strain it, and when cold, take off the fat. Warm up as much as is required when
wanted.
NOURISHING Soup.
Wash two ounces of the best pearl sago well, then stew the sago in a pint of water
till it is quite tender and very thick, mix it with half a pint of good boiling cream,
and the yolks of two fresh eggs. Mix the whole carefully with one quart of essence
of beef made as above. The beef essence must be heated separately, and mixed
while both mixtures are hot. A little of this may be warmed up at a time for use.
BEEF TEA WITH OATMEAL.
Take two tablespoonfuls of oatmeal, mix very smooth with two spoonfuls of cold
water, then add a pint of strong boiling beef tea, boil it together for five or six
minutes, stirring it well all the time, strain it through a sieve, and serve.
BAKED SOup.
One pound of lean beef, one ounce of rice, pepper and salt to taste, one pint and
a half of water. Cut up the meat into slices, add the rice and seasoning, put all
into a jar with the water, cover it closely, and bake in the oven for four hours.
Pearl barley may be substituted for rice if preferred.
MUTTON BROTH.
One pound of the scrag end of neck of mutton, two pints of water, pepper and salt,
half pound potatoes, or some pearl barley. Put the mutton into a stewpan, pour
over it the water, pepper, and salt. When it boils, skim it carefully, cover the pan,
and let it simmer gently for an hour, strain it, let it get cold, and then remove all
the fat. When required for use, add some pearl barley, or potatoes, in the following
manner: Boil the potatoes, mash them very smoothly, see that no lumps remain.
DIETARY FOR INVALIDS.
543
Put the potatoes into a pan, and gradually add the mutton broth, stirring it till it
is well mixed and smooth, let it simmer for five minutes, and serve with fried bread.
Soup.
Take three or four potatoes pared, a thick slice of bread, half a teacupful of pearl
barley or rice, a little salt and pepper, two quarts of beef tea or mutton broth. Put
the beef tea or broth into a pan, and boil it up; when quite boiling, add the rest
of the ingredients, except the pepper and salt, which should be added when nearly
done, cover the pan, and let it boil slowly for an hour. Serve with toasted bread.
CALF'S-FOOT BROTH.
One calf's foot, three pints of water, one small lump of sugar, the yelk of one
egg. Stew the foot in water, very gently, till the liquor is reduced to half, remove
the scum, set it in a basin till quite cold, then take off every particle of fat. Warm
up about half a pint, adding the butter and sugar, take it off the fire for a minute
or two, then add the beaten yelk of the egg; keep stirring it over the fire till the
mixture thickens, but do not let it boil, or it will be spoiled.
VEAL SOUP.
A knuckle of veal, two cow heels, twelve peppercorns, one glass of sherry, two
quarts of water. Put all these ingredients into an earthen jar, and stew six hours.
Do not open it till cold. When wanted for use, skim off the fat, and strain it; place
on the fire as much as you require for use. Serve very hot.
GOOD STOCK FOR SOup.
One pound of shin of beef, one pound of knuckle of veal, four white pepper-
corns, a lump of sugar, one quart of water. Simmer gently for six hours, skim
well, and strain.
SAGO SOUP.
One and a half ounce of sago, one pint of stock. Wash the sago in boiling water,
put one pint of stock on the fire and bring it to a boil, add the sago by degrees,
and simmer till the sago is entirely dissolved; when cold it will form a jelly.
RICE SOUP.
Three ounces of rice, the yelks of two eggs, half pint of cream or new milk, one
quart of stock. Boil the rice in the stock, and rub half of it through a tammy, put
the stock in a stewpan, add the rest of the rice, whole, and simmer gently for five
minutes. Have ready the cream or milk boiled, beat the yelk of the eggs, and
mix them gradually with the cream. Take the soup off the fire, add the cream
and eggs, stirring them well together as you mix them. Heat it up gradually, but
do not let it boil, or the eggs will curdle and the soup be spoiled.
544
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
THE PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES FOR INTER-
MENT OR DISSECTION.
NOT unfrequently the pharmacist is called upon to prepare something to prevent
the rapid decomposition of a corpse. More particularly is this the case in the summer
season, when, in consequence, perhaps, of only a short distance or brief absence from
the deceased, friends and relatives are often prevented from viewing the remains of
the departed. This subject is also one of public interest, when we take into consid-
eration the number of dead bodies transported to different parts of the country, whose
very preservation before transportation might, to a great extent, counteract the poi-
sonous influences of the contagious diseases with which they may have died.
The importance, also, of a good supply of subjects for dissection, and of means for
preserving them in a fit state for dissection, increases in proportion as the examina-
tion at the colleges become more practical and searching, and impose upon the stu-
dents the salutary necessity of obtaining actual and visual knowledge of the struc-
tures of the body.
The art of preserving the body after death, invented by the Egyptians, whose
prepared bodies are known by the name of mummies, and are called, in the hiero-
glyphs, Sahu, and by St. Augustine, gabbarœ, seems to have been lost. This art is
said to have derived its origin from the idea that the preservation of the body was
necessary for the return of the soul to the human form after it had completed its
cycle of existence of three or ten thousand years. Physical and sanitary reasons
may also have induced the ancient Egyptians; and the legend of Osiris, whose body,
destroyed by Typhon, was found by Isis, and embalmed by his son Anubis, gave a
religious sanction to the rite, all deceased persons being supposed to be embalmed
after the model of Osiris in the abuton of Fhile. The art appears as old as 200 B.C.,
at least the bodies of Cheops, Mycerinus, and others of the age of the fourth dynasty
having been embalmed.
One of the earliest recorded embalmments on record, is that of the patriarch
Jacob; and the body of Joseph was thus prepared and transported out of Egypt.
The process has been described by Herodotus and Diodorus; but their accounts can
only refer to their own age, and are only partially confirmed by an examination of
the mummies. The following seems to have been the usual rule observed after death.
The relations of the deceased went through the city chanting a wail for the dead.
The corpse of a male was at once committed into the charge of the undertaker; if a
female, it was retained at home until decomposition had begun. The paraschistes,
or flank-inciser of the district, a person of low class, whose establishment was situ-
ated in the cemeteries or suburbs, conveyed the corpse home. A seribe marked with
a reed pen a line on the left side beneath the ribs, down which line the paraschistes
made a deep incision with a rude knife or Ethiopian stone, probably flint. He was
then pelted by those around with stones, and pursued with curses. Another kind
of embalmer, the toricheutes, or preparer, then proceeded to remove the entrails and
lungs, with the exception of the heart and kidneys. The brain was extracted by
another taricheutes, by a crooked instrument, through the nose. All this having
been effected, the body was ready for the salts and spices necessary for its preserva-
tion, and the future operations depended upon the sum to be expended on the task.
When Herodotus visited Egypt, three methods prevailed: the first, accessible only
to the wealthy, consisted in passing peculiar drugs through the nostrils into the
cavities of the skull, rinsing the belly in palm wine, and filling it with resins, cassia,
and other substances, and stitching up the incision in the left flank. The mummy
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
545
was then steeped in natron for seventy days, and wrapped up in linen, cemented by
gums, and set upright in a wooden coffin against the walls of the house or tomb.
This process cost a silver talent, which, considering the relative value of ancient
money at one-third of that at present, would amount to about £725.
The second process consisted in removing the brain, as before, but only injecting
the viscera with kedrion, or cedar oil, and soaking the corpse in a solution of natron
for seventy days, which brought away or destroyed the viscera and soft parts, leav-
ing only the skin and bones. The expense was a mina, relatively worth about
£243. The third process, in use for the poorer classes, consisted in washing the
corpse in myrrh, and salting it for seventy days. The expense was a trifle, not men-
tioned. When thus prepared, the bodies were ready for sepulture, but were often
kept some time before being buried—often at home-and even produced at festive
entertainments, to recall to the guests the transient lot of humanity. When buried,
they were sent to the cholchyle, a higher class than the taricheute, who had charge of
the tombs, the mummies, and the masses for the dead. All classes were embalmed,
even malefactors; and those who were drowned in the Nile or killed by crocodiles, re-
ceived an embalmment from the city nearest to which the accident occurred.
As the art, however, existed for many centuries, it may be easily conceived that
mummies were preserved by very different means, and quite distinct from those
described by classical authors, some having been found merely dried in the sand;
others salted by natron, or boiled in resins and bitumen, with or without the flank
incision, having the brains removed through the eyes or base of the cranium, with
the viscera returned into the body, placed upon it, or deposited in jars in shapes of
the genii of the dead, the skin partially gilded, the flank incision covered with a tin
plate, the fingers cased in silver, the eyes removed and replaced. The mummies
were generally wrapped in linen bandages, and placed in costly coffins.
The sacred animals were also mummied, but by simpler processes than men.
Mummies (according to the New London Dispensatory, the copy of a few pages of
which are contained in this work) were used in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
of the Christian era, for drugs and other medical purposes, and nostrums against
diseases, and a peculiar brown color, used as the background of pictures, was obtained
from the bitumen. The Ethiopians used similar means to preserve the dead, and
the successful nature of embalming may be judged from the numerous mummies in
the different museums of Europe. Other less successful means were used by nations
of antiquity to embalm. The Persians employed wax; the Assyrians honey; the
Jews embalmed their monarchs with spices, with which the body of our Lord was
also anointed; Alexander the Great was preserved in wax and honey, and some
Roman bodies have been found thus embalmed. The Guanches, or ancient inhabi-
tants of the Canary Isles, used an elaborate process like the Egyptians; and desic-
cated bodies, preserved by atmospheric or other circumstances for centuries, have
been found in France, Sicily, England, and America, and especially in Central
America and Peru.
The art of embalming was probably never entirely lost in Europe; and De Bils,
Ruysch, Swammerdam, and Clauderus boast of great success in the art. There was
a celebrated cabinet of M. De Rasiere, in 1727, containing prepared bodies; and the
mode of embalming princes and others, by prepared balms and other substances, is
detailed by Penicher, consisting in the removal and separate embalmment of the
heart and viscera, and removing the brain, and introducing the preparations by
incisions all over the body. Dr. Hunter injected essential oils through the principal
arteries into the body. Boudet, during the French Empire, embalmed the bodies
of the senators with camphor, balsam of Peru, Jew's pitch, tan, and salt; but the
35
546
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
discovery of Chaussier of the preservative power of corrosive sublimate, by which
animal matter becomes rigid, hard, and grayish, introduced a new means of em-
balming by Beclard and Larrey; but owing to the desiccation the features do not
retain their shape. The discovery of the preservative power of a mixture of equal
parts of acetate and chloride of alumina, or of sulphate of alumina, by Gannal, in
1834, and of that of arsenic, by Tranchini, and of pyroxylic spirits, by Babington
and Rees, in 1839, and of the antiseptic nature of chloride of zinc, have led to the
application of these salts to the embalming or preparation of bodies required to be
preserved for a limited time; but there is no reason to believe that bodies so pre-
served will last as long as Egyptian mummies.
The following are the means at present employed in the medical schools of Great
Britain for the preservation of subjects for dissection.
Mr. Bellamy, surgeon to the Charing Cross Hospital, London, writes as follows
to the British Medical Journal :
“ Hitherto we have had no experience in injecting bodies with a view of keeping
them beyond the prescribed limits allowed by the Anatomy Act (eight weeks), but
we find that subjects, as a rule, keep wonderfully well, and are almost entirely free
from smell. They are most skilfully prepared; the injection in the first instance
being carbolic acid, diluted very much (about 11 to 40), subsequently, a preserva-
tive, the exact proportions of which are, for some reason, made a matter of secrecy,
but consisting essentially of bichloride of mercury, and, finally, a paint, which sets
very rapidly and firmly. So fine is the material, and carefully introduced, that the
conjunctiva of the eye is generally fully injected. The secret of the good injec-
tions we get, and the bodies being so well preserved, is a great deal owing to the
time taken in making the preparation. Each fluid is slowly introduced (through
the aorta), and allowed to remain until absorbed, when the process is repeated as
often as the body seems to require it. During the process of dissection, the body,
or parts of such body, are carefully wrapped up in wet carbolized cloths, until the
work is complete.
"There is little doubt, at least, in my experience (eleven years), that the best
permanent preservative is spirits of wine (distilled). Of course, it has the disad-
vantage of requiring frequent renewal, and is expensive, but far more satisfactory
than others I have tried. I have frequently kept bodies for operative surgery in-
jected as above-minus the paint-and wrapped up in frequently changed carbolized
cloths (or sleeze), absolutely unaltered for the full allowed time (eight weeks).”
ST. GEORGE'S HOSPITAL.
The methods employed at St. George's Hospital for the preservation of bodies,
and preparing them for anatomical dissection, are described as follows, by Mr. W.
H. Bennett:
"Subjects for immediate use are injected with a solution of one pound of arseni-
ous acid in sixty ounces of water, the fluid having been previously boiled for eight
hours. The body then remains for twelve hours, when it is injected with a 'paint
injection,' composed of red lead, made fluid with boiled oil, the oil being added till
the solution is of a creamy consistence; to this is added a sufficiency of turpentine
varnish. Twelve hours later the subject is ready for dissection. The above applies
to winter subjects. In the summer season four ounces of bichloride of mercury
are added to the arsenious acid injection.
“With regard to the preservation of bodies for a lengthened period previous to
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
547
dissection, our experience is at present too limited to allow anything of practical
import to be said on the matter; but it is found that there is a considerable draw-
back to those subjects which have been immersed in fluid for this purpose, in the
fact that the epidermis so easily separates from the surface of the body, that usually
when the body is placed upon the table it is almost entirely denuded of this struc-
ture; and, if excessive care be not taken, the skin becomes dry and horny, render-
ing the dissection of the superficial structures excessively difficult. For a fœtus,
an injection of a solution of carbolic acid (1 in 6), followed twelve hours later by
the paint injection, is found most successful; or the subject may be immersed in a
solution of carbolic acid (1 in 20), and the paint injection added subsequently to its
removal from the fluid. The first of these methods is preferable, since the objec-
tion above mentioned, with regard to subjects immersed, is found to exist in the
other. Wet preparations—viz., dissections of muscles, &c.—are usually placed in
a solution of equal parts of spirit and water. For nervous structures, brain, &c.,
a stronger solution of the sanie kind is found to answer every purpose. These
solutions should be occasionally renewed, and the preparations will be found to
require cleaning at intervals. The methods above enumerated appear to give the
best results of those which have been tried for the various purposes."
GUY'S HOSPITAL.
Mr. H. G. Howse communicates the following results of recent experiment :
"At Guy's Hospital the method adopted for preserving subjects for anatomical
purposes has been mainly that detailed in the last number of the Guy's Reports.
Modifications, however, have been introduced. First, the use of arsenized glycerin
has been abandoned in all the later subjects, and a mixture of carbolic acid and
glycerin substituted. The value of the arsenic consisted in its preventing maggots
breeding in the muscles, &c. It did not, however, prevent mould forming on the
surface when left long exposed. Carbolic acid, on the other hand, answers both
these ends; and, as it acts in itself as a powerful antiseptic, it is doubly advan-
tageous Second, the quantity of glycerin injected has been much reduced, and,
in place of three gallons, an average of two gallons per subject has proved quite
sufficient. Third, an inferior quality of glycerin is employed, much cheaper than
that first made use of, viz., the best foreign. This is of rather a dark color, and
occasionally requires filtration, but is of very good specific gravity. All these
modifications have been gradually introduced as experience dictated their advisa-
bility. The earliest were injected exactly in the way stated in the paper above
referred to. The general result of all of them has been to reduce most materially
the expense of each injection, as stated in that paper.
"After injection the subject is preserved in a coffin covered over with sawdust, kept
wet with a saturated solution of carbolic acid in water; and it has been found that
the subject, once packed away, does not tend to dry at all. It is believed that this
method of packing will enable us, further, very considerably to reduce the amount
of glycerin injected. In three or four subjects preserved during the past summer,
and which were in an advanced state of decomposition, one gallon of a mixture of
carbolic acid and glycerin quite sufficed to stop decomposition; and though the
full amount of two gallons was afterwards thrown into the arteries, this was done
more for the purpose of preventing the fingers and toes drying than for any other
Our experience, however, now proves that this may be quite prevented by
the method of packing above alluded to.
reason.
548
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
"Experiments are now in progress to ascertain the smallest amount of the pre-
servative which can safely be injected. These, however, can only be put com-
pletely to the test of experience next summer, by keeping several subjects from
April to October. The proportion usually employed of the strong liquid carbolic
acid to the glycerin, has been one quart of the acid in one gallon of glycerin.
Subject preservation for the winter session commenced this year at the end of
June. Upwards of twenty have been so prepared, and, as the majority of these
have endured the hottest part of the summer, it has been conclusively shown that
the method of preparation adopted is effectual. It should be stated, also, that in
April last a dozen subjects were prepared in the same manner, and were dissected
throughout the summer, without the smallest inconvenience resulting therefrom.
The quantity of injection used gives them rather a dark, mummified aspect, and
gelatinizes the skin. They dissect, however, well. Should it be found possible to
preserve the subject with six or eight pints of injection (and there is every reason
to believe that this will be successful), the gelatinous, mummy-like appearance
will probably disappear."
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL.
Mr. Edmund Owen, Demonstrator of Anatomy, writes as follows:
“As soon as possible after arrival, the subjects are injected by Marsh, the school-
porter; and it is to him that the writer is indebted for much of his information.
The ascending aorta is reached by dividing the second, third, and fourth costal
cartilages, and turning back a trap-door about six inches square. After the injec-
tion is completed, the flap is fixed again in its proper position. In this way much
less damage is caused to the subject than when the chest is opened through the
median line, while the subsequent dissection of the important structures at the
root of the neck is certainly more satisfactory when the manubrium has not been
divided.
"The first fluid injected is a hot solution of arsenious acid in water, and, after
it, with as little delay as possible, follows the red injection, which has the effect of
driving the antiseptic further into the tissues. The second injection, which is com-
posed of two parts of resin and one part of Australian tallow, is colored with ver-
milion. The molten resin is passed through a fine hair-sieve into a saucepan con-
taining the tallow, and the resin and tallow are well mixed with each other and
the vermilion. The formation of air-bubbles in the heated mixture is prevented
by the addition, from time to time, of a little turpentine. The average cost of the
injection of a subject is a little under two shillings.
"Occasionally the injection partially fails, through the upper part of the abdom-
inal aorta giving away. A diseased condition of this vessel in the old subjects is
doubtless the cause of this untoward result. For the preservation of the brain, all
its membranes should be carefully stripped off, and it should be put into a small
pan containing methylated spirit. Some of the spirit should be introduced into
the lateral ventricles, by openings through the upper part of the hemispheres.
Moist dissections of the ligaments and other specimens which are occasionally
required by the lecturer on anatomy, or by the demonstrators, need not to be kept
soaked in spirit, but may be as well preserved, when merely supported on shelves
or wooden gratings over a thin layer of spirit, in tanks or other convenient recep-
tacles.
"In the dissecting-room a student may keep his part 'sweet' for months with a
little care; it is not necessary for him to drown it in the fluid (methylated spirit,
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
549
for instance), but he should sprinkle a little of the spirit on his dissection, and also
on the cloth in which he wraps it up. He should wash the cloth every other day
and envelop all in a piece of mackintosh. The low price at which parts can now
be obtained has undoubtedly tended to increase the student's carelessness for their
proper preservation."
EDINBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
Dr. Handyside says: "After having tried, I believe, every method that from
time to time has been proposed for preserving bodies (entire or in part), 'wet prepara-
tions,' brain and nerve-substance, &c., I have arrived at the conclusion that nothing
is better than pure malt spirit, or the methylated spirit of commerce, undiluted for
entire and opened bodies, brain, and ordinary nerve-substance, and more or less
diluted for the more delicate structures and tissues. Of course I here make no
allusion to the methods and fluids used for microscopic sections, &c. Twenty-four
hours before using the ordinary injection mass, I find it is advisable to throw into
the arterial systern of an entire adult about one pint and a half of spirit; after the
ordinary injection mass, to throw into the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavi-
ties a like quantity of spirit, with a fair quantity also into the nares and mouth;
and then, if the body is not to be immediately dissected, to cover it with spirits in
a close cistern of slate, or of wood lined with block tin.'
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.
Prof. Allen Thompson writes as follows: "After having tried in the course of
forty years, a number of expedients for the preservation of bodies for dissection, I
have not yet arrived at any plan which has proved entirely satisfactory. It has
appeared to me that the preserving method should combine two objects; first, that
which, of course, is most immediately important, viz., the furnishing of parts for
dissection which are as nearly as possible of the natural appearance and consistence,
and lasting during a period of several months; and secondly, that the method
adopted shall not be inconsistent (as, for example, it is when common salt is em-
ployed) with the permanent preservation, in the wet or dry state, of interesting
specimens, healthy or morbid, which it may be desirable to keep for our museums,
&c. Long ago I used strong spirits with solution of nitre, and with good results,
especially as regards color. The chloride of zinc or Burnett's fluid diluted, which
preserves well, I employed for some time, but abandoned on account of its dis-
charging color too much, and spoiling the dissecting instruments.
For some years
I used a strong solution of arsenious acid combined with alcohol, and I am still in-
clined to give a preference to that method of preserving, as securing most fully the
combined objects stated above. But I, like many others, I believe, abandoned the
arsenic injection on account of its tendency to produce ulceration in the fingers, not
so much of the students, however, as of the attendants, whose hands were more
constantly immersed in the dissected parts. A solution of corrosive sublimate
combined with creasote and glycerin and methylated spirit has of late been our
plan, and, on the whole (although, as happens with most plans, with failure in cer-
tain bodies), the result has been good. With carbolic acid or with hyposulphite of
soda I have not yet been successful, probably from not having employed the proper
strength of solution. On a recent visit to the continent, I found that in several of
the German schools, carbolic acid dissolved in coarse glycerin had answered well.
I ought perhaps to explain that in the use of all the fluids previously mentioned,
550
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
the solution was injected into the arteries. At the same time, however, I believe
it to be of importance to introduce it carefully into all the larger cavities of the
body. For preserving the brain and nerves, I know of nothing better than alcohol
of proper strength, care being taken to renew it when required.”
ANDERSON'S UNIVERSITY, GLASGOW.
Mr. H. E. Clark, Demonstrator of Anatomy, writes, in the absence of Dr.
Buchanan :
Preparation of Subjects.-Formerly subjects were injected with an arsenical solu-
tion before the injection of wax, and, on one or two occasions, an aqueous solution
of carbolic acid has been tried; but, as a rule, in the winter session no preservative
fluid is used, as subjects are very plentiful, and students are therefore encouraged
to dissect the parts while fresh. In summer, the parts are preserved by treating
them with methylated spirit or carbolic acid and by wrapping them in oil-cloth.
"Preparation of Brain.-The brain is always preserved by steeping it in a solution
of nitric acid (1 to 10), which is found to act better than anything else in harden-
ing the brain substance; its great disadvantage is that it blackens the knives used
in making sections. An aqueous solution of carbolic acid has sometimes been used;
it has an advantage over the acid in preserving more completely the natural ap-
pearance of the white and gray substance, but does not make the brain sufficiently
firm. The same may be said of methylated spirit.
"Wet Preparation.—For these, spirit, Burnett's fluid, and carbolic acid solutions,
are used according to circumstances. The reporter has also tried chloralum, but
cannot recommend it."
MANCHESTER ROYAL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY.
Mr. S. Messenger Bradley writes as follows: "The subjects at the Manchester
School are injected from the thoracic aorta with a preservative fluid which is the
private receipt of Mr. Stone, the lecturer on chemistry. He objects to making the
preparation public, but has sent samples of it occasionally to other schools. This
preservative injection is followed, three days afterwards, by a colored injection for
the arteries; the latter is a cold red paint injection, propelled by a hand syringe.
It is a very beautiful mode of injecting the arteries, generally filling vessels only a
few degrees removed from capillaries, such as the ciliary arteries of the eye, and
the minute vessels upon the intestines and in the skin. The preservative fluid is
injected by means of hydrostatic pressure; the fluid being placed in a reservoir ten
feet above the subjects, and connected therewith by means of a narrow tube. This
was the invention of Mr. Lund, who designed it for the double purpose of injecting
both the preservative and the colored fluids; the latter was a hot wax injection, kept
liquid until it was used by means of hot water, which was contained in a second
cylinder surrounding the central tube. It was found, however, that this hot wax
injection did not always succeed in reaching the distant vessels; and, if it failed at
first, it was impossible to supplant it by a second injection, as it cooled and set so
In consequence of this, Mr. Sissom, the curator, introduced the cold red in-
jection, which certainly leaves nothing to be desired; or, if a fault can be found
with it, it is that it is too good, running into arteries so small as sometimes to inter-
fere with the clean look of a dissection. The constituents of this injection are red
and white lead, dryers, turpentine, and oil.
soon.
The preservative injection is in many respects an admirable one; the subjects
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
551
so injected keeping for any length of time, while the color of the muscles is not at
all lost. It has, however, certain disadvantages, the chief of which are, that it
makes the fingers sore, sometimes even giving rise to small abscesses beneath the
nails, and that it is apt to soften the tissues of the subjects. I have myself made
some experiments with carbolic acid, and find that in the proportion of 1 to 40 it
makes a most excellent preservative injection, without possessing the disadvantages
which appertain to Mr. Stone's fluid, as it has the merit of hardening the tissues,
both muscular and nervous, as well as preserving them from putrefaction for a
considerable period of time. I ought to add, however, that these experiments
have hitherto only been made on small animals, such as cats and rabbits, and that
it has not yet been tried in the dissecting-room. As to the preservation of wet
specimens, the experiments made at our school lead to the conclusion that nothing is
so good as alcohol; picrie, osmic, chromic, and carbolic acids, have been severally
and fairly tried, but the results obtained have not been satisfactory."
QUEEN'S COLLEGE, BIRMINGHAM.
Mr. Robert W. Edginton writes on the above subject as follows:
"The method adopted by myself is that of injecting, either through the aorta or
femoral artery, a fluid composed of arsenic, corrosive sublimate, liquor potassæ, and
water, or simple methylated spirit, either of which I find very good. For preserving
individual parts, a solution of carbolic acid is very good; and for temporary preser-
vation a little common salt grated over, both hardens and preserves the color of mus-
cular tissue. For wet, and especially for injected specimens, there is nothing better
than pure (not methylated) spirit, although turpentine may sometimes be used; and,
if the object is very delicate, glycerin forms an excellent preservative fluid. It is
often difficult to expand the sawn sternum, in order to inject from the aorta, and I
have designed an instrument with a screw, which I find very convenient."
LEEDS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
Mr. Edmund Robinson, Demonstrator of Anatomy, writes upon the above subject
as follows:
"In this school we always inject the subjects for dissection from the right common
carotid. The preparatory or preservative fluid now in use is composed of white
arsenic, 2 pounds; nitre, 2 pounds; bay salt, 1 pound; water, 3 gallons. The arsenic
is first boiled in the water until it is completely dissolved, and then the nitre and bay
salt are added. The fluid is allowed to cool, and is then injected with an ordinary
syringe. Twenty-four hours afterwards the coloring agent is injected, which is com-
posed of red lead, 2 pounds; patent dryers, one pound; turpentine varnish, 1 pint;
turpentine and boiled oil, q. s., according to the size of the body to be injected. We
find the above preparations to act well, to keep the subjects in admirable condition
the necessary length of time; and the dissectors have never experienced the slightest
objection or inconvenience to the use of arsenic in this preservative fluid. Our
'wet preparations' are all put up in spirit and water, generally in equal proportions,
but varied occasionally according to the nature of the tissues of which they are
composed."
LIVERPOOL ROYAL INFIRMARY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
Dr. Millen Coughtrey has embodied information derived from Dr. Banks, regard-
ing the methods in use here, along with a few notes of his own previous experience
in the matter, this being his first year of office in this school.
酆
​PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
552
"1. Arsenic in any form, especially solutions of its salts, he thinks fit only for
preparations which are to be kept a short time. Subjects injected with it are apt to
be infested with a kind of mould, which grows very rapidly when once it has set in,
and ruins the specimen. The tissues are not hardened by it. It is inexpensive.
"2. Carbolic Acid Solutions.-The watery solutions are good for specimens which
are only required for a short time. The effects are very temporary. The tissues
are not hardened sufficiently by it, the muscles remaining very soft and easily torn.
It is inexpensive. If too strong, it discolors the tissues, but this passes off on
exposure. The spirituous solutions are liable to the same objections as watery,
except that they give tissues the requisite degree of firmness for dissection. It is
evanescent, and requires renewing by external applications. It is consequently
expensive.
"3. Glycerin may be either weakened by water or by spirit: the same objections
might be urged against this as against arsenic and carbolic acid. It is good when
combined with spirit, in the proportion of one of glycerin to two of spirit, if the
fresh appearance of a preparation is required to be kept for three or four days at the
outside; especially in pathological specimens of nervous system. It is inexpensive.
(None of the above are of use in subjects which have become slightly putrescent.)
"4. Chloride of Zinc, or Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid, combined with water or
spirit, is excellent for bodies that have become very putrescent: according to Dr.
Banks, strength, Burnett, I; spirit, 2 to 3 or 4. I have not used it for the human
subject myself, but in animals, and have found it to have a very peculiar action on
connective tissue, rendering it difficult to dissect out the more delicate structures, as
fine filaments of cutaneous nerves.
"5. Corrosive Sublimate, with Spirit.-I was brought up in a school (Edinburgh
University) where this is almost the only thing employed. I regard it as the ne plus
ultra of injecting fluids for preserving bodies or preparations. I have used, in some
of my private preparations, the strength of one drachm of corrosive sublimate dis-
solved in thirty ounces of methylated spirit, but that I am beginning to think too
strong, especially if the subject is fresh; if the subject be at all putrescent, use twice
the strength of eorrosive sublimate. Of course, the above quantity does not indicate
the whole amount of solution used. The period most favorable for injecting this
solution is either before the rigor mortis has set in, or just as its phenomena are dis-
appearing. The body should be laid in a horizontal position, the limbs extended,
and everything placed in such a way that no unnecessary obstructions to flow of
fluid exist. Never use a small syringe; always use a large one, that will contain
sufficient to inject to a moderate degree of tension the vessels of the body by one
discharge; this distributes the fluid more perfectly over the whole body (or part
intended to be injected), and prevents waste of material. If the body be at all ana-
sarcous, prick it beforehand with a needle down to the subcutaneous fat, and let it
drain well before you inject it. If ascites be present, remove the fluid from the peri-
toneal sac by an incision in the umbilical scar before you inject. It is useful to
apply some of the solution externally to the eyes, to the nasal walls, and the interior
of the mouth. The advantages of corrosive sublimate solution over others is that-
"1. It is permanent in effect, if any part of the subject should exhibit any pecu-
liarity which would make it desirable to keep as a specimen; then we can rely on
the preparation, with ordinary care, being in a good state, if the subject had been
previously injected with corrosive sublimate solution.
"2. The muscles and tissues generally are rendered sufficiently firm for being
easily dissected.
"3. By preventing putrescence, we escape the odor which usually accompanies
that process.
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
553
"4. The fluid flows easily through all the tissues.
“And, lastly, it seems to disarm the juices of the body of that virulent character
which they otherwise possess, as shown in dissection-wounds. During the five years
I was in Edinburgh, I was intimately acquainted with all that went on in the
Anatomical Department, first as a student, during which period I did a great deal
of private work for Professor Turner, and afterwards as Junior Demonstrator of
Anatomy in the University; yet I do not remember of a single serious case arising
from a dissection-wound. And this absence of the usual noxious results of dissec-
tion-wounds was generally attributed to the use of corrosive sublimate solution.
The disadvantages of its use occur simply to the injector, and are caused by care-
lessness or through excessive amount of work in it. It sometimes causes in the
injector slight physiological effects of mercury, similar to those which arise from
using arsenical solutions. On the whole, taking everything into consideration, it is
as cheap as the rest in the end. As to wet preparations of brain and the nervous
structures, chromic acid is well known. Methylated spirit is by far the best for
brain and nervous structures. Remove first the membranes; let the brain be then
drained in a mixture of spirit and water-one part in sixty over proof, four parts
water. Afterwards, that solution to be replaced by a stronger one of spirit; and,
lastly, in spirit sixty over proof, with a small quantity of corrosive sublimate solu-
tion."
SHEFFIELD MEDICAL SCHOOL.
Mr. Joseph Hurt Clarke, Demonstrator of Anatomy and Lecturer on Diseases of
the Eye at the Sheffield Medical School, writes:
uncut.
"At the Sheffield Medical School, we inject the subject generally from the ascend-
ing aorta by dividing the bone longitudinally, leaving the extremities of the bone
The aperture is then dilated by means of an instrument acting as a screw-
wedge. The pericardium is then divided, and the nozzle of the syringe is inserted
and tied. The injection is then begun. In cold weather, the body is warmed by
being placed near the fire, and a solution of arseniate of potash is then injected.
After three hours, the syringe is filled with wax, in which is dissolved arsenic, and
vermilion is then injected; and the subject is ready as soon as the wax is set. The
skin covering the dissected parts is stitched together to exclude the air, and cloths
dipped in water or salt and water are applied. Most of the dissecting is done while
the body is quite fresh, as we have an abundant supply of bodies. The brain is
hardened in methylated spirit or naphtha. The intestines are dried, rubbed with
alum, and blown out, and then varnished. I have been injecting preparations with
wax, in which are dissolved arsenic, gj; carbolic acid, Zj; anilin red; mxxx, to
three ounces of wax. I find that this keeps its color, and does not decompose.
"Keeping preparations in a box, the interior of which is soaked in carbolic acid,
is the method I use if I wish to keep any specimen either for microscopical work
or to show a friend. Pathological specimens may be kept well in this way for
three weeks."
ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL.
Mr. Howard Marsh, Demonstrator of Anatomy, writes as follows:
"The preservative fluid in use here for some years was arsenic, in a watery so-
lution of carbonate of potash. It was only moderately efficient. In the winter it
prevented decomposition, but in the summer bodies could not be kept for more than
554
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
a fortnight or three weeks. Garstin's embalming fluid has been employed since the
summer of 1871. I do not know its exact composition, but its main ingredients
are, I believe, carbolic acid, arsenic, and glycerin. Its action has been very satis-
factory. One of the first subjects treated with it was used by Mr. Smith for his
anatomical lectures in October, November, and December, of last year. This sub-
ject was injected with four pints of the fluid on September 7th. During its gradual
dissection it was found to be in admirable condition; the muscles retained, in sin-
gular perfection, their natural firmness and ruddy appearance; small nerves could
be readily traced and isolated; the cellular tissue was somewhat condensed and
toughened, but was very easily removed. One of the lower extremities, wrapped
in linen and occasionally moistened, was kept in a spare room from December to
March, and it remained apparently without change, except that the foot, which
was uncovered, gradually became dry, shrunken, and dark-colored. At the end of
seven months from its first preparation, Mr. Smith completed its dissection, and it
still had, except where it had been allowed to dry, all the aspects of a recently
injected limb.
Subsequent trials of this material have had an equally favorable result. Fresh
subjects have been preserved from putrefaction; and in those in which the process
had already commenced, it has been at once arrested, and where the abdomen,
face, and other parts had assumed a green tint, the natural color has been in a few
days restored. No decomposition has occurred during dissection, and there has
been no formation of mould. It has been observed that detached portions of muscle
have slowly become dry, shrunken, and blackened, but they have never putrefied.
"At the end of July, the storing of subjects for the present session was begun.
Since that date, fifteen have been accumulated, and are now in process of dissection.
They are all in fair condition; the surface has become somewhat bronzed,' but in
many this change is scarcely noticed; the cuticle is more or less detached from the
hands, feet, and other parts; the muscles are dark-brown in color, but firm and
conveniently moist; the cellular tissue is easily removed; the nerves are dark-col-
ored, and some are softened, but for the most part they are readily traced and iso-
läted. The brain is found, in the majority of the bodies, to be well preserved, and,
in some, it is unfit for dissection. The method of storing subjects has been the fol-
lowing: Three pints of Garstin's fluid are injected with a large syringe as soon as
the body is received; on the following day three pints more are thrown in; and
on the third day the injection with wax is performed. The subject is then laid in
an underground chamber, upon blocks placed under the shoulders and pelvis. This
chamber, prepared for the purpose, holds about twenty bodies. Its summer tem-
perature was usually about 50° Fahr. At first it was made almost air-tight by a
double door, close fitting, and lined with felt. It was soon found, however, that
the bodies grew clammy and wet, and that the cuticle became detached by serum,
which collected beneath it at the dependent parts. The door was afterwards left
open, so that the chamber was ventilated into a long passage, and the subjects were
turned over from time to time and carefully dried with a soft cloth. Small open-
ings were made in bodies that were dropsical, so that the serum drained away.
From these details the following conclusions may be drawn: Garstin's preparation
is highly efficient; it will, if used soon after death, entirely prevent decomposi-
tion; if decomposition have already taken place, unless it be very far advanced,
the fluid will completely arrest it. By the use of this material, subjects may be
preserved in an underground chamber at a temperature of 50° Fahr., for at least
three months during the hottest period of summer. The degree of preservation is
such, that that the tissues, with the exception perhaps of the cerebral, may be satis-
PRESERVATION OF DEAD BODIES, ETC.
555
factorily dissected. The amount required for each body is about six pints-three
pints on the first, and three on the second day. The wax medium for filling the
arteries must be introduced as soon as possible, say on the third day. If this pro-
ceeding be delayed, the wax will not 'run,' and a sufficient quantity cannot be
introduced. Pains must be taken to preserve the cuticle. To this end the subject
must be carefully handled, and the ventilation of the store-cellar must be regulated
so that the surface of the bodies is kept free from excessive moisture; for, if the
surface be wet, the cuticle slides off from the hands, feet, and other parts. It is
advisable to turn the bodies from time to time, so as to air the dependent parts, and
also to prevent the gravitation of their fluids too much in one direction. During
dissection, parts treated by this method are likely to become too dry, especially if
the cuticle have been lost. It is, therefore, proper, when dissection is not actually
going on, to wrap the part in cloths moistened with weak spirit and water, and
cover them closely with some waterproof material. These precautions taken,
bodies may be kept under dissection in the summer for at least one month, and in
the winter for at least three months."
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL.
Mr. Richard Davy, Demonstrator of Anatomy, states that the following are the
ingredients used by the school porter for subjects:
"One pound of arsenious acid, one pound of carbonate of potash, two quarts of
water; boil, and inject as much as is sufficient. This is named the preservative
fluid, and precedes the injection of paint by sixteen or twenty-four hours. The
arteries (through the ascending aorta) are injected by means of an eight-ounce
syringe, with an admixture of red and white lead, patent dryers, and turpentine.
We have used this injection for seven years, and find it answers well.
The corro-
sive sublimate injection (as used in the Edinburgh University) is a very good one
for preservation. Nervous structures we invariably preserve in alcohol or methy-
lated spirit.
"Wet preparations are effectually kept in carbolic acid and water cisterns.”
The foregoing constitutes the various modes at present adopted for the preserva-
tion of dead bodies for dissection or interment.
556
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
As a matter of curiosity, perhaps, to a very large majority of the pharmacists and
physicians of our day, and for the purpose of establishing to some extent a com-
parison between pharmacy of to-day and pharmacy of two hundred years ago, we
here present a copy of a few pages from "The New London Dispensatory," pub-
lished by William Salmon, M.D., "in the Great House at Black-Fryars-Stairs,
London, March 2d, 1676.” The book in our possession, which is consequently
nearly two centuries old, is in a remarkably good state of preservation; the binding
particularly showing evidence of much longer wear. The question which naturally
arises in our minds upon its examination is, can it be possible that the United States
Dispensatory of 1870 will prove equally as great a curiosity to those who shall see
it two hundred years hence? We will endeavor to give the orthography verbatim
et literatim.
THE PREFACE.
WE here preſent the world with a Tranſlation of the London Difpenfatory,
lately Reformed by the Fellows, now living, of the Colledge of Phyficians:
being a Compendious Collection of the Choiceſt Medicaments, whether Ga-
lenical or Chymical yet known or in requeſt. To which we have added cer-
tain Animadverfions upon their Preparations, with their ſeveral virtues and
ufes, collected from multitudes of obfervations; to the end, that all the Sons
of Art and Lovers of Learning might receive fomething of fatisfaction from
experience itſelf, upon which as fome fuppofe (and not without great proba-
bility) all the Rules and precepts of medicine are founded and built.
As it is not our Defign to bind or conftrain any man to our particular mode
or way of Preparing medicaments, or to introduce new and fantaſtic methods
to the world; fo it is as far from us to proftitute the Oracles of Apollo, or
Sacred Reliques of Æfculapius to prophane and unworthy minds; For it re-
quires difcretion to unravel the very manifeſt powers and forces of medica-
ments, and a good proficiency in Medical and Hermetic Knowledge, to make
a proper Deduction, and to draw forth a natural confequence from their effen-
tial virtues and ultimate effects; without which it is impoffible to read with
profit to the mind, or to underſtand the depth of thoſe things, which (in few
words) we have couch'd together; all of which lye clouded under the formali-
ties of General Notions. Without underſtanding the method of the Praxis
of Phyfick, it is impoffible but to run into grofs Errors and Abſurdities. A man
may read all his life long, and the very choice of all Authors; but if he has
not the Practick part, be at a lofs when he comes to a Patient: Whereas the
practical Phyfician knows immediately what to do, what medicament is beſt
first to be applied, and the reafon of that application. He knows experiment-
ally the power of his medicaments, what he dares truft to and what his Patient
may expect from them: Whereas the other can't act at all; or if he does, it
is with great fears and doubts and many revolutions in his own mind, as being
ignorant of Practical Indications and Experimental Affurance.
If what we here preſent the world with be kindly accepted, we may be
encouraged hereafter to prefent to the publick view a Rational Method of pre-
paring of medicaments, grounded upon Truth and Senfible Demonſtration,
wherein the excellency of that our Hypothefis fhall plainly appear; which
although it may feem ftrange at firft, it can only be to fuch as believe that
nobody knows more than themſelves, who think that the univerſality of all
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
557
*
Learning is lock'd up within their Microcofm, and that if they be ignorant of
it, fo muſt all the rest of the world be befides: fuch there are in the world,
and from ſuch I can expect nothing but Slander and Calumny. But the beſt
is, 'Tis not my portion alone, therein I may be a companion of the beſt of
men. It was always the Fate of the firſt Authors of any invention (though
never ſo good) to meet with Opprobry and Contempt: And I yet know no
reaſon why I alone fhould be exempt from the Common deſtiny or general
Fate.
Thoſe Perſons are fuch as envy Glory to all except themſelves, and gener-
ally their malice arifes (not from the matter invented, for that they greedily
covet, but) becauſe of the Perfon inventing; becauſe they were not the Origi-
nal of it, or cannot obtain the Glory, therefore it is either falſe, incongruous,
unneceſſary, uſeleſs, or impoffible. Or, if the matter be too laudable to be
branded with thofe Epithetes, the Fate of that worthy Man Dr. Harvey, about
the Circulation of the Blood is unavoidable, viz., That it is an old thing, they
knew as much before: Hippocrates and Galen found it out, it is contained in
fuch a Book, fuch a chapter, fuch an Aphorifm. Although the words by them
there cited, contain no more diſcovery of the thing in diſpute (though ſtrained
by all the Tropes and Figures Rhetorick) than the Alcoran does of the Bible.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
In the Sixth and Laſt Book we have added the Praxis Chymica, or Modus
Medicamentorum Preparandi: Wherein, in few words, we have delivered the
Sum and Subſtance of great Volumes, and as in a glaſs reprefented to your
view, the Reduction of Hercules his Labours. Here you have the choiceſt
things in the Auguftane Difpenfatory, and the eternally renowned Paracelfus ;
you have the great and learned Horftius, the faithful Faber, the ingenious Sala,
the laborious Quercetan, the profound Hartman, the concife Schroder, the ex-
quifite Mynficht, and in a word, the ſum of all the moſt excellent Difigna-
tions, invented by the greateſt Scholars, the profoundeſt Wits, the moft
Learned Men, and the moſt Wife, Induſtrious and Experienced Phyſicians
through the ſeries of all times to this day, whether Greek, Latin, or English:
thereby rendering this work the moſt compleat of anything extant of the fame
kind.
But there are ſome half-witted Animals abroad, who (envying our Reputa-
tion) would perfwade the World, that all our Works are only Collections out
of others, and that we have done nothing but what was done before: To
which we anſwer;
1. That no man can be an Able Phyſician, but he that (befides the Practick
part) has read well, that he has turned over the leaves of Antiquity, and with
great dilligence has fcrutinized the Opinions of both Ancient and Modern
Profeffors. Which none can be ſuppoſed ſo well to have done, as he that has
made the greateſt and beſt collections. And therefore we eſteem all thoſe alle-
gations againſt us, rather a very great honor, than any thing of ſcandal or In-
famy.
2. That in the very beſt Authors extant, a great part are collections, and I
think it is the duty and Prudence of every Artift to collect and gather together
the beſt things. Ars longa, Vita brevis, fays Hippocrates, the Prince of Phy-
ficians. Arts and Sciences are not perfected in a Day or a year, but are rather
the Product of Eternity.
So that it is neceffary (for him that will be proficient in any Art,) to glean
and gather from the experiences and obfervations of all Ages.
3. That if we have been guilty of the fuppofed Crime, which they tax us
558
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
with; yet therein we have followed the footſteps of the beſt and wiſeſt Men,
and the most renowned Phyſicians in all preceding times.
4. That nothing but Envy and Malice would raiſe thoſe things as objections
againſt us, which are generally brought as the Trophies of Praiſe to another.
5. That thofe idle Drones are beholden to us for our Labour and Pains
herein, and ought rather to give us thanks for our Care and Trouble, than to
carp againſt us, for that which their crazy Pates, can neither mend nor imitate.
All the hurt we have done them, is, to gather much into little, and to fave
them the charge of buying, and the Labour of reading (if they have Learning
enough to read) the many and vaſt Volumes of the Ancients; thereby giving
them more time to ſpend at their Cups, and greater leiſure to fortify their
empty Noddles, againſt the prevailing forces of Sloth and Ignorance.
6. That it ſhows as much of ſkill and Judgment in an Artiſt to Collect and
Cull the beſt things out of heaps of Authors, where good and bad are pro-
mifcuouſly Jumbled together; as it fhews of Learning and Wiſdom in the in-
veſtigation of new inventions. But infinitely more than
But infinitely more than it does of Honeſty in
thoſe that deſpiſe and undervalue them.
7. That notwithſtanding all the clamours of our Adverſaries, they have not
yet proved the thing they object againſt us. 1. Our Synopfis Medicinæ, (tis
true,) has fome collections (and where is there a book which has not?) Yet
in that whole work above two third parts are clearly our own. 2. Our Poly-
graphice ſufficiently clears itſelf; and has already given a commendation to the
world above all Elogiums, and in ſpight of all gain fayers; therein both matter
and method forc't us to do what we did. 3. Our Horæ Mathematicæ, the
whole Work (fetting afide only a very few things) is entirely our own, being
(the greateſt part of it) a new Invention. 4. Our Pharmacopoeia here pub-
liſhed, we hope will ſpeak more for itſelf than we can; yet we are bold to
fay, That therein we have publiſh't things of the greateſt import in the art of
Phyfick, which were never divulged or known before.
8. Laftly, That in a work of this nature, tis only a compleat and choice
collection, which renders it creditable, and gives it an eſtimation and Author-
ity in the world: Was it wholly mine, it would be invalid, acceptable but to
a few, and of Authority to none: It is the great and eternal Names of its
ſeveral Authors which gives it being and life now, and will make it live here-
after as a Grand Exemplar, and inexhauſtible Treaſury of Medical Store; and
that in ſpite of what Scorn, Reproach, Envy or Tyranny can do. Let there-
fore thofe dull Souls, who envy the rays of Light which ſpring from others,
and wiſh all to be in darkneſs with themſelves, whoſe ſkulls are filled with igno-
rance, their Hearts with Malice, and their mouths with clamour, out-do what
we have done, (or for ever hereafter hold their Babling and Malicious
Tongues :) and we profeſs that we ſhall be ſo far from envying of their Giory,
or reviling of their Perfons, that we fhall heartily rejoyce for the fame, and
vail to them in a large acknowledgement of their tranfcendent abilities.
folemnly profeſs that the common good was the only motive which induced
us to this Publication. We have no aims nor ends farther therein, than to
ferve our Prince and Country: And therefore, whofoever ſhall give an evil
Conſtruction to this our work, or abuſe its Author for his good Intentions,
declares himſelf not only void of charity to us in particular, but a real Enemy
to the Health, Welfare and Happineſs of mankind in General.
We
*
*
*
*
*
FROM THE GREAT HOUSE
AT BLACK-FRYARS-STAIRS.
*
*
*
*
*
SALMON.
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
559
ib A pound.
An ounce.
3 A drachm.
A scruple.
Gr. A grain.
M. A handful.
P. A pugil.
p. A part.
No. Number.
IN LAUDEM AUTHORIS.
Dum laudes efferre tuas (doctiffime!) conor;
Nil ago; namque Liber rectius illud aget.
An ego fplendenti praberem lumina Soli?
Aut Pelago guttas addere coner amens?
Non opus eft Verbis applaudier ergo benignis,
Vindicat ingenium Litera quæque tuum.
Ac cum Tu Medicâ nulli fis Arte fecundus,
Artis Tu Medicæ flos & ocellus eris.
THE MEDICINAL CHARACTERS.
A. Ana, of each alike.
B. ss. Half any quantity.
q. s. Quantum satis.
q. v. Quantum vis.
R Recipe.
S. A. Secundum Artem.
h Saturn, or Lead.
¥ Jupiter, or Tin.
8 Mars, or Iron.
O Sol, or Gold.
Venus, or Copper.
Mercury, or Quicksilver.
Luna, or Silver.
Antimony, or Stibium.
8 Arsenick.
4 Sulphur.
Cinnabar.
O Niter.
✪ + 0 + ✪ Vitriol.
O. +
Alum.
Ө
Sal Armoniack.
Tartar.
Sal Gem.
+E Ashes.
Urine.
Glass.
Vinegar.
X Talck.
Sublimate. Spirit.
→ Quicklime.
A Fire.
✓ Water.
Oyl.
B. Balneum.
B. M. Balneo Mariæ.
B. V. Balneo Vaporis.
A. Alembick.
WHORWOOD.
AF. A. F. Aqua Fortis.
A. R. Aqua Regia.
A. V. Aqua Vitæ.
S. V. Spirit of Wine.
S. S. S. Stratum super stratum, or lay
upon lay.
Salt.
NOTE.-Twenty Grains make a Scruple. ›
Three Scruples
"
a Drachm. 5
Eight Drachms
an Ounce. 3
Twelve Ounces
CC
a Pound.
ib
560
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
ZOOLOGIA.
OF ANIMALS. THEIR PREPARATIONS, VIRTUES, AND USES.
LIBER SECUNDUS.
CHAP. I.
MAN.
We ſhall confider the Parts as they are taken, I. From a Living Body. II.
From a Dead Body.
1. Crinis, Pilus, the Hair. The Pouder thereof drank cures the Jaundice,
and Suffocation of the Womb. The Aſhes of it mixt with Hogs Lard, and
annointed helps luxated Joints; the fimple afhes ſtops bleeding: An Oil dif-
tilled from it with Honey, anointed on bald places, cauſes Hair to grow. It
is diſtilled either alone, by a Retort in Sand, and the fœtid Oil mixed with
Aqua Mellis, or conjunctively; and then you muft draw the Spirit, as that of
Honey.
2. Ungues, the Nails. In Pouder or Infufion they cauſe vomiting, great
fickneſs at ſtomach, and giddineſs in the Head; the Pouder laid to the Navel
in Dropfies, is ſaid to cure them. R of the Pouder of the parings 3j. Wine
a Pint, digeſt till it turn to flime; filter, and add Spirit of Wine Zij, of which
give from 3j to 3j, to the uſes aforefaid. Where note, that ſome to cure con-
ſumptions take the Hair and Nails of the Patient, cut them ſmall, and put them
in a Hole in the Root of a Cherry Tree, and then ſtop it with clay : Others,
to cure Quartans and the Gout, take the faid Hair and Nails, cut ſmall, and
either give them to Birds in a roaſted Egg, or put them into a Hole bored into
the Body of an Oak Tree or Plum Tree, ſtopping up the Hole with a peg of
the ſame Tree, or elſe mix them with wax, and ftitch it to a live Crab, cafting
it into the River again.
3. Saliva, Sputum, Spittle, Fafting Spittle. Rubbed on oftentimes cures
Pimples, and breakings out on the ſkin, making the ſkin clear, as alfo the Sting-
ing of Serpents, and Biting of Mad Dogs.
4. Lac, Milk. It is emollient, and cools and cures red Eyes fimply of it
ſelf; but a Grain or two of White Vitriol being diffolved in it, it is more
effectual. Or thus, & Womans Milk and White Vitriol, and draw off only
Flegm, for the purposes aforesaid, in a Glafs Still in Balneo Maria.
5. Menftrua, Sanguis Menftrualis, Menftrual Blood. Taken from Virgins
and dried, given inwardly it is prevalent againſt the Falling-Sickneſs and Stone;
outwardly, a clout dipt in the liquid Blood, with Vinegar and Rofe water, and
applied, cures the Gout, cleanſes the ſkin from Deformities, is good againſt
Carbuncles and Apoftemes; and worn as an amulet, is good against the Plague.
6. Secundina, the Secundine and the Navel String. A Drop or two of the
Blood of the Navel String being firſt given to a new Born child in a little
Breaft-Milk, prevents the Falling-Sickneſs, Convulfions, and all other Fits; and
very wonderfully revives it if almoft dead. Hartman fays, it is very ftrong
against the Cholick. The Secundine calcined, and given in Southern-wood
Water (but Experience commends Roſemary or Celandine Water for the better)
every Day half an ounce, while the Moon decreaſes in Light (and if poffible
in Motion too) wonderfully cures Struma's, or the King's-Evil, and the Falling-
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
561
Sickneſs: It caufes alfo the dead child to come away; as alfo Mola or falſe
Conception.
7. Sperma, Semen, the Seed. Of this Paracelfus makes his Homunculus, or
little Man. Experience has found it good against Witchcraft, and the embe-
cility of the inftruments of Generation: And ſome uſe it to make a magnetic
Mummy of, to ferve as a Philtron to caufe Love.
8. Calculus, Stone taken from the Kidneys or Bladder. It diffolves and
expels the Stone and Gravel from all parts, and opens obſtructions.
*
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*
*
*
*
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*
9. Stercus, Dung. It is emollient, Anodyne, and Maturative; it ripens
Plague Sores being applied; and dried, poudered and mixt with Honey, it
cures inflamed wounds, and the Quinfie: The Aſhes given 3ij. at a time in
Agues cures them. Paracelfus calls
Paracelfus calls it Carbon Humanum, and it is reported
that it takes Pains away cauſed by Witchcraft. Aqua et Oleum Sterci Humani.
Take Man's Dung; let it putrify till it be full of Small Animals, and be almoſt
dry, diftil it in a Retort with a gentle Fire, fo have you both water and oil, the
fætid fcent of which you may take away by often Rectifications, Cobobations and
Digeftions. The water dropt into fore Eyes cures them, cures Baldneſs, cor-
roding Ulcers and Fiftulas. Inwardly given, it is found very profitable againſt
the Stone and Gravel in the Reins and Bladder, Bitings of Mad Dogs, &c.
* * * * * * The Oil outwardly cures Scald Heads, Gouts, Cancers,
Mortifications and an ulcerated Eryfipelas. Inwardly Libavius fays it cures
the Jaundice. Zebethum Occidentale; Occidental Civet is made hereof, being
nothing but the true effence of Man's Dung: It may be made fo like the true
Civet, that it ſhall be difficult to difcern the difference.
* * * * *
;
10. Urina, Urine. It is hot, dry, difcuffive, abſterſive, and reſiſting Putre-
faction; it opens obſtructions of Liver, Spleen and Gall,
Boys' Urine dropt into the Ears cures their foreneſs and opens obſtructions
there.
Of Man's Urine there are many fingular Prepara-
*
* * *
*
tions made, the chief of which follow.
11. Spiritus Urina, Spirit of Urine.
R fresh or new made Boys' Urine that drinks Wine, diftil by an Alembick in
B. M. cohobate it, and you have Flegm and Spirit, which separate, and elevate
the fpirit in a Glass Body, fo fhall it be very volatile and white, but exceeding
ftinking. * * * * * It is a ſpecifick in the cure of Pleurifies, Stitches,
Coughs, Colds, &c.
12. Sal Urinæ Volatile, Volatile Salt of Urine. R Boys' Urine, Spirit of
Wine A. mix and evaporate to the confiftency of new Honey; put it into a long
neck'd glaſs, and diftil it with ſo ſmall a heat in afbes or fand, that it may con-
denfe in the Alembick; and there will come forth in the Alembick, a white fpirit
like fnow, which in the cold will coagulate. If this ſpirit be joined with the
falt of the fæces, and volatilized by often Cohobations, it will be a notable
Menftruum to draw the Vitriol of Metals, chiefly of Silver; if yet it be di-
geſted with common Salt, and purified by often folutions and Coagulations for
about ten Days and Nights in Balneo Vaporis, it will reſolve; and by the ad-
dition of rectified S. V. and ten Days' Digeſtion, it will be a good menstruum
to diffolve Gold.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
15. Oleum Urine, Oil of Urine. Take of that gritty or tartarous matter
which ſticks to the bottom and fides of the chamber Pot, calcine, diffolve, coagu-
late, and then diſſolve again per deliquium. If it be given j at any time in a
convenient vehicle, it perfectly diffolves the ſtone.
36
562
LEAVES FROM AN OLD DISPENSATORY.
16. Sanguis, Blood. Some fay that Blood drank hot, cures Epilepfies, if
violent exerciſe be uſed after it; but it is very dangerous, for oftentimes it
cauſeth Epilepfies, and brings great Tremblings upon them that take it. * * *
17. Mumia ex Sanguina, Mumy of Blood. R Blood of a found man,
gently dry it, impregnate it with Juice of Limons, or Spirit of Vitriol; and
with Myrrh make it into Troches. It ftops bleeding and cures carbuncles.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
II. FROM A DEAD BODY.
21. Mumia, Arabian Mummy. It diffolves congealed and coagulated Blood,
provokes the Terms, expels wind out of both Bowels and Veins, helps Coughs,
and is a great Vulnerary: It is alſo faid to purge.
Mummy is five-fold, 1. Factitious, Piffafphaltum, made of Bitumen and
Pitch. 2. Fleſh of a carcaſs dried by the fun, in the country of the Hammo-
nians, between Cyrene and Alexandria, being Paffengers buried in the quick-
fands. 3. Egyptian, a Liquor ſweating from carcafes embalmed with Piſſaſ-
phaltum. 4. Arabian, a Liquor which fweats from carcafes embalmed with
Myrrh, Aloes and Balfam. 5. Artificial, which is modern. Of all which
the two last are the beſt, but the Arabian is fcarcely to be got; the fecond and
third forts are fold for it: The Artificial is thus made.
22. Mumia Artificialis, Artificial or Modern Mummy, according to Crol-
lius. Take the Carcaſe of a young man, (ſome ſay red hair'd) not dying of a
Diſeaſe, but killed; let it lie 24 Hours in clear Water in the Air, cut the flesh
in pieces, to which add Pouder of Myrrh, and a little Aloes; imbibe it 24 Hours
in the Spirit of Wine and Turpentine, take it out, hang it up twelve Hours, im-
bibe it again 24 Hours in freſh ſpirit, then hang up the pieces in a dry Air, and
a fhady place, so will they dry and not ſtink.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
26. Aqua Divina, Divine Water. Take the whole carcafe of a man violently
killed, with the Intrails, cut it in pieces, and mix them; diftil it from a Retort
twice or thrice. It is reputed to have a magnetic Power; if to 3j. of this
water, you put a few Drops of the Blood of a Sick Perfon, and fet them on
the fire, and they mix, the fick recovers; if not the Sick dies for want of Blood,
take the Urine in a larger quantity.
28. Oſſa Humana, Man's Bones. They ftop fluxes of the Belly, &c. ***
29. Cranium, the Skull. It is a ſpecific in the cure of moſt Diſeaſes of the
Head, &c., &c.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
36. Spiritus Cerebri Humani, Spirit of Man's Brains. Take the Brains of
a young man flain, with all its Membranes, Arteries, Veins and Nerves, with all
the spinal marrow, beat them, and add Effence of Tile flowers, Peany, Betony,
Black Cherries, Lavender, Rosemary, Lilly of the Valley, Cowflips, Sage, Mif-
leto, ana, ſo much as to be four inches above; digeft a while, then diftil in B. M.
add Sack a fourth part, diftil and cohobate three times; make a falt of the Faces
calcin'd, which join to the Spirit. It is a noble antiepileptick, and may be given.
a j. ad Div.
37. Oleum Cerebri Humani, Oil of Man's Brains. Macerate the Brains
with common falt, and diſtil by a Glaſs Retort in fand, ſo have you Oil with
a little Water, which you may ſeparate, and rectify the oil with S. V. by often
cobobating. Where note, That the whole fubftance of the Brain will nearly
turn into Oil. It has the virtues of the former.
THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.
563
38. Fel Humanum, Man's Gall. An extract of it with S. V. dropt into
the Ear, cures Deafness.
40. Cor Hominis, the Heart. The pouder of it drank, cures the Epilepſy.
We have, no doubt, copied sufficiently from this Dispensatory to give some idea
of Pharmacy as it existed in the seventeenth century. There are many more items
of curiosity and interest contained in it, but time and space will forbid any further
notice of them here.
THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.
THE atomic theory is applied to three grand laws which form the foundation of
chemical science, and are known as:
1st. The law of definite proportions;
2d. The law of multiple proportions;
3d. The law of atomic or equivalent proportions.
2
By the law of definite proportions, the nature and proportions of the constituent
elements in every chemical compound are definite and invariable. For example, a
piece of chalk or any other of the numerous varieties of carbonate of lime, however
much they may differ in form and other physical properties, have the same chemical
composition wherever met with. That is, that every carbonate of lime—or calcic
carbonate according to the latest nomenclature—contains in 100 parts, 56 of lime or
oxide of calcium CaO-, and 44 of carbonic acid (or carbonic anhydride, CO₂ as it
is now called). The lime and the carbonic acid are termed the proximate elements
of calcic carbonate. They admit of further separation into their ultimate elements,
namely, the lime into the metal calcium and oxygen gas, and the carbonic anhy-
dride into carbon and oxygen gas. And, of course, the lime and the carbonic anhy-
dride are as unalterable in their composition as the calcic carbonate, or any other
true chemical compound. The lime contains 71.43 per cent. of calcium, and 28.57
per cent. of oxygen; while the carbonic anhydride contains 27.28 per cent. of carbon,
and 72.72 per cent. of oxygen.
According to the law of multiple proportions, when one element B unites with
another element A in more proportions than one, the quantity of B increases in mul-
tiples, or in some other similar mode. Such as:
A+B;
A+2B;
A+3B;
A+4B; and so on.
Or 2A+3B; 2A+4B; 2A+5B; 2A+7B; and so on.
A+3B; A+5B; A+6B; and so on.
Or A+B;
For example, nitrogen and oxygen combine to form five chemical compounds, in
all of which the proportion of nitrogen remains constant, but that of oxygen is a
constantly increasing multiple of its atomic weight. In the following table the
first column contains the names of the compounds in question, the second the pro-
portions of oxygen, and the third those of nitrogen:
Nitrous Oxide,
Nitric Oxide, .
Nitrous Anhydride,
Peroxide of Nitrogen,
Nitric Anhydride, .
16,
•
32 (16×2),
48 (16×3), ·
•
64 (16×4),
80 (16×5),
28
•
28
28
28
•
28
If we take the percentages of the constituents of the above compounds, the above
564
THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.
numbers will be obtained in each case by means of a simple proportion. The first
column of the following table contains the symbols of the above-named compounds;
the second, the percentages of oxygen; the third, those of nitrogen; the fourth,
the equivalent weights of oxygen; and the fifth, those of nitrogen:
N₂O,.
N2021
Or NO,
N₂03,
2
N2041
Or NO2,
N205
51
•
36.36 : 63.64 :: 16 : 28
53.33 : 46.67 :: 32 :
.63.15 :
36.85 :: 48 :
69.56 : 30 44 :: 64 : 28
74.07 :
25.93 ::
28
28
80 : 28
The third law, or the law of atomic or equivalent proportions, is this: That each
element, in combining with other elements, or in displacing other elements from
combination, does so in a fixed proportion, which may be stated numerically. For
example; if a slip of copper be introduced into a solution of mercuric chloride-
according to recent nomenclature-portions of the two metals change places, since
chlorine has a stronger affinity for copper than for mercury; cupric chloride-
chloride of copper-is formed, and mercury deposited. For every 31.7 parts by
weight of copper dissolved, 100 of mercury are separated. So, also, if into a solu-
tion of cupric chloride a strip of zinc be immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid, hy-
drogen will be liberated; and for every 32.5 parts by weight of zinc dissolved, 1 part
by weight of hydrogen gas will be set free.
By experiments of this kind it has been shown that different but definite weights
of the various metals are capable of displacing each other. From the above exam-
ples, it appears that 100 parts by weight of mercury, 31.7 of copper, 32.5 of zine,
and 1 of hydrogen, are each in a condition to supply the place of the other in
combination with 35.5 parts of chlorine. These various weights are said to be chemi-
cally equivalent to each other, and numbers thus obtained are the combining propor-
tions of the elements. But for the convenience of comparison, one element is chosen
as the unit or standard-such a unit is hydrogen, because it enters into combination
with a lower equivalent weight than any other element.
Bodies, then, are said to be equivalent when they can be substituted for each other
in combination, as in the above examples. But there are many compounds in which
such a substitution is not possible; in such a case, the numbers attached to the ele-
ments represent not properly equivalents, but combining proportions.
There is also-as we have seen above-an atom-displacing function. As many
atomic units as an elementary atom can fix in a compound molecule, it can, under
proper conditions, displace. Thus, 1 part by weight of hydrogen in combination
with 127 parts of iodine, forms 128 parts of hydriodic acid. In such a compound,
the 127 parts of iodine may be replaced by 80 parts of bromine, or by 35.5 parts of
chlorine. Now, when the I 127, the Br 80, and the Cl 35.5, are said to be equiva-
lent to each other in chemical combination, the expression can only be allowed so long
as those numbers represent the respective atomic weights of those elements. In this
example the resulting.compounds resemble each other in structure as they resemble
the original compound of H and I; and it may not be improper to consider the
atoms of I, Br, and Cl as equivalents, and also equivalent to an atom of H, although
the respective weights are quite different.
An atom in modern chemistry, is regarded as the smallest portion of matter that
can exist in combination, such as H 1; while a molecule is the smallest quantity
of matter that can subsist by itself, and this is supposed to contain two atoms, as
THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.
565
HH = 2. (In the cases of phosphorus and arsenium the ultimate molecule con-
tains four atoms; and in those of cadmium and mercury the molecule contains a
single atom only.) In this way the free molecules of the elementary gases are
analogous in structure to hydrochloric acid, in which a single atom of hydrogen is
united to a single atom of chlorine, forming two volumes of hydrochloric acid gas.
In like manner, water in the form of vapor, consists of two atoms of hydrogen
united to one of oxygen, the three volumes being condensed into two. So also in
the case of ammoniacal gas, three atoms of hydrogen are in union with one of nitro-
gen, the four volumes being condensed into two; and, lastly, in marsh gas four
atoms of hydrogen are in union with one of carbon, the five atoms being condensed
into two.
The atomic symbols, as well as the molecular, are referred to the standard atom
H = 1. But there is a distinction between the molecule-forming equivalent of the
elements, or the proportions by weight in which they can replace each other, and
the atom-fixing equivalents, or the proportions in which the elementary atoms
replace each other in fixing a standard atom. The carbon molecule, for exam-
ple 12, but its atom-fixing weight=3; since in the marsh-gas molecule, 12 parts
of C fix 4 atoms of H, so that each atom of H is fixed by 12 3 parts by weight
of C. So, also, in ammonia N fixes 3H and 14 4.66 is the atom-fixing minimum
of N. Again, in water H₂0168, the atom-fixing minimum of 0; but Cl in HCl
fixes only i atom of H, and the atomic weight of Cl 35.5 does not in such case admit
of subdivision.
2 2
In this way we may assign to each element two numbers: 1st, its minimum weight
with respect to the formation of a molecule; 2d, its minimum weight with respect
to the fixing of an atom. But to avoid the complexity likely to arise from the use
of this double system, it is customary in elementary books to attach to each symbol
a number in Roman letters, or simply one or more dashes, to indicate how many
standard atoms the weight referred to is capable of satisfying. Thus we write
CliО¡¡¡¡¡¡Civ or Cl¹¹ÑшC. This atom-fixing power is termed atomicity, and
the elements are arranged in groups of monads, dyads, &c. Some use the word
quantivalence to express atomicity and univalent, bivalent, trivalent, and quadrivalent,
to express monatomic, diatomic, triatomic, and tetratomic.
Supposing the atoms of the elements to be identical in point of magnitude, then
the specific gravities of simple solids would be in the same proportion as their atomic
weights. The method of calculating the atomic volume or specific volume of any
substance, simple or compound, is to divide its atomic weight by its specific gravity.
This gives the atomic volume or space occupied by the aggregates of atoms, as well
as the interstitial spaces, the weight of the volume being proportioned to the atomic
weight of the body. By the atomic theory, the atomic weight or its multiple shows
the proportions in which one body combines with another by weight; so the atomic
volume or its multiple shows the proportions in which one body will unite with
another body by volume. The following is an example from Watt's Dictionary of
Chemistry. The atomic volume of iodine is thus found: 127 is the atomic weight,
and 4 95 the specific gravity, then
108
10.4
127
4.95
25.7 the atomic volume; while in the case
of silver,
10.2 the atomic volume of silver, whence it is inferred that 25.7
volumes of iodine unite with 10.2 volumes of silver to form iodide of silver. AqI.
Equal weights of different bodies require different amounts of heat to raise them
through the same number of degrees of temperature. Thus, to raise a pound of iron
from 32° to 33° requires 0.11379 of a unit of heat, while only 0.0324 of a unit is
required to raise the temperature of a pound of platinum by the same amount. If
566
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES,
instead of using equal weights of the bodies, quantities in proportion to their atomic
weights are employed, and the amounts of heat required to raise these quantities
through one degree of temperature are determined, they will be found to be either
identical, or to bear a very simple numerical relation to each other. Thus, 56 and
197 are respectively the atomic weights of iron and platinum; the amount of heat
required to raise 56 pounds of iron through 1° Fahr. is 56×0.1138 or 6.3728, while
that required to raise 197 pounds of platinum through 1° Fahr. is 197×0.0324 or
6.3828. Regnault calls the number got by multiplying together those which express
the atomic weight and specific heat of a body its atomatic heat. This number repre-
sents the quantity of heat required to raise the so-called atom through one degree of
temperature.
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
[From the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, 1873.]
SUBSTANCES ADDED TO THE MATERIA MEDICA OF THE
UNITED STATES PHARMACOPŒIA.
Acidum Carbolicum,
Acidum Carbolicum Impurum,
.
Acidum Oxalicum,
Ammonii Nitras,
Calcii Hypophosphis,
Cannabis Americana,
Cannabis Indica,
Cerii Oxalas,
Chloral,
Cinchona,
•
Conii Fructus,
Cuprum,.
Ferri Hypophosphis,
Gossypii Radicis Cortex,
Iodoformum,
Origanum,
Physostigma,
·
Potassii Hypophosphis,
Potassii Sulphis,
Sodii Bicarbonas Venalis,
Sodii Hypophosphis,
Sodii Hyposulphis, .
Sodii Nitras,
•
Zinci Oxidum Venale,
•
-
a
Primary List.
•
•
•
•
•
•
A
Carbolic Acid.
Impure Carbolic Acid.
Oxalic Acid.
Nitrate of Ammonium.
Hypophosphite of Calcium.
American Hemp.
Indian Hemp.
Oxalate of Cerium.
Chloral.
Cinchona.
Conium Seed.
Copper.
Hypophosphite of Iron.
Bark of Cotton Root.
Iodoform.
Origanum.
Calabar Bean.
Hypophosphite of Potassium.
Sulphite of Potassium.
Commercial Bicarbonate of Sodium.
Hypophosphite of Sodium.
Hyposulphite of Sodium.
Nitrate of Sodium.
Commercial Oxide of Zinc.
Secondary List.
Asclepias Incarnata,
Asclepias Syriaca,
Castanea,
•
Flesh-colored Asclepias.
Common Silkweed.
Chestnut.
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
567
SUBSTANCES DISMISSED FROM THE MATERIA MEDICA.
Primary List.
Oleum Bubulum,
Neat's-foot Oil.
Secondary List.
Aletris,
Angelica,
Arum,
Gossypii Radix,
Star Grass.
Angelica.
Indian Turnip.
Cotton Root.
PREPARATIONS ADDED TO THE PHARMACOPŒIA.
Ammonii Benzoas,
•
Ammonii Bromidum,
Benzoate of Ammonium.
Bromide of Ammonium.
Ammonii Chloridum Purificatum, .
Ammonii Iodidum,
Aqua Acidi Carbolici,
Aqua Anisi,
Charta Cantharidis,
Charta Sinapis,
Collodium Flexile,
Digitalinum,
Emplastrum Aconiti,
•
•
Purified Chloride of Ammonium.
Iodide of Ammonium.
•
•
Extractum Belladonna Radicis Fluidum,
Extractum Calumbæ Fluidum,
Extractum Cannabis Americanæ,
Extractum Chimaphile Fluidum,
Extractum Conii Fructûs Fluidum,
Extractum Cornûs Floridæ Fluidum,
Extractum Cubeba Fluidum,
Extractum Digitalis Fluidum,
•
•
Extractum Erigerontis Canadensis Flui-
dum,
Extractum Geranii Fluidum,
•
Carbolic Acid Water.
Anise Water.
Cantharides Paper.
Mustard Paper.
Flexible Collodion.
Digitalin.
Aconite Plaster.
Fluid Extract of Belladonna Root.
Fluid Extract of Columbo.
Extract of American Hemp.
Fluid Extract of Pipsissewa.
Fluid Extract of Conium Seed.
Fluid Extract of Dogwood.
Fluid Extract of Cubeb.
Fluid Extract of Digitalis.
Fluid Extract of Canada Fleabane.
Fluid Extract of Geranium.
Extractum Glycyrrhizæ Fluidum,
Fluid Extract of Licorice Root.
•
Extractum Gossypii Radicis Fluidum,
Fluid Extract of Cotton Root.
Extractum Hydrastis Fluidum,
Fluid Extract of Hydrastis.
Fluid Extract of Rhatany.
Extractum Krameriæ Fluidum,
Extractum Matico Fluidum,
Extractum Mezerei Fluidum, .
Extractum Pareira Fluidum, .
·
Extractum Physostigmatis,
Extractum Rubi Fluidum,
•
Fluid Extract of Matico.
Fluid Extract of Mezereon.
Fluid Extract of Pareira Brava.
Extract of Calabar Bean.
Fluid Extract of Blackberry.
Fluid Extract of Savine.
·
Fluid Extract of Squill.
Fluid Extract of Seneka.
Extractum Sabinæ Fluidum,
Extractum Scillæ Fluidum,
Extractum Senegæ Fluidum,
Extractum Stillingiæ Fluidum,
Extractum Stramonii Seminis,
Fluid Extract of Stillingia.
Extract of Stramonium Seed.
568
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
Ferri et Strychniæ Citras,
Ferri Oxalas,
•
Glyceritum Acidi Carbolici,
Glyceritum Acidi Gallici,
Citrate of Iron and Strychnia.
Oxalate of Iron.
•
Glycerite of Carbolic Acid.
Glyceritum Acidi Tannici,
Glyceritum Picis Liquidæ,
Glyceritum Sodii Boratis,
Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum,
Linimentum Aconiti,
Linimentum Plumbi Subacetatis,
Liquor Arsenici Chloridi,
Liquor Ferri Chloridi,
·
Liquor Potassii Permanganatis,
Liquor Sodii Arseniatis, .
Liquor Zinci Chloridi,
Lithii Citras,
•
Oleoresina Filicis,
Oleum Origani,
Oleum Rutæ,
•
Pyroxylon,
Soda,
Sodii Arsenias,
Spiritus Juniperi,
Succus Conii,
•
Succus Taraxaci,
•
Suppositoria Acidi Carbolici, .
Suppositoria Acidi Tannici,
Suppositoria Aloes,.
Suppositoria Asafœtidæ,
Suppositoria Belladonna,
Suppositoria Morphia, .
Suppositoria Opii,
Suppositoria Plumbi,
Suppositoria Plumbi et Opii,
Tinctura Aurantii,
·
Tinctura Benzoini, .
Trochisci Acidi Tannici,
Trochisci Morphiæ et Ipecacuanhæ,
Trochisci Potassii Chloratis,
Trochisci Santonini,
·
•
·
•
•
Glycerite of Gallic Acid.
Glycerite of Tannic Acid.
Glycerite of Tar.
Glycerite of Borate of Sodium.
Yellow Oxide of Mercury.
Liniment of Aconite.
Liniment of Subacetate of Lead.
Solution of Chloride of Arsenic.
Solution of Chloride of Iron.
Solution of Permanganate of Potassium.
Solution of Arseniate of Sodium.
Solution of Chloride of Zinc.
Citrate of Lithium.
•
·
•
Unguentum Acidi Carbolici,
Unguentum Cantharidis,
Unguentum Hydrargyri Iodidi Rubri,
Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi,
Unguentum Mezerei,
Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi,
Oleoresin of Fern.
•
•
Oil of Origanum.
Oil of Rue.
Pyroxylon.
Soda.
Arseniate of Sodium.
Spirit of Juniper.
Juice of Conium.
Juice of Dandelion.
Suppositories of Carbolic Acid.
Suppositories of Tannic Acid.
•
Suppositories of Aloes.
Suppositories of Asafœtida.
Suppositories of Belladonna.
Suppositories of Morphia.
Suppositories of Opium.
Suppositories of Lead.
Suppositories of Lead and Opium.
Tincture of Orange-peel.
Tincture of Benzoin.
Troches of Tannic Acid.
Troches of Morphia and Ipecacuanha.
Troches of Chlorate of Potassium.
Troches of Santonin.
Ointment of Carbolic Acid.
Ointment of Cantharides.
•
Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury.
•
Ointment of Yellow Oxide of Mercury.
Ointment of Mezereon.
Ointment of Iodide of Lead.
PREPARATIONS DISMISSED FROM THE PHARMACOPIA.
Acetum Colchici,
•
Acidum Hydriodicum Dilutum,
Vinegar of Colchicum.
Diluted Hydriodic Acid.
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
569
Extractum Cannabis Purificatum,
Extractum Conii Fluidum,
Extractum Stramonii,
Soda Valerianas,
Tinctura Aconiti Folii,
·
Purified Extract of Hemp.
Fluid Extract of Hemlock.
Extract of Stramonium.
Valerianate of Soda.
Tincture of Aconite Leaf.
CHANGES OF LATIN OFFICINAL NAMES.
Name in the Pharmacopoeia of 1860.
Aconiti Folium,
Alumen, .
•
Aluminæ et Ammonia Sulphas,
Ammonia,*
Ammonia Carbonas,
Ammoniæ Murias,
Ammoniæ Sulphas, .
Ammoniæ Valerianas,
Asclepias,
Barytæ Carbonas,
Belladonnæ Folium,
•
New Name.
Aconiti Folia.
•
•
•
Aluminii et Potassii Sulphas.
Alumen.
Ammonium.
Ammonii Carbonas.
Ammonii Chloridum.
Ammonii Sulphas.
Ammonii Valerianas.
Asclepias Tuberosa.
Barii Carbonas.
Belladonnæ Folia.
Calcii Carbonas Præcipitata.
Calcii Phosphas Præcipitata.
Ceratum.
Calcis Carbonas Præcipitata,
Calcis Phosphas Præcipitata,
Ceratum Adipis,
Conium,
•
•
•
Extractum Aconiti Alcoholicum,
Extractum Arnicæ Alcoholicum,
Extractum Cannabis,
Extractum Colocynthidis Alcoholicum,
Extractum Digitalis Alcoholicum, .
Extractum Hellebori Alcoholicum,
Extractum Ignatia Alcoholicum,
•
•
Extractum Nucis Vomicæ Alcoholicum,
Extractum Rhei Alcoholicum,
Extractum Sarsaparilla Fluidum Com-
positum,
Extractum Senegæ Alcoholicum,
Extractum Stramonii Alcoholicum,
Extractum Valerianæ Alcoholicum,
Ferri et Ammoniæ Citras,
Ferri et Ammoniæ Sulphas,
Ferri et Ammoniæ Tartras,
Ferri et Potassæ Tartras,
Hyoscyami Folium,
Liquor Ammoniæ Acetatis,
Liquor Ammoniæ Citratis,
Liquor Magnesia Citratis,
Liquor Potassæ Arsenitis,
Liquor Potassæ Citratis, .
•
•
•
Conii Folia.
Extractum Aconiti.
Extractum Arnicæ.
Extractum Cannabis Indicæ.
Extractum Colocynthidis.
Extractum Digitalis.
Extractum Hellebori.
Extractum Ignatiæ.
Extractum Nucis Vomicæ.
Extractum Rhei.
Extractum Sarsaparille Compositum
Fluidum.
Extractum Senegæ.
Extractum Stramonii Foliorum.
Extractum Valerianæ.
Ferri et Ammonii Citras.
•
Ferri et Ammonii Sulphas.
Ferri et Ammonii Tartras.
Ferri et Potassii Tartras.
Hyoscyami Folia.
Liquor Ammonii Acetatis.
Liquor Ammonii Citratis.
Liquor Magnesii Citratis.
Liquor Potassii Arsenitis.
Liquor Potassii Citratis.
* Changed as the general heading of a class of preparations.
570
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
Name in the Pharmacopoeia of 1860.
•
•
Lithiæ Carbonas,
Magnesia Carbonas,
Magnesiæ Sulphas,
Mel Soda Boratis,
Mistura Potassæ Citratis,
Oleum Amygdala Dulcis,
Pilula Ferri Carbonatis,
Pilula Saponis Compositæ,
Potassæ Acetas,
Potasso Bicarbonas,
Potasse Bichromas,
Potassæ Bitartras,
Potasse Carbonas,
•
New Name.
Lithii Carbonas.
Magnesii Carbonas.
Magnesii Sulphas.
Mel Sodii Boratis.
Mistura Potassii Citratis.
Oleum Amygdala Expressum.
Pilula Ferri Carbonatis.
Pilula Saponis Composita.
Potassii Acetas.
Potassii Bicarbonas.
•
Potassii Bichromas.
Potassii Bitartras.
Potassæ Carbonas Impura,
Potassæ Carbonas Pura,
Potassæ Chloras,
Potassæ Citras,
Potassæ et Soda Tartras,
Potassæ Nitras,
Potassæ Permanganas,
Potassæ Sulphas,
Potasse Tartras,
Sassafras Radicis Cortex,
Sesami Folium,
Sodæ Acetas,
•
Soda Bicarbonas,
Soda Boras,
Soda Carbonas,
Soda Carbonas Exsiccata,
Soda Phosphas,
Potassii Carbonas.
Potassii Carbonas Impura.
Potassii Carbonas Pura.
Potassii Chloras.
Potassii Citras.
Potassii et Sodii Tartras.
Potassii Nitras.
•
Potassii Permanganas.
Potassii Sulphas.
Potassii Tartras.
Sassafras.
Sesamum.
Sodii Acetas.
•
·
Sodii Bicarbonas.
Sodii Boras.
Sodii Carbonas.
Sodii Carbonas Exsiccata.
Sodii Phosphas.
Sodii Sulphas.
Soda Sulphas,
•
Soda Sulphis,
•
Stramonii Folium,
Trochisci Soda Bicarbonatis,
•
Ulmus Fulva,
Unguentum Adipis,
•
Sodii Sulphis.
Stramonii Folia.
Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis.
Ulmus.
Unguentum.
CHANGES OF ENGLISH OFFICINAL NAMES.
Name in the Pharmacopoeia of 1860.
Acetate of Potassa,
Acetate of Soda,
•
New Name.
Acetate of Potassium.
Acetate of Sodium.
Aconite Leaves.
Aconite Leaf, .
Alcoholic Extract of Aconite,
Alcoholic Extract of Arnica,
•
Alcoholic Extract of Black Hellebore,
Alcoholic Extract of Colocynth,
Alcoholic Extract of Digitalis,
Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock,
Alcoholic Extract of Henbane,
Extract of Aconite.
Extract of Arnica.
Extract of Black Hellebore.
Extract of Colycynth.
Extract of Digitalis.
Alcoholic Extract of Conium.
•
Alcoholic Extract of Hyoscyamus.
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
571
Name in the Pharmacopoeia of 1860.
Alcoholic Extract of Ignatia, .
Alcoholic Extract of Nux Vomica,
Alcoholic Extract of Rhubarb,
Alcoholic Extract of Stramonium,
Alcoholic Extract of Valerian,
Alum,
Bark of Sassafras Root,
Belladonna Leaf,
Benne Leaf,
Bicarbonate of Potassa,
Bicarbonate of Soda,
Bitartrate of Potassa,
Blackberry Root,
Black Oak Bark,
Borate of Soda,
Canada Fleabane,
Carbonate of Ammonia,
Carbonate of Baryta,
Carbonate of Lithia,
Carbonate of Magnesia,
Carbonate of Potassa,
Carbonate of Soda,
•
Cerate of Cantharides,
Cerate of Lard,
Cerate of Savine,
Cerate of Spermaceti,
Chlorate of Potassa,
Citrate of Potassa,
Compound Pills of Soap, .
•
Compound Plaster of Galbanum,
Cranesbill,
Decoction of White Oak Bark,
Dried Carbonate of Soda,
Extract of Hemlock,
Extract of Henbane,
Fleabane,
Fluid Extract of Henbane,
Fluid Extract of Wild-cherry Bark,
Hemlock,
Henbane Leaf,
Henbane Seed,
Honey of Borate of Soda,
Impure Carbonate of Potassa, .
Infusion of Wild-cherry Bark,
Mixture of Citrate of Potassa, .
Muriate of Ammonia,
Nitrate of Potassa,
Oil of Sweet Almond,
Ointment of Antimony, .
•
•
•
•
New Name.
Extract of Ignatia.
Extract of Nux Vomica.
Extract of Rhubarb.
Extract of Stramonium Leaves.
Extract of Valerian.
Sulphate of Aluminium and Potassium.
Sassafras.
Belladonna Leaves.
Benne.
Bicarbonate of Potassium.
Bicarbonate of Sodium.
Bitartrate of Potassium.
Blackberry.
Black Oak.
Borate of Sodium.
Canada Erigeron.
Carbonate of Ammonium.
Carbonate of Barium.
•
Carbonate of Lithium.
·
•
•
•
•
Carbonate of Magnesium.
Carbonate of Potassium.
Carbonate of Sodium.
Cantharides Cerate.
Cerate.
Savine Cerate.
Spermaceti Cerate.
Chlorate of Potassium.
Citrate of Potassium.
Compound Pill of Soap.
Compound Galbanum Plaster.
Geranium.
Decoction of White Oak.
Dried Carbonate of Sodium.
Extract of Conium.
Extract of Hyoscyamus.
Erigeron.
Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus.
Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry.
Conium Leaves.
Hyoscyamus Leaves.
Hyoscyamus Seed.
Honey of Borate of Sodium.
•
Impure Carbonate of Potassium.
Infusion of Wild Cherry.
Mixture of Citrate of Potassium.
Chloride of Ammonium.
•
Nitrate of Potassium.
Expressed Oil of Almond.
Antimonial Ointment.
ན་
572
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
Name in the Pharmacopoeia of 1860.
Ointment of Iodine,
Ointment of Lard,
•
Ointment of Mercury,
Ointment of Stramonium,
Ointment of Sulphur,
•
New Name
Iodine Ointment.
•
•
Ointment.
Mercurial Ointment.
Stramonium Ointment.
Sulphur Ointment.
Ointment of Tobacco,
Ointment of Veratria,
Permanganate of Potassa,
Phosphate of Soda,
Pills of Carbonate of Iron,
Plaster of Ammoniac,
Plaster of Antimony,
Plaster of Arnica,
•
Plaster of Asafoetida,
Plaster of Belladonna,
Plaster of Burgundy Pitch,
Plaster of Canada Pitch,
Plaster of Iron,
Plaster of Lead,
Plaster of Mercury,
•
Plaster of Opium,
Precipitated Carbonate of Lime,
Precipitated Phosphate of Lime,
Pure Carbonate of Potassa,
Solution of Acetate of Ammonia,
Solution of Arsenite of Potassa,
Solution of Citrate of Ammonia,
Solution of Citrate of Magnesia,
Solution of Citrate of Potassa,
Stramonium Leaf,
•
·
Sulphate of Alumina and Ammonia,
Sulphate of Ammonia,
·
Sulphate of Iron and Ammonia,
Sulphate of Magnesia,
•
•
•
•
Tobacco Ointment.
Veratria Ointment.
Pemanganate of Potassium.
Phosphate of Sodium.
Pill of Carbonate of Iron.
Ammoniac Plaster.
Antimonial Plaster.
Arnica Plaster.
Asafoetida Plaster.
Belladonna Plaster.
Burgundy Pitch Plaster.
Canada Pitch Plaster.
Iron Plaster.
Lead Plaster.
Mercurial Plaster.
Opium Plaster.
Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium.
Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium.
Pure Carbonate of Potassium.
Solution of Acetate of Ammonium.
Solution of Arsenite of Potassium.
Solution of Citrate of Ammonium.
Solution of Citrate of Magnesium.
Solution of Citrate of Potassium.
Stramonium Leaves.
Alum.
Sulphate of Ammonium.
Sulphate of Iron and Ammonium.
Sulphate of Magnesium.
Sulphate of Potassa,
Sulphate of Soda,
Sulphite of Soda,
Tartrate of Iron and Ammonia,
Tartrate of Iron and Potassa,
Tartrate of Potassa,
Tartrate of Potassa and Soda, .
Tincture of Hemlock,
Tincture of Henbane,
•
Sulphate of Potassium.
•
Sulphate of Sodium.
Sulphite of Sodium.
Tartrate of Iron and Ammonium.
Tartrate of Iron and Potassium.
•
Tartrate of Potassium.
Troches of Bicarbonate of Soda,
Valerianate of Ammonia,
White-oak Bark,
Wild-cherry Bark, .
Wine of Antimony,
Tartrate of Potassium and Sodium.
Tincture of Conium.
Tincture of Hyoscyamus.
Troches of Bicarbonate of Sodium.
Valerianate of Ammonium.
White Oak,
Wild Cherry.
Antimonial Wine.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
573
Alumen,
NEW MEANINGS OF OLD NAMES.
Emplastrum Belladonnæ,
་
A name formerly given to the Sulphate of Alu-
mina and Potassa; now given to the Sulphate
of Aluminium and Ammonium.
A name formerly given to the Plaster prepared
from Belladonna Leaves; now given to the
Plaster prepared from Belladonna Root.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF THE UNITED STATES
One Pound,
tb
One Ounce,
NO
PHARMACOPŒIA.
12 Ounces
8 Drachms
3 Scruples
5.760 Grains.
480 Grains.
60 Grains.
One Drachm,
One Scruple,
One Grain,
3
Э
gr.
One Gallon,
8 Pints
One Pint,
0
16 Fluidounces
One Fluidounce, f3
8 Fluidrachms
One Fluidrachm, fz
One Minim,
my
20 Grains.
1 Grain.
61.440 Minims.
7.680 Minims.
480 Minims.
60 Minims.
1 Minim.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF THE METRICAL SYSTEM.
One Myriametre
One Kilometre
One Hectometre
One Decametre
One Metre
One Decimetre
One Centimetre
One Millimetre
Measures of Length.
10,000 Metres.
1,000 Metres.
100 Metres.
10 Metres.
the ten-millionth part of a quarter of the meridian of
the earth.
the tenth part of one Metre, or 0.1 Metre.
the hundredth part of one Metre, or 0.01 Metre.
the thousandth part of one Metre, or 0.001 Metre.
Weights.
One Myriagramme
One Kilogramme
One Hectogramme
One Decagramme
One Gramme
One Decigramme
One Centigramme
One Milligramme
10,000 Grammes.
L
1,000 Grammes.
100 Grammes.
10 Grammes.
the weight of a cubic Centimetre of water at 4° C.
the tenth part of one Gramme, or 0.1 Gramme.
the hundredth part of one Gramme, or 0.01 Gramme.
the thousandth part of one Gramme, or 0.001 Gramme.
574
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
One Myrialitre
One Kilolitre
One Hectolitre
One Decalitre
One Litre
One Decilitre
One Centilitre
One Millilitre
MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
10 cubic Metres, or the measure of 10 Milliers of water.
1 cubic Metre, or the measure of 1 Millier of water.
100 cubic Decimetres, or the measure of 1 Quintal of water.
10 cubic Decimetres, or the measure of 1 Myriagramme of
water.
1 cubic Decimetre, or the measure of 1 Kilogramme of
water.
= 100 cubic Centimetres, or the measure of 1 Hectogramme of
water.
10 cubic Centimetres, or the measure of 1 Decagramme of
water.
1 cubic Centimetre, or the measure of 1 Gramme of water.
RELATION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF THE UNITED STATES
PHARMACOPOEIA TO EACH OTHER.
In Distilled Water at the Temperature of 60°.
0.7900031 Pint
1.0533376 Fluidounces
1.0533376 Fluidrachms.
6067.2238 Minims.
505 6019 Minims.
63.2002 Minims.
21.0667 Minims.
One Pound
One Ounce
One Drachm
One Scruple
One Grain
One Gallon
One Pint
One Fluidounce
One Fluidrachm
One Minim
10.1265427 Pounds
1.2658178 Pounds
0.9493633 Ounce
0.9493633 Drachm
1.0533 Minims.
58328.8862 Grains.
7291.1107 Grains.
455.6944 Grains.
56.9618 Grain.
0.9493 Grain.
RELATION OF MEASURES OF THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPŒIA
TO CUBIC MEASURE.
One Gallon
231.
Cubic inches.
28.875
Cubic inches.
One Pint
One Fluidounce
One Fluidrachm
One Minim
1.80468 Cubic inches.
0.22558 Cubic inch.
0.00375 Cubic inch.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
575
RELATION OF WEIGHTS OF THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPIA
TO METRICAL WEIGHTS.
Fractions of a Grain in
Milligrammes.
Grains in equivalent Metri-
cal Weights.
Drachms, Ounces, and
Pounds in Equivalent Met-
rical Weights.
GRAIN.
MILLIGRAMMES.
GRAINS.
CENTIGRAMMES.
DRACHMS.
GRAMMES.
1 012
1
6.479
80
1.079
DECIGRAMMES.
1 2
30
1.295
2
1.295
1785
1.349
3
1.943
48
1.619
4
2.591
40
उठे
1.799
5
3.239
CO + LO
3
3.887
7.775
DECAGRAMMES.
1.166
4
1.555
5
1 943
2.159
6
3.887
6
2.332
3
25
2.591
7
4.535
7
2.721
24
2.699
8
5.183
OUNCES.
20
3.239
9
5.831
1
ΤΣ
HK 2 Ho Ho Ho Hko iko i ko ky
4.049
10
6.479
4 319
12
7.775
1 2 3
3 1103
6.2206
9.3309
5.399
15
9.718
HECTOGRAMMES,
6.479
GRAMMES.
4
1.2441
8.098
16
1.036
5
1.5551
10.798
20
1.295
6
1.8661
12.958
24
1.555
7
2.1772
16.197
25
1.619
8
2.4882
21.597
30
1.943
9
|| ||
2.7992
32.395
40
2.591
10
3.1103
50
3.239
11
3.4213
60
3.887
POUNDS.
12
3.7324
7.4648
KILOGRAMMES,
3
1.1197
576
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
1
:
RELATION OF METRICAL WEIGHTS TO WEIGHTS OF THE UNITED
STATES PHARMACOPIA.
Metrical
Weights.
Exact
Equivalents
in Grains.
Approximate
Equivalents
in Grains.
Metrical
Weights.
Exact
Equivalents
Approximate
Equivalentsin
in Grains.
Troy Weight.
MILLIGRAMMES.
3
∞ 1 2 45
.0463
ইই
GRAMMES.
.0154
.0308
1
6 3
32¹2
1
.0617
16
.0771
1
13
- a
6
.0926
7
.1080
1
8
.1234
1
8
9
.1389
128 TH LO 6 7 ∞ ∞
15.434
gr. xv.
30.868
3ss.
3
46 302
Dij.
4
61.736
3j.
5
77.170
Div.
92 604
Ziss.
108.038
vss.
123.472
zij.
9
138 906
Dvij.
CENTIGRAMMES.
DECAGRAMMES.
3
4
-Ca đi 20 có 1 60
1
..1543
2
.3086
TRO H/D
1
154.340
Ziiss.
2
308.680
3v.
.4630
3
463.020
13
3viiss.
.6173
7
4
617.360
3x.
5
.7717
12/00
3
5
771.701
4
3xiij.
6
.9260
6
926.041
10
7
1.0803
1
7
1,080.881
3xv.
3xviij.
8
1.2347
11
9
1.3890
1 1/1/0
HIH HIS
8
1,234.721
9
1,389.062
3xx.
3xxiij.
DECIGRAMMES.
HECTOGRAMMES.
1 2 30 TH LO
1.543
1/1/0
3.086
3
4.630
4
6 173
6
5
7.717
71
1 2 ∞0 TH LO
1,543.402
Ziij v.
3,086.804
3 vj ziij.
3
4,630.206
Zix zv.
4
6,173.609
Ibj zvij.
5
7,717.011
Ibj Ziv.
6
7
9.260
9
6
9,260.413
lbj Zvij.
10.803
11
7
10,803.816
tbj 3x ziv.
8
12.347
12
8
12,347.218
Ibij Zj zv.
8
9
= 13.890
14
9
13,890.620
Ibij Zv.
KILOGRAMME.
1
15,434.023
Ibij Zviij.
MYRIOGRAMME.
= 154,340.23
Hbxxvj Zix ziv.
CATALOGUE NO. 1.
NOVEMBER, 1884.

CATALOGUE
OF
MEDICAL, DENTAL, PHARMACEUTICAL
AND
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS,
PUBLISHED BY

MAT
1012
BLAKISTON
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te odite'
ויייי
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"We venture to say that among the numerous medical publications issued during 1880, there has been none
which will prove more useful to the young general practitioner, for whom it is really intended, than this volume,
while the time of the older physician might be much more unprofitably spent."-American Journal of Medical
Science.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
ON LIFE AND VITAL ACTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.
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THE USE OF THE MICROSCOPE IN PRACTICAL MEDI-
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American Journal of Medical Science.
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BENTLEY'S STUDENTS' BOTANY.
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8
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BRUBAKER, PHYSIOLOGY.
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Physiology, Medical Department University of the City of New York.
BYFORD. DISEASES OF WOMEN. New Revised Edition.
The Practice of Medicine and Surgery, as applied to the Diseases of Women.
By W. H. BYFORD, A.M., M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and The Diseases of Wo-
men and Children, in the Chicago Medical College. Third Edition. Revised
and Enlarged, much of it rewritten, with numerous additional illustrations.
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commend it to the diligent study of every practitioner
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York Medical Record.
Price, in Cloth $5.00; Leather, $6.00
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can press."-Chicago Medical Examiner.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
ON THE UTERUS. The Chronic Inflammation and Displace-
ment of the Unimpregnated Uterus.
An Enlarged Edition, with Illustrations. 8vo.
"A good book from a good man.”—American Journal Medical Science.
Price $2.50
"It is a sensible, practical work, and cannot fail to be read with interest and profit.”—Boston Medical and
Surgical Journal.
PUBLICATIONS.
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BRAUNE, TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY.
An Atlas of Topographical Anatomy. Thirty-four Full-page Plates, Photo-
graphed on Stone, from Plane Sections of Frozen Bodies, with many other illus-
trations. By Wilhelm BraunE, Professor of Anatomy at Leipzig. Translated
and Edited by EDWARD BELLAMY, F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Anatomy, Charing
Cross Hospital, London. Quarto. Price, Cloth, $8.00; Half Morocco, $10.00
"As a whole the work cannot fail to meet with a hearty reception by every progressive student of the human
body. To the surgeon it is a contribution to the study of topographical anatomy which needs to be known to be
properly appreciated To such practitioners who reside in large cities, where anatomy can be studied upon the
cadaver, it will afford a valuable aid, while to those who are without such means of study it is an almost indis-
pensable addition to a working library."-New York Medical Record.
"We commend the book most heartily to the Profession."-American Journal of Medical Science.
BUCKNILL AND TUKE ON INSANITY.
A Manual of Pyschological Medicine: containing the Lunacy Laws, the
Nosology, Etiology, Statistics, Description, Diagnosis, Pathology (including
morbid Histology), and Treatment of Insanity. By JOHN CHARLES BUCKNILL,
M.D., F.R.S., and DANIEL HACK TUKE, M.D., F.R.C.P. Fourth Edition, much
enlarged, with twelve lithographic plates, and numerous illustrations. Octavo.
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"We have read no book in any language, and certainly none in English, which ought to be preferred to this
for a text book, by those who wish to make a thorough study of the subject.-Edinburgh Medical Fournal.
"We can heartily commend the work.-American Journal of Insanity.
BURDETT, HOSPITALS.
Pay Hospitals and Paying Wards throughout the World. Facts in support
of a rearrangement of the system of Medical Relief. By HENRY C. BURDETT.
8vo.
Price $2.25
"Mr. Burdett displays and discusses the whole scheme of Hospital accommodation with a comprehensive
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BY SAME AUTHOR.
COTTAGE HOSPITALS.
General, Fever, and Convalescent: their Progress, Management, and Work.
Second Edition, rewritten and much Enlarged, with many Plans and Illustra-
tions. Crown 8vo.
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aries. 14. A more Detailed Account of certain Cottage Hospitals, with Plans and Elevations. 15. Selected and
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BUZZARD, NERVOUS DISEASES.
Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System. By THOS. BUZZARD,
M.D. Illustrated. Octavo.
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CARPENTER, THE MICROSCOPE. Sixth Edition.
The Microscope and its Revelations.
and its Revelations. By W. B. CARPENTER, M.D., F.R.S.
Sixth Edition. Revised and Enlarged, with over 500 Illustrations. Price $5.50
"Not only the student of medicine, but amateurs,
and others interested in the study of natural history,
will find this volume one of great practical value."-
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"As a text book of Microscopy in its special relation
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supply the wants of the ordinary student."-American
Journal of Microscopy.
10
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CARTER, EYESIGHT.
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Eyesight, Good and Bad. A Treatise on the Exercise and Preservation of
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Price, Cloth, $1.25
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"There is much wholesome advice given on the Care of the Eyes in Infancy and Childhood,' and on this
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CARTER, PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Elements of Practical Medicine. By ALFRED H. CARTER, M.D., London,
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CULLINGWORTH, ON NURSING. Illustrated.
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CAZEAUX AND TARNIER'S MIDWIFERY.
Edition. Twelve Full-page Plates.
Cloth, $1.00
Price, Cloth, .75
New Revised
The Theory and Practice of Obstetrics; including the Diseases of Pregnancy
and Parturition, Obstetrical Operations, etc. By P. CAZEAUX, Member of the
Imperial Academy of Medicine, Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Medicine in
Paris. Remodeled and rearranged, with revisions and additions, by S. TARNIER,
M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the Faculty
of Medicine of Paris. A New American, from the Eighth French and First
Italian Edition. Edited and Enlarged by ROBERT J. HESS, M.D., Physician to the
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Plates (five of which are beautifully colored) and over 175 Wood Engravings.
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For many years
"Cazeaux's Obstetrics" has been one of the leading text-books in America and England, as
well as in France, and the recent decision of four of the foremost Professors of Italy, Drs. Chiara, Morisani, Porro,
and Tibone, to translate it into their own language, is a further proof of its usefulness, and that it still stands
highest as a practical guide to the general practitioner. Another and perhaps a stronger proof of the value cf
this great work, is the fact that by comparing many of the text-books issued since the first edition of Cazeaux
was published, it will be found that the later authors have, to more or less extent, used it as a foundation for
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With these important proofs in their mind, the publishers determined to issue a new edition; which would
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condensed summary of the leading principles established by the masters of the obstetric art, and such clear,
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known men have also been drawn from, as well as the experience of the editor, an experience gained in every-
day work. New chapters or sections have been written, new illustrations inserted, old ones recut, and twelve
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PUBLICATIONS.
II
CHARTERIS, PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Hand-Book of the Practice of Medicine. By M. CHARTERIS, M.D., Member
of Hospital Staff and Professor in University of Glasgow. With Microscopic and
other illustrations.
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CHAVASSE ON CHILDREN.
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careful.
CLAY ON OBSTETRIC SURGERY. Third Edition.
A complete Hand-Book of Obstetric Surgery, with Rules for every Emergency
and Descriptions of the more difficult as well as the every day operations. By
CHARLES CLAY, M.D., with numerous Illustrations. From the Third London
Edition.
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12mo.
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CLEVELAND, POCKET DICTIONARY.
A Pronouncing Medical Lexicon, containing correct Pronunciation and Defi-
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COHEN, INHALATION. Enlarged Edition.
Inhalation, its Therapeutics and Practice, including a Description of the Ap-
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COOPER ON SYPHILIS.
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COBBOLD, PARASITES.
A Treatise on the Entozoa of Man and Animals, including some account of
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8vo.
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12
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COLES, THE MOUTH. Third Edition, just ready.
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Price $4.50
Altogether we must heartily congratulate Mr. Coles on this creditable completion of a work which cannot
ut redound to his credit wherever it is known.”—British Journal of Dental Science.
"We recommend this book to the study of both surgeons and dentists "-London Lancet.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
CHAPMAN. THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD.
A History of the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood. By HENRY
C. CHAPMAN, M.D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence
in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Octavo.
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THE DENTAL STUDENT'S NOTE-BOOK.
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CORMACK, CLINICAL STUDIES.
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COURTY, THE UTERUS, OVARIES, ETC. Subscription only.
A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Uterus, Ovaries, and Fallopian
Tubes. By Prof. A. COURTY, of Montpellier, France. Translated from the
Third Edition by his pupil and assistant, AGNES MCLAREN, M.D., M.K.Q.C.P.I.
With a Preface by J. MATTHEWS DUNCAN, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Obstetric Physi-
cian to Saint Bartholomew's Hospital, London. With 431 Illustrations. One
Vol., 8vo. Price, in Handsome Cloth, $6.00; Full Sheep, Raised Bands, $7.00
OUTLINE OF CONTENTS.
TRODUCTION. On the Anatomy, Physiology, and Teratology of the Organs of Generation. PART 1.—
GENERAL SURVEY OF UTERINE DISEASES. Diagnosis of Uterine Diseases in General; Treatment of
Uterine Diseases in General; General Characteristics of Uterine Diseases. PART II.—Uterine Diseases
IN DETAIL. Functional Disorders; Changes of Position; Morbid States without Neoplasm; Organic
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Courty's work has, since its first publication, been recognized everywhere. In France, its position is
attested by the sale of two editions, numbering, I am told, ten thousand copies, and by the appearance of
another, the third edition. I recommend to the careful study of my professional brethren a book which has
already been crowned by the Institute of France.”—J. Matthews Duncan.
CURLING, ON THE TESTIS.
A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Testis, Spermatic Cord, and
Scrotum. By T. B. CURLING, M.D., F.R.S. Fourth Edition, Enlarged and Il-
lustrated. 8vo.
Price $5.50
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COOPER'S SURGICAL DICTIONARY.
A Dictionary of Practical Surgery and Encyclopædia of Surgical Science.
By SAMUEL COOPER. New Edition, brought down to the present time. By
SAMUEL A. LANE, F.R.C.S., assisted by various eminent Surgeons. In two
vols.
Price $12.00
COTTLE, ON THE HAIR.
The Hair in Health and Disease. By E. W. COTTLE, M.D. Partly from the
notes of the late GEORGE NAYLER. 18mo.
CORFIELD, DWELLING HOUSES.
The Sanitary Construction and Arrangement of Dwelling Houses. By W.
H. CORFIELD, M.A., M.D. Enlarged Edition, with Plans and Illustrations.
Price $1.25
12mo.
PUBLICATIONS.
13
COULSON, THE BLADDER. Sixth Edition..
Diseases of the Bladder and Prostate Gland. By WALTER J. COULSON, F.R.C.S.
Sixth Edition. Revised and Enlarged, with 22 Engravings. 8vo. Price $6.40
CRIPPS, THE RECTUM.
Cancer of the Rectum.
HARRISON CRIPPS, F.R.C.S.
DAY ON CHILDREN.
Its Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. By. W.
Illustrated by Plates. 8vo.
Second Edition. Just Ready.
Price $2.40
A Practical and Systematic Treatise for Practi-
Second Edition. Rewritten and
Price, Cloth, $5.00; Sheep, $6.00
The Diseases of Children.
tioners and Students. By Wм. H. DAY, M.D.
very much Enlarged. 8vo. 752 pp.
Believing the work well adapted to meet the wants
of the Student as well as the Practitioner, I will recom-
mend it to the classes of Rush Medical College."-
De Leskie Miller, M.D., Chicago.
"On the whole, we must confess we are pleased with
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dation which it does not appear to need, as it has
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nal of Medical Science.
DAY ON HEADACHES.
"Dr. Day brings to his task a large experience, and
evidences a very thorough knowledge of the literature,
native and foreign, pertaining to this special branch of
medicine. The book has been written with great care,
and the author is a good writer. The publisher's part
of the task has also been excellently performed."
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.
Fourth Edition.
The Nature, Causes, and Treatment of Headaches.
trated. By WM. HENRY DAY, M.D.
Octavo.
Fourth Edition. Illus-
Cloth, $1.25
Paper Covers, 75 cents;
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS.-Headache from Cerebral Anaemia, Cerebral Hyperæmia, Sympathetic, Congestive,
Dyspeptic or Bilious Headaches, Headache from Plethora, from Exhaustion, from Change in Cerebral Tissue,
from Affections of the Periosteum, Nervous and Nervo-Hyperæmic Headache, Toxæmic, Rheumatic, Arthritic
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"Well worth reading. The remarks on treatment are very sensible.”—Boston Medical and Surg. Journal.
DALBY, ON THE EAR.
The Diseases and Injuries of the Ear. By W. B. DALBY, M.D., Surgeon and
Lecturer on Aural Surgery, St. George's Hospital. With Illustrations. 12mo.
Price $1.50
'A safe and readable introduction to aural surgery.'
Medical Press and Circular.
"
"Dr. Dalby has presented us with a very readable
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the saving of ears."-N. Y. Medical Journal.
"The lectures occupy 226 pages, are clearly and
consisely written, contain a number of good illustrations,
and are well worth the careful study of both student
and practitioner. To aurists the work will be most
welcome and valuable."-Specialist.
DILLINGBERGER, WOMEN AND
EASES.
CHILDREN'S
DIS-
A Hand-Book of the Treatment of the Diseases Peculiar to Women and Chil-
dren. By Dr. EMIL DILLINGBERGER.
12mo.
Price $1.50
“It is a magnum in parvo. The style is simple, clear, lucid, and free from theoretical discussion. No one will
regret the small outlay for this volume.-Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal.
DUNCAN ON STERILITY.
Sterility in Women; being the Gulstonian Lectures delivered in the Royal
College of Physicians, February, 1883. By J. MATHEWS DUNCAN, M.D., LL.D.,
Obstetric Physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, etc. Octavo. Cloth, $2.00
DURKEE, VENEREAL DISEASES. Sixth Edition.
Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. By Silas Durkee, M.D. Sixth Edition. Revised
and Enlarged, with Portrait and Eight Colored Illustrations. 8vo. Price $3.50
"We may, finally, recommend Dr. Durkee's book as eminently practical, well written, full of excellent counsel,
and worthy of being cons.lted by every member of the profession. A late number of the London Medical Times
and Gazette also speaks of the book in terms of the highest approval.”—Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.
14
P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO.'S
:
DAGUENET, OPHTHALMOSCOPY.
12mo.
A Manual of Ophthalmoscopy, for the Use of Students. By Dr. DAGUENET.
Translated from the French, by Dr. C. S. JEAFFREson, f.r.c.s.e. Illustrated.
Price $1.50
"Its portable size, the condensed nature of its text, and the admirably systematic arrangement of its contents,
render it extremely useful as a pocket manual for Students.-Translator's Preface.
DOBELL, WINTER COUGH AND CATARRH.
By
On Winter Cough, Catarrh, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma, etc.
Horace DobeLL, M.D., Lecturer at the Royal Hospital for Diseases of the
Chest, Third Edition. With Colored Plates. 8vo.
Price $3.50
BY SAME AUTHOR.
ON LOSS OF WEIGHT. Revised Edition.
Blood Spitting and Lung Disease. Colored Frontispiece of Lung. Tabular
Map, etc. Second Edition Enlarged. 8vo.
Price $4.00
DOMVILLE, ON NURSING.
A Manual for Hospital Nurses and others engaged in attending to the sick.
4th Edition. With Recipes for Sick Room Cookery, etc.
Price .75
DRUITT'S MODERN SURGERY. Eleventh Edition.
The Surgeon's Vade Mecum; a Manual of Modern Surgery. By Robert
Druitt, F.R.c.s. Eleventh Enlarged Edition, with 369 Illustrations. 864 pp.
1878.
Price $5.00
This is a most complete, accurate, and trustworthy Hand, or Text-Book of Sur-
gery. Unrivaled as a book for the Student. Fully illustrated, and brought up to
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DULLES, ACCIDENTS.
What to Do First, In Accidents and Poisoning. By C. W. DULLES, M.D.
Second Edition, Enlarged, with new Illustrations.
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delphia Ledger.
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EDWARDS, BRIGHT'S DISEASE. New Edition.
How a Person Affected with Bright's Disease Ought to Live. By Jos. F. ED-
WARDS, M.D. Second Edition. 12m0.
Price .75
Physicians, as well as laymen, will find the work interesting, and will obtain many valuable hints as to the
proper hygiene to be observed in this disease.”—Cincinnati Medical News.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
CONSTIPATION. New Edition.
Plainly Treated and Relieved Without the Use of Drugs. Second Edition.
12mo.
MALARIA.
Price .75
Malaria: What It Means; How to Escape It; Its Symptoms; When and
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ments Advanced against it, with Hints on the Management and Care of Small-
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These are invaluable little treatises upon subjects that enter painfully into the
life experiences of a large majority of the human family. Dr. Edwards shows not
only how they may be avoided, but in plain and simple language he tells those
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ELLIS, DISEASES OF CHILDREN.
A Practical Manual of the Diseases of Children, with a Formulary. By ED-
WARD ELLIS, M.D. Late Physician to the Victoria Hospital for Children,
London. Fourth Edition Enlarged. Now Ready.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
WHAT EVERY MOTHER SHOULD KNOW.
12mo.
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Price .75
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FLÜCKIGER, THE CINCHONA BARKS.
The Cinchona Barks Pharmacognostically Considered. By Professor FRIED-
RICH FLÜCKIGER, of Strasburg. Translated by FREDERICK B. POWER, PH.D.,
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fessor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin. With 8
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FENNER, ON VISION, Second Edition, Enlarøed.
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Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 8vo.
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FENWICK, THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Outlines of the Practice of Medicine. With Appropriate Formulæ and Illus-
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"It is an eminently practical little treatise, pervaded with much common sense, and will doubtless be found
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ON THE STOMACH.
Atrophy of the Stomach and Its Effect on the Nervous Affections of the Digest-
ive Organs. 8vo.
Price $3.20
FOTHERGILL, ON THE HEART. Second Edition.
The Heart and Its Diseases. With Their Treatment. Including the Gouty
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FULTON, ON PHYSIOLOGY.
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FLOWER, DIAGRAMS OF THE NERVES.
Diagrams of the Nerves of the Human Body. Exhibiting their Origin,
Divisions, and Connections, with their Distribution to the various Regions of the
Cutaneous Surface, and to all the Muscles. By WILLIAM H. FLOWER, F.R.C.S.,
F.R.S., Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy, and Conservator of the
Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. Third Edition, thoroughly revised.
With six Large Folio Maps, or Diagrams. Royal Quarto.
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Admirably arranged, and will be of incalculable aid to the student of anatomy. Each of the large and
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FLAGG, PLASTIC FILLING.
Plastics and Plastic Filling; As Pertaining to the Filling of all Cavities of De-
cay in Teeth below Medium in Structure, and to Difficult and Inaccessible
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FOX, WATER, AIR AND FOOD.
Sanitary Examinations of Water, Air and Food. By CORNELIUS B. Fox,
M.D. 94 Engravings. 8vo.
Price $4.00
FOSTER, CLINICAL MEDICINE.
Lectures and Essays on Clinical Medicine. By BALTHAZAR FOSTER, M.D.
Illustrated.
8vo.
"No one can peruse the thoughtful comments of our
author upon every subject he considers, without feeling
himself a wiser man for his pains."-N. Y. Medical
Journal.
CC
Price $3.00
It is the record of honest work, such as Dr. Foster
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may be read with profit and advantage by both prac-
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it
FOX, ATLAS OF SKIN DISEASES.
Complete in Eighteen Parts, each containing Four Chromo-Lithographic Plates,
with Descriptive Text and Notes upon Treatment. In all 72 large colored Plates.
By TILBURY FOX, M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician to the Department for Skin Diseases
in University College Hospital. Folio Size.
Price $1.00 each, or complete, bound in cloth, $20.00
No Atlas of Skin Diseases has been issued in this country for many years, and no
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pletely remodeled, so as to represent fully the Dermatology of the present day.
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The letter-press is entirely new. In the accuracy of the latter the subscriber may have the fullest confi-
dence, since it is from the pen of Dr. Tilbury Fox."-British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review.
FRANKLAND, WATER ANALYSIS.
Illustrated. 12mo.
Water Analysis, For Sanitary Purposes, with Hints for the Interpretation of
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and Surgical Reporter.
GRANVILLE. NERVE VIBRATION AND EXCITATION.
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8vc.
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GALLABIN. DISEASES OF WOMEN.
The Student's Guide to the Diseases of Women. By A. LEWIS GALLABIN,
M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. Illustrated with 63 Engravings. 12mo.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
A MANUAL OF MIDWIFERY.
Price $1.25
In 'Press.
For Students and Practitioners. Illustrated.
**Prof. Gallabin is Obstetric Physician to Guy's Hospital, London, and occupies
the chair of Midwifery in that Institution. His work in this department has been
noted for its perfection and practical character.
GAMGEE. WOUNDS AND FRACTURES.
The Treatment of Wounds and Fractures. Clinical Lectures by SAMPSON
GAMGEE, F.R.S.E., Consulting Surgeon to Queen's Hospital, Birmingham. 34
Engravings. Second Edition.
Price $3.50
GARDNER.
Octavo.
BREWING, DISTILLING, ETC.
The Brewer, Distiller and Wine Manufacturer; a handbook for all interested
in the Manufacture and Trade of Alcohol and Its Compounds. Edited by JOHN
GARDNER, Fellow of the Chemical Society of London, Editor of " Cooley's
Cyclopædia," etc. Illustrated.
Price $1.75
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
THE DYER AND BLEACHER,
The Dyer and Bleacher; being the second volume of the Technological Hand-
books. Octavo.
GIBBES. STUDENT'S PATHOLOGY.
Price $1.75
Practical Histology and Pathology. By HENEAGE GIBBES, M.B. 12mo.
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GILL. ON INDIGESTION. Third Edition.
12mo.
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Indigestion: What It Is; What It Leads To; and a New Method of Treating
it. By JOHN BEADNELL GILL, M.D. Third Edition.
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GILLIAM'S PATHOLOGY. Illustrated.
The Essentials of Pathology; a Handbook for Students. By D. TOD GILLIAM,
M.D., Professor of Physiology, formerly Professor of Pathology, Starling Medical
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GLISAN. TEXT-BOOK OF MODERN MIDWIFERY.
A Text-Book of Modern Midwifery. By RODNEY GLISAN, M.D., Emeritus
Professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, in the Medical
Department of Willamette University, Portland, Oregon, and Late President
of the Oregon State Medical Society. With 129 Illustrations. One Volume.
Octavo. 624 pp.
Price, in Cloth, $4.00; in Leather, $5.00
GOODHART. THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN.
The Student's Guide to the Diseases of Children. By J. F. GOODHART, M.D.,
F.R.C.P., Physician to Evelina Hospital for Children, Demonstrator of Morbid
Anatomy at Guy's Hospital.
In Press.
GORGAS. DENTAL MEDICINE.
A Manual of Dental Medicine, Materia Medica and Therapeutics. By
FERDINAND J. S. GORGAS, M.D., D.D.S., Professor of the Principles of Dental
Science, Dental Surgery and Dental Mechanism, in the Dental Department of
the University of Maryland. Octavo.
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GROSS. BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN HUNTER.
John Hunter and His Pupils. By S. D. GROSS, M.D., Professor of Surgery in
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. With a beautifully executed full length
Portrait of the Author in his Study. A Handsome Octavo volume. Bound in
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Paper, .75; Cloth, $1.25
B
18
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GODLEE'S ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY.
Illustrating most of the Ordinary Dissections and many not usually practiced
by the Student. Accompanied by References and an Explanatory Text. Com-
plete. Folio Size. 48 Colored Plates. By RICKMAN JOHN GODLEE, M.D.,
F.R.C.S. Forming a large Folio Volume, with References, and an Octavo
Volume of Letter-press.
Price of the two Volumes, Atlas and Letter-press, Cloth, $20.00
"It is likely to prove as useful to the physician and
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GOWERS, SPINAL CORD.
"
"The explanatory text is concise, well written, and
contains many valuable suggestions for the surgeon."
-London Lancet.
Diagnosis of Diseases of the Spinal Cord. With Colored Plates and Engrav-
ings. A Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. By WILLIAM R. GOWERS,
M.D., Assistant Professor Clinical Medicine, University College, London. 8vo.
Third Edition.
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OPHTHALMOSCOPY.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
A Manual and Atlas of Medical Ophthalmoscopy. With 16 Colored Auto
type and Lithographic Plates and 26 Wood Cuts, comprising 112 Original Illus-
trations of the Changes in the Eye in Diseases of the Brain, Kidneys, etc. 8vo.
Price $6.00
EPILEPSY AND ITS TREATMENT.
Octavo.
Epilepsy and other Chronic Convulsive Diseases: Their Causes, Symptoms,
and Treatment.
Price, Cloth, $4.00
NERVOUS DISEASES.
A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System, for Practitioners and Students.
In Press.
"Dr. Gowers, while profoundly conversant with the literature of his subject, has not allowed himself to be
influenced to an undue extent by the writings of others, but while fairly stating their views, where this is neces-
sary, he at the same time brings to bear upon them the experience derived from his own extensive observations,
when, consequently, they receive confirmation or not at his hands, they are all the more valuable as being the
outcome of the most searching and unbiased criticism. It would be impossible, within the limits of a short re-
view, to convey an adequate idea of the extent of Dr. Gowers' work."-Edinburgh Medical Journal.
GREENHOW, BRONCHITIS.
On Chronic Bronchitis, especially as connected with Gout, Emphysema, and
Diseases of the Heart. By E. HEADLAM GREENHOW, M.D. 12mo.
Price $1.50
ADDISON'S DISEASE.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
Being the Croonian Lectures, delivered before the Royal College of Physi-
cians, London. Revised and Illustrated by Plates and Reports of Cases. 8vo.
Price $3.00
"The book forms a most interesting and valuable monograph, comprehensive and exhaustive.”—British
Medical Fournal.
HUGHES, COMPEND OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
A Compend of Practice. By DANIEL E. Hughes, m.D., Demonstrator of
Clinical Medicine at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. In two parts-
PART I.—Continued, Eruptive, and Periodical Fevers, Diseases of the Stom-
ach Intestines, Peritoneum, Biliary Passages, Liver, Kidneys, etc., and General
Diseases, etc.
PART II.-Diseases of the Respiratory System, Circulatory System, and
Nervous System; Diseases of the Blood, etc.
Price of each Part, in Cloth, $1.00; interleaved for the addition of Notes, $1.25
**These little books can be regarded as a full set of notes upon the Practice
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new prescriptions. They have been compiled from the lectures of prominent
Professors, and reference has been made to the latest writings of Professors
FLINT, DA COSTA, REYNOLDS, BARTHOLOW, ROBERTS and others.
PUBLICATIONS.
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HABERSHON, ON THE STOMACH.
On Diseases of the Stomach-The Varieties of Dyspepsia-Their Diagnosis
and Treatment. By S. O. HABERSHON, M.D., F.R.C.P., Senior Physician to, and
Late Lecturer on, the Principles and Practice of Medicine at Guy's Hospital.
Third Edition, Revised. Crown 8vo.
"As an expression of the results of long personal experience in both hospital and private practice, conveyed
in agreeable though not always perspicuous diction, this contribution of Dr. Habershon's has special value of its
own, and is so far entitled to the favorable consideration of the practitioner, as is already testified by a demand
for a third edition."-American Journal of Medical Sciences.
HALE, ON CHILDREN.
The Management of Children in Health and Disease. A Book for Mothers.
By MRS. AMIE M. HALE, M.D. Abounding in valuable information and com-
mon sense advice. New Enlarged Edition.
Price .75
"We shall use our influence in the introduction of this work to families under our care, and we urge the pro-
fession generally to follow our example."-Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.
12mo.
HORWITZ, COMPEND OF SURGERY.
A Compend of Surgery, including Minor Surgery, Amputations, Fractures,
Ligatures, Dislocations, Surgical Diseases, etc., with Differential Diagnosis and
Treatment. By ORVILLE HORWITZ, B.S., M.D., with Illustrations. 12mo.
HARDWICKE, MEDICAL EDUCATION.
Cloth, $1.00
Medical Education and Practice in All Parts of the World. Containing
Regulations for Graduation at the Various Universities throughout the World.
By HERBERT JUNIUS HARDWICKE, M.D., M.R.C.P. 8vo.
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amount of labor and perseverance on the part of its author."—Dublin Medical Journal.
HARLEY, ON THE LIVER.
Illustrated.
On Diseases of the Liver, with or without Jaundice. Diagnosis and Treat-
ment. By GEORGE HARLEY, M.D. Author of the Urine and Its Derangements.
With Colored Plates and Numerous Illustrations. Royal Octavo.
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"The work is far in advance, in original and prac-
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which we are acquainted, and is worth many times its
cost to any physician treating hepatic troubles."-
Chicago Medical Times.
Price, Cloth, $5.00; Leather, $6.00.
The whole subject-matter is treated in a masterly
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Ky.
"It is the outcome of a mind that went to its task
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We must con-
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ourselves."-New Orleans Medical and Surgical
Journal.
HOLDEN, HUMAN OSTEOLOGY.
Sixth Edition.
Comprising a Description of the Bones, with Colored Delineations of the At-
tachments of the Muscles. The General and Microscopical Structure of Bone
and its Development. By the Author and A. DORAN, F.R.C.S., with Lithographic
Plates, etc. By LUTHER HOLDEN, F.R.C.S. Numerous Illustrations. Sixth
Edition, carefully Revised.
ANATOMY.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
Price $6.00
Manual of Dissections of the Human Body. Fifth London Edition. With
200 Illustrations.
LANDMARKS.
Landmarks, Medical and Surgical. Third London Edition.
Enlarged.
In Press.
Revised and
Price $1.00
"Mr. Holden is the happy possessor of the faculty of writing interesting works on Anatomy. A part of the
charm consists in the frequent references to practical points, and in the explanation of the advantages a' objects
of details of structures."-Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.
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HEATH'S OPERATIVE SURGERY.
A Course of Operative Surgery, consisting of a Series of Plates, each plate
containing Numerous Figures, Drawn from Nature by the Celebrated Anatomi-
cal Artist, M. Léveillé, of Paris, Engraved on Steel and Colored by Hand,
under his immediate superintendence, with Descriptive Text of Each Operation.
BY CHRISTOPHER HEATH, F.R.C.S., Surgeon to University College Hospital, and
Holme Professor of Clinical Surgery in University College, London. One Large
Quarto Volume.
Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Subscription.
The author has embodied in this work the experience gained by him during
twenty years of surgical teaching. It comprises all the operations that are required
in ordinary surgical practice. He has selected for illustration and description those
methods which appear to give the best results in practice, referring to the errors
likely to occur and the best methods of avoiding them.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
THE STUDENT'S GUIDE TO SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS.
12mo.
Price $1.25
"Mr. Heath is so well known, both as a practical surgeon, teacher and writer, that anything from his pen re-
quires no introduction from the hands of reviewers, and scarcely any notice but the announcement of the fact that
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C
A MANUAL OF MINOR SURGERY AND BANDAGING.
Sixth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. With 115 Illustrations. 12mo.
Price $2.00
"This excellent work should not be termed a Minor' Surgery, but it really consists of the sum and substance
of Practical surgery. We would not exchange it for any book in our possession."-Southern Clinic.
HEATH'S PRACTICAL ANATOMY. Fifth London Edition.
Practical Anatomy. A Manual of Dissections. Fifth London Edition. 24
Colored Plates, and nearly 300 other Illustrations.
Price $5.00
INJURIES AND DISEASES OF THE JAWS.
The Jacksonian Prize Essay of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,
1867. Third Edition. Revised, with over 150 Illustrations. Octavo.
HOOD, ON GOUT AND RHEUMATISM.
A Treatise on Gout, Rheumatism, and the Allied Affections. Their Treat-
ment, Complications, and Prevention. By PETER HOOD, M.D. Second Edi-
tion. Revised and Enlarged. With some Considerations on Longevity. Octavo.
Price $3.50
"The Observations on Treatment are specially to be commended."-London Lancet.
HOLDEN, THE SPHYGMOGRAPH.
The Sphygmograph. Its Physiological and Pathological Indications. By
EDGAR HOLDEN, M.D. Illustrated by Three Hundred Engravings on Wood.
Price $2.00
8vo.
HOLMES, THE LARYNGOSCOPE.
A Guide to the Use of the Laryngoscope in General Practice. By GORDON
12mo. Price $1.00
HOLMES, M.D., Physician to the Throat and Ear Infirmary.
VOCAL PHYSIOLOGY.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
Vocal Physiology and Hygiene. With reference to the Cultivation and
Preservation of the Voice. Illustrated. 12mo.
HOFF, ON HEMATURIA.
Hæmaturia as a Symptom of the Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs. By
O. HOFF, M.D. Illustrated. 12mo.
Price .75
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HUNTER, MECHANICAL DENTISTRY.
A Practical Treatise on the Construction of the Various kinds of Artificial
Dentures, with Formulæ, Receipts, etc. By CHARLES HUNTER, D.D.S. 100
Illustrations.
Price $1.50
12m0.
"It is the outcome of his own experience of some twenty years as a Mechanical Dentist, and contains, moreover,
much derived from practical knowledge of other dentists. The value of the book is also much added to by illus-
trations. It will be very useful to the Dental Student, and to all Mechanical Dentists.”—London Medical Times
and Gazette.
HUTCHINSON'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF CLINICAL SUR-
GERY. First Volume Complete.
Consisting of Plates, Photographs, Woodcuts, Diagrams, etc. Illustrating
Surgical Diseases, Symptoms, and Accidents; also Operations and other
Methods of Treatment. With Descriptive Letter-press. By JONATHAN HUTCH-
INSON, F.r.c.s., Senior Surgeon to the London Hospital, Surgeon to the Moor-
fields Ophthalmic Hospital, and to the Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Black-
friars. In Quarterly Fasciculi. Imperial 4to. Volume 1. (Ten Fasciculi) bound
complete in itself. Price $25.00. Parts Eleven to Sixteen of Volume 2, Now
Ready.
Each, $2.50
HEWITT, DISEASES OF WOMEN. Fourth Edition.
(6
The Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of Diseases of Women, Including
the Diagnosis of Pregnancy. Founded on a Course of Lectures Delivered at St.
Mary's Hospital Medical School. By GRAILY HEWITT, M.D., Lond., M.R.C.P.,
Physician to the British Lying-in Hospital; Lecturer on Midwifery and Diseases
of Women and Children at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School; Honorary
Secretary to the Obstetrical Society of London, etc. The Fourth American
Edition. Revised and Enlarged, with New Illustrations. Octavo.
Readers of the former editions will not require to
be told that the additions now made are of the highest
possible excellence."-Times and Gazette.
"It
It is one of the most useful, practical, and compre-
hensive works upon the subject in the English language,
a true guide to the student, and an invaluable means of
reference for the teacher.”—N. Y. Medical Record.
Price, Paper, $1.50; Cloth, $2.50
"The excellent work of Dr. Hewitt presents-in a
form well adapted to conduct the student to a knowledge
of the Diseases of Women, and to assist the young
practitioner in his study of these diseases at the bedside
of the patient-a very full and clear exposition of the
views entertained by the most authoritative teachers as
to their pathological treatment and their correct Diag-
nosis."-Amer. Med. Journal.
HAY, SARCOMATOUS TUMOR.
History of a Case of Recurring Sarcomatous Tumor of the Orbit in a Child.
BY THOMAS HAY, M.D. Illustrated. Paper.
HEWSON, EARTH IN SURGERY.
Price .50
Earth as a Topical Application in Surgery, Being a Full Exposition of its Use
in Cases Requiring Topical Applications. By ADDINELL HEWSON, M.D. Illus-
trated. 8vo.
HODGE, ON ABORTION.
HODGE, CASE-BOOK.
Price $2.50
On Fœticide or Criminal Abortion. By HUGH L. HODge, m.d.
Price, Paper, .30; Cloth,.50
Note-Book for Cases of Ovarian Tumors. By H. LENNOX HODGE, M.D. With
Diagrams.
Price, Paper, .50
HIGGINS, DISEASES OF THE EYE. Now Ready.
A Hand-Book of Ophthalmic Practice. By CHARLES HIGGINS, F.R.C.S.
Ophthalmic Assistant Surgeon at Guy's Hospital. Second Edition. 16mo.
Price .50
CONTENTS.-SECTION 1. Discharge from the Eyes. 11. Intolerance of Light. 11. Iritis and Glaucoma. rv.
Diseases of the Eyelids. v. Watering of the Eye. vi. Acuteness of Vision, Field of Vision, Anomalies of Re-
fraction, Astigmatism, Accommodation, Presbyopia. VII. Disturbance of Vision, Use of the Ophthalmoscope.
Normal and Morbid Appearances. vIII. Injuries.
We have rarely seen so much important information condensed in so short a space."-American Medicai
Journal.
22
P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO.'S
HARRIS, THE PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY.
Tenth Edition.
The Principles and Practice of Dentistry. Tenth Revised Edition. In great
part Rewritten, Rearranged, and with many new and important Illustrations.
By CHAPIN A. HARRIS, M.D., D.D.S. Edited by P. H. AUSTEN, M.D., Professor
of Dental Science and Mechanism in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery.
With nearly 400 Illustrations. Royal Octavo. Price, Cloth, $6.50; Leather, $7.50
This new edition of Dr. Harris' work has been thoroughly revised in all its parts,
more so than any previous edition. So great have been the advances in many
branches of dentistry that it was found necessary to rewrite the articles or subjects,
and this has been done in the most efficient manner by Professor Austen, for many
years an associate and friend of Dr. Harris, assisted by Professor Gorgas and Thomas
S. Latimer, M.D. The publishers feel assured that it will now be found the most
complete text-book for the student, and guide for the practitioner in the English
language.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
MEDICAL AND DENTAL DICTIONARY.
Fourth Edition.
A Dictionary of Medical Terminology, Dental Surgery, and the_Collateral
Sciences. Fourth Edition, Carefully Revised and Enlarged. By FERDINAND
J. S. GORGAS, M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College,
etc. Royal Octavo.
Price, Cloth, $6.50; Leather, $7.50
This Dictionary, having passed through three editions, and been for some time
out of print, has been again carefully revised by F. J. S. Gorgas, M.D., Dr. Harris'
successor as Professor of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery.
In his preface to this new edition, the editor says :—
"The object of the reviser has been to bring the book thoroughly up to the pres-
ent requirements of the profession, the Medical portion having been as carefully re-
vised and added to as that devoted more especially to Dental Science, while a
number of obsolete terms and methods have been omitted. In nearly every one of
the seven hundred and forty-three pages of the former edition corrections and addi-
tions have been made, and many new processes, terms and appliances described,
some of which are not found in any other work published."
HANDY, ANATOMY.
Text-Book of Anatomy and Guide to Dissections. For the Use of Students.
By W. R. HANDY, M.D. 312 Illustrations.
Price $3.00
HILLIER, DISEASES OF CHILDREN.
A Clinical Treatise on the Diseases of Children. By THOMAS HILLIER, M.D.
8vo.
Price $2.00
HUFELAND, LONG LIFE.
12mo.
The Art of Prolonging Life. By C. W. HUFELAND. Edited by ERASMUS
WILSON, M.D.
Price $1.00
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HUNTER, PORTRAIT OF.
Portrait of John Hunter. From Sharp's well-known Engraving; a copy of
Sir Joshua Reynold's Portrait. For Framing. Large size, 9 x 11; sheet 16 x 20.
Price, in the Sheet, sent free by mail, 50 cents; or, Handsomely Framed,
Price $2.00
PUBLICATIONS.
23
HEADLAND, THE ACTION OF MEDICINES.
Ninth Edition.
On the Action of Medicines in the System. By F. W. HEADLAND, M.D.
Ninth American Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 8vo.
Price $3.00
"It displays in every page the evidence of extensive knowledge and of sound reasoning; it will be useful alike
to those who are just commencing their studies, and to those who are engaged in the active pursuits of pro-
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confirmed by the general voice of the profession, and Dr. Headland may now be congratulated on having pro-
duced a treatise which has been weighed in the balance, and found worthy of being ranked with our standard
medical works.”—London Lancet.
JAMES, SORE THROAT.
On Sore Throat, Its Nature, Varieties and Treatment, Including its Con-
nection with other Diseases. By PROSSER JAMES, M.R.C.P. Fourth Edition,
Revised and Enlarged. With Colored Plates and Numerous Wood-cuts. 12mo.
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"The practitioner who buys Dr. James' unpretending little book will provide himself with a wise and practical
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JONES, AURAL ATLAS.
An Atlas of Diseases of the Membrana Tympani. Being a Series of Colored
Plates, containing 62 Figures. With appropriate Letter-press and Explanatory
Text. By H. MACNAUGHTON JONES, M.D., Surgeon to the Cork Ophthalmic and
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Price $4.00.
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AURAL SURGERY.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
A Practical Hand-book on Aural Surgery. Illustrated. Second Edition, Re-
vised and Enlarged, with new Wood Engravings. 12mo. Cloth. Price $2.75
JONES, SIEVEKING AND PAYNE, PATHOLOGICAL AN-
ATOMY.
A Manual of Pathological Anatomy. By C. HANDFIELD JONES, M.D., and
EDWARD H. SIEVEKING, M.D., Physician to St. Mary's Hospital. A New En-
larged Edition. Edited by J. F. PAYNE, M.D., Lecturer on Morbid Anatomy at
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JONES, ON SIGHT AND HEARING.
The Defects of Sight and Hearing, their Nature, Causes, and Prevention. By
T. WHARTON JONES, M.D. Second Edition.
Price .50.
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KIRBY, ON PHOSPHORUS. Fifth Edition.
Phosphorus as a Remedy for Functional Diseases of the Nervous System.
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BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
SELECTED REMEDIES.
A Pharmacopoeia of Selected Remedies, with Therapeutic Annotations, Notes
on Alimentation in Disease, Air, Massage, Electricity, and other Supplementary
Remedial Agents, and a Clinical Index; arranged as a Handbook for Prescribers.
By EDMUND A. KIRBY, M.D., M.R.C.S., late Physician to the London City Dis-
pensary. Sixth Edition, Enlarged and Revised. 4to.
Price $2.25
KOLLMEYER, KEY TO CHEMISTRY.
Chemia Coartata, or Key to Modern Chemistry. By A. H. Kollmeyer, M.D.
With Numerous Tables, Tests, etc.
Price $2.25
KIRKE, PHYSIOLOGY. Revised and Enlarged.
A Hand book of Physiology. By KIRKE. Eleventh London Edition. By
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24
P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO.'S
KANE, THE OPIUM, MORPHINE AND SIMILAR HABITS.
Drugs that Enslave. The Opium, Morphine, Chloral, Hashisch and Similar
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KIDD, THERAPEUTICS.
•
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KIDD, M.D. 12mo. Cloth.
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cases are the most valuable part of the book.”—London Practitioner.
LANDIS, A COMPEND OF OBSTETRICS.
Illustrated.
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"
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York.
LEGG, ON THE URINE.
"It is complete, accurate and scientific; the very
best book of its kind."-Prof. 7. S. Knox, Rush
Medical College, Chicago.
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years, and am free to say that this will be the best
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sive, but brief and pointed."-Prof. P. D. Yost, St.
Louis.
Practical Guide to the Examination of the Urine, for Practitioner and Student.
By J. WICKHam Legg, m.D. Fifth Edition, Enlarged. Illustrated.
12mo.
Price .75
This little work is intended to supply the Physician or Student with a concise guide
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LEARED, IMPERFECT DIGESTION.
The Causes and Treatment of Imperfect Digestion. By ARTHUR LEARED, M.D.
The 7th Edition. Revised and Enlarged. 12mo.
Price $2.00
LIEBREICH, ATLAS OF OPHTHALMOSCOPY.
An Atlas of Ophthalmoscopy, containing 12 Full-page Chromo-Lithographic
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Large Quarto.
LIVEING, ON SICK HEADACHE.
Megrim, or Sick Headache and Some Allied Disorders. By EDWARD LIVE-
ING, M.D. With Plates, Tables, etc. 8vo.
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LEBER AND ROTTENSTEIN, DENTAL CARIES.
Dental Caries and Its Causes. An Investigation into the Influence of Fungi
in the Destruction of the Teeth. By Drs. LEBER and ROTTENSTEIN. Illustrated.
8vo.
Paper Cover 75 cents; Cloth, $1.25
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PUBLICATIONS.
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LEWIN, ON SYPHILIS.
as
The Treatment of Syphilis. By Dr. GEORGE LEWIN, of Berlin. Translated
by CARL PROEGLER, M.D., and E. H. GALE, M.D., Surgeons U. S. Army. Illus-
trated.
Price $1.25
12mo.
"When such authorities as Dr. Drysdale (as we quoted a few weeks ago) condemn the use of mercury in syphilis
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without that drug, general practitioners will gladly welcome any media via which gives us all the good effects of
mercurials without any danger of their ill results appearing. This is what is accomplished by Dr. Lewin."-
Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter.
LIZARS, ON TOBACCO.
The Use and Abuse of Tobacco. By JOHN LIZARS, M.D. 12mo.
LONGLEY, POCKET MEDICAL LEXICON.
Price .50
Students' Pocket Medical Dictionary, Giving the Correct Definition and Pro-
nunciation of all Words and Terms in General Use in Medicine and the Collate-
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viations Used in Prescriptions, and a Metric Scale of Doses. By ELIAS LONGLEY.
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24mo.
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perience in the preparation of similar works, assisted by the Professors of Chemistry
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LEFFMANN. ORGANIC AND MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
A Compend of Organic Chemistry, including Medical Chemistry, Urine Ana-
lysis and the Analysis of Water and Food. By HENRY LEFFMANN, M.D.,
Professor of Clinical Chemistry and Hygiene at the Philadelphia Polyclinic and
College for Graduates in Medicine.
12mo.
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THE POLYCLINIC.
A Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery, conducted by the Faculty of
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copies free.
Terms, per Annum, $1.co
EXAMINATION
MACDONALD,
MICROSCOPICAL
WATER AND AIR.
OF
A Guide to the Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water, with an Appen-
dix on the Microscopical Examination of Air. By J. D. MACDONALD, M.D.
With Twenty-five Full-page Lithographic Plates, Reference Tables, etc. Second
Edition, Revised.
Price $2.75
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MAYS, THE THERAPEUTIC FORCES;
Or, The Action of Medicine in the Light of the Doctrine of Conservation of
Force. By THOMAS J. MAYS, M.D. 12mo.
Price $1.25
26
P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO.'S
MACKENZIE, ON THE THROAT AND NOSE. Ready.
Including the Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Esophagus, Nasal Cavities, and
Neck. By MORELL MACKENZIE, M.D., London, Senior Physician to the Hos-
pital for Discases of the Chest and Throat, Lecturer on Diseases of the Throat
at London Hospital Medical College, etc., etc.
VOL. I. Including the Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, etc. 112 Illustrations.
Price, Cloth, $4.00; Leather, $5.00
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ject. We can predict for this work a high position, and congratulate its distinguished author upon its appear.
ance."-Philadelphia Medical Times.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
THE PHARMACOPIA of the Hospital for Diseases of the
Throat and Nose.
The Fourth Edition, much enlarged, containing 250 Formulæ, with Directions
for their Preparation and Use.
Price $1.25
16mo.
GROWTHS IN THE LARYNX.
Their History, Causes, Symptoms, etc. With Reports and Analysis of one
Hundred Cases. With Colored and Other Illustrations. 8vo.
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HAY FEVER: ITS ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT.
A Lecture delivered at the London Hospital Medical College Octavo.
Price, Paper covers, .50
MACNAMARA, DISEASES OF THE EYE.
A Manual of the Diseases of the Eye. By C. MACNAMARA, M.D. Fourth
Edition, Carefully Revised; with Additions and Numerous Colored Plates, Dia-
grams of Eye, Wood-cuts, and Test Types. Demi 8vo.
Price $4.00
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language."-Cincinnati Lancet and Observer.
MADDEN, HEALTH RESORTS.
Health Resorts for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. A Hand-Book, the
result of the author's own observations during several years of health travel in
many lands, containing also remarks on climatology and the use of mineral
waters. By T. M. MADDEN, M.D. 8vo.
Price $2.50
Rarely have we encountered a book containing so much information for both invalids and pleasure seekers.”
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MEDICAL DIRECTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.
A Directory of the Physicians, Pharmacists, Dentists, Nurses, Veterinary Sur-
geons, etc., of Philadelphia. Compiled from the Registrar's Records in the Court
of Common Pleas. Containing information concerning Medical Colleges, Hospi-
tals, Asylums, Charities, etc., etc. By S. B. HOPPIN, M.D. 12mo.
Price, Cloth, $1.50
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27
MARSHALL & SMITH, ON THE URINE.
The Chemical Analysis of the Urine. By JOHN MARSHALL, M.D., and EDGAR
F. SMITH, M.D., of the Chemical Laboratory, Medical Department, University of
Pennsylvania. Illustrated by Phototype Plates. 12mo.
Price $1.00
MARSHALL, ANATOMICAL PLATES;
Or Physiological Diagrams. Life Size (7 by 4 feet) and Beautifully Colored.
BY JOHN MARSHALL, F.R.S. An Entirely New Edition, Revised and Improved,
Illustrating the Whole Human Body.
Price $50.00
handsomely Mounted on Canvas, with
Rollers, and Varnished, Price $80.00
Price .50
The Set, Eleven Maps, in Sheets,
C
An Explanatory Key to the Diagrams,
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cera in Position-The Structure of the Lungs. No. 4. The Organs of Circulation. No. 5. The Lymphatics or
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MARSDEN, ON CANCER.
A New and Successful Mode of Treating Certain Forms of Cancer. By ALEX-
ANDER MARSDEN, M.D. Second Edition. Colored Plates. 8vo. Price $3.00
MARTIN, MICROSCOPIC MOUNTING.
A Manual of Microscopic Mounting. With Notes on the Collection and Ex-
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MORRIS, ON THE JOINTS.
The Anatomy of the Joints of Man. Comprising a Description of the Liga
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MUTER, MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIS-
TRY.
An Introduction to Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry. PART ONE.-
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on the principle of the Course of Lectures on Chemistry as delivered at, and the
Instruction given in the Laboratories of, the South London School of Pharmacy.
By JOHN MUTER, M.D., President of the Society of Public Analysts. A Second
Edition, Enlarged and Rearranged. The Two Parts bound in one large octavc
volume.
Price $6.00
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MAC MUNN, THE SPECTROSCOPE.
Price $2.50
With 3
The Spectroscope in Medicine. By CHAS. A. MAC MUNN, M.D.
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MERRELL'S DIGEST OF MATERIA MEDICA.
A Digest of Materia Medica and Pharmacy; forming a complete Pharmaco-
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Price, Half dark Calf, $4.00
RELL, M.D.
Octavo.
28
P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO.'S
MANN, PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE.
A Manual of Psychological Medicine and Allied Nervous Diseases. Their
Diagnosis, Pathology, Prognosis and Treatment, including their Medico-Legal
Aspects; with chapter on Expert Testimony, and an abstract of the laws relating
to the Insane in all the States of the Union, By EDWARD C. MANN, M.D., of
New York. With Illustrations of Typical Faces of the Insane, Handwriting of
the Insane, and Micro-Photographic Sections of the Brain and Spinal Cord.
Octavo.
Cloth, $5.00; Full Leather, $6.00
FROM THE LONDON LANCET, APRIL 19TH, 1884.
"A perusal of this volume reveals the fact that an enormous amount of research has been carried out by the
author in order to present to the profession a digest of most of what is known of insanity in its medical, legal
and social aspects. The lengthy preface, which is written in admirable style, shows the thorough grasp and
liberal spirit with which the writer has prosecuted his work. At the outset an energetic protest is entered against
the pernicious system of forcing the intellect at the expense of the natural development of the nervous system.
This comes as a timely warning when the tendency is strong, both in America and this country, to educate child-
ren irrespective of their physical powers and mental receptivity. The opening chapter is devoted to a considera-
tion of the history and classification of insanity. Others follow on ætiology, diagnosis and treatment, civil in-
capacity, general paralysis, idiocy and dementia; criminal responsibility; morbid anatomy and pathology;
treatment; expert testimony; codification of the criminal common law; evolution of insanity and neuroses;
and, lastly, the psychology of crime. Of the four appendices, the first, which occupies forty pages of closely
printed matter, consists of a résumé of the legal enactments and procedure as adopted in the several States in
the Union; whilst the last is a copious index of the literature of diseases of the mind. As a matter of course,
the author condemns the practice of restraint in the treatment of lunatics. He argues strongly in favor of the
appointment of expert commissioners, who shall exercise a supervision of asylums, and determine the medical
questions in cases of alleged criminal irresponsibility. The letter-press is good, and the phototypes of the phy-
siognomy of some of the more pronounced of mental disorders well executed."
FROM THE ALIENIST AND NEUROLOGIST.
"It will in no way detract from the merits of other contemporary works to say that Dr. Mann's book will
supply a want which no other has yet filled, viz.: a manual of plain rules for guidance in the practical considera-
tion of insanity and the treatment of the various allied nervous affections.'
MEADOWS, OBSTETRICS, Revised Edition.
A Text-Book of Midwifery. Including the Signs and Symptoms of Preg-
nancy, Obstetric Operations, Diseases of the Puerperal State, etc. By ALFRED.
MEADOWS, M.D. Third American, from Fourth London Edition. Revised and
Enlarged. With 145 Illustrations. 8vo.
Price $2.00
"It is with great gratification that we are enabled
to class Dr. Meadows' Manual as a rare exception,
and to pronounce it an accurate, practical, and cred-
itable work, and to unhesitatingly recommend it to
both student and practitioner."-American Journal
of Obstetrics.
"We cannot but feel that every teacher of Obstet-
rics has good cause to congratulate himself on being
able to put in the hands of the student a book which
contains so much valuable and reliable information.'
-Philadelphia Medical Times.
"On all questions of treatment, whether by medi-
cines, by hygienic regimen, or by mechanical or oper-
ative appliances, this treatise is as satisfactory as a
work of manual size could be; students and practi-
tioners can hardly do better than adopt it as their
vade mecum."-The Practitioner.
"The systematic arrangement of subjects, and the
concise, practical style in which it is written, make
the work especially valuable as a student's manual,'
Chicago Medical Examiner.
MEARS, PRACTICAL SURGERY.
Practical Surgery. Including: Part 1.-Surgical Dressings; Part II.-Band-
aging; Part 111.-Ligations; Part 1v.-Amputations. With 227 Illustrations.
By J. EWING MEARS, M.D., Demonstrator of Surgery in Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, and Professor of Anatomy and Clinical Surgery in the Pennsylvania Col-
lege of Dental Surgery. 12m0.
Price $2.00
"Professor Mears has written a convenient and use-
ful book for students. We can most cordially endorse
it as fulfilling well the promise made in its modest
preface."-Cincinnati Lancet and Clinic.
MILLER, ON ALCOHOL.
"It contains a great deal of information upon the
subjects of which it treats, in a convenient and con-
densed form. Each division is well illustrated, thereby
rendering the text doubly clear."-New York Medical
Record.
Alcohol. Its Place and Power. By JAMES MILLER, F.R.C.S. 12mo. Price .50
MILLER & LIZARS, ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO.
Alcohol. Its Place and Power. By JAMES MILLER, F.R.C.S.; and, Tobacco,
Its Use and Abuse. By JOHN LIZARS, M.A. The two essays in one volume.
Price $1.00
12mo.
FUBLICATIONS.
29
MENDENHALL, VADE MECUM.
The Medical Student's Vade Mecum. A Compend of Anatomy, Physiology,
Chemistry, The Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, etc. By GEORGE
MENDENHALL, M.D. Eleventh Edition. 224 Illustrations. 8vo.
Price $2.00
MEIGS AND PEPPER, diseases of CHILDREN.
A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children. By J. FORSYTH MEIGS, M.D.,
Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, etc., etc., and WILLIAM
PEPPER, M.D., Physician to the Philadelphia Hospital, Provost University of
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PUBLICATIONS.
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THOMPSON, COUGHS AND COLDS.
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THE DISEASES OF INFANCY.
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MEMORANDA OF POISONS.
21
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN SURGICAL ASSO-
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•
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!
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GUIDE TO THE EXAMINATION OF URINE.
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TUKE.
SLEEP-WALKING.
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40
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VAN HARLINGEN, ON SKIN DISEASES.
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VACHER, CHEMISTRY.
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VIRCHOW, POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS. Second Edi-
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PUBLICATIONS.
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WEST, THE DISEASES of WOMEN. Fourth Edition.
Lectures on the Diseases of Women. By CHARLES West, m.d. Fourth
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BY SAME AUTHOR.
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System, Delivered at Guy's Hospital,
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Naval Hygiene, or, Human Health and Means for Preventing Disease. With
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WILSON, HOW TO LIVE.
Health and Healthy Homes. A Guide to Personal and Domestic Hygiene.
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RICHARDSON, M.D., Professor of Hygiene at the University of Pennsylvania.
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CHAPTER I. Introductory, page 17.
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A HAND-BOOK OF HYGIENE
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42
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HEALTHY SKIN. Eighth Edition.
A Practical Treatise on the Skin and Hair; their Preservation and Manage-
ment. Eighth Edition. 12mo. Paper.
Price $1.00
WILSON, SEA VOYAGES FOR HEALTH.
The Ocean as a Health Resort. A Hand-book of Practical Information as to
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Lond., M.R.C.S.E. With a Chart showing the Ocean Routes, and Illustrating the
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WELCH. ENTERIC FEVER.
Enteric Fever: Its Prevalence and Modifications; Ætiology, Pathology and
Treatment, as illustrated by army data at home and abroad. By FRANCIS H.
WELCH, F.R.C.s., Surgeon and Major A.M.D. Being the Alexander Prize Essay,
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WELLS, OVARIAN AND UTERINE TUMORS.
The Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Ovarian and Uterine Tumors. By
T. SPENCER WELLS, M.D. Illustrated. Svo.
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So long a time having elapsed since Dr. Wells has collected the results of his
large experience in book form, the present volume will be eagerly looked for by all
interested in this very important subject.
WOLFE, ON DISEASES OF THE EYE.
A Practical Treatise on Diseases and Injuries of the Eye. Being a Course of
Systematic and Clinical Lectures to Students and Medical Practitioners. By M.
Wolfe, f.r.c.p.E., Senior Surgeon to the Glasgow Ophthalmic Institution, etc.
With 10 Colored Plates, and numerous other Illustrations. Octavo.
Price $7.00
WALKER, INTERMARRIAGE.
Intermarriage, or, The Mode in which, and the Causes why, Beauty, Health
and Intellect result from certain Unions; and Deformity, Disease and Insanity
from others. Illustrated. 12m0.
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WARD'S COMPEND OF CHEMISTRY. Revised Edition.
A Compend of Chemistry for Chemical and Medical Students. By G. MASON
WARD, M.D., Demonstrator of Chemistry in Jefferson Medical College, Phila-
delphia. Containing a Table of Elements and Tables for the Detection of
Metals in Solutions of Mixed Substances, etc. 12mo. Cloth.
Interleaved for the addition of Notes, $1.25; plain, $1.0c
PUBLICATIONS.
43
WOODMAN and TIDY, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
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Physician to the London Hospital, and CHARLES MEYMOTT TIDY, F.C.S., Pro-
fessor of Chemistry and Medical Jurisprudence at the London Hospital. With
Chromo-Lithographic Plates, representing the Appearance of the Stomach in
Poisoning by Arsenic, Corrosive Sublimate, Nitric Acid, Oxalic Acid; the Spectra
of Blood and the Microscopic Appearance of Human and other Hairs; and
116 other Illustrations. Large octavo. Sold only by Subscription.
Price, Cloth, $7.50; Medical Sheep, $8.50; Law Leather, $8.50
WOAKES, ON DEAFNESS AND GIDDINESS.
(
On Deafness, Giddiness and Noises in the Head; or, The Naso-Pharyngeal
Aspect of Ear Disease. By EDWARD WOAKES, M.D, Senior Aural Surgeon to
the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat and Chest. Third Edition. Revised and
Enlarged, with Additional Illustrations.
12mo.
We prefer
No brief summary of his views could do full justice to the cogency and subtlety of his reasons.
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BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
WOAKES, ON NASAL CATARRH.
Catarrh and Diseases of the Nose, Causing Deafness. 12mo.
WYTHE, ON THE MICROSCOPE.
Illustrated.
Cloth, $1.50
The Microscopist. A Manual of Microscopy and Compendium of the Micro-
scopic Sciences, Micro-Mineralogy, Micro-Chemistry, Biology, Histology, and
Practical Medicine. By JOSEPH H. WYTHE, A.M., M.D. Fourth Edition. 252
Price, Cloth, $3.00; Leather, $4.00
Illustrations. 8vo.
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"From what we knew of the author of this work, as
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realized in the volume before us. The style is clear
and distinct, and one reads the book with the utmost
facility of comprehension. It is the more valuable to
the physician and medical student on account of its
closer application of the microscope to medical subjects
than we find elsewhere. The numerous plates, many
of which are beautifully colored, are not to be excelled.
We feel proud of it as an American production.”
Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal.
"This is one of the most valuable text-books on mi-
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numerous new illustrations, some of which are from
Rindfleisch.
"The author very carefully brings out every neces-
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sential part of every practitioner's armamentarium, a
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and we are fully warranted in reiterating the statement
that this is one of the most valuable text-books ever
offered to students and practitioners of medicine."—
The Cincinnati Lancet and Clinic.
BY SAME AUTHOR.
DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK. Eleventh Edition.
The Physician's Pocket Dose and Symptom Book. Containing the Doses and
Uses of all the Principal Articles of the Materia Medica, and Original Prepara-
tions. Eleventh Revised Edition.
Price, Cloth, $1.00; Leather, with Tucks and Pocket, $1.25
"The chapter on Dietetic Preparations will be found useful to all practicing physicians, most of whom have but
little acquaintance with the mode of preparing the various articles of diet for the sick."-Boston Medical and
Surgical Journal.
Many a hard-worked practitioner will find it a useful little work to have on his study table."-Canada Medical
and Surgical Journal.
44
P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS.
YEO.
A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY.
A Manual of Physiology; being a Text-book for Students of Medicine. By
GERALD F. YEO, M.D., F.R.C.S., Professor of Physiology in King's College, Lon-
don. With over 300 carefully printed Illustrations. A Glossary and Complete
Index. Crown Octavo.
Price, Cloth, $4.00; Leather, $5.00
"This work * * *is the legitimate successor of the similar treatise by Dr. Carpenter, which, excellent as
that was at the time it was written, has, we suppose, been found so defective as to require more time and trouble
to renovate than would be demanded to write a new work. We think the publishers have done well in selecting
Dr. Gerald Yeo for the author of their new manual. This gentleman occupies the physiological chair at King's
College, has a good reputation as a teacher, and is known as having ably assisted Dr. Ferrier in the interesting
researches made by that physician in the localization of function in the brain.
*
"The plan followed in the work is, to give, in the first place, a general view of the animal structures, then to
describe the chemical basis of the body and the vital characteristics of animal organisms, and next to consider,
in succession, and in the following order, the functions of digestion, absorption, circulation, respiration, secre-
tion, animal heat, muscle, voice and speech, the nervous system, special senses, reproduction and developement.
In dealing with his subject, Dr. Yeo has introduced in many places a brief account of the histological features of
the parts of which he is about to show the uses. # * The mode in which Dr. Yeo deals with disputed
points has, in every instance we have met, been remarkably sensible and straightforward. * * Upon the
whole, although we have taken exception to one or two points, we consider Dr. Yeo's book to be a very
good one, it is most worthy, and clearly and intelligently written. We cannot conclude our notice of this work
without referring to the excellence of the wood-cuts. These are not only very numerous and generally well
executed, but to a large extent novel."-London Lancet, May 24th, 1884.
*
ILLUSTRATED BOOKS.
MEDICINAL PLANTS.
Being Descriptions, with original Figures, of the Principal Plants employed in
Medicine, and an account of their Properties and Uses. By ROBERT BENTLEY,
F.L.S., Professor of Botany in the King's College, and to the Pharmaceutical
Society, and HENRY TRIMENS, M.B., F.L.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St.
Mary's Hospital Medical School. In 42 Parts, each, $2.00, or in 4 vols., large
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$90.00
AN ATLAS OF TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY.
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Diseases of the Liver.
BY GEORGE HARLEY, M.D., F.R.S., ETC.,
Author of "The Urine and Its Derangements," and "Diabetes, Its Various Forms and Treatment.”
On Fine Paper, from Good Type, with Colored Plates and Thirty-six Wood-cuts.
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THE AUTHOR, IN HIS PREFACE, SAYS:
THIS NEW TREATISE, which I have thought fit to entitle Diseases of the Liver, with
and without Jaundice, with special application to Diagnosis and Treatment,
embodies within it the whole substance of my original monograph on Jaundice and
Diseases of the Liver; though greater than it, both as regards its scope anu
materials, and the large amount of clinical and scientific data that has never
before been collected together into one volume; while in a great many instances.
it gives a new rendering to old clinical facts, by presenting them to the reader in
the light of modern pathological science.
As I think time is quite of as much value to the professional as it is to the mercantile man,
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been penned either for the use of the tyro or the dilettante in medicine, but for
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less, discussions of the theories of the mechanism of jaundice in hepatic derange-
ments. Taking care, however, in order that it may carry more weight with it
in the eyes of the reader, to illustrate it freely with cases reported by indepen-
dent observers, both at home and abroad. While, in order, again, that the reader
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of the pathology of jaundice have been abandoned, as well as how many new ones
have been espoused, I have put my views, in accordance with the facts and
arguments expressed throughout the body of the volume, into a concise and
diagrammatic tabular form.
I WOULD DIRECT the special attention of my readers to the chapter devoted to
treatment, as well as that at the end of the book, entitled Hints on Diagnosis.
SYNOPSIS OF THE CONTENTS.
Introduction, giving a general view of the scope of the
volutne, and the application of Physiological Chemistry
to the diagnosis and treatment of Hepatic affections.
Chemistry, Physics and Physiology of the Liver and
its secretions.
Etiology of Jaundice-different kinds-causes pro-
ducing them-treatment.
Signs and Symptoms of Liver Diseases.
General remarks on all kinds of Hepatic Remedies.
Special Hepatic Medicines; their modes of action.
and uses.
'lineral Waters, Wines and Foods; treatment of
Pyrexia, Cerebral complications, etc.
Congenital and Hereditary Liver Diseases, Bilious-
ness; Its Varieties and Treatment.
Jaundice from Enervation, all its forms explained and
their different Treatments
Different forms of Inflammation of the Liver and their
Treatments.
Jaundice caused by Disease Germs, Yellow Fevers,
Contagious and Epidemic Jaundice, different kinds and
heir Treatments.
Jaundice of Pregnancy.
Differe.. forms of Hepatic Atrophy and Ascites.
Biliary Concretions, Inspissated Bile, Gall-Stones of
every kind and form, direct and indirect effects of,
their Symptoms and Treatment, very fully gone into.
Different kinds of Colics, etc.
Catarrhal Jaundice.
Jaundice from Poisons.
Different kinds of Jaundice from Permanent Obstruc-
tions.
Physiological Chemistry of the Excretions, Urine
and Stools, as a Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment.
All kinds of Abscess, Tropical, Pyæmic, Metastatic,
etc.
Different kinds of Cancers of the Liver and its Appen.
dages.
Hydatid and Cystic Diseases of the Liver; Syphilitic
and Fibroid Diseases of the Liver.
Embolisms, Fatty, Amyloid and other Degenerations
of the Liver.
Traumatic Diseases of the Liver.
Diseases of the Gall Bladder.
A concluding chapter, entitled Hints on Differential
Diagnosis.
Index.
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BIDDLE'S
Materia Medica.
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be discussed in a course of lectures on materia medica."—Cincinnati Medical
News.
"In truth, the work is well adapted to the wants of students."-The Clinic.
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shapely form, grace of manner, and general multum in parvo style."-Ameri-
can Practitioner.
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Pharmacopoeia, Sixth Revision.

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THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY,
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