B 475035
HOMEOPATHIC
MATERIA MEDICA
NEW REMEDIES,
H615
HIGE
BALE.
{

JOHN KEENE,
HOMEOPATHIC
PHARMACEUTICAL CHE MIST
74, New Bond St., W.
LONDON,

ASTE.
LIBRARY
VERITAS
SCIENTIA
OF THE
| UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN |
AQUAERIS PENINSULAM AMOENAMU
CIRCUMSPICE
FLAMMMMMMMMMATWOM
#
*
મ
મે
HOMEOPATHIC

MATERIA MEDICA
OF THE
107277


NEW REMEDIES:
THEIR
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION, MEDICAL HISTORY, PATHOGENETIC
EFFECTS AND THERAPEUTICAL APPLICATION
IN
HOMEOPATHIC PRACTICE.
By EDWIN M. HALE, M. D.,
professor of MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS IN HAHnemann medical collEGE,
AUTHOR OF "MONOGRAPH ON GELSEMINUM," AND OTHER works.
SECOND EDITION-REVISED AND ENLARGED.
DETROIT, MICHIGAN:
DR. E. A. LODGE, HOMEOPATHIC PHARMACY, 51 WAYNE STREET.
HENRY TURNER & Co., 77 Fleet-st., E.C., London. HENRY TURNER & Co., Manchester, Eng.
W.RADDE,550 Pearl-st.,J,T.S.SMITH & SONS, 105 Fourth Av., C.T.HURLBURT,437 Broome-st.,N.Y.
F. E. BRICKE, 635 Arch-street, A. J. TAFEL, 48th North Ninth-street, Philadelphia.
OTIS CLAPP, Boston. H. C. &. LUYTIES, St. Louis. BECKWITH & Co., Cleveland.
C. S. HALSEY, Chicago. SMITH & WORTHINGTON, Cincinnati.
J. G. BACKOFEN & SON, Pittsburgh. E. B. SPRAGUE, Owego, N. Y.
1867.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by
EDWIN A. LODGE,
In the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States for the District
of Michigan.
Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1866, by
EDWIN A. LODGE,
In the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States for the District
of Michigan.
DETROIT, MICHIGAN, U. S.
PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE AMERICAN HOMŒOPATNIC OBSERVER
No. 51 Wayne Street.
TO THE
HOMOEOPATHIC PHYSICIANS
OF
NORTH AMERICA AND ENGLAND,
THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
BY
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.
The object in the preparation of this work has been to furnish the
physicians and students of the homœopathic school of medicine with
full and accurate information relative to a class of remedies, mostly
indigenous, but few of which have had any place in the published
Homœopathic Materia Medica. Some of the provings have been in-
corporated into the Symptomen Codex (Phytolacca, Podophyllum and
Sanguinaria), others have been published in the various journals of
our School (Rumex, Cimicifuga, Cornus c., etc.), but the great
majority have never been proven until now, and the only mention of
them has been in occasional clinical or empirical suggestions. To the
first and second classes I have added many pathogenetic symptoms
gleaned from various sources, re-provings, poisonings, etc., and added
also all the clinical observations that could be collected from reliable
sources. The latter class may be divided into two others; namely:
those which have been proven, and those of which we have only
empirical data upon which to base clinical use, and suggestive or
theoretical deductions.
As we gather experience in the use of these remedies, and institute
accurate provings, the necessity for these suggestions and theoretical
deductions will be done away. Each physician should consider him-
self bound to collect all the symptoms which are really pathogenetic,
and note down all reliable curative experience belonging to these
medicines, and faithfully report the same to our journals.
The causes which led me to investigate the properties and virtues
of the remedies mentioned in the following pages, will be patent to
every progressive mind. After using for many years those invaluable
remedies found in our standard Materia Medica, most of which were
handed down to us by Hahnemann and his colleagues, I found that
although their curative scope was very wide, it did not apparently
include many symptoms and diseases. I was led to investigate the
field of indigenous remedies for these reasons: (1) the suggestion of
Teste,* that piacts are adapted to cure the diseases which infest the
* Introduction of " Materia Medica."
V1
PREFACE.
same localities: and (2) the many cures which had come under
my
observation, made by these remedies in the hands of eclectic and
domestic practioners, (some of the cases will be mentioned in the body
of this work). These reasons, together with a natural ambition to
enlarge the sphere of Homœopathic Materia Medica, induced me to
throw away all prejudice, and devote my energies to the task of
introducing, by provings and clinical experience, the indigenous
medicines which so largely abound in the United States, A few
others had started before me, and Cimicifuga, Cornus, Podophyllum,
and Sanguinaria had been proven, and their pathogeneses published.
But from some cause they had not attracted the attention which they
deserve. After several years spent in the investigation and study of
the new remedies, publishing from time to time items from my ex.
perience with them, I was induced to attempt the work of collecting
all that had been published concerning the indigenous plants of this
country, and to add to such all the knowledge, clinical and theoretical,
which could be gleaned from my colleagues, together with my own.
To this I have taken the liberty of adding the testimony and
empirical experience of physicians of the allopathic and eclectic
schools, relative to the medicines under consideration. If any object.
to this method, I would refer them to the writings of Hahnemann and
his colleagues,--Dudgeon, Madden and Drysdale, of England; Teste
and Roth, of France; and Joslin, Marcy, Hempel, and others of this
country. I contend that the experience of others, besides members
of the Homœopathic School, is often useful in building our pathoge-
neses, and adding to reliable clinical knowledge.
I shall not be held responsible for the opinions of any writer
quoted in the following pages. Let each be judged upon his own
merits. I do not claim that this work is in any way complete. Indeed,
I shall be satisfied if it is only pronounced by the profession as
eminently suggestive. Many of the provings are very imperfect, and
some of the clinical remarks open to criticism. Let the wheat be
separated from the chaff by the inexorable test of honest trial.
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.
The favorable reception which the first edition of this work
received from the homoeopathic physicians of this country and
England, induced me to prepare a second edition.
Another reason which impelled me to re-write the work, was,
that the first edition met with such rapid sale that at the expi-
ration of two years from its issue, not a copy was for sale in the
United States. This fact was as much an encouragement to
the publisher as to myself, and it will doubtless result in an
improvement in the style and appearance of the second edition.
Not only was I encouraged by the above, but by other induce-
ments, namely: the prompt and courteous response of many of
my professional colleagues to my request for new provings and
clinical reports. It would be invidious to mention any names
of physicians, when so many have contributed to swell our
knowledge of the pathogenetic and curative powers of these
medicines. I cannot, however, in justice, omit to record my
acknowledgments of the valuable aid received from the members
of the North-Western Provers' Association, who have enriched
this edition with several excellent provings. Nor can I omit to
mention the assistance I have received from Dr. T. C. DUNCAN,
of Chicago. Without his aid in the labor of copying and re-
arranging the large amount of material, I could hardly, engrossed
as I have been with the active duties of my profession, have
found time for the task of re-writing this work.
The names of all other contributors and provers will be
found collected at the end of this volume.
When it is understood that this edition contains nearly three
times the amount of matter included in the former, it will be
seen that the task has not been a small one.
In addition to the medicines mentioned in the first edition,
the following have been added: Agave, Alnus, Ampelopsis,
Aralia, Asarum, Asclepias incarnata, Cactus, Cerasus, Chelone,
Cistus, Comocladia, Corydalis, Erechthites, Euonymus, Frasera,
Galium, Geranium, Gnaphalium, Gymnocladus, Hedeoma,
Hepatica, Juglans, Lachnanthes, Lobelia, Lycopus, Mitchella,
VIII
PREFACE.
Myrica, Nabulus, Nymphæa, Pulsatilla Nuttalliana, Rhus glabra,
Rhus venenata, Stillingia, Triosteum and Zizia; thiry-five in all;
two-thirds as many as were contained in the first edition. Not
only are these new remedies added, but new matter is added
to every one of the other medicines, either in new pathogenetic
observations or clinical experience. Of many of the first medi-
cines, new and valuable re-provings have been made. The other
additions of the second edition are, the complete botanical
description, natural history, and medical history of each medicine.
Pharmacological observations of a practical character are
made concerning each remedy. The officinal preparations are
also designated. These practical additions will do away with
the necessity felt for a pharmacopoeia of the new remedies, until
a complete Homoeopathic Dispensatory shall be published.
Such an one I believe is in the hands of the publisher of this
and will soon appear.
Of some of the medicines added to this edition no provings
have been made, and the clinical experience is almost entirely
wanting. This was the case with several of the medicines in
the former issue; but their appearance called attention to them,
provings were instituted, they were used in practice, and are
now valuable additions to our Materia Medica. This, I believe,
will be the case with the unproven medicines in this edition.
Partly through an inadvertence, one of the medicines of
the former edition has been omitted from this, namely,
the Silphium laciniatum. No provings of this plant were
communicated to me, nor any clinical experience. Its omission,
therefore, will not be much loss to the profession. That it has
some active and useful properties I do not doubt, and at some
future day it may be again introduced into our Materia Medica.
Since the first appearance of this work, various critics in our
school have expressed doubts as to the propriety of introducing
clinical testimony drawn from allopathic and eclectic sources.
These objections were fully answered through the columns of
the American Homeopathic Observer, and Medical Investigator.
That my views in this matter, which I consider to be logical
and scientific, may be known to my colleagues, I herewith
again present them for consideration.
PREFACE.
IX
1
"In my private correspondence I am frequently asked the
question, 'Why do you quote allopathic authorities in your New
Remedies and other writings.' In some of the periodicals of
our school I find the same question asked. In other words, the
questioners ask: Can allopathic authority, or their cures,
become of value to the homoeopathician ?'
C
"I answer, "Their bald dictum cannot, but their cures can.'
I propose to state the reasons for this belief. But first, I would
ask the reader to glance over the pages of the 'Introduction'
to that immortal work of Hahnemann, the Organon.' He
will there find page after page occupied with a concise narration
of allopathic cures. He makes such testimony contribute to the
proof of the homœopathic law, and intimates, in the strongest
language, that all the cures were homoeopathic. I have only
followed, humbly I admit, in the footsteps of our great Master
“It is true that in writing of new and unproven remedies, I
have quoted all medical authors, but not as authority, except in
certain cases. I mention their alleged cures for the purpose of
drawing attention to the successful uses of the medicines in
certain diseases. I mention their theoretical deductions and
even their crude recommendations, thinking that perhaps we
may get a little grain out of the great amount of such chaff. It
must be recollected that I had little or no homœopathic experi-
ence to draw from, and had to use such material as I could find.
That such mention of allopathic and eclectic experience was not
productive of injury, the contents of the second edition will
prove. The valuable use of Caulophyllum, Dioscorea, and many
other medicines, first came to us from that source, yet our school
has since verified the reality of their cures and more; they have
proved that such cures were made homoeopathically, because the
medicines aré capable of causing similar affections.
"It seems strange to some of our school that because allopath-
ists use such massive doses, they can make any cures at all. But
a cure is a fact. We can not explain it away. The testimony of
a physician of one school is as good as that of another, provided
his alleged cure was made with one medicine given singly.
#
"No proposition is more generally accepted in our school than,
that a dose, to be homoeopathic, need not be a high potency
dose. The true definition of a homoeopathic dose is, any quan-
tity of medicine capable of effecting a cure. If we do not admit
this, we must admit that allopathists cure by virtue of the law
of contraria, and if we do this, we give them vantage ground
All cures are homeopathic cures, whether made with
the 200th, or with grain doses of the crude drug. For example,
at once.
X
PREFACE.
Hahnemann cured a severe case of colicodynia with Veratrum
album-"four powders, each containing four grains "* of the
crude powdered root. Although the patient took two powders
a day, instead of one, and aggravated the pain temporarily, yet
it was as brilliant a cure as ever Hahnemann made with the
30th potency.
"The remarkable cures made by eclectics with Caulophyllum
and Dioscorea, were made with material doses. Are such cures
to be denied and pronounced worthless? If so, then Hahne-
mann's cure with Veratrum must be placed in the same list. I
do not say that such material doses are necessary to the cure;
but if they remove suffering, or prevent dangerous conditions,
let us, instead of ignoring them, claim the remedies as gifts of
Providence, and by experience show that they really cure accord-
ing to our law.
"If an eclectic cures a cough of long standing and grave
character with crude doses of Rumex or Sanguinaria, is not
the cure as good, as homoeopathic, as though made by Joslin or
Hering, with the 30th or 200th dilution?
"Those who are familiar with my theory of the action of med-
icines, and the law of dose deduced therefrom, need not be told
that I would consider that where an allopathist does not use a
drug in a certain disease, for fear of aggravations, that the drug
is primarily homœopathic to such disease, and must be used in
a high dilution; also, that when the opposite school cure a
disease or condition with material doses, as, for instance, uterine
inertia, with Ergot or Caulophyllum, paralysis with Nux vomica,
etc., the drug must be secondarily homoeopathic to the condition,
and will generally act better in the lower dilutions.
"Our course, as consistent homoeopathicians, is, to CLAIM ALL
CURES AS MADE BY THE LAW OF SIMILIA, AND PROVE THEM
TO BE SUCH, as did Hahnemann. The law discovered by our
great master is all-embracing, universal, and the sooner his
followers adopt this proposition, the better it will be for the
honor and influence of our school."
CHICAGO, January, 1867.
▾ Lesser Writings.
H.
INTRODUCTION.
He who undertakes to write a Materia Medica, which shall come
up to the high standard necessary to meet the scientific requirements
of the Homœopathic School of Medicine, has before him a really
herculean task. The work, even, of expunging worthless symptoms,
will compare with the cleansing of the Augean Stables.
The Allopathic Materia Medica is not susceptible of much
improvement, so long as that school adheres to the dogmas which
form the basis of that system of practice; the Homœopathic, on the
contrary, is capable of immense improvement.
I have found that the task of writing a monograph on any one
drug, as Gelseminum, was really a laborious undertaking; and the
work of collecting, compiling and arranging the material for the
elucidation of several drugs, is of course, proportionately greater.
That the profession may see how high an appreciation I have for
a scientific Materia Medica, and how much this work has fallen short
of my Ideal, both in the matter and the manner of its composition, I
will insert an extract from my introductory to a course of lectures,
delivered to the class of Hahnemann Medical College, in the winter
of 1863 and '64:
"Since the time of Hahnemann, nearly all our works on Materia
Medica have been moulded upon the same plan, notwithstanding the
progress of all the sciences which properly pertain to medicine; and
while a knowledge of chemistry, pathology and physiology is deemed
essential to every homoeopathic physician.
“The great desideratum of our school, at this time, is a purely
scientific Materia Medica. Hahnemann laid its foundation upon the
imperishable rock of natural truth. On this foundation let us build a
magnificent temple, which neither time nor change can ruin, but will
ever increase its grand proportions and massive solidity.
“Gentlemen :—Would you have my individual conception of an
'Ideal Materia Medica?' With a few preliminary remarks on the
action of medicines, I will give it you.
XII
INTRODUCTION.
All drugs, and by this I mean all substances which can by any pos-
sibility be used as remedial agents, have three modes of action upon
the animal economy.
"FIRST-Mechanical. This action is only by virtue of their
physical conformation. This includes bulk, and the shape of the
particles which compose the medicine.
"SECOND-Chemical.-The chemical action of nearly all medi-
cines, when given in appreciable doses, is fully admitted by every
authority; thus, we have acids and alkalies, and numerous compounds
which, by their chemical union with the solids and fluids, effect
changes in the constituents of the body.
"THIRD—Dynamic.-This method of action may be entirely
independent of the two former. But a medicine may have at the
same time a mechanical, chemical, and a dynamic action; or, if
properly administered, it may have only the latter action. It was a
knowledge of this dynamic action that Hahnemann strove to attain.
This he attempted to do by stripping his remedial agents of all
material forms, or chemical power, and so attenuating them as to leave
nothing but the 'spirit' of the drug wherewith to oppose disease.
Now, it is an indisputable fact, which I shall point out to you
more fully in my course of lectures, that our Materia Medica abounds
with symptoms due to the mechanical and chemical effects of drugs,
and these are so mixed up with the symptoms having a dynamic
origin, that they mislead us when we are engaged in the selection of
a remedy. Upon almost every page of our Materia Medica, is to be
found too many of the natural sensations to which every person is
liable.
"In view of these facts, I would have a rational revision of our
Materia Medica, expunging all but undoubted dynamic symptoms;
and I would have these symptoms arranged in groups, in strict
accordance with their rise and progress.
"In order to elucidate more clearly my views in relation to drug
proving, we will suppose that a society is formed by a number of
patient, conscientious, and self-sacrificing men, whose object is to
make a perfect and complete proving of a drug or number of drugs.
"We will suppose that the drug selected be Phosphorus-that
most excellent of all polychrests. The first desideratum would be
to ascertain the exact physiological and pathological condition of each
INTRODUCTION.
XIII
We should
person who intends to experiment upon his own person.
ascertain if every organ performs its functions properly; whether
any organic disease be present, and if so, what is its character. We
should inquire into the nature of all the secretions and excretions,
aiding our investigations by the use of the microscope, and those
delicate tests which science has applied to such uses.
If the prover
is in perfect health, the fact should be noted; if not, his condition
and symptoms should be carefully recorded.
The drug selected should then be taken by each one, in similar
quantities and at the same time. The quantity of the drug should
be just enough to induce symptoms and pathological changes in the
organism, by its dynamic influence, and not by any chemical action.
It would be next to impossible to administer Phosphorus in sufficient
quantities to set up any mechanical action; but with such drugs as
Mercury, Stannum, or Podophyllum; such effects might be readily
obtained.
"The chemical action of Phosphorus upon the surfaces with which
it comes in contact, would be the most important to be guarded
against. It is doubtful if inflammation of the stomach could be
produced by minute quantities of this drug; but we know that
material doses will cause gastritis, by its actual combustion while in
contact with the mucous coats of the stomach. Such chemical
symptoms would be worthless to us, when obtained. Only the
specific, dynamic effects of a medicine are of value in a strictly
therapeutic point of view.
Immediately after the ingestion of the drug, the first symptoms
should be watched for and carefully noted; then all the unmistak-
able drug symptoms which arise, should be recorded in the natural
order in which they appear. The objective and subjective symptoms
should be considered of equal importance. It matters not how
minutely the subjective symptoms, the aches, pains, and sensations be
recorded, but we insist that all the objective phenomena; should have
an equally conspicuous place. Hahnemann, himself, once insisted
upon this very proposition, for in speaking of Belladonna particularly,
he says:We want to know what organs it deranges functionally,
what it modifies in other ways, what nerves it principally benumbs or
excites, what alterations it effects in the circulation and in the diges-
tive operations, how it affects the mind, how the disposition, what
influence it exerts over the secretions, what modifications the muscular
XIV
INTRODUCTION.
fibre receives from it, how long its action lasts, and by what means it
is rendered powerless.
66
Now, the investigation of the properties of a medicine in this
way, would leave nothing to be desired. Could Hahnemann have
availed himself of the labors of a Brown-Sequard, a Lehmann, or
Rokitansky, what a complete Materia Medica he would have written.
But this requirement was far beyond what his times afforded, and he
did the best that was possible under the circumstances.
"Dr. Dudgeon asks: 'Ought we not to strive to attain the
theoretical standard proposed by Hahnemann? And how is this to
be obtained? I answer, by a more scientific character to our
Materia Medica; by treating our pathogenetic provings in a thor-
oughly scientific manner; by bringing to bear on the action of
medicines the aids and appliances of the microscope, chemical
analysis, and the ascertained principles (not the theoretical surmises)
of modern physiology. This is now being done by some members of
our school; and if we were all animated by the same noble zeal, we
should soon rescue the school from the reproach of its unscientific
character, which is so continually urged against it by adherents of
so-called rational medicine.
"When we shall have recorded all the subjective and objective
symptoms in the manner above stated, we shall have what we will
term a true physiological proving. But we must consider that it
would endanger the life of any individual, to carry our experiments
so far as to get all the objective phenomena desirable. What shall
we do to perfect our pathogeneses? I answer, by subjecting to the
slow action of drugs, some of the lowest animals, after the manner of
some of the greatest physiologists of the age. Already have Curie, in
France, and some members of our profession in this country, begun
the laudable work. Such experiments I would term pathological
provings. By such investigations, we could learn the ultimate effects
of drugs; what structural changes they cause in the tissues, and
what extensive organico-pathological conditions they can induce. The
experiments of the physiologists of the allopathic school were crude
and unsatisfactory. They destroyed life with huge mechanical or
chemical doses of drugs, and the results are of little value to our
school. Our aim should be, not only to cause death, but to cause
disease, of longer or shorter duration, and then by a careful scien-
tific analysis of the artificial malady, classify it and determine its
INTRODUCTION.
XV
character, in order that we may use it as a guide in the selection of
a remedy wherewith to combat a similar, and ascertained disease,
existing in the human body.
"Do not deem these views utopian in their character! Much
more than is here advised will yet be attained, and some of you will
live to see the day when just such provings shall be made. Aye,
more! Some of you may live to look upon the realization of a dream
which has haunted me for years-an Inconographic Materia Medica.
Let me illustrate. Going back to our first proposition of a proving of
Phosphorus, we will suppose all the subjective and objective symptoms.
recorded in strictly scientific language, but in addition to this written
pathogenesis we bave correct drawings of all the pathological changes;
of all the organic alterations in various organs and tissues, upon which
the drug exerted its poisonous influence. Let us call to our aid the
photographer and the painter, and invest the delineations of morbid
specimens, with all the wonderful similitude with those arts are
capable of creating.
With such an illustrated Materia Medica would not the Art of
Healing be so far perfected as to leave little to be desired, and so
enhance our skill in the management of disease as to rob it of half its
terrors?
"We will now suppose such a Materia Medica attainable, we will
also suppose the existence of works on Diagnosis and Pathology,
similarly illustrated, or, that all are combined in one complete
work, in beautiful and massive volumes. What then would be
the status of the practice of medicine?
We will imagine the young physician just returned from a visit to
a child, ill with malignant scarlatina. He turns to his library and finds
written down the subjective symptoms of similar cases; and he also
finds a written description of the objective symptoms, the latter
illustrated with colored plates, the whole giving a striking portrait of
the case he has just visited.
"He now turns to his Iconographic Materia Medica, and finds, it
may be, in the pathogenesis of Belladonna or Apis, all the subjective
symptoms of the case; and more satisfactory still, he finds that the
objective symptoms correspond, and the conditions of the skin, the
throat and the mucous surfaces, are in every way similar to the case
under investigation.
XVI
INTRODUCTION.
"What, I ask, would be the result of this method of study? What
the consequence of this correspondence between the malady, the
illustrated pathology and pathogenesis of a drug in the Materia
Medica?
"Would it not be the selection of a remedy whose action would
be eminently specific to the totality of the symtoms, and therefore
curative? Would it not elevate medicine to the position of one of the
exact sciences? Would it not strip disease of half its terror, and
much of its fatality?"
ESCULUS GLABRA.
(Fœtid or Ohio Buckeye.)
ANALOGUES: Esculus hippocastanum.
Gymnocladus. Ignatia. Nux vomica.
Aloes.
Collinsonia.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. This is a large tree growing abundantly
in the rich alluvial bottom lands of Ohio, and other States watered by
the Ohio river. The bark exhales an unpleasant odor, as in the rest
Flowers small, not showy, stamens curved, much longer
yellow corolla of four upright petals. Fruit prickly
Leaves opposite, digitate. Leaflets five, serrate,
straight-veined, like a chestnut leaf.
of the genus.
than the pale
when young.
This species belongs to the Esculus proper, along with the Æ.
hippo., and differs from the division "Pavia," in having fruit covered
with prickles when young. In the Pavia, the fruit is smooth. Of
the latter there are two species, namely: E. flava, (Sweet Buckeye)
with varieties, purpurescens, and discolor, and Esculus pavia (Red
Buckeye). These may all possess medicinal qualities, but the Æ.
glabra is undoubtedly the most active. The fruit contains the most
active poisonous principles. The rind of the fruit, bark and leaves
also possess toxical powers.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture prepared from the bark and
whole fruit. Triturations, of the whole fruit.
GENERAL EFFECTS.-It is often eaten by domestic animals; cattle,
in particular, are apt to partake freely of the fruit. In my boyhood,
I have seen a great many cows fall victims to their careless impru-
dence in diet. Even when a student of medicine, I have witnessed
deaths in cattle from its effects; and it is a matter of sincere regret,
now, that I did not make a careful post mortem examination of the
animals. The general symptoms exhibited in cases of poisoning in
animals may be summed up as follows:
1. Distention of the stomach and abdomen; staggering; reeling;
apparent loss of sight; constipation.
2
18
NEW REMEDIES.
2. Falling; paralysis of the hinder extremities; "Palsy; wry
neck; convulsions; fixed eyes, and death."
There have been cases of poisoning in men and children, who ate
of this fruit, but I have not been able to obtain any account of the
symptoms exhibited. Two of my pupils once attempted to prove the
Buckeye, but did not continue the experiments, on account of the
apparent gravity of the few symptoms which manifested themselves.
It caused--
1. Vertigo, severe, with reeling like drunken men; vertigo with
nausea; vertigo with dimness of sight; fullness and heaviness of the
head; confusion of ideas; a confused stupor; "thickness" of speech;
loathing of food; nausea; cramp in the stomach; sensation of fullness
of the stomach.
2. Great weakness; trembling of the lower limbs; a strong ten-
dency to contractions of the legs; constipation.
It seems to stand in relation both to Opium and Nux vomica,—
possessing some of the narcotic properties of the former, and the
cerebro-spinal affinities of the latter. It may be called a cerebro-
spinal irritant.
The fruit is used to stupefy fish, by the Indians-a decoction of
the nut is thrown into the water.
Dr. McDowell, who tested the properties of the rind of the fruit,
says, "Ten grains of it are equivalent to three grains of Opium."
The following theoretical and clinical remarks are all that we have
to offer in relation to this medicine:
1. It should prove curative in some forms of vertigo, congestion
or gastric cephalalgia, dyspepsia, nausea, vomitiug and constipation.
2. In some severe brain affections the symptom "wry neck" in
animals is quite suggestive. Wry neck is not always a rheumatic
affection. It may arise from irritation at the base of the brain, or in
the cervical region of the cord. It is a symptom of tubercular
meningitis, apoplexy, meningitis, and many other brain diseases.
When this symptom occurs, during these affections, the Esculus
glabra will be indicated.
It will probably prove useful in paralysis of the lower extremities,
when Nux vomica fails to cure.
It has been used in the treatment of some typhoid symptoms.
But its principal use up to this time has been in hemorrhoidal
affections. It is a popular belief with many of the country people in
Ohio, that the fruit of the Buckeye, carried in the pocket, or worn as an
amulet, will act as a prophylactic and curative remedy against the piles.
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
19
Dr. Hill (Hill & Hunt's Surgery, p. 371,) says, "A number of
cures have been reported to us, effected by the use of the Buckeye,
taken in repeated small doses."
Dr. J. S. Douglas considers it quite specific in some severe
hemorrhoidal diseases.
I have prescribed it in constipation and piles, and in some
instances got good effects from its use; in other cases it did not
seem to cause any curative action. I gave the and dilution.
Dr. P. H. Hale reports a case of hæmorrhoids, with very painful
external tumors, dark purple, and attended with constipation, vertigo,
weakness of the small of the back and lower extremities. All these
symptoms, which had continued for several months, were cured in a
few weeks by the use of the 1st attenuation.
Among the country people in Ohio, it is a common practice to
wear one of the nuts of the Buckeye suspended around the neck, and
resting against the pit of the stomach, for the cure and prevention of
piles. The testimony as to its efficacy when so worn, is strongly in
its favor. Is it not possible that enough of the true medicinal princi-
ple is absorbed to act in a curative manner?
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
(Horse-Chestnut.)
ANALOGUES: Æsculus glabra, Aloes, Collinsonia, Ignatia, Citric
acid, Nux vomica, Mercurius, Sulphur, Podophyllum, Iris versic,
Hydrastis.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.—In the language of flowers this tree
symbolizes luxury.
The beauty of the horse-chestnut consists chiefly in its inflores-
cence-surpassing that of almost all our native trees; the huge
clusters of gay blossoms, which every spring are distributed with
such luxurience and profusion over the surface of the foliage, and
at the extremity of the branches, give the whole tree the aspect of
some monster flower, than of an ordinary tree of the largest size.
Early in June this beautiful tree puts forth large pyramidal racemes
or thyrses of flowers, of pink and white, mottled with red and yellow
-finely contrasting with the dark green of its foliage, which has
20
NEW REMEDIES.
great grandeur and richness in its depth of hue and massiveness of
outline.
ORDER.-Hippocastanaca (sapindaceæ, Gray,) genus, æsculus ;
species, hippocastanum. Leaves opposite, digitate, of seven obovate-
cunate, acute, toothed leaflets, serrate and straight-vined. Flowers
showy, in large terminal thyrsoid racemes or panicles; pedicels
articulated. Calyx campanulate of five united sepals. Corolla
spreading white, spotted with purple and yellow, and composed of
four or five petals, which are irregular, unguiculate, and nearly
hypogynous. Stamens usually seven, unequal, inserted on the
hypogynous disc. Ovary large, round, echinate when young, dehi-
scent, loculicidal, three cornered, three celled, crowned with a single
filiform, conical style, containing two ovules in each cell, only one of
all of which, sometimes two or even three, matures. These seeds arc
very large, shining, roundish, coriaceous, mahogany-colored, with a
broad, round, pale hilum, without albumen.
The Esculus Ohioensis (Ohio buckeye) differs from the æsculus
hippocastanum in having five leaflets-stamens red, curved, much
longer than the corolla, which consists of four upright yellow petals.
Fruit prickly when young, but smooth at maturity, about half the
size of the hippocastanum. This tree is small in size, and exhales an
unpleasant odor, particularly while in flower.
HISTORY. The horse-chestnut is a highly ornamental tree, and
is greatly admired for its majestic proportions, and for the beauty of
its flowers and foliage. It grows rapidly, and often attains the height
of forty or fifty feet. It is a native of middle Asia, but flourishes
well in the temperate climates of both hemispheres. Its genus
comprises about twelve known species, the genus Esculus, however,
is incomparably the finest, and is the only one found in the Northern
States, and this, even, is not indigenous in New England.
It was introduced into Europe nearly three centuries ago by
Baron Ungnad, ambassador of the Ottoman Porte, who, in the year
1576, sent the seeds of the common horse-chestnut to Clausius, at
Vienna. It is now extensively cultivated as an ornamental tree in
Europe as well as in this country.
The name Esculus was originally applied to a species of oak, also
to a tree which bore esculent fruit, and probably is derived from esca
"food." It was transferred to this genus by Linnæus to the
exclusion of the earlier and more appropriate name of "hippocasta-
num" (horse-chestnut), on account of the resemblance of the large
seeds to chestnuts, and because the Turks often grind them into a
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
21
coarse flour, which is mixed with other food, and given to horses which
are broken-winded.
In the Southern and Western States there are several species,
which bear the name of buck-eye, from a resemblance of the seeds to
the eye of that animal.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES.-The timber is not valuable. The large
farinaceous seeds contain a considerable amount of nourishment,
which is rendered unavailable, because of the intensely bitter and
narcotic principle with which they are charged. Common horse-
chestnuts, nevertheless, with some precautions, are largely and
advantageously used in Switzerland for fattening sheep. They are
also eaten eagerly by deer, horses and oxen. Starch prepared from
them is superior to that of wheat, and excels as an article of diet, that
of the potato. Paste prepared from them is preferable to any other,
not only because possessing great tenacity, but also from the fact, that
no moths or vermin will attack anything cemented with it. They
have been recommended as a substitute for coffee. They contain
sparingly a saponaceous principle.
The young leaves are aromatic, and have been used instead of
hops in brewing beer.
The roots contain a mucilaginous and saponaceous matter, which
is thought to be poisonous. Active and poisonous properties prevail
in the root, seeds, bark and foliage.
•
The bark has little odor, but an astringent and bitter, though not
disagreeable taste. It contains, among other ingredients, bitter
extractive and tannin, and imparts its virtues to boiling water. Its
active constituent is supposed to be tannin, hence it has been
employed in tanning. It is recommended as a tonic, astringent, nar-
cotic, and antiseptic; in fevers as a febrifuge, for gangrene, and as
an errhine. A strong decoction is recommended as a lotion to
gangrenous ulcers.
It has attracted much attention in Europe, as a substitute for
Cinchona, although it certainly cannot be considered comparable to
Peruvian Bark in its power over intermittents.
It is at present
seldom used, and never in this country. The bark of the branches
from three to five years old is considered the best. It should be
collected in spring.
The powdered kernel snuffed up the nostrils produces sneezing,
and has been used with advantage as a sternutatory in complaints of
the head and eyes. In Europe the oil at present is a fashionable remedy
for gout and rheumatism. Maceration in an alkaline solution removes
22
NEW REMEDIES.
the bittter principle. Esculine is the name given to the extractive
matter.
Hahnemann thus speaks of it: “We can, from the morbid effects
which the bark is able to produce, form a just estimate of its medi-
cinal powers, and determine whether it is suitable for pure intermit-
tent fever, or some of its varieties. The sole phenomenon we know
belonging to it is, that it produces a constrictive feeling in the chest.
It will accordingly be found useful in (periodical) spasmodic asthma."
Dr. Buchmann introduces the provings in the following words :-
"Horse-chestnuts have been occasionally used as a popular remedy,
and the favorable results heard from their use in glandular swellings
of horses, in chronic catarrhs of the respiratory passages and of the
intestinal canal, determined me to undertake a careful proving of them
on the healthy, in order to ascertain if their vaunted curative powers
were on the homoeopathic principle."
The following provings were made with various preparations of
the medicine, ranging from massive doses of the crude drug, to the
second trituration.
They are given complete, in order that the physician may see the
order of appearance of the symptoms and their concomitants.
It is usually prepared by grating the nut, after removing the
shell. When dry it can easily be reduced to a fine powder. Tritu
rations are made as of any other homœopathic remedy.
prepared in the form of tincture.-Ed.]
[It is also
PROVING BY C. W. BOYCE, M. D., OF AUBURN, n. y.
August 24. Toook ten grains of the first decimal trituration at
9 A. M.
Nausea immediately. Constant desire to swallow, with
feeling of dryness and stiffness of the throat when swallowing.
August 28. At 11 A. M. took ten grains of the same preparation.
Nausea immediately. Constant nausea. Feeling of dryness and
roughness of the throat, as if from taking cold.
At 5 P. M. took ten grains more. Nausea. For two following
days constant tendency to diarrhoea. Almost constant inclination to
stool, but without any, or very slight evacuations.
September 12. At 9 A. M., took ten grains of the same prepara-
tion. Nausea immediately. Sick feeling in the stomach all day, with
increase of appetite.
At 4 P. M., took ten grains more. Nausea. Salivation. Metallic
taste in the mouth. Sensation and dryness of the rectum
At 8 P. M., took ten grains more Nausea. The thought of the
medicine is unbearable. Dryness of the throat. Dryness and itching
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
23
in the rectum, with feeling of stiffness of the skin and adjacent
cellular tissue, continuing for several days.
September 24. At 3 P. M., took ten grains. Nausea immediately.
Diarrhoea for twenty-four hours following.
September 26. At 4 P. M., took ten grains. Nausea immediately.
Increase of saliva. The taste of the drug remained in the mouth
several hours. Diarrhoea of ingesta. For several days following
there was a sensation as if the mucous membrane of the rectum was
thickened, obstructing the passage of fæces. Dryness of the passage
for several days, followed by a secretion of moisture. Soreness of
the rectum, with a feeling as if something would pass off all the time.
I induced several other persons te make a few trials, but with no
result except increased salivation.
October 3. At 3 P. M., took ten grains of the first decimal tritu-
ration. Nausea immediately, and continuing all the afternoon.
Dryness of the throat. Dryness of the rectum.
Nausea. Increase of
October 4. At 1 P. M., took ten grains.
saliva. Dryness of the larynx, with tickling, scraping feeling of the
laryngo-pharyngeal mucous membrane. Sensation of swelling of the
uasal mucous membrane, as if from taking cold. Sneezing.
October 5. At 9 A. M., took ten grains. Sensation of dryness
and stiffness of the glottis, and all the pharyngo-laryngeal mucous
membrane. Slight nausea. At 2 P. M., took ten grains. Increase
of the dry feeling in the throat, followed by secretion of mucus, quite
like the second stage of catarrh. Dry uncomfortable feeling in the
rectum, which feels as if it were filled with small sticks.
October 6. At 2 P. M., took ten grains. Painful dryness of the
throat, lasting six hours. Feeling of prostration of the whole system.
Great repugnance to the drug.
October 7. At 10 A. M., took ten grains. Nausea. Increase of
the saliva. At 4 P. M., took ten grains. Nausea. Desire for a pas-
sage from the bowels without result. Desire to remain at stool a long
time, with straining. Excessive dryness of the rectum, with feeling
of heat. At 9 P. M., took ten grains. Nausea immediately, with
ineffectual attempts to evacuate the bowels. Feeling in the rectum
as though folds of the mucous membrane obstructed the passage, and
as if, were the effort continued, the rectum would protrude.
October 10. There has been during the past three days soreness
in the rectum, with increased secretion of mucus. Frequent incliLa-
tion for and ineffectual efforts at stool. At 3 P. M., took ten grains.
24
NEW REMEDIES.
Nausea as soon as the drug was taken. At 8 r. M., took ten grains.
Nausea.
October 11. Early in the morning a feeling of emptiness and
gnawing in the stomach. At 10 A. M., took ten grains. Nausea.
Dryness of the throat after eating. After eating the stomach feels
full, as if the walls were greatly thickened. Considerable pain in
the stomach for four or five hours after eating, which continues until
after taking food again. Dyspepsia. Quite severe pain in the right
side of the head above the temple. Metallic taste in the mouth.
Increase of secretion from the submaxillary glands. Good appetite.
Dryness and soreness of the rectum. At 3 P. M., took ten grains.
Soreness of the tip of the tongue, like that produced by ulcers.
Thinking of the drug always produced nausea. The dryness of the
rectum is followed by increased secretion of mucus.
PROVING BY DR. T. C. DUNCAN.
Æt 24, nervo-bilious temperament, predisposed to weakness of
bowels from protracted diarrhoea while in the U. S. service. Medical
student; studies hard, walks about eight miles per day.
May 6, 1865. Weather has changed to very cold. Feel slightly
chilly at times. Slept well but hard. Rose at 5.45 A. M. Busy
bodily till 7.30. Breakfasted. At 10 A. M. took Esculus hipp. gtt.,
xij, second decimal dilution of the macerated nut, macerated three
months in pure alcohol.
Symptoms Slight nausea, eructations; slight uneasiness in region
of left causality; shooting pain in left eye; loss of memory, unable
to fix the attention; soreness in epigastrium; pain in back of neck;
pressure in region of right ear; great heat in internal organs, or near
the epigastrium. Stool at 2 P. M. 8 P. M.
8 P. M. Continual pain in back,
shoulders and neck, at times with pricking sensations, fullness in both
ears; pain in right nasal bone. Coryza profuse, with a feeling of
fullness in the nose and forehead, as if had taken cold. Fullness at
epigastrium; fulluess and itching at the anus after walking a mile;
pricking in hands after washing them; feeling of languor; dull pain
in back; nausea three hours after tea.
May 7th, 6 A. M. Slept well, but felt very sore on waking; eyes
filled with tears; left nostril filled with thick mucus, right one empty,
pressure in bone on left side of nose; same at root of nose; pain,
dull and heavy, in back of neck; posterior nares empty, used to be
full of mucus in the morning; itching in anus with some heat. At
8 A. M., took 15 gtts. Pain in neck; confusion of ideas; heat and
pressure at the anus. No stool to-day; have not studied any.
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
25
Took
May 8th, 7 A. M. Slept well, awoke at the usual hour.
20 gtts. of 1st dilution. Nausea; mouth and pharynx feels irritated;
pressure, burning, itching and fullness at anus; rubbing will produce
extreme flow of blood to the part; flashes of heat over body; soreness
of neck with pricking sensations; heart, lungs, stomach and brain
feel as if an undue amount of blood was there; twitching over region
of heart. Stool at 8 A. M. Very costive, great straining, fæces in
balls; urine hot; fullness of the skin as though there was too much
blood in body. Rubbing after washing the face produces red spots.
under the skin; swelling of feet after walking usual distance; soreness
of corns; soreness of throat; mind clear; optical illusions; calves of
legs sore; mucous surface of mouth and pharynx dry; mucus ropy
with a sweetish taste; frequent urination.
May 9th, 6 A. M. Slept hard; distressing dreams; thought was
in a battle; fought hard; great excitement. Awoke troubled, and
found I was lying on my back; turned on right side; thought I saw a
man in my room. Went to sleep again; awoke at 5:30; felt very
sore all over, especially calves of legs, muscles of thighs, back,
shoulders and neck; also of upper extremities and chest; feet still
much swollen; slight enlargement of cervical glands; sore to touch ;
limbs feel heavy, stiffness of joints, fullness of dependant parts.
Mouth and pharynx dry and sore, deglutition difficult; taking full
breath causes soreness over and in lungs, with great rush of blood;
fullness at epigastrium; anus sore; bowels torpid; urine hot and
clear. Neuralgic pains in arms, nose feels sore and full; back of
head feels heavy; mind gets confused; thoughts rapid; unable to
fix attention; eyes clear, pupils dilated, contract slowly, tries to
keep from winking; much wind in bowels. Hyperesthesia of scalp;
stretches and yawns, soreness of right side of scalp. This is the
side which rested on the pillow. Extremely irritable; loses temper
easy and obtains control over it again but slowly.
8:30 a. m., took 30 gtts. 1st dec. dil. 9 A. M., sharp, darting pains
in the trachea, producing tittilation, coughing, mouth and pharynx
dry; heat in stomach and thorax; rumbling of bowels; expulsion of
flatus; ineffectual attempt at stool; soreness of anus; great heat all
over the whole body; fullness, yawning with stretching, followed by
chilly sensations. Riding in the cool air produces great chilliness;
ptyalism with an oily taste; dryness of posterior nares; twitching of
eyes; mind very clear, with a light feeling of anterior lobes; poste-
rior part of head and cerebellum feel heavy and dull; limbs ache
when weight of body rest on them; feet swell, corns very sore; tendo
26
NEW REMEDIES.
achilles sore; weak in joints, great pain in sacro-lumbar region;
pain on walking erect; dull pain in shoulders and arms, weakness of
hands, not able to control the muscles to write well; sore on motion;
nails blue, sharp, darting pain in left fore arm, numbness, with
prickly sensations; tenderness of right hypocondriac region; pain
at umbilicus; retention of urine, passed after several trials, urine
hot and clear; dull aching pain at anus, fullness of rectum.
1 P. M. Appetite but little; distention was the only sign which
told me to stop eating; belching of wind; expulsion of flatus; darting
pains in region of heart, with fullness and palpitation.
10 P. M. Light and giddy pain in right eye while near light,
twitching of eyelids, soreness of balls of eyes; head feels heavy,
dull, especially in region of right ear; catarrh, fullness of nose, pres-
sure of forehead, especially at root of nose; lips feel hot, increased
flow of saliva from submaxilliary glands; palate and posterior nares
feel dry, heat down the oesophagus; burning in stomach; feel as if
contained warm water; fullness of right hypocondriac region; pain
at umbilicus; itching of whole body, especially around waist. Great
expulsion of flatus.
must
10:30 P. M. Great pressure in rectum, fullness of colon
have stool; great straining with shivering, expulsion of about eight
inches of fæces; like a rope, solid, knotty, first half dark, rest quite
light in color; great soreness of anus, sphincter ani unable to con-
tract; about one-half inch protrusion, which I had to push up;
great burning and itching of anus. Very drowsy all day and soon
went to sleep.
May 10th, 6 A. M. Awoke disinclined to rise; feel as if I had not
slept; had troubled dreams; must have slept on my back. Great drow-
siness; want to go to sleep again; eyes heavy, dull pain in forehead
over right eye; great pain around loins, especially in the sacro-lum-
bar region, soreness at umbilicus, tenderness in right hypocondriac
region, very sore all over, malaise, fullness at root of nose (frontal
sinus); posterior nares, fauces and oesophagus very dry; heat in
stomach; twitching in region of heart; expulsion of flatus; soreness
of testicles; flow of saliva from submaxillary glands; yawning and
stretching; urine very clear and increased in quantity. 9:30 a. m.
I will not take any more to-day, as I am too sore and languid to attend
to business. I will notice when it loses its effects. Head feels dull
over temple; gloomy forebodings; at times feel as if I was going to
have spasms or convulsions; spasms of muscles of limbs; dull heavy
pressure on cerebellum. Yesterday when I had those darting pains
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
27
:
in the trachea, I had a feeling as if death was impending but this
was followed by an exalted condition of brain and nervous system;
thoughts flowed free, easy and clear; felt a glow of heat all over the
surface; pressure of hat on forehead leaves a large red spot;
itching of testicles; dull, shifting pain in left hypocondriac region ;
stinging in hands; pulse accelerated; pain in sound tooth, teeth feel
as if covered with oil; tongue slightly coated, dirty white; unable to
articulate long words distinctly; cannot control the tongue so as to
form the words aright; feels as if swollen; stitch in region of lower
lobe of left lung, relieved when passing urine. Abdomen tender to
touch. 11 A. M. Great stretching; mind is cloudy; dull, heavy,
frontal headache; thorax feels constricted; hawks up ropy mucus;
fullness of upper part of throat. 6 P. M. Dull and heavy shooting
pain through or near belt of penis; dull weight in forehead, eyes feel
heavy; pain in back of neck; fullness at root of nose; dryness of
fauces; increased flow of mucus from nasal passages; soreness of
epigastrium; tenderness of abdomen; soreness, burning, itching at
anus; pain and soreness of temporal region; soreness of parotids
when exposed to wind; soreness of muscles of arms, back and lower
extremities, especially of small of back. Soreness of tendo achilles,
skin dry and hot, flush of blood to face soon after rubbing it; when
cold air strikes, skin feels chilly and teeth chatter; appetite less than
normal; feel dull, gloomy, despondent; tenderness and soreness of
stomach; dryness of oesophagus; expulsion of fæces; drawing of left
testicle; transient pains in the genitals; skin as sensitive to cold, not
quite as sore; no stool.
May 11th, 6 A. M.
Rose at 5:30. Not so sore as yesterday
morning. Throat and fauces very dry and sore; fullness in forehead
and root of nose; tenderness of epigastrium, also right hypocondrias
region; eyes feel heavy, muscular soreness not quite as great. 12 M.
Stool of hard, impacted fæces, with great soreness of anus; itching,
burning and protrusion of anus; soreness of bowels; muscular sore-
ness not so great, heavy cloudy mind growing lighter, clearer and
more buoyant; great dryness of fauces. All the symptoms seem to
be gradually lessening. 10 P. M. Not so fatigued to-night.
May 12th, 10 a. m. Not so tired this morning. Spirits feel
buoyant; throat not so sore or dry. A small stool at 9:30, thin,
watery, lighter colored, and some tenesmus; bowels feel as if I had
had a severe diarrhoea. Weak; head clear; it fatigues me to walk
much; appetite grows better; feel disinclined to study, and wanting
rest.
28
NEW REMEDIES.
PROVING BY W. WARREN, M. D., OF DEERFIELD, N. Y.
Read before the Oneida County Hom. Med. Society.
Dr. WOODWARD WARREN, aged thirty-six, nervo-bilious tempera-
ment, subject to bilious and gastric derangements.
May 22. Took two grains of first decimal trituration at 4 P. M.
In half an hour felt a dull, pressing and pricking in the fauces, with
a sensation of fullness in the epigastrium, with empty eructations,
followed immediately by burning in the stomach and bowels. At
5.45, dull pains in the head, here and there, but principally in the
right temple and occiput, followed by dull stitches in the forehead
and temple. At 5.30, colic, with pinching pains in the right hypo-
chondrium; empty eructations. At 6.30, fine pricking pains around
the umbilicus.
May 29. Took two grains of second decimal triturations at 2 A. M.
At 2.26, felt a dull pressure in the forehead, with a slight feeling of
nausea in the stomach followed immediately by stitches in the right
hypochondrium. At 2.45, bruised feeling in the occiput, with feeling
of lameness in the back of the neck. At 3.30, pressure in the rectum
with inclination to stool, with empty eructations. At 4.45, ineffectual
efforts to stool. At 8.25, feeling of constriction in the rectum.
May 30. At 6 A. M., difficult scanty stool. At 8 A. M., took three
grains of first decimal trituration. In ten minutes coppery taste in
the mouth, with increased flow of saliva. At 8.30, dull pain in the
occiput, extending to the ears; fine stitches in the left temple, with
slight feeling of nausea in the stomach. At 9 o'clock, feeling of
lameness and weariness in the back of the neck, and small of the
back. At 10 A. M., empty eructations.
May 31. Took two grains of second trituration at 8.30 a. M. At
9, copious soft stool, followed by burning, and a feeling of swelling
and constriction in the rectum. At 9.15, empty eructations. At
9.30, slight burning and nausea in the stomach, with increased flow
of saliva; fine stitching in the left hypochondrium.
At 9.45, con-
fused feeling in the head; giddiness. At 10, dull pain in the occiput,
with flushes of heat in the integuments of the occiput, back of the
neck and shoulders. At 11.25, burning in the ears.
June 7. Took five grains of second decimal trituration at 12 a. m.
At 12.30, coppery taste, with increased flow of saliva, and a dull,
pressing pain in the left bypochondrium. At 12.45, dull pain in the
left temple; giddiness and confused feeling in the head; sharp,
biting and stinging pain in the fauces and tip of the tongue. At 1
P. M., rumbling in the hypogastrium, with cutting pains around the
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
29
umbilicus; burning and stinging deep in the left orbit, as if the pain
surrounded the ball of the eye, with a feeling of coldness in the eye.
At 1.15, heat in the integuments of the occiput, extending to the ears.
At 1.30, cutting in the left inguinal region; slight nausea with empty
eructations. At 2.30, general feeling of malaise, with dull, stupefy-
ing feeling in the head. At 4 P. M., dull pain in the occiput, and
lame feeling in the small of the back.
June 8. At 7 A. M., difficult, hard stool, followed by burning and
feeling of constriction in the rectum. At 9 A. M., took three grains
of second trituration. At 9.45, stinging and burning in the soft
palate and posterior nares; bitter taste, and increased flow of saliva.
At 10, vertigo, with sensation of balancing in the head; throbbing in
the right frontal eminence. At 10.15, empty eructations, with burn-
ing in the stomach, and fine, pricking pains around the umbilicus.
At 10.20, sharp, pressing pain in the right temple. At 2 P. M.,
lameness, and sensation as if strained in the right lumbar region,
extending to the gluteal muscle.
PROVING BY H. M. PAINE, M. D., OF CLINTON, N. Y.
Read before the Oneida County Homœopathic Medical Society.
September 28. In usual health.
alcoholic tincture at 10 P. M.
Took ten drops of the pure
September 29. Took ten drops at 10 P. M.
A
September 30. Took thirty drops at 10 P. M.
October 1. Headache, general, through the whole head.
sensation of fullness in all the upper part of the head. Vertigo, very
annoying all the afternoon. General malaise.
October 2. Experienced a repetition of similar symptoms again
to-day. Disappeared after 4 o'clock, P. M. Took forty drops at 9
P. M. Observed a few minutes after a quick, severe, griping pain in
the epigastric region. It continued about half an hour.
Octobor 3. Feel miserably, cross, disinclination to perform any
labor. Headache in the upper part of the head. The pain is uniform
and constant. The sensation is that of fullness and pressure rather
than acute pain. Vertigo, quite troublesome. The above symptoms
continued till toward evening, and then disappeared. At 10 P. M.,
took forty drops. Experienced a severe griping pain in the epigas-
trium a few minutes after taking the drug. It continued until I fell
asleep-about half an hour. It extended from the stomach to the
umbilical region, and appeared to be produced by flatus, as there was
at the same time quite a perceptible sensation of motion in the bowels.
30
NEW REMEDIES.
October 4.
Slight vertigo.
October 6.
Few abnormal sensations to-day. No headache.
Took forty drops at 9 P. M.
Sore throat, quite troublesome in the forenoon; none
in the afternoon. For the first time since commencing the proving
had rather a difficult stool. Took forty drops at 9 P. M.
October 7. Slight soreness in the pharynx during the day.
Rather a difficult stool about noon, followed for an hour by a slight
soreness, aching and fullness in he rectum, indicating piles.
fifty drops at 9 P. M.
Took
The taste of the drug is at first intensely bitter, and is peculiarly
unpleasant and nauseous. The itter taste is soon displaced by a
pleasant sweetish flavor, very similar to that of ordinary liquorice
root. This sweet taste remains about an hour.
Immediately on taking the drug there is a sensation of scraping,
irritation, or burning, extending from the mouth to the stomach. It
usually passes off in an hour or two. It remains longer in the stomach
than in the throat.
Another very unpleasant sensation experienced immediately on
taking the drug is nausea. It is transient, recurring at short intervals,
and usually disappears in about half an hour.
PROVING BY W. H. Burt, M. D.
The following thorough proving was made by Dr. Burt.
March 14th, 1864. At 10 A. M., took 10 grains of the first dec.
trituration of the dried nut; 11 A. M., neuralgic pain in the region of
causality (right), darts towards the left, with a constrictive feeling of
the skin of the forehead, followed by flying pains in the epigastric
region (lower right lobe of the liver); constrictive feeling of the
fauces; 12 m., neuralgic pain in the region of the heart lasted one
minute, with frequent pains in the epigastric region. Dull, aching
pain in the small of the back, very much aggravated by walking.
1 P. M., there has been very frequent neuralgic pains in the region of
the apex of the heart and stomach, with a severe, dull, aching pain in
the lumbar region. 4 P. M., constant, dull, aching pain in the small
of the back, aggravated by motion-took 20 grs. 5 r. M.. slight
frontal headache, acrid constrictive feeling in the fauces-there has
been frequent sharp pains in the region of the apex of the heart and
stomach, constant, quite severe, aching pain from the pit of the stom
ach to the right lobe of the liver, slight backache, knees ache
severely. 10 P. M., there has been frequent flying pains in the fore-
head and temples, feeling as if something had lodged in the fauces
that produces a constant inclination to swallow, good deal of distress
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
31
in the stomach, and flying pains in the bowels, very severe and
constant backache, knees ache severely-took 20 grs., no stool.
15th. Called up three times through the night, back ached very
hard all night, and is still aching; 7 A. M., took 20 grs.; 12 M., dull
frontal headache, fauces feeling very dry and constricted, burning dis-
tress in the stomach, frequent eructations of air, very tired and
languid, back aches severely. 9 P. M., there has been frequent pains
in the umbilical and hypogastric regions all day, but they were not
very severe, dull headache; no stool.
16th. Up most of the night with the sick; very hard and dry
stool at 7 A. M., followed by colicky pain in the umbilicus, and severe
cutting pains in the anus. Took 10 grs. at 9 A. M. 10:30-For the
last hour there has been constant burning distress in the epigastric
and umbilicus regions, with a very severe aching pain in the lumbar
region, very painful when trying to walk; occasional neuralgic pains
in the forehead and apex of the heart; dry feeling of the fauces with
frequent inclination to swallow. 11 A. M., dull frontal headache ;
severe constrictive feeling of the fauces, with frequent inclination to
swallow; constant burning distress, with a constrictive feeling of the
lower part of the chest; frequent pains in apex of the heart; con-
stant, dull, aching distress in the umbilical region, with a very severe
headache; walking is very painful. 12-Pulse 68, soft and weak;
dull frontal headache, with fluent coryza; constant burning distress
in the stomach; dull, aching pain in the lumbar region; took 40 grs.
3 P. M., slight frontal headache, with great tightness of the skin of
the forehead. At 1 P. M. there was great constriction of the fauces,
with great irritation of the epiglottis that produced a dry hacking
cough; does not trouble me now; there has been constant burning
distress in the stomach and bowels, with a severe fluttering sensation
in the pit of the stomach, lasting five minutes at a time; came on five
different times; empty eructations; frequent dull aching pains in the
right hypochondriac region; dull pains in the umbilicus, sometimes
they are very sharp; constant dull backache; weariness in the small
of the back; tearing pains in the small of the back and hips when
walking; weariness, with faintness at the pit of the stomach. 5 P.
M., dull headache; frequent neuralgic pains in the fauces, with fre-
quent inclination to swallow; constant burning distress in the
stomach severe aching pain in the lumbar region. 9 P. M.-Frequent
twitching of the muscles under the left eye; stomach and bowels
distress me very much.
17th. Was up all night with my wife who has a violent attack of
32
NEW REMEDIES.
diphtheria, compelled to stop my provings; feeling very much pros-
trated; back aching violently; walking is almost impossible; great
desire for stool. At 5 A. M., a very hard and dry knotty stool, voided
with great difficulty; violent backache all day; almost impossible to
get up after sitting down.
18th. Slight backache all day; no stool.
19th. Hard stool, followed by a prolapsed feeling of the anus.
20th. No stool.
21st.
Natural stool.
22d. Feeling well; took 20 grs. of the pure pulverized nut at
10:30 A. M.
11 A. M.-Severe smarting of the eyes; tongue feeling
as if it had been scalded, with great constriction of the fauces; con-
stant dull pain in the region of the naval. 11:45 A. M.-Severe
neuralgic pain in the region of the heart; it is so painful that it
arrests the breathing; lasted 10 minutes; dull aching pain in the
right hypochondriac region; back commencing to ache severely. 12
M.-Dull frontal headache, with a constricted feeling of the skin of
the forehead; great dryness of the fauces, with frequent inclination
to swallow; dull burning distress in the stomoch; severe neuralgic
pain in the right inguinal region; constant backache, affecting the
sacrum and hips, very much aggravated by walking and stooping
forward; pulse 70. 3 P. M.-Slight frontal headache; great dryness
of the fauces; constant and severe burning in the stomach, with a
very severe backache in the lumbar region. 6 P. M.-There has been
frequent flying pains in the forehead and temples all day; fauces
feeling constricted, with frequent dull pains on each side of the
tonsils; they look very dark and congested; frequent eructations;
constant burning distress in the stomach; frequent and long, lasting,
dull pains in the right hypochondriac region; dull backache. 9 r. M.
-Great distress in the umbilical and hypogastric regions, and a very
urgent desire for stool, with rumbling in the bowels; a very large
and hard stool, voided with great difficulty, followed by severe pains
in the anus, with a feeling as if a portion of the anus was protruded,
accompanied with dull pains in the umbilical and hypogastric regions;
this feeling lasted all night and until late in the morning, with a very
severe backache in the lower part of the lumbar and sacral regions.
23d. Slept soundly; feeling quite well, excepting a feeling as if
a portion of the anus was prolapsed, with a dull backache; flat slimy
taste in the mouth. 9 A. M., took 30 grs. 11 A. M.-Frequent flying
pains through the temples; profuse secretion of mucus in the nostrils,
with coryza. The acridity in the mouth and fauces is very slight;
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
33
constant and severe burning distress in the stomach, with an inclina-
tion to vomit; constant dull, aching pain in the right hypochondriac
region, and region of the gall bladder; burning, aching distress in
the umbilicus; constant dull pain across the hips and sacrum; sharp
pains in the region of the apex of the heart. 3 P. M.-Feeling very
depressed and low spirited; constant dull, burning, aching pain in the
epigastric and umbilical regions; the greatest pain is in the pyloric
portion of the stomach; at 4:30 P. M. took 30 grains. 6 P. M.-Great
congestion of the tonsils and soft palate; frequent sharp, neuralgic
pains in the region of the heart, with a great burning in the same
region; constant and very severe burning in the stomach and bowels ;
very hard to endure the burning distress; feeling faint and weak;
very severe backache, worse by motion. 9 P. M.-Frequent flying
pains in the temples; constant dull, burning pain in the pyloric por-
tion of the stomach; constant dull pains in the right hypochondriac
region, aggravated by walking; dull pains in the umbilicus; very
urgent desire for stool. 7 P. M.-Very hard, dry stool, followed by
pain in the anus; frequent stitches in the region of the heart; dull
aching pain in the sacrum.
24th. Slept well, but awoke three times and found I had a dull,
burning pain in the stomach; sweet, flat, slimy taste in the mouth;
tongue very much coated yellow; fauces congested; constant dull
pain in the cardiac portion of the stomach; very severe pain in the
small of the back and hips when getting up, not much after moving a
minute or so; pulse 76. 10 A. M.-Severe burning distress in the
stomach (superior cardiac portion). Took 30 grs. 12 m.; pulse 72;
constant burning, aching distress in the epigastric region, with
constant dull, aching pains in the right hypochondriac region; constant
dull backache; frequent pains in the region of the apex of the heart
and between the shoulders. 2 P. M.-Great desire for stool; stool,
first part black and hard, the last part about the natural consistence,
but almost white as milk, showing that the secretion of bile is almost
completely suspended; the stool was followed by severe tearing pains
in the anus; constant burning distress in the epigastric region; the
small of my back aches so severely that it is almost impossible to
stoop down, or to get up when sitting down. 4 P. M., took 40 grains.
6 P. M. Severe congestion of the tonsils and soft palate, with a con-
stant aching distress in them; constant aching, burning distress in
the epigastrium; constant dull, aching distress in the right lower
lobe of the liver; the backache is very severe when moving. 9 P. M.
-Constant aching distress in the tonsils and fauces, with frequent
3
34
NEW REMEDIES.
inclination to swallow; the burning, aching distress in the epigastrium
is almost unendurable, it makes me feel very faint and weak; constant
dull, aching distress in the right lobe of the liver; great pain in the
back and hips when trying to move; legs aching severely, feeling so
weak that I must lie down all the time.
25th. Slept soundly; feeling so weak, and my back pains me so
much when trying to move, that it is with great difficulty that I can
get up; moving produces violent pains in the sacrum and hips; very
severe frontal headache; flat, bitter taste in the mouth; tongue coated
yellowish white; tonsils and soft palate very much congested, but no
enlargement; constant pain in the cardiac portion of the stomach;
dull, aching distress in the right liver; urine very high colored;
good deal of dull, aching pain between the shoulders. 12 M., have
had a very hard frontal headache all day; back and legs have ached
so severely that I was compelled to lie down all the forenoon; feeling
very feverish, hands hot and dry; pulse 66, soft and weak; disposi
tion to stretch and yawn all the time; feeling as if I had the ague;
great deal of distress in the epigastrium and liver. 3 P M.-Feeling
very weary and low-spirited. Took 30 grs.
Took 30 grs. 6 P. M.-Constant
distress in the stomach, with frequent pains through the bowels; back
pains severely when moving. 9 P. M.-Great desire for stool; stool
about natural consistence, followed by a prolapsed feeling of the anus.
26th. Slept soundly; back pains me when first moving, otherwise
feeling well. 10 A. M.-Slight pain in the epigastrium; took 60 grs.
11 A. M.-For the last half hour there has been a constant dull, ach
ing, burning pain in the region of the heart; pulse 66, soft and
regular; constant aching distress in the tonsils; frequent inclination
to swallow; constant pain in the stomach and right lower lobe of the
liver; very severe pain in the lumbar-sacral region when stooping;
dull, aching distress in the dorsal region ; feeling very faint and weak.
5 P. M.-Dull pain in the tonsils, with frequent inclination to swallow;
the tonsils are congested of a very dark color; constant dull and very
severe aching pain just below the pit of the stomach, which produces
a very weak, faint feeling; it is very hard to endure the distress;
constant dull, aching distress in the right lobe of the liver, and
between the shoulders along the dorsal region; dull pain when moving
in the lumbar in the lumbar-sacral region; frequent rumbling in the
bowels. 9. P. M.-Stool about natural consistence, but very white,
showing a great deficiency of bile; constant dull pain in the liver
and back.
27th. Slept well; feeling quite well excepting good deal of pain
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
35
in the lumbar-sacral region when moving. 7 P. M.-For the last two
hours there has been constant very severe pain about and just below
the pyloric extremity of the stomach; severe pain in the sacrum and
hips when moving; a very dry stool at 9 P. M., voided with difficulty;
dull pains in the right lobe of the liver and dorsal region.
28th. Back is feeling very stiff when moving: dull pains in the
small of the back and sacral region; constant dull aching pain in the
right hypochondriac region, with frequent pains in the stomach all day,
with constant desire for stool; had two soft stools, without giving relief
to the desire for stool; feeling very sad.
29th. Slept well; constant dull, aching pain in the right lobe o
the liver all day, with frequent pains in the stomach and bowels. and
constant desire to stool; stool at noon very black and soft, without
relieving the desire for stool.
April 1st. There is still a good deal of pain in the lumbar region,
with soft, mushy stool.
I believe if I had used nothing but the first trituration it would
have produced large hæmorrhoidal tumors, the large doses that I
took kept the bowels too loose. Not one of our remedies produce so
many and so stron lv marked symptoms of hæmorrhoids as the
Esculus.
Prover healthy;
P ›VINGS BY C. II. LEE, M. D.
mperament nervous-sanguine.
December 26, 1863. Took one drop of the third attenuation.
December 27. Ilt drowsy; tongue coated white.
December 28. Very dull and stupid. disposition to sleep all the
time; felt weak; very severe lancinating headache at the base of the
brain, as if too full; white coating on the tongue; borborygmus and
flatus which was foetid; abdomen swollen and tympanitic; took two
drachms.
December 29. Same symptoms as yesterday, with sore throat,
which was inflamed; throat felt hot; worse on left side; left tonsil
very much swollen and painful on deglutition; stools of a light brown
color and very soft-frequent, but not to extent of a diarrhea; no
appetite; no more of the drug taken.
December 30. Same symptoms as above, but worse; about 4 o'clock,
P. M., severe chill which lasted three hours; heat of the fire relieved
me; from 7 to 12 at night very high fever; pulse abont 130; no
thirst during the chill or fever, but rather an increase of saliva; head
aches all over as if it would burst; photophobia; profuse hot perspira-
tion with the fever; dyspnoea with rapid breathing; lungs feel heavy
36
NEW REMEDIES.
and as if they were engorged; heart's action, very rapid and heavy-
would jar me while lying down, and could feel the pulsation all over
the body; my stomach felt as if it would fall down into the intestines;
urine scanty and of mahogany color, and as it passed through the
urethra it burned like hot water; a sore spot on the right parietal
bone, which upon pressure, felt as if a knife was piercing through ;
took no medicine to-day.
December 31. Fever gone; pulse about ninety; neck very stiff
and swollen; both tonsils swollen and of a fiery red color; difficult
deglutition; head not aching so much, but is worse on stooping or
getting up from a chair; breathing more natural; spitting of blood on
getting up in the morning; no cough; stools hard and dark brown;
urine not so high colored, with dark brown sediment; took none of the
drug.
January 1, 1864. I have severe shooting pains in the left temple;
eyes of a pinkish hue; dull pain in the region of the spleen; stools
hard: no other symptoms.
January 2. Stools soft; urine yellow, with a thick, white mucus
sediment; took four drops of the tincture.
January 3 and 4. Appearance of hæmorrhoids like ground nuts,
of a purple color; very painful, and with sensation of burning-(the
prover never had hæmorrhoids before).
January 6. Felt a dryness in the soft palate; a fullness in the
head; stools natural; urine dark, some little sediment; took eight
drops.
January 8. Throat dry as if it was scraped, and swollen; borboryg-
mus; flatus fœtid; took one drachm.
January 10. Dryness of the back part of throat, severe headache
as if the head would split; desire to pass water often, but little at a
time.
January 11. Symptoms same as above; dry, burning sensation
of the fauces and palate; a quantity of thick, yellow phlegm in the
mouth; tongue coated yellow; bowels loose; stools brown; urine
scanty, and dark brown, no sediment; pulse hard and frequent; dull,
aching pain in the elbow joint of left arm; took no more of the drug.
January 12. Symptoms begin to diminish.
14. No symptoms.
Nervous System.-The action of this drug on the nervous system
is not yet established. Whether it primarily irritates the nervous
centres to the extent of causing spasms, I cannot determine. It seems
to cause a peculiar condition of the motor nerves, which is manifested
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
37
by the paralytic sensations. The constipation seems to me to be due
to congestion of the mucous membrane, rather than torpor of the
motor nerves
I can find no record of cases of poisoning by the horse-chestnut,
upon which to base any deductions.
Mucous Membrane.-The mucous surfaces of the air passages
and alimentary canal, seem to be uniformly influenced by the drug.
It is eminently a condition of congestive irritation, resulting in cough,
coryza, asthma, (humid) diarrhoea and dysentery (hæmorrhoidal).
Glandular System.-It does not seem to affect the glands, except
the salivary, and this may be due to its local irritant action. It rather
seems to repress the acute glandular secretions in general.
Vascular System." The chills and rigors, stupifying sleep, con-
fusion and dullness of the head, congestion of the liver and spleen,
palpitation and impeded respiration, indicate an accumulation of blood
in the central parts of the organism.
"
The burning in the eyes, fluent coryza, water in the mouth,
burning in the throat, nausea and eructations, the evident bronchitis
and hæmorrhoidal disturbance, indicate congestion of the capillary
vessels, chiefly, we believe, venous congestion."-(Dr. Buchman.}
Its influence on the hæmorrhoidal and portal system of veins is
undoubted.
General Symptoms.-Feeling of extreme illness. Great weak-
ness. Totters when walking (2). Weariness (3). Fatigued feeling,
as from a long walk. Sensation as if she would faint. General
feeling of malaise. Feeling of prostration of the whole system.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Allopathic physicians claim to find this
medicine a tonic in some instances. If the ensemble of the symptoms
compared, it will doubtless be useful as a recuperative remedy.
Sleep.-Inclination to sleep. Yawning and stupefying sleepiness.
Constant yawning (2). Falls asleep when sitting. Sleep for a quar-
ter of an hour. Slept well.
Slept well. Sleeps sound, but wakes with dull
pressing pain in stomach.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-The symptoms of sleep are such as
accompany torpor of the liver and digestive organs.
Fever.-Chilliness and goose-skin. Attack of rigor, lasting ten
minutes. Cannot get warm. Rigor for half an hour. Rigors.
General perspiration. Heat in the whole body. Dull pain in the
occiput, with flashes of heat in the integuments of the occiput, back
of the neck and shoulders. Feel very feverish; hands hot and dry ;
pulse 66, soft and weak; disposition to stretch and yawn all the time;
feeling as if I had the ague, with weakness and lowness of spirits.
38
NEW REMEDIES.
Sensorium. On waking cannot recognize what she sees; knows
not where she is, nor whence come the objects about her (2). Inward
cheerfulness and placidity of temper. Feels miserably; cross; dis-
inclination to perform any labor. Feels very sad. Vertigo, very
annoying, all the afternoon.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. It is homoeopathic to those mental
symptoms, such as hypochondriasis, etc., which attend certain so-called
bilious states of the system, with constipation, piles and torpor of the
liver.
Aching in the
Sensation as if
Vertigo, with
Head.-Feeling as if a board were on the head.
forehead. Feeling as during a cold in the head.
intoxicated. Confusion of the head (2). Giddiness.
sensation of balancing in the head. Formication in the front of the
temple. Heaviness in the head. Heat in the head and eyes. Head-
ache over the left eye (2). Headache over the right eye. Dull pains
in the head, here and there, chiefly in the right temple and occiput,
followed by dull stitches in the forehead and left temple. Dull pres-
sure in the forehead. Throbbing in the right frontal eminence. Fine
stitches in the left temple. Dull pain in the left temple. Sharp
pressing pain in the right temple. Dull stupefying pain in the head.
Dull pain in the occiput (3). Bruised feeling in the occiput. Heat
in the integuments of the occiput (3). Heat extending from the
occiput to the ears (2). Headache in the upper part of the head,
uniform and constant. A sensation of fullness and pressure, rather
than acute pain. Neuralgic pain in region of causality. Dull frontal
headache, with fluent coryza.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is homœopathic to catarrhal, bilious,
gastric and hæmorrhoidal headaches; also to myalgia of the muscles
of the occiput and scalp, which are so apt to occur in dibilitated states
of the system.
Eyes.--Burning in the internal canthi. Burning and stinging
deep in the left orbit, as if the pain surrounded the eye-ball. Weight
and heat in the eyes. Coldness in the left eye. Jerking in the right
eye. Quivering of the lids. Lachrymation (2). Flickering before
the eyes (2). Can see well at a distance; can read without spectacles,
which she could not do before. Severe smarting of the eyes.
Ears. Burning of the ears. Heat in the occiput, extending to
Ears.-Burning
the ears.
Nose.—Severe
Nose. Severe fluent coryza (8). Burning in the nostril. Raw
feeling throughout the whole nasal cavity. The nasal mucus becomes
watery. Thin mucus from the nose, causing a frequent use of the
pocket-handkerchief. Dry feeling and sensation of heat in the nose,
•
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
39
especially its point, as when a severe coryza is about to come on.
Disposition to sneeze. Feeling as after having taken a pinch of snuff.
Formication in the nose (3). Sensitiveness of the nasal mucous
membrane to the respired air (3). The respired air causes a feeling
of coldness in the nose (2). Drawing in the right nostril, as in violent
coryza. Twisting sensation in the front part of the nose. Shooting
pain in the head. Profuse secretion of mucus in the nostrils; coryza
Fluent coryza with headache. Sensation of swelling of the nasal
mucous membrane, as if from taking cold.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Old-school physicians have used the
powdered nut as a "sternutatory." It acts specifically, in dynamic
doses, upon the nasal mucous membrane, and is clearly indicated in
coryza, catarrh, etc.
Face-Looks ill. Pale, miserable appearance (2). Flying heat.
and redness of the left side of the face (2). Burning in the left
cheek. Frequent twitching of the muscles under the left eye.
Mouth. The taste was something like that of aloes. Bitter taste
(3). Coppery taste, acting as an astringent in the mouth and oesopha
gus; at first bitter, then sweet. Sweetish taste (6), as after taking
Dulcamara-like liquorice. Burning in the mouth (3). Biting and
stinging at the tip of the tongue. Increased flow of saliva (9),
producing an inclination to swallow. Tongue feeling as if it had been
scalded, with feeling of constriction of the fauces. Flat, slimy taste
in the mouth. Sweet taste, with yellow coated tongue. Bitter taste,
with yellowish-white coated tongue. Metallic taste in the mouth.
Soreness of the top of the tongue like that produced by ulcers.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems to cause salivation quite
uniformly. This symptom, together with its power of causing gastric
disturbances, would imply its usefulness in water brash with pyrosis.
Throat.-Contractive pain in the throat (2). Sort of constricted
scraped sensation, causing a disposition to hawk. Irritation in the
throat and oesophagus. All the throat was excoriated and constricted.
Dryness and contraction of the throat. Dryness in the throat.
Burning in the throat (12), like fire, when swallowing; at one time.
slight, then severe; with raw feeling. Constant shooting and raw
pain in the throat. Scraping sensation in the throat. The mucus in
the throat becomes thinner. Hawking of thick (2), afterwards watery
mucus. Frequent call to expectorate mucus, which becomes watery.
The mucus in the throat excites a cough.
causing a cough. Inclination to swallow.
Dull pressing and pricking in the fauces.
in the fauces. Stinging and burning in the soft palate and posterior
Tickling in the throat (2),
Formication in the fauces.
Biting and stinging pain
40
NEW REMEDIES
nares. Increased pain in the throat, after eating a grape. Feeling
as if something had lodged in the fauces, with constant inclination to
swallow. Fauces feels very dry; great irritation of the epiglottis,
that produces a dry hacking cough. Frequent neuralgic (?) pains in
the fauces. Dull pains on each side of the tonsils. Tonsils look very
dark and congested. Great congestion of tonsils and soft palate, with
constant aching distress in them, and constant inclination to swallow,
but no enlargement of the tonsils.-(Burt.) [NOTE.-The latter
symptoms are partly due to the local irritant action of the drug, but
may be caused by the general action, as used.] Dry feeling in throat,
followed by secretion of mucus, quite like the second stages of catarrh.
Constant desire to swallow, with feeling of dryness and stiffness of
the throat when swallowing. Increase of secretion from the sub-
maxillary glands. Dr. Ernst F. Hofmann says that he has taken the
Esculus h. several times; each time it produced throat difficulty
very soon after taking it; heat, dryness, smarting, desire to swallow
and inflammation.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Its action on the fauces and throat
strongly remind one of Iris versicolor, and Mercurius iodatus. The
practical physician will readily see that there are many conditions of
the throat, of a catarrhal, congestive, or nervous character, wherein
this drug will prove curative.
Stomach and Gastric Symptoms.-Nausea (15). Retching (2).
Inclination to vomit. Violent vomiting. Burning in the stomach (4)
Heart-burn for half an hour. Water brash. Eructations of wind
(16); of mucus; of thick mucus; of viscid mucus (2); empty cruc-
tations. Flying heat before the eructation. Fullness of the stomach
(3). Periodical tightness in the scrobiculus cordis, with labored
breathing. Twisting in the scrobiculus cordis. Aching and rum-
bling in the stomach. Cutting stomach-ache. The aching in the
stomach extends. Comfortable feeling in the stomach. Hunger.
Flying pains in the epigastric region. Sharp pains in the region of
the apex of the heart and stomach: Aching pain from pit of the
stomach to right lobe of the liver. Distress in stomach. Burning
distress in stomach, with eructations of air. Severe fluttering sensa-
tion in the pit of the stomach, lasting five minutes at a time.
Weariness, with faintness at pit of stomach. Burning in stomach,
with inclination to vomit. Pain (dull, burning) in pyloric portion of
the stomach and bowels. Dull pain in cardiac portion of the stomach.
Burning in superior cardiac portion of the stomach,
The burning,
aching distress in stomach is almost unendurable, making him feel
faint and weak. Severe pain for two hours, just below the pyloric
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
41
extremity of the stomach. The pain and distress in stomach and
bowels is attended with constant desire for stool.-(Burt.) Early in
the morning, feeling of emptiness and gnawing in the stomach After
eating the stomach feels full, as if the walls were greatly thickened.
Considerable pain in the stomach for four or five hours after eating,
which continues until after taking food again. Dyspepsia. Sick
feeling in the stomach all day, with increase of appetite.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Its effects upon the gastric mucous
membrane are similar to those of Arsenicum, Carbo veg., Nux vomica
and Iris v. Besides the symptoms of local irritation, we have those
of a reflex character. It will be found useful in sub-acute gastritis,
pyrosis, cardialgia, etc., of an idiopathic origin, but in very many
conditions of irritation due to defective action of the liver, intestinal
derangements and hæmorrhoidal affections. Many varieties of gastric
disorder, usually denominated dyspepsia, will be treated successfully
with the Esculus hippocastanum.
Abdomen.-Constricted feeling in the bowels. Cramp-like con-
striction in the bowels, followed by stool (the fourth time). Griping
in the bowels (2). Cramps in the bowels. Motions, preceded by
pain in the bowels. Pinching below the navel. Fine pricking pains
around the umbilicus. Pain from the bowels to the small of the back.
Burning in the bowels. Pressing downwards in the abdomen. Rum-
bling in the bowels, half an hour, without pain. Distention of the
abdomen. Pain in the hypochondria, through to the back, especially
on inspiration. Tearing pain in the right side, above the hip, deeply
seated. Stitches in the left side. Fine stitching in the left hypo-
chondrium. Cutting in the left inguinal region.
hypogastrium. Flying pains in the bowels.
umbilicus, and severe cutting pains in anus.
region. Dull aching in umbilical region, with severe headache.
Distress in umbilical and hypogastric region, with urgent desire for
stool, and rumbling in bowels. The pains in the abdomen are gener-
ally attended with pain in the stomach and desire for stool. Neuralgic
pain in right inguinal region.
Rumbling in the
Colicky pains in the
Burning in umbilical
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It affects the intestines similarly to
Aloes, Leptandria, Nux vomica and Sulphur. The pathological
condition is not so much inflammation, as capillary congestion, result-
ing in torpor of the functions of the mucous membrane. It may
prove useful in certain forms of colic, of the congestive or flatulent
character.
Liver, etc.—Colic, with pinching pains in right hypochondrium.
Stitches in right hypochondrium. Flying pain in right lower lobe of
liver (3). Dull aching pains in the right hypochondriac region and
42
NEW REMEDIES.
region of the gall-bladder. (This pain was persistent through the
whole proving.) The pains in the liver are aggravated by walking.
Aching in right lobe of liver, and between the shoulders along the
dorsal region. White and soft stool.
It
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Burt thinks it almost entirely
suspends the action of the liver, and arrests the secretion of bile. If
white stools are proof, it may be so. It seems to cause about the
same condition as Aloes, Leptandria, Mercury, Carbo veg., etc. It
seems to cause primarily what those drugs cause secondarily.
may cause such intense congestion of the liver, as to suspend its
secretory functions. It causes a group of symptoms, namely, faint-
ness at the stomach, pain in liver, hæmorrhoids, etc., which indicate
torpor and congestion (passive) of the portal system.
Rectum and Stools.-Eructations of wind, with desire to go to
stool. Three moderate focal evacuations half an hour after taking
the drug. Four loose evacuations within a quarter of an hour. In
two hours several thin evacuations. In two hours after taking the
drug, two moderate evacuations. Constant urging to stool, after two
hours. Pressure in the rectum, with desire to go to stool. Ineffect-
ual efforts to stool. Difficult scanty stool. Difficult hard stool,
followed by burning and constriction in the rectum. Constriction in
the rectum (2). Itching in the anus (2); with raw feeling. Stool
of a mixed character. Two liquid motions, preceded by griping.
Motions preceded by pinching in the bowels. Frequent expulsion of
flatus (2). The usual stool did not take place (2). No stool (first
two days). On the third day of proving, very hard and dry stool at
7 A. M., followed by colicky pain in umbilicus, and severe cutting pains
On the fourth day, constant desire for stool, which, when
voided, was very hard, dry, knotty and difficult. No stool on fifth
day. Sixth day, hard stool, followed by prolapsed feeling of the anus.
Seventh day, no stool. Natural stool on eighth day. Ninth day,
urgent desire for stool, with rumbling in the bowels, all day. Stool
was very large, hard and difficult, followed by severe pain in the anus,
with a feeling as if a portion of the anus was protruding, accompan-
ied with dull pains in umbilical and hypogastric region. This feeling
lasted all night and until late the next morning, with a severe back-
ache in the lower part of the lumbar and sacral region. Tenth day,
stool hard. Eleventh day, the stool was first black and hard, the last
portion about the natural consistence, but almost white as milk.
("Showing that the secretion of bile was almost suspended.”—Burt.)
Twelfth day, stool about the natural consistence, followed by prolapsed
feelin of the anus. Thirteenth day, stool natural consistence, but
in anus.
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
43
very white. Fourteenth day, stool very hard and difficult. Fifteenth
day, two soft stools, without giving relief to the desire for stools.
Sixteenth day, stool very black and soft. The last few days of the
proving the stools were soft and mushy. [From the crude drug.]—
(Burt.) Constant tendency to diarrhoea for two days; almost constant
inclination to stool, but without any, or very slight, evacuations.
Dryness and itching in the rectum, with feeling of stiffness of the
skin and adjacent cellular tissues, continuing for several days. Diar-
rhoea the day after a dose of 20 grs. of the first dec. trit. Diarrhœa
of ingesta. For several days following there was a sensation as if
the mucous membrane of the rectum was thickened, obstructing the
passage of fæces. Dryness of the passage for several days, followed
by a secretion of moisture. Soreness of the rectum, with a feeling
as if something would pass off all the time. Dry, uncomfortable
feeling in the rectum, which feels as if it were filled with small sticks.
Desire for a passage from the bowels without result. Desire to
remain at stool a long time, with straining. Excessive dryness of
the rectum, with feeling of heat. Nausea immediately, with ineffect-
ual attempts to evacuate the bowels. Feeling in the rectum as
though folds of the mucous membrane obstructed the passage, and as
if, were the effort continued, the rectum would protrude. Soreness
of the rectum, with increased secretion of mucus.-(Boyce.) Pres-
sure in the rectum, with inclination to stool, with empty eructations.
Copious, soft stool, followed by burning, and a feeling of swelling
and constriction of the rectum. Soreness, aching and fullness of the
rectum. Appearance of hæmorrhoids, like ground nuts, of a purple
color, very painful, and with a sensation of burning. (The prover,
Dr. Lee, never had hæmorrhoids before.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Probably no agent in the whole range
of the Materia Medica, produces such an array of symptoms relating
to the rectum and its tissues, as the Esculus hippocastanum. It may
be well in this place to offer some remarks relating to the sphere of
action of this medicine. A careful study of its pathogenesis would
lead us to one of two conclusions: (a) that it affected the whole
system of mucous membranes in a peculiar manner, citing up therein
congestion (venous) with irritation, and that this action was the cause
of the whole phenomena, or (b) that the starting point of its action
was in the portal system, the circulation of which is deranged in a
peculiar and profound manner, and from this cause proceeded the
gastric, hepatic, intestinal and rectal symptoms. It is difficult to
hold to one explanation, to the exclusion of the other. I leave it to
those who are fond of speculative medicine to unravel and analyze its
action. It is a satisfaction to the investigating physician to know
NEW REMEDIES.
the pathological conditions caused by the remedy he prescribes, but
in the present state of that science it is not possible. The symptoms
of Esculus are so graphic and unvarying, that if we prescribe it for
such symptoms we shall not be disappointed in effecting a cure, if we
do not know the cause of the condition for which we administer it.
Its symptoms of “rectum" and "stools" are quite similar to those
of Aloes. It does not seem to cause profuse evacuations; they are
not thin, watery or bilious, but generally papescent, natural in color,
or white. It requires large doses to prove laxative. It differs from
Aloes in not causing bilious stools. But it will be noticed, that
whether the stools be wanting, hard and difficult, or loose and easy,
any attempt at stool, or any evacuation, is invariably followed by the
peculiar uncomfortable sensations of constriction, protrusion, fullness,
aching, dryness, itching, pricking, tenesmus, pains, etc., in the rectum
and anus, also in the back. No other drug has these symptoms so
prominently. The Esculus is certainly capable, under the law of
similia, of becoming one of our most valuable remedies in many
diseases of the lower intestines.
*
Since the appearance of the provings of Esculus in the first
edition of "New Remedies," a large amount of testimony in favor of
its value in hæmorrhoidal affections, has appeared in nearly all the
various journals. Dr. Richard Hughes writes: "My experience
with it here, (in hæmorrhoidal affections) has been very satisfactory.
It accords with the pathogenetic indications in defining the kind of
piles against which Esculus is useful. There is little tendency to
hæmorrhage, but much severe fullness and bearing down, with consti-
pation. It acts but in those cases where the orthodox Nux and
Sulphur seem indicated, but as sometimes happens, fail to cure. I
have found it curative in both acute and chronic cases." Dr.
Dr. Hughes
gives one particularly interesting case, in which this remedy, pre-
scribed in the 2d decimal dilution, gave great and permanent relief.
The symptoms as related by the patient were, "I am about forty-
eight years of age. I first began to suffer when thirteen years old,
I fancy, from being one of the great number of girls with small
accommodation, hence waiting and costiveness, the bowels only
relieved once a week or so. I should say that constipation is hered-
itary on both sides. For a few years I was constantly taking medicine
to relieve the bowels. The pain was nothing particular, and there
was but a small protrusion. Matters grew worse from the age of
twenty-five to that of thirty-four, when I was attacked with the first
dreadful, very dreadful, pain. I could not sit, stand or lie. The
only possible position was kneeling. This lasted for many weeks in
the winter, in the summer it was, as always, better. For about two
years the pain was bad, off and on. I then used leeches, which eased
the severe pain, but still it was bad. The next very severe attack
was in 1862. It lasted for weeks and returned in 1863. The pain
was like a knife sawing backwards and forwards, almost a martyrdom
for agony. I took Belladonna, Pulsatilla, Aconite and Mercurius,
* British Journal of Homœopathy, No. 92, page 249.
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
45
At
with no benefit. Was recommended some stuff to apply, which
relieved a little. Again in 1864 things became very bad; much
pain, the bowels always waiting to be relieved." In the November
of that year I was consulted by this lady. I prescribed Æsculus
hippocastanum, in the second centesimal dilution, three drops to be
taken in a wineglass-full of water, morning and evening. Her report
continues-"I took the Esculus. At the end of one week I was a
degree better; after another better still, and so on for a month.
the end of this time I was wonderfully better. The medicine seemed
to relieve the bowels, and cause the protrusion to be soft. I left it
off for a time, and when the pain returned again badly, took the
medicine and became relieved. I have taken nearly a bottle (two
drachms) since November, on and off. I only take it when I am bad
and cannot sleep for pain. The protrusion always remains. I feel so
grateful to you for the advice and relief given me." I have written
to recommend this lady to take this medicine regularly, and have
every hope of its effecting an entire cure.
Dr. Richard Hughes subsequently reported the following:
'In the last number of this journal, I narrated a case in
which Æsculus had gone far to cure a case of painful hæmorrhoids of
many years' standing. Since the publication of the above, I have
heard again from the patient. She writes, "I have now taken the
Esculus as before,' three drops of the 2d dilution in water twice
daily, 'for another month, and may fairly call myself well. I have
no pain, and the protrusion is nothing but a flabby piece of skin.
Should the symptoms ever return, I shall fly to the medicine, but I
hope never to require it.'
"The two following cases illustrate its efficacy in the acute form
of the disease:
1. Richard S, æt 20, called upon me one day, stating that he
had been suffering with piles for a week. The bowels were rather
costive, but there was no bleeding. His health is good. I gave him
nine drops of Æsculus³, in three ounces of water, a dessert-spoonful
to be taken three times a day. By the time he had taken half the
bottle, (i. e. in about thirty-six hours) all symptoms ef piles had
vanished and he discontinued the medicine.
"2. Mrs. F―, æt 60. Years ago was a martyr to hæmorrhoids.
Each attack would last from six to ten months, during which time she
could rarely leave the recumbent posture. Since adopting homœo-
pathy, the bowels had acted with much greater regularity, and the
hæmorrhoidal attacks had been absent. On May 22d I was called to
see her. I found her in bed, suffering intensely from several large
piles, which seemed quite to block up the rectum. The bowels had
been confined for several days in the preceding week; and on the 20th
the old hæmorrhoidal symptoms had supervened, and were increasing
in intensity. There was little or no bleeding. She anticipated many
weeks of suffering. I gave her a drop of Esculus, every four
hours. Next morning there was improvement rather than the reverse.
On the 24th she was decidedly better. She said, 'Are you giving
46
NEW REMEDIES.
me an aperient? my bowels are acting so comfortably.' On the 25th
she was well and about the house, and I took my leave.
“These cases illustrate also the precise form of the disease for
which Esculus is specific. When the piles are only secondary to
existing portal or other intra-abdominal congestion, it will probably
be inferior to Nux and Sulphur. When they are associated with
symptoms of varicosis elsewhere, and bleed much, Hamamelis will
be a better remedy. But when the only connected symptoms or appre-
ciable cause is constipation, and there is much pain but little bleeding,
Esculus seems pretty likely to cure.
Dr. C. H. Lee relates the following: "I was called, a few months
ago, to see a man, suffering intensely from hæmorrhoids. He could
not sit in a chair, walk, nor lie on his back. The only way he was
relieved was by lying on his face. The tumors, three in number,
protruded out in the shape of ground nuts, about three-quarters of
an inch in length, of a blue-purple color. There were sharp, shooting,
cutting pains, through them, running up into the sacrum; severe
aching pain in the back. He was always troubled with constipation,
not having a passage from his bowels from three to four days, for a
few years back. He is of a nervo-sanguine temperament. I admin-
istered the crude tincture of Esculus hippoc., a powder, to be taken
every hour, until better. On taking the first powder, he exclaimed—
'Oh! Doctor, that's the awfulest medicine I ever took,' After taking
the third powder, he sent word that he felt better. He continued
taking the powders every two hours. In two days after, he was well
and walking around town. His bowels since have become more
natural and move every day.
I had also another case with the same symptoms, only much worse,
patient very much prostrated and losing flesh. Gave him the same
remedy and he was cured. In neither case has there been a return
of the complaint.
Dr. George Logan says: "I have used this remedy in several
cases ef hæmorrhoids, with remarkable effect. The cases were of
recent origen, (blind piles) a fold of mucous membrane protruding to
the size of an ounce bullet. Gave five drops of the tincture every
two hours, and used an ointment of the same to the tumor, afterwards
returning it, directing the patients to return it whenever it protruded.
The first day the effect is not very decided, but in two or three days
it is very marked indeed."
Dr. A. A. Bancroft, of De Witt, Mich., reports two cases.
CASE I. The first patient, a lady aged forty-three, had been
treated by allopaths and eclectics for twelve years without any relief.
Confined to her bed most of the time. Looked more like a dead
person than a live one. Had constant pain across the small of her
back, with a dragging, bearing down sensation that produced great
faintness on standing. Bleeding constantly kept her reduced. Gave
her Esculus h., six drops in a tumbler two thirds filled with water,
to be taken once in three to four hours during the day. Treated for
twenty days and cured.
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
47
CASE II. Patient, a tanner, aged fifty. Had piles of twenty
years standing; badly protruded. Great weakness most of the time.
Not able to labor. Gave him Esculus h.To, three drops three times
a day. Treated three weeks and discharged cured.
Dr. T. C. DUNCAN reports the following:
April 3d, 1865, Mr. F., æt 28, musculo-bilious temperament, a
fireman, is suffering with the following marked symptoms:
An intolerable, burning, itching, stinging pain, with a feeling of
fullness at the anus. These are not present only during motion.
They are brought on by walking a few blocks, when they increase in
violence, obliging him to rub and press upon the anus or sit down.
His bowels, though inclined to be costive, move regularly once daily.
Appetite good, and he feels perfectly well, except during motion.
These symptoms have annoyed him for about three years; prior to that
time he enjoyed good health. His countenance is now pale and
haggard.
Close examination revealed no hæmorrhoidal tumors obstructing
the rectum, but the mucous membrane was rather highly injected, and
the sphincter ani unduly constricted. I prescribed Nux vomica³,
four pellets to be taken every two hours.
8th. Bowels less costive, but the other symptoms remain the same.
Nux3 as before.
11th. No better. Hamamelis³, to be taken in the same manner.
May 11. No improvement. While taking the last remedy his
bowels moved freely, and the other symptoms were somewhat relieved.
But for the last three weeks he has been worse than before.
While making a proving of the Esculus hipp., all of these symp-
toms were present in a very marked manner, which led me to conclude
that this remedy was homoeopathic to the case. Accordingly I pre-
scribed Æsculus hipp.3, four pellets to be taken every two hours.
26th. Much improved. He feels the symptoms only occasionally.
Esculus hipp.3 as before.
June 13th. Reports himself entirely relieved.
Nov. 28th. Has had no return of the symptoms. Feels like
a new man.
In true hæmorrhoids I find it much better for the "blind" than
for the "bleeding" ones.
It appears to be indicated in the following conditions:
Constipation, when accompanied with lowness of spirits, vertigo,
gastric derangements, hæmorrhids, hard, large and difficult stools,
etc (Nux, Collinsonia. Sulph.)
Diarrhea, when the evacuations are papescent, mushy, white, or
natural in color, but always accompanied with severe lumbar and
sacral pain, weakness, tenesmus, or very unpleasant sensations (see
above) in the rectum and anus, also hæmorrhoids, etc. It has cured
Chronic diarrhea. (Aloes, Podoph., Iris v., Merc.)
Hæmorrhoids. The indications for Esculus in this disease are
so fully given in the provings, that a repetition is not necessary. The
48
NEW REMEDIES.
following additional clinical cases, illustrating its curative power in this
condition, are taken from various journals.
CASE I. P.-Have been subject for several years to occasional
attacks of hæmorrhoids, attended with little hæmorrhage, although
considerable pain, aching, swelling, and rigid hardness of the rectum.
The paroxysms usually accompany constipation. The pain commences
about an hour after an evacuation, and continues from two to six hours.
About ten grains of the crude nut, finely pulverized, were placed
in a half-ounce vial of alcohol and water, in equal parts. Of this ten
or twelve drops were taken nearly every evening for about five weeks
-commencing August 11, 1860.
The piles were uniformly relieved after three or four doses.
Observed on two or three occasions, that when the remedy was dis-
continued for a few days, the symptoms soon returned.
It is now
four months since all symptoms of the disease disappeared
other effects were discovered.
No
CASE II. R.-Had been suffering severely from hæmorrhoids for
ten or twelve days, with a constipated state of the bowels, and severe
pain in the tumors-making it very unpleasant to stand on my feet
or walk. Also more or less nausea, loss of appetite, furred tongue,
a sensation of fullness about the naval, flatulent pains in the bowels,
and very dark stools. About two weeks previous to the attack of
hæmorrhoids, had a severe attack of billious colic, which was relieved
by Colocynth, Chamomilla and Mercurius sol.
On the morning of June 13, 1860, took 200 pellets of the sixth
centesimal attenuation of Esculus. The only symptom referable to
the drug was irritation of the throat and oesophagus-a sort of con-
stricted, scraped sensation, causing a disposition to hawk. This
occurred about an hour after taking the drug, and continued for
several hours.
Continued the remedy for several mornings in succession. The
piles are entirely relieved; the bowels act regularly; the appetite
fair; nausea and flatulence gone; and, in short, enjoy my usual stan-
dard of health.
Dr. L. B. Wells, of Utica, has employed this remedy in all cases
of hæmorrhoids occurring in his practice during the past two years, and
generally with very good result.
Dr. Wm. M. Cuthbert, in N. A. Journal for February, 1864, says
I proved the drug to a limited extent on my own person, not being
subject to piles, using the first potency. The effects produced being
a painful weakness of the loins, with dull, aching pain, accompanied
by severe tumors around the anus. These symptoms becoming so
severe as to interfere with professional duties, I was reluctantly com-
pelled to end the proving, and one dose of Nux vomica antidoted in
a few hours all the painful symptoms, since which I have experienced
none of them."
Cases referred to by Dr. Cuthbert:
1. Man; aged 37; mechanic. One dose of third potency not
only entirely relieved the piles, but also enabled him to lay off a truss
which he had worn for years for an inguinal hernia.
ESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
49
2. Mrs. M. Piles (protruding at times) of ten years' standing,
cured with three doses. It is now three years since, and she has
never had any symptoms of it in that time.
3. Mr. B. External piles.
Nux vomica never having any effect.
Promptly cured with one dose;
4. Mr. L. Blind bleeding piles of twenty years' standing, cured
with three doses, one every two weeks.
A cerate has been prepared from the Esculus, which has been
found a very efficacious and convenient external application to pile
tumors.
A writer in the American Homeopathic Observer, signing him-
self R. S.; reports the following cases:
CASE I. Mrs. H. A German woman, mother of four children,
constitution impaired by allopathic purgatives and emetics, has had
hæmorrhoids for twelve years. Nux vomica had given some relief.
They were always troublesome during pregnancy. A small quantity
of Esculus hippocastanum cured her.
CASE II. Mrs. W. Mother of five children, robust and energetic,
thought hæmorrhoids to be a part of her being;" did not mention
them as a disease. She could not sit or lie down with ease. Had
to be questioned closely before she owned them. While bleeding
she got some relief. Cured by Esculus hippocastanum, after a two
week's trial of Collinsonia, which gave no relief. I prescribed
globules, saturated with the mother tincture, four times a day for a
week.
My colleagues and myself, in this city, have used the Esculus,
with good results, in severe cases of piles. It seems to act curatively
in almost any attenuation.
Fissure of the anus, or fissured ulcer of the rectum. The Æscu-
lus has many symptoms which are found in this very painful and
intractable malady. If it is not homoeopathic to the ulcer itself, it
is to nearly all the conditions which precede and attend it, and may
be able to remove such concomitant conditions, and thus allow the
ulcer to close in a healthy manner. In this way act Ignatia, Nux
vomica, Aloes and Plumbum, while Nitric acid, Arsenic and Sulphur
are specific against the ulceration itself.
Stricture of the rectum may be organic or functional. The former
consisting of a thickening of the tissues of the tube, the latter of a
spasmodic disorder of the circular muscular fibres. Esculus appears
to be homœopathic to both conditions, and may be prescribed for them
with considerable confidence.
Prolapsus ani ought to be cured with Esculus as well as with
Ignatia, Ñux, Mercurius, or Nitric acid and Podoph.
Dysentery, especially when caused by hæmorrhoidal irritation,
and when confined to the rectum. Also many diseases of contiguous
tissus ought to come under the curative sphere of Esculus.
Urinary Organs.-Shooting pain in orifice of urethra. Urging to
urinate at short intervals. Urine very high colored
4
50
NEW REMEDIES.
Genital Organs of Men.-No particular symptoms have been
noticed, yet if the provings had been persisted in long enough, those
derangements which are usually the concomitants of piles, constipa-
tion, etc., would doubtless have appeared, namely: seminal emissions,
disease of prostate, etc.
Genital Organs of Women.-Leucorrhoea. Burning in mammæ.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It is safe to assert that all those func-
tional and organic derangements of the uterus which may be caused
by piles and irritation of the rectum, would be brought on by a
continued proving of this drug. It will doubtless prove a curative
remedy in certain cases of uterine congestion, prolapsus, retroversion,
dysmenorrhoea, congestion of cervix, etc.
Larynx.-Hoarse voice; speaking brings on a cough. Short
cough, increased by swallowing and breathing deeply. The mucus
in the throat excites a cough (2). Tickling in the larnyx, causing a
cough with mucus expectoration. Cough from irritation. Dry
cough. Repeated cough. Dryness in the larnyx. Frequent call
to expectorate mucus, which becomes watery. Pressure in the
throat-pit, as if something had stuck there which required to be
expelled. Dryness of larnyx, with tickling, scraping feeling of the
laryngo-pharyngeal mucous membrane. Sensation of dryness and
stiffness of the glottis, and all the pharyngeo-laryngeal mucous
membrane.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Buchmann states that he succeeded
in curing radically a chronic cough, with emaciation, which had long
been treated without effect, by the daily administration of as much
powdered nut as would lie on the point of a knife. It seems likely
to prove useful in some form of catarrhal laryngitis, laryngeal cough,
and perhaps those coughs dependent on hepatic disorders.
Lungs. Hot feeling in the chest, with cold rising up (2). Burn-
ing and heat in the chest. Raw feeling in the throat and chest (2).
Warm feeling in the chest. Shooting pains in the sternum. Pains
in the sternum, as if a piece were torn out of the chest. Sudden
stitches throughout the chest. Pain in the right scapula, and in the
left side of the chest, increased on inspiration. Rheumatic pain in
the right scapula. On the right side of the chest a sensation as if
the lung painfully moved up and down at each respiration (2). In-
crease of the pain on drawing a deep inspiration. Pain in the chest,
alternating with pain in the abdomen. Stitches leave the left side
of the chest and go to the right. Twitching from the chest to the
left shoulder. Tightness in the chest (6). Labored breathing (2).
Palpitation of the heart (4); severe, periodic, frequent, with great
ÆSCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM.
51
anguish. Neuralgic pain in region of the heart, lasting one minute.
Neuralgic pain in region of apex of the heart and stomach. Occasional
neuralgic pains in region of the apex of the heart and stomach.
Severe neuralgic pains in region of the heart, so painful as to arrest
the breathing, lasting ten minutes. Frequent stitches in region of
the heart. Dull aching, burning pain in region of the heart for half
an hour, pulse 66, soft and regular. (Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The pains and sensations in the region
of the heart, felt by Dr. Burt, are quite notable. Were they in the
heart itself, in the muscles of the chest, or in the oesophagus? The
"neuralgic" pains may have been myalgic; the burning, in the
œsophagus; the stitches in the intercostal muscles. Yet I do not
doubt that the Esculus is as capable of curing functional derange-
ment of the heart, as Nux vomica or Belladonna. In Burt's proving,
however, no alteration in the rhythm of the pulse, and no palpitation
were observed. It may, perhaps, prove curative in sympathetic
heart-affections, caused by hæmorrhoids, portal congestion or dys-
pepsia.
Back.-Pains in the small of the back, and lame feeling. Pain
extending from the abdomen to the small of the back (2). Weari-
ness in the small of the back. Tearing pain in the back. Lameness
and sensation as if strained in the right lumbar region, extending to
the gluteal muscles. Heat in the back of the neck and shoulders.
Weariness in the back of the neck. Lameness in the back of the
neck (2). Dull aching pain in the small of the back, very much
aggravated by walking. Severe dull aching pain in the lumbar
region. Severe headache all night. Weariness in the small of the
back, also tearing pain in the small of the back and hips when walking.
Violent aching in the back, with prostration. Great desire for stool,
and walking is almost impossible. It is almost impossible to get up
after sitting, owing to the pain (lameness) of the back. Constant
backache, affecting the sacrum and hips, aggravated by walking or
stooping. Severe pain in the back and hips when getting up, going
off after moving a minute or two. Aching in dorsal region. Back
feels very stiff when moving. Backache, with aching in legs and
knees. Aching between the shoulders.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--No medicine is so clearly homoeopathic
to those lumbar and sacral pains, etc., which accompany hæmorrhoidal
affections, and are erroneously called rheumatism, lumbago, etc.
Dr. Neidhard writes: In a case of curvature of the spine, the
pains caused by it were entirely cured by the tincture of Esculus h.,
five drops morning and evening."
Upper Extremities.-The arm and hand of the left side become
52
NEW REMEDIES.
of the feet.
Constant jerking in the right arm. Paralysis of the
right arm—cannot raise it.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-As an analogue of Nux vomica, I
suppose the Æsculus to irritate the spinal cord. It seems to act,
however, in a manner somewhat different from Nux. It seems, pri-
marily, to exhaust the vitality of the cord, or in some way cause a
torpor in its functions. In this way it may be homoeopathic to para
lytic affections of the upper extremities.
Lower Extremities.-Severe aching in the knees, with aching in
the lumbar and sacral regions. Legs ache severely, with great
weariness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-(See remarks above.) It is homœo-
pathic to many of those painful sensations in the lower extremities
due to hæmorrhoidal affections.
AGAVE AMERICANA.
(American Aloe.)
ANALOGUES: Lime juice, Lemon juice, Citric acid, Kali chlor.,
Natrum muriaticum.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.—This is an evergreen succulent plant,
sometimes called the century plant, and by the natives of Mexico, the
Maguey. It is found growing in Florida, Mexico, and other parts of
tropical America. It bears a strong resemblance to the plants of the
genus Aloe, with which it is sometimes confounded.
The root and leaves, when cut, furnish a saccharine juice, which
may be converted into syrup and sugar by evaporation, and into a
vinous liquor by fermentation. The natives of Mexico manufacture
from it their favorite drink-the Pulque-which is capable of causing
considerable intoxication.
The juice of the Maguey contains a large amount of vegetable
and saccharine matter, and is of itself sufficiently nutritious to sus-
tain a person for several days. It delights in a dry sandy soil, and
can be cultivated where nothing but the cactus will grow. The
cortical portion near the root may be eaten, when cooked by roasting.
The white internal portion is the edible part. Dr. Perrin has seen
muleteers use it for food, and they seem to be very fond of it. He
AGAVE AMERICANA.
53
was informed upon good authority, that several tribes of Indians in
New Mexico make use of it in the same manner.
The juice, when evaporated to the consistence of a soft extract,
forms a lather with water, and is sometimes employed as a substitute
for soap. The fresh juice is said to be diuretic, laxative and em-
menagogue.
So far, only the juice of the roasted leaves has been used as a
remedial agent. The fresh root, or a tincture prepared from it, may
possess valuable medicinal qualities. The same virtues may exist in the
leaves, as it is well known that cooking deprives some plants and
roots of their poisonous qualities.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Perrin, U. S. A., stationed at Fort
McIntosh, in Texas, having many cases of scurvy to treat, and finding
the usual allopathic routine ineffectual, was led to make inquiry as to
the domestic remedies in use among the natives. Among others, his
attention was called to the Maguey, and he reports to the Surgeon
General the following cases, in which the drug was relied on.
"Private Turby, of Company G, 1st U. S. Infantry, was admitted
into hospital March 25th, in the following state: Countenance pale
and dejected, gums swollen and bleeding; left leg, from ankle to
groin, covered with dark purple blotches; leg swollen, painful, and
of stony hardness; pulse small and feeble; appetite poor; bowels
constipated. He was placed upon Lime juice, diluted and sweetened
so as to make an agreeable drink, in as large quantities as his stomach
would bear. Diet generous as could be procured, consisting of fresh
meat, milk, eggs, etc.; vegetables could not be procured.
April 11th. His condition was but slightly improved. He was
then placed upon the expressed juice of the Maguey, in doses of two
fluid ounces, three times daily; same diet continued.
April 17th.
Countenance, no longer dejected, but bright and
cheerful; purple spots almost entirely disappeared.
his bed and walked across the hospital unassisted.
tinued.
Arose from
Medicine con-
May 4th. So much improved as to be able to return to his
company quarters, where he was accordingly sent. Medicine con-
tinued.
May 7th. Almost entirely well."
"Private Hood, Company G., 1st U. S. Infantry, was admitted
into hospital April 10th. His general condition did not differ much
from Private Turby's. He had been on the sick report for eight
days; had been taking Citric acid drinks, but grew gradually worse
up to the time of his admission, when he was placed upon lime juice
until the 13th, at which time no perceptible change had taken place.
On that date he commenced the use of the expressed juice of the
Maguey. Same diet as in case above described.
* N. Y. Journal of Medicine, 1850.
54
NEW REMEDIES
his
May 21st. General state so much improved that he was sent to
company quarters.
May 22d. Well; returned to duty.
Eleven cases, all milder in form than the two just related, were
continued upon the lime juice; diet the same. On the 21st of April
they exhibited evidences of improvement, but it was nothing when
compared with the cases under the use of the Maguey. Seven cases
were under treatment during the same time, making use of Citric
acid. On the 21st of April no one had improved, and three were
growing worse. At this time so convinced was I of the great supe-
riority of the Maguey over either of the other remedies employed,
that I determined to place all the patients upon that medicine. The
result has proved exceedingly gratifying. Every case has improved
rapidly from that date. The countenance, so universally dejected
and despairing in the patient affected with scurvy, is brightened up by
contentment and hope in two days from the time of its introduction.
The most marked evidences of improvement were observable at every
successive visit. From observing the effects of the Maguey in the
cases which have occurred in this command, I am compelled to place
it far above that remedy, which, till now, has stood above every other
the lime juice. The manner in which I used it was as follows:
The leaves are cut off close to the root. They are placed in hot ashes
until thoroughly cooked, when they are removed, and the juice
expressed. The expressed juice is then strained, and may be used
thus, or may be sweetened. It may be given in doses of from 2 oz.
to 3 oz. three times daily. The use of the leaf in this way, I believe,
will ward off, most effectually, incipient scorbutus."
ALETRIS FARINOSA.
(Star-Grass.)
ANALOGUES Chelona, Frasera, Helonias, Populus, Hydrastis.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Root, perennial, small, black outside,
brown inside, ramose, crooked. Radical leaves, from six to twelve,
spreading on the ground like a star, but all unequal in size, sessile,
lanceolate, entire, very smooth, membranaceous, with many longitudi-
nal veins, sometimes caniculate, very sharp at the end. They are of
a pale green or glaucous, and bleach in winter, or by drying. The
longest are four inches. Stem, from one to two feet high, very sim-
ple and upright, scapiform or nearly naked, with remote scales,
whitish and pressed, sometimes changing into leaves, subulate, acute.
Flowers white, forming a long, slender, scattered spike. Each flower
has a minute bract and very short pedicel; shape oblong, spreading
into six acute segments like a star, at the top; the outside has a
ALETRIS FARINOSA.
55
mealy rugose appearance. Six short stamina are inserted near the
mouth; anthers cordate. Germ, one, central, (not inferior) pyramidal.
Style, one separable into three. Capsules triangular, clothed by the
perigones, triangular, three valved at the top, three celled and with
many central minute seeds. (Rafinesque.)
The genus Aletris takes its name from a Greek word, which
signifies "a slave who grinds corn." The name is applied in allusion
to the apparent mealiness dusted over the blossoms.
This genus includes two species-the A. farinosa, and A. aurea.
The A. farinosa is the one used in medicine. The name “star-
grass" is also applied to several other plants, namely, the Helonias
dioica, the Hypoxis, and others. The Aletris far. is designated
by many common names, as Blazing star, Aloe-root, Bettie grass,
Unicorn-root, Ague-root, Ague-grass, Star-root, Devils-bit, etc. But
all these names are also applied to the Helonias dioica, (Chamælirium
luteum. Gray.) and other plants, so that there is no reliance to be
placed upon the collections of uneducated plant-gatherers, or the
preparations of the druggists. For homoeopathic uses, the plants or
roots should be examined by a scientific botanist before they are used
in our pharmacies.
The
HISTORY.-This species has a wide range, being found from New
England to Georgia, and west to Kentucky and Missouri.
Aletris aurea is limited to a range from New Jersey to the Carolinas.
The A. farinosa is abundant at the South, and always confined
to dry and poor soil, in sunny glades and fields. It is unknown to
the rich limestome soil, and alluvial regions. In the West it is con-
fined to the hilly glades, open prairies, and borders of the knob-hills.
It is estival, blossoming in June and July. The root is the part
employed, and being small, does not afford much hopes to become an
article of trade. (Rafinesque.)
I have quoted Rafinesque because he was the first medical botanist
who gave a correct account of this plant. I am satisfied that much
of the tincture used in medicine is made from the Aletris and Helo-
nias indiscriminately.
Rafinesque says the root contains an intensely bitter emulsive
resin, soluble in alcohol, somewhat similar to Aloes, but less cathar-
tic. This bitter principle is also partly soluble in water. The
tincture is rendered milky by water. Aletrin is prepared from the
root, and is supposed to contain its active medicinal principles, but it
is not a reliable preparation.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tinctures and triturations of the
root, and the attenuations.
56
NEW REMEDIES.
GENERAL EFFECTS.-No proving of this plant has yet appeared,
and the clinical experience of our school is very meagre. The eclectic
school, however, speak highly of its value.
"In the recent state, and in large doses, it is considerably narcotic,
with emetic and cathartic properties. When dried these properties
are destroyed, and it becomes a bitter tonic." (King.)
As
"The Aletris is tonic, stomachic, narcotic, discutient, emetic,
cathartic and expectorant. In large doses it is said to produce
nausea, vomiting, purging, dizziness and other unpleasant effects,
which would seem to indicate that it is possessed of acro-narcotic
properties." (J. and S. Mat. Med.) "It is believed that no Amer-
ican plant exceeds the Aletris in intense and permanent bitterness.
In this respect it is not inferior to aloes or quassia. It seems to be
a pure bitter, having also some emetic and cathartic properties.
a tonic stomachic, it is not surpassed by any of our indigenous plants,
and for this purpose it is extensively employed as a popular remedy
and in regular practice. It has long been held in high repute
among the Indians. There is some reason to believe that it possesses
narcotic properties. Rafinesque, who seems to have experimented a
good deal with it, says, that "only small doses must be used, because
large ones produce nausea, dizziness and narcotic effects, and that the
powdered root should not be given in larger doses than twelve grs.
Its uses are the same as gentian and quassia. In some parts of the
country it is used by botanics as a remedy for dropsy, dysentery and
colic. We regard it as an alterative tonic, very similar to Hydrastin.”
—(Prof. Lee.) It is highly probable that a thorough proving of this
medicine would develop its value, and make it almost an equal with
Helonias, or perhaps China, although it does not appear to possess
the anti-periodic properties of the latter drug. It has, however, some
reputation in Intermittents, and one of the common names of the
plant is "ague root."
SPECIAL EFFECTS.-Sensorium, Head, etc.-Vertigo; dizziness,
with vomiting; purging; sleepiness; and even stupefaction.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Theoretically, I would suggest that it
may be useful in certain Congestions of the head, when the above
symptoms are present. In certain cases of Meningitis, in children
and adults, the disease is ushered in by a similar train of symptoms.
A high dilution of the tincture of the fresh root might in such cases
prove curative. It is highly recommended by Dr. King ("Diseases
of Females") in Hysteria.
Gastric Symptoms.-Vomiting; purging; excessive nausea, with
giddiness, etc.
ALETRIS FARINOSA.
57
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Small doses are said to promote the
appetite and assist digestion. It is used in cases of Flatulent colic.
It is highly recommended in cases of Dyspepsia, with much general
debility. All drugs which derange the digestive organs are, of
course, homœopathic to some form of dyspepsia, or gastric disorder.
Until we have a proving of Aletris, the indications for the use of
this remedy cannot be given. It may, however, be used empirically
as a dernier resort when other remedies fail. A case treated by me,
may throw some light on its probable sphere of action. A lady in
the fourth month of pregnancy became very much debilitated; had
nausea, but no vomiting; disgust for all food; the least food caused
distress in the stomach; very constipated; frequent attacks of
fainting, with vertigo; sleepy all the time; emaciated. I used Pul-
satilla, China, Iron, Nux vomica, Ignatia, and many other remedies
with no apparent result. Discouraged at the result of my treatment,
she declared her intention to procure some "bitters. She "knew
some bitter tonic would help her." I happened to have a drachm of
Aletrin in the office. This I dissolved in four ounces of sherry
wine, and ordered a teaspoonful three times a day. In a week she
came into my office exclaiming, Your bitters have cured me." The
improvement was really great, and no other medicine was used. A
constant pressure and pain in the uterine region was also removed by
the medicine. In a similar case I have since used the first dilution
with apparent good results.
""
Female Generative Organs.-Colic in the hypogastrium. Pres-
sure in the region of the uterus. Labor-like pains at the time of the
menses. Weight in the uterine region. Premature and profuse
menses. Abortion. Leucorrhoea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Aletris, is by general consent of
eclectic physicians, considered to possess specific relations as a cura-
tive remedy, in certain diseases of the Uterus. I quote some of the
testimony: "The root exerts a tonic or stimulating influence upon
the reproductive organs of the female. In Amenorrhea, Dysmenor-
rhaa, and engorged condition of the uterus, it will be found of
especial benefit, removing the difficulties by restoring the uterus to
its normal condition. It will also be found advantageous in those
instances when there is an habitual tendency to abort, not depending
upon syphilitic taint, or other causes independent of the reproductive
organs. I have found it useful in Prolapsus uteri, and am inclined
to believe that it exerts a peculiar influence upon the uterine liga-
ments, having cured several severe cases of uterine prolapsus by this
agent alone, without the aid of any mechanical means."—(King's
Obstetrics, page 668.) "The Aletris is recommended in diseases
peculiar to females, as an article of great value. In cases of frequent
abortions, or when a disposition to abort exists, and uterine derange-
ments in general."—(J. & S. Mat. Med.) If the Aletris possesses
the power of preventing recurring abortions, it is certainly worthy
our investigation. A fragmentary proving even may establish the
58
NEW REMEDIES.
basis upon which this recommendation is based. Several physicians
have verbally given me their testimony in favor of its power of pre-
venting abortion, even after pains and hæmorrhoeage had set in. I
have been assured that it has been used in domestic practice, to
produce abortion in the early months. It is evidently homoeopathic
to abortion when accompanied by the symptoms named above, and
when arising from over doses of the fresh root; also in cases which
seem to depend upon a want of tone in the uterine tissues and
general system.
Dr. Silas Jones, of New York, says: "This remedy seems to act
admirably during the first months of pregnancy, where there is vom-
iting, excessive nausea, giddiness, etc., with pain and colic in the
hypogastrium, with tendency to abort. A lady in her fourth preg-
nancy came to me with the above symptoms. She had suffered in
this way during the three or four months of each pregnancy, so much
as to be obliged to keep her bed a great part of the time, and the
third pregnancy was followed by an abortion at about the eighth
week. I gave her Ipecac., which relieved the vomiting, but not the
nausea and giddiness. It occurred to me that Aletris completely
covered all her symptoms, and gave her a single prescription of the
tincture, to be put in half a tumbler of water, and to take a teaspoon-
ful every two hours at first. It gave her immediate and complete
relief. She is now near her full term, in good health, except occa-
sional neuralgic pains. Troubles like the above are frequently met
with in practice, and Aletris seems to be nearly a specific. As it has
not been proved, we need the more, well marked clinical testimony."
Note to Second Edition.—Since the first article on Aletris was
written, now nearly two years, I have used the remedy quite exten-
sively in my practice. Such has been my uniform success with it that
I have come to place as much confidence in its curative powers as that
of any agent in our Materia Medica.
My experience with the Aletis has been in the direction of the
general indication for its use-namely: In cases of debility, general
or local, arising from protracted illness, loss of fluids, defective nutri-
tion, etc. Symptomatic indications are-loss of tone in the muscular
system of the whole or any part of the body; loss of appetite, myalgia,
or that painful affection of muscles dependent on depression, and from
physical or mental causes; passive hæmorrhages-particularly uterine,
and that condition of the uterus which predisposes to menorrhagia
and abortion. Every practical physician knows that these conditions
do not always present symptoms which call for China, Phosphoric
acid or Ferrum; also, that in many cases where these remedies seem
indicated, they do not prove as promptly curative as desired. It is
in these classes of cases that I have found the Aletris so valuable.
Such symptoms as constipation, indigestion, night sweats, depression
of spirits, always disappeared as soon as the system came under the
influence of the medicine.
There is a class of cases in which debility is apparently caused by
a want of the phosphates. This usually occurs in persons of literary
ALNUS RUBRA.
59
habits, whose mental labor has been severe; or those who have long
been under the infinence of the depressing emotions. In these cases,
phosphoric acid, hypophosphite of potash, or zinc, do not always
meet the demands of the system. Neither will Aletris alone. But if
both are given, in alternation, the system rapidly regains its normal
integrity.
My habitual dose of the Aletris is five or ten drops of the first
decimal dilution, three times a day. It should be taken about an hour
after meals.
ALNUS RUBRA.
(Tag Alder.)
ANALOGUES: Stillingia, Kali hydriodatus, Sulphur, Phytolacca,
Corydalium, Hepar sulphur, Mercurius iod., (Hamamelis.)
It
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is an indigenous shrub, growing
by the side of streams, in swamps, wet grounds and marshes. It is
the Alnus serrulata of Wildenon, and is known by the common name
of Tag alder, from the tops, or cones, with which it is covered in winter.
grows in clumps or thickets. Stems numerous, from ten to eighteen
feet high. It blossoms in March and April, bearing flowers of a red-
dish-green color. The bark is the part used in medicine; it is inodor-
ous, and has a slightly bitter astringent taste. Boiling water and
dilute alcohol extract its medicinal properties. Alnuin is a dry,
powdered extract, said to contain the active principles of this agent.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-The tincture and dilutions made
from the bark; triturations prepared from the Alnuin, and a decoction.
Generalities.—Probably no indigenous remedy has such an
extensive popular reputation as an alterative, or more properly, an
antipsoric, as the Alnus rubra. . It is resorted to by the country
people in nearly all obstinate chronic diseases of the skin or glandu-
lar system, and often effects surprising cures after all other remedies
used in regular practice have failed. Botanic physicians extol this
article as a "powerful alterative," and very valuable in the treatment
of rheumatism, erysipelas, gleet, syphilis, gravel, cystitis, etc. Eclec-
tics claim for it "alterative powers." CoE says he speaks from large
experience, and says: "We esteem it one of the best simple altera-
tives and resolvents possible to be employed in scrofula, cutaneous
eruptions, and in all affections arising from a vitiated state of the
blood and fluids. In order to reap the full value of the Alnuin, its
use must be persevered in for a considerable length of time.”
60
NEW REMEDIES.
Glandular System.-Scudder says: "We have employed it
internally, and as a wash in scrofulous eruptions on the skin, with more
advantage than any other agent. It has also proved useful in cases
of Scrofula with glandular enlargements, and especially when there is
suppuration of lymphatic glands." This statement is also supported
by such writers as King, Lee and Barton.
In order to test its antipsoric virtues, I have prescribed it in
cases of Scrofula, enlargements of the submaxillary glands, and
also in strumous enlargement of the tonsils, in the children of the
poor, who were ill fed, when I had tried the ordinary antipsories
without benefit. In these cases I advised the simple decoction of
about one ounce of the bark to two quarts of water, boiled down to
one quart. Of this about one ounce was ordered three times daily.
When I could get patients to use it persistently for several weeks or
months, decided benefit generally occurred. I have been informed of
many remarkable cures of obstinate chronic diseases, of a psoric
nature, cured by a long continuance of the remedy.
Cutaneous System.-The specific relation which this remedy
has to affections of the skin, seems to be substantiated by reliable
testimony. Dr. Helmich, of Ohio, says: "I am persuaded that the
Alnus serrulata is one of our most valuable vegetable alteratives, and
deserves the careful and attentive investigation of the physician,
pharmacien and medical botanist. More recently I have witnessed
the valuable properties of the extract, prepared by the evaporation
of the decoction to the consistency of thick tar.
It makes a very
convenient form for pills or solution. I prescribed a strong decoc-
tion of the extract two months ago, in a case of Impetigo of long
standing, and which had proved very obstinate, refusing to yield to
all the various forms of treatment, both general and local, persisted
in for more than three years. The patient was a lady of full habit,
somewhat corpulent, but with general health good. The disease
affected both ankles over the instep. She was directed to drink a
decoction of the red alder, and use one ounce of the extract dissolved
in eight ounces of water as a local application, twice a day. In two
weeks her husband reported to me that 'the one ounce of extract
had done more for her than all the other remedies put together.' At
the present date, two months since the first application, she is
entirely well. Impetigo is, in my experience, a very intractable
form of disease; yet in this case it yielded readily to the extract of
red alder. It is the first and only case I have ever prescribed it in
as a local remedy. I intend, however, to give it a more extended
ALNUS RUBRA.
61
trial in some other diseases, where its tonic and astringent properties
will be more fully tested. I am informed by the individual who
prepares the extract, that it is an invaluable remedy for dyspepsia,
taken in doses of half a dram, three times daily."
Scudder says he has employed it internally, and as a wash, in
scrofulous and syphilitic diseases of the skin, with good results.
King has known it to be used advantageously in Herpes, Scorbutus
and Impetigo.
A most severe and obstinate case of Porrigo in a strumous child,
once came under my care. It had been treated for nearly a year by
regular physicians, but grew worse, antipsorics only palliated the
disease. At the urgent solicitation of the neighbors, it was put upon
tablespoonful doses of the decoction, three times a day, for two months,
at the end of which time the cure was complete. It is very popular
in the country as an external application to old ulcers.
Mucous Membranes.-According to Lee it has been used success-
fully in Blennorrhæa, Abdominal fluxes, some forms of Dyspepsia,
Gonorrhæa, Gleet, Cystitis, Gravel, etc. The close relation between
the skin and mucous membrane, would make us infer it to be useful
in chronic affections of the latter, arising from a psoric diathesis. I
have known a Chronic Diarrhea of long standing, get well under the
use of the decoction used for several weeks. It was in such a diarrhoea
as we would give Phosphoric acid, Phosphorus, Sulphur and Calcarea.
Hæmorrhages. Dr. Williams, of Deerfield, (allopath) was very
partial to its use in Hæmaturia. Others have used it with alleged
success in various hæmorrhages. CoE says: "Although not strictly
diuretic, it nevertheless exercises a peculiar alterative (homoeopathic)
influence over the kidneys and urinary organs generally.
The general appearance of the shrub, its botanical characteristics
and natural history, strongly resemble that of the Hamamelis vir.
The analysis of the bark of both are quite similar. The Hamamelis
contains a larger proportion of tannin, and is probably the more
potent remedy in hæmorrhages. It does not seem to possess the
antipsoric properties of the Alnus.
No proving has been made of this remedy. Beyond the remark
that “the inner bark is an emetic," I know of no pathogenetic symp-
toms arising from its use. I have made careful inquiry of those who
take it in large doses for a long time, but could not ascertain that it
caused any symptoms, except those of a curative nature.
62
NEW REMEDIES.
AMPELOPSIS QUINQUEFOLIA.
(American Ivy.)
ANALOGUES: Alnus rubra, Apocynum cann., Arsenicum, Calcareo
carb., Dulcamara, Graphites, Iodine, Kali carb., Lycopodium, Chim
aphilla, Phytolacca, Rumex crispus, Stillingia, Sulphur, Rhus tox.,
and Sepia.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is a woody vine, with a rooting,
climbing stem; quinate and digitate leaves; leaflets oblong, acumi-
nate, petiolate, dentate, smooth, and turn crimson in autumn; flowers
inconspicuous, greenish, or white, in dichotomous clusters; calyx
entire petals five, distinct, spreading; ovary two-celled, cells two-
ovuled; style very short; berries dark blue, acid, smaller than peas,
and two-celled, cells one or two-seeded. The American Ivy is a
common and familiar shrubby vine, climbing extensively, and, by
means of its radicating tendrils, supporting itself firmly upon trees,
ascending to the height of fifty feet. In the same manner it ascends
and overspreads walls and buildings, its large leaves constituting a
luxuriant foliage of dark glossy green. It is found in wild woods
and thickets throughout the United States, and blossoms in July,
ripening its small blackish berries in October. In various sections
it has different names, as, Woodbine, Virginia Creeper, Five Leaves,
False Grape, Wild Wood vine, etc.
OFFICINAL PREPARATION.-The tincture and dilution prepared
from the fresh bark and young twigs.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-No proving of the Woodbine has yet been
made, nor has it been used in homoeopathic practice. All that we
know concerning its effects comes to us through the medium of the
people and eclectic practitioners. It has long been known in domes-
tic practice, where it is considered an analogue of the Alnus rubra,
and as a general alterative in chronic diseases.
It has been employed by the eclectics as a remedy in chronic
disorders of the respiratory organs, in phthisis, chronic bronchitis,
and chronic laryngitis, with alleged success. It is also recommended in
scrofula, chronic cutaneous affections, chronic and mercurial rheuma-
tism, syphilis, old ulcers, and a "general vitiated state of the consti-
tution. Scudder says it is, as far as ascertained, an alterative,
pectoral, diaphoretic, sub-astringent and tonic.
Lee asserts-"In small doses it acts upon all the glandular
organs, as a stimulating secernant; and in still larger doses, it proves
a hydrogogue cathartic, and has been recommended in dropsical cases.
An infusion of the bark of the vine acts very much like the Apocy-
num cannabinum, causing copious watery discharges from the bowels,
or by renal and cutaneous secretions." He considers it worthy of
high rank among the alteratives.
Coe (who sometimes has a grain of truth among the chaff of his
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
63
bald generalities) says it is an alterative which" does its work kindly,
silently, yet surely." He advises it for scrofula, cutaneous diseases,
bronchitis, hooping cough, asthma, dropsy, syphilis, diarrhoea and
rheumatism; and declares that "it exercises a remarkable influence
over the absorbent system, hence will be found valuable in all cases
where tubercular deposits or indurations are suspected. It is, for
this reason, a suitable remedy in incipient phthisis. It has proved a
reliable agent in the cure of dropsy. Although possessing consider-
able diuretic power, its curative action in this disease does not seem
to depend upon that especial property, but upon its power to excite a
healthful action in the glandular and absorbent systems. Its influence
seems to be expended upon the entire organism, gently stimulating
each function to the performance of its duty, without proving evacu-
ant in one direction more than another.'
To speak with more scientific precision, Ampelopsis is an anti-
psoric remedy, whose influence is general upon the vital constituents
of the organism. To say it is useful in the chronic disorders above
mentioned, is only to leave the matter still in the dark. It is the
same as declaring that it is simply an "antipsoric." The very few
special indications we possess, do not give us any satisfactory clue to
its specific qualities. It remains, therefore, for homoeopathic physi-
cians to subject it to a thorough proving, that we may know the
symptoms and conditions for which it will prove useful.
From what I can glean of its pathogenetic action, I should consider
it likely to be useful in Dropsy when due to a cachectic condition of
the system, or as a sequel of Chronic diarrhea, old hepatic, and renal
affections, and certain Scrofulous conditions. In the hands of the
New School it will probably prove a valuable antipsoric remedy.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
(Indian Hemp.)
ANALOGUES: Asclepias tub., and syr., Eupatorium pur., Helleborus
nigra, Kali hydriod.
This should not be confounded with A. Androsemifolium The
medicinal properties of the two are widely different.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-It is a perennial plant, stems herba-
ceous, erect, branching, of a brown color, and two or three feet in height;
the leaves are opposite, ovate, oblong, acute at both ends, and somewhat
downy beneath; the cymes are pedunculate, many-flowered and pubes-
cent; the corolla is small and greenish, with a tube not longer than
the calyx, and with an erect border. The pod, or follicle is from three
to five inches long, and resembles the pods of the asclepias syriaca, or
common silk-weed, but are much smaller.
64
NEW REMEDIES.
The stalk and root abounds in a milky juice which concretes into
a substance closely resembling caoutchouc. It is the juice which
contains the active principles.
The root, which is the officinal part, is horizontal, five or six feet in
length, about one-third of an inch thick, dividing near the end into
branches, which terminate abruptly, of a yellowish brown color when
young, but dark chesnut when old, of a strong odor, and a nauseous,
somewhat acrid, and a permanently bitter taste.
It grows in damp places, by marshes and running streams, and is
indigenous to nearly every part of the United States.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the root. Triturations
of the root.
(The tincture should be dark red, or light brown, and of an
intensely bitter taste. It is made with Alcohol. I have used a
tincture made with Spirit. Nitri dulc., with most excellent effects. The
tincture and its dilutions seem to effect the urinary organs, and are
most efficacious in Dropsy, etc. An infusion of one ounce of the
fresh root in one quart of water, has been successfully administered
and seems to act more promptly in dropsy in teaspoonful doses than
any other preparation. The triturations seem to be most efficacious
in affections of the pulmonary organs.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-All the older writers (allopathic) absurdly
supposed this species to possess nearly indentical properties with the
A. androsemifolium. Although belonging to the same genus, they
can hardly be called remedial analogues.
Wood* says but little about it, and ranks it as emetic, cathartic,
sometimes diuretic, and, like other emetic substances, promotes
diaphoresis and expectoration. He says it produces much nausea,
diminishes the frequency of the pulse, and appears to produce drow-
siness independently of the exhaustion consequent upon vomiting.
He quotes the testimony of Drs. Knapp, Parrish and Griscomb, as to
its efficacy in dropsy.
Dr. Griscomb stated that this agent has four different and dis-
tinct operations upon the system, which it almost invariably produces,
viz. (1) Nausea and vomiting; (2) this is followed by increased
alvine discharges, which are succeeded (3) by copious perspiration,
and in many instances (4) by diuresis. I believe it was first brought
to the notice of the homoeopathic school by Dr. Gray, of New York,
in a clinical note to an edition of Hull's Jahr's Manual. It was then
used and proven by Dr. Marcy and Dr. J. C. Peters, of New York.
* Medical Dispensatory.
† Amer. Jour. Med. Sciences, XII 55.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
65
DR. PETERS' PROVING.
Dr. Peters took half wine glass full doses of Hunt's decoction,
three times a day-morning, noon and night. For the first few days
he noticed no perceptible effect, except an increased inclination
towards constipation. (This decoction must have been very weak for
a table-spoonfull of a decoction such as I have made, would have acted
on him as a powerful cathartic.) He noticed a decided scantiness of
urine; occasionally there was some flatulence, and slightly uneasy
sensation in the bowels. About the fourth day, decided distention of
the abdomen began to occur. Especially after a moderate dinner, all
the sense of fullness seemed about the stomach, liver and spleen,
while the lower bowels did not seem more flatulent than usual.
The sense of oppression about the epigastrium and chest was so
great, that there was often the greatest difficulty in getting breath
enough to speak with comfort, and this happened after lighter meals
than ordinary. He was confident that his urine diminished to one-third
the usual quantity, but there was no pain or uneasiness about the kidneys
or bladder, on the contrary, these organs felt remarkably comforta-
ble; they seemed simply torpid; the little water that was passed,
flowed as easily as if it were oil, and there seemed to be but little
expulsive power about the bladder. The urine was generally a light
golden sherry-yellow color, not depositing any sediment on exposure to
cold. "The torpid action of the kidneys was rather peculiar as the
weather was severely cold, and I was much exposed to it, and in my
ordinary state my kidneys act frequently and rather freely. It is
right to add that during the experiment I was growing stout, and had
just recovered from fever and ague, which may account for the oppres-
sion of the chest and flatulence." This may be, but his own experi-
ments afterwards brought on similar symptoms, even when the drug
was taken in minute doses. The symptoms observed by him and
others, will be found under their appropriate heads.
DR. MARCY'S PROVING.
"I took for 6 days, 5 drops, three times daily, of the 3d
dilution. No unusual sensations were observed until the fifth morning
of the proving, when on walking I felt a sinking at the stomach,
dryness of the mouth, thirst, nausea, irresistable disposition to
sigh, short and unsatisfactory respiration, short and dry cough,
scanty expectoration of white mucus. These symptoms continued
during the day, and on retiring, we had in addition unusual
heat of the skin, general restlessness and desire to sleep with-
5
66
NEW REMEDIES.
out the ability to do so. During the entire day, urine was natural
in quantity, and gave the same color to test papers as in health.
The night of the fifth was one of great restlessness and little sleep.
On the morning of the sixth day we awoke at about five o'clock,
unrefreshed by our sleep, and with the same symptoms as on the fifth
day, with exception of a dimininution of the quantity of urine. Dur-
ing this day we were unable to detect any alteration in the composition
of the urine, either by test of paper or with acids. The symptoms
of the seventh day and night were a continuation of the sixth, on the
eighth day the stomach and chest symptoms had diminished, but the
urinary secretion had increased in quantity and much ligher in color
than in health. On the evening of the eighth day we experienced an
unusual heaviness of the head, with aching pains in the small of the
back and limbs. There was no tenderness of the region of the
kidneys on pressure, but a slight soreness of the parts when bringing
the muscles into action, indicating the muscles as the scat of the pains.
From the ninth day the symptoms continued very gradually to decline
until the thirteenth day, after which no further abnormal phenomena
were observed.”
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above fragmentary provings are
very suggestive. The groups of symptoms resemble those of
non-inflammatory dropsy, having a rheumatic or congestive origin. We
often meet such symptoms in practice, where it is difficult to give a
satisfactory diagnosis. Before we can know the action of Apocynum,
we shall have to make pathological provings of the drug. In cases
of general debility from a watery condition of the blood and poor
digestion, if at the same time there is scanty urine, Apcynum will
restore the strength and tone of the system.
Skin.-Unusual heat of the skin. Cold skin-with nausea,
vomiting, etc. Copious sweating.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In nearly all the dropsies, the skin is
dry and harsh. When from natural processes or from the action of
medicines the skin becomes moist and soft, we may be pretty sure
improvement will soon follow. Whenever I have been successful in
the use of Apocynum, the skin became moist before the urinary
secretion became more abundant. It has been found useful in some
inveterate eruptions, as psoriasis.
Sleep.-Desire to sleep without the ability to do so. Great restless-
ness with little sleep at night. On retiring, unusual heat of skin;
waking unrefreshed about 5 A. M. Induces a tendency to sleep. Sleep-
iness with heaviness of the head.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In nearly all the dropsies, especially
post-scarlatinal, the patient is feverish at night, and very restless.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
67
This often occurs before the dropsical effusion is noticed. In this
stage the Apocynum will prevent the malady from being established.
Fever.—Unusual heat of the skin with general restlessness and
desire to sleep, with inability to do so-at night. Pulse very slow,
with nausea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Trent claims for the Apoc. anti-
periodic virtues, but he gave it combined with oil of black pepper.
Such observations as made by the allopathic school are perfectly
worthless, yet upon such flimsy foundations does their vaunted
Materia Medica depend! It is probably not useful for the ague
properly, but is of value in the dropsical sequela which so often
follow that disease. It is homeopathic to thoracic oppression, the
bloating of the stomach and bowels after eating; the oedema and even
night sweats; in all of which I have used it with advantage in the
2d and 3d dilutions.
In Catarrhal fever with nightly exacerbation, short dry cough with
scanty expectoration of white mucus, and oppression of the chest, it
will be found curative.
Head.-Heaviness in the head. Heavy stupid headache with
drowsiness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is undoubtedly slightly narcotic in
its effects. The drowsiness which it causes is very similar to that
which occurs in all dropsical affections which have reached a high
degree of intensity. In such cases sleepiness is an unfavorable
symptom, and should warn us to be on our guard against coma and
apoplexy. In such conditions we have in this medicine a prompt and
reliable remedy. Several times in the course of my practice have I
rescued my patients by giving promptly the Apocynum. If the
dilutions failed of effect, as they sometime will in cases marked by
such torpidity, I have not hesitated to resort to the decoction, for I
have ever considered the life of my patients to be of more importance
than a blind adherence to established forms. We should recollect,
moreover, that the tincture is not always the best preparation. With
many valuable plants the decoction is the best method of adminis-
tration, because hot water alone is capable of extracting all their
medicinal virtues.
In a case of supposed Hydrocephalus in a child of Prof. Renwick,
of New York, aged 16 months, after all other remedies had been
given up and the case regarded as hopeless, the use of a decoction of
Indian hemp was followed by perfect recovery. The sutures of the
head were opened; the forehead projecting considerably; the sight of
one eye totally lost; the other slightly sensible; the child lying in a
stupor, with constant involuntary motion of one leg and arm. The
urinary secretion had ceased for more than twenty-four hours.
A tea of Apocynum was prepared by dropping pieces of the root
into a coffee pot until nearly full, covering with water, and steeping
for half an hour; of this a teaspoonful was given every hour. In
68
NEW REMEDIES.
the course of a few hours free action of the kidneys was restored:
the sight of both eyes were perfect; stupor and insensibility passed
away. The child steadily convalesced, though the hemp was given
for a fortnight, gradually diminishing the dose, until but half a tea-
spoonful was given in twenty-four hours." This was undoubtedly a
case of hydrocephalus, and the Apocynum as undoubtedly cured it.
The lower dilutions may have done as well perhaps as the higher;
but in such a case, of a generally fatal disease, what conscientious
physician would hesitate to use other preparations? The dose given
was not more than 10 or 15 drops of a 1st decimal dilution would
contain, and no pathogenetic symptoms were caused. One cannot
but be struck with the similarity between the symptoms cured, and
those for which Hartmann so confidently recommends Helleborus. In
fact, the two medicines are very nearly allied. Some undoubted
cures of hydrocephalus have been made with Helleborus, but we have
given it faithfully and in various potencies in that disease; and yet
the little patients died. What physician has not lost patients with
that dreadful malady in spite of Belladonna, Hellebore, Sulphur and
Zinc? How gladly we would have resorted to any remedy, in any
form, if we thought it would restore health? Let a fair trial, then,
be given the Apocynum.
Since the publication of the above in the first edition, Dr.
Waterman has verified the clinical experience of this remedy in
Hydrocephalus, as the following case shows:
On the 21st of May I was called to a case of undoubted Hydro-
cephalus, in a child twelve months old, given up six days before by
the attending physician. Symptoms,-Paralysis of left side; one
eye motionless, the other rolling, with tendency to dryness of lower
part of cornea; bowels distended; pulse slow. I gave drop doses of
the tincture every half hour alone, for first twenty-four hours. On
the 22d I found the case decidedly improved; all of the above
symptoms gone, and a green diarrhoea developed. Gave the same.
with Iris versicolor, 1st dec. dil., in alternation every half hour.
23d passages yellow and natural, with some cough. Gave Apocynum
with Macrotin first, once an hour, which was continued until the 25th,
when the case was discharged cured.'
The
Eyes. - "I was once waked up early in the morning with severe
irritation of the left eye, as if several sharp grains of sand were in
it, attended with much heat, irritation and redness, often lasting
several hours. This disappeared as suddenly as it came on, not
leaving a trace behind; although the symptoms were severe enough
to make me believe I had an attack of catarrhal rheumatic ophthal-
mia, which would last at least three or four days.”—Peters.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms would indicate
its usefulness in some forms of Ophthalmia. In the case of hydro-
cephalus, it restored sight to one eye. It may prove very useful in
many diseases of the eye and disorders of vision due to effused fluids
in the eye or brain.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
69
Ears. In hydrocephalus there is often more or less deafness, for
which condition this remedy will prove curative.
Nose." A very peculiar catarrhal attack was experienced, viz.:
without any other sign of having taken cold, I would wake up in the
morning with the nostrils and throat filled with thick and well
cemented, yellow mucus, as if I had had a severe catarrh for at least
seven or ten days, and which had skipped its first stage and com-
menced in the second."-Peters.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The action of Apocynum on the mu-
cous surfaces is not yet fully understood. I have cured one case of
obstinate Nasal catarrh with the first dilution. It seems to cause
catarrhal states similar in nature to those induced by Pulsatilla, Sum-
bul, Copaiva and Paris quadrifolia, Dr. Marsden writes of its use in
coryza or cold in the head.*
Some years since, when engaged in making the first decimal
trituration of the root of this plant, I observed that the schneiderian
membrane became affected very similarly to what is experienced
when suffering from a very bad cold in the head. I have been sub-
ject to severe attacks of coryza from my childhood, and am quite
familiar with its symptoms, and immediately noticed the very close
resemblance between these and those produced by inhaling the
pulverized Apocynum. This experience suggested the idea that this
plant might prove curative in the affection which had been a source
of annoyance to me all my life. The first opportunity that offered, I
tested the remedy upon myself both by snuffing and internal exhibi-
tion, and to my great delight experienced speedy relief. At least I
had, so nearly as I can remember, always found that when the char-
acteristic dryness of the nose set in, it was followed by an exceedingly
irritating watery discharge, which lasted for several days, mostly
involving the eyes, and passing off in abundant secretion of thick
mucus. But when I used the Apocynum, immediately on experienc-
ing the first morbid sensation, the disease in almost every instance
abated and insensibly passed away in a day or two. I have frequently
prescribed this remedy for infantile Coryza, which is often fatal in
very young children by interfering with respiration, and very gener-
ally the results have been quite satisfactory.
"
Although I had noticed years ago the pathogenetic effects of
Apocynum when inhaled in a minutely divided state, on the schneiderian
membrane, I did not, till quite lately, meet with similar effects from
its internal exhibition. About the middle of November last, I had a
lady under my care, the subject of Ascites, and to whom the necessity
for tapping was then imminent; she was exceedingly anxious to avoid
the operation, and wishing myself to gratify her if possible, I pre-
scribed a decoction of the fresh root of the plant according to a
suggestion in Dr. Hale's New Provings,† a small tablespoonful to be
taken every two hours. Towards the evening of I think the third
* American Homeopathic Observer, Vol. 11, page 33.
† First Edition.
70
NEW REMEDIES.
day after she began the medicine, she complained of dryness and
stiffness in the nose, chilliness and general malaise. She asked me if
these symptoms could be produced by the medicine she was taking,
as she had not exposed herself in any way by which she could take
cold, and that she had never taken cold in the head, but always in
the throat and breast. She discontinued the medicine when she went
to bed, was somewhat feverish during the early part of the night,
but in the morning all the symptoms had disappeared. She resumed
the medicine, the symptoms returned in the afternoon, and in the
evening she finally discontinued it. The next day the coryza had
disappeared, followed by no discharge of mucus or any other effect
such as commonly occurs. I had twice given the tincture of the
root to this lady before, in considerable doses, and although I was
always disappointed in obtaining the desired effect upon the dropsy,
it was in both instances followed by uterine hæmorrhage, she being
past the turn of life.
"I would remark, that to derive benefit from this remedy in
coryza, it is prudent to begin it with the first admonition of taking
cold, to persevere in its use, and I need hardly add avoid such expos-
ures as tend to increase the disease and neutralize the effect of the
medicine. I prefer for snuffing a very small quantity of the bark of
the root, reduced by itself to an impalpable powder."
Mouth.-Dryness of the mouth, with nausea, thirst, &c. (See
general symptoms.) Dryness of the tongue.
Throat.-Throat filled with thick, well concreted yellow mucus
in the morning. Unpleasant degree of heat in the throat.
Clinical ObsERVATIONS.-Some persons are much troubled with
hawking of yellow mucus from the throat and fauces every morning.
In such cases the Apocynum will probably give relief.
Stomach.-Distention of the stomach after meals. Sense of
great oppression about the epigastrium, with great difficulty of getting
breath, after lighter meals than ordinary. Occasionally a sense of
sinking was experienced at the pit of the stomach, with general but
transient debility. Sinking at the stomach (this is a prominent
symptom of the drug). Violent vomiting, with prostration and
drowsiness. Increases the appetite and digestion (curative).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It causes symptoms of the stomach
similar to those which are nearly always presented in cases of impend-
ing or existing dropsy. It should be tried in that troublesome
symptom-"Sinking
symptom-" Sinking at the stomach "—which occurs in women at
the climacteric period. In diabetes this symptom is nearly always
present, and may be relieved by this drug. It seems quite homoeo-
pathic to the vomiting which occurs in the first stage of hydrocepha-
lus, for "violent vomiting with drowsiness" is quite pathognomonic
of that disease. Dr. Freligh cured with it an "irritable stomach so
bad that the patient could not retain even a draught of water," which
occurred as a complication of dropsy.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
71
Abdomen. Decided distention of the abdomen, especially after
a moderate dinner. The upper bowels seemed distended-the lower
not at all. Occasional flatulence, with slightly uneasy sensations in
the bowels.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Of the great value of Apocynum in
Ascites we have an immense amount of proof from the allopathic,
cclectic, and homoeopathic physicians. All unite in pronouncing it
a generally useful remedy, a veritable " vegetable trocar," as Dr.
Rush called it.
The mass of evidence in its favor would fill many pages, and we
will only record a few of the most prominent cases.
The first accounts of its great value in Ascites were from the
reports of Dr. Griscomb, in the American Journal of Medical
Sciences, Vol. XII. Afterwards, Prof. Merril, Dr. Knapp, Dr. Val-
entine Mott, and Prof. Lee, and many others bore testimony to its
great usefulness.
Prof. Merril related to his class a case of Ascites in a boy of 12
years old, which was promptly relieved by this remedy, after every
other treatment had failed, and the disease had progressed so far that
a time had been fixed for the operation of tapping. The extract was
given, first in doses of one grain, afterwards increased to ten grains,
three times a day. The effects were, moderate catharsis of a bilious
and feculent character, free diuresis, without being profuse, and
copious perspiration. Great relief and relaxation was obtained in
the first twenty-four hours, and in five days there was no hydropic
condition remaining." (Other cases of Ascites will be found under
the head of "General Dropsy.")
To Dr. John F. Gray, of New York, is due the credit of fairly
introducing this remedy in the treatment of dropsical affections. He
could, if he would, make known hundreds of cases successfully
treated by the Apocynum. But with advancing years he has an
invincible dislike to making his great and varied experience public.
Happily, other homoeopathic physicians have reported cases of anas-
arca, etc., of great value to the profession.
He
Dr. Jas. T. Alley, in the N. A. Journal, reports a case of Ascites,
supposed to be caused by cirrhosis or hobnail liver. In this instance
it was used in conjunction with Apis and Nitro-muriatic acid.
bears testimony to its value in cases of dropsy "when there is no
organic derangement to impede its action." Even when there is. he
thinks it may aid other and more specific remedies. In "Abdominal
dropsy from hob-nail liver, I believe it to be a sure, though not rapid
remedy." He gave quite large doses, as much," he says, "as could
be perfectly well borne without disturbance to the digestive organs.
In Hull's Jahr is reported a case of Ascites caused by Quinine,
cured by Apocynum.
Dr. Freligh (N. A. Jour., Vol. IV., p. 519,) reports several cases
of Ascites cured with this drug:
"Mrs. C., aged 49, and Miss M., aged 23. The former was
72
NEW REMEDIES.
referable to a cessation of the menses, and the latter arose from con-
gestion of the liver and portal system.
(C
Within six months I treated an aged lady, who had been under
treatment for the best part of eight months by one of the professors
of our city, who pronounced the case 'incurable organic disease of
the heart.' It was cured with Apocynum."
-
The
I once cured a notable case of Ascites with this remedy.
patient was a lady, aged 45. Her climacteric period had passed
without much disturbance. She caught a severe cold in the month
of March; had some fever and pain in the bowels, and was treated
by an eclectic physician for "inflammation of the bowels." When
I first saw her she was much emaciated, very weak, no appetite, red
tongue and sore throat, abdomen slightly distended, and the seat of
a great deal of heavy, "bruised" pain. The urine was scanty, high
colored, and bowels costive. The treatment was commenced with Ar-
senicum 30. No improvement following in a week, the 3d, and finally
the first trituration was given, but the Ascites rapidly increased. For
six weeks various remedies were tried, among which were Kali carb.,
Helleborus, China, Colchicum, Cantharis, Cannabis, and Kali iod.,
but no benefit accrued from any thing. The effusion had now increased
to an enormous extent. She was obliged to sit in a chair all the time.
Lying down brought on fits of suffocative dyspnoea. Her body and
extremities were exceedingly emaciated. No oedema of the feet.
Urine nearly suppressed; only one or two ounces a day. Bowels
very constipated, moving only every four or five days. At this time,
an experienced allopathic physician was called in, who advised blue
pill, gamboge, and a resort to tapping. This treatment was not
tried. I then gave Apocynum', for two days; no effect; then 10
drops of the tincture every two hours for two days She got worse.
Then I made a decoction of the dry root, half ounce to one pint of
water. Of this she took a tablespoonful every four hours, but no
effect was noticed. I proposed tapping to save her life, but she
decidedly refused to submit to the operation. I then procured some
of the fresh root (in the month of July), and made a decoction (one
ounce to one pint of water). She took a tablespoonful of this every
two hours. In twelve hours the urine became more profuse, the
bowels moved freely, the skin became moist, no nausea or pain was
produced. In a week she could lie down and sleep all night. Under
the use of similar doses, four times a day, she ultimately recovered,
and in two months was considered as healthy and strong as ever.
Bowels. From small doses; loose feculent bilious stools, with
slight uneasiness in the abdomen. Loose, but not very copious bilious
stools. Sensation as if diarrhoea would occur. From very large
doses; copious watery discharges with severe griping pains, nausea
and vomiting, slow pulse, cool skin and copious perspiration.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—In moderate doses it does not seem to
irritate the bowels much. The best allopathic authorities do not
deem it necessary to produce its hydrogogue effects in the treatment
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
73
of Dropsy; Prof. Lee says it need not be given, even to nausea, all
its best cures have been made without giving it to the extent of
causing watery evacuations. It has even cured Dropsy, while the
bowels remained obstinately costive and the stools light colored. Dr.
Paine, of New York, states that it has been used successfully for
Diarrhoeas and Intestinal hemorrhages, and suggests it in Cholera
morbus, and Cholera-infantum.
Dr. D. W. Rogers, of Cold-water, Mich., reports the following
cases illustrative of its use in Dropsy and Chronic diarrhæa: "A
middle-aged lady who had been an invalid many years, and suffered
much from the combined effects of disease and the doctors, applied
to me for the relief of a thin, watery diarrhoea, with discharge of
undigested food. Pulsatilla and Arsenicum removed the lienteric
character of the evacuations and the frequency of the stools, but the
diarrhoea was otherwise the same.
"The patient was a thin, spare woman; has had prolapsus uteri
for a long time. For many years she has been troubled with alter-
nate constipation and diarrhea. The latter commencing in the
spring and lasting continuously until cold weather commences, when
obstinate constipation sets in and continues until warm weather the
next season.
"With the diarrhea she now had ascites, This and other symp-
toms led me to prescribe Apocynum cann. in the 2d dilution, two
drops every two hours. She had only one diarrheic stool after the
second dose of the remedy; since that time the evacuations have
been normal; the size of the abdomen is rapidly decreasing; from
being low-spirited and morose, she has become cheerful and hopeful;
says she never experienced such prompt relief from any other
medicine.
"I report this case to call attention to the Apocynum cann. in
Dropsy complicated with Diarrhea.”
Kidneys and Urine.-Dull aching.pain in the region of the kid-
neys, with increased secretion of straw-colored urine. No tenderness
in the region of the kidneys on pressure, nor was the composition of
the urine changed any. (Marcy's proving with 3d dil.) Decided
scantiness of urine. Urine diminished to one-third the usual quantity,
but no pain or uneasiness about the kidneys or bladder. The little
water that passed flowed as easily as if it were oil, and there seemed
to be but little expulsive power about the bladder. The urine was
generally of a light golden sherry-yellow color, not depositing any
sediment on exposure to cold. Very peculiar torpid action of the
kidneys. (Peters' proving with large doses.) Very profuse, light
colored urine. Several quarts, and even gallons of urine were passed
every day. It causes copious diuresis when given in dropsy.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In all the provings, so far, it has caused
no particular pain in the urinary organs, but a decided scantiness of
74
NEW REMEDIES.
urine. Probably the experiments were not thorough enough. My
experience is, that it is the most reliable diuretic in use.
No drug
may be more confidently relied on to produce profuse urination, when
given in disease.
Dr. Freligh says: "I have found it equally efficient in urinary
difficulties, particularly dysuria, strangury and anury, and it
appeared quite immaterial, judging from its effects, whether the
symptoms depended upon common catarrh of the bladder, diseases of
the prostrate, or upon a morbid irritation of the bladder, and whether
from gravel, or from a want of tone in the parts concerned in its
evacuation. I have never known it to fail even in cases of retention
depending upon paralysis, having used it successfully, in a case of
paralysis of the inferior extremities, caused by injury to the spine.
Every remedy had been tried in vain, and the catheter afforded the
only relief, which had been used once and sometimes twice a day for
a fortnight. The first dose had the desired effect; I have treated
many other interesting cases of urinary difficulty successfully with
the Apocynum. The doses administered in the case referred to, were
from two to five drops of the tincture, (never more than seven) in a
tumbler two-thirds full of pure cold water, a dessert-spoonful given,
for the dropsical affections, every four hours in urinary difficulties
every hour until relief was afforded."
Dr. Freligh reports several cases of Dropsy treated with the
Apocynum :
Mr. L. aged 64, who had been under medical treatment for scv-
eral months, and gradually grew worse, until his symptoms were of
the most alarming character, and threatened immediate suffocation.
I found him laboring under the most agonizing difficulty of breathing,
being supported in the sitting position in bed, by two or three persons
alternately. His stomach was in such an irritable condition that he
could not retain even a draught of cold water, countenance expressive
of anguish, abdomen distended, urine entirely suppressed and very
extensive odema. This case was denominated organic disease of the
heart by his physician. In a fortnight from the time I recommended
the treatment, he rode out with case and comfort, and now appears
perfectly well. If the diagnosis of the other physician was correct,
the Apocynum will not only cure dropsy depending upon organic
disease of the heart, in a less time than would appear credible, but
also the primary or original disease, pronounced incurable."
"Mr. G. aged 62, Ascites, and anasarca, and œdema of the
inferior extremities, succeeding typhus. His abdomen very much
distended and painful, pulse small and irregular, skin dry and husky,
urine high-colored, diminished in quantity, voided with difficulty,
breathing very laborious."
"Master P. aged 8, Post-scarlatinal dropsy, face much swollen,
also neck, chest and extremities. When I was called they thought
him dying; he was gasping for breath and could not utter a syllable
although perfectly conscious and would answer by signs Dr. F.
adds that during the last seven or eight years he has used the
Apocynum with the most decided success in almost every form of
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
75
dropsy. He has succeeded with it in hydrothorax, ascites and gen-
eral anasurca, when Arsenicum, Apis, Hellebore, Digitalis and Kali
iod., with vapor baths, etc., have failed.
Dr. Peters has reported several interesting cases:
CASE 1. A gentleman aged 70, over six feet high and splendidly
proportioned, became dropsical. The urine became scanty, bowels
constipated, feet, legs and abdomen grew slowly larger, and gradually
great difficulty in breathing from the slightest exertion or on lying
down ensued. From the thickness of the abdominal walls, and the
great quantity of fat in the omentum, fluctuation in the abdomen was
long masked, but finally became very distinct. The thickness of the
walls of the chest also rendered the physical signs of Hydrothorax
indistinct for a long time, but they finally became very manifest.
The action of the heart became very feeble, but was always distinct,
the pulse often vanished down to a mere thread, was often almost
imperceptible for several beats, frequently so compressible that slight
« pressure would obliterate for the time, and altogether so strangely
irregular, weak and intermitting, that the sudden death of the patient
was expected as a matter of course. Those symptoms progressed
steadily in spite of the use of Arsenicum, Hellebore, Scilla, Digitalis,
China, etc. He was finally put upon the use of Hunt's decoction of
Apocynum, at the suggestion of Dr. Gray, commencing with tea-
spoonful doses every two or three hours. In less than forty-eight
hours the patient was comparatively comfortable, was able to lie down
and sleep with pleasure, whereas previously he had looked forward
to the approaching night with the utmost dread and horror; the urine
increased moderately and steadily, and in a few weeks, the patient,
who had been ill for upwards of four months, was not only well, but
felt better than he had for years. The bowels remained sluggish
under the use of the hemp. This improved state of things lasted
for more than a year, then a relapse was speedily cured by hemp;
a third attack was cured by Apis; a fourth by Digitalis, Squills and
Mercurius; and a fifth by Iodide of Potash. During the larger
portion of this time the patient had contracted a most invincible dis-
like to Apocynum; but in a sixth attack, all the other remedies failing,
he was persuaded to resume the hemp, after his condition was almost
hopeless, and distressing in the extreme, from excessive oppression
and difficulty of breathing, etc., hydrothorax and oedema of the lungs,
inability to walk or step without being thrown into the most violent
suffocating attacks, and in short from the numerous and complicated
symptoms of general anasarca, ascites, hydrothorax, hydro-pericar-
dium, etc. After using the Apocynum three or four days, in doses of
one-third of a wine-glass-full three times a day, the urine increased
from less than a pint in twenty-five hours, to fully three quarts, with
a progressing diminution of all the symptoms. The case has since
died without any return of the Dropsy."
CASE 2. "A man aged 32, had suffered with Anasarca, Ascites
and commencing hydrothorax for many weeks, under active allopathic
treatment by means of Cream of Tartar and Digitalis, Elaterium, etc.
76
NEW REMEDIES.
When I first saw him, his largest pantaloons had to be cut open and
tied with strings, to accommodate his elephantine limbs; he was
utterly unable to lie down or sleep; urine especially scanty and
bowels costive. The Apocynum was commenced in table-spoonful
doses, gradually increased to a wine-glass full every four hours, by
night and day; this was continued for upwards of ten days without
any unpleasant symptoms, the urine slowly commenced to increase,
and finally became enormous in amount. In less than a month he
was entirely well; was soon able to go to sea, and remains well until
this day, upwards of two years after.'
""
CASE 3. "A gentleman aged 67, had gradually been growing
dropsical for eleven months; he had first been treated homoeopath-
ically in the country, by an exceedingly able, but excessively high
dilutionist; he then fell into the hands of two of the most distin-
guished allopathic profession of this city; then he was again treated
with high dilutions for several weeks by one of our oldest and best-
known homopathists; finally he came into my hands and was
immediately put under the use of Apocynum. One desert spoonful.
per dose, every four hours; his urine which had been excessively
scanty for months and finally had decreased to a small half pint, in
twenty-four hours, thick, yellow and turbid, as if yellow clay had
been dissolved in it, increased to upwards of two quarts in one
night; two large chamber pots full were passed in one day. In less
than 48 hours after commencing the Apocynum the urine also became
clear and of a light straw-yellow color; all the signs of ascites, anas-
arca, hydrothorax and oedema of the lungs disappeared in less than
ten days, after using about one pint of Hunt's preparation of Apocy-
num, (about one-half oz. of mother tincture)."
CASE 4. "A gentleman, aged about 50, was attacked with
Inflammatory rheumatism, and treated by an eminent Old School
physician for about eight weeks, when he became discouraged from the
severity of his sufferings and placed himself under our care. He
had taken the usual routine medicines of the other school, Colchicum,
Mercury, Iodide of Potash, Opium, etc., etc., and when he came into
my hands, was reduced by the combined influence of the disease and
the drug to the following condition:
<<
'Severe rheumatic pains in the back, shoulders, elbows and wrist
joints, dull pains and great stiffness, and immobility in the lower
extremities, oedematous condition of both legs, effusion of water in
the chest and abdomen, excessive dyspnoea with constant sense of
suffocation, acute pains in the cardiac region at every respiration,
pulse rapid, feeble and very irregular, almost entire suppression of
urine, dry and hot skin, thirst, dull headache, excessive anxiety and
constant dread of suffocation, inability to assume the recumbent posi-
tion, dryness of the tongue and mouth, inability to sleep from constant
feeling of suffocation, short, dry and painful cough. For this group
of symptoms we prescribed the first dilution of Bryonia every hour.
After a few hours the rheumatic and cardiac pains were ameliorated,
and the oppression of the chest and difficult breathing were somewhat
better. At the expiration of ten hours we prescribed Aconite', in
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
77
V
alternation with Bryonia every hour. During the night, some ten
hours after the first dose of Aconite, the patient had profuse perspi-
ration for several hours, followed by an amendment of the entire
condition. These two remedies were continued for two days longer,
but caused no further improvement. The first dilution of Apis was
next ordered in drop doses, every two hours. This was continued for
three days without any notable improvement.
The patient was now ordered to take a teaspoonful of Hunt's
Apocynum every two hours. In a few hours the urinary secretion
was much increased, and it continued for several days, until the drop-
sical effusions, and the oedematous condition of the limbs, had entirely
disappeared. While under the use of Apocynum, occasional scarifi-
cations were made upon the legs and feet, giving exit to much serum.
As the dropsical effusions diminished, nearly all of the symptoms,
first enumerated, gradually disappeared, until finally the patient com-
plained of debility, and occasional paroxysms of palpitation of the
heart, the remains of the rheumatism. After a few weeks the patient
returned to his home in the West, remained in a comfortable condition
for several months, was again attacked with Dropsy and after an
illness of about two months, died." (Marcy.)
Apocynum is utterly useless in Bright's disease, except to
remove the Dropsy. I ought to add that albuminaria was present in
none of the above cases. It is also comparatively useless when
inflammation is present." (Peters.)
"I have seen it very effectual in Ascites in the hand of Dr. Okie
of Providence, and have seen it remove the dropsical accumulations
in Bright's disease, but never knew it to cure the disease." (Watson.)
Dr. Wm. P. Fowler says he prolonged the lives of three dropsi-
cal patients, in which the disease was Hepatic cirrhosis, (proved by
post mortem) for several years, by the use of Apocynum.
In Dropsy after Scarlatina the Apocynum has not been as
thoroughly tested as it should be. Before I became acquainted with
its value, I relied almost entirely upon Apis, Colchicum and Digitalis,
and with very good success. But now and then a case would occur,
marked by bloody urine, very scanty, with general oedema, which
would utterly resist the action of these remedies. My first case
treated with Apocynum, was a little girl, aged about two years, who
had been given up to die by the allopathic attendants, who had given
squills, calomel, cream of tartar, etc. No urine had been voided for
24 hours, and all that had passed for several days previously was
thick and black (from blood). I commenced with Apocynum, ten
drops of the tincture in half a tumbler of water, a spoonful every
hour. She was cured in a week of the Dropsy. The urine became
profuse in 48 hours. Since this case I have treated twenty or thirty,
and with uniform success. I never got much effect from the 3d
dil. Sometimes the tincture, even in drop doses, failed to act, but a
resort to a weak decoction of the fresh root always had prompt effects,
(one-half oz. of fresh root to one pint hot water, steep an hour or two.)
In several cases marked by excessive debility, and typhoid symptoms,
78
NEW REMEDIES
I
gave 10 drops of a tincture prepared with Spirit. Nitri dulc. instead
of alcohol. It acted beautifully. I am inclined to think this mode
of preparation a good one.
Prof. Lee, who claims to have had large experience with this
drug, says:
"It is more certain as a diuretic, if the skin is kept cool,
and cool drinks used. As the chief causes of dropsy are certain
pre-existing lesions of certain organs, as the heart, liver and kidneys,
we, of course can only expect our remedies to act a palliative, unless
these organic lesions can be removed. In cases of idiopathic dropsy,
when the exciting causes are external or physical agents, as cold,
conjoined with moisture, malaria, suppression of eruptions, or accus-
tomed discharges, excessive depletions, etc., etc., we may expect
curative effects from Apocynum, aided by other remedies adapted to
the pathological state."
În chronic and asthenic forms of dropsy, connected with a watery,
non-albuminous state of the blood, and general weakness of the
system, the Apocynum is most efficacious, in small and frequently
repeated doses. In cases dependent on mere debility and mal-nutri-
tion, this remedy aided by suitable diet, will often effect a permanent
In advanced stages of albuminuria when there is considerable
effusion, great relief may often be obtained from its use.
cure.
CASE 1.- General Dropsy in a man of 68, of plethoric habits,
brought on by exposure to cold. Small doses of the decoction were
given, and in a short time all the dropsical symptoms disappeared."
CASE 2.-" A lady of 58, of a full and plethoric habit, subject to
congestion of the brain, and paralytic seizures of a hemiplegic nature,
in which repeated bleedings had been practiced with apparent good
effect, but followed by serous effusion into the pleural, pericardial,
and peritoneal cavities, and cellular tissues generally, the effusion
was successfully removed by small doses of the decoction."
CASE 3.-"A gentleman of 66, a person of spare habit and
accustomed to luxurious living, began to be affected with cough,
shortness of breath and symptoms of aqueous deposit in the pleural
cavity followed by oedema of the extremities. The Apocynum was
found to exercise complete control over the disease for many years.
He finally died of dropsy."
Dr. Griscomb reports many cases of the same character, in which
the Apocynum was successful. In idiopathic dropsies it generally
effected a cure, while in dropsies depending on disease of the liver,
heart or kidneys, its effects were mainly palliative, prolonging life for
years. Probably, had it been aided by proper remedies, homoeopathic .
to the pathological conditions present, permanent cures might have
been effected.
Dr. H. M. Warren relates a cure of Hydrothorax by Apocynum
cannabinum.
'Mrs. V. R., Oct. 27th, a weak, nervous and delicate woman,
was pregnant with her second child, and expecting every day to be
confined. Six days previous to her confinement her feet and limbs
began to bloat, kidneys ceased to act, great dyspnoea, and a dry hack-
ing suffocating cough set in. Regardless of the dropsical condition
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM,
79
of the lower limbs, they mistook the symptoms for Asthma and
allowed the disease to continue, expecting every hour the attack
would yield. As she steadily grew worse and the dyspnoea increased,
they finally sent for me. I immediately notified them of the error
they had made, and informed them of the presence of water in the
chest. Gave Ars.³ centesimal through the day. The following night
she was confined, but contrary to my expectation the accumulation
of water continued. She could not breathe in any other but a sitting
position, with the head thrown forward. The coughing had increased
and was now incessant, great thirst, scanty urine, small, weak and
quick pulse, and clammy sweat. Continued Ars. and added Aconite
to allay the fever. Next morning found my patient even worse, if
possible. The friends were very much alarmed, and met me with,
"Well Doctor, if you can do anything to help her, it must be done
quickly." I prescribed Apocynum cann., five drops every two
hours. The result was satisfactory in the extreme. Next morning,
auscultation and percussion revealed the gratifying fact that the
water was diminishing in quantity; and the dyspnoea, cough and
anguish rapidly yielded to the magic virtues of the hemp."
Dr. F. X. Spranger reports the following cases:
I have lately treated several cases of Dropsy. The first case
being hydrothorax and anasarca, depending on organic disease of the
heart; percussion over the region of the heart was entirely soundless.
By the use of Apocynum can. every sign of dropsy disappeared in
two weeks; and percussion sound of the chest became natural. Pa-
tient feeling tolerable well, withdrew from treatment, not wishing to
take medicine for the heart disease.
CASE 2. A man 80 years of age: found him panting for breath,
face bloated, color of the lips, face and finger nails of a bluish-like
lead color, lower extremities, penis, scrotum and abdomen considera-
bly swollen, body covered with large drops of cold sweat; could
scarcely speak for want of breath. Prescribed Apocynum can.
Better in two days, and has continued to improve ever since,
(December). He now is able to go to church, although the disease of
the heart with which he is affected will probably carry him off before
long.
Several other cases of a similar and dissimilar character derived
great benefit from this remedy. I did not note the symptoms of the
cases clearly, but only mention them to confirm what has been writ-
ten by several authors on the virtues of Ayocynum can. in curing
dropsy. Whether it is homœopathic to dropsy, or carries the water
off mechanically, I do not know, for we have very few provings of
this drug, and therefore, we use it only empirically, and necessarily
in larger doses than any other drug of which we only have clinical
data.
The tincture used I purchased from Dr. Lodge, which is of
dark brown color. Five years ago I had some from an eastern phar-
macy which was of a gold yellow color, but which had no effect on
dropsy. I usually give five drops in a teaspoonful of water every
two hours.
Dr. C. C. Smith, of Stamford, Ct., reports the following:
80
NEW REMEDIES.
"I treated a case of general Dropsy with this drug, with the
following symptoms: Intense thirst, almost constant frontal head-
ache, severe and constant pain in region of kidneys, dry and harsh
feeling of the skin. Abdomen very much bloated, and the presence
of water very easily detected on percussion. Bloatedness of the
face, principally after lying down, passing off after sitting up. Hands
very much increased in size, so that they could not be shut.
Lower
limbs enormously swollen, as was also the testicles, the latter being
frightful to behold, and exceeding anything of the kind I had ever
seen. Testicles swollen so badly, the patient could neither sit, stand
nor lie with any comfort. Urine discharged pretty regularly, but
very scanty and red. Appetite good. Patient about 70 years old.
Dropsy produced by suppression of perspiration after a hard day's
work in cold weather.
Had been treated allopathically, but both his physicians deserted
the case. I dissolved about five grs. of Apocynum in a tumbler full
of water, and allowed the patient to take a full tablespoonful every
two hours, lengthening the time to three and then four hours, as the
case continued to progress favorably. In a few days a change for the
better set in, and the improvement continued steadily up to a perfect
cure, which was accomplished in about a month.
I also found the Apocynum to work like a charm in the following
case: A lady of full habit, nervous-lymphatic temperament, had
suffered for several days with the following symptoms: Severe aching
pain in lumbar region, accompanied with the most distressing" ardor
urinæ." Constant inclination to pass water, but only about a tea-
spoonful emitted each time. Constant moaning and tossing about.
No relief in any position. The usual remedies in such cases gave
no relief whatever, but three grs. of the Apocynum in a tumbler full
of water, administered in dessert-spoonful doses every hour, gave
instantaneous relief. The patient slept well that night, and had no
return of the difficulty. In this case there was a good deal of bear-
ing-down in the region of the bladder.
From the foregoing, the physician should get a pretty plain idea
of the sphere of action of this valuable drug, in the treatment of
dropsical affections. As the result of my individual experience, I
would lay down the following rules for its administration :
(1) In cases of acute idiopathic dropsies, use the dilutions, begin-
ning with the highest and descending more or less rapidly, according
to the progress of the disease.
(2) In chronic or atonic dropsies, (secondary) use the tincture, or
if necessary, the decoction, in one or two dram doses.
Sexual Organs.-The few experiments which have been made
with the hemp, have not developed any pathogenetic symptoms of the
male sexual organs. None of the provers were females, and its action
on the uterus, is only known by some curative effects noticed by J.
H. Marsden, M. D., who gives the following cases:
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
81
He says—
"For about ten years I have been in the habit of using
the Apocynum in arresting Menorrhagia as well as some other forms
of uterine hæmorrhage."
CASE 1. "A lady was laboring under alarming Uterine hæmor-
rhage. It was her regular catamenial period, the flow had been
moderate for a day or two, and then suddenly set in with so much
violence that she soon became too weak to be out of bed.
She was
about 25 years of age, the mother of three children; in her last
labor she had hemorrhage previous to delivery. When I arrived at
the bed side she was almost pulseless and disposed to faint when-
ever she attempted to raise her head from the pillow. There was
great irritability of the stomach, and vomiting. The hæmorrhage,
which ceased at intervals, always resumed when the vital powers
rallied, and the heart resumed in some degree its wonted action. The
blood was usually expelled in large clots, but sometimes was fluid.
I prescribed, one after the other, all the remedies laid down in the
books, but with no good results. Several days had now elapsed, and
I now resolved to try the Apocynum cann. I prepared some extem-
pore tincture from the fresh root. Hastening to the bedside, I found
the hæmorrhage still going on undiminished. I prescribed one drop
of my tincture (of uncertain strength) every hour. Almost imme-
diately after commencing the medicine the flow became less profuse,
and regularly and rapidly declined, without a single recurrence of its
violence."
She
She
CASE 2. The patient was a housekeeper, about 40 years of age,
accustomed to hard service, and but little careful of her health.
was the mother of one child, born about fifteen years before.
had been suffering from the most exhausting menorrhagia for about
six weeks, and had been taking medicine from an allopathic physician,
but without benefit. I found her greatly debilitated, pulse feeble
and quick, palpitations very troublesome whenever she attempted to
move about the house, stomach excessively irritable. She had been
obliged to leave off her occupations, and passed her time for the
most part in bed, or seated on a chair by the bedside. The discharge
was fluid, and still undiminished. I left Apocynum to be taken in
drop doses at an interval of two hours (same tincture as used in first
case.) The next day she had severe vomitings. Her stomach was
too irritable to bear the dose I had prescribed, and which was prob-
ably unnecessarily large. The discharge seemed, however, to be
diminished. After giving some medicines to allay the irritability of
the stomach, I again gave the hemp, a few drops in a teaspoonful of
6
82
NEW REMEDIES.
water. I believe I decreased the strength more than once, before
the remedy could be borne without creating nausea. The flow, how.
ever, still continued to diminish, and in about a week from the time
of my first visit was reported to have nearly ceased. It was, of
course, some time before the patient regained her strength. Upon
inquiry made some months afterwards, I was informed that at one or
two periods immediately subsequent, the flow was somewhat above
the normal amount, but soon subsided spontaneously, and that then
she was as regular as is usual at her time of life.
Dr. Marsden says he could furnish many other cases in his own
practice equally striking, but will only give the following, reported
to him by his friend and former pupil, Dr. W. H. Cook :-
Mrs. N., aged 38 years, was taken ill in June, 1863, with
Uterine hæmorrhage, and was attended by an allopathic physician
until about the middle of December following. During this period
she experienced the most frightful floodings, as she termed them,
and for more than three months of the time the flow was continuous,
requiring her to keep her bed for weeks together. After having
hæmorrhage for several weeks, she expelled a mass of membrane, (as
she has since informed me,) which I supposed to be the deciduous
lining of the uterus. But, even after this, the hæmorrhage contin-
ued, and in exhausting quantities-so much so, that there was not
a blood-vessel perceptible upon the surface of the body, and the
emaciation was extreme. She had only had a cessation of a couple
of weeks together, and but two or three times since the commence-
ment in June. The flow was excessive at the time of my first visit.
I saw her at 12 M., and after inquiring into the case, I left her four
grs. of the 1st dec. trit. of Apocynum can. (bark of the root) to be
dissolved in two oz. of water, a teaspoonful to be taken every hour
until the hæmorrhage should cease, or I should see her again. By
12 o'clock, midnight, the hæmorrhage had almost entirely ceased, and
she left off the medicine. I then gave her other remedies to assist
in recruiting her almost exhausted system, under the use of which
she improved rapidly. In about two weeks the hæmorrhage set in
again, when I left her the same perscription, and in less than twenty-
four hours all was right. Since that time there has been no return,
except at her catamenial periods, and then not excessive. I am now
(April 1864) treating her, with a prospect of success, for an ulcera-
ted os tincæ. I also gave the same prescription as the foregoing to
another lady who had suffered with Uterine hæmorrhage about three-
fourths of the time for several months. Some three months have
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.
83
since passed, and she now reports herself entirely rid of the trouble
and regular. When I first employed the Apocynum, as above stated,
I had seen no proving of that drug. In my own practice, however, I
have seen enough of its pathogenesis to satisfy me that it is homœo-
pathic to Uterine hæmorrhage. On two different occasions, when I
gave it to a lady past the turn of life, in doses of ten drops of the
tincture three or four times a day, for ascites, it had not the slightest
perceptible influence on that affection, but was followed in both
instances, after a few days, by the return of the catamenial flow, very
much in the natural manner. I also remember the case of a young
girl, in whom the catamenia had ceased without any apparent cause.
She still retained her health and usual appearance. After taking the
medicine in pretty large doses for a few days, she was reported all
“right." By the way, I would suggest that in cases where amen-
norrhoea depends not upon deranged health, but upon some strong
revulsion diverting the female circulation into other channels, this
remedy might be legitimately used, with the hope that by its primary
-effects it would restore the accustomed discharge, and break up the
abnormal condition of things.
Prof. G. W. Barnes, of Cleveland, writes:
"I have used Apocynum cannabinum with invariable success in
quite a number of cases of Amenorrhea in young girls, attended
with bloating of the abdomen and extremities.
I have had good
success with it, at least in one case of amenorrhoea in which the
latter symptoms were not marked."
Larynx, Bronchia and Chest.-Unpleasant sensation of heat
about the fauces and larynx.-(Freligh.) Irresistible disposition to
sigh. Short, dry cough, and scanty expectoration of white mucus
in the morning. Oppression of the chest on waking.-(Marcy.)
Sense of oppression about the epigastrium and chest. It was diffi.
cult to breathe enough to speak at times.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Eclectic physicians use it frequently
as an expectorant. They expect the same effects from it which the
allopath gets from his Ipecac., Squills, or Tartar emetic. It undoubt-
edly increases the natural secretions of the bronchial surfaces.
Such hints may be made useful.
be made useful. It indicates that we may use it in
hoarse, loose coughs, with heat of the fauces; or cough with oppres-
sion of the chest; or short, dry cough, with scanty expectoration.
Accompanying hydrothorax, and even ascites, we generally find a
short, dry cough with oppression, and in such cases Apocynum is
doubly indicated, both for the cough and dropsy. It has cured many
cases of hydrothorax, and relieved many cases of dropsy from heart
disease. As it causes the pulse to be slow, it probably quiets the
84
NEW REMEDIES.
action of the heart-a very important desideratum in hydro-pericar
dium.
Back and Extremities.-Unusual heaviness of the head, with
dull, aching pains in the small of the back and limbs. There was
no tenderness of the region of the kidneys on pressure, but a slight
soreness of the parts when bringing the muscles into action, thus
indicating the muscles as the seat of the pains.-(Marcy) Hard
aching was felt several times in both knees, sufficiently severe to
make me fear that an attack of inflammatory rheumatism was com-
ing on.
g
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. It may be found useful in some rheu
matic affections, but probably more for the after effects, as oedema.
In Synovitis, after the acute stage has passed, it will probably help to
cause absorption of the effused finid. It has been found usefnĺ in
oedema of the feet and ankles remaining after typhus.
APOCYNUM ANDROSEMIFOLIUM.
(Dog's-bane.)
ANALOGUES: Aconite, Asclepias tuberosa, Bryonia, Colchicum,
Cimicifuga, Iris versicolor, Podophyllum.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This in an indigenous, perennial,
herbaceous plant, from three to six feet in height, and abounding in a
milky juice which exudes when any part of the plant is wounded.
The stem is smooth and simple below, branched above, usually red on
the side exposed to the sun, and covered with a tough fibrous bark.
It grows in all parts of the United States, from Carolina to Canada;
is found along fences, wet places, the skirts of woods, and flowers in
June and July. The leaves are opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, entire,
smooth on both edges, and two or three inches long. The flowers are
white, tinged with red, and grow in loose, nodding, terminal or axillary
cymes. The peduncles are furnished with very small and acute
bractes. The tube of the corolla is larger than the calyx, and its
border spreading. The fruit consists of a pair of long, linear acute
follicles, containing numerous imbricated seeds, attached to a central
receptacle and each furnished wtih a long seed-down. The root, which
is the part employed, is large, and like other parts of the plant,
contains a milky juice. Its taste is unpleasant and extremely bitter.
"The flowers have a pleasant, honey-like odor, and contain that
substance. Bees and other insects collect this honey; but small flies
are often caught by inserting their proboscis between the fissures of
the anthers, when it is not easy for them to extricate it. They are
often seen dead in that confined situation, after unavailing struggles-
APOCYNUM ANDROSEMIFOLIUM.
85
whence one of the names of the plant, catchfly. No animals eat it."
(Rafinesque.)
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the root, or whole plant;
dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant is known by many common names
illustrative of certain physical qualities which it possesses. The
name, Apocynum, is from the Greck-meaning dog's-bane; alluding,
probably, to the poisonous effects of the European genus, when given
to the canine species. It is called Milk-weed, Catch-fly, Fly-trap,
Bitter-root, Honey-bloom, etc.
The root, when chewed, has an intensely bitter taste, very unpleas -
ant; this taste is perceptible in the whole plant, except the flower.
A decoction is of a red color, and very bitter. A tincture with alco-
hol is colorless, but very bitter. It contains, therefore, a bitter
principle, soluble in water and alcohol, and a coloring principle, not
soluble in alcohol. It also contains a volatile oil. Bigelow says the
milk-like juice contains caoutchouc. I would advise homoeopathic
pharmaceutists to make the tincture with dilute alcohol, and use the
fresh, whole plant, collected just after the flowering season, in August.
This species of Apocynum has not been much used in medicine,
although Rafinesque* made it the officinal species, and barely alludes
to the now more prominent A. cannabinum. He says of the A. andro-
semifolium :
"This is a very active plant, highly valued by the Southern
Indians. It is tonic, emetic, alterative, and [anti-] syphilitic. The
root is the most powerful part; but it must be used fresh, since time
diminishes or destroys its power. The Chickasaw and Choctaw
nations employ it in syphilis, and consider it a specific. They use
the fresh root, chewed, swallowing only the juice. This latter use
has been introduced into Tennessee and Kentucky, as a great secret.
It must act as a tonic in all these cases, tonics being often emetic and
anti-venereal."
When it
King says it is emetic, tonic, diaphoretic and laxative.
is required to promptly empty the stomach, without causing much
nausea, or a relaxed condition of the muscular system, the powdered
root may be given in two or three scruple doses. However, it is said
to occasion a subsequent weakness or languor, from which the patient
is some time in recovering. * * * It is reputed useful in rheu-
matism." As an instance of the bungling manner in which Eclectics
use the "active principles,"—and indeed all medicines-King states
that the Apocynin obtained from this plant is "identical in virtue
and chemical constitution with that obtained from A. cannabinum.'
This should warn us from using the so-called "concentrated medi-
cines," made after such unscientific directions.
Scudder is equally at fault when he states that both species may
be used for similar purposes.
* Medical Botany, page 51.
† Materia Medica and Therapeutics (Eclectic).
86
NEW REMEDIES.
Since the appearance of the first edition of this work, no re-proving
has been made with this plant, and no clinical experience reported;
consequently I have but little to add. It is a little strange that a
medicine capable of causing such characteristic symptoms should be
neglected.
FIRST PROVING.
The following is the original proving by Dr. J. Henry, who
proved it upon himself and two ladies, in pretty large doses, ranging
from 50 to 1,800 drops of the mother tincture, of the fresh root.
(The tincture must have been a very weak preparation.) All the
provers were well when they commenced taking the medicine, with
the exception that one of the ladies had suffered from leucorrhoea,
and Dr. H. himself had suffered from hæmorrhoids.
May 14th-Each person took 50 drops, fasting in the morning.
Two of them felt cramps in the bottoms of the feet: the third had
violent heat of the bottoms of the feet, with profuse sweating of the
whole body.
May 15.-Each took 100 drops. All felt cramps and burning in the
bottoms of the feet, most severely in the right foot, with severe pain
in the joint of the left big toe, and heat in the right leg and knee.
One of the ladies and Dr. H. complained of great fullness and pain
in the head, of an indescribable chararcter. The next morning the
three persons complained of constipation of the bowels.
May 16th.-All took 150 drops, and experienced about the same
symptoms as on the 15th. Dr. H. felt tingling pain in his toes,
sharp pains in the middle; trembling of the body in two provers;
most delightful taste in the mouth of each. Everything smelled like
honey to Dr. H. All complained of pains in different parts of the
body, and Dr. H. of much pain in the knee and right shoulder. The
ladies complained of pain of all the teeth of the lower jaw, left side.
May 17th.-Each took 200 drops. Neither, except Dr. H., felt
cramps in the bottom of the feet. All experienced symptoms like
those felt on the 16th; pains and stiffness in the back of the head and
neck; dull heavy pain when breathing, seeming to go from above
downward.
May 18th.-Each took 250 drops. Dr. H. and one of the ladies
suffered from painful bilious diarrhoea.
May 19th. Each took 300 drops, and experienced heaviness of
the body, with a great desire to sleep; flying pains in different parts of
the system; pain in the head and back of the neck, swollen sensations
of the face and body, violent itching of body and face.
May 20th. —Each took 350 drops, and experienced all the above
symptoms, with profuse flow of clear urine; pulsating pain in back
of the head, and between the right hand and elbow, constipation of
two persons; diarrhoea of the third, with much pain and rumbling,
only two evacuations, but copious and affording much relicf.
May 21st.-Each took 400 drops and experienced much pain all
over the head; stiffness of the neck; pain on turning to the left side;
APOCYNUM ANDROSEMIFOLIUM.
87
itching and burning of the face, much lassitude, frequent assing of
clear urine.
May 22d.—Each took 450 drops, and felt all the previous symp-
toms, together with great sneezing, twitching of the face, most violent
pains in all the joints, great itching and irritation in left nostril.
May 23d. Each took 500 drops. Violent pain in the left zygo-
matic process, chilliness, lassitude, heat of head and neck, inability to
sleep at night, violent dreams, sleep not refreshing, pain in the left
groin, of a shooting character.
May 24th.-Each took 550 drops.
menstruation, lasting eight days, with
symptoms as before.
Ladies suffered from profuse
violent pressing pain; other
May 26th. Each took 650 drops. Some efforts to vomit; pain
increased in back of neck, and extending to front; pains severe above
each wrist. One prover had four bilious evacuations, another ten,
and another, constipation.
May 27th.-Each took 1,800 drops. All sick; vomiting, purging,
great prostration and trembling of the body.
These were truly heroic provings, bringing out boldly the charac-
teristic symptoms of the drug.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Nerves of sensation.-Although the remedy
produces a great many pains, and pain implies that the nervous sys-
tem is involved, still it would seem that these were not simple
nervous pains or neuralgias; but rather simulated rheumatic or myal-
gic pains. It may prove useful in rheumatic-neuralgias.
Nerves of Motion.-It produced cramps in the soles of the feet,
pain and stiffness in back and neck, sneezing, twitching of the face,
etc., yet it seems to act far more specifically upon the fibrous tissues
and nerves of sensation, than upon those of motion.
Fever and Inflammation.—It causes violent heat in the bottoms
of the feet, with a profuse sweating all over; heat and pain in the toes,
legs, and knees. Swollen sensation of the face and body, with violent
itching of those parts; pulsative pain in head and back of neck, and
between the right hand and elbow; chilliness, heat of head and neck,
so that one cannot sleep at night.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-According to Dr. Henry, it has been
much used in the South, in bilious deseases and fevers; in the marsh
fever of the rice plantations, in yellow fever, in colds and inflammation
of the bowels and lungs, in dysentery and diarrhoea; of all these it
seems most homoeopathic to bilious fever, when attended with bilious
diarrhoea, in rheumatic catarrhs, dysenteries and fevers.
On the Fibrous Tissues. This seems to be the great field of
its action. It has produced cramps in the feet, probably in the mus
cles and tendons; great pain in the joint of the big toe; heat in the
88
NEW REMEDIES.
right leg and knee; tingling pains in the toes, pains in different parts
of the body, but especially in the knee and right shoulder; pains and
stiffness in back of head and neck; dull heavy pain in the chest while
breathing; flying pains all over the system; most violent pain in all
the joints, etc.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-All the above prominent symptoms
were brought on by tangible doses of the drug. They seem to have
been specific, for all the provers felt them.
3
In Rheumatism and Rheumatic Gout, it is perhaps the mos
homœopathic remedy that we are yet acquainted with; it may be
most suitable in bilious subjects, or when there is a prominent bilious
disorder in connection with the rheumatism. It seems to be absorbed
into the system and to penetrate into the innermost portions of the
body, similarly to the rheumatic poison, and even to produce those crit-
ical evacuations from the bowels, skin liver and kidneys, which termin-
ate an attack of rheumatism; and according to the law of "Similia,"
it ought to be specific for that protean disease.
Mucous Membranes. We have no decided proof that it acts
specifically upon this tissue, although it produces sneezing and itching
of the nostrils, still it would seem homoeopathic to catarrhal affections
of a rheumatic character.
and
Skin.-It causes profuse sweating when taken in large doses; and
also a swollen sensation of the face and body, and itching all over,
burning itching of the face, etc.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It may prove useful in those disagreeable
perspirations which attend or follow rheumatic fever; and is certainly
indicated in prurigo, especially when attended with derangement of
the liver.
Head.—Great fullness and pain in the head; pains and stiffness
in the back of the head and neck. Pulsative pain in back of the
head, and between the right hand and elbow. Pain all over the head
with stiffness of the neck. Heat of head and neck, and chilliness,
lassitude, sleepiness and troublesome dreams. Great pain in all of
left side of head with pain above each wrist.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is homoeopathic to bilious, rheuma-
tic, and congestive headaches, especially when attended with rheumatic
pains in other parts, preceded by constipation, followed by diarrhoea
attended with swelling and itching of the face, and terminating with
profuse flow of urine, or perspiration. It is also indicated in rheuma-
tic or neuralgic hemicrania.
Eyes and Ears.-No symptoms involving these organs have yet
been evolved, but judging from its general effects, it ought to prove
useful in rheumatic affections of those organs.
APOCYNUM ANDROSEMIFOLIUM.
89
Nose. With the pains all over, had severe sneezing with great
itching aud irritation in nostrils. Everything smelled like honey.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--With the country people this plant in
decoction, is considered a specific for worms and verminous fever, and
in one case I saw good effects from it after Cina and Santonine
had failed. Its moderate use expelled large quantities of ascaridies.
The above symptoms of the nose, are such as often indicate the pres-
ence of worms.
Face and Teeth.-Swollen sensation of the face and body; vio-
lent itching of body and face; itching and burning of face, twitching
of the face. Pain in all the teeth of the lower jaw, left side.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. The sensation of swelling of the face
and body is also caused by Aconite, and is probably a purely nervous
sensation. The itching etc., is like that caused by Opium and Mor-
phia, is probaply of a nervous character, not like that caused by Rhus,
which indicates an impending eruption. The twitching of the face
and pain in the teeth, point it out as a remedy in those rheumatic
neuralgias of a similar character.
Gastric Symptoms.-Most delightful taste in the mouth of each.
Nausea and efforts to vomit. Vomiting, purging and great prostration.
Nausea with constipation, bilious vomiting.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-So uniform is its emetic effects in large
doses, that it was named by the botanics, American Ipecac. It gen-
erally caused profuse vomitiug of bile. When we have bilious vomiting
with or without diarrhoea; but with pains in the limbs, cramp in the
feet, etc., then the Apoc. andros. will prove a specific remedy. In
cases of gastric irritability and debilty from habitual biliousness, it
will improve the tone of the stomach.
Stomach and Bowels.-Flying pains in the stomach, fullness and
pain in right side (region of the liver,) with feeling as if something
would pass the bowels, with slight nausea. Constipation (from small
doses, 50 drops.) Bilious and painful diarrhoea. Diarrhoea attended
with pain and rumbling, but only two large evacuations, giving much
relief; 650 drops caused four bilious evacutions in one prover, two
in another, and constipation in a third; constipation and diarrhoea
every alternate day. The largest dose caused sickness, vomiting,
purging, prostration, etc.,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It indicated in bilious diarrhoea with
pain in the bowels and region of the liver; in constipation like that
caused by jaundice when the bile does not find its way into the bowels,
but is retained in the blood and tissues. It is indicated in bilious
headaches; also in bilious fever, when there is much heat and pain in
the head, great tendency to drowsiness, or restlessness with trouble-
some dreams, and either bilious diarrhoea or constipation, with pains in
the limbs.
90
NEW REMEDIES.
Urinary Ogans.-Profuse flow of clear urine. Frequent passing
of clear urine.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Previous to a bilious attack some per-
sons have profuse flow of clear urine, with chilliness, headache, etc.
This remedy would seem homoeopathic to such symptoms. It has been
usedsuccessfully in dropsy from diseasedliver.
Genital Organs.-Profuse menstruation, lasting eight days, and
attended with violent pressing down pain. One of the ladies was
troubled with leucorrhoea before taking the medicine.
She was
cured and has not since had a return.
CLINICAL REMARKS.-Prof. Lee says, "The Choctaw Indians use
it extensively for the cure of venereal affections, for which they
regard it as specific. They chew the fresh root, swallowing only the
juice. There is no doubt of its efficacy in secondary and tertiary
syphilis."
Back and Extremities. It caused severe pains in different parts
of the body, back of the head, arms, legs, feet, shoulder, and violent
pains in all the joints. (See "General Symptoms," and "Fibrous
Tissues.")
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No remedy seems more indicated by its
pathogenesis for muscular and articular rheumatism and Gout. We
hope to see it thoroughly tested in practice.
ARALIA RACEMOSA.
(Spikenard.)
ANALOGUES: (a) Asarum canadense, Chamomilla, Caulophyllum,
Trillium, (b) Rumex, Alnus rubra, Calendula.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is indigenous, but has some
properties in common with its English relative, the A. racemosa of
Linnæus. It also nearly resembles the A. nudicaulis, so much so
that King deems it to have about the same medicinal virtues. The
A. racemosa has a herbaceous, widely branched, smooth stem, three
or four feet in height, dark green or reddish, and arising from a thick
aromatic root. The leaves are decompound; the leaf-stalls divide.
into three partitions, each of which bears three or five large, ovate,
pointed, serrate, slightly downy leaflets. Umbels numerous, small,
arranged in branching racemes from the axilla of the leaves or
branches. It flowers in July, and grows in rich woodland. The root
is large, spicy, aromatic.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the fresh root and the
dilutions; triturations of the dried root.
ARALIA RACEMOSA.
91
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The root is much used by the country
people in the composition of beer, cough syrups and infusion in colds.
Culpepper says the "Spikenard is an Indian plant.*" Dioscorides
mentions it as a plant of "
a plant of "a heating, drying faculty." But the
Nardus indica is, according to Wood, a species of valerian, and
although aromatic, was quite a different plant from the American
variety, though having a general relationship. It is deemed by the
eclectics to be alterative, tonic, diaphoretic, stimulant, pectoral, vulne
rary and demulcent; and is said to be useful in cachectic habits,
Scrofula, Syphilis, Mercurial affections, and cutaneous diseases.
cordial prepared from the berries is highly recommended in gout of
the stomach. The root is powdered and made into a poultice and
applied to old, indolent, irritable, foul, fœtid and offensive ulcers, for
which it is truly valuable. A decoction is used as a wash for ulcers,
tetter, ringworm, erysipelas," etc.-(Michaux.) "The juice or essen-
tial oil has been employed in ear-ache and deafness."-(Rafinesque.)
(C
A
It is most frequently employed in chronic pulmonary affections,
such as Phthisis, Chronic catarrhal affections, Coughs and Colds."—
(Scudder.) Culpeppert says,-"It is good to provoke the urine, and
easeth pains of the stone in the reins and kidneys. To women with
child it is forbidden to be taken inwardly." Scudder writes,-" It
is highly esteemed by many in certain diseases peculiar to females,
(women) as Leucorrhea, Prolapsus uteri, Chlorosis, in enfeebled
states of the nervous system, and in general debility. It is used as
a wash to change the offensive state of the secretions from the vagina
and uterus, as in some cases of leucorrhea, and in other cases when
the secretions become acrid and offensive, as in some instances after
confinement."
By the allopathic school this plant is considered almost inert, or
as an unimportant demulcent or aromatic. It is certainly very mild
in its action, as large quantities of the decoction may be taken with-
out any apparent effect. No pathogenesis has yet appeared, nor have
I observed any symptoms, except curative, arise from its use, unless
profuse sweating would be called pathogenetic. Like many other
simple plants, many of its alleged good effects may have arisen from
the form in which it was administered, namely: a warm decoction.
On the other hand, it doubtless has some specific virtues. Culpepper's
remarks above would seem to imply that it has some affinity for the
generative organs. I have known its use in decoction, taken in wine-
glassfull doses (cold) twice or thrice a day, of apparent benefit in
* The same author evidently considers it identical with the English "Spikenard."
+ English Herbal.
92
NEW REMEDIES.
Leucorrhoea, with pressing down pain in the uterus.
The popular
testimony is quite convincing, relative to its curative influence in
coughs, bronchitis, and laryngitis, of a chronic character, probably
catarrhal.
Concerning the medicinal use of Aralia racemosa, Dr. D. W.
Rogers, of Coldwater, Michigan, writes: "My attention was first
called to it more than a year ago, by a lady who said she had made
use of it for several years as a domestic remedy in Dysmenorrhoea.
A warm infusion made from the root, and taken a swallow or two at
a time every few moments, will relieve the worst cases in from one
to two hours. I am quite satisfied of its efficacy in such cases.
I
have had some experience with it in cases simulating Puerperal peri-
tonitis. The following cases will illustrate its efficacy:"
W-
'Mrs. W―, on the third day after delivery, was attacked with a
severe chill; the lochia was suppressed at once, the abdomen became
distended, and tympanitic, with excruciating pains in the bowels and
uterine region. All these symptoms were attended with high fever.
An allopathic physician was called, who attended her for four days,
during which time she grew constantly worse. The physician then
gave an unfavorable diagnosis, said it was a desperate case, and must
terminate fatally; that she could not live twelve hours. At this
juncture a lady friend came in and administered a warm infusion of
the fresh root. In two hours the patient was casier, and in eight
hours the lochial discharge returned, with profuse perspiration. She
improved rapidly from that hour, and in a few days was convalescent.
No other medicine was given."
Two similar cases came under my observation, in which the Aralia
acted with similar good effects. In cases of recent Amenorrhoea this
remedy is capable of restoring the secretion.
A lady of middle age took a violent cold, about twenty-four
hours after the menses appeared. They had ceased twenty-four hours
before the Aralia was given. It was administered in the form of
warm infusion. Almost immediate relief to the pain ensued, and the
secretion returned."
The above clinical experience would seem to show that the Aralia
had some influence on the uterine functions. Medical sceptics would
probably say that it had the effect of any warm stimulating infusion.
Although I have known hot crust-coffee (toast water) taken freely, to
bring back the lochia, yet one would hardly suppose it would influ-
ence a condition of such unfavorable appearance as the one first
related.
ARUM TRIPHYLLUM.
(Indian Turnip.)
ANALOGUES: Arum mac., Allium sati., Nitric acid, Phosphorus,
Kali chloricum, Capsicum, Phytolacca, Belladonna, Xanthoxylum,
Baptisia. (N. B.-These analogues relate only to its local effect upon
the mouth, fauces, etc.)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-The A. triphyllum of the United States
corresponds closely with the A. maculatum of Europe; both have
very similar effects. Our native species is found throughout North
and South America, growing in rich, shady woods and swamps. The
cormus is an inch or two in diameter, aud covered with brown, wrink.
led epidermis, and internally white, fleshy and solid. The whole plant,
when recent, has a peculiar odor and violent acrid taste; the root, when
chewed, causes an insupportable burning and biting sensation in the
mouth and throat, continuing for a long time. This acrid principle is
very volatile, and is expelled by heat. Hence they are roasted and
ate by the Indians. The acrid principle is not imparted to water, ether,
alcohol, or olive oil. By drying, the root loses all its activity. The
medicinal qualities of the root reside principally in this acrid, volatile
principle. Owing to its unstable nature, it will be found very difficult
to procure any preparation in which it will be retained. I would
recommend, as the most probable way of preserving this volatile
principle, that the juice of the fresh root be rapidly triturated with
sugar of milk, (according to the decimal scale) and the trituration kept
in bottles sealed hermetically, and guarded from the light and heat.
The acrid principle has been called Aroine, and becomes an in-
flammable gas, by heat or distillation. Prof. Lee says: 'The only
way to preserve the active principles of the root is to bury it in dry
sand, by which method it may be preserved for a year."
GENERAL EFFECTS.-The Arum triphyllum may well be ranked
among our most active alterants, for besides being a powerful local irri
tant when taken internally, it stimulates all the secretions, particularly
those of the skin and lungs. It also quickens the circulation and rouses
the nervous energy, so that there is no organ or function but feels its
influence."-Lee.
"It has been advantageously given in asthma, pertussis, chronic
catarrh, chronic rheumatism, and affections connected with a cachectic
state of the system. -Wood.
94
NEW REMEDIES
The fresh root grated or reduced to a pulp, with three times its
weight of sugar, is palliative to flatulence, cramp in the stomach,
asthmatic and consumptive affections; and also in lingering atrophy;
debilitated habits, great prostration in typhoid fevers, deep seated
rheumatic pains, etc.—Rafinesque.
All writers agree that it is a remedy which may be used to advan-
tage as a stimulant.
We have no proving, except that which relates to its local effects
upon the mouth and throat.
General Symptoms.-The root, in doses of four or five grains,
causes a sensation of burning heat in the stomach and oesophagus,
which seems rapidly to spread all over the body. Then follow a quick-
ening of the circulation, heat of the skin with warm perspiration, and
some exaltation of the nervous energy. All the secretions are some-
what increased.
LOCAL EFFECTS.
Mouth, Throat, Tongue, etc.-The fresh root when chewed,
causes an insupportable burning and biting sensation in the mouth
and throat, continued for a long time. The sensation experienced in
the mouth, throat and tongue is absolutely indescribable I never felt
any sensation so tormenting and unbearable.
The following narrative* of the effects of the Arum maculatum,
so nearly resembles the effects of the Arum triphyllum, as I have
observed and felt them, as to be nearly identical: "After chewing a
young leaf-stalk for a few seconds, a very intense, prickling, stinging
pain, was felt upon the tongue and mucous membrane of the lips
and throat, accompanied with a flow of saliva, which seemed to relieve
the pain a little-the pains were as if a hundred little needles had
been run into the tongue and lips. A friend, who followed my exam-
ple, had, in addition to these symptoms, constriction and burning in
the larynx, his tongue was swollen, and its papilla injected and raised.
The mucus membrane of the throat and lips was inflamed. The pains
on the tongue and lips were increased by pressure with the teeth. In
two or three cases the leaves have been eaten by children, and have
produced very distressing effects. In one instance, three children
partook of them. Their tongues became swollen, so as to render
swallowing difficult, and convulsions followed: one died in twelve, and
another in sixteen days; the third recovered."
Some cases of dangerous poisoning have been reported occurring
from eating the A. triphyllum.
* British Journal of Homœopathy, vol. xvi, p. 321.
ARUM TRIPHYLLUM.
95
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Although the local effects of Arum are
very notable, yet we have no clinical experience to show its practical
usefulness in cases of disease affecting the mouth and throat. Dr. J.
S. Douglas recommends it in Quinsy and Angina. Dr. Hill, in his
Surgery, proposes it in similar affections. If we would preserve the
volatile, acrid principle intact in our preparations, we might expect
good results from its use, perhaps, in cases to which it is homœopathic.
It is indicated in the following affections: Glossitis, when the swelling
is rapid and accompanied with prickling and burning pains. Stomati-
tis, in its most acute form, with great tumefaction of the lips, mucous
membrane of the mouth, etc., followed by superficial ulceration. Ede-
ma of the Glottis.-The symptoms of Arum-poisoning present many
points of resemblance to this fearful disease. The rapid tumefaction
of the tissues, the pains and many other local symptoms, are very
similar. It may prove more useful than Apis, Belladonna or Rhus,
but we cannot expect much from any preparation of the Arum, unless
it contains the acrid principle mentioned. Mercurial or Idiopathic.
Salivation, in some of its forms, may be met with this remedy; also,
Inflammation of the mucous follicles of the throat, with exudation of
mucus, constant "hawking," and profuse secretions from the diseased
tissues. Acute and chronic Catarrh of the faucus and posterior
nares, may come under the curative range of this remedy. It has
been used with advantage in enlargement of the tonsils.
Dr. LIPPE considers the Arum of value in malignant scarlatina.
He reports a case* in which Arum tri. 6th and 30th, appeared to
prove curative for the following symptoms:
"Very delirious; nose discharges a good deal of thin, watery,
ichorous fluid; nose sore, lips very sore, cracked and bleeding, as
well as the corners of the mouth; the mouth felt so sore inside that
he was unable to drink; tongue red, papillæ swollen and standing off;
between the abdomen and legs, sore, moist places, the same on the os
coccygis; the sub-maxillary glands swollen; pulse 140, hard and full,
voice hoarse." Dr. Lippe adds that "the similarity of Nitric acid
and Arum triph., in the second stage of scarlet fever, is very great,"
and that "the most indicative symptoms for Arum are the great sore
feeling in the mouth, the redness of the tongue, the elevated papillæ,
the cracked corners of the mouth, and lips; stoppage of the nose
without much coryza. Urine very abundant and pale, sub-maxillary
glands swollen. The eruption all over the body, with much itching
and restlessness." The same author says Arum causes a great hoarse-
ness and sore throat of clergymen and public speakers.
Respiratory Organs.-The Arum has a time-honored reputation
in Coughs. In dry coughs, the dried root is valued high. It pro-
motes expectoration and mitigates the paroxysms and has even cured
some obstinate cases. In loose coughs, occuring in children and aged
persons, when there is inability to expectorate the accumulated mucus
this medicine is said to act in a beneficial manner. In this respects
it resembles Squills, Phosphorus, etc. Asthma humidun has been
* American Hom. Review, vol. 3, p. 28.
4
96
NEW REMEDIES.
relieved and notably palliated by the powdered dry root. In all these
affections the lower triturations of the dry root will be the best prep-
parations.
This is one of those peculiar remedies which can never come into
extensive use, because of the evanescent character of its effects, and
the difficulty of making a thorough proving of it. Its sphere of action
is limited, being but a faint analogue of its great prototype Phosphorus.
ASARUM CANADENSE.
(Wild Ginger.)
ANALOGUES: Asarum europæum, Senecio gracilis, Aristolochia
serpentaria, Tanacetum, Sabina, Arnica, Senega, Terebinthina.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Asarum canadense, likewise called
Indian ginger, Colt's foot, Canada Snakervot, has a close resemblance
to the A. Europæum. The rhizoma is long, creeping, fleshy, pointed,
yellowish, and furnished with radicles of a similar color. The stem
is very short, dividing, before it emerges from the ground, into two
long, round, hairy leaf-stalks, each of which bears a broad, semiform
leaf, pubescent on both sides, light green and shining above, veined
and pale, or bluish, below. The flower is solitary, growing from the
fork of the stem, upon a pendulous, hairy peduncle, being often con-
cealed by the loose soil, or decayed vegetable matter around it. The
calyx is very wooly, consisting of three broad concaves, acuminate
segments, of a brownish, dull purple or greenish color on the inside,
at top and bottom, depending on the amount of light which the plant
enjoys, and terminated by a long, spreading, inflected point, with
reflected sides. Corolla wanting. Filaments twelve, unequal in
length, inserted upon the ovary, and rise with a slender point above
the anthers, which are attached to their sides just below the extrem-
ity. Ovary inferior, somewhat hexagonal; style conical, striated and
parted at top into six recurved, radiating stigmas. Capsule six-celled,
coriaceous, and crowded with the adhering calyx. The Asarum c.
is a native of the United States, growing in woods and shady places,
and flowering from April to July. The whole plant has a grateful,
aromatic odor, and bitter, but agreeably aromatic taste. The root is
in long, contorted pieces, varying in thickness from a line to four or
five inches in diameter, brownish and wrinkled externally, internally
hard, brittle and whitish. It contains a light-colored pungent, and
fragrant essential oil, a reddish, bitter resinous matter, starch, gum,
fatty matter, chlorophyll, and salts of potassa, lime and iron.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture and triturations of the root.
GENERAL EFFECTS.-It is a close analogue of the European
Asarum, but perhaps milder in its action. Not much use has been
ASARUM CANADENSE.
97
made of it by either school of medicine in this country. No proving
has been made, and it is introduced into this work for the purpose of
calling attention to it, and provoking pathogenetic and clinical exper-
iments. From the analysis of the root given above, we should judge
it capable of becoming a polychrest of some value. King makes but
brief mention of it, designating it as an aromatic stimulant, tonic,
diaphoretic and expectorant. He says it is of value in colic and
other painful affections of the stomach and bowels when no inflam-
mation exists, and in chronic pulmonary affections.
Scudder gives it a more extended notice; says it is stimulant,
carminative, tonic, diaphoretic, pectoral, errhine and emmenagogue.
He is inclined to think its therapeutical virtues are but imperfectly
understood.
Wood* says it is somewhat analogous to Serpentaria in its opera-
tion. He places it among the stimulant tonics, and advises its use
in low fevers, and for the same purposes as ginger. "It might be
appropriately used as an adjuvant of tonic and purgative infusions, in
debilitated states of the alimentary canal."
Leet says the European Asarum has acrid properties which the
American does not possess.
"Unlike the former, it has no emetic or
cathartic properties, even in large doses and in the fresh state. In
Canada it has long been used as a condiment in place of ginger. It
might be used with advantage in exanthematous affections, when the
eruption is tardy in appearance, or has been repelled. The infusion
will be found useful in tranquilizing the stomach, and checking
vomiting; also in some forms of Dyspepsia." He endorses the rec-
ommendation of Rafinesquc as to its usefulness in cachexia, hypo-
chondriasis, palpitations, low fevers, convalescences, obstructions
whooping cough, etc. In some parts of the country, he says, great
reliance is placed on it as an emmenagogue.
iu
In relation to the last named action, Scudder says he has beeń
informed that the root of the Asarum canadense was used by the
Indians as a parturient, and also as an abortive. It was also said
to be used frequently by white women to prevent conception, and
also to cause abortion in cases where conception had occurred, when
they did not desire children, and also in cases in which the patient.
wished to conceal her guilt. From these reports, some of which
seemed to be well authenticated, we were induced to try it as an
emmenagogue, and in many instances it appeared to act promptly and
*Therapeutics and Pharmacology. Vol. 1, p. 360.
† Jour. of Mat. Med. Vol. 2.
7
98
NEW REMEDIES.
efficiently in restoring the uterine secretion. Its general excitant and
tonic properties, adapt it to asthenic states of the system, in which
there is torpor of the uterine vessels. We have given it conjoined
with other agents, as Savin, Senecio, Angelica, etc., and have derived
great advantage from its use, associated with these articles, in pec
toral affections, complicated with uterine obstructions.”
It is a pity Dr. Scudder did not use it alone, and unassociated
with other medicines. He would be better enabled to judge of its
value, and we should have more confidence in his recommendations.
In general terms, the Asarum canadense seems to possess reme-
dial properties similar to the analogues mentioned above, but is of a
milder character. It seems to act upon the vascular system and
mucous membrane as an irritant. Notwithstanding the assertion of
Lee, it would doubtless cause inflammatory irritation of the whole
alimentary canal, with nausea and vomiting; also act upon the
urinary and genital ergans to such a degree as to set up congestive
conditions. I do not doubt its power in Amenorrhea from simple
atony of the uterus, from a cold or catarrhal attack; nor that it is
capable of causing abortion in a woman, whose uterus is in an irrita-
ble condition. An irritable uterus may be made to throw off the
product of conception, or take on hæmorrhage, by the administration
of any stimulating, warm infusion, which shall cause an afflux of
blood to that organ.
It will probably prove homoeopathic to slight febrile irritation,
proceeding from disorder of the alimentary canal, with nausea and
vomiting; also colic from flatulence, especially when these symptoms
occur in sensitive persons and children.
It would seem to be indicated in uterine hæmorrhage, threatened
abortion, profuse lochia and other symptoms caused by irritation of
the uterus, but it will never prove of equal value with its more potent
analogues in diseased conditions. A thorough proving may develop
some peculiar symptomatic characteristics which will render it of
value to the physician.
ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA.
(Swamp Milkweed.)
ANALOGUES: Asclepias tuberosa and A. syriaca, Ipecacuanha,
Caulophyllum, Cimicifuga, (?) Pulsatilla, (?) Sabina, (?) Senecio.(?)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is known by various names.
as Swamp Silkweed, Flesh-colored Asclepias, Rose-colored-Silkweed,
White Indian hemp, etc. It has a smooth, erect stem, with two
downy lines above and on the branches and peduncles, branching
above, and about two or three feet high. The leaves are opposite,
oblong, lanceolate, acute or pointed, obtuse at the base, on short
petioles, and slightly tomentose. The flowers are red or reddish-
purple, sweet-scented, and disposed in numerous umbels, which are
crowded, erect, mostly terminal, and often in opposite pairs. Hoods
of the crown entire, horns exsert, subulate. The leaves are four to
seven inches long, and from one half an inch to an inch and a half
wide; umbels are from two to six, on a peduncle two inches long,
and consist of from ten to twenty small flowers. There are several
varieties of this plant, the A. pulchra, which is more hairy, with
broader and shorter petioled leaves; the A. glabra, which is almost
glabrous, with two opposite longitudinal hairy lines on the stem, and
leaves glabrous, with rough margins, midrib glandular below; and the
A. alba, which has white flowers. This plant grows in damp and wet
soils throughout the United States, and bears red flowers from June
to August. It emits a milky juice on being wounded.
The root is the officinal part; it varies in thickness from one to
six lines, and is of a light yellowish or brownish color. It imparts
its properties to water and alcohol.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture and triturations of the root,
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The properties of this variety have not been
investigated by either school to any extent.
Scudder says it pos-
sesses properties similar to the other varieties, and he has known it
to be employed as a domestic remedy in diarrhea and dysentery,
Durand recommends it in the same doses, and for the same discases,
as the A. syriaca, and assert that in "pectoral" affections it proved as
advantageous.
Dr. Tully states that the root of this species may be used with
benefit in catarrh, asthma, rheumatism, syphilis and verminous
affections. Dr. Sabin esteemed it highly as a poultice to tumors.
swelling of the mammary glands, pleurisy and other local inflamma-
tory affections. In large doses it is known to be emetic and cathartic,
and Dr. Griffith says, "It has been found not only alterative, diaphor-
Norm
100
NEW REMEDIES.
etic and diuretic, but one of the finest aperients in the Materia
Medica."
""
Dr. Hauser has used it with the happiest results in many forms
of fever. "In the treatment of gonorrhoea and syphilis, there
probably is nothing equal to it now known to the medical fraternity.'
Dr. H. says:
I have used, for many years, the tincture only, pre-
pared with diluted alcohol, on account of the gum with which the
root abounds. I prepare it as follows:
R. Asclepias incarnata oz. iv.
Dilute Alcohol, Oji.
After about fourteen days maceration it is ready for use. I have
generally prescribed it in a tablespoonful dose three times a day, i. e.,
before breakfast, dinner and supper. And this I have done with
very little regard to the stage of disease, both in gonorrhæa and
syphilis, however heterodox and unscientific it may appear to those
nice critics in the medical fraternity, who theorize learnedly but fail
in practice." He reports three cases of gonorrhea:
CASE 1. "Was afflicted with 'running of the reins, brought on by
a strain,' and it had afflicted him long and sorely, even to the extent
of a change from white to greenish discharges. I put him on tinc-
ture of Asclepias incarnata alone, but as his business required him to
ride a great deal on horseback, thus keeping up the irritation in the
genital region, I think it was two weeks before I succeeded in curing
him."
CASE 2. "Was of intemperate habits as well as priaputic. A
single bottle of oz. viij cured him.
CASE 3. "Was badly off. His business required daily riding on
horseback, but the Asclepias cured him in three days."
These cases, though reported in a bungling manner, would seem
to indicate that this medicine possessed some specific influence over
discharges from mucous membranes. The same writer reports a case
of syphilis which he thinks was cured with this remedy, but as he
blistered the mammary gland, and rubbed on the denuded surface
mercurial ointment, it would be absurd to suppose the Asclepias had
anything to do with the cure.
To the above, from allopathic and eclectic sources, we can add but
little clinical experience from the homeopathic.
Dr. Fowler,† of New York, speaks in the most unequivocal terms
of the virtues of the A. incarnata in Amenorrhoea, and avers that it
Tilden's Journal of Materia Medica. Vol. 1, p. 41.
† N. A. Journal of Hom. Vol. 6, p. 128.
Mau
ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA.
101
*
is capable of producing abortion, even in comparatively minute doses,
e. g., from two to three drops twice a day. He states that it is in
common use among women of a certain class, for this latter purpose,
and in a case which came under his own observation, it had been
used seven times with this view, and cach time with success. The
above dose was all that was ever taken, according to the statement of
the patient herself, and she could have no inducement to pervert the
truth, for, as Dr. Fowler remarks, "It was immaterial to her whether
she took one drop or a teaspoonful, provided the end was attained.”
He has himself administered it in one case of deformed pelvis,
(where a previous labor had been terminated at full term by the
mutilation of the child,) with complete success. He administered it,
as above, in three drop doses, and in twelve or sixteen hours, labor
pains were induced, which resulted in a satisfactory expulsion of the
uterine contents within forty-eight hours, without ill consequences of
any kind ensuing.
A few months after this statement of Dr. Fowier's appeared, Dr.
A. C. Jones, of Philadelphia, undertook to test its assumed powers.
He gave it to a woman who had passed one menstrual period. He
did not know whether she was pregnant or not when he began its
administration. The following is a record of the case:
On the 15th of October, (about the time of her regular flow,) two
drops of the tincture was given, and repeated in twelve hours. No
effect. From this date until the 24th, she took at first five drops, and
then ten drops, three times daily. On the 24th," Slight pain in the
lumbar region; felt a drop of blood on her finger when applied to
the os uteri." A digital examination proved the os to have a tricus-
pid form, hard to the feel, the cervix as usual; some reddish mucus
adhered to the finger. Upon introducing the uterine sound, the
cavity of the uterus was found somewhat enlarged, but not gravid.
Gave ten drops four times a day.
26th, Not the slightest effect. Continued fifteen drops at a dose,
and finally twenty drops four hours apart.
29th. Half a fluid ounce has been taken. No effect, except that
the breath, for two days, had a stale, fishy odor, some headache, and
flushed cheeks. Made an examination with a speculum. Cervix
uteri quite soft and almost obliterated; its os highly congested, pre-
senting a well defined circular face about the size of a
piece; sanguineous mucus adhering to it; the walls of the vagina
much relaxed, presenting the usual healthy color, with slight leucor-
rhoea. Passed the sound with ease. The cavity of the womb larger
new cent"
102
NEW REMEDIES.
than before. Probed over its entire surface without producing any
pain. Found that it was unimpregnated.
30th. Some lassitude and headache; remained in bed part of the
day. The next day she felt well, attended to her household duties,
and at night went to a party and danced.
Nov. 2d. Scanty menstrual flow, with no unpleasant sensations.
The slight discharge continued until the 7th when it ceased.
9th. During the excitement of passion it returned, and continued
at short intervals up to the 18th. Continued well up to the 24th,
the time of writing. She has dark hair, is well formed, about four
feet eight inches high, sprightly manners. Has had two labors, the
first, embryotomy; the last, thirteen months since, forceps were used;
child still-born. "This case," says Dr. Jones, "proves but little in
favor of the Asclepias, except that as much as twenty drops may be
taken without injury. I have used it in several cases of suppressed
menstruation without benefit. The preparation used by Dr. Fowler
is doubtless different from that in ordinary use."
We think that Dr. Jones was too hasty in the above conclusions.
The normal conditions of the os and cervix during menstruation, is
not at all like his description, given above, and there were certain
symptoms which appeared before the flow, which doubtless belonged
to the drug. It is to be regretted that Dr. Jones did not make the same
examinations of the uterus at the next menstrual period, when no
Asclepias was taken. If the open and congested os was pathogenetic
of the drug, then it is homoeopathic to a morbid condition which
sometimes occurs during gestation.
It may be capable of causing abortion in women of irritable,
relaxed constitutions, but Dr. Fowler's case of the woman who invar-
iably caused it on herself with the drug, is not altogether reliable. In
cases of habitual abortion, from any cause, the accident is liable to
occur at the same period. Women subject to abortion sometimes
take some drug, and at about this period the abortion occurs, and the
credit is given to the drug, when probably the uterus would have
expelled its contents without any such aid. In the case where Dr.
F. gave it himself, it certainly seemed to be efficient.
About the time of the publication of Dr. Fowler's statement, I
procured some tincture of Merrill & Co., of Cincinnati, which I was
assured was reliable; but I could not get any effects from it in amen-
orrhoea, or in two cases of pregnancy, in the third month, where an
abortion was considered proper and justifiable. Several physicians
gave me the same testimony adverse to the alleged powers of the
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA.
10
Asclepias incarnata. I used it in doses varying from five drops of
the "essential tincture" up to one teaspoonful. The pathogenetic
effects I noticed were nausea, vomiting, papescent diarrhoea, profuse
discharge of urine, and sweat.
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA.
(Silk-Weed.)
ANALOGUES: Asclepias tuberosa, Asclepias incarnata, Apocynum
androsemifolium, Аросупит cannabinum, Bryonia, Cimicifuga,
Colchicum, Dulcamara, Eupatorium purpureum, Ipecacuanha,
Squilla.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is the Asclepias cornuti of Gray.
(I retain the name Syriaca given it by Linnæus, as in the first
edition.) This plant is known as Milkweed in many parts of the
country, has a large, stout, simple, somewhat branched stem, growing
from two to five feet high. The leaves are ovate, elliptical, spreading,
opposite, with a short but distinct petiole, gradually acute, and
tomentose beneath. The flowers are fragrant; umbels several, axillary,
sub-terminal, nodding, dense, globose, each of twenty or more flowers.
Calyx segments lanceolate. Corolla pale or greenish purple, reflexed,
leaving the corona, which is of nearly the same hue, quite conspicu-
ous.
But few of the flowers prove fertile, producing oblong-pointed
pods or follicles, covered with sharp prickles, which contain a mass of
long, silky fibres, with seeds attached, and which fibres have been
used for beds, pillows, and in the place of fur in manufacturing hats.
HISTORY.-This herb is indigenous to the United States, inhabit-
ing rich soil, uncultivated fields, etc., and bearing whitish-purple
flowers from June to September. When wounded it emits a milky
fluid which contains water, wax-like fatty matter, gum, caoutchouc,
sugar, various salts, ete. A crystalline, resinous substance, allied to
lactucone, has been obtained from the juice of the A. cornuti, to
which the name of the Asclepione has been given. It is procured by
boiling and then filtering the juice and separating the Asclepione
from the filtrate by ether, from which it may be subsequently obtained
by evaporation, and purified by several washings with pure ether.
Asclepione thus obtained is a crystaline solid, without taste or smell,
and is readily dissolved by spirits of turpentine, pure acetic acid,
and sulphuric ether.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the fresh root and dilu-
tions. Triturations of the dried root, and tincture.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant has not been as much used in
medicine as its congener, the A. tuberosa. Writers of the opposite
104
NEW REMEDIES
schools have usually dismissed the Silkweed with the remark that its
properties are similar to those of the other species of Asclepias.
There are some exceptions, however, even in the allopathic ranks.
Drs. Richardson, Pattee and Clerborne have experimented with this
species, and got effects which were worthy of record.
Dr. Richardson* found the root possessed of anodyne properties
He gave it with advantage to an asthmatic patient, and in a case of
typhus fever, attended with catarrh. In both instances it appeared
to promote expectoration, and to relieve cough, pain and dyspnea.
He gave a drachm of the powdered bark of the root in divided doses
during the day.
Drs. Smith and Howard† observe that they have used it success-
fully in dropsy, and claim it to be sudorific and emmenogogue.
Hollembaek says it is anodyne, diuretic and alterative, and that
the dried juice has been used as a substitute for opium, to allay
nervous irritation.
According to King the root of this plant is tonic, diuretic, altera-
tive, emmenagogue, purgative and emetic; and given in large doses
it is stimulant and anthelmintic. Dr. Richardson has attributed
anodyne properties to it, and other observers have testified to the
same. "It has been found useful in amenorrhæa, dropsy, reten-
tion of urine, asthma, dyspepsia, cough, dyspnea, constipation,
primary syphilitic diseases, worms, scrofulous and rheumatic disorders.
The action of the heart is augmented under its use."
Prof. Lee thinks this plant deserving of further investigation.
He remarks that it resembles Cimicifuga in its action, especially in
rheumatic affections. The experiments, so far, would seem to support
this idea.
A writer in the American Journal of Medical Sciences, in a paper
on the effects and uses of this specific, says, "This plant has long
been in use among the negroes of the South as a remedy for gleet,
gonorrhæa, scrofula, etc., and a common ingredient in many of the
Indian cough nostrums of the present day. Empirics have exten-
sively employed the root and other portions of the plant with more
or less success. The most usual mode of administration is in powder
or infusion, the latter made with water and whisky. Old cases of
gleet of many years' standing have been reported cured, after other
remedies had failed, by taking a wine-glass full of the infusion of the
fresh root three times a day, before meals."
Since the appearance of the first edition of this work, no proving
or clinical experience has been reported to me by homoeopathic
physicians. I have, however, been able to find some new matter
relating to this plant, and a very respectable proving by Dr. Cler-
borne, (allopathic) who has recorded the symptoms with a carefulness
rarely observed in one of his school. He also reports several cases
* U S. Dispensatory.
1 Botanic Medical Practice.
Amer. Eclectic Dispensatory.
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA.
105
illustrative of its action in disease, which will be found recorded in
the resume.
DR. CLERBORNE'S EXPERIMENTS.
(1.) Being in perfect health, he took a wine-glass full of the infu-
sion of the dried root three times a day for five days, without observing
any other effect than a slight sensation of nausea, and increased flow
of pale colored urine, which was of a lighter specific gravity than
usual. He increased the dose to a wine-glass full four or five times
daily, which produced, in addition to the effects above stated, vomiting
and ardor urinæ. One third as much of an infusion made from the
fresh root produced the same effects in a more marked degree.
(2.) He expressed a quantity of the milky juice obtained from
the fresh herb, and evaporated it slowly, in a porcelain capsule over
a water-bath, at a low temperature, to the consistence of an extract.
This preparation was of a dirty color and disagreeable acrid taste.
Of this he took at first three grs., and gradually increased the dose
up to five grs. three times a day, when he had to discontinue its use
on account of excessive nausea, tickling sensation in the fauces, and a
violent headache, confined principally between the eyes. (An extract
made from the flowers produced little or no effect on the system.)
(3.) A fluid extract was prepared from the dried root, each drachm
of which represented an ounce (troy) of the root.
He began to try its effects on the system. He took it in the dose
of ten drops, gradually increasing the quantity until nearly oz. ij. daily
were taken in divided doses of half drachm with the following effects.
July 24, 10 A. M. Took ten drops, without any peculiar effects
being observed.
This pro-
July 25, 9 A. M. Took ten drops; at noon ten drops more. This
produced a decided increase of secretion from the kidneys.
July 26. Took twenty drops at 11 A. M. and 2 P. M.
duced an increased flow of urine, dizziness in the head (lasting only
a couple of hours) and a tickling sensation in the fauces.
July 27. Took thirty drops at 11 A. M., and at 2 P. M. twenty
more. This also caused diuresis, tickling sensation at the end of the
penis, uneasiness of the stomach, slight inclination to evacuate the
bowels, severe headache, quick, full pulse. (92.)
July 28. I awoke with a severe headache, and a disagreeable
feeling in the stomach. (Omitted the medicine two days)
July 30, noon. Took thirty-five drops, which in a few hours pro-
duced nausea, and an inclination to evacuate the bowels, slight pain
* American Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 42
106
NEW REMEDIES.
in the stomach and diuresis. At 3 P. M. took fifteen drops. At 8
P. M. had a copious evacuation of soft consistence, and brown in color,
accompanied by a slight pain in the bowels. The action of the heart
seemed to be increased. Pulse 98.
more.
July 31. Took forty drops at 11 A. M. This produced vomiting.
leaving the system much relaxed, and the pulse frequent and feeble.
Aug. 2. Took thirty drops at 10 A. м., at 12.30 P. M. thirty drops
This produced vomiting, which was severe and long-contin-
ued, leaving behind it a sensation of rawness in the stomach and a
slight pain, coldness of the surface of the skin, feeble pulse, and a
feeling as if some sharp instrument was thrust through from one
temple to the other.
Aug. 3. At 9 A. M. took twenty drops. At noon had an evacua-
tion, soft in consistency and yellowish in color.
increased.
Appetite much
He continued taking the fluid extract for several days, of which
he gives no daily record; but he got the following symptoms:
Violent vomiting, with retching; burning and tickling sensations
in the fauces and throat; stomach feeling painful and raw; increased
secretion of bile; copious discharges from the bowels of a soft fluid
consistence, yellowish in color, and attended with some griping pain;
headache, sense of constriction across the forehead, pain between the
eyes; excoriation of the anus, increased appetite, even
after a
hearty meal, a feeling of hunger would, in the course of a few hours,
be again felt."
He got no anodyne effects from the medicine, and does not think
it really diaphoretic or expectorant.
DR, PATTEE'S EXPERIMENTS.*
"Two ounces of the cold infusion, made from the fresh
root, gathered after the leaves had fallen, taken once every four hours,
proved diuretic; two oz. of the warm infusion, taken every two hours,
proved diaphoretic; fifteen drops of the saturated tincture, taken
once every three hours, had well marked alterative (?) effects; and
one drachm of the saturated tincture, repeated once every three
hours, until eight drachms were taken, caused headache, drowsiness
and sleep. In all the experiments, it increased the bronchial secrc-
tion.
"The first experiment was made upon myself. The urine for
three days immediately preceding the experiment was as follows:
* Tilden's Journal of Materia Medica. Vol. 3.
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA.
107
Thirty-five oz. per day; specific gravity 1019.7; solid matter 568
gr.; pulse 98.
After twelve oz. had been taken the first day, the quantity of
urine passed in that time was 128 oz.; specific gravity 1020; solid
matter 600 gr.; pulse 67.
Second Day. There was but a small increase of water. The
specific gravity and solid matter about the same; pulse 66.
Third Day. (Quantity of medicine same as preceding days).
Quantity of urine 130 oz.; specific gravity 1019.97; solid matter 608
grs.; pulse 63.
On the 4th, 5th and 6th days, the quantity of urine passed aver-
aged 135 oz. per day, and the amount of solid matter 700 grs. each
day; pulse 60. The diet and exercise were not materially altered
from what it had been for a month past. The medicine did not seem
to cause any derangement of the health; the urinary organs were
not irritated in any way; the only perceptible effect it had upon the
brain was to cause a calm, quiet feeling, perhaps a little drowsiness
towards night."
"The subject of the second experiment was a young man 18
years of age, of good health; pulse 75. At 9 P. M., gave him three
oz. of warm infusion; the young man in bed; in half an hour com.
menced sweating; in an hour he was sweating profusely, and con-
tinued to do so the rest of the night, the infusion being given every
two hours.
The effect it had upon the brain was an agreeable sensation at
first; after that had passed off he expressed himself as " awful sleepy."
When he awoke the next morning, said he had "slept rather hard,"
but felt no inconvenience through the day.
I
It produced the same effect the following night. The third day,
gave him one drachm of the saturated tincture, made from the dry
root, one every three hours, commencing at 5 P. M. At 9 P. M., said
his head felt a little dizzy, and had some headache; slept sound
through the night; skin quite moist; passed four oz. more urine than
usual, in the morning. After continuing this for four more days, had
to discontinue it on account of the derangement it caused to the sys-
tem; he had but little relish for food; appeared dull and stupid;
bowels had moved oftener than usual; the tongue was covered with a
white fur; pulse 64. In a few days he was as well as ever."
In cases where the pulse had been from 50 to 60, they have
increased to 65 and 70. Large doses in any form will produce nausea,
vomiting, and, in some instances, ardor urinæ. If the medicine does
108
NEW REMEDIES.
not produce diaphoresis, diuresis, or catharsis, violent headache will
sometimes ensue, but when given in medicinal doses and for disease, we
do not see much headache." (The italics are my own. I will refer
to the subject hereafter.-H.)
These two experiments, or provings, although not conducted with
that scientific precision which they demanded, are nevertheless very
suggestive, and afford us some positive indications for the use of this
remedy.
Some of the symptoms are quite characteristic, and go to substan-
tiate the homœopathicity of the cures which are said to have been
made with it.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Sensation of calmness and quietude of the
whole system. System much relaxed with frequent and feeble pulse.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION. In rheumatism, its action was
favorable. It had a remarkable effect in relieving the pain.
was very
Skin.-Profuse sweating all night (from the warm infusion);
coldness of the skin. In a low state of typhus fever it has produced
a moist state of the skin, when other diaphoretics had failed, and
convalescence was at once established. The milky juice that exudes
from the stalk has been used externally for warts. A poultice of
the fresh root, boiled, has considerable reputation for the cure of
carbuncles, felons and boils. (Probably no specific effect is here
produced-perhaps a poultice of ulmus fulva would do as well.)
Sleep.-Calm, quiet feeling, with drowsiness towards night.
Great sleepiness, with profuse sweating; sensation in the morning on
waking as if he had "slept hard." Has been used as an anodyne.
Fever. It does not seem to cause febrile symptoms, as a primary
effect, but it is said to cause the pulse to rise from 50 to 60 with
increased heat of skin, when it does not cause diuresis or diaphoresis.
The action of the heart is increased; pulse 98 per minute; quick,
full; pulse 92.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-It would seem indicated in cases of
fever from suppressed perspiration, with scanty urine, headache, and
pulse at 75.
Head. The only perceptible effect it had upon the brain of one
of the provers, was to cause a calm, quiet feeling, perhaps a little
drowsiness towards night. The other prover said it caused "an
agreeable sensation at first," afterwards sleepiness; vertigo, with
headache. When the medicine does not cause diuresis or diaphoresis,
violent headache will sometimes ensue; dull and stupid. Dizziness
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA.
109
in the head, lasting two hours. Severe headache, with quick, full
pulse (92). A feeling as if some sharp instrument was thrust
through from one temple to the other, with feeble pulse and cold
skin. Sense of constriction across the forehead. Violent headache,
confined principally between the eyes.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From the above it would seem to be
homœopathic to sleepiness, which has followed upon any excitement
of the brain of an agreeable nature; also, headache with vertigo.
But it promises to be most useful in those cephalalgias which occur
after suppressed perspirations, or which arise from the retention of
effete matters in the system which ought to have been carried off
through the skin or kidneys. It will certainly prove useful in ner
vous headaches, which are followed by profuse diuresis; in this
respect it resembles Ignatia, Pulsatilla and Gelseminum. It is indi
cated in headache with dullness and stupidity; also sick headache.
Mouth and Fauces.-Heat in mouth and throat. Burning and
tickling in fauces, with nausea and headache.
Gastric Symptoms, etc.-Tongue covered with a white fur; had
but little relish for food; bowels moved oftener than usual; diarrhoea
with persistent nausea, and with vomiting. Excessive nausea with
violent headache. Uneasiness in stomach. Slight pain in the stom-
ach with diuresis, and inclination to evacuate the bowels. Vomiting,
leaving the system much relaxed, with quick, feeble pulse. Vomit-
ing, severe and long continued, with retching, leaving behind it a
sensation of rawness in the stomach, and a slight pain, with cold
skin, feeble pulse, and a feeling as if some sharp instrument was
thrust from one temple to the other. Great appetite, returning a few
hours after a hearty meal.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It would seem to be indicated in many
severe gastric affections, especially when accompanied with headache.
It is notable, that notwithstanding the vomiting, etc., the appetite
was increased.
Soft
Bowels, etc.-Frequent movements from the bowels. Diarrhoea,
with persistent nausea and vomiting. Inclination to evacuate the
bowels, with nausea and diuresis. Copious evacuation, in the even-
ing, of soft consistence, brown in color, with slight colic.
yellow stool at noon, with increase of appetite. Excoriation of the
anus. Copious evacuations without pain or other unpleasant effects.
Fifteen to twenty drops of the fluid extract, taken before breakfast,
acted as a gentle aperient in evening. Increases the flow of bile.
Expulsion of worms-(ascarides.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This medicine does not seem to act as
severely on the bowels as on the stomach. It may prove useful, how-
110
NEW REMEDIES.
ever, to some mild forms of diarrhoea, to which it is primarily homœ-
opathic. It would be secondarily indicated in constipation.
Dr. Clerborne, used it in constipation with good results. He
reports four cases.
(1.) A. B., æt. 30, had been suffering for some years with
constipation, pain in right side and lower extremities, and loss of
appetite. Asclepias syriaca was prescribed, thirty drops three times
a day. At the end of a month he felt much relieved, his bowels
became regular, his appetite improved greatly, and the pains in his
limbs were entirely removed.
(2.) H. Y. L., a young man; constipation of the bowels for over
two years, being five days, generally, without a passage. He had
piles, and cathartics made him worse. He took twenty drops three
times a day. Improved rapidly, having soft, pultaceous stools every
other day, without straining.
(3.) An old case of dyspepsia improved rapidly under the use of
this remedy.
(4.) A child aged eight years.
Affected for some time with
ascaris vermicularis. She was much emaciated. Her system seemed
completely broken down. Cured by Asclepias syr., internally and
by injection.
Urinary Organs.--Enormous increase of urine. Scanty urine
with headache. Profuse urine with headache. Pale colored urine,
with lighter specific gravity than usual. Increased flow of urine
with vertigo. Burning sensation in the urethra when urinating.
The following table will best illustrate its action upon the kidneys :
Increase
Quantity
of
Urine.
Specific
Gravity.
Total
Solids.
of
Urine.
Increase
of
Solids.
Normal Standard
35 oz.
1019.7
565 gr.
Asclepias Syriaca
128 oz.
1020
600 oz.
63 oz.
First Day-
130 oz.
1020
608 oz.
95 oz.
32 gr.
40 gr.
Third Day-
Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Days... |
135 oz.
1020
700 oz.
100 oz.
132 gr.
By this it will be seen that the Asclepias syr. notably increases
the solid matters of the urine. This is an important fact, for from
the careful experiments of Dr. Hammond* it appears that Colchicum
actually increases the organic and inorganic solids of the urine,
while Digitalis, Squills and Juniper increase only the inorganic mat-
ter. Now, as it is the organic matter which is generally considered
as contaminating the blood in disease, it is evident they (Digitalis,
Squills and Juniper) exert no effect whatever in depurating the
blood, but on the contrary are positively injurious in certain cases.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--Asclepias syriaca, then, is a congener
of Colchicum, and as such must be found useful in many diseases in
which the latter drug has been successfully used.
In Uraemia this medicine is decidedly indicated and will probably
be found a specific in many instances.
* Hammond's Physiological Memoirs.
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA.
111
In Scarlatina, when the head symptoms correspond, it may prove
a useful auxiliary remedy.
In Scarlatinal Dropsy, I predict it will be found as useful as
Colchicum, (which I have found one of our most important remedies)
and Apis, Apocynum, Hellebore or Arsenicum.
It is now fully established that the dropsy, which follows scarlet
fever, is caused by the scarlatinal poison which, in its passage into
and through the kidneys, sets up an "acute desquamative nephritis."
Dr. Todd ("Urinary Diseases," page 120) says: "There are
three conditions, which I imagine gives rise to the production of the
dropsy. These are: 1st, a peculiar irritated state of the kidneys;
2d, an analogous morbid state of the skin; and, 3d, a certain deprav-
ity of the blood-by which I mean not only a deficiency in the amount
of red corpuscles of that fluid, as well as of the solids of the serum,
but also the unnatural presence of certain poisonous matters which
interfere with its proper nutrient changes."
It is this "poisononous matter which irritates the skin and kid-
neys and causes the dropsy."
Now, it will be recollected, that the Asclepias syr, causes" violent
headache, increased rate of pulse, vertigo, dullness and stupor,"
when it did not cause diuresis or perspiration. That is, when the
impression which the drug, after pouring into the blood, caused upon
the nervous centres, did not react upon the kidneys and skin; the
brain felt the force of the medicinal action. (Similar conditions
occur from the use of alcohol.) Also, when the scarlatinal poison in
the blood, is not carried off through the kidneys or skin, the brain and
nervous system suffers, and convulsions more or less severe ensue.
Asclepias syriaca seems to be a more rational remedy for this
condition than any other, not even excepting Colchicum, and I pre-
dict that its use in scarlatinal dropsy will bear me out in my belief.
It will also relieve, I think, those rheumatic pains which often occur
after that disease. I would advise the patient to be placed in bed,
and this remedy administered as follows: a few drops of the 2d, 1st,
or even the mother tincture, in an ounce of warm sweetened water;
the dose repeated every hour, until the skin and kidneys begin to act
normally. ´(Apis, Hellebore, Apocycynum, or Colchicum, should be
given in the same manner.) If more convenient, give a weak warm
infusion-one drachm of the root to one pint of water.
In Dropsy, especially when arising from suppressed perspiration,
or some forms of renal disease, it will be useful. We do not know
what are the peculiar pathological changes which it can cause in the
kidneys, and we are equally ignorant of the pathological effects of
Apis, Apocynum can. and most of our best remedies for dropsy.
But it may be considered a general rule, that a drug which primarily
causes diuresis, will secondarily cause dropsy. In proof of this, we
may cite the provings of Cantharis, Eupatorium pur., Apocynum c.,
Arsenicum, Apis, and all the so-called diuretics. They first excite
the kidneys to abnormal action; then the reaction follows, and
we have suspension of function, and consequent effusion.
112
NEW REMEDIES.
Asclepias syriaca, then, is truly homoeopathic to renal dropsy.
Dr. Pattee says: "It has in my hands certainly proved useful in the
removal of dropsical effusions. Dr. Smith relates the case of a man
of 80, who had general dropsy caused by taking cold; he was enor-
mously swollen; he commenced taking two oz. of the cold infusion
every two hours; in twenty-four hours he had passed over three
gallons of water, and in a week all the dropsical symptoms had disap-
peared "
I once treated a case of general dropsy from disease of the heart.
In the advanced stages, after all the usual remedies had one after
the other failed to give relief, I resorted to the Asclepias syriaca;
not having any tincture, I ordered an infusion-one oz. to a quart of
water-the fresh root was used; a tablespoonful of this preparation
was given every two hours. Under its use the urine increased to
nearly a gallon a day, and the breathing was much relieved. The
patient was made comfortable by its use for many weeks, but finally
died of the cardiac disease.
Dr. Puttee says, "In large doses it will produce ardor urina."
The persistent use of small doses will have the same effect; in fact,
all
diuretic "medicines have the same effect. By the continued
irritation which they keep up in the urinary organs, inflammation is
finally induced. This inflammation may lead on to organic disease,
and consequent anasarca. Here we have the foundation for a general
rule: That all diuretics are secondarily homœopathic to the various
forms of renal dropsy.
Organs of Generation of Men.-Tickling sensation at the end
of the penis. Burning in the urethra when urinating. Ardor urinæ.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has a popular reputation among the
negroes for the cure of gonorrhoea and gleet. Old cases of gleet of
many years standing are reported to have been cured by this remedy,
after other means had failed. Its pathogenesis shows that it causes
symptoms similar to the first stage of gonorrhoea, and if its use was
continued, it would probably cause severe symptoms, with discharges,
etc.
Dr. Clerborne treated a case of syphilis with this medicine.
"There were three good sized chancres on the glans penis; on each
side an indurated syphilitic bubo. He dressed the chancre with
Sulphate of copper, applied pressure to the bubo, and gave Asclepias
syr., twenty drops three times a day. The patient, who had no
appetite and was much debilitated, rapidly recovered under this
treatment. His appetite returned, the bubo disappeared, the chancre
cicatrized kindly, bowels became regular; he gained strength, and in
less than three weeks had entirely recovered.'
Organs of Generation of Women.-In the case of dropsy from
heart-disease, referred to above; the patient's menses had not
appeared for four months; she showed no signs of pregnancy; indeed,
it was deemed impossible, that such condition could exist. Such
was the general edema that no vaginal examination could be made.
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA.
113
About twenty-four hours after she commenced the use of the
Asclepias syriaca, and after diuuresis had set in, she was taken with
severe labor-like pains pressing down from small of the back to the
hypogastrium, with a scanty discharge of pale red blood. These
pains increased with each dose, but disappeared a few hours after
suspending the medicine. Upon resuming it, the pains again appeared.
The experiment was tried several times with similar results.
her feeble state, it was not deemed prudent to carry the experiment
further. It is "emmenagogue." (Eclectic writers.)
In
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—In this case, whether pregnancy was
present or not, the Asclepias syr. manifested a decided specific action
upon the uterus. It caused intermitting, bearing-down, labor-like
pains, which but few drugs will do. (Cimicifuga, Caulophyllum, Uva
ursi.) The uterine pains caused by Ergot, Tanacetum and others of
that class, are more constant, remitting.
In domestic use it has some reputation as an emmenegogue, and
abortivant. It has been employed in dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea
by eclectic physicians with alleged success.
The above experiment would go to show, that it was homoeopathic
to dysmenorrhea and threatened abortion, especially when there
is copious discharge of urine. Dysmenorrhea is often accompanied
by diuresis, in which case this remedy would be perfectly indicated.
Bronchia, Lungs, etc.-No symptoms relating to the respiratory
organs were evolved in the above provings. It is, however, consid-
ered "expectorant" by many physicians. As a near congener of
Ipecac., it may cause increased secretion of mucus from the pulmonary
mucous membrane.
Dr. Pattee says: "The multitude, respectability, and strength of
evidence in favor of this plant in recent colds, catarrh, pneumonia,
suppressed secretions, etc., leaves no room to doubt its valuable pow-
ers. Its expectorant effects in bronchitis and other pulmonary com-
plaints is undoubted.
Dr. Clerborne says it forms the principle ingredient in various
"Indian cough medicines." The symptoms of "burning and tickling
in the fauces," noticed by him, might have led to a cough.
tainly denoted severe bronchial irritation.
Back and Extremities.--Dr. Lee says:
actions bears a close analogy to Cimicifuga."
It cer-
In rheumatism its
Dr. Pattee writes: "Of six cases of acute rheumatism that we
have treated with the A. syriaca, the average duration was eight days.
The inflammation was confined to the large joints, with considerable
pain and swelling. It had a remarkable effect in relieving the pain."
By reference to Dr. Clerborne's cases, it will be seen that in one
case it cured "pains in the limbs.”
8
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA.
(Pleurisy Root.)
ANALOGUES: Antimonium crudum, Asclepias syriaca, Arnica, (?)
Apocynum cannabinum, Bryonia, Cimicifuga, Caulophyllum, Dios-
corea, Dulcamara, Eupatorium perfoliatum and E. purpureum,
Eryngium, Ipecacuanha, Iris versicolor, Kali carbonicum,. Kali
hydriodicum, Pulsatilla, Senega, Squilla, Tartar emetic.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-The root of this variety of Asclepias
is perennial, and gives origin to numerous stems which are erect,
ascending, or procumbent, round, hairy, of a green or reddish color,
branching at the top, and about eighteen inches in height.. (It rarely
exceeds this, although it is stated to be three feet by some authorities.)
The leaves are, scattered, oblong-lanceolate, very hairy, of a deep
rich green color on their upper surface, paler beneath, and supported
usually on short foot stalks. The flowers are of a beautiful reddish-
orange color, and disposed in terminal or lateral corymbose umbels.
The fruit is an erect, lanceolate follicle, with flat ovate seeds, con-
nected to a longitudinal receptacle by long silky hairs. This plant
differs from other species of Asclepias in not emitting a milky juice.
when wounded. It flourishes from Massachusetts to Georgia, and
when in full bloom, in the months of June and July, exhibits a splen-
did appearance. The root is the part used in medicine. This is
large, irregularly tuberous, branching, often somewhat fusiform ;
externally brown, internally white and striated, and in the recent
state, of a sub-acrid nauseous taste. When dried it is easily pulver-
ized, and has a bitter, but not otherwise unpleasant taste.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the root. Triturations
of the root. (No confidence can be placed in the so-called active
principles of this plant. They are impure and do not represent
its medicinal qualities.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant, under the common names of
Pleurisy-root, White-root, Butterfly-weed, Flux-root, Wind-root,
Tuber-root, etc., is one of the oldest in use, and one of the most pop-
ular of our indigenous remedies. It is best known by the name first
mentioned, and is indicative of its well known usefulness in painful
affections of the thoracic organs. Rafinesque, who represents the
opinions of the early physicians of this country, mentions it as "sub-
tonic, diaphoretic, expectorant, diuretic, laxative, escharotic, carmin-
ative, anti-spasmodic, *** a mild sudorific, acting safely without
stimulating the body. It is supposed to act specifically on the lungs,
to promote suppressed expectoration, and relieves the breathing of
pleuritic patients. It relieves dyspnea and pains in the chest. ***
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA.
115
It is useful in complaints of children, colic, hysteria, menorrhagia,
dysentery, asthma, rheumatism, worms, syphilis, etc.'
""
The later writers, King, Scudder, Coe and Hollembaek, add but
little to the above. Instituting no physiological experiments, they
have ascertained nothing beyond the old empirical uses of the plant.
This plant has not been much used in homoeopathic practice.
Since the appearance of the first edition of this volume, it has been
used, but to a limited extent. The proving therein published was of
such unreliable character that no physician felt like trusting to it.
I have, however, gleaned some clinical experience from homœopathic
physicians, and have been furnished a proving of apparent value by
Dr. Thomas Nichol, of Belleville, C. W.
[The following proving, if such it can be called, was communicated
to the Jour. de la Societe Gallicana de Med. Hom. by A. Savery,
M. D., who, it seems was a pupil of Dr. B. Mure, of "Brazilian
provings" notoriety.
I insert the "proving," as before, in order that no accusation of
unjust bias can be made against me. At the same time I must again
enter my honest protest against the manner in which the experiment
was made; and state my conscientious belief of the utter worthless-
ness of the proving. I will state the grounds of my objections.
Only two drops of the tincture were taken; no repetition of the
dose was made, and all the symptoms, sensations, etc., felt by the
prover for the ensuing forty days were recorded. It is stated that at
the commencement of the proving, the prover was suffering from
irritation of the respiratory organs and stomach.
Now when we consider that the Asclepias is a mild, unirritating
medicine, except in large doses; much milder in its action than Ipe-
cacuanha or Apocynum; that in domestic practice it is common for
those having catarrhs, fever, or any simple ailment, to drink a pint
of the decoction, and to feel no other effects than gentle diaphoresis,
and complain of no after symptoms; that eclectic physicians use it in
almost every disease, in large doses of the fluid extract, or even the
active principle Asclepin, and note no bad effects; and finally, when
I state that I have taken the tincture in ten and twenty drop doses
four times a day and never noticed any unpleasant effect-any such
symptoms as Savery records-it seems incredible that the long list
of serious symptoms should be caused by only two drops of the
tincture.
We must remember, too, the admission that the experimenter
had "respiratory and gastric irritation," when he took the first dose,
and this alone should lead us to look with suspicion upon the proving.
It is with a good deal of hesitation that I have admitted this
116
NEW REMEDIES.
"proving" into the volume, for it is a very grave and important
matter to give a proving, which may be instrumental in determining
the life or death of a patient.
We hold in our hands, oftentimes, the lives of our patients,
and it behooves us to be solemnly conscientious in the selection of
those remedies which we use at the bedside of the sick. We should
neither be swayed by theory, prejudice, nor the dictum of other men,
but carefully weigh the value of a pathogenesis by the light of reason
and experience.
I copy the proving, as it was translated and arranged by Dr.
Rhees, and published in the American Homœopathic Review, Vol. 2,
and will not offer any clinical remarks of my own with this proving,
but let it stand by itself, and if any physician sees fit to accept the
pathogenesis as a reliable one, let him do so upon his own responsi-
bility. The symptoms enumerated bear some resemblance to those
which have been cured by Asclepias tuberosa; but throwing aside
all other circumstances, this proving should be substantiated by others
before it could be received. I fully agree with Prof. Small, that the
true test of the reliability of all provings is the multiplicity of exper-
iments. If they all evolve the same or similar symptoms, we cannot
hesitate to accept them.]
DR. SAVERY'S PROVING.
(The numerals indicate the days after taking the medicine.)
General Symptoms.-Sensation of numbness in the whole body.
Excessive weakness in the morning in bed. Walking seems impos-
sible. Sensation while walking as if he run not forward but toward the
left side. Aching in bones, and rheumatic pains in the extremities,
principally in the joints; those pains appear in one arm and in the
opposite leg at the same time; thus if the left arm is affected the
right leg suffers in sympathy, and the left leg with the right arm ;
this circumstance was almost constant. Quivering and twitching of
the muscles in different parts; emaciation.
Skin.-Pimples, vesicles or pustules began to appear on the 15th
day, and spread gradually over almost the whole body, but particu-
larly on the arms, legs, and in the face; they are very painful and
itch excessively, and continue more than eight days. A red inflamed
spot on the upper part of the right thigh, as large as a dollar, painful
and itching, continuing several days, and leaving a dark stain (23).
Many vesicles on the lips (23). Pock-like pustules on the arms.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-We believe it be a powerful antipsoric,
useful for cutaneous eruptions.—Savery,
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA.
117
Sleep.-Difficult and late sleep at night, with great sleepiness in
the morning, and through the day. Confused and anxious dreams.
Fever.-Feverish the first day, the pulse being at first 55, after-
wards 70. Sometimes much thirst, sometimes none.
On the eighth
day, pulse 92. Pulse thready, 95, during diarrhoea.
Mind and Sensorium.-Excessive dejection (15). Weakness of
memory (2). Difficulty of thinking, collectedly. Fecling of drunk-
enness, after smoking very little, with weakness of vision.
Head. Pain in the forehead with a feeling of heaviness in the
side, continuing the whole day (1). Headache is present almost
daily, generally more severe early in the morning. Headache in the
morning, while rising, with weakness, that he must lie down again;
it continued the whole day, and all the following night (7). Pricking
as with nails in the head, and at the same time in other parts (2).
Pains in the scalp, in the left side of the occiput, like touching a
pustule (16). Falling off of the hair (39).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has proved useful in Cephalalgia;
gastric headaches, and neuralgias.—S.
Eyes. Transitory pain behind the left eyeball, in a few minutes.
Broad dark spots before the eyes, with slow pulse of 55, (1). Itching
in the angles and lids of the right eye (3). Inflammation of the con-
junctiva for many days; (this, however, is not an unusual symptom
with the prover). Pain in the eyes, by gaslight. The eyes look
lanquid and fatigued. Feeling as if sand were in the eyes. The
lower lids are painful as if ulcerated.
Face.-Yellowness of the face (15). Facies hippocratica (after
Yellow coating on the teeth.
violent diarrhoea on the 15th day).
Pain in the right inferior molars (24).
Mouth.-Itching of the lips. Lips inflamed and covered with
herpetic vesicles. Gums very pale and almost yellow; they bleed
easily and repeatedly. Yellow, tough coating on the tongue, putrid
taste.
Pharynx.-Transitory constriction and stinging in the throat,
extending to the larynx (1). Pains in the throat. Soreness of the
throat (26).
Appetite, etc.-Deficient appetite, especially in the morning,
insatiable hunger (2). Eructations on the first day, less frequent on
the second. Nausea in the morning on rising (17). Taste of blood
in the mouth.
Stomach.-Burning in the stomach (after 25 minutes). Pains in
the stomach; nervous, even amounting to violent gastralgia; also
118
NEW REMEDIES.
cramp-like. Sensation as if the stomach would burst, while laughing.
The pains in the stomach continue, almost without a day's intermis-
sion until the 42d day.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-Gastralgia.-S.
Abdomen.-Throbbing in the left hypochondria. Pains in the
intestines, (after 20 minutes) subsequently attended with burning in
the right hypochondriac region and stomach. Much flatulence,
smelling like the medicine, with colic-like pains, with a sensation
when walking as if belly would drop. Violent pain in the hypogas-
trium as if the region were ulcerated, with tenderness to pressure.
Colic, while going up stairs; while walking; after one o'clock, (8-14)
and also in the morning, during each stool.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.—It is indicated and useful in Enteritis.
(Jaundice), etc.-S.
Stool.-Fluid, painful stool (2) of very strong smell (37). Clam-
my stool, of green color, and smelling like spoiled eggs, followed by
pain in the anus. On the 14th day, at one o'clock at night, a painful
and copious stool with violent colic, and a sensation as though the
bowels would come out; half an hour afterwards, small but very
painful stool; at 2 o'clock the same kind of stool, but with increased
pain. (Veratrum, relieved the pain.) At 11 o'clock another stool
almost black in color, clammy, with many ascarides, and yellow spots
like fat, attended with a feeling as if a stream of fire passed through
the 'abdomen. In the afternoon, a stool of intense yellow color, with
green and yellow flakes. In the evening, a stool exactly like the
white of an egg, with no focal matter whatever. The following day
the fœces are entirely enveloped in froth. Tenesmus.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have found it curative in acute
enteritis; and it is indicated in Dysentery, Diarrhæa, etc.—S.
Urine.-During the first twelve days the urine is red to satura¯
tion. On the 17th day it looks as if mixed with blood; after standing
a short time, small, dark red, almost black points of the size of a
pin's head rise on the surface, and much mucus is deposited on the
bottom of the vessel. The urine is more red than normal all the time.
Generative Organs.-Painful stitches in the urethra, repeat-
edly. Ulcerous excoriations on the glans, resembling chancre,
with a pus-like secretion, (disappearing in a few days from washing
in urine.) [The prover had chancre ten years ago.
One year ago,
while proving this medicine, on the third day a chancre appeared on
the left side of the prepuce, then on the right, lasting two days.
Copious perspiration of the genitals.
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA.
119
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-We have employed this medicine with
uniform success in constitutional syphilis, and it is indicated in ven-
ereal diseases.
Catarrhal. At first dry, then fluent coryza during the first few
days, with much sneezing. Subsequently a blowing out of some
blood from one nostril for several days.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-It may prove useful in Asthma and
affections of the nose.
Larynx and Chest, Heart.-Pain in the laruyx. The breath
smells like pepper. Necessity to inspire hurriedly, followed by a sen-
sation of oppression. Want of breath, like asthma, often very great,
particularly after eating and smoking. Pain in the right lung.
Pricking pain in the region of the heart. Contracting pain in the
heart.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have employed it successfully in
cases of Phthisis and Asthma. It seems indicated in Carditis.-S.
Back and Extremities.-Stinging, transitory stitches between
the shoulder blades. Pain in the loins like lumbago. Pain in left.
shoulder, soon after in the right, like rheumatism. Pain in bones of
left arm. Rheumatic pain in fore arm down to fingers. Numbness
of right hand. Violent itching in hands and fingers. Pain in hips
like coxalgia. Rending pain in knees up to the hips, when walking
and rising. The ankles feel as if sprained. Pain in bones of left
ankle, drawing in soles and in the toes. Violent itching on the legs
up to the knees.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems to be indicated in articular
rheumatism and bone pains. Lumbago, etc.-S.
REMARKS. It is to be regretted that the foregoing experiment was
not conducted differently. Had the dose (2 drops) been repeated
every 4 or 6 hours, and other persons joined in the proving, something
reliable might have been evolved; but in this case we are at a loss
to know whether any of the symptoms resulted from the medicine, or
whether the "gastric and respiratory irritation" which the prover had
when he commenced, was not the cause of the long array of symptoms.
I am free to admit that the symptoms of the stomach, chest and
bowels, are similar to those which I know to be caused by Asclepias
tuberosa,but we should have further provings before we blindly accept
I will briefly mention the conditions for which I have pre-
scribed the Asclepias tub. with apparent benefit.
this one.
Generally, it is very appropriate in diseases of children. In this
respect it resembles Ipecac. also in asthmatic persons, and those sub-
ject to catarrhal affections; and many diseases which owe their origin
to cold and damp weather.
120
NEW REMEDIES.
(a.) It is useful in the coughs and colds of children; in a loose
rattling cough with difficulty of breathing; in those nasal catarrhs
which children suffer from ("snuffles"). I have known a child cured of
hoarse croupy cough, tightness of breathing, and fever, with hot but
moist skin, by half a teaspoonful of weak infusion, administered by the
mother, every hour; no vomiting or nausea was caused. (The
dose in this case was about equal to a drop of the dilution.) I
once treated a case of pleurisy in a child 12 years of age with Ascle-
pias t. 2nd; the symptoms were much pain of a cutting character in
the left side, during inspiration; some dyspnoea, fever, and hacking
cough. No other medicine was given, and on the the fifth day the
patient was convalescent.
Such confidence have the country people in this remedy, that I have
known parents treat their children for catarrhal fever, pneumonias, etc.,
with this plant, giving it in warm infusion, rather than run the risk of
placing them under the care of allopathic physicians. It is not necessary
to induce its nauseant action, in order to get its beneficial influence on
organs of respiration This fact the eclectic school now acknowledge, as
does the allopathic school in relation to Ipecac. and Tartar emetic.
There is certainly a large amount of testimony in favor of the specific
action of Asclepias tuberosa upon the respiratory organs.
We will
quote some of the most important authorities:
Dr. Wood says, "it has long been employed in catarrh, pneumo-
nia, pleurisy, consumption and other pectoral affections, and appears to
to be decidedly useful if applied in the early stages.
Dr. Bigelow writes, "I am satisfied of its utilty as an expectorant
medicine, and have seen no benefit arise from its use as a palliative
in phthisis.
Dr. Beach declares," its action on the lungs is specific, assisting
suppressed expectoration, and relieving the difficult breathing of pa-
tients who are laboring under attacks of pleurisy, which circumstance
has obtained for it one of its popular names." It relieves difficulty
of breathing in general, together with pains in chest.
*
Several writers have stated that they "have used it in many
cases of pleurisy and pneumonia with the most marked advantage, and
this, too, in nearly every stage of these. * It not only operates
favorably as a diaphoretic, but is an expectorant of transcendent value,
invariably increasing the freedom of breathing, and exerts a specific
control over inflammation of the thoracic viscera." "It has been used
with benefit in asthma,” etc.
(b.) I have found it useful in vomiting of mucus, and gastric debility.
Prof. Lee says, "It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, restoring tone to the
stomach, and relieving gastric pains and flatulence." Any drug which
is capable of causing irritation of the stomach, induces weakness of
that organ; deranges the function, and thence dyspepsia. Asclepias
tub. then cures this condition in small doses because it causes it in
large.
(c.) In the colic from flatulence, or from intestinal irritation, in
children or adults, or in catarrhal diarrhoea, this remedy will be
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA.
121
found useful. In this respect it resembles Chamomilla. I have
found it useful in the dysenteries occurring in the autumn months,
when the nights are cold and damp. Dr. Parker, of Mass., employed
it for 25 years in dysentery, and had the greatest confidence in its
powers. I have known it to cure in a few hours, severe rheumatic
pains from a cold, with chilliness alternating with heat. I have
generally used the tincture in doses of two or three drops, or the 1st
or 2d dil., in same doses. I have no doubt but the higher dilutions
would act equally well especially in young children.
Since the preparation of the above, the following Proving
has been received:
PROVING BY THOMAS NICHOL, M. D., of BELLEVILLE, C. w.
The Prover is 34 years of age, strong and muscular, of sanguine
temperament, with fair hair and gray eyes. Has been accustomed to
the proving of drugs, and is very susceptible to their influence.
On Nov. 9th, 1865, being in excellent health, I took at 11:45 A. M.
20 drops of the 1st decimal dilution of a tincture of Asclepia tuberosa
procured from Dr. Lodge's Pharmacy; in fifteen minutes dry cough
with constriction of the throat; at 12 o'clock feeling of warmth in the
chest, with dull pain at the base of both lungs, with feeling of tight-
ness. At 12:30 P. M. sharp pains shooting from the left nipple down-
ward, with stiffness of the left side of the neck. The pulse was 64
at the commencement of the proving, it is now 88 and small. Warmth
of the skin. At 3 P. M. took 30 drops 1st decim. dil., at 3:30, return
of the pain beneath the left nipple, with palpitation of the heart.
Throughout the evening the pains kept increasing, making respiration
painful, especially at the base of the left lung, which is dull on per-
cusssion, while the cough is dry and spasmodic. At 10 P. M. took 40
drops first dec. dil. Was awake about 4 A. M. and found that the pain
was increased and the cough worse. Towards evening unusual eleva-
tion of spirits.
Nov. 10th. Took 40 drops at 11 A. M. At 12 M. dull aching headache
in the forehead and vertex, which is aggravated by motion and relieved
by lying down. At 12:25 P. M. rumbling and uneasiness in the bow-
els with feeling of heat in the umbilical region. The headache presses
deeply on the base of the skull, and is very similar to the Ipec. head-
ache. Itching of the skin of the thighs, though no eruption is visible.
At 4:30 P. M. the pain moved up to behind the sternum, and became
more sharp and cutting; aggravated by drawing a long breath and by
motion of the hands as in triturating. Chilly, with cold feet, though
the room was warm. At 5 P. M. took 40 drops. Singing or loud
speaking aggravates the thoracic pain. At 10 P. M. took 40 drops.
122
NEW REMEDIES.
Nov. 11th. At 9:30 P. M. took 50 drops of the same preparation.
Swimming of the head with dullness behind the forehead. Continued
itching of the thighs and nates. The cough continues dry and harsh,
and coughing causes pain in the forehead and also in the abdomen
The pain in the lungs is relieved by bending forward. The spaces
between the ribs close to the sternum are tender on pressure, and the
pain, which is quick, darting and more acute than at first, shoots over
to the right side. At noon the pain was shooting up to the left
shoulder which was painful in motion. At 9 P. M. thè cheerful mood
changed, and, without any exterior cause, I became fretful and
peevish.
Nov. 12th. Had uneasy sleep during the first part of the prece-
ding night, with frightful dreams, which awoke me at 3 A. M. Found
that the pain of the left lung had abated, and had left a feeling of
weariness, though the pain returned on coughing or drawing a deep
respiration. The pain is now very acute on the right side, and seems
to be seated in the pleura. Cough dry and hacking, though a little
mucus is raised with a great effort. 9 A. M. head feels dull and
gloomy, and there are sharp, shooting pains in the right shoulder.
10 P. M. took 20 drops of the mother tincture. At 4 P. M. pressing
pain in the bowels and emission of fetid flatulence. At 5 P. M. press-
ive pain in the stomach, with rumbling in the bowels. Languor and
disinclination for work. Awoke at 3 A. м, by rumbling in the bowels
accompanied by sharp cutting pains; felt tranquil and calm, though
the pain was very severe.
Nov. 13th. Soft and fetid stool at 11 A. M., preceded by rumbling
in bowels. Thoracic pains easier to-day, though they are still felt in
the region of the diaphraghm and on motion. At 4 P. M. took 30 drops
of the mother tincture. At 5 P. M. another stool similar to that in
the morning; this is an unusual occurrence. At 11 P. M. urging to
stool. Slept all night, but had gloomy and frightful dreams. On
awaking at 6 a. M. rumbling in the bowels with soreness of the peri-
toneum; a dull pain on pressure.
Nov. 14th. At 7 A. M. took 40 drops of the 1st dec, dil., as I had
noted more decided symptoms from it than from the mother tincture.
Languid and dull all day, both in body and mind. Felt precisely as
if I were recovering from a long and severe sickness. The appetite
is deficient, and there is a disagreeable feeling of weight at the
stomach.
Nov. 15th. Aching pains in the knees, and driving pains in the
thighs, and feel still more languid than on the preceding day. Slept
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
123
all night till 5 A. M., when I was awoke by frightful dreams, which
had haunted me all night. The chest feels weak and sore, without
cough, though no pain is felt on drawing a long breath,
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
(Wild Indigo.)
ANALOGUES: Bryonia, Agaricus, Kali chloricum, Nitric acid
Rhus toxicodendron.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is indigenous, growing in
most parts of the United States, in dry and poor soils, in woods and
on hills. It blooms in July and August, having bright yellow flowers,
in small loose clusters at the end of the branches. It resembles a
shrub, and grows from one to two feet high. The fruit is an oblong
pod of a bluish black color. It contains indigo, tannin, an acid, and
baptisin. When the whole plant or any portion of it is dried, it be-
comes black and affords a blue dye, inferior to Indigo.
There are thirteen species of the Baptisia in the United States.
The most important are the B. tinctoria, B. alba, (with white flowers,)
B. leucatha, (with white flowers.) These grow in the Western
States on prairies, etc., and probably possess very similar qualities to
the B. tinctoria, but none have been proven but the last named. As
the other species may be mistaken for the one in use in our school,
the botanical description of the B. tinctoria is here given from Wood:
Glabrous branching, leaves subsessile, leaflets small, roundish,
obovate, acute at base, very obtuse at apex; stipules setaceous, cadu-
cous; racemes loose, terminal; legumes subglobous. A plant with
bluish green foliage, frequent in dry soils. Stem very bushy, about
2 feet high. Leaflets about 7 lines by 4 to 6 long, emarginate;
petiole 1 to 2 lines long. Flowers 6 to 12 or more in each raceme.
Petals 6 lines long, yellow. Legume (seed vessel) about as long as a
pea, on a long stipe, mostly one-seeded."
MEDICAL HISTORY.-In some parts of the country the young shoots
are used as a substitute for asparagus, to which they bear some resem-
blance, and they occasionally cause drastic purgation, especially if
caten after they assume a green color. Alcohol and water will take
up its active properties. Its medicinal virtues reside principally
in the bark of the root. The agent promises fair to become one of
our most powerful and valuable polychrests. We have several
provings of it, made by Drs. Burt, Hill, Douglas, Thompson and
others. But the proving of Dr. W. H. Burt, is the most thorough
and suggestive. Dr. B. is one of the most correct and enthusiastic
provers in the homoeopathic ranks. Eclectic writers utter their usual
indefinite phrases, in relation to this agent. Without any clear idea
of its physiological action, they assert it to be anti-septic, astringent,
124
NEW REMEDIES.
tonic, emetic. cathartic and alterative. One only wonders that they
did not use all the rest of the terms found in the Materia Medica. Not a
few of that school consider it a เ
febrifuge," and many deem it to be
powerfully "depressant "in its action over the nervous and vascular
systems, while King says it is a "stimulant" It is only by a study
of the general and special symptoms elicited by our provings, that we
can arrive at any correct conclusion as to its real effects upon the
healthy organism. There is one property which the physicians of
the eclectic school allege the Baptisia to possess, which should com-
mand our attention and investigation. I allude to its asserted anti-
septic power. Applied in the form of a wash, to ulcers, mucous surfaces,
etc., when there is a tendency to putrescency of the fluids and solids,
gangrenes, foetid discharges, etc., it is said to correct the conditions.
alluded to, in a very prompt manner. It is therefore advised in
"malignant sore mouth and throat, mercurial sore mouth, scrofulous or
syphilitic ophthalmia, erysipelatous ulcers," etc. My experience, and
that of some of my colleagues in the homoeopathic school would seem
to verify some of these assertions. Its action seems to be somewhat
analogous to the chlorine compounds.
General Symptoms.-" If given in very large doses it causes a
very disagreeable prostration of the whole system.”—(King.) Lying
in one position for a few minutes, as upon the back, caused the sacral
region to become exceedingly painful, as though I had lain on a hard
floor all night, and inducing the conviction that a short continuance of
the same position, would cause bed sores. When turning on the other
side, the same sensation was produced on the hips, obliging me at last
to turn on my face to relieve those parts. (D) (Arnica causes the
same symptoms, and it is very commonly met with in typhoid fever.
Hale.) Intolerance of pressure on all parts upon which pressure
was made. Felt weak and tremulous, as though recovering from a fit
of sickness. Incapable of making any vigorous mental or physical
exertion. An indescribable sick-feeling all over, with great languor.
Stiffness of all the joints as though strained. Rheumatic pains and
soreness all over the body.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-All these symptoms, indicate clearly that
the Baptisa is an analogue of Rhus, Mercury, and even some of the
nervous. sedatives." It powerfully lowerst he vitality of the organ-
ism.
CC
Characteristic Symptoms. -All the symptoms increased by
taking a glass of beer. The pains are of a pressive, drawing charac-
ter; aggravated by motion, relieved by rest and excitement. The
right side of the body is most affected.
Nervous System.-The hands felt large and were tremulous, with
apeculiar thrilling sensation through both hands and feet, somewhat
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
125
like "going to sleep," a want of circulation. Intolerance of pressure on
all parts of the body-it caused soreness. (D) Arms and legs tremble.
Numb sensations all over the body. Sensation of paralysis of the eye-
lids. The general action of the Baptisia, upon the nervous system, is
that of a sedative. It seems to cause a degree of paralysis, both of
sensation and motion. In this it resembles Rhus, Aconite and Gel-,
seminum. It may cause a peculiar erethism of the nervous system,
but this condition is due to debility and not stimulation.
Lymphatic System.-Swelling of the inguinal glands. Swelling
of the tonsils.-(Burt.) Like Mercury and Phytolacca, the Baptisia
seems to stimulate or rather irritate, the glandular system. Allopathic
writers decree that Mercury is a stimulant to the lymphatic and
glandular system, although it depresses all the other functions of
organic life. This is the general belief of the adherents of that school.
It is not a healthy stimulation, but rather an irritation. Phytolacca
and Baptisia have the same action. They are therefore homoeopathic :
primarily, to irritation of the glandular system, and secondarily: to
indolent atonic states of that system. It may be as well in this place
to quote the testimony of eclectic writers, as to the specific action of
Baptisia upon the glands. It acts powerfully upon the glandular sys-
tems, increasing all the glandular secretions. The leaves applied in
fomentations have discussed tumors and swelling of the female breast,
resembling schirrus."-(King.) "It has been used with advantage
as a deobstruent, in visceral obtructions and engorgement." (J. & S.
Mat. Med.) "Baptisia is a sure and powerful alterative, and may be
employed with confidence in all affections of the glandular system. In
scrofula and cutaneous disorders few remedies are more beneficial.".
(Coe.) I have known it used in phagadenic ulcerations of glands with
excellent results. In several cases of ulceration of the tonsils, after
scarlatina, or in diphtheria, it has, in my hands, surpassed my expec-
tations. I used it both internally and locally.
Mucous Membranes. By examining its special effects as recorded
in the provings, it will be seen that the Baptisia causes ulcerations,
of many mucous surfaces, particularly of the buccal cavity. In this
respect it resembles Mercurius, Nitric acid, Phytolacca, and Cornus
cir. It is specifically indicated in discharges from mucous surfaces
having a foetid odor, and a sanious excoriating character. The par-
ticular indications for its use will be given under appropriate head-
ings.
Vascular System, Fever, etc.-Feeling of greatly increased
compass and frequently of the pulsations of the heart; pulsation.
126
NEW REMEDIES
seem to fill the chest; the pulse (usually but little over 70) 90, full
and soft. Uncomfortable burning heat of whole surface, especially the
face. Tongue felt dry, smarted and felt sore, as if burnt. The heat
compelled me to move to a cool part of the bed, and finally to rise and
open a window, and wash my face and hands; with these symptoms
there was a peculiar feeling of the head, which is never felt except
during the presence of fever; a sort of excitement of the brain which
is the preliminary, or rather beginning of delirium. For a short time,
slight febrile, chilly horripulations on the lower limbs and back. (D)
Burning sensation over the body, followed by perspiration, vomiting,
and diarrhoea with dark stools, debility, slow, round, full pulse.
(Beckwith.) Thirst and flashes of heat over the face. General heat
after going to bed. Heat and burning in the lower extremities, so
intense as to prevent sleep. Chill all day with fever at night, with
rheumatic pains and soreness all over the body. Pulse at first accel-
erated; afterwards became very low and faint. Surface of the body
chilly.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The careful investigator, cannot fail to
be struck with the evident fact, that Baptisia, if long continued in
large doses, would be capable of inducing a condition of the blood
similar to the "typhus crasis "; and a state of the fluids of the body,
nearly identical with that occuring in low fevers. Its action on the
nervous system also would tend to set up a typhoid erethism, and its
effects upon mucuos surfaces would indicate its power to cause
those peculiar intestinal lesions which constitute the characteristic of
typhoid fever. Before giving the experience of our school in the use
of Baptisia in fevers, I will present the testimony of eclectic physicians.
King says it is indicated in typhus, and all cases when there is a
tendency to putrescency. He uses it in the low stages of typhoid
fever, and in all typhoid conditions, occurring in other diseases. Jones
asserts, that it has been used sucessfully in cases of typhoid and
typhus fever, whenever there is a tendency to putrescency. It is
resorted to by eclectic practitioners in low fevers, with the same con-
fidence, that we administer the mineral acids, Rhus, Bryonia, etc.
Under its use, they claim that the disease is materially shortened in
duration, and robbed of its intensity; but they unluckily compound
it so often with other drugs, that we must look to homoeopathic author-
ity for clear proof of its usefulness.
The following cases, related by Dr. Hoyt, in the North Amer.
Jour. Vol. 6, p. 226, were the first to bring the Baptisia to the notice
of the profession. It was used by many physicians, however, before
the cases alluded to were published:
Case 1.-Mrs. C. was taken with typhus fever, and treated allo-
pathically. She became so reduced that her life was despaired of,
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
127
and after the continuation of the fever for thirty-one days, as a las
resort, Mr. C. prepared a decoction of the Baptisia; taking a piece
of the root about three inches long and 3th inches thick, steeping it
inpint of water. He commenced by giving her 5 or 6 drops of the
decoction once in 15 minutes, increasing till he gave nearly a tea-
spoonful at a dose. In about one and one-half hours the surface of
the patient presented an appearance as though she had been literally
scalded, so red was the skin, accompanied with a most intense super-
ficial heat; at the same time noticing large drops of sweat standing
on her forehead, the medicine was discontinued. In a few minutes a
profuse perspiration appeared all over the body, which continued for
nearly 12 hours, or till she was bathed freely with brandy and water.
From this time she began to improve, and with the occasional admin-
istration of a drop or two of the remedy, got well, without any febrile
symptoms. It is worthy of remark that immediately upon the admin-
istration of the remedy she became quiet and fell asleep; she had
been restless and delirious for three weeks previous.
Cases 2 and 3.--Mr. and Mrs. S. being very unwell, I was called,
and found them suffering with symptoms of continued fever. After
prescribing Aconite, Rhus tox, etc., without much effect, and my
patients growing rapidly worse, I was induced to use the Baptisia in
decoction, as in case 1. I remained to watch the operation of the
remedy. To my great surprise, in about an hour the perspiration
appeared upon the foreheads of my patients, and it gradually covered
the entire surface. In about six hours they were thoroughly bathed.
with tepid water, and the next morning scarce a vestige of the fever
remained, and a rapid recovery followed.
Case 4.—Mr. R. was taken with typhus fever, and had the usual
homoeopathic remedies for several days. An unfavorable prognosis
was given, and the Baptisia was decided upon. It was administered
and its effects watched. In this case, drop doses of an alcoholic tinc-
ture were used. The fever was reduced more than one-half in a few
hours, and by a continuation of the remedy he was saved. A fierce
delirium was present in this case, but it rapidly gave way under the
action of the medicine."
Several other cases of undoubted typhoid fever have been reported
as arrested, by the use of Baptisia. Indeed some physicians are so
enthusiastic that they assert its power to "break up" a continued fever
in any of its stages. Were it necessary to substantiate the value of
Baptisia in continued fevers, with typhoid symptoms, I could record
128
NEW REMEDIES.
the testimony of scores of homeopathic physicians, who have related
their successful experience with this remedy.
Dr. Small values this remedy highly in typhoid fever. He has
observed that while it appears to be very useful in some epidemics, in
others, and at a differsnt season, it does not act as well. In a case
lately treated by him, which commenced in a mild form but on the
fifth day was attacked with exhausting diaarrhoea; the symptoms on
the sixth day were as follows, "delirious stupor, face dark red with a
besotted expression, eyes injected, diarrhoea, tongue coated brown, dry,
particularly in the center, very offensive breath, sordes on the teeth
foetor of the urine and stools."
Baptisia was prescribed, a few drops in a glass of water, a spoon-
ful every hour. In twelve hours there was an apparent improvement.
In twenty-four hours a return of consciousness, the tongue was moist,
and all the symptoms had improved. The remedy was continued a
few days until others were indicated, and the patient made a good
recovery.
Nearly the same symptoms occurred in my own practice in a case
of typhoid. They were all alleviated in twenty-four hours by the
Baptisia. Upon changing to Phosphoric acid the bad symptoms
returned, but were dissipated by the Baptisia again. This time it
was continued several days, and other remedies completed the cure.
Dr. C. C. Smith, of Stamford, Conn., writes concerning his expe-
rience of its use: 'Yesterday, Dec. 8th, was called to see a patient
whom I found threatened with typhoid fever. Excessive drowsiness,
pulse 120 and thready, lips parched and cracked, pasty, tongue heavily
furred, great thirst, could not give a direct answer to a simple ques-
tion without his mind wandering, or falling into a deep sleep in the
middle of a sentence, great delirium at night, could scarcely be kept
in bed, low muttering. Gave 4 drops of Baptisia, 1st dec. dil., in
half tumbler of water, dessert spoonful every hour. After taking
medicine all night broke out in a gentle perspiration, about 5 a. M.
pulse came down and patient fell asleep. I found him quite bright
in the morning and perfectly rational in every way, passed urine fre-
quently through the night in very small quantities of a bad odor.
This patient had been confined on the cholera vessel at quarantine,
New York."
Dr, J. B. Bell, of Augusta, Me., in an article entitled, "Single
Symptoms,' "* mentions as its characteristic symptom in typhoid
* Hahnemannian Monthly, No. 4, page 181,
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
129
fever:
"She cannot go to sleep because she cannot get herself
together. Her head feels as though scattered about, and she tosses
about the bed to get the pieces together."
As this peculiar symptom is often met with in typhoid, it becomes
a valuable indication along with other symptoms, such as fœter of the
breath, dry mouth and tongue, sordes on the teeth, soreness of the
flesh, etc.
During the progress of Scarlatina, certain symptoms may arise
for which this medicine will prove spacific. One such case occurred
in my practice. A child, eight years of age, in the sixth day of the
attack, had dry red tongue, fætid breath, fever, some stupor, dysenteric
stools of scanty bloody mucus. Baptisia removed the unpleasant
symptoms in two days and the patient recovered in a short time.
I have used it for nearly six years in my practice, and consider it
equally important with Rhus, Phosphoric acid, and Arsenicum, when
indicated. The following are, in brief, the characteristic indications
for its use Chillness all day; heat at night; chillness with soreness
of the whole body; heavy, dull, bruised sensation in the head, stupe-
fying headache, confusion of ideas, delirium at night, heavy sleep
with frightful dreams, dry red tongue, or brown coated tongue, sticky
mouth, fœtid breath, foetid sweat, and great fœtor of the discharges,
(urine and stool), great debility and nervous prostration with erethism;
ulcerations of a bad character, etc. I usually use the mother tincture,
or the lower dilutions, a few drops in water, every one, two, or three
hours. It acts well, when alternated with phosphoric or muriatic acid,
and may be used with benefit in nearly all the stages of a typhoid,
and even in the premonitory or forming stage I am certain that its
timely usc has prevented the establishment of the fever, if given
when the first symptoms of languor, chillness and soreness of the
whole body begin to appear. It is doubtful if Baptisia is indicated
in all fevers. It is one of the misfortunes of all schools of medicine,
that when a new remedy comes up, it is seized upon by certain
enthusiastic members of the profession, and they, losing sight of its
specific indications, proceed to laud it in the most extravagant terms,
as a panacea in all discases. This has been the case with several new
remedies lately introduced in the homoeopathic materia medica.
Rumex crispus, a really valuable remedy for pulmonary affections;
an analogue of Phosphorus; was so highly lauded, that physicians,
not finding it equal to the task of curing every kind of cough, threw
it aside, and it is now too much neglected. Some practitioners, like Dr.
Wolf, have estimated too highly Apis mel.; others too highly Aconite,
9
130
NEW REMEDIES.
Gelseminum and Atropine. Such has been the fate of Baptisia. Dr.
Hill, does not hesitate to recommend it in nearly every type and
variety of fever. (See "Epitome.") This wholesale recommenda-
tion, has been an injury to the reputation of the medicine, and indi-
rectly an injury to our school, and our patients. The range of action
of Baptisia is as limited as any other fever remedy. It may some-
times be indicated in catarrhal, bilious, rheumatic, or congestive
fevers; occasionally in the exanthematous fevers, when they assume
an adynamic type; but only when the symptoms and conditions resem-
ble those caused by the medicine.
Dr. J. Harmer Smith, M. R. C. S., Blackheath, England, reports
a case of Gastric lapsed into Typhoid Fever, treated by Baptisia
tinctoria : *
Case.-V. A.—, æt. about 27, City Missionary, Hampstead. San-
guine-bilious temperament.
March 2d, 1863.-I received an urgent telegraphic message to
visit him immediately, as he was very ill of fever. I was not sur-
prised to receive this intelligence, as I was aware that he had been
in daily attendance on a poor boy who lived in a low and crowded
lodging-house in the immediate neighborhood of his own dwelling,
and who had been dangerously ill of fever. I visited him at once,
and found him as had been described in the telegram.
The symptoms were what the old writers would have described as
being of a phlogistic character, and Cullen as marking a synochal
type of fever. There was hot, dry skin, flushed face, rapid and full
pulse, headache, throbbing of the temporal arteries, &c., &c., for which
I prescribed Aconite and Belladonna. He took Aconite until the next
day; but I continued the Belladonna for several days. There was
no material change until the evening of the 5th, except that the inflam-
matory symptoms were gradually moderated.
6th.—Wife says his symptoms became aggravated late last night;
wanted to get out of bed in the night, and had to be held there by
force; talked wildly all night; symptoms distinctly typhoid; pulse
100; tongue baked down centre, and yet less thirst than there has
been. Diarrhoea frequent and urgent; motions passed in bed; not
troubled about it afterwards. Tinct. Baptisia, gt. o. hora; Arsen-
icum, 1, p. r. n.
7th.-Diarrhoea continues. Still passes motions in bed,.but bowels
not moved for two or three hours previous to my visit. Tongue not
* British Jour. of Hom., July, 1865.
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
131
so dry; quieter; regards you with a stupid stare, and a bewildered
expression of countenance. Omit Arsenicum, continue Baptisia.
9th.-Rose-colored spots tolerably numerous on trunk, slightly
raised, disappear under firm pressure; skin dry and hot; decided
improvement in intelligence; complained of feeling as if not at home;
asked if he should get better; complains of uneasy feelings in head,
not amounting to pain; frequent groaning; scalp hot; face flushed;
cold applications to head grateful; pulse 90, soft and compressible.
Tongue, thick dark coating; sometimes he has much difficulty in pro
truding it. Allows fluids given him to run out of his mouth; asked
for bread and butter, but could not get it down, and requested his
wife to take it out of his mouth. Bowels moved once; motion liquid;
asked for bed-pan; micturition free; urine normal in appearance.
Continue Baptisia.
Evening.-Pulse 84, small and soft; says he feels better; much
dysphagia.
10th, 8.30 a. M.--Sleepless night; headache; scalp hot; incohe-
rent talking during a part of the night, but sensible now; constant
moaning during night, which kept his wife awake in next room. Can
swallow much more readily, but tongue still protruded with difficulty.
In spite of the amelioration of the symptoms, they were still suffi
ciently grave to excite some alarm, and some of the relatives of the
patient desired him to see an Allopath. This being, however, deci-
dedly objected to by his wife, my friend Dr. Kidd kindly consented to
visit him by my request.
4 P. M.-Visited by Dr. Kidd, who noticed that there was a good
deal of tenderness in the region of the descending colon, and diag
nosed ulceration there. As the Baptisia was evidently doing good,
he recommended its continuance, with an occasional intercurrent dose
of Belladonna if there were much delirium; which was only, there-
fore, given during the subsequent night.
11th.-Dozed several times in the night; excited each time on
awaking. Diarrhoea returned in the night; motions passed in bed,
although conscious, but unable to restrain them; increased tenderness
of abdomen. Tongue moist, furred centre and red margin. Pulse
96, fuller. Head cool; pain gone. Continue Baptisia, Arsenicum 1
p. r. n.
10.30 P. M.-Slept all evening; awoke quite sensible; pulse 75.
Continue medicine.
12th.-Slept all night without moaning. Inquired after family
matters for the first time since his illness; intelligence fully returned,
132
NEW REMEDIES.
Pulse 72; no return of diarrhea; abdominal tenderness much less-
ened, and confined to umbilical region. Begins to complain of thirst.
Tongue, furred centre and red tip and edges. Omit Arsenicum, con-
tinue Baptisia.
Evening. Dozed all day; asked for food and drink; bowels
moved once.
13th. - Slept well. Tongue dry; great thirst; abdominal tender-
ness gone; ate part of a chop without my leave; pulse 72. Continue
Baptisia.
14th.-Slept well. Tongue moist; pulse 72; constant dozing.
Continue Baptisia.
15th.-Continues to improve. Continue Baptisia.
17th. Further improvement. Omit Baptisia. China ter die.
Able to leave his bed in a day or two after this report, and called on
me on the 28th.
This was clearly a case of typhoid or enteric fever, judging both
from the history and symptoms. It was distinctly traceable to infec
tion. The symptoms began a few days after my patient had paid
repeated visits to a case of fever. In the earlier stage of the disease
the symptoms were what are generally known as gastric fever; which
is viewed, I think, by most writers on fever, as descriptive of a cer-
tain form and stage of typhoid fever, and though marked by very
definite symptoms, yet not as being a distinct disease.
The Baptisia I felt, both at the time and subsequently, had a
decided influence in mitigating the symptoms, and in conducting the
case to a favorable issue. It had been only introduced to my notice
by Dr. Hughes on the evening previous to my prescribing it in this
casc.
If I had then studied its pathogenesy, I should have been aware
that it has diarrhoea amongst its symptoms; so that I need not have
given intercurrent doses of Arsenicum when diarrhoea supervened.
The rapid cure of the symptoms of enteritis, also the rapid decline
in the rapidity of the pulse, were very remarkable.
I considered that there was decided amelioration in the symptoms
before the case was visited by Dr. Kidd, but I thankfully consented
to his being asked to visit it, in consequence of my laboring under
great disadvantages in treating it, which his justly earned reputation
would, I knew, materially lessen. Not only were all the relatives of
the patient, except his wife, decidedly opposed to homœopathy, but
also the more influential members of the City Mission in the neigh-
borhood used all their influence with Mrs. A. to induce her to send
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
133
for their own medical man, urging not only the inefficiency of Homœo-
pathy as an argument, but also presenting, as an inducement, that she
would have to pay for my attendance, whilst the Society would pro-
vide her with an Allopathic Physician at their own expense.
It certainly appears inequitable that a purely religious society like
to London City Mission, which no doubt includes many Homoeopathists.
among its subscribers, should practically come to a decision and take
a side in a purely medical question, by providing allopathic attend-
ance alone for its Missionaries.
Case of Gastric Fever treated by Baptisia.
G. B, clerk, æt. 28, Greenwich. Lymphatic temperament.
December 6th, 1864.-Is clerk at an extensive iron foundry, and
thinks he has been made ill by having his meals only half cooked by a
contractor. His appearance in general is pale and sickly, and as if
possessing little vital power, but is not often ill.
Now-languor, nausea, furred tongue, large ulcer inside lip; ano-
rexia; pulse 65. Mercurius 1.
8th.-Nausea; debility; violent eructations, which come on about
every half hour. Nux Vomica 1; omit Mercurius 1.
9th.-Eructations less violent, but vomiting has supervened; vom-
ited matter tinged with bile. Bowels not moved for several days.
Ipecac. 1, omitting Nux Vomica. To have an enema of tepid water.
10th.-Constant nausea. Vomiting and eructations both somewhat
abated; increased debility; no tenderness on pressure in any part of
abdomen; bowels moved by the injection; pulse 70, small and soft.
Continue Ipecac.
12th.-Much the same as last report. To be allowed ice. Krea-
sote lx, 3tis horis.
13th.--Nausea, vomiting, and eructations less frequent; tongue
dry and baked; pulse 100, small, and compressible; little sleep, and
much vertigo in the night; finds the ice very grateful. Wife com-
plains that his temper is very irritable. Belladonna 1.
14th.-Little sleep; rapid pulse; no vomiting nor retching all
night. Received some annoying tidings early this morning and the
vomiting and retching immediately supervened, and have returned
repeatedly since. No abdominal tenderness nor hardness.
Evening. Still vomiting and retching, also diarrhoea; pulse 100,
feeble and small; tongue dry and baked. Arsenicum 2, every two
hours.
15th.-Frequent eructations, and bilious vomiting in the night,
also diarrhœa; tongue dry.
134
NEW REMEDIES.
Evening.- Bowels moved five times since morning-once involun-
tarily and unconsciously; vomiting continues. Delirious and incohe-
rent talking at times-remarking, for example, that "it was no use his
wife sitting up with him so long, as she could not keep those big fel-
lows from coming into the room." Pulse small and compressible;
tongue dry and covered with a thick brown crust. Arsenicum 1, every
two hours.
16th.-Slept better in the night; vomiting ceased. Diarrhoea
continues; some of the motions still passed involuntarily; tongue covered
with a thick brown crust. Took some beef-tea, which the stomach
retained; pulse 80; thready. Continue Arsenicum.
Evening. Diarrhoea continues; some vomiting pulse 100,
thready. Has taken a small quantity of wine and beef-tea.
17th.-Restlessness, with incoherency at times; pulse 100, small
and feeble. Continue Arsenicum.
18th. A perfectly sleepless night; pulse 100, and thready; much
retching; little vomiting; diarrhoea ceased. Baptisia tinctoria gt
secundis horis. Omit Arsenicum.
19th.-Feels better; has slept several hours during the day and
night. Has this morning taken several cupsful of diluted milk with
bread for the first time since he began to be ill. No retching, nausea
nor vomiting. Continue Baptisia.
Evening.-Continues to take the bread and milk, which causes
no unpleasant symptoms. Tongue still baked in centre, but over a
smaller surface than heretofore; pulse 95, small and full. Has slept
most of the day.
21st. No return of sickness. Lives on bread and milk. Cen-
tral dry crust on tongue, sides moist; pulse still 95. Continue
Baptisia.
23d. Further improvement. Pulse stronger, but increasing feel-
ing of debility; mucous membrane of mouth sore, so that it is painful
to eat. Continue Baptisia.
24th. Great languor and anorexia. Lives chiefly on bread and
milk. Continue Baptisia.
25th. Still dry crust on centre of tongue. Omit Baptisia.
Bryonia lx, gt every four hours.
26th.-Dry crust on tongue as before. Continue Bryonia.
29th.-Much better. Tongue clean and moist; appetite and
strength increasing. Sleeps well. Continue Bryonia bis die.
January 3d.-Debility only. China.
His convalescence from this time was rapid, and would have been
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
135
more so had he not delayed it for a few days by taking a supper of
toasted cheese, which brought on an attack of vomiting, .which was,
however, relieved in a day or two by Ipecac. and Nux Vomica.
The early symptoms in G. B-'s case illustrate the difficulty of
diagnosis in certain cases of fever, whilst in the premonitory stage.
I had an excellent opportunity of observing the invasion of the dis-
ease, being in attendance on the wife of my patient after her confine-
ment, at the time he was taken ill. My primary impression about the
case (and which I entered in my case book at the time)' was that the
symptoms were due to acute dyspepsia. This diagnosis was favored
by the patient's own impression of the cause of his illness, referred
to above, as well as by the pulse never rising above 70, nor being
remarkably deficient in power. The persistence of the vomiting in
spite of treatment would have led to the suspicion of malignant dis-
ease of the stomach, but for the previous good health of the patient,
and the rapid invasion of the symptoms.
After the continuance of the vomiting, etc., for nearly a week, had
set aside the hypothesis of merely functional derangement of the
digestive organs, I feared, until the occurrence of symptoms pathog-
nomonic of fever, that I had got a case of cerebral disease in the
early stage-which Abercromby and other writers have shown to be
frequently heralded by nausea and vomiting -no head symptoms (as
in this case) at first being present. Although, however, the vomiting
was not the precursor of cerebral disease, yet its relation to disor-
dered innervation rather than to primary gastric affection was indica-
ted by its renewal on the 14th of December by mental disquietude.
On the whole, on reviewing the circumstances, I do not see any-
thing in the symptoms of this case that would have led a more expert
or painstaking diagnostician than myself to have foretold, with cer-
tainty, the advent of fever. Viewing the case as a whole, it is now
clear that the symptoms were the result of blood-poisoning; the rapid
recovery was therefore the more remarkable. Even allowing this to
be due in part to the elimination of the materies morbi by the evacu-
ations, yet I fully believe that the amelioration of the symptoms stood
to the medicine not only in the relation of post but of propter.
"A swallow does not make a summer;" but it must be allowed to
be at least a remarkable coincidence, that there should in each of
these cases be an immediate improvement in the symptoms after the
exhibition of the Baptisia, and that in a week from the day on which
it was first given, and on which the crisis of the disease was not past
the patient might be justly pronounced out of danger. In the second
136
NEW REMEDIES
case, especially, there was considerable reason to believe that the dis-
ease was prevented from passing from the gastric into the typhoid
phase by the remedy in question. Some of the existing symptoms
also were at once ameliorated. There had been a succession of rest-
less nights, whicn had reached their climax on that previous to the
day on which the Baptisia was commenced, but it appeared at once
to set aside that morbid irritability of the nervous system which pre-
vented sleep-thus acting like a narcotic without its unpleasant con-
comitants.* Nor was there any renewal of the retching and vomit-
ing, with the exception referred to at the conclusion of the notes of
the case. The appetite for food, also, which had been absent from the
first, was at once excited. The pulse, which had been variable, but
generally rapid and always weak since the development of fever, rap-
idly diminished in frequency and increased in strength.
inclined to think, since studying the provings of Baptisia, that after
the 22d of December the soreness of the mouth and dryness of the
tongue, which remained after the cessation of the other symptoms,
were due to medicinal aggravation.
I
may
I am
make a similar observation in reference to this case as to
the former one. If I had then been acquainted with the provings of
Baptisia, and known that it had vomiting, eructations, and diarrhoea,
I should have given it two or three days sooner than I did.
I have treated several other cases of gastric fever with Baptisia
tinctoria, but the notes I have preserved of these are not full enough
for publicatien, although I have notes of some other cases of fever
which I think of publishing. If, however, my reference to the sub-
ject should induce Dr. Hughes to favor the readers of this journal
with some of the cases cured by the remedy in question, and to which
he has alluded in former numbers, I shall be much pleased that I
have published these cases, limited as I acknowledge my experience
in the use of this valuable remedy to have been. I feel, also, that I
have laid myself open to the strictures of my readers by my con-
fession of having prescribed a medicine before having an opportunity
of acquiring a knowledge of its provings. I was not, however, aware,
prior to the publication of the last number of this journal, that the
provings of Baptisia were to be found anywhere but in the North
American Journal of Homœopathy, to which I had not access. Still
I felt justified in prescribing this medicine, on Dr. Hughes' warm
recommendation, until I could obtain the provings. I had not gained
any striking results from other medicines in typhoid fever, and should
* This effect of Baptisia especially struck me on the first occasion of my using it.-R. H.
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
137
have supposed that it would have been generally admitted that our
resources in reference to it were not so ample as not to render other
remedies a desideratum. I am not aware, however, that Drs. Madden
and Hughes' commendation has led to Baptisia being tested by
British practitioners; and the only reference I have known made to
it on the part of our colleagues has been in a skeptical tone. This
reminds me of a remark recently made in reference to this very sub-
ject by a highly respected colleague, and endorsed by others who
were present, viz: that "it was very bad practice to prescribe for a
name." When, however, the "name" refers to a definite group of
symptoms, as is the case in gastric fever, I must beg to take excep-
tion to the dictum in question; and as there is a tendency in the
minds of some to take a one-sided view of this most important prac-
tical question, I shall take this opportunity of making a few remarks
on the subject.
Granted that a large proportion of the cases we have to treat,
especially those of a chronic character, cannot be accurately descri-
bed or distinguished by any nosological term; and both diagnosis and
prognosis being involved in greater or less obscurity, that symptoms
must be individualised and treated as they arise; yet it is certainly
not so with all diseases. Many acute diseases-most, if not all, of
the exanthemata-run a more or less definite course, and are charac-
terised by symptoms which, if not absolutely the same, have a greater
or less family likeness.
Now, are we practically denying or carrying out—are we traitors
or friends to Homoeopathy in using and seeking medicines which, in
their symptoms, have a resemblance to the disease not in one feature
only, but more or less in all? Are we wise to be content with reme-
dies which touch the disease at a single point, or are we not rather
to aim at as complete a parallelism as possible? To turn to a depart-
ment of natural history as an illustration. The great superiority of
the botanical system of Jussieu over that of Linnæus is allowed to be,
that it respects and represents natural affinities, whilst, in the artifi-
cial system of the latter, plants are often placed in juxtaposition which
Nature has most widely severed. Even so it should surely be our
aim in therapeutics that the disease and the medicine should be as
closely en rapport as possible; not only having one point of resem-
blance, but that there should be a similitude in the totality, or at
least the majority, of the symptoms. As, however, in natural his-
tory the natural and artificial systems may, in certain exceptional
cases, agree in expressing the relation between individuals which are
138
NEW REMEDIES.
naturally in close alliance, so in exceptional cases in therapeutics the
founding the choice of the medicine on one or two prominent symp-
toms may possibly guide to a right selection. But such cases, I
repeat, are the exception, and not the rule. Habitual success, especi
ally in the treatment of acute and well-defined diseases, can only be
secured by prescribing medicines which, in their semeiology, touch
the disease not by one or two only, but by many points. Thus there
may be established so clear a resemblance between the medicine and
the disease, that we have certain remedies that stand in known and
admitted relationship to certain typical forms of disease. Is, then,
the use of the one for the treatment of the other to be stigmatised as
prescribing for a name? By this process of generalization, or rather
of grouping, it was that the founder of Homoeopathy was enabled to
prescribe and recommend with confidence Belladonna for "smooth
scarlet fever," Aconite in purple rash, Spongia and Hepar in croup,
Drosera in hooping-cough, Mercurius corrosivus in dysentery, Thuja
in sycosis, &c.*
We may also expect that, as our knowledge increases on the one
hand, and the number of our medicines on the other, our treatment
will become increasingly simple and successful. For instance, it is
only during the last few years that the specific distinctions between
typhoid and typhus fever have been understood and recognized.
Now, the special applicability of Baptisia to the former disease ren-
ders it probable that it will not be found curative in the latter; even
as Hahnemann has shown that the peculiar adaptation of Belladonna
to true scarlet fever renders it unsuitable for the treatment of the
modification of the disease, which he describes as purple rash. If,
however, the distinction between these several diseases had not been
understood, the proved inefficiency of the medicine in the one might
have led also to its rejection in the other. In this way I think it
probable that the labors of the old school in pathology may materially
aid us, if we are not less diligent in the study of pathogenesy, and not
too soon satisfied with our success in the treatment of any well-marked
disease."
Mind.-Restless, uneasy, frightful dreams-gloomy and cast down
for several days."-(Burt.) "Troublesome dreams, mental excite-
ment bordering on delirium." Indisposition and want of power to
think; uuhappy; mind seems weak. (D.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms are similar to those
which precede a typhoid fever. I have often given the Baptisia
* Vide Dr. Dudgeon's translation of Hahnemann's "Lesser Writings." p. 779.
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
139
in these premonitory states, with the apparent effect of prevent-
ing the establishment of the fever.
Sleep.-"Slept two or three hours and waked with difficult
breathing, a kind of night-mare, dreams of laboring hard in the snow,
suffering with heat from the exertion and finally being smothered in
the snow; unusually sound sleep, dreams about fighting and disputa-
tion, always come off second-best."- (Douglas.) Drowsy, stupid,
tired feeling. Very restless after midnight. Restless night with
frightful dreams. Restless until 2 A. M., then sleep with frightful
dreams. (B.) Dreamed of being bound down with a chain across
the mouth.
CLINICAL OBSERVATONS.-The symptoms above noted bear a close
resemblance to those occurring in typhoid fevers. The restless nights,
with delirium, and frightful dreams, all point to its specific applica-
bility in many low fevers.
Head.-"Feeling as if the skin of the forehead would be drawn
to the back part of the head, great tightness of the skin of the fore-
head, with pain in the right eye, frequent pressive pain in the right
temple. Sharp pains in both temples, dull pressive pain in the fore-
head, feeling as if the forehead would be pressed in, dull, heavy,
pressive headache, very much aggravated by motion. Feeling as if
the head was too heavy, numb feeling of the head and face."—(Dr.
Burt's Proving.) Dullness of head. Vertigo. Confused feeling in
the head, swimming sensation, very like that one experiences before
the operation of an emetic." (Dr. Thompson's proving, N. A. J.,
Vol. V., page 547.) "Peculiar feeling of the head, which is never
felt except during the presence of fever, excitement of the brain,
such as precedes delirium. Dull feeling in the occiput with slight
pain and fullness, vessels of head full, head feels large Dizziness,
severe frontal headache, heat in forehead, soreness in front part of
head, soreness in the brain, worse when stooping. "Brain feels numb
with occasional stitches or shocks in various parts of the head, bruised
feeling in forehead. Vertigo. Sharp pain over right eye, then ove
the left, dull pain in both temples, growing more intense, dull stupid
feeling all over the head, with severe pain in the occiput. Head
feels heavy, as though I could not sit up, headache day and night,
causing a sensation of wildness, noise increases the headache."
(Provings by Prof. Douglass, and Beckwith, Messrs. Rowley,
Smith Hoyt, and Sapp, N. A. J., Vol. VII, pages 228 and 234.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The head-symptoms of Baptisia resem-
ble those caused by Bryonia, Gelseminum, Ārnica and Muriatic acid.
It is indicated in the headache which precedes and accompanies
140
NEW REMEDIES.
typhoid fevers; and is useful in some bilious, nervous and rheumatic
cephalalgias. I have often given it in the febrile paroxysm of an
intermittent, when the headache was similar to that caused by Bap-
tisia. In such cases it not only relieved the head, but often hastened
the critical perspiration and shortened the hot stage. My former pupil,
Dr. Rogers, of Coldwater, Mich., thinks very highly of it in similar
instances. He prescribes it at the commencement of the cold stage,
and continues through all the stages, and claims that it modifies the
paroxysm, but has no anti-periodic power, in preventing further
attacks. He claims also to have used it with benefit in his own case
during an attack of "cerebro-spinal fever," which was epidemic in
his locality. The Baptisia has many symptoms which resemble very
much those which are said to occur in the so-called "spotted fever."
We would suggest to our colleagues a careful comparison of the
symptoms of this dreaded malady, with the proving of Baptisia. It
may be found to be a valuable remedy in the treatment of that fatal
epidemic.
Eyes. Feeling as if the eyes would be pressed into the head,
with great confusion of sight; cannot place anything till after looking
at it a few seconds; everything seems to be moving. Vertigo attended
with sensation of paralysis of the lids, eyes smart and ache severely."
(B) "Bloated feeling of the eyes; eyes unusually glistening; dis-
position to have the eyes half closed; soreness in front part of head
upon moving the eyes or turning them upward; soreness of eyeballs,
eyes feel swolen, with burning and slight lachrymation; congestion
of the vessels of the eye, they look red and inflamed."-(Douglas,
et. al.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Many of the eye-symptoms of this medi-
cine are similar to those caused by Gelseminum and resemble those
sensations which in the eyes are premonitory to typhus. It is evi-
dently homoeopathic to some varieties of ophthalmia. King and
others recommend it internally, and as a wash," in scrofulous and
purulent ophthalmia.
Nose." Thick mucus discharge from the nose.' (T) "Severe
drawing pains along the nose." (B) "Catarrh, dull pain at the root
of the nose." (D.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Internally it may be found useful in
some forms of catarrh and ozæna, as a topical application. I know
the infusion, or dilute tincture to be serviceable in obstinate fœtid
discharges from the nasal passages.
Face.-Burning heat of face, face flushed and hot; external ves-
sels of face distended and full, flashes of heat over the face, which
feels flushed and very hot, cheeks burn." (D)
Ears.-Deafness, or dullness of hearing. Roaring in the ears,
with confusion of the mind.
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
141
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dullness of hearing is a common symp-
tom of debility, particularly the debility of typhoid states. Baptisia
is indicated when deafness occurs during a low fever. It is useful as
an injection in fœtid, corrosive otorrhoea.
Mouth, Tongue, etc.-" Profase flow of saliva; well developed
ulcers in the mouth; long, continued flow of saliva. Tongue feels as
though it had been scraped." (T) "Tongue coated yellow along the
centre; flat bitter taste in the mouth." (B) Tongue feels dry on rub-
bing it against the roof of the mouth, smarted and felt sore as if
burned, slight, dry burnt feeling of the tongue. Saliva abundant,
somewhat viscid and flat tasting, appetite somewhat impaired, food
does not taste quite natural. Filthy taste with flow of saliva, loss of
appetite, slight yellow coat on the tongue; two days afterward,
tongue coated whitish and slightly congested. Tongue coated, at
first white with reddish papilla here and there, followed by a yellow-
ish brown coating in the, centre, the edges being red and shining;
tongue feels thick and swollen, numb pricking sensation of the tongue,
bad taste in the mouth. Teeth and gums feel sore. Oozing of blood
from the gums.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms of the buccal
cavity, afford excellent proof of the truth of " Similia" as a law of
cure. They show that the Baptisia will cause conditions of the
mucous membrane of the mouth, etc., similar to those for which it is
so much used in eclectic practice. An exhaustive proving would
undoubtedly develop symptoms of a more aggravated character, as
putrid ulcerations, etc. King speaks highly of Baptisia as a wash
to malignant, ulcerous sore mouth; mercurial sore mouth, and many
other pathological conditions of the buccal cavity. It causes saliva-
tion and ulceration; I have used it for many years in chronic mercu-
rial sore mouth, when the gums were loose, flabby, dark red or purple,
and the breath was intolerably fœtid Next to chlorate of potash, it
is the best remedy we have to remove and palliate that disagreeable
condition. It is indicated in stomatitis materna; cancrum oris;
and nearly all diseases of the mouth and tongue, characterized by
ulceration, putrescency, etc. But in all these diseases, it should be
used topically as well as internally. Like chlorate of potash, the
mineral acids, hydrastis, etc., the cure is materially hastened by the
local application of the diluted tincture, or watery infusion. I usually
prescribe it as follows: Tincture Baptisia one drm., cool water four
Oz. This may be used as a wash, gargle, or local application in any
form, when it is indicated. At the same time the tincture or the
dilutions may be given internally, at suitable intervals. In typhus
conditions we find many of the above pathogenetic symptoms, in
nearly every case. They afford special indications for the selection
of this medicine.
In acute Stomatitis, the Baptisia has been found promptly cura-
142
NEW REMEDIES.
tive. Dr. A. Walker of Pontiac, Michigan, reports several cases,
occurring in children at a time when Diphtheria was prevalent. The
patients were feverish, the mouth hot, red, and on the mucous mem-
brane of the buccal cavity were numerous "canker spots," superficial
ulcerations, surrounded by a red areolæ. The breath was fœtid, and
there was present in every case profuse salivation. When possible,
it was applied locally to the surface, (20 drops of the tincture to half
a cup of water,) and the medicine given in the first dilution every
four hours. Every case recovered, while other children in the same
neighborhood, attacked in the same manner, died of diphtheria. This
would seem to show that the Baptisia was a valuable remedy inthe
first stages of that disease, when the attack commences as above.
•
Dr. A. M. Cushing, of Lynn, Mass., writes of its use in diph-
theria: Miss D., aged fifteen, tall, slim, pale, has never menstru-
ated. Has hot skin, quick pulse, pain in head, breath very offensive.
Diphtheritic patches on fauces and both tonsils, uvula red and swollen.
Gave Baptisia, third, a few globules (No. 4,) in half-glass of water,
one teaspoonful every hour. 2d day, about the same, breath still very
offensive. Continue Baptisia. 3d day, better; 4th day, better; 5th
day, better; 7th day, dismissed. Had no remedy but Baptisia, its
great indication being the offensive breath, as well as the fever."
Dr. J. G. Wilkinson of London, England, uses the Baptisia in
Small Pox when the pustules appear thickly upon the palatine arch,
the tonsils, uvula, and there is present prostration and a putrid odor
from the mouth.
During the summer of 1865, in this city (Chicago) there appeared
a kind of epedemic of "sore mouth." The patient would be attacked
with chillness, followed by fever; the tongue would assume a red
hue on the edges or all over; the gums look red and swollen, and the
whole buecol cavity inflamed. The breath would become fœtid and
there would ensue profuse salivation. Superficial ulcers always
appeared on the tongue and inside of the lips and cheeks, rarely on
the fauces or gums. Baptisia, first dilution, internally, together with
the local application of a wash, was more successful than Mercurius
The disease lasted from five to seven days.
Throat. Soreness of the throat with scraping and burning.
Raw sensation in the pharynx with a large amount of viscid mucus.
Constrictive feeling in the throat, causing frequent efforts at deglu-
tition. Pricking sensation in the upper part of pharynx. Slight
angina, throat feels swollen or full; tonsils and soft palate injected,
with pain in the root of the tongue when swallowing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The action of Baptisia upon the throat
is quite marked. It irritates the tonsils, uvula, and follicular glands.
It is homœopathic, and has been found curative in ulcerated sore
throat, suppurating tonsils, catarrhal angina, etc. If the angina
tends to assume a putrid character, the ulcers dark, and breath fœtid,
the Baptisia is particularly indicated. Many of my colleagues as
well as myself value it very highly in the treatment of diphtheria
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
143
as an auxiliary to Merc. iod, Kali bichrom, or Kali brom. It is indi-
cated when putrescent symptoms appear, when the nervous system
becomes depressed, and there is much prostration. The premonitory
symptoms of diphtheria, bear a strong resemblance to many of the
symptoms of Baptisia.
Stomach." Good deal of distress in the stomach, severe pains
every few moments in the cardiac region of the stomach; disposition
to vomit but no nausea. Dull pain in the epigastric region, frequently
recurring and aggravated by turning over, constant pain in the epi-
gastric and hypochondriac regions, aggravated by walking; burning
distress in the epigastrium." (B.) "Frequent eructations of flatus;
nausea." (T.) "Gone," empty feeling of the stomach. Slight nausea,
followed by vomiting; pain in the stomach; pains and cramp in the
stomach; feeling as if there was a hard substance in it. Stitching
pain in cardiac extremity of stomach. Slight nausea with want of
appetite and constant desire for water." (Douglas et al.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Typhoid and bilious fevers are ush-
ered in by symptoms which resemble those above given. Baptisia
seems to act specifically on the gastric mucous membrane. It is
highly probable, that it causes the same lesions in that tissue, which
it causes in the mouth and fauces, namely, inflammation and ulceration.
Dr. Coe, says he found it very serviceable in certain forms of dys-
pepsia, particularly those cases accompanied with irritability of the
stomach, acid eructations, griping pains and looseness of the bowels,
with frequent, small, and offensive stools.
hypochondriac region;
Severe colicky pains in
Abdomen." Constant pain in the 'right
sharp shooting pains all through the bowels.
the umbilical and especially in the hypochondriac regions; the pain
comes on every few seconds, with rumbling in the bowels and desire
for stool. Constant dull pain in the umbilical region; shooting pain
in the umbilical region." (Burt), "Pain in the abdomen on pressure;
dull heavy aching pain in the lumbar region on going to bed at night.
Loud borborygmus, with diarrhoea, fullness of the abdomen, flatu-
lence. Pain in the hypogastrium, soreness of the abdominal muscles
as if from cold or coughing severely." (Douglas et. al.) Distension of
abdomen, feeling as though it would be a relief to vomit, rumbling
in the intestines." (T.) (In a cat, poisoned with Baptisia, Dr. Burt
found the small and large intestines congested and filled with bloody
mucus.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is highly probable that the Baptisia
causes similar intestinal lesions to those observed in typhoid fever.
It is a drastic cathartic, and is homoeopathic to profuse, dark, foetid
diarrhoeas, sub-acute enteritis, colic, and other bowel affections.
!
144
NEW REMEDIES.
Liver, &c.,-Pain in the right hypocondriac region, aggravated
by walking; constant dull pain in the region of the gall-bladder;
pain extends to the spine. Soreness in the region of liver, pain in
the liver.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-King says it arouses the liver to a nor-
mal action. Coe declares that in hepatic derangements it will be
found a valuable auxiliary to other remedies. Dr. Burt found the
liver congested in a cat poisoned with Baptisia. Its pathogenetic
symptoms show that it is homoeopathic to some disorders of the liver,
the exact nature of which, further provings, and clinical experience
can only decide.
Stools and Rectum.-Rumbling in the bowels and desire for
stool; soft, papescent stool, with a good deal of mucus, soft mushy stools,
with rumbling in the bowels, "constipation, severe constipation, with
hemorrhoids, diarrhea two days before, bowels loose, which is uncom-
mon with the prover. Bowels costive for two days. Vomiting and
diarrhoea, with dark stools. Bowels constipated during the whole
proving." (Douglas, et. al.) [A cat poisoned with Baptisia had
bloody mucus stools. The intestines were found congested and filled
with bloody mucus.] In large doses Baptisia is a drastic cathartic;
and in smaller doses a laxative. The stools are generally dark, offen-
sive, mucus and even bloody. In quite small doses it rather consti-
pates. [This, however, is an effect of all cathartics when given in
small quantities.]
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Baptisia then, is primarily homœo-
pathic to diarrhoea, dysentery and acute mucous enteritis; seconda-
rily, to constipation, with indigestion, torpor of liver and hæmor-
rhoids.. Coe says, "in the treatment of ulcerative inflammation of
the bowels and stomach, and chronic diarrhoea, and dysentery, it use
should never be omitted; also that it is useful in acrid fæcal dis-
charges,' and 'frequent, small and offensive stools."" Thus it is that
both allopathic and eclectic schools of medicine, use remedies suc-
cessfully for the very symptoms they cause, thereby unwittingly
treating their patients homoeopathically. It is indicated particularly
in adynamic diarrhoea and dysentery, with the general condition of
the system usually present. But it has been found useful in those
affections even when sthenic in character. In its action on the bowels
it resembles Leptandria, Arsenicum, Nitric Acid and Rhus-tox. Dr.
Burt, one of the provers of Baptisia, thinks highly of it in dysentery.
He reports the following case: A pregnant woman was attacked
with dysentery. It brought on labor, after which the dysentery
grew worse. A council was to be held at noon, but on the morning
of the same day Baptisia, (4 drops of the tincture every hour,) was
given; at noon she was much better, and her convalescence was rapid.
Her symptoms were violent colic-like pains before every stool, and
great tenesmus. Stools every five or ten minutes. They were pure
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
145
blood with a very little mucus, pulse 80, soft and full. Aconite, Bry.,
Colocynth, Merc., Veratrum alb., were given for four days without any
benefit, while the Baptisia cured her perfectly in four hours." In
ten cases of dysentery I have never seen medicine act better. They
all had violent colicky pains in the hypogastric region before a stool;
the stools were mucus and blood, great tenesmus, which was relieved
by the Baptisia in two or three hours better than by any remedy I
have ever used; the cases were not generally attended by much
fever.
Dr. L. Walker, of Michigan, has found this remedy successful in
dysentery, when the evacuations were mucus, bloody, with some
fever, brown coat on the tongue, tormina and tenesmus.
A homœopathic physician writes: * "This remedy has proven
itself, in my experience, admirably efficient in the form of dysentery
of which many cases occur in the fall, in this vicinity."
"In a case in which Merc. cor. seemed indicated he gave it without
effect. The pain was severe, discharges consisting of blood and
mucus. Slight fever. The Baptisia was prescribed, its action was
very prompt, and the patient was soon relieved. Another case occur-
ring in the same family, a few days after, was relieved by the same
remedy with equal promptness. At his suggestion it was employed
by other physicians with like results."
Dr. J.C. Peterson writes: "Baptisia has been my sheet anchor in
dysentery, this season (1865). I use it in the 4th tincture, and it
has always acted promptly."
Urinary Organs.-Urine high-colored, not very copious, but of
dark red color. A sort of burning when urinating. (Dr. Douglas
and others). Shooting pains in the region of the left kidney. The
urine increased in quantity during the proving, and continued acid
throughout.
Female Genital Organs.-Increased menses. Menses too soon
and too profuse. Abortion.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. This medicine has not been proven
upon the female organism. But it has been known to cause the above
symptoms. Its real action upon the uterus, ovaries, etc., has yet to
be accurately determined.
Dr. Coe says: “Baptisia is possessed of more energetic emmena-
gogue properties than the plant has generally been accredited with.
We have employed it with gratifying success in the treatment of dys-
menorrhoea and defective menstruation. Also in cases of vicarious
menstruation, in combination with Podophyllin, with signal success. In
the treatment of vicarious menstruation, particularly those cases accom-
panied with periodical diarrhoea, we have found the following combina-
tion entirely successful when administered during the inter-menstrual
period; Baptisia grs. xx, Podophyllin grs. x, Caulophyllin grs. xx,
Mix and divide into ten powders. Give one every night or every
other night, according to the condition of the bowels."
* American Homœopathist, Oct. No., 1865.
10
146
NEW REMEDIES.
One of the most ridiculous things in the old school practice, is the
custom of prescribing a farrago of drugs, like the above, and then
giving to one of them the credit of curing the malady. Who knows
which drug was the curative agent? If Baptisia is a specific for
vicarious menstruation, its administration alone will prove its virtues.
Coe adds that it "should not be used during the period of utero-ges-
tation, as it is capable of producing abortion, for which purpose we
have known it to be used by quacks and empirics. The danger to
the general health is very great, when used in sufficient quantities to
produce this result." It follows, then, that Baptisia is homœopathic
to abortion when occurring as a consequence of debility, physical or
mental depression, nervous prostration, etc., as in typhoid fevers, and
other adynamic conditions. It is a useful application, in the form of
injection, in cases of virulent leucorrhoea, ulceration of the os uteri
and vagina, with acrid fœtid discharges; also in unhealthy lochial
discharges, and those peculiar putrid discharges which occur after an
abortion, and depend upon the presence of shreds of membrane, or
pieces of the placenta, remaining in the cavity of the uterus. In
these cases the Baptisia, injected in the form of infusion or dilute
tincture, will remove the fœtor and prevent mischief from the acridity
of the discharges. The chlorate of potash, or still better the perman-
ganate of potash, will prove more effectual in grave cases. As there
is usually present, in all these cases, a general debility of the system,
and a sort of crasis of the blood, the Baptisia should be given inter-
nally, in the lower dilutions, in conjunction with a nourishing diet,
wine, ete.
Larynx, Trachea, etc.-Hoarseness to such an extent as to
require the utmost effort to be undersood. Tickling in the throat,
constantly provoking a cough. Great hoarseness. Complete aphonia.
Chest.-Difficult breathing, increased compass and frequency of
the pulsations of the heart, pulsations seem to fill the chest. Diffi-
culty of breathing; the lungs feel tight and compressed; cannot get
a full breath. Tightness of the chest, feeling of want of power in
the respiratory apparatus, such as is felt during fever (Douglas).
Constriction and oppression of the chest, (Burt). Oppressed respi-
ration, sharp pains in the chest when taking a long breath, throbbing
in the heart so as to be distinctly heard. Awoke with great difficulty
of breathing, the lungs felt tight and compressed; could not get a full
breath, felt obliged to open the window, to get my face to the fresh
air.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It may prove curative in some varieties
of asthma, also typhoid pneumonia. I am inclined to the opinion,
however, that many of the symptoms of oppression are due to nervous
depression, and resemble the anxious oppression which occurs during
the low stages of fevers.
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA·
147
Back.-Dull heavy pain in the lumbar region, very much aggra-
vated by walking; back and hips are very stiff and ache severely;
chills up and down the back as if ague were coming on; dull heavy
aching in the lumbar region, on going to bed at night, flashes of heat
from the small of the back in all directions. (Douglas et al.).
Upper Extremities.-Stiffness of the joints, as if strained, twitch-
ing in the left deltoid, also in latissimus dorsi of left side. Soreness
of the muscles of the neck, muscular debility, feeling of weariness,
especially in the right arm and shoulder, hands feel too large, and are
tremulous, with a peculiar thrilling sensation, somewhat like going to
sleep or a want of circulation, (B.) Drawing pains in arms. (B.)
Lower Extremities-Dull drawing pains in the right groin and
testicle. Drawing pains in the legs, especially in the knee joints.
Severe drawing pains in the calves of the legs; legs are very weak
and tremble." (B.) Burning heat of the feet, with feeling of pul-
sation; sacral region and hips exceedingly painful; feet become painful
from resting on the floor; dull pain in the sacrum, compounded of a
feeling as from pressure and fatigue from long stooping, soon extend-
ing round the hips and down the right leg; weariness of the lower
limbs, especially the right. Aching in limbs, heat and burning in
the lower extremities so intense as to prevent sleep most of the night.
Soreness in the anterior part of the thighs, worse after sitting awhile;
darting pain in the left knee and malleolus of left side. Extremities
feel hot, except the feet, which are cold."—(Douglas) Sensation of
weakness in lower limbs, with weak knees. Cramp in the calves
when walking.
DR. BURT'S PROVING OF BAPTISIA. *
Oct. 12th. Am in good health. Took ten drops at 10 a. M. At
12 M. feeling of tightness across the forehead, with pain over the right
eye. At 3 P. M. severe pain every few minutes in the cardiac portion
of the stomach. Took fifteen drops, 4 P. M. Skin of the forehead is
feeling as if it was drawn very tightly over the forehead, with sharp
pain over the right eye; quite a number of times there has been
sharp shooting pains all through the bowels. Took 20 drops, 8 p. m.
Frequent pain over the right eye of a pressive character. There has
been constant pain in the region of the gall bladder, very severe when
walking. Dull pain in the epigastric region. Dull drawing pain in
the right groin, legs ache. Took 25 drops.
Oct. 13th. Slept well until midnight, then could not sleep any
more. Frequent pain in the epigastric region, very much worse by
* This proving was made with the mother tincture and crude bark.
148
NEW REMEDIES.
turning over, which I had to do all the time; dreamed of being bound
down with a chain across the mouth; drawing pains in the arms and
legs. Slight rumbling in the bowels. Tongue coated yellow along
the centre. 7 A. M. Took 30 drops, 10 A. M. Dull pressive pain in
the forehead. Sharp pains in both temples; dull pain in the right
hypochondriac region. Slight rumbling in the bowels, with a mushy
stool. Dull pain in the small of the back; drawing pains in the legs.
Took 35 drops, 2 P. M. There has been constant pain in the epigastric
and right hypochondriac regions, very severe when walking, the pain
is of a drawing character. Took 40 drops, 9 P. M. Have suffered
constantly and severely all day, with pain in the liver and stomach.
The pain causes a numb feeling to pass all over my body. Dull pain
in the forehead. Drawing pain in the calves of the legs. Urinated
40 oz., acid.
Oct. 14th. Had a very restless night, with frightful dreams. Good
deal of dull pain in the liver, stomach and umbilical region. Tongue
coated yellow. 9 P. M. Have had constant pain in the umbilical
region with slight rumbling of the bowels all day. Soft stool. Urin-
ated 26 oz., acid.
Oct. 15th. Had restless night, with frightful dreams. 9 A. M.
Feeling quite well. Took 40 drops. 2 P. M. Have had constant pain
in the stomach and right hypochondriac region. Took 50 drops.
5 P. M. Skin of the forehead feeling very much contracted. Slight
pain all day in the stomach and right hypochondriac region; the pain
in the right side is very severe when walking. Severe drawing pains
in the right groin and testicle, and right foot. Took 60 drops, 9 P. M.
There has been constant pain in the stomach and right hypochondriac
region. The pain was of a dull, aching character, and extended to
the spine; very much worse by motion. Took 60 drops, slept until
2 a. M., then could not sleep any more. Took 40 drops at 4 A. M.
Had a good deal of pain in the epigastric region all night. Urinated
28 oz., acid.
Oct. 16th. Feeling quite well. Injected 10 drops under the
skin of the left arm over the biceps. I first held chloroform on my
arm for five minutes, it was more painful than the making of the incis-
ion through the skin; ten minutes after, the skin of the forehead felt
as if it would be pulled to the back part of my head, with a numb
feeling of the forehead and face; in fifteen minutes, feeling as if I
would vomit, but no nausea, with severe shooting pain in the left kid-
ney and left side of the umbilicus. Thirty minutes, feeling as if the
forehead would be pressed in. Slight pain in the stomach and right
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA.
149
hypochondriac region and umbilical; frequent gulping up of air. At
10 A. M., slight pressive headache and dull pain in the loins. The part
where the incision was made became so numb that I could cut the skin
without the least feeling of pain. I can assure my readers that the
most painful part is holding the chloroform bottle on the arm. Took
100 drops, 2 P. M. Dull heavy pressive headache; by spells sharp
pains in the temples; heavy aching pain in the stomach and liver,
with a very hot sensation in the same parts Soft stools. Took 120
drops 9 P. M. Feeling very weak and trembling a good deal. Pressive
pain in the forehead, constant dull aching pain in the stomach and liver.
The pain in the liver extends from the right lateral ligament to the
gall-bladder-it is almost impossible to walk, it makes the pain so
severe in the region of the gall-bladder. Severe drawing pains in the
calves of both legs. Took 106 drops. Urinated 42 oz., acid.
Oct. 17th. Slept well until 2 A. M., then very restless until
morning; frightful dreams. Dull heavy headache in the forehead,
constant dull aching pain in the umbilical region. aggravated by a
full inspiration. Dull aching pain in the lumbar region very severe
when walking. Tongue coated yellow along the centre. Flat taste
in the mouth, 9 a. M. Took 150 drops, 12 м.
Head feeling very
heavy, sharp pains by spells in the right and left temples, constant
dull pain in the region of the gall-bladder, very severe when walking.
Took 200 drops, 3 P. M.
Skin of the forehead feeling very tight, with
sharp pain in the temples. Constant pain in the stomach and liver,
quite sharp at times. Fearing that all the medical properties of the
drug were not in the tincture I was using, I concluded to take the
green bark of the root and chew it. Took 30 grs. Had a natural
stool, 9 P. M., constant burning distress in the epigastrium, with
severe colicky pains in the umbilical and especially in the hypogastric
region, every few seconds, with rumbling in the bowels and desire to
vomit, but no nausea; soft stool; drawing pains in the right hip and
calves of both legs. Urinated 31 oz., acid.
DR. BURT'S PROVING WITH BAPTISIN.
Oct. 18.-Slept until 3 A. M., could not sleep any more, but had
to toss about constantly. Had a dull hard headache, very much worse
by moving. Sharp pains in the temples very often. Constant aching
pains in the umbilical region. Took 40 grs. at 4 A. M. Tongue coated
yellow, flat bitter taste in the mouth. Tonsils congested. Drawing
pains in the legs. 11 A. M. There has been great distress in the
stomach and bowels all the forenoon, with desire to vomit. Soft
mushy stool. Took 55 grs 1. P. M. Eyes feeling as if they were
150
NEW REMEDIES.
being pressed into my head, with great confusion of sight; cannot
place anything until I look at it a few seconds; everything appears
to be moving; partial paralysis of the eyelids; it is very difficult to keep
them open; fauces and tonsils very much congested, Great distress
in the epigastric and umbilical region, with great rumbling. Cramp
in the calves of the legs whenever I move them; am very weak and
faint. 8 P. M. Have had frequent pains in the right temple. Eyes
smart and ache severely. Tonsils very much congested, with frequent
inclination to swallow, which produces pain in the root of the tongue.
Constant aching distress in the stomach and umbilical region, with
great deal of pain in the region of the gall-bladder Rumbling with
desire for stool. Stool papescent, with a large quantity of mucus,
but no real pain. Am very faint and weak, legs tremble and ache.
Urinated 33 oz., acid.
Oct. 19.-Had a very restless night. Frequent pain in the right
temple; dull heavy headache. Tongue coated yellow, with flat bitter
taste. Tonsils and soft palate very much congested. Dull aching
distress in the bowels. Back and hips are very stiff and ache severely;
drawing pains in the left. 4 P. M.-Tonsils and soft palate look very
red, but are not painful; good deal of distress in the umbilical region
all day. Back aches severely, aggravated by walking. Frequent
drawing pains in the calves of the leg. Urine is of a whitish color;
does not change blue litmus, and has no effect on red paper.
Oct. 20.-Slept well. Tongue coated yellow. Teeth and gums
have been very sore for two days; by pressing on them with my finger
large quantities of blood ooze from the gums. Tonsils and soft palate
congested. Slight back-ache. Had a natural stool this morning, but
none yesterday. Felt very gloomy for several days. Bowels moved
regularly once a day-perfectly natural.
Oct. 28th.-Feeling well. Took 4 grs. at 10 A. M. Had a severe
pain in the region of the gall-bladder, lasted one hour; constant slight
pain in the umbilical region; natural stool. Took six grs. All the
evening had a dull frontal headache, with smarting of the eyes and a
drawing pain down the nose. Constant dull pain in the umbilical and
hypogastric region; by spells the pain in the hypogastric region was
very sharp.
Oct. 29.-Slept well. Feeling quite well. 10 A. M.-Took 10 grs.
3 P. M.- there has been constant dull pain in the umbilical region. At
times drawing pain in the right wrist and left ankle Took 14 grs.
Constant dull frontal headache, and dull pain in the bowels all the
evening.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
151
Awoke with severe cutting
rumbling of the bowels, very
Oct. 30th.-Slept well until 1 a. m
pains in hypogastric region, with loud
restless after; had frightful dreams. Tongue coated yellow along
the centre; flat, bitter taste. Soft papescent stools. The inguinal
glands of the left groin are very much swollen, one of them as large
as a common-sized hickory nut. Is this an effect of the medicine,
or the effect of a cold' I have no symptoms of a cold. They are
very painful when walking. 10 A. M.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
(Night-Blooming Cereus.)
ANALOGUES.-Aconite, Agaricus, Belladonna, Crotalus, Gelsemi-
num, Kalmia, Lachesis, Spigelia, Stramonium, Veratrum viride.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Stems cylindrical, rooting and very
long, provided with five or six slightly prominent ribs, and furnished
with small spines or thorns, disposed in radicated forms. Flower
very large, with many narrow yellow sepals, and broader white petals,
opening at night and shrivelling before morning, having an extremely
sweet odor of benzoic acid and vanilla. Fruit shaped like an egg,
covered with scaly tubercles, fleshy, of an orange or fine reddish
color, filled with very small seeds of an acid taste.
This species of Cactus is indigenous to Mexico and the West
India Islands. It is only found in temperate latitudes in conservato-
ries. Dr. Rubini says it blooms in Naples in the month of July,
where it thrives well in the open air. The same author says the
tincture should be made from the flowers and the youngest and most
tender stems, gathered in the month of July. They should be cut
into the minutest pieces, put into "rectified spirits of wine; one
part of the plant to ten of alcohol, and remain one month in macera-
tion, shaking the bottle frequently in the meantime." It is doubted
by some physicians if a tincture made from the plant as found in con-
servatories will have the same medicinal powers as when prepared
from the plant growing in its natural habitat. It is probable that a
trituration made from the stems would be equally as good a preparation
as the tincture.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tinctures, dilutions, triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-According to Dr. Lippe, the American trans-
lator, its uses have previously been limited; "The Allopathic school
has applied the milky juice, which is acrid, but without smell, for
the same purposes as the leaves of the Cactus opuntia, Linn., as
poultices for gouty and other painful conditions, for inflammation of
152
NEW REMEDIES.
*
internal organs, also for corns. Paulle, Cleghorn,† Papen at Pyr-
mont,‡ Wilh. Heinr. Brennecke.§ It is stated that the Cactus grand-
iflorus causes on the skin excoriations and pustules. It has been
administered in doses from two to ten grains, as an anthelmintic. If
the juice be dried, then burned, the fumes will cause sneezing, cough-
ing, inflammation of the nostrils, and even hæmoptysis. It is also
reported to have cured dropsies."
The Cactus grandiflorus was first proven and used in Homœo-
pathic practice by Dr Rocco Rubini, Medical Director of the
Homœopathic Hospital of S. Maria della Cesarea, near Naples. He
published a pamphlet which contained its pathogenesis, and clinical
observations relating to its uses in disease. The pathogensis, how-
ever, was only a resume of the provings, with the symptoms arranged
according to Hahnemann's plan. It is much to be regretted that
Rubini did not publish the daily record of the provings. Such an
omission was certainly a fault, and one very detrimental to a thorough
knowledge of the action of the medicine. We judge from the follow-
ing extract that it was proven only on two persons: This small
pathogenesis, which I place before the public, is but an embryo of
the effect produced by this vegetable on the healthy subject. My
wife and I, on perceiving how powerfully it acted on the heart and
circulating system, causing the shedding of tears and feelings of ter-
ror, had not the courage to go further in experiments which might
endanger our lives. I hope that others, with more fortitude and less
timidity, will be able to complete and correct whatever symptom I
may not have accurately described."
In the name of the Homœopathicians of this country, we would
earnestly request Dr. Rubini to publish in full the details of his path-
ogenetic experiments. Dr. Rubini's pamphlet was first translated by
Dr. Dudgeon of England, and published in the twenty-second volume
of the British Journal of Homoeopathy (1854,) with a clinical note by
Dr. J. R. Russell.
Dr. A. Lippe, Professor of Materia Medica in the Homœopathic
College of Pennsylvania, not being satisfied with the former transla-
tion, published another and perhaps more literal one, which was pub-
lished in pamphlet form in 1865. This pathogenesis appeared also
in many of the periodicals of our school. Since which time some
clinical experience has been published relating to its uses; all of
which is here collected and arranged after the general plan of this
work.
It must strike my colleagues in the profession as very strange
that a plant so common and familiar to all persons, and one that by
its appearance would be likely to attract the attention of physicians,
should have lain so long neglected did it really contain within it such
wonderful powers as a poison and a curative agent. I cannot find on
record any mention of its poisonous qualities. It would seem that if
* Journ. de Med., 177, LI., 9,321.
+ Diseases of Minorca, pp. 263, 279,
+ Hannov. 'Magaz., 1790, p. 1433.
Hufel. Journ., 1807, XXVI., 4, 136.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
153
this species was as powerful and dangerous as tais pathogenesis seems
to imply, some naturalist, accustomed as they are to close observation,
would have recorded some fact relating to its deleterious influence.
I will not conceal my conviction that the extraordinary claims set
forth for the powers and uses of this plant will not be substantiated
by careful and scientific observation and experience. In relation to
this matter, Dr. Rubini, in his introduction to the pathogenesis, does
not seem to have any doubts of its wonderful medicinal power. Dr.
Russell remarks in the note appended to Dudgeon's translation, that,
"So small a number of the multitude of medicines fulfil the expec-
tations raised by the terms employed by those who introduce them to
our notice, that busy practitioners may well be pardoned if they
inquire somewhat suspiciously for the credentials of any new candi-
date for their attention; and as the name of Dr. Rubini may probably
not be familiar to most of the readers of this journal, some account
of the way in which this proving of Cactus came over to us, may
satisfy the legitimate curiosity of our colleagues, and perhaps induce
them to receive the new comer with more cordiality than if he pre-
sented himself as a stranger without any introduction."
(The case in which Dr. Russell used it, and which was the means
of bringing the medicine to his notice, will be found under "Heart.")
Dr. Lippe is quite as enthusiastic in his estimation of the virtues
of the Cactus as Dr. Rubini himself.
[In order to avoid repetition, I shall designate Dr. Rubini's obser-
vations by his initials, thus, (R) and all other authorities by their
full name.]
DR. RUBINI'S RESUME.
Generalities.-General weakness, with sadness and bad humor.
General weakness, so that he does not venture to speak. Such great
weakness that he does not venture to do anything, not even to walk
through the room. Great weakness for many successive days; he does
not venture to walk at all. Great corporeal depression; he does not
trust himself to stand on his feet. Great prostration of strength, so
that he must remain in bed, not feeling able to use his legs. General
malaise, and such weakness as to be unable to rise from his seat.
Depression and languor during the whole day.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-These general symptoms would seem
to indicate that its primary effect was that of profound depression.
But as we cannot consult the details of the provings of the Cactus
malady, the priority or sequence of its symptoms are unknown to us.
Dr. Rubini speaks of its general action thus: "The characteris-
tics of this Cactus consist in the development of its action "specific-
ally on the heart and its blood-vessels, dissipating their congestions
and suppressing their irritations," without weakening the nervous
system like Aconite. Hence it is preferable to the latter in all cases
E
154
NEW REMEDIES.
of inflammation, particularly in all cases of lymphatic and nervous
temperaments.'
It is difficult to understand how a medicine can have this effect.
He speaks of its great value in nervous affections of the heart.
How can a remedy be homoeopathic to such affections without being
capable of causing them?
Dr. Lippe, in a note to his translation, says, in comparing the
symptoms of this drug with those of others: "The constrictions in
so many parts of the body are similar to those of Belladonna, Stram-
onium and Alumina."
The direction (from one side to the other) in which the symptoms
develope themselves, is only found under the skin symptoms, and
under them they appear on the upper extremities, first on the right,
and then extend to the left side; while on the lower extremities they
appear at first on the left side, and then extend to the right side.
Dr. Rubini recommends it generally for "sanguineous congestions
in persons of plethoric habits," and for the injurious consequences
of catching cold from suppressed perspiration or from draught of air.
Sleep.-Sleeplessness at night, without apparent cause, (first
night.) Sleeplessness in the evening and at night, from arterial pul-
sations in the scrobiculus and in the right ear, (second night.)
Protracted sleeplessness during forty-eight hours, with pulsations in
both ears, (third day.) He cannot sleep in the first hours of the eve-
ing, and when he falls asleep he then awakens suddenly, (the first
eight days.) Interrupted sleep at night; the next morning he feels
fatigued, as if he had not slept at all: (twentieth day.) Talking non-
sense while asleep at night; when awaking he talks unconnectedly ;
(tenth day.) Slight delirium at night; on waking up, it ceases for a
time, but begins again as soon as he goes to sleep; (seventh day.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-"The sleeplessness at night is like Sul-
phur." (Lippe.)
Fever. Great coldness at night, which lasts half an hour, (first
day.) Slight chilliness towards 10 in the evening, (first day.) Slight
shivering, which passes off quickly towards 2 P. M., (first day.) Gen-
eral chilliness, so severe as to make the teeth chatter, which lasts three
hours, and does not go off, although he lies down and covers himself
over with many blankets, (first day.) Burning heat, which causes
shortness of breath and madness, so that he cannot remain quiet in
bed; this heat succeds the chill of three hours' duration, and contin-
ues during twenty hours, (first day.) Scorching heat in the course
of the night, with much pain in the head, great dyspnea, and inabil-
ity to remain lying, (first day.) Copious perspiration, which follows
the hot stage, (first day.) Slight fever and pain in the head, which
developes itself after a very short chill; it lasts but a short time
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
155
and terminates with slight perspiration at 4 P. M., (first day.) Quoti-
dian intermittent fever, which recurs every day at the same hour for
many successive days. At 1 P. M., a slight chill; then burning heat
dyspnoea, and very great pulsating pains in the uterine region, termi-
nating in very slight perspiration. From 11 P. M. till 12 A. M., the
next day, complete apyrexia, (after thirteen days.) Quotidian inter-
mittent fever, not subdued by sulphate of quinine, is immediately
checked. At 11 A. M., great coldness for two hours; then burning
heat, with great dyspnoea, thirst, violent pain in the head, coma, stu-
pefaction, insensibility, till 12 midnight, terminating in inextinguish.
able thirst and very profuse perspiration. At 4 A. M. on the following
day, complete apyrexia, and a feeling of comfort, as if in a perfect
state of health, which lasts for seven hours. Then, at 11 A. M.; the
paroxysm returns again, and it returns constantly for five successive
days, and could not be cut off by quinine. Pulse completely lost for
many days in a man affected with chronic hypertrophy of the heart;
immediately after taking the remedy the pulsation returns with
irregular rhythm, and intermitting as before.
CINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is recommended for "various kinds
of inflammations. Rheumatic inflammations with swelling of the
parts, and pain. Catarrhal fevers, inflammatory and gastric fevers."
(R.) Dr. Lippe says the "intermittent fever symptoms find a simi-
larity under Arsenicum, Bryonia, Lachesis, Pulsatilla, Rhus, and Sul-
phur; but Arsenicum has, as a difference, the paroxysms very rarely at
the same hour." It appears indicated in quotidians similar to those
which have been cured with Gelseminum.
Mental. Hypochondria and invincible sadness, (the first six
days.) Unusual melancholy, for which he himself can give no rea-
sons, (the first four days.) Profound hypochondria; he is unwilling
to speak a word; (fourth day.) Continued taciturnity; he will not
answer repeated interrogations; (third day.) Sadness, taciturnity,
and irresistible inclination to weep, (the first six days.) Fear of death,
extreme and continuous; he believes his disease to be incurable;
(the seventh day,) Love of solitude; he always avoids those around
him who wish to comfort him; (ninth day,) Extraordinary irritabil-
ity; the smallest contrariety puts him in a passion; (fifteenth day.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The effects of the Cactus on the mind
are certainly notable, and ought to make it one of our best remedies
for melancholy and kindred affections of the emotive sphere. Dr.
Lippe thinks its mental symptoms resemble those of Lachesis.
Head.-Vertigo from sanguineous congestions to the head, (after
ten days.) Paleness of the face, and emaciation, (the first six days,)
156
NEW REMEDIES.
Face bloated (acceso) and red, with pulsating pain in the head, (on
the twelfth day.) Great heat in the head, and heat of the face, as if
he had been before a strong fire, which causes madness and horrible
anxiety, (the first day.) Feeling of emptiness in the head, (the second
day.) Violent pain in the head, insufferable, from congestion to the head
(the fourth day.) Pressing pain in head, as if a great weight lay on the
vertex. Pain in the head with great prostration and weariness. Exces-
sive pain in the head, which causes such anxiety that he cannot stay in
bed, (on the first day.) Pulsating pain, with sensation of weight in
the right side of the head, continuing day and night, so severe as to
make him cry out with a loud voice, (after four days.) Very severe
pain in the right side of the head, which increases to a great degree
when raising the head from the pillow, for many days in succession,
(after three days.) Very severe pain in the right side of the head,
which is increased by the sound of talking, and by a strong light, (the
first five days.) Tensive pain on the vertex, which returns periodi-
cally every two days, (in the first twenty days.) Heavy pain, like a
weight on the vertex, which diminishes by pressure. Sensation of
weight on the vertex, with dull pain, increased by the sound of talk-
ing, and by the sound of any noise. Pressing pain in the forehead,
day and night, for two consecutive days. Pressing pain in the fore-
head, increased by bright light and on hearing loud voices or noises.
Pulsating pain in the temples, becoming intolerable at night, (the
second day.) Sensation of heavy weight in the right temple and on
the right eyebrow, diminished by pressure. Continued and torment-
ing pulsation in the temples and ears, which is exceedingly annoying,
and causes hypochondriasis, (the first eight days.) Such strong pul-
sations in the temples, as if the skull would burst, (the first day.)
Pain and drawing in the occiput, increased by the motion of the head.
Painful drawing in the aponeurotic covering of the occiput, amelio-
rated by bending the head backward,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS." The congestions to the head are simi-
lar to those of Belladonna and Glonoine. The weight on the vertex
similar to Aloes and Alumina, Like Belladonna, it affects more the
right side of the head." (Lippe.) Rubini recommends it for "San-
guineous apoplexy, cerebral congestions, and headache from conges-
tion or rheumatism." The symptoms of the vertex caused by Cimici-
fuga are opposite, viz: the pressure is outward.
Eyes.-Momentary loss of sight, (on the first day.) Loss of sight;
there appear circles of red light before the eyes, which dim the sight,
(the sixth day.) Dimness of sight; at a few paces distance he does
not recognise his friends. At a short distance he does not recognize
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
157
any one, not even a friend. Weakness of sight for many days in suc-
cession; objects appear as if clouded, (the first four days.) Weak-
ness of sight recurring periodically; objects appear to be obscured.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The eye symptoms much resemble those
caused by Gelseminum. It ought to be useful in amaurosis. Dr. Ru-
bini says it has cured a rheumatic ophthalmia produced by cold air.”
Ears.-Pulsations in the ears, continuing day and night, (on the
first six days.) Noise in the ear like the running of a river, contin-
uing all night, (the first day.) Diminished hearing from the buzzing
in the ears; it is necessary to speak in a loud voice to be understood;
(on the first day.) Very painful otitis, from checked perspiration,
which is cured in four days.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The symptoms of the ear, or the sense
of hearing, might be caused by congestion or an affection of the audi-
tory nerve. It is said to have cured a very painful rheumatic otitis,
from checked perspiration, in four days." (R.)
Nose.-Dry and very unpleasant coryza; he must breathe, during
the night, with his mouth open. Fluent and very acrid coryza, which
makes the nostrils sore. Profuse epistaxis, which ceases in a short
time.
[No cases are reported. The profuse bleeding would certainly
seem to imply an acute congestion of the head.]
Throat, etc.-Constriction of the throat, which excites the fre-
quent swallowing of saliva, (eighth day.) Fetid breath in the morn.
ing, (third day.) Constriction of the oesophagus, which prevents
swallowing; he must drink a great quantity of water, to force it down
into the stomach; (sixth day.)
Appetite and Gastric Symptoms.--Want of appetite and loss of
the taste of food, which disappears after a few hours, (second day.)
Complete loss of appetite; he cannot take the least morsel of food;
(third day.) Want of appetite and nausea for many days; it is only
by an effort that he can swallow a few mouthfuls; (the first fourteen
days.) Great appetite, but weak and slow digestion, (twentieth day.)
Very slow digestion, even after eight or ten hours the taste of the
food rises up in the throat. Bad digestion; all food causes weight in
the stomach, and so much suffering that he prefers to remain fasting.
Copious vomiting of blood. Nausea in the morning, and all day long,
(seventh day.)
Stomach. Acrid acid in the stomach, which rises in the throat
and mouth, and which makes everything he attempts to eat taste acid.
(fourth day.) Sensation of violent burning in the stomach, (the first
158
NEW REMEDIES.
five days.) Great thirst, which causes him to drink much water, (first
day.) Sensation of great constriction in the scrobiculus, which ex-
tends to the hypochondria, constricts them, and impedes respiration,
(fourth day.) Strong pulsation in the scrobiculus, (the first eight
days.) Continuous and annoying pulsation in the stomach. Very
troublesome pulsation of the cœliac artery, after dinner, which lasts
three hours, and which corresponds with the pulsation of the right
temporal artery. Sensation of heaviness in the stomach. Sensation
of great weight in the stomach, which continues many days, (during
the first eight days.) Sensation of weight in the stomach, which soon
goes off, but reappears every time the medicine is taken, (the first
fifteen days.) Oppression and weight in the stomach, (fourth day.)
Liver. We find but one symptom which can be referred to this
organ, yet we find under the clinical observations the following rather
remarkable curative symptoms: "Severe hepatitis. Cured in two days.
Chronic hepatitis and hepatic engorgement. Speedily cured." (R.)
Abdomen.-Borborygmus in the bowels, before the alvine evacua-
tion. Distressing sensation in the bowels, very annoying, as if a ser-
pent was turning around, here and there, in the bowels, (fourth day.)
Very violent pains in the bowels, almost causing him to faint, which
continues more or less during the day, (seventh day.) Wandering
pains in the umbilical region, woich cease and recur periodically,
(fifth day.) Insupportable heat in the abdomen, as though something
burned him internally, (after two days.) The abdominal parietes,
when touched with the hand, have a burning sensation, and are much
hotter than the other parts of the body, (third day.)
[We are surprised that Dr. Rubini did not recommend it for ente-
ritis and peritonitis.]
Stool and Anus.-Constipation during all the first six days.
Constipation as if from hæmorrhoidal congestion. Evacuation of
hard, black fæces, immediately on taking the remedy, in a man¸who
had been constipated for some days; the following day, bilious evac-
uation, (first day.) Bilious diarrhoea, with four or five evacuations
in one day, always preceded by pain, (during the first eight days.)
Bilious diarrhoea, with pain in the abdomen, eight evacuations in one
day, (third day.) Morning diarrhoea, of very loose fæces, preceded
by great pain, eight motions from 6 to 12 A. M.; no motion in the after-
noon, (seventh day.) Watery diarrhoea, very abundant each time;
ten passages during the morning hours, always preceded by pains
and borborygmus, ninth day.) Mucus diarrhoea, preceded by draw-
ing pains; three motions in the day, (twelfth day.) Sensation of
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
159
great weight in the anus, and a strong desire to evacuate a great
quantity; however, nothing passes, (fifteenth day.) Swollen varices
outside the anus, which cause much pain. Great itching in the anus,
which causes him to rub the part very often. Prickling in the anus,
as from sharp pins, which ceases on slight friction. Copious hamor-
rhage from the anus, which soon ceases.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems primarily homœopathic to irri-
tation of the bowels, with diarrhoea. Dr. Lippe thinks it resembles
Sulphur in causing morning diarrhoea, but unlike Sulphur, the evacu-
ations are preceded by pain. He believes it to be homoeopathic to
diseases of the prostate gland, and thinks it indicated by symptoms
141, 146, 147, 148 and 149. The first of these is the fifth from the
last; the others are the four first, found under "Urinary Organs."
Urinary Organs. - Constriction of the neck of the bladder, which
at first prevents the passage of the urine; but when he strains much
he urinates as usual; (tenth day.) Great desire to pass water; and
though he tries a long time, he is unable to pass any at all; (first day.)
Desire to urinate; after he has endeavored to do so for a long time,
he at last succeeds in passing water abundantly; (first day.) Insup-
portable irritation in the urethra, as if he should pass water constantly.
Frequent desire to urinate, with an abundant flow of urine each time,
during the night, (the first six days.) Heat in the urethra, which
increasing gradually, becomes in supportable, (fifth day.) Urine passed
by drops, with much burning, (fourth day.) Involuntary escape of
urine in bed, at night, whilst asleep, at 5 A. M., (first night.) Urine
more copious than usual, (the first four days.) Very profuse urine of
a straw color, (first day.) Urine very much increased; he must pass
water very frequently, and each time he discharges in great quantity.
Urine reddish, turbid, very abundant. Urine, on cooling, deposits a
red sand.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Besides the symptoms which may pro-
ceed from disease of the prostate, it is indicated in many conditions
of irritation of the bladder. Useful, also, in “ hæmaturia, strangury,
and paralysis of the bladder," (R.)
Organs of Generation of Women.-Sensation of painful con
striction in the groins, extending round the pelvis. Painful sensation
of constriction in the uterine region, which gradually extends upwards,
and in a quarter of an hour reaches the stomach, and causes the sen-
sation as of a great blow in the reins, that makes the patient cry out,
after which it rapidly goes off, (on the first day, after taking one globule
of the ore-hundredth potency.) (!!?) Pain in the uterus and its liga-
ments, periodically returning every evening, and increasing gradually
160
NEW REMEDIES.
until 11 P.M., when it is much worse; it then ceases until the following
evening, for many successive days, (after fourteen days.) Pulsating
pain in the uterus and ovarian regions, like an internal tumor suppur-
ating; the pain extends to the thighs, and becomes insupportable; then
it ceases completely, and occurs on the next day at the very same time,
and so on for many successive days; (after fifteen days.) Very painful
menstruation, accompanied by great prostration of strength; she is
obliged to remain in bed for three days; (eighth day.) Menstruation
with most horrible pains, causing her to cry aloud and to weep, (fifth
day.) Menstruation, which was usually preceded by very strong
pains, comes this time without any pain, and very copiously. Men-
struation eight days too soon, in a woman in whom it happened usually
some days too late, (third day.) Menstruation scanty, which ceases
when she remains lying down. Menstruation of black, pitchy blood,
rather abundant.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It would seem, from the wording of the
above symptoms that the drug was proven on several women. It
would be interesting to know if they were previously healthy in re-
spect of the uterine functions. Some of the symptoms would seem to be
"curative," It is a pity this pathogenesis is so loosely put together.
By referring to Dr. Russell's case, under "Heart," it will be seen
that it appeared to relieve a severe dysmenorrhea. It seems indicated
in ovaritis and metritis, The pains appear to be periodical. Dr.
Lippe says; "The cessation of menstruation on lying down is similar
to Causticum, and the constriction in the uterine region similar to
Murex."
Larynx, Cough, etc.-Obstinate, stertorous cough, worse at
night. Catarrhal cough, with much viscid expectoration. Spasmodic
cough, with copious mucus expectoration. Cough, with thick expec-
toration, like boiled starch, and very yellow. Dry cough, from tick-
ling in the throat, (the first fifteen days.) Dry cough from itching in
the larynx, (first night.)
Chest.-Feeling of constriction in the chest, which prevents free
speech, and when forced to speak, the voice is low, [weak] and hoarse,
(tenth day.) Constriction in the upper part of the chest, which hin-
ders respiration, (the first fifteen days.) Sensation of great constric-
tion in the middle of the sternum, as if the parts were compressed
by iron pinchers, which compression produces oppression of the res-
piration, aggravated by motion, (the first ten days.) Sensation of con-
striction of the chest, as if bound, (fourth day.) Painful sensation of
constriction in the lower part of the chest, as if a cord was tightly
bound around the false ribs, with obstruction of the breathing, (sixth
day.) Sensation in the chest, as if some one were pressing and hold-
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
161
(C
ing it tightly; under the delusion that this was the case, the patient
cried out,
Leave me alone!" (Third day.) Sensation of great con-
striction in the shoulders, so that he could not move, (fifth day.)
Sharp, wandering pains in the thoracic cavity, very annoying, espe-
cially in the scapular region, (the first fifteen days.) Painful drawings
in the muscles of the left side of the chest, which extends to the
shoulder joint, and impedes respiration and the free use of the arm.
Pain in the left breast, which is increased by touching and relieved
by gently raising it, (the first twelve days.) Oppression in the left
subclavian region, as if a great weight prevented the free dilatation
of the thorax, (fourth day.) Prolonged oppression of the respiration,
with great anxiety, (the first eight days.) Oppression of the chest,
with loss of breath, (the first four day.) Oppression of breathing, as
from a great weight on the chest, (third day.) Chronic oppression of
the breathing, which increases in the open air, and soon goes off again.
Difficulty of breathing, continued oppression and uneasiness, as if the
chest was constricted with an iron band, and could not dilate itself
for normal respiration, (the first eight days.) Periodical attacks of
suffocation, with fainting, cold perspiration on the face, and loss of
pulse, (the first eight days.) Anxiety returning in the evening, (the
first fifteen days.) Congestive asthma, which soon passes away. San-
guineous congestion in the chest, which prevents him laying down in
bed, (third day).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Rubini recommends this medicine
for rheumatism of the chest, hepatization of the lungs and bronchitis;
pleuritis; hæmoptysis; asthma; catarrhal cough; pulmonary tubercu-
losis in the first stage; congestion, etc. He also places the following
among the curative symptoms-a rather unsatisfactory way of report-
ing clinical cases, especially when we wish to ascertain reliable facts
relating to the curative powers of a new remedy:
"Bronchitis speedily cured. Chronic bronchitis, with rattling of
mucus, which becoming acute in consequence of a cold, causes great
anxiety and suffocation. It is rapidly relieved and the acute state
ceases very soon. Chronic bronchitis, of many years standing, with
rattling of mucus, continues day and night; oppression of breathing
on going up stairs, and impossibility of lying horizontally in bed;
which is rapidly cured. Many pleurisies, which are all cured from
two to four days. Hepatization of the lungs, which is resolved in a
few days. Very severe peripneumonia, with great oppression of the
respiration; pricking pain; acute, intense cough; sanguinolent sputa;
hard pulse, vibrating, 120. Cured in four days. Hamoptysis, which
soon ceases. Violent pneumorrhagia, which is checked in a few hours,
11
162
NEW REMEDIES.
and ceases entirely. Pneumorrhagia, renewed every four, six, seven
or eight hours, accompanied each time with convulsive cough. and ex-
pectoration of two or three pounds of blood, is at once relieved, and
ceases entirely in four days"
Dr. Lippe calls attention to its resemblance in one symptom to
Bovista, the "constriction in the middle of the sternum."
Dr. G. Duhring, writing of this medicine,* says:
I am in my
62d year, and for some time have been a great sufferer from chronic
bronchitis, it was accompanied with frequent rattling of mucus,
both through the day and at all hours of the night, oppression of
breathing, with a spasmodic cough and expectoration of mucus, also
frequent attacks when attempting to go up and down stairs. Various
remedies proved useless until I concluded to try some mother tinc-
ture of Cactus grandiflorus that I had providentially prepared last
year, and this at once restored my health."
Heart.-Sensation of very annoying movement from before back-
wards in the cardiac region, as if a reptile were moving about in the
interior; worse by day than by night, (the first ten days.) Sensation
of constriction in the heart, as if an iron hand prevented its normal
movement, (the first ten days.) Dull, heavy pains in the region of
the heart, increased by external pressure, (second day.) Pricking
pain in the heart, impeding respiration and the motion of the body,
(fourth day.) Very acute pain, and such painful stitches in the
heart as to cause him to weep and cry out loudly, with obstruction of
the respiration, (the first eight days.) Palpitation of the heart, con-
tinues day and night, worse when walking, and at night, when lying
on the left side, (the first six days.) Nervous palpitation of the heart,
augmented gradually on the occurrence of the catamenia,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The claim set up by the author of the
original pamphlet, relative to the wonderful curative powers of the
Cactus, are certainly very remarkable, and every reflecting physician
must look upon such fulsome encomiums with a good deal of suspicion.
The symptoms said to have been caused by the drug are certainly
very notable, and really appear to afford broad ground for the recom-
mendations given. But after all, it strikes us that the language used
is too strong. Thus Dr. Rubini says: "The characteristics of this
Cactus consist in the developement of its action "specifically on the
heart and its blood vessels, dissipating their congestions and suppress-
ing their irritations," without weakening the nervous system, like
Aconite. Hence it is preferable to the latter in all cases of inflamma-
tion, particularly in cases of lymphatic and nervous temperaments."
* It is a specific remedy for diseases of the
heart, upon which it acts promptly. Hence it may be considered, in
such circumstances, as a sovereign remedy, with which no other can
*
*
* Amer. Hom. Observer, vol. 11, p. 209.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
163
compete. In organic diseases, the dose is from one to ten drops of
mother tincture, mixed in water and taken at intervals during the
day. It will rapidly relieve the painful sufferings, even if they are
not cured, and do not cease altogether. In the severe acute affec-
tions of the same organ the same dose will promptly cure, without
the aid of any other remedy. In nervous diseases of the heart, the
globules of the 6th, 30th and 100th dilutions give immediate relief."
To say that a medicine is a specific remedy in diseases of the
heart," is certainly a very thoughtless and rash assertion, one entirely
unwarranted by the facts in pathology and therapeutics, for there are
many organic and even functional diseases of the heart that are in
their very nature incurable.
(C
In his clinical observations, Dr. Rubini recommends it in "rheu-
matism of the heart, stenocardia, hypertrophy of the heart, aneurism
of the heart and the large arteries, acute and chronic carditis, organic
and nervous palpitation of the heart."
If he had said it would palliate or relieve organic cardiac disease,
it would certainly appear more favorably. He admits, above, that it
may not cure, but not as plainly or as fully as he ought. The follow-
ing he places among the curative symptoms. A bungling way of
reporting cases:
Nervous palpitation of the heart, produced by deep moral affec-
tions, is immediately calmed. Nervous palpitation of the heart, ex-
isting for several years, in consequence of an unfortunate love affair,
is rapidly relieved. Chronic palpitation of the heart, in a boy of
twelve, which for many years had resisted all the appliances of art,
was almost completely cured. Acute carditis, with slight cyanosis of
the face, oppression of the breathing, dry cough, pricking pain at the
heart, impossibility of lying on the left side; pulse quick, throbbing,
tense and hard. These symptoms cured in four days. Chronic car-
ditis, with oedematous and cyanotic face, suffocating respiration, con-
tinued dull pain at the heart, hydro-pericardium, hydrothorax, ascites,
oedema, of the hands, the legs and feet, impossibility of lying in bed,
of speaking, or even of drinking, hands and feet cold, pulse intermit-
ting. Cured in fifteen days. Rheumatic carditis, with much dry and
convulsive cough, cured in four days. Hypertrophy of the heart, that
had lasted three years; the patient is pulseless, extremely prostrated,
panting and sad, he cannot lie down, he cannot speak, has scarcely
slept for fifteen days, weak, forgetful, feet oedematous. He soon is
relieved, lies down and sleeps quietly for twelve hours."
Dr. Lippe says the effects of this medicine on the heart is "in
many respects similar to that of Crotalus, Lachesis, Spigelia, and
Kalmia. The oedema of the hands in chronic carditis, especially that
of the left hand is under no other remedy, and is a very weighty
symptom.
If this medicine is one possessing such unusual remedial power
over diseases of the heart, it is to be regretted that the provings were
not made in such a manner as to conform to the existing condition of
164
NEW REMEDIES.
the art of diagnostics. It is sad to think how much might have
been done with the opportunities at command. Why did not Dr. Ru-
bini give us the results of a physical examination of the chest and
heart of persons under the influence of Cactus? With what increased
confidence would we prescribe the medicine if the sounds of the
heart, revealed by auscultation and percussion had been observed and
published? Who doubts that our success with the medicine would
not be increased if such observations had been made.
Since the publication of the pathogenesis of Cactus in England
and America, homoeopathicians have had some clinical experience
which gives some testimony in favor of the value of the medicine,
particularly in the direction of cardiac diseases.
The first case, and the one which was the means of introducing
the remedy to the attention of English homoeopathicians, is related
by Dr. Russell, in his note to Dr. Dudgeon's translation:
"About two years and a half ago I was consulted by a patient, of
whose case the following account may enable the reader to form an
opinion: Between twenty and thirty years of age, tall, slender, and
active; remarkable for intellectual endowment and culture; very
clear, exact and truthful in her description both of her own feelings
and of what she observed. As a girl, she had suffered from attacks
of acute rheumatism, which, however did not prevent her taking much
severe exercise, both on foot and horseback, after they were past.
Some four years ago, after stooping while packing, she became sud-
denly affected with pain in the lumbar region; and she suffered
excrutiating agony (no other words are strong enough to express her
sufferings) for two days at the beginning of the catamenial period.
The action of the heart was very peculiar; it beat with great force
and irregularity. There was no displacement nor valvular disease.
She described it as if grasped with an iron hand. The palpitation
was excited by any strong mental emotion or bodily exertion. It
affected both the lungs and head, producing dyspnoea, and violent,
throbbing head-ache. My impression is that she must have had peri-
carditis with the rheumatism, and that the heart must have been
bound by bands of lymph, hence that concentric hypertrophy of the
ventricles ensued. She was under my care,-latterly assisted by Mr.
Leadam, who found ulceration of the os, and congestion of the cervix
uteri—for about two years and a half, partly in this country where I
visited her, partly in Italy where I sent her medicines. Although
somewhat relieved, chiefly by Belladonna and Naja, she derived no
permanent good from the medicines I administered, or the local treat-
ment adopted by Mr. Leadam; on the contrary, the last winter spent
at Rome was by much the worst. She was confined constantly to the
house, and was almost never free from pain; she wasted and her
friends were apprehensive of her vital powers sinking under her long
sufferings."
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
165
The patient went to Naples and placed herself under the care of
Dr. Rubini, and in a letter to Dr. Russell some time after, she states
the results of taking the Cactus : "With regard to myself, I have
told you so often how horribly I have suffered, that there is no need
to repeat that; but I can say with a real satisfaction that the last
time has been quite bearable,-that I have faith when Dr. Rubini
says that in a few months the pain will not return at all. I no longer
look forward with dismay to certain days, and I have a hope that I
may even get strong when this great suffering is so calmed that I do
not constantly lose the little strength I may have regained in the
interval. Besides this, it certainly has done my heart and chest
good."
In his comments on this case, Dr. Russell remarks: Although
there is more promise than fulfilment in this statement, yet to one
acquainted with the case-the severest of the kind and least amen-
able to treatment I ever saw-even this amount of improvement is a
great achievement for any medicine to have affected."
Dr. Carroll Dunham, of New York, reports the following case,
illustrative of its curative influence*: "A. B., aged twenty-eight
years, who had generally been healthy, enlisted in the army in July,
1864. After three months he got acute articular rheumatism in the
back and limbs. After a long sickness in the hospital, he was mus-
tered out of the service as incurable. He slowly gathered strength,
but applied to me in March, 1865, in the following condition: Mus-
cular condition fair, limbs free from stiffness or swelling, lumbar mus-
cles tender on pressure and stiff, especially on first moving after
repose. Extensive dullness in the præcordia; blowing with the first
sound of the heart. A constant sense of constriction in the region
of the heart and epigastrium, "as if the heart were grasped and com-
pressed, as by a hand of iron." This sensation is very distressing;
it is much increased by muscular exertion, especially by reading
aloud or loud talking. Cactus th, two doses, relieved the patient
instantly. No return up to the present time, He is still under ob-
servation; symptoms 64 is strongly confirmed.
00
Dr. A. Lippe gives two cases confirmatory of its curative powers:
Case 1.-" A lady, eighty years of age, complains of a periodical
constriction of the chest, with fainting and palpitation of the heart,
worse in the morning and after rising; periodical stitches in the
heart. All these symptoms disappeared after two doses of Cactus
grandiflorus, 75m. A confirmation of symptoms 65, 66, 67, 73, 74.
Symptom 7, a pressing pain in the head, as if a great weight were
laying on the vertex, has been repeatedly removed by Cactus grandi-
florus, especially when menstruation return too frequently and were
too profuse.
Case 2.-A lady, forty years of age, who had often complained of
palpitation of the heart and of rheumatism, was, by Cactus grandi-
florus, 10m., 'promptly relieved from rheumatism, first in the hands,
* Hahnemannian Monthly, Vol. 1, p. 177.
166
NEW REMEDIES.
later in the feet; worse in the morning and upon beginning to move;
the soles of the feet felt as if they were bruised when she walked.
The rheumatism of Cactus grandiflorus goes from above downward,
that of Ledum from below upward. A number of patients have been
benefitted by Cactus grandiflorus. But the improvement has not
yet lasted long enough to warrant their being reported as cures.
Dr. Chapman recommends Cactus grandiflorus in a case of
metastasis of rheumatism to the heart, vide "Annals of the British
Homœopathic Society," No. XXI, page 240.
A physician of Terra Haute, Ind., in an article over the initials,
E. P. D.," reports the following case :* "On April 28th, I was
called to see Mrs. B., and learned that she was attacked about four-
teen months ago with a low grade of fever, and that camp diarrhoea
was soon added thereto, from which she had not recovered; being at
the time within the lines of our army in Arkansas, she was treated
by an army surgeon for nearly thirteen months. Her condition at
the time I was called was as follows: Great emaciation, tongue pur-
ple, with a thick coating of sordes on the teeth; breath very offen-
sive, frequent cough (she said she had had bronchitis for three years);
sputa copious, yellow and jelly-like; voice moderately full at times,
then decreasing, with a peculiar whistling sound, almost to a whisper;
frequent vomiting; stools scanty and resembling dirty water, aver-
aging as often as every hour. No appetite-indeed, the stomach at
once rejected any thing she tried to take; a fluttering sensation, which
she described as being in her stomach; pain in lower portions of ab-
domen, and a bearing-down sensation, at times quite severe; urine
scanty, not very frequent, but burning and scalding; menses always
painful; had slept none for four days and nights, and so weak as to
need assistance to turn over in bed. For the symptoms Podophyllin
3, and Leptandrin 3, were given for two days, with the effect of
relieving the vomiting and purging, and cleaning the tongue. The
third day the patient was not as well. Stools more frequent, com-
plained a good deal of wandering pains and the fluttering in the stom-
ach; cough none; tongue clean, dark red. Rhus and Bryonia 3,
were given for two days, when, having taken a bad cold, she was
worse, in fact, not much different from his first visit. A critical
examination developed nothing except the "fluttering in the stomach."
Upon being asked to put the finger where the fluttering was, she
placed it upon the region of the coeliac axis, remarking "the spot is
about the size of a silver dollar, and a burning line extends from it
to the lower part of the ribs on either side, and a hot flash shoots
downward exery little while." Dr. D. resolved to try the Cactus,
and prescribed six pills of the 3d, every four hours. Being resolved
to give it a fair trial, without prejudice, he told his patient he would
not visit her again for a week unless called for. The week passed,
and of this visit he says: When I called the door was open, and I
entered without ceremony. A woman was sweeping the room
glanced at the bed for my patient; the bed was freshly made and
* Western Homœopathic Observer, Vol. 11, p. 159.
I
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
167
empty. Astonished and a little uneasy, I turned to the woman, who
evidently enjoyed my embarassment, to enquire for my patient. She
smiled and said: "Perhaps it is me you want." She seated herself
aud said the fluttering in the stomach began to leave with the first
dose; she had coughed none since the second day; since the third
day her stools had been natural, vomited none, tongue natural, appe-
tite good, and enjoyed what she ate, and felt quite strong again." Three
days after she sent word that "her menses came on yesterday, and for
the first time in her life, were entirely free from pain." She says she
feels better than she has for five years.
Dr. Duhring writes as follows* relating to this remedy:
I will give only a few cases, that will show the wonderful influ-
ence of Cactus grandiflorus on the heart and its blood-vessels "in dissi-
pating their congestions and suppressing their irritations without in
the least weakening the nervous system," thus proving the medicine to
be a priceless gift of modern science and discovery.
Case 1.-Mrs. C. M., age 84 years. This lady always enjoyed
excellent health, but was suddenly attacked, during the night, with
intense burning lancinating pains across the chest, emanating from
the præcordia, and radiating thence into both sides of the chest, to
the right shoulder and arm; they were so severe as to cause crying
out and inability to lay down for fear of momentary suffocation; the
pulse was very active and quite irregular. I administered simply
drop doses of Cactus in mother tincture every half hour for several
hours. This produced almost instantaneous relief. The same effect
has followed with every return of the paroxysm, until finally, within
seven days, she was free from the malady, and felt well and comfort-
able, with the exception of a general debility and slight numbness in
the afflicted parts. The lady is ever praising the wonderful medi-
cine, and keeps some of it, like a charm, by her bedside, to use if
needed. Her praises, unasked for, show decidedly that the curative
power of this night-flower is no myth or theory, but a fact and a
reality.
Case 2.—Mrs. H., 56 years old, for nearly six years was afflicted
with sickness of the stomach and quick fluttering of the heart under
any excitement, She spent money on many physicians and used all
kinds of allopathic remedies without receiving any benefit or help.
I gave her a single dose of three drops of the Cactus in mother tinc-
ture, which at once produced relief so decided that the old lady said
it acted like a miracle. At the beginning of September she received
the first dose, and since then has taken sixty doses, always on each
return of the palpitation. The medicine has checked and cured the
patient.
Case 3.—Mrs. D.'s infant, age two years. The child was sud-
denly attacked, during the night, with suffocating oppression, without
any feverish symptoms. A few drops of Cactus tincture in water,
administered every hour, permanently relieved the child at the end
of 24 hours.
* American Homœopathic Observer, May, 1866.
168
NEW REMEDIES.
ope
These three cases of positive cure are sketched from my practice,
not to show my success, but to show and illustrate the value of the
Cactus remedy. Where cures are so clearly wrought it truly is our
duty to investigate the various powers of the remedy and to devel-
its use by practice, and to make known such success to others,
that they may still further spread the benefits of the curing night
flower, that so long has been neglected, and admired and valued only
for its beauty. Therefore I take the liberty to give to your journal
the experience of a practical physician on this subject, wishing that
these few remarks will be of benefit to the profession and stimulate
others to advance the use of the Cactus, and also awaken those who
are yet in ignorance to use their eyes and read the journals, and keep
up with the times, and begin the use of the remedy. Again, I rejoice
to find the beautiful in nature can also be the useful in science, and
with you I rejoice that I have been able to learn, by practice, the
value of Dr. Rubini's discovery, and to add my humble testimony to
the correctness of his theory and practice; thus to aid homoeopathy
to keep ahead of the old-fogyism of allopathic unchangeable theories
and rules of practice.
C. C. OLMSTED, M. D., reports :-" Mrs. I-, aged about 25; light
hair, blue eyes, a very fair complexion; has had a trouble of the
heart, of some four years' standing. Previous to that time she suf-
fered a great deal with inflammatory rheumatism. During a severe
attack of this disease, of some six weeks' duration, her heart became
implicated; but thanks to a good strong constitution, she survived
the heroic treatment of the "Regular." Ever since this attack she
has been quite subject to severe paroxysms of pain in the region of
the heart, after any cold, excitement or severe exercise. I was called
to see her in one of the most severe attacks she ever had. The day
before, she had been out to a pic-nic, and coming home they were
caught in a storm, and she got quite wet. During that night she
was very restless and uneasy, with some fever. All the symptoms
increased until the following night. At 11 P. M., I was called; found
her sitting up in bed; could not lay down or take a long breath, or
utter a whole sentence without stopping to groan, from the severe
pain, about 1 inches below and a little back of the left nipple, and
through the left shoulder, extending down the left arm to the end of
the fingers; breathing was very difficult; countenance showed extreme
suffering; her face was parched, lips bluish, tongue furred white,
pulse feeble and quick (120), urine very scanty and colorless; diges-
tion was and had been very good. She said the sensation was as
though some strong hand was grasping the heart and would not allow
it to pulsate. I gave her six pellets of the 200th dil., waiting
three hours before repeating the dose. Wishing to try the effect
of the high attenuations, in a severe case, I left some blank
powders, to be taken every four hours, until I called again. In
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
169
the morning, at 9 A. M., I called, and found her lying down,
breathing much easier. Could talk very well, saying the pills
I gave her done much more good than the powders; pulse was
90, a little more full, and the pain much less; could move the arm
much better. I then gave a single dose of the same, 200, with blank
powders, as before. In the evening I saw the improvement continued
and gave nothing but the blank powders. The next day found she
had slept very well, waking up but a few times during the night. I
gave another dose (same attenuation) with blank powders. Visiting
the case frequently, I saw that improvement was going on from day
to day. I gave no more medicine. At the end of a week she was
able to be up and around the room, and in ten days resumed her usual
household duties. She has not had a return for six months; can
endure more than she has done before for a long time. I have been
very much pleased with the effects of Cactus in several cases of heart
disease. From the effects I have seen it produce, I think it will at
least palliate severe cases of Angina pectoris, and perhaps cure recent
I recommended the 30th dil. in a case of Angina pectoris, not
long ago. A single dose was given, and so great was the aggravation
that they feared to repeat it. I never use lower than the 30th. The
200th is my favorite. I have never failed to at least palliate the case
when they complain as though some one was grasping the heart.
How permanent will be the relief, I cannot say. I have only used it
some two years. I have not tried it in any other diseases.”
cases.
Edema
Upper and Lower Extremities.-Formication and weight in the
arms, which cannot be raised freely; worse in the left arm.
of the hands, worse in the left. Dry, scaly herpes at the outside of
the right elbow, without itching, of one and a half inch in breadth,
(thirtieth day.) A similar dry, scaly, hepetic eruption on the outside
of the left elbow, (after forty-eight days.) Dry, scaly herpes, two
inches broad, on the left internal malleolus, without itching, (after
twenty-four days.) A similar dry, scaly herpes on the right internal
malleolus, (after thirty-eighth day.) Violent itching on the ankles,
(twentieth day.) Very violent itching, causing him to scratch the
lower part of the tibia, (after twenty-one days.) Edema of the legs
up to the knees; the skin is shining, and pressure with the fingers
leaves an impression for a long time. Edema of the feet up to the
inferior third of the legs, which soon goes off. He cannot rest still
when sitting; he must throw his legs about here and there
involuntarily.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.- Dr. Lippe calls attention to the oedema
of the hands, particularly of the left, as an important symptom especi-
ally as it occurs in some diseases of the heart. The oedema of the
feet and legs is also suggestive. Rubini thinks it will prove to be
an antipsoric, because it causes eruptions on the extremities.
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
(Blue Cohosi.)
ANALOGUES.—Aletris, Asafætida, Cypripedium, Cimicifuga,
Helonias, Mitchella, Nymphæa, Platina, Pulsatilla, Senecio, Secale,
Uva ursi.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is a perennial, glabrous herb, with
matted, knotty roots talks, sending up in early spring a simple and
naked stem, terminated by a small raceme or panicle of yellowish
green flowers, and a little below, bearing a large triternately com-
pound leaf, without any common petiole; (whence the Greek name,
sinifying the stem seeming to form a stalk for the great leaf.) The
whole plant is glaucous when young. Stem smooth, purple when
young, one to two and a half feet high, dividing above into two parts,
one of which is a large triternate leaf-stalk, the other bears a smaller
biternate leaf at the base. Flowers appear in April and May, while
the leaf is yet small. Sepals, 6, with 3 small bractlets at the base,
ovate oblong. Petals 6, thick and gland-like, somewhat kidney-shaped
and hooded bodies, with short claws, much smaller than the sepals,
one at the base of each of them. Pistil gibbous, style short. Stigma
minute and unilateral, ovary bursting soon after flowering by the
pressure of the two erect enlarging seeds and withering away; the
spherical seeds naked on their thick-set seed-stalks, looking like
drupes, the fleshy integument turning blue, albumen of the texture
of horn. Seeds one or two, about the size of a large pea, erect and
globose. Fruit is dry, sweet, insipid. The seeds ripen in the latter
part of summer, and are said to form an excellent substitute for cof-
fee when roasted.
The root, which is the officinal part, is sweetish, somewhat fra-
grant and aromatic, and affords a yellowish infusion and yellowish
brown tincture. The root is yellow inside, brown outside, hard, irreg-
ular, knotty, branched, with many fibres.
It is found growing all over the United States, in low, moist, rich
grounds, or on mountains and shady hills, deep woods, or near run-
ning streams, or on grounds which have been overflowed with water.
It is an indigenous plant, and the only one of its genus yet discovered
in this country. It is known by the common names of Squaw-root,
Pappoose-root, originating from the names given it by the aborigines
of this country. By the early white settlers it was called Blue-gin-
seng, Blue-berry, etc. Linnæas placed it in the genus Leontice, but
it was separated by Michaux.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.—(1) Tincture of the root and dilutions.
(2) Triturations of the pulverized root, and of the tincture. (3) Caul-
ophyllin and its triturations.
CAULOPHYLLUM
171
THALICTROIDES.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Dr. Smith, one of the earliest botanic phy-
sicians, was the first to call attention to this plant. He asserts that
it is "the most powerful anti-spasmodic in the compass of medicine,
and at the same time is perfectly safe." Among the diseases in which
it is useful he names, "hiccough, colic, cholera-morbus, epilepsy, hys-
terics, fits, and ague." He also says he speedily cured one case of
inflammation of the uterus with the decoction. He mentions its use
among the squaws to facilitate childbirth. Rafinesque, who wrote in
1828, calls the Caulophyllum " demulcent, anti-spasmodic, emmena-
gogue and sudorific, and useful in dropsy."
Drs. Mateson, Henry, Beach, Curtiss, Thompson, and all botanic
writers, mention it with particular favor.
Dr. King,' Jones and Scudder, and Dr. Coe,³ give a full account
of its alleged and known properties. They deem it to be "anti-
spasmodic, emmenagogue, parturient, diuretic, anthelmintic, and dia-
phoretic; useful in rheumatism, dropsy, colic, cramps, hiccough, epi-
lepsy, uterine inflammation, and all chronic uterine diseases.
Strange to say, it is not mentioned in the works of any allopathic
author except Dr. Tully, who got his information from the botanic
physicians. I was the first to call the attention of the homoeopathic
school to the value of this plant. Since the publication of the orig-
inal article it has been extensively used by the physicians of our
school. I gave no proving, only the experience of eclectic practi-
tioners and my own. In the first edition I collected all the clinical
experience obtainable, and published a proving by Dr. Burt, which
finely substantiated the truth of the law of similia, as illustrated by
the connection between the effects of this medicine and rheumatism.
No further provings have been made, but an additional amount of
clinical experience has been gained and is here presented :
Dr. Burt's PROVING (WITH CAULOPHYLLIN.)
April 28th, 1864. Am in perfect health; tongue not coated;
tonsils are natural; good appetite; bowels move once a day; urine
acid; temperament sanguine-nervous; age 29; weight 148 lbs.; pulse
75. 4 P. M.-Took 10 grs. of pure resinoid. 6 P. M.-Dull frontal
headache, with a contracted feeling of the skin of the forehead ;
drawing pains in the thighs, knees, legs and ankles; very sharp pains
in the left knee joint, inside; elbows and wrists ache. 5.40.-Very
hard pains in the forehead, with a sensation as of needles being stuck
into the forehead. 6 P. M.-Constant flying pains in the arms and
legs, first in one part and then in another, remaining only two or
1 Eclectic Dispensatory.
2 Materia Medica.
3 Conc Org. Med.
4 N. A. Jour. of Hom., vol. 6,
p. 373.
172
NEW REMEDIES
three minutes at a time in a place. Severe drawing pains in the inside
of the left thigh; very hard dull frontal headache; distress in the
fauces that causes frequent inclination to swallow; dull backache in
the lumbar region; every few minutes sharp stinging pains in the
glans penis. 9 P, M.-Severe frontal headache; severe colicky pains.
every few minutes in the umbilicus; very severe drawing pains in
the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle, that draws the head to the left side;
severe drawing pains in the joints of the arms and legs; the ankle
and toes of the left foot are very painful; dull backache.
April 29th. Slept well until 3 A. M.; after that I was restless;
skin was
was hot and dry; severe drawing pains in my hips,
knees, ankles and feet, wrists and fingers. Shutting my hand pro-
duced severe cutting pains in the second joints of all the fingers, they
were very stiff; frequent colicky pains in the umbilicus, relieved by
emissions of flatus; severe drawing pains over the left eye. 10 A. M.
-Have the same symptoms. Took 15 grs.; had a natural stool at 7
A. M. 12 M.-Distress in the stomach and bowels, with drawing pains
in the right hypochondrium; drawing pains in the fingers, legs and
feet; the pains are very severe in the feet. 4 P. M.-Dull frontal
headache, by spells there is a very severe pain in the temples that
produces a feeling as if both temples would be crushed together; fre-
quent slight colicky pain in the stomach and umbilicus; slight dull
backache; drawing pains in the right side over the liver; severe
drawing pains in the legs and feet, but more especially in the feet;
drawing pains in the fingers; natural but dark stool. 2 P. M.-took
25 grs. 6 P. M.-Dull headache; profuse flow of tears; drawing
pains in the nose; good deal of pain and distress in the stomach and
umbilicus; dull pains in the lumbar region; severe drawing pains in
the ankles and feet; severe pain in the wrists and joints of fingers.
9 P. M.-Slight frontal headache; good deal of distress in the stom-
ach, and small intestines; constant and severe drawing pains in the
wrists and fingers, ankles, feet and toes; the left ankle pains very
severely; took 30 grs.
April 30th. Had a restless night; there was so much pain in the
joints of the fingers; they look red and are very stiff; closing the
hand is very painful; slight frontal headache; teeth all feeling sore
and elongated; slight dull pain in the umbilicus when moving,
relieved by emissions of flatus; drawing pains in the knees, ankles,
feet and toes; walking produces severe pain in the metatarsal bones;
natural but hard stool. 10 P. M.-Feeling quite well excepting my
knees are quite weak when walking; another rather soft stool, fol-
lowed by slight pain in the umbilicus; took 50 grs. 12 м.-Empty
eructations; slight distress in the stomach; drawing pains in the
knees and toes, very sharp by spells. 5 P. M.-Feeling weak and
nervous; dullness of the head; slight burning distress in the stom-
ach; slight drawing pains in the wrists and fingers, ankles, feet and
toes; took 75 grs. 10 P. M.-Frequent gulping up of very sour,
bitter fluid; frequent spells of vertigo; slight burning distress in
the stomach; drawing pains in the fingers, ankles, feet and toes, but
more especially in the toes; knees feeling very weak when walking;
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
173
eyes aching with a feeling of something under the lids; profuse
secretion of tears.
May 1st. Slept well until 1 A. M., then awoke with a great rum-
bling in the bowels, and a very urgent desire for stool; stool mostly
of water that ran a perfect stream from my bowels, passed a great
quantity. There was no pain. 8 A. M.-Feeling quite well; tongue
coated white; canine hunger; fingers are quite stiff; slight backache ;
drawing pains in the toes; want to drink a great deal of water.
9 A. M.-Frequent slight pain in the umbilicus; drawing pains in the
elbows, wrists, fingers, knees, ankles, feet and toes; all of my joints
crack frequently when walking or turning.
May 2d. Restless night; my fingers, ankles, feet and toes pained
me so much; fingers are very stiff. 7 A. M.-Soft stool,
Soft stool, very white,
showing a great deficiency of bile in the excretions.
REMARKS.—The urinary or genital organs were not affected in the
least; the pulse remained about natural all the time; its great centre
of action on myself was the small joints; (the fingers and toes; the
carpal, metacarpal and phalangeal; tarsal, metatarsal and phalangeal
joints.)
DR. HALE'S REMARKS.
I know of no more remarkable substantiation of the truth ofthe
law of similia, than the above graphic proving. How perfectly Dr.
Burt describes the rheumatic affection, so similar in its character to
that variety in which Dr. R. Ludlam found the Caulophyllin cura-
tive? I know of no coincidence in my experience which has ever
given me greater satisfaction. To settle any possible cavil or doubt.
in the minds of the most suspicious, I will say that Dr. Burt did not
know of the use of Caulophyllum in rheumatism, much less had he
any knowledge of Dr. Ludlam's experience with the remedy in that
disease.
RESUME.
Nervous System.-The action of Caulophyllum on the nervous
system is similar to that of Cimicifuga. It is sedative to the nerves
of motion, and is secondarily homeopathic to spasms, cramps and
even convulsions-especially when they arise from reflex irritation,
originating in the ovaries or uterus. Its primary action is antagonis-
tic to Ignatia, Nux vomica or Secale. It causes, secondarily, condi-
tions which those drugs cause primarily. The nerves of sensation are
not directly influenced by this remedy. It relieves pain by arresting
the cramp or spasm by which the pain is caused, or by some specific
influence over the pathological condition known as rheumatism. I
have not known of its successful usc in neuralgia, nor do I think it
indicated in that disease when idiopathic. "Eclectic" writers class
it with the "anti-spasmodics." It has an extensive reputation in
that school, in hysteria and other nervous affections. "It appears,"
174
NEW REMEDIES.
says Jones, "to impart a vigorous and healthful energy to the nerv-
ous system. It has been found useful in epilepsy, chorea, tremors,
spasms of the stomach, bowels, etc." (Ec. Mat. Med.) If homoeo-
pathic to epilepsy, at all, it must be in that form known as "men-
strual" or uterine epilepsy." In idiopathic epilepsy, neither
Caulophyllum or anything else is of much service; while in the epi.
leptiform spasms which occur during or near the menses, or in hys-
terical convulsions, connected with dysmenorrhoea, the Caulophyllum
is the most appropriate remedy, and has been useful in such cases in
my own practice. Cimicifuga racemosa and Bromide of Potash
are also suitable in such cases. In Chorea, it has proved as useful
as its near analogue Cimicifuga. Several cures of that malady by
the use af Caulophyllin, one-tenth, have come under my own observa-
tion. Nearly every case occurred in young girls, and had their origin
in some menstrual irregularity. One case, however, was of a deci-
dedly rheumatic origin. It is useful in the tremors of nervous
women, and drunkards; also in the cramps of pregnant women.
Mucous Membranes.-It seems to act upon the mucous mem-
branes of the mouth, fauces and vagina. It has been found curative
in aphthous conditions of those surfaces; also in leucorrhoea.
Muscular Tissues.-It appears to have a specific relation to the
muscular and fibrous tissues, but, whether directly or through the
nervous system, is not yet determined. Its efficacy in rheumatism is
undoubted, but it is not used in that disease as much as the Cimici-
fuga; indeed it is hardly mentioned in relation to that affection in
works on eclectic" medicine. The homoeopathic school have used
it successfully in certain forms of rheumatism, as the following cases
will show :
Dr. P. H. Hale, of Hudson, Michigan, reports as follows: "A
plethoric man, of nervous temperament, was attacked with rheumatic
swelling of both feet. In a few days the swelling shifted to the
knees, and from thence to the wrists and hands. No perceptible
benefit accrued from the administration of Pulsatilla, Bryonia, Rhus,
or Aconite. One night, about the third week of his illness, I was
called in great haste to see him. The pain and tumefaction had sud-
denly left the extremities, and he was suffering from excruciating pain
in the cervical and dorsal regions, with spasmodic rigidity of the
muscles of the back and neck; could not bear to be moved; slight
twitching of the muscles of the arms; paroxysms of quick, panting
breathing; complained of great oppression of the chest; high fever,
severe delirium, and great nervous excitement. The tincture of
Caulophyllum was administered, 30 drops every half hour. In a few
hours the symptoms rapidly gave way, and from that time the patient
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
175
rapidly improved, and in a week was attending to his usual avoca-
tions. I have also found it useful in rheumatism of the uterus.”
Rheumatism of the Uterus is a common cause of dysmenorrhea, and
many other painful affections of that organ and its ligaments. Cau-
lophyllin will be found very useful in such conditions. Cimicifuga is
also indicated, but the former is more useful in rheumatic affections
when spasmodic symptoms are present; that is the chief diagnostic
difference between the two remedies.
Dr. Ludlam writes me: Meeting my friend, the Rev. Dr. C—,
socially in the autumn of 1860, he inquired if I had ever prescribed
the Caulophyllum for rheumatism? I replied in the negative. He
then told me that he had once suffered from a very severe and pro-
tracted attack of articular rheumatism, in which the pain and swelling
finally settled in the wrist and fingers of one hand. The usual reme-
dies were tried, but without avail. His physician finally prescribed
as a dernier ressort, a decoction of the Caulophyllum. În a short
time he was perfectly relieved. "I would not," said my friend,
spend a night without the Caulophyllin in my house for half the
city of Chicago!" It so happened that I was at that time treating an
inveterate case of rheumatism, affecting the metacarpal joints of the
left hand of a servant girl in the family of D. S-, Esq. The reme-
dies which I had prescribed did no good, and all concerned were
impatient the girl should be well and at work again. I gave her
empirically two grains of the second decimal trituration of the Caul.
ophyllin. She was ordered to take a powder of that size and strength
every two hours until relieved. The poor sufferer had not slept for
two or more nights. After taking the second dose she fell asleep,
and her pain vanished from that time forward. There was no metas-
tasis of the complaint, and in two days she was down stairs at work.
While she remained in the family-two years-she had no return of
the disease. Since the above result was obtained, I have frequently
prescribed the Caulophyllin for articular rheumatism affecting the
smaller joints, and several times with a signal success. It has, how-
ever, appeared more effectual in case of females than of males, who
were ill with this painful disease.”
Dr. W. C. O'Brien of England,* has verified the above clinical
cases. He says, "this medicine cured, in three weeks, a case of
obstinate rheumatism of the wrists and finger joints, with considerable
swelling; relief followed the administration of the second dose. I
used the 2d dec. dil.”
General Symptoms.-Sensation of comfortable languor and dispo-
sition to sleep. A fine prickling sensation all over the body. Increased
mental and physical vigor. Tremulous weakness of the whole system.
Great restlessless. Feel weak, nervous. Skin hot and dry, in
morning.
Sleep.-Slept well till 3 A. M., after that very restless. Restless
nights from rheumatic pains. Slept well until 1 A. M., then awoke
* Monthly Hom. Review, vol. X, p. 172.
176
NEW REMEDIES.
with great rumbling in bowels, and a very urgent desire for stool;
stool mostly of water, running a stream from the bowels, a great
quantity but no pain. More sleepy than usual during the day. Sounder
sleep at night. Disposition to sleep in the evening, (primary.)
Sleeplessness at night, from a kind of nervous relaxation. Wakes
frequently during the night. (secondary.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Some eclectic physicians decree the
Caulophyllin to be narcotic, while others, as Coe, deny that it has such
powers. It has a calming effect upon nervous subjects, and the prov-
ings show that it disposes to sleep in healthy subjects. A remedy
may cause sleep, however, indirectly, by acting as a sedative to irri-
tated nerves. Dr. Ludlam reported the following case, illustrative
of the action of Caulophyllin to insomnia. I abridge the case from
my pamphlet on "abortion," page 17. A lady aborted at the third
month; she had terrible floodings, which so shattered her nervous
system as to render her very miserable. Her pulse was feeble,
threadlike, and at times imperceptible; skin cool, extremities, upper
and lower, as well as her features, and cellular tissue generally,
oedematous, and her nerves in the most pitiable condition imaginable;
the most prominent feature of which derangement consisted in com-
plete insomnia. She could not sleep. Night after night passed and
not a wink of sleep All the usual remedies were tried, but without
avail. Apis relieved the oedema, and under occasional doses of Arse-
nicum, her pulse approached a normal state. Upon the recommenda-
tion of Dr. P. H. Hale, I gave her Cauloph. 2. A few doses sufficed
to break the spell, and I have never since failed to procure her the
most refreshing sleep with this agent.
Head. Slight mental exhilaration, swimming in the head, a sort
of vertigo, with dimness of sight. Sensation of fullness of the head
with pressure behind the eyes, and fullness of the temporal arteries.
Dullness of the head. Dull frontal headache, with contracted feeling
of the skin of the forehead. Very hard pain in the forehead, with
sensation therein as if pins were stuck in. By spells a very severe
pain in temples, as if both temples would be crushed together. Ver-
tigo by spells. Drawing pain over left eye.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is useful in rheumatic and neuralgic
headaches, the latter, when dependant upon uterine disorder, or spi-
nal irritation.
Eyes.-Dimness of sight. Pressure behind the eyes; profuse
flow of tears. (2d day,) with dull headache and drawing pains in the
Profuse secretion of tears, with aching in the eyes and sensa-
tion of something under the lids.
nose.
Nose.-Drawing pains in the nose.
Mouth, etc.-Sensation of dryness in the mouth, or as if scalded.
Heat in the mouth and fauces. Distress in the fauces that causes
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
177
frequent inclination to swallow. Teeth all feel sore and elongated.
Tongue coated white.
Combined with equal
CLINICAL OBServations.—King says:
parts of powdered Hydrastis, made into an infusion, and sweetened
with honey, it forms an elegant and effectual wash for apthous sore
mouth and throat." Caulophyllum alone will cure aphthæ of the
mouth, especially in pregnant and nursing women, and even in chil-
dren. A weak solution of the tincture in water, used as a wash and
taken internally, will often prove curative in quite severe cases.
Stomach. Heat in the stomach. Slight nausea. Fullness in the
stomach. Empty eructations. Great thirst. Distress in stomach
and bowels, with drawing in right hypochondrium. Frequent pain in
the stomach and umbilicus. Empty eructations. Canine hunger,
with white coated tongue. Frequent gulping up of very sour, bitter
fluid, with vertigo. Slight burning deep in stomach.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--I have found the Caulophyllum useful
in some of those reflex affections of the stomach occurring in women,
such as spasms, cardialgia, spasmodic vomiting, and excessive nausea
(when attending uterine irritation). King does not mention its use in
gastric affections, nor does any other writer except Dr. Coe, who
asserts that it is an admirable remedy in some forms of dyspepsia,
particularly those cases attended with spasmodic symptoms. When
there is gastric irritability with vomiting of food, it may be employed
with advantage.
Abdomen, etc.-Distention of the abdomen. Fullness of the
abdomen with some tenderness. Rumbling in the bowels. Severe
colicky pains every few minutes in the umbilicus. Distress in stom-
ach and bowels, with drawing in right hypochondrium. Slight dull
pain in umbilicus when moving, relieved by emission of flatus.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS." Combined with drastic purgatives,
such as Aloes or Podophyllum, it prevents tormina better than any
other known drug."—(King.) It is said to relieve attacks of spas-
modic and flatulent colic. Caulophyllum is undoubtedly applicable
when there is spasmodic action of the muscular tissues of the intes-
tines, arising from the irritation of the motor nerves, or from rheu-
matism.
Stool.-Constipation. Stool only every other day. (H.) Normal
but dark stool (second and third day.) Awoke at 1 A. M., with great
rumbling in bowels, and a very urgent desire for stool, which was
mostly water that ran a rapid stream from his bowels; a great quan-
tity, but no pain, (fourth day.) Soft stool, very white, showing great
deficiency of bile, (fifth day.) (B.)
Urinary Organs.-Copious emission of pale, or straw-colored urine.
Slight pain in the neck of the bladder after urinating. Every few
minutes sharp stinging pains in glans penis.
12
178
NEW REMEDIES.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This remedy is recommended in spas-
modic retention of urine, such as occurs in nervous and hysterical
females. Dr. Scudder says he has employed it with advantage in
chronic nephritis, albuminuria, cystitis and urethitis, but we have only
his bald assertion. He gives no cases to substantiate his testimony.
Generative Organs of Women.-Sensation as if the uterus was
congested, with fullness, heaviness and tension in the hypogastric
region. Drawing in the groins-(uterine ligaments.) Menses too
soon-three days. Labor-like pains. Abortion, with little or no
flooding. Intermittent uterine contractions. Relaxation of the os
uteri. Profuse secretion of mucus from the vagina. Increases the
natural pains of labor. Spasmodic pains in the uterus, broad liga-
ments and various portions of the hypogastric region.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It may be interesting to those unac-
quainted with this medicine, to read the statements of medical writers
of the eclectic school concerning it. I quote from the most promin-
ent: "It is principally used as an emmenagogue and parturient,
* a valuable agent in all chronic uterine diseases, appearing
to exert an especial influence upon the uterus, and has been found
serviceable in uterine leucorrhoea, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, etc.
When used for several weeks previous to the parturient period, it is
said to facilitate that process. It acts as an uterine tonic. In the
more common unhealthy condition of this organ and its appendages—
even passive menorrhagia and congested cervix, it is equal to, if not
surpassing, the Cimicifuga."-(King.) Dr. Kindleberger writes to
Dr. King that he has used it with much advantage in after-pains,
menstrual suppression, and in dysmenorrhæa, * * it is far supe-
* *
rior to Ergot, both in its acting more mildly and with more certain
results. In neuralgia and rheumatism of the uterus it has fre-
quently been administered with benefit.
It expedites delivery
in all those cases when the delay is owing to fatigue, debility or want
of uterine energy; the contractions it occasions, more nearly resemble
the natural ones, instead of the continuous, spasmodic contractions
effected by Ergot, * * When there has been a tendency to hæm-
orrhage from relaxation of the muscular fibres of the uterus, after
delivery," it will cause firm contractions, and arrest the bleeding.-
(King's Obstetrics. p. 650). "Amenorrhea-that is-simple amen-
orrhoea is successfully treated with Caulophyllum. If there be hepatic
aberration alternate with Podophyllin; if Anaemia-with Iron. In
dysmenorrhea, it is an admirable remedy, both for the relief of the
present symptoms, and for the radical alteration of the derangement.
It relieves the distress attendant upon dysmenorrhoea, and its con-
tinued use during the inter-menstrual period, and when the menses
are present, with Erigeron, Trillium, or Lycopus. For the relief of
after pains it will be found efficient in a large number of cases.
a parturient,it quiets and harmonizes the action of the uterus, and
the nervous system generally, relieving cramps and other unpleasant
As
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
179
symptoms. (Coe's Conc. Org. Medicines). "We have used it often,
and prior to confinement as a preparatory measure to the important
changes which take place at that time, with great apparent advantage.
In many instances, when the females have been invariably the sub-
jects of tedious and difficult labors, by the use of Caulophyllum for
two or three weeks before confinement, all the anticipated difficulty
vanished, the labors were rapid and easy, and the recovery speedy,
when compared with previous confinements. Although it may be
somewhat difficult to assign a satisfactory reason as to the effects
stated, or in other words, its therapeutic action may be difficult of
explanation, yet the effects have been so apparent, that any one know-
ing the character of different labors, would be forced to ascribe the
different results to the use of this remedy. We have known many
highly intelligent ladies, who, after having used it once, could not be
prevailed upon to dispense with its use in subsequent pregnancies.
It has appeared to us to afford great relief in that restlessness and
disturbed state of the functions which generally obtains in the
advanced stages of pregnancy. It allays false pains, if we can rely
upon the testimony of those who have had the greatest opportunity to
test its virtues."-(Jones & Scudder's Mat. Med.) Bating a little
for the enthusiasm which eclectic physicians have for indigenous rem-
edies, the above is a pretty fair enumeration of the virtues of Caulo-
phyllum.
The testimony of the homopathic school is decidedly in
concurrence with the above, as the following reported cases will show.
My own experience, during the six years which I have used this
remedy, has been such as to entitle me to speak decidedly as to its
curative virtues. A thorough knowledge of the physiology of the
female organs of generation; the pathological changes they undergo,
and the reflex disorders they often give rise to when diseased, is
quite necessary, in order to understand and appreciate the therapeu-
tical powers of this medicine. The uterus, in its healthy condition,
possesses the qualities known as normal tone, contractility, etc. But
when that organ is diseased, we have either atony (arrest of function)
or abnormal irritability, (resulting in painful cramps, contractions,
etc.) These purely functional derangements of the uterus may exist
with or without organic changes in that organ. Caulophyllum causes
primarily, increased action of the uterine-motor nerves. In healthy
conditions of that organ any action beyond the normal contractility,
as to force and period is a diseased state. Abnormal activity of any
organ is disease. The uterus then, when aroused by Caulophyllum,
takes on increased action, which manifests itself in the form of pain-
ful contractions, congestion, undue irritability, and many other condi-
tions of irritation, which are not confined to that organ alone, but
extend to those contiguous and connected. This remedy is therefore
primarily homoeopathic to dysmenorrhæa, uterine cramps, congestion,
spurious labor-pains, abortion, premature labor, after pains, when
these diseases are caused by exaltation of natural function, or hyper-
stimulation. When administered for these conditions, small doses
will be found most applicable, (the 3d or 6th dilution or trit.) Pro
180
NEW REMEDIES.
longed stimulation may wear out the normal irritability of any organ
or tissue; we then have atony, a condition simulating paralysis, or
irritation from atony, which closely simulates the irritation from
hyper-stimulation. These latter conditions are caused by the second-
ary action of Caulophyllum. Hence it may be indicated secondarily
in the above named disorders, from causes opposite to those named in
connection with them, also in such affections as menorrhagia and met-
rorrhagia from deficient contractility, as after abortion and labor;
habitual abortion, from uterine debility, a variety of pains, cramps,
etc., during pregnancy, etc: When administered for its secondary
effects, the doses should be somewhat larger-(the lower dilutions.)
I have not found it as useful in Amenorrhea as many other remedies,
and am of the opinion that it is seldom indicated in that affection,
unless accompanied by spasmodic action, or extreme atony. The fol-
lowing cases, marked "H," were originally published by me in the
N. A. Journal of Homœopathy.
Miss N., aged 17, plethoric, nervous, lymphatic, menses sup-
pressed two and a half months. When I called to see her, found her
in spasms, evidently hysterical, but resembling epiliptiform spasms,
affecting the chest, larynx and uterus. She was unconscious. For
three hours, under the administration of Belladonna, Hyoscyamus and
Lobelia (which latter relieved the spasm of the chest and larynx
somewhat) and even chloroform, and the hot bath-she remained in
those peculiar and frightful spasms. As a last resort, after giving no
medicine for an hour, I gave Caulophyllum one half a grain. In
fifteen minutes the spasms ceased; the patient lay in a stupid condi.
tion, free from pain. In the course of the night the menses came on,
and in a few days she was about the house," (H). The Caulophyllum
was eminently indicated in this case, and it evidently acted as a
prompt curative agent. In my "Monograph on Abortion," page 18,
Dr. R. Ludlam, of Chicago, gives, as follows, his experience with
Caulophyllum in menstrual irregularities.
"Still another indication for the use of this remedy will be found
in menstrual irregularities, occurring subsequent to, and consequent
upon miscarriage. They are frequent and sometimes very perplexing
cases, when neither Pulsatilla, Secale, Sabina or other remedies
appear to be especially indicated, and we have either of the following
symptoms Spasmodic, bearing-down pains, with scanty flow; sympa-
thetic cramps and spasms of neighboring organs, as of the bladder,
rectum and bowels, or, the motor power of the uterus seems almost
entirely gone, and when we may reasonably suppose the menstrual
flow is retarded from a simple lack of the excito-motor force, either in
the fallopian tubes, on the parietes of the uterus itself; the Caulo-
phyllum will afford almost instantaneous relief. In a case of this
kind, post-abortive, when the spasmodic pains were located in the
right lumbar region, occupying a limited space, say about the size of
a silver dollar, and there was almost a total suppression of the cata-
menia, the Caulophyllin, 3d dec. trit., repeated once in three hours,
afforded prompt and permanent relief. We know of no other remedy
which is so efficacious under these circumstances. It seems in general
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
181
practice to be indicated in many cases of suppressio mensium,
approaching dysmenorrhoea in some of its features, being always
accompanied by the above-named characteristic pains and sufferings
of a spasmodic nature. Our experience would render us very loth
to attempt the treatment of these and kindred cases, without a frequent
resort to Caulophyllin."
In Dysmenorrhea, the testimony in its favor is very large.
My correspondence with homoeopathic physicians convinces me
that it is one of the most successful remedies, in that distressing
affection, now in use. It should be given in appropriate doses,
once or twice a day, during the inter-menstrual period, and every
few hours, in the attack. In Menorrhagia, it is indicated for
about the same symptoms as Ergot and Cimicifuga, and under some
circumstances is superior to both. Dr. Williams reports several
interesting cases of flooding after abortion, when ordinary allopathic
and homoeopathic remedies had been used in vain, but were promptly
cured by Caulophyllin. The hemorrhage was passive, had lasted
several weeks, and was probably due to deficient contractility, or defi-
cient involution of the uterine tissues. When similar conditions
obtain after labor, immediately as in post partem hæmorrhage; or
more remotely, as in profuse lochia, and that form which comes on
several weeks after confinement, after every exertion of the patient, I
have found the Caulophyllin as useful as any other medicine. Its
action is not as rapid as Erigeron or Sabina, but more permanent
Caulophyllin will cause abortion, in the later months of pregnancy.
Of this I have conclusive testimony. As a remedy in threatened
abortion it has no superior.
Dr. C. A. Williams found it useful, in connection with Verat. v,
in a case of threatened abortion* : "Mrs. B., in the fourth month of
pregnancy, was attacked, after a hard day's work, with severe pain in
the back and hips, accompanied with violent labor-pains. On my
arrival at the bedside, flooding had set in. The arterial excitement
was very great, and I at once administered Verat. viride, in drop
doses every hour, in alternation with 2 grain doses of Caulophyllin
2d. In a few hours the pulse became normal, the pains abated and
hæmorrhage ceased. The Caulophyllin was continued several days,
every three hours. The patient once had a premature labor in the
eighth month. To prevent such an occurrence, Helonin 2, was pre-
scribed, 2 grains three times a day. She continued well during her
full time and was delivered of twins."
In inevitable abortion Dr Williams found it useful. " Mrs. C.,
during her third month of pregnancy was was seized with violent
flooding, which continued four days, accompanied with irregular
wrangling pains. Sabina and other remedies failed to relieve the
pain or hæmorrhage. The patient was losing strength rapidly, and
something prompt in its action was demanded. Caulophyllin th
was prescribed, 2 grains every hour. This at first produced some
nausea, but in a short time the pains became regular, and in a few
* Medical Investigator, vol. 11, p. 16.
182
NEW REMEDIES
hours she aborted. The uterus contracted properly and the patient
had a rapid convalescence."
"Mrs. S. has had several abortions at about the third month.
Each preceded for a week or more by a sensation of weight and pres-
sure in the pelvis. When I saw her, labor-like pains had already set
in, and the os uteri was partly open. Gave Caulophyllum first, one
drop every half hour. In a few hours the pains abated. She has
since given birth at full term to a healthy child," (H.) In uterine
pains during pregnancy, "false pains," etc., there is no remedy upon
which we can rely with more confidence than Caulophyllin. It has
never failed to give relief, in my practice, and its effects are so appa-
rent that my patients are unanimous in its praise. I usually give the
2d decimal trit. every three or six hours, as the case demands. It is
equally useful in too severe and spasmodic pain occuring during partu-
rition, also in deficient or absent labor pains. In the former case,
however, it should not be administered lower than the 3d, and even
the 30th might be efficacious; but in the latter condition the one-tenth
trit. frequently repeated, is the most advisable.
For the prevention of premature labor no remedy in the materia
medica equals the Caulophyllum. Since the appearance of the first
edition of this work, I have received a large amount of reliable testi-
mony from my colleagues in relation to its powers in this direction.
U
Three cases occurring in my own practice are sufficiently impor-
tant to be mentioned: (1.) Mrs. B., pregnant with her third child.
The first child was born at six months, and lived but a few days.
The second child was born at seven months, and although very sickly,
is now living. I was applied to, about the sixth month, for the relief
of pains in the back and loins, which threatened a premature labor.
I prescribed Caulophyllin, five drops of the th every two hours,
and rest in bed. In twelve hours the pains had disappeard. She
was ordered to continue the medicine three times daily. She contin-
ued well until the expiration of the seventh month, when severe pains
came on, but they were controlled by the Caulophyllum, as before.
The remedy was continued. Ca the eighth month labor pains again
appeared, and this time it took two days to arrest them. The medi-
cine was still continued in doses of 10 drops, two or three times a
day, until the end of the full term of pregnancy, when, after a natu-
ral and easy labor, she was delivered of a large and heavy male child.
(2) Mrs. C. had two premature labors at the eighth month, with
convulsions and flooding. The child had to be removed with the
forceps. Three weeks before the eighth month of her third preg-
nancy, the Caulophyllum was ordered, ten drops of the mother tinc-
ture thrice daily. She passed over the dreaded period with but
little pain, and at the end of the ninth month was delivered, naturally,
of a healthy child.
(3.) Mrs. D. usually suffered severely during the last three weeks
of pregnancy, with constant false pains, day and night, so as to deprive
her of her rest and sleep; Her labors had usually lasted three and
four days. At the beginning of the ninth month, the Caulophyllum
was given, as in the last case. The false pains appeared, but with
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
183
only half their accustomed severity. She would have intervals of
several days without pain. At full time she was taken in labor, which
only lasted thirty hours. I think the use of the medicine should
have been commenced several weeks sooner.
Deficient Labor.-Mrs. E., a primipara, had been in labor twenty-
four hours-a midwife attending her. I found the os uteri about the
size of half a dollar, (the membranes had broken during the first
hours of pain,) hard, rigid and unyielding, vagina dry, the pains fre-
quent and spasmodic. Gave Belladonna and Pulsatilla and ordered
warm fomentations. Twelve hours afterwards there was scarce any
alteration in the condition of the patient, except that she had some
fever, and was a little delirious. Gave Aconite, 1st. Six hours of
agonizing pain and no progress; by auscultation I discovered the
child to be dead; it was alive twelve hours before. I began to fear
for my patient. Ergot was plainly inadmissible owing to the yet rigid
condition of the os. I therefore gave Caulophyllin, one half grain
every 15 minutes. In one hour the os uteri had become soft and
dilatable, the vagina relaxed and moist; fever abated, moist skin,
pains less agonizing, but strong and expulsive, and in one hour more
she was delivered of a dead child, weighing 101 lbs. The mother
had a good recovery. I do not think any other medicine could have
produced so favorable a change in so brief a time. As an agent for
inducing premature labor, after rupturing the membranes, it is inval-
uable. It is always safer, and in many cases superior, to Ergot," (H.)
The chief danger, both to mother and child, when Ergot is adminis-
tered, is the powerful continuous contraction which it causes. It has
been the cause of rupture of the uterus and perineum, and death of
the foetus by pressure on the cord, etc. These casualties are avoided
by giving Caulophyllin. In suppression of the lochia, with symptoms
simulating inflammation, such as pain, cramps, distention, and some
tenderness, the Caulophyllin, aided by warm fomentations of hops,
or polygonum hydropiper will restore the discharge in a short
time.
*
In protracted lochia this remedy has been found curative. Dr.
Krebbs, of Boston, reports a case of "a lady who had three months
before a premature delivery, and was still annoyed by a continued
lochial discharge, or, as she called it, "hæmorrhage from the womb.”
She had to keep more or less the recumbent position, and could not
attend to her ordinary duties. Her "regular" doctor had made her
swallow iron and all kinds of nauseous drugs, until she got tired of
him and his medicines. Remembering your statement in " New
Provings" of the efficacy of Caulophyllum in such affections, I gave
one drop of the 3d twice a day in sugar of milk. In one week she
informed me the discharge had commenced to decrease on the next
day, and disappeared on the third. Two months afterwards the patient
was well."
In the above case the kind of hemorrhage is well described for
which this remedy is specific, namely: a passive hæmorrhage-an
*Med. Investigator, vol. 11, p 112.
184
NEW REMEDIES.
ษ
oozing from the lax uterine vessels, which require the action of a
remedy which will bring back the tone and vitality of the uterine
tissues.
To sum up the curative properties of this medicine-I do not
doubt but it is homoeopathic, primarily or secondarily, to all the mor-
bid states mentioned by eclectic authors. It only needs an exhaustive
proving to establish the special indications for its use. I can bear
testimony to its value as a preparatory remedy, in case of difficult
labor. My experience with it in such cases has been very satis-
factory.
Caulophyllin in Paraplegia.--During the session of the Western
Institute of Homœopathy, held in Chicago, May, 1864, Dr. Burbank,
of Illinois, related a remarkable case of Paraplegia which he cured
with this remedy. The patient was a middle-aged lady. On the sixth
day after her confinement she was attacked with metritis-so called
by her allopathic physician. Under the usual treatment of the old
school, the affection apparently subsided, but left her nearly com-
pletely paraplegic. There was partial loss of sensation, and complete
loss of motion; could not move the limbs in bed, or stand upon them.
There was considerable emaciation, anæmia, and general debility.
When Dr. B. first saw the case, two years had elapsed since the seiz-
ure, and she was growing worse. After consultation with some of
the most eminent physicians of Chicago, he gave her Cocculus, Nux
vom., Citrate of Iron and Strychnia, and several other medicines.
Upon examining the uterus it was found retroverted, congested and
enlarged. The patient was put upon the use of Caulophyllin 2d, and
its use was persisted in until the paraplegia was cured. Improve-
ment set in soon after taking the medicine, and in a few weeks she
was able to move her lower extremities, and now-six months after
the commencement of the treatment-is as well as ever. The uterus
even, has assumed its normal position and condition. This case is
one that demands our careful consideration. It is probable that real
metritis never existed at all. My impression is that it was originally
a case of retroversion of the uterus, existing before the process of
involution had taken place. After the retroversion, a certain degree
of inflammation may have existed; the process of involution was
arrested, and the uterus remained in a congested or engorged condi-
tion. The case was one of reflex paraplegia, and the abnormal state
of the uterus its real cause. Such being the case Nux vom., and
the other remedies given, were not appropriate, but Caulophyllin,
by acting in a specific manner upon the uterus, restored it to a normal
state, and the paraplegia disappeared of itself. I predict that this rem-
edy will be found a very useful one in many cases of paralysis of the
lower extremities.
tion.
Retroversion of the uterus is often a complication or result of abor-
When this displacement occurs the most intense spasmodic
uterine pains set in. The uterus attempts in vain to expel the pla-
centa, and then pains will continue and increase in severity until the
organ is placed in normal position, or some powerful palliative is used.
In a case of this character I found the patient suffering the most
1
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES.
185
agonizing pains, attended with cramps in the legs. The uterus could
not be replaced with the hand, and not having a sound with me, I left
Caulophyllum, ten drops of the mother tincture, to be taken every
fifteen minutes. No relief having been obtained from six doses, the
patient, on her own responsibility, swallowed a teaspoonful of the
medicine. In twenty minutes the pains ceased and did not return
for three hours, at which time the uterus was placed in situ by the
sound, and kept there with a curved elastic pessary until the placenta
was expelled. The action of the medicine on the spinal cord, stilling
the uterine spasms, is worthy of further investigation.
Dr. Helmuth informs me that he has used the Caulophyllin sục-
cessfully for the removal of those discolorations of the skin of the
face, common in women with menstrual irregularities or uterine dis-
ease. These spots usually appear on the forehead, and are commonly
called "moth." For this symptom Sepia is usually recommended in
the books, but Dr. Helmuth did not find it as useful in such cases
as the Caulophyllin. This goes to show that the remedy has a sphere
of action embracing many of those reflex symptoms having a uterine
origin.
Male Organs of Generation.-Stinging pains in glan penis
This remedy does not appear to have been used in any of the diseases
of the male genital organs. I can only find it recommended in one
disorder-gonorrhea. But a remedy capable of affecting so pro-
foundly the sexual organs of one sex, must assuredly affect those of
the other. I predict that it will sometimes be found useful in some
diseases of the testes, etc. Even if the Caulophyllin, like Ergot,
acts upon these organs through the spinal cord, it would not affect
the above conclusions.
Respiratory Organs.-No chest symptoms have been elicited in
any of the fragmentary provings. It may prove useful in certain
spasmodic affections of the throacic organs, idiopathic or reflex, such
as whooping cough, hiccough, asthma, spasms of the chest and lungs,
and even cardiac derangements.
Back.-Dull pain in lumbar region. Slight backache. Severe
drawing pain in the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle, that draws the
head to the left side.
Upper Extremities.-Elbows and wrists ache. Constant flying
pains in arms and legs, first in one part then in another, remaining
only two or three minutes at a time in a place. Severe drawing pains
in the joints af the arms and legs, also in wrists and fingers. Shut-
ting the hand produces severe cutting pains in the second joints of
all the fingers; they are very stiff. Severe pain in the finger joints,
they look red and are very stiff; closing the hand is painful. (The
rheumatic pains in the hands and fingers occurred every day.)
186
NEW REMEDIES.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. R. Ludlam reports two cases of
inflammatory rheumatism of the joints of the hands, cured rapidly
with Caulophyllum.
Lower Extremities.-Drawing pains in the thighs, knees, legs,
ankles and toes. Very sharp pains in left knee joint, inside. Flying
pain in legs. Severe drawing pains in inside of left thigh. Ankle
and toes of left foot are very painful. Walking produces severe pains
in metatarsal bones. Knees feel very weak when walking. All his
joints crack frequently when walking and turning. Pain in feet and
toes, worse at night. (These pains occurred every day of the
provings.)
CERASUS VIRGINIANA.
(Choke Cherry)
ANALOGUES.-(1.) Of the tincture and trituration-Aletris, Chel
ona, China, Cornus, Frasera, Helonias, Hydrastis, Ignatia, Nux
vom., Populus. (2.) Of the infusion, Syrup, and Fluid Extract-Ac
idum hydrocyanicum, Digitalis, Laurocerasus, Lycopus vir., Pru-
nus vir.
BOTANICAL HISTORY.-This is a small tree or shrub, from five to
twenty feet high, growing in woods and hedges. Leaves smooth, oval,
or obovate, short pointed, thin, not shining, with sharp subulate ser-
ratures, veins bearded on each side towards the base; petiole with two
glands. The flowers are in short, loose and spreading racemes; petals
orbicular, white. Bark grayish. Leaves two to three inches long.
Flowers appearing in May. The fruit is abundant, of a dark red color,
very astringent to the taste, but not disagreeable.
Until quite lately the bark of this tree has been used indiscrim-
inately with the bark of the Prunus virginiana, or wild cherry.
Allopathic authorities do not now admit any essential difference.
Eclectics, however, seem to think the Choke-cherry to possess greater
"tonic and anti-periodic" powers. Dr. Chapman, an expert chemist,
informs me that it contains a larger amount of phloridzin (supposed
to be the tonic principle) than the wild cherry, and a less quantity of
the emulsin and amygdalin, which change to hydrocyanic acid upon
the application of water or on distillation. So while the Cerasus con-
tains more of the " tonic," it has less of the "sedative" principle.
At any rate no homoeopathist can conscientiously substitute one for
the other species of Cerasus, (for properly the Wild-Cherry is the
Cerasus serotina.
HOMEOPATHIC OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-In directing the proper
preparations to be used in homoeopathic practice, a difficulty meets us
at the outset, namely: that no others are recognized with us except
the tincture and trituration. Now the bark of the genus Cerasus
CERASUS VIRGINIANA.
187
does not impart all its medicinal qualities to alcohol, nor does the
most important active principle (hydrocyanic acid) pre-exist in the
bark, but is found by the decomposition of its constituents in water.
Chemists tell us that in the bark the emulsin and amygdalin exist in
distinct cells, and have no means of acting on each other, but when
bruised in water, both dissolve, and decomposition immediately occurs.
Another active principle phloridzin, is soluble in alcohol, and also in
water.
Tinctures, therefore, of the Cerasus are inadmissible, as only con-
taining a part of its medicinal principles.
Triturations, while containing all the constituents of the bark,
would be uncertain preparations. If taken dry, upon the tongue, in
the usual manner, the saliva would not permit the necessary changes
to take place, neither would they occur readily in the stomach. The
dry powder would have to remain suspended in water some time
before its administration.
It is evident that a preparation to be useful should be prepared
upon scientific principles. By universal consent the allopathic school
decide upon the following:
(1.) The Cold Infusion.-Half an ounce of the inner bark to a
pint of water is the usual proportion. It is best prepared by perco-
Îation, in the following manner: The dry bark, coarsely powdered,
should be introduced into a common funnel, then packed somewhat
coarsely, and the water poured upon it, the point of the funnel being
put into the mouth of a glass decanter. After the water has passed
it should be poured back into the funnel and so repeated until it
acquires the color of Maderia wine. When made from the fresh bark,
double the quantity may be used to the same amount of water.
usual dose of this is two fluid ounces three or four times a day. I
have prescribed it in doses of a tablespoonful to adults every two or
four hours, when indicated, and often with excellent curative effect.
The
(2.) Syrup.—This is a very pleasant and reliable preparation, and
the homeopathist cannot oppose it on any reasonable ground. If
Cerasus is indicated in diseases, and will cure, it does not matter in
what form we use it. The dose may be graduated according to the
peculiar belief of the practitioner, and the syrup will still be unob-
jectionable. It is made by macerating four ounces of the powdered,
or eight ounces of the fresh bark, in twelve fluid ounces of water for
two days, placing the mixture in a percolator, returning the fluid that
filters through until it comes away clear, displacing with an additional
quantity of water till twelve ounces of infusion are obtained, then
making this into syrup with twelve ounces of sugar. The dose of this
may vary from a single drop to a teaspoonful.
Fluid Extract.-Pharmaceutists assert that this preparation can
be made in such a manner as to retain all the constituent elements of
the bark, and impart their full medicinal effects to the system. Stille,
Wood, Lee and King seem to have confidence in it. We might adopt
it as the officinal fluid preparation, because Cerasus is one of those
remedies which will probably be found most useful in the lowest dilu-
188
NEW REMEDIES.
tions, or mother preparation. The dose may vary from one drop to
one drachm.
Cerasin.—There is a powder sold under this name, and manufac-
tured by Keith & Co. For obvious reasóns it is highly recommended
by Dr. Coe. It is, however, a vile preparation, not as reliable as the
powdered bark, and besides, contains considerable chloride of soda.
All the effects said to be obtained from it can be obtained from the
dried bark.
[I would not be understood as prohibiting the use of the tinc-
ture. But if the tincture is used, the indications for its use
should be based upon a proving or provings with tinctures. The
same may be said concerning the triturations. From what we know
of the chemical character of the bark, it is manifest that provings
made with the tincture would be no guide to the administration of the
infusion, syrup or fluid extract; and per contra, provings made with
the latter preparations would give no reliable indications for the use
of the tinctures or triturations.
In the list of analogues above I have specified those remedies
which appear to be allied to the tinctures, and those related to the
infusion, etc.]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The older authors all ignore any special men-
tion of the Cerasus. They content themselves with placing it in the
same catagory with the Prunus virginiana, with the remark that its
medicinal powers are essentially the same. The only writers who do
make special mention are Dr. Hollembaek,* Prof. of Materia Medica
in the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Coe.
MEDICAL EFFECTS.-Dr. Hollembaek says: "The properties and
therapeutic action of the Choke-cherry are not thoroughly understood.
It possesses tonic, astringent and anti-periodic properties, and should
be employed in form of decoction, syrup, or the active principles of
the bark. It is probable that further investigations will prove this
article to be a greater remedial agent than the Wild-cherry."
Dr. Coe says it (i. e. Cerasus,) is “tonic, anti-periodic, diaphoretic,
febrifuge, anti-spasmodic, and slightly astringent." This assertion
must be taken cum grano salis. In reviewing its virtues he recom-
mends it for the following affections:
n
Fevers." It supplies," he says, "a necessity long felt by practi-
tioners of a substitute for Quinine. We do not offer it as a complete
substitute for Quinine, but as its equivalent in a majority of cases,
and as a competent substitute when the latter is contra-indicated.
our own practice we have not prescribed Quinine for the past two
years, (?) having relied upon the Cerasin, in connection with appro-
priate auxiliary remedies, in the treatment of intermittent forms of
disease, and with invariable success." (The Italics are my own.)
* Mat. Med., page 309.
CERASUS VIRGINIANA
189
What his auxiliary measures are it may be interesting to know.
We can get some idea by quoting a case and its treatment from his
work :
The first case in practice," he says, "in which we had occasion
to try, was of the double quotidian type, and of eighteen month's dura-
tion. We premised our treatment by the exhibition of the following
powder:
Mix.
R. Podophyllin, gr. j.
Gelsemin., gr. ss.
Asclepin, gr. ij.
"This powder was administered in the evening, during the febrile
paroxysm, and the use of the Cerasin was commenced next morning,
in doses of about ten grains, repeated once in three hours, and so con-
tinued for forty-eight hours longer. The dose was then diminished
to about five grains, at which quantity it was continued for a few days
longer, and such was the success of the treatment that not a single
paroxysm of the disease was experienced from the time of taking the
first dose, and the patient remains well to the present time, some two
years having elapsed."
And this he calls a cure with Cerasin! As a clinical report rela-
ting to Cerasin it is entirely worthless. He did not wait to see what
the effect of his compound prescription would be. Each ingredient
of the prescription is capable of curing a double-quotidian under cer-
tain circumstances. The Gelseminum, in particular, has cured many
such cases in my practice, and in that of other homoeopathists, There
is not the least foundation for the belief that Cerasin had anything
to do with the cure of this patient. Dr. Coe gives a case of "invete-
rate quotidian" ague: "The patient experienced severe pain in the
head upon the approach of every chill, together with irritability of
the stomach, nausea, griping pain in the bowels, and a troublesome
diarrhoea. The Cerasin accomplished a cure in three days."
This case would be of value if we could be sure that "auxiliary
measures" were not adopted as in the former case. He further
says:
"We have employed the Cerasin in many chronic cases with
entire success.
We remember one case, a lady, who had been afflicted
with chills and fever eight months out of twelve, for four years. The
Cerasin, in connection with Podophyllin, effected a permanent cure."
But which cured?
Dr. Coe asserts that he has found this medicine useful in "remit-
tent, typhoid and other fevers," in the "convalescing stages of acute
R
190
NEW REMEDIES.
diseases, and is useful for giving tone to the stomach and bowels after
attacks of dysentery, diarrhoea and cholera infantum."
Dyspepsia, with tendency to acidification of food. In this con-
dition Dr. Coe says, "five to ten grains, administered in water, will
generally give prompt relief, and also in that distressing symptom
known as heartburn.
Spermatorrhea. In this disorder it is recommended, but only
after Gelseminum has arrested the emissions. It is also claimed to
be useful in chronic coughs, general debility, night sweats, defective
circulation, passive hæmorrhages, and even chronic herpes, and other
eruptions, also chorca, hysteria, convulsions, indicating an anti-
spasmodic and anti-periodic.'"
Dr. Coe claims that his experience was gained with the use of the
concentrated principle, Cerasin. Granting that his clinical testi-
mony is reliable, it proves that in Cerasin are only a few of the con-
stituent principles of the Choke-cherry, namely: the so-called tonic
principle, the astringent, etc. The "sedative" principle depending
on hydrocyanic acid, and probably other specific dynamic powers, are
lost in the preparation of the article. The alleged virtues of Cerasin
as an "anti-spasmodic" I consider a mere fancy. My experience in
its use is very limited. I once tried it in several cases of intermit-
tent but found it inert, even in large doses. The tincture would
doubtless fulfill all Dr. Coe's indications, if such indications, in the
absence of a proving, are of any value.
CHELONE GLABRA.
(Balmony)
ANALOGUES.-Hydrastis, China, Leptandria, Helonias, Cornus,
Populus, Aletris, Aloes, Muriatic acid, and Phosphoric acid.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant, likewise known by the
names of Snakehead, Turtle-bloom, Turtlehead, Saltt-rheum weed, etc.,
is a herbaceous plant, with a perennial root, and erect, somewhat
quadrangular, branching stems, from two to four feet high. The
leaves are opposite, smooth, oblong, lanceolate, acuminate, serrate,
short petioled, and of a dark shining green above. The flowers are
large, inodorous, terminal in a dense short spike, somewhat resem-
bling the head of a tortoise; each flower sessile and furnished with
three ovate, acute and entire bracts.
tinged with red or purple, ventricose,
lipped, the lower lip bearded within.
Corolla ringent, white, often
convex above, five lobed, two-
Calyx with five unequal imbri-
}

CHELONE GLABRA.
(Balmony.)
!
1
e.
CHELONE GLABRA
191
cated segments, oblong and obtuse. Stamens didynamous, with
wooly anthers, and a short sterile, hairy filament. Ovary ovate, with
long excert styles, bending downward. Capsule oval, two-celled, two-
valved, with numerous small winged seeds, with membranaceous
margins.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This valuable medicinal plant is found in the
United States in wet situations, and blossoms from July till late in
the autumn; the flowers are large and ornamental, varying in color,
in the numerous varieties, from pure white to purplish, and resemble
in form the head of a snake or turtle. The leaves are exceedingly
bitter, but inodorous, and communicate their properties to both water
and alcohol.
Rafinesque, who first introduced the Chelone into the materia
medica, says there are seven varieties, (not species,) which differ in
the form of the leaves and color of the flowers, but not in their medi-
cinal effects. He quotes a Dr. Lawrence, of New Lebanon, to whom
he was indebted for information relative to its uses. Dr. L. got his
knowledge from the Indians.
PROPERTIES AN USES." Tonic, cathartic and anthelmintic.
Especially valuable in jaundice and hepatic diseases, likewise for the
removal of worms, o: which it may be used in powder or decoction,
internally, and also in injection.
Used as a tonic in small doses, dyspepsia, debility of the diges-
ive organs, and during convalescence from febrile and inflammatory
diseases. Recommended in form of ointment as an application to
painful and inflamed tumors, irritable and painful ulcers, inflamed
breasts, piles, etc. Dose of the powder one drachm; of the tincture
one or two fluidrachms; of the decoction, one or two more fluid
ounces." (King.)
"They are powerfully tonic, cathartic, hepatic, and anti-herpetic.
The whole plant is used, but strictly the leaves; they are extremely
bitter, one of the strongest of our bitters, without any aromatic smell,
and very little astringency. I have analyzed and made many experi-
ments with them. Their tincture becomes black, and the use of it
dyes the urine of the same color. It contains gallic-acid, a peculiar
resinous substance, soluble in water and alcohol, similar to picrine
and aloes, of a black color and very bitter taste. It is useful in
many diseases, fevers, jaundice, hepatitis, eruptions of the skin. In
small doses it is laxative, but in full doses it purges the bile and
cleans the system of the morbid or superfluous bile, removing the
yellowness of the skin in jaundice and liver diseases." (Rafinesque.)
"The Chelone is tonic, stomachic, laxative, anthelmintic, and
hepatic. * * * One of the mildest, purest and most congenial
tonics and stomachic agents in the materia medica. It is usually
192
NEW REMEDIES.
acceptable to the stomach. Exceedingly valuable in anorexia, lan-
guid or atonic states of the digestive organs. * * In cases of con.
firmed dyspepsia, especially if attended with torpidity of the bowels,
it answers an admirable purpose. * * In the convalescence of
acute diseases, as those of a febrile or inflammatory character, after
the excitement has subsided, and the functions of the different organs.
are slowly recovering from an atonic state and returning to a normal
condition, no article will be found superior to the Chelone in resto-
ring the tone and lost energies of the organs." (Scudder.)
Dr. Scudder does not consider it a "cholagogue" or an alterant,"
but believes it cures hepatic and cutaneous diseases by virtue of its
tonic" properties.
Dr. Smith, (allopathic,) writing of its powers as a vermifuge, says:
"I think it has no superior, rarely failing to expel worms." He
advises it to be given in infusion, followed by a purge. Other writers
speak of it, not only as a vermifuge, but as a prophylactic against
worms.
((
*
Dr. Coe writes: Chelonin is of especial value in the treatment
of hepatic disorders. * In the cure of jaundice it is of eminent
service." He pronounces it a special tonic to the digestive organs,
and as curative in dyspepsia, constipation, debility and helminthiasis.
I have quoted freely from non-homœopathic sources in order that
the physician may judge for himself whether the remedy is worthy a
proving or an empirical trial in practice.
RESUME.
Although we have no pathogenesis of the Chelone, instances may
arise in which we may prescribe it with benefit. There are cases in
which the analogues mentioned above may, owing to some idiosyncrasy
of the patient, fail to act beneficially. In such cases we may empiri-
cally prescribe this remedy.
From the testimony above quoted it seems to be useful,
(a.) In debility, general or local; from loss of tone in the diges-
tive organs or liver, or from exhausting diseases. For these condi
tions we are too prone to prescribe China in a routine way, without
comparing its special indications, when Chelone or its congeners
would be better.
(b.) In jaundice, where it acts, probably not after the manner of
Mercury, Iris or Podophyllum, but as China, Leptandria or Aloes
does.
(c.) In helminthiasis, not as a special poison to the intestinal para_
sites, but by removing the disordered condition of the digestive
CHELONE GLABRA.
193
organs, which brought them into existence or activity. We find
China, Helonias, Ferrum, and Muriatic acid useful in just such cases.
If we wish to act upon the worms themselves, we must use Santonine
or Chenopodium in material doses, or if the symptoms correspond
the latter will cure in dynamic quantities.
ADDENDA.
Dr. A. R. Ball,* writes as follows concerning the Chelone glabra:
"I have used it in decoction and tincture, in large and small doses,
with great satisfaction to myself as well as to my patients. In the
so called Quinine-cachexia, in doses of from five to ten drops of the
tincture, three times a day, it has proved to be almost a specific in
my hands, never having failed but once in over twenty-five cases. I
have no hesitation in recommending this remedy to the profession, in
hopes that in abler hands it may become more useful.
In October, 1865, Dr. A. G. Garnsey, of Ill., sent me a specimen
of a plant, which he informed me was much used by the country
people as a remedy for intermittents. He stated that he had known
it to effect cures of severe and obstinate cases, which had resisted
the remedies of both schools. An examination of the plant proved
it to be the Chelone glabra. It is called by the people the "Quinine
plant," probably on account of its resemblance in taste and remedial
effects.
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA,
(Pipsissewa.)
ANALOGUES.-Copavia, Erigeron, Eupat. purpureum, Galium,
Hamamelis, Mitchella, Uva ursi.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-The Pipsissewa is a small evergreen
plant, with a perennial, creeping, yellowish root, (rhizoma,) which
gives rise to several simple, erect, or semi-procumbent stems, from
four to eight inches in height, and ligneous at their base. The leaves
are wedge-shaped, somewhat lanceolate, serrate, coriaceous, smooth,
of a shining sap-green color on their upper surface, paler beneath,
and supported on short footstalks, in irregular whorls, of which there
are usually two on the same stem. The flowers are disposed in a
small terminal corymb, and stand upon nodding peduncles. The
calyx is small and divided at its border into five teeth or segments.
The corolla is composed of five roundish concave, spreading petals,
which are of a white color, tinged with red, and exhale an agreeable
* Amer. Hom. Observer, vol. 11, page 327.
13
191
NEW REMEDIES.
odor. The stamens are ten, with filaments shorter than the petals,
and with large nodding bifurcated, purple anthers. The germ is glo-
bular and depressed, supporting a thick and apparently sessile stigma,
the style being short and inversed in the germ. The seeds are nume-
rous, linear, chaffy, and enclosed in a roundish, depressed, five celled,
five valved calyx, having the persistent calyx at the base.
This humble but beautiful evergreen is a native of the northern
latitudes of America, Europe and Asia. It is found in all parts of
the United States, and extends even to the Pacific ocean.
It grows
under the shade of woods, and prefers a loose sandy soil, enriched by
decaying leaves. The flowers appear in June and July. All parts
of the plant are endowed with active properties. The leaves and
stems only are kept in the shops. The plant should be gathered in
July, and the homoeopathic pharmaceutist should prepare his tincture
from the leaves, stems and roots. When fresh and bruised the plant
exhales a peculiar odor. The taste of the leaves is pleasantly bitter,
astringent and sweetish, that of the stems and root unites with these
qualities a considerable degree of pungency. Boiling water extracts
the active properties of the plant, which are also imparted to alcohol.
The constituents, so far as ascertained, are "bitter extractive, tan-
nin, resin, gum, lignin, and saline matters." The peculiar active
principle has not yet been perfectly isolated, though it probably exists.
in the substance called bitter extractive. A preparation called Chim-
aphillin is sold as the active principle, but cannot be considered as
such, much less can it be said to contain all the medicinal properties
of the plant.
The "saline matters" probably consist of sulphur, the phosphates,
etc., each of which are powerful curative agents. King says the
plant contains "an acrid and volatile principle, and saline substances."
This volatile principle may escape the chemist, and thus, will be lost
one of its curative principles. The great reputation which this plant
has in chronic scrofulous affections may be due to the existence of
anti-psoric constituents residing in it. (See remarks on Rumex
crispus.)
This plant is known by various common names besides the Pipsis-
sewa, such as Wintergreen, Ground Holly, Prince's Pine, King-cure,
etc. Rafinesque calls it Psiseva, and says the French in Canada
designate it as Paigne, and herbe a pisser. The genuine name is from
two Greek words, meaning winter and a friend.
The Chimaphila maculata is the only other species of this genus
found in the United States, to which it is exclusively indigenous.
The C. maculata, or spotted wintergreen, is distinguished from the
C. umbellata in the character of its leaves chiefly. It is a smaller
plant, only three to six inches high. It has but one to five flowers.
(the C. umbellata has four to five.) The leaves are lanceolate,
rounded at the base, where they are broader than near the summit,
and of a deep olive-green color, veined with greenish white. (The
leaves of the C. umbellata are broader near the summit, gradually
narrowing to the base, and of a uniform shining green.) In drying
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA.
195
with exposure to the light, the color fades very much, though it still
retains a greenish hue.
The C. maculata is said by allopathic and eclectic writers to
possess identical or very similar properties to the C. umbellata. It is
noteworthy that while these writers consider the latter the officinal
plant, the "botanics" give that position to the former, or American
species. Rafinesque does this, and gives a cut of the C. maculata.
Howard, Beach and Smith do the same. The first named, however,
describes the C. umbellata, while his cut represents the former.
Rafinesque says "both species have the same properties," and "the
C. maculata has been found almost equal to the C. umbellata."
Schoepf states that the C. maculata is used in intermittents in Penn-
sylvania.
It is plain from the statements and opinions of all American wri-
ters that the two species are used indiscriminately. From an exam-
ination of the plant sold in the shops I am satisfied that the two are
gathered and mixed, and it is more than probable that all the tinc-
ture now in use is made from a mixture of both species. I hoped to
be able to present in this edition a proving of each species, but I was
not able to procure the plant unmixed, or any tincture from one spe-
cies exclusively. I hope some of my colleagues will collect and
prove, and use the C. maculata, or both separately, in order that we
may know their differential qualities.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-(1.) Tincture of the whole plant. (2.)
Dilutions and triturations of the tincture. (3.) Infusion. [In some
cases it may be proper and more convenient to use an infusion,
especially in dropsy and urinary affections. One drachm of the plant
to a pint of hot water. A teaspoonful of this will be about equiva-
lent to a drop of the first dilution. The allopathic formula is one
ounce to two pints of water. Half of this is directed to be taken
each day. This quantlty is unnecessarily large if the plant is fresh.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-In Europe the C. umbellata has been largely
made use of in domestic and regular practice. In this country both
species were employed by the aborigines in various complaints,
especially scrofula, rheumatism and nephritic affections. From their
hands they passed into those of the European settlers, and were
popular remedies before they were adopted by the profession. The
first written treatise on the remedy was the thesis of Dr. Mitchell,
published in the year 1803.* This was followed, (1814,) by the paper
of Dr. Somerville. By this writer it was highly recommended as a
remedy in dropsy.
General Properties.-Wood (Therapeutics, vol. 1, p. 133), says:
"The fresh leaves Bruised and applied to the skin, are said to be
rubefacient and even vesicating. Internally they are mildly astrin-
gent and tonic, with the property of somewhat increasing the secre-
tion of urine, to which they probably impart some degree of remedial
* Medical Botany, 1828.
† London Medico-Chir. Trans., vol. 5.
196
NEW REMEDIES.
""
power. It is, I think, scarcely doubtful that their peculiar active
principle, through which they stimulate the kidneys, passes off, either
unchanged or changed, with the urine." Pipsissiwa was much
employed by the aborigines of this country, to whom it owes the
name by which it is now generally designated. From the Indians
the medicine passed into popular use, whence it was adopted by the
profession. It was used chiefly in scrofula, rheumatism and affections
of the kidneys and urinary passages. King says it is diuretic, tonic
alterative and astringent. Jones & Scudder decree it to be diuretic,
tonic, astringent, diaphoretic and alterative. Lee, Coe, and other
allopathic and eclectic writers entertain similar views.
General Therapeutic Effects.-It has been found curative in
chronic diseases, among which is scrofula. Prof. Wood says: "In
scrofula it is, I think, a valuable remedy. The late Dr. Joseph Parish
used it very extensively in this affection, and had great confidence in
its powers. I have myself been in the habit of employing it in cases
of external scrofula during the whole period of my practice, and have
found few remedies which have appeared to me more efficacious.
* * It has seemed to me to exercise a favorably alterative influ-
ence in scrofula, independently of its astringency and tonic power;
but it is extremely difficult to discriminate, in affections of this kind,
between the course of nature and the effects of remedies, so that it is
proper to speak of the latter with some reserve. Fully aware of the
necessity of this caution, I am still of opinion, as the result of con-
siderable experience, that Pipsissiwa deserves to rank next to cod-liver
oil, and the preparations of Iodine and Iron, in the treatment of scrof
ula. In order that its full effects may be obtained, it should be long
continued, with interruptions now and then should any considerable
degree of fever supervene (?). In cases attended with ulcers of an
indolent and flabby character, it may be used with advantage as a
wash." These are the deliberate statements of one of the best authors
in the allopathic school, and are entitled to some weight. They should
stimulate us to make a thorough proving of this plant. It may become
a valuable anti-psoric. Other writers give their testimony in its favor
in scrofula. Prof. Lee quotes Wood, expressing his "entire confi-
dence in the opinions so strongly set forth." He has advised this
remedy for a long time in the same class of cases, both in city and
country practice, and with marked success: "It is a tonic-astringent
of peculiar efficacy in the whole class of cachexia." "In scrofula it
has proved eminently useful, and with some practitioners is held in
very high repute in the various forms of this disease, both before and
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA.
197
after ulceration. Some have thought it possessed of specific powers,
and hence it has acquired the title in some parts of the country, of
the 'King's Cure.' Dr. Justice of North Carolina, informs us that
he "has known it to effect perfect cures in several obstinate cases of
scrofula, without the aid of other means. This last assertion which
I have italicized, is of great import to the homoeopathic physician.
The true test of a remedy in disease, is its effects when given singly.
The Illinois Homœopathic Medical Association, and the Western
Institute of Homœopathy, which held their sessions in Chicago this
year (1854), each appointed a Bureau of Provings. The Chimaphila
has been selected by this Bureau as a proper medicine to investigate
and obtain its pathogenesis. I am sanguine that the profession will
gain a valuable remedy in the Pipsissiwa. (No proving has been
made.)
Fevers. In several instances in which I have administered this
medicine, the following symptoms have been observed: About half
an hour after each dose (of the 1st dil.) a flushing of the cheeks, with
some general heat, and accelerated pulse. Wood seems to imply a cau-
tion not to use the Pipsissiwa when fever is present. It may be
homœopathic to some form of fever, probably those having a hectic
character. "During tho revolutionary war it was used extensively
by the army surgeons as a tonic and diaphoretic in typhus fever."
(Lee.) Prof. Mitchell relates many cases of intermittent fever effec-
tually cured by it.
Rheumatism. —As a popular remedy in this disease, it has always
been in high repute. It is chiefly in chronic rheumatism that its
curative powers have been most noticed. A proving, however, is
necessary to show the particular variety for which it is indicated.
Special Effects.-In the absence of any proving I shall not ven-
ture any theoretical suggestions as to its influence on special organs
and tissues, or portions of the body. I deem it proper, however, to
note the large amount of testimony given by the allopathic and eclec-
tic schools, in favor of its specific action upon, and curative influence
over disorders of the
Urinary Organs.-Dr. Wood says it has been chiefly used in
affections of the kidneys and urinary passages:
Its diuretic powers
have recommended it in dropsy. In cases of this disease attended
with debility, but little reliance can be placed upon its efficacy; and
at best it should be used only as an adjuvant to other more powerful
* Jones & Scudder's Mat. Med.
198
NEW REMEDIES.
diuretics." Dr. Lee says: "In Germany it has long been deemed
one of the best remedies in abdominal and renal dropsies, increasing
the urinary secretion and the depurating function. We have employed
it to a considerable extent for many years, especially in the treatment
of dropsical affections, in broken-down constitutions and intemperate
subjects, and generally with manifest advantage. It has tended to
carry off the dropsical accumulations, while at the same time it
imparted tone and vigor to the digestive system. In albuminuria
also, its effects have proved decidedly beneficial. It ranks with
Buchu, Uva Ursi and Pareira Brava, all tonics, and all exerting a
specific influence over the genito-urinary organs. Dr. Barton extols
it highly for its anti-lithic properties, and ranks it with the Uva Ursi.
It may, however, well be doubted, whether it has any specific powers
of this kind." Dr. Coe says it is useful in dropsy, (especially ascites)
gonorrhea, strangury, gravel, and syphilis, when these affections are.
attended with torpor and debility. "It exercises a specific influence
overy the urinary apparatus, increasing the renal secretion, and at
the same time it is thought by some to lessen the quantity of lithic
acid, or lithates secreted. It is especially serviceable in chronic dis-
eases of the genito-urinary mucous membrane, as in chronic catarrhal
affections of the bladder; chronic nephritis, or urethritis, attended
with a purulent or profuse mucous discharge. It is also beneficial in
calculous and prostatic affections; diabetes; in the advanced stages
of albuminuria; and in other disorders of the urinary organs attended
with local debility. In atonic or passive dropsies it has been found
useful."* The last paragraph contains, in my opinion, the best
resume of the curative properties of the Chimaphila, as regards its
action on the urinary organs. I believe a proving will establish its
homœopathicity to the affections named.
Dr. Somerville says: "It generally increases the secretion of
the urine, and retains its influence on the kidneys for some time. Its
diuretic action is often accompanied by decidedly tonic effects.
Dr. Iris states that as a diuretic it possesses unquestionable
merit, and like Uva-ursi, will frequently mitigate symptoms of gravel,
and strangury proceeding from other causes. He says he has given
it with good results in hæmaturia, the effect of severe and long con-
tinued gonorrhoeal inflammation.
Dr Chapman used it in chronic gleet, leucorrhoea and diarrhoeas.
I will now give my individual experience in the use of this remedy.
My attention was first called to it in a case which happened in the
early part of my practice. A young woman applied to me for a dis-
* Jones & Scudder's Mat. Med.
† Paris Pharmacologia, 11, 283.
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA.
199
tressing dysuria which had troubled her for several weeks. She was
plethoric, hysterical, had disorders of the digestive organs, constipa-
tion, hæmorrhoids, and scanty menses. The urine was scanty, but
was voided frequently, with much pain before, (pressing), during
(scalding, smarting) and after. (Vesical tenesmus.) The urine was
high-colored and deposited a copious mucous sediment. I gave her
Cantharis, Copaiva, Sepia, Terebinthina and many other remedies,
which seemed indicated, for several weeks, but they only palliated
the difficulty. Cool hip baths, the wet bandage, mucilaginous drinks,
and Nux vomica, Sulphur and enemas for the constipation, etc., were
tried, without much effect. An examination of the vagina and uterus
was instituted, but elicited only a tenderLess of the anterior portion
of the vagina (bladder) and urethra, some prolapsus, and slight leu-
corrhoea (uterine). At this juncture, an old nurse proposed the use
of the "Prince's Pine." I assented, having no prejudice against the
plant, and hoping it might benefit my suffering patient. A decoction
of the plant (of uncertain strength) was prepared, and a wine-glassful
administered three or four times a day. In a week I called to see
what the effects of the medicine had been. To my surprise, I was
informed that improvement had set in the next day after the remedy
was commenced. Not only was the dysuria nearly removed, but the
sediment had almost disappeared from the urine; and, stranger still,
the constipation was cured, and the digestive organs were in a normal
condition. In two weeks she was as well as ever. The prompt cure
which the Chimaphila effected in this case led me to use it in many
cases of strangury, catarrhal affections of the bladder, etc., and in
many instances I found it to act certainly. It failed in some cases,
probably because it was not truly indicated. I was once called in
counsel to a case of chronic renal and vesical affection, in which the
amount of sediment of a thick, ropy character, and a pink color (the
color was found to be owing to blood) was really enormous in amount.
The patient, a young man, was debilitated, anæmic, dyspeptic, had
hectic fever and night sweats, and altogether was in a bad condition.
Various remedies, including China, Phosphoric acid, Cannabis, etc.,
had been given. Uva Ursi was tried with good results for a time.
At my suggestion the Chimaphila was used, a few drops of the fluid
extract in a glass of water, a spoonful every two hours. He improved
rapidly under its use, and in a few weeks was able to resume his usual
avocations. A relapse occurred after six or eight months. He was
again benefitted by the medicine, since which time I have not heard
from the patient. It has one generally uniform effect, namely: to
200
NEW REMEDIES.
cause mucous sediment to disappear from the urine. I believe it will
be found curative in albuminaria, as well as catarrhal affections of
the urinary organs. In that distressing symptom, vesical tenesmus,
occurring from prolapsus or retroversion, it is an excellent palliative,
before the uterus is replaced; and curative after that operation.
I have used it successfully in two cases of long lasting gleet.
Under its use the discharee disappeared, and the general health
improved. I have noticed the following pathogenetic symptoms from
its use:
Copious discharge of clear limpid urine.
Frequent and profuse urination.
Urging to urinate after voiding urine.
Pressing fulness in the region of the bladder.
Loose stool, three or four times a day.
It imparts a dark color to the urine, when taken in large doses.
This effect is probably due to the tannin it contains.
For the above symptoms, which are primary effects, I have found
the 6th attenuations most useful. In chronic disorders and catarrhal
affections of these organs, the lowest dilutions seems to act more bene-
ficially. I have not tried the high potencies.
Case illustrating its value in irritable bladder :-
A married lady, aged 34, had been troubled for many years with
prolapsus uteri, leucorrhoea, ulceration of the neck, etc., but who is
now somewhat better of those difficulties, applied to me for the
relief of an obstinate vesical irritability. Her symptoms were as
follows:
At night the urging
She had to get up and
Frequent desire to urinate during the day.
was so constant as to deprive her of all sleep.
urinate as often as every hour. The urine was high colored, deposited
a copious light-colored sediment (mucous), and there was considerable.
smarting, burning and pricking pain during its emission. The quan-
tity of urine voided was not larger than normal. The patient was
constipated, an evacuation only every third day. Some tenderness
over the hypogastric region. She had a severe racking dry cough,
but no indication of pulmonary difficulty. The prolapsus was aggra-
vated by the cough.
April 2. Inserted an India rubber inflatable pessary. This
relieved the prolapsus, and stopped the cough altogether, but the vesi-
cal irritation was not alleviated at the end of five days.
April 6. Gave Cannabis 1st (4 pills No. 5, dry,) every four hours.
The effect of this remedy was prompt in relieving the irritation, and
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA.
201
indirectly causing sleep. She declared it acted as a direct anodyne'
This improvement continued for five days, when the medicine ceased
to give any relief, and she grew worse than before.
April 11. Gave Chimaphila first decimal dilution, ten drops in a
spoonful of water, every four hours. For several days no effect was
noticeable, except a flushing of the cheeks for about twenty minutes
after each dose. On the fourth night, however, she was able to sleep
all night, and next day she noticed that the usual copious sediment
was notably lessened, and the dysuria and frequent urging rapidly
gave way. The bowels began to act regularly; the tenderness of the
bladder disappeared, and at this date, April 20th, she is more com-
fortable than for many months previously.
Several things relating to the action of this remedy are worthy of
note:
1. The pathogenetic symptoms mentioned above.
2. Its power in relieving dysuria.
3. Its influence in lessening the sediment (there was an evident
vesical catarrh.)
4. Its curative action in constipation.
Dr. Kendall, of Ill., writes me that he has been very successful
in the treatment of urinary difficulties with the Chimaphila. One
case in particular seemed to him of value. An old gentleman, a suf-
ferer for many years with the "gravel," so called by his physicians,
applied for relief from the following symptoms: "Excessive itching
and painful irritation of the urethra, from the end of the penis to the
neck of the bladder; sensation of swelling in the perineum, as if in
sitting down a ball was prcssing against it; frequent desire to urin-
ate, with scanty urine, containing a very large quantity of muco-
purulent sediment, nearly one-third in bulk of the quantity voided!
This state of things had continued for many months unchanged.
After trying several remedies without benefit the first decimal dilution
of Chimaphila was prescribed, ten drops four times a day. Improve-
ment set in immediately, and in a week the pain and irritation had
disappeared, and not a trace of the pus-like sediment was to be found
in the urine.
This case confirms the statement which I gave in the first edition
of this work, namely: that one of its uniform curative effects is to
cause the disappearance of mucus (or purulent) sediment in the
urine.
Dr. Neidhard writes: In the Anasarca and Ascites following a
very severe case of bilious intermittent fever, the patient was very
202
NEW REMEDIES.
much benefitted by Apocynum cannabinum, so was also the jaundice,
but it was only after the strong tincture of Chimaphila umbellata (3
drops 3 times a day) was exhibited, that the urine began almost
instantly to flow. The ascites and the swelling of the legs entirely
disappeared."
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
(Black Cohosh.)
ANALOGUES. —Aconite, Asclepias tuberosa, Bryonia, Caulophyllum,
Colchicum, Cypripedium, Gelseminum, Digitalis, Glonoine.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Stem simple, herbaceous, smooth, from
four to eight feet high. Leaves five alternate,. one nearly radical,
large decompound, upper one bi-pinnate. Leaflets ovate-oblong, ses-
sile, opposite, incised and toothed, three to seven. Flowers monogyn·
ous, white, fœtid, in long slender racemes. Sepals four or five,
caducous, white. Petals stamen-like, four to six, small. Stamens
slender, white, about 100 to each flower, giuing the raceme the appear-
ance of a long slender plume. Pistil one, with a broad stigma. Fruit
a capsule, ovoid, dry, with one cell, containing numerous flat smooth
seeds, which are loosely packed horizontally in two rows. In the late
autumn and winter, any motion of the plant causes a rattling of the
seeds so much resembling the alarm of the rattlesnake as to cause
the hunter to start involuntarily; hence its name of Rattlc-weed given
by the country people. The root consists of a thick, irregular bent,
contorted body or caudex, from one-third of an inch to an inch in
diameter, often several inches in length, furnished with many slender
radicles, and rendered extremely rough and jagged in its appearance
by the remains of the stems of successive years. The color is exter-
nally dark brown, almost black, internally a yellowish white; the
odor is feeble and disagreeable, taste bitter, somewhat astringent,
leaving a slight sense of acrimony. It yields its virtues partially to
boiling water, and wholly to alcohol. The taste of the tincture
reminds one strongly of laudanum. The root is the part employed in
medicine; it should be gathered early in the autumn and dried in the
shade. The seeds may possess medicinal properties, but have not
been tested.
This indigenous plant is very stately in appearance and is
found growing abundantly in shady and rocky woods, on rich
grounds, from Maine to Michigan, and southward to Florida. The
Cimicifuga is the Macrotys racemosa or Botrophys serpentaria of Raf-
enesque; the Actæ racemosa of Linnæus. It is also known by the
vulgar names of Squaw-root, Black-snake-root, Rattle-weed, etc. The
genuine name is from the Latin cimex, a bug, and fugo, to drive; allu-
ding to its offensive odor. The Siberian species, or Bugbane, is used
to drive away insects. There are two other species in this enus
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
203
namely the C. cordifolia, found in the mountains of North Carolina,
and the C. Americana, inhabiting the Alleghany mountains from
Georgia northward. These flower in August and September, and
have stems not exceeding four feet in height. Their medicinal proper-
ties have not been investigated.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This powerful medicinal plant was in use
among the Indians before the settlement of New England by the
whites. From the aborigines was gleaned much of the early knowl-
edge of its virtues. They used it chiefly in rheumatic affections, and
the diseases of their women. It was early adopted into domestic
practice by the whites, and to some extent into regular practice. Its
use is identified with the rise of the "botanic" system of practice,
and afterwards the "eclectic" school of medicine. Stille* says it was
first introduced to the notice of the allopathic school by Dr. Garden,
of Wyliesburg, Virginia, in 1823, who stated that it was primarily in
common use as a popular remedy in many parts of the western
country.
It was first brought to the notice of the homoeopathic school by
Dr. H. D. Paine, in the North American Journal, Vol. III, p. 207,
(1853). Dr. Paine published provings made by himself and several
other gentlemen, and which are incorporated, with later provings, into
the following pathogenesis.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-(1.) Tincture of the root. (2.) Dilu-
tions of the tincture. (3.) Triturations of the dried root, and of the
tincture. (4. Cimicifugin and the triturations from that alkaloid.
[It is advisable that the obsolete names, "Macrotys" and "Macro-
tin," be dropped from our literature of this plant, in order that we
may have uniformity and correctness in our nomenclature.]
PATHOGENESIS.
The following pathogenesis, which is pretty complete, is made up
of the provings of Drs. Marcy, H. M. Paine, Hill, Douglas, and
others. The provings were made with doses of the crude tincture,
the dilutions, (3d and 6th) and many of the symptoms are from its
poisonous effects. Altogether it is probably as reliable a proving as
any of our polycrests, and I predict that in a few years it will rank
as high in the estimation of our school as any remedy we possess. I
have taken pains to collect all the reliable clinical facts which have
appeared in the records of any school, in relation to its curative
action in disease. My own experience with it has been large.
noon.
General.-Feels very tired. Nervous weakness during the after-
Great sensitiveness to the cold air, which seemed to penetrate
the system.
Continual restlessness in the afternoon, desire to move
about, not knowing what to do or where to go. General feeling of
* Mat. Mcd, and Ther., vol. 11, p. 472.
204
NEW REMEDIES.
illness; weak, trembling, exhausted, sinking feeling, with slight nau-
sea. Easily fatigued, as after great exertion. Miserable dejected
feeling. Tremors; so weak and trembling as not to be able to go out
or study; believes the condition to be but one remove from mania a
potu. Desire to lie down and close the eyes. General bruised feel-
ing, as if sore. Sensation as from severe muscular exercise, especi-
ally in the small of the back. It effects the left side most. Feeling
which only those know who " spree," or watch all night with the sick.
Soreness and stiffness of the whole body, as after hard labor.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No particular indications are proper
under this head. The general symptoms of a drug may be primary-
as when the nervous system is profoundly impressed-and the local
affections, the result; or they may be secondary, as when particular
organs are affected, resulting in constitutional disturbance. I would
classify its general action as follows:
Muscular System.-One of its first of the series of primary
effects of this drug is to cause relaxation of the muscular system;
this leads directly to painful conditions of muscles or myalgia.
Under this head are to be found the burning, cramping, stitching
pains which affect these structures. Cimicifuga is pre-eminently a
muscle-remedy. Hence its efficacy in myalgia and its varieties, as
pleurodynia, etc.
In myositis, or inflammation of the muscular tissue, it is generally
found curative.
In true muscular rheumatism the fever is the original constitu-
tional disorder, and is due to the presence of an abnormal quantity
of lactic acid in the blood, the muscular pain and inflammation the
result of such condition.
In myositis, on the contrary, the fever is sympathetic, and the
inflammation of the muscle the original morbid state, and is generally
caused by over-exertion, nervous exhaustion, or a cold.
In the former Aconite and Bryonia are the best remedies, while
in the latter the Cimicifuga is specifically indicated, (or Cimic i-
fugin). Dr. Ludlam informs me that he finds Cimicifugin 2d generally
curative in "rheumatism affecting the belly of a muscle."
Cimicifugin in rheumatism of the sternocleidomastoid and tra-
pezius muscles.-E. Spencer, from exposure to cold, was attacked with
"stiff neck.' Could not move the hand without producing great
pain. Treatment, Ars.2, Bry.2, one hour in alternation, using a lotion
of the Ars. with hot-water cloths to the neck, continued for 12 hours
without much benefit. Gave four or five powders of Cimicifuga 1st
cent. trit., every hour. The following morning he felt quite relieved.
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
205
}
Nervous System.-Wood classifies it with the "Nervous Seda-
tives," and I am inclined to think its primary action in pathogenetic
doses is in that direction. How it affects the nervous system is beyond
our knowledge. We know that it causes all those symptoms known
to the profession under the name of "nervous prostration,” and even
extreme conditions which resemble delirium tremens. This malady
is defined by Watson to consist essentially of a state of “ nervous
irritation." He thinks this is as good a name as any for a state which
we know exists. He contends that the nervous system can be irrita-
ted, as well as any organ in the body. It is also proper to designate
certain conditions as states of "nervous exhaustion"-" nervous
excitement." Cimicifuga seems to cause all these states of the ner-
vous system. When given to a healthy person it causes first nervous
excitement, which soon leads to irritation and finally exhaustion.
Some observers have the folly to state that " very large doses cause
no alarming effects." I have seen not only alarming, but dangerous
effects arise from dram doses of the "fluid extract," administered to
a girl by a botanic quack.
Nerves of Sensation.-It seems to exercise considerable control
over this system, independently of its action on the vascular system.
It cures many of those purely neuralgic pains to which females are
liable. Our provings show it to be capable of causing various aches
and pains of a similar character.
Dr. T. C. Miller asserts that "fifteen years' observation and expe-
rience has proved this agent to be one of the most remarkable in all dis-
eases of the ganglio-spinal system, particularly when the motor side
is excited, and yet in the whole, prevails as an atony in the muscular
and nervous system."
Nerves of Motion.-It causes nervous tremors"—with great
restlessness. (See general symptoms.) It seems to exert a peculiar
and specific action upon some of the diseases of the nerves of motion,
especially in chorea. Not only in that variety which arises from
rheumatic irritation, but when arising from other causes.
A great
number of cases of chorea treated successfully with this remedy
have been reported, a few of which we collect.
Case 1st. A boy aged 11, had had chorea for four months; one
side was affected, and in almost constant motion, except when asleep ;
he had been under medical care all the time without avail. He then
took one teaspoonful of pulv. Cimicifuga root every morning for three
days, then omitted it three, then resumed it again until he had taken
it nine times. When he had taken six doses he was almost well;
206
NEW REMEDIES
when he had taken nine doses he was perfectly well, and remained so
for at least four years. -[Dr. Young.]
Case 2d. A girl sick with chorea for a month; after taking three
doses she was very much improved; six doses cured her entirely. It
caused pricking all over every time it was taken.—[Ibid.]
Case 3d. A lady, aged 19, had chorea for two weeks; her left side
was almost constantly in motion; did not prevent her sleeping; her
general health was perfectly good, and no cause could be detected.
She was dosed with Calomel, Jalap, Tartar emetic and Cream Tartar,
for seven days, when Dr. Young was startled, for he found that the
chorea had extended to the right side, and was tenfold aggravated.
Her arms, legs, head, face, tongue and every muscular part, was in
continual and irregular motion; she could with great difficulty speak
intelligibly. The power of swallowing was lost to a great degree,
she could not walk one step, nor stand up without support, nor could
she sleep day or night on account of the constant twitching and jerk-
ing of the muscles. A teaspoonful of the powdered root of Cimici-
fuga was given three times a day; in five days she was much better,
could walk 300 or 400 yards, could speak and swallow as well as
ever; slept well at night; her legs had but little irregular motion,
her head was steady, and the muscles of her face scarcely agitated;
her arms were more affected than any other part. In seven days
more she was quite well. It neither vomited, sweated, purged or
acted on her kidneys; the only sensation she had was an uneasy sen-
sation, almost amounting to an ache, through all her limbs, after every
dose, and continuing three or four hours. Dr. Physic cured several
cases with ten grain doses every two hours. Dr. Wood cured a case
after the failure of purgative and metallic tonics; also a case of peri-
odic convulsions connected with uterine disorder.
Case 4th. A girl aged nine, whose mental faculties were much
disordered, and who had lost nearly all power over the left arm and
leg; bowels irregular, headache, and pain frequently shooting down
the left arm. Was cured quickly.
A girl
A very intractable case was cured by Dr. Otto.
aged 18, chorea with considerable gastric derangement, with
suppression of menses for five months. Five grains of the
pulv. root every three hours; no improvement for nearly a week,
then improved rapidly and was well in three weeks. Dr. Davis
says we can no longer doubt its efficacy in chorea, in all cases arising
from undue irritability or mobility of the nervous system, especially
when induced by exposure to cold; in short, when chorea arises from
a rheumatic irritation of the motor nerves, and muscles, or of the
anterior column of the spinal marrow. In the various eclectic jour-
nals, there have been reported from time to time very many cures of
chorea with Cimicifuga. In some cases the powdered root was
used, in others the tincture, resinoid (Cimicifugin), or the fluid extract.
According to my experience it is most useful when the disease occurs
in females, is aggravated at the menstrual periods, and seems to be
somehow connected with derangement of the generative functions.
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
207
+4
'The first decimal of the pulv. root seems to act more promptly in these
cases, although the first decimal dilution is quite reliable. Physi-
cians are in duty bound to report their failures as well as their cures.
I have given the Cimicifuga in some cases without deriving any benefit
from its use. One case was a child about ten years of age. The
first symptom was a
catching" of the lower limb, like the disease
called "spring-halt" in horses; afterwards came twitching of the
mouth, arms, fingers and feet. Cimicifuga 1st or 3d trit. did not
cause any improvement in ten days. Agaricus was tried a week; but
Nux vomica 2d dil., five drops three times a day arrested the malady.
A similar case also resisted its action, probably because it was not
strictly homoeopathic, but when the citrate of Iron and Strychnia was
given, a rapid recovery was the result. This last medicine was
selected because of the anæmia which indicated Iron, and the pecu-
liaa spasmodic symptoms called for Nux vomica. One grain of the
first decimal was given three times a day. Improvement immedi-
ately set in, and continued until the recovery was complete-about
four weeks.
Dr. Logan, of Canada, reports the following case of Chorea:
"A young lad of 12 years had been exposed to cold and wet
weather. Great heat of the skin, with efflorescence resembling scar-
latina. The usual symptoms of chorea were present: agitation of
the muscles, with very great difficulty of articulation. Treatment :
Ars.2, Bell.2, relieved the redness and heat of the skin, but the
chorea still continued as violent as before. Cimicifuga, Veratrum
viride, half an hour in alternation until three or four doses were
given. A slight agravation followed, when the medicine was omitted.
The chorea ceased, and from that time returned only partially, and
was promptly relieved by the same remedies. Some debility remained,
and oedema of the joints, which were removed by Bry* and Ars.³.
Fever.- Chilliness during the forenoon. Occasional cold chill.
Coldness and chills, particularly of the arms and feet soon after walk-
ing. At 3 A. M., the whole surface became cold. Slight cold perspi-
ration, and sensation as if it would become profuse, continuing for an
hour, accompanied by lancinating pain along the cartilages of the
false ribs, left side, increased by taking a long inspiration. Disposi-
tion to perspire at night for three weeks; irregular, usually three or
four times a week, occurring about 3 A. M., commencing while asleep,
and disappearing a few minutes after waking, never profuse. During
the first week the surface was cold with the perspiration, but during
the last ten days the perspiration was accompanied by heat rather than
coldness; pulse too slow, every third or fourth pulsation intermitting.
In three-quarters of an hour increased heat of the face; slight incli-
nation to sweat; pulse rather full, 90 in the minute, it being 80 before
taking the drug. In three-quarters of an hour after taking the second
dose, pulse weaker and very irregular, 80 in the minute. At the end
:
208
NEW REMEDIES.
of an hour pulse 80 and irregular. Pulse quick and weak. In morn-
ing pulse feeble, with weakness and trembling. Drowsiness, with
creeping chills upon the back during the evening, followed by frequent
waking during the night, and desire to throw off the bed clothes,
although the thermometer was below zero.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The febrile symptoms developed during
a proving of Cimicifuga are very slight. Careful observers have
almost uniformily found it to lessen the force and frequency of the
pulse, at the same time soothing pain and allaying irritability. Dr.
Davis says it causes a depression of the pulse, which remains for a
considerable time. Dr. Marcy says: Like many other drugs which
exercise a specific action upon the nervous system, the primary effect
of Cimicifuga, when given in small doses, is slightly stimulating to
both the nervous and vascular systems, causing a slight increase in the
force and frequency of the pulse, and followed speedily by a perman-
ent depression of the circulation. When administering it for mild
attacks of rheumatism, we have in several instances observed this
primary and secondary action. Among the secondary effects which
are strongly marked, are diminished nervous irritability, and disposi-
tion to sleep." In rheumatic fever it is a valuable remedy. It will
sometimes act promptly in reducing the force of the pulse, and bring-
ing on a healthy perspiration. Some severe acute attacks of inflam-
matory rheumatism have been cured with Cimicifuga in a very short
time. But it has been usually given in too large doses, by the dom-
inant school, (30 to 60 drops of the tincture every two or four hours).
Such doses are useless and injurious. I have succeeded with five
drops of the first dilution, and rarely resort to the tincture. Five
drops every hour should be the maximum dose.
In yellow fever it is recommended by some writers. It would seem
to be somewhat homoeopathic to the severe and peculiar "pains in the
bones," as sufferers term it, but probably bears no relation to the
real condition present. In nearly all fevers it may be indicated for
certain conditions which may arise. Thus in many fevers, the ner-
vous system, the brain, may and does become very irritable and irri-
tated, and a train of symptoms, such as will be found under the head
of Brain," will arise. In such cases small doses will remove the
symptoms, and permit remedies more appropriate to the general con-
dition, to act untrammelled. Although this remedy is to a certain
extent an analogue of Aconite, yet it does not seem to control febrile
diseases as promptly.
<<
Dr. Wm. S. Searle of Troy, in an article in Vol. III. Proc. N. Y.
Hom. Med. Soc., p. 360, entitled Notes on the New Remedies,"
says of Cimicifuga racemosa :
I was led to employ this remedy empirically in my second case of
cerebro-spinal disease, by the complete failure of every other remedy
to control the spasms, which still continued after the inflammatory
symptoms had subsided. During three weeks they had reigned
supreme in the most terrific and varied forms. My patient, a lady of
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA
209
thirty years, and nervo-lymphatic in temperament, lay before me,
tormented day and night by alternate tonic and clonic spasms. All
food and drink were instantly rejected from the stomach, and both she
and her attendants declared that she did not get a moment's sleep
during her entire illness. I should have regarded this case as one of
hysteria, had I not witnessed the preceding inflammation, which was
so severe as to render the left eye totally and permanently useless,
and had not the ablest counsel in our city agreed with my diagnosis.
My first case, too, which had still more strongly simulated hysteria,
had resulted in sudden death, and the post-mortem had revealed our
sad mistake. This inclined me to be wary. But, to be brief, every
indicated remedy utterly failed, until, finally, inferring the sphere of
Cimicifuga from its power in chorea, I determined, in despair, to try
it. To my astonishment and delight it at once subdued all spasmodic
action, and by its use alone my patient entered on a speedy convales-
cence. Careful study of the pathogenesis of this drug has since con-
vinced me of its peculiar relation to the disease. Let me premise,
however, what is too often overlooked, that we cannot expect to find
the more violent symptoms of any grave disease in a pathogenesis
made entirely of provings. Do not look, then, for an exact likeness
of cerebro-spinal meningitis, in the very brief sketch here given of a
very imperfect pathogenesis. If we shall find a correspondence some-
what close, with no conflicting symptoms, and if experience shall
confirm our deductions, at the bed-side of the sick, we must for the
present be content. Now what are the known symptoms of Cimici-
fuga which point in the direction of this disease? Beginning as
before with the head, we find a large variety, too large for repetition
here, but each and all evidencing its powerful influence over the
entire encephalon. It causes pain in every portion of the head,
chiefly in the vertex and occiput, extending often to the shoulders
and down the spine, accompanied by a delirium which perfectly sim-
ulates mania a potu. The pain is sometimes paroxysmal, and is
pressive, throbbing and aching, in its nature, attended by tremor and
illusions of vision. In these phenomena its analogy to Nux, Ignatia,
and the narcotics, is very striking; while the prostration and irrita
bility of the cerebro spinal nerves plainly points out its homoeopathic
relation to the latter stage of the disease under consideration. The
intense throbbing pain, so frequently complained of by patients
suffering from this malady, and which is described as being like a ball
driven from the neck to the vertex with every throb of the heart, it
promptly relieves. Few medicines cause such intense and persistent
pain in the eye-balls. They are described as dull, aching and sore.
There is dilatation of the pupils and redness of the conjunctiva, with
increased lacrymation. The tongue is swollen; sordes accumulate
on the teeth and the breath is offensive. The pharynx is dry, with
dysphagia and frequent inclination to swallow. The mucous mem-
brane of the fauces is red and inflamed, with roughness, hoarseness
and thirst. The nausea and vomiting it produces are evidently due
to cerebral irritation or inflammation. The severe pains in the abdo-
14
210
NEW REMEDIES.
men are also of a neuralgic character, since the stools are but little
affected, either in consistence or color. The urine is pale and
increased in quality, as is common in hysteria and other states of
nervous depression conjoined with irritation. In the back we find
stiffness, pain of a drawing, tensive character, or dull, heavy and
aching. Weakness and trembling, spasmodic action of the muscles,
with many singular symptoms, which can be ascribed only to the influ-
ence of this drug upon the spinal cord. Bryonia, a remedy hitherto
much relied on in the treatment of epidemic meningitis, bears a close
analogy to Cimicifuga, but an accurate comparison between them, in
their bearings upon this disease, will, I think,result in favor of the latter.
Bryonia," says Hale, " does not cause rheumatic neuralgic pains, while
Cimicifuga does, in an eminent degree. Bryonia has no influence over
reflex nervous pains, cramps, &c., while Cimicifuga controls many
such abnormal manifestations." Having thus traced the similarity
between the action of these remedies and the disease in question, the
discussion might perhaps be profitably relinquished here, but in con-
firmation of their theoretical value in cerebro-spinal inflammation, let
me add a brief account of my experience in its treatment.
"L
"
My first case, mentioned incidentally above, was so obscure in its
development as to be mistaken by myself and my colleagues for hys-
teria. The patient was a maiden lady of forty years, and of nervous
temperament. For a long time she had suffered from scrofulous dis-
ease of the cervical vertebræ; but this attack was sudden and
marked by violent fever and inflammation. Excruciating pain in the
whole head and spine were almost the only symptoms. No spasms of
any kind appeared. She was treated with the ordinary polycrest
remedies recommended by Watson and Paine, but without sensible
relief; and after about ten days of acute suffering, death suddenly
closed the scene. Post-mortem examination revealed the most intense
inflammation of the membranes of the brain and cord, with the usual
effusion of lymph. In the second case, fully described above, the
inflammatory symptoms yielded readily to Aconite, Bryonia, Bella-
donna, &c., but the spasms were not controlled until Cimicifuga was
administered, when they vanished like mist. From that time I have
depended on this remedy, with Gelseminum, and they have never
disappointed me. A short account of two cases, in which these med-
icines alone were used, may be of interest:
"A young merchant, of vigorous constitution, was seized in August
last with diphtheria. Under the usual treatment this soon subsides,
but the persistent pains in the extremities and back, quickly followed
by rigidity of the neck and pain in the occipital region, together with
severe inflammatory symptoms, warned me of an ambushed enemy.
Gelseminum and Cimicifuga were at once administered in the form of
tincture. With the exception of slight convulsions of the upper
extremities, the only change in the case was the gradual subsidence
of the symptoms and restoration to health in two weeks from the first
outset of the disease. Partial paralysis of the arms continued for
several months. On the tenth of January, after severe exposure, he
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
211
was again prostrated. Arriving during the chill, I ordered a hot
bath and gave five drops of the first decimal dilution of each remedy,
prepared in half glasses of water, one teaspoonful of each alternately
every fifteen minutes. After the expiration of three hours, violent
fever had set in, with excessive fever in the occiput, neck and back;
dilatation of the pupils, with aching soreness of the eyes, and spas-
modic jerking of the arms. I replaced the medicines with ten drops
of the tincture of Cimicifuga and ten of the first decimal dilution of
Gelseminum. No new symptoms appeared and those present dimin-
ished rapidly, so that on the fifth day I discontinued attendance.
At
"On the sixth of the present month I was summoned to a feeble
woman of fifty years. She had been suddenly seized with severe
chills, nausea and vomiting, delirium and acute pain in the head,
shooting down the spine, with rigidity of the muscles of the back.
The same remedies were again exhibited in a similar manner.
the end of four hours the delirium had almost disappeared, together
with the disturbance of the stomach. After twenty-four hours all
the symptoms had vanished, except languor, with shooting pain down
the spine when rising in bed. The next day she was sitting up, and
was discharged.
"These cases are a fair sample of eight or ten which have occurred
in my practice. They were not, it is true, of the most desperate
class, but could they have been as quickly cured by the ordinary
medicines given in this disease?"
It has cured several cases of night sweats, when no organic dis-
ease was present.
Skin. Eruptions of white pustules over the face and neck.
Sometimes large, red, papular.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above is a curative symptom,
although it has been recorded in some of our works as a pathogenetic.
So far in our experiments we have failed to develop any skin symp-
toms. It is indeed doubtful whether it is an eliminator like arseni-
cum, or a cutaneous irritant like sulphur. Dr. Hill, in his Epitome,
highly recommends its use in small-pox, but his indications are not
based on any relation it has to the eruptions, but to the peculiar pains,
etc., which accompany the fever. Dr. D. S. Smith, of Chicago, recom-
mends it very highly in variola and varioloid, and asserts that it deci-
dedly modifies the disease, preventing pitting, and even the develop-
ment of pustules. It may prove useful, indirectly, in some
exanthematous diseases. Thus: Urticaria often depends upon rheu-
matic irritation of internal organs; some eruptions are excited by
menstrual derangements. Cimicifuga being homoeopathic to the exci-
ting causes, will, by removing them, remove the cutaneous irritation.
Dr. Lee says,
"it sometimes appears to have a specific action on the
skin, causing a sensation of prickling, itching and heat on the whole
surface." This may be (by its action on the terminal nerves) attended
sometimes by a slight eruption.
Sleep.-Very restless at night. Restless at night after three or
four hours of good sleep. Restlessness early in the morning, con-
212
NEW REMEDIES.
tinuing for a week. Disturbed, restless, unrefreshing sleep, from 3
to 5 A. M., with disposition to fold the arms over the head; unpleas-
ant dreams of being in trouble, of being in a sad plight; somnolency.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The sleeplessness and nightly restless-
ness caused by this drug belong to its power of causing nervous irri-
tation. In delirium a potu, sleeplessness is one of the most trouble-
some symptoms, one which the dominant school try to subdue with
enormous doses of opium. Opium is sometimes homoeopathic to this
condition, also Cannabis ind., Coffea, Arsenicum, etc., but none more
so than Cimicifuga, unless it be Digitalis, which latter medicine is
just now used with such success in delirium tremens. In typhoid
states, hysteria, and those conditions brought on by mental excite-
ment and labor, we have to deal with insomnia of an obstinate char-
acter. In many of these instances this remedy will assist us in our
treatment of the difficulty. I had given it in the sleeplessness of
children during teething, or when no apparent cause for the symp-
toms existed. A few pellets of the 3d, seemed to palliate as well as
Coffea.
Mind and Sensorium.-Not disposed to fix the attention on any
subject; vertigo; impaired vision; dizziness; dullness in the head;
vertigo; fullness and dull aching in the vertex; ten minutes after
taking the third decimal dilution a sort of delirium, with an inclina-
tion to run over the subject on which he was reading. Miserable
dejected feeling; mind dull and heavy. Feels grieved, troubled
with sighing; next day a feeling of tremulous joy, with mirthfulness,
playfulness and clear intellect. Considerable exhilaration. Pleas-
urable excitement. Cimicifuga soon shows its action on the senso-
rium, when administered to sensitive persons. Dr. King made casual
mention in his dispensatory, that this drug had caused symptoms
simulating delirium tremens. To get at the real history of such
action I wrote to Dr. King, who kindly favored me with the following
statement: * * "I did not pay that attention to the symptoms as
one of your school would have done, but merely noticed them in the
aggregate. In the cases referred to I gave the tincture for the cure
of rheumatism, in ordinary doses of 20 to 30 drops, every hour, but
finding the symptoms resulting therefrom to be similar to those of
delirium tremens, I omitted the medicine until they had disappeared,
and again administered it, but in smaller doses, and so continued
until I found that even two or three drops would be followed by the
same symptoms, and was therefore compelled to cease its use alto-
gether in such cases. I have not met with this effect in but three
cases, and in the first one that occurred, so positive was I from the
symptoms of the patient, that his wife had allowed him the use of
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
213
some liquor, that I came very near being discharged on account of
the scolding I administered to both the patient and his wife. In fact,
I did not believe in that case that the tincture produced the effects,
nor until I met with the other cases. As near as I can recollect
there was nausea, retching, dilated pupils, tremor of the limbs, inces-
sant talking and changing from one subject to another without any
order, though perfectly sensible when the attention was aroused by
any person addressing them or conversing with them, but soon
relapsing into their vagaries when not disturbed; great wakefulness,
imagining strange objects upon the bed, and in the room, as rats,
sheep, etc. Sometimes arousing from their incoherent talkativeness
as if startled, and inquiring regarding persons present: "Who is
that man?" "What does he want here ?" "Tell him to go home,"
etc. With quick, full pulse, a wild look of the eyes, and the peculiar
indescribable expression of face commonly observed among those
who labor under delirium tremens." I can corroborate Dr. King's
experience with the Cimicifuga. I once gave the tincture to a girl
who had dysmenorrhoea. I ordered her to take one drop every two
hours during the premonitory stage, and when the pains, which were
intense, painful, like labor-pains, and extended to the hips, thighs
and ovarian regions had become severe, to take one drop every half
hour for six hours. When I saw her she had no pains, but said her
head felt "strange and wild;" her pupils were dilated, she talked
incoherently, and exclaimed that she saw rats, mice, and insects, on
the bed and on the floor and ceiling. She also complained of a roar-
ing in the head which was very distressing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In its effects on the sensorium, (brain)
Cimicifuga is analogous to Arsenicum, Belladonna, Hyoscyamus,
Opium, Stramonium, and a few other drugs, but it has important
points of dissimilarity which should be considered in the selection of
the drug. I treated several cases of delirium tremens with this
remedy. It seemed to remove the condition. When the symptoms
above narrated occur in typhoid or hysteric states, the Cimicifuga
will act beneficially. A few drops of the 3d dilution in water every
hour seems the most appropriate method of administration.
Dr. C. C. Smith reports the following case: "A gentleman
stepped into my office a few days since and stated that his wife
was expecting to be confined in about two weeks, and that she was
suffering greatly from nervousness as he expressed it; extremely
restless and apprehensive, totally unable to sleep at night; some
nausea occasionally. From this description, I sent by him some pow-
ders of sugar of milk, each containing one drop of the Cimicifuga
racemosa, 3d. In a few days she had taken these, at the rate of one
214
NEW REMEDIES.
every two hours, with the most signal benefit. As her husband
expressed it, 'the medicine worked like a charm.'
Head.-Heaviness and dullness of the head; slight fullness of
the head; slight dull pain in the head; acute pain generally through
the head during the day, at times more severe on the left side; slight
pain in the head in the evening; remittent headache of long stand-
ing, more or less severe every day, but increased every second day;
dull pain deep in the forehead; dullness of the head and pain in the
forehead and occiput; dull pain in the forehead in the afternoon;
dull, boring pain in the forehead, over the left superciliary ridge,
continuing for two houre, from 10 A. M.; pain in the forehead and
occiput, with heaviness of the head after one hour; pain from the
eyes to the top of the head, which seemed as if the nerves were exci-
ted to too much action, lasting three hours,-under large doses it
lasted six hours; pain over the eyes; pain over the left eye, extend-
ing along the base of the brain to the occiput; slight pain in the
forehead; dryness of the pharynx; aching in the eyes, apparently
between the eyeball and orbital plate of the frontal bone.
At 10 P.
M., occasional transient pain in the forehead, ever the right eye; dull
pain in the head; fullness in the forehead, over the eyes; severe
pain in the head, particularly in the forehead over the right eye, and
extending to the temple and vertex with fullness, heat and throbbing,
and when going up stairs a sensation as if the top of the head would
fly off; fullness in the vertex; aching pain in the vertex and occiput
in paroxysms, at times quite severe, immediately after rising. Pain
in the vertex during the afternoon and evening; sensation as if the
temples were compressed occasionally through the day; dull, heavy
headache, more in the left temple; slight pain in the left side of the
head; aching pain in the head, particularly in the occiput, experi-
enced only while in-doors, relieved by the open air-it increased dur-
ing the afternoon, and was quite severe in the evening; about 9 P. M.
it disappeared entirely, after a walk in the open air; constant dull
pain in the head, particularly in the occiput, and extending to the
vertex, during the forenoon and part of the afternoon. The pain in
the head is always relieved by open air; dull sensation through the
head, as though he had been on a "spree" and was getting over its
effects. Brain feels too large for the cranium; brain feels compressed.
Awoke at 2 o'clock A. M., with excruciating, though dull pain in the
forehead, extending to the temples, with coldness of forehead; pain
in the eyeballs. Dull pain in the region of moral organs a pressing
outward and upward, as if there was not room enough for the upper
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
215
portion of the cerebrum. This pain was very oppressive and intol-
erable; it began about five o'clock P. M., after taking the second
dose, and continued unabated till morning, when it was relieved in
thirty minutes by a dose of Bryonia.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-There is no remedy in our Materia
Medica which so promptly and uniformly causes headache as the Cim-
icifuga, with the exception of Glonoine. It is homœopathic to a vari-
ety of headaches, particularly the nervous, rheumatic and menstrual.
It affects the brain in a manner similar to Digitalis. Some of its
symptoms resemble Nux vomica, Ignatia, Glonoine, Spigelia and Bel-
ladonna. It has cured a headache, with "severe pain in the eyeballs,
extending into the forehead, and increased by the slightest movement
of the head or eyeballs," also "dull pain in the occipital regions,
with shooting pains down the back of the neck."
Case 1st. A lady aged 35, has suffered from dyspepsia for several
months, and for nine days past from severe pain in the forehead over
the right eye, and extending to the temple and vertex, with fullness,
heat and throbbing, and when going up stairs a sensation as if the
top of the head would fly off. Coldness and chills, particularly of the
arms and feet; faintness in the epigastrium; pain and regurgitation
of food after eating. Cimicifuga first, three drops three times a day,
afforded prompt and permanent relief.-[Paine.]
Case 2d. Mrs. W., aged 47, has not yet passed the critical period,
and suffers from various neuralgic pains incident to that time. Now
suffers from severe pains in the head, particularly in the forehead
and eyeballs. Cimicifuga second afforded prompt relief in a few
hours.
Case 3d. Dull pain in the head; fullness in the forehead and eyes;
pain in the eyeballs, increased secretion of tears; fluent watery
coryza; frequent sneezing; soreness of the throat; cough at night,
caused by tickling in throat-cured in two days by Cimicifuga 2.-
(Dr. Paine). This is a well marked case of catarrhal headache. I
have found it useful in similar cases. Dr. B. L. Hill states that the
pains in the head caused by Cimicifuga are all from within outwards.
It is particularly useful in headaches of delicate, nervous and hysteri-
cal females, when the headaches. occur at or near the menstrual
periods, during pregnancy, and at the change of life. (Sabina,) It
is useful in the headaches of drunkards, occurring after a debauch;
in the headaches of students and literary men, after mental labor,
and that peculiar heaviness, dullness and gloominess which results
from want of sleep. (Nux) Children, during teething, or in the
course of many diseases, frequently show symptoms of irritation of
the brain. This is denoted by peevishness, wakefulness, flushed
face, injected eyes, etc. In such cases eclectics claim the
Cimicifuga has a calming influence, and prevents cerebral congestion,
spasms, etc.
Eyes.-Aching of the eyes, at 10 A. M.
Heaviness of the eyes,
as if caused by cold. Dull pain in both eyeballs. Pain in both eye
216
NEW REMEDIES.
balls. Pain in the centre of the eyeballs, and also sensation as if
pain were situated between the eyeball and the orbital plate of the
frontal bone, in the morning on rising, continuing all day, but not
severe as in the morning; aching pain in the centre of both eyeballs,
rarely in one alone, continuing for three weeks after discontinuing the
drug; aching pain in both eyeballs through the day; aching in the
eyeballs in the evening; on going up stairs, eyeballs painful for a
short time; pain in the eyeballs; increased seeretion of tears; pain
in the eyeballs, in the left more than in the right, and sensation as if
they were enlarged-most severe in the morning; severe aching pain
in the right eyeball, and across the forehead, accompanied with nau-
sea. Pain extending from the right eyeball through to the right side
of the occiput, slightly affecting the ear at night. Stinging in the
eyelid; stinging in the eyelids an hour after taking the drug; sting-
ing in the eyelids; dullness and heaviness of the head and eyes, as if
produced by cold; inflammation of both eyelids; sensation of swel-
ling of right eyelid, with heat as if inflamed, after four hours. Pain
in the right eyelid when closing it, in the afternoon. (The above is
from Marcy's proving.) Redness of face and eyes; eyes feel as if
swollen; black specks before the eyes. Myopia increased. During
the headache the eyes were so congested as to attract the attention of
every one, although there was no disagreeable feeling in them. (Hill's
proving.).
It
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Few medicines cause such intense and
persistent pains in the eyeballs. The pains are principally aching.
(Bell., Digit., Merc., Hepar., Cupr., Crocus., Cocc.) The pains caused
by this drug simulate rheumatic and neuralgic affections of the eyes.
It will probably be found useful in "ocular hyper-æsthesia"-a con-
dition of irritation and over-sensitiveness of the optic nerves.
appears to affect the eyes in a manner somewhat similar to Spigelia,
in causing intense pains in the eyeballs. A young lady aged 20, of
light complexion, had suffered for several weeks from ophthalmia,
pain in the eyeballs-a sensation as if they were enlarged-most
severe in the morning; prickling in the inner canthus, aggravated by
reading; inflammation of the eyelids; slight secretion of mucus early
in the morning; sore throat; reading causes headache. Cimicifuga
first, three drops, three times a day, entirely removed all the pains in
the eyeballs and head. (Paine.) It seems to be indicated in Amauro-
sis, but we have no clinical experience in this disease. Dr. King
(eclectic) says, "In doses of one dram of the tincture every hour, it
has effected thorough cures of ophthalmia conjunctiva, without the aid
of any local application "
་
Dr. Miller (eclectic) says: "In three cases of amaurosis I cured
two with the black cohosh; the other case was successfully treated
with Conium. Four cases of amblyopia, two were cured by the
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
217
black cohosh, the other two were not benefitted by it, but one was
cured by Stramonium, the other by the Valerianate of Zinc, (4 grs. 5
times a day). All cases had been treated by other physicians.'
">
If Dr. Miller had been a homoeopathist he would have given the
symptoms of each case, and by this means would have been estab-
lished positive indications for the use of each medicine. As it is, the
matter is left in empirical uncertainty.
One of the above symptoms, namely: "black specks before the
eyes,” indicates it in amaurosis. Cimicifuga has cured "double-
vision," which is often an amaurotic symptom.
Nose.-Stinging sensation in the nose in the evening; obstruction
of the left nostril, in the evening; inclination to sneeze twice in the
afternoon; sneezing; headache; sneezing several times, at 10 a. M.;
frequent sneezing and fluent coryza during the day. Fluent coryza;
fluent coryza of whitish mucus during the day; constant coryza during
the day; abundant watery coryza; copious coryza; copious coryza
during the foaenoon; fluent coryza; aching and soreness in the nose
during the day. Fluent watery coryza; frequent sneezing; soreness
in the throat, causing difficulty in swallowing. Profuse coryza in the
forenoon; aching pain in the head; pain in both eyeballs, many times
through the day. Very profuse greenish and slightly sanguineous
coryza, after rising; fulness of the pharynx, and constant inclination
to swallow; dullness of the head, and pain in the forehead and occi-
put; fluent coryza, more so than for many weeks, as if caused by
cold; dryness of the pharynx; sneezing, at 4 P. M. (Payne's prov-
ing). Stuffed condition of the nostrils, which was soon followed by
an open moist condition, with great sensitiveness to cold air, as if the
base of the brain were laid bare, and every inhalation of the brain
brought the cold air in contact with it. (This is exactly similar to
that produced by a sudden change of weather in winter, from cold
dry to damp thawing, as by a south wind which melts the snow.)
(Hill's proving).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—Some authors say that they have never
known it to produce a perceptible increase of any of the secretions;
others again say that it operates powerfully upon the secreting organs
aud absorbents, and that it is expectorant and diaphoretic. From the
above symptoms it would certainly seem to have a specific affinity for
the nasal mucous membrane, and causes a real catarrhal state. In
acute rheumatic-catarrhal attacks, with pains in the limbs, head, face,
eyeballs; chilliness, heat, and fluent watery coryza, it is certainly
indicated; and in one epidemic influenza I found it useful for such
conditions, also in the cough and sore throat by which it was accom
panied.
Face, Jaws and Teeth.-Severe pain in the left jaw. Heat on
one side of the face, with lassitude all over. Very severe pains
218
NEW REMEDIES.
the face, more in under jaw, lower teeth, and articulations of lower
jaw. The pains in the head and face constant, and very severe.
Pain in the right superior maxillary bone, and teeth.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above are just such pains as are
nearly always present in catarrhal-rheumatic attacks in the winter
and spring. I once took five drops of the first decimal for similar
symptoms occurring in myself. The one dose seemed to cut short
the attack, at least it mitigated the pain.
Mouth.-Offensive breath; dryness and soreness of the lips;
dry lips; small ulcer on the inner surface of the lower lip. Unpleas-
ant taste in the mouth, accumulation of thick mucus upon the teeth;
spitting of thick saliva which seemed to stick to the mouth and throat,
and to be detached with difficulty. Mouth dry in the morning. Swel-
ling of the back part of the tongue. Root of tongue and fauces
swollen.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In many cases of rheumatism, the gums
and buccal mucous membrane become swollen and tumefied. In such
cases this remedy may be found useful, used as a weak wash to the
inflamed surface.
*
Throat.-Dryness of the pharynx; sneezing, at 4 P. M.; dryness
of the pharynx and inclination to swallow, during the night; fulness
of the pharynx and constant inclination to swallow; soreness of the
throat when swallowing; sensation of fulness high up in the throat,
with fulness in the vertex and stiffness of the neck; sensation of
rawness in the throat; slight difficulty in swallowing; hoarseness,
which increased towards night; constant unpleasant fulness in the
pharynx. Palate and uvula red and inflamed. Inflammation of the
uvula and palate, fifth day more severe than the day before; copious
coryza. Hoarseness, roughness and scraping in the throat; rough-
ness and dryness of the throat, with thirst; dryness and soreness of
the throat on swallowing, and on pressure worse on the left side.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has cured Chorea when attended
with almost complete loss of the power of swallowing. In sore throat
and cynanche maligna, a decoction of the root is recommended by
Dr. Barton. Dr. Marcy says it is an excellent remedy against dry-
ness of the throat, or a dry spot in the throat causing cough (Lache-
sis), also in dry coughs proceeding from irritation and tickling at the
lower part of the larynx. In a late number of an allopathic jour-
nal, it is highly recommended by a Boston physician as a most excel-
lent remedy in diphtheria, used in decoction as a gargle.
Appetite and Stomach.-Eructations tasting of the medicine;
eructations and slight nausea, immediately. Pain and regurgitation
of food after eating. Loss of appetite; no appetite for supper;
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
219
repugnance. Nausea for fifteen minutes or half an hour after taking
the drug; nausea with loathing, soon after the dose; sense of inter-
al tremor in the stomach, after breakfast; sensation as if too much
food had been taken into the stomach; acute darting pain in the epi-
gastrium, after a light supper; slight pain in the epigastrium, extend-
ing to the left hypochondrium, with faintness and sensation of empti-
ness; faintness in the epigastrium, with repugnance to food, which,
however, did not prevent his partaking of a moderate breakfast;
faintness in the epigastrium, generally in the morning before eating,
particularly if the medicine had been taken over night, not prevent-
ing eating, which was followed by a sensation of repletion, as if too
much food had been taken; faintness of the epigastrium; faintness
of the stomach; slight faintness in the epigastrium during the fore-
noon; faintness of the stomach two or three times, of short duration;
violent retching and vomiting, with pain in the head. In a "proving"
hich Dr. Hill reported to the N. A. Journal of Homœopathy, he
copies the above, with a few additions, and appropriates them to him-
self. The fact is, that proving (in vol. 7) is nearly all taken from Dr.
Paine's original proving. Hill and Douglas also state that in their
proving "all the stomach symptoms were produced on females, 'the
drug producing no disturbance in the stomach of males." But in Dr.
Paine's provings, men and women were alike affected with nausea
and vomiting. The statement of Dr. Hill, reiterated in his "epi-
tome," is therefore unreliable. It was probably originally put forth
to favor the idea that Cimicifuga was specific to nearly all diseases of
women, morning sickness, etc.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-That Cimicifuga may cause sympathetic
nausea and vomiting, by its irritating influence over the female organs
of generation, I do not deny. But it is by no means a specific in
morning nausea" of pregnant women. If the uterine and general
symptoms correspond, the remedy may be found useful for that dis-
tressing symptom. I have in a few cases found it useful, but no
more so than Nux vom., Ipecac., Puls., or Oxalate of Cerium. Like
its analogues-Digitalis, Belladonna, Opium, etc., this medicine may
cause vomiting through its irritating effect upon the brain. Powerful
vomiting is often the first symptom of Meningitis, Hydrocephalus,
and other brain diseases, and the so called "nervous sick-headaches,"
which are accompanied by severe vomiting, probably consist eventu-
ally of cerebral irritation. It is in this type of "sick headache"
that Cimicifuga is useful and not in the headaches which proceed
from derangement of digestion.
Dr.T.C.Miller* relates the case of a lady 28 years of age, who "had
been treated by all the physicians within her reach for over a year,
* Journal of Materia Medica, vol. 6, p. 9.
220
NEW REMEDIES.
and who labored for one day under a cardialgia, the next day under a
severe vomiting. The alcoholic extract of Cimicifuga was given in
doses of two grains. (He does not say how often.) In twelve days
it arrested the disease. For two months, however, she was ordered
to take one grain four times daily. This was in 1851; the disease
never returned. Where was the primary affection? Cardialgia was
only a symptom of diverse diseases."
Abdomen.-Flatus; rumbling in the lower part of the abdomen,
at 10 A. M. Flatulence, causing a sensation of fulness in the abdo
men, rumbling of flatus below the umbilicus, at 10 P. M. Fulness
and pressure in the lower part of the abdomen. Increased pressurə
in the lower part of the abdomen with some pain. Acute cutting
pain in the umbilical region, which, although acute, was not so severe
as to prevent attending to his usual business, uninfluenced by eating,
and continuing during the afternoon; wandering pain in the bowels,
slight pain in the left iliac region; afterwards severe pains in the
bowels, mostly below the umbilicus, with weight and pain in lumbar
and sacral region; soreness of abdominal muscles, on taking full
inspirations. Dull griping, twisting at the umbilical region, more
towards the left. Pain in the left hypochondriac region, worse on
motion, and on taking a deep inspiration. Periodic colic, with incli-
nation to bend forward, relieved after stool.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-There are three diseases of the abdo-
minal structures, in which this remedy may prove useful: (1.) Rheu-
matism of the muscular structures; (2.) Neuralgia; (3.) Peritonitis,
especially puerperal; or (4.) Myalgia, which is often mistaken for
peritonitis. I have found it useful in the first and second, but
have never used it in the third, nor have we any clinical experi-
ence of its use in that affection.
Dr. Miller says:-"It is a good remedy in the non-inflam-
matory colics and diarrhoeas of children and adults, even in dysen.
tery, after the discharges of blood have left. Also in gastric fever,
when it partakes of a nervous character."
Stool.-Evacuation regular and natural during the proving, but
for a month afterwards, alternate constipation and tendency to diar-
rhoea; disposition to diarrhoea, in the evening; slight disposition to
diarrhoea, after rising. Constipation; fæces hard and dry. Large
papescent stool, with general indisposition. Scanty diarrhoea with
tenesmus. Copious papescent stool in the morning.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have no proof that this drug has
any laxative or cathartic effect. It cannot be homoeopathic to abnor-
mal intestinal discharges, at least we have no clinical testimony to
that effect.
Urine. Disposition to frequent urination. Increased flow of
urine. Increased secretion of pale urine; retention of urine for
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA
221
eighteen hours, followed by frequent micturition. Profuse flow of
pale watery urine. Stitches in urethra in the morning.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The dominent school assert the Cimici-
fuga to be a diuretic. It does increase the quantity of urine, but
probably not from any influence it has over the kidneys.primarily.
All drugs which bring on depression of the nervous system, will
cause something akin to "nervous diabetes." In hysterical states,
and many forms of uterine disorder, we find this condition: A pro-
fuse flow of watery urine, with nervous prostration; sinking sensation
at the stomach, chilliness, headache, over the eres, in the eyes; low-
ness of spirits, and sometimes aching pains in the limbs. With this
state of the system, it is supposed by physiologists, there occurs a
waste of phosphorus-which is eliminated by the kidneys in the form.
of phosphates. Loss of phosphates indicates innervation. Dr. Lee
says: "In some instances it acts as a real hydragogue, increasing to
a considerable extent, the amount of urinary secretion; but, in a
majority of cases, this result cannot be anticipated with any consid-
erable degree of confidence. We are rather disposed to regard it in
the light of a renal alterative; increasing generally the amount of
solids in the urine, without any great increase in the amount of water.
To eliminate solid matters from the blood, whether lithates, phos-
phates, or animal matters, the cohosh, with the free use of diluents,
may rank among our most efficient agents. Cimicifuga has a similar
action, over the renal organs, to Aconite, Asclepias syr., and Colchi-
cum, all of which increase the solid constituents of urine. This con-
dition is admirably met by the dilutions of the remedy. It may be
found useful in spasmodic retention of urine, from a cold, mental
emotion, or as a symptom of rheumatism.
Genital Organs of Men.-Pain and retraction of the right sper-
matic cord; drawing pain along the right spermatic cord; pain and
tenderness of the testicles.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It is said to cure old standing cases of
gleet and spermatorrhoea.
Genital Organs of Women.-Leucorrhoea; menorrhagia; sup-
pression of the menses; feeling of heaviness; weight bearing down
in the uterine region, with feeling of heaviness and torpor of the
lower extremities; appearances eight days before their time; labor
like pains during pregnancy; abortion in the fourth, eighth and
twelfth weeks of pregnancy; cold chills and prickling sensations
during the day in the mamma; prickling sensations in the breasts.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No remedy stands higher in the esti-
mation of the eclectic school for the treatment of of diseases peculiar
to women, than the Cimicifuga, and its concentrated principle-Cim-
icifugin. It is used by them in all uterine diseases, of the most
opposite character. Dr. King, one of their highest authorities, says
(Amer. Eclec. Disp.) "it is useful in amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhœa,
222
NEW REMEDIES
leucorrhoea and other uterine affections. As a partus accelerator, it
may be substituted for Ergot. It brings on expulsive action of the
uterus speedily and powerfully. After labor it will be found effectual
in allaying the general excitement of the nervous system and reliev-
ing after-pains." In "King's Amer. Obsts." he recommends it, in
addition, for menorrhagia, amenorrhoea, prolapsus uteri, etc. "It
does not produce the powerful and continuous contractions of the
uterus which follow the use of Ergot, and, eonsequently, is not as
dangerous to the child, neither does it lessen the susceptibility of
the organ to subsequent doses, as is apt to be the case with Ergot;
it appears to excite the uterus to a normal activity only." Jones and
Scudder, in their "Mat. Med.," reiterate the above recommendations.
The writings of that school are full of clinical experience relative to
the usefulness of this remedy in diseases of women. The homoeo-
pathic school are beginning to realize the value of this agent in simi-
lar affections, and, although the pathogenesis which we have is mea-
gre, and the recorded symptoms of the drug, so far as relates to its
action on the reproductive organs, few in number, yet those who have
used it much, upon the indications derived ex uso in morbis, are
enthusiastic in its praise. I will proceed to give what I conceive to
be its peculiar sphere of action, and point out the indications for its
use in the various affections arising from derangements of the organs
of generation. In amenorrhea, or delayed appearance of the menses
in young girls, from deficient nervous energy in the ovaries, and
when the abnormal nervous influence is directed to other organs, giv-
ing rise to chorea, hysteria, nervous headaches, etc, the Cimicifuga
will restore the functions of the reproductive organs to a normal
state. Should there be, at the same time with the above conditions,
a chlorotic state, Helonias or Ferrum should be alternated with this
remedy.
Dr. Williams* reports an interesting case of amenorrhea. The
menses was suppressed by a violent cold. Six months had elapsed
without their reappearance. The patient became pale, lips colorless
and skin sallow. At each time for the appearance of the menses the
following symptoms appeared: Excessive pain in the head, back and
limbs; eyes injected, with dark circles around the lids. The same
continued two or three days, and passed off without any discharge.
Cimicifugin was prescribed, two grains of the 2d trituration three
times a day until the third day before the menstrual period, then the
same amount every two hours. The menses appeared the day before
the expected period. Ferrum et Strychnia was then prescribed,
and the patient has been well and regular since, now several months.
In retarded menstruation, when Pulsatilla or Senecio are not indi-
cated, and when, at the usual menstrual period, the discharge does
not appear, but in its place comes a pressive, heavy headache, melan-
choly, palpitation of the heart and other reflex symptoms,-in these
cases the Cimicifuga will restore the normal condition of the system.
and causes a regular return of the menses.
* Medical Investigator, vol. 11, p. 15.
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
223
ན
In suppression of the menses from a cold, mental emotions, and
febrile symptoms, when rheumatic pains in the limbs, or intense
headache, or uterine cramps, are present, this remedy will be found
very useful. In dysmenorrhea, the black snake root has been used
successfully by all schools. The eclectics consider it a sort of pana-
cœa. Many of our own school speak highly of its value. Dr. Hill,
in his " Epitome," advises it in all cases, and in alternation with
Caulophyllum. It is not a general specific, yet will benefit a majority
of cases.
It is most useful in rheumatic and neuralgic cases, but is
often of benefit in congestive dysmenorrhoea, when alternated with
Veratrum viride, or Belladonna. The best method of administration
in these diseases is to give Cimicifuga, first decimal or one hundredth,
three or four times a day during the inter-menstrual period, and every
hour or thirty minutes during the severity of the pain. The Cimici-
fugin, second or third decimal trituration, will in some cases act more
satisfactorily than the tincture. Several of my colleagues have
reported cases of dysmenorrhoea cured or very much relieved. Dr.
Ludlam thinks more highly of the Cimicifugin in the neuralgic type,
than of Caulophyllum. The latter is more indicated in cases compli-
cated with uterine spasms or general hysterical convulsions. Dr.
Williams sends me the record of two severe cases of dysmenorrhoea,
probably of a rheumatic origin, which were apparently cured under
the action of Cimicifugin first. I have treated many cases of diffi-
cult and painful menstruation, arising from various causes, and while
in all there was improvement, in many the morbid condition seemed
to be permanently removed. I consider the following symptoms as
indicating its use: Before the menses the peculiar headache, similar
to that caused by this medicine; during the menses, aching in the
limbs, severe pain in the back, down the thighs and through the hips,
with heavy pressing down, labor-like pains, weeping mood, nervous-
ness, hysteric spasms, cramps, tenderness of the hypogastric region,
scanty flow of coagulated blood, or profuse flow of the same character;
between the menses debility, nervous erethism, neuralgic pains, tend-
ency to prolapsus, etc.; in menorrhagia, when the flow is profuse,
but more of a passive character, dark, coagulated, and accompanied
by the above mentioned pains. The Cimicifuga does not primarily
cause hæmorrhage, like Sabina, Erigeron or Crocus, but secondarily,
by impairing the tonicity and normal vitality of the uterus. In leu-
corrhea, the eclectics speak highly of its efficacy. The late Dr.
Morrow, to whom is mainly due the introduction of the remedy into
that practice, gained much celebrity by his treatment of leucorrhoea,
with the internal and local use of the black cohosh. He gave it until
it produced and kept up its peculiar action on the brain in a slight
degree; a decoction of the root was to be used as an injection every
day. Leucorrhoea may be vaginal, cervical, or uterine. In the pres-
ent state of our knowledge of the action of the drug, we cannot
point out accurately the particular form of leucorrhoea for which it is
indicated. It may be beneficial in all varieties; the general symp-
toms of the patient must, to a great extent, be our guide. Dr. Hill
mentions a leucorrhoea of long standing cured during a week's
"
221
NEW REMEDIES.
proving," and another case of "leucorrhoea, and chronic inflammation
and congestion of the uterus, cured during the proving, while no
other symptoms were observed on the provers until the disappear-
ance of the uterine disease." Believing in the local, as well as gen-
eral action of a drug, I would advise it to be used both topically and
internally. The lower dilutions seem to act most beneficially. It is
now more than sixty years since it was claimed by Stearns, in the
American Herbal, to have an especial affinity for the uterus, particu-
larly over the menstrual function, and Dr. Tully regards this claim
as well established by the experience of New England practitioners.
As a parturifacient, it was in general use among the Indians in the
early settlement of this country. Bigelow speaks of it as an active
agent in facilitating parturition; and Tully says he has known many
cases where it has produced abortion in pregnant females, when pre-
scribed for a cough. The evidence on this head is far more full and
satisfactory than in regard to its emmenagogue properties. Prof.
Lee says:
"It is believed to exert a specific influence on the uter-
ine contractions, lasting longer than that of Ergot, and followed by
less torpor and greater susceptibility and capacity for action in the
uterus than before its employment. Its operation, also, is not attended
by that deleterious and stupefying influence on the foetus which often
follows the administration of spurred rye." It is doubtful if the
Ergot acts medicinally upon the foetus at all. It is the continued,
unintermitting pressure of the uterus upon the child, or the cord,
which causes the coma or asphyxia in the infant, before birth.
"Af-
ter delivery, also, it has been extensively used for the purpose of
inducing firm uterine contraction, expelling the placenta, and check-
ing post-partem hæmorrhages. For this purpose a drachm of the
saturated alcoholic tincture should be given every half hour, or
oftener, until the desired effect is produced." This knowledge of
the uterine-motor action of Cimicifuga should be appropriated by
homœopathists. They are capable of making much more valuable
use of such knowledge than the adherents of other schools of medi-
cine. The homoeopathic school gladly avail themselves of the use of
Ergot, in slow and difficult labors arising from an atonic condition of
the uterus, or perverted function. I cannot give my assent to those
mythical relations of the effects of Secale third or thirtieth, in caus-
ing uterine contractions when deficient during labor-the proof is
not sufficient. I consider the Cimicifuga, as well as Secale, Caulo-
phyllum and other drugs possessing similar powers, as being seconda
rily homeopathic to conditions of uterine inertia. To explain :
The primary action of Ergot in moderate medicinal doses is to cause
contractions, more or less persistent, of the muscular tissues of the
uterus. Under the continued action of the drug these contractions
will become more intense and firm, until, from over-stimulation, an
opposite condition or muscular atony obtains. Now, this latter condi-
tion, with its accompanying symptoms, is a secondary effect of the
drug, as much due to pathogenetic action as was the primary. When,
in practice, we meet with similar conditions, i. e., when the uterus,
after vain and powerful efforts, becomes exhausted, Ergot is the
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA
225
proper remedy, if the primary symptoms correspond with those of the
drug, viz persistent and unintermitting contractions. But if the
uterine atony be caused by Ergot, then that medicine will not answer
our purpose, and we must resort to Cimicifuga, Caulophyllum, Uva
ursi, or galvanism. Secondary states of uterine muscular atony may
be brought on by all the last named agents, and for this reason they
will all be found useful in similar morbid conditions. The dose which
should be used in such cases should be as large as can be given with
safety to the patient, and just large enough to arouse the torpid mus-
cular tissue. My theory of dose, and which experience strongly sub-
stantiates, is, that for symptoms which simulate the primary effects of
the medicine selected as the remedy, minute doses should be admin-
istered; but larger doses for symptoms simulating its secondary
effects. In resorting to the Cimicifuga, in atonic labors, we need not
give the massive doses of the eclectic school-doses which tend to
bring on secondary exhaustion. I have found five to ten drops of the
mother tincture, every fifteen or twenty minutes, to be amply suffici-
ent to bring back or arouse the deficient vitality of the uterus.
there is an opposite condition of the uterus which sometimes obtains
during labor, a state of hyper-excitation, in which the normal uterine
contractions are spasmodic, painful and intensely powerful, but inter-
mitting, sometimes with cramps in the extremities, and a tendency
to general convulsions. Here the Cimicifuga is primarily homoeo-
pathic, and a small quantity of the third or sixth attenuation will
suffice to restore the normal parturient action. This medicine will
be found useful after labor, in producing firm contraction of the
uterus, expelling the placenta, or checking post-partem hæmorrhage.
But I think for this purpose the Secale is to be preferred, because of
its power to cause firmer and more persistent contraction. After-
pains are often readily relieved by small doses of Cimicifuga second
or third, or Cimicifugin third. I have used it with signal benefit in
those cases which seemed to be kept up by a neuralgic disposition, or
mental and nervous irritability, and the patient was sleepless, rest-
less, sensitive and low spirited.
But
Suppression of the Lochia is treated successfully with this remedy.
When from a cold or mental emotion the discharge is arrested, uterine
spasms and cramps in the limbs sometimes occur, accompanied with
headache, and even delirium. A case of this character which came
under my treatment, was relieved in a few hours by Cimicifuga sec-
ond trit., two grains every half hour. Warm fomentations were
applied to the abdomen and vulva, as should always be the practice
in such instances. It is useful to relieve those bearing-down pains,
indications of prolapsus, which women frequently suffer after severe
confinements. It is eminently homoeopathic to a tendency to abortion.
It has caused abortion in many instances, and is commonly resorted
to for that purpose by reckless women, and advised by still more
reckless physicians. It has been used successfully in those instances
of "habitual abortion," with the result of preventing the usual mis-
carriages in the second and third months. But unless the general
symptoms correspond, Caulophyllum, Sabina, Tanacetum or Helonias,
1
15
226
NEW REMEDIES.
will have to be selected. When the chill, uterine pain, tenderness of
the hypogastric region, and flooding have already set in, and the loss
of the foetus becomes imminent, the Cimicifuga, in small doses, may
arrest the progress of the morbid process, provided the membranes
have not become extensively detached. If the separated portion be
slight, and the patient be kept quiet, and the proper remedy given, I
believe it possible to prevent a further separation. If all hope of
saving the foetus be abandoned, and the uterus is deficient in expulsive
power, then this medicine may be given, as recommended for uterine
atony in labors. But no physician should rely alone upon medicinal
action in such cases. The placental forceps and blunt hook should be
used early and efficiently, to effect the entire removal of the contents
of the uterus.
Dr. Shide* gives cases illustrating its value in threatened abor-
tion:
I
'CASE I. Mrs. G. H., mother of four children, had during preg
nancy to run through the whole catalogue of ailments. The midwife
was called three or four times, and had to stay often two days; and
with headache, vomiting, fainting fits, ctc., the last four months of
her time were filled up. This spring she came under my treatment.
gave her a drachm vial of Cimicifuga º, and told her whenever the
bearing-down pains were felt, to pour about ten drops into a tumbler
half full of water, and take a teaspoonful every five or ten minutes.
With an occasional dose of Ipecac. this was all the treatment she
received. Her health was very good. She was on her feet up to the
last minute, and was delivered of a fine baby; the labor lasting about
twenty minutes. Her getting up was very good.
"CASE II. Mrs. W., mother of eight children. Prolapsus uteri
for about five years. Was taken about the fourth month of her preg-
nancy with false labor pains. Abortion was very likely to take place.
I gave her Cimicifuga, with the same directions as above. One
morning, sitting at the breakfast table, she had such a violent attack
that she thought she should certainly miscarry. She had just time
and strength to reach the bed, about four steps off, and fell down.
Her daughter brought her the vial, she poured with trembling hands
about a half drachm of the tincture in a cup of water and drank it
out at once. To use her own expression, she felt the pains ebbing
away. In an hour she was entirely well, got up and walked about a
mile to a neighbor's house, where I found her. About four weeks
after she had only one more and that a slight attack, which yielded to
a few doses of the remedy, run her full time without accident, and
was delivered of a healthy boy."
In prolapsus uteri the Cimicifuga is recommended by all eclectic
authors. But here, as in other diseases, it can be no general specific.
When the prolapsus is due to congestion, general or cervical, cervical
leucorrhoea, or comes on as a result of abortion, or getting up too soon
after confinement; and when a deficient innervation seems to lie at
the root of the difficulty, then this medicine will be found an excel
* American Homeopathic Observer.
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
227
lent remedy. Dr. Morrow, who probably used this agent more than
any other physician in this country, was very successful in the treat-
ment of prolapsus by its internal and local application. It already
stands high in the homoeopathic school in the treatment of uterine
displacements. (Podophyllum, Caulophyllum, Helonias, and Ascle-
pias tub., will also be found useful). In Ovarian diseases it will
undoubtedly be found valuable. A medicine which exercises such
profound influence over the reproductive organs must of necessity
influence powerfully the ovaries. Dr. Cleveland recommends it for
Ovaritis, and spasm of the broad ligaments (in the latter affection
Caulophyllum and Magnesia mur. are specifics). In irritable uterus,
next to Platina, Sabina, Aconite or Caulophyllum, it will be found the
most useful remedy we possess. Some writers recognize a variety of
epilepsy, having its origin in uterine disorder-the epileptic convul-
sion being due to reflex action. This form of epilepsy generally
occurs at or near the menstrual period. In such cases Cimicifuga
has effected cures. It has also broken up the tendency to hysterical
attacks occurring during the menses, also hysterical spasms due to
uterine displacements after the womb has been restored to its normal
position.
In puerperal mania it has been found curative. In part 43,
Braithwaite's Retrospect, Prof. Simpson reports a case of Puerperal
Hypochondriasis treated with tincture Cimicifuga. "A lady, the
mother of several children, was twice tho subject of the most painful
mental despondency a month or two after delivery. On one of these
occasions she was confined in London, and had the advice of several
eminent physicians; but the disease took a very long and tiresome
course, seeming to defy all remedies, and gradually and very slowly
terminated. On the last occasion on which the attack occurred, this
patient was confined under my care here, and went home to England,
some weeks subsequently, perfectly well. She returned, however, in
about a month, to Edinburgh, in the lowest possible state of depres-
sion, a perfect picture of mental misery and unhappiness. I tried
many plans to raise her out of this dark and gloomy state. All failed.
At last, fancying from some of her symptoms and complaints that
there might be a rheumatic element in the affection, I ordered her
fifty drops of tincture of Actea, thrice a day. After taking one dose
she refused to continue it, as the drug had a taste so similar to Laud-
anum, and as all opiates made her worse. On being reassured that
there was no opiate in the medicine, she recommenced it, without any
faith, however, in the results, as she had in a great measure lost faith
in all medicinal means. When I saw her next, some eight or ten
days afterwards, she was altered and changed in a marvelous degree,
but all for the better. On the third or fourth day, as she informed
me, the cloud of misery which had been darkening her existence sud-
denly began to dissolve and dispel, and in a day or two more she felt
perfectly herself again, in gaiety, spirits and energy. But nothing
would induce her to give up the Actea for six or eight weeks longer;
and the last time she passed through Edinburgh she told me that she
228
NEW REMEDIES.
had prescribed her own remedy to more than one melancholic subject
with nearly as great success as she had used it in her own case."
The successful treatment of this case was rather a piece of luck than
otherwise. It is doubtful, first, whether there was any "rheumatic
element” in the case at all; and second, the medicine did not cure
by anti-doting any "rheumatic element," but by virtue of its power
of causing a similar state of the brain, and of inducing similar symp-
toms. This medicine has always had great reputation, not only as an
accellerator in childbirth, but as a preventive of painful and difficult
labor. Wishing to test its value in these cases, I have often given it
to ladies whose previous labors had been slow and difficult, and gen-
erally with excellent results. It is best to begin three or four weeks
before the time of the expected confinement, and have the patient
take a few drops of the first or second decimal dilution, or trituration,
three times a day. During the last week the doses may be given
every four hours. One case will illustrate the success attending its
administration, as it is the type of many others. A lady, the mother
of three children, expressed great anxiety regarding her expected
confinement. She was in the eighth month of pregnancy. Her pre-
vious labors had been unusually severe, very tedious, painful, and
accompanied by fainting fits, cramps, agonizing pain, etc., before the
birth, and flooding, syncope, and many unpleasant symptoms after the
expulsion of the placenta. She took, for nearly three weeks, about
ten drops of Cimicifuga first dec. dil. four times a day. Labor came
on at the proper period, lasted only six hours; was not painful nor
difficult; there was no flooding, no fainting, and no cramps, and both
patient and friends were agreeably surprised. She got up in nine
days, and had a better convalescence than ever before. If this rem-
edy was useful in this condition alone, it would still be invaluable to
the profession. The editor of the London Lancet writes: "
"We are
disposed to admit the correctness of the observations of American
physicians who allege that it has a peculiar action on the uterus. In
the irritable condition of that organ, often observed in patients for
some time after menstruation has ceased, or irregular when about to
cease, and marked by pain more or less periodical in the lumbar
region, Cimicifuga affords rapid relief. In neuralgic pains, often met
with in such patients, in other localities, it is equally beneficial.
Females at the period of life we are speaking of, frequently suffer
from a distressing pain in the upper part of the head, recurring with
greater severity at night. These cases are very satisfactorily met by
this remedy. Pains in the mammæ, also, whether referable to uterine
disturbance or to pregnancy, are relieved by the Cimicifuga very
speedily."
In phlegmasia alba dolens I would advise it on theoretical grounds;
not having used it in that disease. Some of the symptoms of the
drug simulate that disease very closely.
Larynx.-Hoarseness, after rising; hoarseness; unpleasant full-
ness in the pharynx; constant inclination to cough, for half an hour,
caused by a tickling sensation in the larynx, at 7½ P. M. An attempt
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
229
to speak is followed by an inclination to cough; slight dry cough four
or five times, produced by tickling in the larynx; hoarseness in the
evening; short dry cough, several times during the evening, caused
by tickling in the larynx; fluent coryza; cough, particularly at night,
caused by tickling in the throat; very troublesome, hacking cough, of
some months' standing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The last two symptoms mentioned
above are marked "curative" in one of the provings. In my expe-
rience it has been used beneficially for coughs. It is well known that
many laryngeal symptoms result from uterine irritation. The morbid
excitation is transmitted through the medium of reflex action. The
Cimicifuga is especially indicated in such cases, or when cough arises
during pregnancy, or from amenorrhoea, etc. It is also useful in
those spasmodic actions of the larynx occurring in hysterical females.
Dr. R. C. McClelland, of Glade Mills, Pa., writes: "At present
I am using the Cimicifuga racemosa in catarrhal coughs of chil-
dren, especially at night or when coming in out of the cold; where
the child moans and groans, and tries to smother the cough. It gives
instantaneous relief. I use tincture or 1st dilution in water."
Chest. The pain in the head continued for ten days, followed by
coryza, with sore throat and a gradual extension of the disease to the
bronchial mucous membrane; dry, short and hacking cough, night
and day, continuing two weeks, which is uncommon, the prover not
having had a catarrh or cold for several years; acute pain in the right
lung, extending, from apex to base, about two inches to the right of
the sternum, aggravated by every inspiration, continuing for two
hours, and gradually diminishing in intensity until after retiring;
similar pain the next morning for half an hour, but much less severe;
lancinating pain along the cartilages of the false ribs, left side,
increased by taking a long inspiration, soon after waking at three P. M.
The same pain, very severe and piercing, so as almost to prevent
inspiration for a short time, immediately after retiring, between ten
and eleven, P. M., and continuing for half an hour; soreness of the
chest; cold chills and prickling sensations during the day, in the
(female) mammæ; prickling sensations in the breasts. Dr. Tully
says it causes cardiac palpitations, which, though transient and fugi-
tive, are often quite severe, with neuralgic pains through the chest.
In Drs. Hill and Douglas' proving, we find-Stitches in the region of
the heart, or in the heart, and pain in the left side of the chest.
""
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Lee says "the Cimicifuga has been
found a useful remedy in certain chronic affections of the pulmonary
organs.' Dr. Garden, of Virginia, was the first writer who called the
attention of the profession to this article in this class of cases. Hav-
ing observed its utility in domestic practice, he was induced to resort
230
NEW REMEDIES.
to it in his own case, which he considered one of "gastro-hepatic, or
dyspeptic phthisis," though the physical signs are not given. The
principal symptoms were a pulse of one hundred to one hundred
and twenty, harrassing cough, purulent expectoration, pain in the
right breast and side, hectic paroxysms, loss of flesh and strength,
frequent hamoptysis, and great derangement in the functions of the
stomach and liver. No other medicine was taken except the Cimici-
fuga, and to this, aided by a suitable regimen, the cure, which was
completed within a few months, was wholly attributed. Other cases
of tuberculosis are given where striking benefit was derived from its
use, and where the disease was evidently arrested by it. Dr. Garden
used it in his own and other cases in doses of "an ounce or two of
the tincture of the root once or twice a day. The tincture was pre-
pared with good rye whisky." He considers its effect on the head as
the test of the extent to which it should be carried. Such gross
abuse of a valuable remedy is worse than foolish. Just in the same
manner does the dominant school advise Quinine to be given until it
affects the head unpleasantly. But it is as unnecessary in the one as
in the other. A few drops of the mother tincture, or lower dilutions,
frequently repeated, will have a better and more lasting effect. Dr.
Hildreth (allopathic) says: "In nearly every instance the pulse was
reduced to near the natural standard, the hectic symptoms disappeared,
and with it the cough and other signs of phthisis." In acute phthisis,
uncomplicated with much inflammation, Dr. H. states that he has
often seen the most prompt action from the decoction, in throwing off
febrile excitement, or the hectic paroxysms, allaying cough, reducing
the rapidity and force of the pulse and inducing gentle perspiration;
also, he has found it of the greatest benefit"in those intermittent
congestions and inflammations, so frequent in the second and third
stages of phthisis from atmospheric exposure."
Prof. Lee says,
"there is every reason to place considerable confidence in Cimicifuga
in the early stages of tuberculosis, when there is a frequent hacking
cough and other signs of the malady. We have used it for many
years in such cases with much benefit, and have come to regard it a
possessing almost specific power in allaying pulmonic irritability, thus
abating cough, while it proves invigorating to the digestive organs.
It speedily checks the diarrhoea and night sweats of phthisis." Dr.
Wood thinks it proves useful in pulmonary complaints only by its
allaying irritation through its sedative properties. Prof. Chapman
has ranked it under the head of expectorants. This is all old school
experience. But we have good reason, judging from our provings, to
expect much from this remedy in some pulmonary complaints. It
cures cough, pains in the chest, dyspnoea, fever, night sweats, and
even diarrhoea. My own experience with it in this class of diseases
has not been extensive, yet I have cured some harrassing coughs,
with pains in the chest, difficulty of respiration and general debility,
with the lower dilutions. In diseases of the lungs, bronchia, etc., it
ranks with Aconite, Bryonia, Arnica, and Veratrum viride.
In pleurodynia it has been used successfully in many cases.
A stu-
dent came to me, complaining of a severe stitch between the sixth and
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
231
seventh ribs of the right side. It had seized him suddenly and was
agonizingly intense. He stated that such attacks generally laid him
up several days. He had usually taken Bryonia for it. Cimicifuga,
first decimal, ten drops every half hour, effected a cure in twenty-four
hours.
Dr. C. C. Smith* reports a case of pleurodynia: The patient
was a lady. The pain was seated in the right side, and so intense
was it the patient could not move at all without increasing the pain,
causing her to cry out. She was lying upon her back pressing her
hand against the affected side; breath somewhat short, slight cough,
no fever. Has had cold in the head for some weeks, but does not
catch cold easily; bears a good deal of exposure in bad weather with-
out interfering with her general health, which is good. Dr. Smith
prescribed Arnica 3d, no relief in twelve hours. Stopped the Arnica.
and gave Bryonia 3d; took this latter remedy through the night, no
relief till morning. Cimicifuga was then given-ten drops of the
mother tincture in half a tumbler of water one teaspoonful to be
taken every half hour until better, then every hour. The next morn-
ing the patient left her bed well; improvement followed the first
dose of the remedy."
"In a case of real pleurisy in left side, in a young lady, I made
up my mind to give the same drug a trial. Ten drops of the first
dec. dilution in half of a tumbler of water cured the case promptly
after a few doses. Pain had lasted all day, with some fever, and
inability to take a full breath. I saw the patient in the evening, and
found her well the next morning.
Since the publication of the first edition of this work I have
used the Cimicifuga racemosa very extensively in the treatment of
pleurodynia and rheumatism of the muscles of the chest. I can
confidently assert that it is far superior in these affections to Arnica,
Bryonia or Nux vom. If fever is present I usually give Aconite
alternately with it. I have, however, relied on the Cimicifuga alone,
even if febrilc symptoms existed.
Dr. Inman asserts that in true pleuritis no pain is present, that
the sticking pain usually felt is in the intercostal muscles. The proof
he adduces is quite conclusive. Therefore, while Aconite is indica-
ted for the pleuritis, Cimicifuga is more appropriate for the pain.
Dr. Geo. Logan writes: "In consequence of imprudence after my
primary efforts at skating, I was attacked with a severe pain in the left
side between the fifth and sixth ribs ; it was so intense that the slightest
effort to elevate the ribs gave me the most intense pain. Treatment:
Acon. 30, 3d, Bry. 3d modified the severity of the pain, but did not
remove it after using them for 24 hours. Took Cimicifugin, 1st trit.,
every half hour until six powders were taken. After taking the fourth
one I experienced a slight frontal headache, which became in one
hour very intense, after the remaining two were taken, so much so
that I could not sit still, must move about the office. Anxiety, with
multiplicity of ideas crowding the mind; nausea, followed by severe
* American Homœopathist, Vol, 1, p. 177.
232
NEW REMEDIES.
vomiting. The following morning I was quite free from the pleuro-
dynia. The primary symptoms of the drug in this case left me in
doubt as to its homoeopathicity, but having used it in a subsequent
attack, I am convinced that it will prove of great service in this
disease.
In a second attack of pleurodynia. "Very acute pain in
the intercostal space between the fifth and sixth ribs. Treatment:
Cimicifugin 1st cent. trit. Two powders removed the pain completely
and it has not returned since."
Dr. Neidhard reports the following case: James 0--
—, one of
the three months men, returned from the U. S. camp on the Susque-
hannah with a bilious remittent fever and a serious affection of the
lungs. The symptoms were the following: Aching over eyes, pain
in the head, from right side to the occiput, also pain in the back of
the neck, with swelling and redness; yellow thick coated tongue;
foul taste in mouth, with nausea; at first constipated, and afterwards
yellowish watery diarrhoea, with purging; difficulty of breathing, and
cough, with yellow expectoration; chills in the morning at 10 o'clock,
lasting from two to three hours, followed by fever during the day,
with cold sweats at night. From eating fruit he also had several
times a violent diarrhoea, with bearing down pain and involuntary
discharges, also coldness in the intestines all over; obstructions of
the pores. Veratrum viride and Sanguinaria canadensis had but
indifferent effect on these symptoms. Of more service was Podo-
phyllum peltatum, but it was not until I prescribed Cimicifuga race-
mosa that the disease was entirely cured. A physical examination of
his lungs showed decided symptoms of phthisis, which were subse-
quently relieved by Ol. Jec. aselli.
*
Dr. T. C. Miller, (eclectic), on the contrary, writes: "I must
deny all power of the Cimicifuga in phthisis tuberculosa. If a phy-
sician sets aside a careful use of the present diagnostic expedients,
he may then mistake another disease for this formidable and incura-
ble one."
"Even in chronic bronchitis I observed no benefit. Sometimes I
found cases where the liver was affected, secondarily, in consequence
of an affection of the spinal marrow, and the case presented to me an
external picture of phthisis pulmonaria, but auscultation and percus-
sion found the chest in a normal condition, except a nervous palpita-
tion of the heart and apparent induration of the liver. A careful
examination of the spine showed the primary seat of the disease.
Cimicifuga does not cure a primary disease of the liver, but some
secondary affection."
"We observe with some patients a very severe chronic cough
depending on nervous debility. There we find the black cohosh an
excellent remedy, unsurpassed by any other agent. In some of these
cases which are of long standing, it requires Iron in alternation, as
the blood is already affected."
For those obstinate pains in the left side, which females so often
*Tilden's Jour. of Mat. Med., p. 10.
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
233
complain of, this remedy is as nearly a specific as anything can be.
Dr. Simpson (Obstetric memoirs, vol. 1, p. 27,) in a paper on the
diagnosis of uterine diseases, mentions those "sympathetic pains in
different and distant parts of the body," which are really reflex pains
or neuralgias, caused by uterine irritation. Among these reflex pains
are- "pain in one or both mammæ,' pain under the left mammæ
and upon the edges of the rib on that side," "pains in the right
side," pain in some of the vertebræ of the back, pain in the sacral
and lumbar regions, pains in the abdominal parietes, and pains in the
joints, extremities, head and face." For all these reflex pains, when
dependent on uterine or ovarian disorder, there is no more useful
remedy than Cimicifuga. But it is peculiarly useful in the "pain
under the left mammæ." It occurs more commonly in unmarried
females, and is probably as frequent in cases of uterine affections, as
pain in the shoulder is in hepatic affections. The pain is sometimes
diffused along the side, but more usually it is limited to a small spot
not larger than a half dollar. When it is not severe it is not affected
by the act of respiration, but in more severe cases it is increased by
deep inspiration, and many a poor patient has been bled, blistered,
leeched, etc., over and over again, under the idea that it was an indi-
cation of pleuritic inflammation." Dr. Simpson used the Cimicifuga
in some of these severe and obstinate cases, and the pain rapidly sub-
sided under its use.
Diseases of the Heart may be cured or greatly palliated by Cimi-
cifuga. The functional disorders of that organ, the palpitations,
irregular action, etc., dependent on rheumatic or uterine irritation,
are benefitted by this remedy. In cases simulating angina pectoris
I have found it useful. In one instance, the pain, or rather intense
anxiety about the heart, with pain in the shoulder (left) and extend-
ing down the left arm, (the shoulder and upper arm feel as if " bound
to the side")—all subsided under its action after taking three drops
three times a day for a week. It has occasionally appeared since,
but promptly disappears after a single dose of Cimicifuga, In one
case of pericarditis following an attack of inflammatory rheumatism,
Dr. Marcy observed excellent effects from the use of the third dilu-
tion. It is better than Digitalis in heart affections, for while it con-
trols abnormal action it invigorates the nervous system and the gen-
eral condition of the patient. It does not interfere with digestion as
does Digitalis.
Dr. L. Walker of Michigan, related to me an instance in which
the Cimicifuga effected rapid and permanent improvement in a case
of evident disease of the heart, probably of rheumatic origin. As no
physical examination was made the exact nature of the condition is
not known. The history and symptoms of the case were as follows:
'Rev. Mr. W., aged 65, on the first of November, was attacked with
a severe chill, followed by high fever, nausea, pulse full, 90, intense
pain in the head, back, and extremities. The pulse was irregular,
but I was informed that it had been irregular in its action for twenty
years, dating from a severe illness at that time, said to be a "fever."
Two days afterwards he was better, fever subsided under the use of
231
NEW REMEDIES.
Gelseminum, 1st dilution, but there was some pain in the cardiac
region, with irregular but small pulse. Four days from the date of
attack I visited him and found him with but little fever, pulse very
irregular but small. The pain in the chest remained, and indicated
Bryonia, which was prescribed. The next day the pulse was very
irregular, now very rapid, then very slow, (like the pulse of Digitalis)
the beats of the heart were synchronous with the pulse, but were
labored and oppressed. The patient could not lie except with the
head elevated. Dyspnoea only occurred when lying horizontally. He
appeared very weak and depressed in spirits, but resigned. Arseni-
cum seemed indicated, and was prescribed in the 3d trituration, in
water. This medicine was given until the next day-24 hours, at
which time no improvement had taken place, but rather the reverse.
At this juncture Dr. Jeffries was called in consultation, who gave the
opinion that the "abnormal action of the heart was preventing the
proper arterialization of the blood," and gave an unfavorable progno-
sis. He advised that Aconite, Nux vom. and Gelseminum (2d) be
given in alternation. These remedies were given for two days, with
no beneficial effect. I then gave Arsenicum again, and continued it
for several days, but still no improvement. I then studied the symp-
toms of Digitalis and Spigelia, but could not decide to use them, and
the patient was slowly declining into an apparent typhoid condition.
I had just been reading the "New Provings," and the remarks relating
to the action of Cimicifuga on the heart, had impressed itself on my
mind. I determined to try its virtues in this case. It was therefore
prescribed-ten drops of the first decimal dilution was mixed with
half a glass of water, one teaspoonful every half hour for two hours,
and then every hour for three hours. At the expiration of this time
the pulse, which had not been improved by any other remedy, seemed
to have increased in volume and force. The medicine was continued
every two hours for twenty-four hours, when a decided improvement
in the pulse was noticed, and the patient expressed himself as feel-
ing better. There still remained great cardiac debility, any quick
movement, or rising from the recumbent or sitting posture, would
cause faintness and palpitation. The Cimicifuga was continued for
about two weeks, with steady improvement in all the symptoms, or
until convalescence was established. The irregularity of the heart's
action continued, however, and probably will, as it was undoubtedly
due to some organic disease of that organ." The action of Cimicifuga
in this case was evident, and we may safely place it among our most
valuable remedies in some diseases of the heart.
The following case simulated angina pectoris:
A woman aged fifty-five-ten years past her climacteric, plethoric,
subject to neralgia, dropsical for years, presented the following symp-
toms: Has just been relieved of a general dropsical condition
by Apocynum cannabinum. During the presence of the anasarca she
suffered much from cardiac oppression and palpitation, which I sup-
posed to be due to hydro-pericardium. But on the subsidence of the
dropsy the heart-symptoms became worse instead of better. I then
learned that she once had "neuralgia of the heart"-so called by her
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
235
physician. Several times a day she is now attacked with intense
pain in the region of the heart, great anxiety, livid or purple color of
the face; cold perspiration on the hands; numbness of the whole
body, especially the arms. The heart's action seems suspended by a
sudden spasm, during the presistence of which she cannot make the
slightest motion, but sits upright with a look of intense agony im-
presed on every feature. She says the heart's action ceases suddenly,
then a feeling as of impending suffocation sets in, the head is forcibly
drawn backward by the cervical muscles, and she becomes finally
unconscious. When she arouses, it is with palpitation of the heart,
numbness of the arms, pain down the left arm into the hand, and a
'sense of complete exhaustion.
I did not see her until she had several attacks. Arsenicum 3d
was first prescribed, and was taken for two days,-no better. Nux
vomica 3d for two days,-no improvement; then Naja 30 for two days.
Under the last remedy she grew worse. I then visited her. Ön
physical examination, the heart's action appeared to be normal, pulse
regular, but soft and quick. There was no water in the pericardium,
and the heart was not hypertrophied.
Cimicifuga was prescribed, 5 drops every hour for six hours,
then every two hours. She had a severe attack just before taking
the remedy, and two slight attacks after the first dose. Two days
after I was informed that no more paroxysms had occurred.
days afterwards and still no recurrence of the paroxysms.
Ten
There has been much said by a certain class of physicians of our
school, who seem to wish to ignore all new remedies, about the supe-
rior success of and brilliant cures made by the early homoeopathists
with the old remedies. This case might have been cured by Lachesis,
Aconite and other medicines, but the fact that it was cured by the
Cimicifuga in a very short time, should be a rebuke to those who
would gladly refuse to admit new remedies into the materia medica.
Cases may
arise for which none of the old remedies are indicated.
In such cases, should the patient die for want of the specific remedy,
where shall the blame rest?
Back.-Stiffness of the neck; drawing pain in lumbar region;
pulsating pain in the lumbar region; in the morning, on bending the
neck forward, he experienced a severe drawing, tensive pain at the
points of the spinous processes of the three upper dorsal vertebræ,
which continued for several hours; trembling and weakness in the
back; weak, trembling pain in the small of the back; same tired
feeling in the back, extending from the region of the kidneys to the
sacrum, relieved by rest and increased by motion; dull, heavy aching
in the small of the back, extending to the sacrum; dull pain behind
the right scapula; stitches in the back, below the right scapula; dull
pain in the region of the lower dorsal and upper lumbar vertebræ ;
pain below the left scapula; pains as of boils on the back and extremi-
ties; cramping in the muscles of the neck on moving the head, first
236
NEW REMEDIES
in the left, afterwards in the right side; occasional slight pain in
either scapula and right shoulder; weight and pain in the lumbar
and sacral regions, sometimes extending all around the body, some-
what below the crest of the ileum; rheumatic pains in the muscles of
the neck and back; a feeling of stiffness and contraction; feeling of
weight in the small of the back; drawing pain in a single muscle
between the right scapula and spine for some hours.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Cimicifuga exercises an undoubted
influence over the spinal cord, or its membranes, and for this reason
is capable of curing many affections arising therefrom. In true spi-
nal irritation, which is a functional disease of the spinal marrow,
this medicine is of great value. In this disease the spinal tender-
ness, and all the painful symptoms, are accompanied by no organic
change in the cord or the vertebræ. The cause of this disease,"
says Wood, "is not well understood. It occurs most frequently in
women, and especially during the menstrual period. It would seem,
therefore, to have some connection with the uterus. Of the exciting
causes, changes in the weather are probably among the most frequent.
Mental disturbance seems to be capable of inducing it. The most
rational view of the nature of the disease, is that the affection is
seated essentially in the ligaments of the vertebræ, and is generally
of a rheumatic or gouty character. It is readily conceived that irri-
tation may be propagated from this structure to the nervous tissue of
the cord, or at least to the nerves which proceed from the cord, and
receive as they pass an envelope of the diseased tissue." In this
affection I use the remedy internally and externally. The Cimicifuga
in drop doses of the first decimal-or Cimicifugin first decimal or
one-hundredth, and apply a lotion of one part of the tincture to ten
of water. Dr. Cleveland considers it specific for that painful affec-
tion—crick in the back. This may be only a symptom of lumbago,
but is in some cases due to a rupture of some of the fibres of those
ligaments which connect the spinous processes. Dr. Simpson and
the editor of the Lancet consider the Cimicifuga almost specific in
lumbago. Our provings give us ample basis upon which to select
this medicine. It causes nearly all the symptoms of lumbago, as
well as rheumatism of the dorsal and other muscles of the back. It
is homœopathic to that affection which Dr. Inman so correctly
describes in his work on Spinal Irritation"—a weakness (atony) of
the muscles attached to the spinous processes, etc. With regard to
the dose to be resorted to in these affections, I would advise the low-
est attenuations, for the reason that the rheumatic or neuralgic affec-
tions are caused by Cimicifuga, secondarily. I have never received
much benefit in those diseases from any dilution or trituration higher
than the third. The physician should not hesitate in obstinate cases
to resort to drop doses of the mother tincture. If we do get up a
slight medicinal aggravation, it cannot do as much harm as the con-
tinuance of the disease we are trying to combat.
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA.
237
Dr. H. B. Clark sends me the following clinical note on Cimicifuga
racemosa:
"J. M. R., æt. 43. House carpenter. Strong, hardy looking;
brown hair and eyes; grave, slow, unexcitable manner.
March 9th, 1865, consulted me in the following case:-Has
been troubled with a lame back, at times, since boyhood. Otherwise
been healthy, with exception of a rheumatic affection of the leg, last-
ing a few weeks, some four or five years ago. For a year has been
suffering from a pain rather obscurely located in the lumbar region of
the back and in the abdominal walls opposite. The pain is dull and
heavy generally, but sometimes is sharp. It is worse from standing
or sitting erect. When bending forward it comes in the back, when
squatting down it comes in the abdomen. It is worse from stormy
weather and from a cold. Movement relieves temporarily; is also
relieved by lying down. Suffers more when at leisure, sitting and
standing about (as on Sunday) than when at work. Otherwise is well.
Prescribed Cimicifuga, five drops three times a day. The patient.
being exposed to Variola was vaccinated at the same time.
"March 18th.-Reports that the vaccination (which ran the usual
course) made him quite sick, and that his back had pained him very
much. Continued medicine.
"(
April 6th.-Reports that while taking the medicine the back was
much better, sometimes entirely relieved. Has been out of medicine
for five or six days. Within a day or two, since a storm was threat-
ening, has been very bad. Repeated medicine.
"A month later he came voluntarily to inform me that he was com-
pletely relieved after a week's use of the medicine. I have no doubt
the relief was permanent."
Superior Extremities.-Dull pain in the right arm, deep in the
muscles, extending from the shoulder to the wrist, continuing during
the next day; itching and redness of the dorsal surface of the right
hand, in the afternoon, and especially in the evening; a single pim-
ple on the dorsal surface of the left hand, secreting a little pus at the
apex, disappearing in three or four days; itching of the dorsal sur-
face of the left hand and wrist, particularly on the dorsal surface of
the thumb, in the evening; small red papula first appeared, becoming,
after slight irritation, a diffused redness, which disappeared in a few
hours, but could be reproduced at any time by slightly irritating the
surface. This symptom gradually disappeared in a few days. Dr.
Tully says it causes neuralgic pains in the extremities. It has caused
some pains in the arms, with a numbing sensation, as if a nerve had
been compressed. These pains were first felt in the shoulder, and
passed down the arm and then the forearm, producing a very pecu-
liar, lame, numb, and sometimes cramping sensation, as in heart dis-
ease. Similar pains in the legs, but more severe and constant in the
238
NEW REMEDIES.
upper part of the thigh, about the hip joint and inguinal region
(Sciatica.)
Lower Extremities.-Stinging in the left great toe, for a moment,
on the lower surface, and afterwards on the upper, in the afternoon;
dull, aching, burning pain in the second joint of the right great toe,
extending up the limb, continuing an hour, from eight to nine P. M,;
the same pain, less severe, on the third evening.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It has been used with benefit in Sciat-
ica, and other rheumatic affections of the extremities. Dr. Marcy
writes: "We have been in the habit of employing this remedy occa-
sionally in rheumatic affections, during the past eighteen years. We
have prescribed all doses, from the nauseous decoction of the old
school to the highest homoeopathic attenuation, and good results have
followed both forms of the medicine-although experience has long
since taught us to rely upon the latter form. It is most serviceable
in articular rheumatism of the lower extremities—with much swell-
ing and heat in the affected parts. Like Bryouia, it exercises a
special control over inflammation of serous membranes; but its range
of action, and consequently its applicability in rheumatic affections,
are decidedly inferior to this drug." The Cimicifuga may be inferior
to Bryonia in its action on serous tissues, but it is far superior to
that drug in its influence on muscular and nervous tissues. Bryonia
does not cause or cure rheumatico-neuralgic pains, while Cimicifuga
does, in an eminent degree. Bryonia has no influence over reflex-
nervous pains, cramps, etc., while Cimicifuga controls many such
abnormal manifestations.
CISTUS CANADENSIS.
(Rock-Rose.)
ANALOGUES.-Ampelopsis, Belladonna, Calcarea, Corydalis,
Graphites, Hepar sulphur, Kali bichrom., Paris quad., Phytolacca,
Stillingia.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is also known by the name
of Frost-plant, Frost-wced, etc., because the roots throw off small
white icicles, which can be seen on frosty mornings, even when all
other plants already show little dew-drops, with all the colors of the
rainbow. It is a perennial herb, with a simple, ascending, downy
stem, about a foot high, at length shrubby at base. The leaves are
alternate, from eight to twelve lines long, and about one-fourth as
wide, oblong, acute, lanceolate, erect, entire, subsessile, tomentose
beneath, and without stipules. The flowers are large and bright
yellow, in interminal corymbs; apetalous ones smaller, lateral, solitary
or racemose, clustered in the axils of the leaves, nearly sessile; cor-
CISTUS CANADENSIS.
239
-olla of the petaliferous flowers an inch wide, with five petals, crumpled
in the bud, fugacious; calyx of the large flowers hairy-pubescent, five;
of the small, hoary. Stamens of the large flowers numerous, decli-
nate; of the small flowers, few. Style short or none. Stigmas
three-lobed, scarcely distinct; capsule smooth, shining, triangular,
three-valved, one-celled, opening at top, about three lines long; of the
apetalous flowers not larger than a pin's head; seeds angular, few,
brown. The yellow flowers open in sunshine, and cast their petals by
the next day.
•
In Eaton's Botany (8th ed., 1840,) we find, page 263: "In
November and December of 1816, I saw hundreds of these plants
sending out broad, thin, curved ice-crystals, about an inch in breadth
from near the roots. These were melted away by day, and renewed
every morning for more than twenty-five days in succession. P. 198,
This has often been observed in the sand-plains two miles north of
New Haven, Conn.”
Wm. Darlington, in his Flora cestrica (1837) says, page 314:
"Prof. Eaton and Dr. Bigelow have noticed the formation in freezing
weather of curiously curved ice-crystals near the root. I have seen
them very beautiful in the Cunita mariana, and Mr. Elliott remarked
the same in the Conyza bifrons.”
Has a satisfactory explanation anywhere been given of this most
remarkable fact?
[I am kindly permitted by Dr. Hering to publish his very com-
plete medical history and pathogenesis of this remedy. I have
retained his arrangement of the symptoms and plan of designating
the clinical observations, but have added a few of my own, after the
general plan of the work. To the medical history I will only add
'that Rafinesque did not seem to value it very highly, as he merely
remarks that "it is used by empirics for the cure of scrofula."]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-According to Noak, Cistus canadensis is not
mentioned in Schoepf's Materia Medica Americana, nor in Bigelow's
American Medical Botany. Can any of our colleagues give the earli-
est quotations?
It is an old, popular medicine in this country for all kinds of sc-
called scrofulous diseases, and had, after being introduced into Great
Britain in 1799, gained such a reputation that it was cultivated from
seeds. We may suppose, that in this way its reputation was lost
again. Because, according to Darlington, it grows only on dry mica-
slate hills and serpentine rocks, and is rare; according to Eaton it is
abundant at the foot of Pine-rock, New Haven, on the barren plains.
Thus, like Belladonna, which requires lime-stone ground, and
240
NEW REMEDIES.
Pulsatilla, which requires a ferreous soil, Cistus canadensis seems to
be dependent on the presence of talc (magnesia). If the analogy is
allowable, we might conclude, it will follow the Magnesia as well as
the Belladonna follows the Calcarea, and the Pulsatilla the Ferrum.
These plants are often indicated by the correspondence of the minerals
to a given case, and being often complementary to them, may thus
be given by preference, where those minerals have already been
administered with success, and vice versa.
Dr. Ives, of Yale College, has given it with great success in scro
fula, eruptions and other chronic diseases. Dr. Parrish also applied
it with great effect. Favorable reports have been published by Dr
Webb, of Madison County, and by Dr. Fuller, of Hartford. Dr.
Tyler, of New Haven, Ct., published a treatise on it; some extracts
from which, taken from the New Haven Palladium of March, 1852,
have been given among the symptoms.
In the years 1835 and 1836, Dr. G. H. Bute made the first prov-
ings with the tincture and first centesimal potence.
In scrofula cases, which had resisted even our antipsoric remedies,
he made, led by the similarity of some of his symptoms with some
symptoms of such cases, the first attempts to cure, and with great
success even with the. In tracheal complaints, where he had not
succeeded with his first potence, he was obliged to raise the potences
to the 15th centesimal. Later, it was given with increasing success
in the 30th by several homeopathicians. Lately most remarkable
cures have been made by the 200th.
A communication of Dr. G. H. Bute to C. Hering, of the first of
January, 1837, was printed January 18th, in the Correspondenzblatt
der homoeopathischen Aerzte, No. 13, paper in quarto, published only,
to save the high postage, among the members of the Academy at Allen-
town, Pa. It was copied in Jahr's Manual, and from this by Noak &
Trinks in their Manual, 1843, as well as Daphne indica and others;
and on page 659, the most absurd remark was inserted: "
part of the
symptoms cured were not contained in the proving." This must bc,
as a matter of course, the case with every drug, even in some meas-
ure with those most proved. By symptoms obtained on the healthy
in proving, we get the first indication to apply it as a medicine; and
if we succeed decidedly in cases with such a medicine, we may after-
wards also make use of the symptoms cured. According to Hahne-
mann, the latter have a subordinate value, unless they are of a general
character, as for instance in our Cistus; the great sensibility to the
slightest draft; the remarkable appearance of bodily symptoms after
CISTUS CANADENSIS.
241
vexation, &c. The absurd note mentioned above may have impeded
the more frequent use of the Cistus and other valuable additions to
our Materia Medica, as it contains the following remark, page 659:
"As the observations of Dr. C. Hering, because they had been
made, as well on the healthy as on the sick, always with the highest
dilutions and in globules, which is an equally ridiculous, useless and
resultless experimenting-have been so little corroborated, we must
withhold our confidence from the proving of this plant also," etc.
This note, not written by Dr. Noak, but by the other editor of this
manufactured compilation, was used and quoted as an authority by the
ignorant, to the great injury of our cause. It was written by one who
knew that his assertion was not truc, because he had augmented his
own Materia Medica by the provings I had handed to him of Plumbum,
Cantharides, Sabina and Paris; and by one who knew that I had made
all my provings up to this time with the strongest doses or the lowest
potencies, one single experiment excepted, the proving of the The-
ridion.
All the provings he objected to in his note as "ridiculous," have
been made by others and not by myself, and have besides that, been
made with the tincture and the first dilution. It is "useless" to say
more, but I hope it will not be "resultless" in lessening the quotation
of such an authority as the above mentioned compilation, which is only
surpassed in ignorance and boasting by another, in the hands of a
great many in this country.
In the Model-Pharmacopoeia, made by order of the Centralverein,
and prefaced and praised by the same Trinks,—not only in 1845, in
the first edition, page 85, but also in 1854, in the second, page 99,–
an inexcusable mistake is made, and our essentially different Rock-
rose confounded with a common shrub, growing everywhere in Ger-
many. If Gruner has made his tincture from the Cistus helianthemum
or Helianthemum vulgare for the German homoeopathicians, it is no
wonder they do not find it corroborate what we have observed from
our American plant.
The nearest relative to it is the old and once famous Resina Lada-
num or Labdanum from Cistus creticus, Cyprius or Ladaniferus, now
obsolete and hardly to be had genuine. We have to leave the prov-
ing of this to our friends on the shores of the Mediterranean.
The following indicates the various authorities for the symptoms:
B. Dr. Bute's Observations.
G. The symptoms of a very careful proving with globules of the
X., by Dr. Gosewisch, (January 30, 1837,) (died in Wilmington, 1853).
16
242
NEW REMEDIES.
* Indicates cured symptoms.
R. R. Related reports by different persons.
In all other cases the name of the observer is given.
The numbers (1,) (15,) (30,) (200,) indicate the potence,
RESUME.
*
Mind.-* All mental excitement greatly increases the suffering.
(1) B. * Bad effects from vexation. (1) B. * After supper, until
bed time-cheerfulness. G. Mental agitation increases the cough.
(15) B. 5. Every mental excitement is followed by stitches in the
throat, producing a cough. (1) B.
Head.—Headache all day; oppressive. B. Pressure above the
eyes in the forehead. B. Pressure in the glabella. B. Headache
in the sinciput after being kept waiting for dinner, which is better
after eating. G. 10. Headache in the right side, with piercing pain
in the eye. 16. Generally the headache grows worse towards evening
and lasts all night. (Puls.) G. Coolness on the forehead. 172.
* Head drawn to one side by swelling on the neck. 181.
Eyes.-Feeling as of a weight above the eyes. B. 15. Pressure
above the eyes. 7. Spasmodic piercing pain in the middle of the
upper rim of the right eye socket, with some headache on that side. G.
Stitches in the left eye. Feeling as though something were passing
around in the eye, with stitches. B. * Scrofulous inflammation of
the eyes of long standing. R. R.
Ears.-20. Discharge from the ears of water and bad-smelling
pus. B. Discharge from the ears. (15) B. Inner swelling of the
ears. B. High swelling beginning at the ear and extending half way
up the cheek. B. Inner swelling and discharge from the ears. B.
25. * Tetters on and around the ears extending into the external
meatus. C. Hg. Swelling of the parotid glands. 170.
Nose.-Sneezing without cold in the head or any other cause. B.
* Evenings and mornings frequent and violent sneezing. B. Cool
feeling in the nose. 45. 30. Burning sensation in the left nostril. B.
The left side of the nose grew painfully inflamed and swollen. (Cured
by Sepia.) B. *Painful tip of nose, which at first grew worse
and then was cured. G.
Face.-A feeling as though the facial muscles would be drawn to
one side. B. Heat and burning of the facial bones. B. 35. * Flushes
of heat in the face. (1) B. Half way up the cheek, swelling beginning
at the ear. 23. Vesicular erysipelas in the face. B. * Caries of the
lower jaw. B. Lupus exedens on the mouth and nose. R. R.
CISTUS CANADENSIS.
243
Teeth.-40. Twitching-sittching toothache in a decayed molar
tooth in the left upper jaw. G. Very scorbutic gums, swollen, sep-
arating from the teeth, bleeding easily, putrid, disgusting. (15) B.
*
Tongue.-- Dryness of the tongue and roof of the mouth. (1)
B. Sore tongue, as if raw on the surface. B. Continuous soreness
of the tongue as if raw. B. 45. Immediately after taking a dose,
(10 o'clock, A. M., X 000,) the tongue grew cool, then the breath
through the mouth and nose gave a decidedly cool feeling in the
larynx and in the windpipe. Much saliva in the mouth, which is also
cool. More mental calmness than usual, some sleepiness. G.
*
Throat. Impure breath. (1) B. The coolness, particularly
in the throat, continues all day. G. Inhaling cold air causes pain
in the throat. (1) B. * Inhaling the slightest cold air causes a sore
throat, which he has not when inhaling in the warm room; several
cases. (200) Dr. Guernsey. 50. * A feeling of softness in the
throat. (1) B. * Rawness, extending from the chest into the throat.
106. * A feeling as if sand were in the throat. (1) B.
* The
patient is constantly obliged to swallow saliva to relieve an unbearable
dryness, especially during the night. (1) B. Continuous feeling
of dryness and heat in the throat. (1) B. 55. * Dryness of throat
from 12 o'clock noon, until 1 to 3 a. м., at night, then better until the
next noon. Bigler. A small dry spot in the gullet for one year,
then general dryness of throat,-better after eating, worse after sleep-
ing, as if tearing asunder, the patient must get up and drink water.
The inside of the throat looks glassy; on the back of throat there
appear strips of tough mucus. (Better in two days. Montague.)
* Periodical itching in the throat. (1) B. *
Tickling and soreness
in the throat. (1) B. * In the morning sore pain in the throat and
dryness of the tongue. (1) B. 60. Tearing pain in the throat
when coughing. 108. Stitches in throat, causing cough whenever
mentally agitated. (1) B. * Fauces inflamed and dry, without feel-
ing dry; tough, gum-like, thick, tasteless phlegm brought up by
hawking, mostly in the morning. (30) B. Hawking of mucus which
is lodged at the head of the windpipe. G. * Hawking of mucus.
(1) B. 65. * Expectoration of bitter mucus. (1) B. * After dis-
charging phlegm from the throat he feels generally much relieved. B.
*
*
Stomach.-(Inclination for acid food.) B. (He wants cheese.)
B. Thirst with the fever. 171. 70. * Drinking water relieves the
dryness in the throat. 56. Cool eructations. 82. Eructation, with
feeling as though it would relieve. 126. Frequent nausea. (1) B.
Cold feeling in stomach before and after eating. 32. 75. Immedi-
244
NEW REMEDIES.
ately after eating, pain in the stomach. B. * After eating the
dryness of the throat is relieved. (1) B. Better after eating-pain
in sinciput. 9. Diarrhoea after eating fruit. B. After drinking
coffee, diarrhoea. G.
Abdomen.-80. Stitches in the left hypochondrium. B. In the
morning on awakening, a bruised pain under the hypochondria, with
flatulence. G. Before and after eating, a cold feeling in the stomach;
cold eructations. G. Cold feeling in the abdomen. G. In the eve-
ning the belly puffed up with flatulency. G. 85. Troubled with wind
in the belly at night. 160. Flatulence and uncomfortableness in the
intestines. B. Much flatulence and pain in the hypochondria. * The
wind is not incarcerated as often as before. G. Towards evening
flatulence. Last evening there was several times a discharge of wind
as when air-bubbles rise in water. G. 90. Itching of the belly and
umbilicus. G. Immediately after taking the dose, discharge of much
wind. B. Towards evening violent urging to stool; stool pappy.
In the morning thin stool. G. Till daybreak very thin stools, squirting
out, of a grayish-yellow color; until noon three more discharges. G.
95. Diarrhoea lasting a short time. B. (The thin stools are hot.) B.
Diarrhoea from eating fruit. B. After drinking coffee, a looseness
of the bowels. G. (?) In the groin pain coming from the back. 123.
100. Frequent itching on the scrotum. G.
G.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-(By Dr. Hale.) Dr. Comstock, of St.
Louis, sent me the following statement of its effects in chronic diar-
rhoea.*
I wish to call your attention to the virtues of this plant as
an empirical remedy for chronic diarrhoea and chronic dysentery.
"A prominent gentleman of of our city. some twelve years ago,
ead a chronic dysentery, and, in his own language, he had suffered
many things from many physicians;" and his case was given over as
hopeless by physicians of our school. Some friend induced him to
try Frost-weed tea, which cured him in a short time, (some twenty-
five days). This case came under my own observation, but at the
time I did not give the medicine much credit. The gentleman him-
self being a good talker, has recommended the remedy very exten-
sively and with good results. I have used it in a number of marked
instances of chronic dysenteric diarrhoea, (when all other remedies
giveu, secundum urtem, had failed,) with almost perfect succes.
I always give it in the form of a simple infusion, prepared fresh
every day, in doses of two or three swallows, every two or three
hours, or even oftener. I assure you it is worthy of further trials,
and in several instances it has relieved me of a good deal of trouble
and auxiety, and effected results that have indeed astonished me. I
have used it a good deal and can now call to mind only three or four
failures in all."
* American Homœopathic Observer, vol. 1, p. 122.
CISTUS CANADENSIS.
245
*
Chest. In the larynx and windpipe cool feeling. 45. Feeling
as if the windpipe had not space enough. 112. At night an itching
and scratching in the larynx and anxious dreams. G. Itching and
scratching on the outside of the throat in the region of the larynx. G.
105. * Pain in the windpipe. (1) B. Feeling as of rawness, ex-
tending from the upper part of the chest into the throat. (30) B.
* Cough from stitches in the throat. (1) B. * Cough, with a very
painful tearing in the throat. (30) B. * Cough, and her neck thickly
studded with tumors. 119. 110. * He bled at the lungs and his
scrofulous symptoms had returned. 181. In the evening, a quarter
of an hour after lying down, a sensation as if ants were running
through the whole body, then anxious, difficult breathing. He was
obliged to get up and open the window; the fresh air relieved him;
immediately on lying down again these sensations returned-two
evenings in succession. B * In the evening, after lying down, and
at night in bed, once a week or oftener, attacks of a kind of asthma;
he draws his breath with such a loud wheezing that it wakens others
sleeping in the same room. He has the feeling as if the windpipe
had not space enough. (30) B. Fulness in the chest. B. * Pressure
on the chest. (I) B. 115. Pain in the chest and in the throat. B.
Pain in the chest and in the shoulder. 126.
Neck.—Glands on the throat swollen. 23. * Scrofulous swelling
and suppuration of the glands of the throat. B. *Mrs. C., of deli-
cate constitution, when nineteen years of age, was afflicted with a
cough, and her neck was thickly studded with tumors, using the
Rock-rose she was restored and has not been afflicted with any such
symptoms since. Dr. D. A. Tyler, New Haven.
Mammæ.-120. After partaking of it frequently in the form of
tea for the sequelae of scarlet fever, it caused an induration of the left
mamma, which was taken for cancer and operated upon. Lippe,
* Inflammation of the left mamma, suppurating with a feeling of great
fulness in the chest. Pearson.
Back.-Itching on the back. G. Below the right shoulder-blade,
extending around to the front of the body, was a very much inflamed
spot about the size of the palm of the hand, painfully sore to the
touch; soon after pimples began to appear on this spot in a large
group, they caused violent burning. Later, a pain went from this
belt-like spot to the left hip and into the groin; the pain was like
rheumatism; motion increased it. B. * Scrofulous ulcers on the
back. (2) B. 125. A burning, bruised pain in the os-coccygis. G.
246
NEW REMEDIES.
Shoulders and Upper Limbs.—In the evening, violent pain in
the left shoulder and in the chest, with a feeling as though an eructa-
tion would relieve the pain. B. Pain in front of the right shoul-
der. B. (154.) The right arm and back of the hand are
painfully sensitive to the least touch. G. A sprained pain in the
wrist-drawing, scraping. B. 2. 130. Pain in the wrists. 152. In
the afternoon a bad pain in the right hand, so that he cannot use it.
B. 154. In the hands, drawing trembling feelings. 152. Pain
in the fingers of the right hand while writing. B. 135. Tearing
in finger-joints, 155. Pain in the finger-joints. The pain in the arm
extends to the tip of the little finger-periodically, a very sensitive,
piercing, drawing pain, so as to draw up the little finger. G. The
tips of the fingers were very sensitive to the cold; the pain becoming
more intense when they grew cold. G. Tetter on the hands at first
much increased, and afterwards much improved; little blisters, itch-
ing, oozing after scratching, with a hot swelling of the hands. They
were not on the back of the hand or on the joints or knuckles, but on
all other parts. R. R.
Lower Limbs.-140. * A lad seven years old had the " white-
swelling" of the hip for three years. The bone was dislocated upward
and outward; there was a large opening on the hip, leading to the
bone, into which I could thrust my finger. I counted three ulcers.
He had been under several physicians who had given him up. After
using a decoction of the Rock-rose, in two days his night sweats
ceased; thirty-nine days after he was entirely well. Dr. J. H.
Thompson, Philadelphia. Pain as from a blow or shock in the left
buttock, going down on the inside of the thigh bone, distinctly felt in
the knee-joint, and spasmodic drawing together of the calf of the leg.
G. Drawing, trembling feeling in the lower extremities. 152.
While walking a violent pain in the right thigh. B. Pain in the knees
sitting. B. 145. Pain in
Pain in the knee-joint. Tear-
and in the right thigh when walking or
the knee, coming from the thigh. 141.
ing in the knees. 155. Pain in the knee in the evening. 152.
Spasmodic drawing together of the calf of the leg. 141. 150. In
the evening a sharp, piercing pain in the right great toe. R. * Cold
feet. (1) B.
The Whole Body.-Involuntary drawing and trembling feeling
in the muscular parts of the hands and lower extremeties, with pain
in the wrists, fingers and knee-joints. B. Pain in all the joints. B.
In the evening pain in the knees, in the right hand and left shoulder.
B. 155. Always, on repeating the dose, a drawing and tearing in
CISTUS CANADENSIS.
247
all the joints, particularly in the knees and finger-joints. B. A bruised
pain in all the limbs, as if from fatigue. Trembling with the fever.
170. Sensation as if ants were running through the whole body, in
the evening, a quarter of an hour after lying down, then anxious,
difficult breathing. 111.
Anxious
Sleep.-Very restless at night the first night; the next night
slept well. G. 160. Very restless at night, pain from flatulency;
he could move the wind with his hands and hear it. G.
dreams. 103. In the night swallowing of saliva on account of
dryness. 53. *Must get up in the night on account of dryness in
the throat. * The dryness in the throat worse after sleeping. 56.
165. On awaking pain under the hypochondria. 81. * Night
sweats. 140.
Chill and Fever.-Chill succeeded by heat. 170. * Chilliness
B. Cold feeling in the abdomen. 83. 170. Cold feet. 151.
Violent chill succeeded by fever heat, with trembling accompanied by
a quick swelling and great redness of the glands below the ear and
in the throat. B. Heat with thirst, causing to drink frequently. B.
Heat in the face. 34, 35. In a very warm room the skin grows
moist; at the same time the forehead is not only externally cool, but
also there is a feeling of coolness inside. G. Cold air causes pains
in the throat. 48, 49.
Skin.—175. Itching all over the body, without eruption. B.
Itching on the abdomen and navel, 90; on the scrotum, 100. Vesi-
cular erysipelas on the face. 37. Eruptions on the back, like zoster.
123. Tetter on the ears,* 25; on the hands. 139. 180. Furun-
culi which commenced with a number of small blisters. Pehrson.
Lupus on the face.* 39. * For scrofula, a popular medicine in North
America. Mr. C., from a child, was afflicted with the scrofula, and
had also glandular swelling on the neck; at the age of sixteen he
was much worse, had eight abscesses on the neck, three ulcers on the
shoulder and three on the hips; at forty years of age he had his head
drawn on one side, and was unable to labor. After using the Rock-
rose for four weeks, the ulcers broke, discharged and healed; the
tumor lessened in size, his head resumed its natural position and he
went regularly to work. Later his scrofulous symptoms returned
again and he also bled at the lungs, for which he used it again with
the same beneficial results. Professor Ives. * Hard swelling around
all her syphilitic mercurial ulcers on the lower limbs: R. R.
Sides. First in the left then in the right shoulder; pain from
right to left side, 12, 67; pain from Zoster. 123.
248
NEW REMEDIES
185. Pain in the left shoulder and right hand. 154.
In the right eye-socket piercing pain and headache on the same
side, 16; stitches in the left eye. 17.
In the left nostril, burning sensation, 30; left side of the nose
painful, 31; toothache in the left side. 40.
In the left hypochondrium, 80; induration, (120,) and inflam-
mation (121) of left mamma.
Right side below the shoulder blade, eruption on, 123.
190. Pain in the right shoulder, 127; and in the left, 126, 154.
Right arm pains in (128), and in the right hand (128, 131, 154,)
while writing. 134.
Over the left hip pain, 155; and in the left buttock. 141.
Right thigh, pain in, 143, 144; and in the toes of the right foot.
150.
TIMES OF DAY.
* From noon until 1 to 3 A. M., the dryness in throat is worse. 55.
Afternoon, pain in the hand. 131.
Towards evening, flatulence, 89; and urging to stool, 92; cheer-
fulness, 3; puffed up with flatulency, 84; sneezing, 28:
*wheezing, 112; on two successive days difficult breathing after
lying down, 111; pain in the chest, 126; in the shoulder,
126; in the knee, 154; piercing pain in the toe. 150.
During the night, swallowing saliva to relieve dryness, 53;
wheezing, waking others, 112; scratching in the larynx,
103; at daybreak, diarrhoea, 94.
*
In the morning, thin stool, 93; sneezing, 28; sore throat and
dry tongue, 59; pain in the hypochondrium, 81; more ex-
pectoration, 62.
* All his symptoms worse in the morning. (1) B.
Forenoon, diarrhoea, three times. 94.
All day, headache, 6; coolness in the throat. 47.
WARM AND COLD AIR.
In a warm room moist, but cool skin. 172.
Fresh air through the open window relieves the difficult breath-
ing. 111.
When growing cold the pain in the fingers increases. 138.
Inhaling cold air causes sore throat. 48, * 49.
TOUCH AND MOTION.
The least touch increases the pain in the hand.
123.
Repeatedly after lying down the difficult breathing recurs. 111.
CISTUS CANADENSIS.
249
After lying down in bed, (fifteen minutes,) a sensation as if ants
were running through the whole body. 111.
When sitting, pain in the thighs and knees, 144.
Motion increases the pain.
123.
While writing the hand becomes painful. 134.
While walking pain in the thigh. 143, 144.
OTHER MEDICINES.
Coffee causes diarrhoea. G.
Sepia cured a painfully swollen nose. 31.
Belladonna, Carb. v. and Phosphor. acted favorably between
repeated doses of Cistus. B.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
(Stone-Root)
ANALOGUES. Esculus, Arnica, Aloes, Dioscorea, Hamamelis,
Hydrastis, Ignatia, Lycopodium, Sulphur.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Stem smooth, simple, round, straight,
one to three feet high; leaves serrate, with broad teeth, pointed, long
petioled, only two or three pairs, these cordate at base, broadly ovate,
acuminate, surface smooth, with small veins. Flowers opposite, on
long peduncles, with short subulate bracteoles, forming a terminal
leafless panicle with branched racemes. Corolla two-thirds of an inch
long, yellow, (exhaling a strong odor, like lemons,) tubular at base,
spreading above in two lips, upper lip very short and notched, lower
lip lobed on the sides and fringed around. Stamens two, long, pro-
truding, filiments filiform, anther-oval, style protruding. Seeds often
abortive, only one ripening. Root perennial, knotty, depressed, very
hard, with many slender fibres. This plant is indigenous, found in
rich, moist woods, from New England to Michigan and southward.
It is the only species of the genus in the northern States. There are
five other species but they are only found in North Carolina and the
Gulf States. The C. canadensis flowers in July and September, at
which time it should be collected and dried. The whole plant should
be used in the preparation of the tincture, although we find only the
root for sale in the shops.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-(1.) Tincture of the root and plant,
and dilutions. (2) Triturations of the root, tincture, and Collin-
sonin.
""
MEDICAL HISTORY." The Indians," says Rafinesque, writing in
1808, "used this plant chiefly for the healing of sores and wounds.
The same writer mentions a species growing in Kentucky and Ohio,
which is used indiscriminately with the C. canadensis, he calls it the
C. augustifolia. Later botanists make no mention of this species.
250
NEW REMEDIES.
From being used among the aborigines it passed into the hands of
the whites, and was used largely in domestic practice, and by a few
physicians who were not too bigoted to use indigenous medicines.
The botanics, and afterwards the eclectics, adopted it into their
materia medica. In the homoeopathic practice it was first noticed
publicly by Dr. Carroll, who recommended it in constipation, piles,
etc. It is now considered one of our most reliable remedies in those
disorders.
Analyses of the plant show it to contain a volatile oil, a resin,
tannin, gallic acid, starch, gum, sugar, and a peculiar bitter neutral
principle, Collinsonin, which possesses many of the medicinal powers
of the plant. Alcohol extracts the constituents of the plant wholly,
boiling water partially. Only a fragmentary proving has been made
of the plant, and none from the Collinsonin.
Dr. Lee writes: The medicinal virtues of this plant have been
pretty extensively tested in domestic, if not in regular practice, and it
is regarded as tonic, astringent, diaphoretic, and diuretic. With some
practitioners, it ranks very high as an alterative, especially in chronic
affections of the genito-urinary organs, as cystitis, catarrh of the
bladder, gravel, leucorrhoea. By the common people it is highly
esteemed as a remedy for headache, colic, indigestion: while many
cases of dropsy have been reported to have been cured by it. Its
influence over the secernent and absorbent systems is strongly
marked. Like all aromatics, it produces an agreeable feeling of
warmth in the stomach, increasing the force and frequency of the
pulse, and the warmth of the surface; while it diffuses a pleasant
glow over the system, without any special influence on the cerebral
functions. Its effects seem rather manifested on the organic and
sympathetic systems and the capillary circulation."
This is about as definite as an old school writer usually writes
about any medicinal agent. It leaves the student in a state of pro-
found uncertainty as to the real nature of its action. Let us be sin-
cerely thankful that Hahnemann gave us a system of drug-proving,
whereby we may escape from the uncertainties of old medicine. I
have not been able to get an extended proving of this plant, but have
noted some characteristic symptoms from its use, and have collected a
good many clinical observations, which may serve us as a guide until
we obtain a good pathogenesis. In the mountains and hills of Vir-
ginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia," says Rafinesque, "this
genus is considered a panacea, and used outwardly and inwardly in
many disorders. It is used as a poultice and wash for bruises, sores,
blows, falls, wounds, sprains, contusions, and taken like tea, for head-
ache, colics, cramps, dropsy, indigestion, etc." It is, therefore used
much as the common people in Germany use Arnica, which it some-
what resembles in some of its general effects on the system.
Head. Slight fullness of the head; throbbing in the head.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—I am inclined to think it only useful in
* N. A. Jour. of Iom., vol. 5, f. 546.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
251
gastric and hæmorrhoidal headaches. In headaches from indigestion
I have known relief to follow promptly upon its administration.
Gastric Symptoms.-Vomiting (from small doses of the fresh
root); vomiting, with pain and heat in the stomach; cramp-like pain
in the stomach, with nausea; sensation as of flatulence in the stom-
ach; rumbling in the stomach and bowels; agreeable feeling of
warmth in the stomach, with general glow of the system; increases
the appetite; excessive appetite.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In indigestion, from want of tone of the
stomach, and associated with constipation and hæmorrhoids, it rivals
Nux vomica. Both eclectic and allopathic physicians consider it a
valuable remedy for the expulsion of flatulence and the relief of
spasms of the stomach and intestines. Coe says (Conc. Org. Med.)
no better remedy can possibly be had for the relief of cramp in the
stomach, flatulent and bilious colics, and all spasmodic affections of
the stomach and back. Drs. Fowler and Carroll have found it
promptly curative in many cases of indigestion, loss of appetite, etc.
Intestines, Stool, etc.- Constipation, with a good deal of flatu-
lence; sluggish stool, with distention of the abdomen; heat and itch-
ing of the anus; hæmorrhoidal tumors; the hæmorrhoids re-appear
while taking the medicine for pulmonary hæmorrhage; loose, papes-
cent stool; diarrhoea, with nausea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has a really wide reputation in affec-
tions of the bowels and rectum. Coe says, "in diseases of the bowels
and rectum it stands unrivalled. We have experienced its sanative
influence in diarrhoea in our own person." It is useful in diarrhoea,
dysentery, and cholera-infantum. The specific homœopathic indica-
tions for its use in intestinal disorders are about as follows: In
diarrhea, when the discharges are mucus, or papescent, or watery,
with cramp-like or spasmodic pains in the bowels, also vomiting or
nausea. În the diarrhoea of children, so apt to be accompanied with
colic, cramps, flatulence, etc., it has proved an excellent remedy (in
the 3d dilution). In the so-called hæmorrhoidal dysentery, it has
proved curative in the hands of many of my correspondents. The
discharges are of bloody mucus, and are accompanied with tenesmus,
spasmodic tormina, expulsion of scybala, coated with bloody mucus,
heat and burning in the rectum. In constipation it has been used
very successfully by some of our best practitioners. Dr. Carroll
writes: "In cases of habitual constipation it is invaluable, produ-
cing not a mere transient relief, but correcting, apparently in a per-
manent manner, the morbid condition of the digestive system. I say
apparently, for, although I have tested its virtues with success in a
good many instances, I have only known it for a year, and conse-
quently cannot say how enduring its remedial action may prove. I
may only say, that in my own case, having been for fifteen years suf-
fering from the reactive effects of a series of cathartics administered
with systematic cruelty during my infancy, I succeeded a little more
252
NEW REMEDIES.
than a year ago in overcoming, by a month's use of the Collinsonia,
the existing condition of affairs, and since that time I have not been
obliged to recur to it for aid." Indeed, it has so far proved invari-
ably remedial in all troubles depending on constipation. Dr. Fowler,
in Cases I, II, and III, recorded below, gives its excellent results in
obstinate and habitual constipation, associated with hæmorrhoids. I
have used it in several similar cases, and so far with the best results.
“The most remarkable influences of the Collinsonia," says Coe, "are
observable in. hæmorrhoids and other diseases of the rectum. The
most inveterate and chronic cases are relieved, and frequently cured,
by this remedy alone. We have known it to act promptly in sup-
pressing hæmorrhage from the bowels, (?) and in relieving those dis-
tressing pains characteristic of hæmorrhoidal affections." We have
also from homœopathic sources some valuable testimony relating to the
curative power of Collinsonia in hæmorrhoids. Dr.E.P.Fowler* writes:
"Some two years since I remarked to a friend and patient that I was
honored with a number of cases of obstinate hæmorrhoids, and that I
really wished that I possessed some means of curing them, without
danger of entailing some more serious disorder. My friend replied
that he could tell me of a remedy, and remarked that two or three
years ago he was an absolute martyr, in fact crippled with hæmor-
rhoids." The remedy was Collinsonia, and this patient was cured by
the following preparation: A small handful of the chopped root was
put into a quart of water, and it was boiled down to a pint. This he
took three times a day,—a small wine-glass full. He was cured in
two weeks. This gentleman added that he "had made some most
remarkable cures among his friends." Dr. Fowler adds:
"Upon
his description of the root, I remembered having in early boyhood
gathered from the woods some of the same kind of root for an old
gentleman, who was by its use fully freed from hæmorrhoids of over
twenty-five years standing." Dr. F. reports the following cases:
Case 1. "Mr. J. E. J., whose sufferings from hæmorrhoids ren-
dered his life almost a burthen, and completely disabled him from
business. I gave him two or three handsful, and directed him to use
it in the manner described to me by my friend. He commenced its
use, but found that it acted as an emetic. I then told him to take a
dessert spoonful twice a day. This he did without disturbance to
the stomach, and in somewhat less than three weeks reported himself
to us, to use his own words, the humble and grateful subject of a
real miracle-cured.' About two months after he had a slight return
of the old trouble, but after taking the Collinsonia four days, was
again well. My attention was attracted to another feature in this
case. For years the patient had been a victim of most resolute con-
stipation, and never had relief without the aid of enemas; and as
these could not be administered without irritation and pain, the con-
sequence was, that about four or five days were allowed to intervene
between each time. The patient said that he was not more surprised
at the rapid cure of such an old chronic complaint as the hæmor-
rhoids, than by the fact that the remedy had established a free and
* N. A. Jour. of Hom., vol. 6, p. 80.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
253
natural daily action of the bowels, which continued after the use of
the medicine was suspended. Before the second attack he became
again constipated, and was again relieved as before. He also attrib-
uted a cessation of dyspeptic troubles and an increase of appetite,
which was never more than indifferent, to the use of the drug. But,
whether this may have been owing to the direct action of the drug
upon the stomach, or whether it may have been a secondary effect
from relieving the intestines, is, of course, difficult to decide."
Case 2. "Was a gentleman afflicted with flowing piles,' who had
submitted to almost every kind of treatment, both local and that
addressed through the system, and invariably leaving the successive
doctors' hands in a more miserable condition than he entered them.
He had, in fact, come to consider medicine as a downright humbug,
and came to me in a state of incredulity, only by having heard of
some of the cures that I had made with Collinsonia. This patient
was troubled with alternate constipation and diarrhoea, and the hæm-
orrhage was incessant, though not profuse. He was light complex-
ioned, thin, nervous, and dyspeptic. I put him on one tablespoonful
of the decoction three times a day. For the first week the action
seemed to be almost wholly confined to the kidneys, and just as I was
upon the point of considering the case non-amenable to the remedy,
the renal action ceased, and the hæmorrhoids began to be relieved.
Gradually the bowels gained a regular, normal, peristaltic action, the
appetite and power of digestion became improved, and at the end of
eight weeks, the patient pronounced himself in every respect well-in
mind, as well as body.
ment.
1
Case 3d. "Was an engineer, of extreme bilious, nervous tempera-
He came to me for varicocele, which was considerable, and at
times irritable. He had extreme constipation, and from various indi-
cations I deemed his complaint consequent upon constipation, and
having observed the effect of Collinsonia in this respect, I gave it to
him in the same manner as I had done to the preceding cases. I do
not remember the exact length of time that he was under my charge;
it was less, however, than four weeks, the action of the bowels became
regular and natural, and the varicocele disappeared. This was about
a year ago, and he has remained well since.
""
Case 4th. This case was a lady who suffered from a bad form of
hæmorrhoids, also from terrible dysmenorrhea. Gave her the Collin-
sonia, as I had given it to the others, and at the end of six or seven
weeks the hæmorrhoids were gone, and she had been exempt from
dysmenorrhoea. She has since had one or two slight returns of hæm-
orrhoids, but which have rapidly yielded to a two days' use of this
remedy. In this case there was almost constant diarrhoea and loss of
appetite; the diarrhoea ceased, and the appetite became, as the lady
thought, 'quite indelicate.' Dr. Fowler found it "an excellent
remedy for the tenesmus of dysentery." "So far as my experience
goes, this root seems to be a prime remedy for hæmorrhoids, dysmen·
orrhea, constipation and dyspepsia, in fact it seems to be soothing to
all inflammation of the lower viscera."
254
NEW REMEDIES.
"R.S."* reports a case of constipation of five days' continuance,
in an old man of 71, accompanied with retching, eructation, coughing
of tough grayish mucus; cured with Collinsonia in thirty-six hours.
In my own practice I have found the Collinsonia a valuable remedy
in constipation, flatulence and hæmorrhoids. One case of the latter
affection is of sufficient interest to mention :
A gentleman of middle age, a book-keeper, of sedentary habits,
standing most of the time at the desk, and an inveterate smoker,
applied for relief from the following symptoms: Slow digestion, not
constipated, alvine evacuations, soft, once a day. Severe weight in
rectum, with an intense irritation, itching, and a sensation in the rec-
tum as if sticks, sand or gravel had lodged there. Small tumors pro-
truded from the anus, but were not very sensitive, without bleeding.
In the morning the symptoms were alleviated, but were aggravated
as the day approached evening, when the irritation becomes intol-
erable, often preventing sleep until a late hour. Esculus hip. was
thoroughly indicated, but I wished to try the Collinsonia. Having
none of the tincture, I prescribed Collinsonin, 2d trit., one grain
every four hours. In three days all the symptoms vanished. I gave
him some pellets of Esculus to take if the Collinsonin failed to
relieve, but he did not use them.
Dr. Holcombe remarks, in a paper on "Medicines and Doses," +
that the late Dr. Stewart, of Natchez, used to call the Collinsonia a
"trump card" in congestions of the pelvic viscera. Dr. Holcombe
states that he has verified its importance in obstinate cases of hæmor-
rhoids and leucorrhoea.
Prof. G. W. Barnes writes me: "The Collinsonia canadensis
has been employed by me with success in several cases of hæmor-
rhoids. The symptoms most indicating its use in connection with
piles are constipation and pains in the epigastrium. I have known.
this last symptom to arise from the use of the tincture in two cases,
and have known it to disappear in other cases from the use of the
remedy, in the 2d decimal dilution."
Urinary Organs.-"For the first week its action seemed to be
almost wholly confined to the kidneys.”—(Fowler). Probably in
increasing the amount of urine, as it is a diuretic.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. King says, "it is used in gravel,
catarrh of the bladder, and urinary disorders." Jones & Scudder
record that it is esteemed diuretic, and has been used in dropsies,
and chronic diseases of the urinary passages; it is reputed lithon-
triptic, but we doubt its capability of dissolving urinary concretions,
although it may be serviceable in allaying the irritation caused by
them." Prof. Lee says it is a "valuable alterative in chronic dis-
eases of the genito-urinary organs." Some patients of mine have
related to me some extraordinary cures by means of this remedy, of
gravel," of which they were once victims. What the real disorder
was I could not determine, although from the description of the
* Amer. Hom. Observer.
† U. S. Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. 1, p. 232.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
255
patients it must have been some chronic affection of the kidneys or
bladder, in which calculi were present. We may safely deduce, from
our actual knowledge of its virtues, that it will be found more useful
in chronic than acute affections of the urinary organs. It will prob-
ably prove useful in chronic cystitis, urethritis and nephritis; also in
affections of the bladder arising from diseases of the rectum.
Genital Organs of Women.-Dr. Carroll thinks that it is capable
of producing abortion in the early months of uterine gestation.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is said to be curative in some forms
of leucorrhoea. It has cured, in the hands of homoeopathic practi-
tioners, leucorrhoea, prolapsus, dysmenorrhoea, etc., as the following
cases will show. It will strike the critical reader, however, that
nearly all the abnormal conditions of the uterine organs were really
dependent upon diseases of the rectum or bowels, as constipation or
piles, and that when the Collinsonia removed the latter diseases, the
uterine disorder disappeared. It is too often overlooked by the care-
less and unobservant physician, that a prolapsus or retroversion may
be caused by constipation; a pruritus or leucorrhoea, by hæmorrhoids,
and even a congested cervix by an acute or chronic dysentery. It
seems very probable that it will be found curative in vicarious men-
struation, when the substitutive bleeding is from the hæmorrhoidal
veins. In amenorrhea from congestion of the uterus and pelvic
viscera, it may be found beneficial. In menorrhagia from the same
cause, it will prove equally useful. Abortion may be prevented by
its use, when that accident is impending, as a result of constipation,
piles, etc. I am not prepared to believe, however, that its action on
the uterus is direct.
"In
Dysmenorrhea.—We cannot find any recommendation for the use
of this drug in painful menstruation in the literature of the allopathic
schools, but it appears to have been used successfully by homoeopath-
ists in that affection. Dr. A. L. Carroll,* of New York, says:
dysmenorrhea its action is most powerful-so powerful that I am led
to believe it capable, during the early periods of utero-gestation, of
producing abortion. In no instance that has fallen under my notice,
has it failed to relieve promptly this menstrual derangement, which
is so common among all classes of women in our climate, and I am
convinced that when more extensively known it will be found a speci-
fic in this form of disease." Dr. Fowler, (case four) under the head
of Hæmorrhoids, reports a cure of dysmenorrhoea, complicated with
piles, loss of appetite, and constant diarrhoea. Dr. Snelling adds hist
testimony to Dr. Carroll's, in regard to its efficiency in dysmenorrhoea.
There is no doubt," he remarks, that it exercises a strong specific
influence over the female organs of generation, as we have also seen
distressing symptoms of pruritus, and prolapsus of the womb yield
under its use. "A lady aged about 35, unmarried, had suffered for a
long time past with all the distressing symptoms of a uterine prolap-
sus, complicated with pruritus, dysmenorrhoea, and most obstinate
constipation. She had been for some time under the care of a dis
* N, A. Journal of Homœapathy, vol. 5, p. 546.
256
NEW REMEDIES.
tinguished practitioner for the prolapsus uteri, who, after relieving
the more urgent symptoms, and restoring somewhat the tone of her
system, told her that her only safety lay in avoiding constipation, and
to this end prescribed a cathartic pill, which was to be taken as occa-
sion required. Under this course she was gradually but steadily
retrograding. Each recurring menstrual period brought its days of
acute suffering, and confinement to the bed. Every movement of the
bowels was accomplished only by the aid of a strong cathartic, and
this had come to be an act of suffering and dread from the painful
prolapsus of the womb at these times. The bowels refusing to act,
it became necessary frequently to repeat again and again the opening
pills, before their torpor could be overcome, and then a quick suc-
cession of copious and debilitating liquid stools would leave her pros
trate for days. She thus alternated between a state of absolute
inaction of the bowels, with its traiu of attendant evils, and the
exhaustion consequent upon hypercatharsis. April 3d.-She was put
upon three grain doses of Collinsonia can., one quarter trit., three per
diem, with directions to abstain from the use of the habitual cathar-
tic as long as was possible for her to do so; no other change whatever
was made. Twenty-four hours had elapsed since the bowels had
moved. Slight pains at times in the back and uterine regions, with
distressing pruritus. Appetite small, pulse normal. April 5th.-
Natural movements of the bowels without other assistance. No other
effects. April 7th and 8th.-Healthy movements from the bowels.
April 10th.-Much improved in every respect; constipation entirely
removed; symptoms altogether so marked better that the medicine
was discontinued for one week. During this week the monthly turn
passed over with much less than the usual amount of suffering,
though some imprudence in diet was followed by colicky pains in the
abdomen; these, however, passed over. At the end of the week the
constipation having somewhat returned, the remedy was resumed,
followed in twenty-four hours by a natural movement from the bowels.
The medicine was continued for one week and then given up. The
relief was complete and permanent. No subsequent symptoms made
their appearance, and a few days since she expressed herself as per-
fectly and entirely well, "without an ache or a pain." During the
course of the administration of the remedy, the pruritus, dysmenor-
rhoea, and symptoms of prolapsus uteri, were quietly and completely
removed." It may be that Collinsonia does not act specifically and
directly upon the uterus, but cures congestions, pains, prolapsus, etc.,
by removing diseased conditions from other of the pelvic viscera.
Dr. Cushing, of Lynn, Mass., reports relative to its successful use
in pruritus : "Mrs. A., eight months pregnant, (fourth pregnancy),
has violent itching of the genitals, parts badly swollen, dark red and
protruding, cannot walk or lie down, is almost wild with the itching,
looks haggard and an object of pity. At 11 A. M., dissolved a few
No. 4 globules of Collinsonia 3d, in one-half a glass of water, ordered
one teaspoonful every hour, with nothing external, as she had used
washes, poultices, etc., etc. The itching increased till near evening,
when it rapidly subsided, the swelling disappeared, the muscles con-
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
257
tracted, and so sudden was the change that the patient fainted. Feb.
10.-To-day the patient is about the house, no itching, no swelling, no
soreness.
Dr. Krebbs, of Boston, reports a complicated case of dysmenorrhaa
with constipation; cured rapidly with this remedy.*
Case 1st. On the 19th of November, 1864, I was called to see a
young woman who was suffering from dysmenorrhoea and menstrual
convulsions. She had been subject to these attacks at each menstrual
period for the last four years, and had been under allopathic as well
as homoeopathic treatment, without receiving any permanent benefit.
The mother of the patient said that the homoeopathic medicines had
helped her daughter the most in controlling the violence of the spasms.
The convulsions were generally preceded by severe pain in the region
of the womb, amounting to twenty and more, in paroxysms of fifteen
or twenty minutes duration, and requiring two or three persons to
prevent the patient from hurting herself.
On further inquiry I was told that she was subject to extreme con--
stipation, and that she would sometimes go a week or ten days with.
out having a movement from the bowels. She had been treated by
different physicians for prolapsus uteri, because some symptoms were
indicative of that complaint. I will mention one: She was unable
to walk, and had to be carried from the house to the carriage in the
arms.
After I had summed up all the symptoms, I concluded to give
this patient Collinsonia, the third, one drop in twelve powders of
sugar of milk, one powder every three hours, until better; then one
or two a day only.
The next day I found the patient a good deal improved; her
mother told me that she had had two more convulsions in the even-
ing, but that to-day she was uncommonly comfortable, because at
other times she would usually remain in a stupor for twenty-four
hours or more, and then come out of it with a severe headache. The
same medicine was continued, one powder twice a day.
In two weeks the patient called on me, saying that she had not
felt so well for years, that her bowels were regular, free of all pain,
and she could walk a mile or two, a thing she had not done for a long
time.
It is now about eight months since I prescribed the one drop of
Collinsonia, the patient has remained perfectly free from the former
menstrual disturbances, regular in her bowels, and able to walk from
three to four miles daily.
Remarks.-This seems to have been an aggravated case of consti-
pation in which the Collinsonia acted specifically; the cause of the
disturbance having been removed, return of health was the natural
consequence.
* Medical Investigator, vol. II, p. 112.
17
258
NEW REMEDIES.
Genital Organs of Men.-It has proved useful in gleet. It is
indicated in spermatorrhoea from hæmorrhoids and constipation. Dr.
Fowler (Case 3d) cured a case of varicocele from the above mentioned
causes.
Respiratory Organs.-We find no extended mention in allopathic
or eclectic therapeutics, of the use of Collinsonia in affections of the
pulmonary organs. It has, however, been used in the new school
with success. The following case, illustrating the use of Collinsonia
in pulmonary hemorrhage was reported by Dr. Liebold, of Newark,
N. J.*—“On the evening of the 11th of August last I was
called in haste to the bedside of Mr. G., an American, about
forty years of age, who had just had the third attack of
pulmonary hemorrhage under allopathic medication, in the space
of four days. He had lost about a pint of moderately fresh looking
blood each time, but this time more than previously. The history of
the case was, that he had "inflammation of the lungs" two years ago
treated allopathically. Up to this day he was comparatively well,
and could assign no cause for his present sickness. On the first day
he got sick he passed blood per anum too, but not subsequently,
With a short hacking cough, he raised almost without intermission
and spat very tough and dark coagula of blood, as large as a bean,
enveloped in viscid phlegm. Of course he felt somewhat uneasy in
his chest, but had no pain. I put him on Hamamelis virginica for
three days, but the hemorrhage returned twice, on the 12th and 14th,
although diminished; the spitting of blood remained about the same.
Then I gave Ferrum-aceticum; for twenty-four hours, some hemor
rhage. Lycopus virginicus for twenty-four hours.
August 16th. No better. Complains of great inconvenience
from constipation. Gave Collinsonia canadensis one-fourth, one
powder every three hours (having in view only its gentle laxative
power). The next morning I was greeted, 'Well, Doctor, that is the
right remedy, that will cure me,' and so it did almost. I say almost,
for notwithstanding he took it up to the 25th, by and by, at longer
intervals,' there appeared for the last four days, two or three times,
blood in his sputa. The cure was completed by Conium 1st, in two
days. Saw him well to-day. The Collinsonia can. acted in this case
not in the least on the bowels, more on the kidneys, but developed an
admirable carminative power. So also said a lady who took it for
dysmenorrhoea, and who called them only by the name of wind
powders. Mr. G. never had hemorrhoids."
* North American Journal, vol. 7 page 494.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
259
[Since the preparation of the above article the following Proving was presented by W. H.
Burt, M. D., to the Western Institute of Homœopathy, at its third Annual Meeting, held at
Cleveland, May 23d and 24th, 1866. The resume and clinical observations following are also by
Dr. Burt.]
PROVING BY W. H. BURT, M. D., OF LINCOLN, ill.
April 27th, 1866. In perfect health; bowels move once a day,
moved this morning at 7 A. M. Tongue clean, good appetite. My
temperament is sanguine nervous. Æt. 30, weight 145 lbs. 11 A. M.,
took half an ounce of the third decimal, prepared in water from the
second alcoholic dilution. In half an hour dull pain over the eyes,
with pressing pain in the right temple; distress in the umbilicus,
and eructations of air. 12 M. Dull frontal headache, with tearing
pains in both knees, passing down the inside of the legs to the feet
while sitting; neuralgic pains in the superior maxillary bone when in
the open air. 2 P. M. Dull frontal headache, with frequent rheumatic
pains in the arms, hands and legs. 3 P. M. Dryness of the nostrils,
with frequent sharp pains in the right temple, and dull aching dis-
tress in the stomach and bowels. 4 P. M. Sharp, cutting pains in the
stomach for five minutes while sitting down; no more symptoms.
April 28. Slept well, but feel languid. 10 A. M. Took half an
ounce. 12 M. Dull frontal headache, with frequent flying pains in the
legs; slight nausea, with distress in the stomach and bowels. 9 P. M.
Great lassitude, with desire to sleep all day; no stool.
April 29.
Awoke with dull headache, and a feeling of great
lassitude, which lasted all day, with great desire to sleep; no stool.
April 30. Feeling languid, took half an ounce of the second deci-
mal dilution in water. Produced constipation for two days, with a
feeling of great languor.
May 1. Took twenty drops of the tincture prepared by Dr. E.
A. Lodge. At 5 P. M., thermometer 56, strong west wind. 7 P. M.
Light colored, lumpy stool, with hard straining, followed by dull pains
in the anus and hypogastrium for half an hour. 9 P. M. evere nau-
sea, with hard cutting pains in the hypogastrium, and frequent emis-
sions of flatus from the anus,-lasted one hour, when I went to sleep.
May 2. Awoke twice in the night with sharp, cutting pains in
the hypogastrium. Awoke at 4 A. M., with severe cutting pains in
the hypogastrium, and great desire for stool. Stool first part hard
and lumpy, last part run from bowels thin as milk, with severe
pains in the hypogastrium, accompanied with s raining, severe nausea
and fainting. The pains continued for fifteen minutes, when it was
followed by another copious watery stool, with the same symptoms of
the first. Went to bed, slept one hour, when I awoke with great pain
260
NEW REMEDIES.
in the hypogastrium and desire for stool. Stool of bile, mucus and
yellow matter, accompanied by severe tenesmus, and followed by hard,
cutting pains in the bowels. Tongue coated yellow along the centre
and base, with a rough, bitter taste in the mouth. Feeling very
weak and faint. Face quite yellow around the eyes. 8 A. M. Since
last stool have had severe, cutting pains in the hypogastric region
every ten or fifteen minutes, the pains were so hard that I was com-
pelled to sit down each time, and became very faint; stool of yellow
fæcal matter, mucus and about one teaspoonful of blood, with tenes-
mus, and followed by sharp, cutting pains in the hypogastrium for
fifteen minutes. 10 A. M. Small stool of mucus and blood, with tenes-
mus, preceded and followed by sharp, cutting pains in the hypogas-
trium. 12 M. Stool of bilious matter, mucus and blood, with the
same symptoms as the last stool; dull distress in the right hypochon-
drium. Urine high colored and scanty. Nausea while sitting, with
cutting pains every few minutes in the whole hypogastrium. 2 P. M.
Cutting pains in the hypogastrium, with stool of bilious matter,
mucus streaked with blood, and tenesmus.
10 P. M. All the
afternoon and evening had cutting pains in the hypogastrium every
half hour to one hour, that would last from two to five minutes at a
time. Feeling weak.
May 3. Slept good, papescent stool at 7 P. M., preceded by dull
pains in the small intestines. 10 г. M. Dull pains in the umbilicus
for five minutes.
May 4. Mushy stool at 8 A. M. No more stools for three days,
then natural stool.
RESUME.
Characteristic Peculiarities.—The pains caused by Collinsonia
canadensis are most all situated in the hypogastrium, and are of the
most violent character, accompanied with nausea, fainting and great
prostration. [In sensitive subjects.-H.]
Skin.-Skin yellow around the eyes.
Sleep.-Great disposition to sleep during the day, disturbed at
night from pain in the hypogastric region.
Nervous System:-Great prostration of the nervous system.
Head.-Dull frontal headache, with inflammation of the bowels.
Dull pains in the forehead, with frequent pains in the right temple.
Dull frontal headache, with great lassitude, lasting all day, with great
desire to sleep, also accompanied with frequent rheumatic pains in
the arms, hands and legs.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
261
Nose.-Dryness of the nostrils, with frequent sharp pains in the
right temple and superior maxillary bone.
Mouth.—Tongue coated yellow along the centre and base, with
rough, bitter taste in the mouth.
Gastric Symptoms.-Slight nausea with distress in th stomach.
Nausea while sitting down, with cutting pains every few minutes in
the hypogastrium. Nausea during stool, with fainting.
Stomach. Sharp, cutting pains in the stomach for five minutes,
while sitting down. Dull, aching distress in the region of the
stomach.
Abdomen.-Rumbling in the abdomen. Awoke twice in the
night with sharp, cutting pains in the hypogastric region. Severe
colicky pains in the hypogastrium, with great desire for stool; sharp,
cutting pains in the hypogastrium before, during and after stool.
Severe colicky pains in the hypogastrium every few minutes, with
nausea and fainting; colicky pains in the hypogastrium for three days,
with dysentery. The pains are so severe in the whole bypogastrium,
every few minutes, that I am compelled to sit down to get relief.
Stool.-Constipation three days, then dry, light-colored lumpy
stool, (from the dilutions,) with great lassitude and desire to sleep.
Light colored, lumpy stool, followed by distress in the anus and pain
in the hypogastrium. Stools are all preceded and followed by severe
colicky pains in the hypogastric region, with more or less tenesmus.
Soft, papescent stools; stools of yellow, bilious matter, mucus, bile
and blood, with tenesmus; stools of mucus and blood, with tenesmus.
Copious stool of yellow, bilious matter; copious, watery stool, with
nausea and fainting; frequent nausea with the stools. Papescent
stool, with about one teaspoonful of pure blood; a number of stools
streaked with blood.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From the above symptoms, we learn
that the Collinsonia will prove to be a most valuable remedial agent
in the cure of colic, diarrhoea, both acute and chronic, and in dysen-
tery. Since proving this remedy I have had the privilege of testing
its remedial qualities in two cases of chronic diarrhoea, which I will
recite :
Mrs. M., aged 22, temperament nervous. Was confined eight
months since, has had diarrhoea ever since; has from four to
twelve stools a day, and averages about two at night; at times the
stools are pure mucus, but most of the time they are composed of
mucus and black fæcal matter; before stool has violent colicky pains
in the whole of the lower part of the bowels; has a good deal of ten-
esmus, but not much pain after stool Has been treated by an eclec-
tic physician in Chicago ever since her confinement, with varying
262
NEW REMEDIES.
success. At times she would be much better, when she would be
taken with nausea and vomiting, with severe colicky pains in the
bowels, and a long train of hysterical symptoms, with frequent faint.
ing. It was in one of those spells I first saw her; the abdomen was
very tender on pressure, She had had stools every half hour for
twelve hours, with severe colicky pains in the umbilical and hypogas
tric regions; had vomited four times through the day. Gave Collin-
sonia, five drops of the tincture in half a tumbler full of water, one
teaspoonful every hour. Next morning I found her much better;
had not vomited any; no stool through the night; had two this morn-
ing; now 9 A. M. The colicky pain has almost ceased. Continued
same remedy every two hours; had one more stool through the day;
next day had but one stool; sat up most of the day. Took the remedy
three days longer, when I discharged her cured. It is now sixteen
days, she continues to have one natural stool a day, and says she is
perfectly cured. If this lady remains permanently cured it will give
me great confidence in the remedy.
A farmer, aged about 40, temperament bilious. Has had chronic
diarrhea for the last eleven months; stools papescent, of a yellow
color, mixed with mucus; has no pain in the bowels to speak of, but
has severe tenesmus; has to sit sometimes half an hour at stool;
becomes very faint after stools; has constant pain in his groins, pass-
ing down to the knees; this is the only symptom that seems to trouble
him all the time; he says the pain is almost unbearable; has about
eight stools a day, none at night. Is much emaciated
has a dry
cough, which gives him a great deal of trouble; keeps his bed most
of the time. Gave Collinsonia and Colocynth in alternation every
four hours; has taken the medicine eight days and is about well since
the third day; has but one stool a day, which is about natural, excep-
ting one day had three stools. The pain in the hips and legs has
completely passed away. Rode forty miles yesterday, buying horses,
which did not hurt him in the least. The Colocynth had something
to do with the cure of this case, but I think the Collinsonia had
more.
I gave the Collinsonia two days to a returned soldier for chronic
diarrhea that had lasted eighteen months, with no effect. His symp-
toms were great emaciation, night sweats, dry cough, from four to
eight stools a day, and two to four at night, with no pain; stools were
mucus, undigested food and yellow focal matter; with great thirst,
and vomiting every night of sour food. Polyporus officinalis 1st, did
great good for one week. Stools were all digested good, and only
two a day, with no vomiting, but the thirst continued unabated. Gave
Arsenicum, which is having a good effect.
Liver.-Dull, aching distress in the right hypogastrium, with
papescent stools, mixed with bile.
Urinary Organs.-Urine high colored and scanty.
Superior Extremities.-Frequent rheumatic pains in the hands,
arms and legs, from the dilution.
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS.
263
Lower Extremities.-Severe pains in both knees, passing down
to the feet on the inside of the legs.
In the subsequent discussion at the third Annual Meeting of the
Western Institute of Homoeopathy, on the proving, etc, of Dr. Burt,
Dr. E. M. Hale called attention to its use in diseases of the heart.
He stated that Dr. Paine, of Philadelphia (Eclectic) had advised it
in diseases of the valves following rheumatic carditis, and had
reported several cases cured by the medicine.
Dr. P. H. Hale related a case of valvular disease, following a
severe and prolonged attack of acute rheumatism, in which he found
the Collinsonia to give more decided relief than any other remedy.
He
gave
it as follows: one dram of the tincture to one-half pint of
simple syrup, a teaspoonful every four hours.
Dr. Sheperd had used it successfully in a case of disease of the
mitral valve; the murmur had much diminished, the general symp-
toms improved, and the patient was decidedly better.
Dr. H. C. Allen, of Brantford, C. W., has also used it with bene-
fit in a case of cardiac disease, in which digitalis, cactus, and other
remedies had failed.
Dr. E. M. Hale believed the Collinsonia acted primarily on the
heart, and hence the portal congestion, dyspepsia, cough, homopty-
sis, and even hæmorrhoids, which was within its sphere of curative
action.
Dr. E. C. Franklin reports several cases of chronic, painful,
bleeding hæmorrhoids, cured in a very short time by the Collinsonia.
COMOCLADIA DENTATA.
(Guao.)
ANALOGUES.-Anacardium, Rhus toxicodendron, Rhus radicans,
Rhus venenata, Rhus vernix.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Leaflets substalked with an odd one, of
sixteen fans, curvate at base, oblong, acuminate, prickly-toothed,
smooth above, downy beneath. Racemes numerous and terminal, and
belongs to the order Terrebintacæ of Jessieu. Shrub from four to
eight feet long, juice acrid, milky, becoming black by exposure to the
air, and forming an indelible ink when applied to the skin or linen.
The Comocladia dentata (Guao) belongs to the same family as the
Rhus toxicodendron and venenata, and the Anacardium occidentale
or Cashew tree. Lindley describes it as follows, (Flora Medica, page
298, § 598.):
"Anacardiacea.-Comocladia dentata, (Guau). St. Domingo and
Cuba. A tree, stem erect, not much branched. Leaves pinnated,
shining and green above, with a round rachis six inches long; leaflets
six to ten on each side, with an odd one, oblong, acuminate, spring-
toothed, veiny and somewhat downy at the back. Juice milky, glutin-
ous, becoming black by exposure to the air, staining the linen or the
skin of the same color, only coming off with the skin itself, and not
removable from linen by washing, even if repeated for many years.
successively. It is supposed by the natives of Cuba that it is death
to sleep beneath its shade, especially for persons of a sanguine or fat
habit of body. This is firmly believed, and there can be no doubt
that it is the most dangerous plant upon the island.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The medicinal use of this plant has been
mostly confined to the West Indian tribes, and to a few native physi-
cians.
The following notice of the plant and its uses appeared in homoeo-
pathic literature several years ago, but the remedy has not had
extended use in our school.
General Effects." This plant is very common on the Island of
Cuba, and is found growing on the sea-coasts and savannahs. My
attention was drawn to it by its effects upon persons exposed to its
influences, which are very similar to those produced by the Rhoes of
North America. It produces violent itching, redness and erysipela-
tious swelling of the face, hands and other parts of the body, followed
by yellow vesications and desquamation of the cuticle-but all per
sons are not equally susceptible to its poisonous operation, some can
handle it with impunity, while others by merely touching it or
passing near it are affected in a few hours after. In some instances
COMOCLADIA DENTATA.
265
cure.
large sores and ulcerations remain, which become very difficult to
The fruit is eaten by some persons without producing very
bad effects. The juice of this plant applied to the skin has different
effects, according to the constitution of the person. On some it pro-
duces only a black spot, and children often use it to mark their faces
and hands; but for some persons, especially those coming from a cold
climate, its use is very dangerous. It produces inflammation in the
part touched with it, general malaise, fever and headache; after a few
days these general symptoms disappear, leaving only inflammation of
the part, with deep, hard-edged ulcers, which discharge a thick, pur-
ulent, greenish yellow matter, having a very peculiar fetid smell, the
parts becoming in appearance similar to a piece of raw decayed meat,
while the surrounding skin is covered with small shining scales.
These local effects are generally cured by frequent applications of
fresh lard, holding the part as close to the fire as possible. This
treatment is generally sufficient, and after a few weeks the patient is
well.
Some persons are so easily affected by this poison that merely
passing by this tree when the sun shines, and being of course in its
shadow, produces swelling of the whole body, with high fever and
stupefying, throbbing headache. I have seen some cases where chil-
dren innoculated with this juice, for the purpose of having spotted
hands, as they say, have been so intensely affected by it that the
suppuration and other local symptoms having subsided, they suffered
constitutionally some time. I have seen a case, among others, of a
boy who was subject to occasional burning eruptions on the skin for
some years after the innoculation. I have seen a case, too, of a girl
inoculated when she was six years old, suffering from severe attacks
of inflammation of the throat until the period of womanhood, when
they ceased." (Howard.)
Mr. Edward Otto, writing from Trinidad de Cuba, says: "The
only thing I found here was dearly bought. The Guao is a tree from
four to eight feet in height, with beautiful dark green leaves, having
a brownish tinge around the margin. The blossoms are small, of a
bluish brown, and hang like loose bunches of grapes at the points of
the shoots, or even on the stem itself, as it has seldom branches. This
tree is frequently found near small rivers, particlarly in barren and
stony places, and in the savannahs; some eight feet in height, it may
be seen in the immediate vicinity of Trinidad, and no one ventures
to cut it down, as its bad properties are so well known. In the savan-
nah near the city, I saw on the 12th of March, a specimen of this
266
NEW REMEDIES.
tree four feet in height, in full flower. Quite delighted with the
sight, I cut off the top, and also some shoots from another specimen,
and laid them with the other plants which my negro carried. A
dark brownish green sap flowed from the wounds and stained my
hands. On returning home I arranged the collected blossoms, and
found I could not remove the stains on my hands by means of soap
and brush, and when I made the natives understand my grievance,
they told me I might be glad to come off with my life, because,
although some were only injured by touching the sap, others again by
merely coming in contact with the tree, or by passing near it, have
experienced fatal effects. About noon on the day I touched the sap
I experienced a painful burning on my face and arms, and particu-
larly about my eyes, and it became greater towards evening. My
sleep was tolerably placid, but what was my horror on awakening to
see my face most dreadfully swollen, my eyes projecting far out of
their sockets, and I could only see a faint glimmer of light with the
left. A tormenting itching and burning came over my whole body,
and I found it quite time to send for medical aid. Bleeding, washing
with water from a decoction of the blossoms of the malva, a
bath, and twelve leeches on my eyes, were the expedients resorted
to by the doctor; the swelling abated towards evening, and the fol-
lowing day I was able to see. The swelling was quite gone in the
course of a few days, and it was followed by the breaking out of a
red color all over the body, resembling scarlet fever. I then had a bath,
in which there was put a proportion of brandy. When the redness.
and burning disappeared I might have been taken for a native, as I
could hardly be distinguished from a mulatto. I was told that this
plant is used officinally in cholera and yellow fever, but in this respect
I did not wish to renew my acquaintance with it."
SYMPTOMATOLOGY.
General 'Symptoms.-The general symptoms of this drug are
well described in the foregoing "General Effects."
Skin. The effects of this medicine on the dermoid tissue are so
minutely described in the foregoing paragraphs, that they need not
be repeated here.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Magdalena Radriguez, a young girl
about sixteen years of age, presented the following symptoms: Left
side of the face swollen; left ear larger than the right one; all
cracked, losing a substance very similar to finely pulverized starch.
A consultation was held and the case was pronounced commencing
malignant lepra, (Enfermadad de Lan Lazars). The father was
advised by the doctors to take necessary steps to have his daughter
COMOCLADIA DENTATA.
267
removed to the "Hospital de Lagarinos," a kind of lazaretto, where
they confine for life, without regard to position, wealth or birth, the
unfortunate victims of this terrible disease, so fatal and contagious is it,
especially in warm climates. Under these afflicting circumstances
the parents resorted to homoeopathy. The cure was effected in five
weeks by the use of Guao in different potencies.
In all vesicular eruptions this remedy will rival the different vari-
eties of Rhus. In erysipelas, herpes, zona, etc., it will prove an
admirable remedy.
It is superior, however, to Rhus, from the fact that its effects are
more intense, and tend to greater destruction of the skin and cellular
tissue. It is homoeopathic to severe ulcerations, which Rhus is not,
or but rarely.
Sleep.-Restlessness at night; continual rolling from side to side;
troubled dreams during sleep, talking about one's business.
Head. The head feels heavier about the forehead and eyes;
cannot describe the pain; pain increased by the heat of the stove,
and when stooping almost impossible to hold the head down. Relieved
by being in the open air. Feeling of heaviness in the head in the
morning; shooting pains through the left temple, recurring at inter-
vals for three hours, and at times for several days. At times feeling
dizzy; on arising from bed everything looks dark, motion relieves all
pains, no pains when in the open air; restless, cannot sit still, con-
stant change of position because it gives relief.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. "Corrosive itching of the head" has
been cured with this remedy. It will be found useful in many erup-
tive diseases of the scalp, erysipelas, etc.
It will be noted that all the pains are relieved by movement, as in
Rhus toxicodendron and others of that genus.
Eyes.-Aching soreness in the eye-balls, which increased in
severity during the evening, sometimes making me very dizzy, aggra
vated by looking or moving the head, causing flow of tears. The
eyes feel very heavy and larger than usual; painful and pressing out
of the head, as if something was pressing on top of the eyeballs,
moving them downwards and outwards. Inflammation of the eyes.
Edges of the eyelids inflamed and red, conjunctiva and sclerotic
coat red, with great intolerance to light; would see from the
right eye a red ring around the light of the lamp, and in closing the
right eye the ring disappears. Violent pain extending from the pos-
terior portion of the right eye, through the head to the occipital pro-
tuberance, with great soreness of the eye-ball; very profuse lachry-
mation, and sensation as if the eye was much larger than natural ;
the eye feels sore next morning; soreness of the eye-balls during the
evening; fine stitches in the external canthus of the left eye, resem-
268
NEW REMEDIES.
bling small needles, and moving rapidly from below upwards, lasting
only a few seconds. Severe pains, at intervals, extending from the
posterior portion of both eye-balls through the head to just below the
occipital protuberance, with sensation of pressure on the superior
surface of the eye-balls, seeming to move the eye downward and out-
ward; relieved by sitting quietly before a wood fire, aggravated by
moving the head, by reading, by looking at a lighted candle and bright
objects. Lachrymation constant, worse in the open air. Face around
the eyes felt swollen, and the right eye-ball very sore, worse on
moving the eye. The right eye very painful and feeling much larger
and more protruded than the left; eyes dull and glassy, the vessels
congested, the eye-lids red, swollen, and just below the inferior tarsal
cartilages the face is very much puffed out. During the day, in the
open air, profuse lachrymation, during the evening the left eye worse
than the right. Pains in the eyes increased by being near the warm
stove, with profuse lachrymation, also when stooping; the eye-balls
very sore, the right worse than the left; looking at a lighted candle
makes the eye more painful, and causing profuse lachrymation; eye-
balls worse on moving them.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It promises to be one of our most reli-
able remedies in some diseases of the eyes.
Ears.-Dullness of hearing.
Nose.-Itching in all that portion of the nose inferior to the bridge,
internally and externally, continuing constantly until going to sleep;
at night momentarily relieved by rubbing; next day itching of the
nose unabated, sometimes almost insupportable; itching of the nose
better in the open air; worse in a warm room.
Teeth and Jaws.-Aching pains in the middle molar teeth of the
upper jaw of the right side, which increased and became of a twitch-
ing character; sensation as if the tooth was drawing out of its socket,
putting the nerve on the stretch and then suddenly pressing intoth e
socket again. Pain shooting up to the temple of the same side; the
tooth feeling longer than the rest, lasting until three o'clock P. M.
Pain relieved by pressing on the jaw with the hand, and holding the
affected side close to a hot stove; aggravated by holding cold water
in the mouth. Immediately after cessation of the toothache the head
feels heavy and large. Aching in the bodies of all the teeth, lasting
a minute and returning about every five minutes, with intermitting
aching a half hour, with soreness of the eyeballs. Sensation as if all
the molar teeth on the right side were loose, lasting thirty minutes,
followed by a steady aching and soreness in the gum and root of the
COMOCLADIA DENTATA.
269
middle molar teeth of the right lower jaw.
(Inflammation of the
gums of the right lower jaw.) Sharp jumping toothache in the middle
double tooth of the right upper jaw.
Mouth. -Tongue coated in the morning, dirty yellow; mouth
dry; appetite good; bowels sluggish. Inferior lips blistered and
swollen; change of weather aggravates the pain. Swelling of the
lower lip.
Larynx.-Spasmodic dry cough at night, with tickling in the
throat, and constant dull pain under the left nipple, extending through
to the left scapula. Titilating cough; hacking cough in the day time
and at night during sleep; cough coming on while speaking.
Stomach.-Constant heaviness in region of the stomach; sour
eructations about two hours after eating. Sick feeling at the stomach,
which continues over an hour.
Abdomen. A pale red flush, as if an eruption would make its.
appearance, from the right hypochondriac region down to the crest
of the right ilium, and extending two-thirds across the abdomen,
beneath, the skin is covered with papillæ. Itching on the abdomen.
The back and right side of the abdomen presented a broad streak of
alternate white and red, extending up as far as the scapula. Pain
around the umbilicus, extending up to the epigastrium. Gurgling
and uneasiness in the intestines, in the hypogastric region, accom-
panied with emission of odorless flatus. Acute, sore pains, extending
across the abdomen just above the umbilicus, affecting the breathing,
and lasting several minutes. Slight bubbling in the abdomen, as if
wind there, and emissions of hot flatus. Abdomen feels swollen at
times; dull pains in the abdomen; clothes too tight. Chronic ail-
ments of the spine much aggravated, especially between the scapulæ.
Slight shifting pains in the hypogastric region. Distention of the
abdomen.
Genital Organs.-Continued tingling itching of the scrotum dur-
ing the night. Intense itching on the lower part of penis, extending
to the prostrate gland, also on inner side of prepuce.
Chest.-Acute pain in the left mammary gland, about an inch.
above the nipple; sometimes throbbing, and at others as if the sharp
edge of a small knife-blade was pressing on the spot with great force,
increasing with intensity. A bruised, sore feeling of the ribs beneath
when pressing with the hand; relieved by walking about, particu-
larly by deep inspirations; aggravated by expiration. Leaving the
mammary gland, passed down the side to the spleen. Fine prickings
in the costal cartilages of the eighth, ninth and tenth ribs of the right
270
NEW REMEDIES.
side. Pain in the mammary gland ceases for an hour and then
returns; pain leaves a burning sensation in the glands, and presses
down the right side of the chest and inner side of right arm, then to
the elbow down to the forearm and along the dorsal surface of second
and third fingers, followed by pain in the carpus. Soreness in a small
spot just below the ribs on the right ride. Pains in the left mammary
glands recurring every hour. Itching on several parts of the body.
Feeling of fullness and tightness across the lower part of the chest
and upper part of the abdomen, as if nothing could move, and causing
great difficulty of breathing; feeling the abdomen swelled; difficulty
of breathing, worse in the morning while in bed; better while mov-
ing about in the open air. Heavy drawing pain in the left axilla
extending through the shoulder, with sensation as if the shoulder
would be drawn towards the neck, lasting for half an hour. Occa-
sional digging pain in the center of the sternum, without; pains from
within outwards; axillary glands both swollen and sore, especially
the left. Stinging, pricking pain between the nipple and axilla on
the left side; the whole chest feels sore, and in contact; flannel irri-
tates without much soreness; breath continually oppressed; cannot
draw a long breath, on account of sharp pain felt in the centre of the
throax, on left side. Red, hard pimple on the left side of the stern-
um, painful when touched; intense itching on the sternum. Tingling
itching at the lower part of the sternum, and in the whole chest.
Constrictive pain across the chest.
Back. - Itching on the left scapulæ, with sensation as if there
were pimples there; then on the right scapula. Pimples on shoul-
ders, containing white substances, and quite sore. Continual burning
pain in the left scapulæ, just above and posterior to the spine of scap.
ulæ. Small, round, dull red pimples on left scapulæ. Pimples on
back part of the neck and shoulders, some of them presenting a white
appearance at the apex; no change of color by pressure with the fin-
gers. Very short stitches in the popliteal space of the left leg, as if
there were a dozen small pins shooting about in every direction,
which were intolerable, without any relief by rubbing and scratching.
After disappearance of these stitches, violent smarting in the parts,
as if burned at a hot stove. Numb, tensive pain on inner side of the
thigh, extending from the scrotum to the condyle. Aching, tensive
pain in the interior and lower part of both thighs, the right more than
the left, lasting over an hour in the left, and longer in the right thigh.
By pressing the parts with the hand the periosteum feels bruised and
sore.
COMOCLADIA DENTATA.
271
Upper Extremities.-Small round, and dull, scaly, red pimples
on the anterior and upper half of the right and left forearms. Itch-
ing on various parts of the body, mostly on the extremities, more on
the upper extremities. The itching is of a tingling character, increas-
ing in intensity the longer it lasts; relieved by rubbing or scratching.
Better in the open air and during motion; worse in a warm room,
warm weather, and by rest. In the morning, dull, aching pain, extend-
ing from a little above the left elbow down the posterior portion of the
arm, dorsum of the hands, to the ends of the fingers, lasting over two
hours. Relieved by exercising the arm; tho arm feels numb when
holding anything in the hand. Drawing, cramping pain in the middle
of the palm of the right hand, extending to the tips of the fingers,
except the thumb, as if the fingers would be drawn to the palm of the
hand, lasting three hours and a half. Numb, tensive pain of the fore-
arm, and rheumatic stiffness of the shoulders and elbow joints; itch-
ing shifting rapidly from place to place, for the most part proceeding
from above down, particularly on the lower extremities, of a tingling
character. Drawing, crampy sensation in the first phalanx of the
ring finger of the right hand, and as if this finger would be flexed on
the palm. This sensation seemed to move towards the metacarpo-
phalangeal articulation, lasting about ten minutes. Drawing, cramp-
like pain in the right axilla. Violent itching immediately below the
right elbow, going off by rubbing, and returning after ceasing rub-
bing. Itching on the dorsum of the left hand. Itching between the
metacarpal bones of the thumb and first finger of the right hand.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It has been found curative in the fol-
lowing cases: "A dry erysipelatous eruption around the left
wrist and eyes, with intolerable corrosive itching. Dry tettery erup-
tion, in a woman, on both arms, extending from the elbows half way
up to the shoulders, over the biceps muscles, with excessive itching
after undressing; on going to bed, and on scratching, would become
very red and irritable, and burning."
Lower Extremities.-Small, round and dull red scaly pimples
on the outer and upper part of the calf of the left leg. Severe ting-
ling itching on the left side of the scrotum, which continued for sev-
eral minutes, shifting to the inner side and lower half of the left
thigh, which seemed almost insupportable; relief by rubbing. After
leaving this part felt it just below the knee, on the inner side of the
same extremity. A broad and alternate red streak on outer part of
the right thigh. The redness disappeared by pressing with the fin-
gers, and would return immediately on taking away the pressure. At
intervals during the day, tingling itching along the lower extremities,
272
NEW REMEDIES.
spreading over a space of three inches in length and one in breadth.
Itching changes its position and is relieved by scratching. Itching
on various parts of the lower extremities.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It has cured" erysipelatous inflamma-
tion of the instep of the left foot of a woman seventy years old, fol-
lowed by yellow vesication, and desquamation of the cuticle."
CORNUS CIRCINATA.
(Round-leaved Dogwood, Green Osier.)
ANALOGUES.--Baptisia, China, Chelona, Drosera, Hydrastis, Iris
versicolor, Kali chloricum, Muriatic acid, Nux vomica, Nitric acid.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-A shrub from six to ten feet high,
growing on hill-sides, near water courses; leaves longer than in any
other species, round-oval, abruptly pointed, wooly and white beneath,
about as broad as long, wavy on the edges, opposite on the branches.
Stem grayish, upright, with opposite, cylindrical, green spotted or
warty branches. Flowers white, small, in flat or depressed cymes,
without involucre. Fruit light blue, round, hollowed at the base, soft,
crowned with the remains of the style, Is found all over the North-
ern States, flowering in June. The bark, when fresh, is bright green;
when dried is in quills, of a whitish or ash color; its taste is bitter,
astringent and aromatic.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The principal uses of this species in domes-
tic practice have been for apthous and ulcerated conditions of the
mouth. "Prof. Ives," says Rafinesque,
"extols this kind, and says
it resembles the pale Peruvian Bark." "An ounce of the bark yields,
by boiling, 150 grains of an astringent and intensely bitter extract.
In use it is found preferable to Columbo for diarrhoea and dyspepsia,
but it is too heating in fevers." Wood, Stille, Lee, and nearly all the
allopathic authorities, make but slight mention of this variety of Cor-
Prof. Ives was the first to use it, nearly forty years ago.
nus.
With characteristic want of accurate knowledge, they assert that
all the species of this genus possess the same or similar medicinal
virtues. The general effects may have some resemblance, but each
has a peculiar action of its own, on the human system.
The Cornus circinata was introduced to the notice of the homœo-
pathic school in 1855, by Dr. Marcy,* whose paper contained provings
* N. A. Journal, vol. 3, p. 279.
CORNUS CIRCINATA.
273
by Drs. J. W. Crane, Freeman and Fullgraff, as well as his own. The
provings were made with the first, third and twelfth dilutions, and
mother tincture. The doses ranged from five to one hundred and
fifty drops of the latter preparation. One experiment lasted twenty
days, one fifteen days, the others six and eight days. The pathogen-
esis is a most thorough and reliable one, and it is a matter of suprise
that our physicicians have not made larger use of the medicine, which
may not inaptly be ranked among the polycrests. Dr. Marcy, in some
observations at the end of his paper, says: "We have taken especial
pains to exclude all sensations and symptoms which might be consid-
ered peculiar and natural to each individual. On this account a
a goodly number of phenomena are omitted as of uncertain value.”
General Effects.-Dark and bilious stools, with griping and ten-
esemus; dysenteric symptoms; bowel complaints generally, with
pains in the bowels before, during and after the discharges; general
debility, and impaired mental energy, with great drowsiness; bilious
derangements; dull, heavy sensation in the head; shooting, aching,
or throbbing pains in the head; disposition to perspire on slight exer-
tion; nausea, loss of appetite, bitter taste, lassitude; symptoms
resembling jaundice; cholera infantum; diarrhoea, with excessive
debility and nervous excitability; chilliness, followed by flushes of
heat and sweat; sleep unrefreshing, and disturbed by unpleasant
dreams; diarrhoea, with great prostration of the whole body.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Marcy found it curative in all the
conditions mentioned above.
Skin.-Itching of the scalp, legs and feet, increased by scratching
or rubbing, and succeeded by a painful burning sensation; aggrava-
tion of an habitual scurfy eruption of the scalp; amelioration of a
long standing herpetic eruption while under the influence of the
drug; occasional paroxysms of itching of the skin of the back, legs,
and feet, mostly at night; fine scarlet rash on the breast, attended:
with itching; itching in various parts of the body; burning sensation
over the whole face; skin covered with a copious clammy perspira-
tion; itching around the genital organs; itching and burning sensa-
tion over the whole body; pricking sensation in the arms and legs.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-These symptoms would seem to bear
out the popular belief that it is a good "blood purifier." Dr. Beach,
a veteran of the botanic school, says: "it is valuable in salt-rheum,
scrofula, cancerous humors, itch, and all cutaneous diseases.” A
sweeping assertion, truly! It might be classed among our anti-
psorics.
Fever.-Flushes of heat, followed by easy general perspiration;
chilly sensation, succeeded by transient flushes of heat; congestion
of blood to the head and face; throbbing pains in the temples and
1
18
274
NEW REMEDIES.
vertex; flushes of heat and coldness in alternation; followed by cold
perspiration; soreness of the scalp; aching pains in the eyeballs ;
rumbling of wind in the bowels; stitches in the chest and under the
scapula; sense of debility and fatigue; heaviness of the head; drows-
iness; nausea; dull pain in the forehead and vertex; copious general
clammy perspiration, succeeded by general chiliness; transient flashes
of heat pervading the whole body, with shooting pains through the
brain; heaviness of the eyelids; peevishness; aversion to meat and
bread; and itching of the legs, thighs, and around the genital organs;
head and face hot; coldness, followed by flashes of heat and perspi-
ration; general itching of the skin; loss of appetite; drowsiness;
and griping pains in the bowels.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In certain forms of bilious remittent
fever, if the gastric and intestinal symptoms correspond, this medi-
cine will be found useful. Professor Ives says this variety of Dog-
wood resembles the pale Peruvian Bark. (C. lancifolia.) It is used
in domestic practice as an anti-periodic. (See C. florida.)
Sleep.-Profound sleep during the night; drowsiness and lassi-
tude; very great drowsiness, and disposition to perspire: sleep dis-
turbed by frightful dreams; very sound, but unrefreshing sleep;
very great disposition to sleep, with entire loss of mental and physi-
cal energy; sleep disturbed by fullness and pressure in the head;
sleepy, and weak during the day, with dull pains in the head, back,
and limbs; stupid and sleepy feeling, with nausea, and burning of the
face, hands and feet.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Those physicians who have had to deal
much with bilious disorders, will recognize the above symptoms as
bearing a striking similarity to those which precede a bilious fever,
hepatic congestion, jaundice, or even an ague. Should the totality of
the symptoms correspond, it is quite likely that the use of the Cor-
nus circinata will prevent the establishment of either of those affec-
tions.
Mind and Sensorium.-Drowsiness; confusion of ideas; indif
ference with respect to subjects which usually interest; drowsiness,
with entire disinclination to mental or corporeal exertion; depression
of spirits; difficulty in fixing the mind, and in attending to ordinary
business; mind confused, stupid, with inability to concentrate it upon
any subject, worse towards night; lightness of the head; great
depression of spirits, and petulence; very great disposition to sleep,
with apathy and indifference; feeling of indolence, and loss of energy;
lassitude, confusion of ideas, vertigo; giddiness, and lightness of
head, worse on shaking it for on stooping; dread of making any
exertion.
CORNUS CIRCINATA.
275
1
pre-
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The suggestions offered under the
ceding paragraph, are also applicable here; the stupor, indifference,
etc., all resemble the premonitory symptoms of disordered conditions
of the liver. In hypochondriasis it will be found curative, when
arising from hepatic torpor.
Head.-Dull, heavy pain in the whole head, with drowsiness, the
headache increased by walking, stooping or shaking the head; sense
of fullness in the head relieved by a copious stool; dull pain in the
forehead; aching pains throughout the temples, and on the top of the
head; confused feeling in the head, and sense of fullness in the brain,
with unusual heat in the head and face; congestion of blood to the
head and face; throbbing pains in the vertex, and soreness of the
scalp; heavy, aching pains in the head, with almost irresistible desire
to sleep; drawing sensation (pain) from the back of the head to the
nose; dull, throbbing pains in the temples and side of the head;
deep-seated, pulsating pains in the occiput and parietal regions; deep
seated, pulsating pains in the occipital and parietal regions; deep
seated, dull pains under the center of the skull; dull pain in the
back of the head; pulsations extending from the front to the back part
of the head; severe pulsative pains in the temporal regions, which
passed off during the evening and night; heavy, confused feeling in
the top of the head; slight, tensive aching pains through the whole
brain; slight pain over the right supra-orbital ridge; dull pain in the
forehead and vertex; flushes of heat in the head and face; heat in
the top of the head; head feels light and giddy, worse on shaking
or on stooping; shooting pains through the whole brain; drawing
pains in the back part of the head, and in the nape of the neck; sense
of fullness and pressure in the head, preventing sound sleep.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Marcy found it curative in cases
when there was "dull heavy sensations in the head; shooting, aching
or throbbing pains in the head." It would seem to be indicated in
various forms of bilious headache. One particular form of bilious
cephalagia is well represented in the symptom-"sense of fulness in
the head, relieved by a copious stool." Allopathic physicians noticed
long ago that some forms of headache were relieved by free evacua-
tions from the bowels, occurring spontaneously This led to the use
and abuse of cathartics in head affections generally. I have treated
many cases of habitual headache, which were relieved naturally, by
diarrhoea, in which the pains in the head and the subsequent diarrhoea
symptoms corresponded well with the above. In such cases it should
be tested.
Eyes.-Aching pains through the eyeballs; heaviness of the eye-
lids; eyes sunken; yellowish tinge of the conjuctiva; hollowness of
the eyes; dark circle under the eyes; sense of weight around the
276
NEW REMEDIES.
eyes; very dull sensation over the eyeballs; sense of contraction
around the eyes; syes dull and heavy, as after a debauch; sore pain
in the eyeballs.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The "aching pains through the eyeballs"
are with some patients premonitory of an attack of ague, or a billious
fever. We find it previous to a jaundice and bilious headache.
(c
The
yellow tinge of the conjunctiva" is often one of the first symptoms
of jaundice. (See remarks under “ stool.") Dr. Beach says it is use-
ful for "inflamed eyes." This is about as correct an indication as
botanics usually have. Theoretically, I would strongly recommend it
in ulcerations of the cornea; ulcers of the conjunctiva, from scrofula,
or apthous ophthalmia; also for herpes of the eyelids. It should be
used internally, and as a wash or collyrium. (See remarks under the
head of "mouth.")
Nose.--Itching of the nasal mucous membrane; coryza early in
the morning; prickling sensation in the nasal canal; severe prickling
sensation in the bony part of the nose.
Mouth and Throat.-Tongue covered with a thin, yellowish fur;
insipid taste and clammy mouth; tongue covered with a whitish fur,
with dry mouth and throat; pungent taste in the mouth; bitter taste
in the mouth; smarting in the mouth and throat; bad taste in the
mouth, with loss of appetite; white fur on the tongue, with desire for
cold drinks.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms are those found in
bilious affections generally. But it is a little remarkable that no symp-
toms of ulceration, inflammation, or apthæ of the mucous membrane
of the mouth were elicited in this proving. Perhaps stronger doses
would have caused more decided lesions, During the early part of
my practice I was surprised, and sometimes mortified, at the facility
with which my patients would cure "sore mouths," with the decoc-
tion of the bark of the green osier, after I had vainly used mercury,
nitric acid, sulphuric acid, and other remedies laid down in our books.
In apthous stomatitis of children, and even in stomatitis materna, I
have known it to effect a prompt cure, after all other means had been
used in vain. Even in mercurial salivation it will arrest the diseased
process, but not so surely and permanently as chlorate of potash. In
ulceration of the buccal mucous membrane from a cold, or gastric
derangement, and in that affection sometimes called bilious sore
throat and mouth," it has, under my observation, proved specific.
Persons of a scrofulous habit are often troubled with frequently recur-
ring ulceration of the tongue, gums, and mouth generally. Such
patients I have known who always resorted to this remedy with a cer-
tainty of absolute relief. One patient in particular always carried
some of the inner bark in his pocket, and chewed it as a substitute
for tobacco, alleging that if he suspended its use the " sore mouth"
very soon returned. Another patient had this "sore mouth" occa-
sionally, alternated with ulcers on the conjunctiva and cornea. At my
CORNUS CIRCINATA.
277
suggestion he used the cornus as a collyrium with the happiest results.
It may prove one of our most valuable remedies in all ulcerations of
mucous surfaces. The infusion is generally made by pouring hot
water upon the bark, in the proportion of one ounce of bark to one
quart of water. For homoeopathic use, this method might answer in
case the tincture was not readily obtained. A few drops of the mother
tincture in half a teacup of water, would be about the proper propor-
tion. I have rarely used the tincture, as the infusion is so easily
made and readily administered. In order to test its virtues in minute
doses, I once gave a child suffering under apthous ulceration of the
mouth, the Cornus c., prepared as follows; One drachm of the inner
bark was placed in a vessel containing one quart of hot water. This
was left standing one hour, then filtered. Nitric acid, Chlorate of
Potash, Borax, had been previously used internally and locally. In
twenty-four hours after using the medicine the mucous membrane
began to assume a healthier appearance, and in about a week was
quite well. The child was in ill health, and had had diarrhoea for
weeks, and had become quite emaciated. Under the use of the rem-
edy the diarrhoea ceased, and the general health decidedly improved.
The dose was one teaspoonful of the above preparation every four
hours. (No attempt was made to wash the mouth).
Eclectic writers call it an "anti-scorbutic," and so far as my
observation goes, it seems worthy the appellation. In this respect it
is the analogue of the mineral acids, Baptisia, Kali chlor., Mercurius
and Hydrastis.
Appetite and Stomach.-Nausea, with bitter taste, and aversion
to all kinds of food; empty feeling in the stomach, with tasteless
eructations; aversion to food, and desire for sour drinks; burning
sensation in the stomach, which lasted an hour and a half; flatulent
distention of the stomach; nausea; bitter taste, and a gnawing, faint
feeling in the stomach; heavy pulsations in the stomach, with nausea
and impaired appetite; pain at the pit of the stomach during dinner,
with distension of the stomach and bowels, relieved by a copious
stool after dinner; nausea, with great debility and eructations; ful.
ness and oppression in the stomach, with bad taste and dry mouth;
nausea, with bitter eructations and loss of appetize; smarting and
burning in the mouth, throat and stomach, with desire for stool; weak-
ness of the stomach, with bitter taste and nausea; sensation of faint-
ness in the stomach and bowels; drawing pains from the stomach to
the lower part of the abdomen.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Many of the symptoms of this drug,
especially the gastric, closely resemble those of Nux vomica. It
stands somewhere between Nux and China in this respect. It has
been used successfully in vomiting of pregnancy and in dyspepsia.
Abdomen.-Slight griping pains in the abdomen, accompanied
with rumbling of wind; the pains penetrated the whole abdomen,
278
NEW REMEDIES.
but were most severe in the vicinity of the umbilicus; pressing down
pain in the rectum during stool; slight burning pain in the rectum
during an evacuation; pressing pain in the rectum, and smarting at
the anus in the morning, during and after a thin and scanty stool;
tenesmus at stool, with griping in the umbilical region; rumbling of
wind and large discharge of offensive flatus; urging to stool, with ful-
ness and uneasiness of the bowels; slight tenesmus, and considerable
burning at the anus, after a bilious discharge; abdominal pains more
acute during stool; urging to stool, (sensation in the rectum) in the
morning at five o'clock; on taking more of the drug, this bearing
down sensation extended to the bowels, increasing the disposition
to evacuate. Stool accompanied with some tenesmus and burning at
the anus; distension of the stomach and bowels with wind; constant
working in the bowels, as if their contents were all in motion; shoot-
ing pains from the center of the thorax to the lower part of the abdo-
men, the pains coming on severely at intervals, and then remitting ;
distention of the bowels with wind, relieved by a copious, dark and
bilious stool, immediately after dinner; sense of weight in the lower
part of the abdomen; burning sensation in the stomach and bowels,
with some desire for stool; urging to stool very early in the morning,
but unable to accomplish anything satisfactory, the discharge consist-
ing of a few slimy lumps, with pressing and smarting at the anus;
sensation of emptiness in the stomach and bowels; drawing sensation
from the stomach to the lower part of the abdomen.
"
""
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No drug, except perhaps mercury, pre-
sents a more formidable array of "bowel symptoms.' Dr. Marcy
says "its chief action appears to be upon the liver and intestinal
canal. A marked influence is likewise exerted upon the brain, but
whether the action of the drug is direct upon this organ, or whether
the head symptoms proceed frem the bilious derangement induced by
it, is a question. We have found it curative in all the intestinal
symptoms found under the head of Generalities." "It was first
introduced into practice as a remedy for bowel complaints by Prof.
Ivcs, of New Haven, some thirty years ago. Its empirical use in the
hands of this gentleman proved it to be a valuable remedy in bilious
diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera infantum, and against the diarrhoeas
peculiar to abdominal typhus." If it so promptly cures ulcerations
of the mouth and fauces, why should it not prove just as much a spe-
cific for the intestinal ulcerations, which are peculiar to this form of
typhoid fever? The result most to be feared in all inflammatory
affections of mucous surface-as in inflammatory diarrhoea, dysentery,
abdominal typhus, etc., is ulceration. Had the experiment been car-
ried far enough by the provers, we have no doubt this pathological
condition would have occurred. The dysenteric symptoms did not
proceed so far as to cause bloody discharges, yet any physician who
1
CORNUS CIRCINATA.
279
reads the above will perceive that it was only a question of time;
bloody evacuations would have soon been obtained if the drug had
been continued in large doses, and if the prover had still persisted
ulceration would have certainly resulted. We cannot come at any
other conclusion than that the Cornus circinata will prove as valuable
in a certain class of diseases as Mercurius, Leptandria, Podophyllum
or Nitric acid. In one case of dysentery in a child, where there was
unmistakable ulceration of the mucous membrane of the rectum, the
mother, by my permission, used an enema of a weak infusion of the
green-osier. After using it a few times the pus disappeared from
the stools, and the child suffered less. It had not improved under
the use of Mercurius corrosivus 6th, and subsequently Nitric acid 3d.
Would it not be well to try this form of application, as well as inter-
nally, at the same time?
Stool. Slightly loose stool in the morning, accompanied with
slight pressing down pain in the rectum; stool thin and scanty, with
burning at the rectum, and at the anus, during the discharge; thin,
scanty and slimy stool, attended with griping in the umbilical region;
tenesmus, rumbling of wind and large discharge of offensive flatus;
copious, thin and bilious discharge, succeeded by some tenesmus and
burning at the anus, which lasted half an hour; dark, green, thin,
and very offensive stools, accompanied by copious emission of offen-
sive flatus; bilious and slimy stool, with much wind, some tenesmus,
and severe, burning pain at the anus, and a short distance within the
rectum, which continued after the motion; dark, thin and moderately
copious stool, with some tenesmus, and a burning at the anus; fre-
quent, small, dark and slimy stools with much offensive flatus; copi-
ous, dark stool of the natural consistence, attended with pressing-
down sensation in the rectum; large emission of very offensive
flatus; hard, dry and scanty stool, with pressing in the rectum; stool,
consisting of a few thin and slimy lumps, with pressing and smarting
at the anus. (See remarks under "Abdomen.”)
Urine. Urine scanty and red, or pale; sensation of fullness and
weight in the region of the bladder; urine scanty and high colored,
and frequent inclination to pass water.
Genital Organs.-Strong and persistent erections through the
night; increased sexual desire during the evening and night, with
diminished power.
Larynx and Chest.-Stitches in the chest and back; stitches in
the chest and under the right scapula; a fine scarlet rash upon the
chest, attended with itching; sensation of dragging or bearing down
on each side of the thorax, with accelerated pulsations of the heart;
a sore, bruised feeling in the chest and back; shooting pains from
280
NEW REMEDIES.
the centre of the thorax to the lower part of the abdomen, severe at
times and then remitting; choking sensation in the upper part of the
thorax; smarting in the mouth and throat; frequent inclination to
take a long breath.
Back.-Dull pain in the small of the back, with drowsiness and
lassitude; stitches in the back and chest; pain in the lower part of
the back; sore pain in the lumbar region, worse on bending forward
or to either side; occasional paroxysms of itching in the back, especi-
ally in the evening.
Upper Extremities.-Burning and itching sensation in the hands
and arms; coldness of the hands, following a loose stool; prickling
sensation in the arms; stretching sensation in the arms, mostly in the
evening and at night; sense of weakness and fatigue in the arms.
Lower Extremities.-Weary feeling in the legs; itching in the
legs; weakness and weary feeling in the legs; weakness and trem-
bling of the legs; itchings on the legs and thighs, and around the
labia; burning sensation in the feet; coldness of feet, following a
loose stool; tired feeling in the legs when walking or ascending
stairs; prickling sensation in the legs; paroxysms of itching in the
evening.
CORNUS FLORIDA.
(Dogwood, Boxwood.)
ANALOGUES.-China, Cerasus, (?) Ptelea, (?) Quinia.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Common throughout all our forests
conspicuous in spring-time by its festoons of large, white blossoms
and equally so during the autumn, from its clusters of scarlet ber
ries; a handsome little tree usually about fifteen to twenty feet high.
In this genus of Cornacea, there are about twenty species, of
which America has, north of Mexico, eleven. The Flowering
Dogwood is the most beautiful and showy plant of its genus. It
is too well known to need description.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The bark is officinal, though that of the root
contains the greatest amount of the active principle. Eclectic writers
CORNUS FLORIDA.
281
say:
"The principle obtained from it is called Cornine, and has all the
properties of Sulphate of Quinine." This loose assertion must be
taken cum grano salis, like all similar assertions of the dominant
school. No pathogenesis of the Cornus florida has yet appeared. I
propose, therefore, to collect what has been written of its therapeutic
uses, and gather the few pathogenetic symptoms which are scattered
through the pages of various authorities. We can, by these means,
get some idea of its sphere of action, which will lay the foundation
for rational clinical experience, and stimulate us to prove the drug,
as Hahnemann did its great analogue, China.
Prof. Lee* thus speaks of it: "The physiological effects of
the Cornus bark are similar to those of the vegetable bitter
tonics generally, viz: increased frequency of pulse, exalted tempera-
ture, diaphoresis, sensation of fullness or pains in the head, and gas-
tric derangement. Of these, the most strongly marked are the
increased temperature of the skin, and the general perspiration.
Some experimenters have observed a constant tendency to sleep,
which has continued for several hours. This, as occurs in many other
cases, does not indicate any specific narcotic properties, but is the
result of the cerebral fullness." Dr. Blackie says that it causes
“severe headache, quickens the pulse, and produces violent pains in
the bowels." Other writers give testimony in favor of the above
statement.
Here we have good evidence that the dogwood will cause febrile
symptoms of a peculiar character. Who can doubt its ability
to cause a type of intermittent, bilious, or remittent fever, with gas-
tric and intestinal irritation? Just such types of fever are found in
the west, and may be treated successfully with Cornus. We have
considerable testimony in favor of its value in intermittents. Eberle
states that thirty-five grains of the bark are equal to thirty of Cinchona.
Its effects are closely analagous to those of the Cinchona bark, for
which it may often be successfully substituted. Lee says:
"Our
own experience with this article has satisfied us that most cases of
our periodic or miasmatic fevers will yield to its judicious use."
Prof. Barton says:
"That it may be asserted with entire safety, that
as yet there has not been discovered within the limits of the United
States any vegetable so effectually to answer the purpose of Peruvian
bark in the management of intermittent fevers, as the Cornus florida.”
Dr. Morton, who experimented largely with the bark, declares that in
an extensive practice of many years he used no other remedy in
* Jour of Mat. Med., vol. 1, p. 294.
282
NEW REMEDIES.
intermittent and remittent fevers." Dr. Coe writes:
"Its anti
periodic powers render it of peculiar value in the treatment of inter-
mittent and other periodic fevers. In such fevers we have employed it
with much success. It is certain that Cornine has cured fever and ague
when quinine has failed, and that in all cases when the latter cannot
be employed, the Cornine answers as a substitute." In domestic
practice, I have observed for many years that it was often more suc-
cessful than quinine in certain types of ague. The country people
generally make an infusion of uncertain strength, and drink of it
during the apyrexia. If taken during the paroxysm it causes an
aggravation of the fever, headache, etc. From its known effects when
taken in large doses, as well as certain observations of my own, I
would lay down the following indications for its use in miasmatic
fevers: Paroxysm, preceded for days by sleepiness; sluggish flow
of ideas; headache of a heavy, dull character; nausea; vomiting;
loss of appetite; and sometimes bilious or watery diarrhoea; chill,
with cold, clammy skin; nausea and vomiting, and violent pains in
the bowels; fever, with violent headache; hot, but moist skin; stupor;
"cerebral fullness;" pulse quick and hard; confusion of intellect,
etc. Apyrexia.-Debility, gastric irritability; painful diarrhoea. In
bilious remittent, and even typhoid fever, it may prove a useful rem-
edy. It seems to occupy an intermediate position between China and
Podophyllum. Lee admits that it will aggravate an existing febrile
condition, but resorts to the usual false logic to explain its curative
action : "A person in health may take the Cornus, as well as any of
the other vegetable tonics, in moderate doses, and for a long time
without any marked effects on any of the functions; but taken in the
same manner and the same quantities, in certain pathological states,
as a general lowering of the vital forces and nervous energy, inde-
pendent of organic disease, or when miasmatic poison has caused a
tendency to paroxysmal attacks, the therapeutical influence of Cornus
will be promptly manifested in a general invigoration of the vital for-
ces and suspension of the paroxysms. Here, as in regard to Cinchona,
we must be satisfied with the result, for the manner in which it is
brought about must ever remain a mystery. In certain morbid con-
ditions, as hectic fever or great debility, attended with frequency of
pulse, and abatement of perspiration. This effect is common to all
neurotic tonics, in certain pathological conditions of the body. It
depends on their imparting increased tonicity to the muscular fibers
of the heart through the organic nerves, thus enabling the central
organ of circulation to throw out a greater quantity of blood at each
CORNUS FLORIDA.
283
contraction. The cardiac irritability also is lessened by the temporary
increase of tonic power and vital contractibility. On the contrary, if
Cornus, and other analogous substances, be given in acute and sthenic
conditions marked by those phenomena which are characteristic of
inflammatory action, the circulation will be correspondingly increased
by an increase of inflammatory action; in both conditions, however,
acting as a stimulant." The above is open to much just criticism.
We will take up a few of his propositions. 1. A person in health
cannot take Cornus, or any other vegetable tonic, for a long time,
without any marked effect. His own statement regarding the effects
of dogwood disprove it. Besides, the slightest knowledge of physio-
logical processs teaches us that no tonic can be taken with impunity
by a healthy person. We soon have an exaltation of function, then
derangement of function, and, finally, more or less depressed condi-
tion of the vital powers. 2. We are not obliged to remain in mystery
relative to the action of Cornus and Cinchona. Hahnemann discov-
ered that the latter cured disorders like those it was capable of caus-
ing, and the Cornus acts in a similar manner. Trosseau and Wood—
highest allopathic authorities-admit this virtually, but cloak the real
fact under the term, "substitution." 3. Cornus cannot be a sedative
and at the same time a stimulant. The terms are contradictatory,
and used in the manner above, expresses no idea at all. The whole
truth is, that the Cornus, like all other drugs, has two series of
actions—primary and secondary. The primary action is to cause
exaltation of the functions of the vital organs, thence fever, conges-
tion, inflammation. The secondary effects are nearly opposite, such
as depression of the vital forces, loss of tonicity in the heart and
muscular fibre generally, irritation of the various tissues, coldness,
colliquative sweats. Prof. Lee's facts are not to be disputed, but his
theory of the action of the medicine is untenable. Cornus is homœo-
pathic to both the primary and secondary, symptoms above enumera-
ted, in doses varied to suit the existing conditions; and it can cure
such pathological states only by virtue of its power to cause similar
ones. 4. Cornus and its analogues will not aggravate existing inflam-
matory conditions, if given in proper quantities. Administered in
minute doses, it will promptly remove inflammations and congestions,
if indicated by the symptoms, and if the quantity is small enough,
no aggravation will follow its use. Profs. Lee, King, and other author-
ities, assert that the tincture of Cornus will cause " violent pain the
bowels, purging, derangement of the digestive organs, vomiting, nau-
sea, gastric derangement," etc.; yet all are equally free to admit, and
284
NEW REMEDIES.
""
even advise, its use in similar conditions. They say:
It will pro
mote the appetite and digestion, and is useful in atenic and enfeebled
conditions of the stomach; and will act as an anthelmintic, by improv.
ing the functions of the alimentary canal, and correcting those condi-
tions of the digestive organs which favor the production of worms."
And yet, if it was suggested to these worthy writers that the medi-
cine might act according to the law of similia, they would reject the
proposition with contempt! It is just possible that many of the indi-
cations laid down for the Cornus circinata may be applicable to this
medicine; to be exact we ought to have a scientific proving. But
most homœopaths are not aware that, although it is asserted by both
schools that the varieties of Cinchona bark differ considerably in
their action, yet our pharmaceutists use the C. augustifolia and C.
lancifolia almost indiscriminately. To meet the demands of a per-
fectly scientific materia medica, each variety of Peruvian bark should
be separately proven. It is quite suggestive, that authorities recom-
mend Cornus florida in about the same cases and conditions for which
Hahnemann used China, viz: general debility from loss of fluids, or
in the convalescing stages of acute disease; hectic fever, night sweats,
indigestion, lientery, etc. A tincture made from the berries when
ripe, is considered by some as being most efficacious in the above
conditions.
Reports of cases of ague successfully treated by the late E. J.
Bates, M. D., with Cornus florida, will be found in American Homœo-
pathic Observer, Feb. 1864, page 29.
Dr. Ehinger confirms the value of the remedy in intermittent
fever. He writes: "I have treated several cases with Cornine 3d
trituration, it breaking up the disease at once.
The three stages of the disease were present and succeeded each
other in regular order."
I prescribed the dilution in an obstinate case of acid pyrosis.
It caused colic and diarrhoea, and relief of the pyrosis while the diar-
rhoea lasted. I was not able to get the symptoms which it caused
accurately enough to record.
CORNINE. This is the so-called active principle, of the C. florida,
and stands in the same relation to the bark, as does Quinine to the
Cinchona. Some prefer the sulphate, as the best preparation. I have
not used the Cornine extensively. In a few cases of debility from
loss of fluids, when China, Quinine and Phosphoric acid failed to act
beneficially, I used the first trituration with apparent good effect.
Those of the eclectic school who use it largely, declare it to be a
な
​CORNUS FLORIDA.
285
prompt remedy for the cure of the usual types of intermittent fevers.
They assert that it does not affect the head as do other preparations
of the bark; nor does it cause gastric or intestinal derangements.
Here let me call attention to one notable fact in relation to all these
so-called “active principles," resinoid, alkaloid, or whatever they are
called. While they retain to a considerable extent the specific prop-
erties of the drug, they are destitute of many of its more important
virtues. Thus Quinine does not possess all the curative power of China;
Cimicifugin does not represent all the properties of Cimicifuga; and
Leptandrin has no such specific effect upon the brain as the tincture
of Leptandria. So with Cornine; it represents only a part of the
qualities of the original drug. These "active principles" ought to
be subjected to separate provings. But we are partly justified in
using them; for it may be asserted with truth that, while they do not
possess all the virtues of the tincture of the bark, etc., tkey do not DIF-
FER in their action. They have lost something, but have gained no
new qualities. Thus we may use the Cornine in states of general
debility, altnough the bowel symptoms which indicate the Cornus áre
not present. Dr. Coe says, "for ague Cornine should be given in
three to five grain doses every three hours, preceded by or alternated
with Leptandrin." I would advise the lower triturations instead, and
know they are just as efficacious. The same writer teaches that,
"although Cornine does not possess the power of neutralizing acidity
of the stomach, yet it is of exceeding utility in those cases of indi-
gestion, in which that symptom is a troublesome feature. It gives
almost immediate relief in that distressing symptom called
"heartburn," and its continued use will prove a sure preventive of
its occurrence, by restoring the tone of the stomach, and so obviating
the tendency to fermentation."
Dr. Paine, (Eclectic,) esteems this remedy very highly as an
anti-periodic, classing it next to Quinine. He says: "It is an astrin-
gent and antiperiodic, and as such is often used as a substitute for
quinine, to which, in some cases, it is preferable, on account of a tonic
property which quinine does not possess. It is specially adapted to
certain classes of diseases in which the soft, spongy erectile tissues
are involved. Hence, useful in neuralgia, epilepsy, hysteria, ague,
intermittent, remittent and congestive fevers. It, like quinine, is
peculiarly valuable in this country of periodicity, and in mild cases
two to four grains may be administered. Although Cornin, as now
prepared, is far from possessing that potent influence over malarial
diseases peculiar to the sulphate of quinine, yet it is of sufficient
286
NEW REMEDIES.
importance to warrant a most careful investigation. I have used it
in nearly every form of periodical disease, and with most happy effect.
"Fever.-During convalescence of intermittent and remittent
fevers, after quinine has interrupted the most prominent features of
the disease, one or two grains of Cornin, three or four times a day,
either alone or in combination with Leptandrin, Euonymin, Leonto-
din or Iron, as the case may require, is most valuable."
He also speaks of its use in Epilepsy, Dyspepsia, Dysmenorrhoea
and Spermatorrhoea, as follows :
"In Epilepsy, also, it promises good results. In two cases an
entire cure has been effected, and other cases have been mitigated.
In periodical Dyspepsia, in doses of one to two grains, four or
five times a day, I have found it a most valuable remedy.
""
"In Dysmenorrhea I have used this remedy, with Gelseminum,
and with good effeet.
In Spermatorrhea, a remarkable case, connected with great
debility and prostration, was cured by one grain of Cornin, four times
a day, with one grain of hypophosphite of iron."
CORYDALIS FORMOSA.
(Turkey Corn.)
ANALOGUES.-Stillingia, Hydrastis, Phytolacca, Iris versicolor,
Kali hydriodicum, Sulphur, Pulsatilla, Mercurius.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant, likewise known as Wild
Turkey-pea, Stagger-weed, Choice Dielytra, is an indigenous, peren-
Lial plant, rising from six to ten inches in height, and having a tuber-
ous root. The leaves are radical, rising from ten to fifteen inches
high; somewhat triternate, with incisely pinnatifid segments, but
quite variable. The scape is naked, and rises from eight to twelve
inches in hight, with from four to eight cymes, each with from six to
ten reddish-purple nodding flowers; racemes compound, the branches
comose; corolla from eight to ten lines long, broad at the base; nec-
taries or spines very short, obtuse, incurved; bracts purplish, at base
of pedicels; style extended; stigma, two-horned at apex; sepals two,
deciduous; capsule pod-shaped, many-seeded. (King.) Owing to the
confusion existing in botanical works, it is quite difficult to give a
CORYDALIS FORMOSA.
287
proper place to this plant; It seems, however, to be the Corydalis
formosa of Eaton, which has been removed into the genus Dicentra,
by Wood and Gray, and is undoubtedly the "D. Canadensis," (Squir-
rel corn) of those authorities. It cannot. be the Corydalis glauca, or
C. aurea of Gray, for these are biennial plants. It is to be regretted
that King, in the last edition of his Dispensatory, did not change the
name of plants, to conform with the latest authorities.
HISTORY.-This beautiful little plant was introduced to the pro-
fession by Prof. Jones. It flowers very early in the Spring, in this
section of the country as early as March; and the root or tuber,
which is a small round ball, should be collected only while the plant
is in flower. It grows in rich soil, on hills and mountains, among
rocks, and old, decayed timber, and is found westward, and south of
New York to North Carolina.
It must be distinguished from the Corydalis cucullaria, which
flowers at the same time, and very much resembles it. A root or
bulb of the C. formosa, when fresh, is of a darkish yellow color
throughout, while the C. curcullaria has a black cortex or rind, and is
white internally. When dried, the external covering of the root is
of a light grayish-yellow color, about the fourth of a line thick, enclo-
sing an internal, light-yellow substance. Frequently it is of a dark
color externally, and when examined under a microscope, full of
pores, and internally yellow or brownish-yellow. It has a faint,
peculiar odor, and a taste at first slightly bitter, succeeded by one
somewhat penetrating, peculiar and persistent, gently influencing the
fauces, and increasing the flow of saliva. The cause of the difference
of appearance in drying is not known, unless it be owing to the differ-
ence in the age of the root. Microscopic examinations of the lighter
variety gives a porous, spongy, resinous, glistening fracture; and of
the darker, a fracture very much resembling a honey-comb. Water
or alcohol extracts its virtues. It has not been thoroughly analyzed,
though it contains an alkaloid principle, named Corydalin. I called the
attention of Eclectics to this principle in the U.S.Eclectic Dispensatory,
as Corydalin, not having submitted it to any chemical tests, since which
Mr. W. S. Merrell has manufactured it for the profession, and ascer-
tained its alkaline character. When in powder, Corydalin is of a
greenish-brown color, insoluble in water, partially soluble in ether,
and completely so in alcohol. Diluted muriatic and sulphuric acids
dissolve it. Nitric acid reddens it, and it forms crystallizable salts.
with acetic and sulphuric acids. It is of a peculiar, slightly aloetic
odor, of a weak, bitter, sub-acrid and nauseous taste, and rather tena-
cious. Four pounds of the Corydalis root yields little more than an
ounce of this alkaloid. It is obtained by adding water to the tincture
of the root; a portion of the alkaloid is precipitated; filter the super-
natent liquid, and add to it ammonia, which causes another precipi-
tate of the alkaloid; again filter the supernatent liquid, and add to
it the muriatic acid, when the balance of the alkaloid remaining in
the solution is precipitated. Probably it may be obtained by adding
muriatic acid to a strong infusion of the root and precipitating with
ammonia. (King.)
288
NEW REMEDIES.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Mother tincture of the root and dilu-
tions. Triturations from the dry root. Triturations from the
Corydalin.
Properties and Uses.-This agent is peculiar to eclectics, not
being known by any other class of practitioners. "It is tonic, diuretic,
and alterative. In all syphilitic affections, it is one of the best reme-
dies we have, and will likewise be found valuable in scrofula, and in
all cases where tonics are indicated. As a tonic it possesses properties
similar to the Gentian, Colombo, or other pure bitters; its alterative
properties, however, render it of immense value. In syphilis it seems
to be possessed of magical powers. The Corydalin possesses all the
alterative properties of the bulb in an eminent degree, and will be
found useful in all scrofulous and syphilitic affections as well as in
many cutaneous diseases. Dose, of the infusion, from one to four
fluid ounces, three or four times a day; of the saturated tincture,
from half a fluidrachm to two fluidrachms; of Corydalin from
one-half of a grain to one grain, three or four times a day. The infu-
sion to be made by adding four drachms of the powdered bulb to
one pint of boiling water. (King.)
"Corydalin may be advantageously combined with Berberin, Hy-
drastin, Ptelin, etc., as a tonic, and with Podophyllin, Xanthoxylin,
Stillingin and Phytolaccin, etc., as an alterative." (King.)
Scudder (Mat. Med.) says of the Corydalis: "We have employed
it principally in the treatment of syphilis, in which it has appeared
to act like a specific. We have used it in cases where the general sys
tem has become (if we may so speak) saturated with the disease, as
manifested by syphilitic eruptions upon the surface, ulceration of the
fauces, loss of hair, nodes, nocturnal pains, syphilitic iritis, etc., with
entire success. The period of time required to effect a cure was so
short that we should have been disposed to refer it to other causes
had other remedies been used, but as nothing else was administered
save an occasional cathartic, we could only ascribe it to the Corydaliз.
The powdered root, and a decoction of the same, were taken inter-
nally, while the eruption and ulcers were washed with a strong
decoction."
"In scrofula, and other cutaneous diseases, it is employed with
much advantage; in fact, some report that this agent alone, given in
decoction, has proved more serviceable in their practice than any of
the many alterative syrups. We have found it exceedingly valuable
in certain derangements of the stomach, attended with profuse morbid
secretion of mucus, there being always a coated tongue, with fœtor of
breath, loss of appetite and loss of digestive power. We have also
CORYDALIS FORMOSA.
289
employed it in intermittent fever of long standing, when there was
enlargement of the spleen and tenderness in both hypochondriac
regions, as well as in the epigastrium. In these cases, sometimes so
hard to manage, we have found the Corydalis, combined with an equal
part of Hydrastis, invariably successful."
It has also been employed with success in chronic inflammation
of the kidneys, and in fact, of all the urinary passages, and in chronic
diarrhoea and dysentery. From the fact that but few use it alone, it
being generally employed with other agents, its full medicinal powers
have not been ascertained.
Dr. Coe says this plant is the "Dicentra eximia" of Wood &
Gray," but he must certainly be mistaken, for the subterranean shoots.
of the D. eximia are not tuberiferous. Of its therapeutical properties-
he says:
With the most energetic alterative properties, it com-
bines a tonic power of exceeding value. Thus, while it neutralizes,
deterges and promotes depuration, it gives tone to the various organs.
engaged in the performance of these functions. Its dynamic influ-
ences seem to be comprised in a power by which it resolves the plas-
ticity of the blood, regulates and quickens the activity of the elimina-
ting vessels, particularly of the renal and cutaneous, and promotes
the processes of digestion, assimilation and nutrition."
All this sounds very well, but as Dr. Coe says substantially the
same of every medicine in his book, we must take it with a good deal
of allowance. When will writers leave off the use of obsolete medi-
cal terms, which really mean nothing, but only serve to hide the
ignorance of the author as regards the true curative processes caused
by a medicine?
"
Practically, Dr. Coe recommends it in "scrofula, particularly
when accompanied with feeble digestion and poverty of blood." He
says:
Perhaps no single remedy possesses more positive and ener-
getic anti-syphilitic and anti-scorbutic properties," and, "our experi-
ence in the use of this remedy in the treatment of cutaneous erup-
tions has been highly satisfactory. We have succeeded in curing
many cases of obstinate dermoid affections, when other remedies
proved inefficient, by the use of the Corydalin. In strumous, her-
petic, venereal, scorbutic, and other cachexias, the Corydalin is worthy
the entire confidence of the profession."
Dr. Coe also advises it in dropsy, general debility, gravel, and
various affections of the urinary organs, indigestion, torpor of the
lacteals, visceral enlargements, and for correction of all irritated con-
ditions of the blood and fluids, also in gleet, leucorrhoea, catarrh of
19
290
NEW REMEDIES.
the bladder, incontinence of the urine, etc. He would doubtless have
advised it in other diseases had their names occurred to his mind
while penning his article on Corydalin.
Dr. Paine, (eclectic) says: "Corydalin manifests its greatest
power as an anti-syphilitic remedy. After repeated and extensive
trials of Corydalin in every form of syphilitic affections, both alone
and in combination with other agents, I have demonstrated beyond
the possibility of a doubt, that Corydalin removes secondary syphilis
with much efficiency and certainty. It also appears to manifest a tonic
influence over the eliminating emunctories, as the skin, kidneys, lungs,
bowels," etc.
Case.- "A young man had been treated in one of the army hospi-
tals for secondary syphilis for four or five months, with all the ordi-
nary remedies, such as Iodide of mercury, Iodide of potassum, Mercu-
rial ointment, etc., etc., all to no purpose. When he came under my
charge he had a large Hunterian chancre involving almost the entire
corona glandis, and his body was entirely covered with syphilitic
lichens. I placed him on one grain of Corydalin and one-half grain
Quinia sulphas, every two hours, ordered a hot bath every morning,
and a wash, composed of ten grains of muriate of hydrastin to four
ounces of water, for the chancre. After continuing this treatment
for a time, during which the patient improved rapidly, I omitted the
Quinine, but continued the Corydalin, and in eight weeks the cure
was complete."
“Other cases of secondary syphilis I have treated with the Coryda-
lin alone, with the most happy results.'
In the above recommendations of Corydalis by various writers, it
is difficult to decide what portion is reliable. In most instances they
are based upon the most baseless empiricism, from their utter igno-
rance of the physiological action of the drug.
RESUME.
From the information we have been able to glean from all sources
relative to the curative properties of the Corydalis, the following con-
clusions may be considered as the most reliable:
(a.) That the medicine has some curative influence over syphilis.
The testimony of Dr. Scudder in this relation is entitled to credence
for the reason that his statements are based on the results of its use
alone, uncombined with other drugs. Nearly all the recommenda-
tions and clinical deductions of physicians of the eclectic and allo
pathic schools are utterly useless, for the reason that they mix a cer
tain drug with other powerful ones, and if a cure is effected give the
CORYDALIS FORMOSA.
291
credit to the medicine they had under consideration, ignoring entirely
the effects of the other drug or drugs with which it was associated.
(b.) In scrofula and scrofulous cachexia, it would seem to be worthy
a trial.
(c.) In gastric catarrh, or as Scudder has it, "certain derange-
ments of the stomach, attended with profuse morbid secretion of
mucus, there being always a coated tongue, with foetor of the breath,
loss of appetite and loss of digestive power," the Corydalis may be
advantageously used.
(d.) In a cachexia common after intermittents, and as frequently
due to quinine as malaria, when accompanied with enlargement of the
spleen and liver, as mentioned by Scudder, it may prove curative
alone, or alternated (not combined) with Hydrastis.
(e.) In certain obstinate cutaneous diseases it may be resorted to
as an empirical remedy after the anti-psorics have failed.
Until we have some pathogenetic data to guide us, we can only use
this remedy empirically.
CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS.
(Large Yellow Ladies' Slipper.)
ANALOGUES.-Valerian, Coffea, Thea, Chamomilla, Eupatorium
aromaticum, Scutellaria, Senecio gracilis, and Ambra-grisea.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION,-Stem two feet high, pubescent, as are the
broadly oval acute leaves. Flowers, mostly solitary. Sepals longa-
ted, lanceolate, lip flattened laterally,very convex and globous above,
pale yellow. The sepals and wavy-twisted petals longer than the lip,
pointed, greenish, shaded with purplish-brown; the two anterior sepals
united into one, or nearly at the tip. The flower is large and showy,
but scentless; the lip (or "moccasin,") one and one-half to two inches
long. Leaves large, many-hued, and plaited, sheathing at the base.
Fruit an oblong capsule, with one cell, three valves, and a multitude
of minute seeds. Roots perennial, with many long, thick, fleshy cylin-
drical and flexuous fibers of a pale yellow cast, diverging horizontally
from the caudex, from which rise one to five stems, simple, erect, with
three to seven leaves, and one to three flowers. The roots have a
pungent mucilaginous taste, and a peculiar smell, somewhat nauséous.
There are eight varieties of Cypripedium indigenous to this coun-
try, but the C. pubescens, from some cause, appears to have been
292
NEW REMEDIES.
selected as the variety to be the most used in medicine. It is known
by the common names of American Valerian, (this name is also
applied to the Scutellaria,) Nerve-root, Yellow moccasin flower, etc.
The root is the officinal portion. The roots of all these varieties
are undoubtedly collected, sold and used with the officinal article
in discriminately; Homœopathic pharmaceutists should therefore be
very careful in the selection of the root. I do not now know, how-
ever, of any reliable method of ascertaining by physical appearance,
the root of the C. pubescens from that of the other varieties. I have
examined and compared many specimens of the fresh root of these
plants and could discover no difference in appearance between the
roots of the various species. The only method of obtaining the
officinal root would be to separate it from that of the other species
when collecting, i. e., when it can be distinguished by the flowers.
Authorities direct that the root shall be gathered in autumn.
that season the stems and leaves are dead, and one species cannot be
distinguished from another. If, therefore, we decide to use but one
species, it must be cultivated, or such precautions taken as to insure
the gathering of the officinal species alone.
At
The difference in the medicinal properties of the various species
is perhaps not so important as to warrant such excessive precautions.
Rafinesque says the most efficient species is the C. luteum (pubes-
cens,) next the C. acaul, and last the C. spectabile and candidum.
King records that the C. spectabile and C. acaul are said to possess
more narcotic properties than the others, especially when inhabiting
dark swamps.
It would seem that the difference of medicinal action was one of
quantity rather than quality.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.—(1.) Tincture, and dilutions of the
tincture, of the root. (2.) Triturations of the dried root. (3.) Infu-
sion of the root. (4.) Cypripedin and its triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.--The eclectic school thus estimates its properties:
Rafinesque* writes: "It is with some satisfaction that I am able to intro-
duce, for the first time, this beautiful genus into our materia medica. All
the species are equally medicinal; they have long been known to the
Indians, and were used by the empirics of New England, particularly
Samuel Thompson. Their properties, however, have been tested and
confirmed by Dr. Hales of Troy, Dr. Tully of Albany, etc. They
are sedative, nervine, anti-spasmodic, and the best substitute for Val-
erian in almost all cases. They produce beneficial effects in all ner-
* Medical Botany, page 141, (1828.)
CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS.
293
vous diseases and hysterical affections, by allaying pain and promoting
sleep. They are also used in hemicrania, epilepsy, tumors, nervous
fevers, etc. They are preferable to Opium in many cases, having no
baneful or narcotic effects. As in Valerian, the nervine power is
increased by combination (alternation) with milder tonics." Rafin-
esque says some of its effects are analogous to Arnica montana (?)
Dr. King says it is "tonic, stimulant, diaphoretic, and anti-spas-
modic. Useful in hysteria, chorea, nervous headache, and all
cases of nervous irritability; has proved useful in neuralgia, delirium
and hypochondria. Combined with Nepeta and Scutellaria, it has per-
manently cured headache (nervous) not dependent on acid stomach.
An infusion is said to be beneficial in the pains in the joints following
scarlet fever."
Jones and Scudder, (Mat. Med.) write: "In numerous affections
termed neuropathic, we have employed the Cypripedium with decided
advantage. It equalizes and energizes the nervous powers, lessens
excitement, allays nervous irritability, alleviates pain, and appears to
invigorate both body and mind, leaving the patient more cheerful and
lively than when any of the narcotics, or many of the anti-spasmodics
are prescribed. The diseases in which it is indicated are hysterical
affections, hypochondriasis, delirium tremens, epilepsy, chorea, hem-
icrania, neuralgia, ataxic or nervous fevers, etc. In low fever, accom-
panied with morbid nervous excitability, or irritability, as manifested
by restlesness, vigilance, watchfulness, with great sinking of the vital
powers, the Cypripedium produces a calm or tranquil state of mind,
invigorates the system, and favors sleep. It is not so important in
the relief of spasms or convulsions as many other agents, yet its pecu-
liar nervine and stimulant qualities admirably adapt it to the relief
of that morbid state of the cerebro-spinal system, upon which spasms
depend."
Dr. Coe places about the same estimate upon the medicinal powers
of this plant. He says: "As a substitute for Paregoric, Godfrey's
cordial, etc., it is most advantageously employed in alleviating the
disorders of children requiring the use of an anodyne. It possesses,
however, some narcotic power, and many times will be found as inad-
missible as opium.”
This last admission is quite an important one, and throws some
light on the action of this remedy. I have noticed this narcotic effect
upon the persons of some of my patients who were in the habit of
using this plant to excess. In country practice, it is not unusual for
the practitioner to find persons who are as strongly addicted to the
294
NEW REMEDIES.
habitual use of the Cypripedium as others are to the use of opium.
They are generally persons beyond the middle age, whose nervous
systems have once been shattered by some serious illness, and they
have resorted to the lady-slipper for palliative relief. Such individ-
uals, under the influence of the drug, are lively and talkative, dis-
posed to work, and are really capable of making unusual exertions
without much fatigue. They are tranquil, feel no pain, and altogether
very comfortable. But when the use of the drug is suspended they
become irritable, irascible, fretful; their motions are hurried and
uncertain; they are agitated by the least contradictory word, a noise,
or any excitement of those around them; they cannot sleep, and even
have jactitations, pains, and hysterical spasms. These are the primary
and secondary states and symptoms which are directly caused by the
pathogenetic action of the Cypripedium. I do not think the plant
has any specific influence over the skin or mucous membranes.
PATHOGENETIC EFFECTS.-Dr. Paine, (eclectic) writing of the
effects of this plant, says: "One or two grains of the Cypripedin
taken every two or three hours, produces at first an exhilarating
effect upon the mind and nervous system. After thirty or forty grains
have been taken, this feeling of mental clasticity gradually yields to
a sense of quietude, and in some cases of mental fatigue. The influ-
ence on the stomach is not perceptible, nor does it seem to exert any
particular impression upon the bowels. In several cases where we
experimented with its use in healthy persons, the specific gravity of
the urine was diminished from two to five degrees after taking twenty
or thirty grains for three or four consecutive days.
"Upon my own person, on taking one drachm every day for five
days, I found that at first it produced a stimulating influence on the
brain and nervous system; but on the third, fourth, or fifth day, a
sense of weight and oppression on the mind, with a slight disposition
to drowsiness, as if I were more under the influence of a sedative
than a narcotic. This has been the effect on a large number of cases
upon whom I have experimented in a state of health.
"In disease, I have found that it manifested its principal powers
in cases where the gray nerve tissue was disordered, either as the
result of over mental exertion or reflex nervous excitement, or of
some specific poison, as alcohol, vegetable and animal malaria, etc.""
Of its curative effects he says:
"In Epilepsy, where I believe it was produced by reflex nervous:
irritation, two or three grains three or four times a day, will exert a
CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS.
295
most beneficial influence, although in no case have I succeeded in
entirely curing the disease with it."
"Spermatorrhea.-In a case, accompanied with great nervous
prostration and dejection of spirits, I administered one grain every
two hours for ten or twelve consecutive days, with good effects, as it
not only removed the mental despondency, but seemed to impart new
tone and vigor to the nervous system."
Chorea. In many cases in which the disease was caused by
exhaustion of the nerve forces, I have found Cypripedin, in doses.
of one grain, with one or two grains of Carbonate of Iron, given every
two or three hours for several weeks, to produce perfect cures.
Amenorrhea.-In a case connected with hysteria, great nervous
debility and mental despondency, I effected an entire cure in about
twenty days, by giving one grain, and one of Iron per hydrogen,
every three hours during the day.
In Typhus and Typhoid fevers, where the cerebro-spinal forces
have become exhausted, as indicated by typhomania and general pros-
tration, I have found from one-half to one grain, given every hour or
two hours, to be followed by an immediate mitigation of the symp-
toms and a permanent improvement of the patient.
In Delirium tremens I have found this remedy most valuable, and
in connection with Lupuline, have succeeded in effecting very favora-
ble results.
Dyspepsia:-In cases where dyspepsia or other disordered condi-
tions of the stomach and bowels is the result of over-mental exertion,
anxiety or grief, one or two grains four or five times a day, will afford
entire relief.
"From an extensive use of this article in diseases connected with
the nervous tissues, especially those in which there is a want of nerve
power, the Cypripedium fills a vacancy which has long existed in the
materia medica. With it wakefulness may be converted to quietude
and sleep, mental anxiety to calmness, enfeebled and exhausted nerve
force to tone and vigor."
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-My observations and experience with
this remedy have given me the following impressions relative to its
true sphere of therapeutic action:
(1.) Its action on the brain is similar to that of Tea, Coffee, Can-
nabis indica, Cocoa, and a few others of that class. Its pathogenetic
action does not extend as far as that of Agaricus, Belladonna, Hyos-
cyamus, Stramonium, and others of that group. I do not believe its
toxical effects go beyond the causation of functional irritation. It is
therefore not homoeopathic to congestion, inflammation, or apoplexy a
296
NEW REMEDIES.
the brain and spinal chord and its membranes, but only to conditions
of morbid irritability, or hyperesthesia of the nervous tissues. I do
not doubt its ability to cause serious brain affection in young children,
for the nervous mass in infancy is so delicate and sensitive, that any
agent capable of causing simple irritation, (tea, coffee, bright lights,
noise, fright, etc.,) may induce a condition which readily runs on to
serious disorder. In young children, irritability of the brain often
appears many days or weeks before more serious disease sets in.
Proper remedies will often arrest this condition, and prevent conges-
tion and inflammation. Children thus afflicted are noticed to be more
lively than usual, more inclined to laugh and play at unwonted hours,
even in the night; will often laugh in their sleep, or are very wake-
ful and excitable. If the little ones are urged to play, are excited
by light, noise and laughter-all these tend to fix the irritation more
strongly upon the over-sensitive brain, and soon the child is attacked
with spasms or convulsions, and a meningitis closes the scene. It is
in these premonitory conditions, or states of simple irritation, that
the Cypripedium and Scutellaria, as well as Coffea and Cannabis
indica are really indicated; and in my hands the first named remedy
has acted admirably, and in a highly satisfactory manner.
To very
young infants I usually administer the third or sixth dilution in water,
or pellets, as often as the case seems to demand.
(2.) On the nervous system generally, of children or adults, it
acts as a pure hyperestheseant; primarily, elevating the excitability
and activity; and secondarily, decreasing the strength, and awaken-
ing a morbid irritibility of a low grade. It is not therefore homoeo-
pathic to neurotic discases due to inflammation, congestion, or any
organic change, but to a peculiar irritability, such as I have described
above. In many cases of neuralgia "the pain is the disease."
such instances the Cypripedium will be found curative in many cases.
The same observation will apply to chorea, epileptiform symptoms,
hysteria, etc. I have used it with good effects in the watchfulness,
and nervous agitation of low fevers, conditions to which it is seconda-
rily homœopathic.
་
In
Dr. Kendall informs me that he has used the Cypripedium in
many cases of typhoid fever, as an intercurrent remedy for the jacti-
tation, restlessness and trembling, so common in certain stages of that
disease. He has found it uniformly successful, dissipating the symp-
toms in a short time. He considers it superior to any other medicine
in such conditions. Dr. Kendall states, however, that he could not
get the above curative results from the tincture or dilutions, but when
he resorted to an infusion of the root, its calming effects were soon
manifested. Perhaps his tincture was made with strong alcohol, which
does not extract all the medicinal properties. Dr. Kendall made his
infusion as follows: Root of C. pubescens one drachm, hot water four
ounces. After standing (not boiling) one hour, give one teaspoonful
every one or two hours. This preparation would not be any stronger
than the first or second dilutions.
In the treatment of diseases of women, when reflex irritation causes
hysteria, melancholia, sleeplessness, nervous irritation, etc., its use
CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS.
297
will give satisfaction to the practitioner who adapts it to the symptoms
for which it is truly homoeopathic. Meanwhile we can use remedies
applicable to the primary disorder with better effects. The dose is to
be graduated according to the age of the patient, and whether the
symptoms are primary or secondary, ranging from the sixth dilution
or trituration down to drop doses of the mother tincture.
CYPRIPEDIN. This is the active principle of the Cypripedium
pubescens, and for all practical purposes, or until we have a thorough
proving of the plant, may be used instead of the tincture and dilu-
tions. I have used the triturations, and find this preparation curative
in about the same conditions, and for the same symptoms, as the prep-
aration from the crude root. It is, of course, much more powerful
than the tincture, and the dose should be selected accordingly. I
have never given it to children, but in adults it may be given in the
first or second triturations, without fear of aggravation, if not too long
continued, or inappropriately applied.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
(Wild Yam-Root)
ANALOGUES.-Anisum stellatum, Chamomilla, Caulophyllum,
Colocynth, Collinsonia, Viburnum.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is an indigenous plant, found in
thickets from New England to Wisconsin, and in the Southern States ;
a vine twining on bushes. Herbaceous, leaves mostly alternate, some-
times nearly opposite or in fours, more or less downy underneath,
heart-shaped, conspicuously pointed, nine to eleven ribbed. Flowers
very small, pale greenish-yellow, the sterile is drooping panicles, the
fertile in drooping, simple racemes. Stamens six, at the base of the
divisions of the six-parted perianth. Pod three-celled, three-winged,
loculicidally three-valved by splitting through the winged angles.
Seeds, one or two in each cell, flat, with a membraneous wing. The
root is long, branched, crooked, woody, of a white color internally,
light brown externally, and wrinkled longitudinally, with many fine,
long, tough, elastic, scattering fibres, having a short, granular frac
ture, the fractured surface appearing under the microscope white,
pithy, and dotted with numerous light yellow resinous spots. It is
inodorous, except when bruised, then it emits a faint, peculiar smell;
the taste is pleasantly bitterish, sweetish, sub-mucilaginous, and
298
NEW REMEDIES.
slightly pungent. As met in the shops the root is in pieces of vari-
ous lengths, and from three to nine lines in diameter. It is not easily
pulverized, flattening out when this is attempted. (It cannot there-
fore be triturated.) Water or alcohol are its solvents.
•
King, from whose Dispensatory I extract a portion of the above dis-
cription, says there is another species of Discorea, namely the D.
læriascola, of Wood, or the D. quanertata, of Pursh. It differs from
the former in its leaves, which are round and not cordate at the base,
smooth on both sides, margins slightly wavy. The dried root differs,
in the following characters: it is more knotty and contorted, with
rather more fibers, its color is ash-brown externally, and the bark is
hardly, if at all, wrinkled, its diameter is likewise greater, and has a
faint earthy odor when fractured or bruised, together with the bitter-
ishness of the preceding, but devoid of sweetness. "It is supposed
to possess properties similar to those of the officinal root, but no satis-
factory trials have been instituted. As it can be obtained in great
abundance, while the D. villosa is quite scarce, our practitioners will
do well to test its value in 'bilious colic.'' (K.)
As nothing is known of this species, and, owing to the scarcity of
the officinal root, it may be substituted for or mixed with the latter,
the homœopathic pharmaceutists and physicians will do well to be on
their guard against deception. For this reason I have given so
extended a description of both plants.
This plant is dedicated to, or named after, Dioscorides, the great
Greek naturalist. The term "villosa" is, according to Gray, a bad
name, for the plant is never villous, and often nearly smooth. King,
however, says the vine has a brown and wooly base.
Rafinesque* did not seem to be aware that it possessed any medi-
cinal qualities. He merely mentions the wild yam as "used by the
Western tribes, roots and meal; leaves also edible." This must be
a mistake, as the roots of Dioscorea are too woody in their character to
be edible under any circumstances. Some other species of the yam
must be alluded to.
Howard+ recommends it for bilious colic, but does not pretend to
explain its action. He does not know whether it is an anodyne or
or cathartic." His discription of the plant is so plain that I quote it
in full: "This plant is a twining and climbing vine, resembling in
some respects the morning-glory. The root is of a most singular tor-
tuous form, of a woody consistence, with numerous spiny protuber-
ances. It is perennial and doubtless endures a greater number of
* Medical Botany, 1828.
Botanic Materia Medica, 1836.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
299
years than the roots of most plants of similar habits. The sprangles
are usually near half an inch in thickness, and the whole root in
favorable situations is often found to weigh half a pound. The sten
is a climbing annual vine, winding around small shrubs, and insinua-
ting itself among brambles, often attaining the height of six or eight
feet. Near the ground the leaves usually appear in verticillate clus-
ters or whorls, varying in number from two to eight or more in a
bunch, dependent on the luxuriance of the soil. Higher up the leaves.
are alternate. They are always on pretty long foot-stalks, and of the
form of a heart, with the point acute and turned to one side, com-
monly roundish as well as cordate, and nearly two inches across.
Almost always you may count just nine veins or portions of frame
work, proceeding from the base towards the apex. The flowers show
themselves in May and June; they are very small and white, arranged
on little stems which come out just above the leaves. The seeds are
triangular, some like buckwheat, though four times as large, with
wings at the angles. The yam-root grows plentifully in the Northern
States, delighting in fertile hill sides, thickets and open woods."
Howard advises the infusion of the powdered root, (in bilious
colic). One ounce to be boiled in a pint of water, and half of it
given at a doge. "It acts with remarkable promptitude in affording
relief.” He says a Dr. Neville, of Ohio, “values the tincture highly
as an expectorant, also that it is diaphoretic, and in large doses,
emetic."
Dioscorein is the resinoid principle of the root of the Dioscorea
villosa. It forms a lightish yellow-brown powder of a faint smell,.
and a slightly sweetish resinous, very bitter, disagreeable taste, with
a persistent acridity which is very sensibly felt in the throat and fau-
When exposed to the atmosphere it absorbs moisture, becomes
darker colored, tenacious, of a pilular consistence, and leaves a light-
ish yellow-gray stain on white paper. It is wholly soluble in alcohol
only when first prepared, after keeping for a time it is only partially
dissolved. It is partly soluble in water.
ces.
According to King and other authorities the Dioscorein "possesses
the properties of the crude drug in an eminent degree. They decree
the dose to be from one to four grains. Homoeopathic physicians have
used this resinoid with good results, as will appear in the clinical
records.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.—(1) Tincture of the root; dilutions
Triturations of the tincture and the Resinoid ("Dioscorein.")
300
NEW REMEDIES.
Generalities.—This is one of those remedies principally known
as yet for its curative effects upon one portion of the organism. The
first knowledge which we have of a remedy is sometimes confined to
its effects upon one organ or tissue. Doubtless a full pathogenesis of
Dioscorea when obtained will develop effects and symptoms upon dif
ferent portions of the body, and give us indications for its use in dis-
eases for which it is not now considered appropriate.
That the physician may get a clear idea of the medical history of
the plant, I will give a resume of the estimate in which it is held by
the Eclectic school of medicine.
Neither Wood or ony other Allopathic writer make any mention
of this remedy. Howard, Smith, Watson and Beach, (Botanics) all
mention it as a remedy in bilious colic.
King says it is an anti-spasmodic, and the tincture "said to be
diaphoretic and expectorant. He evidently considers its anti-spasmodic
action as the most important, Such a vague generalization, however,
does not answer the requisitions of a science. Because a medicine
cures bilious colic, and other painful affections of the abdominal vis-
cera, it is not therefore anti-spasmodic. Colocynth cures in our hands
similar symptoms, but no one would consider that remedy an anti-
spasmodic. That Dioscorea is specific for certain symptoms we can-
not doubt, nor can the ¡homœopathist doubt that it acts occording to
the law of similia in such cases. Dr. King says of it :
Dr. King says of it: "It has been
successfully used by Eclectics in bilious colic, in doses of half a pint
of the decoction, repeated every half an hour or hour; in fact, no
other agent seems necessary in this disease, as it gives prompt and
permanent relief in the most severe cases. It will likewise allay
nausea, also spasms of the bowels." Of the Dioscorein he says:
"It is undoubtedly as much a specific in bilious colic as Quinia is in
intermittent" (i. e., only specific to some cases?) In a severe csse
of bilious colic, pronounced past hope by several physicians, four
grains, rubbed up with a tablespoonful of brandy, afforded prompt
relief, and a repetition of the dose in about twenty minutes from the
time of taking the first, effected a cure. In ordinary cases one or
two grains of Dioscorein may be administered every fiv, ten or
twenty minutes. It is useful in cramps of the stomach, bowels, and
even uterine cramps, also for the nausea of pregnant women, flatu-
lance, borborygmi, etc."
Coe (Conc. Org. Med.,) says: "The wonderful efficacy of this
remedy in the cure of bilious colic, renders it an indispensable agent
to every practitioner of the healing art. In this complaint it is near
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
301
a specific as any remedy can well be. The relief it affords is both
prompt and certain. But its entire value does not relate to this dis-
ease alone, as it has been found useful in cholera morbus, nausea
attending pregnancy, spasms, coughs, hepatic disorders, after pains,
flatulence, dysmenorrhoea, and in all cases where an anti-spasmodic
is required. In our experience of the management of cholera morbus
as well as vomiting from other causes, we have found that small doses
frequently repeated, will oftentimes control the symptoms when large
doses fail, (one-fourth grain of Dioscorein.) In conclusion, we would
reiterate the fact that Dioscorein is eminently anti-spasmodic, and
diaphoretic, and that its power of relieving spasms, relates more par-
ticularly to the stomach and bowels, in the disorders of which it has
become to be looked upon by many as nearly a specific. We speak
of our own knowledge when we state it to be the most reliable remedy
yet discovered for bilious and flatulent colic, and intestinal spasm and
irritation generally. It is a safe and harmless remedy, but in over-
doses will produce vomiting." The italics above are my own. If it
will cause vomiting in over doses, why may it not cause spasms,
cramps, irritation, and other phenomena of bilious and flatulent colic,
for which it is so specific? I do not doubt its power of inducing
these affections, when long given in pathogenetic doses.
66
Jones and Scudder assert that it acts as a very gentle diaphor-
etic, without exciting the action of the heart and arteries, or increas
ing the temperature of the body. It has been but little used, however,
for this purpose, although it might undoubtedly be employed with
much advantage. It appears to act as an anodyne and anti-spasmodic,
and likewise as an anti-emetic, in the diseases in which it is princi-
pally employed. The only affection in which it has been used suffi-
ciently to give a fair test to its virtues, is bilious colic. In many
instances it has appeared to act with great promptitude in allaying
nausea and vomiting, and relieving the pain and spasmodic action.
invariably present in that disease. In various cases of great severity,
when other remedies had been faithfully and perseveringly employed,
and when all had proved unavailing, the nausea and vomiting, severe
pain and spasms continuing unabated, with a dry and husky state of
the surface, the Dioscorea has afforded entire relief in every respect,
in twenty or thirty minutes, and the patient has fallen into a comfort-
able state of repose, and slept quietly for the first time since the
attack." Of the Dioscorein, they add, "We have used it in bilious
colic with much success; and as an anti-emetic in other cases. In
the cholera-infantum of children, it is one of our most efficient agents;
302
NEW REMEDIES.
combined with Leptandrin, we have succeeded in curing cases which
were considered hopeless. From our experience with this agent, and
it has been somewhat extensive, we believe it has a specific action
upon the liver, not only increasing, but changing the character of the
bilious secretion." The above is better and more definite testimony
than we usually get from allopathic sources. We can afford to laugh
at the name “anti-emetic," when their own authorities admit that it
causes vomiting. Yet they will not see that it cures according to the
law of similia. Doubtless they would seek to explain its action upon
some other hypothesis even if it was known to cause intestinal
spasms.
Dr. I. G. Jones, late Professor of Practice in the Eclectic Medical
College of Cincinnati, and author of an extensive work on practice,
writes concerning this medicine: "The remedy upon which I rely
in the treatment of bilious colic is Dioscorea villosa. I have used it
with entire success in all the cases that have come under my care.
In one case that had been previously treated forty-eight hours with
injections, fomentations, anodynes, and cathartics, without success,
the patient was relieved in half an hour by taking one dose of Dios-
corea. In another case, to which I was called in the night, the patient,
who had been suffering severely for twelve hours, was perfectly
relieved in a few minutes and soothed into a quiet sleep. It has
never been known to fail, and I should rely upon it with entire confi-
dence in all cases of this disease. The philosophy of its therapeutic
action may not as yet be fully understood, or clearly explained. That
it is eminently adapted to the case is very certain, and that, after all,
is the main point in practice." It may be interesting to us to know
what condition Dr. Jones calls bilious colic." He thinks it does
not depend on hepatic disturbance at all. The symptoms are gastric
derangement, furred tongue, constant pain, aggravated by regular
paroxysms of increased sufferings; pain located at first in the centre
of, but gradually diffused over the whole abdomen; febrile reaction,
vomiting, distended, tender and sensitive abdomen, etc. .
The clinical experience of the homoeopathic school with Dioscorea
and Dioscorein is not extensive. In fact I find no published record,
and can only give the statements of my intimate colleagues. Dr. P.
H. Hale, of Hudson, Michigan, informs me that he has used the tinc-
ture and lower dilutions successfully in cramps of the stomach, flatu-
·lent colic, bilious colic, and cholera morbus. In one case of a pregnant
woman suffering from persistent and distressing pynosis, who had used
without benefit alkalies, acids, and all the homoeopathic remedies
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
303
apparently indicated for this condition, Dr. Hale experimentally
prescribed the Dioscorea (five drops of the mother tincture before and
after meals). Its use in a few days resulted in permanent relief of
the disagreeable symptoms. He bas also found this remedy useful in
cardialgia occuring in persons of dyspeptic habits.
Dr. Rogers considers the Dioscorea useful in cholera morbus. In
one case where there was vomiting, purging of aqueous stools, with
severe abdominal and general cramps, the patient was promptly
relieved by a few doses of one grain each of Dioscorein trituration.
0
In an epidemic of dysentery, in which the majority of cases were
characterized by spasmodic pains in the abdomen, with unusually
severe tenesmus, Dr. Rogers found the Dioscorea a valuable remedy
when Colocynth and Aloes seemed indicated but failed to relieve.
Dr. J. C. Peterson writes as follows concerning the beneficial
effects of the Dioscorea villosa in dysentery: "During the past sum-
mer and fall we have had considerable dysentery. Many cases were
seized at the onset with violent, cutting, lacinating pains in the bow-
els, that elicited shrieks from the patient. In all such cases I gave
Dioscorea villosa 3d, with the happiest results, never having to resort
to the fourth dose. The case would be completed with Baptisia tinc-
toria, Cuprum aceticum, Leptandrin, Arsenicum or Hydrastis cana-
densis, either singly or two in alternation."
"Mr.
Dr. C. A. Williams reports the following case:
aged
50, subject to severe attacks of cholera morbus, with vomiting, diar-
rhoea, painful cramps in the stomach, bowels and extremities, from
which, under allopathic treatment, with opiates, etc., he would not
recover for several days. I was called in at night to see him, after
an attack had lasted about an hour. He was suffering intensely from
the usual symptoms, and he supposed he was to have an illness of
several days duration. Wishing to test the alleged virtues of Dios-
corea, I gave him about two grains of the trituration every fifteen
minutes. After the third dose he became easier, and before the sixth
dose he expressed himself as quite comfortable. He shortly fell
asleep, and in the morning was as well as usual."
Dr. Smith Rogers, of Michigan, has used this remedy for many
years. He communicates several noteworthy cases of enteralgia
which were promptly relieved by it. His first experience with the
Dioscorea was in a case of so-called "bilious colic" which had been
treated allopathically for five days, and the patient given up by his
physician. The specific symptoms are not remembered, except that
hat the man suffered the most intense. agonizing pain, day and night,
304
NEW REMEDIES.
worse in paroxysms. One dose of five drops of the tincture relieved
the pain in a few hours, and in a day or two the patient was well.
But one dose was given in this case!
Two other cases of colic were cured by the Dioscorea in his prac-
tice. In one the patient was a lady who was subject to attacks of
colic once or twice a year, the pain was very severe, and lasted sev-
eral days. On one occasion the patient sent for Dr. Rogers in the
night, but being unable to visit her he sent the tincture of Dioscorea,
to be taken five drops every hour until the pain ceased. One or two
doses cured her. Afterwards this patient was always able to arrest
the colic with one or two doses of the medicine. The other case was
a lady friend of the last patient, who suffered from similar attacks.
She was relieved by the same remedy, administered in the same man-
ner. It is to be regretted that Dr. Rogers omitted to record the par-
ticular symptoms of these cases.
The following two cases also occurred in my own practice:
Mrs. D., aged 30, has phthisis pulmonalis, with its accompani-
ments of hectic fever, night sweats, etc., but complains more of a dull,
heavy pain in the pit of the stomach, worse after ea’ing, and which is
relieved by copious eructations of air, bowels normal. Carbo vegeta-
bilis, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla and Bismuth were prescribed, but with-
out any benefit. The pain had been present for three weeks. After
taking Dioscorea, dilution, (five drops one hour before each meal,)
for two days, the epigastric pain, eructations, etc., permanently dis-
appeared.
Mrs. C., aged 25, was worn out with the care of a sick child, and
has had for two weeks a constant, heavy, dull wearing pain in the
cardiac portion of the stomach, which extends into the left side and
dorsal region. The distress is not aggravated by eating, and is not
accompanied by eructations of air. She feels the pain when she goes
to sleep, and when she wakes in the night and morning; bowels nor-
mal. She took for several days Arnica, then Nux vomica, and finally
China and Chamomilla, but with no alleviation of the pain. After
taking Dioscorea dilution, (five drops every three hours,) for 24
hours the pain left and has not returned. Dioscorea was found
promptly curative in both the above cases, yet the symptoms were
quite different.
U
Prof. Helmuth, of St. Louis, gives his testimony of the value of
this remedy in enteralgia: "I was called to see a gentleman who
for three days had been suffering the most intense pain in the lower
part of the abdomen. A very great variety of medicines had been
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
305
used in vain. There was a perfectly constipated condition of the
bowels, the strongest purgatives producing no action; excessive sen-
sitiveness of the abdomal parietes of the right side, with constant
thirst. The pain, although occurring most violently in paroxysms,
was constant, and was of a violent twisting character. All the usual
remedial means failed until the Dioscorein in the 2d trituration was
employed. The doses were fifteen minutes apart for the first four,
then thirty minutes, and finally every hour. In four hours the
patient's bowels moved, and in four hours more he fell into a profound
slumber, whioh lasted ten hours, when he awoke. Although there
was great soreness of the præcordia, the disease had entirely disap-
peared.
Case 2.—At four o'clock A. M., I was called upon to visit a gentle-
man whom the messenger asserted had been suffering most intense
agony for some hours. From what I could learn, the case was one of
enteralgia. I sent to him Colocynthis and Nux vomica, and added
an enema and a hot fomentation, believing that by such means relief
would certainly be afforded. At six o'clock I was again called upon,
and implored to visit the patient, as he was supposed to be dying..
So soon as I could I went to him. He was not dying, but certainly
was suffering very much. The pain he complained of being constant,
in the right side, aggravated at times, and as he twisted his fingers-
together in his agony he exclaimed, "It's just like that, like that, like
that!" These pains were all aggravated by lying down. I prepared
him twelve powders, of three grains each, of the 2d trituration of the
Dioscorein, ordered one to be taken every ten minutes until three
were taken, then every twenty minutes, with orders that so soon as
visible improvement was noticed, that the interval be longer between
the doses. When I returned in three hours a smile on his face.
"The second powder relieved me," said he, "and I feel most well.”
"I could multiply these cases, but so far as I can observe I believe
that whereas the sharp cuttings, with marked aggravations and ameli-
orations, belong to Colocynth, the steady twisting pains belong to Dios-
corea; it is more nearly allied to Ipecac than either to Colocynth,
Cocculus or Nux vomica. Its symptoms are worse when lying down,
and are generally to be noticed early in the morning. Pressure
relieving colic cannot be considered as pathognomonic of any remedy."
To this I will add my own observations. I have used the 1st, 2d,
and 3d dilutions and triturations in the above affections. In cramps
of the stomach (cardialgia) the 1st decimal dilution often acts more
promptly and satisfactory than Nux vomica. In the dioscorea-
20
306
NEW REMEDIES.
gastralgia there is generally a great tendency to eructate, and the
pain is paroxysmal. In spasmodic colic it seems to be indicated
where we usually give Colocynth and Chamomilla. In these cases
there is usually much flatulence, rumbling and paroxysmal pain. In
the colic of children, accompanied or not by diarrhoea, and attended
with screams and cries, and emissions of flatulence, the 2d and 3d
triturations have been useful. The true spherǝ of its action, whether
upon the muscular or nervous tissues of the abdomen, etc., cannot
yet be defined. I am inclined, however, to the opinion that it acts
more specifically upon the latter. Its action is probably confined to
the stomach and intestines. If useful in after-pains, or hepatic dis-
orders, it must be because they are dependent upon some intestinal
derangement. I once treated a gentleman for several years, for an
anomalous disease of the abdominal organs, of which I can never
form any satisfactory idea. He had been troubled with it from early
youth. The pain, for that constituted nearly the whole of the malady,
appeared at irregular intervals, sometimes once a week, at others once
a month, and lasted several days. I never prescribed anything, nor
did any other physician, which seemed to give him any relief. Ano-
dynes dulled the pain for a time, but gave no permanent benefit. It
was a crampy, spasmodic pain, commencing near the crest of the
ileum, and extending to the lumbar region and hypogastrium. Phy-
sical or mental labor would bring on an attack. It would gradually
increase for days. and end in an attack of vomiting, or at other times
affect the head. When it did leave it was always suddenly. Lying
on the left side and back only was endurable. My impression was
that it was a spasmodic disease of the vermiform process, excited by
some matters introduced into that portion of the intestime. A trav-
eling" spiritual doctor" prescribed for him a medicine or compound
which gave him more relief than anything he had ever used. The
chief ingredient in this mixture was the Dioscorea. The clairvoyant
insisted that the malady was "piles in the bowels," (?) a disease
which is not laid down in our nomenclature.
I know of no drug that would better repay a thorough proving, and
none that would aid more in establishing the universality of the law of
similia, if we got a pathogenesis verified, wherein we could see a picture
of those painful affections, in the cure of which it has gained such
empirical reputation. I have repeatedly taken the tincture and first
dilution several times a day for several days, but never elicited any
notable symptoms. I have also tried it in several patients, affected
* It was not due to the passage of calculus, as would naturally be supposed.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
307
with other than gastric complaints, but with no better results than in
myself.
DR. W. H. BURT'S PROVING,
May 5th, 1864, 10 A. M.-Took 30 drops of the fluid extract of
the Dioscorea. Half an hour after taking the medicine, commenced
to have pain in the whole epigastrium, and region of the gall-bladder,
quite severe, of a cutting, tearing character; at times spasmodic.
3 P. M. Slight distress in the stomach; took 40 drops. 5 P. M.—
Slight, dull, frontal headache; frequent, sharp, cutting pains in the
stomach and region of the gall-bladder; frequent, sharp, cutting
pains in the umbilical region, aggravated by walking; frequent
drawing pains in the left shoulder and neck; drawing pains in the
knees and ankles, the knees are very weak when walking; constant
dull pain in the lumbar region, aggravated by stooping or walking;
took 50 drops.
May 6th.-Awoke three times in the night with severe cutting
pains in the umbilicus. There are constant, dull, aching pains in the
umbilicus, with occasional colic-like pains; severe frontal headache;
thick yellowish-white coating on the tongue; rough, flat taste in the
mouth; black, dry, lumpy stool; dull, heavy pain in the lumbar-sacral
region, very much worse by stooping; fingers ache and are quite stiff;
drawing pains in the ankles and feet; took 60 drops. 9 P. M.-Slight,
dull headache; rough feeling in the fauces, with constant inclination
to swallow; constant, aching distress in the umbilicus; dull, aching
pains in the back; drawing pains in the calves of the legs and
ankles; took 100 drops. 11 A. M.-Dull, frontal headache; dry,
rough feeling in the fauces, with frequent inclination to swallow; con-
stant, dull, aching pains in the whole umbilical region, with frequent,
sharp, cutting pains all through the small intestines; dull, drawing
pains in the fore-arms and wrists; drawing pain between the shoul-
ders; constant, severe, drawing pains in the calves of the legs and
ankles; knees are feeling very weak; disposition to yawn and stretch.
3 P. M.—The pains are all the same, only more mild; took 200 drops.
5 P. M.-Slight, frontal headache; rough feeling in the fauces, with
frequent inclination to swallow; constant distress in the umbilical and
hypogastric regions, with severe, cutting, colic-like pains every few
minutes in the stomach and small intestines; bearing down, prolapsed
feeling in the anus; feeling very weak, hands and legs tremble con-
stantly; can hear my heart beating after walking a little. Pulse 80;
sharp, pulsating pain just at the top of the sternum, lasting an hour;
severe, drawing pains in my elbows, wrists and fingers, at times the
·
308
NEW REMEDIES.
pain in the fingers is very sharp; constant, dull, aching pain in the
lumbar-sacral region, very much worse by bending the spine; dull,
drawing pains in the knees and ankles; very sharp, cutting paius in
the bottom of the feet and toes; the right ankle and foot has the most
pain in it. 9 r. M.-Slight frontal headache, with occasional sharp
pains in the right temple; dryness of the fauces; constant, aching
distress in the whole of the bowels, with frequent sharp, cutting pains.
in the stomach and small intestines. Three hemorrhoidal tumors
have made their appearance, and are partially prolapsed; there is
constant dull pain and distress in the anus; the pulsating pain at the
upper part of the sternum is still there; it is very distressing; flying
pains all through the chest and back (cervical portion); constant dull
pain in the small of the back and hips, cannot bear to stoop down, it
is so painful; constant, dull, drawing pains in the elbows, wrists,
hands and fingers; the pain in the fingers is very severe, of a cut-
ting, tearing nature; constant, dull, aching pain in the ankles, feet
and toes; the pain in the toes is of a tearing, cutting character; took
150 drops.
May 7th, A. M.-Slept soundly, but perspired a good deal, awoke
at 2 A. M., with great burning distress in the stomach; dull frontal
headache; tongue coated white; flat, pappy taste; tonsils slightly
congested; constant aching distress in the stomach and bowels; stom-
ach is quite painful when pressed upon; stool, first part black, very
dry and hard, last part mushy and white. The stool was followed by
the protrusion of four hemorrhoidal tumors, the size of large red
cherries, with great pain and distress in the anus; constant, dull
headache; hands and fingers ache, and are very stiff; closing the
hands is very painful; ankles, feet and toes are also very stiff, and
ache constantly. After exercising two hours my hands and feet felt
quite free from pain. Took 100 drops at 10 A. M.-Slight frontal
headache; constant distress in the umbilicus. The hemorrhoidal
tumors are constantly prolapsed, which is very distressing and pain-
ful; dull, aching pains in the wrists, hands and fingers, ankles, feet
and toes; they are feeling quite stiff. Took 200 drops. 12 M.-
Slight frontal headache; constant aching, burning distress in the epi-
gastric and umbilical regions; dull, heavy, aching distress in the
right lobe of the liver; constant, dull, aching pain in the whole lum-
bar region; bending the spine produces sharp, cutting pains all along
the lumbar region; dull pains in the hands and feet; three of the
hemorrhoidal tumors are of the color of the mucous membrane of the
anus, and are the size of very large red cherries, the other one is not
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
309
so large, and is of a very dark, livid, blue color. 4 P. M.-Very
severe frontal headache; feeling very faint and weak; hands and legs
tremble constantly; vertigo, with great faintness; have to lie down
to keep from fainting; seems to all center at the stomach; great dis-
tress at the stomach, with frequent, sharp, prickly pains in it; sharp,
cutting pains every few minutes in the umbilical region; dull, aching
distress in my wrists, hands, fingers, ankles, feet and toes. Fearing
that I would have spasms, took three doses of camphor, without relief.
I then inhaled chloroform every few minutes until 7 P. M. The chlo-
roform gave great relief, but would last only a short time, when the
great faintness would come on again; at 7 P. M., the faintness left me.
9 P. M.—Severe frontal headache; constant and very severe burning
distress in the whole of the epigastrium; distress in the umbilicus,
and desire for stool; very hard, dry, lumpy stool, followed by pro-
lapsus of the anus, with great pain and distress in the hemorrhoids;
feeling very weak in the knees; constant, aching distress in the hands
and feet; very weak in the knees, can just walk; constant trembling
of the arms and legs; very severe backache.
May 8th.-Slept well until midnight, after that was very restless
until morning; skin dry and hot; pulse 62, while lying down; dull
frontal headache; great distress in the stomach, but not so much of
the burning; tongue coated yellowish white; flat, rough taste; stom-
ach very tender, cannot bear to have it pressed upon; very severe
pain in the upper portion of the lumbar region, when bending the
spine; soft, mushy stool, very yellow, at 8 A. M., followed by a very.
weak, faint feeling; hands and fingers ache all the time; fingers are
very stiff; dull pain in the ankles and feet, 8 P. M.; felt quite well
until 2 P. M., when the great burning distress came on again in my
stomach; dull headache; very lame back; the hemorrhoids are very
troublesome; my hands and feet have been feeling quite easy all day
after the first hour; exercise relieves all of the rheumatic symptoms.
May 9th.-Slept well; awoke at 5 A. M., with severe pain in the
umbilical and hypogastric regions, and great distress for stool; very
profuse, thin, yellow stool, that did not relieve the pain in the bowels
feeling very faint at the stomach and weak; 7 a. m., another very
thin, deep yellow stool, which relieved the pain a good deal, followed
by the great faintness at the stomach; eating would not relieve it
9 P. M., have been feeling quite well all day, but since 6 P. M., the
great burning distress in the stomach has been constant; severe neu-
ralgic pain in the left groin all the evening.
May 10th.—Slept well; this morning have a great burning in my
310
NEW REMEDIES.
stomach; slight distress in the bowels, with a deep yellow diarrhoeic
stool; hands and feet are quite stiff; dull backache; the hemor-
rhoidal tumors are free from pain and getting smaller. The backache
lasted one week after taking the remedy.
Characteristic Peculiarities.-The rheumatic symptoms are
worse at night and early in the morning; first hour the pains are very
much aggravated by motion, after that motion relieves them; diar-
rhoea early in the morning; all the pains are worse while sitting still,
relieved by motion.
Mind. Great depression of spirits; no desire to move; very sad.
Nervous System.-Great weariness and loss of strength; con.
stant trembling of the hands and legs; pain and spasms of the bow-
els; slowness of the heart's action; vertigo, with great faintness at
the stomach; disposition to faint; disposition to yawn and stretch.
Head.-Constant, dull, frontal headache, more in the top of the
forehead; very severe frontal headache; sharp cutting pains in the
right temple.
Mouth and Tongue.-Tongue coated with white and yellowish.
white; flat, pappy taste in the mouth; dryness of the fauces, with
frequent inclination to swallow; rough feeling of the fauces; tonsils
slightly congested.
Stomach.-Frequent empty eructations; constant distress in the
stomach, more in the afternoon and evening; severe cutting, tearing
pains in the stomach and region of the gall-bladder; at times the
pains are of a spasmodic character; constant, dull pain in the stom-
ach; great burning distress in the stomach, with sharp prickling
pains in it and faintness; great faintness at the stomach very painful
on pressure.
Liver. The appearance of the alvine cvacuations shows that it
has a marked effect upon the liver; sharp, cutting pains in the regions
with frequent sharp, cutting pains in the region of the gall bladder;
dull, heavy, aching pains in the right lobe of the liver; the stools are
very black, dry and hard; large, deep yellow, papescent stools, show-
ing an increased secretion of bile, then light colored stools.
Urinary and Genital Organs.-No special effect observed.
Abdomen. - Constant, dull pain in the epigastric and umbilical
regions, with frequent colic-like pains of a cutting, tearing characteri
frequent, sharp, cutting pains in the umbilicus, aggravated by walk
ing; awoke three times in the night with severe colic-like pains in the
umbilicus; constant dull pain in the umbilicus, with frequent sharp,
cutting pains all through the intestines.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
311
Stool and Anus.-Black, dry, hard, lumpy stool, last part of it
soft, white and mushy; dark, black stool, followed by prolapsus of
the anus; the anus has four hemorrhoidal tumors on it as large as red
cherries; three are the color of the mucous membrane of the intes-
tine, the other is of a livid, dark blue color. The prover never had
hemorrhoidal tumors in his life, excepting one tumor after proving the
Veratrum v., and strong symptoms of it while proving Esculus. He
considers these hemorrhoidal tumors truly a pathogenetic symptom of
the Dioscorea; obstinate constipation, followed by bilious diarrhoea;
severe pain in the umbilical and hypogastric regions, with great
desire for stool; very profuse, deep yellow, thin stool, followed by a
very weak, faint feeling, and without relieving the pain in the bowels;
this continued two days, in the morning, then was followed by consti-
pation. The hemorrhoidal tumors were prolapsed all the time, with
great pain and distress in them.
Chest.-Sharp, pulsating pain in the top of the sternum; sharp
stitches all through the chest and cervical portion of the back; draw-
ing pain between the shoulders.
Back. Constant, dull pain in the lumbar region; dull aching
pain in the lumbar-sacral region, very much aggravated by bending
the spine; dull pain in the small of the back; bending of the spine
produces sharp, cutting pains in all the lumbar vertebra; back is
quite stiff, especially in the morning.
Arms.-Frequent drawing pains in the elbows, wrists, hands and
fingers; severe cutting pains in the elbows, wrists and fingers; con-
stant dull pains in the wrists, hands and fingers, with frequent sharp
pains in the fingers; fingers are very stiff, can hardly close them,
they are so very painful.
Lower Extremities.-Dull, drawing pains in the knees and
ankles; very sharp pain in the bottom of the feet and toes; constant
dull pains in the ankles, feet and toes, with sharp pain in the toes;
the toes are very stiff, especially in the morning.
PROVING OF DIOSCOREA, BY THOMAS NICHOL, M. D., Belleville, C. W.
Dec. 1st, 1865.-At 11 a. M., took a teaspoonful of the 1st deci-
mal dilution, in a little water; at 11:30, nausea and qualmishness,
with stitching pain in the region of the heart, and an uneasy feeling
in the umbilical region. At 12:50 P. M., belching up of wind, and
continued uneasiness of the umbilical region; at 3 P. M., rumbling of
the bowels, with tenderness on pressure, the tenderness was more a
soreness, and there was considerable bloating. At 9 P. M., took a tea-
312
NEW REMEDIES.
spoonful of the 1st decimal dilution. All the symptoms were aggra-
vated on lying down, and the pain shot at intervals down to the iliac
regions, especially the right. Confused sleep, with anxious dreams.
Dec. 2d, 1865.-At 8:30 A. M., took a teaspoonful of the 1st deci-
mal dilution. The abdominal pain intermits a good deal to-day, it
having been continuous on the previous day. The tongue was coated
yellow, and the eructations tasted of rotten eggs. At 2 P. M., I ate a
sour apple without considering its effects on the proving, and in a
very short time the pains and all the symptoms disappeared.
Dec. 6th, 1865.-Resumed the proving, using the 1st decimal
trituration of Dioscorein, of Keith's manufacture, which Dr. Coe
claims is the "true concentrated equivalent of the plant." At 12:30
P. M., took two grains of the preparation; at 1 P. M., rumbling of the
bowels and inclination for stool, with uneasy feeling in the stomach,
with nausea and disgust for food. 3:30 P. M., bloating of the umbili-
cal region, with soreness on pressure, with giddy, confused feeling of
the head. At 4 P. M., took two grains of the 1st decimal trituration ;
at 5 P. M., unusually drowsy, fell asleep with a book in my hand, all
through the sleep there was a confused consciousness of the conversa-
tion going on around me; on awakening felt an unusual languor, with
disinclination for mental exertion.
Dec. 6th.-Passed a very restless night, and got up feeling lan-
guid and unrefreshed; the head ached over the eyes, and the mouth
was bitter and clammy. At 7 A. M., a good deal of heat in the stom-
ach, with nausea. Gradually vertigo and giddiness comes on, which
lasted for an hour; the head felt hot, and about 8 o'clock warm sweat
broke out over the forehead, and the vertigo was accompanied by rum-
bling of the bowels. At 12 m., took five grains of the 1st decimal
trituration. At 1:55 P. м., sudden re-appearance of the vertigo, with
heat of the head; this continued with great violence for half an hour,
and then subsided, but continued more or less all the evening.
Dec. 7th.-Early this morning, while in bed, I felt a mild but per-
sistent nausea, accompanied by sharp pains in the umbilical and right
iliac regions. The pain was spasmodic and very sharp, and was
neither aggravated nor ameliorated by pressure, though pressure
caused a rumbling. At 9:30 A. M., very sharp, cutting pains along
the whole right side of the forehead, shooting back as far as the ear;
the pain is not a steady pain, but remits, and is aggravated by pres-
sure. At 5 P. M., while walking in the street, I was attacked with
vertigo so violent that I was unable to walk, and reeled as if intoxi
cated, and at the same time the neuralgic pain was aggravated.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
313
Dec. 8th, 1865.—At 2:45 P. M., took 15 grains of the 1st decimal
trituration. At 3:25, return of the sharp pains in the temples, aggra-
vated by exposure to the cold air. After this date I took no more
medicine, and all the symptoms gradually declined.
Dr. Paine, (eclectic) gives some suggestive pathogenetic experi-
ence with this drug. He does not, however seem to see the inevit
able deduction favorable to homeopathy which such experiments
present. Dioscorea evidently causes just that hyperæsthesia of the
abdominal nerves which Dr. Paine says it cures.
He says:
* "As
to its influence on the healthy constitution I will give the experience
of two of my former students-each testing the drug when in a per-
fect state of health, and each being ignorant of the effect experienced
by the other:"
DR. HENRY A. SUMMER'S EXPERIMENT.
"I commenced taking Dioscorin in half-grain doses three times a
day. Soon after taking the first dose, I experienced considerable
pain in the abdomen, which was soon followed by a slight diarrhoea.
I continued taking the drug until I had taken twenty-five doses, and
did not observe any further effects. I then increased the dose to one
grain, when I was again seized with abdominal pains as well as diar-
rhoea, which soon passed off; and although I continued its use until I
had taken twelve one-grain doses, no other effects were perceptible.
I then discontinued its use for three days, when I again commenced
with the dose increased to two grains, and after taking four doses was
seized with such a severe griping pain in the abdomen that I was
obliged to abandon the experiment. Since I commenced the experi-
ment I found that my appetite was very much increased."
DR. J. C. MICHENER'S EXPERIMENT.
"I commenced taking one-half grain of Dioscorin with the fol
lowing effects: First dose caused a slight feeling of fulness in the
head, with an increase of saliva, and an agreeable sweetish taste.
Symptoms continued three hours. The dose was taken three times a
day on the 7th and 8th, with like effects. On the 9th the dose was
doubled in the morning, which caused a slight, continued pain in the
abdomen, as if the point of a finger was placed upon the umbilicus
and pressed upward and backward. At noon the dose tripled, with
an increase of the severity of the symptoms and defecation, which is
uncommon at that period. In the evening the dose was quadrupled,
but I fell asleep before its action commenced and remained undis.
314
NEW REMEDIES.
turbed about four hours, when I awoke in a horrible dream, feeling
much pain in the abdomen, but it soon subsided and I again fell
asleep; awoke soon and found myself sore upon pressure. I now
took five doses in one, or three grains. In one-half hour there was
fulness in the head, speedily followed by severe pain in the abdomen
more spasmodic than heretofore. During the intermissions there was
a burning sensation which lasted three hours. I now thought it the
part of prudence to discontinue the experiment. The soreness lasted
two days."
Dr. Paine does not venture any remarks on these experiments. In
fact, he could make no deductions without giving "aid and comfort"
to the homœopathic school, and this no well regulated eclectic or allo-
pathist would do, even if in withholding it he sacrifice consistency
and truth.
We, however, want no better proof of the law of similia than the
above experiments. They show that Dioscorea is capable of causing
very similar conditions to those it so promptly cures. Its action,
although evidently severe, is not of long duration.
Dr. Paine (Eclectic) says: "The first instance in which I used this
remedy was in the case of a lady, about forty years of age, who had been
laboring under a severe form of the affection (bilious colic) for three days,
in spite of the usual remedies taken to relieve her. I ordered two
grains (of Dioscorin) to be given every fifteen minutes, followed by a
small draught of hot water. The second dose relieved the violence
of the paroxysm, and in the course of two hours the vomiting and
pain had been entirely controlled, although there were gastric and
enteric inflammation for several days, which yielded, however, to hot
packs, Aconite and Veratrum v. "Subsequently I used the remedy in
a number of cases under more favorable circumstances, and in each
instance immediate relief was the result, and in no case in which I
have used the Diocorea previously to the use of other remedies have
I found inflammatory symptoms developed; hence I have every
reason to believe that they would rarely occur in bílious colic, if they
were not induced by pernicious medication. On consulting my med-
ical friends, I learn that their experience is similar to mine; and
knowing that what is known as bilious colic was simply a hyperæs-
thesia of the umbilical plexus of nerves, or one of the forms of neu-
ralgia, I determined to try it in other nervous affections, consequently
I have used it in nearly every form of painful neuralgia."
"In facial neuralgia, hyperesthesia of the spine, brain, uterus
* Concentrated Medicines, page 43.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA.
315
and other portions of the nervous system, its power is most marked and
in nearly every instance relief has been effected. Of course the
causes, predisposing and exciting, received their due attention and
appropriate treatment, as well as other complications.
"As to the extent to which I have used the drug I would remark
that although I have not kept a detailed account of all the cases, yet
I have prescribed it continually for five or six years, and with almost
uniform success. My experience with it, as well as such information
as I could obtain from others, leads me to believe that it possesses
more power over painful nervous affections than any other remedy in
the Materia Medica. Its influence on the system appears to be of a
more specific character than otherwise, as it relieves the pain without
producing any remarkable constitutional symptoms, for, after taking
one or two grains every two hours, for a few days, the system appears
to react, and the pain and paroxysm disappear, the appetite becomes.
natural, and the bowels and kidneys, together with all the eliminators
of the body assume their natural functions."
In most chronic nervous affections I combine the Dioscorin with
some proportion of Iron, and use such other adjunct remedies as the
cases seem to demand. In malarious districts I use it with sulphate
of quinine."
Dr. V. W. Sunderlin, of Pewamo, Michigan, reports the following
case:-Mr. A. V., aged 30, nervous temperament, has for several
years been suffering with Flatulent Colic, which comes on every night,
except during the summer months, at which time the pain does not
come on so regularly every night, nor is it so severe. In the year
1858 I prescribed for him for the same disease, and gave Colocynth,
Chamomilla, Carbo veg., Nux vom., and some other remedies, with-
out any material benefit. Since that time other physicians and many
remedies have been tried, apparently in vain. He believed that
spirits of turpentine relieved him most of anything he had tried.
About six weeks ago his sufferings were so great that I was sent for,
and prescribed the Dioscorin 1st, in two-grain doses, three to be taken
during the daytime and a dose every hour, when the pain came on.
He has had no colic since the first night after taking the Dioscorin,
and considers himself well.
ERECHTHITES HIERACIFOLIUS.
(Fire-Weed.)
ANALOGUES.-Asarum, Copaiva, Petroleum, Sanguinaria, Sabina,
Trillium, Terebinthina.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant was first described under its
present name by Rafinesque. It is the Senecio hieracifolius of Lin-
nous. It has an annual, herbaceous, grooved, thick, fleshy, branching
virgate, panicled and roughish stem, from one to five feet high, The
leaves are simple, alternate, large, lanceolate or oblong, acute, une-
qually and deeply toothed, with acute indentures, sessile and light
green, the upper ones often with an auricled clasping base. The
flowers are whitish, terminal, crowded, and destitute of rays Invo-
lucra smooth, large, tumid, and bristly at the base. Achenia oblong,
hairy.
over,
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This is an indigenous rank weed, growing in
fields throughout the United States, in moist woods, and in recent
clearings, especially and abundantly in such as have been burned.
It flowers from July to October, and somewhat resembles in
appearance the Sow-thistle (Sonchus oleraceus); the flowers some-
times resemble those of lettuce. The whole plant is officinal, and
yields its virtues to water and alcohol. It has a peculiar aromatic and
somewhat fœtid odor, very unpleasant to many persons, and a peculiar,
slightly pungent, bitterish and rather disagreeable taste, with some
astringency. These properties appear to depend upon a volatile oil,
which may be obtained from the plant by distillation with water, and
which possesses in an eminent degree the taste and odor of the plant,
and which is very persistent. It is of a light yellow color, (King.)
HOMOEOPATHIC OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture and Oil, and
the dilutions prepared therefrom. The first dilution (decimal) of the
oil, being of about the strength of the mother tincture of the plant,
General Effects.-No pathogenesis of this remedy has yet been
obtained. In large doses it acts as an acrid emeto-cathartic. It is
decreed by the eclectics to be "emetic, cathartic, tonic, astringent
and alterative." King says it is most valuable for the last three qual-
ities. It seems to possess analogous properties with Erigeron, Tur-
pentine, Copaiva, and others of its congeners above mentioned. It
acts as a powerful irritant to the mucous membrane of the digestive
and urinary organs, and in some manner upon the blood vessels.
Muscular Membranes." It is reputed an unrivalled medicine
in diseases of the mucous tissues of the lungs, stomach and bowels.
A spiritous extract of the plant has been highly recommended by Dr,
A. R. Wyeth in the treatment of cholera and dysentery, in the latter
disease promptly arresting the muco-sanguineout discharges, reliev-
ing paiu, and affecting a speedy cure, In the summer complaint of
ERECHTHITES HIERACIFOLIUS.
317
children, he has found it to prove almost invariably successful, even
in cases where other means had failed." (King.)
That this medicine should cure the above diseases is not surpri-
sing. The little we know of its pathogenetic effects, convince us that
if given in pathogenetic doses it would cause all the symptoms of
gastro-enteritis, with bloody, mucus, or watery discharges. It may
be considered homoeopathically indicated in the above diseases, in
adults and children, when blood is quite profuse in the evacuations,
and the urinary organs are also effected simultaneously or sympatheti-
cally. In these cases we would advise the third dilution of the oil,
or the first of the tincture. In cases of chronic bronchitis, gleet,
catarrh of the bladder, and all chronic blenorrhoeas, if indicated, it
may be used with advantage in the lowest dilutions.
Heart, Arteries, etc.-In its effects on this system it rivals Erig-
eron. It has long possessed the popular confidence as almost a specific
for all active hæmorrhages. It is the custom of the country people
to apply the fresh bruised leaves to bleeding wounds, and administer
the infusion internally for hæmorrhages. It has been used success-
fully by the eclectics in hemorrhage from the lungs, bowels, kidneys,
and uterus. King* says it has "proved useful in profuse menstrua-
tion. The volatile oil, however, is principally used in obstetric prac-
tice, to check uterine hæmorrhage, which it frequently does with
promptness. It has likewise been found useful in spasms of the
stomach and bowels, hysteria and the diarrhoea of pregnant females."
(women.) The same author advises its use in hæmorrhoids, (bleeding.)
Several homoeopathic physicians give me their favorable testimony
relative to its value in uterine hoemorrhage. They find the first deci-
mal dilution of the oil, ten drops on sugar, repeated every 15 or 30
minutes, the most appropriate dose. Eclectics give from 20 to 30
drops of the crude oil. It would be interesting to know whether a
proving of this agent in dynamic doses would elicit the hæmorrhagic,
gastro-enteric, and urinary symptoms for which it is so popular.
Having generally used the the Erigeron, I have not prescribed the
Erechthites in but a few instances. In one case, of menorrhagia, it
arrested the flooding in a few hours; in another, of hæmorrhage from
an abortion, (at eight weeks,) before the placenta was expelled, it
seemed to check the flooding, which did not return. I have no doubt
it will be found useful, not only in hæmorrhages from various organs,
but in acute inflammations of the bowels, kidneys, bladder, etc,
External Uses. As an external application, Dr. Scudder † says
the infusion has been highly recommended as a wash in chronic cuta-
neous diseases, as in herpes, salt-rheum, tinea capitis, psoriasis, etc.,
and as an application to old, indolent ulcers.
It probably cures such conditions by its local homoeopathicity, as
an irritant, in the same manner as Tar and Turpentine, when applied
in the form of ointments.
* American Obstetrics, page 667.
† Mat. Med., page 653.
ERIGERON CANADENSE.
(Canada Fleabane.)
ANALOGUES.-Asarum, Arnica, Cantharis, Copaiva, Chimaphila,
Senecio, Eryngium, Galium, Hamamelis, Trillium, Terebinthina,
Uva ursi.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Stem erect, wand-like, five inches to
five feet high, branching, hairy and furrowed. Leaves very narrow,
with rough edges, those from the root cut-lobed. Flowers white, very
numerous, small, of mean appearance, irregularly racemous upon the
branches, and constituting a large oblong panicle. The disk of the
flowers yellow. This is an annual plant, common all over the world,
seldom seen in woods or on mountains, but grows in fields, commons,
dry meadows and glades in great profusion, and is deemed by farmers
one of the most troublesome weeds. It flowers in June to October.
[This genus comprises eight species, three of which are considered
to possess similar medicinal qualities, namely: E. canadense, E.
philadelphicum, E. annuum. It is quite probable that the plant as
found in the shops, and most of the oil in market, is prepared from
the three, and perhaps other kinds, mixed indiscriminately. The E.
canadense is the largest species, but has fewer rays (40 to 50), and
are white. The two other species are from two to four feet high, rays
100 to 200, and reddish-purple or flesh colored. The E. annuum is a
biennial, and the E. philadelphicum a perrenial herb.]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The plant has been used since anterior to the
settlement of this country. It is still called by its aboriginal name
of "Cocosh." The Indians used it as a vulnerary, much as Arnica is
used in homoeopathic practice. It has a host of common names.
Fleabane is the true English name. Colt's-tail, Mare's-tail, Daisy,
Frost-weed, Field-weed, Skevish, etc., are names in common use with
the country people, and apply to all the species of the plant. These
plants have a peculiar smell, most unfolded by rubbing them, and is
not disagreeable. Their taste is astringent, acrimonious, and bitter.
The two species having the stringent taste and odor are the E. phila-
delphicum and E annuum.
On analysis they are found to contain Tannin, Extractive, Gallic-
acid, Amarin, and an Essential Oil. The oil is very peculiar, as fluid
as water, of a pale yellow color, a peculiar smell, somewhat like
lemon, but stronger, and a very acrid taste. Medical authors do not
agree as to which plant shall be decreed officinal. Rafinesque men-
tions the E. philadelphicum, and botanic writers follow him. Wood
and Stille name the E. canadense. Homœopathists settled upon the
latter more by accident, perhaps, as that species was first mentioned.
Dr. De Puy, of New York, states that in 1812, the E. canadense
was introduced into the portion of the hospital in that city, where the
extract and tincture were found very efficacious in the treatment of
ERIGERON CANADENSE.
319
diarrhea and dysentery. This was probably the first use of it in the
allopathic school.
Dr. King* was the first to call the attention of the homoeopathic
school to the use of the E. canadense. The other species have not
been used knowingly by homoeopathic physicians. Since the first
edition of this work, it has been extensively used in homoeopathic
practice, and generally with gratifying results.
PHARMACEUTICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Owing to the carelessness of
plant-gatherers, it is probable that much of the tincture and oil of
Erigeron sold by our pharmaceutists is prepared from a mixture of
the above mentioned three or more species. In the absence of a
pathogenesis of each species, it does not perhaps matter so much, for
we now depend mainly on the empirical use of the medicine as our
guide in its administration. But when we shall have provings of one
or more species, it will then be important that the preparations we
use shall be distinct and pure from admixture.
Stille says:
"Almost all of the testimony which has been pub.
lished respecting the remedial writers of the fleabane, agree in attrib-
uting to the Canadian species astringent and hæmostatic virtues, and
to the Philadelphian species a diuretic action more particularly. Raf-
inesque, King, and others, think the E. canadense must be considered
the officinal plant.
OFFICINAL PREPARATION.-(1) Tincture of the whole plant, and
its dilutions. (2) Oleum Erigerontis and its dilutions. (3) Tritura-
tions of the oil.
General Effects.-Rafinesque, and the older writers, considered
the fleabane to be "diuretic, sudorific, astringent, styptic, emmena-
gogue, pectoral and tonic." Wood, Stille, and later allo pathic writers,
consider them tonic, astringent and diuretic.
Dr. Hales, of Troy, in 1825, made large use of the E. canadense.
He states that two or three drops of the oil dissolved in alcohol, has
"suddenly arrested uterine hæmorrhagy." Drs. S. W. Williams, E.
Watson, and others, in 1854, confirmed the above use of the Erigeron
in uterine hæmorrhage. Drs. Weston, Eberle and Barton published
cures of ascites with the plant in infusion. The above are all allopathic
authorities, and their experience is valuable to us in a clinical point
of view.
Eclectic writers give us a large amount of clinical experience
with the medicine.
Dr. King says it is useful in the form of infusion, in diarrhoea,
gravel, diabetes, dropsical affections, dysuria of children, painful
micturition, etc. "The volatile oil acts as an astringent, and may be
used as a local application to hemorrhoids, bleedings from small
-wounds, etc., also in rheumatism, boils, tumors, and sore throat.”
*N. A. Jour., vol. 5, p. 282.
320
NEW REMEDIES.
But it is in hæmorrhages that the oil has been most strongly recom·
mended; and the testimony relative to its successful use in this con-
dition is so large that we must accord some specific virtues to it. It
is considered by the country people as being quite infallible in its
power over hemorrhages. The usual practice is to apply the bruised
fresh plant to the wound, binding it on with a compress. I have
known it thus applied to arrest quite alarming arterial bleedings. In
its general action, it is an analogue to Terebinthina. Its primary
action is similar to Turpentine, in causing intense congestion of the
kidneys, etc. It is primarily homœopathic to active arterial hemor-
rhages, with congestion, and even inflammation; secondarily, to pas-
sive hemorrhages, with relaxation, ulceration, etc. Large quantities
cause a stimulating effect, increasing the heat of the body and
force of the pulse.
The following pathogenesis is made up of a collection of scattered
symptoms, and a recent proving of Dr. Burt. That gentleman writes
me that he expected more symptoms of the genital organs, such as
urethritis, urethral discharges, etc., but thinks he did not carry the
experiment far enough. He calls attention to a symptom which was
persistent through the whole proving, namely: a dull, aching pain
and distress in the lower lumbar region. He supposes, and perhaps
correctly, that the pain was due to renal congestion.
PROVING BY WM. H. BURT, M. D., OF LYONS, IOWA.
Experiment First.-Nov. 11. In perfect health. Took five drops
of the tincture prepared by Dr. E. A. Lodge. At 9 P. M., it produced
dryness of the pharynx; severe drawing pains in the right lumbar
region, passing down to the right testicle, lasting half an hour, fol-
lowed by dragging pains in the left hypochondrium,
Nov. 12.-Took 20 drops at 7 a. M. Noon, increased secretion of
mucus in the nostrils all the forenoon, with a feeling of roughness of
the pharynx and sensation as if something had lodged in the upper
part of the oesophagus that causes a frequent inclination to swallow.
Slight nausea for two hours; slight rheumatic pains in the abdominal
muscles and right thumb; severe drawing pains in the left ankle,
greatly aggravatad by walking, lasted three hours. Took 20 drops.
For three hours had hard drawing pains in the abdomen, then felt no
more symptoms until 7 P. M., when I had sudden, severe pains in the
hypogastrium, followed by soft, mushy stool. Throat sore all night,
with frequent inclination to swallow; feeling as if something had
lodged in the upper part of the œsophagus.
ERIGERON CANADENSE.
321
Nov. 13.—Throat slightly sore. Hard, lumpy stool at 7 a. M.
8 P. M., sudden pain in the hypogastrium, followed by a mushy stool ;
urine increased and of a pale color.
Jan. 1.-Took 30 grains of the third trituration of the oil, pre-
pared from the 2d decimal dilution, at 11 A. M. 2 P. M., have had a
constant, dull pain in the right umbilicus, twice the pains were severe
and of a cutting character; eructations of air. 9 P. M., dull frontal
headache. Have had frequent rumbling pains in the bowels, with
dull aching distress in the lumbar region; twice had a number of
sharp, stabbing pains in the region of the left kidney, passing from
left to right. All the evening drawing pains in the elbow and meta-
carpal bones of the right arm and hand; dull pains in the knees.
Jan. 2-Feeling well, took 40 grains at 8 A. M. 12 M., in two
hours after taking the medicine I had sudden colic-like pains in the
umbilical region while walking, with dull pains in the lower dorsal
region, and loud singing in the right ear; for two hours have had dull
pains in the left hypogastrium and umbilicus. Took 40 grains. 1 p.
M., severe sticking pains in the region of the right kidney. 9 P. M.,
have been excessively languid all day, with great depression of spir-
its. Smarting of the eyes all the afternoon and evening; frequent,
dull pains in the left umbilical region; constant severe aching distress
in the whole dorsal region, more on the right side. No stool to day;
urinated 28 ounces dark colored. Thermometer 28°.
Jan. 3.—Awoke with a dull pain in the forehead and right eye;
slight agglutination of the eye-lids; rough feeling in the pharynx ;
very languid. 7 A. M., took 75 grains. In half an hour dull pains in
the hypogastrium, followed by a dark colored, hard, lumpy stool. 10
P. M., dull frontal headache, with smarting of the eyes; dull pains in
the umbilicus; aching distress of the whole dorsal region. At 3 P.
M., feeling greatly prostrated, no ambition to move; frequent disposi
tion to yawn; great aching distress in the dorsal and lumbar regions ;
arms and legs ache severely. 9 P. M., same symptoms; urinated 40
ounces. Thermometer 20°.
Jan. 4.-Natural stool, followed by severe neuralgia of the anus,
with tenesmus.
Jan. 5.-Natural stool at 8 A. M. 12 м,, loose stool. Loose stool
on the 6th.
My friend, Prof. E. M. Hale, sent me 380 grains of the dried
herb. I made an infusion of it by putting the whole quantity sent
into one quart of water and boiled it down one-half.
Jan. 8.-Took one ounce of the infusion at 8 A. M. 12 M., slight
21
322
NEW REMEDIES.
distress in the umbilical region. Took two ounces. 2 P. M., frequent
dull pains in the umbilical region, with a feeling in the anus as if it
had been torn; this was a prominent symptom, and lasted all day.
Roughness of the pharynx. 10 P. M., have had frequent distress in
the umbilicus, with hard, aching distress in the whole dorsal region.
Took two ounces; urinated 49 ounces, pale color.
Time.
7½ o'clock,
12
3
"
6
(6
Barometer.
Thermometer. Weather.
30.12 | F. 9. R. 11 | Clear.
30.20 | 15
81
""
30.22 | 17
71
30.22
18
71
Jan. 9.-Awoke at 4 A. M., with great desire to urinate; voided
13 ounces; dull pain in the lumbar and sacral regions. 8 A. M., took
three ounces. 2 P. M., sharp, cutting pains in the epigastric region
every few minutes, followed by dull pains. 6 P. M., mushy stool ;
dull distress in the whole dorsal region. 9 P. M., pains in the hips
when walking; urinated 63 ounces, pale color, turns blue litmus.
paper red, but cannot detect albumen in it with heat or nitric acid.
·
Time.
7½ o'clock,
12
3.
· 6
"(
"
"
Rained all the afternoon.
Barometer.
Thermometer. Weather.
30.20 | F. 13 R. 8| Clear.
30.16
30
1 Cloudy.
30.14
33
1 |
30.15 |
32
1 |
Jan. 10.-Had a restless night, but no pain; feeling languid, with
aching distress in all the large joints; no stool to-day; so situated I
could not measure the urine to-day, but it was much less to-day than
yesterday. Rainy day.
Jan. 11.-Aching of all the joints, with great despondency; nat-
ural stool. Rainy to-day.
•
Jan. 12.-Awoke with a dull headache, with aching distress in all
the large joints; bad taste in the mouth.
symptoms every morning for three days.
Languid, rainy day. Some
DR. BURT'S EXPERIMENT WITH ERIGERON ON A CAT.
Sept. 5.-4 A. M., injected five drops of the oil under the skin of
the foreleg of a cat. Quarter of an hour afterwards mews constantly;
runs about; appears restless, uneasy. 5 P. M., lies quiet, with eyes
half closed. 7 P. M., injected thirty drops of oil. After half an hour
appears in great distress. Profuse secretion of saliva. At 8 P. M. is
quiet, with mouth open.
Sept. 6.-Passed four stools, natural, during the night; the last
slightly streaked with blood; has not urinated; refuses to eat.
9 A.
ERIGERON CANADENSE.
323
M., injected fifty drops under the skin of the foreleg; followed by
great agitation as before. 10 A. M., ears and legs very cold; excessive
trembling. 4 P. M., has had two undigested stools, and urinated.
6 P. M., injected forty drops; one hour after unable to get up; trem-
bling excessively.
Sept. 7.—Appears quite natural; has passed stools and urine
during the night. Injected thirty drops under the skin of side. 5 P.
M., very weak; has been trembling all day. 7 P. M., injected fifty
drops; tries to walk, but is unable to do so. 8 P. M., injected thirty
drops.
Sept. 8.--Just alive. Injected 30 drops. Ears and legs very
cold. Died at 9 A. M.
AUTOPSY.-Nine hours after death: encephalic and thoracic viscera
natural; liver much congested; also the colon and rectum, which
were filled with dry fecal matter, agglutinated to the intestines so
firmly as to be removed with difficulty. Kidneys, cortical substance,
slightly congested. Bladder much distended; other abdominal vis-
cera natural.
RESUME.
Skin.—When the oil is applied to the skin it "causes a burning
sensation, much resembling that produced by Capsicum, but will not
vesicate. It is a powerful rubefacient, but we never emember to
have seen it vesicate."* Dr. White, however, says that it causes
"slightly elevated, sharply defined vesicles.”
Sleep.-Great restlessness all night, without any real pain.
Fever. Very languid all day; great lassitude all day, with great
depression of spirits; severe, dull, aching distress in all the larger
jeints; hard, dull, aching pain in all the dorsal region; frequent
yawning.
Moral Symptoms.-Lowness of spirits, with a feeling of great
languor.
Head.-Awoke in the morning with a dull frontal headache; dull
pains in the forehead and right eye; dull headache; dull headach
with singing in the right ear; headache, with pain in all th large
joints.
Eyes.-Smarting of the eyes all day; slight agglutination of the
eye-lids in the morning; dull pain in the right eye and forehead.
Applied to the conjunctiva it causes redness, swelling, inflam-
mation, with profuse muco-purulent discharges. Yet Scuddert
* Coe, Conc. Org. Med.
† Materia Medica.
324
NEW REMEDIES.
says that the infusion is useful, as a local application, in opthal-
mia, after the acute symptoms have subsided. It will form a use-
ful application to ecchymoses upon the eyeballs, or around the eye,
from a blow, etc. It should be given internally, and a weak dilution
of the tincture applied locally.
Nose.-Increased secretion of mucus in the nostrils all the fore-
noon.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It is a useful remedy in epistaxis. It
may be applied locally by injecting a weak dilution in water, or satura-
ting lint with it and plugging the nostrils. But it is undoubtedly useful
in epistaxis, when administered internally. A few drops of the first or
second decimal dilution of the oil, given every fifteen minutes, will
often arrest profuse bleedings from the nasal passages. When given
for active hemorrhage from the nose, accompanied with congestion of
the head, febrile action, red face, etc., it should be given in the third
or sixth dilution, and in alternation with Aconite, Belladonna or
Veratrum viride. But when the hemorrhage is passive, occurring in
debilitated subjects, or is chronic, and associated with ulcerative
catarrh, the one-tenth, or even the tincture, in drop doses, may be
resorted to with benefit.
Mouth.-Flat, pappy taste in the mouth in the morning.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.---In bleeding from the gums, profuse bleed-
ing from the cavity after a tooth has been extracted, it has been used
locally with benefit.
Throat.-Dryness of the pharynx; roughness of the pharynx,
with a sensation as if something had lodged in the upper part of the
œsophagus, that causes a frequent inclination to swallow; sore throat
all night, with frequent inclination to swallow; rough feeling in the
pharynx, with bad taste in the mouth.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--Dr.Coe says, "as an application to inflamed
and enlarged tonsils, and inflammation and ulceration of the throat
generally, this remedy has few superiors. It should be applied with
a probang, of the strength of one drachm to two ounces of alcohol.
It should be applied externally to the throat at the same time." This
recommendation will remind the practical physician of the popular
use of Turpentine in similar cases. Indeed, it is quite certain that
in the early stages of Tonsillitis, the latter remedy will arrest the
disease. When applied to the mucous surface will cause inflammation
and even ulceration.
Stomach.-Slight nausea for two hours; frequent eructations of
tasteless air; sharp cutting pains in the region of the stomach every
few minutes, followed by constant, dull distress in the same region.
Excessive nausea; violent retching and vomiting, with burning
sensation of long duration in the stomach; sensation of heat in the
stomach.
ERIGERON CANADENSE.
325
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It should be useful in hæmatemesis.
Vomiting of blood may be caused (a) by erosion of the mucous coats
of the stomach, (b) inflammation of the stomach and consequent ulcer-
ation, (c) rupture of an artery, (d) cancer, (e) disease of the liver and
spleen. In all these cases the Erigeron will prove a valuable auxili-
ary to such remedies as Hamamelis, Sulphuric acid, Ipecac, etc.
When the vomiting is the result of acute inflammation the higher
dilutions will be most appropriate, but when it proceeds from ulcera-
tion, rupture of an artery, or when the blood is black and grumous,
then the lowest dilutions will prove most efficient.
Abdomen.-Rheumatic pains in the abdomen; dull pains in the
left umbilicus; sharp pains in the umbilicus; frequent, dull pains in
the bowels, with dull distress in the dorsal region; sudden, severe
pains in the hypogastrium, followed by mushy stool, twice about 5 p.
м.; sudden, colicky pains in the umbilical region, when walking out
doors.
Stool.-Hard, lumpy stool; mushy stools; sudden pains in the
hypogastrium, followed by papescent stools, twice at 5 P. M.; natural
stool, followed by severe neuralgic pains in the anus, with tenesmus';
feeling in the anus as if it was torn. Catharsis, with burning sensation
throughout the alimentary canal; thin, papescent stool, with burning
in the bowels and rectum; burning in the margin of the anus. (The
experiment of Dr. Burt, in which he injected the oil under the skin
of a cat, throws some light on its action on the bowels. He got the
following symptoms: Undigested stools of meat; stools loose and
streaked with blood. Autopsy showed the colon and rectum much
congested, and in which was dry fæcal matter, agglutinated to the
surface so firmly as with difficulty to be removed. All these symp-
toms, and the pathological condition, point to an inflammation of the
mucous coats of the colon and rectum).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In 1812 it was used successfully in
New York city hospital in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery.
In some portions of the country it is considered a specific for "bloody
flux." In domestic practice I have often known it to be used in the
form of an infusion, with curative results. Taking the hint from
this observation, I have given the lower dilutions in dysentery, with
excellent effects. Several of my colleagues bear testimony to its
curative action in this disease. It is indicated when the urinary
organs are sympathetically affected, and we find dysuria, or suppres-
sion of urine. The stools are small, streaked with blood, accompanied
with tormina, burning in the bowels and rectum. The appearance of
scybala (lumps of indurated fæces) in the discharges would be a fur-
ther indication for the Erigeron. In hemorrhoids, especially in the
bleeding variety, this remedy is specifically indicated. In profuse
bleeding from the hemorrhoidal tumors, we should not rely entirely
326
NEW REMEDIES.
upon its internal use, but apply the diluted tincture locally. In hem-
orrhage from the bowels, the Erigeron will probably prove as valuable
as Terebinth, to which it bears so close an analogy. Both remedies
are capable of causing inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal
mucous membrane. In typhoid fever, dysentery, and several other
diseases, ulceration occurs, resulting in copious and often fatal hem-
orrhage. The usual remedies are Nitric and Sulphuric acids, and
Turpentine. These remedies arrest the bleeding, and heal the ulcer-
ation. Erigeron I believe to have a similar curative action, and should
the above medicines fail, I should resort to the first or second decimal
dilution in ten drop doses, repeated every hour, with a confidence in
the result.
Liver.-Dull pains in the right and left hypochondrium. Aching
distress in the right and left hypochondrium ;-constant symptom,-
with severe aching distress in the whole dorsal region.
Urinary Organs.-Sharp, stabbing pains in the region of the left
kidney, the pains were from left to right; sticking pains in the region
of the left kidney; dull, aching distress in the lower dorsal region,
(constant symptom); pain in the right lumbar region, passing down to
the right testicle; urine dark color at first, afterwards very pale;
urine increased to double the normal quantity, very pale, heat or
nitric acid show no albumen in it; inclination to urinate about every
hour, with an aching distress in the bladder. Erigeron has a specific
affinity for the urinary apparatus. Dr. Burt found the cortical substance
of the kidneys, (in a cat poisoned with the oil) slightly congested. At
first the urine was suppressed, then increased. In this its action resem-
bles Cantharis, Cannabis, Copaiva, Turpentine, etc., when given in large
doses. The pathogenetic symptoms in men are: (1) Complete sup-
pression of urine, with pain in the region of the kidneys; urging to
urinate, with emissions of only a few drops of burning urine (large
dose). This condition was followed in a day or two by copious emis-
sions of pale urine, smelling of the oil. (2) Small and repeated doses
caused frequent urination, with burning in in the urethra when urina-
ting; discharge of mucus with urine.
"
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Ring was the first to introduce this
remedy to the homœopathie school for the treatment of urinary affec-
tions. In the N. A. Journal of Homœopathy, Vol. V., page 282, he
writes: Recently I have had two cases of dysuria in teething chil-
dren, which yielded to no remedy until I made use of drop doses (two.
or three drops every two or three hours) of a tincture of the Erig-
eron canadense. The symptoms in the two cases were more particu-
larly-pain so as to cause a great deal of crying on voiding urine, the
calls for which are frequent. The secretion was abnormally increased.
and had a very strong odor. The parts externally-both were female
ERIGERON CANADENSE.
327
children—were in both cases very much inflamed, or irritated, with
considerable mucus discharged. The children were very fretful at
all times. Several remedies were tried in both cases without any
benefit, but prompt relief followed the use of the fleabane." Nearly
every writer upon indigenous remedies has recommended the Erigeron
for similar cases, as well as for other affections of the urinary organs.
King says it has been found efficient in gravel, diabetes, dropsical
affections, dysuria of children, painful micturition, and also many
nephritic affections. Scudder writes: "It has been used with benefit
in diabetes, nephritis, cysitis, and to subdue the irritation arising from
the presence of calculi in the bladder; also in gonorrhoea and gleet.'
Several cases are reported in the Eclectic Journal of its successful
use in hæmaturia, also in chronic vesical catarrh. Coe says he has
used the Erigeron in gonorrhoea with the most marked and benefi cial
results : It allays the scalding of the urine, and assists materially
in cutting short the disease. It is of much service in inflammation of
the kidneys and bladder."
Wistar, Eberle, and Barton used the infusion successfully in
dropsy. and report several cures of ascites. Stille says it is useful in
vesical irritation, from catarrh of the bladder, and promotes the dis-
charge of calculous concretions from the urinary passages.
All this testimony is eminently suggestive to the homopoathist.
In the study of a medicine, it is most important to ascertain its speci-
fic affinity for any particular organ or tissue. This inquiry settled,
we may rationally prescribe it in affections of those structures, even
before we know the peculiar pathogenetic symptoms which it causes
in those organs. We have ample testimony that the Erigeron has a
specific affinity for the urinary organs, as much so as Cantharis or
Turpentine; and although its characteristic symptoms may differ from
those medicines, yet we know it will prove useful in nephritis, cys-
titis, hæmaturia, dysuria, etc. A good proving should be made; but,
if we can have such careful observations as those of Dr. Ring, we can
be guided materially in our selection of the drug.
Genital Organs of Women.-Uterine Hemorrhage, with violent
irritation of the rectum and bladder; hemorrhage from the uterus and
bladder; abortion, with profuse hemorrhage, diarrhoea, and dysuria—
(from very large doses); scanty menses.
CLINICAL REMARKS.-We have at command a large amount of
clinical testimony, from the most reliable sources, both allopathic and
homoeopathic, as to its curative action in hemorrhages from the uterus,
and other abnormal discharges from the sexual passages. Beach says
(Mat. Med.): "The oil is an infallible remedy in hemorrhages, in doses
of from five to ten drops." Dr. King (Obstetrics) says it "exerts a
powerful influence in menorrhagia and uterine hemorrhage. From
two to ten drops, on sugar, or dissolved in alcohol, and mixed in a
little mucilage or sweetened water, repeated every ten or twenty min
utes, usually acts promptly. It may possibly have some other influ
ence in checking uterine hemorrhage than that of a mere astringent
328
NEW REMEDIES.
for, without the muscular fibres of the uterus are caused to contract,
I do not believe the hemorrhage after delivery can be checked."
King's theory of the action of Erigeron is doubtless correct. In
tympanitis, the gas cannot be expelled, unless there is a contraction
of the muscular coats of the intestines. Turpentine has the same
effect in tympanitis that Erigeron does in uterine hemorrhage, namely;
causing contraction of muscular fibre; but Erigeron must have also
the general power of causing contraction of the muscular coats of the
arteries, else it could not be so specific in all forms of hemorrhage
(arterial). Coe (Conc. Org. Med.) writes: "Although not a specific,
it is undoubtedly the best agent we possess for the relief of uterine
hemorrhage. The dose of the oil, in these cases, is from five to ten
drops, repeated every thirty or sixty minutes. It will act more
promptly, being rendered more diffusible, by being previously dis-
solved in alcohol. In addition to its internal administration, it may
also be applied locally with the best results. A case occurred under
the observation of the writer, over twenty years ago, in which the
patient, from excessive loss of blood, was reduced to a comatose con-
dition, and incapable of swallowing. A piece of cotton wool, satura-
ted with the oil, was introduced into the vagina, and placed in close
contact with the mouth of the uterus, when an instantaneous stop was
put to the bloody flow. During the past season we were consulted in
a similar case, in which we advised the adoption of the above plan,
and with complete success." Coe says, "it allays the spasmodic
pains accompanying leucorrhoea, and restrains, without suppressing,
the menstrual flow, when too profuse." Cases have come under my
observation, however, where the Erigeron, in small doses, has unde-
niably restrained the menstrual flow, when not too profuse. One
cannot read the above testimony from Eclectic sources without noting
the similarity of its curative action with that of Sabina. In fact, it
is a very near analogue to Sabina. Both cause, in poisonous doses,
abortion, hemorrhage, etc. Both are indicated in nearly the same
conditions. Like Sabina, it is capable, in toxical doses, of causing
congestion, inflammation, and even hemorrhage from the kidneys and
We have, in addition to the above, some reliable homœo-
pathic testimony as to the specific curative action of Erigeron in
uterine hemorrhage. Dr. White states: "I have used the volatile
oil in the first, second, and third att., as well as the crude oil. In
uterine hemorrhage, it is the first remedy I have recourse to. It has
never failed me. I have given from one to ten drops of the 1st, and
the same internally, and as an injection into the uterus, in extreme
cases." Dr. D. W. Rogers reports to me the following cases:
(1). A lady, aged thirty-five, had an abortion, followed by profuse and
alarming hemorrhage, which continued for six weeks, in spite of all
the efforts of her allopathic attendants, who used all the astringents,
etc., at their command. She became almost exsanguined, nearly com-
atose; could not move without flooding; and the case was given up
as hopeless. Erigeron, 1st dil., was given in ten drop doses, every
hour. A piece of cotton wool was wet in the same, and applied to
uterus.
* Trans. Ill. Hom. Med. Association, vol. 9, p. 55.
ERIGERON CANADENSE.
329
the os uteri. No more hemorrhage took place after the first six hours,
and under the use of appropriate nutriment, etc., the lady made a
good recovery. (2). A case of profuse and alarming flooding after
labor was promptly arrested by the internal administration of Oleum
Erigeron 1st dil. Dr. P. H. Hale used it in a case of post-parturient
hemorrhage. Cold applications, posture, etc., were tried without
perceptible effect, but the flooding ceased soon after giving the patient
the oil of Erigeron, 1st dil. in fifteen drop doses, every thirty min-
utes. I might add the testimony of a score of other homoeopathie
physicians as to its efficacy in hemorrhage from the uterus, but enough
has been adduced to show that it is a valuable and important remedy
in such conditions. It will hereafter prove a powerful auxiliary to
such remedies as Sabina, Trillium, Crocus, Secale, Platina, and others
of similar virtues. The following may be considered a good resumé
of its curative indications in diseases of women: (a.) In profuse and
frequent menses. (b.) In dysmenorrhoea with menorrhagia. (c.) In
hemorrhage after labor, or after an abortion. (d.) In threatened
abortion with flooding. (e.) In hemorrhage previous to labor. (f.)
In profuse lochial discharges. (g.) In profuse uterine and vaginal
leucorrhoea. It has been found useful in palpitation of the heart,
when arising from uterine irritation. It is alleged to have been used
"with remarkable success in those peculiar headaches which accom-
pany defective menstruation.”
Organs of Generation of Men.-(See Urinary Organs.) It has
been found curative in gonorrhoea and gleet.
Respiratory Organs.-Jones and Scudder (Mat. Med.) say: "In
coughs and chronic bronchial affections, when attended with copious
mucus or purulent secretion, and in the incipient stages of phthisis
attended with bloody expectoration, this agent, used in the form of a
syrup or infusion, will be found to answer an excellent purpose. It
is of value in hæmoptysis." King records his estimate of its value
in hæmoptysis, also various other eclectic writers.
Back.-Severe, drawing pains in the right lumbar region, passing
down to the right testicle, lasted half an hour; dull, aching distress
in the whole dorsal region, (constant symptom); dull pains in the
lumbar and sacral regions, with sharp pains in the hips when walking.
Superior Extremities.-Rheumatic pains in the right thumb all
the evening; hard drawing pains in the elbow and metacarpel bones
of the right arm and hand; great aching distress in the elbows and
wrists during rainy weather for several days.
Lower Extremities.-Severe drawing pains in the left ankle
joint, greatly aggravated by walking, lasted three hours; dull pains
in the knees; severe aching distress in the hips and knees for several
days during rainy weather.
330
NEW REMEDIES.
Characteristic Peculiarities.-Symptoms all aggravated during
rainy weather. The headache is very slight, and generally occurs
early in the morning. The greatest amount of suffering caused by
the Erigeron is in the lower dorsal region. The depression of spirits
is very great at times. The pain in the umbilical region is mostly on
the left side.
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM.
Button Snake-Root.)
ANALOGUES Allium sativum, Asclepias tuberosa, Copaiva, Dul-
camara, Hepar sulphur, Ipecac, Kali bichromicum, Phosphorus,
Senega, Spongia, Senecio aureus, Tartar emetic.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. This is an indigenous perennial herb.
Stem simple, from one to five feet in height, erect. Leaves one to two
feet long, by half an inch to an inch and a half wide, broadly linear;
paralleled veined, taper pointed, grass-like, ciliate, with remote soft
spines. Bracts tipped with spines. those of the involucels entire,
shorter than the heads. Flowers white or pale, inconspicuous, and
disposed in ovate globose heads which are pedunculate, and from half
an inch to an inch in diameter. Calyx five parted, permanent. Styles
slender, petals connivant, oblong, emarginate, with long inflexed point.
Fruit scaly, top shaped, bipartite. This is a remarkable plant,
appearing like one of the Endogens. It is known to the common
people by the name of "Rattle-snake's master,"* on account of its
reported powerful antidotal virtues against the bites of venomous
snakes. Gray and Wood do not think the name E. aquaticum a proper
one, and call it E. yuccafolium. Gray says it never grows in water.
(The former name is retained for the present, at least) King says
it grows in swamps and low, wet lands. It is found all over the
United States, particularly in moist soils. I have found it in great
profusion on the low prairies around Chicago. It flowers in August.
The root is the officinal part. It has a dark brown, very knotty rhi-
zoma, wrinkled horizontally, with many fibers of the same color,
growing downward, furrowed longitudinally, and from a line to a line
and a half in thickness. Internally it is yellowish-white, of a pecu-
liar smell, somewhat resembling that of Iris versicolor, and a faintly-
sweetish, mucilaginous, aromatic taste, succeeded by bitterness, some
*This name, however, as well as "Button Snake-root," is also applied to Liatris spicata, or
"Gay feather."
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM.
331
degree of pungency affecting the fauces, and a very slight astringency.
It is easily pulverizable. Water or alcohol extracts its properties.
OFFICINAL PREPARATION.-(1) Tincture and dilutions. (2) Trit-
urations of the fresh and dried root.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Rafinesque was one of the first to mention
this plant.
He says: * "Many species are very active, diuretic
and sudorific. The E. aquaticum, E. yuccœfolium and E. fœtidum
are mostly used. By E. aquaticum he probably referred to the E.
virginianum, which was the E. aquaticum of Michaux, and is found in
swamps in New Jersey and near the coast southward; and the E.
foetidum is now the E. aromaticum (Baldwin), which grows on the
pine barrens of Florida. This last he says is equal to Valerian or
Contrayerva in hysteria (?) also that "the roots of all are pungent,
bitter, aromatic, stimulant, expectorant, useful in debility and chronic
diseases of the lungs and bladder. The Indians value them much in
fever and dropsy. The root, when chewed, causes a copious flow of
saliva."
No use is made of this plant in allopathic therapeutics. The
eclectics make some use of it. King says: "It is very useful in
dropsy, nephritic and calculous affections; also, in scrofula and
syphilis; it is said to be diuretic, stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant,
and, in large doses, emetic. It has been recommended as a substi-
tute for Senega." The pulverized root, in doses of two or three
grains, has proved very effectual in hæmorrhoids and prolapsus ani.
Two ounces of the pulverized root, added to one pint of good Holland
gin, has effected cures in obstinate cases of gonorrhea and gleet (one
or two fluid drachms three or four times a day). By some practition-
ers this root is employed as a specific in gonorrhoea, gleet and leucor-
rhoea. Howard speaks of it as a powerful diuretic, and says he has
cured asthenic dropsies with it. He has also used it with benefit in
gravel. Prof. Tully,† in a very ingenius argument on the possibility
of selecting medicinal analogues by the sense of taste, says the Eryn-
gium strongly resembles in this respect the Polygola senega, and
does, in fact, possess similar medicinal powers. The only mention
made of this remedy in the literature of our school is to be found in
Hill and Hunt's Surgery, page 400. In the treatment of spermator-
rhea, after referring to various remedies, they propose the Eryngium,
and give two “remarkable cures" made by Dr. Parks, of Cincinnati.
Since the first edition was published, several physicians of our
school have assayed to use it in cases similar to those mentioned by
Hill, but without much benefit. It was partially proven by Dr.
McClelland, in 1859, when a student of Cleveland College, and in the
winter of 1865-6, Drs. Coggswell and Jones, students in Hahnemann
Medical College, Chicago, made provings of this medicine. These
provings may throw light upon its method of action, and give us a
better idea of its sphere of effects than we have heretofore had.
* Medical Botany, 1828.
† Materia Medica, part 1, vol. 1, p. 220.
332
NEW REMEDIES
<<
PARTIAL PROVING BY C. H. M'CLELLAND, M. D.
During the winter of 1858 and 1859, while at the Cleveland
College, I undertook to prove Eryngium aquaticum, with the follow-
ing results: I took from five to twenty drops daily for about ten
days, stopped and concluded that the remedy would not take effect on
me, when, in the course of a week the following symptoms appeared:
[I would here state that I was suspected by professors and students
as,being under the influence of venereal disease, which caused me to
try several substances as antidotes before the drug had expended its
powers. It was a most thorough proving, and if others had taken
interest in it, a full report might have been secured; but I have only
notes of part of the symptoms, as follows:]
Eyes.-Purulent inflammation of left eye; congested, red, swol-
len slightly, tender to pressure; constant aching, dull pain, relieved
by heat, followed by profuse discharge of purulent fluid, sticky, like
gum arabic water, sticking lids together, flowing on cheek from all
parts of eyelid. Lasted 48 hours, leaving conjunctiva granulated
and rough.
Throat.-Intense redness and congestion of mucous membrane
as far as could be seen, slight swelling, without pain or bad feeling,
with profuse secretion of thick, whitish mucus, giving the throat an
ulcerated appearance. Inflammation of the eustachian tube, also left
ear swollen in and out, tender to pressure, constant aching pain,
bleeding readily, with discharge of thick, white and bloody pus, foul
smelling; lasted several days.
Nose.-Profuse discharge of thick, yellow mucus from nose, last-
ing several days.
Chest.-Oppression of chest; feeling of fullness; inability to
take full breath, with desire to do so; no cough, lungs seem to be
solidified.
Tongue.-Grayish color, with ragged appearance; constant hawk
ing up of mucus.
Generative Organs.-Sexual desire suppressed, then excited,
with lewd dreams and pollutions; discharge of prostatic fluid from
slight causes.
Urine.-Clear at first, usual quantity, then deep yellow, profuse,
no froth or sediment.
Pulse.-Increased about ten beats, but soft and weak.
General Symptoms.-Feeling of great debility; lower extremi-
ties languid and heavy, with profuse perspiration on walking; faint
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM.
333
ing fits; dare not rise suddenly, step down, or turn my head quick,
or I would fall into a swoon, and once my room mate had trouble to
get me brought to my senses. Left os-calcis and patella tender, sore
and painful on motion. Continued singing and ringing, with cracking
sound in left ear."
PROVING BY DR. C. H. COGSWELL,
(Student of Hahnemann College and Member of the N. W. Proters' Association.)
The prover is of a moto-bilious temperament, mild disposition,
general good health, habits regular, student of medicine, attending
from five to six lectures daily, rest of the time engaged in study; live
on food not highly seasoned, three meals daily; sleep very well,
usually eight hours in twenty-four; take but little exercise, except in
going to and from lectures and meals.
Chicago, Ill., Nov. 22, 1865.-Beautiful weather, warm and dry
atmosphere; no prevailing epidemic or endemic diseases. Com-
menced proving the drug Eryngium aquaticum by taking ten drops of
the tincture half an hour previous to each meal, also before retiring
for the night. Began taking it in the morning of the 23d. About
11 o'clock, frequent desire to urinate; stinging, burning pains in the
urethra behind the glans penis during urination; the urine of a light-
ish red color, rather deficient in amount. At 2 o'clock P. M., severe
pain in the left groin and testicle, worse during exercise, also a slight,
dull pain in the lumbar region; previous to retiring, urine rather
darker, with the symptoms in the urethra more marked; slept well
during the night.
Nov. 24.--On rising in the morning, a thick, yellowish, tenacious
mucus in the mouth; appetite partially wanting, though restored upon
the sight of food; pain in the left groin and testicle still continuing.
Took the drug the same as the day previous.
Nov. 25.—Took the last of the medicine before retiring; rather
wakeful during the night.
Nov. 26. Feeling of weakness, and heavy, dragging pain in the
lumbar region. In the afternoon took a long walk, returned feeling
very tired, especially in the lumbar region; heavy, disagreeable
sensation in the groin, perhaps due to the walk. Took no medicine
the following day.
Nov. 27.-Obtained more of the drug and took fifteen drops half
an hour after breakfast. About 11 o'clock, while sitting in the lecture
room, felt a heavy, dull pain in the mastoid portion of the temporal
bone, and passing through to the opposite side; also pain in the pos-
334
NEW REMEDIES.
terior portion of the neck, of a rheumatic character; cervical muscles
slightly stiff, and sore on motion; head moved with difficulty. Took
fifteen drops before dinner. Pain in the head still remaining; thoughts
rather confused, could not concentrate them upon any subject without
much exertion. 6 P. M., took fifteen drops. Between nine and ten
o'clock slight nausea, with drawing, cramping pains in the stomach,
also a heavy compressing pain between the shoulders; slight perspi-
ration of a disagreeable odor, resembling that of urine.
Nov. 28.-Had severe colic-like or cramping pain in the small
intestines; early in the morning a sensation of weight or heaviness
in the stomach; tongue and fauces very dry, with insipid taste in the
mouth; dull, dragging pain in occiput, neck and shoulders; expanding
sensation in frontal region above the eyes, increased by stooping;
bruising, tearing pain about the ears, as if they were being torn from
their location; pain in the occiput disappeared about 11 o'clock a. m.,
but became more severe, extending downward, forward into the eyes,
causing a partial dimness of vision or blur before the eyes; exercise,
or the least excitement, increases the pain; scalp sore to the touch;
combing the hair causes pain; restless, uneasy, frequently changing
position; flashes of heat passing through the system; slight erethism.
of the nervous system; a hot, burning pain in the stomach and oesoph-
agus on taking the medicine; bowels constipated; dark brown color,
rather dry, and very hard; tenesmus at stool; fæces seem to cut as
they pass through the anus; sensation of urine remaining in the ure-
thra, of a burning, smarting character, but of normal temperature and
not of a corrosive nature. Amount of urine passed in twenty-four
hours was twenty-six ounces, slightly acid in reaction; specific gravity
1016, containing 382,11 grains solid matter; urine of a lightish red
or amber color when boiled; a white flocculent sediment found in the
bottom of the vessel after standing a few hours.
Nov. 29.-Pain in the head less severe, but worse in the neck
and between the shoulders; erratic pains all over the body in the mus-
cular tissue during the day; loss of energy; very nervous in the
evening, unable to remain in one position; very sober and depressed
in spirits; nausea, followed by acid eructations about noon. Partial
anorexia; no desire for particular kinds of food. Stopped taking the
drug in the morning.
Nov. 30.-Frontal headache on rising; awoke earlier than usual;
thick, tenacious, disagreeable mucus in the mouth; erratic pains in
the trunk and upper extremities; heavy, dragging pain in the stom-
ach; smarting, burning sensation in the fauces.
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM.
335
Commenced taking the drug Dec. 11, for the second time. Took
one hundred and fifty drops per day. Previous to taking the drug,
free from all pain. Acid eructations following each meal, and con-
tinuing some little time. but after taking it the second time this symp-.
tom ceased and remained absent during the proving.
Dec. 13.-Bowels constipated, without an evacuation for two or
three days; felt no uneasiness on this account, and it was more an
act of the will than necessity to evacuate the bowels then. Decrease
in quantity of urine; transient rheumatic pains in the left shoulder
and arm, also right wrist and hand; dull, aching pain in frontal region,
especially over the left eye. on the 14th.
Dec. 15.—After the second dose, severe pain in frontal region
sufficient to cause dimness of sight; not able to think steadily on any
one subject; severe pain over left eye of a tearing or boring nature.
Dec. 16.-The mucus membrane of the larynx seemed thickened
so that it provoked a short, hacking cough and a small expectoration
of mucus of thick stringy consistency and light yellow color. It
mostly came from the larynx. A slight dyspnoea, as if clothing was
too tight; choking in the throat upon slight pressure.
Dec. 17.-Increased the dose from forty drops to half an ounce.
No particular change in the symptoms, except a continual dull, heavy
pain in the frontal portion of the brain. Eyes irritated by strong
light, producing a smarting, burning sensation, with a heavy, aching
pain, a dull expression of the eyes, and great inclination to sleep
much of the time. Concentration of mind caused a heavy, full pain
if persisted in. Very nervous and uneasy, moving about continually.
Took three doses of half an ounce each during the day. Very dull
at night, and not so restless; slept well during the night; awoke in
the morning with colick-like pains in the bowels; smarting, raw pain
in left side of the throat, with dry tongue, and thick yellow mucus was
ejected from the mouth, which increased the smarting in the throat;
a hollowness or emptiness in the stomach, accompanied by a heavy,
dragging pain; reading or writing caused a hard, heavy pain in the
forehead, which was increased by stooping.
Dec. 18.-Frequent desire to urinate which passes off drop by
drop for a few minutes, with a slight tingling near the meatus urina-
rius. Slept well during the night, but arose in the morning with dull,
heavy pain in the head.
Dec. 19.-Pain in the head increased by lowering it or thinking
intently upon any subject; pain mostly located in the frontal region,
and more particularly over the left eye, of a sharp, shooting charac
336
NEW REMEDIES
ter, and when sitting in a stooping posture it would leave the eye and
pass into the neck and along the muscles to the shoulder, and beneath
the scapula, where it would remain for some time. Muscles of the
eyes felt stiff, and caused pain on turning them quickly; eyes sensi-
tive to a strong light, and slightly congested at times, especially when
looking at a strong light or walking in a bright sunlight; pulse about
ninety; muscles of the neck were sore, on turning the head quickly;
pressure caused a hard, heavy pain.
Dec. 20.-Cramping, colic-like pains in the abdomen; heavy,
dragging pain in the stomach during the night; constipation still con-
tinues; pains in the head and neck less severe, but not entirely gone;
great inclination to sleep much of the time, especially in the afternoon.
Dec, 21. Very cold but clear in the morning; pain in the head
and neck increased in intensity, severe when stooping or when turning
the head quickly; burning pain in the eyes, they feel heavy and
are slightly congested, squinting on exposure to a strong light; sharp.
piercing pain in the bowels, feel bloated, but not visible on inspec-
tion, feel heavy while walking and are, sore on pressure.
FRAGMENTARY PROVING BY DR. W. G. JONES,
Student of Hahnemannian College, and Member of N. W. Provers' Institute.
This prover is of lymphatic-bilious temperament, quiet disposi-
tion, and in excellent health.
Nov. 18.-Took ten drops of the mother tincture in the evening
on going to bed. A few minutes afterwards felt dizzy and elated;
disturbed dreams of a confused character
*
Nov. 19. Very soon after rising urgent call to urinate; urine
more scanty and high colored than usual; a slight burning sensation
in urethra before urinating; soon after dinner vertigo. (This day
took 10 drops before each meal and on going to bed at night.)
Nov. 20.-Morning, shooting pains in the coronary region, and in
the right side of the face, from eyes to teeth; vertigo in evening.
(Medicine same as yesterday.)
Nov. 21.-Shooting pains in right side of face, from the the eye
to the teeth, in forenoon. The prover was here obliged to discontinue
the proving.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Sensation of calmness and indisposition,
both mentally and physically; malaise; erratic, rheumatic-like pains
all over the body in the muscular tissue; flashes of heat through the
system quite often for some minutes at a time, seeming to come on in
paroxysms. (C.)
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM.
337
Nervous System.-Very nervous in the evening, unable to remain
in one position any great length of time; very restless and uneasy.
Mucous Membrane-Of the throat and larynx seemed thickened
so that it provoked a short, hacking cough and a small expectoration
of mucus of a thick, slimy consistency, yellowish color, which came
mostly from the larynx. This continued throughout the entire
proving.
Muscular Tissue.-Erratic pains, not unlike rheumatism; mus-
cles of the eyes felt stiff, and caused pain on moving the eyes quickly ;
cervical muscles sore on turning the head rapidly, also caused a hard,
heavy pain on pressure.
Vascular Tissue.-Seemed to have but little effect on the vessels;
pulse about ninety, of normal character except more frequent.
Sleep.-Rested well at night, except after taking a large dose, was
then wakeful.
Skin. Of natural temperature, as far as I was able to judge
without the aid of a thermometer; slight perspiration, the color of
which was not unlike that of fresh urine.
Mind. Thoughts rather dormant, unable to concentrate them
upon any subject without much trouble; loss of energy; sober and
depressed in spirits; could be aroused by some excitement of a lively
character; disturbed dreams of a confused character.
Head.-Dull, heavy pains in the mastoid portions of temporal
bone, passing through the head to the opposite side; moved with diffi-
culty; dull, dragging pain in occiput; expanding sensation in frontal
region, over the eyes, causing a blur before the eyes, increased by
stooping; pain in the occiput, extending forwards into the eyes, excite-
ment increases the pain; scalp sore on pressure; pain on combing
the hair; dizzy and elated; vertigo after dinner; shooting pains in
coronary region, also right side of face, from eye to teeth; vertigo in
evening; pain less severe, but worse in the neck and between the shoul-
ders; frontal headache of a dull, aching character on arising in the
morning, especially over the left eye; reading or writing caused dull
pain in forehead, which was increased by stooping; pain in frontal
region, over left eye, of a sharp, shooting character, and would pass
backwards into the neck, also along the muscles to the shoulders
when sitting in a bending posture.
Eyes.-Irritated by strong light, producing a smarting, burning
sensation, with heavy aching pain, dull expression, with inclination to
sleep much in afternoon; concentrating the thoughts on any subject
22
338
NEW REMEDIES.
causes a heavy, dull pain if persisted in; slightly congested at times,
particularly when looking at a strong light, or walking in a bright
sunlight; squinting on exposure to a strong light; severe pains over
left eye, of a tearing, burning character.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.- Cured a case of violent opthalmia in
a young woman of scrofulous habit, chronic enlargement of tonsils.
Eye symptoms were, great intolerance to light, painful congested,
red appearance of sclerotica, watery, and finally pus discharge.
Eryngium aquaticum, 2d dilution, cured after a fair trial with other
remedies." (Dr. R. C. McClelland, Glade Mills, Pa.)
Ears.-Burning, tearing pain, as if they were being torn from
their location.
Throat.-Smarting, burning, pain; raw, smarting pain on left
side, with dry tongue, and a thick yellow mucus ejected from the
mouth, which increased the burning; sensation as if a lump was in
the throat; could not bear the clothing close around the throat.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-These symptoms remind one of Lache-
sis, Hepar sulphur and Kali bichromatum. It ought to prove a useful
remedy in acute and chronic laryngitis, and even some varieties of
croup. Dr. Morgan's case, given below, confirms its value in these
diseases.
Month.-Tongue and fauces very dry, with insipid taste, also a
thick, tenacious, yellowish colored mucus, in the morning on rising.
Appetite.-Not very keen; partially wanting, but able to eat a
generous meal without difficulty; no desire for particular kinds of food.
Stomach. Slight nausea, with drawing, cramping pains; sensa-
tion of heaviness early in the morning; hot, burning pains, also in
the oesophagus on taking the drug; nausea, followed by acid eructa-
tions at noon; heavy, dragging pain, with a feeling of emptiness in
the morning, also during the night; nausea and retching, with inclina-
tion to stool.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Cushing, of Lynn, Mass., reports
the following case: (Was it hæmatemesis?) "Mrs. H., aged forty,
received an injury upon the epigastric region three days before; has
spit blood the last twenty-four hours; it is bright, arterial blood
mixed with black clots; countenance haggard, pulse feeble, tongue
has a thick yellowish-brown coating; severe burning at epigastrium.
Gave Eryngium aquaticum tincture, five drops in half a glass of water,
a teaspoonful every half hour. The arterial blood soon ceased,—the
black clots in a few hours, and the patient soon revived. The burn-
ing lasted several days, for which I gave other remedies."
Abdomen.-Severe pain in the left groin, passing down into the
left testicle, following the course of the spermatic cord, worse during
exercise; severe colic-like pains in small intestines; bowels constipa-
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM.
339
•
+
ted; colic-like pains in bowels; on waking in the morning, sharp,
piercing pain; bowels feel bloated, not visible on inspection, feel
heavy when walking, sore on pressure.
Stools.-Dark leaden color, dry and very hard; tenesmus at
stool, with a sensation of cutting as they pass through the anus.
""
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-Dr. Morgan writes: I have used the
Eryngium in mucous diarrhoea of children with great success.
Urine. Frequent desire to urinate, of a lightish red or amber
color, decreased in quantity, darker at night; passed twenty-six
ounces in twenty-four hours, slightly acid, specific gravity 1016, con-
taining 382,11 grains of solid matter; deposited a white flocculent
sediment upon standing a few hours; frequent desire to void the
urine, which continued dripping for a few moments after each evacua-
tion of the bladder. with slight tingling near the meatus urinarius.
Genital Organs.-Stinging, burning pain in urethra, behind the
glans penis during urination; severe pain in left testicle, worse on
exercise; symptoms more strongly marked in the uretha in the even-
ing; sensation of urine remaining in the uretha, of a burning, smart-
ing nature, but of normal temperature, and not corrosive in character ;
slight burning in urethra before urinating.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. L. S. Morgan says: "In leucor-
rhoea and gonorrhoea it has a specific influence. It certainly does act
on the virile force, suppressing it, as several instances have proved to
my satisfaction of it over excessive eratique priapisme.”
The following cases were reported by Dr, Parks of Cincinnati :*
Case 1. A married man injured his testicles by jumping upon a
horse; this was followed by a discharge of what was considered semen
for fifteen years, during which time he was treated allopathically. Dr.
P—— exhibited a number of the usual remedies without permanent
benefit. He then gave a half grain dose three times a day, of the 3d
decimal trituration of the Eryngium aquaticum. In five days the
emissions were entirely suppressed, and have not returned to this
time (over two years). The emissions were without erections day or
night, and followed by great lassitude.
Case 2. A married man, not conscious of having sustained any
injury, was troubled for eight or ten years with emissions at night,
with erections. The semen also passed by day with the urine. The
loss of semen was followed by great lassitude and depression, contin-
uing from twelve to forty-eight hours. There was also partial impo-
tence. He had been treated allopathically. Dr. P- gave him
Phosphoric acid for two weeks without material benefit. He then
exhibited the Eryngium as above, with like excellent and prompt
result.
* Hill & Hunt's Surgery, vol. 1, page 400.
340
NEW REMEDIES.
Respiratory Organs.-Smarting in larynx and bronchia; slight
dyspnoea, feeling as if the clothing was tight around the larynx and
upper part of the chest; respirations rather shorter than normal;
erratic pains in chest.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. L. S. Morgan writes of its use in
cough, etc. : "There was an epidemic influenza through the southern
part of Erie county, New York, where I then resided. I awoke in
the night with its grapple in my throat, and experienced a set of
symptoms that to me were entirely new in the history of personal
ills. I began with ten drops of the prime tincture to two ounces of
water, taking it in teaspoonful doses at intervals of fifteen and twenty
minutes, until the smarting, aching, and other abnormal sensations.
were relived. There was a manifest influence, but one swallow does
not make a summer,' There must be more evidence of the efficiency
of the remedy. To be brief, I made such clinical provings of the
remedy as to satisfy me of its potency and reliability in laryngeal
irritations and affections of the mucous surfaces generally. In the
short, hacking cough which followed that epidemic in many subjects,
I found it to operate like a charm, In fact, many applications were
made for " more of the cough remedy." I have not been so free
from cough, and slept so quietly o' nights for a long time," was the
expression of many who were subjects of chronic laryngeal affections,
I have used it ever since as one of my most reliable remedies in that
direction,"
"
Neck.-Rheumatic pains in posterior portions; muscles stiff and
sore in the morning.
Back and Shoulders.-Dull pain in lumbar region; feeling of
weakness, with heavy, dragging pain in lumbar regions, increased by
exercise; heavy, cramping pain in the back between the shoulders;
rheumatic pains in the left shoulder.
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS.
(Wahoo.)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is a small shrub or bush, with
smooth branches, and rising from five to ten feet in height, the body
and limbs of a light grayish color, the small limbs purplish. The
leaves are from two to five inches in length, and about half as wide,
opposite on petioles from one-third, to one inch in length, elliptic,
lanceolate, mostly acute at base, finely serrate, pubescent beneath;
peduncles opposite, slender, compressed, from one inch to two and a
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS.
341
half inches in length, and each with a cyme of from three to six
flowers. Flowers dark purple, usually in fives (or in fours, Gray).
Corolla about two and a half lines in diameter, flat and inserted on
the outer margin of a glandular disc. Calyx flat, of four, five or six
united sepals. Stamens five, with short filaments; capsule or pod
smooth, crimson, five angled, five celled, five valved, deeply lobed;
seeds one or two in each cell, inclosed in a red aril.
This indigenous shrub grows from New York to Wisconsin, both
westward and southward, in woods and thickets, and river bottoms,
and flowers in June. In autumn it presents a very beautiful appear-
ance, with its copious crimson fruit, drooping on long peduncles,
whence its name of Burning-bush. It is sometimes called Spindle-
tree and Indian-arrow-wood, but these names, as well as Wahoo and
Burning-bush, are also applied to another species, the E. americanus.
The Euonymus americanus is of a smaller size than the preceed-
ing variety, from three to five feet high, upright or straggling. with
small four angled branches. The bark of this species is darker, and
if cultivated, not so easily taken off the stems. The leaves are oval
and elliptic, lanceolate, almost sessile, thickish, bright green, sub-
entire at the margin, acute or obtuse at apex, smooth, coriaceous,
from one-third of an inch to two inches in length, and about one-third
as wide. Peduncles round, longer than the leaves, and with two,
three or four flowers. Flowers somewhat larger than those of the
preceding variety, yellow and pink, (Wood,) greenish-purple (Gray,)
mostly in fives, rarely in threes. Capsules or pods rough, warty,
depressed, crimson when ripe, the aril scarlet, not so copious as in
the former species. This shrub grows on wooded river banks, from
western New York to Illinois and southward, and is frequently found
with the E. atropurpureus. It is also frequently cultivated in gardens.
as an ornamental shrub. It is sometimes called the Strawberry-tree.
Flowers in June.
Nuttal mentions a variety of the latter, the E. oboraties, trailing,
with rooting branches, leaves obovate-oval, rather pointed or obtuse,
acute and short petioled at bases, thin and dull; flowering stems one
to two feet high. Grows in low and wet places in Ohio, etc.
Pursch has another species, the E. anguetifolius, found in the
woods near Savannah, Ga. The E. europeus is a handsome shrub,
from four to twelve feet high, a native of Europe, but sometimes
found in our gardens as an ornamental shrub-tree.
PHARMACEUTICAL OBSERAVATIONS.-I have made mention of the
different species of Euonymus because the two first mentioned are
indiscriminately used by physicians of the opposite schools of medi-
cine. They consider them of equal importance, and as possessing
similar or identical qualities. As consistent homoeopathists, we can-
not accept such a conclusion. We must use each species alone, and
from indications based upon provings or clinical experience with
each species separately, I have made the E. atropurpureus the officinal
shrub, as being perhaps the most active in its effects. Pharmaceutists
should be careful that the tinctures and other preparations sold by
342
NEW REMEDIES.
them should be prepared from this species, until we have provings of
both. The bark of the shrub and root is the part used in medicine.
It peels off easily, and when dry rolls up, and is sometimes found a
foot in length. It has a bitter and somewhat unpleasant taste. Water
or alcohol extracts its virtues. A so-called active principle is sold
under the name of Euonymin, but it is unreliable.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tinctures and dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-That it was used by the Indians there can be
no doubt. I cannot ascertain the meaning of the name Wahoo, but it
probably has reference either to its medicinal effects, or the appear-
ance of the shrub. The botanic writers do not mention it, nor is it
noticed in any allopathic materia medica. Rafinesque merely says
it is like Sabadilla and Staphysagria in its power of destroying insects.
It has a bad reputation in the country for poisoning cattle which eat
of it.
The Wahoo has been extensively used in domestic practice, and
among herb doctors, for a long time, but it was not until lately that
it has been mentioned in eclectic works.
King says "the bark is tonic, laxative, alterative, diuretic, and
expectorant; in infusion, syrup or extract, it has been successfully-
used in intermittents, dyspepsia, torpid liver, constipation, dropsy,
and pulmonary affections. He says the seeds are cathartic and
emetic. The saturated tincture he advises in doses of one to four
fluid drachms. Scudder makes more extended mention of its alleged
uses. He predicts it is destined, at no distant period, to occupy a
high place in the materia medica of his school. From his own expe-
rience, he believes it to be tonic and laxative,—that it imparts tone
to the stomach, facilitates chylosis, and if there be a torpid state of
the bowels, it promotes their action without inducing their debility.
He has found it useful in those forms of indigestion attended with a
torpid liver and inactivity of the bowels. "In large doses," he says,
"it acts briskly, though mildly, as a cathartic." It is considered by
his colleagues as a powerful alterative and deobstruent, and he is
inclined to the same opinion. In phthisis pulmonalis and chronic
bronchial affections, it has gained the credit of being useful. Scud-
der says "many chronic pulmonary complaints have been cured by
it alone." He thinks its alleged anti-periodic powers to be founded
on reliable experience, and has known it to be curative. Many old
western physicians consider it a very reliable remedy for obstinate
agues, with cachectic condition of the patient, I have observed its
apparent curative effects in some similar cases, but it is so rarely used
alone, that it is difficult to define the actual sphere of its effects.
Coe, who makes the E. americanus the officinal species, loads it
down with fulsome encomiums, as he does all the preparations sold by
Keith & Co. He adds nothing to the observations of Scudder. The
only thing valuable in his article on this medicine is the remark that
the Euonyminin very large doses, proves a drastic cathartic, its ope-
ration being attended with a death-like nausea, excessive tormina,
prostration and cold sweats. The dejections from the bowels are pro-
EUPATORIUM AROMATICUM.
343
fuse, violent, and accompanied with much flatus. From these symp.
toms, however, the patient soon recovers.'
I have heard of several cases of poisoning from over doses of
bitters" made from the Wahoo bark, but in no case were the effects
serious. It forms a principal ingredient in many of the patent medi-
cines sold in the west, for the cure of ague, etc,
I received the following fragmentary proving from a lady, the
wife of a physician: The lady is a very nervous, susceptible subject,
easily affected by small quantities of medicine. She writes: "While
breaking up some of the bark to put into alcohol, I tasted the juice
which adhered to my fingers. I immediately felt a sick, weakening
sensation all through the nervous system; dull, heavy pain through
the front upper portion of the head, together with an enlarged, blur-
red feeling, and I seemed so drawn up from the floor that it seemed
difficult to place my foot down when walking, with sufficient firmness
to stand up; a tipping over sensation when sitting and walking; a
deathly sickness at the stomach, with perspiration and heat in face in
alternation with chills on the back and back part of the arms.
next day some of these feelings remained, but disappeared after
taking vinegar."
The
EUPATORIUM AROMATICUM.
(White Snake-Root.)
ANALOGUES.-Asarum canadensis (?) Baptisia (?) Caulophil-
lum (?) Cimicifuga (?) Coffea (?) Cypripedium (?) Eupatorium
perfoliatum, Hydrastis (?) Scuttellaria (?) Valerian.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is a handsome species of the
genus found in low woods from Massachusetts to Louisiana. The
whole plant is slightly pubescent, about two feet high. Stem rough,
pubescent, corymbous at summit. Leaves petiolate, opposite sub-
cordate, lance-ovate, acute, three-veined, obtusely serrate, smoothish,
two to four inches long and half as wide, on petioles less than an
inch long. Involucre simple, of about twelve lance-linear pubescent
scales. Heads of the flowers large, ten to fifteen; white and aromatic,
in small corymbs. Scales about equal. Blossoms in August and
September.
Gray says that "White Snake-root is the common name for another
species, the E. ageratoides. This vulgar name is given to so many
plants that the collector is not safe in accepting it, but should depend
on the botanical description alone.
Dr. Beach* calls it the E. ageratoides, or "White Sanicle. "It
* Materia Medica, page 245.
314
NEW REMEDIES.
has a white fibrous root, which is the only part used in medicine; for
this purpose it should be collected in September or October. The
root has a somewhat bitter taste, an aromatic and pleasant odor, and
when it grows on dry ground has the appearance of being mildewed.”
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Rafinesque mentions it as the E. urticifolium,
(Michaux), and says it is exceeding common in the Northern States,
and goes by the common uame of " Dearwort Boneset," because it is
eaten by deer. He does not credit it with any medicinal virtues.
Howard says it is a warm, stimulating tonic, producing in the mouth
when chewed, a warm, aromatic, pungent sensation. Its usefulness
in gravel we learned from Ira Finch, Esq., but the first knowledge
which we obtained of its medicinal virtues was derived from the
Indians, who use it as a cure for ague."
"
Dr. Beach says it is diaphoretic, anti-spasmodic and nervine, and
possesses expectorant virtues of considerable value. "It operates on
the lungs with decided efficacy, promoting the freedom of expectora-
tion and breathing, and at the same time produces, when given in a
suitable form and to a sufficient extent, a gentle perspiration, calming
the irritability of the nervous system, and will be found well adapted
to the treatment of pleurisies, inflammation of the lungs, and most of
the diseases attended with convulsions and nervous irritation."
Scudder attributes to this species about the same qualities. "It
is esteemed a valuable nervine and anti-spasmodic, and one peculiarly
adapted to many cases of debility and irritability of the nervous sys-
tem, such as hysteria or hysterical affections, chorea, tremors, convul-
sions or spasmodic diseases, subsultus tendinum, restlessness and
morbid watchfulness. As an expectorant and diaphoretic we place a
high estimate upon its value in pleurisy, peri-pneumonia, peri-pneu-
monia notha, etc. It is mild and unirritating, and well calculated to
allay nervous irritation, promote gentle diaphoresis and expectoration."
In eclectic practice the infusion is used, one ounce to one pint of boil-
ing water, dose one to four ounces.
The first mention of the plant in homoeopathic litnrature was by
Dr. B. L. Hill * who recommended it as a specific for "apthous stom-
atitis in females and children." He gave no pathogenesis, or any
reason for this bald dictum. Some homoeopathists have used it
"according to Hill's directions," and claim to have obtained good
results.
Dr. Wm. Huntington says: My use of Eupatorium aromati-
cum is quite limited. I have derived considerable benefit from its
use in alternation with Hydrastis canadensis, in nursing sore mouth.
It acts as a palliative only. I have also used it with good results in
apthous affections of the mouth and throat closely resembling nursing
sore mouth, but the most benefit that I have ever derived from its use
has been in those cases of burning at the stomach so often met with
in pregnant females for a few weeks previous to confinement. In such
cases it seldom fails to give very marked relief."
† Botanic Medicine, page 246.
+ Mat. Med., p. 796.
*Epitome of Practice.
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
345
Dr. Smith Rogers has found the Eupatorium aromaticum effectual
in curing apthæ and nursing sore mouth without giving any other
drug in connection with it. Dr. Lodge states that many other physi-
cians have made similar reports.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tinctures of the root, dilutions and
triturations.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS:-The testimony of eclectic writers seems
to be quite uniform in relation to the action of this plant.
In the absence of any pathogenesis we may venture to suggest
that it can be deduced, from its effects in the hands of eclectic practi-
tioners, that this specics of Eupatorium effects the motor system of
nerves, and the bronchial mucous membrane. As before stated, its
only homoeopathic use has been in affections of the mucous membrane
of the mouth.
When provings are obtained from the internal use of this medi-
cine, we may find it to be useful in the same affections which have
been mentioned above. It is evidently a remedy adapted, like Cham-
omilla, Coffea and Scutellaria, to the diseases of women and children.
It may prove indicated in those aberrations of the nervous system
which occur during the progress of lung affections, or are connected
with coughs and catarrhal attacks. In pneumonia, bronchitis and
catarrh occuring in infants, the physician is often called upon to palli-
ate nervous symptoms which seem to be common accompaniments.
In such cases the Eupatorium aromaticum may be used with good
results. It may prove useful in hooping-cough, infantile asthma, and
with annoying nervous irritation. Nearly all the Eupatoriacea are
useful in urinary affections. This species is no exception. In some
of the vesical irritations of children and women it may be found an
excellent remedy. It is probable that the diseases above named are
similar to the secondary effects of the medicine. Accordingly, in
similar conditions, the lower dilutions, or tincture, will be found most
useful.
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
(Boneset.)
ANALOGUES.—Arnica, Baptisia, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Ipccac,
Mercurius, Podophyllum, Phytolacca, Tartar emetic.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Root perennial, horizontal, crooked,
with scanty fibers, and sending up many stems, which are upright,
simple at the base, branched above in a tricotoma (three-forked) form,
forming a depressed corymb, and are from two to five feet high, round,
covered with flexous hairs. Leaves opposite perfoliate, connate, oblong,
tapering, acute, serrate, rough above, tomentose beneath, heads about
346
NEW REMEDIES.
ten flowered. The inflorescence in a dense depressed terminal corymb,
formed by smaller partigate corymbs, peduncles hairy, as well as the
perianth or common calyx. Scales lanceolate, acute, florets tubulose,
white, five black anthers united into a tube. Seeds black, prismatic,
oblong, base acute, pappus with scabrous hairs. The upper leaves
are often sessile; not united. The whole plant has a grayish-green
color. I have seen some specimens growing in its usual habitat, the
foliage and stems of which were a brick-red color, with occasional
scarlet colored leaves.
Wood mentions twenty-three species of this genus. The E. per-
foliatum appears to be the most abundant of all. It is found all over
the American continent. from the arctic regions to the Gulf of Mexico,
and grows in great profusion in swamps, wet meadows, near streams,
flowering from August to October. The whole plant is intensely bit-
ter, having a peculiar flavor, but without astringency or acrimony. It
possesses but little odor. It yields its sensible and medicinal quali-
ties to water and alcohol. It has been analysed by several chemists,
and found to contain ninety per cent. of organic and nine per cent. of
inorganic matter; a bitter principle, acetate of lime, and a substance
which is named Eupatorine, which is supposed to be an alkaloid.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.—Tinctures of the whole plant, dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This indigenous plant is one of the oldest in
use in this country. It was the panacea among the aborigines for
agues, bilious fevers, and nearly all the febrile and miasmatic diseases
of this country. It was very early introduced into allopathic prac-
tice, and mentioned in all medical works especially by Anderson, Lau-
rience, Eberle, Rafinesque, Drake, Wood and Stille. As early as 1803 it
was a popular remedy in domestic and medical practice as a remedy
for intermittents, and was recommended in yellow fever by Stephens
and Hosack.
Various writers of the old school deem it to be tonic, sudorific,
alterative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, emetic, purgative, febri-
fuge, astringent, stimulant, etc. All this verbiage simply implies
that it is a polycrest, and influences in a general manner the whole
organism.
Rafinesque says: "It appears to be superior to Anthemis nobilis,
or Chamomile, as a sudorific-tonic, and preferable to Bark in the
treatment of local autumnal fevers of the country, near streams, lakes
and marshes. I have seen them cured efficiently by it when other
tonics failed. It acts somewhat like Antimony, without the danger
attending the use of that mineral." He says it has cured intermit-
tent and remittent fevers, petechial or spotted fever, general debility,
ascites, anasarca, anorexia, debility from intemperance, acute and
chronic rheumatism, bilious and typhus fevers, especially low typhus
incident to marshy places, and attended with hot, dry skin; influenza,
lake fever, similar to yellow fever, ringworms, gout, tinea capita,
syphilitic pains, dyspepsia."
*
*
*
*
*
This plant was introduced into homoeopathic practice by Drs.
Jaines, Neidhard, Williamson, and others, who published the provings
and clinical observations in the "Transactions of the American Insti-
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
347
tute of Homœopathy," vol. 1, 1847. No proving has appeared since
that time, but the clinical experience with the medicine has been
quite extensive. The following is the pathogenesis, arranged according
to Hahnemann's scheme:
Generalities.-Prof. Carroll Dunham, in some Observations on
Eupatorium* gives the characteristic symptoms of the medicine
very accurately, and remarks that "the symptoms of the gastro-
hepatic region, and the character and aggravations of the pains in the
body and extremities very closely resemble Bryonia. But a broad
distinction at once appeers when we consider the perspiration, which
under Bryonia is profuse and easily provoked, while under Eupato-
rium is scanty or absent. Again, the Eupatorium makes the patient
very restless, those of Bryonia make him keep very still. Rhus toxi-
codendron produces pains and aching in the limbs, but these pains
are worse during repose, and they keep the patient restless, con-
stantly changing his position, whereas those of Eupatorium are not
aggravated by repose."
The above remarks I can agree with, with one exception. I
do not consider "scanty or absent sweat" the characteristic of Eupa-
torium fever. The primary effect of large doses of Boneset is to
cause copious perspiration, with nausea and vomiting. It was found
curative in the fever which occurred in Pennsylvania fifty years ago,
and known as "break-bone fever," and copious perspiration accom-
panied the intense pains in the extremities. I have used it success-
fully in agues, in which the pains did not abate with the occurrence
of the sweat. Secondarily, the fever caused by Eupatorium is not
accompanied by perspiration, but has a tendency to be continuous.
Dr. Dunham agrees with me in the latter, but forgets the primary
effect of the medicine. He thinks it strongly indicated in bilious
fever, and it certainly is if symptoms mean anything. The country
people often arrest such fevers with a cup of boneset-tea as readily as
we can with our carefully prepared medicines.
Dr. Dunham says;
"Its great action is upon the muscular sys-
tem (or fibrous tissues) producing great soreness and aching, and upon
the gastro-hepatic system, producing a condition resembling what is
known as a bilious state." It is a curious confirmation of Teste's
theory, that the Eupatorium perfoliatum is found most useful in those
fevers and bilious conditions occurring in persons who reside near the
habitat of this plant. This was noticed by Rafinesque, who had a
rare talent in collecting similar facts.
* American Hom. Review. vol. 5, page 228.
348
NEW REMEDIES.
Prof. Lee gives his testimony in favor of its successful use in
intermittents, but doubts its asserted anti-periodic power. It was in
general use among the aborigines of this country, on its first discov-
ery, as a remedy for intermittent fever, and was accordingly adopted
by the whites for the same disease. "Whether it proved successful
or not depended very much on its mode of administration. Sometimes
it would arrest the disease, if freely given in warm decoction just
before the expected recurrence of the paroxysm, proving emetic, or
emeto-cathartic, and in other cases it would prove successful if given
in cold decoction, or the powdered plant, at frequent intervals between
the paroxysms; but in a majority of cases it failed to subdue the dis-
ease.” (because it was not homoeopathic to a majority of the cases,
any more than is quinine or any other medicine). Prof. Lee says:
"With regard to the use of this plant in influenza, whether sporadic
or epidemic, we have proved it possessing great efficacy-relieving
the pain in the back and limbs, as well as the general lassitude, with
great promptness; for although in this disease the skin is often
bathed in perspiration, yet it is of a morbid character-the surface
being pale, and morbidly sensitive, and the excretion of a passive
kind. When the secretions are of this morbid nature, and the pul-
monary system is involved, the Boneset has proved in our hands a
most valuable remedy, inducing a healthy and free perspiratory dis-
charge, and replacing the chilly or febrile sensations with a uniform
or healthy glow." (Yet the Eupatorium, in large doses, will cause
the same unhealthy perspiration aud state of the skin which Dr. Lee
mentions, so that he uses it homoeopathically, after all.) "As it has
but slight influence in augmenting the action of the heart and arteries,
may be employed with advantage in almost every variety of inflam-
matory action.” In the atonic forms of dyspepsia and general de-
bility it is relied on by many practitioners as an efficient remedy. In
that form of indigestion consequent on the use of alcoholic drinks, it
has proved highly beneficial, as well as in that of old people." "Its
efficacy in certain forms of dropsy has been dwelt upon by some wri-
ters. Dr. Thatcher, who has tried it extensively in various diseases,
says that in anasarcous swellings of the extremities, depending on
general debility, it may be safely recommended as an excellent tonic."
Dr. Zollickoffer thinks it possesses medicinal virtues which are
admirably adapted to a variety of affections, and that in conjunction
with Sup. tart. potassa, it is one of the most valuable remedies in
tinea capitis.
it
DOSE.-In old school practice, the concentrated tincture or fluid
extract is given in doses of one to four drachms. The Eupatorine in
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
349
doses of two or three grains. The infusion (one ounce to one pint of
boiling water) in doses of two to six ounces, the latter dose causing
emesis and catharsis. In homoeopathic practice, it has been used
successfully in agues, in drop doses of the first dilution; also in ten-
drop doses of the tincture; and teaspoonful doses of a cold infusion
(vide Trans. Amer. Ins. of Hom.).
Fever.-Chilliness through the night, and in the morning, with
nausea from the least motion; aching pain and soreness, as if from
having been beaten in the calves of the legs, small of the back, and
in the arms, above and below the elbows; nausea as the chill goes
off; aching in the bones of the extremities, with soreness of the flesh;
chilliness, with excessive trembling and nausea; chilliness in the
morning, heat through the rest of the day, but no perspiration, The
patient feels worse in the morning of one day, and in the afternoon
of the next day. Nocturnal sweat, with chilliness, from motion, or
removal of the covering. A greater amount of shivering during the
chill than is warranted by the degree of coldness. Retching and
vomiting of bile; vomiting after every draught; trembling in the
back during fever; thirst several hours before the chill; chilliness
from motion; pungent heat attending the perspiration at night; alter-
nate chilliness and flashes of heat.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Eupatorium is recommended by
Drs. Jaines, Neidhard, Gray, Williamson and Douglas, in intermit-
tent fevers, quotidian, tertian, and quartan. The general and specific
indications for its use are said to be: (a.) The paroxysm generally
commences in the morning. Thirst several hours after the chill—
which continues during the chill and heat. It has proved curative
when the symptoms have been chill at seven o'clock in the morning,
preceded by thirst, and attended with moisture of the hands; vomit-
ing at the conclusion of the chill; chill in the morning; heat during
the rest of the day; slight perspiration in the evening; heavy chill
early in the morning of one day, and a light chill about noon the next
day, and so on successively; chill preceded by pain above the right
ilium, with thirst and disposition to yawn; pain in the bones early in
the morning before the paroxysm; the chill is induced or hastened
by taking a drink of water; headache, backache and thirst during
the chill; coldness, with a great deal of trembling, attended with
nausea; coldness and stinging and pricking, as from pins, in both
feet, at the commencement of the chill; aching in the bones of the
extremities, in the latter part of the chill and in the beginning of the
heat; stiffness of the fingers during the chill; aching pain, with
moaning throughout the chill (b.) Throbbing headache during the
chill and heat; violent pain in head and back before the chill; dis-
tressing pain through the scrobiculus cordis throughout the day;
chill and heat; flushed face and dry, hot skin during the fever;
fever, accompanied with sleep and moaning, and followed by slight
350
NEW REMEDIES.
perspiration; nausea and sickness at the stomach at the commence-
ment of the heat, with violent throbbing headache; headache and
trembling during the heat; fever in the forenoon, preceded by thirst
early in the morning, but no chill; attended by fatiguing cough, and
not followed by perspiration; great weakness and prostration during
the fever, with faintness from motion; the patient cannot raise his
head from the pillow while the fever lasts; the heat goes off with
moderate perspiration, during sleep in the evening; the thirst con-
tinues during the chill and heat, with vomiting after each draught of
water; vomiting of bile at the close of the hot stage; nocturnal per-
spiration, with coldness; fever, with despondency of mind, morbid
sensitiveness of the skin and sleeplessness. (c.) Loose cough in the
intermission; cough in the night, previous to the paroxysm; thirst
throughout the night, before the paroxysm, (in tertian ague).
I have for many years applied the Eupatorium, in cases of inter-
mittent fever, when there was little or no sweat, at any time during
the disease; and consequently in those forms closely verging upon
the remittent type."-(Dr. Gray).
The above clinical symptoms I select from the proving published
in "Trans. of American Institute of Homœopathy." They are
there marked with an *, and are the result of the clinical experience
with the remedy, contributed by Drs. Neidhard, Williamson and
others. The cases from which they were taken I give in full :—
Cases of Intermittent.-Dr. Neidhard has observed the most
decided effects from the Eupatorium perfoliatum in the treatment of
certain cases of intermittent fevers, in two of which the following
symptoms were present: Violent thirst before the chill, and slight
during it; nausea and sickness of the stomach, (in one case vomiting,)
at the commencement of the heat, with violent throbbing headache;
tastelessness of food; want of appetite; tongue coated yellow; the
chills set in in the morning and lasted for one or two hours; heat
during the rest of the day, and slight perspiration in the evening.
Type certain. In one case the sulphate of quinine had been admin-
istered without preventing the recurrence of the paroxysms.
Dr. Williamson has exhibited it successfully in various cases of
fever.
Case 1st. The chill generally began at nine o'clock in the morn-
ing, and lasted four hours from the time when they commenced, and
continued about seven hours, and was seldom followed by perspiration.
The next day there was a lighter paroxysm, which usually commenced
about twelve o'clock and ceased about the same time in the evening,
as the heavier on the day preceding. The paroxysms continued to
occur thus alternately with but little variation for the space of twen-
ty-three days, notwithstanding my unceasing efforts to arrest them
by the administration of a number of remedies. On the 12th of
December the following symptoms were present: Chill commenced
at nine o'clock in the morning, and lasted four hours, attended with
a good deal of shivering and trembling; raging thirst before the
chill and during the chill, and heat; vomiting of whatever was taken
nto the stomach, and of bile, with distressing pain in the epigas-
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
351
trium; distressing headache during the heat; fever ceased about
eight o'clock in the evening, and was followed by inconsiderable per-
spiration. Eupatorium perfoliatum first, in water, a teaspoonful every
hour, in apyrexia, cured the case without the occurrence of another
paroxysm.
Cuse 2d: Bilious diathesis; tertian ague; chill at nine o'clock
in the morning, which lasted an hour and a half; thirst in the night
before the chill; raging thirst during the chill and heat; violent
headache throughout the paroxysm; some perspiration. retching and
vomiting during the chill, immediately after drinking; vomiting
of bile. Eupatorium perfoliatum first, five drops in as many tea-
spoonfuls of water, of which she took a teaspoonful every two hours
on the alternate day. Early on the morning of the expected chill,
Eupatorium perfoliatum, tincture four drops in eight teaspoonfuls of
water, a teaspoonful every hour. The paroxysm did not return.
patient had been subject to frequent attacks of intermittent fever for
several years, and had always suppressed them with sulphate of qui-
nine, but since the above attack, now a period of four years, she had
no return of the disease.
This
Case 3d: A girl of fourteen years of age; tertian intermittent
fever; thirst before the chill; became stretchy and looked pale at
nine o'clock in the morning; felt cold and chilly, but did not shake;
walked about the house crouched up; was very thirsty during the
chill and heat, but took only a little sup of water at a time; headache
and trembling during the heat; the coldness lasted one hour, and the
heat about two hours, followed by very little perspiration. Eupato-
rium perfoliatum tincture, a few drops in water. Dose, a teaspoon-
ful every three hours.
Case 4th: At eight o'clock in the morning was attacked with
pain above the right ilium; thirst and a disposition to yawn; fingers
became stiff, with slight coldness; upon taking a drink of water
shuddering commenced immediately; chill lasted two hours and a
half; headache, backache, and thirst during the chill; nausea as the
chill was going off; the headache was increased, but the thirst dimin-
ished during the heat; sensation of great weakness during the fever,
so much so that she could not raise her head from the pillow; trem-
bling in the back, with faintness from motion during the fever; the
fever terminated by moderate perspiration during sleep in the evening.
She felt pain in her boncs early in the morning before the attack.
Eupatorium perfoliatum, tincture in water, a teaspoonful every three
hours.
Case 5th Tertian ague for two weeks, sickly, sallow countenance;
chill at eight o'clock in the morning; thirst throughout the night
previous to chill; thirst during chill and heat, and vomiting immedi-
ately after each draught of water; vomiting of bile at the close of
the hot stage, which was followed by inconsiderable perspiration.
Eupatorium perfoliatum, tincture in water, a teaspoonful every three
hours. No more chills.
"Nearly half a century ago, there prevailed throughout the United
States, but particularly in the State of Pennsylvania, a peculiar epi.
352
NEW REMEDIES.
demic, which, from the constancy of the attending symptom of 'pain
in the bones,' was called break-bone fever. The Eupatorium perfoli-
atum, though a diaphoretic, so signally relieved the disease, notwith-
standing copious perspiration was a frequent attendant, that it was
familiarly called bone-set, a common name by which it is extensively
known." "In all cases of typhoid disease, attended with hot. dry
skin, it is reported to be an estimable medicine." "It was used with
great success in an epidemic of influenza and lake-fever, which
prevailed a few years ago in the neighborhood of Lake Ontario." "In
miasmatic districts, along rivers, at fisheries, on marshes and their
several neighborhoods, where intermittent and remittent fevers have
prevailed epidemically, the Eupatorium has been a favorite remedy
with the most successful practitioners, as well as a deservedly popular
one in the hands of the people, very often superseding the necessity
of calling in medical aid. In 1812, it was substituted for Peruvian
bark, in the treatment of intermittent fevers, in the New York Alms
House, and with uniform success." Dr. Williamson recommends it
in gastric fevers, remittent fevers of typhoid character, bilious fever,
etc. It is highly recommended as a prophylactic against agues.
Spotted Fever.-Rafinesque speaks of its successful use in the so-
called "spotted fever," of 1820, now termed cerebro-spinal fever. It
has been used by some homoeopathic physicians in the same fever,
within a few years.
Dr. L. Pratt, in 1864,* mentions the case of a little girl attacked
with this fever. She had the usual symptoms. "Her head was
drawn spasmodically backward. Eupatorium was given in large and
frequent doses; perspiration and recovery followed." Dr. L. C.
Belding stated that he had found the remedy curative in several cases
of "spotted fever," especially when the severe aching and soreness of
the limbs was present. Dose, one dram of the tincture in hot water
every hour. Dr. Small attended a case of this fever, under my
observation, in 1865, at the Tremont House, Chicago. In this case
the severe pains and soreness were attended by copious perspiration
which gave no relief. In this case Eupatorium, ten drops every
half hour, proved curative.
The provings do not give us the petechial spots characteristic of
the disease, but a long continued use of large doses of the medicine
may be capable of, causing them. If the theory of the spinal location
of the disease is correct, Eupatorium perfoliatum ought to affect the
spinal cord to prove curative.
Dr. Dunhamn, of New York, reports the following cures of fever
with this medicine:+
R. D., a stout mechanic, thirty-five years old, of dark complexion,
went into an ice-house one very warm morning in August, to get a
piece of ice. Charmed with the coolness of the place, he foolishly
remained there for a quarter-hour or longer. Suddenly he felt chills
creeping over him and became quite faint. He left the ice house as
quickly as he could, and went home. In an hour he had an exceed-
*Transactions 111. Hom. Med. Association, page 17.
Í American Homeopathic Review, Vol. VI, page 231.
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
353
ingly severe chill, lasting several hours. This was followed by burn-
ing fever, which continued without abatement until the following
morning, when it gave place to a severe chill. As this chill was
passing away, I first saw the patient. He had already become hot
externally; his face was of a dull, red color; the eyes glistened,
and the sclerotica were yellowish red. The tongue had a thick, yel-
lowish fur; there was intense headache in the occiput, an insupporta-
ble heaviness. Nausea and frequent effort to vomit, extreme tenderness
in the epigastrium, fullness and tenderness in the hepatic region,
with stitches and soreness on moving or coughing; intolerable aching.
in the back and limbs, "as if the bones were broken." Urine scanty
and of a dark, mahogany color; a hard, dry cough and some dyspnoea.
The patient, although in so great pain, lay quiet. I had no Eupato-
rium, but there was a swamp near the house, and I soon found the
plant. From the juice pressed from a few leaves, I prepared with
water the third attenuation, and directed it to be taken in drop doses,
every three hours until marked improvement was observed. In about
ten hours the fever was gone. The chill and fever never recurred,
and next day the patient was free from pain. On the third day I
found him convalescent.
H. Heiser, blacksmith, aged 40 years, of bilious temper-
ament; has suffered from ague for the last three years. Five
weeks the
the longest he escaped an attack during the last
three years.
Has taken immense quantities of patent ague medi-
cines, Quinine, Fowler's Solution, &c. According to his philosophy,
small doses can have no effect on a man weighing 250 pounds. Every
other morning has a severe chill, (no fever) accompanied with vomit-
ing and purging of large quantities of greenish watery fluid; cramps.
of lower extremities and insatiable thirst.
October 17th. Prescribed Ipec. and Nux v. 3d, to be taken in
alternation every two to three hours.
October 19th. Felt comfortable yesterday, as usual; this morning
has another chill and vomiting of a greenish liquid, several quarts at
a time; frequent stools, green and watery; cramps and terrible
thirst; face sunken, like that of a cholera patient. Eupatorium perf.
1st potency, six drops to half tumbler of water, a tablespoonful after
each attack of vomiting or purging. After first spoonful vomiting
ceased. Prescribed Eupatorium perf. 1st, in drop doses every two
hours during the intermission.
October 19th. No return of chill, vomiting or diarrhoea. Con-
tinue Eupatorium perf., night and morning, for seven days. No more
medicine was given. Continues in good health to this day.
Prof. C. Neidhard reports the following cases for the present
edition : After Eupatorium perfoliatum third decimal, T. L.
had one more attack and then no more. History and symptoms:
Had the chills at Harrisburg, Pa., for three months, after which
he was five weeks free from fever. Quinine in ordinary allopathic
doses removed the chills, but they returned. In January last
felt for three or four days an aching and weakness in the bones, thirst
before chills, which always issue in at noon. The last attack had
23
354
NEW REMEDIES.
been receding to 7 A. M., with the following symptoms: The chill
lasted two hours, followed by heat and perspiration, with headache.
As the chill went off nausea and weakness of the stomach; no thirst
during the fever. After Eupatorium 3. he had a most violent chill
at 6 A. M., then no more as mentioned above.
2d Case.-Creeping chills all day, mostly in the back, hands
and feet, like ice, but slightly all over the body; thirst in the fore-
noon; constipation of the bowels, great prostration of strength, there
was headache during the fever, afterwards fever without any perspi-
ration. Natrum mur. tincture, drop doses, produced violent perspiration.
without stopping the chills. Arsen. cured the prostration of strength,
pain and rigors in chest; Eupatorium per., 20 drops in a tumblerful
of water, a teaspoonful twice a day, cured.
3d Case,-A homeopathic physician, from this county, wrote to
me as follows: "I have been attending George, (a little boy, æt 8,)
for the past two weeks, for an irregular intermittent, with very little
success. I have given Aconite, Arsenicum, Natrum muriat, China,
with very little advantage. Sometimes he has the chills every day,
again every other day, and sometimes every third day. The chil
also occurs at different periods of the day; you hardly know when
to expect it." The patient brought the note himself with his father.
Picture of the disease; violent shaking chill at 91 A. M., for one hour
and a half, after which heat one hour, followed by slight perspiration.
The second paroxysm took place the same day at 12 o'clock, noon,
thus forming a double quotidian consisting of a chill with heat, fol-
lowed by profuse perspiration for two or three hours. Thirst during
the whole time except the last perspiration. He also picks his nose,
and is stiff in his limbs. Eupatorium per., in strong doses soon per-
manently cured the little boy. A few doses of quinine confirmed the
cnre. Small doses had no effect on this boy.
4th Case-Symptoms: Slight chills with cold feet; dry skin
and no perspiration; aching in the forehead; occasionally some per-
spiration in the morning, also beat on the top of the head with buz-
zing in the ears. Breath smells mouldy and sourish; oppression in
the middle of the chest, with cough, causing pain in the spine; ach-
ing in the lower part of the back. Eupatorium per., tincture in water,
cured. The chest symptoms which were only relieved by Eupatorium
per., were finally cured by Sepia 6.
5th Case-Every afternoon, at 4 o'clock, chills and fever charac-
terized by red cheeks on both sides. Before the fever commences,
at 3 P. M., thirst. The skin remains dry, the tongue is coated yellow,
and bilious discharges from the bowels. Eupatorium per., in water,
cured this case soon.
6th Case-Another case characterized by chills, followed by fever
with slight perspiration and thirst; was also cured by Eupatorium
per., in water.
Sleep. Dr. Neidhard says: "Four doses of Eupatorium taken
within twenty-four hours produced profound sleep at 12 o'clock, noon,
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
355
for several hours.
During his sleep the prover could hear every-
thing, but could not speak.'
>>
Head.-Headache, with a sensation of soreness internally, better
in the house; aggravated when first going into the open air; relieved
by conversation; pain extending from the forehead to the occiput,
greatest in the left side; throbbing headache; beating pain in the
nape and occiput, better after rising; darting pains through the tem-
ples, with sensation of blood rushing across the head; distress on the
top and in the back part of the head; shooting pains from left to right
side of the head; painful soreness in the right parietal protuberance;
heat on the top of the head, with pain, which is relieved by pressure;
thumping in the side of the head, above the right ear; soreness and
beating in the back part of the head.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Besides those symptoms which are
italicised above, the Eupatorium has cured certain forms of periodical
headache, namely: "A headache with nausea, every other morning
when first awaking, which continues all day, with loss of appetite
during the day, but good appetite during the intervening day."´ Nux
vomica will cure such headaches when they occur every day. Eupa-
torium has also cured a "pain in the occiput after lying, with sensa-
tion of great weight in the part, requiring the hands to lift it." This
kind of headache is common with ague patients.
Eyes.-Soreness of the eyeballs; intolerance of light; redness of
the margin of the lids, with glutinous secretion from the meibomian
glands; increased lachrymation; pain and soreness in the left
eyeball.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Soreness of the eyeballs is one of the
most common and permanent symptoms of ague, and usually precedes
an attack several days; this symptom would be a good indication for
the selection of this medicine.
Face. Sickly, sallow countenance; flushed face; redness of the
cheeks, with dry skin; pale face.
Mouth.-Paleness of the mucous membrane of the mouth; tongue
coated yellow; white coated tongue; sores in the corners of the
mouth; dryness of the throat; soreness of the fauces with catarrh.
Appetite.-Insipid taste in the mouth; tastelessness of food;
want of appetite; distaste of food; nocturnal thirst for something
cold; thirst for cold water; desire for ice-cream; great appetite.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-When Eupatorium is taken in small
doses in a few days, the appetite is first increased; a still further
continuance gives rise to unnatural hunger, accompanied by disorders
of digestion, and finally to complete loss of appetite, and loss of taste
for food. This remedy is homoeopathic to the canine hunger which
attends or precedes ague; also, when arising from abuse of quinine.
356
NEW REMEDIES.
It is also indicated, (secondarily,) in the loss of appetite and indiges-
tion from the same causes. It will be found useful in many forms of
dyspepsia, anorexia of drunkards, loss of appetite, etc. (See general
effects.)
Stomach.-Belching of tasteless wind, with a feeling of obstruc-
tion at the pit of the stomach; sensation of something in the stomach
that ought to come up, without the ability to raise it. General shud-
dering proceeding from the stomach; sensation of fullness in the
stomach; beating in the epigastrium-in the night; heat in the
stomach; nausea; nausea and vomiting of food; vomiting of bile;
vomiting of mucus and bile; vomiting of bile, with trembling,
attended with pain in the epigastrium, with nausea and extreme
prostration, almost syncope; distressing disposition to vomiting;
nausea and vomiting with free perspiration and expectoration; qualm-
ishness from odors, the smell of food, cooking, etc.
Its
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-When a warm infusion or decoction of
this plant is administered, it invariably causes profuse and long-con-
tinued vomiting, nearly always of bile. Hence its reputation as a
domestic remedy for bilious affections and fevers of that type.
use is resorted to with a great deal of confidence in the forming stages
of a bilious fever, and it seems to have the power of arresting the
attack. It is eminently homoeopathic to vomiting of bile, of food, and
even of drink, as soon as taken.
Liver.--Soreness around the waist; tight clothing is oppressive.
Soreness and fullness in the region of the liver; tightness in the left
hypochondrium.
Intestinal-Purging stools, with smarting and heat in the anus.
Four or five watery stools in the day; tenesmus, with small discharge
of loose stool; morning diarrhoea; constipation.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-While the warm infusion causes vomiting
only, the same preparation when taken cold acts as an active cathartic,
causing profuse, bilious, watery stools, with nausea and severe colic,
prostration and relaxation. Catharsis is a primary effect of Eupato-
rium; constipation the remote, secondary.
Urinary Organs.-Urine scanty and high colored; copious evac-
uation of limpid urine; dark, brown, scanty urine, depositing a whit-
ish, clay-like sediment, voided but once in twenty-four hours. Dark
colored, but clear urine; itching of the mons veneris.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems homoeopathic to the dark
colored urine met with in bilious disorders; also the watery urine
observe daring intermittents. It is said to have been very success-
ful in the treatment of a peculiar herpetic eruption, affecting the anus
and adjacent parts, as the scrotum and thighs, and also extending its
ravages to the rectum.
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM.
357
Catarrhal Symptoms.-Flowing coryza; sneezing; hoarseness,
with roughness in the voice; hacking cough in the evening; cough,
with soreness and heat in the bronchia; cough aggravated in the
evening.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Eupatorium per. has an extensive
reputation in colds, influenza, and catarrhal fevers. In domestic
practice it is usually given in small doses of the warm infusion, and
produces copious sweating. Some physicians consider it almost spe-
cific in colds, etc. In homoeopathic practice it has cured, in small
doses: "Hectic cough from suppressed intermittent fever; nocturnal
loose cough; hoarse, rough cough with scraping in the bronchia; vio-
lent cough with soreness in the chest; cough with flushed face and
tearful eyes-the patient supports the chest with the hands; cough
preceding measles; cough following measles; disposition to cough
with dyspnoea." The above are quite prominent symptoms, and show
this remedy to have a specific action upon the bronchial mucous
membrane. In eclectic practice it is highly esteemed as a "cough
remedy." Its effect on the respiratory tract seems somewhat analo-
gous to Phosphorus, Tartar emetic and Causticum. It has been found
useful in epidemic influenza. (See General Effects.)
Chest.-Difficulty of breathing, attended with anxious counten-
ance, perspiration and sleepiness; painful irritation of the pulmon-
ary organs, with heat in the chest; aching pain under the left breast;
inability to lie on the left side; soreness in the chest from taking a
full inspiration; grating sensation in the chest at every deep inspi-
ration.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-It has been used successfully in asthma,
bronchitis and even pneumonia. It has given relief in a case when
the "dyspnoea was very great, obliging the patient to lie with his head
and shoulders very high," also the two symptoms italicized.
Back.-Weakness in the small of the back; deep-seated pain in
the loins, with soreness from motion; pain in the back as from a
bruise; beating pain in the nape of the neck; pain in the back and
lower extremities.
Upper Extremities.-Soreness and aching in the arms and fore-
arms; stiffness of the arms; painful soreness in both wrists, as if
broken or dislocated; stiffness of the fingers, with obtuseness of the
sense of touch; heat in the palms of the hands, sometimes with
moisture.
Lower Extremities.-Pain in a spot not larger than a pea, over
the left hip, with soreness; pain, with extreme sensitiveness in the
left glutei muscles, passing around in front of the trochanter major;
burning in the skin on the inner side of the thighs of a female; flag-
ging of the muscles of the left thigh as if they were falling off the
358
NEW REMEDIES.
bone. The pains are worse from ten o'clock, A. M., until four o'clock,
P, M. Pain and soreness of the upper part of the left foot, with in-
creased sensibility of the left big toe; the pain in the foot is increased
by standing on it. Stiffness and general soreness of the lower ex-
tremities when rising to walk; calves of the legs feel as though they
had been beaten; soreness and swelling of both feet, when standing
on them, in a gouty subject; pain in the first joint of the left great
toe, which suddenly moves to the corresponding joint of the right
one; pricking in the soles of the feet; aching pain in the right hip,
while sitting; lameness in the right hip and lower extremity, when
walking; soreness and aching of the lower limbs; throbbing in the
right foot; rheumatic pains on the inside of the left knee; dropsical
swelling of both feet and ankles; heat in the feet in the morning.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Williamson considers it indicated
in rheumatic affections, accompanied by perspiration and soreness of
the bones also in gouty affections. It is said to have cured "gouty
inflamation of the left knee and right elbow." "Dropsical swelling
of both feet and ankles," also symptoms recorded above.
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM.
(Queen of the Meadow.)
ANALOGUES.—Apocynum cannabin, Asclepias syriaca, Cannabis
sativa, Copaiva, Chimaphila, Eryngium, Erigeron, Galium,
Mitchella, Senecio aureus.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-A perennial, herbaceous plant. Stem
stout, solid, green, or sometimes purplish, with a purple band at the
joints about one inch wide; from three to six feet high; leaves feather
veined in whorls of 3s, 4s and 5s, (rarely 2s); ovate, oblong-ovate or
lanceolate; smooth above, downy on the veins beneath, coarsely ser-
rate, thin, eight to ten inches long, by four to five inches wide.
Flowers in a dense and compound corymb, pale purple, ranging to
whitish. Heads cylindrical, 5 to 10 flowered. Scales purplish,
numerous, closely imbricated in several rows of unequal length,
slightly striate. Root long, long, knotty, fibrous, white or brownish,
bitter. In grows in swamps, meadows, and other low grounds, and
flowers in August and September.
(Wood mentions a variety, the Eupatorium ternifolium, which has
a slender solid green stem, with a purplish bush; leaves in 3s, very
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM.
359
✔
thin, lanceolate, and grows in mountain woods to the height of about
three feet.)
The root is the officinal part. As found in shops it consists of a
blackish, woody caudex, from which proceeds numerous gray fibers
from one to three lines in diameter, externally they are covered with
a dark brown, longitudinally furrowed cortex, beneath which the inter-
nal portion is white, or whitish yellow, according to its age, the last
color being the oldest. It has a smell somewhat resembling old hay,
and a slightly bitter, aromatic and faintly astringent, but not unpleas-
ant taste, and yields its properties to water by decoction, or spirits.
The fresh root, procured in August, should be used in making tinc-
tures. Many homoeopathists have been disappointed in its effects,
but the tincture they used could not have been properly prepared.*
An oleo-resin has been prepared from the roots by Mr. Merrill, of
Cincinnati, and Mr. Chapman, of Hudson, Michigan. That of the
former is of a thick pilular consistence, and a dark greenish-brown
color, having a faint, peculiar smell, and a nauseous taste; that of the
latter is thinner, about the consistence of glycerine. Both are solu-
ble in alcohol, in the proper proportion to make the decimal dilutions.
I prefer the triturations of this preparation. Dr. King says,
grains repeated every three hours is a most powerful diuretic, occa-
sioning in some instances an enormous flow of urine." I have found
it to have the same effect in dropsy, when given at the third trit-
uration.
"three
OFFICINAL PREPARATION.-Tincture; triturations (of oleo-resins);
dilutions and infusion.
Dose.-The lower dilutions, tincture and weak infusion have been
used in homœopathic practice, quite successfully. No experience has
been obtained from the high dilutions.
The same
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The history of this plant is so mixed up with
that of the Eupatorium perfoliatum, that it is almost impossible to
get any reliable testimony from the older authors. In New England
both species go by the curious name of Joe-Pye, for the reason, says
Rafinesque, that an Indian named Joe Pye, was very successful in
curing with these plants the fevers of the early settlers.
author, in his separate mention of the Eupatorium pur., says it has
the same properties as the Boneset, being good for fevers, gravel, etc.
Next to its common name, Queen of the Meadow, the country people
know it best as 'Gravel Root. Probably no remedy is in such exten-
sive use in domestic practice, for the relief of renal diseases, and
those urinary symptoms which are commonly supposed to arise from
calculi. Such an extensive foundation must rest upon some solid
*
* Dr. Pope, of Washington, D. C., writes me: "I have often been disappointed in the medi-
cal action of some of the New Remedies, but I am free to confess that when I have been able to
get good tinctures, made from the recent plant, taken at the proper season, I have never been
disappointed. *
Since my discovery, some years ago, of the practice of some
pharmaceutists of purchasing the "Shaker prepared" roots and "yarbs" from the wholesale
allopathic druggists, cart loads of wbich roots, etc., you can see most any day, dry as bones and
tasteless as grass, I have lost faith in many remedies." Dr. Pope is perfectly correct,-if the
practitioner wishes to get good effects from these medicines he must have suitable preparations.
The practice he alludes to is very reprehensible, and no respectable pharmaceutist will be guilty
of such a detestable outrage on homœopathy.
360
NEW REMEDIES.
basis. In an extensive country practice of many years, I have
usually found this sort of testimony to be worth as much as the dic-
tum of some of our most learned medical men. 1t is from these pop-
ular uses that the Eclectic physicians have gained much of their
knowledge concerning the use of indigenous plants.
Howard seems to have known something about this plant. "The
root is bitter, astringent, stimulant, and powerfully diuretic; useful
in all diseases of the urinary organs; dropsy, rheumatism, gout, and
female weakness and obstructions. It is thought by some to be a sol-
vent of the stone, and esteemed an unfailing remedy in gravelly
complaints." Beach* says it is diuretic, lithontriptic, nephritic, ner-
vine and tonic; good for stone in the bladder, etc.
King+ does not give it the mention it deserves, merely alluding to
it as "used with good effect in dropsical affections, strangury, gravel
and all chronic urinary disorders, hæmaturia, gout and rheumatism "
Scudder makes a more extended mention. He writes:
"There is no doubt but what this agent exerts a specific influence
upon the kidneys, increasing the quantity of urine secreted, and to
some degree the amount of solids excreted in it. It has been employed
in atonic dropsies, chronic nephritis, catarrhus vesica attended with
ulceration; chronic irritation of the bladder, attended with increased
mucous secretion. It has also been employed in hæmaturia, gleet,
leucorrhoea and other forms of female weakness, rheumatism and
gout, with success. It is a popular remedy in gravel, and said by
some to possess solvent powers; although we cannot award it any
positive powers of that kind yet, as it increases the amount of water
excreted, which is acknowledged to be the best solvent for stone, and
always allays irritation of the bladder, we must consider it at least
the equal of Uva ursi and Chimaphila. We have used the Eupur-
purin, and consider it among our most efficient curative agents in
diseases of the kidneys, bladder and urethra. In one case of marked
albuminuria, when other agents had failed to produce any relief, the
continued use of this remedy for two weeks entirely relieved the
patient. In two cases of diabetes insipidus, its use was attended
with the same results. We have also employed it in incontinence of
urine, especially in children, with good effects. It is of the most
importance, however, in allaying irritation of the bladder; in many
cases of this kind caused by displacement or chronic inflammation of
the uterus, or arising during or after pregnancy, we have obtained
more benefit from its use than from any other agent."
It is in this class of diseases just named, that I know it to be more
useful.
Hollembaek asserts it to be a "most valuable and effectual medic-
inal agent. It is diuretic, dissolvent, tonic, and slightly astringent.
No remedy is better adapted to the relief of painful suppression of
urine, either from inflammation or calcareous accumulations, and in
other cases when the kidneys fail to secrete a due amount of urine,
*Botanic Mat. Med.
tDispensatory.
#Eclectic Mat. Med. and Ther.
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM.
361
allowing the uric acid and other component parts to be retained in
the circulation, producing erysipelas and other diseases of the skin.
In other diseases, when success in treatment so greatly depends upon
the proper secretions of the kidneys, as dropsy, rheumatism, gout
and fever, it becomes of great service to the physician."
(Allowing for bad English and bad pathology, this writer's testi-
mony substantiates that of other physicians.)
This plant was not used in homoeopathic practice until after the
appearance of the first edition of this work. Within the last year I
have received reports of several clinical cases, corroborating the rec-
ommendations given by me. It has also been proven by a woman,
under the supervision of a competent physician.
PROVING BY B. L. DRESSER, M.D., SEARSPORT, MAINE.
Mrs. H. H. Dresser, who is the subject upon which this proving
has been made, is my wife.
She has a nervous-sanguine tempera-
ment; complexion very fair, with light hair and light blue eyes.
Mrs. D. is very susceptible to the action or influence of medicine, so
much so that the two-hundreth dilution of some medicines will act
energetically. During the past six years which I have practiced
homoeopathic medicine, Mrs. D. has tested or partially proved very
many of our principal medicines. The object in view has been to
verify certain characteristic symptoms, which has been done in almost
every trial.
In proving this medicine great care was taken to record no symp-
toms but those produced by the medicine. The proving was continned
ten days, beginning in the morning at 6 o'clock with ten drops, increas-
ing each dose which was taken at intervals once in eight hours, up
to sixty drops.
GENERAL SYMPTOMS.
Head. Sensation as if falling toward the left side. Head feels
light; cannot get rid of the sensation as if falling to the left. Dull,
sleepy; great effort required in order to move about; lightness of
the head; worse in the morning, disappearing at twelve o'clock. Suf-
fers from an unusual wakefulness, with a staring look of the eyes;
Dizziness of the head, with a sensation as if falling to the left side;
Light and dizzy, as though flying round and round; hard thumping
pain on the left occipital bone; sensation as if her head was moving
in all directions. Dizzy, with deep, dull, aching pain through the
temporal region on the left side. Head feels as though she had a
bad cold. Constant falling to the left side has been a marked
symptom.
362
NEW REMEDIES.
•
Integument of the Head.-Soreness of the scalp; itching of the
scalp; fine pricking sensation, rather pleasurable than otherwise;
tenderness of the scalp.
Eyes.-Weeping; copious flow of tears; staring, looking
with fixed eyes, wide open; eyes fastened with an earnest look
upon some object. Feels sleepy; cannot see as far as usual; weep-
ing, filling the lids with tears, causing constant wiping of the eyes.
Ears. Reports in the ears; feeling as though they were full;
filled up; crackling in the ears, like the burning of birch-bark, very
much aggravated upon swallowing anything; squeaking sound in
the ears.
Nose.-Discharges thin, watery fluid; constant discharge of a
sore from continued wiping; abundant discharge of a thin, watery
fluid.
Face.-Burning heat in the face; rush of blood to the face; con-
gestion; face burning, red, dry, hot to the touch; shining appearance
of the face, as when having used a large quantity of soap
in washing. Light, dizzy sensation, in which the whole body
seems to participate. Faint and weak from which the whole body
suffers. Dull, heavy pain in the head, most severe in the forehead;
vertex full, pressing as though lifting up from adjoining parts;
confused, heavy; cannot seem to prevent falling toward the left
side.
Mouth and Tongue.-Abundance of saliva in the mouth; in-
creased action of all the glands of the month; gums red and hot;
pricking and stinging in the end of the tongue.
Throat.-During the entire proving, she experienced a continued
smarting and burning, most severe in the posterior part. Yawning,
gaping, sighing, were symptoms that attended the entire proving.
Choking, fullness of the throat, compelling her to swallow every few
minutes; burning smarting, as if having been scalded by swallow-
ing some hot substance; roughness and dryness in the throat; flut-
tering in the throat pit; soreness of the throat; sensation in the
throat as if having swallowed tobacco; smarting in the posterior part
of the throat; fine, prickly sensation of the posterior part of the
tongue; numb feeling of the tongue, as if caused by Aconite; disa-
greeable fullness in the throat; can hardly prevent crying. Home-
sick, though occupying her own home and surrounded by her own
family.
Stomach.-Eructations was almost a constant symptom, particu-
larly immediately after taking the medicine; great quantity of wind
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM.
363
in the stomach; crampy pain; sickness of the stomach, came near
vomiting; great nausea; eructations sometimes more, sometimes less;
swelling and fullness, mostly on the left side. Took forty drops of
the medicine; in twenty minutes eructations most violent; griping,
crampy pain in the pit of the stomach; feels weak, sick; cannot
move without making a great effort.
Abdomen.—Fullness and pain in the bowels; rolling, rumbling
in the bowels; crampy, windy bowels; rumbling, rolling, twisting
pain in the bowels; pain and soreness of the whole abdomen, but much
the worse on the left side; bowels hard as a rock; fullness of the
bowels; tense cutting pain two inches above the left ovary; heavy
pressure all day on the rectum.
Stool.-Feeling as though the bowels must be moved immediately
without being able to do so; pressure upon the rectum; pain and
suffering as if from diarrhoea, thongh the passages were not much
altered.
Urinary Organs.-Took ten drops at six o'clock in the morning,
before eating. In exactly half an hour, she experienced a smart,
quick, jerking motion in the left ovary; also immediately above it.
There is a deep dull pain in the left kidney, At the interval of an
hour she experienced a desire to void urine; cannot get rid of the
sensation; strong desire to pass water, having ten minutes previously
evacuated the bladder. Constant urging to urinate all day; has
passed twice as much urine during the day as usual.
Heavy pres-
sure during the day directly above the left ovary. Having evacuated
the bladder every half hour during the day, still the bladder is full
and tense. Took forty drops; then after an interval of twenty min-
utes felt an uncontrollable desire to void the urine; after which, she
experienced a severe colic pain occupying the whole extent of the
abdomen; a dull, deep pain in the kidneys; also another cutting pain,
very severe, in the kidneys; the two pains seem to be separate and
distinct, one from the other. Was obliged to evacuate the bladder
four times within one hour; as much in quantity each time as when
not under the influence of the medicine. Constant desire to pass
water accompanied by a cutting, aching pain in the bladder; Deep,
dull pain in the innominata; fullness of the bladder; hard aching
pressure upon the bladder; constant desire to evacuate the bladder,
which, after having been done, is not satisfactory; abundant urine;
cutting pain, pressure, fullness, in the bladder. Five o'clock, even-
ing, -scalding upon passing urine; smarting of the urethra upon
voiding urine; burning, smarting pain in the water passage; feeling
364
NEW REMEDIES.
unnatural desire to strain to urge the urine on; the stream does not
appear as large as natural; feeling as though, having retained the
urine a long time without voiding of it; voiding urine as often as
once an hour during the whole day; the external generative organs
feel as though wet. This symptom was constant all through the
proving, though a delusion. Feeling as though a continual voiding
of urine all the time; voids a great quantity of urine; most severe,
cutting pain in the urethra, which goes and comes in from five to ten
minutes, lasting many hours; dull, heavy pain in the urethra; dull,
aching pain in the bladder; smarting, burning in the urethra on void-
ing urine. Those or the above symptoms of the urethra began to be
experienced the third day of the proving. After that time they are
continuous. Smarting and burning very intense in the bladder and
urethra; so much so that she could not stand. The above symptoms,
of the urinary organs, were accompanied by a weak, tired,
wearied, faint feeling, which was almost insupportable,
DR. DRESSER'S SECOND PROVING.
(OBSERVATION ON THE URINE.-Healthy urine has a light amber
color, different degrees of density, it is transparent and has a lively
look, and when strongly forced into a vessel it has a sprightly active
motion and quickly seeks a quiet state. It has a specific gravity vary-
ing from 1010 to 1030. The average quantity of healthy urine is
estimated to be from 30 to 40 ounces in 24 hours.)
Jan. 1.—At twelve o'clock my wife took sixty drops of the Eupa-
torium pur. This dose seemed to have an immediate action, causing
in half an hour the evacuation of fourteen ounces of urine; specific
gravity 1015, measured by the gravimeter; color not varying from
that of healthy urine. At one o'clock, voided ten ounces, which had
a more aromatic smell than the former passage. Ten minutes before
three o'clock voided ten ounces, having a pale color, specific gravity
the same as the previous examination. At this examination I first
observed a white, flaky or flocculent substance which I collected upon
a filter for examination; this proved to be mucus, the result,
undoubtedly, of inflammation caused by the action of the medicine
upon the urinary organs. At four o'clock voided twelve ounces. At
six o'clock seven ounces; a quarter before seven o'clock voided five
ounces. The characteristic constituents of the urine are not changed,
we have an addition of mucus in amount, a considerable quantity,
one half ounce in all during the day, or up to seven o'clock, the
whole amount of urine voided during the first twelve hours of the
EUPATORIUM
365
PURPUREUM.
proving being 58 ounces. The urine certainly has the appearance
of diabetic urine. Its specific gravity during the day has been
1015. Upon applying the test in order to ascertain whether there
was any sugar or not in the urine not the smallest trace could be dis-
covered. After the first twelve hours, from the beginning of the
proving, there has been much less in quantity than at first, though
the frequency in voiding it, and the urgency by which it is impelled,
has increased in intensity.
Jan. 2d-Nine o'clock, took 60 drops. Many of the symptoms
to-day are the same as those recorded yesterday. Those we do not
think it advantageous to repeat. The desire to-day to void urine has
been almost unintermitted, nevertheless the quantity has been small.
The prover has felt impelled to make frequent efforts to void urine
without being able to void more than from one half ounce to two
ounces at each evacuation. The effort to empty the bladder was made
as often as once in an hour, and sometimes much oftener. The urine
to-day presents a higher color, and has a greater density, its specific
gravity averaging 1026, though it has, during the day, presented
different densities. The characteristic constituents of the urine have
not been changed as proven by examination, except by the addition
of mucus, which had increased in quantity.
Jan. 3d.-Nine o'clock took sixty drops of the Eupatorium. The
condition of the urine to-day has been almost exactly represented in
the record of the preceding day, its specific gravity averaging 1028.
Upon examination in order to ascertain the characteristics of the urine
it was found to be neutral. During the three days the frequent
and tormenting desire to pass urine, with occasional spasmodic action
of the bladder could not long be borne."
In the last experiment we see beautifully delineated the primary
and seconday action of the medicine. Had the doses been smaller,
the primary action would have been longer sustained, but the size of
the dose nearly obliterated it, and shortened its duration to twelve
hours. If the doses had been quadrupled it is probable that no pri-
mary symptoms would have appeared, but the drug malady would
have commenced at once with the secondary symptoms.
This prov-
ing shows that Eupatorium pur. is primarily homœopathic to diabetes
insipidus, and similar diseases; and secondarily indicated in inflam-
matory and painful affections of the urinary organs, with scanty urine,
dropsy, etc. According to my law of dose, this remedy should prove
most useful in the lowest dilutions in the treatment of dropsy, and
this conclusion is sanctioned by clinical experience.
366
NEW REMEDIES.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-If anything aside from the clinical ex-
perience of the eclectic school was wanting to prove the specific
affinity of the Eupatorium purpureum for the urinary organs, the
above pathogenetic symptoms would be sufficient. They not only do
this but they establish the truth of the law of similia as relates to
the action of this medicine in disease. When we come to have thor-
ough provings of all our indigenous remedies we shall find that all of
them have cured homoeopathically.
My experience with this variety of Eupatorium has been
quite extensive, and my observations of its use are equally so. It
seems to be a close analogue of Uva ursi, Cannabis, Chimaphila, Pul-
satilla and Copaiva. I have known it, when taken excessively, as it
often is by the country people, to materially aggravate renal difficul-
ties, and even give rise to the very symptoms for which it is so
strongly recommended, and so really useful. To be more specific, I
have cured with this remedy a severe case of strangury, in a female,
due to uterine displacement; the usual remedies had been used
without benefit. In a case of excessive irritation of the bladder, with
large deposit of lithates in the urine, it removed all the symptoms in
a week. Several minor cases might be mentioned. Next to Apocy-
num cann., I consider it the most powerful remedy we possess, for the
alleviation, and even permanent cure of Dropsy. It is even superior
to that medicine, for its action on the kidneys is of a more pervading
and profound character.
One of the most intractable cases of dropsy, due apparently to
renal disease, that ever came under my care, I believe to have been
permanently cured by a tincture of the root. I usually use the
mother tincture, or lower dilutions, a few drops at a dose every two
or six hours. The following case, illustrative of the powerful curative
action of this remedy in Anasarca, came under my observation in the
practice of Drs. Hale and Smart.
An old gentleman who had twice had attacks of dropsy, the last
of which was removed under the action of Apocynum cann.,
had a
third attack more severe than either previous one. Influenced by
some officious friends, he placed himself under Allopathic treatment,
though he had recovered well under the homoeopathic on former occa-
sions. He steadily grew worse under the usual drugging, purging.
and diuretics, etc., until he was unable to lie down, or move, or
get up from his chair. Distressing dyspnoea set in; the whole
body and extremities became enormously edematous; the secretion
of urine became very scanty, only three or four ounces in twenty-
four hours; and altogether the man was in a very critical
dition.
con-
At this juncture, Dr. P. H. Hale was called. Upon examination
no organic disease of the heart, kidneys or liver was discovered.
The urine, however, was slightly albuminous. The pulse was feeble
but regular. The extremities cold, with considerable general pros-
tration. No appetite, considerable thirst, and a slight tendency to
stupor dullness of mind.
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM.
367
After some consultation, and partly upon my suggestion, it was
resolved to give the Eupatorium purpureum.
The mother tincture was given in drop doses, (8 or 10 at first,)
every three hours. In twelve hours the urine was slightly in-
creased. In twenty-four hours the dyspnoea was somewhat amelior-
ated. In forty-eight hours he could lie down with comfort; and in
seventy-two hours he walked across the room, and the oedema was
rapidly disappearing from his body and limbs.
For three weeks this man had been plied with allopathic rem-
edies after the approved fashion, and now we see all the worst
symptoms removed in three days, by drop doses of a simple remedy.
This is even better than giving minute doses of Arsenic, Helle-
bore, etc., after the routine manner of some of our own school.
The use of the Eupatorium pur. in dropsy, is based upon purely
empirical data, but of such a reliable character that no hesitation
need be felt in resorting to it. It is even better than Apocynum can.
in many cases, and I think its effects are of a more permanent char-
acter.
CURED BY EUPATORIUM
PURPUREUM.
REPORT OF THREE CASES
BY B. L. DRESSER, M. D., SEARSPORT, MAINE.
My clinical experience with the Queen of the Meadow has been
quite limited, though it has proved itself of great value in a number
of cases.
Case 1st.-Elias Stafford enlisted as one of the nine months men,
some three years ago. Immediately upon joining his regiment he
took a violent cold. While suffering from this he began to experience
an uneasiness in the region of the bladder, which continued to in-
crease until it became thoroughly established, as a confirmed chronic
inflammation of the bladder.
While he remained in the army he was treated by a number of
different physicians. Upon arriving home at the close of his term
of service, he then became my patient, and has continued to be and
still is my patient. During this long course of treatment I, of course,
used a good many different remedies without any particular success,
unless this may be called a success that he did not get any worse.
Until about four months ago he remained about the same. At that
time I administered Queen of the Meadow for the following symp-
toms: Smarting, burning in the bladder; soreness and pain in the
bladder; severe, deep, dull aching in the bladder; smarting, burning
in the urethra; most excruciating smarting upon passing urine;
numbness of the legs; deep, dull, aching pain in the region of the
kidneys; very much emaciated; hectic fever; night sweats; rheu-
matic pains shifting from place to place. The above symptoms he
has suffered with more or less intensity, from the beginning, though
after having taken the Eupatorium, the first dose even, the disease
began to yield. I used the concentrated tincture made of the root,
second dilution, twenty drops added to four ounces of distilled water,
two teaspoonfuls or about four drachms at a dose, four times each day.
368
NEW REMEDIES.
Immediately upon taking the medicine, he began to improve from day
to day. In a few weeks he was enabled to attend to his business.
He is a common laborer.
Case 2d.—Mrs. P., pregnant, seven months of her time having
expired. In order to visit her relatives, it was necessary to ride four
miles over a very rough road. Such jolting and shaking could not
be borne with impunity. Besides, during the journey she took a bad
cold. On the following day she found herself sick. Violent head-
ache, soreness all over, aching, gnawing in the joints; eyes red and
swollen; violent cutting pain in the back; labor like pains in the
back; constant desire to void urine; most excruciating smarting
and burning in the urethra upon voiding the urine; passes a few
drops at a time, and is obliged to make the effort very often; numb-
ness of the legs; deep, dull ache in the kidneys, also in the bladder;
pulse 90. Administered Eupatorium 2d dilution, twenty drops in
four ounces of water, Dose, four drachms once in two hours;
lengthened the intervals as she improved. In twelve hours the
patient was convalescent.
Case 3d.—An infant two weeks old. Symptoms: Moaning suf-
fering, expressed by its peculiar cries. Its lower belly swollen and
hot. Restlessness, tossing; constant moaning; had not wet its
napkin for forty-eight hours. During that time the child had been
attended by an allopathic physician. In spite of this mischief, the
Eupatorium worked like a charm. I administered the medicine in
the following manner: Second dilution, one drop to six ounces of
water, half a teaspoonful at a dose once in every half hour until it
voided its urine; after that time, once in three hours. After taking
a few doses, the child voided its urine, and immediately recovered.
Organs of Generation of Man.-No symptoms have been re-
ported. I have, however, noticed decided aggravation of the stran-
gury and excessive urinations, from its use in large doses. Dr. Paine
(eclectic) says: "I have used Eupurpurin in several cases of im-
potency. A gentleman who had been impotent for upwards of four
years, has been under my charge for the last six months. For the
first two months I prescribed all the usual remedies in this disease,
without effect. I then employed the Eupurpurin. For the last four
months he has been taking from one to five grains three or four times
a day; and although not entirely well, he has so far recovered, by the
use of this remedy, as to demonstrate its value in these diseases. I
have used it also in other cases of a similar character, and with most
satisfactory effects. From the experience I have had with the Eupur-
purine, I am satisfied that it is a great tonic to the reproductive
apparatus of both male and female, and in all those diseases where
the organs have become exhausted, either by sympathy with other
diseases or from abuses, this remedy, judiciously administered, will
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM.
369
serve a most valuable purpose. Dose from one to five grains, three
or four times a day." (The second or third trituration, or even higher,
would be safer and better.)
Organs of Generation of Women.-An inflammation of meatus
urinarius; sensation as though wet; leucorrhoea quite abundant, which
continued during the whole time that the proving lasted. Leucorrhoea
simple, leaving no stain upon the linen.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Paine (eclectic) seems to entertain
views in relation to this drug different from other practitioners of his
school. Speaking of the "Eupurpurin," he says: "It is a genuine
uterine tonic. There is, perhaps, no remedy of the materia medica
that exerts a more powerful tonic impression upon the uterus than
does the Eupurpurin; in doses of five to ten grains, it has the effect
to stimulate uterine contractions; and, in cases of pregnancy, it has
been known to produce abortion by producing premature labor. Hence
it has great value in cases of uterine inertia during labor, or where
there is much debility and feeble uterine contractions. The Eupur-
purin operates with great certainty as a tonic to the uterus, peculiar
to Ergot. It may be used in all cases where Ergot has been prescri-
bed, with equal certainty of effect in producing labor, or restoring or
producing uterine contractions, without producing any disastrous
effects upon the blood, so peculiar to large doses of Ergot. I have
administered this in a large number of cases of complete uterine
inertia, in combination with Capsicum and other stimulants, and have
found most happy and immediate effects. In cases of debility of the
uterus, it is a remedy of remarkable value. In the large number of
cases of uterine leucorrhoea, caused by exhaustion of the uterus and
chronic metritis, the Eupurpurin, administered in doses of one-half
to one grain, four or five times a day, affords almost immediate relief,
In cases of prolapsus uteri, and in retroversion of the uterus, and, in
fact, all cases where there is debility of the uterus and its appenda
ges, it can be relied on as a tonic and stimulant to these parts.
"A case, which recently came under my charge, was that of a
lady who had had four or five miscarriages, and had never succeeded
in carrying a child to its full period. She had been under the treat-
ment of several of the most eminent physicians of the city, and
although the most rigid hygienic and medical treatment had been
instituted, all her efforts to mature her period of gestation had been
abortive. She was in the third month of pregnancy, and within two
or three weeks of her usual period to abort, when she came under my
charge. I commenced her treatment by giving one grain of the
Eupurpurin, in combination with one-half grain of Iron per hydro-
gen, three times a day. This treatment I continued, with the addi-
tion of occasional light purges, for two or three months, when Iron
was omitted, and the sitz bath, with the Eupurpurin, was continued
until full term, when she was delivered of a fine, healthy daughter.
'Another was the case of a lady who had been married fourteen
years and had been constantly troubled with amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea
24
370
NEW REMEDIES.
and dysmenorrhoea; and although she was exceedingly anxious to
have a family, to her knowledge had never been enciente. I com-
menced the treatment with one grain of Eupurpurin and one-half
grain of Hypophosphite of iron, three times a day, and also adminis
tered small doses of Leptandrin and Euonymin at bed-time, as she
was also laboring under hepatic difficulties. I continued this treat-
ment for some four or five months, together with the use of vaginal
injections, and decoctions of Cinchona and Hydrastis canadensis.
Her health very much improved, her courses became regular, leucor-
rhoea diappeared, and in seven months from the time of the com-
mencement of her treatment she had the satisfaction of realizing her
long anticipations and wishes. During the treatment I administered
Helonin and Eupurpurin, in the proportion of one-tenth of a grain
of Helonin to one-fourth of a grain of Eupurpurin, three times a
day. She matured a healthy child. Other cases of a similar charac-
ter have been treated with this remedy, and with similar results.
:
"The dose of the Eupurpurin, to resuscitate exhausted labor, to
restore tone and vigor to the uterus, and to hasten uterine action in
cases of uterine inactivity, is from one to five grains, administered
every half hour until thirty or forty grains have been given. As a
general uterine tonic, from one to three grains, taken four times a day,
either in combination with Iron, Cod-liver Oil, Hydrastin, or other
tonics, or alone, is the ordinary dose."
I give the doses used by Dr. Paine, but do not sanction them. (H.)
Chest. Circulation.--Palpitation of the heart; fluttering of the
heart and throat; feels weak and tired; faintness, languor, sickness,
cannot move about; thought she must go to bed, having immediately
before got up. Immediately upon taking each dose of medicine she
would experience violent palpitation of the heart. Strong desire to
inflate the lungs which she continued to do from time to time, without
noticing particularty that she was doing so. During the proving the
pulse ranged from eighty to one hundred; it was full and bounding.
Mind.—The mind is acted upon in a very singular manner, being
encompassed by various delusions. A constant symptom was a feel-
ing as if falling toward the left. This was the first symptom. Talk-
ative, exclamations, delusions of sight and hearing; feels extremely
depressed; sleepy; has a great fear of sickness; sighing every few
minutes; gnawing at the stomach.
Back and Neck.-Pains as of a neuralgia, from below upwards,
mostly up the left side of the back and hip. Sore pain directly
within the spine, its whole extent, from below upwards. Dull aching
pain in the sacrum, running upward into the kidneys; lame feeling
in the nape of the neck; stiff, wry neck; lame, weak feeling of the
neck; cutting pain in the neck, running from the left shoulder to the
occiput.
EUPATOREUM PURPUREUM.
371
Upper and Lower Extremities.-Tired, weak, uneasiness in the
limbs; gnawing, disagreeable pain in the extremities; feet feel as
though she has walked a long journey; seems to her as though her
heels were crowding through her boots. The delusion having been
so marked that she felt compelled to look in order to see if it was
really the case. Rheumatic pain changing from place to place, always
from below upward; gnawing in the hip bone; legs feel weak, tired;
left leg weak, worse than the right, in which she has a severe numb-
ness; numbness worse in the groin; tired weak feeling in every
organ of the body. All symptoms worse on the left side of the body.
Deep, dull pain in the left innominatum,
"
Every symptom in this proving was well marked, having taken
great care not to record any symptoms of a doubtful nature. My
object was so far as we went with the proving, to have it correct.
Mrs. Dresser was in perfect health at the time. She is undoubtedly
one of the best subjects by which a medicine can be proved, having
a good and powerful faculty whereby she is enabled to show or repre.
sent to others, in words, her feelings; to communicate an idea of a
thing by naming its nature and properties. Thus she is enabled to
communicate to us a correct view of each and every symptom, as they
become developed one after another, or more or less at the same
time."
EUPHORBIA COROLLATA.
(Large Flowering Spurge.)
ANALOGUES.-Croton tiglium, Elaterium, Jalapa, Lobelia,
Helleborus niger, Veratrum album.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-A tall, slender, erect plant, one to two
feet high, with a large, perennial, branching, yellowish root, which
sends up several stems from two to five feet in height, round and gen-
erally simple and smooth. Cauline and floral leaves oblong, narrow,
obtuse, standing irregularly upon the stem, and without footstalks.
They are obovate, wedgeform or linear, flat or revolute at the margin,
smooth in some plants and hairy in others, In the umbel the leaves
are opposite and verticillate. The flowers are disposed upon a large,
terminal umbel, with a five-leaved involucrum, and five trifid and
372
NEW REMEDIES.
dichotomous rays, at each fork of which are two oblong bractes. The
calyx is large, rotate, white, with five obtuse segments, closely resem-
bling a corolla, from which the species has been named. At the base
of these divisions are five interior smaller segments, which are des-
cribed as rectories by many systematic writers, while the larger are
considered as belonging to a real corolla. The stamens are twelve,
evolving gradually, with double anthers. Many flowers have only stam-
ens. The pistil, when existing, is stipulate, nodding, rounded, with three
bifid styles. The fruit is a smooth, three-celled, three-seeded cap-
sule. The root, when full grown, is sometimes an inch in thickness
and two feet in length. It is without unpleasant taste, producing
only a sense of heat a short time after it has been taken. The med-
ical virtues are said to reside in the cortical portion, which is thick
and constitutes two-thirds of the whole root. They are taken up by
water and alcohol, and remain in the extract formed by the evapora-
tion of the decoction or tincture. This species is one of over thirty
of the genus Euphorbiacea, indigenous to this country, to which
belongs the European species E. officinalis, noticed and used by
Hahnemann. The E. Corollata is found all over the United States,
growing chiefly in a dry, barren and sandy soil, seldom growing in
woods or on the borders of streams. Its flowers appear in July and
August. The central head is two or three weeks earliest.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS,—Tincture and triturations of the root;
dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-It is a singular coincidence, says Rafinesque,
that the name given to this root by the Indians of Louisiana is Peheca,
very similar to the Brazilian native name of Ipeca, both meaning
'Emetic-root.' It is also called by the Northern tribes, Picac. It has
a host of common names, among which the most used is Go-quick,
Bowman's Root, Milk-weed, Indian Physic. The first alludes to its
remarkably quick and intense action as an emetico-cathartic. By a
very common error, these names have been applied to the E. ipecac-
uana, and other species which possess similar properties.
Rafinesque says the E. corollata is the most powerful of the
indigenous species, "since it purges at the dose of three to ten grains,
and vomits at from ten to twenty." "But a diversity has been noticed
in various constitutions, the same doses being sometimes inert,
cathartic or emetic, or both in some instances; they often produce
nausea, even in small doses, and then act as diaphoretics, like Ipecac,
to which they are preferable by having no unpleasant taste, nor excit-
ing pain and spasms." The bruised root applied to the skin, produces
vesication in about twelve hours, which lasts two or three days. The
milk destroys warts." He says it has been employed in dropsies,
asthma, hooping cough, and fever, but with no great success.
Eclectic physicians claim that it is superior to Lobelia, Podophyl-
lum or Jalap in some diseases. But in the doses in which they pre-
scribe it, it is often productive of unpleasant and dangerous symptoms,
and capable of doing much injury to the gastric mucous membrane,
due to its quick and prompt action. I am indebted to Dr. A. R.
EUPHORBIA COROLLATA.
373
Brown, of Litchfield, Mich., for many interesting facts relating to its
action. It is considered by those who use it, as the most powerful
"revulsive agent" in their Materia Medica, in all cases of local con-
gestion, especially of the lungs and head; also in inflammation of the
pleura, lungs and liver, and it is used as a substitute for bleeding and
Calomel. Its admirers allege that it will certainly arrest the progress
of the above affections in a few hours, and break up all simple fevers.
This is of course erroneous, but it reminds one of the Helleborism of
the ancients, so graphically described by Hahnemann.
In fact, no
drug with which I am acquainted so much resembles the Veratrum
album. It will be seen that its analogues are also Jatropha, Elaterium,
Croton tiglium, Arsenicum, Tartar emetic, Veratum viride; and will
undoubtedly prove as useful in practice.
Dr. Brown, who has repeatedly tested the pure effects of the root
upon his own person, thus describes its action. After taking the
dose, (twenty-five grains of the powdered root,) and while in good
health no effects were noticed for about one hour and a half, when
suddenly, with no premonitory symptoms of pain, a distressing sense
of deathly nausea set in, accompanied in a few minutes by faintness;
then sudden and powerful vomiting, first the food, etc., in the stom-
ach, then of large quantities of water mixed with mucus, then clear
fluid, like rice water. In less than a minute after the vomiting
commenced, great commotion in the bowels, followed immediately by
copious watery evacuations, set in. This simultaneous vomiting and
diarrhoea continued for nearly an hour, at short intervals or intermis-
sions, all the while accompanied by great anxiety, a death-like sense
of faintness and exhaustion; cool skin, covered with beaded sweat;
cold hands, feet, and nose, and great weakness. In about two or
three hours all these symptoms passed away, leaving only weakness
as from hunger, no pain or distress, only a peculiar languor. During
the height of its action the pulse sank to forty. After taking fifty
grains the effects were much more intense, but lasted only a little
longer. It resembled more nearly a severe attack of sea sickness, or
cholera morbus, than any thing the doctor could imagine. Taken in
doses of two or three grains every two or three hours, it causes lan-
guor, perspiration, and softness of the pulse.
King, (Dispensatory,) says, "fifteen or twenty grains of the pow
dered root will excite emesis, rarely occasioning pains or spasms,
and giving rise to very little previous nausea or giddiness. Four
grains given every three hours will act as a diaphoretic. When
given in large doses it is apt to induce inflammation of the mucus
coat of the stomach and bowels, with hyper-catharsis. It causes dis-
tressing nausea with prostration."
Wood, (Therapeutics, Vol. II, p. 442). It is not like Ipecacuanha,
safe in over doses, but when taken too largely acts with great harsh-
ness, causing much nausea, viole at vomiting, hyper-catharsis, and
symptoms of general prostration." Other medical writers speak of it
in much the same manner; but the most extended notice of its virtues
which has yet appeared, is from the pen of Dr. Grover Coe in a
work on "Concentrated Organic Medicines." Were Dr. Coe a hom-
374
NEW REMEDIES
œopathist, he would appear in a much better light in his essay on
remedial agents; as it is, he makes himself obscure and sometimes
ridiculous by seeking to account for the modus operandi of certain
medicines, upon vague and theoretic grounds, and by ignoring the
law of similia.
Of Euphorbin, the concentrated principle of Euphorbia corollata,
he says: "The Euphorbin is a reliable acquisition to our indigenous
Materia Medica, and fulfils many important indications. In small,
repeated doses it acts as a diaphoretic, inducing free perspiration,
deterges the mucous coats of the stomach and bowels, stimulates the
functions of the liver, and corrects the tendency to colliquative diar-
rhaal discharges."(!!) "When administered as an emetic, it will
vomit without exciting any previous nausea, while at other times, con-
siderable prostration of the muscular system with lingering nausea,
will be observed; paleness of the countenance and cool, moist state
of the skin, from which, however, the patient recovers as soon as the
medicine has operated on the bowels." We deem the Euphorbia one
of the most powerful, and at the same time, safest revulsive remedies
that can be administered for the relief of cerebral congestions.
excites powerfully the absorbent and venous systems, and is there-
fore frequently employed for the removal of dropsical effusions,.
removing them when other means fail." [This is all vague theory.
It acts similarly to the Elaterium.]
It
All
After stating pretty fully its irritating action on the mucous coat
of the stomach and bowels, this author, strangely enough, goes on to
say: "We have found the Euphorbin of much ability in the treat-
ment of cholera infantum, diarrhoea and dysentery. (!) It seems to
exercise a peculiar control over the glandular structure of the intes-
tinal canal, correcting and giving tone to the action of the secreting
vessels, and promoting the assimilation of nutritious matters."
of which is mere nonsense. It acts by virtue of its power to cause
similar pathological conditions in healthy persons. Is it not strange
that allopathic writers should labor so hard to cover up the real
action of drugs, when the actual law of their remedial action is so
apparent to every sensible mind? With a full knowledge of its power
to cause hypercatharsis, with inflammation of the bowels, cramps
and vomiting," he says: "We (I) have administered it in cases of
Cholera infantum, when the alvine discharges were watery, copious
and offensive, and as the result of its operation, had well digested
stools, without foetor." Then to gloss this, to him incomprehensible
power, he resorts to unworthy special pleading, thus: We have
been unable to discover that the Euphorbin acts as a special irritant
upon the bowels, but on the contrary, esteem it as a corrector of irri-
tation." (In small doses.) "Our observations of its operations have
led us to the conclusion that the irritation sometimes observable is
the result of an increased activity on the part of the eliminating.
vessels of the alimentary canal, and the consequent depuration of
certain morbid and acrid materials from the blood, which being
brought in contact with the mucous surfaces, constitute an extraneous
cause of excitement." This language reminds one of the obscure
EUPHORBIA COROLLATA.
375
and foggy reasoning that our medical grandfathers indulged in a few
centuries ago-a jargon of unmeaning phrases,
The Euphorbium cor. causes, like the Veratrum album, and its
analogues, a decided and profound depression of the vitality of the
nerves of the stomach and bowels, and an utterly relaxed condition
of the intestinal capillaries. It induces a pathological and pathoge-
netic state, which presents a picture resembling, with wonderful
fidelity, cholera morbus, cholera infantum, colliquative diarrhoea, sea-
sickness and many other forms of disease affecting the digestive tube.
It may act in large doses as a direct local irritant, in the same man-
ner as Tartar emetic; for the juice of the root will produce vesication
and pustules upon the skin, and perhaps upon the mucous membrane.
But it certainly posseses a dynamic power, which exercises a profound
influence through the medium of the nerves.
PATHOGENESIS.-A resume of the symptoms after Hahnemann's
method would be as follows:
Head, etc.-Vertigo; swimming in the head, with faintness; dim-
ness of sight and prostration; every thing seems to be whirling
around; vertigo, with ringing in the ears; he fears he is going to
die; death-like sensation, with anxiety of mind; no desire to live
unless relief comes soon.
Digestive Tract, etc.-Burning in the mouth and on the tongue
after taking the dry powder; vesicles on the lips and tongue after
taking the fresh root: sudden nausea one hour after taking the pow-
der, followed in a few minutes by sudden and forcible vomiting and
diarrhoea of watery (rice-water) fluid, with sinking anxious feeling at
the stomach; faintness, slow and week pulse (40), cool skin, cool feet
and hands, which become affected with painful cramps; profuse col-
liquative discharges from the bowels, like the evacuations in cholera,
with painful spasms of the intestines; cold sweat on the body and
extremities; spasms of the legs and feet.
Pathology.—I had intended to make some experiments on animals
with the view of showing its pathological effects upon the mucous
membranes of the stomach and bowels, but have been unable to
devote the necessary time. I hope to present the profession with the
results of such experience soon. This article is published to call the
attention of my colleagues to this important remedy, and ask their
assistance in perfecting its pathogenesis. If we may be allowed to
judge from analogy, we can safely affirm that its physiologico-patho-
logical effects are similar to those caused by the Elaterium, Veratrum
album and viride, Jatropha curcas, and perhaps Aconite.
CLINICAL OBSERVTAIONS. This remedy is perfectly homoeopathic,
judging from its pathogenetic symptoms and its known effect in dis-
ease, to many morbid conditions of the digestive tube; many serious
376
NEW REMEDIES.
and severe diseases of the stomach and bowels, as well as some affec-
tions of the liver, kidneys and skin. In some forms of aphthæ,
accompanied by vomiting or diarrhoea, and that condition of the
alimentary mucous membrane characterized by an aphthous exuda-
tion extending from the mouth to the anus. This condition is often
seen in children and nursing women, and vulgarly known as "thrush.”
In this affection I should advise the lower dilutions of the tincture
of the plant. After this, Hydrastis, Rhus vernix, Borax, and Arsen-
icum or Tartar emetic may be tried. In weakly subjects Phosphoric
and Sulphuric acids will prove useful. Chlorate of Potassa is
an admirable remedy in some cases.
Sea-sickness and the severe
vomiting of pregnancy will be benefitted by the medium dilutions of
the tincture of the dried root. It is useful in the vomiting which
arises from fright, over indulgence in ices, fruits, etc., or from the
effects of acrid matters in the stomach, such as large doses of Ipecac.,
Antimony, Lobelia, etc. In Cholera morbus and Cholera infantum
we have abundant proof of its utility. I have known it to cure these
affections after the usual remedies had entirely failed. In such con-
ditions, if the evacuations be acid in their nature, the acidity should
be corrected by small quantities of Carbonate of Soda or Magnesia,
otherwise the prompt curative effects of the Euphorbium will not
appear. This is a point too often ignored by homoeopathic physicians.
Hahnemann taught that these chemically altered conditions of the
fluids were the result of actual acid fermentation of the contents of
the stomach and intestines, and must be met by remedies which act
in a chemical manner. Many remedies, apparently well chosen, will
not act beneficially in such conditions, but act promptly after their
removal, the acid in such cases antidoting, perhaps destroying, its
medicinal principle. In acute enteritis, gastritis, and other inflamma-
tory diseases of the gastric and intestinal mucous membrane, I should
consider it admirably indicated, if the other symptoms correspond.
In toxical doses it undoubtedly causes active inflammation of their
structures, and then, instead of watery evacuations, we may have mu-
cus and bloody discharges, accompanied by pain and tenesmus. In
these diseases the higher dilutions would be preferable. The colliqua-
tive diarrhea of consumptive and typhoid patients may be benefitted
by this remedy, as also those obstinate chronic diarrhoeas which are
prevalent among soldiers in camps, and are probably caused by bad
food and worse water. It will undoubtedly prove useful in many of
the diseases of children, such as sympathetic or irritative fever, worm
fever, in fact, all febrile action when caused by irritation of the bow-
els. Dr. Coe says: "We value it exceedingly in the treatment of
the indigestion of children, and for the removal of all that train of
symptoms which is usually supposed to indicate the presence of
worms. These are, loss of appetite, or it may be variable, voracious
at times, and none at others, furred tongue, feverishness, foetid breath,
bloating of the stomach, constipation, or, on the contrary, a trouble-
some diarrhoea, emaciation, peevishness, wakefulness, etc." In such
cases I have the best effects from the first decimal trituration of the
root-bark, or the third trituration of the Euphorbin. But Santonine
:
FRASERA CAROLINENSIS.
377
is the most reliable specific. Finally, it may prove useful in some of
the exanthemas, such as eczema, pustular ring-worm, erysipelas, and
milk crust of children when associated with diarrhoea. I do not know
whether its internal administration will cause its peculiar effects on
the skin; my experiments were not carried far enough to test the
matter. We may safely suppose, however, that it may thus act, simi-
larly to Croton, Rhus, and Tartar-emetic. In all affections of the
skin, its external use as a lotion, cerate or glycerole, should accom-
pany its internal administration. I earnestly solicit a trial of its
remedial virtues in the mentioned diseases, and careful provings on
healthy persons, and the lower animals.
Euphorbia corollata in Dysentery.-A physician writes: * "A
few years ago, we had a great deal of diarrhoea among all classes, and
some of the cases proved very obstinate and did not yield readily to
the ordinary remedies. My student told me that some of the old
physicians of Detroit had, the year before, used what he called Spurge,
(a species of the Euphorbia) with the most gratifying results. He
found the plant and made a tincture of the top of the plant and used
it, empirically of course. Two or three drops of the mother tincture
in half a glass of water was the preparation used. I never found
anything act so like a charm, curing all the obstinate and difficult
cases. I gave some to my friends and they were delighted with its
effects. Unfortunately I broke my bottle containing the tincture, and
am all out. We have a dysenteric diarrhoea prevailing here which
gives us much trouble, as it does not yield to ordinary treatment, at
least not satifactorily. I am not sufficiently acquainted with the Spurge
to know it when I see it, and I can find no one here who knows it at
all."
FRASERA CAROLINENSIS.
(American Columbo)
ANALOGUES.-Aletris, Cornus, China, Chelone, Hydrastis, Gentian,
Populus, Phosphoric Acid, Sulphuric Acid.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is an indigenous plant, with a tri-
ennial, long, fusiform, horizontal, rugose and yellow root, with a
smooth, erect, solid, cylindrical or subquadrangular, succulent, dark
purple stem, from four to nine feet in height, one or two inches in
diameter at the base. The leaves are smooth, oblong, lanceolate,
acutish, sessile, feather-veined, entire or wavy, sub-comose, from
three to twelve inches by one to three, in whorls of four to six, rarely
* Homœopathic Observer, 1865.
378
NEW REMEDIES.
The
opposite and decreasing in size as they approach the summit.
flowers are tetrematous, (in 4s,) an inch and a quarter in diameter,
yellowish-white or greenish yellow, with brown-purple dots, and a
large purple pit or gland near the base, bordered by a strong and even
fringe, and interminal, compound, pyramidal, leafy or bracteated,
verticillate panicles. Calyx deeply four-parted, segments acute,
shorter than the oblong obtuse-like petals. Corolla wheel shaped.
Stamens four, shorter than the corolla, alternating with its segments.
Filaments subrelate; anthers large, oblong. ursatile, yellow; ovary,
oblong, attenuated into a short style; stigmas, bifid, distinct; cap-
sule or fruit, oval, compressed, acuminated with the persistent style,
yellowish; seeds, few, large, imbricated, elliptical, wing-margined.
This plant grows West of the Alleghanies, on the borders of lakes,
and in rich soils in the Middle and Southern States, bearing flowers
in June and July, which, however, together with the stems, are not
developed until the third year; the root-leaves, in the meantime, only
being visible. The part used is the root, which should be gathered
in October and November, of the second year of the plant, or in
March or April of its third year. It is hard, fusiform and wrinkled
as met with in the shops they are in dried, transverse slices, with a
brown epidermis, slightly tinged with red, yellow cortex and a spongy,
straw-colored centre. Its taste is bitter and slightly saccharine, and
its properties are taken up by wine, water, or alcohol of specific grav-
ity of 0.935. This root has been mistaken for that of Columbo, (Coc-
culus palmaris, Africa,) but it may be distinguished from the latter,
which, on account of the starch it contains, strikes a blue color with
tincture of Iodine, while the American plant undergoes no change of
color. A transverse section of Columbo shows a series of concentric
circles, with diverging lines, which are absent in the American root.
This is one of the handsomest native plants of America. I have
seen it in the glades of Ohio and Michigan, ten or twelve feet high,
with a pyramid of crowded flowers, four or five feet long, but they
have no odor. It belongs to the order Gentianacea, but it is the only
species of the genus. According to Rafinesque, however, who
was a close observer, it affords a few varieties, namely: Opposit-
eplia, Undulata, Pauciflora, Angustifolia, their names expressing
their deviations.
Officinal PREPARATIONS,—(1). Tincture of the fresh root.
Tinctures and triturations of the dried root. (3). Dilutions.
(2).
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The first physicians who used this root, sup-
posed it would be used as a substitute for the foreign Columbo. But
not finding it as powerful, they let it fall into disuse.
Being allo-
pathic, they were ignorant of the means of ascertaining its medicinal
qnalities. In the hands of homoeopathists it may prove a valuable
remedy.
It is known to be emetic and cathartic when fresh, and said to be
"tonic, anti-septic and febrifuge when dry." It would be well to
make the proving with the fresh root, that we might know all the
qualities of the medicine. Rafinesque says it is equal to Gentian and
GALIUM.
379
Rhubarb in diseases of the stomach and debility. "It has cured a
wide-spread gangrene of the lower limbs by its internal use and ex-
ternal application, when bark had failed." He also says it is useful
in intermittents, and extensively used in domestic practice for fevers,
colics, nausea and relaxed stomach and bowels. "As a purgative, it
is substituted for rhubarb, particularly for children and pregnant
women,* and it has the advantage of not heating the body. Cold water
is said to add to its efficacy, and prevent nausea or emesis. A tea-
spoonful in hot water and sugar will give immediate relief in case of
heavy food loading a weak stomach." King merely alludes to it as a
simple tonic, in doses of twenty or thirty grains of the powdered
root.
Wood, King and Scudder merely copy Rafinesque's account of
this plant.
Coe asserts that Fraserin is tonic, stimulant and mildly astrin-
gent, and is useful in indigestion, debility, diarrhea, night-sweats,
hysteria and gravelly disorders. "It is exceedingly useful in the
convalescing stages of fevers, diarrhoea, cholera infantum, and in all
cases when the system has been exhausted by colliquative discharges.
* Colliquative diarrhoeas are frequently cured with Fraserin
oleum."
These are all vague and bald generalities, of very little use to
the accurate physician of any school, and of less use to the homœo-
pathician. It remains for some member from our school to institute
provings with this plant. It will not rank as a polychrest, probably,
because its range of action is too limited; but its pathogenesis may
show it to be indicated in some derangements for which we have not
now the specific.
*Medical Botany.
GALIUM
(Cleavers.)
ANALOGUES.-Agave, Cannabis sativa, Chimaphila, Eupatorium
purp,-(or Ulmus fulv., Althea officinalis, etc.)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Galium aparine is decreed by medical
writers to be the officinal plant of this genus. Rafinesque says "many
other species are probably medicinal, but we only use the Galium
aparine and G. verum common in woods, trailing, rough, with white,
lateral flowers and rough seeds." This description, however, will
only apply to the former species, as the latter has yellow flowers and
smooth seeds. The two species above mentioned are the only ones
380
NEW REMEDIES.
which have eight leaves in a whorl. Gray thinks it "doubtful if the
G. Aparine is truly indigenous in our district." And the G. verum
was certainly brought here from Europe. Only six species of Galium
are mentioned by Gray, as indigenous to the United States. Rafin-
esque, however, says we have "twenty or more species in North Amer-
ica." He thinks the G. aparine and G. verum common to Europe
and America. We prefer to follow Gray as the latest authority, and
arrange the species as follows:
G. Aparine, with white flowers, rough seeds, leaves eight in a
whorl. (Europe-perhaps indigenous.)
G. Verum, with yellow flowers, smooth seeds, leaves eight in a
whorl. (Europe-not indigenous.)
G. Aspullum, flowers white, small leaves in whorls of six, or
4-5 on the branchlets, fruit usually smooth.
G. Concinnum, flowers white, leaves all in whorls of six, fruit
smooth, stems not turning black in drying, like the rest.
(The two last species most nearly resemble, in medicinal effect,
the two former.)
G. Pilosum, flowers dull purple or brown, leaves in fours, oval,
one inch long.
G. Circazans, (Wild Liquorice,) leaves in fours, oval. This
species has sweet leaves, tasting like liquorice, and according to Prof.
Tully, contains liquorice-sugar.
G. Lanceolatum, also called wild liquorice, very much resembles
the last.
G. Latifolium, with purple flowers, smooth fruit, and leaves in
fours.
The European species naturalized in this country are the G. tri-
fidum, (var. tinctorium,) G. trifolium, (sweet scented bedstraw,) and
G. Boreale. Rafinesque says "the G. Tinctorium and G. Boreale,
called Sawyan, in Canada, are useful plants. The creeping red roots
dye a beautiful red, like madder, with acids. The Indians use them
for their beautiful red dye." He denies the statement of Culpepper
and Scheff, that the juice of the plant and flowers will coagulate
milk. The bones of animals who eat the plant are said to be colored
similar to that caused by madder. (Galium belongs to the madder-
family of plants.)
HISTORY, USES, ETC.-This plant is common to Europe and Amer-
ica, growing in cultivated grounds, moist thickets, and along banks of
rivers, and flowering from June till September. Its root consists of
a few hair-like fibres, of a reddish color. In the green state some of
these plants have an unpleasant odor, others rather the contrary; all
are inodorous when dried. They have an acidulous, astringent and
bitter taste. They have not been thoroughly analyzed, but
chloric acid, galli-tannic acid, citric acid, starch, etc., have been
detected in the G. aparine and G. verum. The former contains the
most citric, while the latter holds the most galli-tannic acid. Accord-
ing to King all the species of this genus, possess similar medicinal
virtues. This seems to be the opinion of Scudder, Beach and other
Eclectic writers. Such generalizations, however, will not be accepted
GALIUM.
381
In order to meet the re-
by the Homœopathic school of medicine.
quirements of a scientific Materia Medica, each species of any genus
of plants should be studied by itself. Their constituent elements
differ as is shown in the analysis, and their medical effects must also
differ. This plant was well known to the older English writers, and
was used in domestic practice centuries ago. Sir John Hill says the
expressed juice of G. aparine is an anti-scorbutic; and Old Culpep-
per says both the yellow and white colored bedstraw are "herbs of
Venus, and therefore strengthen the parts which she rules." He then
recommends it to "break the stone, provoke urine, stay inward bleed-
ings," and also good for ulcers, scalds, burns, etc.
In Wood's Dispensatory we read, "The expressed juice is said to
be aperient, diuretic and anti-scorbutic, and has been used in dropsy,
congestion of the spleen, scrofula and scorbutic eruptions. In the
last complaint it has been thought peculiarly useful. Three ounces of
the juice may be taken twice a-day." This is all the 'regular' has to
about the Galium, On the other hand, the old Botanics, and more
recently Eclectics, appear to value it highly.
say
Dr. Smith, ("Botanic Physician," page 90) says "Cleavers is one
of the most valuable diuretics that our country produces; an excel-
lent and speedy medicine in all suppressions of the urine and grav-
elly complaints, and is a powerful discutient. It has been found
beneficial in the cure of scurvy and spitting of blood. It is an
admirable remedy in gravelly disorders, often curing them entirely,
alone. It seems to possess a solvent power over the stone or gravel,
crumbling it into a sandy substance, so that it is discharged without
difficulty. In inflammatory affections of the kidneys aud bladder the
Cleavers infusion is particularly applicable, from its cooling as well
as diuretic quality. It gives great relief in the scalding of the clap."
Dr. Beach says essentially the same, also advising it when "obstruc-
tions exist from cold and slimy substances in the kidneys and blad-
der, effectually closing the passages." This may sound oddly to
the modern physician, but the Botanics were always unique in their
pathological views.
Dr. King (Dispensatory, page 432,) seems to disagree with Beach,
for he says it is contra-indicated in diseases of the bladder and kid-
neys of a passive character, on account of its refrigerant and sedative
effects on the system; but that it may be used freely in fevers and
acute diseases. He recommends it in suppression of urine, calculous
affections, inflammation of the kidneys and bladder, and dysuria.
The G. aparine is particularly referred to, but Eclectic physicians
use all kinds indiscriminately.
Dr. Scudder (Materia Medica,) repeats the above, and adds that
it "invariably increases the flow of urine, and removes its acridity."
It is also advised as an external application in prickles, itch, scrofu-
lous tumors, ulcers, etc.
The above testimony is about as clear as we can expect from
Allopathic sources. With an utter disregard of the probable differ-
ence in medical properties of plants of the same genus, they deem
it trivial to distinguish the effects of one from another. The early
382
NEW REMEDIES.
Botanics were ignorant of proper diagnosis, and the later Eclectics
too careless of the matter, and we have therefore only loose data
upon which to build any recommendation of these plants. It is to be
regretted that some really scientific, observing physician has not
investigated the physiological and curative effects of one species of
the Galium, giving it alone in some variety of urinary disorder. This
work remains for some intelligent physician of the new school, who
should make a physiological proving of each species, or of one of the
most important. This would give us reliable indications for the use
of the remedy in disease. Even if it had been properly used in
disease, we might know what kind of calculus it was good for. and
what symptoms called for its use in urinary disorders. In the absence
of any pathogenetic or clinical experience such as we desire, we can
only suggest the use of Galium empirically at present.
The G. aparine seems to be the best adapted in inflammatory and
scorbutic affections, on account of the greater amount of juice which
it contains, and from the fact that such juice contains a large quantity
of acid, (Citric.) The G. aspullum and concinnum are probably its
analogues.
The G. verum is probably more useful in cases of hæmorrhage
from the urinary or other organs, because it contains a large amount
of Galli-tannic acid.
The G. tinctorium is said to be "nervine, anti-spasmodic, expecto-
rant, and diaphoretic," and has been used with benefit in asthma,
bronchitis, cough, etc. If either of the species of Galium had any
specific effect upon the respiratory organs, such effect would seem to
belong to the G. circazans, on account of the liquorice-sugar which
it is said to contain.
HOMEOPATHIC APPLICATION.-As before mentioned, we have no
provings of these plants, but from considerable observation of their
use in domestic practice and some clinical experience of my own,[
may be able to deduce some definite conclusions.
While engaged in an extensive country practice, I often observed
that the cold infusion was drank freely by fever patients, especially
if any scalding or burning during micturation was complained of.
At first, I disliked to have them use it in connection with homoeo-
pathic remedies, but I have found its use so general, and the idea of
its mild curative powers so engrafted into the minds of the people,
that it was a difficult matter to proscribe it. I have never noticed
that its use interfered in any way with the action of homoeopathic
medicines. In order to test, in a practical manner, its alleged use-
fulness in urinary affections, I have often selected cases of simple
dysuria, strangury, suppression, etc., depending on uterine irritation,
or a cold, and prescribed the cold infusion, (see DOSE,) in alternation
with blank powders or pellets. In this way I have gained some cor-
rect ideas of its sphere of action. It seemed to me particularly use-
ful in the dysuria and suppression of urine in young children, from
colds, or when it was attended with apthæ, or what might be called a
scorbutic state of the system; also in the strangury of women from
uterine disease, hæmorrhoids, or irritable bladder. It seemed to be
GALIUM.
383
useful in the strangury and scanty urine in rheumatic fever, and in
the irritable bladder (from prostatic disease,) in old men. Dr. Ken-
dall, a homœopathic physician, reports to me two cases which show
clearly its curative action :
(1.) A young child had been troubled with painful dysuria for
several days. Every attempt at urination was accompanied with cries
and screams. A weak infusion of Galium 3rd was given, and in less
than an hour the child urinated profusely and without pain.
(2.) An old man had been troubled for months with intensely
painful dysuria, frequent ineffectual urging, scanty discharge, etc.
He was directed to drink a pint a day, of a cold infusion. In a few
days he reported himself cured.
Several similar cases have been reported to me by physicians and
lay members of the school. I think the G. asprellum is the tincture
generally used, as the G. aparine does not grow so abundantly in the
West.
OFFICINAL PREPARATION.-In general practice the cold or warm
infusion is usually used. All writers agree that this is the most
eligible method, because heat destroys or dissipates the medicinal
virtues of the plant. The herb, (the root is not used,) should be
placed in cold or tepid water and allowed to stand for two hours.
Three or four ounces to one quart of water is the usual proportions.
It is sometimes sweetened. The expressed juice has been used,
according to Wood, three ounces twice a day. King advises the in-
spissated juice, one or two drachms three times a day. I do not
know if alcohol injures its medicinal qualities, but it is probable, as
alcohol acts on some vegetable juices much in the same manner as
heat; if not, an equal or one-fourth part of alcohol might be added to
the expressed juice to form a mother tincture. I would, however,
advise the following method of preparing this remedy for homœo-
pathic use, in cases when the infusion was not acceptable, or when
the physician could not rid himself of antiquated prejudices suffi-
ciently to use it. Mix together equal quantities, by weight of the
cold expressed juice and sugar of milk; triturate until the mass is
perfectly dry. It may then be put up in close bottles.
DOSE.-I am aware that I am treading upon disputed ground
when I advise the use of infusions of vegetable remedies. But if it
is right and better for our patients to use such a preparation, we
should not hesitate. Moreover, do we not advise cold infusions of
Ulmus fulva, Flax-seed, Althæa, all of which are mild, medicinal
substances. Hahnemann, in the early part of his homoeopathic prac-
tice, used infusions, and he distinctly advises the use of infusions of
plants of small medicinal power, when we desire to prove such
plants. (See "Lesser Writings.") I am aware that some physicians
would prefer to prove even this medicine in the attenuations. In this
way, "itching of the elbows and nose"-"drawing in the fingers"—
"slight vertigo after smoking the sixth pipe;" or even "unpleasant
dreams while lying on the back," might be noticed, but nothing which
384
NEW REMEDIES.
could show us the real sphere of action of the remedy. I do not
deny that certain potent or inert drugs may be proven in attenu-
ated quantities, but remedies similar to the Galium cannot, He who
would prove this plant should, without altering his mode of life,
drink a wine glass of the ordinary infusion, four or six times daily,
for a week or more.
In disease, I would advise the cold infusion in the complaints
enumerated above, in which it has been found useful. It may be
taken in tablespoonful doses every one, two, or three hours; or the
powders prepared as above, may be prescribed in doses of five or ten
grains at short intervals.
It seems to be primarily homoeopathic to passive, torpid condi-
tions of the urinary apparatus. In such cases the 3d triturations
may be found curative.
The infusion should be made with the fresh plant, when obtain-
able, as the dried possesses less power. Children may be made to
take it readily by adding sugar and cream, or milk, to the infusion.
The following clinical record of the use of Galium in Cancer, etc.,
is taken from the British Journal of Homoeopathy, Vol. XXIII, page
139, (1865.)
Hard Nodulated Tumor of the Tongue, apparently of a Cancerous nature, which
disappeared under the use of Galium aperinum, by F. A. Balley, F. R. S. C.
Jane C—, a married woman, æt. 60, residing at Ramsbury, in Wiltshire, was
admitted into the hospital April 5th, 1864, on account of a hard, firm, somewhat
circumscribed tumor of about the size of a boy's marble flattened, imbedded in the
substance of the tongue, on the right side, about an inch from its apex, which had
been gradually increasing in size since she first observed it, five weeks before,
when it was about as large as a hemp seed.
The upper surface was nodulated and uneven, and the swelling generally had
the appearance and feel of a scirrhous formation in the organ. It had all along
been extremely painful, so much so as entirely to prevent her sleeping at night; it
was exquisitely tender to the touch when handled, and latterly she had experi-
enced a throbbing, beating pain in it, which had induced her to think it was about
to burst. There was no appearance of its having been caused by injury to the
tongue through a decayed tooth. She had always been in the habit of living tol-
erably well, but had been suffering a good deal from general debility and languor
for some time before the commencement of the swelling. Her countenance did
not indicate any peculiar cachectic condition of the system, and there was no his-
tory of any hereditary cancerous taint in her family. The tumor had increased
rather rapidly lately, and she was quite unable to masticate solid food on account
of the pain it induced, which had added much to her original weakness.
She was ordered to have strong cold beef-tea frequently during the day for
diet, with a pint of porter daily, and to take the following medicine:-R. Extract
Galii Aperini Solidi, two ounces; Aquæ Ad. half pound. M. ft. extract fluid. Of
this extrect a drachm and a half was given twice a day in a wineglassful of water.*
* An excellent preparation of the recently expressed juice may be procured of Mr. Ayscough
Thompson, the eminent pharmaceutical chemist, of Chiswell Street, Finsbury. The dose is
from one to two drachms of the fluid extract in a wineglassful of water or new milk two or
three times a day.
GALIUM.
385
She was also ordered to use the above mixture as a warm lotion to the mouth sev-
eral times during the day, keeping it in the mouth for some time during each appli-
cation.
A month after her admission she had completely recovered from the languor
and debility under which she had previously been suffering; her face, instead of
being pallid and sallow, had recovered a healthy and somewhat florid appearance,
which was natural to her; the pain in the tumor had been gradually diminishing,
and the tumor itself had become so much reduced in size as to be scarcely discerni-
ble to the touch, and as she was now able to take solid food without discomfort
and with an appetite, she was at the end of five weeks, discharged from the hospi-
tal. A fortnight afterwards, having continued the remedies prescribed, she pre-
sented herself as an out-patient, when it was found that the tumor had entirely
disappeared, and the tongue had recovered its natural structure and appearance.
There are, doubtless, some swellings occasionally occurring in the tongue
which are of a comparatively innocent nature, and which usually give way to very
simple treatment. Professor Fergusson, in his "Epitome of Surgery," speaking
on this subject, remarks, "Sometimes it is necessary to remove portions of the
tongue for supposed scirrhous indurations or cancerous ulcers. Before, however,
resorting to mutilations of this organ, it will be well to ascertain the effect of vari-
ous local remedies and of constitutional treatment in such cases.
The mucous
membrane here sympathises in a remarkable manner with functional derangement
of digestive organs, and often, when it may be least expected, a change of treat-
ment will avert all cause of alarm." It might be thought that such was the case
in the present instance; but there was something about the appearance of the
swelling-its density and painful nature from the beginning, and its nodulated sur-
face--which led me to believe that it must either have been a true scirrhous;forma-
tion in the part, or an epithelial growth of unusual hardness (either of which
might have become equally dangerous by destructive ulceration), especially as I
was afterwards informed by the patient that an experienced practitioner in the
town where she lived had considered her disease to be of a malignant character,
and had recommended her to apply for admission into the Cancer Hospital, for the
purpose of its more effectual treatment by operation or otherwise.
The Galium aperinum, or cleavers has long been emploved as a popular rem-
edy in cancerous affections. Some years ago Dr. Wynn directed the attention of
the profession to the remarkable effects he had observed from its use in the treat-
ment of some inveterate cutaneous affections which had come under his notice,
and related several cases in the Medical Times and Gazette, which clearly showed
that it was a remedy of considerable efficacy in such diseases, and more recently
Dr. Ogle has published some interesting cases of epilepsy in which its employment
had been followed by the most successful results. Like many other recent vege-
table juices, it appears to have the power of correcting that peculiar dyscrasy of
the blood which is found to prevail more or less in all cases of cancerous disease,
whatever form it may assume, acting, I suppose, in the same manner as the same
kind of remedy seems to act in scurvy, by altering and improving the disintegrated
and broken-down condition of the blood which always accompanies that disease,
and restoring to it its natural healthy state.
I have for many years past been in the habit of employing this remedy in the
treatment of cancerous affections of different kinds in my hospital practice, and
have not failed to observe that in some cases it has seemed to favor the production
25
386
NEW REMEDIES.
of healthy granulations on the ulcerated surface, whilst in others complete cicatri-
sation has ensued, and having performed operations for the extirpation of some
tumors under these favorable circumstances, I have reason to believe that in these
instances the disease has not returned, at least to my knowledge, the patient hav-
ing, of course, persevered in the use of a remedy for a considerable time after the
operation; and although I do not consider that the remedy is capable in every case
of effecting the resorption or removal of already existing cancerous deposits, I still
believe, from what I have observed, that it has the power of suspending, or at least
modifying, in some measure, the cancerous action going on in the system, and thus
placing the patient in a more favorable position for the performance of an opera-
tion for the removal of the local disease, either by the knife or the application of
caustic. It appears to me to be quite contrary to reason to expect that an opera-
tion can be certainly, or even commonly successful, when performed while the can-
cerous action is proceeding unchecked in the system; and as, according to our
present knowledge on the subject, we are not in possession of any certain means
of arresting its constitutional progress, it is not surprising that the disease should
so frequently return, either in the part itself, in the neighboring glands, or in some
organ at a distance predisposed by some accidental irritation to become the seat of
a cancerous deposit.
That Nature occasionally exercises a power of arresting or suspending the
cancerous action in the system for a long period, and even altogether, the records
of surgery fully prove, and it is not too much to hope that sooner or later some
remedy may be discovered which may be capable of imitating the operations of
Nature in this respect, and that thus a class of cases hitherto deemed to be almost
beyond the resources of our art, may ultimately become amenable to some rational
mode of constitutional treatment.-Medical Times and Gazette, July 30, 1864.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
(Yellow Jessamine.)
ANALOGUES.-Aconite, Ethusa, Belladonna, Cannabis indica
Gymnocladus, Lachnanthes, Laurocerasus, Opium, Stramonium,
Veratrum viride, Wourari, (Chloroform.)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is likewise known by
the name of Field Jessamine and Woodbine; it is the Big-
nonia Sempervirens of Linnæus, and the Gelseminum nitidum
of Michaux and Purch. It is named the Gelsemium nitidum
by some authors. It has a twisting, smooth, glabrous stem,
with opposite, perennial, lanceolate, entire leaves, which are
dark above, pale beneath, and which stand on short petioles; the
flowers are yellow, having an agreeable but rather narcotic odor, and
stand on axillary peduncles. the calyx is very small, with five sepals;

į
GELSEMINUM SEMPER VIRENS,
(Yellow Jessamine,)
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
387
the corolla is funnel-form, with a spreading border, and five lobes,
nearly equal; stamens, five; pistils, two; capsules, two-celled, com-
pressed, flat, two-partible; seeds flat, and attached to the margins of
the valves. The berries are black.
This is one of the most beautiful climbing plants of our Southern
States, ascending lofty trees, and forming festoons from one tree to
another, and in its flowering season, in the early Spring, scenting the
atmosphere with its delicious odor. On account of its gorgeous yel-
low flowers, and the rich perfume which they impart, as well as the
deep shade it affords, it is extensively cultivated in the gardens of
the South, as an ornamental vine. It grows in the North as exotic.
It begins to blossom about the first of March, aud its blossoming
season lasts until the end of.May. The root is several feet in length,
with scattered fibres, and varies from two to three lines in diameter,
to nearly two inches. The internal part of the root is woody, and of
a light yellowish color, the external part or bark, in which the medic-
inal virtues are said principally to reside, is of a light snuff color,
and from half a line to three lines in thickness.
A vine, the root of which is sometimes gathered for the Gelsemi-
num, resembles it very much in appearance, though it is of a lighter
color, and the outer bark is covered with white specks or marks some-
what similar to those on young cherry or peach limbs, and the lower
part of old vines becomes rough and have small tendrils that fasten
upon the bark of trees, and which are never seen on the Gelseminum.
The bark of the vine is also more brittle, and the leaves are always
on long footstalks which are opposite, at the end of which are two
opposite leaves, almost exactly resembling the Aristolochia Serpen-
taria. The root is almost white, very tough, straight, and about the
same length of the medicinal root, and has a slightly bitter, disagree-
able, nauseous taste. I never saw any of the flowers, though they are
said to resemble the others in shape, bnt are snowy white, with a slight
unpleasant odor. The plant is called the White Poison Vine and
White Jessamine.
I am thus particular in giving a correct description of this plant,
in order that there shall be no mistake about the matter. Homœo-
pathic pharmaceutists above all others, should be scrupulously care-
ful to prepare the medicines we use in their utmost purity. The
Gelseminum, more than any other vegetable remedy, demands the
most careful preparation. It is not known to me whether the leaves
possess any medicinal qualities; but I should suppose from analogy
that they possess as much comparative power as the leaves, etc., of
Aconite or Veratrum viride. The tincture made from the flowers is
comparatively inert.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS -Tincture of the root; dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The late Dr. C. H. Cleveland, of Cincinnati,
kindly favored me with the medical history of the Gelseminum, going
back to a remote time.
"Dodonaus wrote about the White Gelseminum under the name
of "Apiana." Martholus wrote also about the plant under the name
388
NEW REMEDIES.
of "Gelsaminum," and also called it the Jassaminum vulgatis flora
albo. Caspar Baubino calls it the "white flowered Jassany." John
Quincy, author of the "Complete English Dispensatory," published
about two hundred years ago, also speaks of the White Jessamine."
(This would seem to show that the Yellow Jessamine was not
known to the Old World. A plant possessing such remarkable prop-
erties could not otherwise fail of notice. The White Jessamine is
found in America, but what its medical qualities are, save that it is
poisonous, I cannot ascertain from any authority to which I have
access.)
"A very good series of references to the modern literature of the
Yellow Jassamine will be found on page 1415 of the last edition of
the U. S. Dispensatory. My articles in the Charleston Medical Jour-
nal, 1847, page 189, and in the American Medical Gazette, Volume
IV, page 154, will give all my views of its action. I am not positive,
but feel quite sure, that the Yellow Jessamine is a native of only the
Southern States."
Dr. B. L. Hill, then Professor of Surgery in the Cleveland Hom-
œopathic College, was, in 1856, the first homoeopathist to use and
recommend it. His previous connection with the Eclectic School as
Professor of Surgery, in the Cincinnati Eclectic College, probably
led to its use by him. The first notice of it in homoeopathic litera-
ture was made by the late James W. Metcalf, M. D., of New York,
in Volume III, of the North American Journal of Homœopathy.
Dr. J. S. Douglas noticed the drug in the appendix to Dr. Hill's
"Domestic Practice," about the same time that the attention of the
profession was called to it by myself in the above named journal.
Dr. Douglas soon followed by a fragmentary, but suggestive proving,
in the first volume of the United States Journal of Homœopathy.
About the same time I wrote a lengthy article on the "Use of Gel-
seminum in Fevers," for the forthcoming numbers of "Peters' Prin-
ciples and Practice of Homœopathic Medicine," but at this date it
has not yet appeared. Dr. Peters has, however, noticed the remedy
in Vol. I, No. 3, page 212, of that work.
Dr. J. C. Morgan, of Illinois, communicated a partial proving to
Dr. Shipman, who published it in the April number, 1861, of his
Journal of Materia Medica.
TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS.-We do not find any well authenticated
report of any case of fatal poisoning from the use of Gelseminum,
and do not know, therefore, what pathological changes it produces in
the human body.
Case 1.-This is said by King to be the first known case of poi-
soning by Gelseminum, and that by it the plant was first brought
into notice. "A planter on the Mississippi, while laboring under a
severe attack of bilious fever, which resisted all the usual remedies,
sent a servant into his garden to procure a certain medicinal root and
prepare an infusion ofit fo him to drink. The servant by mistake
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
389
collected another root, (the Yellow Jessamine,) and gave an infusion
of it to his master, who, shortly after swallowing some of it, was
siezed with the following-
Symptoms :-Complete loss of muscular power; was unable to
move a limb, or even to raise his eyelids, although he could hear and
was cognizant of circumstances transpiring around him. His friends,
greatly alarmed, collected around him, watching the result with
much anxiety, and expecting every minute to see him breathe his
last. After some hours he gradually recovered, and was astonished
to find that his fever had left him."-(King's Dispensatory.)
In this case no treatment was reported to have been given, yet
the man recovered perfectly, besides being rid of an obstinate fever.
No one can compare the above symptoms with those of Catalepsy,
without remarking the striking resemblance. It ought to prove a
specific for that malady.
Case 2.-Several deck hands of a steamer on the Mississippi
river, tapped a barrel of tincture Gelseminum which they supposed
to be whiskey. All who drank of it were more or less affected.
The symptoms were about the same as in case 1. It was reported
that two out of these three died, but Dr. H. H. Hill, who was
present, says they were saved by the employment of Quinine and
Capsicum, in large doses, aided by external stimulation.
He makes the following report of these cases: "In the sum-
mer of 1853, late in June or early in July, I had five barrels of
tincture of Gelseminum shipped from Vicksburg, ississippi. The
boat grounded on a sandbar, on the Ohio river, near night. I hap-
pened to see the barrels on deck, they having been taken out of the
hold in shifting freight. I requested the mate to have the barrels
lowered again as they contained medicine, and it was not safe in
case the hands should get at them. The next morning another
boat made its appearance, and the captain told us we had better
get aboard of that boat, as it was of light draught. As we were
getting aboard I heard two physicians say to the captain that
some of his men had been drinking alcohol or some poison, and
two or thre of them were about dead. They told the captain to
give them an emetic. Being well convinced of what they had been
drinking, I told him not to do so, as they were already too much
relaxed, and that they needed stimulants. During the night,
they had opened a barrel and drawn a bucket full, as I learned
from the men, and had drank it from tin cups, it was supposed
from half a pint to a pint each. They looked very much like
390
NEW REMEDIES.
dead men, their eyes were closed; circulation very feeble; no
pulse perceptible; and breathing so low that it could hardly be
perceived at all. Two of the men were taken on board the
other boat, and the other three were left. I went up the river
with the two men and gave them stimulants, and in less than
two hours they were able to walk. They recovered. When I
got to Louisville, I learned that there was a statement in the
Louisville Journal that it was supposed that the three men who
were left behind were dead, they having been left in an apparently
dying condition. Some three days afterward the boat got up, and
another statement appeared in the paper that stimulants had been
given to them and they had recovered.
Case 3.-A lady aged 24, suffering from Typhoid Pneumonia,
took ten drops of tincture Gelseminum; in an hour, eleven more;
and in two hours after, twelve drops. Shortly afterwards appeared
the following-
Symptoms:—She could not see any one in the room, although
persons stood close by the bed. Her eyes were wide open, pupils.
dilated, pulse regular and full, skin natural and healthy in color,
feet and hands cold. She seemed to know all that was going on;
described her symptoms; said she felt faint; felt as though her
blood had ceased circulating, and that her head felt very light.
Treatment. She was given a teaspoonful of Aromatic spirits of
Ammonia in water, and repeated in fifteen minutes. At the expi-
ration of half an hour, she said she felt perfectly well, complained of
no pain whatever; the fever was subdued, and in four days she
was quite able to rise from her bed.-(Dr. Lungren, of Frank-
lin, N. C.)
Case 4.-Dr. B-
a practicing physician in one of the
upper counties of Georgia, while suffering from a severe nervous
toothache, took what he guessed was about thirty drops of the
tincture.
Symptoms.—In ten minutes he said, "I cannot see you.” His
eyes were wide open, pupil dilated; pulse eighty to ninety. He
attempted to walk, and staggered like one intoxicated. (He was
immediately given a dose of Ipecac, as an emetic.) He wrote with
a pencil on paper, for he could not speak, "I am very sick, wish
to vomit but cannot." In a few moments he vomited, but the
discharge passed through his nostrils. His hands and feet became
icy cold, pulse regular, eighty to ninety.
Treatment.-Warm bricks were applied to his feet, his hands
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENSIRENS.
391
.
?
and ankles were chafed; strong Aqua Ammonia was placed to his
nose, and upon his chest. In an hour he was able to speak. The
next day he complained of being very faint; took aromatic spirits of
Ammonia, and the next day rode home, a distance of twenty-three
miles. It is needless to say the toothache left him -[Ib.]
Case 5.-A convict in the N. H. State Prison swallowed one-
and-a-half ounces of the fluid extract, with intent to poison him-
self. The effects were, great prostration, nausea and vomiting, di-
lated pupils, inability to speak or move, coldness of the surface, feeble
pulse, etc. The effects passed off, with proper antidotes, in about
twenty-four hours.-Dr. Pattee, in Tilden's Journal.
In this case we observe nausea and vomiting, which is a rare
effect of the drug.
Case 6.-"In one case, a lad of twenty seven years of age
swallowed six fluid drachms of the tincture without any permanent
injury."-(Dr. King.)
Case 7.-"Ten to fifteen grains of the bark," says Dr. Tully, "has
been known to kill a person twelve years of age." He does not
record the symptoms.
ANTIDOTES.-Unless the person is seen immediately after the
drug is taken emetics, it is said, are not safe or advisable, on
account of the additional prostration they may cause. In fact, none
but the most stimulating emetic substances would have any effect
upon a stomach paralyzed by a large dose of Gelseminum. Proba-
bly, the best emetic remedy is mustard, a teaspoonful of the ground
seed in half a cup of warm water. Ammonia is a valuable anti-
dote to the prostrating effects of the drug, as also are Quinine,
Capsicum and Brandy. Dr. King states that a piece of common
coarse salt, about the size of a pea, chewed and swallowed, will
produce a restoration in five or ten minutes in many instances. A
spoonful of salt and water may be given, if the patient be too weak
or insensible to chew it. Electro-magnetism is a powerful antidote
to its paralyzing influence. In bad cases it should be persevereingly
used. A strong preparation of Xanthoxylum would prove a reli-
able stimulating antidote. The homoeopathic antidotes against the
primary symptoms of prostration, etc., are Aconite, Veratrum vir.,
Veratrum album, Arsenicum album, Secale, Chloroform, Carbo veg.,
and China. Against its specific effects on the head and eyes, Opium,
Belladonna, Stramonium, Hyoscyamus, Agaricus andSpigelia are in-
dicated in small quantities. The proper antidotes to its secondary
symptoms, convulsive, spinal, etc., are Nux vom., Ignatia, Esculus
392
NEW REMEDIES.
glabra, Cuprum, Agaricus and Æthusa. The warm bath, mustard to
the extremities, and cool applications to the head and spine would be
valuable palliative means.
PROVINGS.
For the following interesting proving we are indebted to JOHN C.
MORGAN, M. D., of Philadelphia:
I have at various times, when in health, taken a few pellets, sat-
urated with the mother tincture, dry on the tongue. No symptoms,
except some fullness of the anterior part of the head, felt within a
few minutes after each dose, and soon disappearing.
April 3d, or rather April 4th,-(i. e., being sometime after mid-
night, and just before going to bed,) took four drops of the mother
tincture on the tongue. In fifteen minutes, a stitch traversing the
eyelids on the right side, vertically; afterwards, a sense of contrac-
tion in the scalp, in the centre of the forehead. Sound sleep until 8
A. M., On rising, took again four drops; and at 11 A. M., four drops.
Insufficient stool at 10 A. M. Walking, and other exercise, easily in-
duced perspiration. Evacuation of flatulence, both ways, frequently.
At noon, slight heartburn, and pain at the cardia, whilst riding. At
8 P. M., took four drops, At 11, P. M., fine drops. Afternoon and
evening, some irritability of the right testis, and, afterwards, drag-
ging pain in the same, extending to both groins and the hypogastrium,
followed by escape of flatus and relief of the pain. At 111 P. M.,
movements of flatus in the lower bowels, slight, colic-like feeling, as
if the bowels would be moved, and eructations of wind and bland
fluid. Intense, but transient itching of small points on the face, and
at the edge of the hair, on the forehead, right side, and elsewhere
on the scalp. Itching about the elbows and forearms.
the left rectus femoris muscle, and drawing in the right calf. Sneez-
ing, followed by tingling and sense of fullness in the nose. At 12,
P. M., took six drops. Sound sleep until 7, a. M.; difficult, weary
waking.
April 5th.-After arising, took seven drops.
Aching in
General vivacity.
At breakfast, dull ache on the right side of the head; gastric oppres-
sion; had to loosen the waistbands, after which, colic-like sensation
to the left of the navel, as if a stool would shortly be passed. After
breakfast, vertiginous sensation (transiently,) followed by confused
vision, especially of distant objects; and, when turning the eyes, the
sense of sight is tardy in following the movement, things appearing
for several seconds to be blurred, and the eye remaining unfixed in
its new direction, but no sensation of gauze or film.
This symptom
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
393
attended a tardy convalescence from a fever (not treated by Gelsemi-
num except the first day,) last year, continuing for a week, relieved
by Nux vomica 3d, in part, and finally cured by Aconite 3d. It is
accompanied by a disposition to partially close the eyes, as if to steady
the balls by the pressure of the orbiculares palpebrarum muscles.
At 11, A. M., having put off the usual defecation, had a slow stool,
leaving a sensation of more remaining to be passed, and of abdominal
repletion. The visual confusion gradually wore off by night, no
more medicine being taken. Sound sleep most of the night.
April 6th.—In the morning at 8 o'clock, took of a new specimen,
five drops. General vigorous feeling. After breakfast, a good stool.
afterwards, a very marked renewal of the confusion of sight, with
heavy looking eyes. Found this symptom much less when holding a
finger vertically beyond the nose-also when either eye is closed.
When reclining, some languor and drowsiness (just before a heavy
shower). On rising, a dull pain in the occiput, and slight tendency
to throbbing in the right side of the head. Previously, (at break-
fast,) a transient and slight cutting pressure on the left side. The
confusion of sight may be compared with that produced by alcohol,
Some heat and dryness of the hands at 10, A. M. Pulse at 11, A. M.,
when sitting, 76. Afternoon, languor and drowsiness, ou reclining
for the purpose of study. Slept an hour, and on being aroused, felt
at first unwilling to move, eyes transiently bloodshot. After stirring
stirring around awhile, less languor. On lying down awhile, pulse
54 to 60; when sitting up, 64 to 68. Hands, especially the palms,
felt hot and dry. Evening, pulse 72 when sitting-always full and
strong, as usual. The confusion of sight again diminished. After
supper, a second stool, (consistent). Wakeful until after 1 A. M., with
desire to study. Earlier, pain behind the fifth rib to the left of the
sternum, from flatus-relieved by eructation. Irritation of smal
spots on the mucous surface of the prepuce, with surrounding conges-
tion. Sound sleep the last part of the night, and weary waking.
S
April 7th.-At 10, A. M., took five drops. Within a few minutes,
a stool, at first consistent, then papescent, bilious, homogeno us-pre-
ceded all the morning by flatulence. No farther symptoms. At two
P. M., took seven drops. At 3 o'clock, being in a draughty church,
felt a drawing aching about the left elbow for a quarter of an hour.
At four o'clock swallowed a dessert spoonful of red wine. Directly
after, for the first time to-day, a return of the confusion of sight. last
ing but an hour, but so extreme that it seemed that some one must
suspect inebriation. Previously, depression of spirits, with dull,
4
NEW REMEDIES.
ncertain pains in the head. Coincident with the intoxicated feeling
astralgia and colic. During the evening, colic-like pains below the
avel, extending to the testes, and caused by flatus, being relieved by
its expulsion.
April 8th.-At 8, A. M., took eight drops. Sight more or less
confused all day. At 11, cardialgia, when riding. Dullness of the
head; stool after breakfast of a deep, yellow color, (papescent.) At
3, P. M., whilst reading xciting news, a transient chilliness in the
upper half of the body, especially the back and nape of the neck.
At 11 took nine drops. At 121, rising of tasteless, semi-solid mat-
ters in the oesophagus, with flatus and a sense of something lodged
therein, slightly painful, whilst sitting at study. Sound sleep.
April 9th, A. M.-Discovered a sore pimple on the left side of the
neck. Took ten drops in water. Exciting news caused, apparently,
an urging to stool. Stool the same as yesterday.
Stool the same as yesterday. Dull pain in the
right side of the head; a transient, cramping pain in the inner part
of the thigh when walking. Eye-symptoms as before,
At 5, P. M..
took fifteen drops. In an hour, rheumatic pains in the right knee
and left side of the neck-the latter when lying down, the former
when walking-soon passed off. The confusion of sight much in-
creased during the evening. At 91, sneezing and dull headache
continual cardialgia and eructations when sitting; pulse 72. The
pimple is sore, and has an areola embracing the diameter of a pea,
quite red and inflamed. Such eruption not experienced at any other
time.
April 10th.-At 8½, took twenty-one drops in water.
Until 4,
P. M., the disturbance of sight was great; mind listless and incapable
of reflection, as after ague, with a not severe, dull headache all day,
and digging in the right ear all the afternoon. At 9½, a soft, bilious
stool, preceded by threatenings of diarrhoea-the latter renewed at
noon by exciting news, and afterwards in walking; and also, while
walking a feeling in the knee joint, as if the relation of the bones
were deranged, and they did not fit, as in partial luxation. Several
times during the day, saliva was found colored yellowish as if by
blood; and all the latter part of the day, bad, sour, spoiled taste and
breath, with frequent need to rinse the mouth or spit. Light, whitish
coat on the tongue. Contractive sensation in the right side of the
neck at 5 o'clock. Afterwards, noticed the headache in the top of the
head whilst writing; afterwards in the left occipital region, directly
on both sides, and upper cervical region, and again on the top, and
then in the left side-all whilst engaged in writing a few minutes.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
395
Afterwards, a settled, dull, dragging headache, mainly in the occiput
mastoid and upper cervical region, extending to the shoulders, re-
lieved while sitting by reclining the head and shoulders on a high
pillow. Early sleep after supper. When roused, some headache still;
mind composed and clear, (111, p. m.) After writing awhile, pulse
64 to 68; palms of the hands dry and heated, as also the lips.
April 11th.-No medicine. Perceived two more pimples, one at
the right corner of the os hyoides, the other at the left anterior tem-
poral ridge above the brow. Near noon, while sitting, a stitch in
the external auditory meatus; afterwards, aching at the left anterior
part of the trapezius muscle, (in the neck,) when leaving a warm
room. Threatenings of diarrhoea. Stool, after breakfast, same as
yesterday. Painless redness about the orifice of the urethra; slight
affection of the sight during the forenoon. During the night sat up
a long time with a very sick patient, sleeping five hours upon some
hard chairs. Rode home before breakfast, (8½, A. M.,) and, as usual
after exercise without breakfast, had headache on the right side,
with occasional throbbing after exertion. After breakfast, a tea col-
ored stool, more consistent. Slept several hours; afterwards, head-
ache better, but renewed by exertion. Another pimple, sore to touch,
at the left side of the larynx; the first one less sore, like a small
cutaneous induration. These are like minute furunculi, but thus far
no suppuration. During the afternoon, mental and bodily inactivity.
At supper-time, going to a warm room after writing, felt thirst, lan-
guor and aching in the sacro-iliac and lumbar regions, and the lower
part of the left thigh, as when a fever is commencing. Felt the pains
more while eating. After moderately partaking, experienced sud-
den satiety. Felt pretty comfortable after taking hot tea, but some
pains and headache still. After writing for a few minutes, cramp
like pain in the bend of the right elbow while walking.
tinued, during the evening, in the left thigh and knees.
tempted a stool; much wind only passed. Headache
sitting, as at other times. Dreamy sleep, and early waking.
Pains con-
Colic. At
ceased by
April 13th-Renewed semi-lateral headache, (slight). Deep
yellow, soft stool after breakfast. First pimple the sorest, the others
less so.
April 14th.-Tingling in the nares. Sudden catch or twist on
the inside of the patella, when sitting down to breakfast. Afterwards
bloody mucus in the nose. Tea-colored, semi-solid stool.
April 15th-The pimples disappearing; continued semi-lateral
headache caused, doubtless, by the exciting news o the day. Stools
396
NEW REMEDIES.
bilious. No characteristic symptoms farther, except duplications of
the above, for some days; the diet being careless, and the mind dis-
turbed by the news of the time, impairihg farther accuracy."
("This proving," writes Dr. Hering, "is the best yet made of Gel-
seminum.")
DR. JOSHUA STONE'S PROVING.
He proved the Gelseminum at my request, and made it the sub-
ject of his inaugural thesis."--(Neidhard.)
The prover, Joshua Stone, is twenty-seven years of age; has black
hair and light complexion. He is strictly temperate in his habits of
life, using no intoxicating drinks of any kind, no coffee, tea, or tobacco.
He is subject to occasional attacks of indigestion, and suffers much
from cold hands and feet. Otherwise he enjoys very good health. I
will give his proving in his own words:
On the 21st of November, at 10 o'clock, P. M., I took six drops of
the mother tincture in water, made from the flowers of the Yellow
Jasmin.
Nov, 22.-During last night was quite restless, and much annoyed
with unpleasant dreams. During the day distracting pain in occi.
pital region, much aggravated by movement, especially on bending
the head downward. This pain was much increased towards evening.
Nov. 23.-Experienced dull pain in the head and extremities. At
10 o'clock P. M., took ten drops of tincture.
Nov. 25, 26, 27, 28, no symptoms.
Nov. 29.—Took 50 drops of tincture at 10 P. M.
Nov. 30.-During the night was very restless, with unpleasant
dreams after midnight. Dull pain in the bowels which had become
quite severe towards morning. Pain of a similar character in several
of the lower lumbar regions. Dull, heavy pain in region of occiput.
Involuntary emission of semen without an erection. Urine much
increased in quantity. Ten o'colck ▲. м., dull pain in left humeral
region, also in lower extremities-these are deep-seated in the mus-
cles. Have felt chilly all day, particularly in the morning.
Dec. 1.-Dull, aching pain in the back, particular y in lumbar
and sacral regions, which came on about 3 A. M. Also similar pains
(deep-seated) in upper and lower extremities, and joints generally.
Yellowish white fur on tongue. Sensation as if something wanting
in epigastric region. Emission of semen without an erection. All
the pains are much aggravated by heat of bed, and all much worse
after midnight, The pains spoken of above continued during the
day, but in a much less degree. In evening eyes felt quite sore, and
as if there was some foreign substance irritating the conjunctiva.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
397
Dec. 2.-Very restless during the night, especially towards morn-
ing. Rheumatic pains in bones and joints of extremities, and in the
back, as the night previous. Also pain in bowels towards morning,
Headache of a dull, aching character in occipital region, occasionally
extending to the os frontis. At night eyes quite sore; not much pain,
but merely soreness with sensitiveness to light and lachrymation.
Slight chills during the day.
Dec. 3.-Awoke about 3 or 4 A. M., with severe pain in both upper
extremities; seemed to be deep-seated in muscles. The pains were
most in left arm and fore-arm, and in calves of both legs. General
restlessness, with chills in morning after breakfast. Rather dull and
stupid for some days, with disinclination to conversation. This was
remarked by my friends, who knew nothing of my taking medicine,
Dec. 4.-Rheumatic pains in extremities, After breakfast experi-
enced a dull, aching pain in head in region of occiput, which increased
in severity as the day advanced. At 10 o'clock a. M., I went to the
Penn Hospital, where I saw a number of severe wounds. I am not
usually affected very much by the sight of wounds, but to day, that,
or something else, caused some very unpleasant sensations, which
were as follows: I became very weak, and my friend remarked that
I was very pale, accompanied with slight nausea and trembling of
lower extremities. These continued some ten minutes, but disap-
peared on going into the open air. Headache continued to increase
in severity until after dinner, when it was much less severe; but
about 4 o'clock the pain again returned, and was more severe than
before, and seemed to increase in severity until in the evening, when
it became excruciating, accompanied with slight nausea.
The pain
seemed slightly mitigated by shaking the head, but the relief thus
obtained was not marked. I also felt quite chilly. Went to bed
about 9 o'clock, but the recumbent position did not mitigate the pain
at first. I, however, succeeded in getting sleep from about 10 to 21,
when I awoke with most intense aching pain in the left frontal region,
and extending to the right occipital region, and occasionally over
almost the entire head. This continued about one hour, and then
left me entirely. After which I experienced a dull, aching pain in
the umbilical region, which continued until I got up. Deep-seated
aching pains in muscles of extremities, relieved by motion. After
breakfast had a sharp, shooting pain from right shoulder to dorsal
vertebra.
Dec. 8. During last night the pains, as heretofore, in the extremi-
ties, which came on mostly after midnight. These pains were also
398
NEW REMEDIES.
continued during the day, but in a much less degree. Some head-
ache, as before, in the occipital region. Palpitation of muscles of
abdomen, which continued about three minutes. Dull pain in lower
lumbar and sacral region.
Dec. 6. During the night pains in extremities, much as usual,
particularly in fore-arms and calves of legs, also in elbow and knee
joints. All symptoms of extremities were similar to those experi-
enced as before, but were less severe.
Dec. 10-Early in the morning sharp, shooting pain in last pha-
langeal joint of right thumb. Have experienced dull pains in muscles
of right arm and shoulder, and some of the time in left arm and lower
extremities.
3 P. M.,
6 P. M.,
Dec. 11. Slight pains in extremities during the night.
experienced a sharp, shooting pain in the calf of right leg.
sharp pain in right wrist. 7 r. M., dull pain in left thigh and under
scapula of left side. 7 P. M., severe aching pain in left elbow. Have
experienced dull pains of a shifting character all day.
Dec. 12.-Symptoms of last night
slight pains in muscles of extremities.
were not prominent; some
During the day felt extremely
dull and stupid; but little pain in muscles of extremities. Dull pain
in head in the region of occiput. 9 P. M., pain in right wrist of dull
character, with great weakness of the same.
Dec. 13.-Pain in wrist less severe, but quite weak.
Dec. 14.-No symptoms.
Dec, 15.-No symptoms.
Dec. 16.—10 P. м, took fifty drops of tincture.
Dec. 17.-During the night very restless. During the day ten-
dency to headache on movement, particularly on going up stairs.
Slight pain in left hypochondriac region,
Dec. 20.-About 11 A. M., severe aching pain in occipital region
for a few moments. Very dull and stupid, with aversion to study.
DR. HENRY'S PROVING.
The following symptoms were obtained by Dr. Henry, of Mont-
gomery, Alabama, and were forwarded to Dr. C. Neidhard.
April 3.-I took 30 drops of the tincture. The first symptoms
felt were pains over the whole top of the head, extending back to the
occiput, with a general dizziness and disagreeable pain in the whole
head. Pains of shooting character in the frontal sinus, extending to
the eyes and jaws. The pain in the eye is of a pricking character,
extending from the bridge of the nose to the eye. Pains deep in the
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
399
left eye, extending from above downwards. Paroxysmal pain in the
left lower extremity. Violent shooting pain in the leg, which comes
on in paroxysms; every one is more violent. The pain is half way
between the knee and ankle. Pain in hip of left side, confining itself
to the joint; it at times extends to the outside of the thigh. The
pain is of a drawing, sharp character, and much worse on motion.
Pain in little finger and the one next it. Pains in left foot and ankle,
with spasmodic contraction and drawing pains in the toes. Pains in
the neck, which confine themselves to the upper part of the sterno-
cleido mastoid muscles directly back of the parotid glands. On the
right side pain extends from the last back tooth up to the temple.
Short, paroxysmal pain in the superior part of the right lung; on
taking a long breath it sticks from above downwards. The pain in
the lungs is one of the most prominent symptoms. Rumbling and
rolling in the abdomen, with emissions of flatus above and below.
Periodical pains in the abdomen, with yellow diarrhoea coming on in
the evening. Pain in the left iliac region. Bowels loose, but great
difficulty to discharge anything. There seems to be great strength
in the sphincter muscles. Yellow coat on tongue.
April 5.-Took 30 drops of tincture. Experienced pain over the
whole top of the head, extending back to the occiput. General dizzi-
ness, and disagreeable pain in the head. Melancholy and despond-
ing mood. Pains of a shooting character in the frontal sinus, extend-
ing to the eyes and jaw. Pain in the eyes is of a pricking character,
extending from the centre to the angle. The pains seem to wind
round the right eye. Pain extending from the bridge of the nose to
the eye. Deep-seated pain in the eye of left side, extending from
above downwards. All these symptoms were felt with more violence
than at first. Spasmodic pain, extending from the inner condyle of
the right arm to the axilla. A smoky appearance before the eyes,
with pain above them. Total blindness ensued in a very short time
after taking the 30 drops, with violent dizziness. A band-like pain,
which surrounds the head, with shooting pain in each jaw and parietal
bone. Pain in left side of head, extending from the prominence of
the parietal bone to the mastoid process of the temporal; it is peri-
odical in its nature. Periodical pains in the pectoral muscles. Gen-
eral symptoms were: chilly sensations over the entire body, appear-
ing on the same day; complexion yellow, also the eyes; complete
prostration of the system with emaciation.
Dr. Henry remarks, that the remedy was taken for one week, the
dose being gradually increased each day.
400
NEW REMEDIES.
PROVING BY MR. BIGELOW.
Mr. Franklin Bigelow, aged 24; sangui-nervous temperament.
Took twenty drops of tincture of Gelseminum nitidum. Eight days
after taking it, experienced a sensation of heaviness and oppression.
of the head. Severe and oppressive pains in the forehead and vertex.
Headache very distressing. Gloomy, and indisposed to exertion of
any kind. Became tired and greatly exhausted very easy. Headache
comes on after dinner, and continues till evening. At the same time
excessive drawing, contracting and crampy pains in the lower limbs,
extending from the thighs to the toes. The pains seem to proceed
from the bones as well as the muscles. Excessive crampy pains in
the whole right foot. During,`and after a walk, the symptoms are
much aggravated. It seems as if the limbs could not be made to
move another step. When the pains are felt above the knee, they are
not felt below, and vice versa. Excessive drawing and contracting
pains in the gastrocnemius muscle of the left leg. The other pains
in the limbs all abate while sitting. This does not. No position
seems to relieve it. Drawing and aching pains, which seem to come
from the bones. Heaviness and feeling of weight in the limbs. But
little inclination to sleep. When it does come on, dreams very much
of business, etc. Eyes much inflamed and weak, with great flow of
tears at intervals.
Mr. Bigelow did not record the symptoms at first, as they were so
small he did not think them worthany thing. He, however, conclud-
ed that those above were not to be trifled with, and consequently
recorded them.
•
Prof. Paine (Eclectic) reports the following fragmentary proving* :
"A student of mine, who by mistake swallowed two grains of
Gelsemin, experienced the following symptoms: Two or three
minutes after taking the Gelsemin, he felt a strange sensation in
the head, and an involuntary closure of the eyelids took place. In
two or three minutes more this paralysis appeared to extend to all
portions of the body. He attempted to walk, but fell immediately to
the floor; whenever he attempted to move, he felt a peculiar, strange
sensation in the head; and upon lying perfectly quiet, although he
was about entirely powerless, he was conscious of everything around
him. He had neither nausea or vomiting, nor was there any disturbed
condition of the stomach or bowels. His respiration was at first hard,
but in a few moments it became slow and somewhat difficult.
circulation was sluggish, and the pulse exceedingly feeble.
* Concentrated Medicines, p. 53.
?..
His
His
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
401
extremities became cold, and in the course of fifteen or twenty min-
utes the surface was completely immersed in a cold perspiration. He
was restored by the use of half-grain doses of camphor, large doses
of brandy, and an emetic of sulphate of zinc. After his partial
recovery, he experienced, for several days, a feeble, lanquid, debili-
tated state of the muscular system; he also passed large quantities
of urine, and was troubled with tenesmus and some bloody discharge
from the bowels." [Dr. Paine recommends it highly in dysentery.
See "Bowels."]
GENERAL EFFECTS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Nerves of Sensation.—Gelseminum does not exert the decided
and specific effect upon the nerves of sensation that we witness from
the effects of Aconite. It causes none of the numbness, tingling,
prickling and crawling sensations which mark the action of that poison.
The pains which may be caused by gelseminum are not, in my
opinion, caused by a primary affection of the nerves of sensation,
but depend upon a certain morbid condition of the nerves of mo-
tion. Such pains are caused by cramp-like contractions of muscles
and tendons, constricting certain nerves or blood vessels, or they
may arise as in case of Aconite, from irritation of the ganglionic
nerves about the blood vessels-many are probably congestive in
their nature, like the pains in the head and eyes. In pure Neuralgia
this remedy can be of but little service; although it may be very
useful in removing many consensual symptoms, such as excessive
nervous irritation, drawing and twitching of the muscles of the
affected parts, etc. Dr. Douglas, however, declares that "a major-
ity of all cases of Neuralgia will be promptly relieved by
Gelseminum, but it sometimes requires to be given in pretty large
doses, repeated every half hour till the pain is relieved." He
says:
"My experience does not perfectly coincide with your
remark upon the action of the Gelseminum upon the nerves
of sensation. It does not, certainly, 'cause the numbness, ting.
ling, prickling and crawling sensations' of Aconite, but in my indi-
vidual experience, it causes the pains. In my own provings, I
have frequently experienced a succession of acute, sudden, darting
pains, evidently running along single nerve branches in almost every
part of the body and limbs, sometimes so sudden and acute as to
make me start. At one time a quick succession of these acute
sudden pains coursed down the outside and front of the tibia for
over half an hour, leaving a line of considerable tenderness marking
its track. These pains, which seemed clearly neuralgic, gave me
26
402
NEW REMEDIES.
the palpable indication for its employment in this disease. And it
has certainly been successful. But while it has promptly cured
some distressing cases of neuralgia, in which Aconite had been fully
tried without benefit, there have occurred some other cases in
which it has failed and Aconite has succeeded. What is the
explanation of this? If we suppose that in some cases of this
disease there exists a real inflammatory state of the nerve,
and in others a mere excess of sensitiveness, the explanation
is easy; Aconite cures the first, Gelseminum the last."
"In the 5th dilution, the 12th, and the 30-thousandth (Dr.
Fincke's,) it has cured neuralgia like a charm—the indications being
absence of organic lesion, with indistinct or double, (morning and
evening, etc.,) periodicity.—(Morgan.)
Nerves of motion.-Gelseminum, like Nux vom., Angustura, Æscu-
lus, Ignatia and Strychnia, does primarily affect the nerves of motion,
but in an opposite manner. It depresses and paralyzes these nerves
which they excite and irritate. But while the action of Gelseminum
differs from that of Strychnia in this respect, in another it affords a
remarkable resemblance. Both cause hyperæmia of the spinal mar.
row, which may increase to actual engorgement or extravasation.
This condition is not brought about as soon by Gelseminum as by Nux
vomica, but the condition when obtained has very nearly the same
results. But while the active congestion of the spinal marrow caused
by Nux vomica is accompanied by an exalted and tense state of the
motor nerves, even to tetanic spasm, the passive congestion of Gel-
seminum is a condition directly opposite to tetanus. Gelseminum
may cause death by prostrating and exhausting, primarily, the ener-
gies and vital power of the nerves of voluntary and involuntary mo-
tion. While Strychnia, Nux vomica, etc., would produce death from
the same cause, but the fatal prostration would be secondary; the
exhaustion being preceded and caused by the primary irritation and
spasmodic irritation of those nerves. Gelseminum may also cause
death by congestion and apoplexy of the brain and spinal marrow.
Nux, Ignatia and Strychnia may also cause death by producing such
a congested condition of the spinal cord and its membranes as to lead
to fatal hemorrhage into those important tissues.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The primary homeopathicity of Gel-
seminum to paralysis from loss of motion will be discussed in other
places. Its use in very many forms of convulsions may here be
alluded to. The other schools of medicine, viewing this drug as a
powerful anti-spasmodic, would see it indicated in nearly all forms of
convulsions. It has been used in both clonic and tonic spasms; in
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
403
epilepsy, chorea, hysteria, etc. I gave it in one case of severe
hysterical epilepsy: a young girl after suppressed menses, had at-
tacks every evening, lasting an hour or two, during which time so
severe was the spasm of the glottis that asphyxia seemed really to
be impending. The attacks had been every day for two weeks. Five
drops of the tincture were given at three and again at six P. M. At
seven, the usual hour, no spasm appeared, and did not appear till the
next menstrual period, when the remedy had no effect; and Assafoet-
ida, in one grain doses, every four hours was resorted to, which
brought on the menses and cured the spasms. I have treated many
cases of hysteria, from various causes, with Gelseminum, and I know
of none more generally useful.
Dr. S. A.Merrill reports the following case: George B., aged
21, had Epilepsy of ten year's standing. Premonitory symptoms,
chiefly dull feeling in the forehead and vertex, and some pain and
fullness in the region of the medulla oblongata. Gelseminum 1st,
three to four drops, four times a day. Since adopting this treatment
the improvement has been uniform and rapid. The intervals are
widening, and the paroxysms much lighter; sometimes so light as
not to be noticed by those in the same room. Whether this treat-
ment will take him through it is impossible to say, as this is my first
case treated with this remedy. I give the fragmentary experiment
for what it is worth.”
量
​Eclectic writers claim to have cured cases of Chorea with Gelsem-
inum. In the three cases treated by me, one recovered, one was
benefitted, and one, a case of year's continuance, seemed to be aggra-
vated.
In Tetanus, it would seem to be one of the most powerful anti-
pathic remedies, yet I cannot find a single recorded case treated with
this remedy. After testing the medicines homoeopathic to the disease,
like Nux vomica, Ignatia, Aconite, etc., I should resort to the Gel-
seminum with a good deal of confidence. We know that it produces
its peculiar prostrating effects, even to an extreme degree, without
causing any local lesion. Now it often happens that no material
traces of disease can be discovered either in the brain or spinal
marrow, of persons who have died of Tetanus. Dr. Gerhard declared
that of the twelve cases he examined, no lesion whatever could be
detected. Some of the secondary symptoms of Gelseminum strongly
resemble this disease.
Some months after writing the above we have the following report
from Dr. O. G. Strong: "I tried the Gelseminum some two weeks
since, in a severe case of tetanus. I gave ten drops of the mother
tincture, fifteen minutes apart. After the third dose, the spasmodic
action entirely ceased, and the patient recovered. It produced the
most satisfactory specific action of any remedy I ever tried in such a
case."
-
In Hydrophobia, also, no appearances have been found which
could account for the fatality of the disease. In this terrible malady,
Gelseminum ought to be found useful if not curative. In material
doses it relaxes all the muscles, calms the fury of nervous excite-
404
NEW REMEDIES,
ment, relaxes the glottis and prevents spasms. Why should it not
be valuable in Hydrophobia? The spasms in this disease are brief
and clonic, similar to the secondary ones of Gelseminum. The cir-
culation is much disturbed, (excited.) A dog killed with it could
not drink while under its influence. Were I to become hydrophobic,
I should take Gelseminum and "await the end."
Since writing the above, several of my colleagues have reported
to me cures of spasmodic Croup in children, made with Gelseminum,
used according to my suggestion. I have no doubt but it will prove
an invaluable remedy in that malady, named by Wood-"Infantile
Spasm of the Glottis." It is known in medical works under the name
of Laryngismus stridulus, Asthma of Millar, etc. The essential
nature of the disease is a general morbid excitability of the nervous
system, directed especially to the muscles of the glottis, which con-
tract spasmodically. It has been said to arise from irritation or
inflammation of the cervical portion of the spinal marrow, (that por
tion most irritated by Gelseminum,) the presence of worms in the
intestines, etc. From whatever cause it may arise, the Gelseminum,
if not a curative remedy, properly, will be a valuable palliative, used
in drop doses of the first dilution or mother tincture, frequently re-
peated; it must procure relief in the majority of cases, while during
the intermediate time it should be alternated with Belladonna, Hyos-
cyamus, Arsenicum or Moschus.
Dr. Henry Bradford (allopathic) communicates the following
report*:
"Some years since I had a troublesome case of Hysteria; the case
was of a lady of about 40, who had injured her health very seriously
by dosing with patent medicines. After trying a great variety of
medicines, with only temporary relief, knowing the sedative powers
of Gelseminum, I gave that a trial with complete success; and the
lady abandoning her patent nostrums, soon regained good health.
The above was seven years since, and she has been but little troubled
with Hysteria since. If she feels any symptoms of it, a dose of Gel-
seminum removes the trouble forthwith. Since her case, have used
Gelseminum for Hysteria almost to the exclusion of every thing else.
If it has gone to the extent of producing convulsions, I give chloro-
form by inhalation, sufficient to arrest the convulsions, but short of
producing anesthesia; and then administer tincture of Gelseminum,
twenty drops every hour until it produces drowsiness. Sometimes
the first dose is sufficient, and it rarely requires the third; then smal-
ler doses, p. r. n., to keep the nervous system quiet, until the exciting
cause, whatever it may be, can be removed if possible. I would say,
en passant, that I have treated three cases of hysterical convulsions
in males; one was a boy of fourteen years; the others, 22 and 30
years of age. All were, of course, of nervous, excitable temper-
aments."
Gelseminum is doubtless an admirable remedy in Hysteria, but it
is not at all necessary to give such massive doses. Drop doses would
*American Druggists' Circular.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
405
doubtless have been sufficient in the case reported by Dr. Bradford,
and drop doses of the first dilution, prepared from the fresh tincture,
will be strong enough in nearly every case.
Dr. Wm. S. Searle, of Troy, N. Y., in an article entitled "Notes
of the New Remedies," Vol III, Proceedings of N. Y. State Homœo-
pathic Medical Society, says of Gelseminum: Gelseminum has
direct relation to the incipient or congestive stage of cerebro-spinal-
meningitis, and also in some degree to the consequent inflammation;
while Cimicifuga racemosa is, in my judgment, homoeopathic to the
inflammation of the sero-fibrous tissues involved, and to the irritation
of the cerebro-spinal system, which is due to the proximity of the
inflammation of its investing membranes, and which manifests itself
in spasms. It seems also correlative to that state of the blood which
results in the petechiæ so common in the severe cases of the disease,
and, to use the post hoc propter hoc argument as cumulative and con-
firmatory, I may say that I have used these remedies, relying upon
their homœopathicity with complete and uniform success.
"Let us now briefly compare the toxicology of these drugs, with
the symptomology of the disease under discussion. An attack of
cerebro-spinal meningitis is usually sudden, and is ushered in by a
severe chill, accompanied by evident congestion of the spine and
brain, with its ordinary symptoms, among which dilatation of the
pupils is, I believe, always seen. This state is followed, except in
those cases which die collapsed by reactionary fever of correspond-
ing violence. In such a condition of the system no remedy is so
homœopathic as Gelseminum. Aconite, it is true, sometimes produ-
ces similar symptoms, but never primarily causes dilitation of the
pupils; has numbness and pricking of the extremities as prominent
phenomena, and frequently causes congestion to other organs instead
of the brain. (See Taylor on Poisons and various Provings.) In
cases of poisoning by Gelseminum the universal symptoms are great
prostration, complete loss of muscular power, of vision and speech,
staggering gait, icy coldness of the hands and feet, pulse very feeble
or imperceptible, respiration labored, feeble, nausea and vomiting. All
of these symptoms are relieved by cerebral stimulants, showing what
portion of the organism feels the depressing power of the drug.
One symptom which is so prominent and constant as to be almost
characteristic of Gelseminum, is languor and heaviness of the eye-
lids; they close in spite of all the efforts of the will. No language
could more accurately describe the incipient stage of the malady
under consideration. In short, every symptom of intense congestion
to the brain and spine, and the partial paralysis which necessarily
attends it, may be found described with equal accuracy in the patho-
genesis of this drug and the diagnosis of the disease."
t
It is stated by Hale that the intense hyperæmia of the brain
caused by Gelseminum stops just short of inflammation.'
As we
have no record of post-mortem examinations in any cases of reported
death, there are no means of affirming or disproving this assumption;
but I feel confident he is in error, and that the same law attains in
toxicology as in disease, viz; that long continued congestion, espe-
406
NEW REMEDIES.
cially if violent, must end in inflammation, The only conceivable
exception is in cases where the congestion to vital organs is so over-
whelming as at once to suspend their functions, and thus destroy life.
Thus believing, I have continued the use of Gelseminum when its
characteristic symptoms were manifest, even in the inflammatory
stage of the disease. The indications which should determine its use
after inflammation has become decided, may be found in the patho-
genesis of the drug, and are quite as distinctively characteristic of
the disease when fully developed as in its inception."
Muscular System.-The most prominent of all the effects of Gel.
seminum is to induce a profound and intense prostration of the whole
muscular system. Its effects are first manifested on the voluntary
muscles, afterwards on the involuntary. No remedy so suddenly and
surely destroys the tone of muscular structure; but it acts not by
causing any disintegration or disorganization, but by impairing the
vitality of those nerves which supply it with life. This property of
Gelseminum can be made subservient to the physician in many
ways.
In cases of obstinate tonic convulsions and cramp-like rigidity,
full doses, sufficient to bring the muscular system under its pathogen-
etic action, will promptly remove such morbid conditions. There is
no danger in this method of administering the remedy, for one of the
peculiarities of its action is that there is no permanent injury done to
the tonicity of muscular structure, unless its use is long persisted in
and wantonly abused. In this respect it acts wonderfully like chlor-
oform.
Like chloroform, it will be found very useful to the surgeon, when
in cases of dislocation or fracture, reduction is rendered difficult or
impossible by a rigidity of the muscles of the part. In such cses the
system may be brought under its influence very readily. It does not,
however, give that insensibility to pain which is the prominent effect
of chloroform. It is freely used by some obstetricians in cases of rig-
idity of the os uteri, or external parts. King advises it in all such cases
as being much superior to Lobelia, as well as pleasanter, as it does
not nauseate nor cause that sense of deathly prostration so peculiar
to that drug. I have used it successfully in such cases, as well as for
those severe spasmodic pains which sometimes come on in labor. In
such instances it must be given in appreciable doses, of five, ten or
fifteen drops, repeated if required; a slight dimness of sight is a
good indication that the remedy is acting.
Dr. Moore, of Illinois, reports to me relative to the curative
action of Gelseminum in muscular pain, (Myalgia,) from great over ex-
ertion. He states that after a days fatiguing walking, such as usually
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
407
laid him up with lameness and stiffness for several days, he took
thirty drops of the common tinctureof Gelseminum. In half an hour
the peculiar weakness and pain in the limbs and muscles were ameli-
orated, and he shortly fell asleep. In the morning, much to his
surprise, he awoke feeling as comfortable as though he had not walked
so unusually the day before. He had no lameness or soreness, as
usual. This case illustrates the specific affinity of Gelseminum for
the motor nerves and voluntary muscles under their control. It
should prove one of the best remedies for acute myalgia which we
possess.
Vascular System.-Heart and Arteries-Pulse frequent, soft,
weak; so feeble as to be sometimes imperceptible; fluttering pulse,
pulse full 120; pulse slow and full, or slow and soft; sensation as
though the blood had ceased to circulate; pulse reduced from 112 to
55 in twelve hours; heart's action slow and feeble; the beats of the
heart cannot be felt; the action of the heart and arteries much de-
pressed, with cold hands and feet; chills and pains in the head.
Dr. P. P. Wells* states that from the twelfth dilution he had the
following symptoms: "A peculiar action of the heart, which had
never been experienced before; this was a sensible motion of the
heart as though it had attempted its beat, which it failed fully to
accomplish, and the pulse then each time intermitted. This occurred
at irregular intervals, and more frequently when in repose than when
in motion, the worst and most frequent attacks being in the evening,
and worst of all when lying down in bed when retiring for the night,
and these attacks aggravated by lying on the left side." These symp-
toms lasted eight or ten days. Dr. Fincke stated to me that he experi-
enced similar symptoms from a higher dilution. In Philadelphia,
Drs. Lippe, Henry, and others are using Gelseminum in the thirtieth,
two hundreth and thousandth potencies, with apparent good results;
I notice this fact, however, that they find these high attenuations cura-
tive for the primary symptoms of the medicine.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In diseases of the heart, particularly
in those in which the chief indication is to diminish the action of that
organ, Gelseminum will be found a valuable remedy. In some forms
of functional derangement it will often effect a cure. In material
doses it will alleviate those cases of excessive action of the heart
from plethora, congestion, neuralgic or rheumatic irritation, or hys-
teric palpitation.
Like Aconite and Veratrum viride, Gelseminum is not homœo-
pathic or curative in any organic affections of the heart; but like the
* American Hom. Review, Vol IV, p. 84.
*
408
NEW REMEDIES.
above named remedies and Digitalis, it is a very valuable auxiliary
in the treatment of those maladies.
It is an excellent palliative in those troublesome symptoms which
affect the head and eyes during the progress of heart disease.
The
sensation of fullness, heaviness, giddiness, throbbing, jerking, etc.,
the dimness of sight, and other amaurotic symptoms, are admirably
met by small doses of Gelseminum or its resinoid.
Fever. Within a few minutes, sometimes within two or three, a
marked depression of pulse, which becomes ten, fifteen or twenty
beats less in the minute, if quiet, but greatly disturbed by movement;
chilliness, especially along the back; pressive pain in the head, most
generally of the temples, sometimes in the occiput, at others over
the head. The chilliness is soon followed by a glow of heat and
prickling of the skin, and quickly succeeded by perspiration, which
is sometimes profuse and disposed to be persistent, continuing from
twelve to twenty-four hours. As soon as the reaction takes place
after the chill the pulse rises as much above the normal standard as
it was before depressed below it. With these symptoms is a swollen,
puffy look, and feeling of fullness of the eyelids, slimy and disagree-
able or bitter taste in the mouth, languid feeling in the back
and limbs, and sleepiness. Febrile chilliness, cold extremities,
especially the feet, heat of the head and face, with headache; pulse uni-
formly depressed and rendered less frequent, with chilliness, cold
feet, heat and pain in the head.* Have felt chilly all day, particu-
larly in the morning. (This statement regarding the pulse is errone-
ous. I have found that in both men and animals, it often increased
the rate and frequency of the pulse. Sometimes even the volume of
the pulse seemed increased, but generally it is diminished. An
explanation of this phenomenon will be found in the paragraph
Head.") Derangement of circulation, as shown in the fluctuations of
the pulse from 70 to 120; chilliness with vertigo; headache and
coated tongue; cold extremities; inclination to "hug the fire," with
chills following each other in rapid succession from sacrum to base of
the occiput.
""
Dr. M. E. Lazarus, a well-known, painstaking prover, could not
get any such prominent symptoms as recorded by Dr. Douglas. He
however, experienced a languor, with inclination to stretch, some
slight chilliness, with feeble flashes of heat. He suggests that per-
haps Dr. Douglas is very susceptible to the action of Gelseminum.
My impression would be the same, as I have given it to healthy per-
sons, in all manner of doses, yet never heard any one mention such
*Hull's Jahr.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
409
decisive symptoms as those of Dr. Douglas. Still it is undoubtedly
primarily homœopathic to the pathological conditions upon which all
real chills depend; and secondarily homœopathic to febrile conditions
or the reactions which follow those conditions. In this respect it is
somewhat similar to Aconite, and others of the same group. But it
is only a general not a particular resemblance.
Dr. J. S. Douglas writes me: "You and Dr. Lazarus remark that
you have been unable to elicit such marked symptoms in your provings
as were experienced by me. The symptoms particularly referred to are
the chills, the reactive febrile heat, with headache and sweat. Dr.
L. suggests that I am probably very susceptible to the action of this
drug. This remark suggests an important fact which has gradually
unfolded itself in my successive fragmentary provings on some sev-
enty persons, and on myself. The fact, of which I have at length
become clearly convinced, is this. The degree of chill, of febrile
reaction, of headache, and of neuralgic pains, bear a very uniform
ratio to the nervous sensitiveness of the patient. Now, my tem-
perament is decidedly nervous and sensitive. In all the subjects of
a nervous sensitive temperament, the above symptoms are strongly
marked. In those of an opposite, insensitive temperament, while
the pulse is depressed, and the extremities cool or cold, there is no
chill, or it is very slight; little or no headache, and slight febrile
reaction, and consequently little sweat. In several highly sensitive
subjects the chill has been equal to a respectable fit of the ague, the
reaction and pain of head corresponding, and the sweat profuse.
These symptoms have been most strongly developed in some female
provers of highly sensitive temperaments, by half drop doses. Some
persons seem almost insensible to its effects, One man who had
taken several drugs for proving, without any marked results, took
three teaspoonfuls in one day of the strong tincture, which I know to
be good, and reported the next day no symptoms."
(There is one form of rigors or "nervous chills," as they are
sometimes called, in which, with shivering and chattering of the teeth,
there is no sensation of chilliness. It is an irritated condition of the
nerves of motion, and is seen in hysterical subjects, or appears dur-
ing a fright or other mental emotion in healthy persons. It is often
seen during parturition, and is said to attend relaxation of the sphinc-
ter muscles. Now, Gelseminum causes just such rigors by establish-
ing similar conditions as the above, and a small dose of the tincture
will control readily such morbid manifestations.)
Dr.P.P.Wells says, "We feel warranted in predicting that the class
410
NEW REMEDIES.
of fevers to which Gelseminum will be found related, is that based on
blood dyscrasia, with a tendency to decomposition of its hæmatine
and globules, or to fevers of a miasmatic origin, which Aconite sel-
dom or never is."
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In Simple Fever, without functional
disturbance, Dr. Douglas declares it to be specific; given at the out-
set of any fever of simple, uncomplicated character, it will undoubt-
edly arrest it very promptly. It seems peculiarly adapted to the fevers
of children and sensitive women, while Aconite and Veratrum viride
are more applicable to adults of robust and rigid constitutions.
Fever from cold; coming on in the evening, with flushed crimson
face, restless sleep. In a boy of ten years, Aconite had made no impres-
sion. Relief of the symptoms permanently in about half an hour.
Dose, six pellets of the 6th dilution, "every half hour." Two doses
sufficed. (Morgan.)
Case.-Remittent Fever, uncomplicated. A soldier of 40 years
had had fever steadily for upwards of twenty-four hours, but with
remission in the morning. Flushed, crimson face, (a striking charac-
teristic,) rheumatic pains, pulse full and frequent. Six pellets of the
6th, every half hour. Cured.—Morgan.
In the so-called Irritative Fever it will be found a valuable rem-
edy. It is more capable of meeting the majority of the symptoms of
that malady than any remedy which I have used. It corresponds
with the excessive nervous irritation; the tendency to irregular con-
vulsive action; the periods of wakeful debility; and the accessions
of feverish stupor. In cases, however, complicated with hepatic or
gastric difficulties, it will have to be aided by Mercurius, Podophyl-
lum, Ipecacuanha, or Iris versicolor. Should the lungs be implicated
it might answer alone, but Phosphorus, Bryonia, or Tartar emetic,
will be of service. If the bowels are affected, Pulsatilla, Mer-
curius or Chamomilla, may have to be given, although some of the
provings seem to indicate that Gelseminum affects the intestinal
functions. Wood, with doubtful propriety, classes infantile remittent
as well as worm fever, with irritative fevers. There may be some
general affinity, as Gelseminum has proved useful in each. Since I
have treated infantile remittents with this remedy, I have conducted
them safely through their course with better satisfaction than before.
Dr. Neidhard reports the following case: A child, aged ten, was
cured by Gelseminum, first dilution, two drops every four hours, of a
kind of bilious fever, characterized by the following symptoms: Gid-
diness, dull, aching pain in the forehead and over the eyes. She
cannot concentrate her mind on any one thing; cannot read; is very
irritable; very thirsty, and has slight chills, followed by much fever;
extreme weakness. Was completely cured within eight days.
Dr. R. Ludlam, in his article on the "Therapeutics of Infantile
Remittent Fever," says: "Excepting the Aconite, there is certainly
no remedy with which the profession is at present familiar which
*North American Journal of Homœopathy.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
411
promises so much as the Gelseminum, in the treatment of this variety
of the remittents of infancy and childhood."
"From personal observation (and these hints have their origin in
this source only,) we should be inclined to recommend Gelseminum
in those remittents which are primarily characterized by excessive
irritability and erethism, either of the general or special nervous sys-
tems. There is, perhaps, no single means which, under the various
circumstances which accompany and give good evidence of the afore-
said pathological condition, promises so much as this. We have
sometimes failed with Aconite, with Chamomilla and with Belladonna
to allay the excessive restlessness and disquiet occasioned by what
the old nurses style an 'inward fever' in a little juvenile, and at other
times have succeeded at once in its relief by a few doses of Gel-
seminum."
"This remedy appears also to be well adapted to the relief of those
attacks of this fever which border closely upon intermittents, exam-
ples of which might readily be mistaken for a masked fever of that
peculiar type. In such cases, as well as those which toward their
close degenerate into ague, in one or another of its protean forms, we
may prescribe a low attenuation of the Gelseminum with the confident
hope of success. In our hands, indeed, it has proved almost a spe-
cific for those remittents, the diagnosis of which, from a more definite
paroxysmal form of fever, was not readily made out. We have also
cured several well marked intermittents with it, but its sphere of use-
fulness would appear to lie somewhere along the boundary between
these and the purely idiopathic remittents of which we have been
speaking."
Dr. S. A. Merrill reports: "I have had several cases of infantile
remittent lately, and have given the Gelseminum with uniform and
prompt relief. The first case I had promised to be a very severe if
not fatal case. The usual remedies had no influence whatever to
arrest the disease. Gelseminum acted like magic and broke up the
fever in a few days. I gave it in the first attenuation. (1)"
"Clara Fisher, aged five. Infantile Remittent. Symptoms:
Heat and congestion of the head. Coma, delirium, stupor, deep
purple flushing of the face; sunken eyes; high fever, afternoon exac-
erbations, torpid bowels, etc. Belladonna and Aconite for two days
with no improvement. Then gave Gelseminum 1st every four hours.
Immediate and rapid improvement, after the first day, as there was
considerable pain in the side with cough; used Bryonia in alternation.
Recovery in four days from the commencement of the Gelseminum.
This is my first case of this disease treated with Gelseminum.”
"I mentioned," says Dr. Hughes, of England referring to a pre-
vious paper, "in the third place, that Gelseminum acted much better
than Aconite in the remittent fever of childhood. I continue to find
it, (in the first centesimal dilution,) the best common febrifuge in this
common disorder. It has generally been supplemented by Pulsatilla
for the gastric symptoms, and Nitric acid for the cough. The char-
acteristics of the Gelseminum fever appear to be its remittency, the
exacerbation occurring towards night, and its passing off without
412
NEW REMEDIES.
perspiration. In febrile states of adults, presenting these features, I
have prescribed the Gelseminum with perfect success.
The real value of Gelseminum in intermittents is not yet ascer-
tained to a certainty. Some homeopathic physicians, among them
Holcombe, Ludlam and Douglas, assert that it will cure agues. Hol-
combe, with characteristic boldness, gives us the following odd pre-
scription for a homeopathic one: For intermittents, with cerebral
symptoms, with hyperesthesia predominating-Sulphate of Quinine,
ten grains, Gelsemin, one grain; divide into five parts. Begin six
hours before the expected paroxysm, and give one part every hour.
Indications for use; when the paroxysm has been marked by violent
pains, referable to the cerebro-spinal, rather than the ganglionic sys-
tem, and by correspondingly intense burning fever, great nervous
restlessness, sensitiveness to light and sound, mental anxiety or agi-
tation, delirium, sleeplessness, curious sensations of falling, swim-
ming from giddiness, partial blindness or deafness, especially applic-
able to nervous, excitable subjects, and to mild, fresh cases, without
prominent gastric or hepatic symptoms, in short, before any visceral
complication has been engrafted on the nervous phenomenon."
t
(This last clause, I regard as well indicating the sphere of
action of Gelseminum in agues, but in the "indications" proper, Hol-
combe has mixed up the primary with the secondary symptoms of the
drug, which rarely appear together. The dose, however, that he ad-
vises, is very nearly of the proper quantity. Of the Quinine, I think
he prescribes altogether too much. In very similar cases, I have
succeeded admirably with one-fifth or one-tenth grain doses of Qui-
nine, alternated with one-tenth or one-twentieth grain of Gelsemin, or
two or three drops of the mother tincture. Holcombe's prescription
would undoubtedly arrest the paroxysms promptly, but it would be
apt to give rise to visceral complications, which smaller doses would
avoid, and at the same time be equally efficacious.)
Dr. Ludlam writes me-"Perhaps in the whole range of its clini-
cal virtues there is no more satisfactory and really valuable use which
can be made of the Gelseminum than in the treatment of these inter-
mittents, which might properly be styled post-typhoid. It is to this
especial form of intermittents, which succeeding upon an adynamic
condition of the system, are characterized by a want of distinctness
in their several stages, and which are of a masked type and intracta-
ble in nature that the Gelseminum has, in our experience, seemed to
be particularly applicable. We have remarked the evident tendency
in patients suffering with enteric fever, and who had but recently re-
moved to the city (Chicago) from miasmatic districts, to sequelae of
this order. Scarcely any such patient has escaped this characteristic
convalescence, and in none of those cases in which we have ordered
this remedy have we failed to witness the best results from its em-
ployment, while in years past such cases were especially perplexing
and tedious, we are free to express our pleasure in and apprecia-
tion of a means so entirely successful. These patients were all
from the Southern States."
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
413
John C. Morgan, M. D., author of a short proving in Dr. Ship-
man's Journal of Materia Medica, writes as follows:
"It seems
worthy to be called a specific for fresh cases of intermittents, and
it will even modify old cases, changing double to single tertian.
My dose is one-fourth drop in a teaspoonful of water, usually. I send
a few clinical cases."
(a) "W. S., a swarthy soldier of large frame, on going into camp,
May 11, had no blanket; slept on straw under a leaky shed;-the
night being cold, awoke early in the morning with a severe chill,—but
little shaking; fever ensued. Took at a dose ten drops common
tincture Gelseminum; fever augmented with slight delirium. Took
five drops; some aggravation. During the afternoon and evening
took fractional drop doses; no fever at night. The next day took
one-fourth drop every two hours. He had no other paroxysm."
(b) "A soldier of sanguine temperament had diarrhoea and rheu-
matic pains, with symptoms of Intermittent; took for several days
one-fourth drop tincture Gelseminum, and was cured."
cess.
Intermittent Fever-Case 1.-"In one case I had used all the
usual anti-periodics, as Cornine, Salicine, Quinine, etc., without suc-
Even after producing the constitutional effects of Quinine, the
chills would sometimes return every day for awhile, then every other
day. Thus the case continued for several weeks, until I despaired
of success with the other anti-periodics, so I determined to try the
tincture of Gelseminum. Accordingly, I left an ounce of the tincture
of the fresh root, directing it to be given in doses of thirty drops
every two or three hours, until the eyes were affected; then the med-
icine was to be suspended until that passed off, then again resumed
as before, and so on until the fever was broken. I saw the patient
just as the chill was gone off, and commenced the tincture of Gelsem-
inum immediately. The fever did not rise very high, nor continue
long, nor did the chill ever return. The patient recovered from the
time he commenced the medicine, and was soon up at his usual avoca-
tion. Now, what still more astonished me was, that the medicine
never affected his eyes in the least, yet it suspended the chills imme-
diately. I had frequently combined the tincture of Gelseminum with
the other anti-periodics before and met with very prompt success, yet
I attributed it to the other articles; but this time I determined to
try the Gelseminum alone."-[Sensible!] (Dr. Goss, Eclectic Med. J.
Case 2. Nov. 4.-Intermittent Fever (tertian type). Has been
affected six months; has pain in the head, and pains over the body,
when he has no chill; tongue not much coated; other symptoms com-
mon to the disease. Treatment-Alkaline bath once a day; tincture
Gelseminum, one-half dram three times a day. Nov. 17, discharged,
cured.-Newton's Clinical Reports
The above are the only two published cases of Intermittents
cured by this medicine alone. Very many cases are reported of pre-
tended cures by Gelseminum; but, as it was always given mixed
with Quinine, Hydrastin, or other drugs, no reliance can be placed
upon the reports.
414
NEW REMEDIES.
Dr. Holcombe writes me that the Gelseminum was the basis of
several celebrated patent medicines, noted at the South for the cure
of remittent and intermittent fevers; that it certainly was the prin-
cipal ingredient in "Speed's Tonic," which at one time was consid-
ered an unrivalled febrifuge, but, failing to cure those cases attended
with organic complications, it fell into disfavor, although it is still
used by many people in the South. "From large doses I have seen
blindness, partial deafness, singular torpor, stupidity of feeling, ina-
bility to open the eyelids and nervous prostration; such symptoms as
would follow a state of nervous excitement, or hyperesthesia. In
small doses I have found it valuable in the opposite condition. I class
it with Aconite, Belladonna and Chamomilla. I have used it in the
summer months for weeks at a time, as I would Aconite. I believe
that in addition to its febrifuge power, it has a specific anti-periodic
influence."
Dr. James B. Bell gives the following as the characteristic symp-
toms of the Gelseminum in fever :* "Fever without thirst; wants
to lie still and rest, particularly with inflamed tonsils, beginning on
the right side.
Dr. Douglas praises the Gelseminum in drop doses very highly in
simple, uncomplicated Intermittents, when indicated by the symp-
toms, and speaks of having met with much success in its use. Dr.
Ludlam has cured several well marked cases of Intermittent fever
with the low dilutions. Several of my colleaghes report cases of
Ague, successfully treated with Gelseminum. I have used it fre-
quently in Intermittents, and have succeeded in some severe cases
in curing the disease after it had been arrested with Quinine, but
showed an obstinate tendency to return. These cases were reported
in full in the August number of the North American Journal of Hom-
œopathy for 1861. It can be used both during the Apyrexia, and in
the paroxysm. In larger doses during the former state, than during
the latter. It will be found to control the painful nervous sensations
which arise during the fever, better than Aconite, if indicated. An
Eclectic physician, engaged in a large practice in the State of Ohio,
informed me that except in severe congestive cases, he relied alto-
gather upon Gelseminum to break up the paroxysms of fever and
ague. He stated, however, that he always gave a sufficient quantity
to cause almost complete blindness during the apyrexia. I hardly
doubt the veracity of my informant, but I suggested to him that he
might break the patient as well as the ague. He had no fears of the
result however.
"
Harry McK-, aged five years. Tertian Intermittent Fever.
At 1 P. M., chill-one hour; Fever, five hours, very hot with delir-
ium, jerking of the limbs, violent headache ; aching in one leg. Gel-
seminum, two doses, with interval of twelve hours. Next day,
(the regular period,) had a paroxysm at half past eleven, A. M., six
and a half hours after the last dose-had diarrhoea in one hour after
the dose; two stools; colic-like; prostrated. Sac lactis. At the
*Hahnemannian Monthly, Vol. I, page 183.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
415
next period fever strong, headache worse, eyelids swelled but not
jerking; delirium the evening previous; pain between the shoulders.
No more diarrhoea. Paroxysms at half-past ten, A. M.; went to sleep
at eleven; remained without paroxysm, lively, etc., four days. Then
light chill one-half hour from eleven, A. M.; Fever until six, P. M.;
colic; irregular stool. Sac lactis. One week after this reported
paroxysms every other day were very mild, and were growing
lighter each time. Sac lactis. (Here was a chance to cause aggra-
vation by impatient repetition.) Had one more paroxysm, very light,
chills beginning in the extremities; (if beginning in the back, Capsi-
cum is the remedy according to Prof. Guernsey,) after this, seemed
weak. To take, as a prophylactic, on the 13th night and every eight
days, Gelseminum, 30th, three doses. He remained well.-Morgan."
Mrs. McK-, aged 41 years; mother of Harry. July 5th,
1865, had Tertian Intermittent Fever. No chill; Fever at ten, A. M.
Great pain in the back and thighs; (has an old prolapsus uteri,)
headache. Paroxysms subsided at nine, P. M. Gelseminum, 12, one
dose.
;
July 7th.-At five, A. M., chill without shaking-two hours.
Pains very severe; less headache; (right hypochondrium and epi-
gastrium have been very sore for eleven years.) Bowels alternately
loose and costive. Sac lactis. There was no paroxysm at the next
period, but she reported looseness of the bowels, windy colic, thirst
bad breath; yellowish, haggard face; hepatic soreness as of old;
sighing. Feels worse mornings. China, 200th, one dose. One week
later had a slight paroxysm, preceded by headache, short breath, pal-
pitation of the heart. Cactus grand, 100th, one dose, (at the end of
the paroxysm, as usual.) No more paroxysms. To take a dose of
Cactus every week, three times. Remained in her usual health from
this date.-Morgan.
Many cases of Intermittent Fever in Illinois, with chills from
fifteen minutes to two hours long, followed by heat, often with sleep,
one to twelve hours long, and afterwards, though not always, perspi-
ration for some time. The chills were not attended with much hard
shaking. The attack was ushered in with great languor and rheu-
matic, or neuralgic pains in the back and limbs, and sometimes soft
stools. Dose, mother tincture, one-fourth drop every three hours,
A young miss of thirteen years, a resident of Savannah, Ga.,
every evening after supper had fever, which gradually rose and went
off before morning, the patient continuing asleep. I gave her a pow-
der of the 6th trit. every eight hours, three doses, then after twelve
hours a fourth. There was no more fever after the first dose. I may
add that the same prescription cured many fresh cases of simple In-
termittents in my regiment, when undisturbed by other things. The
symptoms bore a resemblance to the above, but usually had some chill
in the beginning.”—Morgan.
I am not aware that any homoeopathist has advised or used Gel-
seminum in Typhoid Fever. But its pathogenesis and physiological
action has many points of resemblance to that form of Typhoid des-
ignated as Nervous Fever, i. e., when there is no intestinal lesion or
416
NEW REMEDIES.
any particular local complication. It is specifically indicated in those
cases in which the patient, from some great excitement or over-exer-
tion, suddenly sinks into a low typhoid state, with great prostration
of all the vital forces, and when he experiences strange sensations in
the head, with morbid condition of the motor nerves, manifested by
local paralysis, or continued jactitation of certain muscles. Women
are more subject to this variety than men. With the former we have
many hysteric symptoms, such as nervous dysphagia, even hysteric
spasms, sleeplessness, aberration of sight, etc.
Gelseminum should here be cautiously' given in drop doses, or
pellets of the 2d or 3d.
Dr. J. C. Morgan informs us that "low potencies, tincture, and
repetition of doses had an invariable and manifest tendency to aggra-
vate the cerebral congestion or pernicious quality, when it existed in
fevers in the army.
In the true enteric fever, I should not place much reliance on
Gelseminum. There are other remdies which pathologically corres-
pond, and are consequently more specific; among these are Baptisia,
Rhus tox., Phosphoric acid, Arsenicum, Terebinthina and Muriatic
acid.
Typhoid Fever in a child of about five years. A case reported
by Dr. Fallagant, of Savannah, Ga. "Symptoms: Nervous move-
ments every night, like spasms; 'oscillation of the eyeballs;' patient
seemed about to die. Gave one drop of a tincture, prepared a few
days previously, from the leaves and flowers, every two hours, until
the next day. Convalescence at once set in."
In Yellow Fever, Gelseminum has not been used by the homœo-
pathic school, I believe. Drs. Holcombe or Davis makes no mention
of it in their reports to our homœopathic journals. They relied upon
Aconitum, Belladonna, Arsenicum, Lachesis, and Argentum nitricum.
The eclectic and allopathic schools have used it to some extent, but
the only published report I can find relating to it is a pamphlet by
Drs. White and Ford, of Charleston, S. C. This report was entitled
the "Brady cote (whatever that may mean) treatment of Yellow Fever
by Gelseminum sempervirens." They prepared a tincture from the
fresh root, as follows: Radix Gelsemini four ounces, Alcohol (95 per
cent.) and Aqua communis, each eight ounces. To adults they gave
of this twenty or thirty drops; to children from five to twenty, every
hour for the first four hours, then at longer intervals, and with doses
half as large. Total number treated with Gelseminum twenty-five,
all of whom recovered. Of these, fifteen were males and nine
females; adults twelve, children twelve; whites twenty-two; blacks
two.
Of the whole number treated, two vomited black vomit, five
passed black vomit downward. In three cases hemorrhage occurred
from the tongue, gums, or nasal passages. One woman was in the
sixth month of her pregnancy, and did not abort. Average duration
of treatment, about eight days.
No marked prostration was caused by this remedy; the pulse be-
ing, however, much less quickly reduced than by Veratrum viride.
In few cases was the heart's action fully lowered in less than twelve
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
417
hours, and it was well controlled throughout the rest of the disease,
in the majority of cases. The concurrent treatment was the same as
with Veratrum. Mercurialization was complete in ten cases; incom-
plete in fourteen cases. In a few instances a marked redness of the
tongue was observed, a condition that was not distinctly noticed dur-
ing the administration of Veratrum. [This symptom has been often
noticed in my provings.-Hale.] The Gelseminum appeared to pro-
duce a general calming influence, even during the early period of its
administration, but was not found to possess any marked narcotic
properties. It seemed to promote the action of the kidneys, and
during its use only, in several cases, an erythema of the skin was
noticed. This drug appeared to influence the volume of the pulse,
before it affected its frequency, and in most cases for the rest of the
disease to control both conditions in an equal manner. Emesis was
not observed to ensue upon the administration of this medicine; the
gastric irritability peculiar to the disease being moreover, to all
appearances, favorably influenced. There were treated by Veratrum
viride 117 cases, of which fifteen died. Of six treated by the ordin-
ary method (without Veratrum or Gelseminum) three died.
In Scarlet fever the Gelseminum bids fair to rank with Bella-
donna. Besides being indicated in the peculiar, intense fever, with
nervous erethism, its well known action on the skin will render it of
value in impelling the eruption to the surface. It causes a peculiar
erythema which has some resemblance to the eruption in scarlatina,
as well as some forms of purpura. Its analogous relation to both
Belladonna and Aconite, strongly commends it to our favor, and if
we are to judge its curative powers from its pathological effects, it
will be found efficient alone, where the former remedies were indica-
ted. Dr. H. W. White speaks very highly of its effects in scarla-
tina. He asserts that it will control the pulse, calm the nervous
erethism, determine the eruption toward the surface, relieve pain and
lessen the cerebral congestion, in a manner superior to Belladonna or
Aconite. Cases which seemed quite formidable at their commence-
ment, soon assumed a milder character, and terminated safely. He
considers it effectual, alone, to control the majority of cases. Should
the disease assume a malignant character, Dr. White alternates it
with Ammonium carbon., Carbo vegetabilis, Muriatic acid, or Arsen-
icum. Its use should be suspended if symptoms of prostration
set in.
66
In Measles the Gelseminum appears to be specifically indicated
during the forming and inflammatory stage (the eruptive). Among
its pathogenetic symptoms we find prominent catarrhal conditions, as
chilliness, watery discharge from the nose, hoarseness, with feeling
of soreness of throat, and in the chest, cough, etc." Among its
effects upon the skin we find "a papulous eruption, very much the
color of measles, which it closely resembles, but the papulæ are more
distant and distinct. It appears most frequently upon the face.'
Relying upon these fragmentary, yet prominent indications, I have
treated several cases of rubeola with this remedy, and apparently
27
418
NEW REMEDIES.
with good results. It seemed to prevent a continuance of the cough
beyond its proper limits, and to act as a prophylactic to chronic catar-
rhal affections, bronchitis, or pneumonia.
Dr. Douglas considers it quite capable of modifying the disease
in a marked manner, when given in the first stages, after which Pul-
satilla, Euphrasia and Sulphur will be more useful. Dr. Lodge states
that he has used Gelseminum in measles, in some cases to the exclu-
sion of any other remedy, and is satisfied that it is a valuable medi-
cine in this disease.
In the treatment of Erysipelas, Gelseminum may be found of
unequivocal benefit. It is certainly homoeopathic to the febrile symp-
toms, if not to the peculiar eruption or external manifestations of the
disease; yet, Gelseminum causes an erythema, which certainly bears
a resemblance to some of the milder forms of erysipelas. It is also
homœopathic to those dangerous and often fatal congestions, or inter-
nal metastases, which often complicate the malady. I gave it in one
severe case of facial erysipelas, in alternation with Rhus. The case
progressed very favorably. Dr. Coe advises it as a topical application
"We have found the tincture," he says, "beneficial as an outward
application in erysipelatous affections. Diluted with from four to eight
parts of water, we have applied it with excellent results. The parts
should be kept covered with cloths wetted in the diluted tincture. It
abates the local inflammation, and has a very soothing and pleasant
influence."
In Variola the Gelseminum may prove as useful as Aconite and
Belladonna, in allaying the intense and painful fever which accom-
panies that disease. It has been used advantageously in Varioloid.
In all eruptive fevers, especially in children, there is a strong
tendency to convulsions, at or about the time of the appearance of
the eruption. I know of no remedy which is so likely to prevent that
unpleasant, and often fatal complication, as the one under consid
eration.
In the treatment of Rheumatic Fever, and Rheumatism generally
Gelseminum has its advocates in the homoeopathic school of the North
West, or that portion of them which have adopted the use of the
remedy.
The Gelseminum is highly praised by some practitioners, in Hec-
tic fever, and there are some reasons for supposing it to be peculiarly
adapted to that form of fever.
Venous System.-Dr, Marcy declares Aconite to be "homoeo-
pathic to intense or excessive venous congestion, with entire paraly-
sis, or depotentization of all the arterial activities, carried up to the
point of actual cyanosis." I once supposed Gelseminum to be
homœopathic to the same condition, but recent investigations have
satisfied me that Holcombe's remark is true, that "Gelseminum holds
a position midway between Aconite and Belladonna." It is rather
difficult to define exactly what this condition is, but it is certainly
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS:
419
more homoeopathic to arterial congestion than Aconite or Veratrum
viride. Still, one of the effects of Gelseminum in moderate doses,
is undoubtedly similar to Aconite, for, like it, it "depotentizes the
arterial activities."
It needs further trial and investigation to determine the exact
relation of Gelseminum to the venous system. It may be asserted,
however, that while Aconite and Veratrum viride are only homoeo-
pathic to primary passive venous congestion, Gelseminum is primarily
homœopathic to that form of intense passive congestion, of both veins
and arteries, in which an irritation of the congested organs sets in,
nearly as severe as though the congestion had been active. This con-
dition may be attended by inflammation or hemorrhage, and may end
in active arterial congestion, etc. Eclectic writers seem to be aware
of the danger of using Gelseminum in some cases. King says, "It
is contra-indicated in congestive fever, in cases where there is great
muscular and nervous prostration with relaxation, and when there
exists a determination to the brain or other important viscus."
Mucous Membranes.-There is a paucity of symptoms in the
provings of this medicine relating to its effects on the mucous tissues.
It seems, however, to irritate the conjunctiva, nasal passages, and to
some extent, the respiratory and digestive tract.
In the first edition of this work, I did not place much stress on
these symptoms-not as much as they deserve. Considerable experi-
ence with the medicine for the last three years has convinced me
that it acts on mucous surfaces in a manner not unlike Euphrasia and
Pulsatilla, and in some respects like Belladonna. The kind of in-
flammation, which it sets up in these tissues, is evidently of a catar-
rhal nature. But the character of the drug is such that its effects
seem to stop short of those muco-purulent discharges and organic
lesions, which may be caused by Pulsatilla, Sepia and other agents.
The general symptoms of Gelseminum are so similar to those which
attend the first stages of catarrhal affections, that every physician
has been struck with the resemblance, namely: The coldness, chil-
liness, debility, soreness of the muscular system, and the discharge
of thin, watery mucus.
In practice it has been found useful in acute catarrh of the
nasal and bronchial passages, and even catarrhal diarrhoea and dys-
entery.
Dr. Paine, (eclectic) who seems to be a close observer, entertains
the following views regarding the action of Gelseminum : "Another
peculiar impression I have noticed is its influence upon the capillary
420
NEW REMEDIES.
circulation of the mucous membrane in cases of congestion and
inflammation of the mucous surface. It appears to have the effect of
controlling these vessels and lessening the hyperæmia, removing the
engorgement, preventing exudation, and thereby controlling a very
important class of maladies." Dr. Paine recommends it highly in
dysentery, which he believes is "a specific form of catarrh of the
colon." He does not seem to be aware that he is using the Gelsem-
inum homoeopathically. In his own experiments, however, detailed
on a previous page, he found it to cause "tenesmus and bloody dis-
charges from the bowels." His experience with it in dysentery is
worth recording, and will be found under that head.
""
Lymphatic System.Although Coe and some other writers
crudely declare Gelseminum to be an alterative," we have no direct
proof of such action. I have never seen any indications of its action
on the glandular system, nor can I imagine any such action, unless it
be from congestion of certain large and important glands, which it
may induce.
LOCAL EFFECTS.
Mind. Irritable and impatient mood; incapacity to think or fix the
attention; confusion of mind; stupid, intoxicated feeling; dullness of
all the mental faculties; in one case great mirthfulness; inability to
concentrate the mind; depression of spirits; anxiety; incoherency
of thought. The sensorial modification consisted of a mistiness within
the brain, not much affecting the lucidity of thought, but somewhat
confusing perceptions, so that I experienced some difficulty in attend-
ing to the physical details connected with my practice. There was
at first a cheerful, careless morale, afterwards depression of spirits.
Rather dull and stupid for some days, with disinclination to conver-
sation. This was remarked by my friends, who knew nothing of my
taking the medicine. Aversion to study; melancholy and depending
mood. I found it to affect the power of concentration very materially.
I could not fix my mind on the contents of a newspaper, although the
matter was of an exciting character. I could not pursue one train of
thought for any time; ideas would vanish and leave a vacancy of
mind which was quite annoying.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. - Gelseminum is particularly recom-
mended when there is excessive irritability of body and mind, in
mental derangement with vascular excitement. No remedy is more
useful in the causeless nervous excitement of hysteric patients; or in
those feverish conditions accompanied by great restlessness, tossing.
about, sleeplessness and irritable mood. In those conditions, one or
two drops of the tincture every hour will be the most proper mode of
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
421
administration. It is indicated in those attacks of frenzy, attended
with congestion or inflammation of the brain; also in those stupid,
comatose conditions attending typhoid fever, and in a low, muttering
delirium of typhus. Here we should give drop doses of the second
or third dilution.
I have found it promptly curative in that state of semi-stupor,
with languor and physical prostration, caused by protracted night-
watching; also in that mental apathy which follows intoxication from
the use of ardent spirits.
Hysterical insensibility is much more readily controlled by this
medicine than with Opium or Cannabis indica. Hysterical catalepsy
is a similar malady, and one in which Gelseminum is primarily indi-
cated; also many other hysterical states of body and mind, while
Platinum, Assafoetida, Valerian, and Scutellaria, are secondarily
homoeopathic to similar states.
Head.-Pain in the head across the forehead; after breakfast
experienced a dull, aching pain in the head in the region of the occi-
put, which increased in severity as the day advanced; excruciating
headache, accompanied by slight nausea; the pain seemed slightly
mitigated by shaking the head, but the relief thus obtained was not
marked. Headache extending from occiput to os frontis; great heav-
iness of the head; sensation as if the brain was heavy; heaviness of
the head with dullness of mind; dimness of sight and vertigo; pain
in the head quite constant, dull, stupefying and pressive; most fre-
quently in the forehead and temples; bruised pain above and back
of the orbits; tightness of the brain; often more or less headache
with nausea; giddiness is pretty constant; an intoxicated feeling and
tendency to stagger, often with dizziness and imperfection of vision,
aggravated by smoking; heaviness, with sense of fullness of the
head, which increased to a severe headache, relieved on the third day
of the proving by copious urination, after which a pleasant languor
pervaded the system for some hours; dullness of the head with stu-
por; dry mouth, coated tongue, bitter taste; pulse full and 80;
intoxication, vertigo unto falling; sort of mistiness within the brain,
not much affecting the lucidity of thought, but somewhat confusing
perception; staggering like one intoxicated; swimming sensation in
the head; head felt very light with vertigo. He could not hold the
head erect. Pain over the whole top of the head, extending back to
the occiput; general dizziness, and disagreeable pain in the head; a
band like pain which surrounds the head, with shooting pain in each
jaw and parietal bone; pain in the left side of the head, extending
to the prominence of the parietal bone to the mastoid process of the
temporal, and is periodical in its nature; dull headache in the right
side of the head; in the morning, on rising, a dull pain in the occiput,
422
NEW REMEDIES.
and a slight tendency to throbbing in the right side of the head; head-
ache in the top of the head, in the left occipital region, then changing
to the sides and vertex; a settled, dull, dragging headache, mainly
in the occiput, mastoid, and upper cervical region, extending to the
shoulders; relieved when sitting by reclining the head and shoulders
on a high pillow. These last symptoms delineate a form of headache
very often met with, and in which Gelseminum is a specific remedy.
No remedy has a greater influence over the circulation of the blood
in the vessels of the brain. It causes hyperæmia of that organ,
But its paralyzing influence
which stops just short of inflammation.
on the great reactive forces of life, prevents that termination by des-
troying the reactive power of the system. In this respect it differs
from Belladonna, Stramonium, and Quinine.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is homoeopathic to that intense and
overwhelming congestion of the brain which often attacks children
during the period of dentition. In these cases the nervous energies
soon lose their integrity. No reaction comes on, and the patient
dies comatose, or in feeble convulsions. Owing to its primary home-
opathicity to this condition, Gelseminum should be used in the second
or third decimal dilutions, repeated every fifteen minutes.
It is also homœopathic to Coup de soliel, a condition very similar
to the above. In the so-called "brain fever" of children and adults,
it will be found beneficial in alternation with Aconite, Bryonia,
Belladonna or Hyoscyamus. In inflammation of the membranes of
the brain, it will be found a valuable auxiliary to other well known
and reliable remedies in that affection. It is homœopathic to many
varieties of headache, in which it has been successfully used both by
homœopathic and allopathic physicians. In nervous headaches, where
the pain commences in the cervical portion of the spinal column, and
spreads thence over the whole head, it will afford prompt and timely
relief. Dr. Pattee says: "Headache of the nervous kind may often
be relieved, and I have found no one medicine so useful in this troub-
lesome disease." Hemicrania, when accompanied by abnormal symp-
toms of the eyes, such as dimness of sight or double vision, or with
great sensitiveness to all sounds, will be promptly relieved by it.
The so-called nervous sick headache will generally be arrested by a
few doses of a low dilution of Gelseminum, while the true sick head-
ache, which arises from gastric derangement, will only be palliated
by this remedy; a cure can only be effected by proper diet, and the
patient use of Pulsatilla, Iris vers., Nux vomica, Podophyllin and
Sanguinaria.
Those who wish to understand the specific action of this drug in
causing and curing these nervous affections of the head, will find an
admirable explanation on page 12 of Peters' Ruckert on Headache.
Gelseminum undoubtedly causes a weakened and debilitated state of
the great sympathetic nerve; and thence arises the pain, heat conges-
tion, etc., of the head. It is primarily homœopathic to those head-
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
423
aches which come on suddenly, with dimness of sight, or double
vision, with dizziness, followed by great heaviness of the head, semi-
stupor, dull, heavy expression of the face, great muscular reaction,
full pulse, etc. Allopathists claim to cure chronic headaches of long
standing with Gelseminum.
Dr. C. Madden sends me from Australia the following case, which
comes under this heading:
I
"A gentleman was sent to me by Dr. Wheeler, of Adelaide. He
has had constant, gradually increasing headache for three or four
months; dull, heavy pain extending to the nape of the neck, fre-
quent throbbing in the temples, and vertigo on rapid movement. He
was for a long time subject to constipation, which ceased when the
headache began; and the bowels have been regular ever since.
gave Gelseminum, a drop night and morning. For thirty-six hours.
the headache markedly increased after each dose; Then a sudden
throb, like a snap, took place in the centre of his head. The headache
at once and entirely ceased, and has not since returned, but the bowels
have again become constipated."
Dr. Morgan reports the following cases:
W. W——, aged 20 months, hydrocephalic, had the measles,
which receded. Cephalic symptoms setting in, i. e., dullness of the
senses; with diarrhoea and bronchitis, gave Gelseminum in water; a
teaspoonful, every fifteen minutes. The eruption re-appeared, with
copious sweat, in one hour.
A stout boy of three years had fever, with red face and subdued
manner. Gelseminum 1st, one dose. Well thereafter.
In Coma and Apoplexy; it is homoeopathic to these disorders
when they arise from intense passive congestion, with nervous ex-
haustion, and as these are the primary conditions caused by Gelsemi
num, it must be given in very small doses. If the appoplexy depends
on active arterial congestion, in persons of tense fibre, the doses must
be larger.
I have found Gelseminum very useful against those distressing
pains in the head which often follow fever and ague. These pains are
of a cramp-like, drawing or tearing character, and are aggravated by
study or exertion. They generally occupy the region of the occiput.
Also for those sensations and pains which in some persons precede
attacks of ague, such as drawing or shooting, dull pains in the region
of the mastoid process.
difficulty of opening the
spite of him, on looking
Eyes. Great heaviness of the lids;
eyes or keeping them open; eyes closed in
steadily at an object; fullness and congestion of the lids; diplopia
when inclining the head towards the shoulder, but vision single when
holding the head erect; dryness of the eyes; misty or glimmering ap-
pearance before the eyes; pain in the orbits, sometimes excessive;
diplopia, which I could correct by an effort of the will; distant ob-
jects seemed indistinct as I rode or walked, and one evening I could
424
NEW REMEDIES.
read only with difficulty, These symptoms were characteristic, as
my sight is perfectly good, and I never have anything the matter of
my eyes. Dilatation of the pupils; amaurosis; diplopia; blindness;
dimness of sight. Stitch traversing the eyelids on the right side,
vertically; vertiginous sensation, followed by confused vision, espe-
cially of distant objects; the sense of sight is tardy in following the
movement, things appearing for several seconds to be blurred, and the
remaining unfixed in its new direction, but no sensation of gauze or
film. It is accompanied by a disposition to partially close the eyes
as if to steady the balls. Confusion of sight with heavy looking
eyes, (similar to that produced by alcohol). Pain in both eyes, par-
ticularly the left, dimness of sight; drooping of the eyes; indis-
tinct vision; in the evening eyes felt quite sore, and as if there
was some foreign substance irritating the conjunctiva.
At night
eyes quite sore; not much pain, but merely soreness with sensitive-
ness to light and lachrymation; eyes yellow; eyes much inflamed
and weak, with great flow of tears at intervals; great heaviness of
eyelids. Pains of a shooting character in the frontal sinus, extend-
ing to the eyes and jaws. The pain in the eyes is of a pricking
character, extending from the centre to the angle. The pains seem
to wind round the right eye. Pain extending from the bridge of the
nose to the eye. Deep-seated pain in the eye of the left side, ex-
tending from above downwards. Smoky appearance before the eyes,
with pain above them. Total blindness ensued in a very short
time after taking thirty drops, with violent dizziness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Gelseminum has a remarkable and
peculiar affinity for the organs of vision. No other remedy, except
Belladonna, so promptly and so especially affects the eyes. It must
become, in time, a valuable homeopathic remedy for many serious
external and internal diseases of these organs.
Before its relaxing effects are felt in the general muscular system,
its local effects upon the eyelids become apparent. The lids feel
heavy, and are lifted with difficulty. After a time complete paralysis
of the lids obtain. This constitutes an affection designated by opthal-
mic writers as Ptosis. It may arise from paralysis of the levator
muscle, or from an affection of the third pair of nerves. Gelsemi-
num may cause Ptosis by inducing either of these conditions. But
there is some reason to believe that the Ptosis caused by this drug
may have a deeper seated origin. Mackenzie (Diseases of the Eye.)
says; "The cerebral variety may be either sudden or slow; the
sudden, arising after sudden exertion, violent mental excitement,
exposure to the direct rays of the sun, intoxication, blows on the head,
concussion of the body, etc. The slow, from organic changes going
on in the brain. The disease often wears an apoplectic aspect.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
425
Mackenzie gives several cases, evidently caused by congestion
of the brain. It is to such cases of Ptosis that Gelseminum will
be found curative. It will probably be found efficient in the Ptosis
of drunkards, from exposure to the sun, and the so-called rheumatic
variety. It is eminently homoeopathic to those cases caused by par-
alysis of the third pair of nerves.
Diplopia is another prominent and primary effect of Gelseminum.
Double vision, according to Mackenzie, may proceed from paralysis of
some of the muscles of the eyeballs. Doubtless, Gelseminum causes
such a form of disease, and would be found curative to paralytic
cases. But diplopia often proceeds from a congested state of the en-
cephalon. I suspect that Gelseminum is homœopathic to such a mor-
bid state, as also to the diplopia caused by alcohol and chloroform, to
which it seems tɔ have a great resemblance in many respects.
Gel.
seminum is homoeopathic to Asthenopiu or debility of the eyes; in
those cases of weakness of sight caused by exhaustion of the
the nerve from over exertion of the eyes, especially when accompan-
ied by dimness of sight; feeling of weight in the head and eyes, with
some dryness and double vision. It is not indicated in chronic cases.
In these, China, Iron and Nux vomica will be found useful.
In one
case the prover complained of having Strabismus, and a constant in-
clination to squint. It may be useful in some paralytic cases, but
probably not curative in the strabismus which comes on in the course
of hydrocephalus.
The Amaurotic symptoms caused by Gelseminum are many and
distinct. It seems peculiarly indicated in that malady, and if we can
ascertain the exact sphere of its action, may prove useful to the ocu-
list in relieving amaurotic patients. It is undoubtedly homoeopathic
to many forms of amaurosis, viz: to those caused by apoplexy of
the retina; congestion of the brain, apoplexy, and even those cases
which arise from the presence of worms in the intestines. When
administered for the cure of amaurosis it should be given in small
doses. The medium or even high potencies will prove efficient.
The following case is reported by Dr. Kenyon. It is illustrative of
the curative powers of Gelseminum in some forms of amaurosis :
"Rev. Mr. aged about 35 years, nervous bilious tempera-
ment, previously suffering from intermittent fever, and had taken
Quinine largely, complained of being tormented with a constant float-
ing of spots before the eyes, at times black and even dazzling-no
other symptoms. I gave him Belladonna, and did not see him again
for three weeks, when he said the trouble was slightly relieved for a
day or two and then increased; he ceased taking the remedy, think-
ing it might be an aggravation, but the trouble continued to increase,
and after a week he resumed the remedy with no effect.
The sight
is gradually growing dim, so that he cannot read or write; the words
all run together, and he cannot tell a person across the room. There
is considerable heat in the eyes, and extending into the forehead; the
floating spots are all black now, the pupil of the eye slightly con-
tracted; with this exception perfectly healthy in appearance, and
there is no indication of former troubles. I then prepared and gave
•
426
NEW REMEDIES
him of the 6th and 30th dilution of Gelseminum-a dose of the 6th
each morning, and of the 30th each evening. I did not hear of him
again in several weeks, when he wrote me that in two days from the
time he commenced the remedy he could see an improvement, when
he, according to my directions, omitted the remedy; and in two
weeks every trace of the trouble was removed. I saw him months
after, and he remained perfectly well."* Dr. D. W. Rogers, of Quincy,
Mich., relates a case in the North American Journal, (August, 1861,
page 104,) where the Gelseminum was useful in a case presenting
symptoms of intense heaviness of head; stupid drowsiness; dimness
of vision also double vision; vertigo; throbbing of the carotids;
pulse slow and weak. Other cases could be reported, but sufficient
has been presented to direct the attention of physicians to the great
value of Gelseminum in this affection.
I have never noticed that it caused photophobia. On the contrary
it frequently causes a thirst for light. It might cause photophobia as
one of its secondary or remote effects. I judge so from the fact that
I once removed, permanently, a fear of light, more especially candle
or lamplight, which had resisted Phosphorus and Conium, and was
caused by an idiopathic over-sensitive state of the optic nerve, as
there was no trace of inflammation. I used drop doses of the tincture,
however. Dr. Peters declares Belladonna to be antipathic to photo-
phobia. It must resemble Gelseminum in this particular symptom,
and probably many others.
Under the action of Gelseminum the pupils are always dilated.
I have never witnessed contraction. Aconite, on the contrary, gen-
erally causes contraction of the pupils. It will be well to bear this
fact in mind, as it is an important diagnostic symptom in many cere-
bral diseases.
Ears.-Rushing and roaring in the ears; sudden and temporary
loss of hearing; the pains which ascend from the back to the occiput
often affect the ears; digging in the right ear; stitches; pain behind
both ears.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-There are no instances on record of its
being used in affections of the ear. One of the symptoms of catarrh
in the head, or a common cold, is roaring in the ears with sudden
deafness. In such cases it might prove of benefit. It may be found
of service in neuralgic otalgia, also in paralytic deafness.
Coe says,
"The diluted tincture dropped into the ear will soften the accumula-
tion of hardened cerumen, and relieve the ringing roaring from
diseased secretion." See Dr. Allen's case under "Throat."
Nose.-Watery discharge from the nose; sneezing, with dull
headache; tingling in the nose; bloody, mucus discharge,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Douglas considers it a specific for
colds in the head accompanied by a discharge of watery fluid from
the nose, hoarseness, cough, soreness in the throat and chest. Dr.
D. W. Rogers prized it highly in an epidemic of influenza in which
*Seventeenth Annual Report of the American Institute of Homœopathy.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
427
he tested it. It has been a valuable remedy in my practice in mild
and severe attacks of influenza, with loss of smell, coryza, headache,
etc. Dr. Pattee says, in coryza, or cold in the head, this is one of
the best remedies I have ever used; it cures the severest cases in
from twelve to forty-eight hours,"
Epistaxis, in a lady of dark complexion, with suppression of
menses, constant dripping all night of dark, crimson blood, in spite of
Sulphur, Rhus tox., cold applications, etc., was arrested in ten minutes
after one dose of the one-thousandth.-Morgan.
Dr. S. A. Merrill reports: "In many catarrhal affections I have
found the Gelseminum to act very finely, even in severe coughs, with
(in children) a metallic sound somewhat like croup."
"One person came to me recently with a very severe cough, accom-
panied with a good deal of pain in the chest in places, tenderness in
the epigastrium with vomiting in the paroxysms. Gave the ordinary
remedies for several days without any effect whatever. Gelseminum
is acting like a charm."
"I think our professional friends will find the Gelseminum a very
useful remedy in these affections, many of them growing out of this
relaxed and debilitated condition of the system on the return of warm
weather at the close of our winters. At any rate, let them observe
and report."
Face. A papulous eruption on the face, very nearly resembling
measles; erythema of the face and neck; heavy, besotted appearance
of the face; sensation of stiffness in the muscles of the jaws; the
muscles of the face seem to contract, especially the orbicularis oris,
somewhat impeding speech; numbness of the face; pale face; cold
face, covered with perspiration. (Toxical effects.) Itching of small
points on the face; pimples on the temporal ridge; yellow com-
plexion.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has been used successfully by my-
self and some other homœopathists, in the treatment of facial neural-
gia. It cured one case of neuralgia of the infra-orbital nerves, which
did not yield to Aconite or Belladonna. One drop of the tincture
was given every hour, and the diluted tincture rubbed on the affected
part. Dr. Coe says, "neuralgia, when arising from functional disturb-
ances of the nervous system, is successfully treated with Gelsemi-
num." It is best indicated, when, in connection with the pain, there
are contractions and twitching of the muscles near the portion of the
face affected; also, in those cases accompanied with extreme general
nervousness, and loss of control over the voluntary muscles, giving
rise to odd, irregular motions. Dr. Douglas has found it curative in
several cases of prosopalgia.
Prof. Ludlam writes me, "In some cases of orbital neuralgia,
characterized by distinct nervous paroxysms of acute pain, of a quo-
tidian type, located along the superciliary ridge, especially over the
left eye, with contractions of the eyelids and a peculiar expression
428
NEW REMEDIES.
in the eye of the affected side-the organ appearing to the observer
as if the patient were laboring under a maddening delirium, the
opposite eye appearing quite normal, meanwhile-we have given the
Gelseminum with good effect. In one example, where Quinine
had failed at the hands of another physician, the Gelseminum afford-
ing prompt relief. In most cases thus remedied, the relief of suffer-
ing has been gradual, the pain tapering off quietly and imperceptibly.
We have never employed it locally, in this disorder. To speculate
upon its modus operandi would perhaps be of little service, but that
it has the property of interrupting certain nervous disorders, of
which the more prominent symptom is their periodicity, there can be
no question. The introduction of the element of time into the organ-
ism, whether viewed in a physiological or pathological light, is one
of the most marvelous and entertaining phenomena connected with
the history of the species: and any remedy capable of relieving ab-
normalities of this function-if such we may style it-in any of their
protean forms, merits our study and most earnest attention. If it be
demonstrated by actual experiment that the Gelseminum is capa-
ble of palliating and removing a local hyperæsthesia of the supra-
orbital nerves, or indeed, of any other nerves, the profession should
be made aware of this fact; and it is for this reason that we are led
to record our own limited experience in the direction indicated."
It may prove useful against erythema of the face, also to certain pap-
ulous eruptions of the face, not of a constitutional character. The
sensations of tension, stiffness, and contraction of the muscles of the
face and jaws, would seem to indicate that it might be useful in some
cases of trismus. (Scutellaria causes similar symptoms.) Acting
upon this suggestion I once gave it to a female patient, who, in a hys.
terical attack of unusual severity, had such rigidity of the muscles
surrounding the mouth and jaws, that it resembled an attack of tet-
anus. The jaws could not be forced open, nor hardly the lips. I
succeeded in getting two or three drops between the teeth. In eight
or ten minutes the jaws began gradually to relax, and in a short time
had assumed their natural condition. In erysipelas of the face, the
internal and external use of Gelseminum is sometimes of much ben-
efit as a palliative remedy.
Teeth and Jaws.-Stiffness of the jaws; difficulty of opening
the mouth; on the right side, pain extends from the last back tooth
up to the temple; pains of a shooting character in the frontal sinus,
extending to the eyes and jaw,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In some cases of facial neuralgia,
especially in nervous females, when the jaws seem to be spasmodi-
cally affected, Gelseminum may be useful in combatting that symp-
tom. In odontalgia from a cold, or when purely nervous, Gelsem-
inum may be useful. It is said that a bit of cotton wet in the tinc-
ture and applied to the tooth, or pushed into a cavity, will relieve the
pain.
The three following cases are reported by Dr. Morgan:
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
429
Several cases of painful dentition, with sudden, loud outeries,
pulsating fontanelle, feverishness, have been promptly ameliorated by
Gelseminum, 1 m, and 30 m,
•
:
Sarah C., aged eight months, had painful dentition, pulsation of
fontanelle, gums inflamed and swollen, paroxysms of crying, grasped
the head frequently, great fear and horror of falling, rolling up of the
eyes, wanting to be carried. Gelseminum, 1 m., one dose. In one
and a half hour, violent winking of the eyelids, for fifteen minutes.
(There had been sores about the ears, which had scaled.) The next
day, having gradually, but decidedly improved, otorrhoea set in, with
itching pimples, and the sores behind the ears became again active.
Fontanelle still pulsating, some dullness. Sulphur 2 m., completed
the cure in about eight days, the teeth coming through, the affection
of the ears subsiding, and the child continuing meanwhile perfectly
cheerful. The pulsation continued as long as any other symptom.
(The mother also had one dose of Sulphur, 1 m.)
"An old lady had neuralgia of the left side of the head and neck,
constant, dragging, frequent shooting. Gelseminum 30 m., on dose,
Next day reported that she was cured as if by magic."
:
Mouth and Tongue.-Dryness of the mouth; astringent sensa-
tion in the mouth; thickly coated tongue; painful dryness in the
fauces; tongue red; tongue red, raw and painful; sensation as if the
tongue was paralyzed, impeding speech; partial paralysis of the
glottis and tongue. (Toxical effects.) Tongue coated with light,
whitish coat; several times during the day saliva was found colored
yellowish, and all the latter part of the day a bad, foul taste and
breath; yellowish white fur on tongue; yellow coat on tongue.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From its effects on the tongue and glot-
tis, we may find it curative in many cases of irritation, or paralysis
of those parts.
Throat.-Dryness; irritation and soreness of the fauces; diffi-
culty of swallowing; paralytic dysphagia; when vomiting, the fluids
passed through the nostrils; acute sensation of heat and astringency.
(Toxical effects.) Painful sensation of something having lodged in
the œsophagus.
I once observed the following symptoms, which occured in a
woman, to whom it had been given to arrest daily hysterical convul-
sions. The patient had never experienced similar symptoms before.
The tincture Gelseminum was given in doses of ten drops, every four
hours. The spasms were much relieved, and their periodicity broken
up, but on the second day of its administration there appeared dry-
ness and burning of the fauces; red tongue inflamed in the middle;
severe burning in the oesophagus, from the mouth to the stomach;
spasmodic sensation, and cramplike pains in oesophagus; hawking up
of bloody matter. During the spasms, bloody, brown foam would run
430
NEW REMEDIES.
out of the mouth. The burning sensations at times scemed intolera-
ble; deglutition was painful; food and drinks, warm, aggravating.
At this juncture I was called, and for the relief of these symptoms
gave Arsenicum 3d, then Carbo vegetabilis 3d, with mucilaginous
drinks, but without much benefit. A more careful study of the symp-
toms determined me to try Phosphorus. Pellets of the second dilu.
tion were given with prompt success; relief followed in a few min-
utes after the first dose, and in a few days the symptoms disappeared·
In this case there must have existed œsophagitis,—a true inflamma-
tion of its mucous tissue. As the Gelseminum was taken largely
diluted with water, it must have been a specific and not a mere local
effect.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It may be found a valuable remedy in
inflammation and irritation of the oesophagus, from acrid secretions
of the stomach. Dr. White, of New York, praises the Gelsem-
inum highly in tonsilitis, and inflammation of the pharynx, palate and
uvula. He considers it equal to Belladonna in scarlatinous angina.
I have only used it in catarrhal inflammations of the fauces and ton-
sils, in which it seems to act favorably. It would seem to be
specific to paralysis of the glottis, and all other portions of the
organs of deglutition. In all the above affections, the medium of
high dilutions are best indicated, especially if the patient be suscep-
tible to the action of the drug; if not, large doses must be used. Its
action on the throat resembles very much the effects of Belladonna.
Dr. Douglas advises it in inflammation of the tonsils, and other throat
affections. In the spasmodic affections of the throat, so frequent in
hysteric females, it is superior to any other drug, but will have to be
given in material doses.
Ellie D., aged 10 months. Swelling of throat, both side; much
wheezing; sick since midnight (July 20th, 1865). Aggravation at 3
A. M., better since 6 A. M., (after mustard plaster). Throat sore; the
mother fears she will choke to death. Gelseminum 12, one dose.
The third day lumps (tonsils) are nearly subsided; throat well. Was
much better in one hour. The other symptoms required Aconite."-
[Morgan.]
Dr. Lodge reports that Gelseminum has proved very useful in
cases of paralysis succeeding diphtheria, particularly in paralysis of
the organs of deglutition and in aphonia. He relates the following case:
"A young man of 18, who had been treated for diphtheria by an allo-
pathic physician, was found with the following symptoms: great pros-
tration; partial paralysis of the right side; desire for food, but diffi-
culty of swallowing, and vomiting after taking ever so little; cannot
speak above a whisper; great difficulty in articulation; cough with
expectoration of frothy mucus streaked with blood; severe pain in
different parts of the body, immediately after lying down, preventing
sleep; pulse 120, and small. He had been kept up by stimulants.
Treatment-Gelseminum tincture, five drops in half a tumblerful of
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
431
water; teaspoonful every hour. Commenced the medicine at 3 г. м.;
rested better the following night; pains very much less; next day
could swallow easier; in four days could swallow well, and partook
moderately of roast turkey, with relish. The improvement continued
under the use of the Gelseminum, all the symptoms disappearing,
except those of bronchial irritation, which Gelseminum did not remove.
Phosphorus, and the ordinary remedies were then resorted to, and
the cure completed.
Dr. T. F. Allen, of New York, in a very able paper on Physiology
and Pathology of the Nasal Passages,* in some remarks upon diseased
states of the eustachian tube, says: "Lachesis has pain on swallow-
ing, going up into the ear, but the course of the pain is along the par-
otid gland, it is more external than internal. In Gelseminum the
reverse is true, it is internal and not external." The writer further
says: To illustrate the action of Gelseminum, I have a very strik-
ing and apt case which much astonished me and my patient. A
young lady of 22, in affluent circumstances, felt compelled to apply
for relief from the terrible sick headache which preceded every men-
strual period, appearing from 24 to 36 hours before the flow, and
attended by profuse vomiting, with bearing-down pains in the abdo-
men, no pain in the back, the symptoms relieved on appearance of the
flow. Cocculus was prescribed, which certainly relieved her somewhat,
and in time I think, would have gradually cured her, but after two
months I was requested to take her throat in hand. For several
years she had been having, with increased frequency, a sore throat,
coming on with a little fever, and leaving her a little deaf. Lately
every change of weather affected her throat, and she was becoming
more and more deaf, and constantly so; when her throat was inflamed
and sore, (confined to the upper part of the pharynx) pain on swal-
lowing would shoot up into the ear. The family were becoming
alarmed, as one member, an old lady, formerly subject to like attacks
of sore throat, became exceedingly deaf.
Gelseminum was
suggested to me and I sent it to her. It astonished us all; she has
not had a sick day with her menstrual periods, nor has she had a sore
throat since, and no difficulty of hearing in the slightest degree, from
the time she began the Gelseminum. She took but little, and it is
now over a year.
She can go out in all weathers with impu-
nity. I gave the 100th, prepared by Dr. Fincke!" This is a remarka-
ble case, both on account of the complicated nature of the disease,
and the high potency used."
*
*
* *
Dr. A. E. Horton, of East Poultney, Vt., reports the following
case of spasm of the glottis, cured with Gelseminum: "Lucy R.,
aged 26. took a slight cold about the first of April, producing some
hoarseness, mild cough, and attended with slight fever. These symp-
toms yielded readily to the ordinary remedies, and during the two
following days she made good improvement. But during the fore-
noon of the third day she was attacked quite suddenly with spasms of
the glottis, producing laborious inspiration, which steadily increased
Am. Hom. Review, vol. V, page 383.
432
NEW REMEDIES.
all day. Having been called out of town the preceding night myself
she had absolutely refused to have an allopathic physician called. I
saw her about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, at which time, the spasm
having gradually and persistently increased, the sufferings of the
patient were frightful to behold. The inspiration was so laborious
that it required all the voluntary power she could exert, and was
attended with a hoarse, croupy sound that could be heard all over the
house. The excessive labor of breathing was attended with profuse
sweating; the face was livid, and she momentarily expected to die;
and, in fact, it seemed she must unless relief was speedy. I'imme-
diately put twenty drops of the mother tincture of Gelseminum in as
many spoonfuls of water, and gave her a spoonful at first every five,
ten or fifteen minutes, gradually lengthening the interval as she grew
easier, until, at the end of three hours, she was sleeping, with only a
vestige of the croupy inspiration remaining. She rested considerably
through the night, and made good improvement afterward. Occa-
sionally she would get a slight return of the spasm, but it would
readily yield to a few doses of Gelseminum. The cure was comple-
ted with the appropriate remedies for the consequent debility, and in
two weeks she was well.
I have also, this present winter, cured three cases of the so-
called spasmodic croup in children, with half-drop doses of Gelsem-
inum, the spasm and hoarseness both speedily yielding to the remedy.
Taste, Appetite, Gastric affections, &c.,-Thirst during the
sweat; mawkish taste; clammy, feverish taste; great hunger; eruc-
tations; nausea; hiccough; yellowish-white coating of the tongue,
with fœtid breath; alternate increase and loss of appetite; slight
nausea; sour eructations; bitter taste; bad, foul, spoiled taste and
breath, with frequent need to rinse the mouth, or spit; raising of
tasteless, semi-solid matter in the oesophagus, with flatus.
•
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is homoeopathic to loss of appetite
from debility of the stomach, or a paralytic state of the organs of
digestion, or increased appetite caused by active hyperemia of the
coats of the stomach. It does not seem to be homoeopathic to many
gastric conditions, as it rarely causes nausea or eructations. It does
not induce vomiting, like Veratrum viride, Ipecac, or Tartar emetic.
It only causes vomiting when taken in large quantities, and then it irri-
tates by its bulk and acridity only. If useful in any variety of vom-
iting, it is in that form which arises from atony of the stomach, in
which case Nux vomica, Iron and China are better.
Stomach.-Feeling of emptiness and weakness in the stomach and
bowels; distention of the stomach, with pain and nausea; sensation
as of something wanting in the epigastric region; rumbling and dull
pains in the epigastrium, relieved by expulsion of flatus; burning in
the stomach extending up to the mouth.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Sensations of great weakness, empti
ness, "goneness" at the stomach, arise from a debilitated state of the
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
433
great sympathetic nerve, and may be uncomplicated with any other
morbid state, in which case Gelseminum may be useful, in small
doses. It may, however, arise from congestion of the portal system,
and a torpid state of the liver, in which case Nux vomica, Aconite,
Leptandria, Podophyllum or Mercurius would be applicable, alterna-
ted with Gelseminum. It is often caused by uterine congestion, or
prolapsus, when Cimicifuga, Helonias, or Sepia must be given. Igna-
tia, Coffea, or Thea, in cases caused by mere nervous excitement, or
sudden emotion. It is primarily homoeopathic to accumulation of fla-
tus in the stomach, distention, eructations and dull pain, probably
caused by want of tone in the muscular fibres of that organ. For
such symptoms the 2d or 3d dilutions will suffice. It is secondarily
homœopathic to many forms of gastralgia, cardialgia, cramps in the
stomach, and all spasmodic conditions of that organ. It is homœo-
pathic to congestion of the stomach, with hyperemia of its mucous
lining. The symptoms indicating its use are: sensation of a heavy
load, with weight, tension, and dull pain; sometimes with empty,
faint sensations in the epigastrium, and a false hunger-a kind of
gnawing. Of late, the Gelseminum is much used in all active ham-
orrhages, by the eclectic and allopathic schools. They rely upon its
sedative power. Many other remedies, however, will prove more use-
ful in these affections. In active hæmorrhages, Hamamelis, Ipecac,
and Erigeron; in the passive variety, Trillium, Terebinthina, and
Sulphuric acid, will be found efficient remedies.
Abdomen and Stool. --Rumbling and roaring in the abdomen,
with emission of flatus above and below; periodical pains in the ab-
domen, with yellow diarrhoea coming on in the evening; pain in the
left iliac region; bowels loose, but great difficulty to discharge any-
thing; there seems to be great strength in the sphincter muscles;
dull pain in the bowels, which becomes quite severe towards morn-
ing; dull, aching pain in the umbilical region; palpitation of the
abdomen, which continued about three minutes; slight pain in the
transverse colon; gnawing pain in the transverse colon. Seventeen
hours after taking the drug, was awakened by severe griping in the
lower abdomen, soon followed by a very natural stool, but followed by
no diminution of pain until another large, deeply bilious discharge,
followed by instant relief of pain. Evacuation of flatulence both
ways; movements of flatus in the lower bowels; slight, colic-like
feeling as if the bowels would be moved, and constant eructations of
wind and bland fluid. At breakfast a dull ache on the right side of
the head; gastric oppression; had to loosen the waistbands; after
which, colic-like sensations to the left of the navel, as if a stool
would shortly be passed; slow stool, leaving a sensation of more
remaining to be passed, and of abdominal repletion. Pain behind
the fifth rib, to the left of the sternum, from flatus, relieved by eruc-
28
434
NEW REMEDIES.
tation. Stool at first consistent, then papescent, bilious, homogenous,
preceded all the morning by flatulence. Coincident with the intoxi-
cated feeling, gastralgia and colic. Colic-like pains below the navel,
extending to the testes, and causing flatus; relieved by its expul-
sion; stool of a deep yellow color and papescent; soft, bilious stool,
preceded by threatenings of diarrhoea; colic, attempted stool, much
wind only passed; tea-colored, semi-solid stool; dull pains in the
abdomen; sharp pains in the bowels, with stools of a light, creamy
color and pappy consistence; sleep disturbed by lancinating pains in
the abdomen, relieved by copious discharges of flatus; intoxicated
feelings, with painless but slightly diarrhoeic stool; tenderness of the
abdominal parietes.
Writers of the dominant and eclectic schools have decreed that
Gelseminum does not act as an internal irritant, or a purgative; they
assert that it is not known to increase any of the intestinal secretions.
Homœopathic provings seem to lead us to different conclusions, as
the above abdominal symptoms demonstrate.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-If Gelseminum be homoeopathic to
colic, it is to the spasmodic and flatulent. As either of these vari-
eties may run into and induce the other, we will consider them in one
paragraph. Flatulence is generally caused by the imperfect digestion
of articles of food, some kinds of which, such as raw vegetables and
substances of a fermentable nature, are more prone to have that effect.
But in a perfectly healthy state of the digestive organs, all varieties
of food may be eaten with impunity. The powers of digestion, then,
must be morbidly enfeebled before flatulent or spasmodic colic can
ensuc. Any cause, therefore, capable of debilitating digestion, may
act as a cause of flatulence.
In Peritonitis, we cannot expect much specific benefit
from Gelseminum, except from its power to control the fever,
and the nervous erethism from excessive pain. While it might
not be as important as Aconite, it would be better than Veratrum
viride or Tartarus emeticus. An external application of the tincture
in peritoneal inflammation might allay the pain somewhat. I have used
Aconite for that purpose with the best results. In Enteritis it may
prove more valuable. As it causes congestion and hyperemia of the
intestines, it may prove homoeopathic to the first stages of acute
enteritis. It will probably be useful to restrain the spasmodic action
of the bowels, which is often a distressing symptom of this disease.
In neuralgia of the intestines I have found the tincture, in single
drop doses, given every fifteen minutes, to be a successful remedy.
The symptoms were acute, lancinating pains in the bowels, with great
agitation and restlessness, cold hands and feet, rapid pulse and
a tendency to general spasms. In Strangulated hernia the Gelsom-
inum, in sufficient pathogenetic doses, ought to be a most valuable
aid. More relaxing than Chloroform or Lobelia, or Opium, it is sur-
prising that physicians and surgeons of the other schools have not
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
435
resorted to its use. It would be the first medicine I should resort
to, and no remedy holds forth greater promise of usefulness in such
dangerous accidents. Its internal administration would be aided
much by external application. In diarrhea Gelseminum may prove
useful when the stools are bilious, papescent and accompanied by
much flatulence; also, when there is much nervous prostration—
weakness than the discharge could cause. Dr. Morgan noticed that
while proving the drug, any exciting news would bring on "threaten-
ings of diarrhoea." This fact is suggestive. We know that in
-more
certain impressible people, whose nervous system has become
enervated, any fright, excitement or emotion will cause a temporary
looseness of the bowels. Now, the effects of Gelseminum on the
system are just such as would make it homoeopathic to such condi-
tions and its effects. Since the above was written, Dr. Lippe, of
Philadelphia, reports to me several cases of diarrhoea caused by
fright, grief and depressing emotions, treated with the 1000th dilu-
tion, a single dose sufficed. Prof, Hering states, in his lectures, that
he has verified my recommendation, based on Dr. Morgan's symptoms,
and has found the Gelseminum curative in the diarrhoea of soldiers,
originating while in active service.
It
In Dysentery, so far as my experience goes, the results attained
are very similar to those noticed from the use of Aconite, viz: sub-
sidence of the inflammatory symptoms, disappearance of blood from
the stools, less fever, and a mitigation of the tenesmus. I have
treated many severe cases with it, in alternation with Mercurius,
Podophyllin, Ipecac, and Aloes. Besides its internal administration,
I have sometimes, and in severe cases, used the tincture in
an enema, in the proportion of ten drops to four ounces of warm
starch or gum water; injected all at once, and repeated every few
hours. It mitigated the severe tenesmus. In Constipation, Gelsem-
inum does not appear to be primarily indicated, in many cases.
may be useful in simple retention of stool from deficiency of tone in
the muscular coats of the intestines, in the 12th and 30th dilutions. It
may be useful, also, in constipation from spasm of the muscular coats
at some point in the intestinal tubes, (in drop doses of tincture.) In
the Southern States it is much used in infusion, as a domestic rem-
edy for intestinal worms, and with alleged success. Dr. Coe advises
the Gelsemin in half or grain doses, two or three times a day,
combined with Podophyllin and Santonin, and says "it has proved
successful in removing the ascaris lumbricoides and tricocephalus
dispar. I have had unusual success in treating worm affections with
Gelsemin, 2d trituration, alternated with Podophyllin 1st or 2d,
and Santonin one-tenth, each in grain doses, two hours apart. After
two or three days the worms are either expelled in large numbers,
or the verminous symptoms all disappear. A weak dilution of the
tincture injected into the rectum, will often bring away large quanti-
ties of ascarides."
Dr. Paine, (eclectic.) of Philadelphia, mentions in his lectures on
concentrated medicines, his experience with this medicine. It is
well worthy of perusal.
436
NEW REMEDIES
"Some years since, during an epidemic of dysentery, I had an
opportunity of testing the virtues of this remedy, after the ordinary
means had failed.' There were three cases in one family, two small
boys and one little girl. They had been prostrated by the disease
from one to two weeks. Astringents, opiates, quinine, counter irri-
tation, and all the ordinary resources of the profession had been ap-
plied in vain. They were regarded by their attendant physicians as
hopeless cases.
"It was deemed by the practitioner that these were proper cases
for the power and virtues of Gelseminum. I took these cases under
my charge in the presence of several physicians, for the purpose of
testing the virtues of this article in the most prominent degree. Hav-
ing first evacuated the stomach by Lobelia, and bathed the surface in
tepid water, I commenced the use of the Gelsemin in doses of one-
sixteenth of a grain, every half-hour, in each of the cases.
"The oldest was ten, the next seven and the other four years of
age. I did not deem age as requiring any change in the quantity of
the remedy. I repeated the Gelsemin until I had administered half
a grain. This was accomplished in the course of twelve hours. At
the expiration of this period the tormina, which had been most har-
assing, and tenesmus, which had been most exhausting, had entirely
disappeared. The discharges were essentially controlled, and
although the system was extensively prostrated and there was general
exhaustion, still, so far as the active character of the disease was con-
cerned, it was essentially controlled. I then resorted to small doses
of Quinine and Hypophosphate of Iron every bour for twenty-four
hours, together with milk punch and animal broths. At the termina-
tion of this period the tormina and tenesmus slightly returned, to-
gether with the dysenteric discharges; but upon the administration
of two or three doses of the sixteenth of a grain of Gelsemin they
were entirely controlled.
"Thus by administering the remedy two or three times a day, or
as often as the symptoms manifested themselves, together with the
hygienic measures, these cases recovered. During this epidemic,
elseminum was administered to between seventy and eighty cases
with almost uniform success. Indeed, so successful was this treatment
that in seventy cases I only lost two; whereas, in the former treat-
ment the mortality had been quite large.
"I have also tested this remedy in other most severe epidemics,
and have found it quite as much of a specific for dysentery as is the
Sulphate of Quinine for intermittent and remittent fevers. There
are some of our practitioners who do not regard this remedy as pos-
sessing all the powers claimed for it. During the last five or six
years, they say, they have tested the remedy and it has not succeeded.
It must be borne in mind that dysentery may depend on a variety of
causes; these causes should be removed so far as practicable.
A student of mine who has recently been through all the more im-
portant campaigns of the late war, and who has had most remarkable
opportunities for testing the power of Gelsemin, states that not in a
single case has it failed to produce the most happy effects.
In camp
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
437
dysentery and diarrhoea be has found this remedy, alone, adequate to
meet the most severe indications." In diarrhoea, "especially that
caused by an exhausted and debilitated state, or by inflammation and
congestion of the mucous surface," Dr. Paine states that he has found
Gelsemin useful. He values it highly in cholera morbus, but his
experience with it is unreliable, because he combines it with com-
pound "Syrup of Potassa and Rhubarb."
Dr. Paine uses the Gelsemin homoeopathically. He gives it for
the very symptoms he has seen it cause, namely: Tenesmus and
bloody discharges from the bowels, with feeble, languid, debilitated
state of the muscular system,'
Administered in this way he does not dare to resort to the massive
doses usually used, but gives the one-sixteenth of a grain. He
further approaches homoeopathy by advising, "in ordinary cases, one-
fiftieth and one-hundreth of a grain in chronic inflammations of the
mucous membranes." He also advises the Gelsemin to be "tritura-
ted either with lactin (sach. lact.) or sugar, and add a few grains of
the trituration to a tumbler of water, and administer in teaspoonful
doses."
Liver and Spleen. The provings of Gelseminum so far do not
show any pains or abnormal sensations referable to the hepa is or
splenic regions. Its effect upon the alvine evacuations, however,
show that it has some effect upon the liver. For instance, we have
"
large, deeply bilious discharge; bilious, papescent stool; stool of
deep yellow color, and papescent; soft bilious stool;" all denoting
increased action of the liver. We have also "tea-colored stool; stool
of a light creamy color, and pappy consistence, "indicating an excessive
amount of bile in the evacuations.
*
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Judging from the symptom of "tea col-
ored stool, we may consider it primarily homoeopathic in some forms
of bilious diarrhea, probably from a relaxed condition of the biliary
ducts, or the ductus communis choledochus, or it may be hepatic
hyperæmia. It is probably primarily homoeopathic to passive conges-
tion of the liver, denoted by prostration, and a languid circulation;
languor, dullness, drowsiness, or depression of spirits; dimness of
sight, and dull headache, Jaundice, with prostration, clay-colored
stool, etc. There is one symptom above mentioned, namely: creamy,
papescent stool, which indicates that Gelseminum causes either defi-
ciency or retention of bile. Now, from what we know of the action of
the medicine, it is hardly to be supposed that it can cause, primarily,
any excessive secretion of bile; but it may cause deficient secretion,
from atony of the liver, in which case the yellow coloring matter of the
bile would fail to be eliminated from the blood, and its accumulation
in the circulation would be a necessary consequence. This, Wood
believes to be the most common origin of jaundice. Gelseminum, 3d
* Dr. Morgan writes me that by tea-colored he meant "a highly bilous hue, between green
and yellow." (H.)
438
NEW REMEDIES.
dilution, alternated with Mercurius, Leptandria, Podophyllum, would
be most applicable in such conditions.
Urinary Organs.—Urine rather increased in quantity; clear and
watery; frequent micturition; frequent emission of clear and limpid
urine, with seeming relief to the dullness and heaviness of the head ;.
urine at times clear and limpid, at times milky and turbid. Urine
much increased in quantity. (Bird,* says that it is characteristic of
phosphatic urine to be pale and colorless; also that such urine depos-
its pale urate of Ammonia, nearly white. Phosphatic urine is often
fœtid). The effects of Gelseminum were dissipated within a few
hours. As I have observed an augmented secretion of urine, I sup-
pose my kidneys eliminated the drug rapidly, and so prevented its.
action on the divers organic spheres."
I have noticed symp-
toms similar to the above, whilst under the influence of the drug, and
in nearly every instance the profuse emission of watery urine was
accompanied by transient chilliness, tremulousness, and an evident
alleviation of the sensations of heaviness of the head, dullness of
mind, and dimness of sight. Several persons who made partial prov-
ings for me, noticed the same symptoms, with the alleviation. Con-
trasting the effects of Gelseminum on the urinary organs, with some
of the phenomena of disease, and they become interesting and signifi-
cant.
CLINICAL OBSERNATIONS.-In real diabetes, Gelseminum cannot be
of much service. It is probably not pathologically indicated. In
nephritis, cystitis, urethritis it may be used as we would use Aconite
in similar diseases, viz: to reduce the local hyperæmia. In these
affections we must rely entirely upon the secondary action of the
drug; using it in larger doses.
In my practice it has benefitted some cases of frequent urging to
urinate, with scanty emission, attended with tenesmus of the bladder.
In Enuresis, Gelseminum ought to prove as valuable a remedy as
Belladonna, for like that drug, it induces a paralytic state of all the
sphincter muscles. Those cases, then, of involuntary micturition
depending on a relaxed or paralytic condition of the sphincter muscles
of the neck of the bladder, may be much benefitted, or cured by the
use of the dilutions of Gelseminum. This drug will probably
prove useful in spasms of the ureters from the passage of calculi. In
this most painful affection, the object is to produce, in the promptest
manner possible, a relaxation of the ureters. This is generally
accomplished by the use of hot sitz baths, Chloroform and Lobelia or
Nux vomica. Gelseminum, if properly administered, would prove as
efficient as either of the above means, and secondarily more homœo-
pathic to the condition. In that most distressing affection, spasm of
the bladder, it would certainly prove useful, by promptly relaxing the
"Urinary Deposits," page 210.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
439
circular fibers of that organ. This disease is often, in the case of
females, confounded with uterine spasm, and in males with spasmodic
colic. But in either disease Gelseminum will prove a valuable
remedy, aided in some cases by Caulophyllum, Cimicifuga, Colocynth,
or Nux vomica.
Mr. T. S., one of the most celebrated artists in the United States,
upwards of eighty years of age, was afflicted for more than four months
with a constant involuntary discharge of urine every quarter to half
an hour, day and night. The disease seemed to consist in a relaxed
paralytic condition of the sphincter muscles of the neck of the blad-
der. It was impossible for him to hold his water. Cantharides,
Bromide of Potash, Dulcamara, and some other remedies were pre-
scribed without the slightest effect. It was now thought best to omit
all remedies for several weeks, but without any improvement. Hav-
ing lately studied the pathogenetic effects of Gelseminum, it was
resolved to try it in the above case. Five drops of the 2d dil. were
exhibited three times a day. In a few days its beneficial effects
were already perceptible, and in the space of a week the whole dis-
ease was conquered, and has not returned within now six months.
[Neidhard.]
The value of Gelseminum in paralytic conditions of the sphincter
muscles of the bladder has been corroborated to me in four other
cases. It sometimes takes the form of nocturnal emissions, but also
requently occurs in the day time. The pressure on the bladder is so
great that if the patients do not void the urine at once it passes into
their clothes. The effect of Gelseminum on this symptom is generally
very rapid and decided. It has never failed me in any case that I
have used it, although in some cases other remedies had been pre-
scribed in vain.-[Ib.]
C. Liebrick; very much debilitated by hæmorrhage from the bow-
els; could not retain his water more than ten or fifteen minutes. If
not voided it passes involuntarily,-there was burning during mietu-
rition. Gelseminum cured, after failure with Cantharides and Can-
nabis.-[Ib.]
Genital Organs.-(1) MEN. Some irritability of the right testis,
and afterwards dragging pain in the same, extending to both groins,
and the hypogastrium, followed by escape of flatus; irritation of small
spots on the mucous surface of the prepuce, with surrounding con-
gestion; painless redness about the orifice of the urethra; agreeable
sensation during the micturition, throughout the course of the urethra;
involuntary emission of semen, without an erection. One of the
most careful and conscientious provers in our ranks, writes me as fol-
lows:
"A seminal weakness, formerly removed by Conium, returned
during this proving, and was the chief reason why I discontinued it."
This statement throws much light on the action of this remedy upon
the male generative system, and accounts for its alleged usefulness
in seminal emissions. My own provings of Gelseminum developed
440
NEW REMEDIES.
the following symptoms: In connection with the general prostration
accompanied by diuresis, there was always much flaccidity with cold-
ness of the genital organs.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Gelseminum is primarily indicated in
impotence from muscular paralysis and atony; in seminal weakness
with or without amorous dreams, but caused in all cases by direct
debility of the genital organs, or rather, of the great nerves upon
which depends their healthy condition. It is also secondarily hom-
œopathic to seminal emissions from excessive irritation of the organs
of generation, either from emotional or local congestive causes, and
when accompanied by a condition similar to satyriasis.
In the former cases, small doses of the dilutions may prove effici-
ent, but in the latter large quantities will have to be administered-
two or three drops of the tincture every two hours. I have used the
first trituration of Gelsemin in cases marked by local irritation,
and succeeded in effecting a cure, when other remedies had failed.
Cases from allopathic authorities. Coe says: "For spermatorrhoea,
in connection with tonics, we have found it of exceeding utility. In
many cases it is better to administer the Gelseminum alone for sev-
eral days, or until a remission of the symptoms is induced, and then
followed with tonics-Cerasin, Lupulin, or Hydrastin."
→
Case 1.-From Keith's Journal, in a letter from a physician :
"About four years ago, I was badly afflicted with spermatorrhoea, and
had nearly despaired of finding relief, for I had tried every plan of
treatment suggested by my medical friends. I acceded to your
advice to try Gelseminum, and took but four doses (of how much ?)
before the emissions ceased; and by continuing the medicine my
appetite returned, the peculiar cadaverous hue of my face yielded to
a more healthy color, and, as subsequent years have proved, I was
cured of my disease." In another number we have the following
statement: "We believe it to be, in the treatment of spermatorrhoea,
as near a specific as any medicine can be. Administer the following
powder each night on retiring: Gelsemin, one-half grain; Lupu-
lin, three grains; mix: gradually diminish the dose as the patient
shows signs of improvement.
We have cured several cases with
from six to ten doses." The above prescription could only benefit
those cases belonging to the irritative variety, due to some local con-
gestion, or exalted state of the nerves of those organs. The Lupulin
alone has a deserved reputation for curing similar cases of the
disease.
"In January, 1863, I commenced treating a young man who was
suffering severely from spermatorrhoea, induced by onanism. The
disastrous habit had been persevered in for years, till at length the
sexual power became so completely exhausted that the most power-
ful stimulus failed to cause erection. On abandonment of the habit
he became a little better and then had hopes of marriage, but found
that the slightest approach towards a caress produced an emission of
semen. In despair he returned to his old course, and when he placed
himself under my care he was a mere wreck, both mentally and
physically. His face was pale and emaciated, with dark circles
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
441
around his eyes. The mind very weak, memory defective, and he
was haunted by thoughts of suicide. He had emissions averaging
four or five a week, and also while straining at stool. The penis was
flaccid and relaxed, erections very seldom, and both testicles had
become smaller. On passing a bougie down the urethra I found that
there was very great tenderness around the opening of the ejacula-
tory ducts. I placed him upon the use of the 1st decimal trituration
of Gelsemin, giving him one third of a grain, morning, noon and
night, and in nine months I had the pleasure of seeing him restored
to the most perfect health. No other remedy was used except Acon-
ite when suicide pressed too strongly upon him. Possibly he might
have been cured with a high potency, for according to some of my
medical friends, a low dilutionist is merely another form of allopath;
but, with Alphonse Teste. I think 'the true medicine is the one that
cures.' I have treated a number of cases with Gelsemin, and with the
most flattering success. I am far from considering it a specific for
any and every case of this disease; on the contrary, no disease
requires a nicer discrimination, but nevertheless it is a powerful
remedial agent, worthy to stand side by side with Aconitum napellus
and Argentum nitricum."-Dr. Thomas Nichol.
In Gonorrhea the Gelseminum has been much used, and highly
praised by some enthusiastic eclectics. According to Coe, "Gel-
seminum has gained considerable repute in the treatment of gonor-
rhoea. We have employed it for some three years past, in that
disease, but never relied on it exclusively. Our principal object in
employing it is to overcome the urethral inflammation and prevent
chordee, and for these uses we have found it reliable. We usually
administer it at bedtime, finding that the patient is more apt to enjoy
a quiet night's rest thereby. We cannot say with certainty whether
the Gelseminum possesses any specific alterative value in the above
disease or not, but we believe it does." He advises it in two grain
doses, but small powders of the first decimal trituration, or repeated
doses of the first dilution, will probably be found as useful, and less
hazardous than the one large dose.
A
Case.-Dr. Douglas (allopath) states that some thirty years ago a
patient came into his office with gonorrhoea, of several months stand-
ing, which had been improperly treated. One of his students begged
him to allow him to treat the case, saying that he could cure the most
obstinate case in a few days with the root of Yellow Jessamine.
small handful of the root was put into a common junk bottle of whis-
key, and in a day or two the patient ordered to take a tablespoonful
of the mixture night and morning. He took but a few doses when
he became much alarmed with the effect upon his eyes, thinking the
medicine had destroyed his vision. Every symptom of gonorrhoea
had, however, disappeared, and the cure was permanent. Since
that time he has treated many cases with it, and invariably with the
same success. Dr. Morgan writes me: The Gelseminum is in
repute for the cure of spermatorrhoea, and an allopath of my acquain-
tance uses the tincture in the very largest doses in gonorrhoea, with,
as he asserts, perfect success even in old cases.
66
442
NEW REMEDIES.
(2.) WOMEN.-Besides the few pathogenetic symptoms which I
have observed, none of the provers of our school give us any symp-
toms of Gelseminum upon the organs of generation of women. The
following symptoms came under my notice: Sensation of heaviness
in the uterine region, with increase of the white, leucorrhoeal dis-
charge; a feeling of fullness in the hypogastrium (in a girl of seven-
teen); slight uterine pain, to which she had been subject; aching
across the sacrum-a sensation as when the menses are coming on.
[These symptoms appeared from taking five drops of the tincture
every two hours-in a pregnant female in the ninth week.
On ex-
amination, the os was slightly open, and somewhat patulous.
Dr.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Notwithstanding the small amount of
experience which the profession possesses relative to the action of the
Gelseminum on the organs of generation of women, there seems to be
considerable unanimity of opinion among eclectic authors, regarding
its effects in that direction. We will examine the testimony.
King, who seems to understand its sphere of action very well, and
who has had much practical experience in the use of the medicine,
says: "In obstetrics it has been efficaciously employed in dysmen-
orrhoea, gastralgia, cramps, and odontalgia during pregnancy; in
rheumatism of the uterus, rigid os uteri, hour-glass contraction, re-
tained placenta, and puerpural convulsions, etc.
We will examine its merits in the above affections briefly in
detail :
In Dysmenorrhea of a neuralgic or spasmodic character, the
Gelseminum would undoubtedly prove beneficial in material doses;
minute doses would fail to reach the malady, because dysmenorrhoea
is not one of the primary effects of the drug. Its neuralgic and spas-
modic symptoms are secondary. But in the congestive form the
dilutions will be useful. In the inflammatory form King advises it,
in connection with tincture of Aconite, both in large doses. Coe
asserts that "for relieving the pain of dysmenorrhoea we know of no
single remedy equal to it." He gives one-half grain of Gelseminum
every two hours, and frequently alternates Caulophyllin or Viburnin
with it; both of the latter remedies I know to be valuable in this
affection. He further says: "When caused by functional derange-
ment we deem it specific; we have earned the gratitude of many
sufferers by its employment." I would advise a candid trial of the
remedy in the hands of homoeopathists.
(See Dr. Allen's case of dysmenorrhoea associated with throat
and ear symptoms, under "Throat.")
"The second morbid condition of which I spoke was painful spas-
modic affections of the sexual system, male and female. I continue
to derive the most brilliant results from the drug in dysmenorrhoea
and after pains, when these are spasmodic and not inflammatory. Its
power over after-pains is so great that the lying-in chamber is well
nigh freed from one of its greatest bugbears. But it is antipathic
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
443
:
rather than homoeopathic to these conditions, and requires to be given
in full doses-from three to ten drops of the 1st decimal dilution.
These temporary pains are the very things for which Hahnemann,
himself, has justified the use of antipathic palliatives;* and in the
present instance we have found the further advantage of using a
remedy which acts as a special sedative on the affected parts them-
selves, and not-like Opium-by stupefying the nervous centres.'
Dr. Hughes, in British Journal of Homeopathy.
39
As
In Amenorrhæa Coe advises it, and says the menses will fre-
quently return under the use of half-grain doses of Gelseminum,
three times a day. In the congestive variety, induced by a cold, it
will undoubtedly prove of service. In Abortion, King recommends
it on the ground that it will have the same effect as blood letting in
preventing that accident. Coe says: "The opinion has been enter-
tained by some that Gelseminum is capable of producing abortion,
but our experience with it inclines us to the contrary belief.
before stated, when administered in small doses, it gently stimulates
uterine contraction, but when given in large doses it will arrest the
progress of labor with much certainty. Still we are unable to say
that it will NOT produce abortion under some circumstances, although
we have never seen any evidence of its power to do so, and we have
administered it to women at all the different stages of utero-gesta-
tion." Drs. White and Ford thought that when used in yellow fever
the Gelseminum rather prevented abortion, as one woman so treated
was in the sixth month of pregnancy, and did not abort.
Still, my
observations convince me that under some circumstances the medi-
cine may be capable of producing abortion. The pathogenetic symp-
toms above noticed would go far to substantiate such a belief. Let
it be borne in mind that anything which has a severely depressing
influence upon the nervous and vascular systems may cause miscar-
riage. Thus, profuse bleedings, a chill, debility from acute disease,
grief, fright or other depressing emotions, will, in some constitutions,
tend to such an accident. Now, the effects of this drug on the female
organism are very similar to the above, and may, therefore, under
similar circumstances, bring on the same results. Its general action
on the uterus will be considered further on. In the vomiting and
gastrodynia of pregnant females, when of a spasmodic character,
Gelseminum may prove beneficial. Some writer has called attention
to the similarity between this vomiting and sea-sickness. It is a cur-
ious fact that the remedies found beneficial in one, are those most
useful in the other. Thus, Nux vomica, Cocculus, and Chloroform
are the remedies for sea sickness, and I have found them equally
reliable in the severe vomitings of pregnancy. As Gelseminum bears
a remarkable resemblance to the last mentioned agent, I would advise
its use in single drop doses, in cases where the usual remedies had
**If Opium has been found to cure cough, diarrhoea, sickness, spasms, etc., in a few cases,
it is only when these symptoms first show themselves in persons previously in good health, and
are but slight. In such cases, as for instance a trifling cough, caused by a recent chill, the
trembling arising from terror, etc., Opium will sometimes restore the patient to health, because
if these symptoms are at once destroyed, the body is restored to its former condition, and the
tendency to their return suppressed.-Preface to Opium, Mat. Med. Pura.
444
NEW REMEDIES.
failed to give relief, and where there was present considerable ner-
vous, debile irritability. The troublesome cramps of pregnancy,
although generally amenable to the usual Veratrum album, Colocynth,
and Nux vomica, may be controlled as readily by the use of Cauloph.,
Viburnum and Gelseminum. Dr. King, in his Obstetrics, speaks of
it in hour-glass contractions, and inversion of the uterus, in order to
aid manual operations, but doubts its safety under all circumstances.
In those cases it would be expected to have many of the effects of
Chloroform, especially relaxation. He also strongly advises its use
in puerpural convulsions.
Cases reported by Dr. J. S. Douglas :
Case 1st. On the night of the 3d inst., (Nov. 1861,) a young
married woman, of highly nervous temperament, and seven months
pregnant with her first child, was attacked with violent convulsions,
frequently repeated, and soon followed with complete unconsciousness.
and the wildest delirium.
This state of things continued till the afternoon of the 5th, when
she was delivered of a dead foetus. The convulsions now ceased,
but she continued in a state of wild delirium, incessantly talking and
without a moment of sleep for three days and nights. During the
next half day her delirium was somewhat more subdued, the inces-
sant talk less furious, and she seemed to sleep once or twice for a
minute or two. During all this time, the arterial action was inclined
to be excessive, as in acute inflammatory disease, though no such
state could be detected. This excessive action was successfully con-
trolled by the frequent use of Aconite.
I now resolved to try the effect of Gelseminum. She accordingly
took tea-spoonful doses of a mixture of three drops, third dilution, in
one-half a tumbler of water. During the night, after two or three
doses, she had three sleeps of from one to two hours, and in the
morning gave the first evidence of consciousness. This, however,
was of short duration. A few minutes of mental effort seemed to
exhaust the power of the brain, and she relapsed into wakeful delir-
ium. But whenever she has become delirious and sleepless, the
Gelseminum in the above doses, has uniformly and promptly procured
quietness and sleep. The intelligent nurse has come to rely implic-
itly upon it when needed. The patient has steadily improved from
the above date to the present, Nov. 23d, though it has been necessary
to give occasional intermediate doses of Aconite, which alone has
controlled the excessive arterial activity. She now leaves her room,
though her mind is weak, and wanders when too long excited.
In this case it is evident that Gelseminum has uniformly and per-
fectly succeeded in quieting excessive nervous irritability and delir-
ium, and procuring sleep, where Aconite, Belladonna, Chamomilla,
Coffea, Hyoscyamus, Ignatia, Pulsatilla, Stramonium, etc., have
proved powerless.
Case 2d.-On the 5th instant., I was called to see a lady eight
months pregnant, the mother of four children, the two last of which
had been born at about the same period (of eight months). All her
labors had been exceedingly tedious, from three to six or seven days,
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
445
apparently from the great rigidity and unyieldingness of the os uteri.
In her last confinement she had violent puerperal convulsions. When
I was called, on the 5th, she had had regular labor pains for three
days, but accustomed to protracted labors, she had not thought it
time to send for me till she was siezed with a convulsion, which was
repeated before my arrival. I found the pains quite active and fre-
quent, but on making an examination not the least result was observ-
able. The os uteri was not in the least developed, but rigid and
perfectly closed.
With the vivid recollection of her last two labors, at the same
period of eight months, their extreme tediousness, the violent and
alarming convulsions which now bid fair to be continued through a
labor of days-perhaps many days; of all the exhaustive appliances
formerly employed to subdue the convulsions and to hasten or stop
the premature labor, with nearly all my time necessarily occupied
with the case above related, no one will marvel at my extreme anxiety
and perplexity. On reflection, as all other known means, on former
occasions, had proved so fruitless, I resolved to try the effect of Gel-
seminùm. It might, by its great sedative power, subdue the spasms;
it might allay and put a stop to the premature labor pains. If it
failed of accomplishing these objects, it might relax the rigidity of
the os uteri, and thus facilitate the labor. She was not of a nervous
but of a bilious temperament. gave five drops of the tincture,
directing it to be repeated after each spasm, or, if no spasm occurred,
every hour unless the pains were abated, or she experienced some of
the characteristic symptoms of the drug. After three doses I saw
her. No more spasms had occurred. The pains were unchanged.
Directed one drop every two hours. Six hours after the pains were
nearly the same, but a very palpable change was effected in the state
of the os uteri, which was now soft, relaxed, and sufficiently dilated
to admit the finger easily. I had no doubt the labor would now go
on, and from the much more rapid relaxation of the os uteri than on
former occasions, would be much less tedious. I left to call again in
six or eight hours, or to be notified if needed sooner. At my next
visit the pains were much less frequent and much lighter. No symp-
toms from the drug. Continued one drop every four hours. On the
following day the pains had altogether ceased, and the patient was
feeling entirely comfortable. Three days since she was in her usual
good health and attending to her usual duties. She was safely deliv-
ered at the proper time, and after an easy labor. Others can draw
their own inferences from this case, and I will not comment upon it,
except to say it is obvious that Gelseminum accomplished in it
what every hitherto known means had entirely failed to effect, on two
precisely similar occasions, with the same patient.
"A pregnant lady was seized with great nervousness, pros-
tration, constipation, gurgling on pressure in the right iliac re-
gion, meteorism, feeling "as if her head were as big as a bushel,"
pulse frequent, small and weak. Took six pellets of the 6th attenua-
tion, every two hours, and she was weil the next day."-Morgan.
446
NEW REMEDIES.
A case of false pains before parturition, reported by Prof.
Guernsey; cutting, upwards, and to the back. Cured immediately
by Gelseminum, 100th, one dose.
Case reported by Dr. C. A. Williams: Mrs. S, a large woman,
of plethoric habit, about twenty-eight years of age, in her sixth
mouth of pregnancy, was taken April 26th, 1864, with flowing. It
not being very severe, the patient from some cause, allowed it to
continue till the 28th, when, thinking she was about to be confined,
sent for me. (I attended her through a case of the same kind the
year previous.) On calling, I found the above history, with the fol-
lowing condition: Considerable flowing, but no pain. On examina-
tion, I found the os slightly dilated, and at once proceeded with the
usual remedies to check the hemorrhage, but with no success, and the
discharge continued until the eve of the 29th, when the waters were
expelled. Immediately previous to the last act, she had two or three
quite severe pains. On examination, I found the os uteri rigid, with
the orifice about the size of a three cent piece. As she was free
from pain I put her upon Caul., two grain doses every two hours. I
continued this until the patient was comfortable, with the excep-
tion of slight nausea; I then gave her Caul., first decimal trituration,
three grain doses every two hours, until the eve of the same day.
Still no change. I then gave her Gelseminum, fluid extract,
two drop doses, every hour. The following morning, May 1st, I
called again. She had rested well, had flowed but very little, and
concluded she was better. I made an examination and found the
os fully dilated, and the head of the foetus partly expelled. I very
soon delivered her, and cut the cord; the child lived nearly an hour.
The placenta was retained, and about ten minutes after the child was
discharged, the os had contracted, and was rigid as before. I again
gave her Caul., in its various potencies, with no success.
I then gave
Ergot, but got no effect except nausea. This occupied the time from
May 1st, until the 3d, Friday, the os still rigid. I gave Gelseminum
as before, and with the happiest results, as in a few hours the os was
fully dilated, and the placenta expelled. Mark, that during the
whole course of this case there were no pains, except the few before
the liquor amnii was discharged. The patient progressed finely, and
in a few days was convalescent. The discharge was quite light after
confinement and of a pale color.
Dr. Pease mentions a case* of a woman in the sixth month of
pregnancy, who was attacked with labor-like pains, which recurred
every five or ten minutes. (Her first and only child was born at
seven months.) She had also nausea and vomiting. Pulse full, 80.
Ipecac., Secale, and Aconite were given, but failed to arrest the pains.
Gelseminum was then prescribed, 15 drops of the tincture in half a
goblet of water. Twelve hours after, the pains were very slight,
every two or three hours; fever subsided; pulse 68. The remedy
was continued, and the next day the patient, declared she "had not
felt as well since she became pregnant."
*American Homœopathic Observer, Vol. II, p. 40.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
447
The action of Gelseminum on the uterus may be thus explained:
Dr. Garnsey, in the April No. [1865.] of the Amer. Hom. Obser-
ver, calls attention to an apparent discrepancy in the action of Gelgem-
inum, in two cases which he cites. The case of Dr. Williams was
one of inevitable abortion; that of Dr. Pease, threatened abortion.
In the former there was undoubtedly effusion of blood under the
membranes, and a consequent separation at such portion as would
cause irremediable irritation in which no bleeding had occurred, and
consequently no extravasation or separation. It was in fact a false
labor-the false pains.
In the former case the muscular tissue of the uterus was in a con-
dition of abnormal contractility, with an irritation of the nerves of
motion. In the latter, there was probably no abnormal constriction,
only an irritation of the motor nerves. Now for the action of Gelsem-
inum. In material doses, i. e., from the mother tincture to third
dilution, its primary effect is to relax the normal contractility of mus-
cular fibre, or paralyze the motor nerves. Its secondary effect is to
cause abnormal contractility of muscular tissue, and abnormal irri-
tation of the motor nerves.
In both the cases cited, the Gelseminum was secondarily homœo-
pathic. It relaxed the preternaturally rigid os, in the one case, and
calmed the false pains in the other, on the same principle, with the
effect in both cases of arresting an abnormal condition, as a final result.
In Dr. Pease's case there was no rigidity to overcome, only an irrita-
tion of the uterine motor nerves, after this was calmed all abnormal
action ceased. In Dr. Williams' case the spasmodically closed os would
not let the natural pains have their due effect. The GelsemiLum re-
moved the constriction, and the normal pains were permitted to do
their duty.
Gelseminum is only primarily homoeopathic when there is unna t-
ural relaxation of the muscular tissue of the uterus, and an absence
of normal irritability in its motor nerves. It is well known that
Gelseminum will, in cases of atony of the muscular tissue and motor
nerves of the uterus.
In all the cases above referred to, the original cause of the abnor-
mal condition may have been in the spinal cord, on which Gelseminum
has such a pernicious influence in poisonous doses.
There is another fact which should not be lost sight of, in estima-
ting the apparent contradiction in the effects of Gelseminum. It is
well known to all practical physicians who have made use of Gelsem-
inum, that the same quantity will not have the same effect upon
different constitutions. All medicines vary somewhat in their action,
but none so much as this. One person, in health or disease may take
ten drops of the mother tincture and perceive no effects from it;
another will be made blind and paralytic from the same number of
drops of the first attenuation. There are many things about the action
of Gelseminum which need clearing up. This, time and the investi-
gation of studious physicians, can only effect.
The following cases are reported by Dr, W. James Blakely:
448
NEW REMEDIES,
Case 1st.-Menorrhagia. Mrs. G., aged about 40; nervo-bilious
temperament. Has had menorrhagia for the past three or four
months; upon further inquiry, she states that she has had a discharge
of blood, per vaginum, almost continuously for that length of time,
but cannot describe any particular symptoms. In appearance, she is
healthy, her appetite is fair, and she sleeps well, complaining only of
the unpleasantness of the discharge. In the absence of indications
for any drug, I gave her Gelseminum, tincture, five drops three times
a day. In about a month she reported, through her husband, that
the medicine had promptly relieved her, and that for some time she
had been perfectly well.
Case 2d.-Ineffiçient labor-pains. Mrs. S., aged 39. Strong
constitution, accustomed to hard labor; nervo-bilious temperament;
has had seven children. She went into labor Jan. 17th, 1866; I was
called to her Jan. 19th, about 1 P. M. I found her suffering from
very severe pains in the back, uterus dilating, but pains not progress-
ing; constant agitation of the body, headache and flushed face, weep-
ing and complaining. I gave her Gelseminum, tincture, five drops;
pure water, one ounce; a teaspoonful every half hour. In a short
time the patient was calm and easy, and for about three hours, en-
tirely free from the distressing pains in the back. After this time
had elapsed, regular expulsive pains came on, the uterus dilated fully
and the membranes were ruptured. Within two hours the pains be-
came so violent that I delivered with forceps.
Case 3d.-False pains. Mrs. J. C., aged 25. Has had eleven
children. Membranes ruptured two days before I was called, in con-
sequence, as she says, of a fall; but she had no pains until to-night,
(Jan. 25th, 1866); period of gestation not completed by about three
weeks. I found her suffering from severe expulsive pains; the os
uteri dilated to about the size of a half dime,
ing. I gave her Gelseminum, tincture; five
pure water, a teaspoonful every half hour.
the pains ceased, the os uteri become soft and
selpt calmly for several hours.
hard, rigid and unyield-
drops in one ounce of
After one or two doses
pliable, and the patient
N. B.-Feb. 10th.—The patient has not been confined yet; the
os uteri has become firmly closed. Through indiscretion on her part,
she has had several returns of the pains, which have, however, each
time been promptly removed.
Case 4th.-Convulsions.-C. K., aged three years. I was called
in great haste, about 11, P. M., to see this child. I found her lying
in bed, quiet, but with considerable fever, flushed face and throbbing
of the arteries. She had had a severe convulsion, with violent con-
tractions of the limbs, hot and bloated face, etc. The family had
been too much alarmed to notice particular symptoms, so acting upo n
those I had learned, I gave Gelseminum tincture, in drop doses every
hour. She recovered promptly without another attack.
Case 5th.-Gonorrhea. The case was related to me by an allo-
pathic physician. A gentleman, during an absence from home, had
contracted gonorrhoea. He came to my informant and requested
some medicine which would put him in a condition to enable him to
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS
449
decline having correspondence with his wife. He received a quan-
tity of Gelseminum root, to be steeped in boiling water, and of which
he was to take a half a teacupful, in order to produce relaxation of
the parts. "The same evening, about 11, P. M.," said my informant,
"I was summoned to him in great haste. I found him sitting up in
bed, and his first remark was, ' Doctor, I am entirely blind.' Both
he and his family were very much alarmed, but I succeeded in quiet-
ing their apprehensions. The next day he was quite well again, and
what was surprising to me, perfectly cured of his gonorrhoea.'
In the treatment of the form of puerpural convulsions depending
on Uræmia, I should place much reliance on the remedial powers of
Gelseminum. It will be found of much service in moderating the
violence of the fits, as well as to run off, by its diuretic effects, some
of the urea and carbonate of Ammonia upon which the morbid condi-
tion depends
Of the use of Gelseminum in rigid os uteri, Dr. John King
says:
It has, within the last few years, been recommended to over-
come this difficulty, and I have administered it in a considerable
number of cases with benefit. It possesses an advantage over
Lobelia in not causing nausea and vomiting, but as a general rule its
influence is not so readily experienced as with that drug, and when
once effected is of a more permanent character." (Do not give so
much then, Doctor.) Prof. Cleveland, Dr. L. E. Miller, and many
other writers, eminent in the Eclectic and Allopathic schools, speak
very highly of the use of Gelseminum in difficult labor from rigidity
of the os or vagina. They consider it much more efficient, and its
administration attended with much less suffering and danger than
Chloroform, Belladonna, Lobelia, or artificial dilatation. I think that
Gelseminum, in rigidity of the os uteri, is superior to any remedy
used in our school. It may be applied locally to the os, in the form
of the glycerole of Gelseminum, one or two drams, with the finger.
Croserio advises the administration of a few pellets of the thir-
tieth [] of Belladonna.
Jabr says,
If the neck should remain
closed, and a hard rim should be felt all around the orifice, three
globules of Belladonna, dry upon the tongue will bring about the
regular evolution of the progress of labor," or "if the dilatation of
the vagina proceed too slowly, or be too painful, a few doses of Coffea,
Secale, Pulsatilla or Nux vomica, will remedy this trouble." This
latter prescription is much more scientific than the former, for Coffea,
Secale, Pulsatilla and Nux vomica undoubtedly cause rigidity of the
vagina and os uteri, as a primary effect. But there is not a particle
of proof that Belladonna does On the contrary, the well-known and
invariable primary effect of Belladonna is to cause paralysis or relax-
ation of all the sphincter muscles. Gelseminum has many points of
resemblance to Belladonna, bat none more similar than its effects on
the sphincter and circular muscles, all of which are primarily relaxed
and even paralyzed. It dilates the pupil, paralyses the glottis, re-
laxes the sphincter of the bladder and rectum, and those muscles of
the os uteri and vagina upon which their contractile power depends.
While, then, it has a similar action to the Belladouna, it can be used
29
450
NEW REMEDIES
with greater safety, for its effects are generally transient, and may be
controlled, if excessive, by such a general remedy as common salt;
or specific, such as Secale or Caulophyllin. The large doses advised
by eclectics are not necessary. From two to five drops of the tincture,
or even first dilution, if good, will in most cases be found sufficient.
There is one other argument for the use of Gelseminum in some dif-
ficult labors, which, if made reliable by the test of observation and
experience, will bring the remedy into deservedly high repute. I
allude to the statement made by several prominent writers, but par-
ticularly by Coe, whom I quote as follows: "Some division of opinion
exists in relation to the true action of this remedy upon the uterus.
We have had considerable experience in the treatment of female dis-
orders, and have used the preparations of Gelseminum quite exten-
sively. For five years past we have employed it as a parturifacient,
and with better satisfaction than any other remedy. We use it for
the purpose of relieving cramps, or other spasmodic difficulties, ver-
tigo, nervous irritability, wakefulness and other symptoms accompany-
ing gestation. It seems to prepare the system for the parturient
effort, and labor is completed in an unusally short period of time.
When administered in small doses, it gently stimulates uterine con-
traction, but when given in large doses it will arrest the progress of
labor with much certainty." The same writer seeks to account for
this and other peculiarities of its action as follows: "Gelseminum
is one of those medicines which are peculiarly governed in their
action by the quantity administered. Thus, in small doses, it acts as
a gentle stimulant to the nervous system, giving vigor and harmony
of action; while in large doses it proves a powerful relaxant, com-
pletely prostrating the muscular system, and by over-stimulating the
brain and nerves, produces irregular and disturbed nervous action."
This sentence undoubtedly embodies the real sphere of action of this
wonderful remedy, as well as the true rationale of its curative powers
in disease. The explanation is worthy of the staunchest disciple of
Hahnemann, for it indicates as strongly as words can, that it cures
according to the law of Similia; i. e., it cures in small doses, that
which it causes in large.
Air Passages.-Paroxysms of hoarseness, with dryness of the
throat; voice seems weak; sneezing followed by tingling and fullness
in the nose; sneezing with dull headache; tingling in nose; paraly.
sis of the glottis with difficulty of swallowing; ineffectual efforts to
articulate; voice thick, as if the tongue was too large; cough from
tickling and dry roughness of the fauces; burning in the larynx and
down in the chest, under the sternum; a sensation of soreness in the
chest when coughing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Douglas considers it almost a spe-
cific for ordinary catarrhal fever, with the usual symptoms of sneez-
ing, watery coryza, soreness of the throat, and cough, with rawness
in the chest. During the winter of 1860-61 I treated a great many
cases of severe influenza, then epidemic, in which the symptoms
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS:
451
much resembled the above, only more intense, often nearly approach-
ing to acute bronchitis. Gelseminum was the principal remedy relied
upon. It seemed to act very favorably in cutting short, or modifying
the disease. Only a few cases needed Phosphorus or Mercurius iod.
in alternation. In acute bronchitis it will doubtless be found as use-
ful as Aconite or Tartar emetic. In aphonia from catarrhal paralysis
it is fully indicated, in small doses. (See case reported under head
of "Throat.")
Dr. S. A. Merrill reports:* "In many catarrhal affections I
have found the Gelseminum to act very finely, even in severe coughs,
with (in children) a metallic sound somewhat like croup.
One per-
son came to me recently with a very severe cough, accompanied with
a good deal of pain in the chest in places, tenderness in the epigas-
trium with vomiting in the paroxysms. Gave the ordinary remedies
for several days without any effect whatever. Gelseminum is acting
like a charm.
"I think our professional friends will find the Gelseminum a very
useful remedy in these affections, many of them growing out of the
relaxed and debilitated condition of the system on the return of
warm weather at the close of our winters. At any rate let them
observe and report."
Thoracic Organs.-Stitching sensation in the region of the
heart; constrictive pain around the lower part of the chest; short,
paroxysmal pain in the superior part of the right lung, on taking a
long breath, with stitches from above downwards. The pain in the
lungs is one of the most prominent symptoms. Periodical pains in
the pectoral muscles; offensive breath; slow breathing and slow
pulse, (secondary). Sudden sensation of suffocation, as in hysteria;
respiration almost imperceptible; sighing respiration (In men).
Breathing unnaturally slow; heavy and labored respirations; inspi-
rations were of a sighing, catching character; slow breathing, with
rapid pulse (primary). Respiration hurried and seemingly painful;
inspirations long, with croupy sound; expirations sudden and
forcible.
Pathology.-The following pathological appearances have been
observed by Dr. Miller and myself, in animals poisoned by Gelsem-
inum: Active hyperemia of the lungs; lungs highly congested,
heavy, sinking in water, but evidently not inflamed; lungs bluish at
the base, crepitating but little, and filled with venous blood.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-But few painful symptoms of the chest
have been observed by the provers of Gelseminum. This I presume
can be accounted for on the supposition which the pathological
appearances seem to upho d, that it does not cause inflammation, or
any disturbance of the nerves of sensation of the thoracic organs.
In this respect it ranks with Aconite and Veratrum viride. It
* Amer. Hom. Observer, Vol. III, p. 217.
452
NEW REMEDIES.
undoubtedly first attacks the nerves which control the respiratory
movements, acting primarily as a sedative, causing more or less paral-
ysis; and secondarily, irritating the same respiratory nerves into
irregular and spasmodic action, with concomitant hyperæmia. The
venous congestion, I imagine to be the result of an inability of the
veins to return the blood to the heart, from paralysis. The
secondary symptoms shown by the dogs, were evidently of a spas-
modic character, as regards the respiratory efforts, while the primary
respiratory symptoms, were as evidently the result of a sedative influ
ence on the nerves.
The therapeutic sphere of Gelseminum in thoracic affections may
be briefly summed up: It is primarily indicated in paralysis or
debility of the lungs, of a nervous origin, and in passive congestion;
it is secondarily indicated in all affections of the lungs and pleura,
which are marked by erethism, or vascular irritation; or when con-
gestion is to be feared, or is already present; also in all spasmodic
affections of the lungs and diaphragm, such as convulsive hiccough,
certain forms of asthma, spasms of the air passages, convulsive coughs,
etc. In real pneumonia and pleurisy, it is not truly homoeopathic,
but may be used with benefit.
Dr. J. S. Douglas says: "A word in regard to the homœopath
icity of Gelseminum in inflammations, as pneumonia, etc., etc. In all
inflammatory diseases, there is a forming or congestive stage, charac
terized by chilliness, depressed pulse, etc. According to my view, to
this stage, and this only, is Gelseminum homoeopathic. When this
stage is passed, and congestion gives place to inflammation, the indi-
cation for Gelseminum ceases, and that for Aconite begins. This is
the clear distinction which I make between these two valuable drugs.
I do not, however, mean to exclude Aconite from the congestive
stage of inflammatory diseases, but I believe Gelseminum still more
strongly indicated."
Dr. Morgan, of Philadelphia, writes: "In pneumonia and bron-
chitis, with characteristic sputa, and fever, but without the anxiety
and impatience of Aconite, but a quiet, unexcited manner, impressible
withal, it entirely supplants this in the earlier stages. It seems to have
a special relation to affections from cold air acting on the skin. It
proved curative in drop doses of the tincture, every six hours, in
bronchitic pernicious fever."
The remarks of Dr. Marcy, relative to the action of Aconite on
the lungs, are perfectly applicable, it appears to me, to Gelseminum:
"It is highly probable, as I have already observed, that many of the
pulmonary symptoms, produced by Aconite, are due to its specific
action upon the brain, rather than any direct impressions on the
lungs. Normal respiration and circulation can only be sustained by
an unimpaired condition of the brain. Even when the impression
upon this organ is slight, we observe an immediate change in the
action of the heart and lungs. The inhalation of Chloroform or
Ether, for example, which exercises a specific influence upon the
brain, causes an almost immediate acceleration of respiration and cir-
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
453
culation-the pulse often rising to 140, and the respiration to 26 or
more, in the minute."
I have called attention already to the similarity of Gelsemiuum
to Chloroform. It is probable that as soon as the Gelseminum pro-
duces a decided impression upon the brain, the symptoms of pulmon-
ary sedation cease, because counteracted by the cerebral influences,
and we have acceleration of the respiration and circulation. Let it
be borne in mind too, that in some spinal diseases, various spasmodic
affections of the lungs set in. The influence of Gelseminum on the
spinal cord may induce similar symptoms. Dr. Douglas says:
the first stage of the disease, (pneumonia) as in most other inflamma-
tory diseases, Gelseminum is capable of breaking up the disease in
the first twenty-four hours, by producing free perspiration. Repeat
it as occasion requires till the fever and pain abate. Gelseminum is
more prompt and effectual than Aconite and Bryonia if given at an
early stage."
"In
Back and Neck.—Dull, aching pain in back, particularly in lum.
bar and sacral region; pains in the neck, which confine themselves to
the upper part of the sterno-cleido mastoid muscles directly back of
the parotid glands; dull pain under scapula of left side; pain in the
back as in the cold stage of ague, (in many cases); chilliness and
chills running up the back from the loins to the nape of the neck;
contractive sensations in the right side of the neck; a settled, dull,
dragging headache, mainly in the occiput, mastoid and upper cervical
region, extending to the shoulders, relieved when sitting, and by
reclining the head and shoulders on a high pillow; aching in the left
anterior part of the trapezius muscle; aching in the sacro-iliac and
lumbar regions, and the lower part of the left thigh, as when a fever
ás commencing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No remedy more certainly causes myal-
gia by its secondary action, than Gelseminum, and no remedy is more
certain to relieve such pains, temporarily at least. (See Dr. Moore's
case on page 406). It is most useful in the acute variety; when
chronic, myalgia must be treated by China, Nux, Helonias, etc. (See
Inmann's treatise on myalgia). It is homoeopathic and curative, as I
have often verified, in many of those aches and pains in the back,
shoulders, neck and occiput, which so often precede or follow attacks
of ague or nervous fevers; also when these or similar pains are of a
neuralgic nature, arising from some form of spinal irritation; or come
on as the result of a cold, having somewhat of a rheumatic character.
It will doubtless prove to be homoeopathic to many of those anoma-
lous cases of spinal irritation, or chronic myelitis, which resist the
usual remedies. In paralytic conditions of the lumbar or sacral mus-
cles, it is especially indicated:
Upper Extremities.-Deep seated, dull, aching pains in upper
and lower extremities, and joints generally; severe pain in both
454
NEW REMEDIES.
upper extremities; seemed to be deep-seated in muscles; the pains
were most in left arm and fore-arm; severe aching pain in left elbow;
rheumatic pain in extremities; sharp shooting in last phalangeal joint
of right thumb; dull pains in muscles of right arm and shoulder, and
some of the time in the left arm; sharp pain in right wrist; weak-
ness and numbness of both arms; coldness of the wrists and hands;
itching about the elbows and fore-arms; some heat and dryness of
the hands; the palms feel hot and dry; drawing ache about the left
elbow. From large doses the arms become powerless, with loss of
voluntary motion; sensation remains intact.
In dogs poisoned with Gelseminum, the fore legs were not paral-
yzed until some time after the hinder limbs. In attempting to walk
-dragging the posterior extremities-the fore legs tottered as if
weak, and finally gave way; then clonic contractions seized them.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It would seem to be homoeopathic to
paralysis of the arms, with loss of motion, but not sensation (the reverse
is true of Aconite), also when the paralyzed arms are affected with
cramps and contractions. It may be found useful in some forms of
rheumatism of the arms, induced by a cold, and not inflammatory,
attended with loss of motion.
Lower Extremities.-Dull pain in the left thigh; dull pain in
left humeral region, also in lower extremities-these are deep-seated
in the muscles; rheumatic pains in bones and joints of extremities.
and in the back; deep-seated, aching pains in muscles of extremities,
relieved by motion; severe pain in calves of both legs; paroxysmal
pain in the left lower extremity; shooting pain in calf of right leg;
violent shooting pain in the leg, which comes on in paroxysms; every
one is more violent; the pain is half way between the knee and ankle i
pain in hip of left side, confining itself to the joint; it at times
extends to the outside of the thigh; the pain is of a drawing, sharp
character, and much worse on motion; pain in little finger and the
one next to it; pains in left foot and ankle, with spasmodic contrac-
tion and drawing pain in the toes; excessive drawing, contracting and
crampy pains in the lower limbs, extending from the thighs to the
toes-the pains seem to proceed from the bones as well as the mus-
cles; excessive crampy pains in the whole right foot; during and
after a walk the symptoms are much aggravated; it seems as if the
limbs could not be made to move another step; when the pains are
felt above the knee, they are not felt below, and vice versa; excessive,
drawing and contracting pains in the gastrocnemius muscle of the
left leg; the other pains in the limbs all abate while sitting; this
does not; no position seems to relieve it; drawing and aching pains,
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
455
which seem to come from the bones; heaviness and feeling of weight in
the limbs; coldness of the extremities, especially the feet, often
severe; feet feel as if in cold water, aguish feeling, with pain in the
legs; pain in popliteal spaces; aching in the left rectus-femoris
muscle, and drawing in the right calf; transient crampy pain in the
inner part of the thigh when walking; rheumatic pain in the right
knee, and left side of the neck-the latter when lying down; the
former when walking; while walking a feeling in the knee joint as if
the relation of the bones were deranged, and did not fit, as in partial
luxation; pains in the left thigh and knee; sudden catch or twist in
the inside of the patella. Paralytic symptoms made themselves mani-
fest throughout the entire muscular system-first experienced in the
knee, and then in the inferior tibial region, increased unto falling.
Loss of voluntary motion in the lower extremities; fatigue of the
lower limbs after slight exercise; soreness in the gastrocnemii mus-
cles as if they had been beaten. The paralysis caused by Gelsem-
inum is first manifested in the lower limbs, which become weak and
then powerless, but with no loss of sensation, at least not until the
near approach of death.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems to be homoeopathic to rheu
matic (myalgic) pains in the legs, accompanied by crampy sensations
and weakness of the knees. (See case reported under heading
"Throat.")
Skin. The Gelseminum produces a very marked eruption in
most of the cases. It appears upon the face most frequently, but
sometimes also upon the back, and between the shoulders. It is pap-
ulous, very much the color of measles, which it closely resembles,
but the papulæ are more distant and distinct. Though very conspic-
uous, they are attended with little or no sensation-the patient being
unaware of any eruption until he happens to see himself. Persons
have frequently been asked what was the matter, or if they had the
measles, when they were not aware of the eruption. It generally
appears the second or third day of the proving, and continues one or
two weeks or more. An eruption of vesico-pustules-painless, but
having no other analogy with measles-appeared, during proving, on
the inside of the thighs.
Intense but transient itching of small points on the face, at the
edge of the hair, and on the scalp; pimples, quite sore, having the
areola embracing the diameter of a pea, red and inflamed (such an
eruption not experienced at any other time). The pimples appeared
on the forehead and neck, sore to the touch, and seemed like a small
cutaneous induration, or minute furunculi. They finally disappeared
456
NEW REMEDIES.
without suppuration. During its use in yellow fever a constant ery-
thema of the skin was noticed, and a redness of the tongue; neither
appearing during the administration of Veratrum viride.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Its action on the skin is at once specific
and peculiar, taking into consideration its catarrhal symptoms, we may
consider it indicated in measles, as well as some other painless non-
suppurating eruptions. Its use in erysipelas and exanthematous
fever, has already been alluded to. Dr. Coe writes: "We have
found the tincture an excellent remedy for poisoning by the Rhus
toxicodendron and Rhus radicans. Dilute the tincture with from four
to eight parts of water, and apply as directed for erysipelas, keeping
the parts constantly moistened with it. If there be any febrile excite-
ment present, administer the tincture internally at the same time.
* We have experienced the value of this remedy in our own
person, and can recommend it as reliable. Other practitioners have
used it with success. * * Many forms of skin diseases [what?]
may be benefitted and cured by the internal and external application
of the tincture.”
Sleep. Very restless; during the night was very restless with
unpleasant dreams after midnight; but little inclination to sleep;
when it does come on, dreams much of business, etc. Disposition to
sleep, a sort of stupor; cannot keep the eyes open; is obliged to lie
down and sleep. Drowsiness, and long, sound sleep are very general
symptoms. Drowsiness, with dimness of vision; kind of drunken
stupor; heaviness of the eyes as after night-watching; at first it
seemed to cause drowsiness; afterwards aggravated the habitual
sleeplessness; unusually sound morning sleep, with difficult, weary
waking, (after taking twenty-five drops the day and evening previous.)
Languor and drowsiness when trying to study; slept an hour in the
afternoon, and on being roused, felt unwilling at first, to move; eyes
transiently bloodshot. It cannot be considered a narcotic, ranking
with Opium, still, it has some narcotic traits, in common with
Aconite, Chloroform, Alcohol, or Hyoscyamus. Unless taken in large
quantities, it rarely induces sleep by its direct effects, but it may
give sleep by removing nervous erethism. It more resembles the
so-called nervines, Scutellaria, Cypripedium, etc.
We have the following opinions of the writings of other schools:
Prof. Tully considered it a narcotic, and places it in a group with
Spigelia. It must be borne in mind that Gelseminum is narcotic.
Some division of opinion exists as to whether the Gelseminum has a
narcotic property. We should think that a very slight experience
would be sufficient to decide this question. When the patient is
brought fully under its constitutional influence, the symptoms are so
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
457
marked that we cannot conceive how the remedy could be deemed
otherwise. On attempting to move about, the patient appears as if
intoxicated; the muscles refuse to obey the mandates of the will,
while the head is dizzy and the senses confused. In some respects
the symptoms resemble those produced by Stramonium, and in like
manner pass off as soon as the remedy is discontinued. At other
times the patient appears as if under the influence of Alcohol, and
evinces a decided disinclination to move, and tendency to sleep, from
which he awakes invigorated and refreshed."-(Coe.)
"Whether it is a narcotic, is not yet satisfactorily established."
-(King.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In those comatose states caused by cer-
ebral congestion, we shall find it a valuable remedy. I have called
attention to its usefulness in the stupor attending the fevers of chil-
dren. (Infantile remittents) It will be equally useful in the stupor
of typhus cerebralis, or any form of typhoid when coma is a
prominent symptom, and the other symptoms correspond.
It may
also be beneficial in the low delirium of typhoid fever. When used
for the above, the low dilutions are advised. In that peculiar stupor,
or drowsiness felt by students and persons of sedentary habits,
especially in hot weather, and not caused by hepatic torpor, this
remedy in small doses, continued for many days, is as capable of
affording relief as any drug I have ever used. When depending on
hepatic derangements, it is removed by Podophyllin, Leptandria, or
Nux vomica.
In Delirium tremens, or morbid wakefulness of drunkards, large
doses, (five or ten drops,) of the tincture, repeated as often as neces-
sary, will be found as useful as Opium in some cases, and more
efficient in others. No remedy so happily controls the sleeplessness
and agitation of teething children, students, persons laboring under
mental excitement, or hysteric females. The first dilution will
usually suffice.
Case reported by Dr. Lodge. A commercial traveler asked for
advice under the following circumstances: He said that he was
engaged during the day taking orders, settling accounts, etc., nerves
on the stretch all the time; that at night he would go to bed with a
feeling of exhaustion, and great desire for sleep, but without obtaining
any rest; the transactions of the day would be turned over in his
mind again and again-repose coveted but not gained. I gave him
a drachm vial of tincture of Gelseminum, with directions to take
three or four drops in water when retiring. The prescription was
successful. A few months afterwards he reported that it was only
necessary to resort to the Gelseminum occasionally, but that when he
did use it, it calmed his nervous system, produced slight perspiration
and quiet, refreshing sleep. In sleeplessness from nervous irritation
it is invaluable.
General Symptoms.-Weakness and trembling throughout the
458
NEW REMEDIES
entire system; listless and languid; great lassitude; feeling of light-
ness in the body; fear of falling; easily fatigued; general feeling
of illness, as in fever; so prostrated that he can move neither hand
or foot; no power over any muscle; strange, indescribable feeling
throughout the entire system.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The only symptom in the above which
we need to notice in this place is the one in italics. It very fre-
quently appears in persons suffering from spinal exhaustion, particu-
larly when caused by onanism. This fact I have observed in several
A very few other remedies in our Materia Medica have this
symptom. (Ambragrisea.)
cases.
PROVING BY DR. EDWARD Ñ. AMOSS.
*
Gelseminum 6th, one drop to a half tumbler of water; a teaspoon-
ful every two or three hours.
A dull, full feeling, attended with severe aching, in the whole of
the orbits. A feeling as if something remained behind in urinating;
the stream stops and commences again. A dull, full aching, extend-
ing from the ensiform cartilage along under the free ends of the right
short ribs to the lumbar region, as if the liver was congested. The
worst pain is about a hand's breadth from the sternum. Continued
jerking in the right sartorius muscle, about the middle of the thigh;
A slight, sharp, cramp like pain in the left gastrocnemius, about the
largest part of the muscle. Drowsiness in the forenoon. Cramp in
the instep of the right foot; cramp in the right side, in the region of
the last short rib. The piles return, with raw, smarting pain; a dull
and light headache all over the front and top of the head, after sleep
in the forenoon; also, after sleep in the evening; light head. Slight
dryness of the mouth and throat, with a disposition to swallow fre-
quently; the dryness is like that produced by eating salt bacon, but
no bacon has been eaten to-day. Feeling of relaxation of the whole
body, especially of the hands and feet, with indisposition to move.
Breathing slow and superficial, with now and then a deep inhalation.
Pulse slow and weak; cough hacking, with feeling as though a drop
of liquid had entered the wind-pipe, with frequent clearing of the
throat.
In eating, the food drops into the trachea, causing strangling.
Sharp stitch through the eyeball, from within outwards. Sharp
stitches of pain, as of drawing or cramping of single fasciculus of
muscle about the origin of the gluteus maximus, on the left side; the
stitches run in the direction of the hip joint. Drawing pain in the
*This proving was part of a Thesis presented to the Homœopathic Medical College, of
Missouri in 1860.
GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS.
459
hamstring, extending across the joint to the origin of the gastrocne-
mius muscle. Drawing stitches in the dorsum of the right hand,
running down into the middle and ring fingers. Pain in the stomach
extending from the pyloric end to the axilla, and under the scapula,
and down the right arm to the external side of the forearm, which
terminates about a hands breadth from the elbow. This passed off
after taking biscuit and coffee.
Sore feeling during deglutition about the root of the tongue and
larynx, with an accumulation of mucus in the upper portion of the
trachea, causing frequent clearing of the throat. Slight griping pain
through the abdomen, mostly in the umbilical region, after supper.
One of the right inguinal glands became swollen and tender to the
touch. Two little painful spots on each side of the umbilicus, ex-
tending down into the bowels; the pain is increased by pressure.
End of second day's proving.
Continued proving the 6th dilution; two drops in half a tum-
bler of water, two teaspoonfuls at a dose.
Slight jerking in the rectus muscle of the right thigh. Slight
jerking in the vastus externus muscle right thigh, near the knee.
Burning sensation around the inner canthus of the right eye. Full
feeling in the whole head, with some throbbing and uneasiness in the
occiput; the head feels full and excited, or feverish.
Sharp stitches around the umbilicus; weak, nauseated feeling in
the bowels. Mucus accumulates in the nose and upper part of the
trachea. The mucus slips into the trachea while talking, which
keeps up a hacking cough. Languid feeling of the whole body,
especially of the hands and feet.
GERANIUM MACULATUM.
(Cranesbill.)
ANALOGUES.-Acidum gallicum, Acidum tannicum, Alnus rubra,(?)
Alumina, Erigeron (?) Galium (?) Hamamelis, Hamatoxylum,
Lycopus (?) Plumbum aceticum, Rhus glabrum, Ratanhia, Rheum.
Uva ursi.
The
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is also known by the names
of Cranesbill, Geranium, Spotted Geranium, Alum root, Crow-
foot, etc. It has a perennial, horizontal, thick, rough, knobby and
fleshy root, with short fibres, and sends up annually one or more erect,
angular, or round, retroversely pubescent, herbaceous, dichotomous
stems, from one to two feet high, and of a grayish green color.
leaves are spreading, hairy, palmate, with three, five or seven deeply
cleft lobes, two leaves at each fork; the lobes are cuneiform and
entire at the base, incisely serrate above. The radical-leaves are on
long petioles, erect and terate; the leaves at the top are opposite and
subsessile, and those at the middle of the stem are opposite, petiolate,
and generally reflexed. The stipules are linear or lanceolate.
flowers are large and generally purple, mostly in pairs, on unequal
pedicles, sometimes umbelled at the ends of the peduncles. Pedun-
cles long, round, hairy, tumid at the base, and arise from dichotomous
divisions of the stem. The calyx consists of five oval, lanceolate,
ribbed, cuspidate sepals, plumosely ciliate on their outer margin, and
membranous on the other; sometimes three only of the sepals are
ciliate. The petals are five, obovate, entire, light purple, marked
with green at their base. The stamens are ten, erect or curving out-
ward, alternately longer, furnished at the base with glands and ter-
minated by oblong, convex, deciduous, purple anthers.
The ovary
The
is ovate, bearing five styles, at first about the length of the stamens,
but afterwards longer. They cohere to a permanent central axis be-
fore maturity, but separate from it in a twisted form when the seed
is ripe. Stigmas five, at first erect, afterwards recurved. The fruit
consists of five aggregated, one-seeded capsule, attached by a beak
to the persistent style, and curling up and scattering the seeds when
ripe.
HISTORY.-Geranium is an indigenous plant, growing in all parts
of the United States, in open woods, thickets and hedges, flowering
from April to June. There are several varieties of this species,
which are probably similar in medicinal virtues to the G. maculatum.
The root is the officinal part, and should be collected late in the
autumn. When dried it is in pieces, from one to three inches in
length, and from a quarter to half an inch in diameter; somewhat flat-
tened, contracted, wrinkled, tuberculated, beset with slender fibers.
It is of an amber brown color externally, reddish-gray internally,
GERANIUM MACULATUM.
461
compact, of an astringent taste, without bitterness, or other unpleas-
ant flavor. Water or alcohol extracts its virtues. It contains a con-
siderable amount of Tannic and Gallic acid, some mucilage, amælin,
red coloring matter from the cortex, a small quantity of resin, and a
peculiar crystallizable principle. A concentrated article is prepared
from it, and used by the eclectics under the name of Geranin. An
analysis of the Geranium root shows that in 7000 grains of the root,
there are:
Tannin*
Gallic acid
Resin, (soluble in ether,)
136 grs.
120 "
224
216
(insoluble in ether,)
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the root, dilutions; tritu-
rations of dry root; triturations of Geranin.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The Cranesbill is said to have been used ex-
tensively by the aborigines as a medicine. It has always been in
common use in domestic practice, in the country, for the arrest of
abnormal discharges-such as diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, and even passive
hæmorrhages. We give below the estimate of its qualities by the
various writers of the opposite schools of medicine:
King says it is a powerful astringent. "Used in the second stage
of dysentery, diarrhoea and cholera infantum, in infusion with milk.
Both internally and externally, it may be used wherever astringents
are indicated-in hæmorrhages, indolent ulcers, aphthous sore mouth,
ophthalmia, leucorrhoea, gleet, hæmaturia, menorrhagia, diabetes, and
all excessive mucous discharges; also to cure mercurial salivation.'
"A decoction of the root may be used as a gargle in relaxation of
the uvula, and aphthous ulcerations of the throat. As it is void of
unpleasant taste or other offensive qualities, it is peculiarly servicea-
ble in the cases of infants, or persons with very delicate stomachs.
In cases of bleeding piles, a strong decoction of the root may be in-
jected into the rectum, and which should be retained as long as
possible. Piles are said to be cured by adding of the root in fine
powder, two ounces, to tobacco ointment seven ounces, and apply to
the parts, three or four times a day. Troublesome epistaxis, bleeding
from wounds or small vessels and from the extraction of teeth, may
be checked effectually by applying the powder to the bleeding orifice,
and if possible covering with a compress of cotton.
With Aletris
farinosa in decoction, and taken internally, it has proved of superior
efficacy in diabetes and Bright's disease of the kidney.
decoction of two parts of Geranium and one of Sanguinaria forms
an excellent injection for gleet and leucorrhoea. Dose of the powder,
from twenty to thirty grains; of the decoction, from one to two fluid
ounces.'
A
*The Tannin and Gallic acid of Geranium differs from that of oak galls, in not reddening
vegetable blues, and not passing over in distillation. A hydro-alcoholic tincture is evidently
the only proper preparation, as being the only one that contains all the virtues of the plant.
Triturations of the root are also reliable.
62
NEW REMEDIES.
Other eclectic writers only corroborate King's statements of its
value in intestinal disorders, hæmorrhages, etc. Allopathic authori-
ties say but little about it, preferring to use the more powerful
astringents in use by that school. Drs. Eberle and Barton, however,
recommended it highly as a safer astringent than the mineral agents
of that character. Rafinesque, who seems to be the first to investigate
the qualities of the Geranium, says "it is not only deserving the
name of American Kino, but to be introduced into the Materia Med-
ica as a superior equivalent. It is a better tonic than Kino, and
therefore preferable to it in the treatment of morbid fluxes, connected
with relaxation and debility." He learned from the Indians that they
used it in wounds, gonorrhoea, ulcers on the legs, diabetes, involun-
tary discharge of urine, bloody urine, menorrhagia, etc.
"The gen-
eral effects on the system are to give tone to the bowels and stomach,
stop all immoderate discharges, and prevent internal mortification,
It has also been recommended in scurvy, nephritis, and phthisical
diarrhoea, but does not avail much in these disorders." A Dr. Harris
claims to have cured a periodical hæmoptysis with it.
Dr. Coe* makes the somewhat bold assertion that "In its action, it
differs somewhat from astringents generally, in promoting instead of
suppressing the secreting power of the mucous surfaces and leaving
them moist and invigorated in their functions." He says it has been
used with more success in the treatment of dysentery than any other
astringent, and claims that is admissable in all the different stages, an
opinion at variance with that of other authors. When the discharges
from the bowels are profuse, the skin hot, dry and constricted, and
the tongue and fauces red, parched and inflamed, Coe advises Gera-
nin combined with Asclepin. in proportion of 20 grains of the former
to 10 of the latter. This is divided into ten powders, and one is
given every hour. "In a short time," he says, "after commencing
the use of this remedy, the mucous surfaces will resume their secre-
tive action, and become moist, and a gentle moisture will appear upon
the skin, while the dejection from the bowels will have become less
frequent and more healthy in appearance." If the pains are spasmodic
he advises Caulophyllin in addition.
We do not quite understand Coe's pathology. We had supposed
that the mucous surfaces of the intestines, in dysentery, secreted an
abnormal amount of mucus. Perhaps Coe only alluded to the mouth
and tongue, but if so he should have been more explicit. Coe also
advises it in passive hæmorrhages, diarrhoea, cholera infantum, leu-
corrhoea, gleet, diabetes, aphthæ, etc., but as he administered it in
nearly all cases in combination, but little reliance can be placed upon
his recommendations.
Professor Lee, in commenting on the analysis, says: "While it
contains less than half as great a percentage of tannin as the bark of
the root of Sumach, yet its proportion of gallic acid is nearly three
times as great, and to this circumstance must, doubtless, be attributed
*Con. Org. Med.
† Journal of Materia Medica, Vol. I, p. 189.
GERANIUM MACULATUM.
463
its greater astringent power. Its medical properties, moreover, are
modified in a special manner by the resin, oleo-resin, and other prox.
imate principles contained in it."
"As to
Concerning its therapeutical uses, Lee repeats the recommenda-
tions of other writers. He criticises Coc's assertion thus:
its (Geranin) possessing any power to promote secretion from the
mucous surfaces, no one can believe it who has used it to any extent.
It may not constringe the capillaries so much as pure Tannin or Gallic
acid, or the more powerful astringents; but yet it produces this
effect to a greater or less degree, as is obvious from the dryness of
the mouth and fauces, constipation, etc., which results from its con-
tinued use." We shall comment upon this further on.
We believe this plant has not been used in homeopathic practice
by any one but myself. If such has been the case, it has not come to
my knowledge, and no mention has been made of it in any of our
periodicals. I have, however, observed its use in many cases of dis-
ease, and have had considerable opportunity to observe its curative
effects. My attention was first called to the remedy by observing the
promptitude of its action in certain cases of diarrhoea, from loss of
tone in the mucous membrane of the bowels, or in the discharges
which continue after the inflammatory stage of a dysentery. In such
instances I have known discharges to cease under the action of Ger-
anium, when they had resisted the careful and persevering use of the
ordinary homoeopathic remedies, One fact arrested my attention,
namely that it was rarely used by intelligent laymen or physicians,
(Eclectic,) until the inflammatory conditions had passed away; and
that if used too soon, it was very sure to aggravate the conditions. In
this respect it acted very much as does Rheum in the hands of Allo-
pathic physicians.
These observations led me to inquire whether there was not some-
thing in the medicinal action of astringents, that would account for
this favorable action, under certain circumstances. In other words,
could not their curative action be made to accord with the law of
similia, and with the law of dose, which is the necessary result of
that law.
To illustrate the curative action of Geranium, I here present sev-
eral cases, which were treated by me or came under my observation.
Case 1st.-A gentleman had been troubled for a long time with a
copious secretion of mucus about the fauces, obliging him to con-
stantly "hawk" and clear the throat, much to his annoyance. The
condition originated in an acute catarrhal attack, which occurred
several months before. An examination showed no traces of present
464
NEW REMEDIES.
inflammatory action; the mucous membrane looked pale and relaxed,
and large drops and clots of mucus adhered to the fauces. I used
for a reasonable time, Mercurius iod., Hepar sulphur, Hydrastis, and
several medicines which seemed indicated, but no curative effect
was observed. I then prescribed Geranin in the first decimal trit-
uration, two grains to be taken three times a day, and a weak lotion
of the same remedy, used as a gargle. In a week the patient
reported himself cured.
Case 2d.-A lady aged 45 had been ill with chronic diarrhea for
nearly a year. The evacuations were usually watery, with but little
pain, contained undigested food, and occasionally traces of mucus.
The number of evacuations, daily, varied from four to fourteen. A
good many medicines were used, in high and low potencies, but with
no permanent curative results. Arsenicum and Sulphuric acid were
the most useful. Finally, she became very anæmic, debilitated, and
so dispirited that her condition became critical. On the suggestion
of a friend who had been cured with the Cranesbill, and with my
permission, she commenced the use of the root, in infusion.
It was
prepared by pouring upon one teaspoonful of the powdered root, a
teacupful of hot water. This, after standing a few hours, was taken
as follows one-third of the quantity every six hours. I carefully
watched the case, allowing no other remedy to be taken, and permit-
ting no change in her usual diet. After the third day, the evacua-
tions became less frequent and profuse, until at the end of a week or
ten days they had become normal. At this time, I suggested that
the medicine be discontinued, which was done, but resumed again in
two days, as relaxation of the bowels recurred. The remedy was
continued in gradually decreasing doses, for a month, when it was
discontinued, and she has since had no return-now two months.
Case 3d, was one of chronic, exhausting leucorrhea, of a vaginal
origin, and attended by no ulceration or abrasion; a mere passive
discharge from a relaxed mucous surface. Geranium, ten drops, four
times a day, was prescribed with injections of the same medicine,
prepared by pouring one pint of water upon two drachms of the pow-
dered root; the whole to be used during the day - half in the morn-
ing, and half in the evening. In two weeks she reported herself as
cured.
These cases, together with my observations of its successful use
in many other cases, has prompted me to offer the following suggestions
in lieu of a thorough proving, which I have not been able to
obtain.
GERANIUM MACULATUM.
465
It must be remarked by every observing homoeopathic physician,
that while the opposite school estimate very highly the "astringent"
medicines, they are but seldom used in our own school.
The writer proposes in the following paper,* to examine into the
nature of the action of the so-called "Astringents," in order to ascer-
tain if they can be used in a practical manner in accordance with the
law of "Similia.'
"Astringent" agents are taken from the vegetable and mineral
kingdoms. The vegetable astringents comprise Tannic acid, Gallic
acid, Kino, Quercus alba et rubra, Rhatany, Statice, Geranium macu-
latum, Hæmatoxylon, Epiphegus virginiana, Trillium, Rhus glabrum,
Ribus, Potentilla, Myrica cerifera, Matico, Uva ursi, Chimaphila,
Erigeron, Erechthites, Hamamelis, etc.
Among the mineral astringents are Sulphuric acid, Plumbum
aceticum, Ferrum sulphuricum, Alum, Zincum sulphuricum, Cuprum
sulphuricum, etc.
In the Materia Medica of the opposite school, many medicines
are mentioned as astringents which do not belong to that class, but
are more properly "escharotics," namely: Argentum nitricum, Kre-
osotum, and Mercurius corrosivus.
We will first examine the action of astringent medicines as ex-
plained by allopathic authors.
It would occupy too much space to give the opinion and explana-
tion of every writer on Materia Medica. We will therefore quote
from Dr. Headland,+ who seems to embody in his chapter on "Astrin-
gents”+ all the most important speculations in vogue in his school,
as to their physiological and curative action,
He defines astringents in a "General Proposition," as medicines
which "act by passing from the blood to the muscular fibre, which
they excite to contraction." He remarks that "they do not necessarily
act in the blood, although many hæmatics are also astringents. They
do not pass from the blood to the nerves. They do not always act
by passing out of the body through the glands. As neurotics act
directly on nerve, so these act directly and especially on muscular
fibre. They cause this to contract, whether it be striped or voluntary,
or of the involuntary or unstriped kind. Their action is more read-
ily understood, because it can actually be seen. It takes place out
of the body, or in the body-externally or internally. Nearly all
astringents have the power of coagulating or precipitating albumen.
By virtue of this power they are enabled to constrict many dead
animal matters. They affect fibrinous tissues in a similar chemical
way. But they seem to affect a further dynamical influence over
living tissues, which possibly depends in some way on this chemical
property. This dynamical influence is, as I have said, to cause the
contraction of muscular fibre. By this, all their operations can be
explained. Taken into the blood in a state of solution, they pass
through the walls of the capillaries to the muscular tissue. By in-
*Published in North American Journal of Homoeopathy, May 1866,
tAction of Medicines.
Ibid. p. 311.
Dorm
30
466
NEW REMEDIES.
ducing the fibre of the involuntary muscle to contract, astringents
may brace the system and simulate the action of tonics. But as the
action of voluntary muscle is short and brief, it requires for its main-
tainance, continual excitation; and unless the medicine is thus con-
tinually repeated, the tonic effect subsides. But astringents further
contract involuntary muscles, This contraction is slower, but more
durable and important in its results. Unstriped muscular fibre exists.
in the middle coats of arteries, in the walls of capillary vessels, in
the lining of the ducts of glands generally, and in the substance of
the heart, and in the stomach and intestines. Astringents are irri-
tants and poisonous in large doses. But in small doses, they constrict
and stimulate to a healthy condition these tubes that contain in their
coats the unstriped fibre. By diminishing the calibre of the capil-
lary vessels generally, they promote health and counteract a lax
state of the system. By the same action on the extreme vessels
they prevent hæmorrhages. By constricting the ducts of the glands
they diminish the secretion of those glands, because denying it an
exit. By acting on the stomach and intestines they are able to give
them tone, to diminish their secretions when excessive, and thus to
promote digestion."
The above may be said to embody "all the accumulated wisdom"
of the old school in relation to the action of astringents. To the
homœopathist it is vague and unsa.isfactory. Let us see if we can
get any light from further investigations.
We will not stop to consider the chemical action of astringents,
either on dead tissues, or on albuminous substances. Such action
may be termed chemico-mechanical, and does not come within the
scope of this paper. Dr. Headland seems to think that aside from
the above mentioned, astringents have another method of action,
which he would imply was the chemico-dynamic force. With a strong
leaning to a belief in the presence of a dynamic power in drugs, not
recognized by his own school, Dr. Headland cannot get rid of a
certain materialism which prevents him from accepting the great
truth that all medicines act in a dynamic manner, when once taken
into the circulation or even when brought in contact with nerve-
matter. I agree with Dr. Headland, however, in his "General Prop-
ositions," that astringents do act by passing from the blood to the
muscular fibre, which they cause to contract.. But is this the only
way in which astringents act? Must they pass into the blood-be
carried through the round of the vascular system, before they are
brought in contact with the muscular fibre of the coats of the stom-
ach or intestines? When applied to the lax and debilitated mucous
surfaces discharging an unhealthy secretion, is it necessary that the
medicine must pass into the blood, and through the circulation, before
it acts upon the mucous and muscular tissues of the organ or surface
to which it is applied? Such a roundabout way is not necessary,
The mere contact of a medicinal substance with the diseased tissue, for
the morbid condition of which it is the remedy, suffices to effect the
cure of that condition. It may be taken up by the absorbents, or
GERANIUM MACULATUM.
467
enter the capillary system (if applied to the skin) or affect, by its
dynamic force, the terminal nerve filaments.
When brought in coutact with such tissues or fibres, the astringent
principle or dynamic force residing in such principles causes them to
contract. This contraction of muscular tissue implies more than at
first thought appears. Not only does muscular fibre exist in the
walls of all hollow organs and the blood vessels, etc., of the body, but
the microscope has demonstrated that it exists in the fungiform
papillæ of the tongue; in the excretory ducts of the perspiratory and
other minute glands. It has even been maintained by some that the
cilia of the epithelium was due to the presence of muscular fibrillæ.
The astringent-dynamic force may therefore modify the physiological
action of the minutest as well as the largest structures of the body,
and morbid action wherever muscular fibre exists.
In this way it
may unnaturally contract the muscular coat of stomach and intestines,
the blood vessels, etc., causing perturbed action of the organs of diges-
tion and circulation, By acting on the excretory ducts of glands it
will seriously modify the secretion from such glands, render mem-
branes dependent on such glands harsh and dry, and check the
secretion of urine and perspiration. When the medicine is applied
locally, either in fluid or solid form, it dries up the natural secretions
of the surface, and deprives it of some of its nervous sensibility.
PATHOGENETIC ACTION OF ASTRINGENTS.
1. Primary Action.—Astringent medicines act on the muscular
fibre of the
Intestinal tract,
Excretory ducts of glands,
Mucous membrane,
Blood vessels,
Skin,
in all of which they cause contraction with a diminution of
secretion.
2. Secondary Action.-The loss of tone, the laxity and undue
secretion, which follow the primary effects of astringent medicines, is
as much the specific effect of these drugs as the latter. Says Dr.
Headland,-"But as the contraction of voluntary muscle is short and
brief, it requires for its maintenance a continual excitation, and unless
the medicine is thus continually repeated, the tonic effect subsides.”
This is the case also with involuntary muscle. The contractile effect
of the medicine ceases, because the irritability of the muscular fibre
is destroyed by the large quantity of the drug, or its frequent repeti-
tion. The secondary effect, then, of an astringent is to cause a loss
of tone, and a deficiency of normal irritability in the muscular fibre
which it affects.
The loss of tone extends also to the particular mucous surface or
surfaces, for which the drug had a special affinity.
Hence, as a result of the above named conditions, there will exist
distension or laxity of muscular organs; colliquative sweats; morbid
discharge from glands; hæmorrhages (passive), abnormal and profuse
secretion from mucous surfaces, (blenorrhoeas). The secondary action
468
NEW REMEDIES.
of astringents is often observed in the persons of patients under
allopathic treatment for diarrhoea and other abnormal discharges from
mucous surfaces. While under the first influence of the astringent
medicine the discharge is checked, the mucous membraue becomes
dry, and its substance more firm. But the reaction is sure to occur,
unless the vital force maintains the equilibrium, and the discharge
reappears in a more aggravated form, with a corresponding laxity of
the mucous tissue. Alum is much used for relaxed uvula, and by
singers to "strengthen the relaxed tissues of the throat.” But Mi-
alhe observes that the Alum used so largely by public singers main-
tains the vocal parts in a state of "flaccidity," instead of constringing
them. The allopathists are well aware of this secondary action of
astringents; for they caution the practitioner against using these
medicines in too large doses, or a too long-contiued use of small
doses. The reason of this secondary relaxation is evidently found
in the fact that the dynamic action of astringents upon muscular
fibre is not by means of transmitted nerve force, or by an increase of
vital force, but is more akin to mechanical irritation, an irritation
which wears out the irritability of muscular fibre sooner than any
other.
CURATIVE ACTION OF ASTRINGENTS.
The question, how does an astringent medicine cure a diseased
condition?-can evidently only be answered in one way. Astrin-
gents, like all other medicines, cure diseases and morbid conditions
and symptoms, which are similar to those caused by this class of
remedies. All medicines cure by virtue of the Law of Similia, and
astringents are no exception. But it must be borne in mind that we
cannot assert, as do the authorities in old school therapeutics, that one
astringent may generally be substituted for another. In fact, their
recommendations belie the general rule, which they try to establish.
By referring to any work on practice, it will be noticed that a certain
astringent is recommended for night-sweats, one for diarrhoea, another
for pi ofuse mucous discharges from the vagina or urethra; and still
another for hæmorrhages.
The truth is, that each medicine belonging to the class "Astrin-
gentia" is a distinct entity, having, perhaps, some properties in
common with the rest; but at the same time, possessing some quali-
ties which cause it to differ essentially from all the rest of its con-
geners. To meet the demands of a scientific Materia Medica, each
individual of the class should be separately proven, in order that we
may see at a glance, in what respect it differs from its analogues.
In the homoeopathic Materia Medica, we have the pathogenesis of
but very few astringent medicines. They are:
Alumina,
Ferrum sulphuricum,
Plumbum aceticum,
Hæmatoxylon,
Rhatany,
Sulphuric acid,
Uva ursi,
Zincum sulphuricum.
By referring to provings of these medicines it will be seen that
the primary and secondary symptoms of each are mixed together
GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM,
469
If the physician did not
without any attempt at arrangement.
possess some knowledge of the physiological effects of the drugs, our
provings would give him no correct idea of the manner and order in
which such symptoms were evolved.
So too in the "clinical indications" prefixed to each remedy, the
same want of order is manifest. They are recommended for diarrhoea
and constipation, for spasms and paralysis, and so on, leaving the
student in a maze of uncertainty, wondering how a medicine can be
used for conditions directly the opposite.
Unless we take cognizance of the primary and secondary actions
of medicines, we cannot reconcile these apparent discrepancies.
Those who are familiar with my teachings in relation to law of dose,
as based on the dual action of medicinal agents, will readily under-
stand the following propositions, as explanatory of the curative action
of the class of medicines under consideration:
PROPOSITION I. All astringents primarily cause contraction of mus
cular fibre in some portion of the body, together with a diminution
of secretion from the glandular and mucous tissues.
Therefore, astringents are primarily homoeopathic to similar condi-
tions, occurring as the results of disease.
PROPOSITION II. All astringents cause secondarily a diminution of
tone and laxity of muscular fibre, with a similar condition in
glandular and mucous tissues, and consequent increase of secretion
even to colliquative discharges.
Therefore, astringents are secondarily homoeopathic where such
conditions occur in the organism, and have been produced by the
primary conditions before mentioned.
GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM.
(Cud Weed.)
ANALOGUES.-Anisum stellatum, Chamomilla, Euphorbia cor.,
Ipecacuanha, Mercurius, Pulsatilla, Veratrum album.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. This plant is indigenous and known by
the various names of Indian Posey, Sweet Life Everlasting, White
Balsam, Old-field Balsam, etc. It is herbaceous and annual, with an
ereet, whitish, woody and much branched stem, from one to two feet
in height. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, entire,
scabrous above, and whitish tomentose beneath. Flowers tubular and
yellow, in heads clustered at the summit of the panicled corymbose
branches, ovate-conical before expansion, then obovate, involucre imbri-
470
NEW REMEDIES.
cate, with a whitish, ovate, oblong, rather obtuse scales. Florets of
the ray, subulate-of the disc, entire. Receptacle, flat, naked, pap-
pus pilose, scabrous capillary.
It is found in Canada and various parts of the United States,
growing in old fields and on dry, barren lands, and bearing whitish
yellow flowers in July and August. The leaves have a pleasant aro-
matic smell, and an aromatic, slightly bitter and astringent, but
rather an agreeable taste. They yield their properties to alcohol
and water.
The two
Four other species of this genus are indigenous: The G. decur-
rens, the G. purpureum, G. sapinum and G. uliginosum.
species which were once denominated G. margaritacea and G. plan-
taginifolia are now placed in the Genus attennaria, (everlasting)
The medicinal qualities of the two genera seem to be quite similar.
Rafinesque says the former species is "anodyne and pectoral, used in
coughs and colds, pains in the breast; also a mild astringent and
vermifuge, used in dysentery and hæmorrhages, in powder and decoc-
tion. One of the good substitutes for tobacco in smoking. Exter-
nally used in tumors, contusions, sprains, and as a wash,"
+
The latter species, he says, is also "pectoral, used in cough, fever,
bruises, inflammations, debility; also against the negro poison (?!)
and rattlesnake bites. Indians, for a trifle, will allow themselves to
be bitten and cure themselves at once." Much of this is probably
purely imaginary. This species, commonly called "mouse-ear," is in
great repute in domestic practice in the treatment of diarrhoea and
dysentery.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The G. polycephalum is accredited with
about the same virtues by several writers. King* says it is astrin-
gent. The leaves and blossoms chewed, and the juice swallowed,
has proved beneficial in ulceration of the mouth and throat. A warm
infusion may be used in fever to produce diaphoresis, and is of ser-
vice in quinsy, pulmonary complaints, leucorrhoea, etc. It may be
used as a local application. Likewise used in infusions in diseases of
the bowels and hæmorrhages, in bruises, indolent tumors, etc. The
fresh juice is reputed anti-aphrodisiac."
Hollembaekt says it is diaphoretic, mild astringent, and probably
vermifuge. "In cold infusion it is grateful to the patient, fulfilling
the constant demand for cold water, acting as a tonic and sedative,
moderately lessening the heart's action. In many sections it is so
common in domestic practice, that physicians either neglect, or fear
to order its use. It may be used in fever, coughs, colds, dysentery
and diarrhoea. A poultice of the leaves will allay inflammation of ex-
ternal piles, tumors, sprains, boils and carbuncles. Both the powder
and infusion may be taken in large doses, and no injurious effects will
follow its use.
With this same impertinent remark relative to their action, are
dismissed many important medicines by allopathic and eclectic
*Eclectic Dispensatory, p. 460.
+ Eclectic Materia Medic”, p. 182.
GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM.
471
writers. That it is capable of causing pathogenetic action, the fol-
lowing experiments will show :
Dr. William Banks, of New York, and Dr. Woodbury, of
Massachusetts, were the first homoeopathic physicians to call atten-
tion to this remedy. The former communicated several provings to
the North American Journal, in 1855. The latter made two provings,
one with the G. uliginosum, (which is also found in Europe,) the other
with the G. polycephalum. Both are given, but it would be prefera-
ble if they had not been used so indiscriminately. As reported,* it
is impossible to tell which species was used in some of the provings,
and clinical cases.
DR. WOODBURY'S PROVING OF GRAPHALIUM ULIGINOSUM.
On the 10th of September, 1860, Dr, Woodbury took 15 drops of
a saturated tincture, one hour before breakfast. The prover's age
was twenty-nine, dark hair and eyes, "in perfect health." Experi-
enced during the day unusual rumbling (borborygmus) in the bowels,
with slight griping pains; in the evening, a diarrhoeic stool, with
uncasiness in the bowels until falling asleep.
11th and 12th.-No symptoms; natural stool as usual.
13th. Took twenty-five drops on retiring at night.
14th.-Diarrhoeic stool early in the morning, and a second before
noon, with pain and rumbling in the abdomen, diminished urine, loss
of appetite and taste.
16th.-Took fifty drops on retiring at night; diarrhoeic stool, very
copious and watery, before morning, and two before noon of 17th.
Nausea and pain in the abdomen, on the 16th. Urine scanty as
before.
18th.-Dark colored, liquid, offensive stool at the usual hour in
the morning. The pain in the bowels continued nearly all day.
19th.-Bowels constipated, no pain, appetite and taste natural.
20th.-Ditto.
21st.- Bowels natural again.
On the 22d of the same month, the prover took half an ounce of
the G. polycephalum, at night on going to bed. Three loose and
watery discharges, with great pain and nausea, before morning.
23d. —Profuse diarrhoea, attended with great pain in the abdomen
all day. Urine scanty and red as before. Great weakness and pros-
tration as the result of the diarrhoea.
24th.-Discharges more natural; less pain.
25th. No symptoms; bowels natural.
I now discontinued my experiments upon myself, as I found that
*Proceedings of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society.
472
NEW REMEDIES.
the increased doses produced no new symptoms, but only increased
to an uncomfortable degree those developed by the previous use of
smaller doses.
Proving of Gnaphalium on Children.
(It is to be regretted that the species used in this proving was not
mentioned. From what follows, however, we suppose it to have been
the G. polycephalum.
Mrs. S, gave fifteen drops to each of the children, aged res-
pectively four, six and eight years, on retiring at night. The two
older children had diarrhoeic discharges in the morning, and several
times during the day following, attended with great irascibility of
temper, and pain in the bowels. The youngest had vomiting and
purging, like cholera morbus, before morning; and the purging con-
tinued through the next day, at intervals of increasing length.
In all three cases, constipation, continuing two or three days
succeeded the diarrhoea; during which time the children were indif
ferent, almost to aversion, to food and very irritable.
The children were all healthy and strong.
Proving of G. uliginosum on a woman.
Mrs. S, aged forty years, mother of the little provers just
mentioned, has dark hair and eyes, uniformly well, but inclined to
constipation; took first ten, then fifteen, then twenty-five drops of the
Gnaphalium ulig., tincture, without perceptible effect; then took sixty
drops, which caused a copious diarrhoeic discharge, preceded and
attended with nausea, pain and rumbling in the bowels,
The pain
and borborygmus continued for two days. She declined to experi-
ment any farther.
The medicine was taken by two other provers, but no new symp-
toms were elicited, though most of those already stated were confirmed
by them.'
York, with the third
Marcy.*
The symp-
It is not given here
A proving made by Mr. Keller, of New
decimal trituration, was communicated by Dr.
toms have been incorporated in the resume.
because no notable symptoms of the bowels, or other organs, was not-
iceable. Dr. Marcy mentioned in a note appended to the above
mentioned proving, that Dr Green, of Hartford, Connecticut, was
engaged in experimenting with the drug, but no communication from
that gentleman, relating to Gnaphalium, has ever been published.
'Dr. Chase made several provings of this drug upon himself, in
doses of from forty to sixty drops; the results of which were fully
*North American Journal of Homœopathy, Vol. VII, p. 383.
GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM.
473
confirmatory of those already stated. The same is true of the prov-
ings made by Dr. Talbot and others.
Highly satisfactory clinical results, in accordance with the above
pathogenesis, have been furnished by Drs. Webb, Walker, Scales,
Talbot, Chase and others; in whose hands it was remarkably success-
ful in the treatment of cholera infantum and kindred diseases,"*
RESUME OF PROVINGS.
General Symptoms.-A good deal of prostration, after the diar-
rhoea; exhausted and weary in the evening; languid in the morning.
Head and Face.-Giddiness, especially felt immediately after
rising from a recumbent position. Pain in the back of the head, of a
dull, continuous character; shooting pain in the eyeballs occasionally
felt, Neuralgic pain of an intermittent form, of the superior maxil-
lary of both sides. Dull, heavy expression of countenance, with an
appearance of bloatedness.-(Banks.)
A fullness about the temples like the incipient threatenings of
nervous headache, (which is periodical to me, recurring after ex-
cessive smoking, mental effort, or anxiety.) Slight pain about the
right eye, after rising. Slight headache, with muddiness of feeling
about the head.—(Fuller.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It may prove useful in some forms of
gastric or nervous headache.
Mouth.-Mouth "furry," and tasted unpleasantly on waking.
Mouth felt parched and tasted badly on waking in the night; flat,
sweet, sickening taste in the mouth. (See Digestive System.)
Digestive System. --Flat, sweetish, sickening taste of the mouth;
tongue covered with long white fur. Diminished appetite.
Much
flatus of the stomach, with windy eructations, and slight nausea; from
time to time, obstinate attack of hiccough. Colic pains in various
parts of the abdomen; abdomen sensitive to pressure, particularly in
the region of the cæcum.
Some looseness of the bowels, with pas-
Borborygmus, with frequent emissiom of
sage of pale colored fæces.
flatus.-(Banks.)
Unsuccessful attempt to evacuate the bowels, (first day.) Rumb-
ling in the bowels, with stool before breakfast, neither very easy, very
full, or loose, (second day.) On waking about six o'clock in the
morning, a slight belly-ache, and after breakfast a good stool; also, a
large stool in the afternoon, (third day.) Regurgitation in the throat,
half sour, half bitter. Slight pain and flatulence in the bowels, in
the morning.—(Fuller.)
* Publications of Massachusetts Homœopathic Medical Society.
474
NEW REMEDIES
Diarrhoeic discharges in the morning and during the day, attended
with great irascibility of temper and pains in the bowels, (in a child.)
Vomiting and purging, like cholera morbus, in the night; the purg-
ing continuing through the next day—(in a babe.) Constipation for
three days after the diarrhoea, attended with irritable temper and
aversion to food. Copious diarrhoeic discharge, preceded and at-
tended with nausea, pain and rumbling in the bowels. The pain and
borborygmus continued for two days,-(in a women.) Copious watery
stools at night, with mich prostration. Dark colored, liquid, offensive
stool in the morning, afterwards pain in the bowels all day, (in
a man.)-(Dr. Woodbury.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms would seem to
indicate an important field of usefulness for this remedy, especially
in the bowel complaints of children. Dr. Woodbury remarks that
from the provings which have been made, we are led to believe that
its sphere of action is not extensive; that, in its action on the healthy
system it is slow, though its curative effects are manifested with
promptness. Its sphere of action seems to be in those diseases de-
pendent upon an irritated or relaxed condition of the alimentary
canal—such as diarrhoea, cholera morbus, cholera infantum, and espe-
cially the diarrhoeas of children occurring during the heat of summer,
and characterized by copious, watery and exhausting discharges, with
or without griping or nausea, and which frequently proves so intract-
able during dentition. This conclusion is not merely theoretical,
but has been confirmed by the experience of many physicians of
Boston and vicinity. In the foregoing provings we have individual-
ized each case, and given as exactly as possible, the order in which
the symptoms occurred.
Genito-Urinary System.-Sensation of fullness and tension in
the bladder, even when it has just been emptied. Large quantity of
pale, inodorous urine passed, which is remarkably free from sediment.
Pain in the kidneys; very frequent, but slight and evanescent pains
in the region of the prostate gland, Increase of sexual passion ;
occasional stinging in the glans penis.—(Banks.)
Awoke during the night with an erection and urgent desire for an
embrace, (a thing which never occurred before.) On waking, about
six o'clock in the morning, had another erection. These erections
occurred every morning, but have never been accompanied by desire,
rather mechanical than passional.—(Fuller.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems likely to prove curative in
irritation of the prostate gland; some affections of the bladder, and
abnormal congestion of the male sexual organs.
Trunk and Superior Extremities.-Feeling of debility in the
arms, as if incapable of raising the lightest weights. Pains of a
GOSSIPIUM HERBACEUM.
475
rheumatic character in the elbows and shoulders; pains in the chest,
darting from side to side. Numbness of the lower parts of the back,
with lumbago. Sensations of weight in the pelvis.—(Banks.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems homoeopathic to rheumatic
pains in the joints, chest and back. The last two symptoms would
seem to indicate that it caused congestion of the lower portion of the
spinal cord.
Inferior Extremities.-Intense pain along the sciatic nerve,
which is continued to its larger ramifications. Feeling of numbness,
occasionally taking the place of the sciatic pains, and then exercise.
on foot is excessively fatiguing. Frequent cramps of the calves of
the legs. Cramps of the feet especially when in bed. Rheumatic
pains in the knee and ankle joints. Gouty pains in the great toes.
The sciatica was only produced on myself.-(Banks.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Banks, while proving the drug, felt
symptoms of sciatica. He says that Gen. Norris, one of the provers,
who was suffering from an attack of that disease when he began his
proving, was in a few days completely cured of it.
It seems homœopathic to the cramps, which occur in cholera mor-
bus; also to some forms of rheumatism.
GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM.
(Cotton Plant.)
ANALOGUES.-Asarum, (?) Aletris,(?) Caulophyllum,(?) Mitchella,(?)
Secale,(?) Uva ursi,(?) Ustilago.(?)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. --A biennial or triennial herb, with a
fusiform root, giving off small radicles, and a round, pubescent,
branching stem, about five feet high. The leaves are hairy, palmate,
with five sub-lanceolate, rather acute lobes, three large and two small,
lateral, a single gland on the midvein below, half an inch from the
base. Stipules falcate-lanceolate. Flowers yellow. Calyx cap-
shaped, obtusely fine-toothed, surrounded by an involucel of three
united and cordate leaves, deeply and incisely toothed. Petals five,
deciduous, with a purple spot near the base. Style simple, marked
with three or five furrows towards the apex. Stigmas three or five,
involved in cotton, somewhat plano-convex, and reniform. The parts
used in medicine are the inner bark of the root, and the seeds.
476
NEW REMEDIES.
HISTORY.-Cotton is an Asiatic plant, but is extensively
cultivated in India, Africa and America. Cultivation has considera-
bly changed the plant, so as to render it difficult for botanists to cor-
rectly describe the original, Some botanists believe that all the
various plants are but varieties of one original, while others believe
that there are two species: the G. album, whose seeds are white, and
the G. nigrum, whose seeds are black. The cotton has not been
extensively cultivated north of the Ohio River. In Southern Illinois,
however, a considerable quantity has at different times been grown.
Cultivation may, perhaps, render some of the plants hardy enough for
the more northern latitudes.
The leaves are very mucilaginous, and have been used in cases
where mucilage is required. A fixed oil is contained in the seeds,
which may be procured by pressure. It is a drying oil.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-(1) Tincture of the fresh inner bark
of the root. (2) Infusion of the same. (3) Tincture of the seeds.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Ainslie, an old writer says: "The Tamool
doctors are in the habit of prescribing a decoction of the root of the
Cotton plant in cases of strangury and gravel, from a notion that it
is demulcent."
Stille says: "In the Cotton regions of the Southern States it is
much employed to act upon the uterine system."*
Rafinesque says nothing about any medicinal powers of the Cotton
root. He was a peculiarly observing man, and it is strange that no
rumor of alleged action on the uterus ever reached him. Tully
writes: "The first intelligence that I ever received of its use as an
ecbolic, was about 1848, from a young physician of Connecticut, who
sometime previous, (I should think several years, but exactly how
long I cannot recollect,) had spent some time in Louisiana, where he
had witnessed its employment among negro women, as an ecbolic, at
the full time of parturition, and had heard of its use to procure abor-
tion. He thought that the physicians of that region were all well
acquainted with the fact that Gossypium produced this effect, and
that they sometimes prescribed it themselves. This young man pro-
fessed to have administered it himself, and to have found it fully as
efficacious as Claviceps (Ergot) itself. On inquiring for the origin of
this practice, he said that nobody certainly knew it, but that it was
supposed by some to have been brought from Africa by negro women,
kidnapped after an adult age. So incredulous was I on the subject,
that I asked for the names of some well known medical gentlemen to
whom I could write for further information on the subject.
""
Prof. Tully says he did not write to them, however, but that he
soon afterwards saw communications from Drs. Frost, Bouchelle, Co-
bell, etc. Writing of these articles, he says: "Dr. Cobell mentioned
that Prof. Mettaker relies especially upon the Ether Gossypii as the
best pharmaceutical preparation, though that which has been com-
monly employed is a decoction of the cortical part of the stem and
root. (Of course collected in the full flowering season, because this
*Materia Medica, page 1369,
GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM.
477
species is certainly annual with us.)" Dr. Tully says that "its cer-
tainty of operation is much insisted upon by those who have employ ed
it." He does not say that he ever used it in any manner, but in his
summing up he remarks that he "does not think that there is suf-
ficient proof that it possesses any power."
I have only been able to procure the communications of two of
the physicians named by Dr. Tully.
Dr. Bouchelle, I believe, was the first to call attention to its
powers as a uterine motor-stimulant. He published his observations
in Southern medical journals, and other physicians substantiated his
statements. He says: "The inner bark of the Cotton root has a
special affinity for the sexual organs, modifying their functions in a
remarkable manner; it not only possesses oxytocic properties, invig-
orating feeble contractions of the uterine fibres, but it originates
expulsive contractions at any period of gestation, and will induce
immediate abortion when taken in the proper quantity, and without
any detriment to the life of the female." He asserted that it is habit-
ually "resorted to by the slaves of the South as an ecbolic, for the
criminal purpose of inducing abortion, a fact which I have had named
to me a number of times by Southern practitioners." Dr. B. infers,
from its influence on women, that the use of it destroys the genera-
tive capacity, rendering the person sterile, without impairing the
health.
Dr. King, in his Eclectic Obstetrics, quotes the above, and says:
Should this eventually prove to be the case, this agent will become
a most important article of our Materia Medica, a boon to physicians,
and likewise to females with deformed pelves." It is used in strong
decoction-four ounces of fresh bark to one quart of water, boiled
down to a pint-dose, two fluid ounces every twenty-five or thirty
minutes. He adds :
He adds: “A tincture of the bark, in spirit of nitric
ether, and administered in doses of from thirty to sixty drops, several
times a day, has produced the most decided and prompt relief in
Amenorrhea owing to a torpid condition of the uterus, or a mere
derangement of its functions, not connected with disease of other
parts. It has likewise proved efficacious in cases of recent dysmen-
orrhoea. I have successfully used it in a few cases of uterine hæm-
orrhage, in combination with Ergot and Cinnamon." How merci-
lessly would Hahnemann have criticised this last statement! How
can a sensible physician write such a sentence? Which was the
effective agent? Which had any power over the hæmorrhage?
Yet of such loose statements is the ordinary Materia Medica of the
opposite schools made up!
"Dr. Shaw, of Tennessee, writing to the Nashville Journal, says:
I consider this root one of the very best emmenagogues of the Materia
Medica, and I think it should be so classed. My reasons for consid-
ering it such, are grounded upon the different experiments which I
have made with it within the last twelve months. I sometimes use
a decoction, and at others an infusion, but most generally a decoction
prepared thus: Cotton root, four ounces; water, two pounds. Boil
478
NEW REMEDIES
•
down to one pint. S.-A wine-glassful every hour. This produces
the most salutary effect in dysmenorrhoea; it acts as an anodyne in
allaying the pain, and as an emmenagogue in aiding or augmenting
menstruation; its action is very speedy. After its exhibition in this
case, it produces an effect which, indeed, appears almost natural; i. e.
almost without pain; the patient, after its exhibition, feels but little
inconvenience from pain, which soon subsides, and menstruation is
immediately augmented, without acceleration of the pulse or gastric
uneasiness. There are few other emmenagogues that can claim this
feature.
'Its actions in amenorrhoea I think superior to any other emmen-
agogue belonging to the Materia Medica, though it would be proper
to pay some attention to the general health of the patient before ex-
hibition. It is superior to any thing that I have tried in the way
of emmenagogues. I have had cases in which I first tried the
usual ammenagogues, with but little effect, or success, when I would
determine on trying the decoction of this root, which would far
surpass my expectations, by acting with the most marked ef
fect; menstruation being produced on the following day after its
exhibition of this medicine. I believe this to be the best emmena-
gogue that we can employ in mere suppressio-mensium, where there
is no other disturbance in the general health.
"With the usual emmenagogues, I was unable to produce the
catamenia on a young lady, which continued for about twenty-four
hours, then suddenly became very sparse and painful; and in a few
days after this period had passed, I employed the infusion of the cot-
ton root as a means of exciting this function, which it did on the
following day, a plentiful discharge being produced, which continued
five or six days. She has been regular at every period since that
time, and has enjoyed good health with the exception of a few simple
attacks, which caused no derangement of the menstrual function.
For about twelve months previous to the exhibition of this medicine,
her health was very much impaired, but she commenced improving
and soon recovered her health. I could detail other cases similar, in
which I have tried the decoction with the same effect, but I deem it
unnecessary to mention its action in each individual case.
"As a parturient agent, I think it is superior to ergot in one
sense of the word, and in another about its equal, its action being
abont as prompt as that of ergot, and attended with much less danger.
I have tried both in parturition, and found the Cotton root decoction
to act with fully as much efficacy as ergot. In some cases in which I
have tried it, the pain was to some extent allayed, and labor promoted
with as much speed as when ergot was administered. It appears to
be perfectly harmless, from the fact that its action is unattended with
pain. It causes neither gastric distress, or acceleration of the pulse
if it does, it is not perceptible-both of which are occasioned by
ergot to some extent.
I have witnessed its action in retained placenta with good effect,
which was an expulson of the mass in about twenty minutes after the
GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM.
479
exhibition of the first dose. It may be proper to say, that I gave
two doses before the placenta was thrown off, I believe it to be safer
as a parturient agent or an emmenagogue, or at least as safe as any
other article of the Materia Medica.
"It should have a fair and impartial trial by the profession gen-
erally, because it will prove itself worthy of the time and labor spent
in its investigation. It is handy to all, and free of expense. A few
trials by the profession will confirm the truth of this short essay.
Give it a trial, and it will prove itself in some cases of amenorrhoea,
dysmenorrhoea, or probably in some lingering case of labor, which
may require the assistance of medicine, to produce contraction of the
uterus for the expulsion of the child. I think it worthy of the atten-
tion of the profession, in the above cases.
There is a condition of the system in which this tincture acts
as a valuable restorative. These cases are of a leuco-phlegmatic
temperament of both sexes, but it is to the female sex that I wish to
draw the attention of the reader. Where is general bad health,
accompanied with tardy menstruation, I have used it with the happi-
est effect. In a few cases of emansio mensium, caused by anæmia,
where the patient was troubled with pains in the loins and giddiness
of the head, with derangement of the digestive organs, such as anor-
exia, accompanied with an uneasy, depressed feeling at the scrobicu-
lus cordis every month, which was promptly relieved by the tincture,
but not with the effect of producing the menstrual flux, which was
afterwards produced by the decoction, I find it necessary to continue
the tincture from two to four weeks. The strength of the tincture
that I have been in the habit of using, is prepared thus: Bark of
the root (dry), eight ounces; diluted alcohol, two pounds; digest
fourteen days, then filter and give it in one dram doses, three or four
times a day. The tincture which I used was prepared by myself;
and as I have seen no account of its use. I claim the first preparation
of it, as well as the first experiment with it. My brother, Dr. H J.
Shaw, has since tried it with the same good effect; in fact, his exper-
ience coincides with mine throughout.
"The cotton seed has acquired considerable reputation as an
anti-periodic in cases of intermittent fever, the use of which origin-
ated with a planter in South Carolina, who says: I have never
failed to cure a patient with a single dose of it, even where large
doses of Quinine have failed.'
It is, however, in the peculiar active properties of the root, that
the profession will be chiefly interested. The great danger, often-
times, in administering ergot, prevents its use even when its specific
effects seem to be called for. If these specific effects can be obtained
by the use of the cotton root, and this too, without the liability of
injury to the general system (and these have been attributed
to it,) the profession would do well to give it a thorough and exten-
sive trial.'"
Drs. Jones and Scudder place the Cotton root among the Emmen-
agogues, but at the same time assert that it is "not abortive or partu-
$
480
NEW REMEDIES.
rient in the slightest degree." They say, "It may be emmenagogue;
at least, in some cases in our practice, the warm infusion, drank freely
with other auxiliary measures, has produced the menstrual discharge.
It is hard to determine, however, in such cases, how much to attribute
to the agent, as any warm fluid taken freely, with the use of the warm
foot and hip bath, will be sufficient to reproduce the discharge."
Coe's statements are all loose, and of no reliable character. He
recommends it for all sorts of uterine diseases. (His employers —
Keith & Co.-manufacture the Gossypin, and wish it lauded in the
highest terms.)
I commenced experimenting with the Gossypium, about eight
years ago; I have given it in large and small doses, to the healthy
and the diseased, and have yet to see the first symptom of pathogenetic
or curative action arise from its use. I have ordered it in strong
decoction in amenorrhoea, and also in the third dilution of the tinc-
ture. I have prescribed the Gossypium in massive and minute doses
in dysmenorrhoea, uterine hæmorrhage, but never noticed the slight-
est effects; nor have I ever seen anything which would lead me to
suspect that it was an abortivant or parturient. Dr. Holcombe, of
New Orleans, and other Southern physicians, inform me that they
have no confidence in its alleged virtues. On the contrary, we have
the testimony of many eclectic and homoeopathic physicians that the
Cotton root is a remedy which really does exert an influence over the
generative organs of women, and has been found useful in uterine
pains, cramps, hæmorrhages, atony, amenorrhoea, and as an efficient
remedy in difficult labor pains.
I here leave the consideration of this plant for the investigation
of my colleagues.
NOTE TO SECOND EDITION.-During the three years which have elapsed since the above
was written, I have diligently enquired of physicians and others relative to the alleged action
of the Cotton root on the uterus. I have not yet received any testimony which would lead me
to suppose that any preparation which we can get at the North, possesses any action on the
uterus, under any circumstances. I still hear of its use in the South by women, both white and
black, who are said to use a decoction of the fresh root to produce abortion. It may be that the
active principle is so volatile as to escape from any other preparation. Perhaps, if a tincture was.
made from the newly dug root, with alcohol or ether, and carefully preserved, it would retain
the medicinal principle. As may be inferred, I have collected no symptoms, nor has any path-
ogenesis been made with this agent.-H.
GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS.
(American Coffee-tree.)
ANALOGUES.-Agaricus, Ethusa, Belladonna, Cicuta, Iyosciamus,
Lachesis, Lachnanthes, Solanum nigrum, Stramonium.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-The name Gymnocladus is from the
Greek gymnos, naked, and klados, branch; from the remarkably
naked appearance of the tree in winter, its branches being few and
large. The flowers dioecious; calyx tubular, the limb five-cleft; lobes
lanceolate, equal; petals five, oblong, inserted into the summit of the
tube. Stamens ten, included, inserted with the petals. Legumine
oblong, compressed, very large, thick, pulpy inside, A pretty large
tree, destitute of spines or prickles, with rough bark and few stout
branches. Leaves unequally bipinnate. Flowers in axillary racemes.
Petals white. Legume 6 to 10 inches long and nearly 2 inches broad;
a little curved and of a brown color. Seeds more than half an inch
in diameter. The Gymnocladus is one of the fairest trees in our
western woods, and is planted as an ornament in the gardens of
Europe. A group of them stands near Paris, some of which are forty
feet high. In their native air they reach even fifty and sixty feet in
height, with a stem of twelve or fifteen inches in diameter; even
when standing alone it does not branch out at a height of less than
thirty feet; the top is formed by a few but very long branches, and
is not wide but beautifully regular. It flourishes only in the best
soil, with black-walnut, red elm, poplar, blue ash, honey locust, etc.;
has a useful, hard wood, and bears, in some years, an abundance of
large pods, containing two, three or four seeds, of the size of a
walnut.
HISTORY.-The first settlers in Kentucky called it the coffee tree'
and it is said that some of them used the seeds instead of coffee; we
should judge, however, not longer than they could get some of the real
Java, as there is not only nothing aromatic, but even something very
unpleasant in the taste of it. The French settlers in upper Louisiana
call the seed Gourganes; in Illinois the tree is named Gros Feveier :
and in Canada, Chicot, stump-tree. The pods around the seeds are
filled with a green pulp of a gummy viscous nature. This pulp hav-
ing been used as a fly poison, was examined according to its effects,
and is now for the first time introduced into the materia medica. Dr.
C. Hering states that it was first introduced to him through a letter,
of which the following is a copy :
·
31
482
NEW REMEDIES.
CINCINNATI, Dec. 9, 1844.
DEAR SIR-I herewith send you a couple of pods of the Gym-
nocladus, commonly called the Kentucky coffee-tree, or fly-poison, the
beans of which are roasted and used for coffee in some parts of Ken-
tucky, while the pulp that surrounds the bean in the pods is used for
poisoning flies, I was induced to suppose it might be a valuable addi-
tion to our medicines from tasting the pulpy substance in the pods.
About two weeks ago, while eating a small portion of it, I perceived
a burning, drawing sensation in the roof of my mouth, extending to
the uvula, which, however, soon passed away. I immediately com-
menced preparing a saturated tincture. On Sunday, Dec. 1st, about
8 o'clock P. M., I moistened some sugar of milk with one drop of the
tincture, and took about one sixth of it. In half an hour, perceiving
no effect, I took another dose of equal quantity; in less than half an
hour I began to feel the same sensation that I had experienced when
eating the gum. By about 8 o'clock in the evening the symptoms
were as follows: Headache, fullness and pressure in and over the
eyes, in the forehead, and extending to the top of the head, with occa-
sional shooting pains; scraping, burning in the roof of the mouth,
extending to the uvula, drawing pain in the uvula and tonsils, particu-
larly the right side; right tonsil very much inflamed, and of a purple
color; sensation of fullness in the stomach, with slight nausea; pain
in the lower parts of the abdomen; pain in the small of the back.
By Monday morning, Dec. 2d, these symptoms had all disappeared,
leaving a tickling in the throat, producing a cough which continued to
increase all day, and in the evening was one of the worst hard, dry
coughs I ever had. By Tuesday morning, Dec. 3d, the cough had
almost entirely left me (without having taken anything to arrest it)
and by evening I was entirely well. I intended prosecuting my
experiment, and should have commenced again taking it yesterday,
but for sickness in my family. I do not know of this tree ever hav-
ing been used medicinally in any practice; if you know anything
about its properties I shall be pleased if you will inform me, or if
you can give me any information as to the best mode of preparing or
testing it, you will confer a favor on
Yours most respectfully,
To Dr. C. HERING.
CHIAS. SELLERS.
In regard to this letter, Dr. Hering says:*" Admitting the above
communicated group of symptoms to have been really caused by the
alcoholic tincture of the Gymnocladus, it will be a very important
medicine in our materia medica; it has at least very promising " ele-
ments," as I call them. It exhibits, for instance, striking similarity
to Belladonna, and at the same time, characteristic differences."
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the pulp, (or even the
bark. leaves and pulp). "The best mode of preparation," says Her-
ing. "is the same Mr. Sellers has adopted, as it is clear that the
* N. A. Jour. of Hom., Vol I, page 159.
GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS.
483
active principle is soluble in alcohol. But as this pulp is of a gummy
nature it dissolves more readily, and nearly completely, in water.
Thus we may make a watery extract and mix it with alcohol, or we
may make a trituration with sugar of milk, notwithstanding its great
viscosity and toughness, and thus have all in it, even the fibers. I
do not consider such niceties of great importance, A chemical analy-
sis would be instructive. Dr. Zumbrock examined the fresh pulp in
my office, and out of five grammes found substances
Soluble in alcohol,
“water,
Insoluble in either,
1.65 grammes, or 33 per cent.
3.05
30
"61
"6
The spirituous tincture from the fresh green pulp has a most beautiful
emerald green color, which being produced by the chlorophyll, changes
in a few weeks to a yellowish brown. In larger bottles nearly full of
the tincture, peculiar crystals were formed, well worthy of examina-
tion. The first chemist who does it will have the honor to introduce
into organic chemistry a Gymnocladine. If I may judge from the
symptoms this will be of an acid nature, like Menispermine, suppos-
ing it to be the principle agent in the pulp. Separate provings of the
crystals will be made before long."
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This tree is not mentioned by the early medi-
cal writers. Rafinesque says the leaves are purgative, and contain a
nauseous bitter principle, called Cysticine; and the seeds the best
substitute for coffee.
Dr. Hering writes.* No part of this tree has ever been used
medicinally, and we find no mention of it in any of the Indian or
"herb-doctor" books. According to Michaux, the bark, which is pecu-
liarly formed, rough and rolling off horizontally in small hard streaks,
has in its fresh state a bitter taste; a piece of the size of a kernel of
Indian corn, when chewed, produced a violent irritation of the throat.
In the winter of 1845, Dr. Hering made several experiments with
this drug, at which time he he says his visit to Europe interrupted
further researches. He had distributed the tincture to several homœo.
pathists in America, and during his stay in Germany gave it to many
there.
Jenichen even prepared a high potency of it (No. 734) but no
further experiments were made until Dr. Williamson took it up
again in 1850, and induced several members of the homoeopathic
college to prove it.
Dr. Hering obtained in 1854, five fragmentary provings on the
following persons, two upon himself, and one on F. Husmann, I.
Schmid and Dr. Herring's son “Max.”
Under Dr. Willamson's supervision it was proven by Drs. Daniel
Janney, J. R. Coxe, Jr., J. E. Gross, and B. Munsey.+ Notwith-
standing these provings, no clinical cases have been reported.
* N. A. Jour. of IIom.,Vol. I, p. 159.
† Dr. Daniel Janney, took 21 drops of the tincture in 25 days; Dr. J. R. Coxe 165 drops in 9
days; Dr. J. E. Gross, 5 drops at once and Dr. R. Munsey, 128 drops within 3 days.
484
NEW REMEDIES.
SYMPTOMOLOGY.
General Symptoms.-"To attempt to sketch the general charac-
ter of this remedy from such comparatively few symptoms, would
seem to be preposterous, especially in the case of a drug of such an
extensive influence; but it should be done, as the attempt opens the
way to its clinical application." (Hering)
Characteristic Symptoms.-"I should consider as a general
characteristic of the Gymnocladus, the increase of cough from morn-
ing to night, while the bowels are unaffected in the morning hours.
There is a striking prevalence of symptoms in the left side; they
stand in something like the proportion of 3 to 1. Oue-fourth of all
the symptoms are on the left side, and only one-twelfth on the right."
(Hering.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. This draws a line of demarcation
between our Gymnocladus and the otherwise similar narcotics, Bella-
donna, Hyosciamus, Dulcamura, Nux vomica, and others. The truth
of this will soon be ascertained, as it is in such cases, probably that
the Gymnocladus will be first applied.
Fever and Chills.-Desire to be near the fire; cold chills and pain
in the bowels, in the descending colon; pulse small and quick; desire
for increased heat.
Sleep.-Restlessness; drowsiness.
Mind and Memory.—Indifferent to what transpires; cannot think
quickly, compelled to gaze at an object some time to comprehend it,
and desire to lean on something. Constantly forgetting everything.
After a little sleep can think and study better.
Head.-Headache; fullness and pressure in and over the eyes, in
the forehead, and extending to the top of the head, with occasional
shooting pains; intense headache in sinciput, feeling as if the eyes
were pushed forward; sharp, violent pain in the forehead, over both
eyes, very near the eyeballs, lasting several minutes, extending trian-
gularly into the upper part of the head, mostly on the right side.
Pain in the left temple, to the ear and top of the head; sometimes it
shoots through to the right side, Pain in the left side of the head
and in tibia, and in right breast and in the arms. Intense headache;
no appetite, and stitches in the bowels, in the umbilical region at
times. Headache and heartburn; heat and burning in the eyes;
drowsiness; dull pain in the bowels; dizziness. dallness, fullness in
the head, with dimness of sight; nausea and belching; vertigo at
times. Dull, heavy pain between the eyes; feeling as if the head
would burst; externally a bruised feeling of the head, mostly on the
GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS.
485
left side; soreness in the left temple; forehead hot to the touch;
desire to lean the head on something; head feels tight, as if bound up.
Face.-Sensation as if flies were crawling over the right side of
the face; face hot, feels swollen; desire to rub the eyes, must rub
them; water from the eyes; head swelled, as in erysipelas, for sev-
eral days, and compelled to wash with Arnica tincture to procure
relief.
Eyes.-Pressure in eyeball and chest, in breast and sternum;
stinging pains in the right eye; eyes pushed forward; burning in left
eye, and sensation as if it would be forced out; eyes sore in the morn-
ing; water from the eyes; sensation of agglutination of left eye and
desire to rub or scratch it externally.
in
Nose.-Frequent violent sneezing, originating very high up
the nose; peculiar breathing, as if very soft, and each exhalation
slow.
Teeth.—Great sensibility of the teeth, more on the left side and
in the upper teeth; the slightest draught of cold air sets the teeth
aching; cold drinking is most painful. Pain and soreness in the left
molar bone, as from contusion.
Taste and Tongue.-Tongue coated bluish-white; bad taste in
the mouth; bitter taste from touching the tongue with the finger.
Throat and Palate.-Burning, drawing sensation in the roof of
the mouth, extending to the uvula, soon passing away. The right
tonsil much inflamed, and of a purple color; soreness in palatine arch;
burning in oesophagus, throat and stomach; accumulation of mucus in
the mouth, and sticking in the throat; frequent hawking.
Mouth and Nausea.-Water in the mouth, almost to vomiting;
nausea after eating, lasting three hours; nausea, with pain and full-
ness in the stomach, and belching.
Appetite.-Total loss of appetite; burning in the stomach very
intense. Better appetite after a little sleep.
Stomach.—Slight burning in the pit of the stomach, circumscribed
about the size of a dollar. Heat in stomach, and sour, watery eruc-
tations. Gulping of wind, nausea, dizziness and uneasiness of the
bowels; after eructations disappear pressing pain in the abdomen.
Hypochondria.—-Pain in left side, as though the spleen was
swollen.
Abdomen.-Hot feeling in stomach and bowels, after the cold
chills; stitches and pain in the bowels and umbilical region; pinch-
ing pain in the lower part of the abdomen, and on the left side, dis-
486
NEW REMEDIES.
appearing after eructations; pain and rumbling in the bowels, and
flatulency; flatus in the abdomen pressing on the bladder; soreness
of the abdomen; pain in the right inguinal gland.
Stool.-Bowels constipated; hard stool, the last part somewhat
softer; disposition to go to stool, with inability to do so, lasting sev-
eral hours; feeling in the abdomen as if diarrhoea would follow,
before a hard stool; feeling as if a purgative had been taken.
Urinary Organs.-Pressure in the bladder, as if large quantities
of urine had been retained too long; frequent desire to urinate;
urine brown, yellow, turbid.
Sexual Organs.-Increased sexual desire and erections in the
night; itching of glans penis; itching in prepuce.
Larynx and Cough.-Smarting in the larynx; in the morning
tickling in the throat, producing a cough, which continued to increase
all day, and in the evening was one of the worst hard, dry, racking
coughs he ever had; on the next following morning the cough had
entirely left, and by evening he was well. Now and then a slight
cough, not violent and not unpleasant.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Hering remarks that this increase
of cough from morning till night differs from the otherwise similar
narcotics, Belladonna, Hyosciamus, Dulcamara and Nux vomica.
Chest.-Pain in right breast; pressure on the chest, breast and
sternum; sharp pain in the right side; stitches in the right breast
and on drawing in of the breath. After walking a short distance, a
sharp, shooting pain in the right side, in the intercostal muscles; the-
same pain in the left side of the face.
Neck and Trunk.-Squeezing pain in the left sterno-cleido-mas-
toideus, high up, of short duration; pain in the dorsal vertebræ and
head; pain in the small of the back.
Arms.-Perspiration of axillary region and palms of the hands;
pains in the arms; a most violent pain in the left forearm in the
radius, between the elbow and wrist, as if the bone were crushed or
broken, often repeated; palms of hands perspire; dull pain in the
fingers; burning on the point of the left thumb. Pulsation in the
left index, as if a panaritium were forming.
Lower Extremities.-Stinging pain in the left knee joint; pain
in left leg, from the knee to the ankle; sticking pain in the left
pop-
liteal region on walking; pain in left tibia; dull pains in both feet;
a peculiar feeling of numbness in the whole body; repugnance to
motion.
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
487
GENERAL CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No reports of cases with this
drug have been published. I have never used it in my practice.
The following remarks of Dr. Hering are here presented as the
best indications which I can obtain: "We may give the Gymnocla·
dus in cases of cough accompanied or followed by tonsilitis; in erysipe-
las of the face, where the malady is not reached by the better known
drugs, even in scarlet fever, in so-called hives, and (where I expect
the greatest utility from it) in typhoid fevers, remittent or intermit-
tent epidemic fevers with a typhoid character, or, as I would prefer
calling it, with the erysipelatous character. We have had such epi-
demics in America, and had great difficulty in finding the true specific
for the whole epidemy, and have been obliged to tumble about between
the narcotic Solanece, the Rhus and the mineral acids, and the patients
have lingered, notwithstanding the greatest care, for weeks; this
ought not to be so, and I hope if ever such epidemics appear again,
the Gymnocladus will be found highly useful. If this should prove
to be the case, all the labor and suffering of the provers will be insig-
nificant in comparison with the relief of a single patient. If this
happens next year, in ten or in a hundred years, what is time ?"
The curious are referred to Dr. Hering's elaborate analysis of
these provings in the first volume of the N. A. Journal of Homoeo-
pathy, 1851.
Now that the pathogenesis can be studied by all, it is to be hoped
that the medicine will be tried in practice.
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
(Witch Hazel.)
ANALOGUES.- ·Alnus rubra, Esculus, Bovista, Collinsonia,
Erigeron, Galium, Geranium, Lycopus, Pulsatilla, Senecio, Sepia.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. This is an indigenous shrub, sometimes
called Winter-bloom, Snapping-hazlenut, Spotted Alder, etc. It consists
of several crooked, branching trunks, from the same root, from one to
two inches in diameter, ten or twelve feet in height, and covered with a
smooth, gray and spotted bark. It is a much larger shrub than the edible
hazle-nut, which has a straight trunk, not spotted, but brownish. The
Hamamelis virginica grows in almost all sections of the United States,
especially in damp woods, flowering from September to November,
when the leaves are falling, and maturing the seeds the next summer.
The bark and leaves are the parts used in medicine; they have a
pleasant, aromatic odor, and a bitter, astringent taste, leaving a sense
of pungency and sweetness in the mouth, Water extracts their vir-
488
NEW REMEDIES.
(l
tues. The shoots are used as divining rods" to discover water and
metals under ground, by certain adepts in the occult arts. They have
been used, also, by certain superstitious quacks for the cure of old
ulcers, etc, by rubbing them on the diseased surface. Strange as it
may seem, cures are alleged to have been made in this manner.
There has always been a large amount of superstition connected with
this shrub. The popular preparation known as "Pond's Extract of
Hamamelis," is made from the leaves and twigs, by a process of dis-
tillation. It is used by all the schools of medicine as an anodyne
application. It cannot be expected, however, that it will relieve or
benefit all the diseases mentioned on the extensive labels of the man-
ufacturer, and the physician who pins his faith thereupon will be dis-
appointed.
The portion used in medicine is the bark of the branches and
root. The leaves and small twigs contain a proportion of the quali-
ties of the shrub. A concentrated principle is obtained from the
bark, and known as Hamamelin. It does not contain all the proper-
ties of the tincture. The article known as " Pond's Extract," also the
"Distilled Extract," prepared by some pharmaceutists, is largely
used in our school, administered internally as well as an external ap-
plication. For internal use, however, we should use the tincture of
the bark.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions; triturations of
Hamamelin.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Allopathic authors deem it hardly worthy of
mention. Wood barely notices it in his Dispensatory, as a mild
astringent, and discutient. Eclectics make more mention, King says
it is tonic, astringent, and sedative; useful in hæmoptysis, hæmatem-
esis, and other hæmorrhages; also diarrhoea, dysentery, and excess-
ive mucus discharges: It has been employed with advantage
in incipient phthisis, in which it is supposed to unite anodyne influ-
ences with its others; used as an application to painful tumors, and
external inflammations; also, as a wash for sore mouth; an injection
in bowel complaints, prolapsus ani and uteri, leucorrhoea, gleet, piles,
and ophthalmia." These authors say that the decoction may be taken
internally, in any quantity, and applied externally of any strength.
No fears are entertained that it will prove injurious. The Hamamelis
has been used in homoeopathic practice for twelve or fifteen years.
Several physicians claim the honor of introducing it to the profession
among whom are Hering, Okie, and Preston. I believe Dr. Okie was
the first to write concerning the medicine, although he says Dr.
Hering was the first to call his attention to the remedy. Dr. Hering,
it seems, became acquainted with its virtues while attending Mr.
Pond, the proprietor of the extract, who informed him what it was.
Dr. Okie says:
Hering proceeded at once, by scientific trials, to
discover for himself whether the remedy did, or did not, possess any
or all of the virtues attributed to it by the proprietor." Hering
informed Dr. Cushing that he had used Pond's Extract in "chronic
effects from mechanical injuries," painful and bleeding hæmorrhoids,
((
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
489
and “severe pleuritic stitches supervening on tuberculous phthisis."
He considers it a "union of Aconite and Arnica." It is a little
strange that no regular proving has been made. If Dr. Hering has
made any proving the profession has never seen it.
The fragmentery provings of Drs. Preston and Burrett + were
incorporated in the first edition. Since that time Dr. Burt has
made a short but very suggestive proving of Hamamelis, and Dr. R.
Hughes, § of England, has given us some pathogenetic effects which
he noticed from its use. As a matter of interest to the profession we
give the provings of Drs. Burrett, Burt and Hughes entire.
DR, BURRITT'S PROVING.
Dr. Burritt, in applying the tincture to a burn on his finger, ar-
rested with his tongue a few drops which had run down his hand,
He says:
It produced an immediate coldness of the whole body, and was
not followed by any sudden reaction. No heat or fever followed, but
the system gradually recovered its accustomed heat. Immediately
after the heat was felt, a tearing pain across the small of the back
was experienced, and a painful fullness of the joints of the legs as if
they would burst, which soon extended to all the joints of the body;
at the same time a painful fullness of the brain was felt, especially at
the top, with a desire to hear lofty sublime conversation, attended
with perfect indisposition to talk myself. After the fullness of the
joints disappeared, there was a dread of moving the limbs as if it
would cause suffering, with a weary, stiff, full feeling. There was
also a dry, thirsty feeling of the throat which water would not relieve,
lasting full twenty-four hours."
PROVING BY WM. H. BURT, M. D.
My temperament is sanguine-nervous; weight 148 pounds; am in
perfect health; tongue clean; good appetite; bowels move once a
day.
Sept. 16th, 1864, 9 A. м.-Took half an ounce of the tenth dilu-
tion, prepared in water. 10 A. M., great fullness of the forehead,
with a pressing distress in the roots of the tongue; distress in the
umbilicus; dull, aching pain in the sacrum and hips, quite sever
when walking. The dullness in the forehead and the pain in the
hips were the first symptoms. These symptoms lasted all day wit
the addition of a great dryness and burning feeling of the palm
of the hands. The pain in the lumbar region was very severe
all day.
*Phil. Jour, of Hom., Vol. I, page 460.
† American Hom. Review, Vol. I, page 511.
American Hom. Observer, Vol. II, page 241.
British Jour. of Hom., Vol. XIII, page 255
490
NEW REMEDIES.
17th.-Had a restless night; my whole body felt very dry and
hot; sexual dreams, with an emission, followed by great weariness,
and severe dull pain in the loins; fingers stiff, with sharp, sticking
pains in the first joint of the right index finger; soft stool.
7 A. M.,
took one ounce. 9 P. M. Fullness of the forehead, and sharp pains
in the temples all day, of a severe character, with a pressing sensa-
tion in the pharynx; back and legs ached severely all day; very sad
and gloomy, probably caused by the nocturnal emission; ate some
plums for supper-they soured on my stomach, and I had to vomit
them up at midnight; consequently took no more notes of the
symptoms.
19th.-Feeling well. 4 P. M., took fifty drops of the 3d dilution.
9 P. M.
For the last four hours have had a frontal headache, with a
constant burning distress in the lower epigastrium and umbilicus;
desire for stool, but cannot accomplish it with the greatest effort; for
one hour have had severe drawing pains in both testicles; rheumatic
pains in the legs; hands hot and dry.
20th.-Slept well; had a sexual dream, but no emission; right
wrist and fingers stiff; dull pains in the lumbar region. 6 P. M., took
half an ounce, prepared in water. 9 P. M., a slight headache, with
severe distress in the pyloric portion of the stomach and umbilical
region; dull, aching pains in both testicles; dull pain in the lumbar
region.
21st. Slept well; dull headache; slight distress in the bowels ;
dull pain in the lumbar region; hands and fingers ache, and are quite
stiff; stool natural consistence, but covered with mucus.
11 A..M..
took half an ounce. 8 P, M., have all of the above symptoms, with a
dull, pressive distress in the pharynx, and roughness of the fauces;
dull pains in the right hypochondrium; the flexor muscles of the
right arm have constant, very severe, dull, drawing pains in them;
dull pains in the feet and toes.
22d.- Slept well; had a sexual dream with an emission; soft
stool at 6 A. M., covered with slimy mucus, with distress in the bowels;
very severe back-ache; hands hot and dry. 10 A. M., took half an
ounce. 9 P. M. All day feeling as if something had lodged in the
fauces, which produced a constant inclination to swallow; dryness of
the fauces; slight pain in the bowels; very severe back-ache-without
a doubt, it was caused by the emission; hands hot and dry; very
gloomy; no disposition to move.
23d.—Had a restless night; my throat was very dry all night, with
a feeling as if something large had lodged there; compelled to swal-
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
491
low every few minutes, which produced dull pains in the tonsils;
very painful when swallowing food; the fauces were very much
congested and the tonsils slightly swollen; natural stool; severe
back-ache. 9 A. M., took half an ounce. 9 P. M. Tongue has two
blisters on the right side; they are very troublesome. My throat
has been very painful to-day; sharp pains in the stomach; drawing
pains in the groins, passing down to the testicles; drawing pains in
hands, legs and feet. Took half an ounce.
24th. Slept well; very languid; skin hot and dry; flat, rough
taste; blisters on both sides of my tongue, which are very trouble-
some; severe congestion of the fauces and tonsils; deglutition is
very painful; a number of times through the day, had severe,
dull pains in the testicles, with distress in the bowels; hands hot
very gloomy.
25th. Slept well; the throat feeling much better, natural stool'
with distress in the umbilicus; all day had frequent, dull pains
in the testicles; frequent inclination to urinate; a constant back-
ache.
26th. The tonsils and fauces are still congested, but do not pain.
me any; the tongue is well. Last night had a profuse cold perspira-
tion all over the scrotum, but not of the body. Had a number of
rheumatic symptoms through the day, of the arms and the legs.
Oct. 3d. Feeling well.
March 6th. I commenced a proving of the fluid extract. Con-
tinued it four days, when I was compelled to stop the proving, it
produced such excruciating pains in the testicles. I commenced
with ten drops a day and increased it to 50 drops. The symptoms
were the same as in the first proving, but more strongly marked.
Dr. R. Hughes, in giving his experience with this remedy, says:
"I have the greatest confidence in Hamamelis in phlebitis, in the
various forms of varicosis, and in venous bemorrhage. It is not al-
ways successful in phlegmasia alba dolens, but there is good reason
to believe that in this disorder the mischief is as often in the lym-
phatics as in the veins. In varicose veins of the leg, I conjoin its
external with its internal use, laying strips of calico soaked in a weak
lotion of one part to twenty, along the enlarged vessels, and support-
ing all with a bandage. The pain is relieved and the veins much re-
duced in size. In bleeding piles' the first or second dilution of
Hamamelis is a most valuable remedy. In passive hemorrhage from
all parts, whether nose, lungs, stomach or bowels, I have the utmost
492
NEW REMEDIES
confidence in its use. I think that the hemorrhages it cures depend
rather upon the state of the blood vessels, than on that of the blood.
Its value in varicosis, and the absence of any report of its curative
action in purpura, point in this direction. The following, moreover,
is a case in point: I was treating a young lady suffering from a com-
plication of disorders, amongst which were almost daily epistaxis and
throbbing headache. To check the epistaxis, I put a few drops of
the mother tincture of Hamamelis in a tumblerful of water, and or-
dered a dessert spoonful to be administered alternately with the
China, which was being administered for the headache. The first
dose of Hamamelis was followed by a flushing of the face, the most
distressing throbbing, aching, and sense of fullness in the head.
These symptoms gradually subsided, and the intermediate dose of
China was taken without any appreciable result. The second dose
of Hamamelis, however, was immediately followed by the same symp-
toms as at first, the head feeling as if it would burst. I stopped the
remedy, and the epistaxis recurred next morning, as usual. In a day
or two I resumed it, giving it in the third decimal dilution. Again
the dilatation of the cerebral vessels took place, though the symptoms
were not as severe as on the first occasion. This patient has been
very sensitive to all medicines, but I see no reason to suppose the
effect of Hamamelis upon her to be exceptional otherwise than regards
quantity.
In menorrhagia, I think Hamamelis less often useful than Ipecac-
uanha, Sabina and Secale. In hæmaturia, also, it yields to Terebin-
thina and Ferrum Muriaticum; probably because this hemorrhage is
dependent more frequently upon the state of the renal or vesical tis-
sue, than upon that of their blood vessels."
DR. DAVIDSON'S PROVING.
Dr. Davidson gave Hamamelis, 6th dilution, to a woman for hem-
orrhoids, which were relieved; but the following pathogenetic symp-
toms occurred:
"For two days she suffered severely from a peculiar pricking pain
from the wrist to the shoulder, which pain is increased on pressure.
On examining the arm, I found that the patient indicated the direc-
tion of the pain along the course of the superficial veins. Six months
afterwards, she took the Hamamelis again, but took only five doses,
because after the fourth dose she became very much alarmed by a
pricking pain in the region of the heart, which lasted two days, and
was accompanied with the pricking pain in the veins of the arms."
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
493
TOXICAL EFFECTS
According to Dr, Payne, (eclectic) the Hamamelin "in ten to
fifteen grain doses, repeated three or four times a day, causes violent
contractions of the vagina, and a smarting, burning sensation fol-
lowed by prurigo; In the same doses administered to a male, I have
known it to produce irritation of the urethra, followed by a discharge
and ardor urinæ, (also in the female.)" This would seem to indicate
that Hamamelis has a more intense action on the system than has been
supposed.
Vascular System-Arterial System.-Hamamelis does not seem
to affect the heart and arteries directly. It does not appear to control
arterial inflammation, or congestion, or hæmorrhage; but according to
all observers, its sphere of action is especially upon the venous sys-
tem.
Of the few pathogenetic symptoms we have, not many point
unmistakably to an affection of this system. But we have abundant
clinical experience to prove that this remedy is one of the most prom-
inent we possess for inflammation of veins, venous congestion, hæm-
orrhage, etc. In Dr. Preston's proving will be found the pathogenetic
symptoms in full, such as "crowding fullness of blood in the head
and neck; sense of suffocation, etc; also ' uterine hæmorrhage,' 'epi-
staxis.''
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—As early as 1851, Dr. Preston writes:
"It has been used by many physicians in Rhode Island, in cases of
venous congestion, and hæmorrhage, with great success.
“Ex uso
in morbis," I have made many trials of the efficacy of Hamamelis.
Have given it successfully in a number of cases of epistaxis, some of
which were of an alarming character, and the cure has been prompt
and effectual. One case of active uterine hæmorrhage, caused by a
fall, was promptly relieved by it, but its particular sphere seems to
be in passive hæmorrhages and venous congestions. I have cured
many cases of passive uterine hæmorrhage with it, and have given
it with success in a few cases of pulmonary hæmorrhage. But the
crowning point of its virtue rests in its peculiar, prompt action in
cases of phlegmasia alba dolens, and in varicose veins. In old cases
of varicosis I have never seen its equal, and have cured many cases
of varicose veins of the leg and foot, which have resisted all other
treatment for years." Dr. Preston states that Dr. Henry, then of
Selma, Alabama, was the first to recommend the Hamamelis to our
use, and thinks he might furnish us with valuable therapeutic and
pathogenetic information, but I have not been able to find anything
from his pen on the subject. Dr. Okie estimates the Hamamelis
highly, in phlegmasia alba dolens, varicose ulcers, and varicoses. He
has used it successfully in hæmoptysis, epistaxis purpura, bleeding
and painful piles, etc. (Phila. Jour. of Hom., vol. 1, p. 536).
494
NEW REMEDIES
Dr. Belcher reports the following cases, which I have somewhat
abridged :
Case 1st.-Vomiting and purging of blood, (see " Intestinal”).
Case 2d.-A boy, aged fourteen, growing rapidly, with a good
appetite, has had epistaxis at irregular intervals of from four to
twenty-four hours, by which he has become pale and much enfeebled.
Hamamelis 3d, one-eighth of a drop twice a day was given, and since
the first dose to the present time, three months, he has had no return.
Case 3d.-Melæna (see "Intestinal.")
Case 4th.-A case of varioloid. At a certain stage of the dis-
ease there came on epistaxis, which lasted about an hour, ceased and
returned in a few hours, and continued. "The blood was dark, dis-
charging freely in drops; the pulse rapid; breathing hurried; lips
and mouth dry; the face and body were covered (besides the papulæ,
which seemed to me not to have progressed, but to have shrunken)
with a dusky red erythema, with purpural spots, varying from the size
of a pin-head to that of a three-cent piece, here and there-but over
the abdomen, which I more particularly examined, occupying one-
third of the surface. The vessels of the conjunctiva were so conges-
ted, as at first sight to appear like chemosis. Gave Hamamelis, three
drops of the first dilution in a tumbler of water, of which a table
spoonful was given every fifteen minutes. In twenty minutes the
hæmorrhage had ceased entirely, and returned no more. The medi-
cine was then continued every hour. The next day he had one ejec-
tion of a dark, bloody character, but the purpura had not increased,
and he had slept some. Gave Rhus 2, and Hamamelis 2, alternately
every hour. In two days he was out of danger, and convalesced rap-
idly.* Dr. Belcher states that "hæmorrhage with asthenia or anæ-
mia, or from asthenic tendency, is of itself an indication for the use
of Hamamelis." He considers sulphuric acid an analogue of Hama-
melis, but its action is not so prompt.
Further notice of its action in
venous diseases will be mentioned under other heads.
•
Head.-A crowding fullness of blood in the head and neck. The
epistaxis was accompanied with a feeling of tightness of the bridge
of the nose, and considerable crowding pressure in the forehead,
between the eyes, with a benumbed sensation over the whole os
frontis. (Preston.) A painful fullness of the brain, especially at the
top, with a desire to hear lofty, sublime conversation, attended wit
perfect indisposition to talk myself; feeling as if a bolt was passe
from temple to temple through the head, and tightly screwed, accom-
panied by a feeling as if she ought to be reverenced by all around
her.- (Burritt.)
Feeling of fullness of the head, with dull frontal headache. Full-
ness of the forehead, with pressing sensations in the roots of the
tongue; sharp pains in the temples. The headache caused by Ham-
amelis is slight.—(Burt.)
*N. A. Jour., vol. III. p. 463,
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
495
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-The above symptoms would seem to
indicate a condition of passive congestion, or venous stagnation. In
headache, arising from congestion, and resulting in epistaxis, this may
prove an excellent remedy. Many cases are only relieved by bleeding
from the nose. The Hamamelis acts by removing the cause, and in this
manner arrests the bleeding, if present, and removes the condition
upon which it depends. We have but little clinical testimony as to
its value in cephalalgia. It will probably never be found as useful as
Belladonna, Aconite, or Gelseminum.
Nose.-Epistaxis, with a feeling of tightness of the bridge of
the nose, and considerable crowding pressure in the forehead between
the eyes.
(This was caused by one drop of the 3d, in Dr. Preston,
who never before had bleeding from the nose.) Profuse epistaxis
(ten hours after taking one drop of the 3d).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have found in the various journals,
one hundred cases of epistaxis, some of them of an alarming charac-
ter, which were promptly arrested by the use of Hamamelis in some
form. A few of these cases have been given under the head of
Venous System," and others, of a notable character, are given
briefly below. Dr. Belcher cured a severe case in a boy aged four-
teen, with Hamamelis 3d, one-eighth of a drop. The bleeding had
not returned several months after.
"Epi-
Dr. Preston, in an article on venous hæmorrhages writes:
staxis, or bleeding from the nose, forms the most common hæmorrhage
of childhood, and in a great proportion of cases is simple and per-
fectly harmless. When it is dependent upon active congestion it is
usually arterial, and proves its own remedy; when it is the result of
mechanical congestion, or forms one of the developments of the hem-
orrhagic diathesis, it is passive and probably venous," Dr. P. gives
an interesting case, illustrating its treatment with Hamamelis.
"An old gentleman, hemiplegic, who had been subject to occa-
sional attacks of hemorrhage from the nose, often profuse and very
debilitating, and on several occasions requiring Mr. Abernethy's
operation of plugging the nostrils, before it could be stopped. He
had now been afflicted at intervals of several days with slight oozing
of very dark blood from the schneiderian membrane, particularly
three times a day and shortly after meals, corresponding to the ryth-
mical exacerbation of the pulse; after the afternoon meal the bleed-
ing was very profuse. He was able to walk about, but complained of
feeling very weak and faint, with occasional vertigo or confusion of
ideas; his countenance was pale, and his pulse decidedly hæmorrba-
gic. I ordered him home, and to keep perfectly quiet; to use a
strong nourishing diet, with wine at each meal, and gave him China
and Hamamelis 3d, in alternation every two hours. I was sent för
to his house in the afternoon and evening, and the bleeding had been
almost constant, but slowly oozing from his nose since he got home;
by evening he was too weak and faint to set up, but lay in bed with
his head raised; gave China and Hamamelis 1st. The hæmorrhage
496
NEW REMEDIES.
increased, however, all the next day, when small pieces of linen were
wet with Hamamelis tincture, rolled up in the shape of a funnel, and
pushed as far into the nostril as possible. The next morning the
bleeding had been very slight, exhaustion much less, and all other
symptoms improving. In three days he was able to go about his
business."
Dr. Burret, of New Orleans, reports "a lady of plethoric habits,
had epistaxis twenty four hours, which all ordinary means had failed
to relieve. At a previous attack she came near bleeding to death; I
gave her Hamamelis 3d, and a wash of diluted tincture for her nose.
The hæmorrhage was arrested in a few moments, but returned, by
coughing, the next day. It was again arrested by the same means,
and did not return.'
""
Mouth.-Dryness of the mouth; burnt sensation on the tongue.
Flat, rough taste in the mouth; tongue coated white. Blisters on the
sides of the tongue.-(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—I have used the Hamamelis satisfacto-
rily in bleeding from the buccal cavity, bleeding and spongy gums,
and hæmorrhage from the cavity after extraction of a tooth. In cases
of burns of the tongue and lips from hot drinks, a weak solution of
this medicine held in the mouth gives prompt relief.
Dr. Cusbing reports the following case:
Mr. S., aged 21, Called in the night; had a tooth extracted five
days before; constant hæmorrhage since; had tried various means,
but no relief; is weak. pale, quick, feeble pulse. Hamamelis tincture,
three drops in one half glass of water, gave one teaspoonful every
five minutes. No hæmorrhage after the second dose."
Eyes. It has proved curative in painful inflammation of the eyes;
excessive congestion of th: conjunctiva and bruises of the orbits. It
is useful in extravasations under the conjunctiva, and painless sugil-
lations on the eyeball. During pestussis the eyeball sometimes
becomes congested, and the minute vessels are ruptured. A wash of
Hamamelis quickly dissipates the extravasations.
CLINICAL OBSERNATIONS.
ÜBSERNATIONS. —Dr Wm. H. Holcombe, of New
Orleans, reports two cases of conjunctivitis cured by Hamamelis,
viz :
Case 1st.—" A blacksmith came to me with his eyes badly burned
by a sudden puff of a flame into his face. IIe was suffering excruci
ating pain, and the light was intolerable. There was constant acrid
lachrymation and very great vascularity of the conjunctiva. I made
a collyrium of Hamamelis, thirty drops to the ounce of water, poured
a little of it into the eyes and bathed the surrounding parts with it.
This application was to be renewed every two hours. He was relieved
very speedily, and in forty-eight hours was entirely well.
Cuse 2d-A negro woman had got a splinter into her right eye.
It penetrated the upper palpebral conjunctiva at the external angle of
the eye. It had been removed, but had caused great swelling, red-
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
497
ness and pain in the whole eye. I made the prescription as above,
and she was perfectly well in twenty-four hours. I have found Ham-
amelis very useful in burns, and it relieved one case of hæmaemesis,
vicarious to menstruation, very promptly, after sundry other homoeo-
pathic remedies had failed.
Throat.-Dry, thirsty feeling of the throat, which water would
not relieve, lasting full twenty-four hours.-(Burritt.) Fullness in
the neck; have to sleep with the neck free of any covering.
Roughness of the fauces; feeling as if something had lodged in
the fauces, causing a constant inclination to swallow; deglutition is
quite painful; the tonsils and fauces appear congested.—(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-There is a condition of the fauces and
throat, which might not inaptly be designated as varicosis, the poste-
rior fauces, uvula, and pharynx are of a bluish hue, caused by dis-
tended veins which ramify on the surface; this causes a fullness, with
cough, and pain in swallowing, and sometimes hawking of dark col.
ored blood, mixed with mucus. In one case of this character the
internal and topical use of Hamamelis proved curative.
Stomach.-Distress in the stomach; burning in the epigastrium;
sharp pains in the stomach, with distress in the umbilical region; nau-
sea, from pain in the testicles.—(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The primary effect of Hamamelis in
material doses, is to diminish the secretions of mucous surfaces of the
intestinal tract; a form of constipation is the result. In none of the
fragmentary provings which we possess is there any symptom relating
to congestion, or hæmorrhage from the stomach and bowels, but our
clinical experience is rich in cases of such hemorrhage.
Dr. Burritt, in Am. Hom. Review, vol. 1, page 512, reports: "A
lady who had been expected to die for several days, from hæmateme-
sis.
I had none of the Hamamelis by me, and ordered a decoction
of the bark—a teaspoonful every three hours. It cured the patient
immediately."
In one very severe and dangerous case of hæmatemesis, I gave
Hamamelis for one hour, but no good effect resulting, Sulphuric acid
was given, which arrested the hemorrhage immediately.
Bowels.-Distress in the umbilicus, (constant symptom); sharp
pain in the umbilicus; burning in the epigastrium and umbilicus ;
rumbling in the bowels with cutting pains; drawing pains in the
abdominal muscles; dull pains in the right and left hypochondria;
sharp pains in the region of the spleen. Natural stools; natural
stools covered with mucus; mushy stools; constipation for two days,
then hard, dry, dark-colored stools; ineffectual desire for stool.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Writing of hæmorrhage from the bowels,
or melæna, Dr. Preston says:
32
498
NEW REMEDIES.
"I have given Hamamelis with success in arresting hæmor
rhage, when I knew the bleeding proceeded from carcinomatous ulcer-
ation, as well as where it arose from simple mechanical congestion
of the portal circulation. To show that others have had like success
with the same remedy, I relate a case of melana, probably of the lat-
ter kind, reported to me by my brother-in-law, Dr. George S. Green,
of Hartford, Ct. July, 1855, Mr. M, aged twenty, light hair,
dark eyes, spare figure, etc., came home from his business with a vio-
lent headache, and took a dose of Calomel at night, followed by one
of Castor Oil in the morning; this he did on his own responsibility,
and the consequence was a severe diarrhoea, for which Dr. Schae was
called upon to prescribe. Dr. S. attended him ten days, and reports
his discharges to have been very profuse and watery, as often as every
half hour, accompanied with more or less fever, but no pain. After
ten days the Dr. left him convalescent, but quite weak, and, intend-
ing to leave for his home in Massachusetts. Two days after, quite
early in the morning, he had a very large discharge of dark clotted
blood, and within an hour, two more discharges, the three filling a
large sized chamber pot; very offensive, but attended by no pain.
At this time I first saw him in consultation with Dr. S. I examined
the discharges; found the patient pale and much exhausted, aware
of the danger but not frightened; pulse 120-130, weak, intermitting
and hæmorrhagic; no tenderness on pressure in any part of the ab-
domen; no enlargement of liver or spleen that could be felt; no pain,
nothing but great weakness and occasional faintness.
A week pre-
vious to this hæmorrhage he had two discharges from the bowels that
were liquid and brick colored, with a greasy scum; his appetite had
been unusually good, but his countenance sunken and pallid.
the seventh day after this attack, when I was called, he had another
discharge from the bowels, of dark, grumous, offensive smelling blood,
which continued to pass away from him with a gurgling noise, until
three large sheets were saturated. On the next day he passed about
a teacupful of bright red blood, and the hæmorrhage ceased. He
was sick in the house eight weeks; his hair fell off, and he was
somewhat anasarcous in the lower extremities, but from the first, had
no pain, and after the hæmorrhage, no fever; his recovery was per-
fect. The only remedies used were stimulation, China and Hama-
melis virginica. This case was unquestionably one of mechanical
congestion of the portal circulation, and the hæmorrhage was proba-
bly caused by the action of the powerful cathartics taken in the
commencement. It is unnecessary for me to say that in my opinion,
both the hæmorrhage and diarrhoea might have been avoided by judi-
cious treatment in the beginning, because the congestion might have
been removed without such violent results; but the symptoms having
been caused, the treatment certainly proved successful." We might
relate several other cases of melæna, as well as hæmatemesis, de-
pending upon other causes besides mechanical congestion, in all of
which Hamamelis was of great service in arresting and preventing
hæmorrhage, which otherwise would probably have proved fatal,
On
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
499
George E. Belcher, M. D., of New York, reports the two following
cases:
Case 1st.-James, a porter, aged about thirty, a well built, mus-
cular Irishman, after complaining about three days, as near as I
could ascertain, of fullness and grumbling, aching pains in the ab-
domen, and irregular febrile flushes, was attacked with vomiting and
purging of blood, which gradually increased. In the morning of the
day the hæmorrhage began, his employer sent him Nux vomica, 3d,
and Aconite, 3d, to be taken alternately. But, as by evening there
was no improvement, I was sent for and gave Ipecac., 1st, and Mer-
curius sol. 2d, alternately every hour. Early on the following morn-
ing I received information that the hæmorrhage continued, and that
he was faint, cold, and sweating profusely. I found him so, indeed,
with a weak, rapid pulse, restless and complaining of the fullness
and grumbling in the abdomen; but, owing to imperfect domestic
arrangements, I could not ascertain how much blood had been
vomited or purged. I gave Hamamelis, two drops of the tincture
dissolved in half a tumbler of water, of which a dessert spoonful was
given every fifteen or twenty minutes, until improvement took place.
This was very apparent when I called two hours afterwards; a reac-
tion was moderately but firmly established, and the patient felt better.
He had vomited once only, and but a small quantity of blood; and
the melæna from this time diminished, so that it nearly, if not entirely,
disappeared in two or three days. I substituted China and Mercu-
rius for the Hamamelis in about twenty-four hours after improvement
had begun, and continued them, on account of the apparent hepatic
congestion, to convalescence.
The
Case 2d.-W. A. B., a man aged about forty, temperate, of a
spare habit, after complaining two or three days of fullness through
the hypochondria, was attacked with diarrhoea, on account of which he
called at my office, and for which I gave him Arsenicum 3d.
next day, not being relieved, I was sent for; found him feeble, with
blank, dingy-reddish countenance; thirst, frequent pulse, and having
a loose evacuation about every three or four hours, which he des-
cribed as offensive and of the color of dark rosewood. Not seeing it, I
concluded that it must be melana, and gave Hamamelis and Aconite,
a solution of two or three drops of each in tumblers of water; table-
spoonful doses were directed to be given alternately every two hours,
until better. The next day I found him decidedly improved, having
had but one small discharge since. From this time, he rapidly
convalesced.
Dr. L. Pratt communicated to the Chicago Homoeopathic Medical
Society, in 1859, the following case of Intestinal hæmorrhage. "A
young man whose health had been injured by ague and Quinine, was
attacked during a course of typhoid fever with copious bleeding
from the bowels. The blood passed by the rectum amounted to
at least two quarts before I saw him. He had stools of blood about
once in fifteen minutes; it was of a dark, grumous nature. Four
drops of the mother tincture of Hamamelis, in a tumbler of water
was administered, a dessert spoonful to be taken every ten min-
500
NEW REMEDIES.
utes until the discharges were arrested, for an hour-omit for an hour
-then to take one dose more. Afterwards omit until a relapse
occurred. The next day I ascertained that the bleeding had twice
returned, but was at once arrested by the use of Arsenicum and
China. In this case the bleeding probably originated in ulceration
of some portion of the intestines; was of a passive character, and
perhaps venous.”
It would seem from the above cases, that Hamamelis is curative
in several forms of hæmorrhage from the bowels.
(1) That caused by portal congestion.
(2) From a ruptured vessel.
(3) From ulceration of the bowels.
(4) From a hemorrhoidal vein.
In dysentery, the Hamamelis is indicated when the amount of
blood in the stools, is unusual in quantity, and amounts to an actual
hæmorrhage. The blood in such cases is generally dark, in small
clots or patches, scattered through the mucus. Dr. Dunn, of Illinois,
(Illinois State Homœopathic Association, 1858,) said "he had not
found Mercurius so effectual in the treatment of dysentery, during
the past summer, as it had formerly been; but he had been highly
successful with Hamamelis in cases of dysentery, in which the alvine
evacuations were largely loaded with blood."
Dr, C. H. Lee found it useful in the following case :*
A. S―, has had dysentery for nearly a week. I found him in
a bad condition, emaciated and ghastly, with hippocratic countenance;
bowels moved every fifteen minutes, of pure blood, with severe tenes-
mus and a crampy pain around the umbilicus just before stool. I
ordered the family to keep the stools, in order to see how much blood
he would pass in twenty-four hours, and to my astonishment there
was a little over a quart per day for three days; no appetite, great
thirst, tongue coated brown and parched; calls a great deal for sour
pickle. I gave him Arsenicum, Mercurius, Ipecac., and Colocynth,
without beneficial effect. Finding in the "New Provings," article
Hamamelis virg., symptoms nearly similar to his case, I gave him the
first attenuation every hour in water. Saw him the same evening..
He was much better, bowels moved four times in the fore part of the
day, but towards night no stools.
Saw him the next morning, and found him much improved.
stool only through the night. Desired bread and milk.
the Hamamelis. Is now well.
One
Continued
In the so-called hæmorrhoidal dysentery, this remedy is almost
specific alone, although it may sometimes have to be alternated with
Aloes or Podophyllum. In my practice benefit has accrued both from
the internal and topical application. A few drops of the tincture or
lower dilutions, every hour or two internally; and an enema of one.
dram of the tincture of Hamamelis to four ounces of cold water or
starch water. The decoction of the bark,(one oz. to one qt. of water),
* American Homœopathic Observer.
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
501
is even better than the above preparation for an enema, both in dys-
entery and bleeding hæmorrhoids.
In diarrhea, the Hamamelis is said to have been found useful, but
the indications for its use are not ascertained. It will require more
extended provings and clinical experiments, to establish its applica-
bility to diarrhoea. I would suggest that it might be useful in mucous
and serous discharges.
It is in hæmorrhoids that the Hamamelis has achieved some
of its greatest victories. It seems to have extraordinary powers
over this disease, not only as externally manifested in the form
of hæmorrhoidal tumors, but against the primary cause, which
is often located in the portal system. It has been used in this
affection from the earliest history of our country. The aborigines
first imparted a knowledge of its curative virtues to the first settlers.
It is mentioned as a remedy for piles, used externally, in the works
of the early" Botanic" physicians. When Pond first sold his ex-
tract, it was recommended particularly for this complaint. Dr. Hering
was Pond's family physician, and was induced by him to try its effi-
cacy in some diseases. In 1850, Dr. Hering informed Dr. Cushman,
a pupil of Dr. Okie, that he had used it successfully in "painful and
bleeding hæmorrhoids." Dr. Okie was then induced to test its
virtues, and in a letter to Hering, published in 1853, he says:
says: "I
next made use of the Hamamelis in a number of cases of painful and
bleeding piles. Those cases in which it has proved most beneficial
in my hands, are characterized by burning, soreness, fullness, and at
times, rawness of the anus; in the back a weakness or weariness, or
as the patients graphically express it, Doctor, my back feels as if it
would break off.' The hæmorrhage is generally profuse, and I have
in several instances seen this latter symptom cured completely, with
shrinking of the overloaded hemorrhoidal vessels so that the full,
pouting look of the anus was changed to its own more natural, de-
mure pucker, while the burning and itching, depending more upon
cutaneous irritability, or some herpetic taint, still remained. I have
here, likewise, made a wash of the remedy, applying it_externally,
while giving it internally in the more dilute form. Mr. T., a highly
respected agriculturist, somewhere in the fifties, had been troubled
with painful and bleeding piles for a number of years. On examina-
tion, I found the anus surrounded with a crop of tumid hemorrhoidal
veins, bluish in color, and the whole anus encircled with a red, ery-
themic halo. I found that he suffered with backache,' has a 'pasty'
mouth, digestion tolerable, was not much constipated.
I gave Ham-
amelis, 1st dilution, six drops night and morning, and applied a lotion
of one-third of the remedy and two-thirds distilled water. In a fort-
might he called again, and I found him much relieved. I repeated
the prescription, to be taken once a day, since which time he has re-
mained well."
"
Dr. Davidson* reports a case of "burning," painful hæmorrhoids
in a lady, who had been subject to attacks of the piles for the last
*Monthly Homoeopathic Review, London.
502
NEW REMEDIES.
ten years. Her symptoms were, "great suffering from weight or pres-
sure at the anus; hemorrhoids protruding; great exhaustion from
frequent hemorrhage from the rectum; bowels constipated; severe
frontal headache; restless nights; mouth parched and dry on awak-
ing. Hamamelis, 6th, ten drops in six ounces of water, one table-
spoonful three times a day. The third day after, the hemorrhoidal
symptoms were much relieved, but she complained of severe pains in
the back. Continued the medicine. Five days after, the hemor-
rhoids painful and protruding. A new symptom had also developed
itself. My patient wished me to examine her arms, as during the
past two days she had suffered severely from a peculiar pricking
pain, from the wrist to the shoulder, which pain is increased on pres-
sure. On examining the arms, I found that the patient indicated the
direction of the pain along the course of the superficial veins. Or-
dered Sach. Lactis, to be continued the next three days, when the
pricking pains had quite left her arms, but the hemorrhoids were still
troublesome. Hamamelis, 6, thirty drops in six ounces of water to
be used as a lotion. A pledget of lint, saturated with this, to be ap-
plied to the hemorrhoids every night. Six days after she reported
herself well. Six months after the same patient applied again. She
was suffering from protruding hemorrhoids, accompanied by severe
inflammation. She also had catarrhal symptoms, and was very des-
pondent. Hamamelis 6 was given as above, and the lotion used as
before. She took only five doses, because,-'after the fourth dose she
became very much alarmed by a pricking pain in the region of the
heart.' The hemorrhoids, however, were much relieved. Ordered:
Sach. lactis. Two days after the pricking pain 'about the heart' was
still very severe; it was also now felt in the courses of the superficial
veins of both arms. These pricking pains continued for a period of
ten days, increasing in intensity during that time. At length I
prescribed Arnica, 12th, three times a day: Two weeks after the
patient states that she fells better than she has done for years; and
the piles, to use her own expression, 'have been completely van-
quished.' I must not forget to record that while under treatment,
this patient had been relieved by the Hamamelis, of a peculiar tight-
ness of the chest, from which she had suffered from childhood."
This case presents some interesting peculiarities, namely: The
apparent pathogenetic symptoms caused by the Hamamelis, simulat-
ing inflammation of the veins, and even the heart. The question
might arise, would not the same pains etc., have arisen during the
course of an attack of inflammation of the hemorrhoidal veins, had
the Hamamelis not been administered? However, Hahnemann
would undoubtedly have placed these symptoms in the pathogenesis
of Hamamelis, and we may do the same; still, we would wish that
further experiments would substantiate the reliability of these symp-
toms as purely belonging to the drug, in which case they would be
very important, as indicating, unmistakeably, its sphere of action.
Urinary Organs.-Scanty, high-colored urine. Irritation of the
urethra, followed by a discharge and ardor urina.-(Payne.)
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
503
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Hamamelis has been found use-
ful in hæmaturia. Several cases presenting the symptom "bloody
urine" have been reported cured by this remedy.
In hematuria,"-writes Dr. Preston-"China and Hamamelis
are the principal remedies, unless there be ulceration of the prostate,
or neck of the bladder, when these should be alternated with Aster-
ias rubens. In all hemorrhages dependent upon scirrous or carcin-
otomous ulceration, we have used Hamamelis to control the hemor-
rhage, and Asterias rubens to arrest the ulcerative process, and we
have had more than ordinary success with these remedies in a num-
ber of cases. In renal and urethral hemorrhages, China, Cantharis,
Mezereum and Terebinth are recommended, but we have had cases
of congestion of the tubuli uriniferi, following scarlatina and attended
with discharges of black blood from the kidneys, when neither of
them, nor Digitalis, Hamamelis, Zinc, and a host of others, had any
good effect, but were cured in two or three days by the use of Gallic
acid, in three grain doses, three times a day."
Dr. Belcher reports the following case, which perhaps can be
classed among renal affections: "A lady, who, while pregnant, had
albuminaria and general anasarca, with occasional vaginal discharges.
of blood. She was prematurely confined, when about six and a half
months advanced, and then had adherent placenta, which, until de-
tached, caused her to flood so profusely as to be faint and fainting for
four or five hours. About twelve or fourteen days afterwards she was
attacked with dysentery, which lasted four or five days; about ten or
twelve days after this with ague and fever; after this, flooding again,
which last attack was controlled without difficulty, by Hamamelis
second, repeated every three or four hours."
Dr. Payne asserts, and proves his assertions by experiments with
the Hamamelis, that it has a specific influence upon the mucous mem-
branes of the urethra, bladder and ureters.
He says:
"I have had
*
a vast number of cases of ardor urinæ in the female, and urethral
irritability, and this remedy in doses of one or two grains, three or
four times a day, affords almost immediate relief." * 'I have
also used it in a great many cases of catarrh of the urethra, in con-
nection with diseases of the prostate gland, and have found it in doses
of from one-fourth to one-half grain, a most serviceable remedy.
gentleman who came under my charge with catarrh of the bladder, of
several years standing, was entirely relieved in the course of ten days
by the use of one-sixteenth of a grain of Gelsemin and one-eighth of
a grain of Hamamelis, every three hours."
A
"A lady who had been treated by several physicians for disease
of the bladder, with injections of nitrate of silver and other caustics,
and the case pronounced a cancerous affection of the bladder, was
entirely cured by the use of Hamamelin and Gelsemin, in four
months."
These cases have some value, but would have more had the Hama-
melis been used singly. It was evidently homoeopathic to every
case.
504
NEW REMEDIES.
Organs of Generation of Women.-Hemorrhage from the
uterus, of bright and fresh blood, not coagulable, about midway be-
tween the menstrual periods, (from one drop of the third-Dr. Pres-
ton.) Active uterine hemorrhage in a young lady.
Violent contractions of the vagina, and a smarting burning sensa-
tion followed by prurigo.—(Paine.) Acute vaginitis. Ardor urinæ
with irritation of the vagina.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Preston, who reports the pathogen-
etic symptoms referred to above, remarks that in the first case, that a
"leucorrhoea which the lady had been troubled with for years, ceased
as soon as she began taking the Hamamelis, and has not again ap-
peared." It is a common and popular domestic remedy, in form of a
decoction, used as a vaginal enema, and generally with considerable
success. Eclectic writers recommend it in leucorrhoea with relaxa-
tion of the vaginal walls, but consider its action as that of an astrin-
gent. True, the Hamamelis contains tannin in quite an appreciable
quantity, but even tannin is homoeopathic-secondarily to some
forms of leucorrhoea. Hamamelis, used internally and topically, is
one of the most useful medicines in those varieties of leucorrhoea
which simulate a hemorrhage, and constitute a drain on the system
as severe as a bleeding. In most cases, however, it should be alter-
nated with Pulsatilla, Sepia, Helonias or Senecio.
Dr. Paine, (eclectic,) says it has a specific action on the mucous
membranes of the uterus and vagina. His experiments on women,
with Hamamelis, prove this to be a fact. He says, after relating his
experiments: "Hence, (?) the remedy is of great value in vaginal
leucorrhoea, * * in doses of one-eighth of a grain, three times a
day, this is a most prompt remedy."
A lady came under my charge not long since, who had been
treated for vaginal leucorrhoea for several years, without obtaining
any relief. I gave her one grain of triturated Hamamelin, four times
a day, together with tepid vaginal injections. Sponge baths in the
morning and a nutritious diet. The result was the vaginitis was con-
trolled in the course of a week, and the leucorrhoea was entirely cured
in a few weeks."*
Dr. Okie, in his letter to Dr. Hering, says he found it useful in
ovarian disease : My first use of the remedy was in the case of a
colored girl, twenty-two years of age, of plethoric habit, who at the
age of eighteen had received a violent blow over the left ovarian re-
gion, and since that time had suffered with violent pains, at times
concentrating themselves in the seat of the original injury, and again
producing a diffused and agonizing soreness over the whole abdomen;
the touch aggravated these sufferings intensely; the left ovarian re-
gion was swollen, flat on percussion; the menses were irregular, very
painful, with exacerbation of all the sufferings at the catamenial epoch.
Examination per vaginum, disclosed exquisite tenderness of the canal,
a swollen and tumid os uteri, which was likewise extremely sensitive
* Paine's "Concentrated Medicines,"
P. 60
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
505
Passing the finger by the side of the neck of the uterus, and pressing
upward toward the left ovarian region likewise caused extreme suffer-
ing. This patient was frequently afflicted with retention of urine,
had been obliged to use the catheter for several days together. I
made use of the Hamamelis in this case, both internally and exter-
nally. I made use of Pond's extract. After using it she was much
relieved; could bear pressure on the swollen part, the swelling hav-
ing notably diminished; the diffused soreness was less marked. She
bore the vaginal examination with more ease. A gradual return to
health set in from the time the Hamamelis was commenced.
Dr. R. Ludlam informs us that he has found this medicine a most
important remedy, internally and locally, in all ovarian diseases ac-
companied with swelling and tenderness of those organs. He advises
compresses, wet in the dilute tincture, constantly applied to the sen-
sitive locality.
It was found very useful by Dr. Burnett in varices, during
pregnancy. "A woman in the fourth month of pregnancy with
her seventh child. She was compelled to labor for a livelihood; suf-
fered almost always with varicose veins; at this time she was very
lame; suffered much pain and could scarcely move about.
I gave
twelve globules of Hamamelis, 3d dilution, and a wash of diluted
tincture. She took four pills at a dose, two doses a day. The first
day she felt entire relief from pain, and could exercise with case.
She required no farther treatment. I attended her in confinement
and found no trace of her former malady." "A lady pregnant with
her fourth child. She complained of a painful stiffness, and a sensa-
tion of stiffness and weakness in the left leg, which continued to some
extent during pregnancy. But the Hamamelis gave her prompt relief
and there was no return of it after confinement." "A woman preg-
nant with her fifth child. During the last three pregnancies, she
has been troubled severely with varicose veins, which, after the fifth
month had burst above the left ankle and bled profusely. When I
was called to see her she was only four months advanced in preg-
nancy, but the bleeding had commenced and she was anticipating a
serious time. I gave her Hamamelis three time a day, diluted tinc-
ture for a wash. She had no more bleeding and is now well."
Dr. F. Burnett, of New Orleans, found the Hamamelis useful in
dysmenorrhæa: "A colored woman, aged thirty-five.
Two years
previous, at a time the menses should have appeared, she experienced
severe pains through the lumbar and hypogastric regions, and down
the legs; fullness of the bowels and brain, with severe pain through
the whole head, resulting in stupor and deep sleep, lasting twelve to
thirty-six hours, from which it was impossible to arouse her; after
which she gradually returned to her natural state, and so remained
till the time for the next menstrual period, when the same suffering
was repeated. She was brought to me at the commencement of one
of these paroxysms; the pain in the head, pubic region and head had
already commenced. I gave eight globules of the fifteenth dilution
of Hamamelis, to be taken in two doses, four hours apart, which es
506
NEW REMEDIES.
tablished her menses perfectly without any further medication, and
she continued to menstruate regularly afterwards.”
"An Irish girl, aged eighteen, strong, robust make. She had never
menstruated, but had suffered instead with hæmatemesis, constant con-
stipation and varices of the legs. I gave her Hamamelis fifteenth, to be
taken three times a day. Her menses appeared immediately, her legs
got well, and I knew of her perfect health for three years afterwards,
during which time she became a mother." This case illustrates its
curative virtues in vicarious menstruation, when the condition is in
correspondence with that caused by Hamamelis.
Dr. John Pattison, of England, says of the use of this remedy :*
Hamamelidin possesses a peculiar power, almost sui generis, in
assuaging the pain caused by dysmenorrhoea, whether in inflammatory
or neuralgic phase. In a large number of cases it warded off the
periodical suffering without checking the flow, by giving repeated
doses of the alkaloid for a number of days before the beginning of
the anticipated paroxysm." He says "Hamamelis (tincture) pos-
sesses none of this power.' We cannot see why an alkaloid should
have virtues differing from the mother tincture.
The following interesting case of vicarious menstruation, is
reported by Dr. Kenyon: "Mary F., aged fourteen, has al-
ways enjoyed tolerable good health until the last eighteen months,
when she menstruated. The first time there was considerable
pain in the back and head, for several days preceding it, with nausea,
vertigo, etc. The flow was natural, and recurred two succeeding
months quite regularly, and without any of the unpleasant sensations
which preceded the first. When the fourth period came round there
was no indication of menstruation, but in place of it, quite free epis-
taxis; this continued for several months, increasing in severity each
month. She was emaciated very much; no color in the cheeks or
lips; pulse 140 and feeble; action of the heart very labored, but not
giving any signs of organic lesion; extremities considerably bloated;
stomach very irritable; bowels constipated; urine scanty and clear;
some cough and great dyspnoea. It was the day when the bleeding
was to return, and I watched the case; there was over a quart of
blood lost; it was thin, forming very slight coagula. I gave her the
sixth and thirtieth dilution in alternation, two doses of each in twen-
ty-four hours, which was all the medicine she got during the month
following, except a few doses of Arsenicum for dyspnoea, when it was
troublesome. When the next month came round she menstruated reg-
ularly, and had no more bleeding, and from this time she went on
rapidly to a perfect recovery, under the use of Hamamelis." In
uterine hemorrhage, it is highly extolled by some physicians.
Preston cured a case of "active uterine hemorrhage caused by a fall;
it was promptly relieved by it;" but he thinks "its particular sphere
seems to be in passive hemorrhages and venous congestions." He
* Diseases of Women.
† American Homœopathic Review, Vol. II, p. 412.
Dr.
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
507
has "cured many cases of passive uterine hemorrhage with Hamam-
elis." Dr. W. E. Payne states that he has not used the Hamamelis
successfully in uterine hemorrhages, except when the blood flowed
steadily, was venous in its character, and without uterine pains. My
own experience accords with that of Dr. Payne's; therefore I would
not advise the use of this remedy in hemorrhage after labor, for here
we want a remedy like Secale or Erigeron, which causes contraction
of the muscular tissue of the uterus, and perhaps of the arteries.
Erigeron is antipodal to Hamamelis. It is directly indicated in
active, arterial hemorrhage, as the latter is in passive venous
bleedings,
Dr. Burt* makes the following report of the treatment of ovarian
diseases with Hamamelis:
Case 1st.-Mrs. G-, aged 30; bilious-lymphatic temperament;
nursing a babe. For the last two months has had paroxysms of pain
in her right groin, from six to twenty times a day. The pain com-
mences in the region of the right ovary, and passes down the broad
ligament to the uterus. She says it is just like the pains of labor,
but commences in the wrong place. There is a swelling in the right
groin half as large as a hen's egg, and is very tender on pressure; a
good deal of pain in the epigastrium and lumbar regions; no appetite;
tongue furred white; quite weak; keeps her bed most of the time;
bowels costive; chlorotic look. Gave Hamamelis 1st-twenty drops
in a tumbler of water a dessert spoonful every four hours. Called
again in three days and found my patient at work. Immediately
after taking the medicine she commenced to improve, and has contin-
ued to do so ever since. She has pain two or three times a day now,
but not near as severe as it was at first; can bear quite hard pressure
over the tumor, pain in the stomach is all gone; good appetite.
Continued the Hamamelis two weeks, when the tumor was all gone,
and she was discharged cured.
Case 2d.-Miss N., aged 19; nervous hysterical temperament.
Aug. 20th. For the last week has been compelled to keep her
bed; has had severe paroxysms of pain night and day, but more in
the afternoon and fore part of the night. The pain commences in the
region of the left ovary, and passes down to the uterus; has pains
every fifteen or twenty minutes, The pains are of a cutting tearing
character, and are so hard that she cries with them. I cannot dis-
cover any enlargement of the ovary; cannot bear to have her bowels
touched; has not had her menses for six weeks; has a constant leu-
corrhoea; the mammary glands are very tender, and frequently have
sharp pains in them; constant pain in the back of the head; no appe-
tite; bowels costive; extremely nervous; does not sleep any at
night; very pale. There is no doubt but that she is an onanist. Gave
her Caulophylline 2d, every two hours.
21st. Slept some and is feeling a little better.
same remedy,
* American Homœopathic Observer, vol. II, p. 244.
Continued the
508
NEW REMEDIES.
22d. Had a very bad night, and is feeling worse to-day.
Belladonna and Nux vomica.
Gave
23d. Feeling some better, but still suffering severely. Gave
Macrotin 2d.
very
25th. Sent for in great haste. The patient is much worse :
had a hard day, yesterday; slept none last night; extremely nervous
Gave Hamamelis, twenty drops of the tincture in a tumbler of water
-a dessert spoonful every half hour until relieved, and then every
two hours. After the third dose, she commenced to get easy, and
slept about four hours through the night; feeling quite easy to-day,
but the pains have not entirely ceased.
Continued the Hamamelis three days, when the patient was dis-
charged convalescent, every symptom having been removed but the
leucorrhoea, which she did not care to be treated for. This is a very
interesting and instructive case.
Case 3d.-Mrs. B., aged 37; bilious temperament; nursing a
babe. For the last three months has been gradually losing her
strength; looks very pale and anæmic. For a long time has had fre-
quent paroxysms of pain in the region of the left ovary, passing
down to the uterus. The pains, to use her own language, “are just
like they were when I was confined." Some days there was a large
swelling in the right groin, which is very tender when pressed upon.
Then there are days when there is no enlargement. Has a very poor
appetite; can just keep up; is very weak, and fears that she will have
to wean the babe, which is six months old; bowels are costive. Gave
Pulsatilla one week. The first two days it gave great relief; after
that it did no good. The paroxysms of pain come on every two or
three hours, and are worse in the evening. Gave Hamamelis. The
pains gradually became less for three days, when they were all gone.
I continued it for three days longer. She had no return of the pain,
but rapidly regained her strength without any more medicine, This
was a case of ovarian irritation, and it was a pleasing cure.
In passive uterine hemorrhage I have given the Hamemelis with
good results, but in active uterine hemorrhage I have given it a num
ber of times and never received any benefit from it.
Organs of Generation of Man.-Irritation of the urethra,
followed by a discharge, with ardor urinæ; burning and smarting
during urination.-(Paine.)
Amorous dreams, with emissions; followed by great lassitude and
a gloomy, desponding mood, with severe, dull pains in the lumbar
region. (From small doses.) Great prostration of the animal passions,
with severe neuralgic pain in the testicles, of a dull, drawing charac-
ter, which changes suddenly to the bowels and stomach, producing
nausea and great faintness, (From large doses.) Drawing pains in
the testicles day and night, but more during the night, from the dilu
tions. Drawing pains in the groins, passing down to the testicles
Profuse cold sweat of the scrotum.—(Burt.)
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
509
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Burt's symptoms justify him in
asserting that the "great field of action of the Hamamelis is on the
generative organs of nian and woman, and on the venous system.'
Dr. Paine also states his belief that its acts specifically on the mu-
cous membranes of the genito-urinary system. It is to be regretted
that Dr. Paine did not give the symptoms minutely, stating the nature
of the discharge, the kind of pain, sensations in the urethra, etc.
The symptoms of both provers, however, points to its homeopathicity
to the following affections:
Urethritis, with a discharge, probably of a clear, transparent
mucus.
The Hamamelis was at one time highly lauded as an excellent rem-
edy in the treatment of gonorrhoea. It was advised to administer the
remedy internally, and use the diluted tincture, or Pond's extract, as
an injection. Dr. Small informs me that in the first stage of this
disease it has appeared to be of benefit, in allaying pain and inflam-
mation. It may be useful in all stages, but cannot be looked upon as
a specific remedy. I have advised it in long standing cases of gleet
with apparent benefit.
In orchitis, it is highly praised by Dr. Ludlam. He says that
under its external use, the tumefaction and pain rapidly subsides.
He considers it to have some specific power over inflammatory affec-
tions of the testes and ovaries.
Spermatorrhæa comes within the sphere of action of this remedy
especially in those cases which are preceded by excitement of the
sexual passions and followed by impotence, with melancholy, and
severe neuralgic irritation of the testicles.
Neuralgia of the testicles and the nerves which follow the sper-
matic vessels, is clearly pictured in the symptoms experienced by Dr.
Burt. It is a favorite remedy with many physicians in painful affec-
tions of the testicles, and we now know it to be homoeopathic to such
conditions.
The symptom "cold sweat of the scrotum at night," is an impor
tant indication. It is one of the first indications of incipient
impotence. This symptom is only found in one other remedy, namely,
Caladium, a medicine but little known, but one of the best we have
for the cure of impotence. Capsicum has "coldness of the scrotum,'
but no sweat. Thuja, Sepia, Silicia, Petroleum, Mercurius sol., Mag-
nesia mur., and Cantharis have "sweat in the scrotum," but it is not
stated whether warm or cold.
Dr. Preston, in an able paper on "Diseases of the Veins,"*
says:
"The homœopathic treatment of Circocele, (varicosis of the
spermatic veins.) is very much the same as for varicose veins in the
leg, and in a number of cases under my own observation, has been
found successful. To illustrate this treatment, I prefer to give the
following report of a case, sent me by Dr. George Barrow, of Taun-
ton, Mass.: A friend of mine, about thirty years of age, a merchant
*North American Journal of Homœopathy, 1857.
!
1
510
NEW REMEDIES.
of Chicago, of scrofulous tendencies, was taken some three months
since, with a drawing pain in the left spermatic cord, with swelling,
heat, redness and pain in the cord and in the left testicle, for which
an allopath treated him four or five days with warm fomentations and
laudanum applied to the part. The testicle swollen four or five times
its usual size; very hard and painful, was closely, enveloped with
collodion, frequently applied, (to support the tumor?) while sedlitz
powders were given to keep the bowels open. As this treatment
gave no relief, but the symptoms rather grew worse, my friend was
easily persuaded to abandon it and try the homoeopathic plan. In
consultation with Dr. Smith, of Chicago, where I happened to be
present on a visit, I gave the patient Belladonna, Pulsatilla and Cle-
matis for a week, with very little benefit, when I proposed to try Ham-
amelis. I accordingly obtained a bottle of "Pond's extract," of
which I administered drop doses every two hours, and enveloped the
scrotum in a bandage wet with a solution of the same medicine,one
part of the tincture to about ten parts of alcohol and water. In
twenty-four hours he was free from all pain, the swelling gradually
disappeared, and with the help of a silk suspensory bandage, he was
able to resume his business in a few days, and now is entirely well."
Larynx.-Tickling in the larynx, with constant inclination to
cough; pressing sensation in the larynx; slight, hacking cough.—
(Burt.)
Thoracic Organs.-Return of inflammation of the diaphragm
with the following symptoms: Labored respiration; oppressive
tightness of the lower part of the thorax, with inability to make a
deep and full inspiration; when attempting to assume the recumbent
posture, breathing became almost impossible; a crowding fullness in
the neck and head, and a sense of suffocation so as to prevent his
lying down; unable to take a deep inspiration when standing up.-
(Preston.) Pricking pain in the region of the heart; felt also in the
superficial veins of both arms. The pricking pains in the region of
the heart continued for ten days, increasing in intensity all the time.
(Arnica twelfth was then given, and the pains disappeared.)—Dav-
idson.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Hamamelis has cured cough and hæm-
optysis, with a taste of Sulphur in the mouth, and dull, frontal head-
ache. Also, "tickling cough, with a taste of blood on waking." In
hæmoptysis it is considered by some to be a remedy par excellence,
applicable to nearly all cases; but this is going too far. It can never
take the place of Aconite. Dr. Preston (Diseases of Veins.) says:
"In general, we look upon Hamamelis as a specific for passive venous
hemorrhages, and we have seen it successful in arresting this partic-.
ular form of bleeding from the pulmonary mucous membrane; but
we speak from only a few years experience, and that of a few obser-
vers, and therefore we must be impartial enough to mention a few of
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
511
The
those remedies which other practitioners have recommended as useful
in the cure of some forms of hæmoptysis: Aconite, Ipecac., Ferrum
aceticum, Arnica, Millefol, etc. Dr. E. M. Payne* reports the follow-
ing case: A young lady, aged sixteen, was seized while at school,
and without any premonitory symptoms, with blood-spitting. The
patient was of slender build, light hair, blue eyes, fair complexion,
lax fibre and phthisical diathesis; menses regular and normal.
blood-spitting commenced with a slight hack, and continued with
scarcely a moment's intermission, up to the time of my visit, a period
of nearly an hour. I found her lying upon a sofa, calm, with a nap-
kin in hand nearly saturated with apparently pure venous blood, and
spitting about the amount of a teaspoonful at intervals of one or two
minutes. The blood came into the mouth without any effort. She
described it as issuing about ten inches below the right clavicle, in a
warm current, making apparently a tortuous course, and at the same
time there was a sensation in that region, as from the pressure of a
hard body. Pulse somewhat accelerated, eighty-five. Ferrum aceti-
cum was given, but caused no improvement in three hours, Millefol-
ium, Aconite, Ipecac., and Belladonna caused no amelioration. Ham-
amelis, four drops of the tincture to half a tumbler of water. A
spoonful was given. The bleeding immediately ceased, and did not
afterwards return. I have never used the Hamamelis successfully,
in cases of blood-spitting when the blood was of light fluid red, frothy
in appearance, and raised by much cough."
Dr. Okie, of Providence, Rhode Island, reported an inter-
esting case in which hæmoptysis was present, in a complicated
lung affection. Hamamelis controlled the bleeding, but was power-
less to cure the patient. A girl aged nine, was said to be in a dying
state. She was sitting upright, supported with pillows, her breath
greatly oppressed. She had been ill about two years, dating her first
loss of health to a cough, which was said to have resulted from swal-
lowing a small piece of straw; since that period, she had been tor-
mented with incessant cough. She bled from the lungs pints at a
time. She had raised large quantities of offensive matter; at one
time 'nearly a tumblerful.' Examination elicited general anasarca,
great swelling of the lower extremities; the abdomen swollen from
the areolar infiltration; face much puffed, closing the eyelids; a num-
ber of spots, resembling purpura, were found upon the lower extrem-
ities; she had been troubled with profuse epistaxis. Auscultatory
examination elicited the presence of a very long cavity, extending
from the mammary region to near the base of the right side.
respiration in the left lung was puerile, with a mingling of rhonchi and
mucous rhales. The urinary secretion was almost null, the urine
itself of a deep, brandy color, depositing a heavy lateritious sedi-
ment. I feared a fatal result, and speedily. The scant urinary
secretions and pleuritic pains, the hydropic tendency, and the state
of the thoracic organs led me to fear the supervention of anæmia and
serous effusion into the pleural sac. Iodine was given; for about a
*U. S. Journal of Homœopathy, Vol. I. page 730.
The
512
NEW REMEDIES.
fortnight she improved; the urine was much increased, the dropsy
lessened, and the respiration easier; petechiæ did not appear, cough
about as usual. At this time she was seized with epistaxis and hæm-
optysis, pulse full, etc. Hamamelis checked the hæmorhage promptly
and there was no recurrence. The strength, appetite and general
health improved, so that she was up and about her usual avocations.
She lived about eighteen months, but finally died from pulmonary
abscess.*
Back.—Tearing pains across the small of the back, with fullness
of the joints of the legs.-(Burritt.)
Dull, dragging pains in the lumbar region; severe back-ache all
day after an emission; dull pains in the sacrum and hips.-(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It has been found useful as an external
application for lumbago, "Crick in the back," myalgia, bedsores and
petechia.
Upper and Lower Extremities.—Pricking pain in the superfi-
cial veins of both arms, extending from the wrists to the shoulder.-
(Davidson.) Painful fullness of the joints of the legs, as if they
would burst, which soon extends to all the joints of the body; after
the fullness of the joints disappear, then there was a dread of moving
the limbs, as if it would cause suffering, with a weary, stiff, full
feeling.
Severe, drawing pains in the flexor muscles; dull pain in the
right elbow joint; drawing pains in the wrists, hands and fingers;
stiffness in the hands and fingers; palms of the hand are hot and
dry. Dull, drawing pains in the legs; weakness of the knees; draw-
ing pains in the feet and toes.-(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The greatest triumph of Hamamelis
has been in the treatment of varicoses of the limbs. Dr. Preston,
writing of varicoses, remarks: "Homœopathy has, as in many other
cases, directed us to a specific remedy, which in my practice, as well
as in that of a number of my colleagues in this section of the country,
has been attended with uniform success in the treatment of this an-
noying disease. Since 1851, (six years.) I have prescribed Hamam-
elis in upwards of fifty cases of varicose veins of the lower limbs,
and in no single case has it failed to make a decided curative impres-
sion; but in the great majority of cases, it has thus far, at least,
proved a radical cure. My plan is: First, to bandage the limb
tightly; from the arch of the foot to a little above the knee, or to the
hips, if the varices are above the knee, and the best bandage, in my
opinion, is an elastic silk stocking, manufactured for the purpose.
Under this, compresses of linen are laid over the dilated veins, and
kept wet with Hamamelis tincture, or Pond's extract. I give the 3d
dilution internally, two or three times a day. Some few cases, with
* Phladelphia Journal, Vol. I, page 538.
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA.
513
large, indolent ulcers on the tibia or malleolus, have been under
treatment a year, but most of them have been cured, or at least have
disappeared in less than half that time. The crowning point of its
virtues, (Hamamelis.) rests in its peculiarly prompt action in cases of
phlegmasia alba dolens, and in varicose veins. In old cases of vari-
cosis, I have never seen its equal; and have cured many cases of
varicose veins of the leg and foot, which had resisted all other treat-
ment for years."
""
Dr. Belcher reports several cases of varices, in pregnant women,
cured by Hamamelis. (See cases under "Organs of Generation of
Women.") Dr. Barrows found this remedy a valuable auxiliary in
the treatment of a child with the following symptoms:
Inflamma-
tion of the femoral vein, with the erysipelatous spot near the groin,
and over the vein, spreading over nearly one-half the thigh, with
flexion of the leg; swelling of the entire leg and foot, with tension;
heat and pale appearance of the limbs; scanty urine, stiffening the
linen (albuminous); tympanitis; oedema of the whole body, limbs.
and face. Calcarea, Hepar Sulphur, and other remedies were used.
(See case in full, in the North American Journal, Vol VI, page 317.)
Dr. R. Ludlam informs me that he considers the Hamamelis of the
greatest advantage in all cases of articular rheumatism, with swollen
and painful joints; as a local application, it seems to possess decided
anodyne properties. He advises that cloths or cotton wool, wet in.
the dilute tincture, be applied constantly to the affected parts.
The
The Homœopathic Review, for April 1864, contains a case of
phlebitis, reported by Dr. H. Robinson, Jr., cured by Hamamelis..
The symptoms were: "Great pain in the right leg, from the knee to.
the hip; leg much swollen, and quite sensitive to the touch.
cutaneous veins were hard, knotty, swollen and painful. The skin
erysipelatous; pulse small and wiry; much thirst and no appetite;
bowels costive; urine red and scanty; veins of the abdomen hard,
like cords, red and painful. Gave Hamamelis 1st, five drops in half
a goblet of water." "Cured in ten days.
"
33
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES.
(American Pennyroyal.)
ANALOGUES.-Apis, Cantharis, Caulophyllum, Copaiva, Erigeron,
Pulsatilla, Sabina, Secale, Senecio, Tanacetum, Turpentine.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is erect, branched and hairy;
its leaves are petioled, oblong-ovate, obscurely serrate, the floral simi-
lar; whorls few-flowered; corolla, bluish, pubescent, scarcely exceed-
ing the calyx; sterile filaments, tipped with a little head. It is com-
mon and mostly found in open barren fields and woods; flowers from
July to September; plant from six to ten inches high, with nearly the
same odor and taste as the true Pennyroyal, (Mentha puligium.) of
Europe.
[Ĥ. HISPIDA.-Erect, hairy; plant from two to five inches high;
leaves sessile, linear, entire, the floral similar, and exceeding the
flowers; corolla scarcely longer than the ciliate, hispid calyx. It is
found in Illinois and southward.]
This is a well known plant growing in dry, sterile situations,
especially in calcareous soils and blossoms from June to September,
rendering the air fragrant for some distance around it. It is an in-
digenous annual, common to all parts of the United States. It has a
pleasant, aromatic smell, which, however, is very offensive to some
persons, and a warm, pungent, mint-like taste. It must not be con-
founded with the Mentha puligium, or European Pennyroyal.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the fresh plant, from
which we prepare dilutions; Oleum Hedeomæ, and the dilutions
made with strong alcohol. (Infusion.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant has been in common use among
the people, from the early settlement of the country. It is considered
a substitute for the stronger Pennyroyal of Europe. It is considered
by the opposite schools of physicians as a stimulant, carminative, dia-
phoretic, and emmenagogue. In homoeopathic practice this plant has
not been used to any extent.
No regular proving of this plant has been made, but Dr. C. E.
Toothacher, of Philadelphia, published an interesting case of poison-
ing by the oil,* from which a very suggestive fragmentary proving
was made up. From the number and importance of the symptoms
elicited, and their peculiarity, we should judge the Hedeoma to be a
valuable polychrest, and would suggest that the pathogenesis be com-
pleted. As the proving above referred to was never published in
our standard works on Materia Medica, it has probably met the eyes
*Philadelphia Journal of Homœopathy, Vol. II, p. 655.
HEDEOMA PELEGIOIDES.
515
of but few physicians. For this reason no clinical experience has
been published or communicated to me. I have therefore gleaned
what I could from other sources, and if not quite reliable, they may,
in connection with the proving, assist the practitioner in prescribing
this remedy.
It will be noticed that many of the prominent poisonous symptoms
were palliated or modified by the remedies given to antidote the
effects of the oil upon the system. The picture of the disease would
be more vivid and distinct, could the drug-disease have been suffered
to go on unmodified. The following is the case alluded to:
"On Monday, April 26th, Mrs., a married woman, living with
her husband, finding herself affected with suppression, which, as she
represents, she supposed to be the effects of a cold, was induced to
take a large quantity of Oleum Pennyroyal or Oleum Hedeoma pule-
gioides. She took, in a single dose, a small teaspoonful of the oil of
the shops, in a small quantity-about a tablespoonful of warm water,
and as this did not produce the effect desired, four days after she took
another dose, about a like quantity in a similar manner. The suffer-
ing became so great that I was called to attend her the following
Sunday. I found her suffering great pain and misery, and as I knew
not that she had taken any drugs or other medicines, I proceeded to
prescribe for her according to the symptoms then existing, which
were nearly as follows:
Excessive bearing down pains, with pressure extending outwards
toward the vulva, from the whole lower abdomen, accompanied by
almost unendurable pains in the back, drawing down from the upper
sacral spine, extending also to the epigastrium and stomach. These
pains had all the characteristics of true labor pains, returning if she
remained at rest, with regular periodicity, but greatly aggravated by
the least movement. She lay on the floor upon a small mattress, from
which she could not be removed, so great was the aggravation from
every motion, until the following day.
In addition to the above symptoms, there were severe pressive
pains in the head, with dull, heavy feeling; pains and coldness in the
limbs, particularly in the feet; semi-paralysis, a sort of inability to
move or turn herself; nausea, a rising up sensation from the stomach,
producing occasional retching to vomit; frequent but periodical dysp-
noea and oppression of the the thorax; difficulty of breathing at times
very great; nervous weakness and oppression; jerking, not apparently
muscular, but nervous twitchings in every part of the body, sensible
in the pulse or whenever my fingers touched the flesh, and felt by
516
NEW REMEDIES.
her through the entire system. The least food or drink taken into
the stomach greatly increased the pain in the abdomen and the nau-
sea; the abdomen sore to the touch, or very sensitive to pressure.
With some difficulty, she informed me that she was laboring under
suppression, to which she attributed her sufferings. Regarding it as
a case of threatened abortion, to which I knew she was constitution-
ally liable, I prescribed at first Chamomilla, and afterwards Nux
vomica. The symptoms were soon modified by the administration of
these remedies. The pains became more endurable when she re-
mained perfectly quiet, and I left her, after about six hours, to get
what rest she could till morning. During the evening, I was in-
formed by her husband that she had taken the oil of Pennyroyal, to
which I at once attributed a large portion of the sufferings above
described. Next day, Monday, found my patient still suffering
severely, though much less than the day before. I continued the
administration of such remedies as Nux vomica, Chamomilla, Hyos-
ciamus and Stramonium, with very gradual alleviation.
At twelve o'clock, the patient still suffering; those bearing down
pains, though less severe, still continue; cannot yet be moved; ab
domen still sore; there has been suppression of urine, with great
pain on passing water, for the last twenty-four hours; there is still
coldness of the feet and the extremities, particularly to the touch.
nervous twitchings continue. As these symptoms seemed to have a
relation to Camphora, and thinking it might prove an antidote to the
Oleum Hedeomæ, I prescribed Camphoræ tinctura, a drop in ten
spoonfuls of water, a spoonful every half hour for three hours, to be
followed by Cantharis 6th, a powder every four hours. In one hour
after the administration of the Camphor, was able to remove her to
her bed; next morning found her up and at her work, ironing; not
well, considerable fever, but as she said, free from pain except imme-
diately after eating and drinking, the least food or drink immediately
producing bearing down pains and other suffering. I continued the
use of the remedies enumerated, during the week. On Saturday
there were still remaining the following symptoms; considerable ner-
vous twitching, sense of weakness; sense of weight in the lower ab-
domen, without pain, except from motion or eating, which might still
produce slight pains; burning sensations in the abdomen, which was
still sensitive to pressure; urine still scanty and painful; tongue cov-
ered with a white coat; constipation continued. As these symptoms
appeared to call for Nux vomica, it was given, or rather continued
from yesterday, with one or two powders of Cantharis. Nux 3d, a
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES.
517
powder every four hours; Cantharis 10th, two powders. After her
symptoms had been so alleviated that she could converse easily, I
obtained from her the following detail of her case:
On Monday, she was induced by some person to take as a remedy
for suppression of the menses, a large dose of Oil of Pennyroyal, not
Oleum Mentha Pulegii, but Oleum Hedeoma. She took a small tea-
spoonful of the oil in a tablespoonful of warm water. Had great dif-
ficulty in swallowing it, followed immediately by nervous weakness,
with slight nausca and retching.
After about half an hour, bearing down sensations in the lower
abdomen, with outward pressure in the genital organs, and sense of
weakness in the limbs. None of these symptoms were very severe,
though well marked.
Tuesday and Wednesday.-Periodical return of the above symp-
toms, but each day with diminished force.
Thursday.-Took another teaspoonful of the same oil as before.
In swallowing it, it nearly took her breath; affected all her nerves;
nearly took away the use of her limbs, followed by excessive retch-
ing, nausea, and straining to vomit; after this, great sense of weak-
ness and prostration. About an hour afterwards, bearing down pains,
with pressing outward in the utero-vaginal region, accompanied by a
feeling of weakness in the limbs, so that she could scarcely stand.
These pains continued severe for about an hour, when they gradually
subsided. Occasional return of the same symptoms till the next day,
but with diminished force.
Friday. Uterine symptoms nearly the same as yesterday.
Saturday. Some symptoms much more severe bearing down
pains greatly increased, with nervous weakness; dull, heavy feeling
in the head in the morning, not continued through the day; also, weak
faint feeling, going off when lying down, but could not sit up; every
thing turned black; excessive nausea and disposition to vomit; pains
periodical, like labor pains, much worse than yesterday.
Sunday. Same symptoms, but still more severely aggravated;
great nausea, with straining and retching; also, nervous twitching in
all parts of the body; at about six o'clock semi-paralysis of the
limbs; could not stand or move, nor endure the pain of movement or
of being moved; general soreness; intolerable bearing down pains,
like labor pains, which had continued through the day, recur now
every few minutes and extend to the stomach and back; these pains
are periodical if perfectly at rest, but recur at every movement of the
chest or lower limbs; pain in the back is especially seated in the
518
NEW REMEDIES.
sacral spine, near the upper vertebra, dragging down from that point
to the uterus; excessive pains in the back and head; obstinate con-
stipation; coldness of the feet and extremities; shortness of breath,
as if from an asthmatic attack; a sense as of something rising in the
throat, or, as she expresses it, as if her breast were coming up into
her mouth.
Up to this period, she had taken no medicines to modify the symp-
toms. Her health had previously been as good as usual, but the
symptoms had now become alarming, and I was called to visit her.
I arrived at the house at about half past eight o'clock in the evening.
The symptoms as they then appeared, with the treatment for the en-
suing week, I have already given. The remaining history of the case
I shall detail as it occurred each day.
Sunday. Much improvement; nervous twitchings, for the pres-
ent, wholly disappeared; constipation, which had continued ten or
twelve days without an evacuation, relieved by a free and easy pas-
sage; sense of weakness much diminished; almost every way better
than yesterday; much better. It is now ten days since the last dose
of the Hedeoma was taken, and seven since I was called to attend
her, and there still remains the sense of weight in the uterine region,
with pressure outward; pains greatly increased by movemeut; nau-
sea and pains after eating, with a drawing sensation from the upper
sacral spine to the uterus; other symptoms here yielded to medicine.
I prescribed Veratrum 6th, four powders, to. be followed, if further
relief be not obtained in less than twelve hours, by Arsenicum 6th,
a powder every three hours.
Monday. The first powder of Veratrum, almost entirely relieved
the nausea complained of yesterday; the bearing down pains, and
the aggravation from eating subsided during the night, leaving only
a sense of weakness, with bearing down pains on ascending or de-
scending, as in going up or down stairs; passing water is still very
painful; passes very little, with frequent and urgent desire; never
affected in this way before; cutting, burning pains, with tenesmus of
the sphincter urinarius; pains at the upper sacral spine continues
constant, but much mitigated, and only extends to the uterus when
going up and down stairs; cutting pain felt only when she draws a
breath, but constant, that is, at every breath not periodical, like
labor pains. Leucorrhoea with itching and burning, commenced yes-
terday.
N. B.-A sort of neuralgic pain in the left side of the head, with
which she has been affected a month or two, remains unaffected by
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES.
519
the whole course of treatment, as yet. Now, Monday, standing any
length of time, feels her knees give way; weakness in the knees,
especially in the joints.
Wednesday. The pains in the stomach and lower abdomen and
back have been continually subsiding, though they are still trouble-
some, especially in going up or down stairs, also after eating and
drinking; warm food or drinks affect her much more than cold ones;
pains scarcely felt at all when sitting or standing; pain in the head
through the forenoon'; nose bleed to-day, which she never had before;
first bleeding of any kind since taking the oil; leucorrhoea still yel-
low, itching and burning less, but parts still sore from the discharge;
pains in the head have been of a shooting, darting character, such as
she is not accustomed to have; if she stands long, still finds the knees
stiff and weak, with swelling of the calf of the leg; passing water
still painful, unfrequent, with frequent urging desire; shooting and
cutting pains, with sense of weight, as if something were dragging
down; urine very dark, like black tea. This has been a constant
symptom since the first dose of oil, aggravated after the second dose.
Cannot stand up and work long at a time on account of a painful
weakness of the limbs, and dragging pain or weight in the genitals;
very thirsty; bad taste in the mouth; food insipid; prescribed Hyos-
ciamus 6th, three powders each day, four days, and did not see her
again until the following Tuesday.
Tuesday. Still better; been improving every day; does not suf-
fer at all now, if at rest; has been at her regular employment, wash-
ing and ironing, for nearly two weeks; still, all exertion excites those
bearing down pains from the sacrum to the uterus and vagina, but
much less than last week; at times, even now, severe; washing with
washboard excites them most; has no other pains; leucorrhoea still
continues excoriating, itching and burning; was never subject to
leucorrhoea of any kind before; not near as bad as last week; tongue
still slightly furred, pale, white coat; no more bleeding; weakness
of the joints nearly well; constant beating in the abdomen near the
ovaries, felt most when lying down; soreness, excessive sensitiveness
to pressure over the ovaries; soreness and beating only felt since a
heavy washing on a washboard last week; abdomen frequently swol-
len, tense or tympanitic at the hypogastrium; much flatulence; pains
on passing water, and dark color of the urine nearly gone; only one
or two passages from the bowels a week, but free and without pain.
Gave her Arsenicum 6th, Nux 6th, two powders each day, alternate
days.
520
NEW REMEDIES.
She had now so nearly recovered that my visits were discontinued.
June 1st.-I called again and found that all the effects of the
Pennyroyal had ceased, except a sore pain in the left temporal ridge,
as of a cut or wound, of which she had not, until now, made com-
plaint, but which she represented as having been constantly troubling
her since taking the medicine. Costiveness; has painful evacuations
every four or five days, and if she stands a long time, or walks a dis-
tance, still has pressing, bearing-down pains, from the whole lower
abdomen, with sense of weight and pressure outward; leucorrhoea,
mild and small in quantity. All other symptoms having entirely
subsided.
Attributing the symptoms in the above case to the action of the
Pennyroyal, we have made the following recapitulation, following the
usual order, as the pathogenesis of Oil of Pennyroyal. If made the
foundation of any future provings, it is to be borne in mind that the
oil and not the tincture of the plant was used in this case, and that
they were obtained from poisonous, not medicinal doses of the drug,
such as have generally been used by provers of homoeopathic rem-
edies. Also that the plant from which this oil was obtained, is the
Hedeoma pulegioides, (American Pennyroyal,) not the Mentha pule-
gium, described by European botanists.
If these facts be borne in mind, I think the following symptoms
may be strictly relied upon as pathogenetic.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Pains, with soreness; paralytic pains;
nervous twitchings; pains and suffering aggravated by movement or
by eating and drinking; periodical pains like labor pains; weakness,
especially of the joints; general nervous prostration; obliged to lie
down, could not sit up. Everything turns black; frequent perspira-
tion; nausea with a disposition to vomit.
Characteristic Symptoms.-The effects produced in this case
may be divided into two classes. First, those which were transient
or easily removed; second those which were persistent.
The more transient symptoms were nausea, retchings, prostration,
nervous twitchings, periodical pains; paralytic symptoms, coldness of
the extremities, shortness of breath, sensations of rising up in the
chest, asthmatic symptoms, loss of vision. The more persistent were
pains excited by movement, especially in the uterine region; sensa-
tion of weight in the uterus, outward pressure; pains excited by eat-
ing; drawing sensations from the upper sacral spine to the uterus.
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES.
521
painful urination; urine like black tea; scanty urination with fre-
quent urging desire; cutting pains while urinating, with tenesmus;
aggravation of pains by warm food or drink, much more than by cold
ones. Leucorrhoea, yellow, itching and burning, with excoriation of
the parts. Shooting, darting pains in the head; stiffness of the
joints, with painful weakness of the limbs, especially of the knees.
Flatulence, borborygmus, loss of appetite, obstinate constipation.
Nervous Symptoms.-These are much less persistent, at least
if we attribute the pains in the head and other parts to the reflex
action of the congested mucous surfaces upon the sentient sphere.
It will be noticed that although the symptoms of this case were ob-
tained from poisonous doses, yet a very large proportion of them were
of long continuance, from sixty to ninety days, a circumstance which,
considering the severity of the sufferings, gives to each group addi-
tional value,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Judging from this single case, we
should infer that Oil of Pennyroyal would be found useful in clonic
spasms, in uterine affections characterized by a sense of weight, draw-
ing and pressure.
(In tenesmus it would be of doubtful utility,
unless arising from a vitiated condition of the secretions, or from
inflammation or irritation of the mucous surfaces.)—(Toothacher.)
I
We are not certain that this medicine does not primarily affect the
spinal cord. The nervous symptoms may all have been reflex.
consider it indicated in spasms of hysterical women, and children
suffering from intestinal irritation, also paraplegia, from reflex uterine
irritation.
Mucous Surfaces.-The action of this remedy seems to be directed
to the mucous surfaces and muscular tissue, and is probably reflected
upon
the nerves of motion and sensation. The tendency of the med-
icine to affect chiefly the mucous surfaces, was manifested by nausea
and retching; its action on the nervous system by the sense of de-
pression and prostration; and on the muscular by excessive and long
continued uterine contractions. These tendencies have been continued
through the whole course of treatment. The effects upon the mucous
surface and the muscular tissues are certainly strikingly manifest;
which of them most so, it is difficult to determine.—(Toothacher.)
Fever. -Flashes of heat, slightly accelerated pulse, frequent
sweats.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In certain gastric or gastro-enteric
fevers, especially in women and children, the dilutions will undoubt-
edly prove curative. A weak infusion is considered by "botanics” an
excellent diaphoretic drink in some fevers.
Head. — Pains in the head, a dull, heavy feeling; excessive pains
522
NEW REMEDIES.
in the head; sore pain in the left temporal region, near the temporal
ridge, like the soreness following a cut or wound.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Suitable perhaps in some of the head-
aches of women suffering from uterine diseases, during pregnancy, or
from gastric irritation.
Eyes.-Loss of vision, everything turns black.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This symptom was consequent on the
prostration following the shock sustained by the nervous system, and
not from any diseased condition of the eye or brain.
Nose.-Epistaxis.
bad taste in the mouth; tongue
every thing tastes insipid.
Mouth.-Dryness of the mouth;
covered with a very thin, white coat;
Stomach.—Nausea; heaviness or retching; straining to vomit;
drawing down pains from the stomach to the uterus and back; every
thing taken into he stomach causes pain; soreness and sensitiveness
in the region of the stomach; food offensive. Flatulence, and belch-
ing of wind from the stomach; sense of something rising up from
the stomach, or as if the stomach would come up into the mouth.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is much used in domestic practice
and by botanic physicians for nausea and vomiting, pain or spasm in
the stomach, collecting of gas in the stomach, etc., to all of which it
is very decidedly homoeopathic. The oil is homoeopathic to severe
gastritis. The last symptom would indicate it in hysteria.
Abdomen.—Bearing down pains in the lower abdomen, extending
from the epigastrium and back; periodical pain; drawing down
especially from the upper sacral spine; soreness and sensitiveness to
pressure in the abdomen; distention of the abdomen; borborygmus;
flatulence; obstinate constipation; no passage for nearly two weeks.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—The first four symptoms referred to the
abdomen, appear to be really uterine. The fourth, however, might be
referred to both uterus and intestines. There was evidently enter-
itis, but it is doubtful whether it was mucous enteritis, for the latter is
generally attended with dysenteric stools or diarrhoea.
If the mus-
cular or peritoneal coats are inflamed, then we have constipation.
There is also constipation when the inflammation involves the whole
thickness of the bowels, in which case it is extremely obstinate. This
is the condition which the oil seems to have caused in this case of
poisoning. We may find in this medicine a valuable remedy in
that severe disease.
It is a popular and useful remedy, in small doses, for colic-like
pains from colds, diarrhoea, and when given with cathartics, is
known to prevent much of the griping consequent on their action.
It will probably prove useful in those conditions of the bowels which
occur during typhoid fevers, for which Turpentine and Phosphorus
are indicated.
}
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES.
523*
Urinary Organs.-Suppression of urine; tenesmus; painful uri-
nation; scanty urination, with frequent and urging desire. Cutting,
burning pains in the urethra, or at the sphincter urinarius; sense of
weight when passing water; urine very dark, like black tea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems to have caused inflammation
of the kidneys and bladder, in fact the whole urinary apparatus.
Such inflammatory conditions usually attend metritis and ovaritis.
The last symptom-"very dark urine, like black tea,"-indicates that
blood was present in the urine. Such urine is very common after scar-
latina, and indicates serious disease of the kidneys. It may prove
useful in urethritis, gonorrhoea, gleet and orchitis.
Genital Organs.-Excessive bearing down pains, with pressure
outward from the whole lower abdomen to the utero-vaginal region;
drawing down from the upper sacral spine to the uterus, also from the
epigastrium; these pains periodical like true labor pains, and almost
unendurable, greatly aggravated by movement, and attended by a
sense of weakness or paralysis in the limbs; leucorrhoea itching and
burning; discharge yellow, excoriating; soreness; excessive sensi-
tiveness to pressure over both ovaries.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-These symptoms are very important,
and would seem to indicate that we have in this medicine an analogue
of Sabina, Secale and Turpentine, and one destined to be of great
value in diseases of the organs of generation.
The American plant appears to resemble somewhat its European
relative. Old Culpepper says of the latter, "being drunk with wine
it provoketh the courses, and expelleth the dead child and after-
birth." In this country, the former is one of the most popular domes-
tic emmenagogues in use, except, perhaps, the Polygonum hydropiper
and Tanacetum. Eclectic writers say of it-"The warm infusion
used freely will promote perspiration, restore suppressed lochia, and
excite the menstrual discharge when recently checked; it is often
used by females for this last purpose-a large draught being taken at
bedtime, the feet having been previously bathed in warm water.
gill of brewer's yeast added to the draft, is reputed a safe and certain
abortive.”(!)—(King)
A
"In those cases of amennorrhoea in which it is evident that uterine
torpor exists, caused by sudden exposure to cold or by getting the
feet wet, the free use of a strong infusion of Pennyroyal will prove
an efficient remedy. It is also used in chronic forms of the disease,
it being taken several days prior to the proper period of menstrua-
tion. To produce the lochial discharge after it has been suppressed,
we know of no better agent; in these cases we invariably resort to
the infusion of the Pennyroyal, directing it to be taken freely."
(Scudder.)
I have known it to be used successfully in the above conditions.
If it is more efficient when taken in infusion the conscientious hom-
œopath will not hesitate to use it in that form; or one dram of the
524
NEW REMEDIES
mother tincture or first dilution of the oil may be mixed with one
pint of hot water, and given to the patient in table-spoonful doses.
every fifteen or twenty minutes. As the oil is volatile, these prepa-
rations should be used immediately and kept from evaporation. If
an objection is made to this plan as not being in strict accordance
with the traditions of our school, the physicians may administer the
tincture or dilutions in drop doses, or diluted in water in the usual
manner, at the same time advise the woman to drink of some warm
beverage of a simple non-medicinal character.
In the case of poisoning above reported, the Oil of Pennyroyal
appeared to cause severe functional disorder of all the
organs of gen-
eration. We have quite a clear picture of metritis, involving per-
haps the whole substance of the uterus. The muscular, mucous and
peritoneal coats were probably all involved in the general irritation.
The ovaries were also highly irritated, if not actually suffering from
acute inflammation. Not only is the Hedeoma homoeopathic to the
above conditions, but to others almost as important, namely: Spasms
of the uterus; congestion of the uterus and ovaries; hyperæsthesia
of the ovaries; false labor pains; uterine myalgia; leucorrhoea from
vaginitis, and finally, abortion.
It will prove a useful remedy in threatened abortion, when at-
tended by the symptoms recorded, before hemorrhage has appeared;
even then it might arrest the progress of the accident.
"It is to be remarked that the virtues of Pennyroyal as an emmen-
agogue, if indeed it possesses any such virtue, were not at all mani-
fest in this case. It is probable that its reputation for restoring the
menstrual discharge has arisen from its influence over uterine and
vaginal catarrh. If it has ever produced abortion it must have been
in some weak, cachectic individual, who could not endure the uterine
contractions it no doubt has a tendency to create.
""
It may also be worth our while to remark how perfectly ignorant
are the old school physicians of the action of a remedy they have been
using for hundreds of years."-(Toothacher.)
I believe this remedy to have a more important action on genera-
tive organs, than Dr. T. assigns to it. In certain cases it may prove
useful in amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia, especially
when occurring in hysterical women, subject to intestinal and urinary
irritation.
Some of the symptoms seem to indicate that, like Secale and Cau-
lophyllum, it affects the lower portion of the spinal cord. It may act
partly in this way upon the uterus, and prove homoeopathic to reflex
paraplegia, from uterine or renal disease.
Throat.-Choking sensations, as if something were rising up in
the throat.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This symptom may have been of a ner-
vous origin, and hysterical; or consequent on the irritation of the
mucous membrane of the oesophagus.
Chest and Thorax.-Frequent and periodical dyspnoea and
oppression of the thorax. Difficulty in breathing; respiration irregu
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES.
525
lar, labored, asthmatic. Shortness of breath; sense of rising up, as
if the stomach and the whole of the contents of the thoracic cavity
would press its way to the mouth.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The chest symptoms appear to have
been reflex in their character, due to uterine irritation. Eclectic
physicians, however, assert that it is used with advantage in hooping
cough, asthma, etc. The sensation of "rising up" is familiar to every
physician as a common hysterical symptom. It resembles hysterical
asthma, or spasms of the chest, to which nervous women, with uterine
disorders, are subject. This symptom is often due to large quantities
of gas in the stomach and intestines. Hedeoma causes this condi-
tion, with tympanitis, and ought to prove a specific for the "intestinal
spasms" of children, which occur during the course of an infantile
enteritis.
Back and Loins.-Excessive pain in the back; pains in the sac-
rum, especially at the upper sacral vertebra, with pressing downwards
towards the uterus.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It should prove useful to pain in the
back, from renal or uterine diseases, or from the grave condition
which precedes paralysis of the lower limbs, of a reflex origin.
Extremities.-Paralytic weakness in all of the limbs; stiffness
and weakness of the joints, with soreness, felt mostly in the knees.
and elbows; soreness of all parts of the body; swelling of the calves
of the legs; pains, laming aching, rheumatic pains in the limbs; stiff-
ness of the knees. If she sits down she can hardiy get up. Numb-
ness of the feet, no feeling in them.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—The oil is said to be useful in rheuma-
tism, when applied externally. But it is probably myalgia, and not
rheumatism to which it is homoeopathic. Most of the symptoms of
the extremities belong to myalgic affections, or on the presence of
paralytic conditions.
HELONIAS DIOICA.
(False Unicorn.)
ANALOGUES.-Aletris farinosa, Chelone glabra, Cornus florida,
China, Frasera, Ferrum, Hydrastis, Nitrate of Uranium, (?)
Phosphoric acid, Senecio, Sepia.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is known to botanists, at
present, as the Chamalirium luteum. (Willdenow, Gray.) It is the
Veratrum luteum of Linnæus, the Melanthium dioiceum of Walter,
and Helonias dioica of Pursh. It is also known by the common
names of Devil's bit, Starwort, etc. The same popular names are
applied to the Aletris farinosa.
It is a herbaceous perennial, with a large somewhat bulbous, pre-
morse root, from which arises a simple, very smooth, somewhat angu-
lar, stem or scape, one or two feet in height. The cauline leaves are
lanceolate, acute, small, and at some distance from each other, without
petioles; the radical leaves are broader, being from four to eight
inches in length, by half an inch to an inch in width, narrow at the
base, and formed into a sort of whorl at the base of the scape. The
flowers are small, very numerous, greenish-white, and are disposed in
long, terminal, spicate, nodding, dioecious racemes, resembling a
plume and which are more slender and weak on the barren plants.
Male flowers, with white, linear-spatulate, obtuse, one nerved
petals; stamens rather longer than the petals. Female flowers, the
raceme is generally few flowered, becoming erect; petals linear; sta-
mens very short, abortive; ovary ovate, sub-triangular, with the sides
deeply furrowed; stigmas three, spreading or reflexed. Capsule
ovate oblong, tapering to the base, three-furrowed, opening at the
summit Seeds many in each cell, acute compressed.—(Gray.)
HISTORY AND PHARMACEUTICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This plant is in-
digenous to the United States, and is abundant in some of the West-
ern States, growing in woodlands, meadows and moist situations, and
flowering in June and July. It is also found in low grounds from
Canada to Georgia and Louisiana. It is sometimes mistaken for Aletris
farinosa, but may be identified by the leaves of the Aletris being
sharply pointed, with a straight, slender spike of scattered flowers,
while the Helonias is not so sharply lance-shaped in its leaves, and
has a thick, plumose, dioical spike. The root is the officinal part; it
is tapering fibrous, about an inch and a quarter in length, and from
two to six-eighths of an inch in diameter, very hard, transversely
wrinkled, and abrupt or premorse at the end, appearing as though it
had been bitten or cut off. There has been and still exists much dif-
ficulty among druggists and herb-gatherers in determining the differ-
ence between the roots of the Aletris farinosa and Helonias dioica
HELONIAS DIOICA.
527
it has often been the case that these roots have been indiscriminately
bought and sold.
•
"The specimens of Helonias dioica which I have now" before
me are from half an inch to two inches in length, and from four to
six or eight lines in diameter, mostly premorse, but occasionally some-
what pointed, with many small, yellowish-white and thread-like
fibres, from half an inch to two or three inches in length. Ex-
ternally they are a dark brown color, transversely wrinkled, rough
and uneven, with anular prominences, which often have the
appearance as if a small root had been driven in the end of a larger
one, and grew there. There are also many small openings, cups,
pores, or raised cells through which pass the fibres, and which will
always be seen at the base of each fibre, upon carefully removing it
from the root; attached to the upper part of the root will frequently
be seen the remains of the scape and radical leaves. Internally, on
cutting them transversely, a whitish, tough, circular centre is pre-
sented, which is surrounded by a smooth substance of a similar or
darker color, and near the margin of which may be observed, at a
short distance from each other, dark spots or openings, which appear
to be continuations of the fibres, or of the canal through which they
pass. A longitudinal section exhibits a rough, whitish centre, one or
two lines in diameter, passing through the root, on each side of which
is the smooth substance above referred to, with few or none of the
dark spots. The roots have a faint, peculiar and pleasant odor when
bruised, and a peculiar bitter, somewhat aloetic taste, not so powerful
in the dried root as in the fresh. So far as I can recollect, the root
of the Aletris seldom exceeds an inch in length, is not premorse, has
a brittle, scaly appearance, is blackish outside, brownish inside, and
although having many fibres, the most of them pass from the upper
and lateral portions of the root."-(King's Dispensatory.)
•
The Helonias is rapidly becoming a rare plant, and it is feared
that unless it is cultivated it will soon become extinct. Even now it
is difficult to procure any of the root from the shops. Its adulteration
has become quite common, as the high price of the article is a strong
temptation. I am informed that the tincture is now worth, at whole-
sale, $5 per pound, and the Helonin is held at $5a6 an ounce.
It
is to be hoped that the cultivation will be commenced, before we
lose entirely this valuable and peculiar remedy.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the root; dilutions; trit-
urations of the root; and of the active principle Helonin.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The early medical history of this plant is so
mixed up with that of the Aletris farinosa that it is difficult to sepa-
rate it from the latter.
Rafinesque merely mentions it, but does not say anything concern-
ing its medicinal powers. Of the Helonias bullata, he says, "A
decoction of the peeled root is used in New Jersey for the bellyache,
colic, etc."
Howard* says it is "highly celebrated as a general strengthener of
* Botanic Materia Medica, (1836) p. 233.
528
NEW REMEDIES.
the system.
* It relieves colic, jaundice, strangury and rheu-
matism. It also has a powerful tendency to prevent abortion. By
some it is highly valued in suppressed menstruation. It is also an
excellent remedy for coughs, consumptions, and all complaints of the
lungs, promoting expectoration. The constant use of it, however,
sometimes makes the mouth sore, when it must be laid by and some
other expectorant used until the mouth gets well.” This last obser-
vation of its pathogenetic effects is not mentioned by any other
writer except Dr Payne.
Griffith* merely mentions it as a "bitter tonic."
Kingt writes. "The Helonias is tonic, diuretic and vermifuge,
in large doses emetic, and when fresh, sialogogue. In doses of ten
or fifteen grains of the powdered root, repeated three or four times a
day, it has been found very beneficial in dyspepsia, loss of appetite
and for the removal of worms. It is reputed beneficial in colic, and
atony of the generative organs. In uterine diseases it is held to be
invaluable, acting as a uterine tonic, and gradually removing abnor-
mal conditions, while at the same time it imparts tone and vigor to
the reproductive organs. Hence it is much used in leucorrhoea,
amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and to remove the tendency to repeated
and successive miscarriages. The plant is said to kill cattle feeding
upon it, and the decoction to kill insects, bugs and lice.”
Scudderf attributes to the Helonias about the same medicinal
qualities, but adds that it has been used "as a remedy in low grades
of fever, as a stimulant, with success.
Coe, Hollembaek, and other eclectic writers repeat the recommen-
dations of the above authors. Allopathic authors do not mention this
plant. Helonias was first mentioned in homoeopathic literature by
myself, in an article on New Remedies, which appeared in 1860 or
61, in the North American Journal of Homœopathy. Shortly after-
wards a fragmentary proving was made by Dr. C. H. Burr, of Port-
land, Maine, which was incorporated in the first edition of this work.
No other proving has since appeared.
We have based the therapeutic indications for the use of this rem-
edy mainly upon the clinical experience of those physicians who have
made extensive use of the plant. In the absence of a thorough prov-
ing of any plant this method must be adopted until we can obtain
satisfactory provings. In the meautime we may be able to collect a
large amount of clinical experience of our own, which will be useful
to us. Such clinical experience, although based on empirical data,
will prove the truth of the law of similia, for we may always feel con-
fident that a medicine which will cure a given group of symptoms,
will cause similar ones in healthy persons. We therefore look upon
curative effects as indications of pathogenetic effects.
We have but
This I
a meagre proving of Helonias, and that only on the male.
regret very much, for its action on the organism of women is notable
and peculiar. I shall be able to present to the profession, however,
* Medical Botany.
+ Eclectic Dispensatory.
Eclectic Materia Medica.
HELONIAS DIOICA.
529
some suggestive clinical facts, which will throw some light upon its
remedial action. The following symptoms are obtained from a
fragmentary proving sent me by Dr. C. H. Burr, and some of its
toxical effects related by Dr. Paine, (eclectic.) which are of great
value to the physician who wishes to investigate this medicine:;
PROVINGS.
Dr. Paine (eclectic) gives the following pathogenetic effects of the
Helonin :
"When taken in doses from five to fifteen grains, it acts as an
emeto-cathartic, producing a griping, burning sensation in the epigas-
trium, and great activity of the salivary glands. Indeed, I have
known the most perfect salivation to follow the use of large doses of
Helonin. In doses of from one to five grains, it produces an irrita
bility of the stomach, and slight purging with a burning sensation
in the bowels, irritation of the urethra, pain in the kidneys, which is
fellowed by albuminaria, indicating congestion, and large discharges,
of urine, with slightly increased specific gravity."
It is to be regretted that such vague, general terms were used in
the above. Had the symptoms been more minutely described, the
observations would have been much more valuable.
DR. BURR'S PROVING.
The preparation I used in this proving was a solution of
thirty grains of Helonin dissolved in one ounce of alcohol, diluted
with half an ounce of water. It was thought best to commence with
small doses, and increase hourly, until decided symptoms were pro-
duced, and October 15th, in accordance with this idea, two drops were
taken at 10 a. M., four gtt. at 11, eight gtt. at 12 m. Soon after tak-
ing each dose, sensations of pain, tightness and pressure were felt in
the stomach, which was partially relieved by the eructation of taste-
less gas. At 1 P. M., twelve gtt. were taken; at 2, sixteen gtt.; at 8,
fifty gtt. Slight pain was now felt through the temples, together with
a feeling of fullness in the head and vertigo. At 10 P. M., took
fifty gtt.
October 16.-The symptoms produced yesterday were not of a
decided character. Took at 7 A. M., forty gtt.; at 9, fifty gtt.; at 11,
sixty gtt.; at 12, sixty gtt. Still but little effect is produced, and I
should be unconscious of being under the influence of any remedy,
were it not an unusual degree of languor, and a feeling of weariness
and weight in the region of the kidneys. At 2 P. M., sixty-eight gtt;
at 3, sixty gtt. At this stage of the proving the alcoholic preparation
was put aside and an aqueous one substituted; Helonin, twenty grs.,
34
530
NEW REMEDIES,
water, one ounce; of this forty drops were taken at 4 P. м, at 7, fifty
drops. The symptoms mentioned as occurring in the head are more
decided; the sense of fullness increases, and there is a sense of pres.
sure from within up to the vertex; the latter feeling is aggravated
by looking steadily at any fixed point; the kidneys have been some-
what stimulated, and a larger amount than usual of clear, light col-
ored urine has been voided during the past twelve hours; the pulse
ranges at eighty-four, full and a little irregular. At 9, P. M., took
sixty drops; no new symptoms.
October 18th-None taken on the 17th, till evening, when at 7, half
a dram was taken; at 9 half a dram, at twelve half a dram. In the
afternoon and evening, there was a great deal of weariness, and feel-
ing of weight in the region of the kidneys, and with much more gen-
eral fatigue than usual; mind dull and inactive.
half a
October 19th.-Took at 8 A. M., half a dram; at 12 M.,
dram; pain in the vertex; the pain in the head is increased by
stooping, and attended by increased vertigo; sharp, spasmodic pain
in the back, running to the crest of the left ilium. At 5 P. M., took
half a dram. Have awakened every morning since the proving was
commenced, at 5 o'clock, an unusual hour, with tongue and fauces
dry, and a bitter, disagreeable taste in the mouth.
The symptoms
during the day have been more marked, and principally confined to
the head and back; appetite has not been as usual.
Soon after taking this
October 21st.-Took at 12 M., one dram.
dose felt a cramp-like pain in the stomach. At 8 P. M., took one dram;
severe rheumatic pains in the right hip joint, worse during motion;
pain in the forehead, as if a band about an inch wide was drawn
across from temple to temple; pain and feeling of lameness in the
whole back, and dryness and bitter taste in the mouth.
October 22.-Took at 9 A. M., one dram; at 12 M., one dram.
Last evening was engaged in singing until 8 o'clock, at which time
I took a dram. Previous to taking the remedy, I never felt better,
more cheerful or in better spirits. Soon after taking it there was an
entire change in the surrounding circumstances; I very soon became
dull, gloomy and irritable; could not endure the least contradiction,
or receive any suggestions in regard to any subject; all conversation
was unpleasant, and what I most desired was to be left alone, reserv-
ing to myself the privilege of finding fault with everything around
me. I consider that this moral condition was not accidental, but
purely a pathological state, produced and kept up by the action of the
medicine. Previous to the 22d, this state assumed an intermittent
HELONIAS DIOICA.
531
form, but after that date, it was unchanged for several days, and was
one of the most constant and marked effects.
October 26th.-No medicine has been taken since the 22d. Pain
in the lumbar regin, about the upper part of the sacrum and pelvis.
These pains during the last twenty-four hours have been more con-
stant and severe than at any other time; the pain in the back seems
more troublesome at night than during the day.
DR. E. CLARK'S FRAGMENTARY PROVING.
"Pain in the lower part of the back, through to the uterus, like
inflammation, piercing, drawing; breasts swollen, nipples tender, and
will not bear the pressure of even an ordinary dress; nipples very
sensitive and painful; great uterine hemorrhage came during the
proving, and continued until the medicine was discontinued."
Above symptoms observed by Dr. Clark in several cases.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-An unnatural degree of languor, and a
feeling of weariness and weight in the region of the kidneys; gen-
eral weariness.-Burr.
"Decided increase in muscular power which continued as long as
the remedy was taken." (In large doses.)-Dr. Close.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This medicine is a peculiar and power-
ful "tonic," or, as Headland would have it, "restorative." It is con
sidered particularly indicated when the disease has proceeded, (1)
from diseases of the generative organs, (2) or from functional disor-
ders of the stomach; hence it is considered valuable in anæmia and
chlorosis, in alternation with Ferrum; and in dyspepsia, in alterna-
tion with Nux vomica if indicated. It does not belong to the China
group, because it has no anti-periodic powers; nor does it cause a
hyper-stimulation of the nervous and vascular systems like that pow-
erful drug. Neither does it have much more affinity for the Nux
vomica group, for it does not irritate the spinal system.
It is more
allied to the phosphates of Iron* than any other article of the Materia
Medica, while at the same time it has some points of resemblance to
the members of both groups above referred to.
China and Nux vom-
ica, together with their analogues, cause a condition which may be
described as increased tonicity of muscular fibre. China brings
about this condition through its influence upon the processes by which
the blood is formed; it probably tends to augment the quantity of
that fluid, and to render it richer. Thus, by its own operation upon
the nutrition of the heart, and through the agency of the enriched
blood, it gives greater energy to the contractions of that organ; and
hence, the fuller and stronger pulse, not unfrequently resulting from
its moderate use.
But in anæmia, chlorosis and some other conditions
*I allude to the pyro and hypo-phosphates of Ferrum.
532
NEW REMEDIES.
Nux
of the system, China will not improve, apparently, the condition of
the blood, or at least the tissues do not respond to the stimulus of the
improved blood. Then it is that Ferrum, or Nux vomica, given alter-
nately with it, will place the dieased tissues in a condition to be ben-
fitted by the circulating fluid, and a cure is soon effected.
vomica increases the tonicity of tissues, mainly through its influence
upon the spinal system. It is a spinal stimulant, and nearly all its
therapeutic effects arise from this action. In a great many cases of
atony of any organ or tissue of the body, this medicine will, alone,
effect prompt and permanent cures ; but like China, it will sometimes
fail, unless superseded or assisted by the action of China or Ferrum,
There are also other instances wherein China, or Ferrum and Nux
vomica will fail to improve the abnormal conditions for which they
seem indicated, and the Helonias will here come in play and be found
very useful. Helonias enriches the blood, through its influence upon
the nutritive processes; not as Iron does, for Iron is a metallic sub-
stance and a vegetable substance cannot act in the same manner.
But Helonias does not act like China or Quinine, for the latter stimu-
lates by its direct, primary action, while the former does not.
Helonias has also an affinity for a group of remedies, among which
stands prominently Terebinthina, Copaiva, Cantharis, Erigeron, Phyto-
lacca, Mercurius, Mitchella, etc. The point of analogy is its action
on the urinary organs, causing by hyper-stimulation, congestive albu-
minaria and chronic irritation. In this respect it differs from the
others of its analogues.
Glandular System. The specific action of Helonias on this sys-
tem is undoubted. We find that it causes excessive irritation of the
salivary glands; excites the glandular system of the stomach, increas
ing its power of digesting and assimilating food; irritates the kidneys:
to the extent of causing diabetes and albuminaria, and its action, on
the genital organs of both sexes indicates that it acts not alone on
the muscular structure, but increase the action of the ovaries, testicles:
and glandular structure of the cervix uteri and vagina. It will prob-.
ably be found to act on other glands, as the prostate, inguinal,.
mammary, pancreas, etc.
Mental Symptoms.-The mind is dull and inactive. The previous
cheerful state was followed by dullness and gloominess; irritable;
could not endure the least contradiction, or receive any suggestions in.
relation to any subject; all conversation was unpleasant; desire to,
be left alone; he desires to find fault with every one around him..
(Puls.)-(This state of mind lasted several days-see proving.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-One cannot help being struck by the..
similarity of the above symptoms, to those mental states common to.
diseases of the genital organs in both sexes, particularly in women,.
Such symptoms are quite common to uterine disorders, and to un
healthy pregnancies. In disorders of digestion we also meet with a
HELONIAS DIOICA.
533
similar group of symptoms. I consider such symptoms to be an
excellent guide in default of other pathogenetic ones, to the selection
of Helonias in uterine and gastric disorders.
Cerebral Symptoms.-Slight pain through the temples, with a
feeling of fullness in the head, and vertigo; a feeling of pressure
from within upwards to the vertex, aggravated by looking steadily at
any fixed point; pain in the occiput, with pulsative pain in the vertex
-increased by stooping, attended by vertigo; pain in the forehead,
as if a band about an inch wide were drawn across from temple.-
(Iodine, Mercury, Stannum, Nitric acid.)
Great activity of the salivary glands.
"I have known perfect
salivation follow the use of large doses of Helonin.—Paine.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It ought to prove useful in the saliva-
tion of pregnant women, teething children; also in stomatititis ma-
terna, with irritation of the salivary glands, It might be tried in
mercurial ptyalism.
Gastric, etc.—Wakes every morning at 5 o'clock, (an unusual
hour,) with the lips, tongue and fauces dry, and a bitter taste in the
mouth; appetite not as good as usual. Soon after taking each dose
sensations of pain, tightness and pressure felt in the stomach, which
was partially relieved by the eructation of tasteless gas; cramp-like
pain in the stomach; motion and rumbling in the intestines, as if
diarrhoea would come on. (Burr.) "In Ohio, and many of the Western
States, it is in very general use as a common emetic, operating with
great certainty, but with more activity than Ipecac. or Eupatorium
purpureum.”—(Lee.)
Vomiting and purging with a griping and burning sensation in
the epigastrium. (From five to fifteen grs. of Helonin.) Slight diar-
rhoea, with a burning sensation in the bowels and irritability of the
stomach. (From one to five grains.)-Paine.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Coe says the "Helonin will be tol-
erated by the stomach when other tonics are rejected. It invigorates
the appetite, promotes digestion and depurition, and so improves the
quality and increases the quantity of the blood.
In this way
the
foundation for a cure is laid, by improving the tone in the entire sys-
tem." A thorough proving would doubtless snow that this medicine
produces a long train of symptoms, beginning in hyper-stimulation
and ending in atony. I have found it very useful both in idiopathic
diseases of the stomach and especially in those sympathetic gastric dis-
orders, which accompany uterine and renal diseases. Loss of appetite,
eructations, fullness, cramp and painful congestion, with lowness of
spirits, are the chief indications for its employment.
Dr. Close* reports the case of a woman with general dropsy:
* Tilden's Journal of Materia Medica, Vol. II, page 297.
}
534
NEW REMEDIES.
"Her stomach was in a very irritable condition, rejecting her food
and medicines. After giving Helonias, fluid extract, I remained and
watched its effects with no little solicitude, expecting it would be
likewise rejected; but instead, I had the satisfaction of seeing it re-
tained, and in a little time she became less restless, the moaning
noise which she had been accustomed to make almost constantly,
ceased, and at the end of half an hour after it was given she fell
asleep; the pulse became decidedly softer, and slower, than it had
been for a long time- When she awoke there was a decided increase
of muscular power." (Dose of the fluid extract, one to three drams,
according to Tilden. Dr. C. probably gave as much.)
In dyspepsia, etc., I have generally used the lower dilutions and
triturations.
Urinary Organs.-Kidneys somewhat stimulated, and a larger
amount than usual, of clear, light-colored urine has been, voided.—
(Burr.)
Irritation of the urethra; pain in the kidneys, congestion of the
kidneys, albumen is present in the urine, and the specific gravity is
increased.-Paine,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr, Burr's symptoms indicated that it
caused congestion of the kidneys; but Dr. Paines observations leave
us in no doubt as to its specific relation to these organs. This latter
physician acknowledges the truth of the homoeopathic law by giving
the medicine in Bright's disease.
Dr. Paine says:
In medicinal doses of from one half to one grain, it appears to
exert its powers principally over the kidneys, bladder, uterus, urethra,
uterus and vagina."
The one fact of its causing albuminuria, is of immense value as
a pathogenetic and pathological symptom. In this respect it is an
analogue of Mercurius, Kali hyd., Kali nit., Eupatorium pur., Copaiva
Terebinthina, Cantharis, etc.
It is deemed to be a diuretic by medical writers: "In the treat.
ment of the various forms of dropsy, the Helonin has proved of
remarkable utility. It operates in a general manner, and is seem-
ingly a powerful resolvent. The only manner in which it proves
evacuant, is in some cases as a diuretic-except when given in over
doses, when it is an emetic."-(Coe.)
There are few forms of dropsy which are not due to an asthenic
state of the system, or which do not bring on this condition during
their course. Therefore, not only do we need to use in dropsy, such
remedies as Apis, Apocynum, Colchicum, which act specifically upon
the kidneys, but possess no tonic power, but we are obliged to resort
to such medicines as China, Arsenicum, Phosphoric acid, etc. Indeed,
these latter medicines alone have cured many cases of general dropsy
by their influence over the general system. The Helonias will be
found valuable to the homoeopathist in that class of cases when there
is anasarca, with general debility, albuminaria and an atonic condition
of the generative organs, such as chlorosis, amenorrhoea, dropsy from
uterine hemorrhage, etc,
HELONIAS DIOICA.
535
Dr. Rogers, of Coldwater, Michigan, reports the following illus-
trations of the uses of Helonin in urinary difficulties:
Case 1st.-Mr. G. had been ill for six weeks. When first at-
tacked he was in good health. The first symptoms were frequent
and urgent desire to urinate. After a week or so, the amount of urine
became very great and perfectly limpid. This condition continued
five weeks, with increasing emaciation and debility. He had been
under allopathic treatment during that time. When I first saw him
his symptoms were great emaciation and debility; unable to walk
but a few rods at a time; complete loss of appetite; pale, chlorotic
skin; tongue red at the tip and edges, white in the centre; morning
headache in the occiput; unless he took some acid with his animal
food, it was vomited immediately; bowels regular and normal. He
had a constant aching, and extreme tenderness in the region of the
kidneys, especially the right; also some tenderness in the region of
the bladder. When urinating, intense, cutting, tearing pain in the
urethra. Very frequent desire to urinate, every fifteen or twenty
minutes during the day, not so often at night. The urine was very
limpid when first voided, but deposited after a time, a lead colored,
flocky sediment, adhering to the vessel. The amount of urine reached
nearly three quarts a day. Suspecting that a portion of the symp-
toms were medicinal aggravations from some Copaiva he had taken, I
considered that Helonin met the general indications more nearly than
any other remedy. It was given in doses of two grains of the first
decimal trituration, every two hours. Two days afterwards all the
symptoms of urinary irritation were improved. Amount of urine
less; pulse stronger. At the end of six days he had improved rap-
idly. The urine was normal in quantity and quality; appetite re-
turned. In two weeks had commenced work again, and has had no
return since. During this time the medicine had been continued,
but at longer intervals.
Case 2d.-Mr. B., age fifty, complained of the following symp-
toms, which he had been troubled with occasionally for several years.
Pain in region of the kidneys; painful stiffness of the back, lum-
bar region; much burning, scalding pain when urinating. Frequent
and urgent desire to urinate, with emissions of large quantities of
red urine, how much more than normal I cannot state. Besides these
symptoms, there was present a condition of complete impotence, which
condition, he informed me, always accompanied the other symptoms.
Gave of a grain of Helonin, every two hours, for a day or two,
then not as often. In a few days all the abnormal symptoms disap-
peared. Sexual power was fully restored. He had no relapse for
several weeks, when, from getting the feet wet, the symptoms re-
turned, but were promptly removed by the same remedy."
0
It would seem in this case, that the remedy was homeopathic to
the strangury, a proving of the drug may demonstrate this.* The
most marked effect, however, was in removing the excessive emission
* NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION.-My prediction is fulfilled in Dr. Paine's observations.
536
NEW REMEDIES.
of urine and the impotence. I have cured several similar cases with
Mercurius sol., a few with Phosphoric acid, and one with Cannabis.
Dr. Paine (eclectic) gives the following interesting testimony
concerning the use of Helonin in urinary disorders, to which it is cer
tainly homoeopathic, as shown by his own experiments:
"The disease wihch is most promptly influenced by this remedy
is diabetes, for which it has been used extensively, and with most
happy effects. I have myself treated a large number of cases of dia-
betes with this drug, and have invariably found it to diminish the
quantity of saccharine matter in the urine in the course of a very
few days; and by the continued use of it, in combination with cod-
liver oil and Quinine, I have been most successful in curing many
bad cases of this affection.
A case recently came under my treatment, of a young man, aged
twenty-six, who had been troubled with diabetes for several years.
His urine had been analyzed by several of the best chemists in the
city, and large quantities of saccharine matter found. By allowing the
urine to evaporate in the sun, on glass, crystals of
sugar would appear
in a few moments, and the presence of sugar in the urine was detected
by all the ordinary chemical tests. I now commenced the treatment
of this case for the purpose of testing the specific power of the Hel-
onin in this affection. I gave him one half a grain of Helonin every
two hours during the day, for sixteen consecutive days. The quantity
of saccharine matter gradually disappeared, so that at the termination
of the sixteen days very small traces of the sugar could be detected
in the urine. His general health had been reduced by the disease,
and for the purpose of restoring it, I gave him Quinine and cod liver
oil, in the proportions of one grain of Quinine and one teaspoonful of
cod liver oil every three hours, for three days, when I again resorted to
the Helonin, and continued it for fourteen days, By this time all
traces of saccharine matter had disappeared. I then resorted again
to cod liver oil and Quinine for four or five days, then gave him small
doses of Helonin and Iron and a nutritious diet. By this and other
hygienic measures I succeeded in entirely curing the case in four
months.
Several other marked cases have been treated in a similar way,
and with the same results. Another disease which seems to be con-
trolled by this remedy, is granulated kidney, or Bright's disease, or
albuminuria.
A gentleman, about sixty-five years of age, who had been afflicted
with Brights disease for several years, and been treated by several
prominent old school physicians in this city, applied to me about two
years ago. I commenced the treatment by administering one-fourth
grain doses of Helonin, and one grain of Iron by Hydrogen, or the
Ferri reductum. Of this compound, I administered one dose every
two or three hours. I also applied an irritating plaster over the re-
gion of the kidneys, recommended an alkaline bath, nutritious diet
and out-door exercie. The patient improved rapidly for several
weeks, when he was seized with intermittent fever. I then omitted
the remedies and gave Quinine and Iron, together with Aconite, and
HELONIAS DIOICA.
537
such other remedies as are used to control the fever. Upon recover-
ing from this attack of fever, the albumen reappeared iu the urine in
large quantities, and by the use of the Helonin it soon diminished.
The Helonin, Chelonin, Iron and cod liver oil were then used in com-
bination and alternation, for five or six months, together with some
general tonics, which resulted in a permanent cure. I mention this
case, not because it is the only one treated by this agent, but it is a
marked case of degeneration of the kidneys in its worst form.
I have treated a large number of cases of albuminuria, following
scarlatina, and other exanthematous fevers, with Helonin, and have
found it to operate with almost uniform success.'
The value of the above clinical cases is somewhat injured by the
combination of Helonin with other medicines. It must be admitted,
however, that the Helonin seemed to be the principle curative
agent.
Generative Organs.-Pain in the lower part of the back, through
to the uterus, like inflammation, piercing, drawing; breasts swollen,
nipples tender, and will not bear the pressure of even an ordinary
dress; nipples very sensitive and painful; great uterine hemorrhage
came during the proving, and continued until the medicine was dis-
continued.
[The above pathogenetic symptoms were noticed by Dr. E.
Clark, of Portland, Me. He states that he has noticed the same train
of symptoms in six or eight cases. The medicine was given at the
first trituration. (Helonin.) These symptoms were received after the
following was written.]
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Helonias is one of those indigen-
ous medicines, which from the earliest days of medicine in this coun-
try, has had a peculiar reputation-first with the Aborigines, then
with the early white settlers, and finally with the medical profession
in the country-as being a remedy, even the remedy, for those disor-
ders generally termed "uterine," and which depended upon an atonic
condition of the organs of reproduction. I regret, exceedingly, that
I cannot present the profession with a proving upon the organism of
women. I have given it to healthy women, but never observed any
notable symptoms. Primarily, it always increases the tone, and phys-
iological activity of the generative organs. I therefore consider it
sccondarily homoeopathic to those conditions or diseases for which it
has been used so successfully, Were it not so, it could never have
been used successfully in the doses usually administered by the op-
posite school of practice. It would have produced aggravations, and
been by them considered contra-indicated. Before giving the clini-
cal experience of our own school, I will quote the opinions and clini-
eal remarks concerning the remedy, which I find in the records of
allopathic literature,
Prof. C. A. Lee* writes:
Numerous trials have satisfied us that
*Tilden's Journal of Materia Medica, Vol. II, p. 123.
538
NEW REMEDIES.
it has a specific action on the uterine organs-an alleviative, regulat-
ing influence over their functions. Hence, in amenorrhea, marked
by general atony, and an anæmic and torpid condition of the system,
this plant proves of great service; giving tone to the digestive organs,
favoring nutrition and sanguification, and promoting the secretions
generally. So, in leucorrhoa, associated with similar conditions of
the general system, it will be found equally serviceable. Its influ-
ence as a uterine tonic is also well marked in cases of atonic or pas-
sive menorrhagia. Here, by imparting tonicity to the muscular
fibres of the uterus, and by a stimulating power over the plexuses of
the organic nerves which supply the pelvic viscera, the exudation of
blood is checked, and the predisposing as well as the proximate cause
of the disease removed. If it has the power of obviating sterility
and impotence, as is alleged by some writers, it must be by a similar
mode of operation. It may be slightly aphrodisiac, but there are no
well attested facts bearing on that point. It is very probable, how-
ever, that it may, in common with Senecio and other uterine tonics,
produce such effects; but if it does, I have no proof of the fact, ex-
cept what may be drawn from analogy. It is very probable, also,
that in cases of dysmenorrhaa and liability to abortion, from atony
of the reproductive organs, it may prove highly advantageous by a
similar mode of action, just as we find in the case of Iron and other
tonics which improve the general health. But in addition to this, it
seems to be endowed to a considerable extent, with specific properties
and powers.
He says:
Dr. Coe* is very enthusiastic.
"No agent of the
Materia Medica better deserves the name of uterine tonic. The
remarkable success attending its administration in the diseases
peculiar to females, has rendered it an indispensable remedy to those
acquainted with its peculiar virtues. Like the Senecin, it is alike
appropriate in the treatment of diseases apparently calling for dissim-
ilar properties, as for instance, amenorrhea and menorrhagia. Its
alterative and tonic influence will account, in a measure, for its utility
in those complaints. In the treatment of amenorrhoea, it will be
found most beneficial in those cases arising from, or accompanied with
a disordered condition of the digestive apparatus, and an anæmic
habit. It has an especial influence on the organs of generation, inde-
pendent of its general constitutional influence. For this reason it has
proved of eminent value in the cure of prolapsus uteri, tendency to
miscarriage, and atony of the generative organs; sterility and impo-
tence have also been relieved and cured by this remedy.
"Certain writers have classed it as an aphrodisiac, and stated that
its continued use induces an abnormal desire for sexual indulgence.
Such a statement could only have been made in the absence of actual
knowledge, and as the legitimate fruit of a prurient imagination.
We have probably used the Helonin quite as extensively as any other
practitioner, and we must confess to a want of sufficient penetration
to discover any such results from its employment. The only aphro-
*Concentrated Organic Medicines.
HELONIAS DIOICA.
539
disiac we recognize, is the natural proclivity of a sensual mind. That
the Helonin is a special tonic to the organs of reproduction we are
well aware, but only to a normal and healthy extent. Did its action
extend further than this, it would be a disease-producing, and not a
disease-curing remedy. When a medicine so acts upon a diseased
organ as to restore it to a physiological condition, we very naturally
conclude that said organ will manifest the fact of its restoration by the
resumption of its functional activity. This is precisely the case
when the Helonin is employed. If administered for the cure of in-
digestion, the appetite improves, the food is digested, absorbed and
assimilated, and thus the curative action of the remedy is manifested.
If, on the other hand, the case be one of amenorrhoea, sterility, men-
orrhagia, or impotency, secretion is restored, tone imparted, and the
healthful flow of returning stimulus is manifested by the usual physi
cal signs. The sexual appetite is sequent and not the antecedent of
the restoration of the ability of the organs to perform the functions
assigned to them by nature.'
A portion of Dr. Coe's remarks, namely, that which relates to the
effects of curative doses of medicine, is in the main correct; but his
general statement contains one great, fundamental error, which has
ever been the glaring fault of allopathic therapeutics. He states-
that Helonin is is a special tonic to the organs of reproduction, but
only to a normal extent; did it extend beyond this, he remarks, it
would be a disease creating remedy. The old school of medicine has
always been wilfully blind to the truth, that all medicines may be
disease-producing. That a medicine is a 'special tonic' to any partic-
ular organ, is the strongest proof that it is capable, if long continued,
even in small doses, of causing disease in that organ. If, then, the
Helonias be given for uterine atony, and acts curatively, when that
organ has regained its tone, if the remedy be continued, it will urge
or elevate the physiological functions of that organ, and induce an ab-
normal condition, the result of hyper-stimulation. If Helonias is a
special tonic to the organs of reproduction, we do not doubt, that if
given to a healthy individual, it would cause an excess of sexual de-
sire, congestion of the uterus, ovaries, etc., and even amenorrhoea or
menorrhagia, dependent on active congestion; then, after a time, the
irritability of these organs would be worn out, and according to a
well-known physiological law, we shall have an exhausted or atonic-
condition of the tissues previously over-stimulated. The conditions.
and diseases enumerated by Dr. Coe, as within the curative range of
Helonias, are those which it would cause by its secondary action. It
is capable of producing an almost equal number by its primary action.
My theory of Dose accounts for the curative operation of the material
doses of the allopathic school; the curative action in the lower atten-
uations, is chiefly directed towards those atonic states which it causes
secondarily. But if given for its primary effects, it must be given in
the middle or higher attenuations, else we should get up injurious
medicinal aggravations.
Resume. The Helonias is primarily homoeopathic to the follow-
540
NEW REMEDIES.
ing diseases, when occurring in women of plethoric habit, strong
digestion, and great muscular power: Active congestion of the
uterus, causing, besides, the usual symptoms of that condition, rup-
pression of the menses (congestive amenorrhoea,); menorrhagia, from
active congestion; prolapsus, or retroversion from congestion; abor-
tion from undue afflux of blood to the uterus. The special symptoms
which would indicate in these diseases, can only be obtained by a
thorough proving. Helonias is secondarily indicated and has proved
eminently curative to diseases of the reproductive organs, occurring
in persons of a lax or anæmic habit, and in which there is a loss of
normal tone. As diseases of the same name may be caused by oppo-
site states, so the primary amenorrhoea of Helonias may be due to
congestion, while the secondary is due to lack of blood and normal
activity of the uterus, etc.
The clinical experience of our school with this remedy, is not
large, but quite successful. Dr. C. H. Burr, of Portland, Maine,
says:
"I have given it in many cases of prolapsus uteri with very
satisfactory results; also in cases of frequent and profuse menstrua-
tion, when the patients lose more blood than is manufactured in the
inter-menstrual period, with pain in the back, and frequent palpita-
tion of the heart; in such cases it will seldom disappoint those who
are thus disposed to use it."
Dr. Geo. S. Foster, of Meadville, Pa., reports to me the follow-
ing cases:
Case 1st.-" Mrs -, aged thirty two, had prolapsus uteri and
ulceration for nine years, up to the summer of 1862, with all the
symptoms incident thereto, All the physicians in town, during that
time, had been trying to cure her; the usual pessaries and cauteriza-
tion, and all they could do with no success. When I took the case
in hand in September, 1862, I gave her but little encouragement, as
you may suppose. I examined her, found ulceration of the neck of
the womb; constant, dark, badly smelling discharge, great irritation
of the vagina, so much so that a small sponge pessary could not be
retained; she had lost her "reckoning," the discharge being constant,
with flooding on lifting a bucket of water, or anything of weight;
countenance sallow, and such an expression as one would have from
the suffering she endured; could with difficulty walk up stairs, or
across the room; the least exertion would bring on flooding. I did
not keep an account of my prescriptions, but prescribed remedies for
symptoms present, namely, Nux vomica, Belladonna, Secale,
Sabina, etc. I replaced the womb repeatedly; the treatment was
very discouraging to myself; but symptoms would give way to the
remedies readily. About seven months ago, I procured the vaginal
syringe, and had her use it with water and tannin. About six months
ago, I replaced the womb for the last time, and did not prescribe
again for four or five months, when she called on me, informing me
that it had not been down since my last services, then five months;
but still she looked rather badly, and still a dark, ugly discharge, pain
in the small of the back, etc.
HELONIAS DIOICA.
541
December 19th.-Helonin, second decimal trit., three times a day
for two days.
December 21st.-Improving; twelve powders, about one grain,
three times a day.
December 25th.-Reports a marked improvement in general
health, the discharge had changed to a bright red-more like the
menstrual.
December 30th.-No discharge for five days; she could dance,
run up and down stairs; her cheeks have the bloom of health, and in
spirits she equals the youngest. So you may see what a few doses
of the Helonin have done; finished up the case in grand style, very
much to my own and her satisfaction,'
""
Case 2d.-"A young woman who has had two abortions at four
months; she was in her fourth month again, with all the symptoms of
again aborting. Left Secale; saw her again in a day or two; it was
then time for her courses, and I was fearful that would augment her
trouble; she was suffering the usual pain in such cases. I left her
Helonin, second decimal, and saw her in town yesterday; she had
no trouble since taking the last prescription. You may be able to
glean but little from the foregoing, but it still points to the Helonin
as sure to be the foremost in the rank of uterine remedies."
The following cases came under my own treatment, and I have
since used the Helonin in similar cases with good results.
Case 1st.—A woman, aged twenty-five, the mother of two children
and encicnte with the the third. The usual sumptoms of pregnancy
were not present, but in their stead, a peculiar prostration of the ner-
vous system obtained, She was anæmic-pulse small and feeble;
skin sallow and pale; digestion bad; no desire for any kind of food,
and all kinds of food caused distress and epigastric oppression. She
became emaciated, debilitated and very low spirited. There was also
constipation, and almost constant uterine distress and pain, of a pres-
sing down character, also leucorrhoea. China, Sepia, Pulsatilla, Fer-
rum, Nux and Ignatia were given, with but slight benefit.
a purely empirical data, I prescribed Helonias, five drops of the
mother tincture one hour before each meal. The effect was surpris-
ing. In a few days her appetite increased, all dyspeptic symptoms
disappeared, strength returned rapidly. The blood improved in rich-
ness, as was manifested by the returning color and healthy complex-
ion. The uterine disturbance ceased, and a normal pregnancy re-
sulted.
Upon
She
Case 2d.-A lady, aged 45, at the climacteric period, suffered
much from frequent and repeated floodings, profuse serous leucorrhoea
and dropsy. She had also much uterine and ovarian pain. Her com-
plexion was very sallow, unhealthy looking, earthly and pale.
had taken muriated tincture of iron from an allopath for some months,
but grew worse under its use. A report of the treatment of the
whole case would be of interest, but want of space prevents its nar-
ration. The floodings subsided under the use of Trillin, ; the
dropsy and ovarian pain was removed by Apis 2d, the uterine pain
was palliated by Sepia and Macrotin. But she still remained weak,
0
#542
NEW REMEDIES.
-emaciated and the complexion did not improve. Leptandrin 2d im-
proved it somewhat; the icterus had disappeared. Helonias 2d dec-
imal trituration, two grains every four hours, was then prescribed.
Under its use the nutritive functions rapidly recovered their tone,
strength and increased vitality returned, and in a few weeks she
felt quite well,
Back, etc.-A feeling of weariness and weight in the region of
the kidneys; sharp, spasmodic pain in the back, running to the crest
of the left ilium; severe rheumatic (?) pain in the right hip joint,
worse during motion; pain, and a feeling of lameness in the whole
back; pain in the lumbar region, about the upper part of the sacrum
and pelvis; The pains in the back are more troublesome during the
night. (See Generative organs.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Pains in the back, also lameness, stiff-
ness, etc., located in the sacra-lumbar region—a common symptom in
uterine disorders, and even in diseases of the male organs of genera-
ition. Helonias seems to cause these pains in quite a notable degree;
they often simulate rheumatic pains, and may be mistaken for them.
•
HEPATICA TRILOBA.
(Liverwort.)
ANALOGUES.-Calcarea carbonia,(?) Glycyrrhiza, Heper sulphur,(?)
Phosphorus, (?) Stannum, (?)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-The Hepatica Americana of De Can-
dolle is the Hepatica triloba of Willdenow. This is a perennial plant,
the root of which consists of numerous strong fibres. The leaves are
all radical, on long, hairy petioles, with three ovate, obtuse or rounded
entire lobes, smooth evergreen, coriaceous, cordate at base, the new
ones appearing later than the flowers,
The flowers appear almost as soon as the snow leaves the ground
in the Spring. They are single, generally blue, sometimes white and
flesh color, and are nodding at first, then erect, on hairy scapes three
or four inches long; by cultivation they become double; involucre
simple, composed of three entire, ovate, obtuse bractes, resembling a
calyx, situated a little below the flower. Calyx of two or three rows
of petaloid sepals; stamens awl-shaped, anthers elliptic, achenia ovate,
acute, 'awnless.
Hepatica acutiloba differs in having the leaves with three ovate
and pointed lobes, or sometimes five lobes; leaves of the involucre
⚫ or acutish.
HEPATICA TRILOBA.
543
HISTORY.-This has been viewed as the only species of this
genus, the difference observed as to color, form, etc., being looked
upon as fortuitous. De Candolle, however, divides it into two species.
as above described. These plants are common to the United States,
growing in the woods and upon elevated situations; the H. Ameri-
cana, which is the most common, being found, as Eaton states, on the
sides of the hills exposed to the north, the other on that facing the
south. They both bear white, blue or purplish flowers, which appear
late in March or early in April. The entire plant is employed. It
is odorless, and has a sub-astringent taste, and yields its virtues to
water. The name Liverwort, sometimes erroneously applied to it, be-
longs to the Cryptogam, Marchantia polymorpha, and others of the
same family.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the whole plant; dilutions,
and tincture-triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-According to Rafinesque, the plant is "scent-
less, insipid, not bitter, but a little astringent and mucilaginous. It
contains tannin, mucilage, extractive, etc. It is sub-tonic, sub-astrin-
gent, hepatic, deobstruent, pectoral and demulcent. It was known to
the ancients as a medical plant, and Linnæus has it in his Materia
Medica; but it has fallen into disuse, its properties being very mild.
It was formerly used in fevers, liver-complaints, indigestion, cachexy,
hypochondria and hernia. It has lately been brought into notice in
America for hæmoptysis and coughs, and has been used in Virginia
with benefit, in the form of a strong infusion drank cold. It may be
serviceable in hepatitis and hepatic phthisis, as well as all complaints
arising from dyspeptic and hypochondriac affections. It may be used
as a tea, warm or cold, and ad libitum, but it has no effect on the
lungs, beyond that of a mild demulcent-astringent."
Rafinesque was not much in advance of the venerable Dr. Culpep-
per, who thus quaintly enumerates the virtues of the Liverwort.*
"It is a singular good herb for all diseases of the liver, both to
cool and cleanse it, and is serviceabble in yellow jaundice. It is a
singular remedy to stay the spreading of tetters, ringworms, and
other fretting and running sores. * * An excellent remedy for
such whose livers are corrupted by surfeits, which causes the bodies
to break out, for it fortifies the liver exceedingly, and makes it im-
pregnable."
According to the doctrine of "signatures," which still lingered
among the mass of physicians, even in Culpepper's time, this plant
was considered a liver remedy because of a fancied resemblance
of its leaves to that organ. It is this resemblance which gave it its
popular and botanical name.
Dr. Tully considers this plant of little use in medicine, but he
was so partial to heroic medicines that he would be likely to overlook
the mild action of this. Dr. Mease informed Rafinesque that the
lleaves alone were useful, the roots and flowers inert. Dr. Lawrence
has seen some good effects from them. Physicians differ as to the
*Culpepper's English. Herbal, published in 1780.
544
NEW REMEDIES
effects of Hepatica; some consider it inert, while others deem it "de-
obstruent and diuretic."
Hollembaek copies Rafinesque word for word, without giving any
credit whatever. Thus do the physicians of the opposite schools go
on, century after century, repeating the words of their predecessors,
however untenable and unscientific may be their theories and deduc-
tions. The latest writer on Materia Medica knows no more about the
actual virtues of Hepatica, than did the ancients three centuries ago.
With but few exceptions, they make no careful clinical or physiologi-
cal experiments to test the real value of a medicine.
Nothing definite is known of the action of this plant in disease,
and nothing whatever of its effects upon the healthy organism. Allo-
paths, eclectics, id omne genus, tell their patients to drink an infusion
of Liverwort, ad libitum; but they do not stop to observe if any
effect results from such quantities. They advise the same of Hama-
melis, yet the homoeopathist, by careful observation, has ascertained
that not only is the latter drug valuable in diseased conditions of an
important nature, but it is capable of causing, in small doses even,
notable pathogenetic effects upon the healthy body. A thorough
proving of the Hepatica may show it to be a valuable remedial agent.
The first and only mention of the Hepatica in homoeopathic litera-
ture was by Dr. D. S. Kimball* in a paper entitled " Scraps from
practice." He writes:
"In 1831-31 I was troubled with haemoptysis, and a slight recur-
rence of it in 1836, leaving more or less chronic irritation of the
throat and lungs, and two or three years previously, as well as subse
quently, for a long time with dyspepsia. Three years ago, when suf-
fering in this way, I commenced using the Hepatica triloba, by chew-
ing a mouthful twice a day and swallowing the juice, and observed
the following symptoms to arise from it
"Eyes somewhat sensitive to light; itching and swelling, slightly
agglutinated in the morning.
Bloody mucus frequently blown from the left nostril, for three or
four days in succession, (after using it three days and continuing it.)
Soreness of the end of the nose at the entrance of the nostrils. Un-
commonly free and easy expectoration; the rough, scraping irritation
and tickling sensation in the throat and fauces disappears, as also the
sensation about the epiglottis and larynx as of of particles of food
remaining. The accustomed accumulation of phlegm, sometimes
thick, viscid and tenacious, inducing frequent hawking and disposi-
tion to hawk, disappear.
"The customary paroxysms of coughing, and somewhat abundant
expectoration, mostly daily, about midday, a portion of the expecto-
ration being opaque, yellowish, of the consistency of cream-the rest
* North American Journal of Homeopathy, Vol. VI, p. 525.
HEPATICA TRILOBA.
5.15
frothy and mucus-disappears. Apparently, a much better state of
the throat and lungs is induced from its use-much stronger gener-
ally, as well as locally, and the irritation of the throat and lungs
mostly gone. Digestion apparently more perfect, and a cessation of
most of the remaining dyspeptic symptoms."
We have in this fragmentary proving a few suggestive pathogen-
etic symptoms, and several interesting curative effects, sufficient to
prescribe the medicine in similar conditions.
ADDENDA.
Since reading and copying Dr. Kimball's experience with the He.
patica, I am able to add some personal experience of my own in con-
firmation of the curative powers of the plant.
In the summer of 1865 I contracted a severe bronchitis, which
became aggravated by frequent exposure, until it reached the point
of purulent expectoration. An attack of circumscribed pneumonia
supervened, which was followed by bloody sputa and the purulent ex-
pectoration again. This continued for two months unchecked by Ly-
copodium, Stannum, Phosphorus or Sulphur. The expectoration was
profuse, yellow, creamy and exceedingly sweet. Some pain and con.
striction of the right chest. An excessively annoying irritation of
fauces; a tickling, itching and scraping sensation was present nearly
all the time; aggravated by eating or inhalation of dust. At this
period I met with Dr. Kimball's statement, and suspending all medi.
cines, used the dried leaves in the same manner. I noticed a mucil-
aginous taste, followed by some astringency, and a subdued pungent
sensation, which it gave the mouth and fauces, a little like that caused
by the liquorice root. After using it four days, the expectoration de-
creased; the troublesome irritation of the fauces improved, and in
two weeks had disappeared. It certainly appeared to remove the
symptoms of the fauces and throat.
35
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
(Golden Seal.)
ANALOGUES.-Aletris farinosa, Ammonium muriaticum, China,
Cornus florida, Helonias, Iodine, Kali hydriodicum, Kali permanganas,
Mercurius iodatus, Nitric acid, Muriatic acid, Phylolacca.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. This is an indigenous plant, which is
also known by the various names of Yellow Puccoon, Ground Rasp-
berry, Turmeric root, etc. It has a perennial root or rhizoma, which
is tortuous, knotty, creeping, internally of a bright yellow color, with
numerous long fibres. The stem is erect, simple, herbaceous, rounded,
pubescent upward, from six to twelve inches in height, becoming pur-
plish, and bearing two unequal, terminal leaves. The leaves are two
only, alternate, palmate, with from three to five lobes, hairy, dark-
green, cordate at base, veiny, the lower leaf petiolate, the other ses-
sile, from four to nine inches wide when full grown, and segments
serrated. The flower is solitary, terminal, small, white or rose colored,
and on a peduncle about two inches in length, The calyx consists of
the petaloid, deciduous, broadly ovate, pale greenish-white, concave,
slightly downy sepals, which fall away when the flower opens.
mens many, longer than the pistils. Filaments flat, linear-lanceolate,
having the cells of the anther on their edge at the apex. Pistils sev-
eral, ovary oval, glabrous, attenuated upward into a short style.
Stigma obtuse, scarcely lobed. The fruit resembles a raspberry, is
red, and consists of many little two-seeded drupes, collected into a
globose head and each crowned with a persistent style; seeds nearly
black, obovate, polished, having a minute embryo at the base of a
fleshy and oily albumen.
Sta-
HISTORY.-This plant is found growing in shady woods, in rich
soil and damp meadows, in different parts of the United States and
Canada, but is more abundant West of the Alleghanies. It flowers
in May and June. The root is the officinal part; it consists of a
crooked, knotty, wrinkled rootstock, one or two inches long, giving out
a number of yellow fibres; the root is of a beautiful yellow color,
and when fresh is juicy, and used by the Indians to color their cloth-
ing, etc. It loses about two-thirds of its weight by drying, and its
taste is very bitter. Its virtues are imparted to water or alcohol.
According to Mr. A. B. Durand, of Philadelphia, it consists of resin,
starch, albumen, sugar, fatty matter, yellow coloring matter, several
salts and a crystallizable body which he named Hydrastia.*
(Mr. F. Mahla, of Chicago, Ill., has described it as forming in
brilliant white crystals, belonging to the right prismatic system, hav-
ing no tase except in the form of salts, which are acid and bitter,
fusing at 275 ° F., and decomposing at a higher temperature, giving
* American Journal of Pharmacy, XXIII, 13.
of American Journal of Pharmacy, XXXV, 1863, page 433.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
547
off yellowish fumes of a carbolic acid odor; it dissolves in alcohol or
ether, but not in water. He gives its formula as C44, H24, NO12.)
The root of the Hydrastis furnishes a beautiful yellow color, which
will undoubtedly form a valuable dye for silk, linen, etc., a fine green
is made by combining it with Indigo,
PHARMACOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.-I have been informed by sev-
eral pharmaceutists, that orders are almost daily received at their
pharmacies, for "mother tincture of Hydrastin," This manifest incon-
sistency has induced me to point out to physicians the proper method
of prescribing and administering the remedy referred to.
The Hydrastis canadensis should be used in homeopathic practice
in the following preparations:
1. Tincture of the root ―This tincture may be made from the fresh
radix, and should be prepared by the process of percolation with alco-
hol. From this mother tincture the dilutions should be prepared.
2. Triturations of the root.-The sound, well dried and cleaned
radix should be selected, pulverized very fine in a clean mortar, then
carefully sifted, and the triturations prepared in the usual manner
with sugar of milk.
3. Hydrastin.—This is considered to be the active principle of the
Hydrastis. It is a yellow, or brownish yellow powder, and according
to King, is "soluble in boiling alcohol, but is deposited as it cools, in
crystals. It is insoluble in cold alcohol, ether, chloroform," etc. By
this it will be seen that neither alcohol or water will dissolve this
preparation; therefore it is impossible to make a mother tincture of
it-a tincture which will contain the whole of the medical virtues of
the article. A tincture holding in solution only a portion of the con-
stituents of Hydrastin is manifestly unfit for use in medicine, espe-
cially by a physician of the homoeopathic school. I have used the trit-
urations of this agent as high as the sixth, and have always been well
satisfied with their efficacy.
4. Hydrastia and Hydrastina.—These are the two supposed alka-
loids of Hydrastis. Mr. Merrill, of Cincinnati, who is good authority
in these matters, says:
"With regard to the preparations of Hydrastis, the names are yet
quite unsettled. After a careful analysis, we found that the root
contained two distinct alkaloids; a yellow, which gave to the root its
chief distinctive character; and a white, which, with its salts, is also
a valuable medicinal agent. The former we named Hydrastia, and
the latter Hydrastina.
"But other chemists in Detroit, New York, and in England, were
also engaged at the same time in the examination, and after a good
deal of ambiguity in their communications, at last came to the same
conclusion with ourselves; but they named the white alkaloid,
which, so far as is known, is peculiar to this plant, Hydrastia, and
the yellow one, Berberina, believing it to be identical with that pre-
viously found in the Berberis or Barberry root. This has made a
confusion in names, and we shall probably so far conform to the
548
NEW REMEDIES.
names they propose, as to reverse those we adopted, and to call the
white alkaloid, Hydrartia, as they do, and the yellow, Hydrastina,
instead of Berberina; for we are decidedly of the opinion that this
should take its name from the Hydrastis, which must always be the
chief source from which it is obtained, and not from the Berberis,
which yields it in smaller quantities. Moreover, as a medicine, the
name, if possible, should always point to the plant from which it is
obtained.
(6
While, therefore, in the present issue we retain the names which
we have proposed, and call the preparations of the yellow alkaloid, the
Muriate and Sulphate of Hydrastis, we may hereafter label them
Salts of Hydrastina.”
There is also a salt termed the Iodide of Hydrastia, which is used
to some extent.
The Muriate of Hydrastia is one of the most valuable prepara-
tions yet obtained from the Hydrastis. Not so much for its internal
uses, but as an external application to the mucous surfaces. It com-
bines the well known valuable effects of the muriatic acid, with the
useful influence of Hydrastis.
As a lotion to apthous ulceration and other diseases of the mucous
membrane, attended with inflammation and structural changes, or
abnormal discharges, it stands unrivalled among all the medicines yet
discovered.
It may be used in the proportion of one to ten grains to eight
ounces of water. The strength to be used will depend on the degree
of inflammation and sensitiveness of the discarded surface. I have
prescribed it (at the former strength) with success, in chronic gas-
tritis.
These Salts of Hydrastis should be proven on the healthy organ-
ism. Until they are so proven there, they will be attended with con-
siderable uncertainty. We have provings of the tincture, the root,
and the ordinary Hydrastin. This latter is a combination of all the
medicinal constituents of the root, and contains a resin, as well as the
two alkaloids. Undoubtedly, each constituent of a plant possesses
peculiar medicinal propertics. A proving of the whole plant will
give us a view of these medicinal actions at once. A proving of each
constituent will give us only a part of the medicinal action.
The triturations of the dried root, probably comes the nearest to
a representation of all the properties of the Hydrastis. Next in
importance is the tincture. These contain the so-called tonic-alter-
ative laxative, and other properties of the remedy. They are
homoeopathic to debility, with ulceration of mucous surfaces, glandu-
lar torpor, scirrhous, and some other morbid growths, etc. The spe-
cially irritating qualities of Hydrastis probably reside in the resin.
The "tonic" properties, or those analagous to China, Quinine, Helonin
and the mineral acids, reside in the two alkaloids above named.
Thus, they are specially indicated in debility from loss of tone in the
stomach, liver, intestines, or from loss of fluids, or after fevers, when
there is no particular irritation of the mucous tissues of the body.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
549
The yellow alkaloid, or Hydrastina, resembles Quinine in its homœo-
pathicity to affections of a periodical type, accompanied with debility.
We trust that the time will soon come when we shall have pathogene-
ses of all these various preparations, when we can use them with far
greater success than now. In the meantime it is hoped that physi-
cians will be cautious, and use only those preparations which are
sanctioned by the laws of pharmaceutical analysis.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS. Of each preparation :
(1) Tincture, dilutions.
(2) Pulv. radix, triturations.
(3) Hydrastin, triturations.
(4) Hydrastia mur. The preparations of this salt must be made.
with distilled water. If a complete solution does not take place,
add a few drops of Muriatic acid. For internal use dissolve one
grain in one ounce, which may be called the "mother tincture,
Hydrastia mur." For external use ten grains to four or eight ounces
of water.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The use of Golden Seal as a medicine dates
back into the dim traditional history of this country, when only the
aboriginies inhabited the continent. It was known to the first white
settlers only through the Indian tribes with whom they came in con-
tact. Notwithstanding its great and deserved popularity among the
whites and Indians at an early day, the "regular" practitioner seemed
to look upon it with suspicion, and we find small mention of the Hy-
drastis in any of the writings of the early authors, with the exception
of Dr. Tully, of New England, Prof. Rafinesque, then of Kentucky,
and Dr. Barton, of Philadelphia. Each of these men labored hard
to substitute active and valuable indigenous remedies for the foreign
ones, then as now, so much more preferred by the allopathic school.
At the rise of the "botanic" practice of medicine, these remedies-
the Hydrastis particularly-were taken up and used extensively.
The later eclectics were not slow to avail themselves of the remedial
virtues of this and other indigenous plants. Although their use of
this medicine was purely empirical, and based upon unsystematic ob-
servations, the success which attended its administration was highly
satisfactory, both to patients and physicians.
We shall give the opinions and experience of the earlier physi-
cians, in order that its medical history may be understood. The bi-
ography of a medicine is as interesting as that of a man. We trace
its development through infancy, childhood and youth, and note the
additions which are yearly made to its growth as a remedial agent.
We also note, too, how one after another of its supposed attributes,
fall away and disappear, or how certain traits of character noticed in
its infancy, become forgotten, and finally reappear in the future devel-
opment of its history. A medicine cannot be said to have reached
maturity until it has been subjected to a thorough physiological prov-
ing. In other words, it is in the hands of the homoeopathic school
alone, that a medicine is capable of reaching complete development.
550
NEW REMEDIES.
Among the earliest medical writers of this country was Prof.
Rafinesque, a scientific botanist and a ripe scholar. He thus writes
of the Hydrastis :*
It is tonic, ophthalmic, detergent, etc. It is much used in Ohio,
Kentucky, etc., for diseases of the eyes; the juice or infusion is used
as a wash in sore or inflamed eyes. It is considered a specific by the
Indians for that disorder; they also apply it for sore legs, and many
external complaints, as a topical tonic. Internally, it is used as a
bitter tonic, in infusion or tincture, in disorders of the stomach, liver,
etc., and is equivalent to Aletris, Coptis, Frasera, Menyanthes, San-
guinaria and Jeffersonia. (But none of these is so efficacious for
sore eyes, except perhaps the Jeffersonia.) It is said to enter into
compound remedies for the cancer, acting as a detergent tonic, and
the Cherokees are supposed to use it in that disease, but better de-
tergents are known. The properties of this plant are not yet fully
known, it appears to be slighly narcotic, and available in many dis-
orders. Some Indians employ it as a diuretic, stimulant and eschar-
otic, using the powder for the blistering, and the infusion for the
dropsy."
In this we see the earliest history of the plant as a medicine.
Used first for diseases of the eye, much as Euphrasia was used
among the early Britons; then noted as an Indian remedy for cancer,
and supposed to be narcotic. Its use in ophthalmia is still popular;
its virtues in cancer, forgotten until revived in England by physicians
of the homoeopathic school; and its supposed narcotic powers proved
not to exist.
Howard, writing in 1836, says: "It is very useful in recovery
from fever, for dyspepsia, indigestion, sore eyes, ulcers, loss of appe-
tite, etc."
""
Dr. Barton and Dr. Tully estimated it very highly as a pure
tonic, and as an alterative in diseased conditions of the mucous
membranes."
Kingt gives it a prominent place among medicinal agents; re-
iterates all that previous writers have said about it, with the excep-
tion of its alleged usefulness in cancer; and adds that is valuable
in "chronic affections of the mucous membrane of the stomach, intes-
tines, bladder, etc.," all of which will be mentioned under the appro-
priate heads.
Scudders claims it as peculiarly an eclectic remedy, and remarks:
It seems passing strange that our allopathic brethren have not
got their eyes open to its importance, as we believe that for the ful-
filling of some indications it has no substitute." I shall revert to
Scudder's testimony again, in other paragraphs.
Allopathic authorities of the present day almost, if not entirely,
ignore this important medicine. Wood, in his Dispensatory, repeats
* Medical Botany, page 250. (1828.)
+ Rafinesque says that Viburnin dentatum, Rumex, and Orobanche are also useful in can-
cerous diseases.
: Eclectic Dispensatory.
§ Materia Medica.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
551
Rafinesque, but doubts if it is anything more than an ordinary tonic.
In his " Therapeutics" and "Practice, it is not mentioned. Stille
does not mention it in his extensive work on Materia Medica and
Terapeutics!
In the Homœopathic school the Hydrastis was quite extensively
used by practitioners, who gained their knowledge of its properties
from " eclectic" sources, for many years before the first public notice
of it appeared in our journals.
In 1856, Dr. Hastings published a paper on the use of Hydrastis,
in the British Journal of Homœopathy.
1 believe that I was the first to call attention to this remedy, in
this country, in 1858, in a paper on "Abortion, and its Homœopathic
Treatment."*
In 1863, an article appeared in the British Journal of Homœopa-
thy entitled “Cancer, its Pathology, etc." in which the Hydrastis
was prominently brought before the physicians of our school. Dr.
Bayes and Dr. Pattison claim to have introduced the remedy into
notice before that time.
The pathogenesis of Hydrastis is still incomplete, that found
herein is made up from the symptoms observed by physicians of the
eclectic school, as well as our own, and the provings of Drs. Burt,
Whiteside, and others, the former of which [Dr. Burt's] appeared
in the first edition of this work.
PROVINGS.
DR. BURT'S PROVING.
Nov. 9th.-Feeling well, bowels regular once a day; urine nat-
ural; took ten grains of the pulverized root at 3 P. M. All day, con-
staut, slight pain in the umbilical region, with a hot sensation in the
same part. 7 P. M., soft stool, followed by severe cutting pains in
the hypogastric region, and dull, aching, pains in the testicles, accom-
panied with a very faint feeling; eructations of sour fluid; dull,
heavy weight in the lumbar region.
Nov. 10th.-Feeling well, 9 A. M., took twenty grains. 12 M.,
dull, heavy, frontal headache; constant distress in the umbilical re-
gion, with loud rumbling in the bowels; dull, aching sensation in the
region of the kidneys; took fifteen grains at 5 P. M. Dull headache:
slight, constant pain in the umbilical region; dull pain in the region
of the kidneys. Took forty grains; constant, dull headache, with a
great deal of pain in the hypogastric region and small of the back ;
slight stool; with a faint feeling afterwards; legs feeling very weak
and ache; urinated twenty-eight ounces, acid.
North Amer. Jour. Hom,, vol. VIII, p. 655.
552
NEW REMEDIES.
Nov. 11th.-Awoke several times in the night, with severe pain
in the small of the back and hypogastric region, and dull pain in the
umbilical region, aggravated by motion, with great rumbling in the
bowels; stool at 6 A. м., soft, papescent, followed by a very faint feel-
ing and severe pains in the hypogastric region; dull headache; eyes
secreted large quantities of thick, white mucus; mucous membrane
of the eyelids a good deal congested; nose very much stuffed up;
slight, hacking cough, with a scraping sensation in the larynx. Took
fifty grains at 10 a. M. At 5P. M., constant, dull, frontal headache;
nose secreting constantly a thick, white mucus; constant, rough,
hacking cough; soft, mushy stool at 2 P. M., with great rumbling in
the bowels; constant coryza. My right knee has pained me very se-
verely all day-walking aggravates it very much. Took sixty grains.
9 P. M.-there has been constant, dull headache; frequent coryza,
with profuse secretion of tears; nose running constantly, a thick
white mucus; constant, slight, hacking cough; constant, dull pain
in the umbilical region; soft, mushy stool; urinated forty-two ounces,
heat has no effect upon the urine.
Nov. 12th.-Slept well; eyelids agglutinated together; mucous
membrane of the lids congested; obstruction of the nose with thick
mucus; frequent coryza; slight, hacking, rough cough; constant,
dull pain in the right umbilical region; soft, mushy stool; dull, ach-
ing in the loins; aphthæ-like sore on the mucous membrane of the
under lip; took 70 grains at 10 a. M. 12 M.-There is a constant,
dull, aching, pain in the stomach, which produces a "gene" or faintish
feeling; dull, frontal headache. 5 P. M., there has been constant pain
in the cardiac portion of the stomach, that produces a very weak, faint-
ish feeling; soft, mushy stool; feeling very sad and gloomy; took
eighty grains; constant pain in the stomach and umbilical region
all the evening; dull, heavy backache; urinated thirty-six ounces,
acid.
Nov. 13th.-Awoke a number of times with severe cutting pains
in the stomach and umbilical region; nose stuffed up; aphthæ is bet-
ter; soft, papescent stool; 10 A. M., took 100 grains. 12 M., constant
dull pain in the umbilical region, by spells quite sharp pains in the
region of the spleen; feeling very gloomy; all the afternoon dull
pains in the stomach and bowels, with sharp pains in the region of the
spleen, accompanied by a hot sensation. 4 P. M., took seventy drops
of the tincture; constant, dull, burning pains all the evening;
cramps in the umbilical region, with smarting of the eyes; urinated
four-one ounces, slightly acid.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
553
Nov. 14th.-The dull, heavy, aching pains in the umbilical region
prevented me from sleeping most of the night; dull, heavy headache;
eyelids agglutinated together; mucous membrane congested; nose
stuffed up; soft, mushy stool. At 9 A. M., took fifty drops of Tilden's
fluid extract. 12 M.-There has been constant, dull, burning pain
in the umbilical region, accompanied with a faintish goneness in the
epigastric region; dull, frontal headache; burning in the eyes; took
seventy-five drops; same symptoms were present all day; urinated
sixty-ounces, slightly acid.
Nov. 15th.-Was very chilly all night, notwithstanding that I had
an abundance of clothes over me; great deal of pain in the umbilical
and cœcal regions all night pain all day in the whole of my bowels;
soft, mushy stool; urinated fifty ounces.
Nov. 16th.-Feeling quite well.
DR. WHITESIDES' PROVING.
Proving by W. N. Whiteside, M. D., Oakwood, C. W.
Used a tincture of the dried root, one to ten of dilute alcohol, which
is very bitter.
Nov. 11th.-Took thirty drops.
Nov. 12th.-Took thirty drops. Sticky mucus around the palate,
and bad taste.
Nov. 14th.-Weight in the stomach. Took thirty drops.
Nov. 15th.-Less ability to retain urine; have to urinate more
frequently, but I think not more copiously.
Nov, 16th.-Frequently, when eructating, a little urine escapes
into the urethra. Great ennui and lassitude. (The weather is like
Spring.)
Nov. 17th.-Took forty-five drops.
Nov. 18th.-Took forty-five drops.
Nov. 19th.-Unusual clearing of the throat, while singing.
Nov. 20th.-Sticky mucus around the fauces.
Nov. 21st.-9 A. M., 130 drops; 12:30 P. M., 180 drops. A little
mucus in the fauces which I cannot swallow. Roaring in the ears
like a partridge, on waking in the night-(the waking is habitual.)
Nov. 22d.-Waked at night with a noise in the ears like cog-
wheels, and a crick in the right elbow and phalanges of the left hand
-quite painful. Tongue seems large and marked by the teeth.
Flatus fœtid. 300 drops. Roaring in the ears at 9 P. M. Pulse 56.
Nov. 23d.—Broad, yellow stripe on the tongue and bad taste.
P. M., 300 drops.
554
NEW REMEDIES.
Nov. 24th.-Noise in the ears on waking at night, and rumbling
in the bowels; chilliness at 9 A. M., pulse 52; some pain in the
stomach. 10 A. M., 220 drops. 10 P. M., urine smelled a little de-
composed.
Nov. 25th.-Rumbling in the bowels and noise in the ears at
night, as before. Mouth sticky, with a light fur on the tongue, and a
little aphthæ on the upper lip. (There was one on the upper lip when
I commenced the proving which soon disappeared.) 7 A. M., trouble-
some aching in the sole of the left foot, for an hour or two.
in the ears, with slight pain in the anus. 120 drops.
Ringing
Nov. 26th.-A noise as of cogw-heels at night; yellow coat on the
tongue; dreamed of monsters; some pain in the umbilical region and
anus.
Nov. 27th.-Bad taste in the morning; an aphthæ on the under
lip; urine has an unusual odor.
Nov. 28th.—9 a. M., fifty drops. A noise in the ears in five min-
utes; pulse 66. An aphthæ on the tongue, and the one on the lip
quite large and sore.
Nov. 30th.-150 drops.
Dec. 1st.-1 P. M., pulse 76.
Dec. 2d.-Painless gurgling in the stomach; stools a little softer
than usual, all through the proving, and of a smaller diameter.
PROVING BY A.*
Prover A, aged thirty-one years; sanguine-bilious temperament.
troubled with constipation for the last five years; unrefreshing sleep;
when he awakes in the morning, has no disposition to get out of bed;
wants to sleep and rest more, but feels much better a short time after
getting up.
October 31st, 11 P. M.-On retiring to bed, took one drop of the
30th potency in a tablespoonful of water. Slept well all night; felt
quite refreshed in the morning, 5 o'clock. On awaking from sleep,
no desire for further rest, and had to get out of bed. Very good
humored. Eyes somewhat agglutinated. (Unusual.) 8 P. M.-Half
an hour after breakfast, same morning, had an operation of the
bowels, not differing from that of any former occasion, but followed
by profuse discharges of bright-red, arterial blood, lasting for about
a minute, and occasioning some anxiety. Had a sensation all day as if
the hemorrhage might be repeated, and was, as a consequence, squeez-
ing the sphincter ani all the time.
* This proving is one of a series which were made by the Class of 1866 Homœopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania. The other provings will be found in the Appendix to this work.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
555
10 A. M.-Same day began to grow gloomy, taciturn and disagree-
able towards his acquaintances. 11 A. M., one hour later, head began
to ache right across the frontal sinuses, the pain being dull and lazy,
and slightly throbbing. This condition continued all day, until 4 P.
M., when he found it almost impossible to keep from sleeping; missed
one lecture for the purpose of sleeping, and returned to the college,
all his symptoms being much worse. At 5 o'clock, the same evening,
while attending lectures, his heart became agitated, and continued so
for about five minutes.
Nov. 1st.-Retired to bed at 11 o'clock P. M.; sleep restless all
night, tossing about, seeking cool positions; and on waking in the
morning, felt as he used to feel before he took the medicine, except
that his eyes were considerably agglutinated.
At 8 o'clock on the morning of the 2d, half-hour after breakfast,
bowels moved more profusely than on the previous morning, which
was followed by hemorrhage as on the day before. The prover had
no operation from the bowels for three days before taking the medi-
cine. There was constant, throbbing headache all day in both sides
of the head, in the anterior temporal regions. The headache and all
the symptoms were worse in the warm room, while sitting and rest-
ing, especially while thinking of the symptoms.
The fresh air was
very agreeable and always brought relief.
Nov. 2d.-Retired to bed at 11 P. M.; head continued to ache all
over the forehead and into the temples. Very restless all night;
woke up every half hour, and upon each occasion sought a new posi-
tion in order to get rest.
Nov. 3d, 5 a. M.-Headache still continued, and both eyes com-
pletely stuck together; has no cold, nor knows of any cause that
would produce it except it is the remedy. At 8 in the morning, the
bowels moved freely and the discharge was again followed by the
same sort of blood, renewing the former anxiety as to its conse-
quences. There is now heavy, pressing distress in the rectum;
headache bounding and throbbing; and fears he will become sick all
over. At 8 o'clock, P. M., while sitting in a warm room, he is sud-
denly seized with sneezing, which is succeeded by excoriating,
watery discharge from the nose; and retires to bed at 9 P. M., very
sick. Restless sleep all night long, and sneezing every time he would
wake up.
Arose from bed at 7 o'clock A. M., on the 4th of November.
Headache still continuing; eyes agglutinated, but less so than the
previous morning; and small fever blisters appear on the lower lip,
in the right corner. At 8 o'clock, the discharge from the bowels is
again followed by blood, and other symptoms appear, viz: The gen-
ital organs perspire freely, particularly the scrotum, and emit so
offensive an odor, that everything in the pantaloons pockets, and even
the hands when put into them, partake of it; and under the prepuce,
the perspiration is excoriating.
Nov. 5th. The catarrh has descended into the chest, causing dis-
tress and difficulty of breathing; he wants to take long breaths all
556
NEW REMEDIES.
the time. The discharge of blood with each stool continued all the
time till the evening of the 16th of November. Lycopodium, 10m.
was then given, when this symptom ceased suddenly; the liver re-
mained enlarged, and gave a dull sound on percussion; the distress
above stated became again worse at the lapse of ten days, when
Lycopodium, 41m., was administered; a slight aggravation followed,
and then all the former symptoms were relieved. Four days after-
ward, the enlargement and induration of the liver had entirely dis-
appeared.
ACCIDENTAL PROVING BY DR. BAYES.
Miss W. æt. 75,-suffering with chronic ulcer of the leg; gen-
eral health good.
Took by mistake 20 drops of tincture of Hydrastis, upon the
evening of August 15th, 1862.
During the night, was restless. On the morning of the 16th ex-
perienced a great sense of sinking and prostration at the epigastrium,
with violent and long continued palpitation of the heart.
She had three greenish evacuations from the bowels on the 16th,
with pain in the bowels, as if she had taken a drastic purge.
In the course of the 16th, she had flushes of heat over the face,
neck and hands; these were succeeded by an erysipelatoid rash, cov-
ering the neck, the palms of the hands, and the joints of the fingers
and wrists. The irritation was maddening, with intense burning
heat.
These symptoms continued until the 22d, when the skin exfoliated,
the irritation remained in a slighter form for some days, and was
always worse at night.
In the above case, I have used the patients own words to express
her sensations. The sinking in the epigastrium and palpitation of
the heart, have been previously noticed by myself and other observers
to follow the use of Hydrastis, when given in low dilutions and mas-
sive doses.
ACCIDENTAL PROVING BY DR. W. L. CLEVELAND.
On
I was sent for in the night of the 28th of February, to consult
with Dr. R. S. Pomeroy on a case of threatened miscarriage, which
terminated favorably. The patient, Mrs. P., about 30 years old, of a
bilious encephalic temperament and a scrofulaus diathesis, subject
to frequent attacks of sore throat, from which she is very deaf.
the second day, (2d day of March), after a very severe inflammation
of the throat, and entire buccal cavity made its appearance, Dr. Pom-
eroy prescribed an infusion of Hydrastis, as a gargle, and directed it
to be used three or four times during the day. Mrs. P., not under-
standing the directions, and the application feeling grateful, used the
whole tumbler-full in about five hours, at the same time, applying a
cloth saturated with the infusion over the mouth and chin. Next
* (British) Homœopathie Observer, vol. I, page 189,
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
557
morning, (March 3d,) the mouth, lips and nose were very much swol-
len, and pimples made their appearance during the day around the
mouth and chin, resembling the early stage of small pox or varioloid,
and the next morning, (the 5th,) they commenced vesicating. At
this stage Dr. Pomeroy called on me to see the case with him, and
had I not known the previous history of the case, would have pro-
nounced it small pox. On the 6th the pustules began to sink in the
centre and turn dark, and commenced drying, and have gone through
the various stages of small pox or varioloid, and scaled off on the
10th, and on the 15th the patient was up attending to her household
duties.
Query.-What caused the eruptions?"
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-A few drops of the mother tincture will
cause a sense of physical prostration.-(Marsden.)
Faintish, weak feeling.-(Burt.)
So weak that I fell three times in going to the house.
Great sinking at the epigastrium, with violent and long continued
palpitation, (noticed in several cases.)
Great ennui and lassitude. It is a very mild, certain and perma-
nent tonic, invigorating the general system, and the various organs of
nutrition.-(Eclectic authorities.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In relation to its general effects on the
system, there is no mediciue in use in eclectic practice, about which
there is such general unanimity of opinion. It is universally re-
garded by that school as the tonic-useful in all debilitated states,
and under all conditions except that of acute inflammation.
This is to the eclectic school what Quinine is to the allopath, and
China is to our own school. The first named school look with surprise
upon the indifference with which this, their favorite tonic, is treated
by the rival schools. I have known eclectics in large practice, to
rely upon it almost to the exclusion of Quinine or Salicine, in inter-
mittents and other malarious fevers. They usually prescribe one
dram of the tincture or fluid extract, or one or two grains (even as
high as six grains) of the Hydrastin, every one, two, or four hours,
as the case seems to demand, and assert that it always acts as a pure
tonic, and that its effects are not attended with any stimulation of
the circulation, or congestion of the brain, as is the case with Qui-
nine. Yet, curiously enough, English homoeopathists assert that a
"few drops of the mother tincture will cause a physical prostration."
It could not do this by its primary action, like China: its secondary
effect may be prostration.
be prostration. Drs. Marsden and McLimont state that
"one of us has, for upwards of a month at a time, endeavored by ex-
periment to ascertain its pathogenesis; but we have been unable to
358
NEW REMEDIES.
elicit any very decided symptoms, except upon the sensorium and
heart, which were affected for a very short time, by doses of half an
ounce and upwards, smaller quantities appearing to pass off without
any effect at all." The tincture used by the gentlemen must have
been of a very poor quality, or half an ounce would have shown its
effects in quite a decided manner. They state, however, that they
"know of no medicine which has caused so great an improvement in
the general health of our cancer patients as has this, an improvement
which, in most cases, has become visible in the bettered expression of
the countenances, to all who had previously known the patients."
The testimony of many of our school accords very nearly with
that of the eclectic, namely: That it improves the tone of the gen-
eral system in a manner more prompt than does China, or the min-
eral acids. Our recent provings confirm our impression that it is
homoeopathic to debility.
Nervous system.-The action of Hydrastis on the nerves of mo-
tion and sensation is very limited and occupies a minor place in its
therapeutics.
Fever. Heat of skin; flushes of heat on face and neck; pulse
slow and labored; palpitation of heart; somewhat feverish, with in-
tense itching in various parts of the body; chilliness at 9 A. M.; pulse
52; pulse reduced about six beats; towards the close of the
proving, accelerated; chilliness at 9 A. M. with depressed pulse-52 ;
chilly sensation all night, notwithstanding abundance of covering;
chilliness, with aching in the back and limbs.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Our provings have not yet been heroic
enough to elicit sufficient decided symptoms to enable us to judge of
its full effects on the vascular system. I am of the opinion
that in its action on the organs of circulation of the
blood, it resembles some what the action of China, Cornus, Aletris
and others of that class. It will not cause, however the phenomena
of intermittent fever, as does China. Its primary effects on the vas-
cular system are rather of a steady stimulation, which may be carried
up to the point of sub-acute congestion. Secondarily it causes torpor
and general debility, of a chronic character, from the too-long sus-
tained over-stimulation. Its use in intermittent fevers has
already been alluded to. It is most serviceable in quotidians, when
'there is considerable gastric disturbance, jaundice, and a general
cachectic condition. Also in cases where mercury and quinine have
been used injuriously. In the debility which follows gastric, bilious,
and typhoid fever, it will be found very useful.
Lymphatic System.-Hydrastis must be capable of modifying
the vitality of this system, else it could not exert such curative action
in that direction, as has been noticed, and recorded in clinical expe-
riences. It is probably eliminated by the glands when taken into the
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS,
559
system, and must exert a curative influence of some kind upon all
glands. It is said to have some effect in antidoting or modifying
the cancerous dyscrasia. This it may do by assisting the glands in
eliminating the poison.
This may not be an inappropriate place to mention the use of Hy-
drastis in scirrhous and cancerous affections. In the British Journal
of Homœopathy, 1850, is found the first notice of the use of the rem-
ǝdy in cancer.
In the same journal, for 1863, is an article by Drs. McLimont and
Marsden, entitled "Cancer; Its Pathology, etc.," in which special
mention was made of the curative effects of Hydrastis.
[There seems to be a very undignified and unprofessional quarrel
in progress in England, between Dr. Pattison on the one side, and
Drs. McLimont and Marsden on the other. It seems to amount to
about this: That the former gentleman claims that he originated the
use of Hydrastis in cancers as early as 1852, and has used it success-
fully ever since. He alleges that Dr. Marsden learned the use of
Hydrastis of him, while he was a student of medicine, and that the
claims set forth by Dr. McLimont and Marsden, in 1863, relating to
the use of Hydrastis by them, was a fraud and full of dishonesty. Fer
contra, the latter gentlemen assert that they learned of the use of
Hydrastis from Dr. Hastings' paper, in 1856. They do not deny all
knowledge of Dr. Pattison's long prior claim to its use, for in a foot-
note to the paper alluded to, they say: It has been used for some
time by Dr. Pattison, in the treatment of cancers.”
We are sorry to see any such antagonism among members of our
own school. It will only degrade us in the eyes of other schools. In
our estimate it matters but little which side is victorious in this quar-
rel. Neither of the parties use the Hydrastis in a proper manner,
and in accordance with the principles of homoeopathy.]
After mentioning the use of Arsenicum, Conium, Belladonna, and
other constitutional remedies against cancer, they proceed to notice
the Golden Seal. They say ' We are not sure who it was that first
adopted and recommended the use of Hydrastis canadensis, but have
reason to believe that this application of the root was first made in
America."
"This”—the Hydrastis-"is the medicine upon which we chiefly
rely in our treatment of cancer, usually putting our patient under a
course of it for a month or so, before commencing the enucleation of
the mass.
Our doses vary from one to two drops of the 6th dilution,
560
NEW REMEDIES.
to drop doses of the mother tincture; the lower forms being used
in those cases in which the cachectic condition is fully marked; and
we must confess that we know of no medicine which has caused so
great an improvement in the general health of our patients as has this.
We continue the medicine during the whole of the treatment, and for
some weeks after."
Drs. McLimont and Marsden do not, however, rely entirely upon
the use of Hydrastis alone, but consider it necessary to "enucleate"
the tumor. This process of enucleation is described in full, (see page
682). Hydrastis was applied to the tumor after it had been incised.
But it will seem strange to American homœopathists, who have al-
ways looked upon their English brethren with something akin to rev-
erence, when they learn the manner of its application. "A piece of
lint is applied to the surface, spread with equal parts of a paste com-
posed of a strong decoction of Hydrastis root, Chloride of zinc, and
flour, and Stramonium ointment." Shade of Hahnemann, have
mercy upon English homoeopathists! Is this Homoeopathy? What,
in the name of common sense, can a mild, non-caustic medicine like
Golden Seal do, mixed up with such caustics and narcotics as Chloride
of zinc and Stramonium? Is the British Journal so badly in want
of original articles, as to be obliged to publish such absurdity under
the name of homoeopathy? It is equally ridiculous with old school
practice. If the Hydrastis was to be tested, why not do it in a proper
manner, by applying it in a concentrated form to the diseased part?
In some of the cases reported, a "lotion," of Golden Seal was applied
with apparent good effect,*
* NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION.-Dr. Marsden, in a late article in the British
Journal of Homœopathy, (April 1856,) feels aggrieved by my criticism of his treat-
ment mentioned in the first edition. In his article on “Cancer-its pathology and
treatment," Drs. Marsden and McLimont certainly conveyed the idea that the Hy-
drastis was an important ingredient in the caustic paste they made use of in enu-
cleating the tumor. They say, in the article alluded to: "The special constitu-
tional treatment alluded to, and the absorption of the Hydrastis into the parts imme-
diately surrounding the disease, appear to us also to guard as much as is possible
against the return of the tumor or the development of the malady in other parts,
for the surrounding and adjacent tissues connected with the tumors, are so thor
oughly percolated by the paste, that any cancer cells, deposited in such tissues, are
at once destroyed and rendered quite harmless." (By the Hydrastis?) This is cer-
tainly implied by the language used. Yet in the late article Dr. Marsden says-
either in contadiction of his own words, or from later experience, he does not say
which :
"It is of course obvious to all surgeons that the Chloride of zinc is the sole
agent upon which the successful enucleation of the tumor depends, that this takes
the place, as it were, of the knife in a cutting operation, and that any other ingre
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
561
*
*
*
"In some cases, however, the ulceration has extended into such
parts as to prevent much treatment by the application of the paste,
and here we have obtained much good rom the Hydrastis lotion,
combined with its internal adininistration; the pain decreases, the
foe or diminishes, the discharge is lessened, and the ulceratin pro-
gresses less rapidly.
Our experience, on the whole,
seems to lead to the conclusion that for the most part the health, (as
connected with the disease) improves more rapidly under Arsenicum
than under Hydrastis, while on the other hand, the local condition.
dient added to the caustic is only of use to modify its action, or to form a vehicle
for its application. We had, indeed, long ceased to to regard t e addition of the
Hydrastis as being of any other service than to form a convenient diluent, which
from the glutinous nature it assumes on boiling, it certainly does. The paste which
I am now in the habit of using, consists simply of finely powdered Hydrastis
boiled down to a proper consistence, which, with this exception, answers equaily
well. To each ounce of piste, hilf an ounce or more of the Chloride of zinc is
added, according to the requirements of the case. The assertion that it mitigates
(except as a diluent) the pain caused by the Chloride, we have always consid ·red
as so much bosh, and have never seen any reason whatever for supposing that the
paste used by Dr. Feil causes any more pain than that made by the Hydrastis.
The pain varies exceedingly in different individuals, some scarcely compraining,
while others suffer severely, and it is very difficult to explain this difference. Much,
however, depends upon the position of the part, the nature of the tissue ac el
upon, the strength of the paste, and the care which is exercised in making the in-
cisions."
In another place, Dr. Marsden says:
In a recent paper read by Dr Bayes before the British Homœopathic Society,
he observes that the value of the Hydrastis appears to be evidenced, especially in
those cases in which the glands only are affected. Our own experience, if I ex-
cept Cise V, (in which the diseased con lition of the uterus was much bettered,).
bears out this observation, and I am inclined to agree with him that it is rather
through a specific action which it exerts upon the glandular structures than through
any specific action upon cancers as such, that the favorable results which follow-
its use depend."
If then the Hydrastis is only a diluent in the paste, then why use it at all? Dr.
Marsden evidently did have an idea that the medicinal virtues of the Hydrastis, in
the paste, was absorbed into the the tissues involved in the disease, and antidoting-
the poison therein, just as a lotion of the same medicine is supposed to act topi-
cal y.
In order to dɔ justice to my English colleagues I will say: (4) If they deny the
local curative action of the Hydrastis in the paste, if the Zinci chloridum is the
sole agent of any use, let it be left out. (b). If they think that the Hydrastis does.
act as a curative agent against the cancer, when mixed with the other canstics in
the paste, let them retain it and defend it. I must, however, still maintain that such
a mixture and such deductions, as were made in the quotations from their first.
paper, are not scientific or homeopathic If again, the Hydrastis is the sole agent
that has any curative action upon the cancer, I still contend that it should be ap-
plied alone, in the form of a cerate, lotion, or strong pase, to the surface of the
cancer, incised, or not.
Since Dr. Marsden and McLimont's original paper appeared, I am not aware
that their treatment has been adopted in this country. I think that I should have.
been informed of it through the journals or by letter.
36
562
NEW REMEDIES.
participates more decidedly in this amendment when Hydrastis is
taken." Several example cases are given to illustrate the curative
effects, a few of which we condense:
Case 1st.-A lady had observed for some years, a hard substance
in the right breast, which, for a few months before coming under
treatment, had rapidly increased in size, and had become so painful
as to prevent all rest by night. On examination a tumor of strong
hardness, and about the size of a duck's egg, was discovered in the
upper portion of the left breast. It was non-adherent, but the skin.
was slightly puckered, and the nipple retracted. Another physician
had called the tumor a malignant one. Hydrastis 6th was adminis-
tered in drop doses. The pain was at once relieved. The enuclea-
tion of the tumor, however, was decided upon. The wound speedily
cicatrized, and the patient remains perfectly free from the disease.
Case 2d.-A lady had suffered for six months from a swelling in
the left breast. The pain-which was compared to knives thrust into
the part had become almost unbearable, and the patient was already
beginning to assume that worn appearance so characteristic of the
cancerous diathesis. The tumor, which attained a considerable size
was hard, heavy and adherent to the skin, which was dark, mottled.
and very much puckered, the nipple also being very much retracted.
The patient was at once advised to came to town for the enucleation
of the tumor. This, however, her circumstances prevented, and with-
out any expectation of affording much relief, a lotion of Hydrastis
was ordered with the internal use of the same medicine.
The pain
almost immediately ceased, and the tumor so speedily decreased in
size that at the end of two months, it had altogether disappeared,
leaving but the puckered skin, which had otherwise regained its nat-
ural appearance. When we last heard of this patient she remained
perfectly well. It is needful to state that her health rapidly improved
under the treatment, and that her countenance regained the aspect
of health."
This is a notable case, and if the Hydrastis will always act as
well, it will prove a great boon to humanity.
Ten cases are given in which the Hydrastis was used. In most
cases it relieved the pain, and in some it checked the progress of the
disease. The writers claimed that it failed to give relief in no case.
They predict great advantages from the use of this medicine.* But
*NOTE TO SECOND EDITION.—It will be interesting to physicians to know the con-
dition of these patients two years after they were reported cured In the April
number of the British Journal for 1855; Dr. Marsden writes-giving the state of
the patients at that time:
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
563
we protest against its combination with powerful caustics and ano-
dynes, if we are to have all the good effects of the "paste" attributed
to the Hydrastis. I would suggest that American homoeopaths test
the pure paste of Hydrastis, (pulv rized root,) a plied to the "incis-
ed " tumor, or the lotion, or even a strong cerate, giving, at the same
time, the same remedy internally.
I have been treating a case of scirrhous of the breast with Hy-
drastis. The lady had a scirrhous tumor extirpated from the right
breast, six years previously. Three months before I was consu ted,
she noticed a small induration or tumor, near the site of the one
which had been extirpated. It gradually increased in size and be-
came very painful. The pain was lancinating, and extended up to
the shoulder and down the arms. I applied a lotion of Hydrastis, one-
tenth in water, and ordered her to take five drops of the one te th,
three times a day. The pain ceased the first week, and the tumor
decreased rapidly in size.
Skin.-An
Skin. An erysipelatoid rash on the face, neck, palms of the
hands and joints of the fingers and wrist; the fingers and wrist; the
irritation was maddening with intense burning heat.
For six days
these symptoms continued, when the skin exfoliated; the irritation
remained in a lighter form for some days, and was alwas worse at
night. Heat of the skin; eruption like varioloid on the face; (see
"Case 1st.--This case was never fully under our care, and though sufficiently
se to warrant our using it in illustration of the enucleative treatment, not suffi-
ciently so to throw its responsibility upon ourselves. This patient'still remains free
from any evidence of cancerous disease, but for some time she was troubled by
the formation of scabs and scales in the neighborhood of the cicatrix, which left
behind very troublesome ulcers; to this we alluded in our former paper, and the
trouble continued for some time after the publication of that article; it is now,
however, removed. From very extensive injury done to the greater pectoral mus-
cle, the use of the right arm has been most seriously impaired and will never,
probably, he restored. She has, from the termination of the treatment, suffered,
and still continues to suffer much, from severe burning sensations in the infra-
mmmary region, in which a good deal of puffy swelling still exists On the whole
we should be very much indisposed to regard this as a model case. It is, however,
no small thing that the patient presents, hitherto, no appearance whatever of any
return of the disease."
"Case 2d—has not come under our notice, though I have no doubt that she
would have put in an appearance had anything occurred which would have called
for our assistance
..
Of the remaining eight cases, two had not been heard from; three are reported
as "perfectly well,' and three are still -uffering from the cancerous malady.
From what what we know at the present day, of the nature of the cancerous
dyscrasia, it is safe to presume that unless suddenly taken away by some other dis-
ease, all of the ten patients will ultimately die of cancer. But if the treatment by
Hydrastis and enucleation will arrest the suffering and the progress of the malady
for a few years only, it should be given all due praise and credit.
531
NEW REMEDIES.
"Face.") The powdered root is said to cause pustulation, itching on
various parts of the body, with feverishness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. It is probably homoeopathic to some
acute exanthemata; also to some forms of chronic dermoid disease.
When chronic eruptions depend on debility for their continuance, as
is sometimes the case, then the Ilydrastis, by its invigorating iuflu-
ence may prove curative.
It has been found useful in lupus, rhagades and excoriations. It
may be employed as a simple lotion, or a glycerole, or in the form of
a cerate; and if the patient is cachectic and exhibits symptoms indi-
cating this remedy, its internal use will be of advantage.
Dr. MeLimont, of England claims to have treated three cases of
lupus, successfully, with the internal and topical use of Hydrastis.
Dr H. M. Saxton writes me that he has had considerable expe-
rience in the use of lydrastis as an external application, and gives
the following cases illustrating its use:
Case 1. A girl seven or eight years of age fell, and lacerated
tho scalp above the left temple. The wound was several inches in
length, in the form of a crescent. It suppurated, and became a
troublesome sore. After cleansing the surface, the Hydrastis, in
fine powder, was applied. It checked the suppuration, allayed the
inflammation, and ander its use, the ulcer healed n a few days.
Case 2-Was an ulcer from a burn, on the back of a child's hand.
It was much infi med, very painful: she could hardly move her wrist.
The powdered Hydrastis was applied lightly. Although the child
irritated it a good deal, it soon healed, and left the cuticle smooth,
and without a cicatrix.
Case 3-Infantile Intertrigo. Excoriation in the folds of the
neck." The dry powder was applied, and it healed in three days.
As a wash, one part of the tincture to ten of water, I have found
more useful in obstinate excoriation of the skin, in children, than
Arnica. Glycerine is a better vehicle than water. The Glycerole of
Hydrastis is used with great advantage in cases of intertrigo, sore
nipples, and ulcerated surfaces While Arnica seems specific for
contusions, with extravasation. and Calendula, for incised and lacera-
ted wounds, even when unhealthy suppuration ensues, the Hydrastis
seems the best remedy for chronic ulcers, arising from either of the
above causes, or from burns, scalds, or some diseases of the skin.
The Hydrastis canadensis has been used in the treatment of
variola. in a somewhat remark ble pamphlet recently issued in that
country, written by Dr. J. G. Wilkinson, of London, and entitled
The Cause. Arrest and Isolation of Small Pox, by a New Method,”
the supposed virtues of this remedy are vauntingly set forth:
Dr. Wilkinson opens his article on variola, with the surprising
assertion that "Hydrastis is the remedy which embraces something
like a specific treatment of small pox, where the itching and ting-
ling of the face, at the time of maturation were so distressing that I
ordered the face to be dabbed with a cold infusion of the Hydrastis, a
small portion being warmed for each application. The relief ex-
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
565
perienced was instantaneous as well as complete and lasting. The
swelling of the face also subsided quickly, and the case proceeded
with more than ordinary rapidity to a happy issue. No second case
occurred in the house, a point of importance which I request the
reader to bear in mind."
But there is another point of importance which Dr. W. forgot to
mention, namely: whether the patient, and other inmates of the house
had ever been vaccinated. It is a fact well known to all practical
physicians, that small pox occurring in persons who have been vacci-
nated, will frequently appear to pursue a severe and even aggravated
type, up to the very point of maturation, and then suddenly subside
as if cut short by some therapeutic power. It is this peculiar phase
of disease that has led to so many unfounded laudation of new reme-
dies-such as Sarracenia, etc.
The next case reported is one in which the patient's condition is
described as follows:
His handsome chiseled features capable of a delicate and versa-
tile play, which has made him a favorite with the public, were almost
undiscernable in the huge carneous head, bossed and buttoned all
over with the rising eruption of confluent small-pox. His eyes were
closed up by the general swelling."
For this case he prescribed
" a mixed lotion of Veratrum viride
and Hydrastis, and gave the same remedies internally in rapid alter-
nation." Three days afterwards a marked subsidence had taken
place, the eyes could be opened, the pulse reduced to 80; the pus-
tules changing color, the face and neck though encased, occasioned
but little suffering. There was in fact none of the usual irritation
accompanying the disease." Dr. W. mentions that none of the at-
tendants contracted the disease, but we note the same omission as
above, in relation to their previous vaccination.
Dr. W. draws the following conclusions from this latter case:
(1) "The rapidity with which the crysipelatous swelling, accom-
panying the disease, and the fever, yielded to the Veratrum and
Hydrastis." (2) The absence of the customary irritation both on face
and body [the lotion was applied whenever there was swelling or pain.]
(3) As a consequence of this the absence of the usual incentive to
pick or scratch the face. (4) The absence of the odor which is char-
acteristic of the disease in such violent cases, involving so large an
amount of suppuration and scab as there was in this instance. (5)
The rapid convalescence in so delicate a patient. (6) The apparent
arrest of the infectious properties of the disease. (7) the pitting was
less than I have seen after such an ordeal.
Two other cases are related, for the purpose of showing the spe-
cific effects of Hydrastis in preventing the "marking" of patients,
and in arresting the process of suppuration. He also claims that he
remedy is prophylactic to the disease, and this belief is based on an
experiment. He gave the inmates of a house wherein the last case
was lying, small doses of Hydrastis, and none of them contracted the
malady. But here arises the vexed question; had they been vaccina-
566
NEW REMEDIES.
""
ted? upon which Dr. W. does not enlighten us. He suggests tha
Hydrastis lotion and baths, by saturating, coating and altering the
scabs, pieces and dust of the infected surface, do actually kill the
reproducing powers of the said morbific parts and particles. This
may be proved by experiment, by trying inoculation with small pox
matt r, with and without a mixture of Hydrastis, and I commend the
demonstration to the small-pox hospitals. In the same manner, it
seems probable that any remedy which will extinguish a disease,
will also destroy the infectibility of its particles and effluvia." In
another place he calls Hydrastis a medical counterpart to vaccina-
tion," and asserts that "Hydrastis locally applied, produces vesicular
and pustular inflammations of the skin and sub-dermoid cellular
tissues, and thus is to some extent, locally homoeopathic as vaccina-
tion is surgically (2) homoeopathic to the skin complaint.
""
As regards the local homoeopathicity" of Hydrastis to small-pox,
we have never seen any proof that should place it on an equality even
with Tartar Emetic, Podophylluin or Croton. We have applied By-
drastis tincture to the skin, in cases of schirrhous tumors, for weeks
continuously, and have never noticed any pustular eruptions, or in-
flammation to follow its use.
What does Dr. W. mean by "surgically homoeopathic?" We had
supposed that the vaccine virus was carried into the circulation, and
acted therein as an antidote to the variolous poison.
In relation to the treatment of small-pox in general, Dr. Wilkin-
son thus sums up what his course would be, had he the control of a
small-pox hospital.'
"As soon as the disease is recognized, and if possible before the
eruption appears, I should give Veratrum viride and Hydrastis inter-
nally, and when the eruption is declared, I should continue them
with sufficient energy to control the fever, and reduce the swel ing of
the parts; then chicken broth, mutton broth, beef tea, wine and
brandy as sedatives (?) and to keep the stomach alive and active for
the great demands made upon it by the vital powers, Then I should
give immersion baths at 96 degrees and upwards of Veratrum viride
and Hydrastis in combination (?) at first; a bath every six hours;
sponging the frame then with lotions of the same, at intervals accord-
ing to the exigency of symptoms and circumstances.”
"Where stomatitis in its worst form occurs, or where the typhoid and
putrescent tendency threaten more and more, the Baptisia tinctoria is
a god-sent addition to the armory of medicine against fevers."
gives to Coe, however, the credit of teaching him the value of the
remedy, ignoring the valuable provings of Hill, Douglas and Burt.
Those provings show conclusively that Baptisia is indeed homoeopathie
to apthoe, stomatitis, typhoid fever, and all the conditions for which Dr.
Wilkinson prescribes it.
* * * *
He
Dr. Cleveland, of Atlanta, Ga., reports concerning his experience
with this remedy in smallpox, as follows:
February, 1836. At this time, and for several months past, we
have had small pox raging as an epidemic in our city. With the
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
567
whites it has been rather mild, but with the blacks it has been very
fatal. Up to this time I have had about forty cases under my care,
mostly whites. I have treated them strictly homoeopathically, using,
as the remedies were indicated, Aconite, Belladonna 3d, Bryonia 3d,
Sulphur 3d and 30th, Stramonium 3d, Macrotin, and Turtur
emetic internally, Chloride soda, Sulphate magnesia and Sweet oil
externally. The Turtar emetic I have used as directed by Marcy &
Hunt. The Macrotin, Sulphate magnesia and Sweet oil as advised
by Dr. B. L. Hill. So far I have not lost a case, nor had one case
with secondary fever and there has been very slight pitting.
A few days since I was consulted by Dr. R. S. Pomeroy relative
to a case he considered very doubtful. He had been called to the
case very late on the seventh day after attack. The patient was
about forty years old, an engineer on one of our railroads. For sev
eral days he had appeared to be doing well. A change took place,
the family and friends became alarmed. The friends called in, with
out the knowledge of the family, two allopaths, who pronounced the
case incurable. Dr. Pomeroy described his case thus: "His face
very much swollen, eyes closed, nose enormously large, entirely stop
ped up, throat very sore; pustules dark, and the patient almost
unconscious, having given up all hopes of recovery."
I had just been reading Dr. E. M. Hale's Review of Garth Wil-
kinson's works on Small Pox, &c. From my knowledge of the action
of Hydrastis externally and internally, having used it much in my
practice the last six years, I advised him to use it in his case. I
furnished him with the remedy. He had it prepared and applied it
about one o'clock P. M., and on visiting his patient next morning about
ten o'clock, was surprised to find that the swelling had subsided and
his face looked natural, and his patient comfortable. From this time
his recovery was rapid and complete, with no other remedy but the
Hydrastis.
My first case in which I tried the Hydrastis was a beautiful boy
six years old, very light complexion, light curly hair, who had never
been vaccinated. I was called the morning the eruption made its
appearance, and found him very sick and covered with a fine rash,
which proved confluent small pox. I had him moved to an up-stairs
room and nursed by his mother. Not having had experience enough
in the use of the Hydrastis, I put him under the usual treatment,-
Tartar emetic, &c. He did well till the eighth day, when I found
him very much worse. His face had swollen so much during the
night that his eyes were closed; his throat sore, and his mouth worse
than any case I ever saw. I put him on Hydrastis 6th, three drops
to a half tumbler of water, and had the cold infusion made and applied
warm three times per day. In twenty-four hours all the swelling was
gone, eyes all right, mouth and throat well, pustules all drying up,
and on the 17th day I had him brought down stairs and put to play
with the children; and now, nearly two months, you would not know.
that he had had small pox. Since then I have treated many cases of
small pox and varioloid with nothing but Hydrastis with perfect suc-
568
NEW REMEDIES.
cess. Patients of all ages, children from seven months to adults of
seventy years. In no case have I had any secondary fever and very
little pitting.
Dr. Cleveland relates " a case in point."
I was called on the morning of the 12th of March to see Hulda,
a colored woman, about 30 years old. She had been confined in the
night, by a colored midwife, of a healthy child. I found her broken
out with the small pox. She stated that she had been frequently
vaccinated but it had never taken. Her father thinks he vaccinated
her when a child. I at once put her on Hydrastis Ed, three drops to
half a tumbler of water, dose one teaspoonful every two hours, and
continued it during treatment, also an infusion made of the powdered
Hydrastis and cold water, a portion warmed and applied to face and
hands three times in the day. Her case proved a bad one of distinct
small pox She continued to nurse the child as long as it lived.
Commenced scaling off on the 10th day, was up and about the room
on the 17th day, and now, not a month from attack, you would not
suppose she had had small pox.
The infant, a healthy, smooth looking one, was in the usual condi-
tion of children of its age. No sign of an eruption. I waited till
the 13th, when I vaccinated it. On the 16th the vaccine gave evi-
dence of taking, and went through the usual course of vaccine up to
the 10th day, when an eruption made its appearance, more resem-
bling hives than varioloid. I was compelled to leave the city for an
important call, and left instructions to call Dr. Pomeroy if either got
worse, which they neglected to do. The child grew worse, had a very
sore mouth and throat, which continued till the 26th, when it died. I
returned on the 27th. On examining the child I could not discover
any eruption resembling small pox or varioloid, and think it died
from the want of care, as it had a very poor nurse.
Hydrastis canadensis in a case of Erysipelas, by E. B. Warren,
M. D., of Middlefield, N. Y.:
"I was called on the 6th of June, to see G—— H
— H——, a man 50
pears of age; bilious temperament strongly predominating. He had
been treated allopathically three years and a half without any good
results, and was finally discharged as an incurable case. On examin-
ation I found him suffering extremely with acute erysipelatous inflam-
mation of the left leg. There was considerable fever, with hot, dry
skin, extensive oedema of the foot and ankle, together with large yel-
lowish looking vesicles filled with a limpid fluid,and symptoms indica-
ting a tendency to the brain. I accordingly gave him Aconite and
Rhus toxicodendron in alternation, every two hours; cold water dress-
ings to the parts, and directed a careful aiet. He was kept under
these remedies for a week, as none better seemed to be indicated.
Most of the symptoms were slightly modified, and yet there was not
that improvement that I had anticipated. The skin now began to
assume a dark purplish hue, with heat and tingling aggravated by
movement. I gave Aconite and Belladonna in alternation every two
hours, and water dressings as before, and notwithstanding the careful
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
569
administration of these benign remedies another week, but little good.
had been accomplished. As no other remedies were homoeopathically
indicated, I continued the Aconite and Belladonna alternated every
two hours, and applied externally as an infusion, Hydrastis canaden-
sis, in proportion of twenty grains of the pulvis hydrastis, to thirty-
two fluid ounces of water. The happiest results followed its applica-
tion. His convalescence was rapid and unimpeded, and on the 17th
day of July I discharged him comparatively a well man. I am now
using the Hydrastis in less formidable cases both internally and ex-
ternally with results truly remarkable.
Sleep.-Awakened several times during the night by severe
pains in the small of the back and hypogastric region, with dull pain
in the umbilicus. On waking at night, noises in the ears and rumb-
ling in the bowels. Dreams of monsters. Restless night, with
troublesome dreams and fancies, lascivious dreams, with emissions.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. -The disturbances of sleep are not
prominent. The "noises in the ears," remind us of that symptom in
debilitated patients who have lost blood.
Mind. Disinclination to work, or to apply myself; dreams of
monsters; feels very sad and gloomy.
Head-Dull, heavy frontal headache; constant dull headache,
with pain in the hypogastrium and small of the back of a dull aching
character; dull frontal headache present most of the time; roaring
in the head or in the ears, at night. Sharp cutting pain through the
temples, with dimness of vision. A feeling as though the brain was
partially narcotized, followed by sharp cutting pains darting through
the temples; stinging sharp pains in temples, but dull in vertex and
over the eyes; feeling as if intoxicated; headache of a nervous,
gastric character, almost constant weakness, so increased towards
evening with terrible headache and giddiness, that I was obliged to
cling to my horse for support in the saddle; continued headache for a
week.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. I have found it useful in headache
from gastric difficulties, those arising from dyspepsia, and in those
frontal headaches which occur in chronic catarrh. It has been found
curative in headache from habitual constipation.
Ears.-Roaring in the ears like cog-wheels; sometimes like the
drumming of a partridge on waking at night; roaring five minutes
after taking the drug.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms indicate its appli-
cability to debility, with roaring and noises in the ears, It is also
useful in tinnitis aurium, the result of a catarrh of the inner ear.
I have found found it curative in ottorrhea, of thick mucus; a weak
solution may be used as an injection.
570
NEW REMEDIES.
Eyes.- Mucous membrane of the eyelids much congested; dis-
charge of large quantities of thick white mucus; profuse secretion
of tears; eyelids agglutinated together; mucous membrane of lids.
congested; smarting of the eyes; burning of the eyes and lids.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We find here distinctly manifested,
the specific action of Hydrastis. It affects all mucous membranes,
that of the eyes seems to be prominently affected by the pathogenetic
influence of the drug. We also find that this remedy has been used
very successfully by eclectic practitioners, in diseases of the eyes.
In catarrhal conjunctivitis, after the acute stage has passed, it has
been used as a collyrium with unequivocal benefit. King advises it
in opacity of the cornea. Jones and Scudder assert that, "A decoction
of it is very useful as a detegrent and antiphlogistic application to
the eyes, either in acute or chronic inflammation; in acute opthalmia
we have obtained much advantage from applying a poultice of equal
parts of hydrastis and ulmus fulva, wet with cold water; it relieves
the pain and burning, and in many mild cases will effect a cure with-
out any other application. In the chronic form of the disease we
employ it without the ulmus fulva, directing a large poultice to be
applied to the affected eye upon going to bed, and retained on through
the night, wetting it occasionally with water if it becomes dry." Were
it not for the senseless combinations which they use, some valuable
clinical experience might be gleaned from the works of writers on
eclectic medicine. From the above testimony of the use of Hydrastis
in opthalmia, we may deduce some practical suggestions. The "eye
symptoms noticed by the provers show that Hydrastis is an ana-
logue of Pulsatilla, Euphrasia, Ilepar sulphur and Sepia. The two
former correspond more particularly to acute catarrhal inflammation,
while the latter and Hydrastis are more appropriate to the chronic
condition. (Ethusa effects the eyes similarly to Euphrasia.) Pulsa-
tilla is best indicated when the discharge is thick, mucus, or even
muco-purulent, and there may be superficial ulceration of the con-
junctiva. But the discharge for which Hydrastis is indicated, pro-
ceeds from a more obstinate catarrhal inflammation, in which ulcera-
tion is a prominent symptom. It is a little strange that the above
mentioned writers do not mention or advise the use of this remedy
internally in opthalmic diseases. It may be remarked, however,
that the older allopathic writers do not mention the internal use of
Pulsatilla or Euphrasia, although they used them as topical agents, in
the same disease for which we use them.
Dose, etc.—In acute conjunctivitis give third dilution, and apply
about the same attenuation, (in distilled water,) to the eyes. In the
the chronic, attended with ulceration, use the one-tenth or the one-
hundredth internally and as a collyrium.
Dr. A. E. Horton, of East Poultney, Rutland Co., Vt., writes:
"I was attacked about the middle of January, with acute catarrhal
opthalmia, the result of daily exposure to the harsh dry winds that
have occurred most of the time for the last two months in this region.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
571
The attack was mild at the commencement, but steadily increased
dayafter day, until at the end of two weeks I was nearly incapaci-
tated for business; however I managed by bathing the eyes steadily
with cold water, through the evening and fore part of each night, to
subdue the inflan mation so that I could make my daily round of visits
during the succeeding four or five days; but each ingress the inflam-
mation was worse than the preceding, and at this time it had ex-
tended nearly to the border of the iris; the eyelids were so swollen
and the catarrhal secretion so abundant that I was nearly blinded. I
I made up my mind I must suspend business or I should lose my
eyesight. I concluded at this time to make a thorough trial of the
Hydrastis, remembering the many cases of chronic opthalmia that I
had cured with it. Accordingly I made a solution of one grain of the
first decimal trituration of the muriate of Hydrastia in two drams of
water, and applied a few drops directly to the eyes every hour or two.
I also prepared a cerate of the same and applied to the excoriated
lids. The effect was very soothing, even more so than opium could
have been. At the end of forty-eight hours my eyes were so much
better that I commenced business again, and have had no occasion to
stop since. I have applied the remedy once or twice daily since, and
at the time I am writing, three weeks later, the inflammation has all
disappeared, and my eyes are as well and strong as ever."
Nose. Very much stuffed up; constant discharge of thick, white
mucus from the nose; constant coryza with profuse secretion of tears;
obstruction of the nasal passages with frequent coryza; constant
coryza with frontal headache; (B) "excessive secretion from the
mucous membrane of the nose, so much so that the secretions were
removed in long tenacious shreds or pieces."-King.
Stuffed up, smarting sensation in posterior nares, with discharge
of thin, clear mucus, as from a recent cold; increased secretion of
nasal mucus. Continual snuffing and occasional sneezing throughout
the day, with hoarseness. Sharp, raw, excoriating feeling in both
nares, with constant inclination to empty the nose.
Fluent coryza,
Attack like catarrbal influenza, lasting ten days.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This last symptom, which I find in
King's Dispensatory, shows very clearly the sphere of action of the
drug; also that the mucous membrane of the nose is specifically
affected; this symptom was caused by internal administration. For
several years I have been in the habit of treating chronic nasal
catarrhs, ozæna, and diptheritic affectious of the nose, with Hydrastis.
In simple catarrh, the second dilution may be given internally and
used as an injection into the nostrils, two or three times a day.
When there is ulceration the first decimal trituration will afford
more satisfactory results. In ozana, it may be used still stronger,
and in alternation with injections of Baptisia, giving at the same time.
internally, Iodide of Arsenic, or Nitric acid. Injections of the strong
solution of muriate of Hydrastia is promptly curative in bad cases.
K
572
NEW REMEDIES.
In acute coryza, with copious secretion of white mucus and tears,
nightly chilliness, despondency, etc., I would suggest the use of the
high potencies. Its internal and topical application may prove of b n-
efit in nasal polypi. If its asserted power of discussing scirrhus and
other tumors be but substantiated, it may prove useful in cancer of the
nose. As before stated it has been found curative in lupus, attack-
ing the nose.
Mouth.—Mouth sticky; bad taste in the morning, with a yellow
coat on the middle of the tongue, and sometimes on the whole tongue;
on the 13th day of proving, an aptha on upper lip followed in a day
or two by others in the lower lip and tongue; tongue large (flabby.)
and marked by the teeth; (Whiteside) large apthous sore on the mu-
cous membrane of the under lip; flat taste in the mouth. (Burt.)
Excessive secretion of tenacious ucus from the buccal mucous mem-
brane, so profuse that it may be removed in long tenacious shreds,"
(King) Acid, peppery taste in the forward half of the tongue;
peppery taste in mouth. Tongue seems large, and marked by the
teeth. Broad yellow stripe on the tongue, with bad taste. Mouth
sticky, with light fur on the tongue. Aphthæ on the lips. Aphthæ
on the tongue and lip, quite large and sore.
Clinical ObservATIONS —We have here the same blenorrhagic
symptoms noticed under "Nose." Hydrastis has always been a
favorite domestic remedy in "sore mouth." Many physicians use it
in all forms of stomatitis of children; in simple ulceration of the
buccal mucous membrane; in mercurial sore mouth; and in stomat-
tis materna. I have witnessed the most obstinate varieties of these
affections, yield to the local application of Hydrastis in decoction or
powder, after the mineral acids, astringents, nitrate of silver, of the
old school, and even homoeopathic remedies had been tried in vain.
The best method of application is to add one drachm of the tincture
to half a pint of water, use this as a wash every three or four hours.
In Dr. Ludlam's report* on "stomatitis materna, favorable mention
is made of the use of this remedy in that disease. Dr. Murch has
becu very successful in many cases, using it as a wash, and the dry
powder applied to ulcers in the mouth.
NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION.-The best preparation for use in diseases of the
mouth and fauces, is the Muriate of Hydrastia-one grain to an ounce of water—
applied every three or four hours. It is much more successful than the tincture.
With it I have cured many cases of stomatitis, which have resisted other measures.
In my own case it acted promptly in removing a disagreeable dryness of the tongue.
with a sensation as if it had been burut; it felt sore and raw, and had a dark red
appearance with raised papillæ. The gums were also dark red and swollen, as was
also the mucous membrane of the mouth. The uvnla was relaxed.
The uvnla was relaxed. sore, and large
quantities of tenacious mucus was hawked from the throat, leaving a sensation of
rawness. A wash of Hydrastis mur. cured the whole in two days, although it had
lasted for two weeks, uninfluenced by Nitric acid, Mercurius, and tincture of Hy-
drastis.
*Transactions of Illinois Homœopathic Society.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
573
Face.-Flushes of heat on the face followed by an crysipelatoid
eruption; mouth, lips, and nose very much swollen, and pimples made
their appearance during the day, around the mouth and chin, resem-
bling the early stage of small pox, and the next morning they com-
menced vesicating. On the next (hird) day the pustules began to
sink in the centre and turn dark, and commenced drying; have gone
through the various stages of smail pox and scaled on the sixth day;
(supposed effect of an external application of the tincture ;) erysipe-
latous rash on the face, neck, etc.
Fauces, Throat, etc.,-Sticky, but not abundant muens in the
fauces; sticky mucus around the palate, with bad taste; unusual
clearing of the throat while singing; a little mucus in the fauces
which I cannot swallow; tingling and smarting in the throat; hawk-
ing up of tenacious, yellow or white mucus, with rawuess of the
fauces; some pain on swallowing, as from excoriation.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS—It is a favorite remedy with many
homeopathic physicians in the West, as a gargle in cases of simple
ulcerated sore throat; also in angina with ulceration, when accom-
panying scarlatina; it does not like Baptisia, remove the foe or in a
direct manner, but its curative effect over the ulceration, tends to
remove any putrefactive condition. The pathogenetic symptoms are
quite similar to those for which Dr. Gray, of New York, so highly
recommends Mercurius iodatus; and the pathological condition,
namely, inflammation and engorgement, with profuse secretion of
mucus from the mucous follicles of the throat, very much resemble
the condition which Mercurius causes. In some varieties of chronic
angina, we find the mucous membrane of the fauces studded with
roand, protuberent spots, of a red color, as if injected with blood,
and the patient complains of an aggravation from the least exposure
to cold. For this state of the throat H par sulphur is generally pre-
scribed, but its permanent curative effect is very much aided by the
internal and local use of Hydrastis.
•
Dr. Lodge had excellent success with Hydrastis in a case of mer-
curial saliration. A man troubled with the itch was told that an
ointment of corrosive sublimate would cure it. He used it freely.
As the skin eruption disappeared, severe mercurial salivation was
developed When called to see him, his jaws were set, liquids were
swallowed with difficulty, power of articulation was lost, and he could
only make his wants known by writing on a slate. The ulceration of
the mouth, which followed the salivation, was soon relieved by Hydras-
tis (1,) one part tincture to nine parts water and the patient was able
to speak in about a week. The recovery was rapid and permanent.
Syphilitic angina, has been benefitted by the use of this medicine;
indeed, in its action the glands of the mucous membrane, Hydrastis
is an analogue of the mercurials. There is a kind of sore throat,
which often attends dyspepsia; it is sometimes known as “bilious
574
NEW REMEDIES.
•
sore throat," although the name is inappropriate; it is a sympathetic
disorder, arising from irritation of the stomach and lower portions of
œsophagus; for this troublesome affection, the Hydrastis internally is
an excellent remedy.
In diphtheria the Hydrastis has been found of benefit. It corres-
ponds to the debility which results from that disease, and to the local
condition of the throat when ulceration occurs. I am accustomed to
use it as a gurgle in all cases where ulceration is notic ed.
Dr. Logan says: "I have used the Hydrastis in ulceration of
mucous membranes, with very satisfactory results. Three years ago
I treated over 200 cases of diphtheria, using the Hydrastis as a gargle,
with good results; also in leucorracea of the cervix."
Dr. C. C. Smith, of Chicago, reports the following case wherein
this medicine was used in Diphtheria:
"The discase came on in the usual way. Under the use of Nit-
ricum acidum, Belladonna, and Capsicum the throat was cured in a
very short time, the false membrane clearing off nicely. But about
the period when I was looking for the time to arrive when the patient
(a girl of 14) should be well on the road to health, I was not a little
surprised to discover the diphtheritic membrane forming in the left
nostril, and in the vagina, the former being completely plugged up.
I was at a loss to know the proper remedy, (similia.) in this new
phase of the disease. I could not expect much from a continuance
of the medicines already used, for although they removed the throat
symptoms, they had not reached the essence of the disease, which it
was plain to see was still lurking in the system.
Hoving read somewhere, and at that moment calling it to mind,
that Hydrastis possessed the power of producing a false membrane
upon all mucous surfaces, I at once administered this drug both ex-
ternally and internally, in the first decimal dilution, the outward ap-
plication being brought in contact with the parts by means of a camel-
hair brush, while teaspoonful doses of a solution of six drops of the
above potency in a half tumbler of water was given every hour. Very
soon the false membrane began to shrink up and soon came away-the
cure was rapid and complete."
Gastric Symptoms.-Eructations of sour fluid; faint feeling at
the stomach; dull aching pain in the stomach, which causes a very
weak, faintish feeling; burning pain in the umbilical region, with a
faintish "goneness" in the epigastric region; cutting pain in the
stomach; oppression of the stomach; eructations; weight in the
stomach; acute distressing pain in stomach; nausea; great sense of
sinking and prostration at the epigastrium, with violent and long
continued pvlpitation of the heart; painless gurgling in stomach.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This remedy seems likely to prove as
prominent a remedy for those conditions which are known under the
name of dyspepsia, as Nux vomica, Sulphur, or Pulsatilla. We will
glance at the testimony of eclectic physicians on this subject: "It is
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
575
successfully administered in dyspepsia and chronic affections of the
mucous coats of the stomach; in chronic inflammation of the stomach
it is very valuable; it will be found of special advantage in the treat-
ment of persons who are intemperate, gradually removing the abnor-
mal condition of the stomach, and in many instances destroying the
appetite for liquor.-(King) "In anorexia, indigestion, and general
debility, arising from a languid, or atonic state of the stomach, it is
unsurpassed, restoring tone to the stomach, promoting the appetite,
and acting as a general restorative. It may also be employed in
those cases of chronic gastritis and chronic irritation of the stomach
with altered secretion, which constitute the worst and most persistent
forms of dyspepsia. In acid indigestion the Hydrastis, associated
with calcined magnesia or prepared charcoal, will be found truly val
uable especially when attended with a torpid condition of the bowels.
In those sympathetic diseases of the digestive organs, arising from
uterine disease, we have obtained more benefit from this than from
any other agent.* "The cases in which we have known this plant
used with most success, were atonic dyspepsia, attended with torpidi-
ty of the liver; languid circulation, and constipated bowels." (Pro-
fessor Lee, allopath.) The few pathogenetic symptoms which we have,
point to its use in dyspepsia with acidity, and dyspepsia from atony.
The faint feeling, is quite suggestive of congestion of the portal sys-
tem; but we should be guided, perhaps, more by the general action
of Hydrastis upon mucous membranes. We know that it causes
(4) blennorrhagia; (2) excoriation and ulceration (superficial?); and
a condition simulating chronic inflammation. I have used this medi-
cine in gastric disorders, for several years, and my experience, togeth-
er with a knowledge of its general effects, led me to consider it
homoeopathic to the following conditions; I use the nomenclature of
Dr. Chambers-(see Disorders of Digestion :)
(1) Mucous Flux (chronic.)
(2) Excess of epithelium (chronic.)
(3) The Anæmic state.
(4) Chronic inflammation, (mucous.)
(5) Ulcer of the stomach.
(6) Deficiency of gastric juice.
It may prove of value in cancer, or scirrhus of the stomach, if the
experience of our English colleagues should be verified; it palliates
those symptoms of flatulence, distention, and painful digestion, so
common to dyspeptics.
Liver. Our provings do not point to any particular symptoms,
relating to the liver, but it is considered valuable in hepatic disorders,
by the eclectic school.
Che says:-Upon the liver it acts with certainty and efficacy; as
a cholagogue and deobstruent, it has few equals; it is of inestimable
value in the treatment of chronic derangements of the liver and por
tal circulation; it seems to exercise an especial iufluence over the
*Jones and Scudder, Materia Medica.
576
NEW REMEDIES.
portal vein, and hepatic structure, generally; resolving biliary depos
its; removing obstructions; promoting secretion, and giving tone to
the various functions. It may be relied upon with confidence for the
relief of hepatic torpor. In intermittent fever, we have found it
most reliable in those cases in which the prolongation of the disease
depended up on a disordered condition of the functions of the liver."
King does not mention its applicability to hepatic diseases. Other
writers, however, recommend it in affections of that organ. If the
liver eliminates the principle of Hydrastis, we may safely assert
that it will disorder its functions. I have quoted the above, to draw
the attention of our school to its alleged uses. There is one condition
of the liver, hower, in which I consider the Hydrastis homoeopathi-
cally indicated; I allude to the "catarrhal inflammation of the mucous
membranes lining the gall bladder, biliary ducts, etc.
Dr. J. A. Albertson reports the following case of jaundice:
Oct, 7th, 1834 —Mr, L———, aged 40, called upon me, complaining
of severe pains in stomach and bowels, also constipation and loss of
appetite. I prescribed Nix and afterwards Podophyllin without
benefit Very soon jaundice began to appear and developed a serious
case; skin and eyes were of a dark greenish yellow; urine very
d.rk; fæces quite light colored, extreme prostration of the whole sys-
tem. I at first thought that the pains were caused by obstruction of
the gall duct, but finally concluded that such was not the case, as
they gradually abated when the disease became fully developed.
After two weeks treatment, during which time the patient received
Nux vomica, Podophyllin, Mercurius, Leptandrin, Digitalis, Phos-
phorus and China; all the time getting worse, I became somewhat
alarmed, and in looking over the case anew, came upon
Coe's re-
marks on the action of the liver," page 258, 1st edition "New Rein-
elies," which determined me to try it in this obstinate case I
accordingly prescribed it in mother tincture, five drops three times a
day. The patient began to improve very soon, and was discharged
cured in ten days.
The same patient had a slight attack since, which was cured
readily by the same remedy.
Since treating the above case, I have had perhaps 20 similar
cases, which I have cured in from one to two weeks, with Hydrastis,
in doses ranging from the first dilution to five drops of the mother
tincture, three times a day. Occasionally when some complication
imperitively called for some other remedy, I have a'ternated a few
drops of the proper one with Hydrastis, the principal, and in many
cases the sole remedy, and it has not disappointed me. I have not
nsed it in cases where I was absolutely certain there was structural
disease of the liver, but am quite confident it must be of use in at
least chronic cases of structural disease producing jaundice, since it
is so efficacious in functional derangements producing the same
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
577
disease. I should, in such a case, unless the symptoms very plainly
called for some other remedy, resort to Hydrastis with confidence of
good resulting from its use.
It must have been homoeopathic to the symptoms and cases
above, or it would not have cured them so readily and completely,
and future heroic and careful provings, will undoubtedly confirm the
truth of its homopathic action in jaundice.
Stomach and Bowels.-Slight pain in the umbilical region, with
a hot sensation in the same parts; severe cutting pain in the hypo-
gastric region, extending into the testicle, where it is of a dull aching
character, occurring after stool and accompanied by a very faint feel-
ing; constant distress in the umbilical region, with loud rumbling in
the bowels; dull pains in the hypogastrium, and small of the back;
dull pain in the umbilicus, aggravated by moving, and accompanied
by great rumbling in the bowels; severe pains in the hypogastrium
with a very faint feeling following stool; constant dull pain in the
right side of umbilical region; constant dull aching pnin in the
stomach that produces a gone, or faint feeling; constant pain in the
cardiac portion of the stomach, that produces a very weak, faint feel-
ing; severe cutting pains in the stomach and umbilical region; at
intervals sharp pain in the region of the spleen, with constant dull
pains in the stomach and bowels, accompanied by a hot, burning
sensation; the aching pain in the umbilicus prevents my sleeping;
great deal of pain in the umbilical and cœcal regions, continuing all
night, with pain in the whole bowels all the following day; sharp
pains in the region of the cœcum; a good deal of rumbling in the
bowels, especially on going to bed, and when awaking in the night;
foetid flatus; pain in the umbilical region and anus; griping in the
bowels, with profuse light colored diarrhoea; griping in the bowels,
with several light, but somewhat acrid stools; soreness in bowels.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It will be well here, to inquire into the
general action of Hydrastis upon the intestinal tube. It is not con-
sidered as a cathartic, yet I have known large doses of the powdered
root to act as a purgative. This, however, may have been in part ow-
ing to the irritating effects of the woody fibre in the powder, as the
tincture does not, in quite large quantities, have that effect. King
says that in some instances "It proves laxative, but without any as-
tringency, and seems to act in therapeutical action between Rhubarb
and Blood-root." Prof. Lee says it "proves laxative to the bowels.”
Dr. Burt, who made a portion of this proving, writes me that he did
not have any very loose stools during the experiment; that he did
not notice any mucus in the evacuations; the burning pain in the
bowels was quite troublesome, but his proving was not continued a
sufficient length of time to develope its peculiar blenorrhagic effects
37
578
NEW REMEDIES.
upon the intestinal mucous membranes. We feel safe in asserting
that Hydrastis is not primarily or directly homoeopathic to diarrhau
unless in the catarrhal, in which it should be used highly potentized;
but it is decidedly homoeopathic to the following conditions:
(1). Chronic mucous flux of the intestines. This condition has
been treated under the name of intestinal catarrh, (blenorrhoea of the
bowels.) It seems to be a near analogue of Ammonium muriaticum,
in its effects upon the mucous surfaces.
(2). Erosion, chronic ulceratian, etc., "with defective absorp-
tion;" it is also homœopathic to flatulent colic; and pain in the
bowels when accompanied by faintness.
Dr. H. Wigand, M. D., of Dayton, Ohio, reports the following case
of enteritis cured by Hydrastis:
"A married woman, aged 21; mother of one child, three years
old; of nervous temperament, blue eyes, light hair; prolapsus uteri
and leucorrhoea of several years standing,—took cold by getting her
feet wet, during the last days of her monthly period.-(Nov. 1864).
I found her suffering from chills and high fever, pain in the bowels
and uterine region, and frequent dysenteric evacutions. Gelseminum
and Aconite removed these complaints except the pains. These con-
tinued with increased severity. She says, "it feels like wind." A
lump, the size of a hen's egg, rises and falls in the right iliac and
lumbar regions. Sharp pains around the umbilicus, extending to the
left ovarian and splenal region. Moans continually, and at times her
out-cries are very distressing. Very restless, no sleep; abdominal
walls painful to pressure; discharge of flatus, which sounds like the
report of a pistol; tongue and lips parched and dry; little thirst and
loathing of food; constipation; injections per anum followed by bul-
let-like fæces; offensive, pus-like discharges from the vagina; great
tenderness of the os uteri; pale and haggard; hiccough; hectic
fever; cold sweats, and bedsores. The latter symptoms developed
themselves gradually during an illness of three weeks. Pains in the
bowels and uterine region were constant. All the homœopathic rem-
edies, apparently indicated, and appliances usually employed in simi-
lar cases, failed in toto, to afford any permanent relief. Finally, I
gave one-eighth of a grain of morphine. This brought on violent
spasmodic action and delirium, followed by restless sleep of several
hours duration. Pains returned. She grew weaker; extremities icy
cold. Death seemed inevitable. Remembering that eclectics use
Hydrastis as a tonic, and in order to "do something," I poured six or
eight drops of the tincture in a glass of water, and ordered a dessert
spoonful every hour. (I had not perused Dr. Hale's work at this
time.)
"Called early next morning. No groans or outcries jarred my
nerves at a distance from the house, as heretofore. Has she been
raised to a higher plane of spiritual existence? No crape on the door-
bell knob! Death-like stillness pervades the house, Is she just ex-
piring? Noiselessly I enter her apartment, to be witness of a death-
bed scene. Not so, she only sleepeth? The first natural sleep for
thrée long weeks.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
579
"After the third or fourth dose the pains ceased, and she fell
asleep. Hydrastis was continued for four or five days. Appetite
returned, bowels moved regularly, and she made a steady and speedy
recovery.
"The question arises in my mind: Could the same result have
been attained by the 30th or 200th attenuation of Hydrastis?"
Stool.-Soft stool, followed by severe cutting pain in the hypogas-
trium, with dull aching in the testicles, accompanied by a very faint
feeling; soft, mushy stool, with great rumbling in the bowels.
(Burt). Obstinate relaxation of the bowels; griping pains in the
bowels; tenesmus; stool once a day, a little more regular than usual,
and softer; occasional pain in the anus, not during stool; fœces
smaller in diameter than usual; greenish evacuations with feeling in
the bowels as from a gastric purge; profuse light colored diarrhoea,
with griping and prostration; acrid stools; light colored, mushy
stools; soft, small stools.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Prof. Lee (allopath), says this medicine
has been used with most success in atonic dyspepsia, attended with
languid circulation, topidity of the liver, and constipated bowels. If
it really proved curative in material doses, in constipation, it must be
secondarily homoeopathic to that condition. The reports of our Eng.
lish colleagues seem to support this theory by actual cases. Dr.
Hastings, Surgeon (British Homoeopathic Journal, Vol. XVIII, page
317,"writes: My assistant, Mr. Clifford, used it in very chronic and
obstinate cases of constipation, and says, that a drop of the mother
tincture, in water, first thing every evening, has been most effectual
in these cases." The following cases illustrating the uses of Hydras-
tis canadensis in constipation, were reported by Dr. Rogerson in the
British Journal, Vol. XVIII., page 526:
Case 1st-"Margaret Shaw, aged thirty-eight, came to the dispen-
sary, with the following symptoms:-for the last eight years-she
had been troubled with constipation, during which time her bowels
had never been moved more than once or twice a week, and then only
by the aid of opening medicine. Castor oil and pills generally had
been taken, consequently she complained of constant headache, more
especially in the morning; bad taste in the mouth; foul tongue; pain
in the back and shoulders; a sense of constriction in the hypogastric
region, which was only relieved by opening medicine; rather bilious;
yellow complexion; skin smooth and dry; great pain after each stool,
which was of a hard, nodulated consistence, and of a gray or brown
color. I now ordered her to take Hydrastis canadensis, every morn-
ing and evening, and to leave off taking all opening or purgative med-
icines; after four days had elapsed, her headache, pain in the back
and shoulders were much better, the bowels having moved. Four
days afterward the headache had entirely disappeared; free from
pain; stool quite easy and healthy; yellow hue disappearing from the
face; the appetite much better, and at the end of four weeks she
reported herself quite well."
580
NEW REMEDIES,
Case 2d.-"Sarah Howarth, aged twenty-nine, complaining of sore
neck and throat, the latter much relaxed and inflamed, more espe-
cially the inflamed portion; headache, cough and spit; pain in the side
while stooping and rising from a recumbent position; breath bad;
tongue foul and coated with a thick, white fur; appetite bad and bow-.
els for some seven or eight weeks very much confined; had been
obliged to resort to opening medicines every Saturday evening; they
were generally moved three or four times every Sunday, and not.
again until the medicine was repeated on the following Saturday. She
was ordered Hydrastis every morning and evening; one week after-
wards she felt rather better; breath not so bad; tongue moist and
more healthy; appetite increasing; bowels moved every day since
she commenced taking the medicine; continued the Hydrastis; one
week later she feels nearly well, excepting a slight pain while swal-
lowing any food; bowels free from any uneasy sensation, and move
every day; appetite greatly increased and gaining strength every day;
continued the medicine which resulted in a perfect cure, at the end
of two weeks longer."
Case 3d.—“ Thomas Oscar, aged forty-six. Has been for several
months troubled with general anasarca-difficulty in making water,
which was of a high color, depositing a cloudy sediment while stand-
ing;
and having been in active service during the Crimean campaign,
was accutomed to sleeping out in the open air, and being so exposed
for a series of weeks and months, suffered from an acute attack of
rheumatic fever, which laid the foundation of his present illness.
His bowels for the last two months having been very much confined,
so much so that he was necessitated to resort to opening medicine
once or twice a week. On my first visiting him, however, on the 21st
of April, I prescribed Hydrastis every morning and evening.
April 29th.-Since taking the medicine, has had his bowels moved
two or three times every day; he also makes much more water—more
freely and of a better color; continued Hydrastis.
May 4th.-His bowels have been moved every day with the excep-
tion of yesterday; his water increases; tongue better; sleeps very.
well, and feels in every respect great relief from his former suffer-
ings; continue Hydrastis every morning.
May 26th-Bowels more quiet, regular; swelling much diminished
and water freer, clear and copious; feels now nearly well; continue
Hydrastis every other morning."
The above cases are only a few of the many in which I have
tried it with great success; it seems to act most beneficially on those
who have undergone or constantly resorted to a course of opening
medicine; it also seems to act best on those who have spent an active
life, but have become of sedentary habit."
It is to be regretted that Dr. Rogers did not give the doses he
used.
Since the first edition of this work was issued, a large amount of
testimony has come to us in favor of the efficacy of this remedy in
constipation, hemorrhoids, etc.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
581
"L
Dr. R. Hughes, of England, says of the Hydrastis canadensis:
My chief experience with this drug has been in the treatment of
constipation; for which it it is a precious remedy, far superior to the
Nux vomica usually prescribed. It is in cases where constipation
stands alone, or is itself the cause of the other existing ailments,
that I find the Hydrastis so valuable. I have used it in the potencies,
from the first to the sixth, decimal. The second has seemed to me
to act most satisfactorily.
The results that I have obtained from Hydrastis in cancer have
not been encouraging. I have, however effected much benefit by its
persevering use externally and internally, in chronic and indolent
ulcers."
Dr. T. B. Brown, of Binghamton, N. Y., reports the following
cases of constipation and piles, treated with Hydrastis:
B-
"Mrs. B——, aged 32; blue eyes, light hair, fair complexion;
mother of two children, the youngest six years old; for three years
years has had painful piles, with attacks of headache and constipation;
severe smarting, burning pains in the rectum during and for some
hours after each stool; colic pains, with fainting turns, and heat
in the bowels, often followed her passages when she had been some
days constipated. Two physicians of the old school and one of the
new, had tried to cure her. Having removed similar symptoms in a
patient six months before (case No. 1 Mrs, H.,) I decided to give
Hydrastis canadensis to this patient, in the same dose and strength
as I did to Mrs. H. In 10 days after taking the Hydrastis, she had
a passage without pain, and in three weeks was cured. Has had no
return of her disease. It is one year since she took the remedy.
For fifteen years has drank tea and coffee
Dr. H. B. Clark, of New Bedford, Mass., reports the following
clinical notes on Hydrastis canadensis in constipation:
Case 1.—In August 1865, I was called in consultation in the case of
a lady of 40, who had malignant disease of the ascending colon which
had caused obstinate constipation for a long time, and finally termina-
ted in complete obstruction of the bowel.
At the time I first saw her, there had been no spontaneous action
of the bowels for about two months. Evacuations of small masses of
hardened fæcal matter had been obtained by injections, two or three
times a week. She had taken the usual homeopathic remedies for
constipation, and had taken castor oil, which was vomited.
One drop of Hydrastis canadensis, was followed by a sponta-
neous action of the bowels after 12 hours. Subsequent doses did not
succeed in procuring an evacuation, but they seemed to render the
action of the injections more efficient.
The patient died about four weeks later, without having had
another spontaneous action of the bowels, although a few days before
her death she was subjected to terrible torture by some allopathic
practitioners, who-doubting the existence of the tumor which I had
described, and which a post-mortem examination revealed-tried to
force a passage with cathartic medicines.
582
NEW REMEDIES.
Case 2.-A lady about 20, dark hair and eyes, delicate figure, but
energetic and strong, applied to me in May, 1865, on account of con-
stipation and piles.
She was at the second month of her third pregnancy.
Under
old school treatment she had suffered very much from the same
trouble during her previous pregnancies. She was now only able to
secure a movement of the bowels by an injection. There were severe
pains when at stool; no bleeding.
Gave Nux vomica for four weeks, first in the third, and then in
the first, without success.
Hydrastis canadensis, in two-drop doses at night, relieved
her promptly, and after an occasional use of the medicine for two or
three months, the bowels acquired a regular and natural habit that
lasted until her confinement.
Dr T. B. Brown reports the following case illustrative of its ben-
eficial effects:
"Mrs. H——, age 26; light hair, pale complexion, and of feeble
constitution; has from childhood drank tea; for ten or twelve years
has had attacks of headache with constipation. Three weeks after
the birth of her first and only child, she was attacked while at stool,
with pains and soreness of the rectum and anus; burning smarting
pains very severe, continuing, often six or eight hours after each
stool, with a hot sensation in the bowels, also colic and faintness.
She has only one or two stools a week, very hard and of a natural
color. She has no falling of the rectum or but little pain in that
region, except at the time her bowels move, and for several hours
following.
Her symptoms remained unchanged for two months under the
use of Ignatia, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Nitric acid, warm
water injections, and warm hip baths.
On turning my attention to the new remedies for assistance in
this case, I selected Hydrastis canadensis as being the most appro-
priate. I gave the tincture, having no other form of the remedy at
hand. Three drops in half a glass of cold soft water, one table-spoon-
ful taken every six hours.
In two weeks the pains in the rectum were wholly removed, and
her bowels regulated. Her colic, faintness and heat in the abdomen.
also soon disappeared, leaving her well. It is now one year and six
months since she took the Hydrastis, and as yet no return of her
former symptoms."
Hydrastis is indicated in some forms of dysentery; in mucus
enteritis, when of a catarrhal character, and the inflammation sub-
acute, the Hydrastis at the third dilution will prove curative. In
chronic enteritis, whon the discharges are tenacious, slimy and ac-
companied with tenesmus; or when the fæces are in the form of hard
balls, coated over with yellowish, tough mucus; this medicine will
be of service in the first and second potency. The topical applica-
tion of the remedy must not be forgotten in these cases. Enemas of
Hydrastis will be found useful, and will bring about a cure unaided,
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
583
►
or at any rate materially aid its internal action; when the disease is
located in the rectum, this form of application wiil be found particu-
larly beneficial.
It is certainly indicated in blenorrhea of the intestines-as much
so as the Muriate of Ammonia.
In ulceration of the rectum, occurring after bad cases of dysen-
tery, the local application of Hydrastis will effect prompt cures ; also,
in fissure of the auus. The cerate will be the best preparation in
these cases.
In hemorrhoids this plant has some reputation. Reliable practi-
tioners have assured me that they have cured the most obstinate cases
by the alternate use of Hydrastis and Podophyllum, using enemas of
Hydrastis every night.
In excoriation of the anus, as it occurs in little children, or even
adults, in diarrhoea and dysentery, no better remedy can be advised ;
it should be used in the form of a glycerole.
Urinary Organs.-Second, third and fourth days, calls to urin-
ate more frequent and pressing than common; urine did not appear
to be more abundant. Sometimes the urine smelled decomposed;
when eructating, a little urine would frequently escape into the ure-
thra; dull, aching sensation in the region of the kidneys; dull, heavy
weight in the lumbar region; urine increased from twenty-eight to
sixty ounces per day, and changed from an acid reaction to a neu
tral.”—(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No mention has been made of the
diuretic action of Hydrastis, yet it would seem to have such effect;
it needs confirmation, however, and further provings may clear up the
matter. From analogy, it is more than probable that this medicine
has the same effect upon the mucous membranes of the urinary organs
that it has upon the mouth, nose and fauces, above alluded to. The
resinoid principle of the drug may be eliminated through the kidneys
the same as turpentine, copaiva and others; if so, they would un-
doubtedly cause those blenorrhagic conditions of the bladder, urethra,
etc., for which it has been considered almost a specific.
King, and every other eclectic writer on therapeutics, asserts its
"great value in gleet, chronic gonorrhoea, incipient stricture, sperma-
torrhea, and inflammation and ulceration of the whole internal coat
of the bladder." Many cases of ulceration of the internal coat of
the bladder have been cured by the decoction of Hydrastis alone. It
must be injected into the bladder, and held there as long as they can
conveniently retain it-to be repeated three or four times a day, im-
mediately after emptying the bladder." It may be prepared as fol-
lows; Tincture Hydrastis can., one dram; hot water, one pint;
inject about blood heat. Its internal use alone would undoubtedly
cure the disease, but it would require a longer time. I have cured
cystic blenorrhoea with Copaiva, Chimaphila, and Uva ursi internally.
In gonorrhea, the Hydrastis has some reputation.
Dr. T. B. Brown reports the following case:
584
NEW REMEDIES.
"Mr. J. B., aged 28; blue eyes, light hair and fair complexion;
An unmarried man, who for ten years has been much given to wine
and women. Has had three attacks of epileptic spasms, during the
past four years. Uses freely of tobacco, tea, coffee, beer, and many
times liquor. Has had gonorrhoea three times; was two or three
months in getting cured of each attack. Did not try homoeopathic
treatment in either instance, but used injections and took various
drugs. He called on me to treat him for his fourth gonorrhoea about
six months since. He had been eight days with the disease before I
saw him. His symptoms were about like all such cases, except a feel-
ing of debility and faintness coming on after each passage from his
bowels. He said he called on me "to be cured without injection or
nasty tasting medicines.' I resolved to try Hydrastis canadensis,
for the reason that he complained of faintness after his stools. I
gave him a half ounce vial of the tincture; dose, five drops on a lump
of crust sugar every six hours, I requested him to wash his penis in
warm water morning and evening. In fifteen days he was cured of
his gonorrhoea and faintness.
In gleet it is beneficial, used in the same manner as above recom-
mended. Dr. Hastings, U. S. Marine Hospital, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, reports in the Pacific Journal, his treatment for gonorrhoea.
Patients in the acute stage are freely purged; kept quiet; placed on
half rations for three days; after which they are allowed full diet.
The urethra, from the time of the reception, is injected night and
and morning with a saturated solution of fresh Hydrastis. He is
first directed to urinate, and after the injection to lie on his back for
an hour or so to retain it, After the first purgation, no medicine is
given internally. This treatment allays the chordee and ardor urinæ
immediately, and in the course of a few days the disease is removed.
Dr. H. says that, having used all kinds of treatment, he finds this
produces a quicker cure, with less pain to the patient, than any other.
Dr. Hastings has also applied the Hydrastis as an injection into the
bladder in cystitis. For this purpose the temperature should be
brought to blood heat, and about four ounces thrown in daily. The
pain on micturition is remarkably relieved."
From this crude treatment, we may draw some practical sugges-
tions. We can use the remedy in smaller quantities, with as good
results as have been gained from massive doses. Dr. Coe advises it
to be given internally in small and repeated doses in chronic cystitis.
"In congestion of the ureters, chronic suppression of urine, and grav-
elly affections, also in incontinence of urine and diabetes, it will be
found highly useful." This assertion, with its bad pathology, must
be taken for only what it is worth.
Generative Organs of Men.-It is homoeopathic to chronic
gonorrhoea, gleet, balanitis, balanorrhoea, etc.
spermatorrhoea it is an admirable remedy.
Generative Organs of Women.
provings of Hydrastis upon women.
For the debility after
(See urinary organs.)
We regret that we have no
But the clinical experience re-
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
585
lative to its use in some disordered states of the reproductive organs,
are extensive. From its peculiar, specific action on the other mucous
tissues, we should consider it homoeopathic to conditions marked by
abnormal secretions, such as uterine and vaginal catarrh, or mucous
leucorrhaa (which according to Tyler Smith is a hyper-secretion of
the glandular portion of the cervix uteri). In this form of leucor.
rhoea tho discharge is tenacious, sometimes hanging from the os, in
a long viscid string. It should also be useful in in epithelial abra-
sion of the os and cervix uteri, and vagina, especially when superfi-
cial ulceration is present. When these conditions are accompanied
with considerable debility and disorder of the digestive functions, I
have found the Hydrastis one of the best of medicines. It should be
given internally, in the lower attenuations, and used as an injection,
of about the strength of one dram of the tincture to one pint or quart
of water. The enema should be retained five minutes, repeated twice
or three times a day.
The following eclectic testimony may not be inappropriate in this
place: "It is of singular efficacy in leucorrhoea when the complaint
is complicated with hepatic aberration."-(Dr. Coe.)
"In those sympathetic affections of the digestive organs, arising
from uterine diseases, we have obtained more benefit from it than
from any other agent. Not only does it exercise a tonic influence
upon the digestive organs, but if there is one agent more than another
that deserves the name of uterine tonic, we believe that this is the
agent. As a vaginal injection in leucorrhoea or inflammation of the
cervix uteri, it has no superior."—(Dr. Scudder.)
Dr. H, M. Saxton writes me that he has used it very successfully
in various forms of leucorrhoea. Very many other practitioners of
our school consider it indicated in this class of affections, not from any
special affinity for the generative organs, but by its general sphere of
action, both as a restorative, and from its power to influence the con-
ditions of mucous membranes.
Dr. Logan, of Ottawa, C. W., reports of the use of Hydrastis can.,
in cancer of the right mamma:
The patient was over 60 years of age, poor and badly provided
for, had been suffering for many months. With the exception of a
small part of the circumference, the gland was destroyed. The edges
presented a ragged appearance, irregular cones seen through the ul-
cerative surface. Being averse to an operation, it occurred to me
that I should try the Hydrastis, not with the object of restoring the
gland, but to ascertain, if possible, the effect of the drug on the ulcer-
ative process. Gave Hydrastis 1st, three times a day, (ten drops.)
and applied the dry powder (spread over a slippery elm poultice) to
the diseased part. At first it produced some pain, but in a few days
the burning pain-formerly a constant attendant-was entirely
gone. Healthy granulations made their appearance, and the healing
process was going on favorably. Unfortunately the patient was not
in a condition to have proper care and nourishment, and, in conse-
quence, was sent to the hospital, which is under the charge of the
opposite school, so I am unable to say what the result might have
586
NEW REMEDIES.
been. I am inclined to attach some value to this remedy in open
cancer."
The testimony of Dr. Hastings, relative to the efficacy of Hydras-
tis in cancers, is not so favorable, He says:* Having for some con-
siderable time used Hydrastis in cancer cases, I think I may with-
out any presumption make some remarks thereon. I have now for
upwards of 18 months prescribed it in about 20 cases of cancers, viz :
Cancers of the tongue, breast, lip, hand, etc., in a variety of forms,
from high to low dilutions; applied it externally, as Dr. Pattison does,
and even by his directions, having twice sent patients for his advice,
and I regret to say in no single instance has it effected a cure, nor
even appeared to check the disease. * * In one or two cases it
did seem at first to have some power of arresting the disease, but this
was of short duration.
* It is no doubt a powerful medicine,
but whether it will cure cancer in any of its stages, is very question-
able, at least according to my experience of it.
*
This was written in 1860, and if Dr. Hastings had found it useful,
he would most probably have informed the profession.
Catarrhal Symptoms.-Dull, frontal headache, with frequent
coryza and constant secretion of tears; nose very much [stuffed up;
constant tickling of the larynx, with a dry, harsh cough; chilliness;
aching of the back and limbs; eyes smart and burn; scraping sensa-
tion in the larynx; constant, rough, hacking cough.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Although our eclectic colleagues rec
ommend it in "all chronic, and even acute inflammations of mucous
membranes," yet they make no mention of its use in catarrh of the
air passages. The above pathogenetic symptoms point directly to its
effects on the respiratory tract. It causes many notable catarrhal
symptoms. I would recommend it, theoretically, in acute catarrhs-
nasal, laryngeal and bronchial, (in the 6th dilution,) also in chronic
catarrhs of those passages. It is homoeopathic when the discharge is
thick, yellowish, very tenacious, "stringy," and profuse. In these
cases the low attenuations should be used, aided when practicable, by
the topical application in the form of injection, In the bronchial ca-
tarrh of old people, with debility, loss of appetite, cachectic condi-
tions, it should prove very useful.
Dr. Small reports the case of a child affected with a chronic
catarrhal cough, accompanied with febrile paroxysms in the evening
and night, with debility. The cough was rough, harsh and rattling,
and continued day and night. After using many medicines with but
little benefit, he gave Hydrastis 2d, and the cough and fever both
disappeared in a few days. Under its continuance the child gained
appetite and strength.
Back and Neck.-Great soreness and harshness of the muscles
of the neck. Flushes of heat on the face, neck and hands.
* British Journal of Homœopathy, volume 18, page 316.
!
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
587
Back and Upper Extremities.-Aching in the lower region ;
weariness in the arms. “Crick” in the right elbow-also in the pha-
langes of the left hand on waking at night and quite painful. Sharp
cutting pains in the elbows and biceps muscles, with a feeling of con-
tusion, lameness; slight rheumatic pains in elbows, forearms, right
shoulder, and first finger of left hand. Eruption on hands. (See
"Skin.")
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-I once treated a lady, during her cli-
macteric period, whose chief complaint was an intense aching pain
in the small of the back. This pain sometimes changed to a burning.
The profuse menses were lessened by Platina; the nervous symp-
toms by Lachesis and Pulsatilla, but neither these nor Sepia relieved
the pain in her back. Upon the recommendation of a nurse she drank
a decoction of Hydrastis, with the effect of removing the back-ache
in a few days. The cure seemed permanent.
Lower Extremities.-Legs feel very weak and ache; pain in the
small of the back; severe pain in the right knee, lasting all day, and
much aggravated by walking; dull aching in the loins. Pain in the
sole of the left foot for an hour or two; could not relieve it changing
position. Aching in sole of left foot, for an hour.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In irritable ulcers on the legs, this
medicine may be used in the form of a very weak wash, also inter-
nally. In indolent ulcers, a stronger preparation, even the pure tinc-
ture would be more useful.
Dr. Eadon, of Banbury, England, reports the following cases of
scrofulous ulcers of the leg:
"John K., Friends' school, Oxford, England, a young gentleman
aged 18, had suffered long from scrofulous ulcers on the ankle and
foot. When first seen, the cachectic diathesis was strongly visible,
and consumption appeared imminent. He had three ulcers, all dis-
charging pus and sanious matter, one in the hollow of the sole of the
foot, the other two over the tarsal and metatarsal bones. The patient
was ordered Hydrastis three times a day; and the ulcers, being
well cleansed, were dressed with cloths dipped in Hydrastis lotion
and changed as often as needful. This was the sole treatment, except
an occasional Sulphur powder as an inter-current remedy. At once,
improvement set in; the appetite returned, a ruddy hue again man-
tled the cheeks, the melancholy look took to itself wings and flew
away; hope resumed her station at the helm of his ship of life, and
in due time, directed it safely to the harbor of health. The ulcers
gradually healed up, the stick was thrown aside, and in three or four
months the patient was well. The other day, Dec. 16th, 1864, I met
with him at the railway station on his way to Oxford, without a stick,
and in the enjoyment of perfect health.
*
Case 2d.-A lady aged about 70, had that kind of sore leg pecu-
liar to the sex, in middle and in advanced life. The appearance was
588
NEW REMEDIES.
bright effloresence from the patella to the bend of the foot; scaly ;
skin slightly broken here and there, with a little serous moisture,
having in some places a jagged and cracked appearance. Hydrastis
lotion was applied by means of bandages and oil skin, and the same
taken as medicine. Being the first trial of homoeopathy this case had
its anxieties. The improvement was not so marked at first, but still
encouraging. The treatment was continued, reducing the inflamma-
tion and alleviating the intolerable itching. Still the dryness and
fissure-like appearance continued in certain parts. A glycerole of
Hydrastis was now ordered. A softness of the skin at once super-
vened, the roseate hue faded away, the cracks vanished, the skin as-
sumed its natural color and the legs became well."
Dr. Gilchrist, of Philadelphia, reports two cases of ulcers of the
legs, cured by Hydrastis:
Case 1. "Oct. 23, 1865.-Commenced treating J. B. Mill, operative,
aged 35, habits moderately temperate; has three large ulcers on the
leg, each one of which seems to belong to a separate class. They are
situated around the ankle, and have existed for upwards of two
months. The one in front is circular, high elevated edges slightly
rounded, irregular base, inflamed skin around it, bleeds readily, and
discharges a thin corrosive ichor. The one on the outside is circular,
clean, sharp-cut edges, deep, smooth shiping base, but with an ichor-
ous discharge. The inside one is the largest, it is ragged and irregu-
lar, very deep, rough base, high rounded and swollen edges at the
upper edge, sharp and well defined at the lower; has a discharge of
greyish, putrid, rather thick pus, and has one or two patches of large,
flabby, pale granulations. These sores are all on the right leg, around
the ankle, and increase in size from one (1) to two and a half (21)
inches in diameter, the one in front being the smallest, and the inside
one the largest. The skin between the sores, and for some distance
both above and below, is much inflamed; pain on motion of the ankle,
from heat, and from the warmth of the bed; on stepping on the
ground with that foot, there is a pricking sensation in the sores, and
on sitting down to rest after motion, there is a shooting or lancinating
pain in the ulcers.
Tried a great number of remedies at various times, but with no
very gratifying results. At last determined to try Hydrastis cana-
densis, as it had cured an inflamed ulcer in a case a day or
two before. Ordered a handful of the root to be put into about three
tea-cups-full of water, and after it had assumed the proper color, (one
or two days,) to dip pieces of soft linen into it, and apply them to the
sores. This was done, and from the very first application, improve-
ment was apparent. This was on December 15th, 1865.
To-day the sores are entirely closed, with a thin horny scale over
the old site, which is peeling off; but the Hydrastis has caused the
appearance of an eruption, which I can hardly describe. It is an
eruption of pimples, cone-shaped, which on the top look bloody, or as if
the skin had been rubbed off; they appear on a deeply inflamed integ-
ument, are smarting and itching; cold water or cold applications
allay this.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
58
I have seen an almost identical eruption on the persons of those
who work on the salt pans in the West Indies. On suspending the
use of the Hydrastis, this will disappear, only to be reproduced on
its use.
January 4th, 1866.-Have not used the remedy since December
30th, and to-day I find the ulcers entirely closed, skin natural, and
no signs of the eruption."
Case 2-" Miss Rachel L, æt. 22. This woman I suspect of
being, in common with the rest of the family, tainted with syphilis, but
can get no positive answer on this point; they all admit that she has
taken a great quantity of mercury in her time, and her troubles may
be owing to that. At all events, every injury produces an ulcer that
is long in healing and painful. Saw her to-day for the first time,
and find two large ulcers, produced by striking the leg on the corner
of a box. The sores are on both legs, however-two on the right and
one on the left; they are angry looking, superficial, dry, covered with
a yellowish scab, and are the seat of a stinging or a sting-burning
pain; pains intolerable at night, in bed, and from warmth; aggravated
also by pressure, or contact with anything; the surrounding integu-
ment was inflamed, and covered with pimples, which, in former at-
tacks had been converted into ulcers. Walking also greatly aggra-
vated the pains; the edges were elevated, ragged and thick; and, as
said before, not a drop of pus was discharged through the whole
time of the treatment: at times there was a faint fœtid odor noticea-
ble; I could not discover that it was constant. To make the picture
as complete as possible, it may be well to state that the woman was
tall, of dark complexion, black hair and eyes, melancholy disposi-
tion in general, but at times choleric, when her anger was dreadful.
I prescribed at different times Aconite, Chamomilla, China, Nitric
acid, and Mercurius, and also a petroleum cerate, that has been much
in use in this section among "homeopathicians!" but nothing seemed
to afford any relief; Arnica and Conium mac., were used also, but
effected nothing. Finally, I procured a small handful of the dried
and pressed root of Hydrastis can, and prepared it for use by allow-
ing it to stand some hours in a vessel containing about half-a-pint of
distilled water; the liquid was poured off, and the sore kept wet by
applying a pledget of lint soaked with the fluid, In four days the
sores were well, but the pain was still present! One powder of
Chamomilla, 6th, in water, taken at four hour intervals, removed
the pain, and a perfect cure was the result. Not having at that time
any of the drug in attenuation, I do not know what effect it might
have had internally; but am inclined to think it would have been cured
without the subsequent use of Chamomilla,
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
(Blue Flag.)
ANALOGUES. Antimonium crudum, Arsenicum, Colchicum,
Eupatorium perfoliatum, Euphorbia corollata, Ipecacuanha, Juglans
cinerea, Leptandria, Mercurius, Pulsatilla, Podophyllum, Phytolacca,
Sanguinaria, Veratrum album.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Iris versicolor is an indigenous
plant, with a fleshy, horizontal, fibrous root or rhizoma. The stem is
two or three feet in height, terete, flexuous, round on one side, acute
on the other, and frequently branched. The leaves are about a foot
long, half an inch to an inch wide, ensiform, striated, erect and
sheathing at the base. Bracts scarious. The flowers are from two
to six in number, generally blue or purple; ovary, obtusely three-
cornered; peduncles are of different lengths, and flattened on the in-
side; sepals, spatulate, beardless, the border purple, and the claw
variegated with green, yellow, and white, and veined with purple.
Petals erect, varying from spatulate to lanceolate, usually paler than
the outer, entire or emarginate. Stigmas, three, petaloid, purple or
violet, bifid, crenate, and more or less reflexed at the point. Stamens,
three, concealed under the stigmas, with oblong, linear anthers. Cap-
sules, three-celled, three-valved, and when ripe, oblong, turgid, three-
sided, with rounded angles.
There are several species of Iris, as I. virginica, I. lacustris,
etc., which probably possess similar qualities, and which are often
collected and mixed with the officinal article.
HISTORY.-Blue flag is common throughout the United States,
growing in moist places, and presenting blue or purple flowers from
May to July. The root is the officinal part; in appearance it very
much resembles that of the Acorus calamus; it has a peculiar odor,
augmented by rubbing or pulverising, and a disagreeable taste with
considerable acridity. Its active properties are taken up by boiling
water, in infusion, and by alcohol or ether; and its acridity, as well
as its medicinal virtues, are diminished by age. The fresh root,
sliced transversely, dried in an atmosphere not exceeding 103° F.
pulverised, and then placed in darkened and well-closed vessels to
protect it from the action of light and air, will have its medicinal
virtues preserved for a great length of time. It contains mucilage,
oil and resin, from the former of which it derives diuretic properties
by decoction. The resin is of a light brown color, of a faint odor,
and of a taste resembling that of the root. When perfectly freed
from oil it is of a whitish yellow color. Dr. Garnsey thinks its med-
icinal properties are greatest when gathered in the Spring. The oil
has the taste and smell of the root, in a high degree, and is the prin-
ciple to which it owes its medicinal activity; the oleo-resin is obtained
for medical purposes under the names of Iridin and Irisin.
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
591
Officinal PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the fresh root, triturations
of the dried root; Iridin and its triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-It is probable that its employment as a rem-
edial agent, was first suggested to the profession by the Indians, who,
it is said, value it as one of their most powerful medicines. Indeed,
so important a place does it hold in their estimation, that a traveler
among the tribes in Georgia and Florida, mentions having seen an
artificial pond in almost every village, covered with a luxuriant
growth of the Iris, and which was constructed especially for its cul-
tivation. In times of prevailing sickness, they would partake freely
of a decoction of the root, which, together with prayer and fasting,
they consider an efficient guard against an attack of the epidemic.
In allopathic practice, it has been considered useful in dropsical af-
fections, on account of its power as a diuretic; but it is more espe-
cially mentioned in the books as a cathartic and emetic, and is highly
spoken of by some physicians for the promptness and certainty of its
action in the direction its classification indicates. Dr. Bigelow states
that he has found it efficacious as a purgative, though inconvenient
from the distressing nausea and prostration it is apt to occasion.
DR. WM. A. BURT'S PROVING WITII IRIS.
May 15th.-Took three grains of the green root at 3 r. M.; the
acrid property was strongly marked; back part of the mouth and
fauces felt on fire all the afternoon, with profuse flow of saliva.
8 p.
M.-took three more grains; slept well, but had a discharge of semen,
with amorous dreams, something I am not accustomed to.
May 16th.-Mouth and tongue feel as though they had been
scalded; natural stools; anus feels sore, or as if sharp points were
sticking in the parts. 8 A. M.-took ten grains; so acrid that it was
with difficulty that I could get my breath; constant discharge of ropy
saliva dropped from my mouth during conversation; constant distress
in the anus, feeling as if it were prolapsed. 1 P. M.-took twenty
grains of the dried root; no acridness to it, great distress in the
stomach half an hour after taking it; lasted two hours; no other
symptoms.
May 17th.-Took thirty drops of a poor tincture; no symptoms
except that the next morning I awoke feeling very irritable.
May 18th.-Took forty grains of the green root; fifteen minutes
after, profuse flow of saliva and tears; mouth and stomach feel on
fire; almost impossible to breathe, it is so acrid; one-half hour of
great pain and distress in the stomach; it is awful to bear; contin-
ued all the afternoon and evening; it is not a sharp pain, but an aw-
ful, burning distress; appears to be deep in the region of the pan-
creas; cold water does not touch it; [profuse flow of saliva all day;
592
NEW REMEDIES.
constant eructations of tasteless gas; sleep; very restless all night,
with bad dreams.
May 19th.—Awoke at 4 a. M., with great rumbling and distress
in the umbilical and hypogastric regions, and with great desire for
stool, followed immediately by a copious, thin, watery stool, which
could not be retained a moment without much pain; mouth feels
as if it had been scalded, tongue thick and rough. 8 A. M.-another
thin watery stool, with great rumbling in the bowels; no appetite,
loss of taste. 11 A. M.-took forty grains: acridness not felt so much.
1 P. M.-in great distress in the epigastric region; the distress is
horrible to endure; profuse flow of saliva. 2:30 P. M.-the distress
in the epigastric region is still increasing; very restless, cannot be
still one moment; think I cannot live; very much frightened; copi-
ous discharge of thin water from the bowels, but no abatement of the
awful agony in the epigastric region; inhaled chloroform, which gave
a little relief. 3:15 P. м.—another large stool of water, tinged with
bile; the water ran from the bowels in a continuous stream; nearly
two quarts of water passed; there was great rumbling in the bowels,
but no pain; this gave great relief; felt quite well at bed-time; sleep
very restless; amorous dreams with discharges of semen.
May 20th.-Very irritable through the day; otherwise quite
well.
I had constant eructations of tasteless gas during the whole period.
June 9th.-Took fifty grains of the green root, chewed it, and
swallowed the juice at 11:30 A. M.; immediately a great burning dis-
tress in the epigastric region, but not mnch in the mouth; profuse
flow of saliva; the burning pain in the stomach is awful; cold water
does not seem to reach it. 2:30 P. M.-large, yellow, papescent stool;
with great rumbling and no pain; five minutes more, another large,
watery stool; the burning in the pancreas (?) is fearful to endure; con-
stant rumbling in the bowels, but no sharp pains. 2:45 P. M.-another
watery stool with colicky pains in the epigastric region; flow of sal-
iva abating. 5:30 P. M-there has been severe colic in the epigas-
tric and umbilical region for the last two hours; every few moments
copious watery stool, with great rumbling in the bowels. 6 P. M.-
great pain and distress in the bowels, followed by a large watery stool,
still the pain continues; begin to feel very faint and exhausted ;
knees weak and trembling. 6:30 P. M.-another watery stool; anus
feels on fire. 7 P. M.-another watery stool, with a disposition to
strain and bear down; great burning in the anus; food rises very
sour. 9 P. M., another watery stool with straining; anus feels on fire;
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
593
becoming very much exhausted I was compelled to retire.
At 4 A.
M., great rumbling in the bowels, with desire for stool; had a profuse
one of a watery nature; followed by great straining, with the passage
of a little mucus. 5 A. M.—another watery stool, followed by great
straining, with the passage of blood and mucus. 5:30 A. M.-another
stool of mucus, streaked with blood, with great tenesmus,
7 A. M.-
stool of water and mucus with great straining; mouth tastes flat;
tougue feels thick. 9 A. M.-another copious stool of water and un-
digested food, with great straining; have become very much ex-
hausted; eyes much sunken in; teeth feel too long, and are very
sore; dull, heavy headache; very hoarse; urine very scanty-deep,
reddish color; stomach very sour; bowels very tender on pressure;
loss of appetite. 10:30 A. M.—another stool of mucus and water,
with great tenesmus, and rumbling in the bowels; dull, heavy head-
ache in the forehead; calves of the legs pain very much when walk-
ing, especially the right; thick, flat taste in the mouth.
12:45 P. M.
-small stool of mucus, with great tenesmus, and rumbling in the
bowels; almost impossible to walk, my limbs are so weak and pain-
ful; for the last six hours the mucous membrane of the anus has
been prolapsed, with great smarting pains. 3 P. M.-another small
stool of mucus, with severe tenesmus; urine very scanty, and burn-
ing when voided; constant eructations of sour gas; flying pains all
through the bowels.
June 10th.-Dull, heavy headache in the frontal region: flat,
thick taste in the mouth; quite hoarse; urine very scanty, red, and
burning the whole length of the urethra for half an hour after void-
ing it; inflammation of the glans penis; it is very much swollen and
red; severe back-ache; teeth all feel sore and elongated.
June 11th.-Feel quite well; little hoarse; inflammation in the
glans penis about gone.
June 13th.-At 4 P. M., natural stools, urine about natural.
June 15th. Very hard, lumpy stool; anus feels prolapsed;
pained all day.
June 16th. Very severe backache, but otherwise well; for two
weeks occasionally, severe shooting pains would pass through my tem-
ples several times a day.
I was surprised that no constipation followed such a long course
of diarrhoea.
DR. BURT'S PROVING WITH IRISIN.
May 26th.—At 11 A. M., took four grains of the first decimal trit-
12 M. dull, heavy headache in the forehead; by spells,
uration.
37.
594
NEW REMEDIES
sharp pains in the temples; tight, constrictive feeling of the scalp;
3:15 P. M.—food rises very sour; 3:30 P. M.—took eight grains; 10
P. M.-soft, papescent stool without pain, but rumbling in the bowels;
dull headache in the frontal region; very restless at night, dreams of
fighting, etc.
May 27th.-Great deal of rumbling in the umbilical and hypo-
gastric regions, with desire for stool; had a soft papescent stool, with-
out pain; flat taste in the mouth; teeth feel elongated and sore; back,
upper and lower molars-dull, heavy, aching pain in them for three
hours; pain in the forehead and left temple; pain in the temple very
sharp by spells; passed water but twice during the day-very red in
color; restless night; discharge of semen, with amorous dreams.
28th.-At
May 28th. At 9 A. M., took ten grains; frequent eructations of
tasteless gas; rumbling all the afternoon in the umbilical region;
pain in the right kidneys-lasted three hours; teeth still feel elong-
ated and sore; great desire to sleep in the day time; fell asleep while
reading; dreamed of dissecting a woman who was hanging up by the
heels in my office; awoke very much frightened; made several at.
tempts to get up to shut the door, but could not; it was a rea
nightmare. 4:30 P. M.-took fourteen grains; soft papescent stool at
9 P. M.; hands hot and dry all day; dreamed of snakes and every-
thing bad; discharge of semen; restless night; teeth still sore.
May 29th.-Took twenty grains at 9 A. M.; hands hot and dry all
day; cannot fix my mind on my studies; constant eructations of
tasteless gas; great diminution of the secretion of urine; made a
very little water morning and night, followed by great burning in the
urethra for half an hour after voiding it; dull, heavy headache in the
forehead and temples; by spells the pains in the temples are very
sharp and shooting; dull, heavy pain in the lumbar region all day;
soft, papescent stool at 2 P. M. At 5 r. м. took thirty grains; rest-
less night; horrid dreams; great rumbling in the bowels all the time;
discharge of semen, with amorous dreams.
May 30th-Mouth tastes flat; tongue coated white; dull, heavy
headache in the forehead and temples; at times the pain in the tem-
ples is very sharp; constant pain in the lumbar region, aggravated
by motion; urine very scanty and high colored; very soft, yellow
stool, with great rumbling in the bowels but no pain.
May 31st.-Took forty grains at 3 A. M. Dull, heavy headache
all day; great pain in the lumbar and sacral regions; almost impos-
sible to walk. 12 M.—took eighteen grains; soft, mushy stool at
evening, with great rumbling, but no pain; restless night; bad dreams.
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
595
June 1st.—Dull, heavy headache; back pains me very severely ;
very much worse by walking. 8 A. M., soft, papescent stool with
great rumbling in the bowels; constant eructation of gas.
June 2d.—Took five grains of the pure Irisin; good deal of pain
in the forehead and temples. 5 P. M.-
5 P. M.-severe colic in the umbilical
region; pains came on every few minutes; lasted two hours; great
rumbling in the bowels; soft, papescent stool in the evening; rest-
less night; dreamed of digging up dead people, and finally fell into
a grave, which awoke me, feeling very much frightened.
June 3d.-Top of the head has just twenty-six pustules on it,
some of them as large as a three-cent piece; the pustule is situated
upon an inflamed base of a rose color; with red streaks running from
one to the other. They contain yellow matter; very tender to the
touch; gradually disappeared in four days. Took ten grains at 4
P. M.; dull, heavy pain in the forehead and temples; great rumbling
in the bowels; very restless night; dreamed of the dead, as usual;
discharge of semen.
June 4th.-Flat taste in the mouth; teeth sore; natural stool;
took 20 grains at 9 A. M.; dull heavy pain in the forehead and tem-
ples; the pain in the temples is very sharp at times; very restless
night; awful dreams of the dead; discharges of semen,
June 5th,—Flat taste in the mouth; headache is very troublesome
to-day; dull, heavy pain in the lumbar region all day. 5 P. M., soft,
papescent stool with pain in the umbilical region; restless night, with
bad dreams; discharge of semen.
June 6th.—Dull, heavy headache; back pains me very much;
had the soft, painless stools, with great rumbling in the bowels ;
increase of urine; urinated eleven times profusely.
June 7th.-Natural stool; back-ache all gone, but voided urine in
large quantities.
June 8th.-Feel well, but pass urine in large quantities; stool
natural.
REMARKS BY DR. BURT.
I would advise allopaths to use Irisin for constipation, if they
must use cathartics to cure it. In the last number of Braithwaite's
Retrospect is a short notice of Irisin. It states that "the effects of
Irisin are very similar to those occasioned by a combination of blue
pill, rhubarb, and aloes. It seldom fails to produce a mild cathar-
sis, with bilious evacuations, and appears to possess the advantages
(1) of not requiring the addition of mercurial, (2) not irritating the
rectum, as aloes is apt to do, (the green root does irritate the rectum
very much;) and (3) it has no astringency and therefore does not
produce subsequent constipation, like rhubarb when given alone.
596
NEW REMEDIES,
(This last statement is correct, constipation does not follow the use of
Iris.) In a sluggish state of the bowels, arising from torpidity of
the liver, or when the stools are pale, particularly as we find them in
the intervals of overt attacks in gouty persons, we have found the
Irisin one of the best aperients, much gentler than Podophyllin, and
more reliable when a slight cholagogue action is required, to be
maintained for a lengthened period."
PROVINGS BY J. G. ROWLAND, M. D.
The following provings, with one or two exceptions, were made
from the tincture prepared in the customary manner. The attenua-
tions used were made on the decimal plan. No. 1 used the third and
first dilutions, and the mother tincture; No. 2 and No. 3, same; and
No. 4, the first trituration.
of
No. 1.-About fifteen minutes after taking the third dilution, an
uneasy feeling was experienced in the scorbiculis cordis, together
with rumbling in the lower part of the abdomen; these symptoms
increased until the lower part of the sternum seemed protruding;
nausea and eructations of wind; dull pain in the right parietal pro-
tuberance, which increases steadily until it becomes a hammering
pain, and so much aggravated by motion, that for the moment it
appears unbearable, but by continual movement it gradually abates,
returning again when at rest; rheumatic pain in the right shoulder,
worse on motion, especially by raising the arm; a disposition to feel
displeased with everything and everybody, which gives place to a
feeling of liveliness and activity, immediately after taking the first
dilution; sneezing; nausea and slight vomiting of watery and
extremely sour fluid; about two hours after, stitch in inferior part
occiput, more on the right than on the left side; severe rheumatic
pain in the whole right arm and right knee joint, worse on motion,
and continuing when at rest; acute and extremely severe boring pain
in right parietal protuberance, causing him to bend down his head;
pain in the left side, as though the ribs were pressing hard upon the
lower portion of the lung; unable to take a long breath, for the pain
in the left lung, which was of a sticking and cutting character; a
short, dry cough, excited by tickling in the larynx; slight toothache
in a warm room; headache, much aggravated by coughing; rumbling
and uneasiness in the stomach, accompanied by diarrhoea, with little
pain; stools lumpy, brown, and very offensive; sweat over the whole
body, particularly in the groin, dry cracked lips; a sharp cutting
pain the urethra, when commencing to urinate. After taking medi-
cine five days, several small vesicles appeared on the right wrist,
which gradually formed into pustules, having a depression in the
¿
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
597
centre; these dried up in the night, leaving crusts, which remained
nine days before disappearing. (The prover thinks it proper to state
he had been attending a severe case of small pox.) Half an hour
after taking nearly half an ounce of the mother tincture, a feeling of
rawness in the throat; general languor; ill-humor; inability to fix
the mind on any subject; when writing mind will wander to other
things; diarrhoea, with colic; nausea, and vomiting of a thin watery
fluid; of an exceedingly sour taste; constant nausea for more than an
hour, and vomiting several times; diarrhoea, with rumbling and cut-
ting in the lower part of the abdomen; heat over the whole body,
then chilliness, with cold hands and feet; head feels very heavy, the
eyes dull, with pain directly over the left superciliary ridge; severe
burning pain in the internal canthus of the right eye; the eye filling
with tears; sensation of fullness of the head; head feels hot, and
face flushed; whenever attempting to laugh a sensation as though a
band were drawn tightly around the forehead; the day after taking the
mother tincture, feeling of sleepiness, with great chilliness, only at all
comfortable when near a hot fire, and even then, cold, chilly sensations
are felt down the back; violent tearing pain in the right hip-joint,
knee and shoulders, very severe, indeed; the most severe only last-
ing about three minutes; vomiting of the sour matter before men-
tioned; and great chilliness over the whole body the whole night,
although abundantly covered; weakness; despondency; thinks he is
going to be very sick, then a disposition to laugh at his fears, which
however, soon return; dreams of suffocation and fire; cutting and
sticking in the urethra when making water, with coldness and itching
over the genitals, the itching being worse on scratching; six dysen-
teric stools during the night, with pain and rumbling in the lower
part of the abdomen; also great lassitude; after these symptoms have
abated, there remains a sore throat and slight headache.
No. 2.-Feeling of weakness and weariness in the lower part of
the back; pain of a dull, aching character, in right hypochondria
when walking; pains in the right, then in the left knee when walk-
ing; feeling of weariness in the back for several days; sharp pain
near outside of left arm, when moving it; swelling of gums on the
inner surface of left side of lower jaw, under the molar teeth; pain
in left hip joint, when walking; redness of the conjunctiva, as if
from cold; for a day or two much fetid flatulence; pain in abdomen
which is relieved by discharge of flatus; sharp pain in first joint of
great toe of right foot, when walking, renewed frequently during the
day; pain in last joint of middle finger of left hand; a number of
598
NEW REMEDIES.
shooting, shifting, and momentary pains in the phalangeal and meta-
carpo-phalangeal articulations, all of these pains coming on more dur-
ing the evening, and being worse on motion; boils on back, face and
hands; pain along posterior part of cristi ilium of the right side
urine more copious; the pain in first joint of great toe occurs, during
walking, for a number of days; pain in left thigh; pulse accelera-
ted; after increasing doses more frequently renewed, empty eructa-
tions and pain in the stomach; unusual restlessness during the night;
sleep disturbed by startings; aching pain in the stomach before
breakfast; pains tensive and sticking in right shoulder during motion
particularly on raising the arm. (This symptom set in soon after
commencing the proving, continued six weeks after discontinuing the
medicine.) Pains in the metacarpal joints of both hands, muscles of
right arm, and pectoralis-major, mostly during motion, and in the
evening awoke two hours earlier than usual, with no disposition to
renew sleep; pain in bowels, going off by discharge of flatus; feeling
of a greasy coating over mouth and tongue, early in the morning;
aching pain in the stomach after drinking cold water; pains through
the day in most all the limbs; urine increased in quantity; tensive
momentary, and constantly recurring pains in all the joints, but
mostly the smaller, which shift rapidly about, mostly in the evening,
that is, from supper to bed-time; pain in abdomen above the crest of
the ilium, both sides; after breakfast a diarrhoeic stool, with subse-
quent pain in the epigastrium; in writing, pains in phalanges of
right hand, and in the end of the index finger of the same hand.
(Observed several weeks after proving.) Pain in left thigh; shoot-
ing, sticking pain in the right foot; continuous sharp pain along the
left side of the first phalanx of middle fingers of right hand; sharp
pains in the middle fingers of left hand succeeded instantly by a sim-
ilar pain in axilla of same side. (Occurring frequently during about
five minutes.) Sudden diarrhoeaic stool after supper; sharp, cutting
pain, frequent in the meta-carpo-phalangeal articulation of thumb of
the right hand; vexed, irritable mood, disposed to find fault. (Prov-
ing No. 2 was made by the same individual, at three different
periods.)
No. 3.-Pulse somewhat accelerated; headache for two days;
the third day he was seized with a peculiar headache; the pain shot,
as he describes it, like an electric shock, from the right temple to
the left part of occiput, and continued for about half an hour; head-
ache with great depression of spirits and general debility; crampy
pains in the right lumbar region in the evening, continuing several
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
599
hours, and causing a sweat to break out; woke up unusually early,
with dry mouth and general depression; headache occurring irregu-
larly several days; observed a pimple on middle finger of left hand;
the next day the inflammation was extended over the hand; the day
after it became more violent, and occasioned great pain, and was
afterwards opened to obtain relief; no pus was found, but it was sub-
sequently formed, and discharged through the opening, which pene-
trated as far as the bone; a fungous growth meanwhile had taken
place around the edges; pain extended from this hand up the arm;
there was much swelling and pains* in the part affected, which had
much the appearance of a malignant boil; there was a disposition to a
similar formation on the index finger but the inflammation subsided
after a time, and finally disappeared; during the proving the urine
was very copious, and had a strong disagreeable odor; restlessness
for five nights in succession; headache with pain in the bowels;
sickness of stomach in the evening, obliging him to lie down; pain
in left side of chest.
No. 4.-Colicky pains during the evening and night, obliging him
to bend forward for relief, and attended with loss of appetite and
great restlessness during the night; this colic continued the next
day, but was immediately removed by a dose of Nux vomica; no ap-
petite the next day; restless at night with troubled dreams; several
pimples on lower extremities and other parts of the body, like mos-
quito bites; constipation several days; languid and feverish in the
afternoon; no disposition to mental or physical exercise; next day
flushed face, fever, drowsiness and loss of appetite; weakness and
languor, with rumbling in the bowels; the morning after, a thin
watery diarrhoea, continuing through the day; debility and loss of
appetite; diarrhoeaic stools the next day, succeeded by pain in the
umbilical region; colic in the afternoon, ceasing at night.
CHARACTERISTIC PECULIARITIES.--The symptoms appear mostly in
the evening and at night. (In myself the symptoms appeared mostly
in the day time.) Pain aggravated by motion; right side most
affected.
PROVING BY WM. H. HOLCOMBE. M. D. OF NEW ORLEANS.
I procured an exceedingly strong mother tincture of the Iris from
my friend Dr. Bailey, who prepared it from the root of the blue flag,
which abounds in the swamps around this city.
I took two or three drops of this tincture, in about a tablespoonful
*The pain in the finger was accompanied by perspiration, although the weather was
cold.
600
NEW REMEDIES.
of water, four times a day. I was in excellent health, every organ
performing its function to perfection. I am of the sanguino-nervous
temperament. I made no change whatever in my diet or habits. I
drink coffee once a day, and use neither liquors nor tobacco.
1st day. No symptoms, but the acrid taste of the plant and a
good deal of hawking and clearing out of the larynx.
2d day. No symptoms but a slight, dull, stupid headache.
3d day. Waked with neuralgic pains in the right side of the face,
darting stitches in two carious teeth. Pain affects especially the
infra-orbital nerve. No appetite at dinner. In the afternoon, severe
colic, first in the right, then in the left flank, with urging to stool.
Very frequent, copious, perfectly limpid urine. Facial neuralgia
passed off. Pleasant night.
4th day. Facial neuralgia, involving the supra and infra-orbital,
and the superior maxillary and the inferior dental nerves; began
after breakfast, with stupid or stunning headache, and lasted several
hours with great severity. Same copious, limpid urine. In the
afternoon a good deal of fetid flatulence; two greenish black stools,
with burning at the anus.
5th. Neuralgia of the same nerve began after breakfast, and con-
tinued with terrible severity for 20 hours. Violent headache, ac-
companied it, and.general malaise. Urine became less frequent, and
quite high colored. Some disposition to stool, with burning at the
anus. I was worn out by fatigue and suffering. I got no relief or
sleep, but by the inhalation of chloroform, and I abandoned the
proving.
6th day. Dull soreness where the neuralgia had been. Violent
call to a second stool by a sensation as if wind were forcibly distend-
ing the rectum. No wind was discharged, but I was relieved after
discharging a little greenish dark matter, attended with severe burn-
ing in the anus.
7th and 8th days, No symptoms but a frequent and painful
hawking (screatus) of a tough mucus from the larynx, and diminish-
ing burning after each stool.
The inference I draw from this fragmentary proving is, that Iris
in small doses, often repeated, acts on the male system, sanguino-
nervous constitution-especially in the morning, especially on the
right side from the right to the left, from above downwards, from
the animal system to the organic system; indicated in the former by
facial neuralgia, and copious limpid urine; in the latter by flatulent
colic and burning tenesmus.
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
601
Dr. Kitchen first recommended Iris as a remedy in neuralgia of
the head and face. This little proving may contribute something
towards the anatomical localization of its curative power.
A friend of mine, of rare biological powers, psychometrized this
medicine for me. It produced in him terrible paroxysms of coughing.
He said it ought to be the best remedy for acute inflammatory bron-
chitis, and for painful menstruations; but as biological provings are
not yet accredited, I will say no more on the subject. Íris has done
me good service in sick headache, neuralgia, bronchitis and dysentery.
DR. SANFORD'S PROVING.
"A lady took two or three one-grain pills of Irisin for several
days, for constipation, and without affording any relief, her bowels
not moving once in the whole time. During two or three days pre-
vious to the attack, she had felt some slight symptoms of the colic
after each pill, but she thought they were 'working' in the bowels
and would soon pass off. They did pass off, but upward instead of
downward. She vomited up several of the pills before she was
relieved of one of the most severe attacks of colic I ever witnessed.
The symptoms were: General appearance of anguish; much pros-
tration, pulse feeble and frequent; expression of great anguish in
the face; much mental depression; frequent and violent efforts to
vomit, resulting, however, in little more than an enormous
discharge of air, which seemed to move off the stomach in very,
great force. There was uterine pain in the umbilical region, passing
in successive shocks, like the efforts of a galvanic battery, upward to
the epigastric region, followed or accompanied by nausea, straining
and belching of wind; there was great commotion and rumbling in
the bowels above the seat of the pain, but little or none below, with
no desire for stool.
EFFECTS UPON ANIMALS.
EXPERIMENTS BY DR. BURT.
June 5th.— Gave a young female cat, weight three and one-fourth
pounds, a decoction of Iris versicolor; at two P. M., five minutes after,
nausea and vomiting of frothy mucus; stares at it as if frightened;
ten minutes after, constant nausea, nothing but mucus vomited. At
quarter after two, lies on the lounge and appears quite natural; gave
half an ounce of tincture, (wasted a little); six minutes after, very
restless, crying fearfully; nausea and vomiting. Twenty minutes
after four, nausea and retching, mewing, eyes half closed, respiration
very rapid, restless. Half past four, mewing and efforts to vomit
lies still thirty-six minutes; running across the floor with efforts to
602
NEW REMEDIES.
Forty-three
Ten minutes
Five, retch-
vomit; mews; saliva runs from her mouth constantly.
minutes after, desperate efforts to vomit, but cannot.
to five, nausea and mewing; saliva running profusely.
ing, throws her head up and mews fearfully; respiration seventy-two
-mouth wide open. Ten minutes after, nausea and moaning. Quar-
ter past five, retching and sneezing; head hangs to the floor. Half-
past five, nausea and vomiting; very restless; mewing; respiration
fifty-six; does not notice anything; mouth wide open and the saliva
running profusely; mews and appears in great distress. Six, the
nausea continues, with great efforts to vomit; saliva runs from the
mouth constantly; groaning and appears in great distress; nose rests
on the floor; mouth wide open. Seven, still sick at the stomach;
saliva runs in great quantities; respiration forty-six; gave half an
ounce more; died in five minutes without a struggle.
POST MORTEM One hour after death :-Pupils dilated; the brain
was not examined; lungs very much congested; the upper lobes
filled with dark, venous blood; heart filled with black blood; stomach
natural color, but very much distended with gas, with a quantity of
meat undigested; pyloric extremity covered with bile, also the duode-
num was covered with bile and watery mucus; the liver is very much
congested, of a black color, bleeds profusely when cut into; gall
bladder half full of bile; the pancreas is very pale; all other organs.
natural.
June 23d.- Gave a female kitten, four months old, at 2 P. M, forty
grains of Irisin; wasted a good deal. Half-past two, profuse flow of
saliva; mouth wide open; wants to lie down all the time; respiration
very rapid; mews constantly. 3 P. M.-mews most fearfully; appears
to be in great pain; rolls from one side to the other; mouth wide
open; great difficulty in breathing; appears to be dying; secretion
of saliva very limited. Quarter-past three, still lying in the same
position, mewing at every breath; mouth filled with froth; walked
two feet, staggered very much; dropped on its side; respiration forty-
eight. Half-past three, tries to walk, but falls; mews at every
breath. 4 P. M.-cannot stand; lies on its side; respiration thirty-
six; mouth open, filled with froth. Quarter-past four, respiration
forty-eight. 5 P. м, gasping for breath; respiration twenty-four; if
spoken to, mews fearfully, but cannot get up; in ten minutes crawled
two feet; went into a spasm, which lasted one minute; the spasms
were in its fore-legs and back; respiration eighteen, pupils dilated.
7 P. M.—on its side, gasping for breath; respiration eighteen; can-
not stand when lifted up; ears and legs cold; mews fearfully by spells,
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
603
as if suffering great pains; kicks and scratches at a fearful rate. At
half past eight appears in great pain; mews at every breath. Half
past nine, went into spasms, the fore-legs and spine; had a watery
passage and died.
AUTOPSY-ten hours after death.-Upper lobes of the lungs very
much congested; heart, auricles and ventricles all filled with dark,
venous blood; liver very much congested, especially the left lobe;
gall bladder half filled with gall; stomach almost ready to burst with
gas; part of the medicine in it; color natural; little food in it; pan-
creas red with blood; more congested than any other organ; the
whole of the intestines are filled with mucus, water and gas; no bile
to be seen; all the other organs natural .
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Nervous, irritable, with prostration of the
whole system; weakness, so that he can hardly stand; nearly all the
symptoms are aggravated by motion. General appearance of anguish.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Nearly all the conditions for which Iris
is applicable are characterized by unusual lassitude, prostration and
lowness of spirits. It is most useful in persons of bilious tempera-
ment, subject to gastric and bilious disorders.
Skin.-Several vesicles on the right wrist, gradually forming into
pustules, which dried up in one night, leaving crusts which remained
nine days; malignant sore, resembling a boil, on the middle finger of
the left hand, forming a cavity reaching to the bone. Pimples resem-
bling mosquito bites, on the body and extremities; small boils on the
back, face and hands.-(Rowland.)
Twenty-six pustules on the scalp, (vertex) some as large as a three
cent piece; the pustules are situated upon a rose-colored, inflamed
base, with red streaks running from one to the other; they were pain-
ful on pressure, and filled with yellow pus.-(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has been highly recommended for
scrofulous affections, and skin diseases. It would seem homoeopathic
to certain pustular eruptions.
Case-reported by Dr. Burt since he made the proving: "A child
aged eight months; the vertex and sides of the head covered with a
thick crust from the exudation of lymph; under the scab it looks red,
and bleeds if the incrustation is disturbed. There are also scabs at
the back of both ears, which look red and bloody. Gave Iris versi-
color, ten drops of the mother tincture in a tumblerful of water, one
teaspoonful three times a day; a cerate of the same remedy to be ap-
plied twice a day; the head to be washed once a day with castile soap.
This one prescription cured it in two weeks. It is now nine weeks
and there is no return of the eruption.”
604
NEW REMEDIES.
Dr. C. Alex Garnsey, of Batavia, Ill., communicates the follow-
ing case illustrating its value in eruptions on the face:
"A little girl from Chicago, here on a visit, was brought to my
office by her father, Scrofulous diathesis. The upper lip, orifices of
the nose, lower part of the face, the chin, covered with herpes pustu-
losis, secreting an offensive and contagious matter, propagating itself
when it touched the inflamed surface from scratching. Iris cerate,
made by myself from the fresh root, with new made butter, without
salt. It was to be applied three times a day; Iris 6th dilution, inter-
nally, three times a day. A complete cure as to external appearance,
inside of fourteen days. The face as smooth and natural as ever,
looking only a little red where the sores were. The father told me
that he was six months under treatment for a similar eruption. It is
my first prescription in such cases, and gives great satisfaction."
Dr. C. Alex. Garnsey also writes:
"I am quite happy to second Dr. Burt, in regard to the remedial
powers of this agent.. It has given me more satisfaction in those ob-
stinate skin diseases, especially in children of strumous habits, than
any other remedy. Since my attention was first called to the Blue
flag, in "New Remedies," I have been in the constant employment
of. it. I never see a case of psora, herpes, or any of the nosological
varieties of skin diseases, but I immediately think of Iris.
My plan in making the cerate, is to stew the green root in fresh
butter, thoroughly worked, free from buttermilk, and without salt. I
object to lard, as it is irritating to sensitive skins. The cerate should
be made fresh at least every Spring. I prepare two strengths. One
strongly impregnated, for old, tough cases, in gross habits; another
milder, for delicate children and infants. I always use the dilutions
internally, in accordance with our time-honored modus operandi, and
prefer to do so some few days before applying the cerate. I will not
burden you with clinical cases, suffice it to say that Iris versicolor is
a remedy which will take its position among our polychrests."
Sleep.-Feeling of drowsiness; sleepiness with chills; unusual
restlessness during the night; waking much earlier than usual; start-
ings during sleep; restless every night; dreams of suffocation and
fire.-(Rowland.)
Very restless at night; bad dreams during the whole proving;
dreams of the dead every night; amorous dreams with nocturnal
emissions, (from Iris v.) Dreams of snakes, of the dead, of dissect-
ing a body; awoke very much frightened; tried to get up and shut
the door, but could not. (This attack resembled nightmare.) Dreams
of fighting; amorous dreams, (from Irisin.)-(Burt.)
Mind. Desponding; low spirits; easily vexed, and put out of
humor; afraid he is going to be very sick, and afterwards laughs at
his fears, which soon return, succeeded by blindness and activity.-
(Rowland.)
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
605
"Very irritable; confusion of mind; dullness of the mental facul-
ties; cannot fix the mind on his studies; fear of death; waking with
fright.-(Burt.) Great mental depression.- (Sanford.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms of mind and sleep
are probably not due to any direct irritation of the brain, but rather
to the disturbing action which the Iris exercises upon the liver and
gastric mucous membrane. The lowness of spirits is an indication
for its use in hepatic disorders, and perhaps in spermatorrhoea; it
would seem particularly applicable to the night cries and "terrors" of
children from intestinal irritation.
Fever, etc.-Sweat, from violent pain in the finger; sweat over
the whole body, but particularly in the groin; heat over the whole
body, followed by chill, with cold hands and feet; desire to be close
to the fire, and even then chills along the back; chills over the whole
body at night, although abundantly covered; feverish during the
pains in the abdomen; pulse accelerated.—(Rowland.)
Dry, hot
skin: hands hot and dry; pulse slightly accelerated, during the
whole proving.-(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is used by eclectic physicians in bil-
ious fevers, as much as the allopath uses calomel; it is considered as
a sort of "vegetable mercury," causing copious bilious evacuations,
salivation, etc. Dr. Kitchen* recommended the Iris versicolor very
highly in typhoid fever. He reports several cases:
Case 1st." A boy, twelve years of age, had typhoid fever.
I
had given a number of remedies without effect. He had fever, mut-
tering delirium; yellow, watery, foetid diarrhoea; involuntary passage
of water and fæces; coated tongue, dry, brown, crusty; edges red;
sordes on the gums and teeth; foul breath, and all the marked symp-
toms of this disease. I gave the Iris, third dilution. It certainly
produced a very marked change, showing its effect, first on the tongue
and bowels, and thence extending its beneficial action to other parts.
It was on the tenth day of the disease when I gave it, and in five
days he was convalescent, although I had no idea that he could pos-
sibly recover; the tongue became moist, diarrhoea eased off, fever
subsided, delirium ceased, and he soon became rational, slept well,
and had a rapid convalescence."
Case 2d. "An old lady aged eighty-three, had fever; stupor ;
black, stinking, involuntary diarrhoea; tongue dry and brown; foetid
breath. Cured (?) in 48 hours."
Case 3d.-"A middle aged woman. Fever; intense headache;
pain in the small of the back; black, dysenteric passages; nausea
and efforts to vomit: cured in four days. (After she took a few doses
she lost all power over her lower extremities; had cramps of the legs,
nausea and some retching.)"
Case 4th.-"A young man, aged fourteen, with an attack of bilious
*N. A. Journal of Homœopathy, Nov. 1851.
606
NEW REMEDIES.
pneumonia; could not retain even a mouthful of water on the stom-
ach; continued easy through the subsequent course of the disease."
The provings here given show Iris to be homoeopathic to all the
above symptoms in each case.
Head.-Dull, heavy headache in the forehead, accompanied by
weakness, nausea and even vomiting, (from Iris); heavy headache in
the forehead and templǝs-at times, sharp, shooting pains in the tem-
ples, (this pain occurred every half hour during the whole proving);
in the forehead and right temple; constrictive feeling in the scalp,
(from Irisin); dull pain in the right parietal protuberance ;-(Burt.)
becoming a hammering pain, aggravated by motion, which if contin-
ued relieves it—but it soon returns when at rest, (see Rhus); severe
pain in the lower part of the occiput, more on the right side; ex-
tremely severe boring pain in the right parietal protuberance, caus-
ing him to bend the head down; headache aggravated by coughing;
sensation of fullness in the head; head and face feel hot; when
attempting to laugh, sensation of constriction around the forehead;
head feels heavy; lancinating pain under the outer extremity of the
right eyebrow; pain shooting from the temple to the left occiput,
compared to an electric shock.-(Rowland.) Violent, stupid or stun-
ning headache with facial neuralgia, several mornings in succession,
with copious, limpid urine.-(Holcombe)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Iris headache occupies generally
the forehead and right side of the head; aggravated by rest, and on
first moving the head, but relieved by continued motion: accompanied
by lowness of spirits, nausea, and even vomiting. Dr. Kitchen, who
published the first clinical experience with this remedy, says of its
use in "sick headache It is the most prompt and effectual rem-
edy I have ever given in this truly annoying malady. The first dose
will arrest the trouble in some patients. I have experienced this
effect in several cases. I have made comparative trials with it and
other remedies, telling my patients to observe, and let me know which
number would relieve them the most speedily. They have invariably
sent for the number attached to Iris, on the attack; this I consider
conclusive respecting this complaint, so that I need not comment on
it further than to recommend it very highly, so far as my experience
goes. Let it be tested by others.'
>>
The Iris has been tested by many homoeopathic physicians, in sick-
headache, and the testimony is generally in its favor; from our knowl-
edge of the sphere of action of the medicine, it would seem most
likely to be indicated in those "sick-headaches" of a gastric or hep-
atic origin. In the purely "nervous sick-headaches," or that variety
arising from congestion, other remedies may prove more useful. This
matter, however, can only be decided by careful observation.
In neuralgia of the head, eyes, etc., Dr. Kitchen recommends the
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
607
Iris: "A lady afflicted at intervals with this most distressing com-
plaint, and who had swallowed the whole allopathic and homoeopathic
Materia Medica, with only partial benefit, has been more relieved by
the Iris than by any remedy I have yet administered to her. It is
usually in the head, temples, eyes, etc., and attended with most dis-
tressing vomitings, of a sweetish mucus; and occasionally, when with
much straining, with a trace of bile. It is the only medicine which
has much control over the stomach, arresting the vomiting in the few
trials I have made with it, very soon, and allaying in some degree the
violent pain in the head, so that I have been asked by her whether I
had not given her morphine. I have been asked the same question
by patients in bowel affections, they frequently going to sleep after its
administration; this is easily accounted for by the cessation of pain,
which is almost invariably followed by sleep."
Dr. Burt, of Lincoln, Ills., one of the provers of this remedy, re-
ports the following cases illustrating its usefulness in eruptions on the
scalp;
"October 6th, was called to see a little boy, aged 18 months. The
little fellow was extremely fleshy. Ever since he was three months
old, has had an eruption all over the scalp and sometimes extending
over the forehead and cheeks. The entire scalp is covered with a
thick, grayish crust, which is quite hard. When removed the surface
beneath is red and glossy, and studded with little pimples. In por-
iions of the scalp the hair is entirely destroyed.
The ears are very
sore and the discharge is so acrid that it irritates the skin wherever
it comes in contact. The cheeks are red, with a scaly appearance,
and he has had a few pustules on his back and arms. His mother
had the itch for six months while nursing the child, which she thinks
is the cause of the discase, and it was, without a doubt. Two allo-
paths have attended the child for the last year; at times it would get
most well, and then it would return as bad as ever. She has become
discouraged and done nothing for the last three weeks. I ordered
the head washed night and morning with castile soap and soft water,
and then an ointment of calomel to be applied with a feather. Gave
internally, one week Sulphur 2d dec., and then Mercurius dulcis 2d,
another week, the remedies to be taken night and morning. This
treatment was continued five weeks, appeared to cure the child, but
the cheeks looked red and unnatural. I did not see the little fellow
for six weeks, when he was brought back to my office as bad as he
was when I first commenced to treat him. I now determined to
give the Iris a trial. The head was to be washed the same as before,
and then a cerate of Iris applied to the whole scalp. Internally, I
gave twenty drops of the tincture of Iris to be put in a tumbler of
water, one teaspoonful to be given him three times a day. In ten
days the mother came and said the eruption was almost gone; con-
tinued the remedy two weeks longer, when, apparently, the cure was
perfect. Whether it will return or not, remains to be seen."
Eyes.-Redness of the conjunctiva, as if from a cold; the eyes
feel dull, with pain over left superciliary ridge; severe burning fain
608
NEW REMEDIES.
in internal canthus, with effusion of tears.-(Rowland.) Eyes sunk
en, with blueness around the eyes.- (Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Kitchen relates that while giving
the Iris to a child for summer complaint, the mother said to him :
Doctor, you have not only relieved the diarrhoea, but you have
cured my child of inflamed eyelids, which it has been troubled
with for some time." He states that he has tried it in several
cases of that affection, and with success. The cases in which it
seemed to be of benefit, were those of simple palpebral inflamma-
tion, apparently arising from a cold-nothing that I could perceive
of a scrofulous taint-they did not adhere in the morning, at least
very slightly.
Ears.-Singing and buzzing in the ears (in a lady-after two
grains of Irisin second, given for bilious diarrhoea, which it cured
after Chamomilla, Pulsatilla and Ipecacuanha had failed.—(Burt.)
Mouth, Fauces, etc.-Greasy feeling over tongue and gums on
rising in the morning; feeling of rawness in the mouth; slight sore-
ness of throat; dry mouth; slight toothache in a warm room; dry,
cracked lips; swelling and soreness of gums, inner part below the
molar teeth of left side.—(Rowland) Back part of mouth and fauces
feels on fire (constant symptom); tongue feels as though it had been
scalded; flat taste in the mouth; constant discharge of saliva—it
dropped from the mouth during conversation; tongue coated white;
diminution of taste; teeth feel sore and elongated; ulcers on the
mucous membrane of the cheeks (Iris); dull, heavy, aching pains
in all the teeth; teeth feel very sore and elongated; severe
pain in the back upper and lower molars, lasting three hours.
(Irisin).—(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The eclectics class this plant among the
"sialagogues." Dr. Burt, who proved the fresh root in large doses,
does not doubt that it would produce sloughing and deep ulceration,
if continued for a long time. There is a rather curious and remarka-
ble similarity between the action of the Iris and that of Mercury;
this is all the more singular, when we consider that the former
is a vegetable remedy; not only does the Iris affect the mouth in a
similar manner to Mercury, but this similarity of action extends
throughout the whole glandular and mucous systems, and perhaps, all
the tissues except the osseous. I have taken patients from off the
hands of eclectic physicians, who were so completely salivated by
the Iris, that were it not for the absence of the peculiar fætor, I
should have taken it for a mercurial salivation. Even the sympa-
thetic fever which the Iris causes, has considerable resemblance to
that of Mercury.
Dr. Coe* thus speaks of the Irisin: "Irisin is justly esteemed as
*Concentrated Organic Medicines.
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
609
one of our most valuable alteratives. It is eminently resolvent, and
exercises a marked influence over the entire glandular system. It
increases the salivary flow, and has the reputation of producing ptyal-
ism. But a careful distinction must be made between the effects
produced by vegetable agencies upon the mucous and salivary glands,
and mercurial salivation; the former are nothing more nor less than
manifestations of a quickened physiological activity-evidence of a
special therapeutic stimulus, constituting oftentimes a critical con-
servative effort-no loosening of the teeth; no sponginess of the
gums; no putrefactive odor; no sloughing of the soft parts; increased
but not disordered secretion. On the other hand, Mercury induces a
pathological condition of the vital constituents of the blood and fluids,
and favors the formation of vitiated products; altering from good to
bad, and from bad to worse; giving rise to congestions, lesions,
putrefactive conversions, and disorganizations of the organic struc-
In the former case we have the evidence of a direct thera-
peutic stimulus, operating upon the vital impressibility of the secre-
tive apparatus, promoting increased activity of the functions for the
purpose of eliminating legitimate products. In the latter instance
we have an augmented flow of morbid material, resulting from the
destructive conversions of the vital constituents by the remedy itself,
and which are not the legitimate products of organic metamorphoses.
In the former case, the remedy itself is the motor-stimulus, while in
the latter instance the mercurial corruptions constitute the stimuli of
excitement."
tures.
To the superficial student of medicine, the above reads very well,
but to the physiologist it becomes simply absurd. Only one conclu-
sion can be drawn, namely, that Dr. Coe is ignorant or dishonest,
Nothing but the gravest ignorance of the elementary facts of physi-
ology and pathology, could lead to such special pleading. He must
be aware that any departure from a normal physiological state, con
stitutes a pathological condition. Given to a person in perfect health,
the Iris causes abnormal activity of the glandular and mucous sys-
tems; Mercury does as much. The main difference between the
actions of the two medicines is in degree. The poisonous effects of
Mercury are all pervading and more malignant than the pathogene-
tic effects of the Iris. Both cause actual pathological conditions,
having their peculiarities and characteristic symptoms. When given
in disease, if homoeopathically indicated, and administered in proper
doses, they both restore the tissues, for which they have an affinity,
to a healthy condition.
If Dr. Coe was dishonest in his statements with the intention to
prejudice the reader against Mercury his conduct degenerates into
downright meanness. Mercury, when administered according to the
law of similia, is a beneficent, and valuable curative agent. When
given in this manner, it never causes any pathogenetic symptons,
gives rise to no morbid products, and disorganizes no tissues or seere-
tions. On the contrary it tends to prevent the very calamities which
Dr. Coe so much dreads, and which he could cause to a certain de-
39
610
NEW REMEDIES.
!
gree, by th abuse and prolonged use of even the Iris. I would
here make an observation relative to the action of Iris, namely it is
not owing to the acridity of the fresh root acting topically, that the
pseudo-mercurial symptoms are due, but to a specific dynamic action
of the drug on the constitution. It is true that the Iris does contain
an acrid principle, but from the fact that the dried root and even the
alkaloid, causes the above-named condition when taken into the stom-
ach, is proof that those effects belong to the whole drug. If this was
not sufficient proof, we could refer the physician to the fact that this
peculiar action may be caused by the dilutions of the remedy, up to
the third, and perhaps higher.
THERAPEUTIC DEDUCTIONS.-It is a strange comment on the prac-
tice of the opposite school, that they should recommend the Iris
highly in mercurial cachexy, syphilis, etc! No drug is more thor-
oughly homoeopathic to diseases of the mouth similar to those caused
by Mercury, and in the few cases in which I have used it, it has acted
well. Even in Mercurial salivation it has been found useful, but it
cannot be relied on with as much confidence as the chlorate of
potash.
In stomatitis, with or without ulceration (canker), when there is
painful burning in the mouth and fauces, Iris is strongly indicated.
In these cases I would advise the tincture of the green root, adminis-
tered in the third or sixth attenuations.
W. H. Burt, M. D., gives the following case of ptyalism, following
diphtheria, cured by Iris versicolor when all other remedies had
failed:
"In a very severe case of salivation in a young lady after she had
been attacked with malignant diphtheria, where the parotid glands
were very much swollen, and the saliva discharged in immense quan-
tities-apparently three quarts a day would be secreted and spit from
the mouth-I gave Mercurius, Aconite, Belladonna, Kali bichroma-
tum, Iodine and Nitric acid. Not one of them had the least effect.
I then gave Iris, and in two hours there commenced to be a change
for the better. In two days the profuse secretion of saliva had en-
tirely ceased, with a great diminution of the glands. The fourth day
she was discharged cured."
Gastric Symptoms.-Loss of appetite; nausea and empty eructa-
tions; nansea, and vomiting of a watery and extremely sour fluid;
constant nausea and vomiting for an hour; aching in the stomach
before breakfast, and on drinking cold water; sickness of the stomach
obliged him to lie down.-(Rowland.)
Eructations of tasteless gas; rising of water, very sour; great
burning distress in the epigastric region; it could not be allayed by
drinking cold water; colic-like pains every few minutes in epigastric
region; intense burning in the region of the pancreas (this was a con-
stant symptom during the whole proving.-(Burt.) Severe and pro-
fuse vomiting; vomiting with much pain in the stomach; distressing
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
611
nausea and vomiting; vomiting and purging; vomiting with
diarrhoea accompanied with great prostration; burning in the mouth,
fauces, and oesophagus. Severe colic pains with vomiting; frequent
and violent efforts to vomit, resulting in but little more than an enor-
mous discharge of air, moving off the stomach with great force. Se-
vere shocks of uterine pain in the umbilical region passing upward to
the epigastric region, accompanied by nausea, straining and belching
of wind; great commotion and rumbling in the bowels, above the seat
of pain, but little or none below, with no desire for stool.-(Sanford.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Iris has probably an irritant
action upon the gastric mucous membrane, as seen upon the mouth,
fauces and oesophagus. By referring to Dr. Burt's heroic provings,
this action will be seen portrayed in strong colors. I know of no one
of the new remedies which promise to be more useful in gastric disor-
ders, than the Iris versicolor. Even now we have some valuable
clinical observations.
Dr. Kitchen in his paper on Iris, says it is useful in vomiting:
“Effectual in almost all kinds-simple sour, bilious, of food, with or
without pain. In every case of vomiting or sick stomach in which I
have yet given it, has been successful, and in severe cases on the
administration of a few tea-spoonfuls. Such has been my experience.
thus far, but I would not be understood as saying that this will always
be the case in future. No doubt it, like all other remedies, has its
appropriate sphere, which it will take time and opportunity to make
out and define correctly. I merely state what I have discovered up
to the present, with the limited opportunities I have had of testing it
in different forms of the disease. I have for some years attended
a little girl, now about nine years of age, who has periodical vomiting
spells, coming on once every month or six weeks, sometimes not for
four months, but certainly three or four times in the course of a year.
I have tried in various attacks all the different remedies usually suc-
cessful in such cases, but not with much benefit; the attack would
last two or three days, and would seem to wear itself out. A single
teaspoonful of the Iris arrests it at once. It comes on with vomiting
of the ingesta, then sour fluid, and at last, bile, yellow and green,
with great heat of the head, some general fever, and great prostra-
tion; the perspiration is warm, caused by the efforts of straining and
vomiting."
The Iris is eminently homoeopathic to some varieties of gastritis,
(mucous), esophagitis, duodenitis, and many of those disorders of
digestion which go under the general name of dyspepsia. In many
points it resembles Pulsatilla, especially the tendency to "acidity of
the stomach," and "rising of ingesta; " also the sympathetic distur-
bances having a gastric origin. The peculiar and severe symptoms
elicited by Dr. Burt, and referred by him to the pancreas (see prov-
ing,) and which, in all probability, were really in the gland, point to
its applicability to inflammation, and other disorders of that important
612
NEW REMEDIES,
organ. In that disease known as "Pancreatic salivation" it ought
to prove specific. A thorough knowledge of the physiology of
the pancreas will lead us to define pretty clearly the derangements
likely to be caused by the Iris. The pancreas is usually regarded as
belonging to the group of salivary glands. "The pancreatic juice is
analagous to saliva. It acts upon starch even more energetically
than saliva, transmuting it into sugar and lactic acid; and upon fats,
by forming them into an emulsion, so that they are readily absorbed."
-(Draper.)
It is generally conceded that a normal pancreatic juice (as regards
quality and quantity, is necessary for the digestion of fatty food.
Many of the derangements of digestion, are undoubtedly due to
deficiency, and unhealthy conditions of this juice. There can be no
rational doubt of the action of Iris upon this gland. Even had we
not Dr. Burt's suggestive provings, we could judge of its effects upon
that gland from analogy. A remedy which irritates and stimulates
the salivary glands, must have a similar action on the pancreas-a
similar tissue, possessing similar functions.-(Pulsatilla, Mercurius,
Iodine, Podophyllum.)
Prof. Lee (allopath) says: "It acts as a stimulant to the liver and
pancreas." Our list of pancreatic remedies are five in number, and
the symptoms they possess, directly referring to that gland are quite
indefinite. The Iris promises to prove very valuable for the
removal of morbid states, induced, directly or indirectly, by func-
tional diseases of that organ. Dr. Burt succeeded in killing several
cats with the tincture of Iris versicolor. One of the most noted
morbid appearances noticed on examination was a highly congested
condition of the pancreas. A portion of one pancreas was sent,
through me, to Dr. Ludlam of this city, who subjected it to a critical
examination, which proved the presence of intense congestion of the
minute vessels, and even a rupture, and extravasation of blood into
the tissues of the gland.
Dr. "Kitchen says he cured a case of gastrodynia characterized
by violent pains in the epigastric region, coming on at intervals '
The Iris relieved him atonce, and he had no return. He
has also relieved and cured, "vomiting of food an hour after
meals," with Iris.
Dr. Sanford* reports a severe case of gastrodynia, presenting
symptoms nearly identical with his fragmentary proving. (See prov-
ing.) Dose: six drops of the tincture in half a glass of water, a tea-
spoonful every ten minutes until improvement set in.
Liver, Hypochondria, etc.-Pain in the right hypochondria—
worse on motion; pain above the cristi ili on both sides, first on the
right; crampy pains in the right lumbar region.-(Rowland.)
Cutting pains in the region of the liver.—(Kitchen.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Prof. Lee (allopathic) says, the Iris
stimulates the liver.
'New England Medical Gazette. Vol. I, p. 222.
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
613
A writer in the London Lancet, asserts the Irisin to be a power-
ful and efficient cholagogue.
King intimates that it acts upon the liver in a manner similar to
the mercurial preparations; not as active as Podophyllin but more
lasting. The opposite school believe it stimulates the liver, increas-
ing the secretion and excretion of the bile, by virtue of its general
stimulative action on the glandular system.
Dr. Kitchen (homoeopathic) says: "May it not be administered
beneficially in some affections of the liver? It undoubtedly acts on
this organ. I have had full evidence of that in several cases, pro-
ucing a manifest secretion of healthy bile."
Abdomen, Stool, etc.-Uneasy feeling in the scrobiculis cordis ;
rumbling in lower part of abdomen; lower part of sternum seems
protuded; cutting pain in the lower part of the abdomen, relieved by
discharge of flatus; colic, obliging him to bend forward for relief;
fœtid flatulence; diarrhea with slight pain, accompanied by rumbling
and uneasiness in the stomach; stools lumpy, brown, and very offen-
sive; diarrhea with colic-like pains; diarrhoea with rumbling and
cutting in the lower part of the abdomen; six dysenteric stools at
night, with rumbling and pain in abdomen, and great lassitude; sud-
den liquid evacuation after supper; constipation for some time, suc-
ceeded by thin watery diarrhoea.-(Rowland.)
Colic-like pains every few minutes in the epigastric and umbilical
regions, with desire for stool; (during the whole proving-four yellow
papescent stools, with rumbling in the bowels; fourteen thin watery
stools, followed by two stools consisting of water and mucus, with ten-
esmus); watery stool, copious running from the bowels in a continu-
ous stream; stool tinged with green; stool of undigested food; stool
of blood and mucus, with great tenesmus, and a sensation as if the
anus was on fire; anus feels as if sharp points were sticking in it;
mucous membrane of the rectum prolapsed; great smarting and burn-
ing of anus after every stool.-(Dr. Burt from Iris.) Swelling of
the stomach and abdomen.-(Kitchen.) [The Irisin produced severe,
intermittent colic in umbilical region, with soft, mushy stool; also
soft papescent, stools, with rumbling, but no ain.]
.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Iris is esteemed by the opposite
schools as a powerful cathartic, but one which, they assert, does not
leave constipation after its cathartic action, Dr. Burt sustains this
assertion by the results of his own proving of massive doses. Prof.
Lee says: "As a cathartic it is said to act on all parts of the canal,
but more particularly on the upper portion. It has been rejected by
some as unsafe and dangerous, but it was probably administered in
over doses." Iris undoubtedly causes bilious discharges from the
bowels. Dr. Burt thinks he has seen evacuations of pure bile follow
614
NEW REMEDIES.
its use. The burning and smarting, however, at the anus and rectum,
noticed in the proving, is rather the result of its acridity, than the
effect of bilious fluids; the sensations in the rectum are probably
due to the same cause as the burning in the mouth and fauces. Re-
garding its therapeutic action we cannot do better than quote Dr.
Kitchen's experience:
Colic." Some cases I have relieved. The colic of infants is ben-
efitted by it. There is a peculiar condition of the abdominal region
of the adult also, which may come under this head, and which may be
termed a grumbling bellyache. It is most prevalent at the changes
of the seasons, Spring and Autumn, and appears to be owing to a
vitiated secretion of the liver, and mucous membrane of the bowels,
and consists in almost constant uneasiness and grinding in the bow-
els; a kind of sub-colic; a mushy passage once or twice a day, in
some cases, but in the generality of cases, a very fœtid discharge of
wind, of a coppery smell, attended occasionally with an involuntary
escape of fluid, soiling the shirt, and sometimes a passage of scy bal-
ous matter, together with fluid mucoid fœces of an offensive, putrid,
and coppery odor. It was a case of this kind which first led me to
a use of this remedy. I had tried several medicines without the
least relief, for nearly a week, and administered the Iris at random,
never having given it in any disease. To my surprise the patient
was shortly relieved, and had no return; his bowels soon became
healthy and regular, and he praised the good effects of the remedy
very highly. The sphere of the Iris appears to be chiefly the stom-
ach and abdominal contents.
Diarrhea." I have not been able to obtain with any degree of
accuracy, the symptoms of those cases in which it proves to be the
most appropriate. I think, however that burning in the rectum and
anus after a passage, is one state which it will arrest almost im-
mediately. It also seems appropriate to cases in which there are
pains and green discharges, relieving the pains very frequently in a
short time, and changing the green passages after some doses have
been given. There is one very curious feature which I have
frequently observed, which is, that when the diarrhoea is not arrested
after a few doses, it seems, after the administration of it for twenty-
four or forty-eight hours, to produce an aggravation; there is an in-
crease of pain and several free fœtid passages, and then the diarrhea
ceases. This has generally taken place about two or three o'clock in
the morning. Whether I have given it in too low dilutions, generally
from second to sixth, I cannot tell, but such a feature I have fre-
quently observed, and have administered it with perfect success in a
few cases of periodical night diarrhea, attended with pain, and two
or three free discharges before morning. I have also cured all my
cases of cholera infantum with it this summer, and some of them
within a few days. I look upon it as a very valuable addition to our
remedial measures in this complaint.
"In Cholera morbus, I have succeeded in every case in which I
have administered it, even the most violent. A single teaspoonful of
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
615
a few drops in a half tumbler of water, has in many severe cases put
an immediate stop to the vomiting. I consider it a specific in this
form of the disease, and I would earnestly request physicians to try
it in the first cases of Cholera Asiatica, which may fall under their
notice, and give the result to the profession. In cholera morbus it
arrests the pain which is so violent in many cases at the pit of the
stomach, or around the navel, or, in some cases, still lower down in
the abdominal region, at or before every fit of vomiting or purging.
In fact, it seems, as far as I have as yet been able to judge, the more
appropriate the more violent the pain, and in some cases, acting, as
the patients and bystanders express themselves, 'like a charm.'
"C
Dr. C. A. Garnsey says: Within a few days, I have been
called to three cases of cholera morbus. All of these from dietetic
indiscretion. One case of great prostration; blue countenance ;
small, feeble pulse; surface cold and clammy, and drenched in sweat;
had been vomiting for several hours: cured with Iris.
In a
notable case of gastralgia, where the vomitings were greenish,
yellow and mucus. Iris proved my sheet anchor in all these cases.
use the 10th decimal, and when indicated, alternate it with Arseni-
cum, or some other remedy."
Dr. Geo. Lade, of King's Lynn, England, gives us the following
history of a case of Cholera, treated with Irisin : *
“The patient was a married woman, aged 31 years, who at the time
she was attacked was considerably debilitated by over lactation. She
had had more or less looseness of the bowels for two or three days,
but as it gave her little inconvenience, she did not trouble herself
about it until half past four o'clock of the afternoon of the 2d of July,
when suddenly the purging became worse, and she was seized with
vomiting and with cramps in the body and lower limbs. When I
first saw her, about 6 o'clock, P. M., her diarrhoea was profuse and in-
voluntary and the evacuations wholly of a rice-water character; vom-
iting was frequent and severe, and the matter ejected consisted
principally of small, white, flocculent bodies, with portions of undi-
gested food. She complained much of cramp-like pains in the abdo-
men and lumbar region, and less severely of similar pains in the legs;
intense and urgent thirst; difficult breathing. She had the unmis-
takeable choleraic expression of countenance; her face and limbs
were greatly deficient in warmth; her body was also cooler than nat-
ural, and her tongue, which was very slightly furred and bluish,
was icy cold to the touch. She was not able to tell whether or not
the urinary secretion was suppressed. Irisin, 1st dec., was ordered
to be taken every fifteen or twenty minutes, and the body to be
fomented with hot flannel. 8 o'clock P. м. There is decidedly less
cramp, especially of the body, and the other symptoms have slightly
abated. She now expresses a great desire to have some stimulant.
To take two teaspoonfuls of brandy in a little water every twenty
minutes, and the medicine every ten minutes.
* Monthly Hom. Review, August, 1866.
616
NEW REMEDIES.
4:95-Considerable improvement in every respect.
11:20-is
now free from sickness, and her bowels have not moved for upward
an hour. Cramps continue, though they are very slight. Brandy to
be discontinued; to have a little gruel at intervals, and medicine to
be taken every three hours, and after every motion.
July 13th.-9:30 A. м.-Patient had a good deal of cramp in the
limbs, and was very restless during the night; but she has had no
vomiting, and her bowels were undisturbed from about ten o'clock
last night until half an hour ago. Passed a good deal of urine at the
same time. Is to take one more dose of medicine only.
4 P. M.-
continues to improve; thinks" she will do now," and that she only
wants a little more strength to be as well as usual. The further
progress of the case was eminently satisfactory, and fully bore out
the hopeful opinion of herself."
Dr. Lade also reported concerning its use in autumnal diarrhea
and cholera.* He says: "Forty-three patients to whom I gave the
Iris, complained of simple diarrhoea only. The evacuations were in
some instances papescent, but thin watery stools were now frequent-
ly observed; the majority of them were of a dirty yellow hue; some
were brown, others green; and a few were apparently nothing but
water. In all the cases there were more or less griping pains, prin-
cipally in the umbilical region, which, with loud rumbling in the
bowels, generally preceded the discharge. Heat in the rectum and
anus was noticed iu a considerable number, though not in all of the
cases. For the most part the appetite was unimpaired, and in no
case was there any feverish symptoms. Seldom more than three or
four doses, (of Iris 3d or Irisin 1st,) were necessary to check the
disease, and in no case had the medicine to be continued more than
24 hours." Twelve patients had vomiting as well as purging, and
recovered under the same remedy. Three patients had decided chol-
era symptoms. In them the Irisin had prompt and decided curative
effects.
Dysentery.-"Some mild cases I have cured with Iris, but it is
not the remedy in this disease. The cases which seemed to be
benefitted were of the nature of dysenteric diarrhoea, attended with
green discharges, or slimy mucus, without blood, or much straining.
(Dr. Burt's proving elicited these very symptoms, however, and quite
severely.) In one case it evidently acted favorably on the secretion
of the liver, producing a free flow of healthy bile, and an immediate
abatement of the unhealthy passages. In those cases in which there
was bloody flux, I did not rely on it, not knowing sufficient of its
curative powers."
The pathogenesis of Iris versicolor points directly to its
sphere of usefulness in some varieties of dysentery, probably in
bilious dysentery; yet there can be no doubt of the power of Iris to
cause acute mucous enteritis, but the inflammation may be located
higher in the intestinal canal, than in ordinary cases of dysentery.
(Here it appears the opposite of aloes and podophyllum, which affect
Monthly Homœopathic Observer, (England.)
IRIS VERSICOLOR,
617
the lower portion of the canal, rectum, etc.") It will be seen by the
proving, however, that it has many symptoms analogous to Podophyl-
lum-the prolapsus of rectal mucous membrane," "pricking in the
anus," etc. Dr. Kitchen's successful use of Iris in abdominal
typhus, proves its applicability in some quite severe forms of intestinal
inflammation, and perhaps in organic lesions of that canal. (See
Ferri). I would also simply add by way of testimony, that many
homœopathists, with myself have found the Iris a valuable remedy in
nearly every disease of the bowels for which Dr. K. recommends it.
I would also suggest its use in hemorrhoids, bilious colic, fissure of
the anus, fistula in ano, etc.
Dr. J. C. Peterson values the Iris highly in certain forms of
acute dysentery. He says:
"Iris is also another drug that I have resorted to when I find
the patient cold, skin blue, vomiting, with prostration of strength. I
think it exceeds Veratrum album and Arsenicum."
"The most
Dr. Hughes, of England, writes of this remedy:
valuable property of Iris is that to which its powerful emetic and
purgative action points, viz: Its control over acute vomiting and
diarrhæa. The summer diarrhoea of last year was exceedingly se-
vere among young children. When neglected, symptoms of cerebral
exhaustion supervened, which always proved fatal. I lost four cases
from this cause. When taken in time I was always able to cure the
acute symptoms, although the action of China, Veratrum, Mercu-
rius, etc., was not so rapid as with adults similarly affected. As
soon as I began to use the Iris, however, the scene was changed.
The vomiting never failed to stop, even in the worst cases, after the
first dose or two, and the purging soon followed suit.
I gave the
second and third decimal dilutions. If this severe diarrhoea should
recur the next summer, I shall feel inclined to give the Iris alone,
and from the commencement. In English cholera it would probably
be an efficient remedy, and might stand near Veratrum in the list of
remedies against the epidemic cholera itself."
Dr. Garnsey used it in the following cases of severe gastric irri-
tation:
“Miss H.——, recently from the South, has been an invalid for
three years from consecutive attacks of small-pox, typhoid and their
sequelæ. She now has intermittent fever; has had an extremely
severe paroxysm every day for 18 days. Slight chills of short con-
tinuance, then copious vomiting, with unenduring head-, and back-ache
-then fever, and extreme nervousness and restlessness, tossing to
and fro on the bed; the catamenia suppressed. The vomiting was
the most distressing and excessive that I ever witnessed in ague
—of a yellowish, bilious hue, it poured forth in a stream as from a
hose-pipe, a large sized chamber being filled directly. Arsenicum,
Nux, and Ipecac were first tried, with but partial success. After
the administration of Aconite and Arsenicum the attacks were miti-
gated, but the vomiting continued. Having used Iris with good re-
sults in the bilious vomitings attending a case of gastralgia, I turned
"
618
NEW REMEDIES.
to it. It not only acted surprisingly, but with a promptness which
elicited my admiration. Remember, these vomitings had continued
for eighteen consecutive days. So said her mother, an intelligent
woman. After the Iris was used two days, the vomiting ceased.
Arsenicum was continued with the Iris, and Cantharis interpolated
for some urinary complication. The patient resided out two miles.
I saw her again every other day, made just four visits and one office
prescription, and the case was dismissed."
Urinary and Genital Organs.-A sharp cutting pain in urethra
when beginning to urinate; urine copious; strong, disagreeable smell
to the urine; cutting and sticking in the urethra when urinating;
coldness and itching of the genitals.—(Rowland.) Dark red urine,
with burning in the urethra for half an hour; increase in the quanti-
ty of urine; nocturnal emissions with amorous dreams (from Iris);
profuse urination-eleven times a day-for three days; nocturnal
emissions, with amorous dreams for seven consecutive nights; glans
penis much swollen and red, (from Irisin).—(Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Iris seems to have a special affin-
ity for the genito-urinary organs, causing not only irritation, with
increased secretion, but symptoms of inflammation even. Eclectic
physicians have elevated this plant to a high position, as a remedy
for affections of these organs. King says it is a diuretic. He recom-
mends it in dropsy, but advises it to be given until its hydrogogue
effects are obtained. Although such effects will often run off the
dropsical effusion, yet it is unnecessary and injurious. As with the
Apocynum cannabinum, the Iris, if appropriate, will eliminate the
serous fluid through the kidneys, without any action on the bowels.
The dropsies in which Iris will be found curative, will probably be
found, generally, to be hepatic in their origin.
Syphilis.-Not only King, Jones, and other cclectics, but Coc and
Prof. Lee, positively attest that "In syphilis, either primary or
secondary, it acts as a powerful and efficacious agent. In eradicating
the syphilitic virus, and correcting the diathesis of the system, it is
not only powerful but positive, and certain. In the secondary or
tertiary forms of syphilis, after mercury in all its forms of admin-
istration had proven abortive, this agent has restored patients to per-
fect health. A gentleman who had studied medicine, but abandoned
the practice for the ministry, informed us that he had used, and
heard of others prescribing it with entire success in a large number
of syphilitic cases, after the disease had passed into the secondary or
tertiary stages, and often after mercury had been liberally used for a
long time. The dose in which he employed it was one or two fluid
drachms of the tincture, six or eight times daily."* If these recom-
mendations of Iris in that terrible malady, are reliable-and we
have no reason to doubt the veracity of the above named authors-
this remedy would be far preferable to its metallic analogue, Mercury.
* Jones and Scudder's Materia Medica
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
619
The general sphere of action of the Iris, as developed by our prov-
ings, would certainly point to its use in syphilis and gonorrhoea, even
if we had no previous intimation of its use in those diseases. Some
homœopathic author remarks that in no proving of Silicia, Calcarea,
etc., do we get those ulcers, abscesses, etc., for which those reme-
dies are so specific. So it is with Iris. It would be carrying the
provings of this medicine beyond proper bounds to produce the
ulcers and other characteristic symptoms of syphilis, even if it were
possible so to do. Dr. Headland's theory of eliminative action may
explain why Iris, and some other medicines cure syphilis, namely:
by eliminating the virus through the proper glands, thus ridding the
system of the poison-not antidoting it in the system. Neither my
colleagues—so far as I can learn-nor myself, have had any experi-
ence in the use of Iris in syphilitic affections.
In gonorrhoea it would appear by its pathogenesis to be indicated·
I used it in one case with apparent good results. It was given at
the first dilution, five drops four times a day.
"
In seminal emissions, when accompanied by amorous dreams, it is
very appropriate. When consulted in a case of spermatorrhoea, the
first question to be asked is, Do you have amorous dreams, with
emissions? If the answer is in the affirmative, I consider the case
one of irritation, and should treat it with Phosphorus, Cantharis,
Cannabis, Pulsatilla and Iris vers. If a negative answer is re-
ceived, the case is classed with one of those arising from want of
tone and lack of vitality and which call for such remedies as Kali
bromatum, Conium, Phosphoric acid, Agnus castus and Caladium.
This method of ascertaining the pathology of this affection, was first
laid down by the astute Lallemand, whose researches in this direction
have been so valuable.
No proving of this valuable medicine upon the female organism
has yet been made. Judging from its effects upon the male
organs, we can safely consider it capable of deranging the female
organs of generation. Eclectic physicians claim to find it useful in
the treatment of "leucorrhoea, congestion of the cervix, ulceration,
and other disorders of the uterine system." Coe thinks it " particu-
larly indicated in uterine leucorrhoea, in which affection it seems to
be of almost specific value." As this variety of leucorrhoea is the
result of a hyper-secretion of the glandular follicles of the cervix, it
is quite probable the Iris may act curatively, as its primary effect is
to cause a similar condition in glandular tissues.
"A physician who had used this article extensively, and who had
had ample opportunities of testing its virtues, informs us that he had
found it more effectual in hemorrhages, particularly menorrhagia,
than any other remedy he ever tried.”*
If the Iris should prove a true homoeopathic remedy for syphilitie
affections, it will be found useful in many diseases of the vagina, ute-
rus and ovaries, caused by that pervading poison.
*Jones and Scudder, Materia Medica.
020
NEW REMEDIES.
Dr. O. H. Mann, of Ottawa, Ill., has used the Iris versicolor in
several cases of spermatorrhoea, with marked benefit. The follow-
ing was the first in which he used it:
A theological student applied to be treated for a catarrh. His
appearance indicated that he was suffering from seminal losses. On
being questioned he admitted that such was the case. He had
applied to many physicians but never got any benefit from their
treatment, and had abandoned the idea of a cure. The discharges
were accompanied by amorous dreams, occurred about twice a week,
and were followed by prostration, nervousness, and great anxiety.
Prescribed Iris versicolor 2d, four pellets three times a day. Two
weeks afterward he wrote for more medicine, stating that he had had
but one discharge since consulting me. Saw him three weeks later,
when he said he had had no discharge since writing, and felt as
though he had been relieved of a fearful malady, which he had sup-
posed incurable.
Larynx and Chest.-Short, dry cough, excited by a tickling in
the larynx; pain in the left side, as though the ribs were pressing
against the lungs ; unable to take a long breath, for the pain in the
left chest, which was of a cutting and sticking character; pain in the
left chest.—(Rowland.) Hoarseness and ringing in the ears; sore-
ness and rawness of the fauces.-(Burt.) [Taken in connection with
the above symptoms, the experiments of Dr. Burt on animals, are
quite suggestive.]
Back.-Constant pain, aggravated by motion, in the lumbar
and sacral region, was a constant symptom when proving Irisin.
—(Burt.)
Upper Extremities.-A sharp, tensive pain in right shoulder;
worse on motion, especially by raising the arm, and continuing a long
time; this pain occurs most in the evening; severe pains; shooting,
momentary, and shifting about rapidly, in the phalangeal and meta-
carpal-phalangeal articulations; and also in the sides and ends of
the fingers, of both hands-these pains more in the evening; sharp
pain in the end of the middle fingers of the left hand, succeeded
instantly by a similar pain in axilla of left side; pains in phalanges
when writing.-(Rowland.) Hands hot and dry all the time.—
(Burt.) Dr. Rowland advises the Iris in rheumatism of the shoul-
ders, wrists and hands.
Lower Extremities.-Pain in the right knee joint, worse on mo-
tion; violent tearing pain in right hip and knee joints; sharp pain
similar to those in the hands, in right hip, right and left knee joints,
and in right foot, especially in the first joint of great toe-all worse
on motion.-(Rowland.) Trembling and weakness of the knees;
JUGLANS CINEREA.
621
calves very painful, when walking, especially the right.-(Burt.)
"After she took a few doses she lost all power over her lower extrem-
ities, but regained it during convalescence. (This can hardly be
considered a pathogenetic symptom, as it occurred in a patient with.
typhoid fever.) Pain in lower extremities and cramps in calves of
legs, with nausea and retchings." (See Dr. Kitchen's notice of Iris.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Iris appears homœopathic to rheumatal-
gia of the lower as well as upper extremities. Dr. Burt says it caused
paralysis of the hinder extremities, and spasm, of the fore legs, in
cats. Its action on the spinal cord may be more intense than we are
now aware of. In many of its symptoms, especially the pains in the
chest and extremities, the Iris strongly resembles Bryonia alba.
JUGLANS CINEREA.
(Butternut.).
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Male amentnm, imbricated; calyx, a
scale; corolla, six-parted; filaments, four to eighteen; female calyx,
four-cleft, superior; corolla, four cleft; styles, two; drupe, coriaceous,
with a furrowed nut.
This is an indigenous forest tree, known in different sections of the
country by the various names of Butternut, Oilnut, and White Wal-
nut. In favorable situations it attains a great size, rising sometimes
fifty feet in height, with a trunk three or four feet in diameter at the
distance of five feet from the ground. The stem divides at a small
distance from the ground into numerous horizontal branches, which
spread widely and form a large tufted head, giving to the tree a pecu-
liar aspect. The young branches are smooth and of a grayish color,
which has given origin to the specific name of the plant. The leaves
are very long, and consist of seven or eight pairs of sessile leaflets,
and a single petiolate leaflet at the extremity. These are two or three
inches in length, oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base. acuminate,
finely serrate and somewhat downy. The male and female flowers are
distinct upon the same tree. The former are in large aments, four
or five inches long, hanging down from the sides of the shoots of the
preceding year's growth, near their extremity. The fertile flowers
are at the end of the shoots of the same Spring. The germ is sur-
mounted by two, large, feathery, rose-colored stigmas. The fruit is
sometimes single, suspended by a thin, pliable peduncle; sometimes.
several are attached to the sides and extremity of the same peduncles
The drupe is oblong-oval with a terminal projection, hairy, viscid,.
622
NEW REMEDIES.
green in the immature state, but brown when ripe. It contains a
hard, dark-colored, oblong pointed nut, with a rough, deeply and irreg-
ularly furrowed surface. The kernel is thick, oily, and pleasant to
the taste.
HISTORY. "The Butternut grows in Upper and Lower Canada,
and throughout the whole Northern, Eastern and Western United
States, In the Middle States the flowers appear in May, and the
fruit ripens in September.
"The bark is used in dyeing wool a dark-brown color, though infer-
ior for this purpose to that of the Black Walnut. It is said, when
applied to the skin, to have a rubefacient effect. The inner bark is
the medicinal portion, and that of the root being considered most effi-
cient, is directed by the National Pharmacopoeia. It should be col-
lected in May or June.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-According to allopathic authorities, the "But-
ternut is a mild cathartic, operating without pain or irritation, resem-
bling Rhubarb in its power of evacuating, without debilitating the
alimentary canal. It was much employed during our revolutionary
war, by Dr. Rush and other physicians attached to the army, and was
highly esteemed. It is especially applicable to cases of habitual
costiveness and other bowel affections, and particularly dysentery, in
which it has acquired considerable reputation. It is given [by the
old school practitioners,] in the form of decoction or extract, never in
substance.
The Juglans Regia has been used with the highest degree of suc-
cess in scrofulous affections, especially when there is swelling of the
neck. The Juglans cinerea will probably prove equally efficacious in
the same affection. It has been recommended by Dr. Neidhard in
this complaint, and prescribed by him in several cases with success.
I have ceen informed by Dr. Neidhard that Dr. Heintzelman, surgeon
in the late war with Mexico, found this remedy one of the most effi-
cient in the treatment of the diarrhoea and dysentery which prevailed
in the army at that time. Hundreds of cases were cured with it
where no other remedy would affect them.
It has been used in this country as a domestic remedy, in cases of
chronic rheumatism affecting the back. Its efficacy in this complaint
is corroborated by its effects on the healthy organism.
DR. JOSEPH P. PAINE'S PROVING.
Presented as a Thesis to the Faculty of the Homeopathic Medical
College of Philadelphia, in 1852.
Proving commenced Nov 20th, 1851. Took four drops of the 3d
attenuation, per day, at night.
From Nov. 20th to the 25th, no symptoms.
Nov. 25th.-Took nine drops of the 1st atten., at night. Half an
hour after, slight vertigo, with a sinking, faint feeling in the stomach,
extending to the abdomen. Three hours after, diarrhoea with burning
in the anus before and after stool.
JUGLANS CINEREA.
623
Nov. 26th.-Took two drops of the first attenuation in the morning.
Pain in the left chest; feeling of weakness and debility. 11, a. m.—
slight nausea with vertigo. 3 r. M.-Yellow, frothy diarrhoea, with
tenesmus and burning in the anus after stool. Cramp-like pain in the
hip, at night.
Dec. 1st.—Took ten drops of the tincture. No symptoms.
Dec. 2d.--Took fifteen drops of the tincture. Nausea in the morn-
ing; dryness of the fauces, and sensation as if the throat was
swollen.
Dec. 3d.-Took twenty-five drops of the tincture. Vivid dreams.
Dec. 4th.-Aching pain in both ankles. Stitch-like pain under
the right scapula, when stooping; pain in the right side of the fauces.
Aching pain in the abdomen after dinner; soon after, diarrhoea, with
burning in the anus, Aching pain in the lumbar vertebræ, extend-
ing through the lumbar region and up the spine; aching pains in
various parts of the body. Feeling of lassitude; aching pains in the
arms and wrists, as if sprained by hard work.
Dec. 5th.-Aching pain in the occiput, in the morning, in bed,
passing off on getting up. Numb pain in the right axilla, extending
down the arm, along the course of the nerves, which lasted three
hours. Pain under the vertebral border of the right scapula increased
by moving the part, and by drawing a long breath.
Dec. 6th.-Pain under the right scapula, making breathing pain-
ful; numb pain in the right axilla, extending down the arm. Pain
in the right knee, felt on going up stairs.
Dec. 7th.-Pain under the right scapula continues. Dryness of
the nose; aching pains in the wrists, extending up the arms; consti-
pation.
Dec. 8th.-Took thirty drops of the tincture. Pain under scap-
ula continues.
Dec. 9th.-Slight pain under the right scapula; constipation.
Dec. 10th.-Constipation.
Dec. 12th.-Took sixty drops of the tincture at night.
Dec. 13th.-Aching pain in the abdomen at intervals, with flatu-
lence. Pain in the lumbar and dorsal vertebræ at night.
Dec. 14th. Soft stool, with pain and flatulence in the abdomen;
aching pains in the limbs; accelerated pulse.
Jan. 6th, 1862.—Took twenty-five drops of the 7th atten., at night.
Burning in the stomach.
Jan. 7th.—Took twenty five drops of the 7th atten., at night, No
xymptoms.
624
NEW REMEDIES.
Jan. 8th.-Aching pain in the region of the lumbar vertebra and
right sacro-iliac symphysis; occasionally sharp pains in the calves of
the legs; pain in each hypochondriac region. Dull, aching pain in
the right axilla, extending down the arms; aching pain in the right
shoulder.
Jan. 9th, A. M.-Dull pain in the left arm; occasional shooting
pains in the lumbar regions. Pain under the left scapula; aching
in the right scapula. Took twenty-five drops of the 3d attenuation at
night. Very restless at night; tossing about a great deal while
asleep.
Jan. 10th, A. M.-Dull, aching pain in the right shoulder; aching
pain in the region of the sacro-iliac symphysis, worse while sitting;
pain between the shoulders. P. M.-Aching pain in the region of the
lumbar vertebra, with restlessness. Pains in different parts of the
abdomen, caused by flatus; restless sleep.
Jan. 11th, A. M.-Diarrhoea without pain; took twenty-five drops
of the first attenuation at night,
Jan, 12th, A. M.-Roughness and soreness of the throat; numb pain
in the wrists and arms; pain in the left knee and thighs; violent
pain in the region of the lumbar vertebræ and sacroiliac symphysis
worse when sitting down. Dull headache, more on the right side,
which lasted three hours. P. M.-Burning in the eyes; aching pain
in the right axilla; restless sleep.
Jan. 13th, A. M-Aching pain in the right temple, which lasted
three or four hours; very restless in the night.
Jan. 15th.-Aching pain in the region of the inguinal rings, and
great soreness felt on rising from a recumbent position.
SECOND PROVING.
Nov. 19th.-Took five drops of the 3d atten., at night; no symp-
toms.
Nov. 29th.-Took ten drops of the first atten., at night; pain in
the left shoulder; oppression of the chest; raising a quantity of
dark-colored blood; great tendency to sleep; frightful dreams. Burn-
ing in the pharynx.
Nov. 25th-Took five drops of the tincture; pain in the left
shoulder, in the elbows and in the knees; soreness of the throat.
Great wakefulness; rigid state of the muscles of the neck; diarrhea
with cutting in the abdomen; burning in the abdomen after stool.
[The above provings will be continued hereafter. They were com-
menced at a somewhat late period of the present course of lectures,
JUGLANS CINEREA.
625
and owing to this, and to the fact the writer's system is not sensitive
to the action of remedies, he has comparatively few symptoms to pre-
sent. It cannot, however, be said that they are unimportant.
He is encouraged by Dr. Neidhard, who is himself much inter-
ested in the remedy, to present them in the form of a thesis, which he
has concluded to do, believing that he is thus performing an act of
usefulness to the profession, and assisting in the development of a rem-
edy destined to become of standard value in our Materia Medica.]
A week after taking the medicine, I have swelling in both submax-
illary glands, more in the right gland.
Dr. Paine, (eclectic,) says of the Juglandin in diseases of the
skin :
"In medicinal doses, it acts specifically as a tonic to the mucous
membrane and dermoid tissue; hence, its great value in exanthema-
tous fevers and chronic cutaneous affections. I have used this medi-
cine extensively in skin diseases, in combination with anti-periodics.
The idea of combining anti-periodics with remedies which act upon
the skin, for cutaneuus affections, was first suggested to me by the
beneficial influence derived from Arsenical preparations. Having for
a long time used Arsenic as an anti-periodic, I was led to suppose
that the beneficial influence of the drug in skin diseases, was depen-
dent on its anti-periodic properties; and in this I have been fully
confirmed by the extensive use of anti-periodics, in combination with
remedies that operate specifically upon the skin. The great objection
to the use of Arsenical preparations is their peculiar influence upon
the blood, producing degeneration of this fluid to such an extent as
to develope most serious and frequently fatal pathological changes.
The Juglandin, as I have previously remarked, acts as a direct stim-
ulant and tonic to the cutaneous surface; hence, I have used it in
chronic eczema, herpes, pemphigus, rupia, acne, impetigo, ecthyma,
lichens, prurigo, icthyosis, molluscum, and all other forms of cutane-
ous diseases, and have found it to act with more certainty in these
affections than any other preparation or single drug that I have used.
In chronic herpes and eczema, I have found this remedy combined
with Quinine almost a specific. My usual method of administering it
in these affections, is one-sixteenth of a grain of Juglandin and one-
half a grain of sulphate of Quinine, four or five times a day. In some
cases I have found that a large dose of Juglandin would operate
beneficially, while in others a much smaller portion would be all that
would be required. In the acute form of cutaneous diseases the Jug-
landin appears to be very exciting and stimulating. A very conven-
ient form of preparing this remedy is to triturate one or two drams
40
626
NEW REMEDIES.
with sugar, and then add a suitable portion of simple syrup, and ad-
minister it alone or in combination with Quinine, as the case may
indicate."
Dr. P. H. Hale informs me, that having noticed the Juglandin to
cause an erysipelatous inflammation of the skin of the body and ex-
tremities, he has given this medicine in several cases of obstinate,
chronic, herpetic eruptions with the best success. The medicine was
continued several weeks in doses of two or three grains of the second
trituration, three times a day.
PARTIAL PROVING OF BY L. ARTHUR CLARK, A STUDENT Of medicine.
July 27th.-Took five drops mother tincture at 6 ▲. м., five at 12
м, and ten at 5 P. м. No symptoms through the day except those of
a local character, each dose producing a burning, and pricking sensa-
tion of the mouth and throat, lasting an hour or two; but during
the night following was very restless; frightful dreams all night;
awoke in the morning with headache and heavy yellow coating on the
tongue.
July 28th.-Took ten drops at 5 A. м., ten at 12 м., ten at 5 P. M.
Same restless condition all night; dreamed of being among Indians;
next morning had heavy headache; felt weary and unrefreshed,
which is very unusual for me, my sleep being generally good, sel-
dom dreaming any.
July 29th.---All through this day had dry, burning sensation of
face, with intense erythematous redness; headache; mind confused,
so much so I could not study; itching and pricking sensation on
head, neck and shoulders.
July 30th.-Took same as on the 28th, with the same symptoms,
although the redness and heat of the face seemed even more aggra-
vated.
July 31st.-Took the same as before with similar symptoms.
August 5th to 7th.-Took twenty drops three times per day, as
before, which brought on its full cathartic action, producing four or
five large bilious discharges, in 24 hours, without pain or griping.
At this point, as the diarrhoea was becoming unpleasant, the proving
was discontinued, after which the diarrhoea speedily subsided.
I would remark further, that from the time of the subsidence
of the diarrhoea until now, I have had an eruption upon the
upper front of the chest, the side of the hand resembling very
much the eruption of the eczema simplex, which I feel confident is
the effect of the Juglans, always having been free from eruptions of
JUGLANS CINEREA.
627
any kind. The eruption is not troublesome, except when heated
from over exertion, when it has the same itching, pricking sensation
that occurred during the proving.
FRAGMENTARY PROVING BY DR. P. H. HALE.
An old lady, after taking five grains of the solid extract daily,
for three weeks, had a pustular eruption appear on the thighs,
hips, and nates with intolerable itching and burning. A few pustules
appeared on the body, face and arms. The eruption remained for
three weeks after the drug was discontinued.
DR. CHARLES C. CRESSOR'S PROVING. (IN 1855.)
ᎠᎡ
Symptoms preparatory to proving the Nux Juglans cinerea. [The
preparation is from the husk, leaves and twigs, made by Dr. Howard
according to Dr. Neidhard's directions.]
1855. March 8th, 9 A. M.-His mind for the last ten days has been
in a very irritable state, which he attributes to the use of coffee and
tea, which are very hard on his temperament-nervo-bilious. A cer-
tain mobility of mind and body which makes it difficult to settle down
and study anything requiring close attention and prolonged applica-
tion of mind. Disappointments irritate him, making him quarrelsome
especially when they come suddenly, by a kind of surprise. There
appears to him to be some irritation, a kind of sub-inflammation of the
stomach. Pressure gives a dull pain. He has had, since Nov. 1853,
a bronchial affection; each morning, before or about breakfast, he
spits up mucus with whitish, stringy curdles in it--say three or four
peas in size.
(Note of March 5th, 1866.--He thinks this bronchial affection is
sympathetic with the chronic irritation of the stomach, which last is
an old symptom.)
The irritation of mind may be partly owing to the cessation from
customary mental exercise in the shape of lectures at college and
studies. Except as foregoing, he is in good ordinary health, or at
least nothing to note.
March 8th.-9 P. M.-Have felt very well all day; nothing to note
-weather cool, clear and pleasant.
March 9th.-8 A. M.-Good ordinary health-nothing to note;
woke at 5 A. M., head and stomach feeling clear; slept with the win-
dow partly open which helps his digestion, causing his head
and stomach to feel clear when he wakes; nothing new.
March 10th.-9 A. M.- Feel very well, but foul breath from too
much sugar and coffee, and other bad diet.
After stool, which he usually has after breakfast, he has just
had an appendix-loose and smelling so as to remind him of Arsen-
icum. If he had been proving he would have noticed the symp-
tom, for it was a rare thing with him.
March 11th.-Good ordinary health, nothing to note; stool loose
and copious after breakfast. Coffee, sugar and toast, no butter.
628
NEW REMEDIES.
-
•
March 14th. 9 P. M.-Nothing to note for some days; bitter
taste in his mouth; had some heat and dryness in his mouth about
March 12th. Intend to take some of the 3d this evening; pain in
the epigastric region, on pressure a dull, extended pain.
10 P. M.-
Took 5 drops of the 3d centesimal.
March 15th, 5:30, A. M. 5 drops of the 3d cen. 9 P. M.-5 drops
of the 3d cen. Pains at night partly awakened him; don't know at
what time-(suppose between three and five), at about where the 2d
and 3d rib join the sternum, on the left side. This pain he pressed
when half asleep, and pressure aggravated it; it seemed near the
surface and is on the opposite side to his old complaint, though it
seems much like it in character.
(Note-March 5th, '66.—The old complaint. The spot where the
mucus comes from, since Nov., 1853, which he spit up each morning
—just under the clavicle, one and one-half way of its length.)
8:30 P. M-
Dreams of traveling, and much troubled about his baggage.
March 16th, 6:30 a. M.-Took ten drops of the 3d.
Pain only felt on inflating the lungs strongly; difficult to locate; it
seems deep seated, as if near the kidney, or lowest part of the lungs
on the left side. He caused it to appear a number of times, say a
dozen. It is only felt just at the time the lungs are fully inflated; it
is an aching pain; not extensive; not sharp. It is a new thing as
far as he recollects. At 11 A. M., he went to see a case of small-pox.
9:20 P. M.-Took 10 drops of the 3d.
March 17th.-Got up too late to take a dose before breakfast.
Little or no appetite at breakfast; after breakfast some headache.
9:50 A. M.-In coughing, noticed a peculiar rattling, as if from mucus
in the bronchi, that seemed behind the sternum; no pain nor mucus
accompanied the cough. Felt very damp from walking in the rain.
1:45.-P. M.-Sensation of coldness in the pharynx, and going appar-
ently into the oesophagus from drinking cold water. He believes that
there is something like an inflammation in his lungs, from taking cold,
and this cold sensation is from the sensitiveness that the inflammation
causes. 9:30 P. M.-Ten drops of the 3d.
March 18th, 6:45, A. м.—Ten drops 3d. This morning he woke
up with all of the symptoms of the cold he caught yesterday. On
waking, a slight pain across the epigastric region; slight, ill-defined
headache, principally in front. Some aching pain in the small of the
back when stooping; and whenever he coughs from the chest, he has,
low down, that peculiar rattling accompaniment, with pain or mucus.
Pulse full and hard, for him, and only 55 when seated on a chair.
These notes were made immediately after the dose. He tried his
pulse two whole minutes.
8:10 A. M.-Took breakfast at 7. Stool, loose, immediately after-
wards, as usual. At the time and during the last 15 minutes, ten-
dency to chilliness of the surface; throat slightly sore; weather is
damp, no sunshine. 8:30 A. M.-This chilliness he observed to cause
a kind of crawl in the scrotum, or the last place affected. A few
minutes afterwards he noticed a heat near the spine, where the neck
joins the shoulders, and at present, 8:35, he is warm all over, and
JUGLANS CINEREA.
629
notices a heat at the small of the back. He has felt interested in
tracing the march or progress, whatever it is, of the influence through
his system. It may be the breakfast and hot coffee working their
way through him. 8:40.-Heat on the internal side of the thighs.
8:50-Heat at the feet and small of the back, and hypochondriac
region; mind very active. 10 A. M.-Went to Friends' meeting; day
cold and damp. Soon after being seated, viz: about 10 o'clock, not-
iced a pain in his right side, (almost precisely similar to that noted
on March 16th, at 8:30 P. M., in his left side,) inflation of the lungs
caused the pain, which was sharper and more extensive than that on
his left side. He feels but little doubt that it is in the lowest part
of his lungs, though it may be something else. 9:20 P. M.-Took 10
drops of the 3d,
Last night, went to
From the sensations
March 19th. 6:20.-Took 8 drops of the 3d.
bed about 10, but remained awake till about 12.
in his head he supposed that there was more blood than common, in it,
though his mind was not active, nor was there any well-defined sen-
sations. About 4 A. M., he was awakened with nausea, but within a
few minutes it was relieved by an emission of flatus, so as to be nearly
gone. This flatus was of a coppery smell, indicating to him a cold.
There has been, since rising, a kind of drawing or tickling sensation
deep in his right ear, when he swallows or moves his pharynx. Before
awaking at 4, he dreamed of drinking beer, and on waking there was
a taste of it, that is, like beer in his mouth; but only for a few min-
utes. This cold all through him, makes him feel sick. There is the
same rattling on coughing, low, behind the sternum, but no mucus
and little pain. 7 A. M.-After breakfast, a desire for stool, accom-
panied with chilliness and a kind of crawling of the skin, especially
of the hands, only momentary. 7:10 A. M.-For some time past he
has had a loose stool immediately after breakfast; the looseness he
looks upon as the chronic effect of coffee. This morning it was loose,
but the smell was like that of one who eats onions. This smell he
attributes to the cold on his bowels. Ate little at breakfast; took
coffee. 10 to 12 A. M.-Felt very weak and exhausted;
spit up
mucus from low down in the lungs, very tenacious, about as much
as four peas, though he does not know that it came from where the
rattling was. 1 to 2 P. M-Day clear, bright and cool, went to the
Dispensary at 12, and on coming out at 1, he felt so changed for the
better that it seemed quite remarkable. Felt clear and clean in his
head, lungs and stomach, and felt strong in his muscles, etc. 10:5
P. M.-Ten drops of the 3d. He felt thirsty for the last half hour, or
rather a kind of heat in the mouth and throat; but feels afraid to
drink, as he thinks much cold water would aggravate the cold in the
bowels.
March 20th. 7 A. M. -Woke at 3 A. M., and remained awake till
about 5, then slept till 6; got up too late to take a dose.
Very little
appetite at breakfast, almost like a slight nausea; it might be called
a very slight nausea as at present. Coffee, sugar and dry toast. 10
A. M.-Coughed up as much as two peas of a very tenacious mucus,
630
NEW REMEDIES.
transparent, but of a light brown color-something like the color of v
grain of wheat, but not so yellow. On coughing, the rattling, low
down behind the sternum, still remains. 9:45 P. M.-Took ten drops
of the 3d. He has coughed to-day say 20 times, a very thick, tena-
cious mucus, transparent, or n earlyso, of a kind of brownish color; it
seems to come from low down; there is a small boil in a line between
his right trochanter major and the tuberosity of the ischium, and
about half way between. It has been there for several days, but does
no ttrouble him.
March 21st.--Awoke about 4:30 A. M., and remained in bed till
about 5:45. 5:50 a. m.-Took ten drops of the 3d. 7 A. M.-Just-
before getting up tried to cough up some phlegm, and made a violent
effort; this brought on a soreness in the larynx, between the trachea
and sternum, as if nearly raw. Very little mucus has come up this
morning. If he laid on one side in bed, he felt oppressed in the
chest. He wishes to note here that his big toes each has a split or
rhagade directly on the end; these rhagades yesterday gave him no
trouble, which was the first time for him to mark that improvement,
which may be a result of the medicine, or it may be owing to the
ordinary changes of his health. (Note.-These rhagades are consti-
tutional with the prover, as also with his mother, coming on in cold
weather and going away in warm weather. March, 1866.) 8 A. M.-
Just got home from market; clear and cold weather; coughed up a
mass of mucus about as large as four peas, tenacious, between brown
and green; seemed to relieve much the oppression in his throat
and lungs. 10 A. M.-Went to Friend's meeting; room only tolerably
well warmed; after sitting one and one-half hours, he felt a pain low
down on full inspiration ;-(same as mentioned March 18, at 10 a. M.,
being a congestion in 1866.) That was on his right side; full inspi
ration aggravated it as at first, but he thinks relieved it eventually,
for it did not trouble him very long. He noticed also that his lips
felt dry, though his mouth was moist; yet the saliva seemed thick.
He has coughed up phlegm twenty or thirty times he supposes; laugh.
ing causes coughing; coughing causes a sore feeling, a kind of raw
soreness behind the sternum. There still remains the rattling when
coughing. This afternoon, about 4, Dr. Neidhard felt his pulse; it
was about 100 and hard, though he was not sensible of any feverish
symptoms. (Note in the original.-His pulse was March 18, at 55;
at 6:45.) He is to take no more of the Nux Juglans cinerea.
M.—He feels as if much phlegm deep in his chest; but as if it were
too low down to be coughed up.
8 P.
The above is a good description of the way he has felt all day;
too low for the wind to get under it and push it up; the wind strikes
above it. Pulse, seated, 78; on his feet, 94; seated again, 82; stand-
ing again, 98; all in about six or seven minutes. It is very irregu-
lar in time and force; he avoided hurry in taking it. No sign of
fever that is prominent or very noticeable; there is perspiration in
the small of the back, apparently he has just been walking seven
squares in all. With regard to the cough he has had for several days
JUGLANS CINEREA.
631
-laughing makes him cough, which he may have noted before. 9:40
P. M.—Pulse 73 when seated, after having been seated some time
reading. He notices that irregularity of breathing seems to have an
immediate effect on the pulse; so does coughing, making it quicker
when he takes a long breath; afterwards it becomes slower, so as
perhaps to keep to some average. Motion has some effect on the
pulse; his pulse he supposes to be irritable. Pulse standing, 86, and
not so strong as sitting. Something like coryza in his left nostril;
head as if too much blood in it, but he would not notice it if it were
not for his pulse sharpening his observation. A cheesy taste in his
breath; it seems as if the breath were cheesy; old cheese; lips dry,
but not the mouth.
March 22, 7 a. M.-He woke up this morning at 3:15 with a feeling
of great oppression at the chest, yet felt as if coughing would not
relieve him. He tried deep inhalation which caused a tickling or
sensation as if it would make him cough; but by inhaling cautiously
and deeply, the oppression was relieved somewhat. He threw out
several small sputas, about six. He coughed up about four or five
peas (in quantity) all in one mass; this relieved the oppression evi-
dently, and between 6 and 7 he coughed up he thinks four times,
each about the same amount. When he awoke he pressed over the
ribs and found on the left side there was soreness or pressure; the
upper five ribs about in front, say nearly as much as both hands
would cover. He also noticed once or twice a kind of cutting pains,
about the same part of the lungs. The idea that impressed itself
strongly on his mind, was, that there was danger of pleurisy. He
observed various pains in the lungs on inhalation and motion, and
some relief in pressing on the affected side, so as to inhale with the
other lung, which tended to make him think of pleurisy. But he
had so much faith in inhalation that he remained on his back inhaling
from time to time, until a slight degree of headache came on, which
to his mind means stop inhaling." Got out of bed once to spit, and
at 6 got up and dressed. Went out of doors to urinate; day damp,
dark and cold; the cold seemed to chill him through, which chill
remained for some time after getting into the house. When he first
woke his mouth had no taste in it, but after a little while it seemed to
him that some of the phlegm came out of the larynx and passed
down the oesophagus without coming into the mouth, and a taste of
sour old cheese seemed to accompany; he dreamed that some one
was reading a newspaper poem about cheese selling at three fips a
pound, and being too dear a luxury to indulge in. Probably his last
night's notes were fermenting in his head, and turning to poetry;
If these symptoms are from the medicine, it is a left-hand remedy in
the respiratory apparatus. (See 9.30). His pulse whilst in bed was
moderate, (compare 7:30, further along). The sputa from his lungs
is decidedly more green than yesterday; that from his nose not so
ripe. The oppression of his lungs, on walking, he considered as
partly due to a congetion of the capillaries. Appetite not much; ate
dry toast one-half as large, two and one-half cups of coffee and sugar ;
632
NEW REMEDIES.
head not clear; muscular apparatus unaffected by the disease; mind
rather depressed; thought a good deal about Dr. Williamson and his
family, whilst yet in bed, and the uncertainty of life. He feels worse
and has felt worse this morning than at any time since his attack;
lips and skin dry, under lip kind of hard when he draws it together
7:30 A. M.-Pulse 82 seated, 94 standing; irritable and variable;
the least motion or irregularity of breathing makes it go faster for
some beats. Thinks of taking Aconite; 12 M.-Tendency to chilli-
ness, especially of hands and between the shoulders; pain near
spine, between scapula and right side; pulse 95 standing, and 70
seated in an easy chair; it is variable in force and rapidity, from
irregular breathing, motion, etc., (irritable). 1 P. M. Have been
very chilly for the last hour; room not very warm; my warming
apparatus in bad order; hands blue; pale and blue nails; pain over
the left lung on pressure; pressure to left of the sternum excites
cough slightly. 1:45 P. M.-Chill still continues; no thirst. He
does not notice the cheesy taste, but a bitter taste; pulse 91 standing,
sitting 73 to 75, compressible and slow, not hard. A slight pain and
heat in small of back; aching, and he noticed some pain about where
the anterior tibial artery comes through the interosseous ligament;
hands blue and mottled; nails blue; the least coolness of air, etc., chills
him; pain on pressure of left thorax as before; ate no dinner. 2:30
Pain in lower corner of lungs, left side as if stuffed. 3 P. M.-Put
on considerable clothes, which have warmed him and produced slight
nausea. (On the 16th, went to see a small pox patient (see March
16th); he has no symptoms of small pox that he knows, except the
nausea, which is relieved by hot toast water and lemon in it.) Sent
a message to Dr. Neidhard to call on him when convenient.) The
prover made no notes after 3 P. M., of the 22d, being in such distress;
the following are from memory:—
}
March 23d, 1 P. M.-The pain in his left side, low down, he takes
to have been congestion of the lungs, of some sort, as the mucus that
he coughed up was slightly tinged with red. When Dr. Neidhard
came at 7 P. M., he first noticed this redness, and on coughing up
some fresh mucus, the prover saw it distinctly. (Note of March,
1866-It was mucus with blood all through it; husky sputum of
pneumonia, as the prover remembers to this day. (Note of March 27,
1855-When Dr. N., called the low grumbling tones, long-continued,
in conversation between him and the prover's mother, irritated and
exhausted the prover so that he felt much annoyed, but when the
tone was full (as betwen Dr. N. and the prover,) he was not so irrita-
ted.) About 3 he drank a tumbler and a half of warm toast water
with lemon in it, and covered himself well up in clothes; almost im-
mediately after drinking the toast water he became very warm and
feverish, his face felt hot, yet was pale; his eyes were suffused.
(These two notes were probably made March 27. They are on the
opposite page to what goes before and after March 1866). When
this fever began there was a kind of rush of blood to his nose for a
few moments; his nose felt full; also in leaning forward there was a
JUGLANS CINEREA.
633
drawing sensation at the root of his lungs, as if the lungs were heavy
and drew on the root; every breath he drew in caused such pain at
the congested part, that he frequently groaned; this pain was on the
left side; if he rested on that side the pain grew much worse and
seemed to concentrate itself, or at least to be much more severe at
one spot, say one inch in diameter, but he did not rest on that side
but a little while, say one-fourth of a minute at a time; the pressure
also aggravated it; if he rested on his right side the pain was
relieved. He took two powders of Belladonna 6th, which did no
good that he could see; the fever and pain continued all the after-
noon, till Dr. N. called; Dr. N. called about 7 to 7, and ordered
him to take Seneca every two hours, also Aconite in alternation if the
Seneca did not break the fever. He at that time coughed up mucus
with some tinges of red. As soon as he was gone, say 74, the prover
went to bed. (Note of March 1866-The prover was in the parlor
down stairs, up to the time Dr. N. called on March 22d, at 7 P. M.)
In urinating his urine burned the urethra slightly; was dark and
reddish. Soon after getting into bed the pain in front of his chest
grew worse; kind of cutting, stabbing pains. (Note of March 1866
-The prover undressed himself to go to bed, and for a few minutes
was exposed to the air which was very cold, and this increase of pain
he attributed to the exposure Dr. N. had ordered that if the Seneca
did no good, that the Aconite should be used. This increase of symp-
toms was taken therefore as an indication for the Aconite. Dr. N.'s
Seneca was used. The Aconite was the 6th, prepared by the prover,
and after taking it as the notes say, nothing was remembered till on
awakening some time in the night.) He had taken a dose of Seneca
about 7:15, and about an hour after, say 8:15, seeing this increase of
symptoms, he took Aconite 6th, two drops, in one-third of a tumbler
of water, dose two teaspoons full. The next thing he knew, was, he
woke up, he supposed about one o'clock at night; the pain on breath-
ing was entirely gone, and he felt comparatively well, but found that
when he coughed there was pain at the old congested part, and in the
left hypochondriac region, pain as if of an old strained part, not
sharp but a bruised pain. The pain at the hypochondriac region was
so slight, compared to the other pains, that I did not notice it before,
but remember that it was there and was not a new thing, (Note of
March, 1866-I remember that on waking I was in a strong perspira-
tion, so that I was afraid to get out of bed and get a light to see the
time; also that on first waking, I felt completely well, but in drawing
a deep breath felt pain, (bruise, strained, as if where the congestion
had been,) and the pain in the hypogastric region I believed to be
the spleen; I felt that the disease, so to call it, was practically cured.
He could feel the position of the aorta in the left hypogastric region.
He went to sleep again and woke about 2:30, and took a dose of Sen-
eca, and went to sleep. He sweated some, at the small of the back
principally.
March 23d, 1:30 P. M.-Dr. Neidhard called about 12:30, to-day ;
prover has some fever yet, and ordered the medicine alter-
says the
634
NEW REMEDIES.
It is
nately every two hours as long as the fever last. The prover feels at
present free from all pain, except when he coughs, which causes pain
at the left hypochondriac and left lung, at its lowest point. Mucus
coughed up in small quantities, and free from red, of a purulent
color, but tenacious. Urine did not burn; no appetite, but he ate
a little to keep his bowels in working order-toast, rice-pudding, very
plain. Some mucus from the left nose; some pain on pressure of
the left chest, principally in the neighborhood of the lower ribs. 2:30
P. M.-A little headache over the left eye, but it is very slight; pulse,
while resting on the back, 74; standing 97; weak, compressible,
quick. Dose of Senega. His right nostril seems to be beginning to
be affected with a cold; pain on deep inspiration in the left hypo-
chondriac region; that is, if he inspires abdominally, but if he in-
spires with the thorax only the pain does not trouble him
evidently caused by pressure. He has, at times, hiccough which
causes pain there also. 4 P. M.-He thinks the nature of the mucus
he coughs up is changed; he has just coughed up some almost trans-
parent as the white of egg; and about one half hour ago he coughed
up some of two kinds mixed together; part transparent, with a clot
of purulent looking, but tenacious, and with a very slight tinge of red
-this last may be some remaining from yesterday. 4:15, P. M.—
Tongue very red, especially on edges and particularly near the end
of the tongue. 4:20 P. M.-Dose of Aconite 6th; pulse 88 standing ;
67 lying down, immediately after taking it. He had no stool on the
twenty-third, it may be because he drank no coffee, as drinking coffee
immediately starts his bowels. 5:45 P. м.-Pulse 70 on his back; 88
standing, compressible, quite, more so than when lying on his back.
Dose of Senega. 9 r. M-Pulse 35 standing, more full than formerly
and more regular; 65 on his back. Headache; he has been sleeping
and reading; he thinks it is reading which makes his headache, and
in the neighborhood of the eyes. Dose of Senega.
Pain
March 24th, 6:30 A. M.-In bed, pulse 65. His upper lip burns,
on being rubbed, and fever scales are beginning to come out.
in the left hypochondrium pretty much gone. There is pain on pres-
sure of the epigastric region. 7 A. M.-Appetite fair but not very
good; coffee, sugar, buckwheat cakes, toast. Cough of whitish mucus
from time to time. The above notes were made immediately after
breakfast, and immediately afterwards he went to stool; first gas with
some moisture, and then the hasty exit of six or nine little nubbins
like marrowfat peas. 11:20, A. M.-An eruption is coming out about
his mouth; especially the upper lip. Reading makes his eyes ache
and feel as if an eruption was about to come out on the upper lids;
a kind of heavy, stuffed feeling of the lids. 12:30.-Slight nausea,
from undigested breakfast. 4 P. M.-Pulse, seated, at 88; standing,
98. The eruption Dr. Neidhard calls herpes labialis; it is such as
I have had before after colds, and after eating rancid walnuts. 9 P. M.
-Pulse, standing, 104; sitting, 86, and full. Aconite 6th. He has
been out walking, windy and cool. 9:30 P. M.-Pulse, seated, 88;
102, standing. Aconite 6th.
JUGLANS CINEREA.
635
10 P. м.—Oleum Jecori as., dose. His tongue is sore near the end,
the dorsum, principally the right side. Also he has felt at times a
burning, as if an eruption were coming near the top of the œsophagus.
Dry cough at times, from tickling in the larynx and trachea, between
the larynx and sternum.
March 25th, 7 a. M.-Going out on yesterday afternoon brought
on renewed fever. Last night woke about 1:30, too much bedclothes,
very feverish, pulsation in the occipital, etc.; after throwing off some
clothes, this disappears. This morning the eruption is coming out on
his face, principally his lips, with burning and smarting that makes
him very irritable; his tongue is also sore, dry cough at times. Ex-
pectoration not so tenacious, more pus-like. The eruption on his face
begins to appear, by a swelled inflamed part in patches, as big as a
thumb-nail to a little finger-nail; on the inflamed bases, little eleva-
tions appeared, of a vesicular character; if single, as large as a
pin's head, but mostly so close together as to be fused into a kind of
mass, appearing raised above the surrounding red, and of a whitish
color. From some of these vessels a kind of liquor flowed, forming
a yellow-colored seat, brittle and shapeless. Some did not exude the
liquor, but remained below the epidermis; drying of a yellow color,
surrounded by the red base, or of a whitish color as if not ripened.
-
Yes-
March 26th, 6:30 A. м.-Pulse standing, 70; sitting, 56 to 57.
It is not full, and is, he thinks, irritable; that is, easily affected by
motion, etc. He coughs, at times, bringing up phlegm, sometimes
dry; excited, he thinks, by phlegm in the bronchia. The eruption on
his face still smarts and burns; but not so bad as yesterday.
terday it made him very cross. Blowing his nose is a very disagree-
able operation. The end of his tongue is sore, but not his gums; the
roof of his mouth is sore just behind the front teeth, where it is
touched by the sore place on the tongue. 7:10 A. M.-Yesterday, no
coffee, no stool; to-day, coffee, stool. 9 P. M.-Having a cough, ap-
parently caused by phlegm, but which sometimes he could not cough
up, which distressed him. He took Phosphorus 6th. Immediately
he felt an uncommon tickling behind his sternum, which brought
on the cough; and after a few minutes pulsating pain in the lower
part of the left lung, where the pain was worst on the 22d, after tak-
ing an uncommonly long breath he has had no such pain before, to-
day or yesterday, that he remembers.
March 27th, 10:30 a. M.-Cough excited no phlegm which occa-
sionally comes up, it looks more like pus than mucus, but is tenacious,
not curdy. Just now, (March 28th,) he discovered a red color in
part of it, one-half as big as a pea. 11:30 A. M.-Yesterday, he took
several doses in the afternoon and evening of Rhus tox. 12th. It
seemed to free his head and make it lighter, but it seemed to aggra-
vate the cough, especially in the forepart of the night; the cough was
very frequent, concussive, and very little phlegm. This morning he
took a couple of doses more of Rhus radicans 12th.
appears to be gradually drying, nothing particular to note.
on the end of his tongue pretty much gone; say gone.
The eruption
Soreness
Pulse 85
636
NEW REMEDIES.
standing, rather full; on his back, 58, not so full, slow. His skin
and general system does not seem feverish.
March 29th.-Yesterday he took Rhus radicans 6th several
times; it seemed every time he took it to cause an excitement of the
internal surface of the bronchi and cause coughing.
(Note.-During these coughings, every now and then, he threw
up bits of mucus, pus-colored but tenacious; it seemed as if the Rhus
loosened them almost immediately after he took it, so that they irri-
tated the bronchi and caused coughing. He feels little doubt of the
effect of Rhus in his case, it has happened so frequently yesterday
and day before.-March 29th, '55.
When he draws the first deep breath, it aggravates the symptoms,
causing coughing; but after breathing deeply two or three times, this
tendency to cough disappears. Compare with aggravation of Rhus
symptoms, by motion, where pain on first moving disappears by con-
tinued motion.-March 29th, 55.)
He felt certain, so certain of this that he took no dose after 8 P. M.
He did not cough so much last night as he did the night before, nor
feel that sensation as if the epiglottis were dry, which caused so
much coughing. He has a peculiar sensation of the bronchi, some-
thing like coldness; the air seems to excite them as he draws it in.
It seems to him that Rhus radicans, high, causes determination to
those internal surfaces. The eruption on the face is gradually
drying.
March 30th, 10 A. M.-The matter which he coughs up is of a
muco-purulent appearance and salt taste; decidedly salt.
3 P. M.-
Pulse, on his back, 79; standing, 112, quick and rather full for such
rapidity. He has perspiration at the small of his back; no thirst; he
took wine for dinner, and rode out this morning. Very slight head-
ache, hardly enough to notice, but don't feel weak or feverish; bitter
taste in the mouth.
March 31st, 8 P. M.-Took Cinnabaris 200th, at 10 A. M. and 4 P.
M. This afternoon, walked up to the Girard avenue bridge. Mucus
discharges from the bronchi, does not trouble him at present, though
he coughed just after getting home. 10 r. M.-Cinnabaris 200th.
April 1st, 8:30 A. M.-On waking this morning, the secretions of
mucus in the bronchi seems lessened. 12 M.-He has had this morn-
ing, whilst sitting in Friends' meeting, considerable pain in his right
lungs, between an aching and cutting, rather sharp, occasional; about
the insertion of the 3d or 4th rib into the sternum, and going from
thence outward, as if from suppression of the mucus secretion.
[The above proving was copied by Dr. Charles C. Cresson for this
work, from his original notes, at request of Dr. Neidhard, March, 8,
1866.]
TOXICAL EFFECTS.
Dr. Paine (eclectic) testifies to the following pathogenetic effects
of Juglans: "In doses of from one to two grains, the Juglandin
acts as a drastic purge, producing irritation and inflammation of
JUGLANS CINEREA.
637
the mucous membrane of the bowels, if continued it is followed by a
peculiar exanthematous eruption very much resembling the flush of
scarlatina."
Dr. P. H. Hale says: In many instances I have known the
trituration of Juglandin to cause an erysipelatous inflammation of the
body and extremities.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Chilliness of the surface; heat of surface;
exhaustion; weakness; aching pains in various parts of the body;
lassitude.
Skin. Heat of the skin; crawling sensation, accompanied by
chilliness; boils; erythematous redness of face; eruption resembling
eczema simplex; pustular eruptions; dry skin; eruptions upon the
lip, such as appear after a cold; the juice causes redness and blis-
ters, when rubbed on the skin.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. A. E. Horton, of East Poultney,
Vt., reports the following cases cured with Juglans:-
"I take the liberty of sending you some of the clinical expe-
rience I have had with the Juglans cinerea, which I consider a real
polychrest, so far as diseases of the muco-cutaneous surfaces are con-
cerned. The Juglans has been used considerably by some eclectic
physicians, and it was during the period that I practiced that system,
that I became acquainted with it; but thus far I have never seen any
reference made to it by homoeopathic writers. Of this much, how-
ever, I am satisfied, that it is eminently homoeopathic to the whole
range of skin diseases, from a simple erythema to pemphigus, and
theoretically, I should say to those of a more obstinate character. It
seems to be equally as well adapted to congestions and irritations of
the respiratory and gastric mucous membrane, and its use has been
attended with such decided success, that I feel anxious to have the
profession at large give it a trial.
I give below a few of the cases in which I used the remedy alone,
for I used it a long time in combination, as is natural to eclectics,
attributing the cures to other ingredients, when undoubtedly they
were owing to the Juglans. I have treated cases of lichen and other
mild case of skin disease with the most positive results, but I send
only a few of the more important ones which you may add to your own
and others' experience, if you had any with the remedy.
Case 1.-Forest H., aged 2 years, had chronic ecthyma of three
months' standing; eruption general and almost confluent, so large and
thickly set were the pustules. Those upon the face seemed to be
drying somewhat, with the steady increase and aggravation of those
upon the body and extremities. Had been treated allopathically at
first, when the parents becoming discouraged with the prospect,
concluded to employ an old doctress, who professed to do wonders
with roots and herbs. Consequently the child had to endure another
638
NEW REMEDIES.
month of active drugging with the same discouraging result. At
this juncture I was called, and found the little patient suffering ex-
cessively. He could neither sit nor lie, with any degree of comfort;
worried much of the time; slept but little; appetite poor; diarrhoea.
I prescribed Juglandin, first decimal trituration, ten grains in half a
glass of water, a teaspoonful every two hours. Saw the patient again
the third day, at which time there seemed to be a little improvement.
Continued the same treatment. At the end of the first week the im
provement was decided; appetite better; slept more; bowels becom
ing more healthy. The crusts were rapidly drying and falling off.
Continued the Juglandin two weeks more, at longer intervals, at
which time there were only a few remaining pustules of small size;
which rapidly disappeared, until the cure was complete.
Case 2.-Jenny H., aged 8 years; ecthymatous eruption upon
the body, face and arms, attended with a painful itching sensation that
created an almost irresistible inclination to tear off the crusts. I
gave her a vial of the first decimal dilution, from a tincture made from
the inner bark of the root of the Juglans, to be taken in three-drop
doses, three times per day. In two weeks she was cured, with the
exception of some slight ulcerations upon the arms, the result of tear-
ing the crusts from some of the pustules; but these steadily healed,
and in another week the cure was complete.
Case 3.-A. W., adult; had been out of health some time; com-
plained of languor; slight nausea at times, and occasional wandering
pains about the limbs; was seized quite suddenly during the night
with acute pain through the right hypocondriac region, darting up-
wards into the chest, producing considerable difficulty of respiration,
and some cough. There was also some nausea and considerable fever.
For these symptoms I gave Aconite, which produced ready relief.
The third day following the attack there appeared on the body and
extremities the most general and perfect eruption of erythema nodo-
sum I ever saw; the patches were numerous and extensive, varying
in size from that of a dollar to that of a man's hand, I gave him
Juglandin, first decimal trituration; made three visits afterwards on
alternate days, when the cure was complete, the eruptions leaving the
characteristic greenish-yellow color.
Case 4.-John D., adult; had been somewhat indisposed a week
or two; rheumatic pain in right shoulder, extending to the pectoral
muscles, producing inability to draw a deep inspiration; had a single
thickly set patch of impetigo figurata upon the inside of left leg,
between knee and instep, which soon became crusted, discharging a
purulent ichorous secretion, that irritated the surrounding skin, pro-
ducing a wide, inflammatory margin; it was painful and sore, so much
so that it was with great difficulty that he could walk. His little
daughter had at the same time a considerable number of pustules of
the sparse variety of impetiginous eruption upon the arms and hands.
I gave him five drop doses of the dilution of Juglans and three drop
doses of the same to the daughter, to be repeated three times per
day. In ten days, both were cured.
1
JUGLANS CINEREA.
639
Case 5.-Dec. 15, 1865. Was called to see Flora B. aged 18
months. Found her as follows: An impetiginous eruption upon her
chin, which had been torn and broken, producing hard crusts, which
nearly covered the entire surface; some scattering crusts of the same
upon
the hands and arms; several large aphthous sores upon the in-
side of the lips and upon the tongue, bowels very much constipated,
altogether making the child very fretful and feverish. The ichorous
secretion of the sores had inoculated the mother's breast, (she was
still nursing the child), producing similar sores around the nipples.
I advised the immediate weaning of the child, and prescribed 20
drops of the first decimal dilution of Juglans in half a glass of water,
a teaspoonful every four hours; also a glycerole of the same applied
to the eruption, three times per day, the same to be applied to the
mother's breast.
Dec. 20.-Very much improved; apthous condition of the mouth
all gone; crusts rapidly drying and falling off; bowels had moved
natural and healthy; continue the same treatment with half the
former dose.
Dec. 29.-Saw the father of the child this morning; said both
mother and child were cured.
Case 6.-M. M., aged four years; had a patch of herpes circin-
atus upon the chin about the size of a dollar; had lasted two weeks
and was steadily increasing in size; gave the second decimal dilu-
tion of Juglans three times per day in three drop doses.
In une
weck the crust came off, leaving the surface healthy but somewhat
reddened, which soon assumed its natural hue, and in two weeks the
cure was perfect.
Case 7.—In my own case its use has been attended with such
satisfactory results that I cannot refrain from giving them. I have been
troubled, from a child, with eczema of the hands, steadily aggrava-
ted of late years, one attack hardly subsiding before a fresh crop
would make its appearance, often passing from the simple to the
impetiginous variety, the ichorous and semi-purulent secretion oozing,
upon exercising; the hands would crust over again, causing the most
intolerable itching and soreness, in fact, I have been awakened many
a time from sound sleep, to find myself scratching the skin from my
hands, only to make a bad matter worse. I have also for the last
five years had dyspepsia with bronchial irritation and cough. Have
used Iris versicolor and other remedies, from time to time, without
the least benefit; have taken Arsenicum a month at a time, in material
doses, with but very slight improvement. During the latter part of
the past summer, I concluded to try the Juglans in my own case.
was at the commencement of a fresh attack, I took three doses of the
mother tincture twice a day, and to my great surprise and gratifica-
tion, the attack completely aborted, the eruption disappeared in a
week. I continued the medicine once a day for three weeks more,
when I was equally gratified to find that the bronchial irritation had
nearly left me, and that my dyspepsia was cured. I have since
remained free from eruption or cough, except occasionally when I am
It
640
NEW REMEDIES.
exposed to the night air, when I get a slight return of the bronchial
irritability. My appetite and digestion are good and I can eat
anything that is suitable.
Case 8.-W. M-, aged 14, was about the 8th of April attacked with
what appeared to be a mild case of eczema, of the hands and wrists.
I was consulted, and prescribed Juglans, 1st decimal dilution, in five
drop doses, three times a day. I did not see him again until the 14th,
when I learned from his mother that she had started three days before
to carry him away to school, some forty miles; but when about half
way, she found the disease becoming suddenly and rapidly aggravated,
so much so, in fact, that she dare not proceed, but turned about and
returned home immediately. She had discontinued the medicine,
fearing, as she said, that it was what caused the aggravation, which
I could not conscientiously dispute. At the time of my arrival, the
second day after their return, as I was out of town, the eruption had
become so aggravated that instead of a simple eczema, it had assumed
all the characteristics of a fully developed impetigo figurata in its
pustular stage. The patches had coalesced, and the eruption had be-
come confluent generally; the pustules were discharging and crusting
over, and there was a degree of tension and pain about them that was
quite unbearable. After I had looked the case over, the mother
wanted to know if I thought I could cure him said she was afraid
that I could not, as she had a similar attack when a child, which baf-
fled the skill of some half a dozen physicians. I told her that the
remedy he was taking was the right one, and would cure him; if it
did not I should be very much disappointed. I immediately took the
vial containing it, and made the second dilution from it with water;
told him to take the same dose as before, three times a day. I also
made a lotion by putting a dram of the tincture into half a pint of
cold water, and applying cloths saturated in it all the while. This
treatment was continued without any variation except to gradually
diminish the dose for a period of nearly two months, at which time
the cure was complete and the medicine suspended.
I
: :
Sleep.-Very restless; tossing about while asleep; great tendency
to sleep dreams of traveling and much troubled about the baggage.
Dreams of being among Indians. Next morning heavy headache; felt
weary and unrefreshed, which is very unusual for me, my sleep being
generally good, seldom dreaming any.
Fever.-Chilliness; feverish heat; heat of the surface; pulse
slow; full and hard pulse; variable but regular pulse.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is used in domestic practice in.
fever, particularly the bilious remittent.
Emotive Sphere.-Depression of spirits.
Sentient Sphere.-Vertigo with faintness; mind rather depress-
ed and thinks of the uncertainty of life.
JUGLANS CINEREA.
641
Head.-Headache after breakfast; dull headache on rising; full-
ness of the head at night; aching pain in the occiput in the morning
while in bed, passing off on getting up; headache; mind confused, so
much so I could not study.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The headache of Juglans resembles
that of Bryonia in particular, and sometimes of Nux vomica.
Eyes. The juice of the bark or rind of the fruit applied to the
conjunctiva, causes severe inflammation and even pustules.
Ears.-Deep drawing, tickling sensation in right ear upon swal-
lowing.
Nose. Coryza from the left nostril; dryness of the nose.
Face.-Dry, burning sensation of face, with intense erythematous
redness.
Mouth, Teeth and Throat.-Sensation of coldness in pharynx,
extending down the oesophagus, from drinking cold water; sore throat;
lips dry but mouth moist. Soreness at the end of the tongue; dryness
of the fauces; sensation as if the throat is swollen; pain in the fauces
on the right side.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. -Dr. A. E. Horton reports the following
cure of throat disease: "Mrs H., advanced age; had been an
invalid from general debility and chronic inflammation of the throat,
nearly all of the time for four years. Had been treated by nearly all
the physicians (allopathic) in this region with little or no improvement.
I was called to see her in May last. Saw her once or twice a week
during the three following months, and with the proper homoeopathic
remedies succeeded in curing her, so that she was able to do her work
alone; yet the condition of the throat remained nearly the same, not-
withstanding the use of Sanguinaria, Hydrastis, and other remedies.
I now gave Juglandin, second decimal trituration, a one-grain powder
to be taken dry on the tongue three times per day. In one week she
sent to my office for more of the same, which she continued taking in
the same manner, and in three weeks reported herself cured."
Appetite, Taste, etc.-Loss of appetite; coppery taste; cheesy
taste; bitter taste.
Gastric Symptoms.-Nausea in the morning.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Coe asserts that "in indigestion,
accompanied with gastric irritibility, flatulence, acrid eructations,'
he has employed this medicine with the most gratifying success.
advises it to be taken immediately before eating.
He
Stomach.-Sinking sensation at the stomach; burning in the
stomach.
Abdomen.-Deep seated pain on left side, near the kidneys; pain
in epigastrium; heat and pain in hypogastrium; flatulence, (of a
coppery smell;) which upon being expelled, relieved the nausea; ach-
41
642
NEW REMEDIES.
ing pain in the abdomen after dinner; aching pain in the region of
the inguinal rings and great soreness felt on rising from a recumbent
posture.
Stool.-Loose stool, which smells like onions; diarrhoea with
burning in the anus, before and after stool; tenesmus and burning
after stool (primary); constipation (secondary); painless diarrhoea;
four or five bilious discharges in twenty-four hours, without pain or
griping.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Neidhard states that it was found
curative in the diarrhoea of soldiers in camp. Although allopaths
assert it does not cause irritation of the intestines, it is doubtless hom-
œopathic to diarrhoea. I know it causes griping, as well as rhubarb,
which allopaths say it resembles in its action, in not causing constipa-
tion as a secondary effect. Every homoeopath knows that constipation
is a secondary effect of rhubarb, and the same may be said of
Juglans.
King says it has been found useful in colo-rectitis and several
intestinal diseases, which it could not cure were it not homoeopathic
to them.
Sexual Parts.-Crawling sensation in the scrotum, occasioned
by chilliness.
Windpipe.-Rattling in bronchia on coughing, with no expecto-
ration; expectoration of very tenacious mucus; expectoration of
musty sputa.
Chest and Respiration.-Pain on the left side, about where the
second and third ribs join the sternum at night, and aggravated on
pressure; pain down on the right side of chest; taste of old cheese
in the breath; great oppression in the chest; cutting pains in the
lungs; congestion of the lungs; inflammation of the lungs; drawing
sensation at the root of the lungs, as if they were too heavy; stitch-
like pain under the right scapula; pain under right scapula making
breathing painful; pain under left scapula; spitting of blood.*
Trunk.-Aching pain in small of the back on stooping; heat
along the spine and small of the back; pain between the spine and
scapula on the right side, aching pain in the lumbar vertebra, and
extending through the lumbar region and at the spine. Pain under
the vertebral border of right scapula making breathing painful;
shooting pain in the lumbar region.
Upper Extremities.-Aching pains in arms and wrists, as if
sprained; great pain in right axilla, extending down the arms along
the course of the nerves; aching in right shoulder.
* I need not tell the reader to accept these symptoms with a good deal of caution. The
state of health of the prover, (Dr. Cresson), and the evident pulmonary disease under which he
abored, should be considered.-Hale.
LACHNANTHES TINCTORIA.
643
Lower Extremities.-Heat on inner side of thigh; heat in feet;
cramp-like pain in left hip at night; pain in the right knee; occa-.
sional pains in the calves.
[Dr. Cresson's proving (so-called) is inserted contrary to my con-
victions. I cannot consider the symptoms recorded as at all genuine.
The diseased condition of the prover before he commenced the exper-
iment; the minute doses, used at long intervals, and the character of
the symptoms, are enough to make us very doubtful if any of the
symptoms are drug effects.-HALE.]
LACHNANTHES TINCTORIA.
(Spirit-weed.)
ANALOGUES.—Ethusa, Agaricus, Belladonna, Cicuta, Crotalus,
Cimicifuga, Cannabis indica, Gelseminum, Glonoine, Gymnocladus,
Hyosciamus, Lachesis, Opium, Platina, Phosphorus, Sanguinaria,
Stramonium.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Perianth woolly outside; six-parted
down to the adherent ovary. Stamens three, opposite the three lar-
ger or inner divisions; filaments long, exserted; anthers linear, fixed
by the middle. Style thread-like, exserted, declined; pod globular;
seeds few on each fleshy placenta, flat and rounded, fixed by the mid-
dle. Herb with a red, fibrous, perennial root, equitant, sword-shaped
leaves, clustered at the base and scattered on the stem, which is
hairy at the top and terminated by a dense compound cyme of dingy
yellow and loosly woolly flowers. Grows chiefly in sandy swamps,
southward near the coast, but has been seen in Rhode Island and
New Jersey.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the whole plant; dilu-
tions; tincture-triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Beyond the remark of botanists that the root
is said to be employed in dyeing, I can find no account of its uses. As
a medicine, its use is probably confined to the Indian tribes of Flor-
ida, "This plant," says Dr. A. Lippe, was sent to Dr. C. Hering
by Dr. Byron, from Monticello, Florida, with a letter dated November
3d, 1852. In this letter Dr. Byron says:
With the above I
send you a plant known among the Indians as 'Spirit-weed,' which
means an exciting plant; the root and flowers are the parts used
644
NEW REMEDIES.
among the natives to produce, as they say, a shining eye and a big
face,' which means a brilliant eye and flushed and swelled face.
They use it by chewing it in water; those using it look bold,
big,' and talk loud, (speak eloquently). As soon as its effects pass
away, the user becomes stupid and very irritable. I have given it
as a medicine in several instances.'"
Dr. Lippe says: In order that we might determine this new
weed properly, I wrote to Prof. Asa Gray, of Cambridge, and sent
him the plant. He replied under date of the 15th of January, and
said that it was Lachnanthes tinctoria, and referred to his Manual, page
481."
Under the direction of Dr. Lippe, four provings were made
with this medicine. The first, by Wilhelm Raue, with the
third potency, of which he took one drop on the first day; two on the
second, and no more of the medicine until the twelfth and last day of
the experiment, when he took one drop of the 30th. The second by
Mr. Burroughs, who took one drop of the 3d on the first day, and
one drop of the 15th on the second day. This experiment lasted
three days. The third was by Chas. Raue, a physician, who took two
drops of the 3d on the first day; four on the third, and one drop of
the mother tincture on the fifth day. This experiment lasted twelve
days. The fourth was by Miss Boehme, aged thirty-four, who took
on the first day, two pellets of the 6th. No more medicine was taken
and the symptoms for the next twenty-four days were quite charac-
teristic and notable.
These provings are to be found in the American Homœopathic
Review, Volume IV. We are surprised that Dr. Lippe did not report
as to the health of the provers, previous to and at the the time of be-
ginning of each proving. In the case of Miss Boehme, in particular,
it would be interesting to know her physical condition at the time she
took the two pellets of the 6th potency, which seemed to cause such
an array of prominent symptoms of the skin, throat, head and pul-
monary organs. Some of the symptoms in the resumé were obtained
by Dr. Byron, of the Seminoles, and some were noticed by Dr.
Lippe.
We have been obliged to omit the publication of the daily record
of these provings, and give only the resume of the symptoms, ar-
ranged in accordance with the usual plan adopted in our Materia
Medica. The clinical observations are not many, but the few we have
are quite suggestive.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-In bed, toothache worse and cough worse.
When lying down in bed, pain in the right side of the forehead, cx-
tending to the right occiput; cramps of the calves of the legs. When
lying, palpitation of the heart which is felt in head; stinging sensation
on the lower side of the first joint of the second toe of the right foot
All symptoms disappear when walking about, after lying down the
LACHNANTHES TINCTORIA.
645
obscurations of sight return. When walking, tearing in the right
knee; when walking in the open air, singing in the ears and sen-
sations of squeamishness above the navel; painful drawing in the fore-
head. When running, sensation as if the foot were out of joint; when
moving the head quickly the sight becomes obscure (Gels.); when
turning the head or bending the head backwards, a sensation of dis-
location in the neck. By boring with the finger, crawling in the
left ear relieved. When touching the upper incisors and eye-teeth
with the tongue and closing the jaw, the sore pain in the teeth
is increased. After scratching, the itching and burning of the skin
is worse. Most of the symptoms appear in the afternoon. The fever
is worse from one to two A. M.
Characteristic Symptoms.-Fever, with circumscribed redness
of the cheeks, and brilliant eyes; worse from one to two A. M. This -
characteristic symptom places Lachnanthes with Belladonna, Hyos-
ciamus and Stramonium. It must become an important curative rem-
edy in pneumonia, nervous and typhous fevers, as well as in some
diseases of the brain. It is to be hoped that repeated provings will
give the homoeopathic physician more and clearer indications of
its many curative virtues.-(Lippe.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The few characteristic symptoms, as
produced by proving this new remedy, will strike the observing read-
er at once as having been the means of cure not to be found in the
same connection under any known medicine.—(Lippe.)
Skin.-Itching and burning of the skin all night, worse after
scratching. (Second day.) Stinging itching, lasting one hour. (Twelfth
day, P. M.) Pimples around the gluteus muscle. A hard red knot in
the inner canthus of the left eye; small pimples in the left inner
elbow joint; on the forehead, red, elevated pimples, (Fourteenth day.)
The red pimples on the 15th day suppurate, (Fifteenth day.)
Sleep.-Sleepy and ill-humored; going to sleep late, contrary to
habit. Restless sleep at night, with continually increasing dryness.
of the throat. In the meanwhile, wakefulness without feeling weak;
distressing dreams every night; heavy, feverish dreams every morn-
ing. In the night, in bed, short cough, with sore throat, followed by
coryza. Awaking frequently from sleep.
ache.
Mind.-Restlessness, tossing about; whining on account of head-
Ill-humoured and sleepy, becoming very much excited over
trifles. Delirium during pneumonia.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It will be found useful in the delirium
of fevers, and certain cutaneous disturbances.
646
NEW REMEDIES.
Nervous Symptoms.-Restlessness, tossing about; great restless
ness while perspiring. Whining on account of headache. Seeing
images while dozing through the day. Great loquacity, afterwards
stupid and irritable; towards evening hilarity.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. This medicine is undoubtedly a cere-
bral stimulant, like its general analogues, and will probably be found
useful in morbid conditions of the brain and nervous system, where
its characteristic symptoms are found.
Fever.-Icy coldness of the body; external heat, applied by
heated flat-irons ameliorates the coldness. General heat with per-
spiration on the forehead; dry heat; the feet burn; restlessness,
tossing about with much rumbling in the abdomen. Heat, followed
by perspiration; burning heat, with redness of the face, more on the
right side; flushes of heat, alternating with chilliness; feverish at
night; evening fever worse from six to twelve, with redness of the
face, more of the upper part. Feverish, with somnolency; fever with
delirium, circumscribed redness of the cheeks and brilliant eyes, in
pneumonia. Perspiration, with dizziness of the head, and boiling
and bubbling in the chest and region of the heart. Slight perspira.
tion all over; perspiration after restless sleep; much perspiration
after midnight; morning perspiration. The skin is cold, damp and
clammy-during the coldness pulse 74, some beats fast, some beats
slow; pulse ranges from 58 to 68.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The late Dr. Henry Duffield, of Oxford,
Chester county, Pa., reported to Dr. Lippe the following case, in
which the cure was ascribed to this medicine:
"On the day that I received my first dose of Lachnanthes, I went
to see my typhoid-pneumonia patient. I found her with very red
face, and her other symptoms very little abated since my visit on the
day before. I dissolved the Lachnanthes in water and gave it to her
immediately. On visiting her the next day, I found her doing very
well. The redness had left the face very soon after the medicine was
given, and all the rest of the pneumonia symptoms much better,
indeed almost entirely removed. She has continued to improve ever
since. I saw her to-day again. Her face very red and hot while I
was there, but I could not be certain that it was not from excitement.
I thought it best to let this day pass over without giving another dose
of Lachnanthes. She had a hard, dry cough, which appeared to pro-
ceed altogether from the larynx, and as the expectoration was white,
I gave Pulsatilla, and left directions with her sister that if the red-
ness of the face continued, then to-morrow to give the other dose of
Lachnanthes. Her case was one of bad typhoid fever before pneu-
monia set in, and her father, Dr. Thomas, Homœopathist, Wilmington,
Del., considered her case altogether hopeless and left her under the
impression that he would never see ber again alive.
She is now,
LACHNANTHES TINCTORIA.
647
however, in a fair way of recovery. In a letter under date of Feb.
7th, 1864, Dr. Duffield communicates some more particulars of this
case, He says:
'that in the second week of typhoid fever the
inflammatory lung symptoms set in, that Bryonia seemed at first in-
dicated, and later, Phosphorus; but neither arrested the progress of
the disease. It was then that he gave Lachnanthes, dissolved in
water, a table-spoonful every two hours. The improvement lasted for
one week, and then Pulsatilla was given, but the inflammatory symp
toms returning, the second of Lachnanthes was administered in water
as before. He then fully recovered and remains well.' Dr. Duffield
in a later letter recapitulates the condition of the patient, and says
the symptoms were as follows:
“Great soreness over the abdomen, with great sensitiveness to
touch; pulse quick, 110, small and wiry; bowels costive. At be-
tween one and two every morning delirium; at times' very great;
wanted to be dressed and go from the house; face then red; circum-
scribed redness in the middle of the cheeks continues till morning;
tongue coated yellowish-brown and dry. Bryonia and Rhus were
given with but little effect; on the seventh day deafness set in, and
on the eighth day excessive pain in the lungs, with violent cough and
bloody expectoration. Aconite and Phosphorus were given, and at
one A. M., Belladonna for the delirium. She had now much wind on
the stomach, with which she was much distressed, without any favor-
able symptoms for several days, except deafness, which became almost
total. It was at this stage that I received the Lachnanthes, which I
dissolved in water and ordered to be given every two hours a table-
spoonful. I visited her the next morning and found a decided change
for the better. There had been less delirium at two A. M.; the pulse
was soft and reduced to 100; the expectoration no longer discolored;
the tongue beginning to clean along the edges; the expression of the
countenance was life-like; her eyes had lost their great brilliancy.
The improvement continued seven days, when slight pneumonia
symptoms set in again, which were promptly removed by another
dose of Lachnanthes. I first visited her on the 12th of Oct., and
paid her my last visit on the 15th of November, but she had required
no medicine after the 10th of November. She is now fat and hearty,
her hearing is entirely restored. I must ascribe the favorable change
in her case, to the Lachnanthes, the very first spoonful of which, her
nurse said, had a marked, visible good effect. So confident was I of
the benefit from the Lachnanthes, that in a similar case, I should not
hesitate to use it with the fullest confidence in a beneficial result.”
Head.-Giddiness in the head, with sensation of heat in the
chest and around the heart; dullness of the whole head; dull head-
ache in the forehead and temples; dull headache across the occiput,
after previous pain in the forehead. Sensation as if the vertex was
enlarged, and was driven upwards; headache pressing the eyes out-
ward; dull pain, as from a bruise, from the os lachrymalis going over
the left eye, in the temple and behind the car; pressing in the right
648
NEW REMEDIES.
temple; pressing as from a finger on the left side of the vertex ; pain
on the right side of the forehead, round to the right side of the occi-
put, when lying down; the head feels enlarged, and as if split open
with a wedge from the outside to within; the body is very cold, im-
possible to get warm, even under a feather bed; the whole face
became yellow; the head burns like fire, accompanied with much
thirst; during the cold sensation, the skin is moist and sticky; pain-
ful tearing in the forehead in the open air. The tearing in the fore-
head continued through the night, waking the patient frequently from
sleep. Tearing in the left temple_down into the left upper molar
teeth tearing in the right temple down into the cheek, and also in
the vertex. Headache in the morning, worse at noon; in the evening
a pricking headache; better after eating; pain in the forehead with
general heat, alternating with cramp-like pain in the chest; at last it
tears in the nose and shoulders; feeling the palpitation of the heart
in the head, when lying down; burning of the head like fire; sensa-
tion as if the hair were standing on end, worse in the occiput.
whole scalp is very painful, even to the touch.
The
Eyes.--The sight becomes obscured; while looking at anything
fixedly, gray, fixed rings are seen. When reading or writing a small
gray spot, as large as a lentil, is running before the left eye, but not
when reading print. In looking long at one spot it becomes dark
before the eyes, very soon after taking the medicine. In moving the
head suddenly, it became dark to the eyes; brilliant eyes, pupils much
enlarged; sensation in the left os lachrymalis, as if something sepa-
rated itself, followed by a bruised, dull sensation which extends to
the left eye, near the glabella; pressing, as from dust in the eyes,
with secretions of white mucus in the canthi; twitching of the right
canthus; itching in the internal left canthus. Eyes dry; drawing of
the eyebrows and upper eyelids upward so that the gaze is fixed;
endeavoring to bring them down by force, they again recede; when
closing the eyes, the upper eyelids twitch visibly; in closing them
tightly, it grows worse. The edges of the eyelids are a little swollen.
Itching in the left upper eyelid, near the inner canthus; a small
hard knot is formed on the spot, which becomes red; the redness on
the upper eyelid has spread further, and is covered with little ves-
icles which itch a great deal. After four days all has disappeared.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The peculiar brilliant appearance of
the eyes, with red cheeks, is one of the characteristic indications
for the use of this remedy. (Sec fever cases.) It ought to prove a
good remedy in some cases of amaurosis.
LACHNANTHES TINCTORIA.
649
Nose.—Coryza ; crawling in the left nostril; pressure, as from a
thumb on the right and left side of the nose. Burning in the right
side of the nose; the nose bleeds profusely; blood pale; half a pint
of blood was lost.
Mouth.--On the left part of the edge of the tongue behind, pain
as if it had been bitten upon. Saliva of tough mucus.
Teeth.-Pain in all the teeth while drinking coffee; sensation
as if the upper incisors and eye-teeth have become loose, with a sen-
sation of soreness; worse when touching them with the tongue and
closing them. All the teeth painful, loose, and too long; worse in
bed.
Face. Tearing, pressing in the left cheek, towards the eye, as if
the eye would be pressed out; tearing from the right side of the
forehead into the cheek. Yellow color of the face; redness of the
face. Circumscribed redness of the face in the afternoon.
Ears. Singing before the left car; singing in the right ear when
walking in the open air; cracking in the right ear, followed by a sen.
sation as if it would discharge something; tearing and tingling in both
ears; crawling in the car relieved by boring, but immediately return-
ing; it feels then as if something had closed the ear; crawling in the
right car while eating; itching in the right ear, after first putting the
finger in the ear, and then taking it out; sensation as of cold in the
external ear.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-It seemed to relieve the deafness in Dr.
Duffield's case of nervous fever.
Throat.-Sensation of swelling in the left side of the throat; an
itching sensation when swallowing; roughness of the throat; dryness
with sleeplessness, followed by hoarseness; sore throat with a short
cough.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-A lady who had an ulcerated sore
throat, for which she had taken large doses of Mercury, and had her
throat burned with Argentum nit., was first relieved by Nitric acid
200th; but the continued great dryness in the throat, especially at
night when waking, accompanied by much cough, was greatly im
proved by one dose of Lachnanthes.-(Lippe.)
Appetite and Taste.-Much thirst; aversion to meat; after cat-
ing, pain in all the upper teeth; the headache in the forehead better
after supper.
Gastric Symptoms.-Hiccough in bed, lasting half an hour ; rais-
ing of sweetish water, with nausea; sudden sensation of squeam-
ishness in the stomach; sensation of squeamishness above the navel,
when walking in the open air.
650
NEW REMEDIES.
Stomach.—Fullness in the pit of the stomach; soon after taking
the medicine, rumbling in the left side of the stomach; later, rolling
of wind in the stomach.
Abdomen.-Swelling and twisting in the upper part of the abdo-
men, two inches above the navel; fermentation and rumbling in the
abdomen, and discharge of flatus; cutting in the upper part of the
abdomen, from the left to the right side; sensations of heat; feels as
if the bowels would be moved.
Stool and Anus.-Frequent desire to evacuate, without result;
evacuations as usual, but with much discharge of flatulency, and
pressing; after the passage, the sensation of heat in the abdomen
becomes less; continuous stitch in the anus.
Urinary Organs.-Pressing on the bladder when urinating; dur-
ing the night, some drops flow from the urethra which color the shirt
red.
Male Sexual Organs.-Violent burning in the left half of the
scrotum, drawing towards the right side; tingling and itching of the
scrotum and around it; for some days, perspiration and itching of the
scrotum and penis.
Back.-Sensation and stiffness in the neck, which extends over
the whole head down to the nose, then like pinching the nostrils to-
gether; sensation as if sprained in the neck, when turning or moving
the head backwards; stiffness in the neck following a pain in the
occiput. Pressing pain under the short ribs near the right side of the
spine; deep inside when taking a deep inspiration.
Larynx. Hoarseness; burning in the right side of the larynx;
dry cough from irritation of the throat.
Chèst. Some cough, worse when in bed, preventing sleep; cough
proceeding from irritation in the throat; cough in the morning and
cough in the evening; when inhaling, deep, pressing pain under the
short ribs, near the spine; full feeling in the chest; compelled to
inhale deeply; stitches, like knives, in the region of the left clavicle ;
previously, stitches like knives in the right chest; stitches like
knives following one another in quick succession, in the right side of
the chest, below the mamina, while at rest and when moving; sensa-
tion of heat in the region of the heart, going and coming. Hot and
oppressed feeling in the chest, with mild perspiration all over, of
short duration. Boiling and bubbling in the chest and region of the
heart; it rises to the head and he becomes giddy; head breaks out
in a warm perspiration; warmth in the chest and around the heart;
sensation of heat in the region of the heart.
LACHNANTHES TINCTORIA.
651
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Lippe reports the following case of
pneumonia, in which he gave this medicine:
"Miss B., aged twenty-three, had inflammation of the lungs; pulse
130; cheeks flushed, as with hectic persons; eyes very bright; out
of her mind; very thirsty; pains in the chest. First day, Aconite
and Belladonna alternately; pulse 95; her mind restored. Second
day the same; no further improvement. Third day, Rhus and Acon-
ite alternately, every two hours; pulse 90; less pain in the chest;
hard, dry cough; expectoration like brick matter. Fourth
day, Bryonia; pulse 100; cough not so dry; less pain, but
derangement of the mind and a chill. Fifth day, Arsenic, and six
hours afterwards, Carbo veg.; pulse 110; breathing more free and no
pain; fullness of the head; mouth very dry. Pulsatilla and Aconite
until the eighth day. All this time the cyes were unnaturally bright
and the face red, flushed, without losing it for a moment. Here I
made the first trial and gave this "spirit-weed," and in nine hours the
face and eyes bad lost their redness and brilliancy; in thirty-six
hours eye and face sunk into a sallow and lifeless appearance.
this stage, Aconite had the best influence. On the twelfth day, my
patient was convalescent. If it had not been for this medicine, I do not
know in what it might have resulted. I have used the same medicine
in two other cases, where its efficacy was equally true and prompt.
In
Back. Sensation of pain and stiffness in the neck, which extends
over the whole head down to the nose; then feels like pinching the
nostrils together. Sensation as if sprained in the neck, when turning
or moving the head backwards. Stiffness in the neck, followed by a
pain in the occiput; pressing pain under the short ribs, near the
right side of the spine, deep inside, when taking a deep inspiration;
burning in the region of the left kidney, deep, extending towards the
right side; burning in the spine, four inches above the small of the
back; burning on the right shoulder blade; stringency, as from the
sting of a bee, on the inner canthus of the left shoulder blade.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Lippe writes me that he has cured
several cases of rheumatic wry neck with the Lachnanthes.
Upper Extremities.-Tearing in the upper part of the arm, be-
ginning at the elbow joint where it pains most, up into the shoulder;
tearing in both elbow joints, at times upwards and then downwards'
frequently through the whole day; crawling (itching inside the left
elbow joint, soon after in the right-also in the right, more towards
evening,) continued for some days; burning of the palms of the
hands and soles of the feet; tearing in the knuckles of the middle
fingers of the right hand; drawing of the left index finger crooked.
Lower Extremities.-Tearing in the right ischium, deep inside;
on the left gluteus muscle, just on the joint, is found a pimple, with a
hard, red circumference, of the size of a penny; it is very painful,
652
NEW REMEDIES.
when touched exceedingly sore; afterwards it is burning. The small
pimples discharge a watery fluid, when they are scratched open; burn-
in the inside of the right thigh; burning, stinging in the left knee
pan; burning and pressing in the right knee, which becomes as red
as scarlet; tearing in the right tibia; cramp in the calves of the legs,
while lying in bed in the morning; sensation on the skin of the left
lower leg, inside, as if the vesicles were bursting; very soon after-
wards the same sensations on the corresponding side of the right
leg; tingling in both lower extremities and feet, through and through;
worse in the heat; burning in the feet; cramps in the feet during
the night; sudden sensation as if the left foot was gone in the joint;
afterwards tearing in the left ankle; tearing in the limbs; twitching
of the muscles in various parts of the body.
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
(Black Root.)
ANALOGUES.-Arsenicum, Baptisia, Curbo vegetabilis, China, Iris
versicolor, Mercurius, Myrica cerifera, Nitric acid, Podophyllum.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is the Veronica virginica of
Linnæus, and is known also by the names of Culver's Physic, Tall
Speedwell, Black Root, etc. It is an indigenous, perennial plant,
with a simple, straight, smooth, herbaceous stem, from two to five feet
in height. The leaves are whorled in fours to sevens, short, petioled,
lanceolate, acuminate, finely serrate, and glaucous beneath. The
flowers are white, numerous, nearly sessile, and disposed in long, ter-
minal, and verticillate and sub-terminal spikes. Spikes panicled,
crowded; bracts very small. Calyx four-parted. Corolla small,
nearly white, with a deeply four-cleft spreading border, the lateral or
lower segments narrower than the others, tubular, pubescent inside;
tube of the corolla longer than its limb, and much longer than the
calyx. Stamens two, very much exserted. Capsule oblong-ovate,
not notched, opening by four teeth at the apex, many seeded.
This plant grows throughout the United States, in limestone coun-
tries, and in rich, moist places, woods, thickets and barrens, and
flowers in July and August. The root is perennial, horizontal, irreg-
ular, woody, about as thick as the finger, from six to twelve inches
long, blackish externally, brownish internally, with many long, slen-
der, dark fibers, issuing horizontally in every direction. It is the
officinal part, and should be gathered in the fall of its second year.
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
653
It has
When fresh it has a faint odor, and a bitter, nauseous taste, which is
somewhat lessened by drying, and yields its properties to water at
212° F., and still better to alcohol. Age impairs its virtues.
not been satisfactorily analyzed, but is said to contain an essential
oil, bitter extractive, tannin, gum, resin, and woody fiber. Prof E.
S. Wayne has carefully examined this plant, and considers that the
active principle of the root is due to its bitter principle; and from
the minute quantity of the resinous matter found in it, there can be
no doubt but that it is correct.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture and its dilutions. Tritura-
tions of root. Leptandrin and its triturations.
It will be seen by the following proving and remarks, that there
are three forms in which this plant may be used. Each preparation
will have different medicinal effects, i. e., one preparation will possess
qualities which the others do not possess:
(I). The tincture of the fresh root, which will contain all the
medical virtues of the plant.
(2). The tincture, or trituration, of the dried root which will con--
tain only a portion of its virtues, as the narcotic and acrid principles
are probably volatile.
(3). The Leptandrin, which possesses about the same properties.
as the dried root, with perhaps less of the irritating qualities.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This is one of the oldest of our indigenous.
medicinal plants. Rafinesque, who describes the Leptandra very
minutely, designates the officinal plant as L. purpura, (purple flow-
ered,) which he says is only found in the savannahs of the South and
West. He calls the white-flowered variety the L. alba, which he
says is the most common species, being found all over the United.
States. He says, moreover, that the latter species has five varieties,.
but the difference is too small to be practical. Later botanists place.
the Leptandra virginica in the genus Veronica, where I do not find
the L. purpura of Rafinesque. That species, however, must possess
similar properties with the plant which we consider officinal.
says that the Indians designate these plants by many names, which it
may be well not to lose. The Delaware Indians call them Quitel;
the Missouri and Osages, Hini; the vulgar names of Culver-root,
Bowman's-root and Brinton-root were 'given for noted "botanic" phy-.
sicians of the early days of this country.
He
• The root
Concerning its medicinal effects, Rafinesque says:
alone is medicinal; bitter and nauseous; commonly used in warm de-
coction, as purgative and emetic, acting somewhat like the Eupato-
rium and Verbena. Some boil it in with milk for a milder cathartic,
or as a sudorific in pleurisy. A strong decoction of the fresh root
is a violent and disagreeable, but effectual and popular remedy for
summer bilious fevers. The roots lose much of their virulence by
drying, and a dram of the powder becomes an uncertain purgative,
while, when fresh, they are drastic and dangerous in substance, and
said to produce bloody stools, dizziness, vertigo and abortion.
The
654
NEW REMEDIES.
safest way is to use it in weak and cold infusion. Employed also for
rheumatism, spasms and bilious complaints."
Smith, one of the oldest physicians, used to use it as a specific in
pleurisy, "curing it with amazing speed," says Howard. The latter
writer extols its powers of removing the "black, tarry matters, which
it seems so necessary to carry off in bilious and typhoid fevers."
From the hands of the people and the "botanics" it passed to
the eclectics, who have made it one of their most highly vaunted
medicines, and which they use in the same routine manner that the
allopath uses blue mass. They consider it not only cholagogue and
laxative, but highly alterative and tonic, by which vague names they
designate certain pathogenetic and curative effects. The allopathic
school now use the Leptandrin quite extensively, but with character-
istic bigotry, they do not give the credit of its introduction where it
really belongs. The homoeopathic school has used the preparations of
this plant several years. It was first mentioned in our literature in
the homoeopathic magazine published by Dr. Pulte and others, in
Cincinnati, in 1852-3; and next by the writer, in the North American
Journal of Homœopathy, volume VII, page 224, (1858.)
The only extended proving of this medicine yet made, is that
which appeared in the first edition, and was instituted by Dr. Burt,
who used the alkaloid Leptandrin and the fluid extract of Leptandra
in massive doses. We ought to have provings made with the fresh
root, the dried root and their tinctures, and finally with the Leptan-
drin, in the triturations. Dr. Burt's provings were made with too
large doses and too often repeated. The experiments were too close
upon each other. That excellent prover, however, has lately declared
his belief that the best provings will be made with the attenuations,
but massive doses and attenuated doses should both be used in our
pathogenetic experiments, if we would get a complete picture of the
medicine.
*
General EffecTS.-King thinks the fresh root is too drastic and
uncertain for medicinal use, as it produces vomiting, bloody stools,
dizziness, vertigo, and in pregnant females, abortion, unless used with
much care. The dried root is declared to be "laxative, tonic, chola-
gogue and alterative.
* It exerts a powerful influence over the
absorbent system. *
It is thought to possess narcotic proper-
ties. Leptandra is, by the same author, said to be a "powerful chol-
agogue, with but slight laxative influence.” Prof Hill, when an
eclectic, thought it to be "aperient, alterative and tonic." Dr. Coe
regards it as "alterative, deobstruent, cholagogue, laxative and tonic."'
No remedy is held in higher estimation by the eclectic school than
this; and they use it profusely in all diseases, with the same disre-
gard for special indications that the allopaths have in their use of
Mercury. The following proving and clinical experience, though
meagre, may do something towards showing the real pathogenetic and
curative power of this agent:
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
655
•
DR. BURT'S PRoving.—first EXPERIMENT. (WITH LEPTANDRIN.)
January 29th. I am perfectly well; with a good appetite;
bowels regular, once a day; urine acid. My temperament is sanguine-
nervous, with a little of the bilious. Took one grain of Leptandrin
at 10 a. M.; 10:15, natural stool; 12 M.; constant, dull, frontal head-
ache, worse in the temples; constant distress in the lower part of the
epigastric region, and umbilicus-by spells there are sharp, cutting
pains in the same parts. Took two grains at 3 P. M.; slight, frontal
headache, with a dull, aching sensation in the umbilicus. Took three
grains, P. M.; constant, dull, frontal headache, very severe, deep in
the region of causality; constant, dull, aching distress in the umbili-
cus—at times there are very sharp pains in the same region. Took
four grains at 9 P. M.; the frontal headache has been very severe ;
eyes smart and ache very much; constant, aching distress in the um-
bilicus, with sharp pains at times; feeling very gloomy. Took five
grains.
January 30th.-Feeling very tired; slept middling well; awoke
several times, and found that I had a severe frontal headache. Took
six grains at 7 A. M.; 10 A. M., dull, slight headache, with slight dis-
tress in the umbilicus. Took eight grains at 12 M.; constant, dull
headache, very much worse in the regions of causality; eyes sore
and smart severely; constant, aching distress in the umbilical region.
Took ten grains at 2 P. M.; had to ride ten miles on horseback, did
not notice any symptoms. At 6 r. м. took fifteen graius; 9 P. M.,
slight, frontal headache; eyes ache and smart severely; constant,
aching distress in the epigastric and umbilical regions, with sharp,
cutting pains, by spells; urine slightly acid, no stool to-day.
January 31st.-Had a restless night after midnight; the pains
and distress in the bowels prevented me from sleeping; feeling
very languid; dull pain in the lower part of the right hypochondriac
region; tongue coated yellow along the center. Took twenty grains
at 8 A. M.; stool, first part hard, black and lumpy, afterwards soft
and mushy; 12 M., slight, frontal headache; eyes smart very much;
frequent, dull, aching pain in the lower part of the right hypochon.
driac region, near the gall bladder, with dull, aching distress in the
umbilical region, and rumbling in the bowels. Took twenty-five
grains at 2 P. M.; dull; aching, distress in the whole of the liver,
that extends to the spine; the most distress in the region of the gall-
bladder; great distress in the whole of the bowels, with sharp, cut-
ting pains, rumbling and desire for stool; stool soft and mushy,
ollowed by a very weak feeling in the bowels and rectum; 5 p. M.,
656
NEW REMEDIES.
frontal headache; eyes smart a great deal; constant, burning, aching
distress in the region of the stomach and liver; dull, aching distress
in the umbilical and hypogastric regions. Took twenty-five grains at
9 P. M.; dull, frontal headache, which is very deep in the cerebrum;
eyes smart very much; burning distress in the whole epigastric and
hypochondriac regions; constant, dull, aching distress in the umbili
cal and hypogastric regions, with very sharp pains every few minutes;
makes me feel very weak and faint; constant, dull and aching pain
in the right inguinal region, which passes down to the right testicle;
it is very hard to endure the pain in the testicle; dull aching in the
lumbar region; urine rather scanty, and does not affect blue litmus
paper.
February 1st. Had a restless night after midnight; skin was
hot and dry, with frequent pain in the bowels; eyelids agglutinated;
unpleasant, flat taste in the month; tongue coated yellow along the
center; great rumbling and distress in the hypogastric region, with &
profuse, black, very foetid, soft, papescent stool, with slight pain in
the bowels afterwards; feeling very languid. At 6 a. m. took thirty
grains; 11 a. m., frequent, dull, aching distress in the umbilical and
hypogastric regions. Took forty grains at 2 p. m.; for the last two
hours I have been in awful pain and distress in the umbilical and
hypogastric regions; drinking cold water aggravates the pain and
distress very much; dull, aching, burning distress in the region
of the gall-bladder, with frequent chilliness along the spine; great
distress in the bypogastric region with great desire for stool; very
profuse, black stool, about the consistence of cream, with undigested
potatoes in it. This gave great relief, but was followed by great dis-
tress in the region of the liver, extending to the spine; it is of a hot
and aching character, with chilliness along the spine; 5 p. m., slight
frontal headache, with sharp pains in the temples; there has been
very constant distress, with very sharp pains by spells, in the lumbar
region; 10 p. m., slight frontal headache, with sharp pains in the
temples; there has been constant distress, with pains in the whole of
the abomen, since 5 p. m.; but, for the last half hour, the pains in the
umbilical and hypogastric regions have been awful to endure, with
rumbling and great desire for stool; a very profuse, black, foetid
stool, that ran a stream from my bowels, and could not be retained a
moment, this gave me great relief, but did not stop the pain
altogether; urine very red, does not affect blue litmus paper.
February 2d.-Slept soundly; feeling very languid; both wrists
are very lame and ache quite severely; the left one aches the most,
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
657
pain lasting until noon; tongue coated yellow along the center; flat.
taste in the mouth. Immediately after getting up, a very severe
aching distress came on in the epigastric region. At 10 a. m., the
distress in the stomach is constantly getting worse; I cannot sit or
stand still, it is so severe food rises very sour; the painful distress
in the stomach has been unendurable all the forenoon; it is a hard,
aching, burning sensation, and appears to be in the stomach; 9 p. m.,.
the painful distress in the stomach has not been so hard, but have:
had severe pains in the umbilical region all the afternoon; urine neu-
tral; no stool to-day.
February 3d.-Slept soundly; awoke at 5 a. m., feeling very
hungry, with great pain in the epigastric region, and continued until
I had breakfast; frequent pains in the epigastric region all day.
February 4th.-Slept well; feeling quite well; great desire for
food; stool, first part natural, second part soft and mushy.
SECOND EXPERIMENT. (WITH LEPTANDRA.)
February 5th.-Awoke at 2 a. m., feeling very hungry; have a
great appetite. 11 a. m., took twenty drops of the fluid extract of
Leptandra; 12 m., dull, frontal headache; profuse secretion of tears;
dull, aching distress in the stomach and umbilical region; 3 p. m.,
slight headache; constant, aching distress in the umbilicus with
sharp pains by spells; sharp, cutting pains near the gall-bladder.
Took thirty drops at 4 p. m.; dull, frontal headache, with a sensation
as if the hair were pulled at; good deal of distress in the stomach
and bowels, with a burning sensation; 6 p. m., dull, aching distress
in the umbilicus. Took forty drops; 10 p. m., there has been a great
deal of distress in the umbilicus, with a great burning distress in the
back part of the liver and the spine; soft, mushy stool; took fifty
drops.
February 6th.-Slept well; arose once in the night; immediately
I became sick at my stomach, with a deathly faintness; tongue coated
yellow; flat taste in the mouth. 7 a, m., took six drops; 10 a. m.,
sliight headache; great distress in the small intestines, and desire
for stool; stool soft, very fœtid, and black. Took seventy drops;
noon-dull, aching distress in the umbilical region, with very sharp
pains by spells. Took eighty drops; 3 p. m., slight frontal headache;
eyes smart a good deal; constant, dull, aching pain in the cardiac
portion of the stomach; great distress in the umbilicus.
Took one
hundred drops; 10 p. m., slight, frontal headache, with neuralgic pain
in the right temple; eyes smarting constantly, with dull pains in the
42
658
NEW REMEDIES.
eyeballs; have had very severe pains in the stomach and small intes-
tines, with great distress and desire for stool; stool soft, very fœtid
and mushy; have been very gloomy and irritable all day. Took one
hundred and twenty drops.
February 7th.-Up all night with a very sick patient; had fre-
quently severe pains in the umbilical and hypogastric regions; stool
at 3 a. m., which ran a stream from my bowels, followed by very
severe cutting pains in the intestines; 8 a. m., very severe frontal
headache, walking makes it almost intolerable; great distress in the
stomach and all the small intestines, with great desire for stool, that
could not be retained one moment; run a stream from my bowels,
very foetid, with large quantities of mucus in it, followed by severe
pain in the hypogastric region. Took one hundred and sixty drops.
10 a. m., there has been constant and very violent frontal headache;
great distress in the stomach and small intestines, with frequent
pains in the umbilicus that make me feel very faint and weak; great
rumbling in the bowels; stool that could not be retained, consisting
of water and large quantities of mucus and a little yellow matter,
followed by very hard pains in the umbilicus; very dizzy while walk-
ing; quite weary and languid, can hardly walk; 12.m., severe frontal
headache; constant, cull, burning, aching distress in the whole of the
bowels, with frequent pain and rumbling, and great desire for stool;
stool of water and mucus, followed by very hard pain in the hypogas-
tric and umbilical regions; another very profuse, thin stool, with
large quantities of mucus; great frontal headache; very weak and
languid, compelled to go to bed; 5 p, m., slept two hours, awoke with
great distress in the whole of the bowels, and great desire for stool;
profuse watery stool mixed with mucus, that could not be retained
5 p. m., another stool of water and mucus, with part natural fæces
very fœtid; 6 p. m., another stool, with large quantities of mucus in
it, followed by sharp, cutting pains and great distress in the umbil-
ical region, feeling very weak and faint; 9 p. m., another profuse
stool that could not be retained, followed by severe pains in the
bowels; very severe frontal headache.
February 8th.-Slept soundly, feeling very languid; tongue
coated yellow along the centre; dull, aching distress in the bowels ;
during the night have had frequent pains in the umbilicus, with much
rumbling all day; no stool; great appetite.
February 9th.-Lost my sleep last night, and am feeling very bad
to-day; have had frequent pains in the bowels all day, with severe
headache; no stool.
น
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
659
February 10th.-Slept well; feeling very well, excepting frequent
pains in the umbilical region; soft, yellow, papescent stool, preceded
by pain in the umbilical region.
FRAGMENTARY PROVING.
A student of Hahnemann Medical College informed me that in
the fall of 1865, he took, while in good health, several doses daily of
Leptandrin,, for about two weeks. During the experiment he
had a
severe attack of jaundice, accompanied with diarrhoea of
clay-colored evacuations, headache, and the symptoms usually seen in
such cases. I expected to obtain of him the particular symptoms
noticed, but as he made no record of them, he thought that he could
not recal them. It is much to be regretted that no such record was
made, as the jaundice was undoubtedly the effect of the medicine.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Languid, tired feeling; feel very weak
and faint; very weak and languid, can hardly walk; faintness from
the severe nausea at night; general relaxation of the system; great
prostration; great lassitude, with disinclination to talk; talking is
very laborious; physical and mental depression, with vertigo and
drowsiness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Notwithstanding the assertion of eclec-
tic physicians, Leptandra, in large doses, depresses the general
strength of the system. It is only when used in proper medicinal,
(i. e. homoeopathic,) doses, that this medicine acts as a tonic.
It is a
tonic in the same manner as Arsenic, Nitric acid and Mercury, by
removing abnormal conditions. Dr. Gatchell says, "a characteristic
indication for its exhibition is excessive debility.' Dr. Coe declares
that "one great advantage possessed by the Leptandra is its tonic
power. It never debilitates, but, on the contrary, invigorates while it
deterges." Yet he admits that its operation is frequently attended
with considerable prostration. I have witnessed cases in which a
decoction of the fresh root had been administered, where the prostra-
tion was excessive, and resembled that caused by Mercury.
Mucous Membranes.-"No remedy with which we are acquainted
is more to be relied upon in chronic affections of the mucous sur-
faces."—(Coe). The fresh root, especially, seems to have a peculiar
irritating effect upon mucous surfaces. This may proceed to inflam-
mation. It may cause pseudo-membranous inflammation of the
intestines, as occurs in acute enteritis. Coe says Leptandra is cura-
tive in this condition when it occurs in chronic diarrhoea and dysen-
tery. It causes an increased secretion and discharge of mucus from
the intestinal surfaces, (the mucous follicles,) and in higher grades
660
NEW REMEDIES.
of its toxical action, the secretion is so much increased that the dis-
charges are profuse and watery. It may even cause ulceration,
sloughing and gangrene.-(See Intestines, Stools, etc.)
Serous Membranes.-It seems to have some action on these
membranes, but probably only indirectly.
Nerves of Motion and Sensation.-Its action upon the nervous
system is probably not direct or notable.
Glandular System." The glandular system, including the skin,
partakes of its healthful impress."-(Coe.) Dr. Gatchell says it causes
pain in the sub-maxillary glands. In Dr. Burt's proving, it seemed to
cause pain in the inguinal glands. Its action upon the liver seems to
be well attested. It arouses its secretory and excretory functions.
It probably irritates the whole intestinal glandular apparatus, when
given in large doses. In small doses, used homœopathically, it res-
tores these glands to a healthy action.
Fever.--Pulse diminished in frequency; feet and legs, from the
knees down, feel cold and numb; pulse full, but reduced from sixty
to forty; great lassitude; languor of the whole system; disinclination
to talk, which is very laborious; chilly sensation at the shoulders
and down the back; tendency to shiver; sore and lame feeling in the
small of the back.-(Gatchell.) Skin hot and dry; pain in the bowels,
with chilliness along the spine.-(Burt.) Universal chilliness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Coe remarks that when the Leptandra
is given in disease, and the patie it is fairly brought under its consti-
tutional influence, "the skin, which was before hot, dry and constricted,
becomes soft, moist and flexible; expectoration becomes easy, the:
arterial excitement is lessened, and the patient before restless, wake-
ful and delirious, becomes calm, rational and inclined to sleep." He
considers it a valuable remedy in typhoid fevers, and in his opinion
King, Jones, Morrow and others concur. Some homœopathic practi-
tioners, as Hill, Gatchell and many of my correspondents, place the
same high estimate upon its curative powers in typhoid states, when
there is present great prostration, stupor, heat and dryness of the
skin, calor mordax, or coldness of the extremities; dark, fætid, tarry
or watery stools, mixed with bloody mucus, and an icterode condition.
In intermittent fever it is a favorite and much-used medicine by
nearly all Western physicians of both schools, who combine it with
Quinine. They assert that it renders the action of Quinine more
certain, and prevents the liability to a return of the disease, at least,
for the season, and is useful in periodic diseases generally, of an ob-
stinate character, in which Quinine produces little or no result. In
my experience, which at one time was very large in diseases of the
character referred to, the Leptandra did really act in a very benefi-
cial manner. My method was to use it in alternation with Quinine,
China, Nux vomica, or any other medicine indicated, and always.
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
661
in accordance with what I considered to be its homoeopathic
applicability. I do not consider that it has any real anti-periodic
power, as some drugs undoubtedly have, but it removes conditions of
the liver which often tend to keep up a continuance of intermittent
maladies. I usually gave it for the following symptoms: Consider-
able prostration; loss of appetite; heavily coated brown tongue; bit-
ter taste in the mouth; constipation, or diarrhoea with dark, fœtid
stools; jaundice; yellow, saturated urine.
In bilious fevers, I have given it for nearly the same symptoms,
using Leptandrin, second or third decimal trituration.
In infantile remittent, I have had some excellent results from its
use, administering the second or third dilution of the tincture, or the
third and fourth trituration, as seemed most proper.
Mind, Sleep.-Gloomy, desponding; sleep disturbed by the pains
in the head and bowels; sleep more disturbed after midnight; very
gloomy and irritable all day; drowsiness; a kind of stupor of the
mental faculties.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It causes symptoms of the mind simi-
lar to those occurring during disordered conditions of the liver, such
as hepatic torpor, congestions and the like. Some writers consider
the fresh root to possess narcotic properties. It seems homœopathic
to the drowsiness attending hepatic torpor, or to that occurring in
typhoids.
Skin.-Skin hot and dry, with frequent pains in the bowels.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is probably not homoeopathic to any
of the various affections of the skin; but it may be found useful when
they are aggravated by the retention of bile. In the intolerable itch-
ing of the skin, occurring in jaundice, it will prove useful.-(See
Liver.)
Head.— Constant, dull, frontal headache, worse in the temples;
slight, frontal headache, with dull, aching sensation in the umbilicus;
dull, frontal headache, apparently deep seated in the cerebrum ;
slight frontal headache, with neuralgic pains in the right temple ;
very severe, frontal headache, made nearly unbearable by walking ;
very dizzy while walking; feeling as if the hair were being pulled
at; vertigo.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-With the knowledge we now possess of
the action of this medicine, especially on the liver, we can very prop-
erly decide the above described headache to be the so-called "bilious
headache." It somewhat resembles the cephalalgia caused by Nux
and Bryonia. A bilious headache is usually accompanied by consti-
pation, furred tongue, bitter taste, indigestion, yellow urine, languor
and depression of spirits. A free discharge from the bowels, of dark-
brown, or greenish, feculent matter, usually dissipates the pain.
Such headaches are relieved and even cured by the use of Leptan-
drin, second or third trituration.
662
NEW REMEDIES.
Eyes.--Eyes smart and ache very much, (this symptom was pres-
ent during the whole of the proving); eyelids agglutinated; profuse
secretion of tears; eyes smarting constantly, with dull, aching pains
in the eyeballs; painful sensation in the left eyelid; lids and balls
feel constricted.—(Dr. Gatchell.)
Mouth Throat, etc.-Tongue coated, yellow along the center;
pain in the submaxillary glands.
Gastric Symptoms.-Tongue coated yellow along the centre;
flat, pappy taste in the mouth; nausea, with deathly faintness upon
rising in the night: painful distress in the stomach, with rising of
food, very sour; canine hunger; nausea, with faintness; nausea, fol-
lowed by vomiting; severe vomiting, accompanied by diarrhoea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Among the eclectics, it is considered a
"valuable remedy for dyspepsia." This phrase is continually used in
reference to Leptandra. But dyspepsia may be caused by many
various morbid states, both of the stomach and liver, viz: It may
depend upon an excess or a deficiency of bile; on gastric catarrh,
and degeneration of the gastric glands, atony of the stomach, defi-
ciency of the gastric juice, etc., etc. My experience with Leptandra
inclines me to the opinion that it is chiefly homeopathic to those
varieties of dyspepsia which depend upon disordered states of the
liver, and atony of the stomach. I have found it useful, used in alter-
nation with Nux vomica, in men, and Pulsatilla in women. If there
is present, constipation, headache, jaundice and a bitter taste in the
mouth, I prefer the first decimal trituration. If there is diarrhoea,
rising of sour ingesta, nausea, pain in the bowels and debility, the 3d
or 6th trituration.
Stomach.-Constant distress in the lower part of the epigastrium
and upper portions of the umbilical regions; sharp, cutting pains at
intervals, in the same parts; constant, aching distress in the stomach
and umbilical regions; constant, burning, aching sensation in the
stomach and liver, aggravated by drinking cold water; severe aching
pain in the stomach immediately after rising, and continuing all the
forenoon; dull, aching pain in the cardiac portion of the stomach;
great distress in the stomach and small intestines, with great desire
for stool, which could not be retained one moment; weak, sinking
sensation at the pit of stomach.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It would seem homoeopathic to some
forms of gastralgia, cardialgia, pyrosis, and some of the various pains
and distressing sensations which accompany indigestion. The "sink-
ing sensation at the pit of the stomach," caused by Leptandra, is one
of the most valuable symptoms, and indicates its appropriateness in
congestion of the liver and portal system. It should be administered
at the 2d or 3d decimal trituration.
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
663
Liver.-Dull aching pain in the lower part of the right hypo-
chondriac region, near the gall-bladder, with dull, aching pain in the
umbilicus, and rumbling in the bowels; dull aching in the whole of
the liver-the pain extends to the spine, but is worse near the gall.
bladder; constant, dull, burning distress in the epigastric and hypo-
chondriac regions; dull, aching, burning distress in the region of the
gall-bladder, with frequent chilliness along the spine; profuse, black,
undigested stool, followed by great distress in the region of the liver'
extending to the spine; the pain is of a hot, aching character, with
chilliness along the spine; sharp, cutting pains near the gall-bladder;
great burning distress in the back part of the liver, and in the spine;
pain in the left shoulder and arm. Jaundice, with clay-colored stools.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. -The eclectic school of medicine, and
even the allopathic, claim for Leptandra that it possesses a specific
affinity for the liver; that it profoundly modifies its functions in
various ways. King says of Leptandra: "It is a cholagogue. It
causes the liver to act with great energy, and without active catharsis,
and is employed with success in all hepatic affections. *
It
is indicated by an inactive state of the liver, and all functional dis-
eases of that organ." And of Leptandrin, he says:
And of Leptandrin, he says: "It is the only
known medicine which efficiently stimulates and corrects the hepatic
secretions, and removes functional derangements of the liver, with-
out debilitating the system by copious alvine evacuations." Other
writers of that school reiterate the same statements, and all eclectic
practitioners use it with unhesitating confidence. It is to that school
what "blue mass" is to the allopathic, while the Podophyllin is con-
sidered to take the place of calomel. But the wide recommendation
of Leptandra in "all functional derangements of the liver," is too
sweeping, and resembles the assertions of the allopaths, that Mercury
is the only remedy in "all hepatic derangements." We are aware
that the researches of Inman and Thudichum seem to render it
doubtful if Mercury acts directly upon the liver, but the great mass
of the allopathic school still use it, and probably will for the next ten
generations.
*
*
Dr. Burt's admirable proving of Leptandra, which we here-
with present to the profession, establishes the fact beyond all
controversy, that this medicine does exercise an influence, of no
doubtful power, over the liver and its secretions. The hepatic symp-
toms are well marked, both the subjective and objective, and the whole
experiment goes to prove what I have so often asserted in my writings,
viz: that all the remedies successfully used by the allopathic school,
are used strictly in accordance with the homoeopathic law of cure;
and being administered under that law, do effect cures, notwithstand-
ing the large doses in which they are given-doses which very often
produce needless and painful, and sometimes injurious medicinal
aggravations. In regard to the real action of Leptandra on the liver
and secretions, I do not propose to hazard any decided opinion, inas-
664
NEW REMEDIES.
much as the action of the Mercury even, upon that organ, is involved
in considerable mystery. The same may be said of such analogous
medicines as Iris versicolor and Podophyllum. But I may throw out
a few suggestions, which may be taken for what they are worth:
"Calomel* increases the fluid, but diminishes the solid con-
stituents of the bile." It is my opinion that Podophyllin and
Iris versicolor act in a similar manner. Leptandra, on the contrary,
seems to increase the solid and decrease the fluid constituents of that
secretion; or, in other words, Leptandra may have the power of facilita-
ting the proper elimination of the excrementitious portions of the bile,
or an excess of the non-excrementitious portions. It is at present be-
lieved that the retention of cholesterine in the blood is very injurious.
That substance acts somewhat after the manner of urea, namely: as a
direct poison to the nervous centres. Its non-elimination causes head-
ache, vertigo, languor, depression of spirits, painful sensations in various
portions of the body, etc. Now, it is highly probable that Leptandra
increases, directly, the elimination of this substance, for under its
action, when given in proper medicinal doses, the symptoms enumer-
ated above, are rapidly dissipated. The retention of other excremen-
titious constituents of the bile cause various morbid conditions, and
the Leptandra, by its peculiar action, seems to be the remedy most
likely to be of benefit when we wish to eliminate such substances
through the liver. As it does not appear to increase the fluid con-
stituents of the bile, as does Podophyllum and Iris versicolor, its
apparent tonic effect, even in material doses, may thus be accounted
for. Mercury, however, seems to have in some instances, a similar
action with Leptandra. In minute doses, in certain states of the
system, it acts as a tonic; i. e., it removes the morbid state by its
homoeopathic action, and the vital powers resume their normal sway.
Some further suggestions relating to the action of Leptandra may
not be amiss.
Its primary pathogenetic action seems to be that of a stim-
ulant, or irritant of the hepatic cells. Chambers states that
"Mercury, Nitro-muriatic acid and Manganese cause an increase of
yellow matter in the cells of the liver." Podophyllum may have
the same effect; also Leptandra. As a consequence of this pri-
mary stimulation and irritation, we have the increased elimination
before mentioned, and sometimes acute congestion and inflammation.
Leptandra, therefore, is primarily homœopathic to an irritable con-
dition of the liver, in which the discharges are of the peculiar char-
"acter described under "Stool," and the pains and abnormal sensations
are similar to those under "Liver.” The secondary effect of Lep-
tandra is over-stimulation, or a condition of exhausted irritability, in
which the hepatic cells refuse to perform their office, (particularly
that of eliminating the excrementitious substances from the blood.)
In such cases, we have the following conditions, namely: Jaundice,
from retention of biliary matters in the blood; so-called "bilious
symptoms; congestion of the liver, and even chronic inflammation of
*Draper's Physiology.
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
665
that organ, with its complications of enlargement, abscess and various
other structural changes. Leptandra is therefore secondarily homo-
opathic to the last named pathological states. The size of the dose,
let me remind the reader, will depend on its primary or secondary
homoeopathicity.
Dr. H. M. Warren, of Jonesville, Mich., reports the following
rapid and suggestive cure of a severe case of hepatic disease. Its
effects in this case would seem to show that it has a powerful and
rapid action on the liver.
"Mrs. W, aged 75, was one morning suddenly attacked with
the following symptoms, her health up to the previous evening being
good: Deliriousness, complete prostration, heat and dryness of the
skin, coldness of the extremities; fœtid and tarry stools; tongue
thickly coated, with a black streak down the centre. I have seldom
seen a patient attacked so suddenly, especially with these symptoms,
and with such complete prostration. I gave her Rhus and Baptisia-
the latter for her fever, which was high, the pulse being quick but
weak. The next morning, Friday, I thought she appeared more con-
scious, and could understand questions put to her.
I gave her five
grains of Leptandra 2d, in a tumbler half full of water. I never
saw a more rapid recovery. The bowels became natural, tongue
cleaned, consciousness and strength returned.
Dr. Neidhard writes me as follows, in relation to the action of
Leptandra on the liver:
'I would draw the attention of my professional brethren to the
admirable effect of Leptandra in certain cases of liver-complaint.
Four cases of this kind are now before me, characterized by the fol-
lowing symptoms: These states of the liver are quarterly, periodical,
occurring every two or three months; yellow-coated tongue; constant
nausea, with vomiting of bile; shooting or aching pains in the region
of the liver; loss of appetite; urine of a brownish color, or at any
rate, very dark; there is also, often, pain in the transverse colon;
giddiness in the head. The most characteristic symptom consists in
the presence of very dark, almost black evacuations from the bowels."
Abdomen.-Constant, dull, aching distress in the umbilical
region, with occasional, sharp, cutting pains in the same region;
pain and distress in the bowels, preventing sleep; dull pain in the
lower part of the right hypochondriac region and near the gall-blad-
der, with dull, aching distress in the umbilical region, and rumbling
in the bowels; great distress in the whole of the bowels; sharp, cut-
ting pains, with rumbling and desire for stool; stool followed by very
weak feeling in the bowels and rectum; constant, dull, aching distress
in the umbilical and hypogastric regions, with sharp pains every few
minutes—the pains makes me feel very faint; constant, dull, aching
pains in the right inguinal region, passing down to the testicle; dull,
aching pain in the lumbar region; great rumbling and distress in
666
NEW REMEDIES.
the hypogastric region, with a profuse, black, foetid stool, followed
by slight pains in the bowels; great distress in the hypogastric region
with great desire for stool—the pain is aggravated by drinking cold
water; a good deal of distress in the stomach and bowels, with a
burning sensation; stool, followed by very severe, cutting pains in
the small intestines; distention of the abdomen; sense of vermicular
motion in the colon; sense of coolness in the alimentary canal; pain
in the left iliac region; rumbling in the intestines; flatulence.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Leptandra is homoeopathic to a
variety of chronic enteritis, especially that form which is so common
in camps, and among the lower class of our population in cities.
It should be useful in bilious enteralgia, and the colics from flat-
ulence, etc.
During the course of cases of typhus abdominalis, symptoms
will often arise, which call for its administration. Every practi-
tioner has met with cases in which the icteric symptoms, the pros-
tration, and frequently the abdominal pain, and the character of the
intestinal discharges, resemble very closely those found in the
provings of Leptandra. It is not suitable for conditions of such
intensity as call for the use of Arsenicum, but for those cases where
the derangement is still functional, and there is yet no real decompo-
sition of the fluids and and solids, no ulcerations, etc., such as Arsen-
icum causes. I have used the second decimal trituration in a few
cases of typhus abdominalis, with unequivocal benefit.
Stool.-Hard, black and lumpy; afterwards soft and mushy stool;
stool soft and mushy, and followed by a very weak fecling in the
bowels and rectum; great rumbling and distress in the hypogastrium,
with a profuse, black, and very fœtid papescent stool, followed by
slight pain in the bowels; great desire for stool; very profuse, black
stool of the consistence of cream, and partially digested, followed by
great relief; profuse, black, foetid stool, preceded by severe pain in
the umbilical and hypogastric regions; inability to retain the stool,
which is followed by great relief; great distress in the small intes-
tines and desire for stool, followed by a soft, very fœtid and black
stool; watery stool, followed by severe cutting pains in the small
intestines; inability to retain the stool, which is very profuse, fœtid
and watery, with large quantities of mucus, and followed by very
severe pain in the hypogastrium; desire for stool, with great rumb-
ling in the bowels, followed by profuse stool of watery mucus inter-
mingled with yellow matter-the evacuation was followed by severe
pain in the umbilicus; profuse, thin stool, with large quantities of
mucus, followed by sharp, cutting pains, and great distress in the
umbilical region.
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
667
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is a stereotyped phrase of eclectic
writers that the Leptandra causes "copious, tar-like dejections from
the bowels." They teach that when this symptom occurs, after the
administration of Leptandra in disease, it is a very favorable symp-
tom, and recovery is confidently predicted. This assumption is based
upon the well known fact, that similar evacuations do often occur
during the course of bilious and other fevers, hepatic discases, etc.,
and seems to be of a "critical" character, i. e., they relieve the system
of certain morbid matters, which had caused the malady. I have
treated many malarious fevers of a pernicious character, when these
tar-like discharges occurred under the homoeopathic use of Arsenicum
and Rhus, and when the peculiar evacuations were not due to the
medicine, but to the vis medicatrix naturæ. I have known them to
occur during an attack of supposed portal congestion, when no medi-
cine had been taken. But this pathogenesis of Leptandra proves
that those peculiar dark discharges are not always the result of natural
disease-in other words, this medicine is not alone an eliminative of
such morbid matters, but actually causes such evacuations, when given
to a healthy person. Eclectic writers erroneously teach that when
the Leptandra causes black evacuations, it shows that the system was
being poisoned with "vitiated bile," or some other morbid matters.
It is this belief that has led to the indiscriminate routine and injur-
ious use of this remedy, in many diseases. They do not stop to ask
themselves the question, whether the tar-like discharges might not be
due to the poisonous action of the drug? I have known patients
under eclectic treatment to be kept under the action of Leptandra
day after day, until the third stage of poisoning-namely, that state
when watery mucus and bloody stools occur-because the physician
supposed he must continue the administration of the medicine until
the black discharges ceased. When they did cease, then the disease
was said to "run into dysentery;" but it was the dysentery of Lep-
tandra. So much for the blind adherence to prevailing opinion,
which is the curse of all medical schools. There are some peculiar-
ities in relation to the symptomatology of the evacuations caused by
Leptandra. The catharsis caused by it may be divided into four
stages:
(1) Discharge of black, thick, tar-like, foetid substances.
(2) Thinner, brownish, often foetid evacuations.
(3) Stool of mixed mucus, flocculent, and watery matters, with yel-
low bile, or blood.
(4) Mucus, bloody stool, mixed with shred-like substance-often
pure blood is discharged.
Now, to prescribe a drug successfully, we should know the differ-
ent stages of its pathogenetic action. This is just as important as to
know the stages of disease. The catharsis of Podophyllum differs
materially from that of Leptandra, and although it causes some of
the varieties of stool, they occur in a different order, If we are
called upon to prescribe for a diarrhoea, we should investigate its
history; if that history corresponds in order and nature, with the
668
NEW REMEDIES.
Leptandra-disease, then that drug is the specific remedy. In the
treatment of a dysentery the same rule holds good; dysentery
occurs in the fourth stage of Leptandra-poisoning, while it occurs in
the second stage of Podophyllum-intestinal-irritation. With some
drugs, scanty, bloody, and mucus stools, occur, as a primary symptom,
as in cases where the rectum is the seat of inflammation.
Teste was the first to call attention to the importance of selecting
remedies upon this data, and the practitioner will find the rule a
valuable one.
Dr. P. P. Wells, of New York has lately called the attention of
the profession to the characteristic symptoms of drugs; those symp-
toms which make it differ from all other drugs. Thus, there are
many remedies for "black stools,” but not all will remove that con-
dition; the collateral symptoms must correspond. This subject will
be noticed in another place. In the subject of the proving of Lep-
tandra, it should not escape the notice of the physician, that the
evacuations per anum are accompanied by some peculiar symptoms:
The pains in the intestines usually occur after stool; in the Podo-
phyllum diarrhoea they occur before, while in the diarrhoea of mercury,
and many others, the pain is severe during the stool. It will also be
noticed that the evacuations are not followed by tenesmus. The
proving here given does not mention it, nor do I find it mentioned in
any article referring to its action. In practice I have not found it
useful when there was marked tenesmus attending the disease. Such
remedies as Podophyllum, Aloes, and Mercurius, are more appli
cable.
I am inclined to believe that Leptandra does not have any direct
specific effect upon the rectum. Its action on the liver and portal
system, undoubtedly causes it to affect the rectum and hemorrhoidal
vessels, but this action is indirect. If we carefully study the princi-
ples of Leptandra, after the method proposed by Dr. P. P. Wells, we
shall find it a drug possessing a distinct individuality, as much as
any other drug in our materia medica.
In acute diarrhea, we shall find this medicine often indicated,
and it will prove a valuable specific when administered for the patho-
logical conditions in which it is indicated-those, and the symptoms,
are well shown by the proving.
In chronic diarrhea, this drug is even more reliable for the gene-
ral condition, which is shown by the following extracts from my lec-
ture on Leptandra, delivered before the class of Hahnemann Medical
College, in the winter of 1864 :—
"The three principal varieties of chronic diarrhoea, in which Lep-
tandra will be found useful, are:
(a) From chronic inflammation or irritation of the mucous
membrane.
"(b) Dependent on hepatic derangement.
[
(c) Diarrhoea of debility.
Some of the indications for Leptandra in the first-named varie-
ty, I have already given. But I will here call your attention to one
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
669
form of this affection, which bears the common name of “camp
diarrhea." This disease is usually contracted in camp, where the-
soldiers are ill-protected from atmospheric changes, and are exposed
to cold, dampness, and foetid exhalations, from refuse matter, decay-
ing vegetation, etc. These, together with improperly cooked food,
and bad water, are the principal causes of this malady. Its onset is
sometimes gradual, lasting for days and weeks before the surgeon's
attention is called to it by the patient; but it often attacks its victims
suddenly, and assumes the character of a cholera morbus, or acute
enteritis. It is one of the most intractable diseases with which our
army has to contend. Under allopathic treatment it is almost incura-
ble, and sometimes resists all medication, so long as the man remains
in camp or barracks, exposed to the same influence which caused it,.
and obliged to subsist upon the usual hospital diet. In the acute
stages the following treatment will be found most applicable: If it is.
evidently caused by a cold or exposure to dampness, Dulcamara,.
Aconite, or Pulsatilla will be found most efficacious. When caused.
by bad diet, and improper food or water, Pulsatilla, or Podophyllum.
will be most useful. If hepatic derangement is evidently present,
Mercurius, Podophyllum, Leptandria, or Iris versicolor will be indi-
cated. If the attack is choleraic in its character. Arsenicum, Vera-
trum album, or Euphorbia corollata, and perhaps Aconite, should be
selected. But when it assumes a chronic character, and persists in
spite of altered diet, change of location, etc., then Leptandra will be
found an invaluable remedy. In many cases its persevering use will
alone effect a cure, although there are cases in which we may be
obliged to resort to the auxiliary aid of Phosphoric acid, Nitric acid, .
Arsenicum, Sulphur, or Mercurius corrosivus.
"It is in most cases absolutely necessary that the patient (the sub--
ject of camp diarrhea) should be removed from camp, or barracks,
as soon as possible, and transferred to some healthy locality. For
obvious reasons, a return to the patient's home is to be preferred.
Here his military dress should be changed for his former civilian's.
apparel, and his diet should consist of plain, nutritious, easily-assim-
ilable substances. My experience has been that patients do the best.
upon a milk diet; plain bread and milk being the best form of its
use. In addition, he should have a certain limited amount of good.
fresh beef, mutton, or game, every day. Taking the hint from the
practice of an eminent Russian military surgeon, who successfully
adopted the treatment in the great military hospitals, I have advised
the use of raw or nearly raw, beef, and in most instances with the
most satisfactory results. Tender, lean steak should be selected, and
chopped very fine, a very small quantity of salt may be added if the
patient insists. Of this an adult may eat one or two ounces, three
times a day, with his bowl of bread and milk. Potatoes, salted meats,
warm bread, raw fruit, pastry, coffee, preserves, and liquors, should
be prohibited. Moderate exercise will be of advantage; too much,.
injurious. If the chronic diarrhoea depends for its continuance on
debility, and resembles the colliquative diarrhoea of phthisis, accom-
panied by hectic fever and colliquative sweats, the Leptandra is still.
670
NEW REMEDIES.
useful, but should be given in alternation with Phosphorus, Arsenicum,
China, or Nitric acid. The two latter are especially indicated if a
lientery is developed, and the food passes the bowels unchanged, or in
a state of putrefactive fermentation.
"In some cases such is the debility and relaxation of the mucous
membrane, that the serous and even fibrous parts of the blood escape,
attended sometimes with more or less of the red coloring matter.
An increased degee of the same affection constitutes passive hemor-
rhage. It is not unfrequently associated with a watery state of the
blood, which becomes incapable of sustaining a due energy in the
extreme vessels. In such conditions, Leptandra is still useful, but
should be aided by those remedies which are capable of bringing
back the blood to a normal condition. First in importance stands
Iron. The preparation I prefer is the Phosphate, given in the form
of syrup of super-phosphate of Iron, thirty drops after each meal, or
a few grains of the first decimal trituration of the Pyro-phosphate.
Next in value are Hydrastin, Helonin, Muriatic acid, and sometimes
Nux vomica. The Cirate of Iron and Strychnine is often one of the
most efficient remedies for chronic diarrhoea, when we have two con-
ditions, namely, an impoverished state of the blood, and an atonic
state of the muscular tissues of the intestines. When these states
obtain, we usually find alternate constipation and diarrhoea deficient
digestion, accumulations of flatulence and hemorrhoids.
Dr. Small is very successful in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea;
he relies upon Nitric acid and Arsenicum.
"
Chronic ulceration of the intestines often occurs during the
course of a chronic diarrhoea. Dr. Chambers says:
There is no
disorder in which emaciation is so marked a feature throughout its
whole course, as chronic ulceration of the small intestines. Ulcera-
tions of the cœcum and colon, tubercular or not, produce as much,
nay, often more diarrhoea; but they are not, by any means, so distin-
guished in their power of reducing the patient. In this lesion of the
ilia, even the parts which are not the actual seat of disease, seem in-
capacitated from absorbing nutriment, and the victuals pass through
the alimentary canal in the same state as when they left the stomach,
except being made putrid by chemical decomposition. All the stages
of digestion are equally suspended."
These lesions are more common during infantine life and thou-
sands of children are yearly carried carried off by this malady in
every large city. In this affection Arsenicum, Mercurius corrosivus,
Sulphur, Nitric acid, and Phytolacca are indicated. The Leptandra
has also been of use in my hands, when, with the usual symptoms,
there was present a jaundiced hue of the skin, sallow complexion,
pain in the region of the liver, lack of bile in the evacuations, and
great debility. In such a condition I would advise you to use for
adults, the first decimal trituration; for children, the third tritu-
ration.
"When the ulceration is tubercular, you will have to resort to a
different class of remedies, prominent among which I would advise
the hypophosphate of lime (calcis hypophosphis,) which has all the cur
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
671
ative properties of Calcarea carbonica, together with the recuperative
qualities of Phosphorus. The second or third decimal trituration
will prove the most satisfactory. Leptandra may be called for, even
in this disease, if we find disorder of the liver complicating the case.
I believe it increases the absorbent action of the intestinal mucous
membrane, and thus prevents the excessive emaciation. In respect
to the action of Leptandra on the mucous membranes of the intestine,
Dr. Coe gives a case which is quite interesting. He says:
"No rem-
edy with which we are acquainted, is more to be relied upon in
chronic affections of the mucous surfaces. Its value in this respect
is peculiarly apparent in chronic dysentery and diarrhoea and other
diseases of the bowels. When false membranous formations have
occurred in the smaller intestines produced by the gradual exudation
of plastic lymph, the Leptandra may be relied upon for their removal,
with great confidence. * * * We have also used it with great
success in the cure of constipation and piles. We recently treated
a case of the latter complaint, accompanied with frequent hemor-
rhage from the rectum, of twelve years' standing. A short time after
commencing its use, the patient discharged considerable quantities of
false membrane, in shreds and patches, and a number of pieces seve-
ral inches in length, forming complete tubes. The evacuation of this
matter was attended with amelioration of all the symptoms, and at
the present time the patient declares himself well. The bowels are
regular, appetite good, the hemorrhage has ceased, and the dis-
tressing pain, so long experienced beneath the saèrum, entirely
gone.
This is quite an important clinical fact, and although the cases
were treated with massive doses, (two to four grains twice or thrice a
day,) we cannot doubt that the remedy was homoeopathic to the
disease mentioned.
""
In Wood's Practice, article "Chronic Enteritis," we find that
'occasionally false membranes are discharged, and in some rare
instances, tubes of considerable length, obviously the result of a plas-
tic inflammation, throwing out coagulable lymph upon the surface of
the mucous membrane.'
""
Dr. Cumming, of Edinburg, has given an account of a peculiar
variety of pseudo-membranous inflammation of the bowels (quoted by
Wood.) In this variety, Dr. Simpson used Arsenic, a remedy homo-
opathic to the disease, and Dr. Cumming used tar and "electro gal-
vanism," successfully.
Believing, as I do, that all medicinal remedies cure only under
the law of similia, it seems highly probable to me that Leptandra, in
the case given by Dr. Coe, caused the expulsion of the membrane and
effected the cure, by virtue of its power to cause a similar pathologi-
cal state.
Chronic dysentery is often associated with chronic enteritis, and
it is not always easy to determine how far the two portions of the
bowels are severally involved in the inflammation, nor is the decision
a matter of much importance. Chronic diarrhoea and dysentery are
very nearly allied in their anatomical character, and we often find
672
NEW REMEDIES.
cases where the symptoms of both maladies are intimately blended.
But chronic dysentery, when not thus combined, is distinguished
from chronic diarrhoea by the frequency and comparatively small
quantities of the evacuations, their character, and the tenesmus with
which they are attended. The greater number of the stools consist
chiefly of mucus, sometimes mixed with pus-like matter or blood.
Occasionally, however, feculent or bilious matter is mixed with the
proper dysenteric discharge. When the disease occupies the rectum
and lower portions of the colon, the frequent discharge is often con-
sistent; and instead of being uniformly mixed with mucus, is either
irregularly pervaded by it in layers or streaks, or enveloped in a
thick coating of it, derived from the surface of the bowel with which
the fæces lay in contact. There is usually more or less tormina, and
tenderness on pressure; the pulse, skin, and appetite are affected as
in chronic diarrhoea, and there is nearly the same emaciation.
Chronic dysentery is seldom an original disease, but when it occurs,
is almost always in consequence of an acute attack. Camp dysen-
tery," and even "camp diarrhoea " may run into a chronic dysentery.
In this disease we have in Leptandra a valuable and efficient
remedy, but it is more applicable to those cases in which a chronic
enteritis complicates the disorder.
In cholera infantum it has proved a very useful remedy. Dr.
King, (eclectic), says :-"In cholera infantum, a disease which some-
times sets at defiance all the skill of the physician, I have met with
excellent success by the following combination: Leptandra 6 grains,
Quinia three grains, Camphor one and one-half grains, Ipecacuanha
three-fourths of a grain, mixed and divided into 12 powders, of which
one may be given every two or three hours, and its use continued
thus for several days. Its action at first is to increase the alvine
passages, and apparently augment the disease, but in a few days the
character of the evacuations change, become more and more normal,
as well as more regular in their appearance; after which, one or two
powders per day for a week will render the cure permanent."
I have quoted the above, to show that this mixture, absurd as it
is, really cured the disease homoeopathically.
Leptandra, the main ingredient, is eminently homoeopathic to the
disease in most cases, as the proving shows conclusively.
Quiniæ, for which we substitute China, is indicated by the gene-
ral condition (prostration from loss of fluids,) and by the special
symptoms (copious, dark, or light watery stool, etc.)
Ipecac is one of our best remedies, when there occurs vomiting
with the diarrhoea; and Camphor, as shown by Hahnemann is quite
homœopathie to choleraic symptoms, with considerable prostration.
By the use of Leptandra third trituration, China second dilution, and
Ipecac, first or second, with Camphor, as an intercurrent rem-
edy, the homœopathist, can cure his patients, without the danger of
doing the injury to the organism, especially in cases of children, that
apt to occur from such massive doses as is advised by King, who
admits that the disease is apt to be aggravated at first by the
medicines.
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
673
Dr. B. L. Hill, when an eclectic, wrote a follows concerning the
action of the action of Leptandra, in dysentery.
'In the epidemic dysentery which has prevailed for the last two
seasons (1854-55.) in many parts of our country it has been of great
service. It was usually given with the best success, after evacuating
the bowels freely, with a combination of Podophyllin and Leptandra,
or Rhubarb. For this purpose give from one-half of a grain to a
grain every hour, gradually lengthening the intervals as the dis-
charges become darker. Though it may not be applicable in all cases
of dysentery, it is doubtless one of the most useful articles in this
dangerous disease."
The epidemic referred to was of an adynamic character, quickly
prostrating the patient, and often ran into a typhoid condition. For
the same epidemic, Dr. Hill would now advise and use with as good
results, minute doses of Leptandra, Podophyllum, Arsenicum, and
Baptisia. It may be remarked here that Podophyllum is indicated
for a much higher grade of inflammation and irritation of the bowels,
than Leptandra. The following was Dr. Hill's estimate of the action
of Leptandra:-"It is not strictly cathartic. It is aperient, altera-
tive and tonic. In cases of children affected with summer complaint,
where there is evidently a lack of the proper biliary secretions, but
when owing to the irritated condition of the bowels, the ordinary
remedies for arousing the liver are inadmissible, this article seems to
be the very thing needed. While it acts freely upon the liver,
instead of purging, it seems to change the discharge from the light
and watery, or slimy condition, to a darkened and apparently bilious
state, rendering them more and more consistent until they become
perfectly natural, without having been arrested entirely, or at any
time aggravated. At the same time it seems to act as a tonic, restor-
ing the tone of the stomach and increasing the strength and activity
of digestion."
Dr. Hill the homoeopathic, values the Leptandra quite as highly
as did Dr. Hill the eclectic, but he accounts for its action in a more
rational manner. As the latter, he gave from one-fourth to one grain
every hour or two, in acute cases, or one to two grains three times a
day in chronic cases; as the former, he also finds, or of a
grain equally serviceable. In those severe cases of disease which
clearly resemble the primary symptoms of poisoning with the
fresh root of Leptandra, the thirtieth, if prepared from a good tinc-
ture, would doubtless act curatively.
100
Dr. Wm. Fry, of New York, reports the following case of intesti-
nal disease treated successfully with this remedy:
My first trial with this remedy was followed by the most prompt
and satisfactory results. It was a case of dysentery of nearly a
month's standing, having been brought on after a sudden change of
climate. The following were the most characteristic symptoms of the
case at the time the Leptandra was prescribed: Mental suffering;
dizziness and headache; chills, followed by fever; pain and uneasi-
ness in the bowels; nausea, and a constant, profuse flow of saliva
43
674
NEW REMEDIES.
from the mouth during the chill; great thirst, but inability to keep
any food or drink upon the stomach. Constant desire to urinate
during the chill; urine high colored, and passed in small quantities;
soreness of the rectum; hemorrhoids; painful dragging and stinging
pains in the rectum; bowels bound and alternated every three or four
days, by a setting in of diarrhoea, the passages consisting of fæcal
matter resembling raw or boiled beef after having been pounded fine
with an admixture of mucus, and an intolerable foetid smell. The
desire to stool was in the morning and continued about an hour, dur-
ing which time there were four or five passages, followed by tenesmus
of the rectum and a feeling as if something was passing out. These
are some of the most prominent symptoms of the case, and I cured it
with two doses of the Leptandra; one powder of the first centesimal
trituration in the evening, and another in the morning-after having
failed to get any effects from such remedies as Arsenicum, Colocynth,
Carbo veg., Mercurius, etc. I get the best results from this remedy
in the lower forms of preparation."
Prof. G. W. Barnes, of Cleveland, communicates the following
cases:
Case 1st." During the progress of a tedious case of post-scarla-
tinal follicular entero-colitis, associated with a condition of general
anasarca, occurring in a little boy of six years, the details of which
I will not trouble you with, there occurred a condition of the alvine
evacuations corresponding very beautifully with your proving of Lep-
tandra. The stools, three or four a day, were profuse, dark-brown,
almost black, of a mushy consistence and highly offensive odor. There
was difficulty in retaining the stool; he must go immediately. There
was sharp pain preceding the stool and relief afterwards, but increased
weakness. He usually went to sleep soon after stool. Other rem-
edies were required to complete the cure, but Leptandra, third
trituration, very promptly changed the stool to a normal appearance
and frequency, and produced a satisfactory amelioration generally."
Case 2d.-"Capt. H--, Ohio National Guards, had suffered
nearly three months with camp diarrhoea, and had been for the greater
part of that time in hospital. During a tedious journey from Wash-
ington, his case became aggravated, and on his arrival at home he
was hardly able to stand upon his feet. He was emaciated, his features
haggard and jaundiced; his stools, previously mixed with undigested
food, were now muco-purulent and bloody, quite frequent, and attended
with some tenesmus and cutting pains low down in the bowels. Cold
water taken internally produced a sense of weight at the stomach,
cutting in the bowels and a disposition to stool. There was a state
bordering on ulceration, and it was the opinion of his hospital surgeon
that that condition existed.
Some amelioration followed the administration of Mercurius cor.
6th and 30th, but under the influence of Leptandra, 3d trituration,
improvement was prompt and steady, and in two weeks his stools
were natural in quality and frequency, and he was soon well.”
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA.
675
Urine. Urine at first slightly acid, then neutral and rather
scanty; urine very red, and does not affect litmus paper; dull, aching
pain in the lumbar region.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-King says "it exerts a powerful influ-
ence upon the absorbent system, and in combination with cream of
tartar, has been successfully used in obstinate cases of dropsy."
If Leptandra is homoeopathic to any variety of dropsy, it is prob-
ably that dependent on disease of the liver. In order to test its value
in dropsy, or indeed, any disease, it should be given alone. To com-
bine medicines is to lose all data concerning the real action of any
single agent.
It is doubtful if Leptandra exercises any specific action on the
functions of the kidneys, yet a medicine may be useful in dropsy with-
out being a diuretic. It may act curatively by a certain general
restorative power. Thus, China, Iron, Helonias, etc., may remove
dropsies, by bringing the organism up to a normal condition. Any
cause which obstructs the circulation in the portal system of veins,
will induce dropsy. Chronic tumefaction of the liver, and organic
diseases of that organ; also, inflammation of the portal vein, are the
principle causes of the varieties of hepatic dropsy.
Organs of Generation.-Abortion.-(Caused by the fresh root.)
Thorax.-Soreness in the left side of the thorax, especially
about the cardiac region.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In affections of the liver, we may have
sympathetic disturbances of the heart's action; and so also, from
dyspepsia.
Indirectly, the Leptandra may prove useful in some derangements
of the functions of the heart.
Back.-Sore and lame feeling in the small of the back.
Upper Extremities. Both wrists are very lame and ache severely,
lasting some hours; pain in the left shoulder and arm; chilly sen.
sation at the shoulders and down the arm.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Pain in the left shoulder is a symp-
tom of disease of the posterior portion of the liver
Lower Extremities.-Feet and legs, from the knees downward,
feel cold and numb.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
(Indian Tobacco.)
ANALOGUES.-Digitalis, Euphorbia, Ipecacuanha, Squilla
Tabacum, Tartar emeticus, Veratrum album, Veratrum viride.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is generally known as wild
or Indian Tobacco, and is an annual or biennial indigenous plant,
more commonly the latter, with a fibrous, yellowish white root and an
erect, angular, very hairy stem: in the full-sized plant, much branched
and from six inches to three feet in height. The leaves are alternate,
scattered, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate, veiny, hairy. The flowers
are small, numerous, pale-blue, on short peduncles, each originating
from the axil of a small leaf. The calyx consists of five, subulate
segments. The corolla is tubular, small, slit on the upper side and
ventricose at the base; the limb bilabiate; tube prismatic; segments
spreading and acute, two upper ones lanceolate, two lower ones oval;
anthers united into an oblong, curved body, purple; filaments white;
style filiform; stigma curved, two-lobed, and enclosed by the anthers;
capsule, two-celled, ovoid, inflated, striated, ten-angled and crowned,
with the persistent calyx. Seeds, numerous, small, oblong, brown.
HISTORY.-This plant grows in almost every part of the United
States, in fields, meadows, woods, etc., flowering from July to Novem-
ber. The whole plant is active, but the leaves and seeds are more
usually employed. The root is supposed to be more energetic, med-
icinally, than any other part of the plant. The proper time for gath-
ing the plant is from the last of July to the middle of October,
during which period, the seed vessels are in great abundance. The
fresh plant should be taken and carefully dried in the shade,
and then be preserved in packages or covered vessels, more especially
if it be reduced to powder. When dried, it has a faint, nauseous,
rather disagreeable odor and a strong, acrid, nauseous taste developed
by chewing, somewhat similar to that of Tobacco, which powerfully
affects the throat and fauces, occasioning ptyalism and sickness of the
stomach. The leaves form a greenish powder; the seeds are brown-
ish. Hot water, vinegar, ether or alcohol take up its medicinal prin-
ciples; but boiling dissipates them. Lobelia seed, viewed through
the microscope, are about of an inch in lenghth, and of an inch
in breadth, of a dark-brown color, oblong, oval or almond shaped,
reticulated with irregular, oblong-square, or rectangular ridges and
furrows, somewhat resembling basket work. The only seeds which
resemble them are those of the L. Cardinalis, but which are not so
dark colored, have the reticulations not so well defined and are of lar-
ger size.
•
5
*For the admirable arrangement of the matter composing this article on Lobelia, I am
indebted to Dr. T. C. DUNCAN, of Chicago, to whom I confided the labor of collecting all that had
been published relating to this plant.- HALE.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
677
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the whole plant or seeds;
triturations of the seeds; dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The Indians are said to have first used it in
their great councils to clear their heads and stomachs; also a remedy
in syphilis.
In Woodville's Medical Botany, published in 1790, we find this
plant referred to under the head of Lobelia Syphilitica. It is named
by Sir W. Johnson, who at a great price, purchased the secret of
the North American Indians, that they used it for syphilis.
Dr. Thomson claims to be the discoverer of the medical virtues of
this plant, and perhaps justly so, as by his influence it was brought
into general use. The following is his account of the discovery:
"
Sometime in the summer of 1790, after I was four years old,
being out in the fields in search of the cows, I discovered a plant
which had a singular branch and pods, that I had never before seen,
and I had the curiosity to pick some of the pods and chew them; the
taste and operation produced were so remarkable that I never forgot
it. I afterwards used to induce other boys to chew it, merely for
sport, to see them vomit. I tried this herb in this way for nearly
twenty years without knowing anything of its medicinal virtues. It
never occurred to me that it was of any value as a medicine until,
when mowing in the field with a number of men one day, I cut a sprig
of it and gave to the man next to me, who ate it; when we had got
to the end of the piece, which was about six rods, he said he believed
that what I had given him would kill him, for he never felt so before
in his life. I looked at him and saw that he was in a most profuse
perspiration, being as wet all over as he could be; he trembled very
much, and there was no more color in him than in a corpse. I told
him to go to the spring and drink some water. He attempted to go
and got as far as the wall, but was unable to get over it, and laid
down on the ground and vomited several times. He said that he
thought he had thrown off his stomach two quarts. I then helped
him into the house, and in about two hours he ate a hearty dinner; in
the afternoon he was able to do a good half day's labor. He after-
wards told me that he never had any thing do him so much good in
his life; his appetite was remarkably good; he felt better than he
had for a long time.'
"}
Dr. W. P. C. Barton, in his Medical Botany, thus refers to the
history of this drug:
"The first notice I can find in print, of the medical virtues of
Indian tobacco, is simply a brief remark by Schoepf, that the root is
astringent and used in ophthalmia. He seems to have had little
knowledge on the subject, and from the manner in which the plant is
mentioned by him, it may reasonably be suspected that a vague rumor
only of its medical properties had reached him. The next accounts
we hear of it as a medicine are by the Rev. Dr. Cutler and the late
Prof. Barton.
As Dr. Thomson was practicing in Massachusetts, it may be
inferred that Cutler thus obtained his knowledge of its virtues.
678
NEW REMEDIES.
It was first introduced into the regular (?) profession in 1810, by
the Rev. Dr. Cutler, of Massachusetts, whose attention was directed
to it by Dr. Drury, Marblehead, who had been cured of asthma by its
use, It seems Dr. Cutler was suffering from the same difficulty; he
used this drug and was cured. He published his case, which attract-
ed the attention of the profession.
It was introduced into England by Dr. Reese.*
As regards its introduction into homoeopathic practice, it was first
noticed in Jeane's Homeopathic Practice of Medicine, Philadel-
phia, 1838, in which he detailed several cases of asthma and other
diseases, which were cured by this remedy.
But the first publication of its pathogenesis was by Dr. Alpheus
Noack, of Leipsic, in his excellent treatise on the "Lobelia inflata,” in
the fifteenth volume of the Hygea, (1841.) This exhibits very
extensive research; he has perhaps quoted every writer of any emi-
nence who has mentioned this plant.
The experiments of Noack were accompanied by cotemporaneous
thermometrical, barometrical and meteorological observations.
Among the circumstances noticed in his experiment, on his own per-
son, was the speedy decomposition of the urine passed on the first
day of his trial. This had taken place by the next morning, when a
rose-red sediment was deposited on the sides of the vessel in which
was found a small brown urinary crystal, which under a microscope of
two-hundred-fold magnifying power, had the form and size of a large
currant, and formed a granular conglomerate.
Besides the symptoms observed on himself, Noack gives the symp-
toms observed by the five following persons: Mr. N. N. Kermes, age
26; venous lymphatic constitution Took 30 drops of the tincture in
two ounces of water, at 9 o'clock in the morning, and 20 grains at 4
Mr. Birkner, aged 23; medical student; nervous, scrofulous
constitution; took in the morning of the first day four grains of the
tincture. Second day, morning, 8 drops. Third day A. M, 16 drops.
A month afterward he took 10 drops, and the next day 20 drops. A
few days afterwards he took 40 drops.
P. M.
Isidor Mortz. M. D., aged 29, melancholic temperament; at the
time of his experiments perfectly well, except a slight disposition to
cositiveness. Took 10 drops three successive mornings, then 20
drops three successive mornings; on the next day 30 drops; on the
next day 10 drops in the morning and 10 drops in the afternoon; on
two following days 15 drops in the morning 15 in the afternoon, and
afterwards for several days, with doses varying from 50 to 100 drops.
He remarked that the small doses operated more upon the throat,
the larger doses more on the stomach. He also states that taking the
tincture in water caused more extensive and continued operation.
Laura R——, aged 21; of a healthy family; graceful proportions;
blooming countenance; blue eyes; brown hair; of a quiet thought-
ful and reserved disposition. In health at time of making the exper-
iment. Took at night at bed-time, 6 drops of the tincture; next
*Practical treatise on the anti-asthmatic properties of bladder-podded¦lobelia, 1829.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
679
Next day
morning and night the same dose; the following day none.
in the morning 9 drops and the same at bed time; the next day 9
drops in the morning, 30 drops in the afternoon, and 40 drops at bed-
time; the next day 50 drops at bed-time.
Jeanes supposes that N-n is the translator who furnishes some
symptoms. This must be Dr. Norton, who afterwards contributed a
fragmentary proving of the drug to the British Journal, volume 17,
page 461. The proving in full will be found elsewhere.*
PROVINGS.
PROVING BY DR. NOACK, MARCH 4th, 1839.
In perfect health. At 7 o'clock in the morning passed six ounces
of urine; acid reaction; a quarter of an hour afterwards I took,
fasting, ten drops of the tincture upon sugar, while at the time my
pulse was beating 70 times in the minute. As soon as the tongue
touched the palate in the act of swallowing, a tickling in the
throat was produced, which in the course of about six minutes was
quite gone. About 11 a. m. my pulse was about 50 to the minute;
13½ ounces of urine of the same quality as the former, were then
passed; after this, twenty drops of the tincture of Lobelia were
taken, and immediately upon this a burning in the throat, which soon
passed into a scratching sensation, lasting about twelve minutes, was
experienced. At 12 the pulse beat 60 times in the minute. At 31,
as I felt nothing unusual, I took 50 drops of the tincture, the pulse
beating then 63 times a minute. After the scratching in the throat
had become much worse than the previous time, there arose a sense
of pressure on the epigastrium, as from a weight; the scratching in-
clined to emesis, but did not go so far. 6 ounces of urine were
passed ten minutes after, of the same qualities as the former, only a
shade lighter in color. There was now felt a pressure, as if from a
foreign body or a morsel of food, in the whole course of the oesopha-
gus, more marked in particular parts, especially close below the
larynx, from whence it descended with a vermicular motion and sud-
denly occupied the epigastrium. The epigastrium and spot below the
larynx were always the extreme, and at the same time most sensitive
points. At the same time, a few slight eructations of air occurred;
there was no sensible distention of the stomach or abdomen, but an
inconsiderable working in the abdomen afterwards. Deglutition and
swallowing had no effect upon the pressive pain. This pain gradually
diminished, and appeared as if it were to end at that portion of the
spine which is opposite the epigastrium, and feeling like a plug,
* Transactions American Medical Institute, volume 1.
680
NEW REMEDIES.
reaching thence to the spine. Occasionally the pressive pain seemed
entirely gone, but it soon returned, always keeping its vermicular
character; the oesophagus, however, remained unaffected and the
epigastrium and spot close to the spine were relieved by the pain
shooting right and left through the præcordia. A deep inspiration, by
overcoming the pressive pain, occasioned a certain feeling of comfort,
By 5 o'clock, nothing remained of this pain but a certain, by no means
unpleasant, sensation in the back, hypochondria and epigastrium, on
turning and bending on the loins, so as to suggest the notion as if the
tendinous crura of the diaphragm were too tightly stretched. The
whole of the painful sensation gradually diminished and shortly after-
wards entirely terminated. At 3:45 the pulse was 62, and at 7 in
the evening it was 68. No passage from the bowels that day. In
all 22 ounces of urine were passed, of which amount 16 ounces were
passed after taking the medicine. This is rather a small quantity on
the assumption that an adult passes on an average 30 to 35 ounces a
day. At bed time, the usual inclination to urinate did not occur. On
the following morning, at a temperature of 11°R., (43° F.,) the urine
had been decomposed, a rose-colored sediment being deposited upon
the sides of the vessel, in which was found a small urinary crystal,
which under a microscope of two hundred fold magnifying power had
the form and sixe of a large currant, and formed a glandular conglom-
eration. The remarkable slowness of the pulse showed a peculiar
depression of arterial action.
On the 5th of March nothing worthy of notice was observed,
On the 6th, at 9 o'clock in the morning, 80 full drops of Lobelia
were swallowed without sugar. At first there was burning, and then
scratching in the throat; and in consequence of the disagreeable
taste of the tincture, a flow of saliva and nausea, with slight eructa-
tions of the taste of the tincture. This was after five minutes. After
ten minutes the tickling passed into a pressive sensation. Pulse 63.
At 94 a slight confusion of the back of the head was felt, and this in
the same moderate degree, half an hour afterwards, included the fore-
head and was soon after felt no more. At 101, normal stool and four
ounces of urine. To the lingering traces of nausea and pressure in
the oesophagus, were added slight tormina and working in the bowels,
with the escape of very offensive flatus. The pulse, which at 9 was
53, rose at quarter to 11 to 55 beats; about 1 it was 73; at 24, it
was 61. Dinner was eaten with the usual appetite. At 2 o'clock 6
ounces of urine were passed, and there was a continual discharge of
flatus. At 24, 100 full drops of the tincture were taken, which ex-
LOBELIA INFLATA.
681
cited the usual burning and scratching in the throat, and the increased
secretion of tenacious saliva, besides nausea and eructation; the pulse
was 58. Five minutes after taking it, the pressure in the oesophagus
and epigastrium were felt, but much less than the day before. A
certain anxiety, requiring a full inspiration, was felt, and a slight ten-
dency to tormina and rolling in the bowels, discharge of foetid flatus
sometimes violent, and nausea continuing till bed-time; this was all
the sensation the last dose was observed to excite.*
proving by dr. NORTON.†
Dr. Norton, æt 30, lymphatic temperament.
March 22d.-About an hour after breakfast, took
drachm of the
tincture of Lobelia. A slight nausea in an hour or two afterwards
was the only symptom.
23d.—Took one drachm; slight nausea only.
24th.-Took two drachms after breakfast; nausea all the morning;
uneasiness, or a feeling as if there were a lump or weight in the
stomach for a few moments; about noon a burning pain in the back,
as if in the posterior wall of the stomach. Nearly all the symptoms
disappear towards evening.
25th.-Took 24 drachms.
Eructation immediately after and
repeated several times during the day; nausea, and a sensation as of
a lump or weight, as if caused by undigested food. A sensation of
warmth or burning all over the stomach, Rumbling in the bowels
and passage of flatus downwards. No appetite for dinner; dryness
Amelioration of all the symp-
of the fauces; spitting at intervals.
toms towards evening; enjoyed tea.
26th. Took ounce of Lobelia; a loud eructation immediately
after.
The manuscript does not contain any farther records.
DR. TESTE'S PROVING.‡
My own experience has furnished me the following symptoms to
which Lobelia seems to be particnlarly adapted: Pressive headache
at the occiput, less frequently at the forehead, sometimes only one
side of the head, (left side,) increased by motion in the evening, and
especially at night; continual periodical cephalalgia, in the afternoon
increasing until midnight, every third attack being alternately more
or less violent. The brain is racked by the cough, which causes an
intolerable pain; vertigo in walking, especially in going up stairs;
* British Journal, Vol. I.
+ British Journal, Vol. XVII, page 464.
+ Teste's Materia Medica,
682
NEW REMEDIES.
stitches at the vertex; heat and sweat about the head and face; cir-
cumscribed redness on one cheek; sense of general exhaustion, with
urgent desire to remain in bed; agitated feelings; he fears lest he
should have to die soon; chilly feeling; fever and ague, with more
or less general long-lasting shuddering towards the middle of the
day, followed by sweat and heat, which lasts until the next morning;
cessation of heat and shuddering in the day time. Eruption between
the fingers, on the dorsa of the hands, and on the forearms,
consisting of small vesicles accompanied by a tingling itching, and
resembling the itch pustules exactly.
Mouth dry and full of tenacious mucus; bad taste in the mouth ;
flat taste of the food; tongue coated white; great desire for coffee
loss of appetite, and aversion to every kind of food; thirst, especially
during the chill; nausea; sour regurgitations, hiccough, pyrosis,
desire to vomit after drinking; constriction at the stomach; flatulence
and gurgling in the left side of the abdomen; emission of fœtid flat-
ulence; distention of the abdomen which is painful to contact; con-
stipation; frothy stools; greenish diarrhoea; increase of the urinary
secretion; almost constant desire to urinate; watery or brown urine,
with a copious red sediment; tensive pain in the groins; pressure on
the genital organs; tittilation in the throat, causing an attack of cough
at every moment; violent, racking cough, in paroxysms of long con-
tinuance, followed by profuse expectoration of ropy mucus, which
adheres to the pharynx. Anxious, difficult, panting breathing, with
sense of constriction on the chest, sometimes on one side only; par-
oxysm of suffocation, with excessive angnish, and continuing some-
times the whole night; sense of rawness and soreness in the chest,
below the clavicle; angina pectoris, with pain extending to the
shoulder and the arm; painfulness in the nape of the neck and dorsal
region; extreme lassitude of the legs; cramp in the calves of the
legs.
TOXICAL EFFECTS.
Horses and cattle have been killed by eating it accidentally. Mr.
Proctor gave a grain of Lobelina, in solution, to a cat. In less than
two minutes, it produced violent emesis and prostratiou, from which
the animal recovered in three hours. Again one grain of the sub-
stance in an ounce of water was administered directly into the stomach
of the animal, by an elastic tube. Immediate and total prostration
was the consequence, which in half an hour rendered the animal
almost motionless. The pupils of the eyes were much dilated. The
animal gradually recovered its strength, but the effects of the pros-
LOBELIA INFLATA.
683
tration were evident for fifteen hours afterwards. No emetic or
cathartic effects resulted.
Mr. Curtis and Dr. Peterson experimented with it on hedgehogs
and cats. They noticed that the heart continued to beat for some
time after breathing had ceased. Dissections revealed congestion of
the lungs and venous system, as happens in case of death from
asphyxia. The stomach and bowels were found to be in an inflamma-
tory condition. Charles Whitelaw remarks that it causes cattle to
become hide-bound, and affected with dandruff.
On man-several deaths are recorded to have occurred from the
use of this drug, both in this country and Great Britain. An inquest
was held in England, in November 1853, on the occasion of a death
from Lobelia, by Dr. Letheby, Professor of Chemistry in the London
hospital. He stated that thirteen cases of poisoning had occurred
from this drug, within three or four preceeding years. The doctor
found in the stomach of a woman who had been poisoned with it,
110 grains; in the case of a man, a tablespoonful of the seeds; and
in a child three years old, fifteen grains of the seeds in the bowels.
The following case of poisoning is found in volume 6th, of the
Massachusetts Reports:* A Mr. Ezra Lovett caught cold, and sent
for Dr. Samuel Thomson, of Beverly, who forthwith obliged him to
take three powders of Lobelia, successively; at half an hour's interval
between each. Every powder produced dreadful vomiting; in the
night, long continued and copious sweat occurred. Two similar pow-
ders, given another day, produced vomiting and extreme uneasiness;
and the same given the following day, sunk the patient into a state of
great depression.
A few days afterwards the doctor returned, and finding his patient
worse, gave him some more powders of Lobelia, which at first pro-
duced great uneasiness; but latterly became wholly inoperative.
Thomson supposed that the medicine would be directed to the bowels
and excite purging. However, in the evening, the patient lost his
senses and was attacked with convulsions, so that two men were re-
quired to hold him. Not a whit the less, however, did Thomson con-
tinue to repeat the Lobelia, and give his unfortunate victim 2 powders
more. The patient grew gradually worse, and at length expired
Thomson was arrested on the charge of murder, but liberated, as the
sad issue of the case could not be ascribed to malice on his part.†
Inflammation of the stomach and bowels have been noticed after
* Wood's Materia Medica.
+ British Journal, volume I.
684
NEW REMEDIES.
death, also congestion of the lungs and entire nervous system. The
force of the drug seems to be spent upon the nerve centres of
animal life, such as the solar plexus, cardiac ganglion and medulla
oblongata.
RESUME.
Nervous System.-This is the forte of this remedy. Its whole
force seems to be spent upon this system. Selecting the pneumogas-
tric, about opposite the pharynx, as the starting point, it passes in
both directions, involving the phrenic, solar and cardiac plexuses and
finally the cerebro-spinal system.
Nerves of Sensation. This division of the nervous system is the
first to note the introduction of Lobelia. That faithful sentinel,
the superior laryngeal telegraphs to the brain, what has run the
blockade.
The pneumogastric being made up of both sensation and motor
filiments, the impression passes down the extremities of that nerve,
and the brain sends a motor current to eject the drug; while this is
being done the sensation has gone on to the great sympathetic, and
finally it is "felt at the finger ends and toes." The sensation is felt
most severely in the solar plexus. The depression upon this and the
other plexuses of the sympathetic system is such that the patient
imagines that death is about to ensue.
The "healthy" feeling expressed by patients, who have taken this
drug, is due to the reaction. It is like the exultation of joy follow-
ing the depression of fear.
I think this starting point of attack is the key to the use of the
drug.
Nerves of Motion.-This system is brought most powerfully under
the action of this drug. The inferior laryngeal seems to be the first
one called into action, which causes a constricted feeling at the lar-
ynx; passing on the oesophagus, contracts its whole length, then the
stomach contracts from below upwards, and emesis follows; in the
meantime thè bronchi and breast contract and the patient feels as if
suffocation was impending. Now the voluntary muscles are called
into action, and if the drug is carried far enough, convulsions and
death ensue.
Muscular System.-As we have already seen, this system suffers
severely, the whole nervous energies being brought so completely
under control of this drug.
The involuntary muscular fibers are the ones first involved, as we
LOBELIA INFLATA.
685
observe by the vermicular motion of the muscular fibers of the oesoph-
agus, the contractions of the stomach and bronchi, and the lateral
action of the heart.
Want of power in the sphincter ani was cured in one case. (See
last case under “stomach.")
The voluntary muscles do not seem to be affected until the invol-
untary are completely under its influence.
In the reduction of luxations the eclectics use it much as we do
chloroform, to relax the muscular fibers, until the patient is as
limber as a rag.” This is why it is of service in rigidity of the os,
rigidity of the perineum, intestinal intussusception and in hernia.
It is not homœopathic to any such condition any more than is the vapor
bath.
Vascular System-Heart and Arteries.-Accelerated pulse;
more frequent and weaker pulse than usual; in the evening, slower
pulse; pulse of the usual frequency, but smaller and weaker; pulse
almost imperceptible.
The first day of Noack's proving the pulse was 70; under the
influence of this drug it went down to 50, and in the evening came
back to 68 beats.
The second day it was 63; it then went down to 52, and finally
rose to 73, and then fell again to 51 beats per minute.
The above is conclusive evidence that this drug acts upon the
cardiac plexus since it has been found homoeopathic to forms of car-
dialgia. (See clinical observations under "chest.")
Fever. Chilly feeling. Fever and ague, with more or less
long lasting shuddering towards the middle of the day, followed by
sweat and heat, which lasts until next morning; sensation of beat and
shuddering in the daytime.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms have led to its
employment in the treatment of intermittents.
o'clock A. M.,
flushes of heat,
Febris Intermittens Quotidiana-Attack at 10
in a man aged 49'; severe coldness alternating with
till 12 m., when the heat was more moderate, became more constant,
but alternating with slight chilliness, continuing till evening. Pro-
fuse sweat at night; slept during the sweat as usual. Thirst great
from the first chill and during the whole of the last stage, but worse
in the chill. Respiration short, anxious, laborious and wheezing,
with sensation of tightness of the chest; sensation of oppression and
weakness, principally at the epigastrium, but extending thence
through the whole breast; tickling in the pit of the throat, with fre
686
NEW REMEDIES.
quent hacking cough; severe headache, extending around the fore-
head from one temple to the other; loss of appetite, both in the par-
oxysm and apyrexia Tongue white, scaly, coated on the right side, but
clean on the left; great debility. Lobelia inflata,, given at 3
o'clock P. M., during the paroxysm, produced considerable relief of
the oppression of the respiratory organs, and the next day there was
a very slight paroxysm, of slight duration. The third day, and after-
wards no more.
Febris Intermittens.-Chill (shaking chill) with thirst, then heat
with thirst and sweat. The thirst is sometimes observed before the
chill and through the whole fever; often only before the chill and
not in it, and then again in the heat. The coldness is increased after
drinking. The sweat begins with the heat, or after the heat has con-
tinued for some time.*
Venous System.-The experiments of Mr. Curtis and Dr. Pear-
son, revealed after death "the lungs and nervous system generally
were congested, and that the blood was fluid." Discharges of black
blood, after stool.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have referred to its use in hemor-
rhoids, both under the heads of "stomach" and "stools." In the
case noted under stomach, it was curative, because the principal scat
of the lesion was the solar plexus, which necessarily involved the
hypogastric, giving rise to congestion of the hemorrhoidal veins.
*
Mucous Membrane.-Inflammation of the stomach and bowels
has been noticed after death; dryness of the fauces; frequent
spitting; flow of saliva in the mouth; profuse perspiration; great
thirst.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From the above symptoms and many
others which might be adduced, it will be scen that this drug acts
directly upon all of the mucous membranes, not one escaping. It
seems to be an antidote to the poison of Rhus toxicodendron, and
assists the system to throw off any effete matter of the skin.
Skin. Eruption between the fingers, on the dorsa of the hands
and on the forearms, consisting of small vesicles, accompanied by a
tingling itching, and resembling the itch pustules exactly. Blisters
on the skin.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Aside from its general use as an "alter-
ative," in all manner of cutaneous diseases, by the botanic physicians
who followed Thomson, it has never had any special popularity in
diseases of the skin. It is not recommended for any non-inflamma-
tory eruptive diseases by any eclectic physician whose writings I have
examined.
* Transactions of American Medical Institute, Vol. 1.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
687
Dr. Teste,* of France, was the first to mention and suggest its use
in cutaneous affections. He says:
"When proved in homoeopathic
doses, Lobelia yields a great number of symptoms which resemble
those of Sulphur. Its action on the skin, head and mucous membranes
is more particularly analogous to that of Sulphur."
He mentions the following symptoms as having been observed by
him in proving Lobelia :
"Eruption between the fingers, on the dorsa of the hands and on
the forearm, consisting of small vesicles, accompanied by tingling
itching and resembling itch pustules exactly.
He further says that the striking resemblance which he observed
between the "recent itch" and the eruption which Lobelia caused, (in
one case !)induced him to try it in the itch. He alleges that the
success answered his expectations. He advised both Lobelia and
Croton for the itch, and although he still believed in the combination,
he admits that it is not unexceptionable. The homoeopathic profession
remember distinctly with what boldness Teste pronounced the dictum
in his Diseases of Children, that Lobelia was a specific in all cases of
recent itch, and that Lobelia and Croton were the specific remedies
for the itch. Upon the appearance of that book, which shot like a
meteor across the sky of homoeopathic literature, and like an ignis
fatuus, led astray those who followed in its teachings, many physi-
cians were induced to test the Lobelia in cases of scabies. What
was the result? Although twelve years have elapsed, not a single
clinical case has been published or related which proved Teste's rec-
ommendation of any value. Teste's recommendation, be it remem-
bered, was based upon the supposed pathogenetic effects of Lobelia
in causing itch-like vesicles in a single instance! A recommendation
based on such insufficient grounds is not in accordance with the de-
mands of our science. This is not the only instance in which Teste
erred in a similar manner,
Since the appearance of his Materia Medica in this country, in
1854, I have carefully observed hundreds of cases of persons who
were taking Lobelia, both in large and small doses, and I have never
observed any eruption, coincident or subsequent, which could by any
stretch of fancy be said to have been caused by that drug.
I have also made inquiries of truthful, observing physicians of
other schools, who are in the habit of using Lobelia, and their testi-
mony is decidedly against its power of producing irritation of the skin,
when taken internally. Dr. P. H. Hale, who has had ample opportunity
of observing its effects, states, that with the intense nausea it causes,
there is sometimes a prickling itching of the skin; acting on this
hint, he thinks he has seen benefit arise from its use in suppressed
urticaria, with nausea and vomiting. This, however, would not prove
its homoeopathicity to any organic skin disease, like itch. The intense
itching caused by Opium is probably owing to its irritant action on
the peripheral nerves; Lobelia causes its itching-prickling in the
same manner.
*Materia Media, page 174.
688
NEW REMEDIES.
For three years I used the Lobelia alone in many cases of recent
itch-like eruptions, but never observed the least benefit accrue,
although I followed Teste's advice as to the potency to be adminis-
tered. At one time Dr. Douglas recommended it in his lectures
and writings. Finally Teste says he has used it successfully in a
case of papulous exanthem, evidently of a psoric origin.
Marcy and Hunt remark : "It also operates upon the skin, pro-
ducing a peculiar kind of herpes, formerly called 'James River Tetter."
It was common on that river, and cured by Lobelia.”*
Lobelia has proved an antidote to Rhus tox. A lady in Massachu-
setts was severely poisoned. The usual allopathic remedies were
applied: Lead water, Zinc, etc., but all to no purpose. The disease
extended over both hands and arms, to the shoulders, and over the
entire face, causing symptomatic fever and slight delirium. At 2
p. m., one drachm of the inspissated tincture of Lobelia was dis-
solved in one pint of water, and cloths wet in this were freely applied.
At the first application the relief was marked; the smarting subsided
and the redness disappeared. The cure was completed in one half of
the usual time of spontaneous cures. In the rapidly spreading ery-
sipelas caused by dissection wounds, Lobelia is said to have effected
several marked cures. Dr. J. S. Andrews, of Masssachusetts, was
severely poisoned, with two other gentlemen, on opening the body of
an ox dead of a malignant disease. On the third day, the two com-
panions died and he had symptoms of the same disease, which pro-
duced spasms and every phenomenon that occurred in the other cases.
Lobelia was used as a poultice locally, and also internally by enemas
and by the stomach, in very massive doses. He recovered with
sloughing of the wounded parts.
In two other cases of poisoning from dissection-wounds, with ady-
namic fever, and a rapidly extending erysipelatous inflammation from
the seat of the puncture, it was equally successful.†
Sleep.-Restless sleep, with many dreams, also anxious dreams.
Sleep disturbed at night by numerous dreams and frequent waking;
somnolence; sad dreams.
Mind.—Sobbing like a child; internal uneasiness; great dejection
and exhaustion; anticipation of death; difficulty of respiration; agi-
tated feelings. He fears lest he should have to die soon; insensibility
and loss of consciousness; convulsions so that two men must hold
him; death.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. -The depressing effect of Lobelia on
the mind is noticed by all the writers and provers.
In those cases
where death has occurred, the mind was completely overpowered.
vertigo, with pain in the head and
Head.--Vertigo, with nausea;
trembling agitation of the body.
*Marcy & Hunt's Practice, page 247.
+ Hempel's Materia Medica, page 1040.
Dull feeling in the head after
LOBELIA INFLATA.
689
dinner, increased in the evening to violent pressive pain, with con-
siderable heat in the face. Pain in the head; headache, with slight
giddiness; occasional transient shooting in the temples; dull feeling
in the occiput; dull feeling in the occiput and forehead. Pressive
pain in the occiput, one while accompanied by heat, and another
relieved by removing the covering from the head; pain in the occiput ;
dull, heavy pain around the forehead from one temple to the other, on
a line immediately above the eyebrows. (In numerous cases both of
pathogenesis and cure; the latter often preceded by homoeopathic
aggravation of several days continuance.) Pains through the head
in sudden shocks; outward pressing in both temples, at the same.
time a dull pressing in the flesh, just above the left elbow, and the
hands feel as if paralyzed. Pain in the parietal protuberance on the
left side of the head. Heaviness in the head, and uneasiness in the
back; chilliness of the left side of the head. with a feeling as if the
hair would rise on end. Pressive headache at the occiput, less fre-
quently at the forehead, sometimes only on one side of the head (left
side), increased by motion in the evening, and especially at night;
continual periodical headache in the afternoon, increasing until mid-
night, every third attack being alternately more or less violent. Some
headache, especially on going up stairs, or on motion, affecting chiefly
the vertex; heat and dull headache toward the back of the head, in
the evening; stupor; stitches in the vertex.
Eyes.—Pain and soreness in the right eye pressing pain in the
eyeballs, most in the upper parts. Severe and frequent itching in
the angles of the eyelids. Itching in the angles of the left eye;
smarting of the inside of the eyelids. Hemiopia.
Ears.-Aching in the left ear; shooting pain, extending into the
left ear, from a painful spot in the throat, situated about an inch to
the left of the larynx, and on a line with its lowest cartilage.
-
Face. Heat of the face; perspiration of the face accompanying
the nausea.
A peculiar drawing feeling extending from the right side
of the mouth to the right eye. A chilly feeling in the left cheek,
extending to the ear; slight drawing feeling, at one time in the left,
at another in the right side of the lower jaw. Heat and sweat about
the face and head; circumscribed redness on one cheek.
Teeth.-Dull, pressing pain in the left molar teeth and temple.
Mouth.-Disagreeable taste in the mouth, somewhat similar to
that of a solution of corrosive sublimate; pungent taste in the mouth;
flow of clammy saliva; flow of saliva in the mouth; soreness of the
44
690
NEW REMEDIES.
throat; dryness of the mouth; copious salivation; mouth dry, with
a fall of tenacious mucus; bad taste of the food; tongue coated
white.
Throat.-Burning of the throat; dryness of the fauces; frequent
spitting; dryness of the throat; tough mucus in the fauces, causing
frequent hawking; pricking in the throat; burning prickling in the
throat; increased secretion of viscid saliva, nausea and eructations.
Prickling in the throat, eructations and burning sensation rising up
from the stomach; dryness and prickling sensation in the throat, not
diminished by drinking after dinner; unpleasant sensation in the
upper and back part of the pharynx, as from swallowing saliva during
smoking. Sensation as if the oesophagus contracted itself from below
upwards; feeling of pressure, as from a foreign body, in the whole
course of the oesophagus, down which it proceeds with a vermicular
motion, but most strongly felt in a spot just below the larynx and in
the epigastrium. The epigastrium and a spot below the larynx are
always the extreme and at the same time the most sensitive points;
drawing pain in the right side of the throat, which extends upward
to the car. Sensation of a lump in the pit of the throat; tickling in
the throat immediately succeeded by an inclination to vomit, with
straining and raising of the pharynx; burning in the throat, passing
into scratching; burning tickling in the throat, stretching from the
arches of the palate to the larynx, and causing frequent hawking of
mucus which gathered there; worse on swallowing; feeling of dryness
in the throat and heat in the stomach; burning in the throat, soon
passing into a feeling of dryness, and lasting the whole forenoon;
pressure in the œsophagus, with nausea; slight tormina and escape
of offensive wind.
Appetite and Stomach.-Loss of appetite; acrid, burning taste
in the mouth; bitter taste, with coated tongue and thirst; hiccough
slight, frequent, flat lent eructation, with flow of water in the mouth
frequent gulping up of a burning, sour fluid; acidity of the stomach'
with a contractive feeling in the pit of the stomach; flatulent eructa.
tion, with sensation of acidity and heat of the stomach; frequent vio-
lent hiccoughs, following each other quickly from twenty-four to thirty
times, with abundant flow of saliva in the mouth; eructation of an
acid fluid with a burning sensation; incessant and violent nausea,
with shivering and shaking of the upper part of the body. An indis-
cribable feeling about the stomach compounded of nausea, pain, heat,
oppression and excessive uneasiness accompanying the affection of
of the respiratory organs; nausea, with great inclination to vomit:
LOBELIA INFLATA.
691
·
extreme nausea, with profuse perspiration; copious vomiting, with
great prostration of strength, but a good appetite shortly afterwards;
vomiting, with a cold perspiration of the face; vomiting of food, par-
ticularly after eating it warm; dyspepsia, heartburn and running of
water from the mouth; heartburn of long duration; feeling of weak-
ness of the stomach, or in the pit of the stomach, extending through
the whole chest; sensation of excessive weakness at the pericardium,
extending upwards into the chest, and downwards as far as the umbil-
icus; feeling of pressure in the pit of the stomach, extending to the
back, as from a plug, in frequent paroxysms; feeling of weight in the
stomach; sensation of weight in the epigastrium, as if the stomach
were too full, worse on pressure; burning pain in the stomach towards
the back, as if the part of the stomach nearest the spine was inflamed;
pressure in the pit of the stomach before breakfast and after eating,
worse in the evening, with bilious vomiting, oppression and anguish
of the chest and pain in the small of the back; violent, painful con-
striction in the region of the cardia; spasm of the stomach during
the catamenia in arthritic patients, in drunkards or with bilious com-
plaints; warmth in the stomach; burning in the stomach. Peculiar
uneasiness, with a feeling of reversed peristaltic movement in the
stomach, but without vomiting; restraining pressure, as from a plug,
in the epigastrium, cxtending right through the body of the spine; it
sometimes ceases altogether, but appears suddenly again, with grad-
ually increased strength, and extends from the epigastrium right and
left to the inner wall of the chest as far as the back.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Lobelia does not have that debil-
itating action on the stomach as an immediate effect, that other
emetics cause. Most persons, after an emetic of Lobelia, can eat
heartily and with relish. Its long-continued use, however, debili-
tates the stomach and weakens digestion. "Botanic" physicians
consider it one of the best remedies for dyspepsia. They insist that
small doses-five or six drops-one hour before meals, largely increase
the appetite and power of digestion; but if the patient be bilious,
an emetic dose must be given.
It ought to be homoeopathic to many kinds of vomiting; but the
annals of our school contain but few cases illustrating its curative
powers in this direction.
The following cases are taken from various sources:
Gastralgia biliosa. -A robust man of 35 years of age, who had
an intermittent fever suppressed about a week before, by the employ-
ment of Sulphate of Quinia in grain doses, frequently repeated, was
attacked during the night with an uneasiness of the stomach, which
continuing to increase, about ten o'clock in the forenoon he took a
692
NEW REMEDIES.
large dose of anti-bilious pills. In the evening the pain became ex-
cessively violent. It occurred in frequent paroxysms of most excru-
ciating pain, chiefly in the region of the stomach, accompanied with
a feeling as of a heavy load; great nausea and a disposition to vomit.
By pushing his finger down his throat, he was enabled to produce
vomiting and succeeded in bringing up some thick yellow bile. About
10 o'clock I was called to see him, I found him bathed in a cold
sweat, with great prostration of strength and very feeble pulse. I
gave him a drop of the first centesimal dilution of the tincture of the
Lobelia inflata in a little sugar. It was succeeded by a paroxysm
even more violent than any of the precceding. In his agony he made
the same efforts to accomplish vomiting as before, but succeeded in
bringing up but little. As the pain in the stomach began to abate,
be complained of violent pain in the top of the right shoulder, and
afterwards of pain in the back, from about the first to the fourth
dorsal vertebra. This pain lasted for some minutes. He then
laid down and appeared to fall into a light sleep, during which the
hands became warmer, the skin drier, and the pulse stronger. In
about half an hour he had another paroxysm, the pain of which was
not half so severe as it had been before, was felt lower in the abdo-
men, and was accompanied by rumbling of flatus. Soon after this I
left him, feeling very confident that the disease was subdued. As he
was very anxious about the pills not having operated, I allowed him,
after he had rested a short time, an enema of molasses and water,
which was followed by a couple of stools in the course of the night.
The next day I found him sitting up, but quite weak, though entirely
free from pain, of which he had but little after the second paroxysm,
which followed the administration of the Lobelia. In this case the
pathogenetic operation of the Lobelia in the production of the pain
in the shoulder and back (which he had not felt previously to its em-
ployment) led me to anticipate the result of its action and all happened
afterwards as I expected. The power of this remedy to produce those
identical symptoms I knew, and when the patient complained of them,
it was plain to me that the remedy was strongly operating upon the
system, and that on this ground I must view the increased violence of
the paroxysm as a homoeopathic aggravation, which must be followed
by cure. The improvement of the condition after this, so different from
that in which I found him, confirmed these views, which were still
further corroborated by the mildness of the next paroxysm, which also
preved to be the last. Some persons will, no doubt, attribute the
cure to the enema, which would aid in the operation of the purgative
pills taken in the morning. But I object to this view of the case;
the cure was almost completed before the bowels were open; in fact,
the bowels were opened in consequence of the cure, instead of the
cure being in consequence of such opening.*
Dyspepsia.-Many of the symptoms point strongly to the disease :*
"A boy, aged fifteen, being, as his father supposed, somewhat
bilious,' yet in good health, took at 9 a. M., one teaspoonful in decoc-
*Marcy and Hunt. Dyspepsia."
LOBELIA INFLATA.
693
tion, Lobelia seed, in divided doses. In two hours he complained of
great epigastric pain and fullness which became more and more severe,
until he ran furiously about the room striking upon the epigastrium
and screaming with most intense anguish. After this condition
had continued for four hours, he vomited bilious matter, and awoke
from his condition of partial delirium as from a dream. No injury
followed.*
•
Dr. Jeanes remarks he has been able to remove many dyspeptic
symptoms with this drug. He considers the chief indications for its
use are :-The sense of weakness and oppression at the epigastrium,
and at the same time some oppression at the breast. The nearer
approach to these symptoms the less have I been disappointed. There
are, however, some cases where although the symptoms of pectoral
oppression are very trifling, yet this remedy operates satisfactorily.
In a case of this kind, which I have but recently treated, and which
occurred in a fat, robust man about 45 years of age, who complained
chiefly of a copious hemorrhoidal discharge, and consequent debility,
and a sensation of tightness in the epigastrium and some acidity of
the stomach. I at first gave him Nux vomica without any apparent
abatement of his disease, and subsequently some other remedies with
the same want of success. At length he complained of some oppres-
sion at the breast, for which I administered Lobelia . The follow-
ing day he informed me that he felt new life and vigor, and that the
pectoral, gastric and hemorrhoidal disorders had all disappeared since
that time, now about two weeks: he has remained free from them, and
also from a feeling of want of power in the anus and rectum which
was exceedingly uncomfortable to him while at stool, and to which he
had been subject to for many years.†
Abdomen.-Pain in the right hypocondrium; distention of the
abdomen, with shortness of breath; flatulent rumbling in the abdo-
men, with pain; slight pain; sensation of motion in the abdomen, and
escape of offensive flatus; pain in the abdomen, always worse after
eating; dull pain in the abdomen; some pain in the lower part of the
abdomen; sensation in the abdomen, as if diarrhoea were about to
occur; griping and drawing pain in the abdomen.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Intestinal intussusception. In ob-
struction by stricture, the relaxing power of a tobacco enema has been
considered to deserve one trial at least (Brinton). It has also been
used with success in obstruction, by bands, especially by gall stones.
We much prefer Lobelia in only drop doses.‡
""
Eberle succeeded readily in the reduction of an incarcerated
hernia after an enema of the infusion of Lobelia. This might depend
upon mere relaxation, as from blood letting, the tobacco enema, etc.
By an experience of my own, it has made me suspect that it possessed
*Hempel's Materia Medica. p. 1,039.
Transactions American Institute of Homœopathy, vol. 1, p. 192.
#Marcy and Hunt Practice.
694
NEW REMEDIES.
some properties which render it peculiarly suitable as a remedy in
hernia.
A patient laboring under all the symptoms of incarcerated hernia,
which remained in all their violence, after the apparent reduction of
the hernia, (most probably from a constriction of the sac) received,
when in almost a hopeless condition, a minute dose of Lobelia, In
the course of two hours the bowels, which had not been moved for
several days, became open, and the symptoms of incarceration speed-
ily disappeared. This may have been a spontaneous change, such as
has occurred in other cases of hernia, but it is certainly calculated to
call attention to this drug in this disease.*
It is frequently called into use by the eclectics in the reduction of
hernias.
Stool.-Pappy stools; whitish, soft stools; scraping sensation, as
from the passage of a rough, hard body during stool; discharge of
black blood after stool; copious hemorrhage, from the hemorrhoidal
vessels.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-This last symptom is marked curative
by Dr. Jeanes and refers to the last case quoted under " Stomach."
He also states that it has proved curative in his own person."
Urine.-Desire to urinate, and, increased secretion of urine;
increased secretion of urine; diminished secretion of urine; urine
with a loose cloudy sediment; urine easily decomposed, and deposit-
ing a pink sediment with small brown crystals; urine of a deep red
color, depositing a copious red sediment; sticking pain in the region
of the right kidney; pain in the loins; urine neutral; watery or
brown urine, with copious red sediment; tensive pains in the groins.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Every physician as he reads the excel-
lent and suggestive proving of Dr. Noack, of Leipsig, of this drug, will
regret that the urine was not submitted to a careful chemical analysis,
had he told us just what the constituents of the urine were, I am
sure it would have assisted much to the proper use of this much ne-
glected remedy.
From the facts presented we would be obliged to draw our own
conclusions. 1st. The urine is small in amount. 2d. Of a deep red
color. 3d. It deposits crystals, red and brown. The only exceptions
to these statements are increased secretion of urine, and neutral urine.
This was immediately after dinner the first day. The neutral urine
was passed immediately after dinner the second day. The amount of
fluid drank at those meals would account for both of these exceptions.
From the above conclusions we are led to infer that there was an ex-
cess of the urates, principally uric acid. The destruction of muscular
tissue would call for the water, this would lessen the fluidity and in-
crease its deep color. The usual color of the urates is pink, but
sometimes brown. It will be seen that in cases reported by Dr.
*Transactions American Institute of Homœopathy, vol. 1, p. 189.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
695
Jeanes that this high colored urine and sediment are prominent symp-
toms. He lays them down as pathognomonic symptoms.
Which one of the urates is in excess is left for some investigating
mind to determine. It sould be done. As full and complete as our
provings are in other regards, they are sorely deficient in chemical
and microscopic analysis of the urine.
Sexual Organs.-Male. Aching pain in the urethra; smarting
of the prepuce; troublesome feeling of weight in the genitals. Pres-
sure on the genital organs.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Syphilis. Sir W. Johnson, observing
that the Indians of America made use of some remedy unknown to
him for this disease, purchased the secret and found that it was this
plant.
Van Sweeten considers it a certain and safe remedy for the
venereal disease."*
Female.-Uterine hemorrhage; pains in the sacrum; violent pain
in the sacrum, with fever, etc.; supervening suppression of the
menses during their flow.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. E. Caspari gave Lobelia to an
elderly lady (who had not menstruated for four years) for pain in the
right shoulder; it relieved the pain and brought on menstruation.
Dr. Gosewisch gave it to a lady in the last stage of consumption, who
had not menstruated for six months; it palliated the cough and
brought on the menses, which continued for some days, although of
course in small quantity. A lady over fifty years of age, who had
long ceased to menstruate, had, after taking Lobelia for a cough,
bleeding at the nose.†
Dr. Paine (eclectic) uses it to allay those skirmishing pains before
parturition; to ward off threatening convulsions in approaching
eclampsia. Where the old school resort to the lancet, he uses an
enema of Lobelia with happy results.
Rigidity of the os.—It is of much use in this condition, which often
exists, to the great annoyance of busy practitioners. The same dose is
here given, which not only relaxes the rigid os, but all the muscles of
body.
Rigidity of the Perineum.-Often, says he, have I had call to
bring my instruments to deliver a patient (and the Dr. too) where this
condition of affairs, the head thrust against the perineum, had existed
for hours, the attending physician using teas, fomentations and patience
without avail. A single enema of Lobelia has worked like a charm,
relaxing the parts, and the child was born.
It is doubtful if Lobelia is primarily homoeopathic to any of the
above conditions, excepting, perhaps, the false pains before parturi-
tion.
*Stille, vol. II., p. 281.
Transactions American Institute of Homoeopathy, vol. I., p. 189.
696
NEW REMEDIES.
Larynx.-Sneezing, accompanied by gaping and flatulent eructa-
tions; coughing, frequent, short, dry cough; titillation in the larynx,
with sensation of a foreign body in the throat, impeding the breath.
ing and swallowing; violent, racking cough, in paroxysms of long
continuance, followed by profuse expectoration of ropy mucus, which
adheres to the pharynx.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This remedy is recommended as a
remedy for hydrophobia; it is to be given "dose after dose till the
system is completely prostra ted and the patient is entirely unable to
lift a hand." There are several cures on record from its use.*
Pertussis-Noack remarks, that in some cases of whooping
cough the Lobelia appears to him to be, even in the third stage,
(stadium adynamicum) of essential service.+
Bronchitis. Some of the symptoms point strongly to some forms
of this disease. Marcy and Hunt quotes it for this disease.§
Croup.—Lobelia has not only been recommended as a remedy for
croup, but is extensively used by the eclectics, but only however for
the spasmodic variety.
Dr. Duncan, of Chicago, testifies to its efficacy in this disease.
When about 12 years of age, on his way to a spelling-shool, one night
he wet his feet. He became rapidly hoarse, and by 10 P. M., three
hours after he wet his feet, he could not speak aloud. The throat felt
as if very severely constricted. He was taken to a friend's house,
who bathed his feet, gave him a Lobelia emetic, which relaxed the
whole system; he was put to bed, surrounded by hot bricks, and he
perspired freely. He soon dropped to sleep and next day was at
school as usual.
Chest. A general tightness of the chest and somewhat laborious
breathing, discovered that he had a disposition involuntarily to keep
his mouth open to breathe; oppression of the chest; a tightness of
the breast, with heat in the forehead; sensation of fullness in the
chest, breathing somewhat short and superficial, twenty-four respira-
tions in a minute; oppression causing a deep breath to be taken.
Deep inspiration causes a feeling of comfort, from relieving the pres-
sive pain in the epigastrium; oppression of breathing; acceleration
of breathing, with a feeling as if it were insufficient, and therefore,
required from time to time a deeper inspiration; abdominal respira-
tion less than usual; inclination to sigh; deep inspiration; short
inspiration, slow expiration; great difficulty of holding the breath; a
peculiar feeling, between tickling and smarting in the larynx, like
inclination to cough, which, however, occurred but seldom, and then
was accompanied by a feeling of oppression. Chronic dyspepsia,
* Marcy and Hunt.
+ British Journal, vol. I.
Marcy and Hunt.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
697
with the sensation of a lump in the pit of the throat, immediately
above the sternum, impeding respiration and deglutition; slight tick-
ling, on taking a deep breath, under the lower part of the sternum.
Paroxysmal asthma: pain in the chest, increased by deep inspiration;
pain in the breast; pains in the chest from walking after dinner;
burning feeling in the breast, passing upwards; slight deep-seated
pain in the region of the heart; pain under the middle of the sternum ;
burning pain in a small spot under the right breast, near the epigas-
trium; in a quick movement of the body, deep breathing, sneezing
and feeling as if something had fallen out of its place, which went
back again with great pain; the same pain in the epigastrium and
left side. Violent boring pain through the back, under the right
shoulder, extending from the painful place through the body, becoming
more violent by motion, the painful place as if palsied; pressing pain
at the left side of the lower part of the sternum; feeling of drawing
in the left breast, from the nipple to the axilla; a sense of rawness
and soreness in the chest below the clavicle; angina pectoris, with
pain extending to the shoulder and arms.
CLINICAL OBServations.—Asthma.--It was the value of this
remedy in this disease that established for it a place in the Materia
Medica. Noack says "its beneficial influence in pure asthma is at-
tested from experience by Elliotson, (Lancet, June, 1832, and March,
1833); Whitlaw, (Lancet, 1833); Burton, (Coll. Mat. Med., 36-56);
Stewart, (Rinna von Sarenbach, repert 25,113); Randall, (Am. Med.
Botany); Bradstreet, (Am. Med. Botany); Reece, (A treatise on the
anti-asthmatic effects of the bladder-podded Lobelia: London, Ridgeway
1829); Andrew, (Glasgow Med. Journal, May, 1828); John Forbes,
(Eberle; Treatise on the Mat. Med. Philadelphia, 1822); Cutler, (Mem..
Am. Academy, I. 484); Bidault de Villiers, (Nouvelle Biblioth, Med.
I., 226); Behrend, (Berlin Med. Central Zeitung, 1835, No. 24, S.
681); Newmann, C. G. Newmann Bemerk, ud. il. gibranchl., Arsnei-
mittel, Berlin, 1840), and others." (Allopathic)
Dr. Cutler, (allopath,) gives his case as follows:
"It has been my misfortune to be an asthmatic for about ten years.
I have made trial of a great variety of the usual remedies, with very
little benefit. In several paroxysms I had found immediate relief,
more frequently than from anything else, from the skunk cabbage.
(Dracontium fœtidum Lin. Arum Americanum, Catesby.)
Dr.
The last summer I had the severest attack ever experienced. It
commenced early in August and continued about eight weeks.
Drury, of Marblehead, also an asthmatic, had made use of the Indian
tobacco, by the advice of a friend, in a severe paroxysm early in
the spring. It gave him immediate relief, and he has been entirely
free from the complaint from that time. I had a tincture made of the
fresh plant, and took care to have the spirit fully saturated, which
698
NEW REMEDIES.
I think is important. In a paroxysm which perhaps was as severe as I
ever experienced, the difficulty of breathing extreme, and after it had
continued for a considerable time, I took a table spoonful. In three
or four minutes my breathing was as free as it ever was, but I felt no
nausea at the stomach. In ten minutes I took another spoonful,
which occasioned sickness. After ten minutes I took the third, which
produced sensible effects upon the coats of the stomach, and a very
little puking, and a kind of prickling sensation through the whole sys-
tem, even to the extremities of the fingers and toes. The urinary
passage was perceptibly affected by producing a smarting sensation in
passing urine, which was probably provoked by stimulus upon the
bladder. But all these sensations very soon subsided, and vigor
seemed to be restored to the constitution which I had not experienced
for years. I have not since had a paroxysm, and only few times some
small symptoms of asthma. Besides the violent attacks, I had scarcely
passed a night without more or less of it, and often so as not be able
to be in bed. Since that time I have enjoyed as good health as, per-
haps, before the first attack." He also adds, "in all cases of which I
have been informed, it has produced immediate relief, but the effects
have been different in different kinds of asthma. Some have been
severely puked with only a tea-spoonful, but in all cases some nausea
seems to be necessary. The asthma with which I have been afflicted,
I conceive to be that kind which Dr. Bree, in his practical inquiries
on disordered respiration, etc., calls the first species, a convulsive
asthma from pulmonic irritation of effused serum. My constitution
has been free, I believe, from any other disorder than what has been
occasioned by an affection of the lungs, anxiety of the præcordia, and
straitness of the breast and other symptoms, produced by that affec-
tion."*
Dr. Wm. P. C. Barton (allopathic) prescribed it for a domestic
who was distressingly affected with spasmodic asthma. She was a
female of a narrow and depressed thorax, and for years past had been
subject to this complaint. During one of the paroxysms I directed her
to take a tea-spoonful of the brandy tincture every two hours. After
taking the second spoonful, she was immediately relieved. In a sub-
sequent attack, the experiment was repeated, increasing the dose to a
tea-spoonful every hour, with the same effect, the patient declaring
that she never found such immediate and entire relief from any of the
numerous medicines she had previously taken.t
Dr. Livezey (eclectic) remarks, speaking of this drug: In asthma,
especially of the spasmodic kind, the most marked benefits result from
the use of this plant.‡
A child, aged eighteen months, had been seized daily, at mid-day,
for three months with asthmatic paroxysms of difficulty of breathing,
terminating in cough without expectoration. An intermittent fever
prevailed in the vicinity, the author supposed that the disease might
partake of its nature and administered quinine with hyosciamus, etc.,
*Transactions American Institute of Hom., vol. I., p. 194.
Transactions American Institute of Hom., vol. I., p.¡195.
#Braithwaite's Retrospect, part XVI., p. 134.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
699
as well as external derivatives, but without any avail. The tincture
of Lobelia inflata (15 drops every three hours) was given in weak tea,
and by the third day, the paroxysm had become much diminished in
intensity and duration, and in fourteen days no traces of the affection
remained, the child continued quite well when seen a year and a half
afterwards.*
Dr. Paine (eclectic) remarks: In asthma, generally, its powers
are well marked.
Almost all writers unite in bearing testimony to its occasional ex-
traordinary efficacy in the paroxysm of spasmodic asthma. It is, on
the whole, the most efficacious remedy that I have myself employed in
that affection.†
Dr. Noack gives us the following case:
A lady in the climacteric years, of bilious constitution, choleric
temperament and great excitability, in a high degree hysterical, who
had been married young, and since then been attacked from time to
time by severe constrictive pains of the chest, uninterrupted hiccough,
a jerking out of sounds, which resembled a disagreeable laughter, and
distortion of the musles of the face. The paroxysm, when less severe,
consisted only of loud sighing, moaning, with hurried expiration; the
abdominal muscles worked strongly, the hands were firmly pressed
upon the breast, the countenance presented the expression of a pain-
ful smile, and the pulse with the skin at the ordinary temperature,
was small, oppressed and slow. After some five minutes, longer and
less noisy expiration, and long drawn sighs occurred, the patient be-
came able to speak, open her eyes, complained of great thirst, severe
pain in the back, epigastrium, hypochondria and loins, and of great
debility. After short pauses, new attacks supervened on each other
for many hours. The paroxysms were awaited in a lying posture,
with the head thrown back. Strong mental emotions and frequent
social dissipation, especially through the whole night, brought on
these paroxysm, which mostly appeared in the early morning hours,
and then did not repeat themselves for twenty-four hours. The
habitual disorder of the patient consisted, moreover, in day sleepiness
night wakefulness, twitching in the sleep, before going to sleep, rest-
lessness; heat in the hands and feet, which were at other times cold;
shortness of breath from somewhat severe exertion of the body;
pressing pain in the forehead, and frequent vomiting of water, with
otherwise good digestion. In the early periods of her disease,
numerous medicines from the so called class of the volatile remedies,
as musk, etc., also many mineral waters, were prescribed, but with-
out success. I had no cause to congratulate myself on my success
with the many other remedies I had employed, until I resolved to ad-
minister the Lobelia. For a length of time I allowed her to take
evening and morning a drop of the tincture on sugar, and during the
attacks, the same dose every quarter of an hour. The result was
tolerably satisfactory, inasmuch as at times, the disease only gave
*British and Foreign Medical and Chirurgical Review, vol. III., p. 533.
Wood's Therapuetics, vol. II., p. 137.
700
NEW REMEDIES.
i
nsinuations of approach, without coming to an outbreak, and also
when this happened they were both far less severe, and of short
duration; instead of the moaning, presenting only sighing. But this
modification was all that Lobelia could effect, the disorder not yet being
removed.*
Dr. Jeanes mentions the following case where he found Lobelia
curative. A married lady, 38 years of age, the mother of several
children, she had suffered since her childhood from dyspepsia, in-
creased by very active exertion, by going up or down stairs, exposure
to cold, and eating very warm food; pain in the left lumbar region of
the abdomen (also from childhood). Within the last year constant
burning in the stomach and throat, with a sensation of dryness in the
latter, as also of a lump in the pit of the throat, which impeded res-
peration and deglutition; weakness and oppression of the epigastrium;
with other symptoms of gastric derangement; urine of a deep red,
depositing a copious red sediment. Lobelia inflata, (4 globules
of the 6th dilution,) was given in the evening, and by next morning
the sensation of the lump and burning in the throat, together with
the dyspepsia, had greatly diminished, and in a few days entirely dis-
appeared. The urine also became perfectly normal in appearance.
She has continued well, without perceiving a trace of the asthmatic
symptoms and pain in her left side, which she had experienced from
childhood.+
4
6
The following are the chief symptoms which indicate the use of
Lobelia according to Dr. Jeanes: Constant dyspepsia, aggravated by
the slightest exertion, and increased by even the shortest exposure to
cold, to an asthmatic paroxysm; sensation of weakness, and pressure
on the epigastrium rising from thence to the heart, with or without
heartburn; feeling as of a lump or quantity of mucus, and also a
sense of pressure in the larynx ; pain in the forehead from one temple
to the other; pain in the neck; pain in the left side; high colored
urine; weakness and oppression in the epigastrium, with simultaneous
oppression ofthe heart.‡
Lobelia longiflora, which grows in the West Indies, spreads such
deleterious exhalations around it, that an asthmatic oppression of the
chest is felt, on approaching within many feet of it, as it stands in the
corner of the room. (Ingenhous.)
Darwin thus alludes to it :
"And fell Lobelia's suffocating breath.
Loads the damp pinions of the gale with death.”—Botanic Gardens.§
Cardialgia--It is recommended for this disease by Drs. Noack
Jeanes, Marcy and Hunt. Many of the symptoms point strongly to
this affection of the heart.
Noack relates the following case: A young man had suffered for
many years from attacks of pressure at the stomach, which extended
itself upwards into the breast, causing a feeling of oppression
* Transactions of American Institute of Hom., Vol. 1, page 196.
+ Transactions American Institute, of Hom., volume 1, page 197.
British Journal. Vol. I
Marcy and Hunt.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
701
and accompanied by nausea, flowing of water into the mouth and
disposition to vomit, but no vomiting. The attacks occurred at
no certain intervals, and sometimes continued for a long time. He
had already tried a variety of remedies, among others, the Carlsbadt
water, which at first afforded a little relief, but after a little time,
ceased to do so. At a time when there was considerable fever, he
took two drops of the saturated tincture of Lobelia inflata once a day
for five days in succession; many green diarrhoea stools occurred, but
the pressure at the stomach gradually diminished, and by the sixth
day was entirely removed. Nineteen months afterwards the patient
still remained free from the disease.*
Cardialgia Biliosa-Reported by Noack:
A servant maid, aged 26 years, of bilious habit, had suffered for a
long time from cramp of the stomach, which shewed itself by severe
pressing in the epigastrium, and which was excited by certain kinds
of food, or mental emotions, especially in the evening, and continued
into the night. In October, 1839, after fright and vexation during
the menstrual period, which caused a suppression, she complained of
alternating heat and cold, nausea, bitter taste, thirst, vomiting of bile,
severe pressing in the epigastrium after eating, and also while fasting,
exacerbating in the evening; oppression and a feeling of anxiety in
the breast, and pain in the sacral region; her tongue had a yellow
coating, and her pulse was small, weak and slow. A drop of the
tincture of Lobelia was given morning and evening, and by the second
day produced marked effects. Severe pain in the forehead and
frequent diarrhoea stools (seven in the day) took place, the vomiting
ceased, the nausea diminished and the breast was no longer oppressed.
A drop of the tincture on the third and fourth days removed the re-
maining bitter taste and the sacral pain. The patient was perfectly
well by the fifth day.†
Dr. Jeanes give the following case, one out of many, in a married
lady, aged 38, accompanying chronic dyspepsia; sensation of weak-
ness and oppression at the epigastrium, and extending from thence
into the chest; burning in the stomach, and a sensation as if there
was a burning lump in the pit of the throat, which appeared to impede
swallowing and respiration. In swallowing, it seemed as if at this
point something rose up to meet the food and obstruct its descent into
the stomach; frequent vomiting of the food after meals, especially
after eating warm food. She had not known what it was to be
without heartburn for one hour for the last year." Her urine was
high colored and deposited a copious red sediment. She had for a
long time been subject to pain in the left lumbar region of the ab-
domen. Lobelia effected a gradual but perfect removal of the whole
train of her dyspeptic symptoms ‡
1
Pericarditis.—Those familiar with this disease will notice many
of its promineut symptoms.
*British Journal, volume I.
¡ Transactions American Institute of Hom., volume 1, page 191.
Transactions American Institute of Hom., volume 1, page 191.
702
NEW REMEDIES.
Phthisis. Nearly all the remedies of the materia medica have
been employed in the treatment of this trying disease, and this one
has not been overlooked. It is recommended in cases of psoric
diathesis. I think it will be found curative in those cases where the
nerves which supply the lungs, as the pneumogastric, phrenic, cardiac
plexus, etc., are involved; but not where the ultimate structure is at
fault. If the phthisis originated from disease of the spinal nerves, I
do not think it will be found curative, the pneumogastric must be in-
volved.
Teste relates the following desperate case of suffocative catarrh:
"The patient was an unmarried lady of about 40 years; rather deaf;
of a fanciful high temper; she was pale, haggard, emaciated; subject
to terrible bleedings from the left nostril. These hemorrhages which
sometimes lasted several days without intermission, caused her to
faint. The bronchial affection which led me to prescribe Lobelia,
manifested itself with a marked intermittent character. After a chill
of about an hour, the cough and dyspnoea commenced, about two
o'clock in the afternoon, and lasted until next morging. The pulse
was rather full and frequent; the patient was troubled with profuse
sweats, accompanied by a feeling of extreme malaise at night. A
severe constrictive and stitching pain was felt in the whole left side
of the chest, and extended along the left arm, as far as the ends of
the fingers. The cough which returned in paroxysms of long contin-
uance, racked the head, and was accompanied with a profuse expecto-
ration of mucus. During the paroxysms the face became red, and
the sweat trickled down from it. Lastly, a very painful retention of
urine, which terminated towards morning, completed this sad con-
dition, which had not been modified in the least by such remedies, as
Nux vomica and Digitalis. This lady had never had the itch, or
any other disease of the skin. Lobelia cured her in a few days, and
seemed even to have arrested the nosebleed, which had not yet re-
turned, three months after the treatment. The hearing had remained
the same.
Back. -Burning and cutting in the lower part of the spine; pain
about the third, fourth and fifth dorsal vertebra; rheumatic pains
between the scapula; slight drawing pain between the scapula; pre-
viously slight muscular twitching over the ribs of the right side, near
the spine; painfulness of the nape of the neck and dorsal region;
weariness in the back, with heaviness of the head, lasting the whole
day; violent spasmodic pain in the regio iliaca posterior senistra,
scarcely allowing touch and motion.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-These pains are quite suggestive, it
will be seen, that the nerves of motion and sensation are not only
effected, but that the muscular tissue also suffers; the destruction of
this tisssue is also great, as is noted by "uneasiness of the back, etc.,”
painfulness of the nape of the neck, etc."
It seems to be homoeopathic to some forms of neuralgia.
* Teste's Materia Medica, page 171.
LOBELIA INFLATA.
703
Upper Extremities.-Slight rheumatic feeling in the right
shoulder joint; pain only when touched, in the muscles of the right
arm, in a space the width of the hand; the pain in the shoulder gone;
fine crawling stitches in the inside of the right deltoid muscle; par-
alytic feeling in the left arm; pain in the right elbow joint; severe
rheumatic pain in the right elbow joint.
Lower Extremities.-Pressing pain in the middle part of the
thigh, and at the same time constrictive feeling of the head; inflam-
matory rheumatism of the right knee, with swelling and extreme
pain; violent tearing pain in the fibula, from below up to the knee
joint; pain in the left leg, whilst sitting; a feeling about the knees of
pain and stiffness, as from fatigue; weariness in the limbs; cramp-
like feelings in the left gastrocnemius; cramp in the calf of the leg,
on awaking from a restless sleep; cramp-like feeling in the bottom of
the left foot; prickling sensation through the whole body, extending
even to the fingers and toes; its action is felt in the fingers and toes;
frequent yawning and stretching; cramps in the calves,
ERRATA.-Page 679, first note, read American Institute of Homœopathy instead of American
Medical Institute.
Page 683. third line, read Pearson instead of Peterson.
Page 685, second line, read labored iustead of lateral.
Add Hale to first paragraph page 688.
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS.
(Bugle Weed)
ANALOGUES.-Cimicifuga, Cerasus, Digitalis, Hydrocyanic acid,
Lauracerasus, Sanguinaria, Spigelia.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant, also known as Paul's Betony
and Water Horehound, is an indigenous, perennial herb, with a
fibrous root, and a smooth, straight, obtusely four-angled stem, with
the sides concave, producing slender runners from the base, and from
10 to 20 inches in height. The leaves are opposite, oblong, or ovate-
lanceolate, toothed, entire toward the base, with glandular dots under-
neath. The flowers are very small, purplish, in dense, axillary
whorls; at the base of each flower are two small subulate bracts.
Corolla campanulate, four-cleft, the tube as long as the calyx, upper
segment broadest, emarginate. Calyx tubular, four-cleft, longer,
than the achenia; stamens two, distant, diverging, simple; anthers
erect, bilobed; ovary superior, four-angled; style straight, slender;
stigma bilobate; achenia four, smooth, abovate, obliquely truncate at
apex, compressed, margins thickened.
"Bugle weed is found growing in almost all parts of the United
States, in moist and shady situations, flowering in June and August.
It has a peculiar, balsamic, terebinthinate odor, and a disagreeable,
slightly bitter taste; it imparts its properties to boiling water in
infusions. The whole herb is officinal. It has not been analyzed, but
probably its virtues depend upon a volatile oil and tannic acid."* An
analysis of this plant made by Tilden & Co.,† gives 40 parts of Tannin
to 7,000 organic and inorganic matters, also "bitter principle, soluble
in ether, 24 parts," and a "peculiar principle, insoluble in ether, 696
parts.'
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the whole plant; dilutions;
tincture triturations. (Infusion.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-I quote entire the history of this plant, as
given by Prof. Rafinesque, as it is the only clear account we have of
its introduction into the medical profession:
"The L. virginicus is an excellent sedative, sub-tonic, sub-nar-
cotic, and sub-astringent. It has only lately been taken notice of
when the L. vulgaris was extolled in Europe for fevers. Schoeff only
mentions its qualities, and it is omitted in all the books of Materia
Medica, except Ives and Zollickoffer. The first inquirers on it its
properties were Drs. Pendleton and Rogers, of New York, who have
published several cases of hemoptysis and incipient phthisis cured by
it. This has been confirmed by Drs. J. M. Smith, Ives, Lawrence
and myself. It is now much used in New York and New Jersey.
* King's Dispensatory.
+ Tildens Journal of Materia Medica, volume 1. page 626.
edical Botany, volume 2. page 24.
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS.
705
The whole plant is employed; it has a balsamic terebinthaceous smell,
peculiar to itself, when bruised, which is stronger in the seeds. The
taste is pleasant, balsamic, and slightly bitter, but to some it appears
mawkish and nauseating. It is described as partaking of the proper-
ties of Digitalis, Sanguinaria, Cimicifuga and Spigelia; but it is
neither diuretic or authelmintic, and is rather one of the mildest and
and best narcotics in existence. It acts somewhat like Digitalis, and
lowers the pulse without producing any of its bad effects, nor accumu-
lating in the system. It is, therefore, altogether preferable to it, and
not only an equivalent, but even a valuable substitute, as I have as-
certained upon myself and many others. Volumes have been written
upon the Digitalis, a rank poison, and this excellent substitute is
hardly noticed yet. It has, howover, been used in the New York
Hospital, and found very beneficial; it lessens the frequency of the
pulse, allays irritation and cough, by equalizing the blood. It is said to
be most useful when febrile excitement has been subdued; but I have
seen it to subdue it by itself, as with other tonics. I have made many
experiments on this plant, and the results are, that although it does
not cure the consumption, nor heal the lungs, it is very useful in
hemoptysis, a plethoric habit and internal inflammation. I consider
it as a very good substitute to all narcotics, prussic acid, and even to
bleeding, since it produces the same state of the pulse and arterial
system, without inducing any debility, nor acting on the heart or
brain in any injurious manner. It may be used in many diseases,
and whenever it is required to quell inordinate actions of the blood,
or even other fluids. I have been informed that it has been common-
ly used in New Jersey for diarrhoea and dysentery, which it helps to
cure. It is a good adjunct to tonics in fevers. It is also peculiarly
useful in the inflammatory diseases of drunkards, in diseases of
the heart, etc. I deem it the best sedative in almost all cases
does not seem to act on the nervous system, but chiefly over the blood
vessels. The usual way to take it has been in the form of a warm in-
fusion, allowed to cool, taken as diet drink, and without much nicety
about the quantity. In hemoptysis, I prefer a lemonade made with a
weak tea of it, or a syrup made with it. A very strong infusion may
also be used by putting one or two spoonfuls of it in tonic or refriger-
ant drinks."
it
Wood & Bache do not make much mention of the Lycopus.
Quoting a remark of Dr. Ives, that "it is a mild narcotic," and al-
luding to its alleged virtues in pulmonary complaints. Stille does not
notice the plant at all, and other allopathic authorities are equally
silent. Authorities in the eclectic schools, bestow a more extended
notice on the plant. Many of the practitioners of that system estimate
its virtues very highly.
Dr. King* mentions it in the following manner:
“The exact medicinal virtues of this plant are not well determined.
It appears to possess sedative, tonic, astringent, and narcotic proper-
ties, and has successfully been used in incipient phthisis, hemoptysis,
* Eclectic Medical Dispensatory.
45
706
NEW REMEDIES.
and other hemorrhages; it soothes irritation, reduces the frequency
of the pulse, and lessens cough. It acts somewhat like digitalis, in
reducing the velocity of the pulse, but it is devoid of the dangerous
effects resulting from the use of that drug. It is decidedly beneficial in
the treatment of diabetes, having cured when all other means were
useless; and has been of service in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery,
inflammatory diseases of drunkards, diseases of the heart, and inter-
mittents. Dose of the powder from one to two drachms; of the infu-
sion, from two to four fluid ounces.
Dr. Scudder* places it in his class of 'Sedatives' along with
Veratrum, Aconite, Gelseminum, Digitalis, etc., but admits that it
differs considerably from those agents in its action on the system.
He says "It is a mild sedative narcotic, feebly tonic, and moderately
astingent," * *
It is employed in all cases of excessive vascular
excitement with great advantage. Its mild and congenial sedative
properties render it a remedy of great value in lessening tumultuous.
action. For this purpose it has been employed in febrile and inflam-
matory affections, more especially in the various forms of pneumonia.
In these diseases its mild sedative and narcotic properties render it
peculiarly valuable in lessening general irritation and diminishing
exalted organic action. In acute diseases of this character, and in the
chronic diseases of the respiratory organs attended with hemorrhage,
it is very useful. In those diseases of a chronic character, in cases
of great weakness in the thoracic crgans, in cases where there is a
frequent hemorrhage or a tendency to hemorrhage from those organs
in the incipient forms of phthisis, or even when the complaint is
somewhat advanced, and even in the confirmed stages of that com-
plaint, the sedative and tranquilizing influences of the Lycopus,
together with its mild tonic and astringent properties, render it an
agent of very great importance. It somewhat lessens the momentum
of the circulation, the irritability and excitability of the nervous and
vascular systems, and hence controls febrile excitement, and lessens
the heat of the body; it lessens irritation in the lungs and conse-
quently the harrassing and exhausting cough; and if the patient is
the subject of hemorrhage from the lungs, it lessens vascular excite-
ment and the quantity of blood that circulates in the lungs in a given
time, and in this way the irritation and the cough; and in the
advanced stages of the disease, when the expectoration is copious and
debilitating, the sedative, astringent and tonic influences of the
Lycopus point to it as an invaluable palliative remedy, if not a
curative remedy in all such cases. Its properties cannot injure
under any circumstances of the kind, and it may be resorted to with
a strong probability of at least mitigating all the urgent symptoms,
and even of effecting a cure.
The same remarks will apply to its utility in hematemesis,
hematuria, uterine hemorrhage and hemorrhage of the bowels, etc.
It acts somewhat like Digitalis, says Rafinesque, in lowering the
pulse without producing its bad effects as accumulating in the system.
Materia Medica and Therapeutics.
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS.
707
He also says it is one of the mildest and best narcotics known. It is
useful in gastritis and enteritis in allaying irritation and inflammation.
It has been used freely and succesfully in dysentery and diarrhoea.
For this purpose it may be boiled in milk, with cinnamon or some
other aromatic added, and taken freely. It has been highly and very
justly extolled in diabetes. It is very useful in palpitation of the
heart, in hypertrophy of the heart, in dilatation of the ventricles of
that organ, as in cases of aneurism of any of the large vessels con-
tiguous to the heart. In cases of palpitation, whether arising from
an organic disease of that organ, or from some nervous irritation, or
whether it be symptomatic of some other disease, the Lycopus is valu-
able in either case to lessen irritation and organic action, and conse-
quently the suffering and great anxiety which the patient always
experiences in those affections.
One
Prof. Hill associates it with the Scutellaria in intermittents.
ounce of each added to one pint of boiling water, and made into an
infusion and taken in doses of half an ounce every hour, he says, has
proved highly beneficial in that disease. It may be used in debility
and irritability of the nervous system, and in either acute or chronic
diseases attended with wakefulness and morbid vigilance. It has
been used as a tonic in general debility, and also in indigestion, though
but seldom used in the case unless attended with pain and distress in
the epigastric region. It is used by some to purify the blood in cases
of old ulcers, and at the same time the ulcers are to be washed with
the infusion. It is also simmered in fresh butter, sweet oil or linseed
oil, and a little beeswax added to form an ointment, which has been
found useful in burns and irritable ulcers."
PROVING BY DR. G. E. CHANDLER.
(Member of the North-Western Provers' Association.)
The prover is a student of medicine, and has been enjoying per-
fect health for a long time, is of a good constitution, having a san-
guinine-nervo temperament; aged 30.
Nov. 26, 1865.—I commenced with the drug by taking 10 drops
of the tincture at 10 P, м., one hour before retiring.
Nov. 27.—At 7 A. M., took 11 drops, and also at 12 M.,
11 drops
more; at 5 P. M., a quite marked pressing pain in the supra-orbital
region but a few minutes; 5:16, took 11 drops, and also 11 drops
more at 10 P. M.
Nov. 28.-Took 12 drops one hour before each meal, and also be-
fore retiring. (No symptoms.)
Nov. 29.-At 3:30 P. м., a dull pain in the left supra-orbital region
of several hours duration. Took 13 drops four times, as yesterday.
Nov. 30.-A very marked sensation in the cardiac region, of a
constrictive character, lasting three hours. Accelerated respiration
during exercise, much more marked while ascending stairs. These
708
NEW REMEDIES.
symptoms were in the early part of the day. During the day a husk-
iness in the left patella, dull pain in the knee, continuing through the
day, but more intense while in motion. Took 14 drops as yesterday.
Nov. 31.-Took 15 drops as yesterday. (No symptoms.)
Jan. 1, 1866.—Discovered a peculiar beat of the heart, the first
sound displaced by a blowing sound.
Jan. 6.—At 5:30 P. M., took 15 drops of the tincture immediately
before eating.
Jan. 7.—Last night very restless, full of troubled dreams; severe
pressure in the forehead, more particularly in the left portion.
Eyes full, painful, and pressing outwards. 8 A. M., pulse 48, weak,
and irregular as to force; pressure in the forehead. Specific gravity
of urine 1,020; 9 a. M., took 15 drops; 2 P. M., the left limb feels full
one-half an inch shorter than the other, and the foot sounds on the
side-walk as if this was positively the case.
P.
Jan. 8.—At 8 a. м., took 20 drops; 12 м., diarrhoeic symptoms,
tenderness in the left hypochondrium; the eyes press out; 12:30 p.
M., stitch-like pain in the cardia, causing an exclamation; 2 p. m.,
constricting pain and tenderness around the heart, pulse 65, weak and
irregular in force; 5 P. M., increased action of the bowels, aggravated
diarrhoeic symptoms; could have had a passage any time of day, but
had perfect control of the sphincter ani; pressure in the forehead all
day; at 11:30 P. M., took 30 drops; passed during the day 32 ounces
of urine.
Jan. 9.—At 8 A. M., tenderness in the bladder; frontal and verti-
cal portion of the head dull and pressing out; took 50 drops at 8 a.
M.; pulse 56; specific gravity of urine 1,020; 9 A. M., slight husk-
iness of the left patella on motion; 11 A. M., pulse 64; 11:45 A. м., a
circumscribed pain and compression in the epigastric region; 12 M..
pain steady and deep in the right parotid gland, and at the angle
of the right maxillary; burning of the right ear, lasting an hour or
more; 3:30, dull pain in the lumbar region, particularly in the left,
and the bladder feels much distended when empty.
Jan. 12.—At 8 A. M., took 20 drops of the first; 9 A. M., severe
colic pains followed by a profuse and forcible diarrhoeic alvine evacua-
tion; 4 P, M., beat of the heart, much more distinct on the right of
the sternum than on the left, so much so, that my attention was called
to the fact while earnestly engaged, but soon passed away; catarrhal
sensation in the left nasi, of short duration; 4 P, M., pulse 68, and
full; 7:30 P. M., flatulence; 8:45 P. M., rumbling of the bowels with
colic; eyes full and heavy, and have been during the day; at 11 a.
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS.
709
M., took 20 drops, soon followed by griping in the bowels; pulse
regular in force.
Jan. 13.—At 8 A. M., tenderness in the abdomen; painful pres-
sure in the eye-balls; beat of the heart peculiar, as noted Jan. 1.
Jan. 14.—Pressing pain in the front head, but not as marked as
formerly; pulse 64, irregular in force.
甑
​Jan. 15.-At 3:15 P. м, throbbing pain in the cardia; constant
pressure in the front head and eyes; pulse 60 and irregular in force.
Jan. 16. No symptoms.
Jan. 17.-Some pain in the front head and eyes, but not constant ;
9:45 P. M., lugging pain in the spleen of several hours duration ;
flatulence all day.
Jan. 18.-Slight pressure in head and eyes in the evening; 7:30
P. M., pulse 60, and slightly irregular in force; a very sensible pres
sure in the cardiac region; the cardiac viscera pressing outwards but
not painful.
During this partial proving of the drug, I have not changed
my mode of living in any particular; my diet plain, and
varied. I have never been addicted to the use of tobacco in any form,
or spirituous drink of any kind, scarcely ever drink coffee: occasionally
tea. It has been my purpose to note only drug symptoms, perhaps
in my strict endeavors to do so; some symptoms have passed un-
recorded. During the proving, I lost more or less control of
my mind, it being wandering from one thing to another.
symptoms were more marked on alternate days.
The
Dr. R. Ludlam makes the following report, after an examination
of my heart:
[Jan. 15th, 1866, 4:30 p. м.-Found on auscultation, the first sound
of the heart lacking, sometimes faintly perceptible, displaced by a
blowing sound of mitral regurgitation. The second sound is pointed,
short, sharp, and more emphatic than natural. Pulse 58, a little
irregular; sometimes drags a little and then hurries up; weak.
Dr. I. S. P. Lord confirms this examination.]
Jan. 16th.—Pulse 64 and more regular; the first sound of the
heart more distinct, the blowing sound correspondingly less so; the
second one less sharp and emphatic; in short, the heart's action more
normal in every respect. Attest, Dr. E. M. P. Ludlam.
Jan. 18th.-First sound a little more distinct; pulse 56; blow-
ing sound more marked than when last examined.
Jan, 19th.—Same as yesterday, excepting that the first sound is
a little more distinct and the blowing sound less so; pulse 56.
710
NEW REMEDIES.
Jan. 22d.-Same report; normal sound more evident, the blowing
sound more faint; pulse 62.
Jan. 24th.-Pulse 60 and more regular; heart sound distinct at
the apex of the heart. This blowing sound is heard upwards in the
clavicular region and particularly between the scapulæ.
Feb. 14th.—Same excepting in degree; the blowing is less dis-
tinct; the heart sounds more normal. At intervals the sounds are
nearly normal, and then for from six to ten beats of the heart, the
blowing displaces the first sound. Pulse 70, probably somewhat
accelerated by a walk of half a mile in a violent snow storm.
Not having examined Mr. C. prior to his taking the drug, I cannot
declare positively that this abnormality is wholly due to his having
taken the Lycopus virginicus, but the probabilities are certainly very
strong in support of that view.
R. LUDLAM, M. D.
RESUME.
I have quoted the remarks in full relative to this interesting in-
digenous remedy, in order that the reader may get a general view of
its character and effects as viewed from the stand-point of allopathic
therapeutics. All seem to accede to this, namely, that it possesses a
peculiar sedative power over the circulation, and the sedation is held
in check by another power which is denominated a tonic influence,
also that it has some astringent,nervine, and a slight narcotic influence.
This really comprises all that is at present known by other schools
concerning the plant.
The Lycopus has not been used in homoeopathic practice by any
practitioners than myself. If any have used it, such has not come to
my knowledge. My first use of the plant was at the suggestion of an
eclectic practitioner, whom the friends of one of my patients suffering
from symptoms of incipient phthisis, had requested to consult with me
relative to the diagnosis of the case. The patient had some febrile
irritation, a quick weak pulse, occasional haemoptysis, dyspepsia,
weakness, and many other suspicious symptoms. We detected a de-
posit of tuberculous matter in the apex of the left lung. The action
of the heart was quite irritable, palpitation occurring from the least
exercise, The eclectic suggested the use of Lycopus, if other means
failed to retard the morbid activity of the circulation. No improve-
ment having followed the use of the ordinary homoeopathic remedies,
the Lycopus was resorted to. In the place of the usual tincture, I
ordered an infusion to be made of the fresh plant, (one ounce to one
quart of water,) a teaspoonful to be taken every three hours. Its
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS.
711
beneficial action soon appeared, and in a week such notable improve-
ment had taken place that the medicine was continued at longer in-
tervals, and in two weeks more the patient—a lady-went East ap-
parently cured. This favorable experiment led me to use it further
in similar cases, and my experience with it has been quite satisfactory.
In those cases of pulmonary disease, associated with looseness of the
bowels, its curative action is sometimes very marked, and in incurable
cases, it often acts as a useful palliative. I give the tincture-tinc-
ture-triturations-from the first to the third attenuation, and some-
times the infusion and syrup prepared to represent the lower dilutions.
This plant has not been thoroughly proven, and its pathogenetic range
of action is not settled. One proving has been made, however, which
is interesting and suggestive, as it proves that the curative effects ob-
served by eclectic and allopatic physicians were due to its power of
causing similar physiological disturbances.
Dr. J. E. Morrison reports the following singular case treated by
him with this medicine:
A woman, aged 33, a teacher, of nervous temperament, light
hair and eyes, inclined to hysteria, menses interrupted, since
the third month after their first appearance. The menses would
appear within three or four hours of the same time every month
with a deep-seated pain, with heat in the occiput; after a few hours
a pain would sieze her in the forehead and temples, with faintness and
nausea at the stomach, a sensation of great weaknes in the lumbar
region, general lassitude and debility, especially in the limbs, follow-
ed by torpor and heaviness in the limbs. When the nausea set in the
occipital pain was ameliorated. There was aversion to the smell
of food. With these symptoms would be an appearance of protrusion
of the eyes, with a wild and staring expression. The menses would
usually appear in the morning and flow until noon, then suddenly
cease, or they would last from half an hour to six hours, intermitting
in this manner for ten to twelve days. While she was usually of a
cheerful, sprightly, talkative disposition; during the menses she was
stupid, had a lack of expression and a vacuity of ideas.
There was also tympanitis, puffing of the parts on and around the
pubis and vulva, a dilated condition of the vagina, and a bearing-down
sensation in the rectum. On examination the vagina seemed very
hot, the os uteri engorged and swollen. From the use of ice locally.
these conditions and the puffiness would disappear. Constipation
existed, the bowels acting only once in six or seven days, the stools
dry and clog-like.
712
NEW REMEDIES.
Heart's action. When the eyes seemed protruded, the heart
would seem to act tumultuously and forcibly, it could be heard several
feet from the bed. (At these times the puffing of the pubis was worse.)
When the heart's action was feeble and quiet, with quiet pulse, the
puffing about the genitals was better. At times, the pulse would be
small, quiet, and could scarcely be counted. Urine scanty, thick and
muddy, oedema of the feet. This kind of menstrual trouble seemed
to be hereditary, as her mother had been similarly afflicted. With
the exception of some dyspeptic symptoms, no other organ seemed
diseased.
All, or nearly all the above symptoms would disappear after the
menstrual flow ceased, or at the expiration of ten or twelve days.
After trying many remedies for several months, without benefit,
the Lycopus virginicus was given with the effect of dissipating the
majority of the symptoms, and a steady improvement has since occur-
red until she is now quite well.”
REMARKS.- Dr. Morrison's case is quite suggestive, especially in
relation to the abnormal action of the heart, which seems to have been
the cause, and not the effect of all the patient's symptoms. It would
follow that Lycopus by its specific action on the heart cured indirectly
all the abnormal manifestations.
MITCHELLA REPENS.
(Partridge-berry.)
ANALOGUES.-Asclepias incarnata, Caulophyllum, Cimicifuga, (?)
Eupatorium purpureum, Helonias, Secale, Senecio, Uva ursi,
Pulsatilla.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. "This is an indigenous evergreen
herb, with a perennial root, from which arises a smooth and creeping
stem, furnished with roundish-ovate, or slightly heart-shaped, petio-
late, opposite, flat, coriaceous, dark green and shining leaves, usually
variegated with whitish lines. The flowers are white, often tinged
with red, very fragrant, in pairs, with their ovaries united.
"Calyx, four-parted. Corolla, funnel-form, two on each double
ovary; limb, four-parted, spreading, densely hairy within. Stamens,
four, short, inserted on the corolla. Style, slender, stigmas four.
Fruit, a dry, berry-like, double drupe, crowned with the calyx teeth
of the two flowers, each containing four small and seed-like bony
nutlets. Some plants bear flowers with exserted stamens, and
included styles; others conversely-those with included stamens
and exserted styles." This plant is indigenous to the United
States, growing in dry woods, among hemlock timber, and in swampy
places, flowering in June and July. The leaves bear some resem-
blance to clover, and remain green through the winter. The fruit, a
berry, is a bright scarlet, edible, but nearly tasteless, dry, and full of
stony seeds, and also remains through the winter. The plant is some-
times called Checker-berry, Winter clover, Deer-berry, Squaw vine,
One-berry. The whole plant is officinal, and imparts its virtues to
boiling water and alcohol. It has not been analyzed.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions; tincture-tritura-
tions. (Infusion.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-To the Indians our thanks are due for infor-
mation in regard to the curative sphere of this drug. It is said
that the squaws drink a decoction of the plant, for several weeks
previous to their confinement, for the purpose of rendering parturition
safe and easy.*
It has long been a domestic remedy for uterine diseases, and
menstrual irregularities.
"This remedy is peculiarly American, not being noticed or used
by foreign practitioners."*
Dr. King writes: "Partridge-berry is parturient, diuretic, and
astringent. Used in dropsy, suppression of urine, and diarrhoea. It
seems to have an especial affinity for the uterus, and is highly benefi-
cial in all uterine diseases. It appears to exert a powerful tonic and
alterative influence on the uterus. Dose, of the strong decoction, from
*King's Dispensatory.
714
NEW REMEDIES.
two to four fluid ounces, two or three times a day. The berries are a
popular remedy for diarrhoea and dysuria. It is highly recommend-
able as a cure for sore nipples, used as follows: Take two ounces of
the herb, fresh if possible, and make a strong decoction with a pint of
water, then strain and add as much good cream as there is liquid of
the decoction, boil the whole to the consistency of a soft salve, and
when cool, anoint the nipples with it, every time the child is removed
from the breast."*
Dr. P. H. Hale has the credit of first introducing this remedy to
the notice of our school † His experiment and clinical cases are
valuable and suggestive. To the "Northwestern Provers' Associa-
tion" our thanks are due for a careful proving of the drug.
DR, P. H. HALE'S EXPERIMENT ON A WOMAN.
A lady, aged —; in perfect health, with the exception of an adipose
tumor on the back, which gave her no trouble. Examination of the
uterus with the speculum proved that organ healthy; never had any
pain or suffering of an uterine origin.
Took Mitchella repens, in teaspoonful doses of the mother tinc-
ture, three times each day, for three weeks, until the uterus became
irritated and the seat of severe pain. Examination now revealed
an engorged condition of the cervix uteri; it appeared dark, red, and
swollen. The urethra and neck of the bladder were swollen and
irritated. The renal secretion was notably increased. (These were the
local symptoms and pathology presented in the case. The constitu-
tional symptoms were not recorded.)
PROVING BY T. CATION DUNCAN, M. D.
Recording Secretary of the North-western Provers' Association.
Æt. 25.-Nervo-bilious temperament, mild disposition, good con-
stitution; work mental; habits all regular; lives well, sleeps soundly,
meals regular, exercises but little; weight 125 pounds; weather
pleasant, no epidemic or endemic prevalent; health good, some slight
febrile symptoms in the evening, due to undue brain work.
Chicago, November 22, 1865, 12 м.-Took ten drops of the mother
tincture (which strength was used for subsequent doses) in one half
ounce of water-the same amount, in the same way, upon retiring at
night. I have taken twenty drops to-day.
November 23-Awoke from a most refreshing sleep, brain clear,
feel light and buoyant in spirits, much better than usual. 8:30 A. M.,
took ten drops in same manner; 11 A. M., fauces feel dry and
* King's Dispensatory.
† American Homœopathist, Vol. II.
MITCHELLA REPENS.
715
slightly irritated; 11:30 P. M., took ten drops; 5:30 P. M., took ten
drops; 10 P. M., took ten drops: forty drops to-day.
November 24.-Slept very poorly last night, had troublesome,
frightful dreams; brain feels dull and mind stupid; expulsion of
flatus; abdomen feels distended, as if with flatus, especially the
transverse colon. Took ten drops; the appetite is not so good; 9
A. M., bowels costive; much flatus in the intestines; 12:30 P. M., took
ten drops as before; fauces again dry. I took no more medicine that
day. In the afternoon I was obliged to inhale chloroform while as-
sisting Professor Beebe with a surgical operation, and in the evening
attended a sociable at Professor Small's residence. I walked home
two miles. Back feels very weak. Retired at 12 м.
November 25.-Sleep was very unrefreshing; brain still dull;
took ten drops; a good deal of irritation of the fauces; stool at 9.30
A. M.; expelled with difficulty; much flatus; eructations. All
muscles of extremities feel sore. 1 P. M., voided nine ounces of urine
since 9:30 a. M.; it seems to be much darker in color than usual.
6 P. M., voided twelve ounces more, or in all, twenty-one. 11 P. M.,
voided six ounces more, or in all, twenty-seven ounces; from 9:30 a.
M., I have voided twenty-seven ounces of urine, at these evacuations-
Took ten drops.
November 26.-Slept but poorly last night; feel tired and sore,
especially in the muscles; urging to urinate, voided fifteen ounces of
high-colored urine. Pulse 80. 7:30 A. M., evacuation from bowels,
stool quite soluble; fauces still dry and irritable; brain feels very
duli; took 20 drops. 11 A. M., anterior lobes of brain seem dull and
heavy; thirst; urging to stool, expulsion of flatus. 12 M., took twenty
drops; pulse 80; dull pain between shoulders; pricking sensation
in my tongue, back portion, in the centre. Voided in the last twenty-
four hours, forty-two ounces of urine. 3 P. M., evacuation of quite
thin stools, not strictly diarrhoeaic, but just such stools as generally
usher in an attack of diarrhoea; whole alimentary tract feels cold,
transverse colon tender upon pressure; thirst; great lassitude, general
malaise. Muscles of entire body seem sore, especially of inferior
extremities. Recent urine, specific gravity 1.040; after standing
in a cool place three hours, specific gravity 1.038; color, deep yellow;
a very strong acid reaction; sediment white, flocculent, and large in
amount; readily responds to the tests for uric acid, and chloride of
sodium; uneasiness in region of kidneys; slight transient aching
pains in the trapezius muscles. 5 P. M., took thirty drops. 7 P. M.
716
NEW REMEDIES.
pain still in trapezii; difficult deglutition, due to a constriction of the
pharynx; lassitude.
The specific gravity of the urine voided during the last twenty-
four hours, ending at 1 P. M., and taken from the top of the vessel'
was 1.024; this would give us 1010.142 grains of solid matter (the
whole amount of fluid being 42 ounces); but this is not the true
specific gravity, nor the true amount of solid matter, as there was
more than a half ounce of sediment at the bottom of the vessel, which
responded readily to tests for uric acid. I think that 1.038 is the
more acurate specific gravity; we would now have according to Gold-
ing Bird, 1678.642 grains of solid matter passed in the last 21
hours. 10 P. M., voided five ounces of urine, specific gravity 1.031;
took but little exercise to-day, and used my brain but little; took 40
drops.
November 27.-Awoke in a fright, felt as if I had been up all
night; headache, whole brain feels dull, especially the cerebel-
lum; dull aching pain in back, over region of kidneys. All muscles
of the body feel tired, especially the flexors and extensors of the infe-
rior extremities; deglutition difficult; tonsils enlarged, especially
the left one; it is not congested; do not feel them, except when swal-
lowing. Urine of last evening, which stood in the test tube, 1.040
specific gravity. Took 50 drops. Specific gravity of recent urine,
1.032. 11 A. M., brain very dull, cannot concentrate thought; eyes
feel dull and heavy; whole perceptive faculties very dull; whole
muscles of body sore; especially the bellies of the quadratus femoris,
adductoris, gastrocemii, and other muscles of the inferior extremities;
dull pain over the region of kidneys, and apparently in those organs;
nneasiness at neck of bladder, urging to urinate; deglutition difficult;
breathing difficult; breathing hurried; burning in stomach, which
extends along the oesophagus its whole length; dull pain in the
bowels, in tranverse and ascending colon; acid eructations; yawning
and stretching; burning in coronal region on inside of skull; pulse
72, at times labored, then quick and hurried; throbbing in occipital
region on inside of skull; whole head feels bad. 11:10 A. M., yawn-
ing and stretching; burning of the pinna of the left ear; great burn-
ing sensation at neck of bladder; dull aching pain in the trapezii. 1
P. M., discharged 19 ounces of urine in the last 24 hours; specific
gravity of recent urine, 1.024; mean specific gravity of urine for the
last 24 hours, 1.036; pain, drawing in the right testicle; uneasy
feeling at heart, as if its contractions were being interfered with;
nausea; dull pain in epigastrium. 6 P. M., urine, eight ounces. 11
MITCHELLA REPENS,
717
P. M., urine, four ounces more; specific gravity, 1.028; could not
keep mind on the subject in hand; drowsy; mind very dull; dull
pain still in lumbar region; general malaise; eyes feel weak.
Took a shock of electricity, which relieved, to a great extent, the gen-
eral malaise. Took 50 drops.
November 28.—Sleep was much more refreshing than the night
previous, think it due to the shock of electricity; brain feels lighter,
but still far from being clear; dull pain in lumbar region. Voided
six ounces of urine, specific gravity, 1.032; specific gravity of last
night's urine, after standing in the test tube, 1.038, some sediment.
7:30 a. m., took 100 drops. 8:30 A. M., bowels costive, fæces small
in amount, and expelled with difficulty; tenesmus; burning in mus-
cles of lumbar region for ten minutes; pain in back, running down
through the muscles of the limbs-these were aching pains; dull,
heavy, aching in cerebellum. 9:30 a. m., rush of blood to the face,
nose feels as if it would bleed; pulse 80; burning sensation in
stomach and oesophagus ; lassitude; dull, aching pain in gastrocnemii;
forgetfulness; feeling of fullness of frontal region; eyes feel dull
and weak; slight nausea; brain very dull; burning again in tongue ;
pain in back increased; depression of spirits; sighing; dull pain in
anterior surface of left fourth phalanges, I presume in the tendon of
the flexor profundus digitorum. 11 A. M., continued dullness of ante-
rior lobes of brain; great aching pain in the inferior extremities,
especially in tendons and ligaments about the knee-joints; sharp
shooting pain in an upper molar tooth, left side; some enlargement of
left sub-maxillary gland; griping pain in colon; burning in phalanges
of right hand; forgetfulness; heat in kidneys; throbbing pain on
right side of head, in region of sublimity; great pain still in knees;
eyes feel dull, heavy, and filled with tears. 1 P. M., voided, in last
24 hours, 23 ounces of urine, mean sp. gr. 1.030. Yesterday it was
cold and dry, to-day it has snowed. Great depression of spirits. 7
P. M., memory poor; still pain in the lumber region; nausea;
spot on right side of head, sublimity region, about the size of a silver
dollar, feels as if electricity was passing out through there; burning
sensation in right abductor minimi digiti muscle. 9. P. M., headache
continuous; burning sensation in the left gastocnemii; great pain in
knee joints, seems to be in the tendons and ligaments, it is with great
difficulty that I can ascend stairs; these pains are somewhat relieved
by motion; dull aching pain in right hip joint. Voided eight ounces
of urine, sp. gr., 1.034; very forgetful; chill over whole body, with
flashes of heat, very sensitive to cold air; eructations, with hiccough ;
718
NEW REMEDIES.
feel sore all over; dull and drowsy, can drop to sleep at any moment.
Totally unable to attend to my regular duties; must stop taking the
drug.
November 29.-Awoke with a very severe headache; feel rather
stiff and sore all over body, especially in all the joints of the inferior
extremities. Voided nine ounces of urine, specific gravity, 1.030;
acid reaction. Weather damp. Knee joints very stiff; dry, hacking
cough; pain still in the lumbar region; appetite not so good as
usual; eyes feel heavy and dull; feel an unsteadiness in walking, as
if I would fall over to the right side; it passes away after walking
some distance, feel much better when walking. 9:30 A. M., great dull.
ness of brain, with a feeling of fullness; burning pains over region of
heart, with a feeling as if its action was being interfered with; beats,
at times, slow and regular, then quick and hurried; bowels costive.
1 P. M., still great pain in knee joints; pain in back still; dull aching
pain in right shoulder; scalp feels hot. Voided in the last 24 hours,
29 ounces of urine, mean specific gravity, 1.032; specific gravity of
recent, 1.032. Spirits begin to revive, appetite returns, and brain
feels somewhat lighter, can think better. After walking about, pulse
80, when quiet 72; pains of joints and ligaments moved up into the
bellies of the muscles; dull, aching pain in right ear.
10 P. M.,
head feels as if being relieved of great pressure from without, most
of which has been upon the anterior lobes; severe frontal headache
for two hours, just behind the superciliary ridges; muscles of infe-
rior extremities and both shoulders very sore; griping pains in the
bowels have returned; scalp sore to the touch, especially over region
of benevolence. At 6 P. M., voided seven ounces of urine, specific
gravity, 1.030; now voided three ounces more, specific gravity of this
1.034; slight nausea; urging to stool; dull, aching pain still in the
lumbar region; much mucus in the bronchi. Had a stool at 9 a. M.,
which was quite soluble.
November 30.-Feel much better this morning than for several
days; slept well; brain feels quite clear; some slight difficulty in
deglutition again; rumbling in bowels, expulsion of flatus, feel as if
I was going to have diarrhoea; pain in muscles very much less; urine
seven ounces, specific gravity 1.022; pulse 76; light and buoyant in
spirits, although the weather is gloomy and rainy: muscles between
shoulders somewhat sore. 1 P. M., less lassitude; head clear; voided,
in last 24 hours, 24 ounces of urine, mean specific gravity, 1.028;
appetite still improving; bowels costive; griping pain in the small
intestines.
MITCHELLA REPENS.
719
December 1-Stool natural; some little pain still left in the
large muscles of inferior extremities and back, such as quadratus
femoris, gastrocenemii, solei, latissimus dorsi, trapezii, and in the
ligamentum patellæ and tendo achillis. Mean specific gravity of the
urine 1.024. Very cold day.
December 2.-Some slight pain still in those large muscles, feel
well otherwise. 4. P. M., great frontal headache, lasting 30 minutes
Bowels regular, fæces normal. Urine natural. Feel well; weather
milder.
GENERAL EFFECTS.
Nervous System-A good deal of irritation of the fauces; slept
very poorly; had troublesome frightful dreams; brain feels dull and
mind stupid; whole alimentary tract feels cold; transverse colon
tender upon pressure; burning pains over region of heart, with a
feeling as if its action was being interfered with; beats, at times, slow
and regular, then quick and hurried; the uterus became irritated,
and the seat of severe pain; pricking sensation in the tongue, back
portion, in the centre.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-A brief glance at the above symptoms
will satisfy any one that the nervous system is especially invaded.
The alimentary, heart, and uterine symptoms are quite suggestive
showing that the solar, cardiac and hypogastric plexuses are involved.
The brain seems to be kept active by the additional blood sent to
that organ during sleep.
It affects both the nerves of sensation and motion.
Muscular System.-The action of this drug upon this system is
very peculiar. In the male organism the first point of attack was the
involuntary muscular fibers of intestines, the next, the muscles of the
whole body, but more particulary the large muscles of the inferior
extremities, then the tendons of these muscles with those of the rest of
the body, and finally, the action of the heart was so interfered with
that the proving had to be discontinued.
In the female organism, as will be seen by Dr. Hale's experiments,
the uterus receives the brunt of the attack.
The waste of muscular fibre seems to have been very great, as is
noticed by the pains, burning, etc., in the muscles, and the amount of
urea in the urine.
This drug will be found curative in many cases of lack or loss of
tone of the muscular system, with its concomitant symptoms.
Vascular System.—Heart and arteries.-The arterial system is
not especially involved, only so far as the muscles which control it are
720
NEW REMEDIES.
affected, as will be seen by the heart symptoms. The pulse varied
from 72 to 80, at times labored, then quick; chill over the whole body
followed by flushes of heat, seemed to be the only febrile symptom
noticed; the thirst occasioned seemed to be caused by the waste of
muscular tissue.
Venous System.-There seems to be a good deal of venous con-
gestion, especially of the viscera and head, causing a fullness of those
organs and throbbing of the venous sinuses of the brain.
Mucous System.-The first effect was to cause a dryness of the
membrane, which was followed by a reaction.
General Symptoms.-Stupor.-All pains are dull in character
and persistent; general malaise, slightly trembling of whole body;
feel sore all over.
Characteristic Peculiarities.-All symptoms worse in the even-
ing; motion affords relief, the same with electricity; seems to affect
the muscles and tendons of the inferior extremities most.
LOCAL EFFECTS.
Skin.-Scalp feels hot, sensitive to cold air; scalp sore to touch,
especially over region of benevolence.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION
congestion of the brain, etc.
These symptoms are due to the venous
Sleep. Slept soundly; troubled with dreams; sleep unrefresh-
ing; great lassitude; awoke in a fright, feel as if I had been up all
night; yawning; can drop to sleep at any moment; yawning and
stretching; drowsy.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-These symptoms were due first to enough
blood sent to the brain to repair its waste, this was followed by an
excess, which caused the dreams, etc.
Moral Symptoms.-Light and buoyant in spirits; depression of
spirits; sighing; forgetfulness, very forgetful; dread of approach-
ing death; light in spirits.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION. -The whole system had received a stimu-
lus, which occasioned the exuberant feeling; this was followed by a
stagnation of the venous system from its overload of effete matter;
muscular and nervous debris, which accounts for the despondency.
Brain. Brain clear; feel dull and stupid; brain somewhat dull;
headache; whole brain feels dull, especially the cerebellum; brain
very dull; cannot keep the attention fixed; whole perceptive faculties
very dull; burning in coronal region on inside of skull; throbbing in
MITCHELLA REPENS.
721
occiput on inside of skull, in region of the torcular Herophili; whole
head feels bad; dull heavy aching in cerebellum; fullness of frontal
region; continued dullness of anterior lobes of brain; throbbing pain
on right side of head, in region of sublimity; spot on right side of head,
sublimity region, about the size of a silver dollar, feels as if electricity
was passing out through there; headache severe; great dullness of
brain, with a feeling of fullness; head feels as if being relieved of
great pressure from without, most of which has been upon the anterior
lobes; severe frontal headache for two hours, just behind the super-
ciliary ridges; brain feels quite clear; head clear; great frontal
headache, lasting thirty minutes.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The prover being a hard student,
would necessitate the presence of more blood in the brain than nor-
mal, but here is evidently a congestion of venous blood, loaded with
effete matter. At times the feeling was that bordering on coma. I
think it would be secondarily homoeopathic to uræmia, arising from
venous congestion of the whole brain, substance and coverings.
Eyes.—Eyes feel dull and heavy; eyes feel weak; eyes feel dull,
heavy and watery.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-This condition of the eyes is a neces-
sary sequence of such a condition of the brain.
ear.
Ears.—Dull, aching pain in right ear; burning of pinna of left
Nose.-Nose feels as if it would bleed.
Face.-Rush of blood to face.
Teeth.-Dull pain in upper molar teeth, left side.
Mouth.-Pricking sensation in tongue, back part, in the centre ;
burning sensation in tongue.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-The nerve here affected is the glosso-
pharyngeal, these symptoms are caused, no doubt, by compression from
the distended jugular vein on its exit at the jugular foramen.
Throat. -Fauces feel dry and irritated; a good deal of irritation
of fauces; irritation of fauces disappeared; difficulty of deglutition,
due to constriction; tonsils enlarged, especially of left side; difficulty
of deglutition gone, but returned as the effects of the drug wore off;
the left sub maxillary gland feels enlarged.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-The compression of the glosso-pharyn-
geal nerve would account for some of these symptoms, and the in-
creased action of the lymphatic glands, etc., would account for the
remainder; I do not thing it homœopathic to tonsillitis or inflammation
of any of these glands.
46
722
NEW REMEDIES.
Appetite.-Appetite is not quite so good; thirst increased; ap-
petite poor; appetite begins to return.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The loss of appetite seemed to be due
to torpor of circulation in the abdominal viscera.
Stomach.-Eructation; burning at stomach, and along up the
œsophagus; acid eructations; nausea; dull aching pain in the epi-
gastrium; eructation, with hiccough; slight nausea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. King calls it an astringent. Some
of these symptoms, with those of the throat, would point that way, but
I think the majority of them are due to the action of the drug upon
the muscular coats of this organ.
Abdomen. Expulsion of flatus; bowels feel as if distended with
flatus, especially the transverse colon; much flatus in intestines ;
whole alimentary tract feels cold; transverse colon tender upon pres-
sure; dull pain in bowels, especially in transverse and ascending
colon; colic-like pain in colon; colic-like pain in both lesser and greater
intestines; rumbling in bowels; expulsion of flatus, with a feeling as
if would have diarrhoea; slight colic-like pains in small intestines.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-This plant has been held in high repute
by the populace as a remedy for diarrhoea; it seems to increase the
muscular motion of the intestines, giving rise to these characteristic
pains, it would be, therefore, primarily homoeopathic to diarrhoea, or
secondarily to constipation, due to increased or diminished muscular
action.
Stools.-Bowels costive; bowels very costive; stools quite solu-
ble; urging to stool; diarrhoeic stools; whole alimentary tract feels
cold while at stool; fæces small in amount and expelled with diffi-
culty; tenesmus; bowels less costive.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS -There is nothing very characteristic
about the stool, except to point more strongly to the fact that it only
acts upon the muscular walls of the intestines.
Urine.-Urging to urinate; urine of a high color, sediment white,
flocculent; uneasy feeling in region of kidneys; uric acid; responds
readily to the tests for uric acid and chloride of sodium; dull pain
over region of kidneys, apparently in those organs; a feeling of un-
easiness at the neck of bladder; swollen and irritated condition of
urethra and neck of bladder; the renal secretion notably increased.
It will be seen by a glance at the following carefully prepared
table that both the quantity and solid matters are increased.
MITCHELLA REPENS.
723


TIME.
drug taken.
Mild.
1st day,
20 drops.
29.60
48
Mild.
Amount of
WEATHER,
Barometer
at noon.
Thermom.
at noon.
I began to note the urine at 1 P. M.,
on the fourth day.
The 42 ozs. is the result of the first
24 hours' observation.
2d day,
40 drops.
29.70
46
Mild.
3d day,
20 drops.
29.52
54
URINE.

Mild.
Amt. in Mean specific | Solid matter
4th day,
20 drops.
29.76
46
ounces.
gravity.
in grains.
Mild.
5th day,
110 drops.
29.75
44
42
1.038
1,688.652
Growing cold.
6th day,
100 drops.
29.94
43
19
1.036
722.266
Snowed.
7th day,
100 drops.
29.72
34
23
1.030
734,408
Gloomy & rainy.
8th day,
None.
29.50
37
29
1.032
976.227
Gloomy & rainy.
9th day,
None.
29.08
36
24
1.028
704.112
Very cold.
10th day,
None.
29.42
36
30
1.024
721.530
Mild.
11th day,
None.
29.06
41
35
1.022
802,130
NORMAL URINE,
30 to 40
1.017
500 to 700
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-This condition of the urine must exist
in connection with the other symptoms for the drug to be curative.
Our schools are too negligent with reference to the condition of the
urine.
Sexual Organs. - Male.-Pain in right testicle.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION.-This drug does not seem to have an
affinity for the male sexual organs.
Female.-Uterus irritated and the seat of severe pain; cervix
uteri engorged, dark, red and swollen.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. - Dr. P. H. Hale* says "A short time
ago a patient applied to me, with the above conditions (uterine symp-
toms,) and other mitchella symptoms, such as a relaxed state of the
muscular system, etc.; in this instance this remedy acted promptly in
relieving the condition of the uterus, and brought on the menses in
three weeks, whereas they had been too late, six or eight weeks.
The uterus seems to be the organ on which this drug acts with
great energy. From time immemorial it has been used as a parturient
by the squaws. It has long been a popular agent to produce abor-
tion. Dr. King† remarks: It appears to exert a powerful tonic and
alterative influence on the uterus. This I think is its primary effect,
carried a step further and we have a venous engorgement of the whole
generative apparatus. It takes very large doses to produce this latter
effect. We, therefore, find it homoeopathic to certain forms of amen-
orrhæa.
* American Homoeopathist, vol. II, page 25.
+ King's Dispensatory.
724
NEW REMEDIES.
Dr. P. H. Hale remarks :* "the mitchella was also given to a
young lady with amenorrhoea. The patient is improving, and "feels
like" menstruating. (We have since learned that her menses
appeared at the proper time and are now regular.)
It promises to be effective where we have engorgement of the
uterus from lack of tone in the muscular walls of that organ.
King remarks: "It seems to have an especial affinity for the
uterus, and is highly beneficial in all uterine diseases.'
""
It is also a popular remedy for sore nipples, made into an ointment
and applied, every time the child is removed from the mammæ.
Pathology. This drug causes an engorged condition of the lips of
cervix uteri. They appear dark, red and swollen.
Lungs.-Breathing hurried; dry, hacking cough; much mucus in
bronchii.
Heart.-Uneasy feeling at heart as if its contractions were being
interfered with; burning pains over region of heart; it beats at times.
slow and regular, then quick and hurried.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The cardiac plexus seems to be affect-
ed; it would, therefore, be homoeopathic to some forms of cardialgia,
due to atony of the muscular walls.
Trunk.—Back feels very weak; dull pain between shoulders;
slight transient pain in trapezii; pain in back, in region of kidneys;
whole muscles of body sore, especially belly of quadratus femoris;
great pain in small of back; dull aching pains running down in small
of back; pain in right shoulder; muscles of both shoulders very sore;
burning in small of back, present ten minutes.
Upper Extremities.-Dull pain in anterior surface of the left
fourth phalanx in the tendon of the flexor profundus digitorum; burn-
ing in the right phalanges, anterior surface; burning in the right
abductor minimi digiti; pain in palm of right hand.
Lower Extremities.-Muscles of lower limbs feel very sore;
muscles of entire body very sore, especially of inferior extremities;
pain in gastrocnemii; great pain in lower extremities, especially of
knee joints and their ligaments; burning in left gastrocnemius; great
pain in knee joints, relieved by motion; pain in hip-joint; knee joints
very stiff; pains in limbs have moved back from joints into the bellies of
the muscles; great pain in quadratus femoris, gastrocnemii, soleii, latis-
simus dorsii, trapezii, and some of the small muscles between the
shoulders; also in the ligamentum patella and tendo-achilles ; feel an
unsteadiness in walking, as if I would fall over to right side; it passes
away after walking some distance.
* American Homœopathist, vol. II, page 25.
↑ King's Dispensatory.
:

MYRICA CERIFERA.
(Bayberry.)
MYRICA CERIFERA.
725
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. These muscular symptoms are charac
teristics; this drug will be found homoeopathic to this condition of
the muscular tissues; first we have increased, next diminished mus-
cular action, or rather an exhausted condition; and even if the tendons
are affected, it would be curative for some forms of rheumatism of the
tendons.
C
MYRICA CERIFERA.
(Bayberry.)
ANALOGUES. Asarum canadense, Cornus circinata, Eryngium,
Eupatorium aromaticum, Hydrastis canadensis. (??)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant, known also by the name of
wax myrtle, wax berry,etc., is a branching half-evergreen shrub, from
one to twelve feet in height, and covered with a grayish bark. The
leaves are glabrous cuneate-lanceolate, rather acute or obtuse, distinctly
petiolate, margin entire, but more frequently remotely dentate, par-
ticularly toward the end, paler and with distinct veinlets beneath,
generally twisted or revolute in their mode of growth, shining and
resinous, dotted on both sides, and from an inch and a half to
two inches and a half in length, by half an inch to three quarters in
width. The flowers appear in May, before the leaves are fully expand-
ed. The males grow in aments, which are sessile, erect, from six to
nine lines in length; originating from the sides of the last year's
twigs. Every flower is formed by a concave rhomboidal scale, con-
taining three or four pairs of roundish anthers on a branched footstalk.
The females, which are on a different shrub, are less than half the
size of the males, and consist of narrower scales, with each an ovate
ovary, and two filiform styles. To these aments succeed clusters or
aggregations of small globular fruits, resembling berries, which are
at first green, but finally become nearly white. They consist of a
hard stone enclosing a dicotyledonous kernel. The stone is studded
on its outside with small black grains, resembling fine gunpowder,
over which is a crust of dry, greenish-white wax, fitted to the grains,
and giving the surface of the fruit a granulated appearance. The
fruit is persistent for two or three years. This plant is found in dry
woods or in open fields, from Canada to Florida. The bark of the
root is the officinal part; boiling water extracts its astringent, and
alcohol its stimulating principles.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the bark; dilutions;
triturations.
726
NEW REMEDIES!
any
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The Myrica was first brought into use and
notice, as a medicine, by Samuel Thomson. This man, although
uneducated, had in him the elements of a great reform, and had he
had the literary advantage of some of his allopathic persecutors,
would have done more for the advance of medical science, than most
other man of his day. He was born in Alstead, Cheshire county,
New Hampshire, February 9. 1769. Dr. Hollembaek declares that
he was "one of the greatest and best of medical benefactors, whose
crude system of practice broke the mysterious chains which had
bound the people of America and Europe for about two centuries."
Certain it is that Thomson was the first to pblicly attack allopathy
in America, and his attack may be said to be the first that shattered
the foundations of that school, and made way for such scientific
reforms as homœopathy. In every State of the Union, the "botanic"
practice of medicine preceded the homoeopathic, and broke down
those legal barriers that allopathy had placed around her. That
crude practice, is now nearly extinct, or has been merged into "eclec-
ticism."
Dr. Thomson observed that "it has the power of disengaging the
thick viscid secretions of the mucous membrane of the stomach."
He named it" canker powder," and used it very extensively. It
was the principal ingredient in the over-famous "composition pow-
der," with which many people tortured themselves, in preference to
the calomel and bleeding of the allopaths. Thomson advises it in
all discharges from mucous surfaces, especially in leucorrhoea, dysen-
tery, and nasal catarrh.
From Rafinesque I find that the Bayberry was used at an early
day for “uterine hemorrhages, hysterical complaints, palsies, colics
and scrofula." He says the leaves are "pectoral, emetic, astringent,
nervine, sub-narcotic, cephalic, vermifuge, emmenagogue, stomachic,
etc."
"The bark chewed, is a good sialagogue; made into a snuff it
is a powful errhine." (It forms the basis, now a days, of all the
"catarrh snuffs" sold in the country.) "The taste of the bark is
acrid and stimulating; in large doses of a dram it produces a burning
sensation and vomiting, sometimes diuresis.
Dr. Fahnestock announced in 1822 that it was a specific for typhoid
dysentery. This valuable property has been confirmed. I have
verified it on myself in diarrhoea, on others in cholera morbus.”
The wax procured from the berries is removed from them by
boiling in water, upon the top of which it floats. It is a concrete oil,
or fatty substance, of a pale green color, about the consistency of
beeswax, but more brittle and not so unctuous to the touch, of a
faintly balsamic and pleasant odor. It can be made into candles, and
burns at a temperature of 109 F., emitting a pleasant odor. It has
also been used as a simple salve for cuts and ulcers; also as a vehicle
for other medicines. One bushel of the berries will yield about four
pounds of wax. When the properties of the medicine are fully under-
stood, the wax may come into use as an external application, when it
is indicated.
MYRICA CERIFERA.
727
King recommends the Myrica in decoction, as a gargle in sore
mouth and throat; as an injection in leucorrhoea and fistula, also as a
wash in ulcers, tinea capitis, and for tender, spongy and bleeding
gums. According to the same writer, the Myrica is stimulant, and
astringent, useful in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, in dysentery
with typhoid symptoms, and in colliqative diarrhoea of phthisis; in
scarlatina it may be given with advantage while a decoction of the
bark is used as a gargle; it will be found a useful remedy for
apthous affections. It is likewise beneficial in jaundice, and in com-
bination with Leptandrin, Apocynin, I have successfully treated
several cases of this affection.
[The proving of Dr. Walker elicited the fact that the Myrica
causes a severe form of jaundice. It is by this homoeopathic power
that it cured Dr. King's cases.]
Dr. Coe says, "while it possesses specific and decided therapeu-
tic properties, it is entirely innoxious in itself." This assertion is
preposterous! A medicine cannot have therapeutic action, and at
the same time no pathogenetic effects. The Myrica cannot be taken
as a food, and if not, it is a poison, or an agent capable of deranging
the normal action of the organism. The same writer says also,
"with the exception of a mild diuretic action, it is never visibly
evacuant, except in very large doses, when it sometimes proves
emetic." If Dr. Coe would make the experiment, as did Dr.
Walker, he would change his opinion relative to its "innoxiousness.'
Among the diseases for which Coe recommends the Myrica, are:
Apthous affections of the mucous surfaces; scrofula, diarrhoea and
dysentery, (but not until the morbid accumulations have been ex-
pelled and the functions of the liver regulated,) jaundice, leucor-
rhoea, suppression of urine; also ulcers, chancres, fistulous passages,
in all of which latter he advises the local application.
"But perhaps the most remarkable feature of the Myrica is its
power, in connection with Lobelia, of allaying false labor pains. The
peculiar therapeutic property here manifested is the result of the
combination. Neither will answer the purpose alone. As soon as the
pains are ascertained to be spasmodic, place the patient in bed, and
administer the following:
Myrica, 15 grains; Wine tincture Lobelia, one-half ounce; boil-
ing water, one ounce.
Add the Myrica to boiling water, and after a few minutes the
tincture of Lobelia. Exhibit at one dose, and repeat in two hours if
necessary. This will seldom or never disappoint the practitioner,
and rarely is a second dose necessary. It allays the pains, quiets the
nervous system, and postpones parturition to the proper period. De-
livery will frequently be delayed from one to four weeks, and the
matured energies of the system will then insure a safe and easy
accouchment."
I quote the above entire, in order that the homoeopath may see
what delectable mixtures an opposing school prescribe! How many
women in the eighth month of pregnacy, threatened with premature
728
NEW REMEDIES.
labor, could bear such a dose? If Dr. Coc practiced entirely among
the lowest order of people, he may not have seen dangerous aggrava-
tions. Yet how can we account for the fact that Dr. Wilkinson, of
England, who is said to be a homoeopathist, quotes this proposition,
with his sanction.(!) Any physician who has ever seen a patient
under the action of half an ounce of tincure Lobelia, need not be
told of the distressing nausea, vomiting and prostration caused by that
drug. Imagine it, then, given to a delicate woman threatened with
premature labor.
Away with such vile poly-pharmacy, and crude drugging. The
second or third alternation of Caulophyllin, Cimicifuga, Secale, or
Aletrin, is all sufficient in such cases.
PROVING BY LELAND WALKER, M. D.
I am in good health and have been for a long time: bowels regu-
lar, once a day; urine a light amber color and normal in quantity;
temperament, nervo-bilious, with a little of the sanguine; of mild
disposition; occupation, student of medicine; of strictly temperate
habits; usual hours of sleep from 11 P. M. to 6 A. M.; take my meals
regular, three times a day; exercise freely by walking in the
open air.
Nov. 25th, 1865.-Weather warm and dry. 9:30 a. m., took 10
drops of the 1st decimal dilution. 12:30 P. M., repeated. 6 P. M.,
repeated. 9 P. M., repeated. 11 P. M., no symptoms, repcated the
10 drops and retired for the night.
Nov. 26th.-Slept well all night, pulse 54. 8 a. M., took 20
drops. 9. A. M., had a natural stool. 12:30 P. M., pulse 75, (before
eating,) repeated. 5:50 г. M., no symptoms, only feeling a little tired,
repeated. 11 P. M.. feeling well. pulse 71, full and soft, repeated.
Nov. 27th, 7 a. м, took 30 drops. 10:30 A. M., repeated. 2 P. M.,
no symptoms, repeated. 4:40 P. M., repeated. 9:40 P.
9:40 P. M., took
60 drops.
Nov. 28th.-Awoke with dull heavy pain in the frontis and
through the temples; pulse 51, feeble and irregular; had amorous.
dreams and emission of semen, an unusual occurence, not having been
subject to a like circumstance before within my recollection; pain in
head, worse when stooping or moving about. 9:30 A. M., took 20
drops of the mother tincture. 12:50 P. M., pulse 65, (before
eating,) repeated. 4:50 P. M., took 30 drops. 11 P. M., pulse 59,
repeated.
Nov. 29.-Slept well through the night; pulse 60; 7:30 A. M.,
took 50 drops. 9 A. M., had a natural stool. 12:50 P. M., felt dull
* A Member of the North-Western Provers' Association. An Inaugural Essay presented by
by him to the Faculty of Hahnemann Medica: College, Class of 1865-66.
MYRICA CERIFERA.
792
and drowsy for the last two hours; dull heavy pain through the front
portion of the head, worst in the left temporal region; increased appe-
tite; unpleasant fullness in the stomach and upper part of the abdo-
men; feel better in the open air. 2 P. M., pulse 65, (one hour after
eating.) 6 P. M., constant hunger, yet a sensation of fullness, as if I
had just eaten a hearty meal, although nothing has been taken into
the stomach since 1 o'clock P. M.; pulse 70, full and strong. 11 P. M.,
pulse 72, full and strong; have had dull pain in the forehead and eyes
all the evening, and felt drowsy and stupid, except when walking in
the open air; took 60 drops and retired.
Nov. 30th.-Slept sound, more so than usual, and until after 7
A. M., awoke with dull, heavy pain in the forehead and through the
temples; the same sensation of hunger and fullness of the stomach
and abdomen, with rumbling of bowels; pulse 56 and feeble. 8 A.
M., took 60 drops. 9 A. M., natural stool; pulse 71; 3:30 P. M., dull,
aching pain all through the head and in the neck; aching pain in the
upper and lower extremities; have several times during the last two
days felt a sharp piercing pain at the inner side of the left knee joint,
but passing off so quickly, I have not thought it worthy of much
notice; weather is cold and damp. 9:40 P. M., pulse 70; craving
hunger; fullness of the stomach and abdomen; head symptoms less
severe than in the fore part of the day; took 100 drops.
Dec. 1st.-7 A. M., dull heavy pains all through the head, most
severe in the frontis and through the temples; pain and stiffness in
the neck, especially in the nape; dull pain in all the extremities;
had a restless night, considerable dreaming but cannot recollect any-
thing particularly about the subjects dreamed of; pulse 52; took 140
drops. 9 A. M., stool natural. 11 A. M., pain all through the head
quite severe in the temples, with throbbing in the superficial veins,
attended with a semi-stupor; pulse 75; weather cool. 1. P. M., the
the symptoms, somewhat mitigated; dull, dragging pain in the small
of the back, quite severe at times; increase of urine during the last
three days, constant, craving appetite, with sensation of fullness in
the stomach and abdomen; pulse 66, (before eating). 10:30 P. M.,
the same symptoms continue as noted during the day; pulse 62.
Took no more of the drug,
Dec. 2d.—7:30 A, M., slept very well all night; awoke with dull
pain in the frontis and temples, pain in the small of the back, about
the same as yesterday, only more persistent; pulse 72; 9 A. M.,
stool natural. 12:50 P. M., dull pain in the frontis and through the
temples, and in the muscles of the neck; a kind of drowsy stupor ;
730
NEW REMEDIES.
constant, dull, dragging pain in the small of the back; not very
severe; pulse 62, (before eating); 11:30 P. M., same symptoms con-
tinued during the day, though less severe; pulse 70.
Dec. 3.—Awoke with dull, heavy pain in frontis and through the
temples, throbbing in the superficial veins of the head; pain in the
back, less severe; pulse 78. 9:30 A. M., stool nearly natural. 6 P.M.,
have had drowsiness attended with vertigo, most of the time through
the day; craving hunger, with sense of fullness in the stomach and
bowels; pulse 76 (before eating). 11 P. ., pain in the back; contin-
uous head symptoms less severe; pain under the left scapula; pulse
65; passed 31 ounces high colored urine, during the last 24 hours,
specific gravity 1.020.
Dec, 4th.-Slept soundly through the night; awoke about day-
light, with severe pain in the frontis and temples; eyes feel swollen
and with a yellowish tint; dull pain in the small of the back; feel
better after a light breakfast; the same fullness of stomach and bow-
els, and craving hunger as before mentioned; pulse 71 (before eat-
ing;). 9. A. M., stool nearly of natural consistency, but lighter col-
ored than usual; 12:40 P. M., have been dull and drowsy, attended
with vertigo, much of the time, during lectures, all the forenoon; but
not much pain in the head; dull pain in the small of the back; a
sharp pain once (lasting but a few minutes) in the chest, in the region
of the heart; pulse 56 (before eating). 11 P. M., head and back symp-
toms slightly mitigated; pulse 61; passed 43 ounces urine during
the last 24 hours, color nearly normal; have no means of testing the
specific gravity.
M
Dec. 5th.-Slept very well through the night; awoke with severe
headache; better after rising and washing with cold water; fullness
of the stomach and bowels; craving hunger; pulse 54, (before eat-
ing). 8:30 A. m, stool natural, only too light colored; pulse 71,
(after eating). 12:50 P. M., head and back symptoms very much mit-
igated coldness of the lower extremities, with pain from the knees.
down; pulse 61, (before eating). 6:20 P. M., continue to feel hungry,
yet a sensation of repletion; pulse 68, (before eating). 11 p. M.,
pulse 60; passed 36 ounces urine to-day, color nearly normal; spe-
cific gravity 1.013; a light colored sediment after standing, (the
first that has been observed).
Dec. 6th.-Slept quietly all night; awoke feeling quite well;
pulse 59, (before eating); appetite nearly normal. 9 A. M., stool
lighter color. 4:30 P. M., have been drowsy while sitting in the lec-
ture room this afternoon; feel better in the open air; pulse 82. 11
MYRICA CERIFERA.
731
P. M., pulse 66; feeling better; passed 37 ounces urine during the
last 24 hours; specific gravity 1.028; considerable light colored sedi-
ment after standing.
Dec. 7th.-Feeling well; pulse normal. 9 A. M., stool natural.
10 P. M., passed 23 ounces urine during the last 24 hours; specific
gravity 1031; considerable light, brownish colored sediment, after
standing.
Dec. 8th.-Pulse 76, (half an hour after eating). 8:30 A. M., stool
natural. 12:50 P. M., appetite natural; feeling well. 10:50 P. M.,
pulse normal; passed 47 ounces urine during the last 24 hours; spe
cific gravity 1.024; no sediment discovered.
Dec. 9th.-9:30 A. M., stool natural; weather cold and snowing.
11:40 P. M., pulse 68; feeling well; passed 24 ounces of urine to day;
specific gravity 1.035.
Dec. 10th.-11 P. M., feeling well; pulse normal; passed 22
ounces of urine during the last 24 hours; specific gravity 1.029.
Dec. 11th.-Weather cold. 8:30 A. M., natural stool; feeling
about the same as yesterday. 10:40 P. м., passed 40 ounces of urine
during the last 24 hours; specific gravity 1.022.
Dec. 12th.-Bowels regular; pulse normal; passed 33 ounces of
urine to-day; specific gravity 1.025.
Dec. 13th.-Weather very cold; feel well; pulse normal; appe-
tite good. 10:40 P. м., passed 33 ounces of urine during the last 24
hours; specific gravity 1.021.
PROVING WITH THE BARK.
Dec. 14th, 1865.-Commenced the proving with the crude pulver-
ized bark. 7:30 A. M., took five grains; weather very cold. 11 p.
M., no symptoms; passed 27 ounces of amber colored urine during the
last 25 hours; specific gravity 1.028.
Dec. 15th.-7:30 A. M., no symptoms worthy of notice; took 10
grains (before eating). 9 A. M., stool natural, 10:40 P. M., no head
symptoms worthy of record; dull aching pain in the small of the
back; passed 28 ounces of urine during the last 24 hours; specific
gravity 1.028.
Dec. 16th.-Awoke with dull pain in the frontis and temples;
dragging, aching pain in the small of the back; slight soreness in the
throat. 9 A. M., regular motion of the bowels. 12:40 P. M., throat
sore dull pain in the back continues; head feels better. 11 P. M.,
pulse 76 and full; head clear; back and throat continue about the
same as through the day; passed 24 ounces of urine during the last
24 hours; specific gravity 1.030; color a little darker than usual.
732
NEW REMEDIES.
Dec. 17th.-Awoke with dull pains in the head and back; pulse
63, small and feeble; feel hungry; fullness in the stomach and abdo-
men. 8 A. M., took 20 grains. 10 A. M., natural movement of the
bowels. 2 P. M., pulse normal; head and back about the same as in
the morning; throat feels sore. Put some of the pulverized bark,
moistened with water, on the posterior part of the fore arm. 10:30
P. M., throat sore, sensation of a foreign substance requiring it to be
frequently cleared; deglutition rather painful; pain in the head and
temples rather less continued; dragging pain in the small of the
back; passed 27 onnces dark colored urine during the last 24 hours;
specific gravity 1.024.
5 P. M. pulse 76,
Dec. 18th.-Awoke with dull pain in the frontis and temples and
in the small of the back; constricted feeling in the throat; throat
feels swollen inside. 8:30 A. M., stool rather light colored, but of
natural consistency; pulse 0, (one hour after eating). 1:20 P. M.,
head feels better; throat and back the same.
(before eating); craving hunger; fullness in the stomach and abdo-
men as after a hearty meal. 11 P. M., pulse 71; feeling better,
except the craving hunger and fullness in the region of the stomach
and abdomen, that being continued; passed 30 ounces of urine to-day;
specific gravity 1,023, rather darker than usual.
Dec. 19th.-Awoke with the same head, back and throat symp-
toms as yesterday morning. 7:30 A. M., took 40 grains; nausea and
gagging without being able to vomit, soon after taking the drug. 9 A.
м., light colored stool of nearly natural consistence. 2:30 P. M., pulse
71, (after eating); head feels better; throat rough and constricted;
dull pain in the back; fullness in the stomach and abdomen; constant
craving hunger. 10:30 P. M., pulse 72; slight pain in the head;
roughness of the throat requiring it to be constantly cleared; fullness
in the region of the stomach and abdomen; dull pain in the back;
passed 31 ounces of dark colored urine during the last 24 hours; a
pinkish brown sediment at the bottom of the vessel after stand-
ing; specific gravity 1.024.
Dec. 20th.-Awoke with slight headache; constriction of the
throat, dull dragging pains in the back; pulse 60; fullness in the
stomach and abdomen; appetite poor. 6 A. M., loose, light colored
stool. Took 80 grains. 11:30 г. м., pulse 70, (before eating); con-
stant need to swallow, from sense of constriction in the throat; dull
pain in the frontis and temples; deficient concentration of the mind
on any subject; dragging pain in the small of the back; fullness and
pressure in the stomach. 10:30 P. м., pulse 76; all the symptoms
MYRICA CERIFERA.
733
+
continue about the same; stringy mucus in the throat, detached with
difficulty; frequent eructation of flatus from the stomach; drowsy
stupor, very difficult to keep the mind concentrated on any one thing
long at a time; eyes feel heavy and dull; the topical application on
the arm made no sensible impression on the skin; passed 21 ounces
of high colored urine within the last 24 hours; specific gravity
1.030.
Dec. 21st.-Awoke feeling tired, as if I had been laboring hard;
scalp feels sore to the touch; dull, drowsy sensation of the head,
hardly to be called a pain; dragging pain in the small of the back;
eyes feel heavy and weak. 9 A. M.-pulse 66, (after eating); took
160 grains.
12:50 P. m., pulse 67, (before eating); drowsy stupor
all the forenoon; could not keep the mind on the subject of the lec-
tures; dull, aching pain in the front part of the head and through the
temples; stomach and upper part of the abdomen distended; fre-
quent eructations of flatus; same dull, aching pain in the back; eyes
feel dull and heavy. 10:30 P. M.-pulse 72; throat sore and rough,
with frequent and difficult deglutition; occasional pain in the bowels
during the afternoon and evening; dragging pain in the back; head
symptoms less severe than during the day; no stool to day; passed
20 oz. of high colored urine, to-day; specific gravity 1.032; took no
more of the drug.
Dec. 22d.-Had a restless night until 2 o'clock-then slept until
7 A. M.; awoke with dull pain in the head and eyes, eyes congested
and yellow; dull, heavy pain in the small of the back; roughness of
the throat, and the nasal organs affected very much like catarrh; no
appetite, tongue furred, bad taste in the mouth and nausea.
9 A. M.
-soft, mushy stool. 11 P. M.-pulse 70, same general symptoms as
in the morning; urine very high colored and frothy, containing con.
siderable pinkish-brown sediment; passed 19 ounces during the last
24 hours; specific gravity 1.031.
Dec. 23d.-Had a restless night; all the symptoms of the head,
throat and back continued and increased; passed this morning.
three and one-half ounces of very high colored urine; it looks like
strong beer, with a large amount of froth of a yellowish tint; specific
gravity 1,032; left the city this morning; miserable dejected feeling
all day; no desire for food.
Dec. 28th.-Returned to the city last evening, feeling miserable
and dejected; no appetite; took no breakfast this morning; during
734
NEW REMEDIES.
the last four days have not been able to test the urine, either in quan
tity or specific gravity. It has been very scanty, high colored and
frothy. No appetite; dullness and heaviness of the head and eyes;
pain in the back; dull pain in the hepatic region; feel sick and de-
bilitated all over; conjunctiva congested and yellow; face and neck
yellow; frequent eructations of flatus, relieving the pressure in the
stomach for a short time only.
Dec. 29th.-Awoke from an unfreshing sleep, with an exacerba-
tion of all the symptoms; bad taste in the mouth; tongue thickly
coated, a dirty white or yellowish color; throat and nasal organs filled
with an offensive, tenacious mucus, detached with difficulty; the
whole surface of the body presents a yellowish tint; no desire for
food, but rather a loathing; strong desire for acids; ate a very little
breakfast, per force; bowels torpid; soft, mushy stool, of a light, clay
color. 10 P.M.-all the symptoms continue in an aggravated form;
feel chilly when out in the air; aching in the limbs and all over the
body, like that preceding ague; passed 19 ounces of beer- colored,
frothy urine, during the last 24 hours; specific gravity 1.026.
+
Dec. 30th.-Had a restless night, slept but little; constant, mise-
rable, sick feeling all over; all the symptoms continue in an aggra-
vated manner; complete jaundice aspect. Passed 15 ounces of very
high colored urine; specific gravity 1.031; stool straw colored, soft
and mushy.
Dec. 31st. The same general indications continue, with increased
debility, can hardly keep around. Passed 18 ounces of urine of the
same general appearance as before; specific gravity 1.027.
Jan. 1st, 1866.—I feel that I am getting worse and am nearly dis-
couraged; took a grain pill of Podophyllin, night before last. 8 A.
M. (this morning), took one grain Leptandrin, 1st decimal tritura-
tion. 11 A. M., took three drops Nux vomica, 2d decimal dilution.
11 P. M., passed during the last 24 hours, 43 ounces of high colored
urine; specific gravity 1.024; had two evacuation from the bowels,
soft, mushy, and very light colored.
Jan. 2d.-Feeling no better; took grain doses of Arsenicum
album 3d decimal trituration and Mercurius dulcis, 1st decimal
trituration, alternatively once in three hours; passed during the 24
hours, 25 ounces of very dark colored urine; specific gravity 1.026.
Jan. 3d-No better; continued the Arsenicum and Mercurius
every three hours; feel weak, drowsy and so stupid as to be unable
MYRICA CERIFERA.
735
to keep the mind concentrated on the subject in the lecture room;
passed 22 ounces of beer-looking frothy urine; specific gravity 1.025.
Jan. 4th.—Continued the Arsenicum and Mercurius every three
hours; passed 20 ounces of urine during the day, having the same
appearance as before, specific gravity 1.026.
Jan. 5th.-No better; feel quite desponding; cannot read nor
keep in mind for two consecutive minutes the subjects under consid-
eration in the lecture room; feel dull, stupid and almost completely
prostrated; the color of the eyes and whole surface of the body is of
a deep, bright yellow; entire loss of sexual desire-this has been a
constant symptom since the third day of the proving; took Digitalis
1st decimal dilution, every three hours.
Jan. 6th.-Slight improvement; continued the Digitalis 10 drops
three times a day.
Jan. 7th to the 10th, inclusive.-Improvement continues gradu-
ally; yellowness of the eyes and surface of the body is fading; urine
lighter colored and increased in quantity; stools darker and more
consistent; feeling better in every respect; continued the Digitalis
once a day.
Jan. 20th.-Still improving; stools and urine nearly normal; feel
quite well, except the general debility consequent upon long con-
tinued sickness.
Jan. 25th.-Symptoms have all disappeared, and I am feeling
well. It is highly proper that I should here remark, that during
some part of the time occupied in the proving, there was prevailing
to some extent in this city, a disease, similar in its manifestations, to
the symptoms which I experienced during the proving; now, how
much to attribute to the action of the drug, and how much to other
morbific causes, is a question which at present I shall not attempt to
decide. I have merely recorded the facts experienced as they oc-
curred; and subsequent and repeated experiments, should be insti-
tuted by the profession, and I believe this drug may yet be found
worthy of a place in our Materia Medica. One evidence that the
symptoms experienced by me were pathogenetic, is the fact that while
taking the dilution and the tincture, the same general symptoms were
manifested, although less marked and severe, as were afterwards ex-
perienced, while taking the crude bark in increasing and massive
doses, and that during the two weeks that elapsed after using the
tincture, and before commencing with the crude bark, the symptoms
all subsided, and left the system seemingly in a normal condition.
But I do not choose to speculate upon the action of the drugs. Hav-
736
NEW REMEDIES.
ing attempted the " proving" of this oue, I shall endeavor at an
early day to make a repeated and thorough proving, the result of
which will be cheerfully given to the profession. I had intended to
give a résumé of all the symptoms, placing those pertaining to
each organ of the body under its appropriate heading, but as it can-
not be of any practical use, and will take some valuable time, I leave
it for the present.
The above is one of the most extended and heroic provings in our
literature. The prover was under my observation during the whole
experiment. He suffered much from the effects of the drug in mind
and body, and was finally obliged to give up his studies for several
days. This experiment proves the medicine to be one possessing
considerable power. It certainly modified the secreting power of the
liver, to a great degree. It is useless to speculate how it affected.
that organ to cause jaundice. On the stomach it seems to have acted
as a stimulant, resulting in congestion of its mucous coat, with conse-
quent boulimea, etc., and its action on the hepatic ducts may have
been of the same character.
Some light may be thrown on its action, by a narration of the cura-
tive or antidotal means resorted to. Neither Podophyllum, Leptan-
dria, Mercurius, Nitric acid or China, had any effect in controlling
the jaundice. It was not until Digitalis, dilution, was prescribed,
in doses of five drope every four hours, that the bile reappeared in
the stools, and decreased in the urine. This medicine removed all
the drug symptons in eight or ten days. Digitalis is rarely used in
jaundice, but I have made several cures of obstinate attacks with tha
remedy. For particular indications, besides those noted in Dr.
Walker s case, refer to Noack and Trink's Clinical observations on
Digitalis in Jahr's New Manual. (Symptomen Codex.) [HALE.]
C
NABULUS SERPENTARIA.
(Lion's-foot.)*
ANALOGUES.-Ethusa,(?) Dulcamara,(?) Eryngium,(?) Hepar
sulphur,(?) Ipecacuanha,(?) Pulsatilla,(?) Sulphur (?).
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This is an indigenous perennial herb,
with a somewhat glaucous stem, with rough dentate leaves, of which
the radical are palmate, the cauline with long foot-stalks, sinuate-pin-
natifid, disposed to be three-lobed, with the middle lobe three-parted,
and the upper lanceolate. The racemes are terminal, somewhat pani-
cled, short and notting, with an eight-cleft calyx, and twelve florets. It
is about two feet high, with purple florets; it is common to the moun-
tainous districts of Virginia, North Carolina, and other sections of the
United States, and flowers in August, The root is thick and tuberous;
the whole plant is used in medicine, the milky juice of which is
probably the active agent; it is the Prenanthes serpens of Pursch.
[This plant is said by botanists to be a variety of the Nabulus
albus, which is also known by the name of Lion's-foot, as well as
White-lettuce, Rattlesnake-root, all of which are given to the Nabulus
serpentaria; it is the Prenanthes albus of Linnæus, and is thus
described:
"Stem smooth, somewhat glaucous, corymbose paniculate at the
summit; stout; purplish, often deeply so in spots, and from two to
four feet in height; Radical leaves angular-hastate, often more or
less deeply, three to five-lobed; the uppermost cauline, one lanceolate,
and between them the intermediate forms hastate and ovate, petiolate,
and irregularly dentate; heads, pendulous, glabrous,; involucie of
eight linear scales, nine to ten flowered; scales purplish, corollas
whitish, pappus brown. It is found in moist woods and shades, in
rich soils, from New England to Iowa, and from Canada to Carolina ;
flowering in August.]
For all practical purposes these two varieties, may be considered
identical in the quality of their medicinal action. The Nabulus ser-
pentaria is considered the most active in its effects, but not differing
otherwise from the Nabulus albus. The former grows in low moist
soils, the latter in higher and drier locations, which perhaps accounts
for its superior activity. The Nabulus albus is given as the officinal
plant in the Materia Medica of the opposite schools, but as the Nabu-
lus serpenteria was the plant proven by a homoeopathic physician, we
have considered it proper to retain it for the present as the officinal
plant. It should be gathered in August or September.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the whole plaat (roots,
stem and leaves); dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The history of the use of this plant in medi-
cine is very meagre.
47
738
NEW REMEDIES.
Rafinesque says it is useful in decoction, in dysentery, and for the
bite of the rattle snake.
King quotes the recommendation, but adds nothing new. It is
not mentioned by Wood, Scudder, or any other writer on Materia
Medica. Among the country people, and some country practictioners,
it has a reputation for the cure of severe cases of diarrhoea and dysen-
tery.
In homoeopathic annals the only mention of it is a proving by Dr.
M. E. Lazarus.* The proving is not given in daily detail as it should
have been, but a resume, arranged in a fanciful manner. I have re-
arranged the symptoms to accord with the plan of this work.
The prover was, according to Dr. Lazarus, "a married woman,
aged 19; habitual average health, fair; actual state of health, good;
frame rather slight and delicate; constitutional predispositions: the
general development, rather retarded; the child, life prolonged; cal-
orific functions, rather feeble; muscular system, rather feeble, with
frequent torpor of the large intestines; catamenia, often retarded
from three to seven days; skin fair; hair and eyes, chestnut; a slight
eruption of pustulous pimples covers the forehead and descends upon
the face. She had, during three years before her sixteenth year, an
irritation of the palpebral conjunctiva, with weak eyes. Character:
dreamy, intuitive, impassioned and gentle; circumstances comfort-
able. Began the proving with Prenanthus, 3d decimal dilution, five
drops at each dose, during four days, at two hours intervals."
No provings have since been made, nor have any clinical reports
been published in our literature relating to this medicine; I doubt if
any physician has used it in practice. I do not consider the proving
made by Dr. Lazarus, as at all indicative of the powers and effects of
the plant. The prover was not in good health, as a person should be
when proving a medicine in the attenuations; if larger doses had been
given, and continued for a longer time, something more satisfactory
might have been elicited.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY.
General Symptoms.-Depression of spirits, not deep, but quite
remarkable during both provings; not so as yet after the second
proving, with the first dilution, when melancholy, and the cutaneous
itching, with palpebral and gutteral irritation have continued for a
fortnight after discontinuing the drug; vague and sinister presenti-
ments in the morning; irritability of temper complained of in the
evenings; sensation of tipsiness, comes and goes often during the first
day of either proving.
* North American Journal of Homœpaihy, volume 4, page 352.
NABULUS SERPENTARIA.
739
Characteristic Symptoms.-Somnolence is characteristic of both
provings, chiefly in the afternoon and early evening, with sleep sound,
yet unrefreshing; sometimes feel tired on waking; night sleep pro-
longed, afterwards brighter and more broken; susceptibility to mag-
netic touch excited, unpleasantly so, to the aura of her friends.
Skin. The pimples on the face itch about the nose, upper lips
and cheek; pricking sensation over the body, especially over the loins
and lower limbs, as from suppressed perspiration, on the fourth even-
ing of the first proving and the eleventh of the second, these itchings
are most troublesome, but they last throughout both provings, and
continue to develop themselves after discontinuing the drug; this
whole series has been thoroughly marked, and an old chronic disease
of the eye-lids is reproduced.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It seems to act upon the skin some-
what; perhaps in a manner similar to Pulsatilla and Hepar sulphur.
Glandular System.-Sub-cutaneous glands irritated and swollen,
most obnervable before and behind the root of the right ear, and in
the neck.
Mucous Membranes.-The margins of the palpebral conjunctiva
are very troublesome, and rather get worse than hitherto, for a week
since discontinuing the drug; they sting and smart, and are slightly
swollen and dry. Mucous membrane of the nose and throat irritated,
without catarrh.
Fever.-Calorific functions depressed; chilliness, which the heat
of the fire did not remove, not intense; observed during the third
and fourth days of first proving, and several times during the second;
not followed by any febrile reaction, unless we may so consider hot
flushes over the head and face after going to bed on the third night,
and a few times since. Sensation of heaviness, as if the blood vessels
were filled with lead; the body feels heavy; she leans about,
Head. Headache in frontal and vertebral regions, with irritability
in connection with persisting irritation of the throat, eyelids and
skin; on the eleventh day, a week after discontinuing the drug the
second time. Frontal pains, deep-seated, behind the right eyeball,
and over the eye, for about five minutes on the second evening of
each proving; sharp, called neuralgic, occipital pains, probably mus-
cular, with pain and feeling of stiffness in the neck and in the trape-
zoid region of both sides, increased by turning the bead; most severe
on the second evening of the second proving, and continuing slightly
for a week; worse in the evening.
740
NEW REMEDIES.
Eyes.-Weakness of sight; she cannot use her eyes to sew or read
without pain; this may be simply a consequence of the palpebral
irritation. The margins of the palpebral conjunctiva are very troub-
lesome, and rather get worse than better hitherto, for a week since
discontinuing the drug; they sting and smart and are highly swollen
and dry.
Nose. The nosé is sorc, (right nostril,) with catarrh; a swelled
point, is complained of.
Throat. The throat is sore, without catarrhal angina; swallow-
ing is not difficult, but troublesome; much tickling and scraping is
felt; only on the left side, worse when lying down and swallowing
the saliva; then both eyes, especially the left, tingle painfully and
fill with tears, (propably from the irritation of the sub-mucous glands)
-eleventh day.
Taste and Smell.-Both slightly impaired during the latter part
of the second proving.
Appetite and Thirst.-Both greatly diminished; she neglects
her meals, yet food causes no inconvenience; she merely wets her
mouth, preferring acids, lemon.
Stomach.-Gastric secretions perverted; she has acid, burning
eructations in forenoons, during the first four days of the second
proving.
Stool.-Constipation; only three stools in twelve days; hard and
painful, followed by languor and even by prostration.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It has had a reputation for the cure of
dysentery and diarrhea, since the early settlement of this country.
Dr. P. H. Hale writes me that in an epidemic of dysentery, of a
severe character, occurring in the autumn of 1865 in Michigan, the
Nabulus alba was used very successfully by the country people, who
cured many cases given up to die by allopathic physicians. A weak
decoction was given.
Urine and Kidneys.-Renal secretions diminished; very little
urine passed, and no prompting to urinate. Sharp pains in the right
kidney for about five minutes on the fourth day of the first proving,
and the eleventh day of the second.
Uterus.-Sharp throbbing pains attributed to the uterus, on the
third day of the first proving, with discharge of a white, jelly like
matter from the vagina, accompanied with weakness. The catamenia
usually tardy, are more so than usual after the proving, delaying nine
days.
NUPHAR LUTEA.
741
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-If the symptom, "discharge of white,
jelly-like matter" shall be confirmed, it will prove a valuable remedy
in uterine leucorrhea. It seems to retard the menses as does Pulsa-
tilla, if the above symptom is reliable.
Trunk.-Dorsal pains, like those of torticullis, with like pains in
the nucha and occiput; joints affected with dull pain, and numbness
on awakening.—(Fourth day of first proving.)
NUPHAR
LUTEA.
(Small-flowered Yellow Pond Lily.)
ANALOGUES.-Anacardium, Agnus castus, Baryta carbonica,
Camphor, (?) Conium, Gelseminum (?) Kali bromatum, Nymphæ. (?)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTON.-There are three species of the Nuphar
in the United States, namely: Nuphar advena, Nuphar kamiana,
and Nuphar sagittæfolia. The first named has large, yellow flowers;
the second was once designated, by Smith, Torrey, and Gray, the
Nuphar lutea. Smith, a botanist, quoted by Gray, says he has never
seen the Nuphar lutea in the United States. Dr. Robbins, in Wood's
Botany, thinks the Nuphar kamiana wholly distinct from the Nuphar
lutea or any other species.
Appended to the "proving of Nuphar luteum,"* in a note by one
of the editors, (probably Dr. Marcy or Dr. Metcalf,) we find the fol-
lowing observation :
"This proving is taken from the Journal de la Societe Gallicane.
volume III., page 129, by Dr. Pitet, who gives no description of the
plant, either botanically or otherwise. * * The species
in question, is the small-flowered, yellow pond lily, Nuphar
luteum,-not the large flowered, common yellow lily, Nuphar
advena, from which, however, it is said to be difficult to distinguish
it. It is quite common in the interior of the State of New York,
though less frequently found than the large species. A tincture is
made from the whole plant, rhizomes, flowers, leaves, and peduncles."
The identity of this plant with any species growing in the United
States, is not as well established as it ought to be; but under the
circumstances, we see no better way than to consider it the same as
the Nuphar kalmiana, which is described as follows:
"Floating leaves, with base lobes approximate; submerged
leaves, membranous, reniform-cordate, the lobes divaricate, margin
waved, apex retúse; sepals 5; stigma 8; twelve-rayed, crenate,
* North American Journal of Homœopathy, volume III., page 250.
742
NEW REMEDIES.
petiole slender, sub-terete; upper leaves two or three inches long,
one and one-half to two and one-half wide; lower leaves, three to
four inches in diameter. Flowers in July.
According to Dr. Masters,* quoted by Lindley and Moore, the
Nuphar lutea is a native of England. He says "the flowers have a
perfume of brandy,-hence the name of brandy-bottles, applied in
some countries to this plant. The root stalks, bruised and infused in
milk, are said to be destructive to cockroaches, and when burnt, to
be particularly obnoxious to crickets. The leaves and roots have a
somewhat bitter and astringent taste. The flowers are used by the
Turks in the preparation of cooling drinks, like the sherbet. The
leaf-stalks are traversed by a great number of minute air cells, whose
arrangement is the same in both organs. A small variety occurs in
the North of Britain, also in Siberia, Canada, etc. It is sometimes
considered as a distinct species, under the name of Nuphar minimus.
The Nuphar kalmiana does not differ materially from this.'
From the last remark it would appear that the last named is but a
variety, if it is not identical with the Nuphar lutea.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the whole plant; dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The ancient physicians, among them Dioscori-
des and Pliny, mention the depressing action of this plant on the
generative functions. Among the physicians of the fifteenth and six-
teenth centuries, it was placed among their most valuable "an-aphro-
disiacs." No reliable experiments, however, were made, or placed
on record, in relation to its effects on the human system, until Dr.
Pitet, a homœopathist, made a proving of the plant. This proving was
made with the fourth, sixth, seventh and eighth dilutions. Many of
the symptoms elicited are characteristic, and ought to be important.
Since the first edition of this work, however, I regret to record that
but little clinical experience has appeared, to add thereto.
RESUME OF DR. PETIT'S PROVINGS.
General Symptoms.-Weakness; restless; diminution of the
strength; and flush, healthy complexion.
Emotive Sphere.-Excessive moral sensibility, giving one great
pain on witnessing the suffering of animals; great impatience at the
slightest contradiction.
Skin. Toward the end of ten or twelve days which. followed the
commencement of the proving (first,) there appeared, on different
parts of the body, a number of red blotches, tolerably regular in
outline, oval or circular, prominent, and covered with little scales, of
a silvery white; in short, resembling psoriasis. There were a few on
the posterior surface of the arms, but they were most abundant on
the anterior surface of the legs; they itched violently, especially in
*Treasury of Botany, Part II., page 794, (London, 1866.).
NUPHAR LUTEA.
743
the evening. Friction removed the little scales, which were rapidly
reproduced; remained a few days, then fell off again from the
scratching induced by the itching. This eruption lasted a month
and a half. As it disappeared, and the scales ceased to be repro-
duced, the skin at the place of each blotch became pale, red or yel-
lowish. It would be impossible to mistake the character of psoriasis
in these symptoms. Were they pathogenetic or unconnected with
the remedy." (?)-(Pitet.)
Aggravation of a moderate pityriasis capitis, of several years stand-
ing; morning and evening, especially, the itching is intolerable, and
the comb brings away a great quantity of hair (second proving.)
(Dr. P. doubts whether this was a drug symptom, as the pityriasis
was constitutional with him.) Sensation like flea-bites in different
parts for several days; a red, slightly prominent patch, covered with
little white scales, and itching violently, on the interior surface of the
right arm, near the axilla; a red, oval, prominent patch, as large as a
five-cent piece, on the internal surface of the left arm, exactly like
a patch of psoriasis, covered with silvery scales, falling off, and
renewed again every few days, itching violently especially in the
evening.
With very commendable frankness Dr. Pitet offers the follow-
ing remarks:-" We have seen that during my first proving, an erup-
tion like psoriasis appeared on my lower limbs. Although of an emi-
nently psoric constitution, manifested in childhood by temporary
enlargements of the cervical lymphatics, chilblains, catarrhal inflam-
mation of the eyelids, etc., and in adult life by symptoms resembling,
at one time, the commencement of tubercular consumption, and which
only yielded to homoeopathic treatment, it was nevertheless the first
occasion in which I had been affected with an eruption of this nature.
It continued for a month and a half. In the second proving, subse-
quently instituted a few months after, there was no eruption. But
in the third five months afterwards, two patches appeared on the
internal surface of each arm. Four years afterwards, while an in-
terne at the Hospice de la Salpetriere, and brought every morning in
contact with some hundred patients affected with itch, I was seized
with a general psoriasis, which lasted more than a month, without
being in the least affected by any medicament, and only yielded, at
the end of three or four weeks, to the alternate use of Manganum
and Nitric acid. Every year since has been marked by the appear-
ance of two or three patches of psoriasis. Quite recently I again
proved the Nuphar lutea, and in less than a fortnight the patches of
744
NEW REMEDIES.
*
** What
psoriasis appeared on all sides.
conclusion shall we draw from these facts? Did the Nuphar act
three times in succession to produce the eruption? Or did it simply
act by awaking the pathological susceptibilities of the economy, and
depressing the vital functions, and thus favor the appearance of the
disease? Or is the whole thing a mere coincidence? I shall
willingly adopt the latter conclusion as the wiser one, until further
provings, and an extended clinical experience shall have thrown
more light upon the subject.
This conclusion does honor to his judgment. Let further prov-
ings on healthy persons be made.
Head.-Pressive headache in the forehead and temples, ceasing
in the open air; boring pain in transitory attacks in the left anterior
part of the forehead, in the evening; dull, or teasing pains, sometimes
in the forehead, at others in the whole upper part of the head; heavi-
ness in the whole head, in the middle of the day; dull, deep lancina-
tions behind the left frontal eminence; dull pain in the left anterior
central lobe; very painful, bruising, shaking in the brain at every
step when walking; dull pain and sensation of painful weight in the
orbit all day, in the right anterior cerebral lobe, and right side of the
occiput; painful heaviness in the orbit, at the base of the brain-a
very frequent symptom since the beginning of the proving; lancina-
tions in the left anterior part of the brain; weight in the temples in
the morning.
Clinical ObserVATIONS-The pains about the orbital regions are
peculiar. Dr. P. is of the opinion that its action is deep, direct and
primary on the nervous centers.
Eyes.-Dull pain, and sensation of weight in the orbit; discolored
eyes, (around the eyes? H.) (For other symptoms of the orbit, see
Head)
Face.-Face pale; discolored eyes; though otherwise as well as
usual.
•
Gastric and Intestinal Symptoms.-Sweetish taste several
times a day; sense of weakness; (slightly painful over the whole
anterior surface of the stomach) soft stool, preceded by some colic,
for several days; diarrhoeaic stools, morning and evening, preceded
by violent colic-like pains in the rectum; six stools from 8 P. M., to 6
A. M.; diarrhœaic stool during the day, after breakfast and another
after dinner; yellow diarrhoea, especially in the morning, for three
days; five or six stools a day, without colic or epigastric trouble, except
NUPHAR LUTEA.
745
at times a sense of weakness in the epigastric region; the stools are
always more numerous toward five or six o'clock, A. M.; emission of
flatulence in the evening, with wind colic; smarting, and burning
pain at the anus, after every stool; stitches, as from needles, in the
rectum.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—“In the chronological order of the
symptoms, those which are seated in the digestive organs do not com-
mence until a number of days after the disturbance had been man-
ifested in the nervous functions. Their seat, so far as can now be
judged, is in the lower part of the digestive canal. Thus the pains
which accompany or precede the stools, are principally seated in the
rectum. The appetite is not at all disturbed, still the strength is not
renewed, nutrition languishes, the face becomes pale, the eyes dark
colored. The stools are sometimes soft, generally languid, yellow,
most frequent between four and six o'clock .P M. It is indicated in
acute or chronic cases of entero-colitis, when the aggravation takes
place, in the early morning, and generally in cases where there is
depression of the virile functions."-(Dr. Pitet.)
Case 1.—“ Having administered a dose of Nuphar 6, for several
evenings in succession, to a patient convalescing from typhoid fever,
whose feeble state was aggravated by nocturnal emissions, these latter
diminished in number from the first day, and gradually disappeared.'
Case 2.—" In another case I gave the drug to a man, who for nine
years had had involuntary seminal losses during sleep, at stool, and
when urinating, with complete erections; he was pale and languid,
and had been treated in vain, for several months, at the Hospital St.
Marguerite, by opium, quinquina, and the pretended tonics.
"The first evening, he had violent headache, accompanied by ver-
tigo, as if from intoxication, extending into a part of the night, with
soreness, nausea, epigastric pains, and bitter mouth. The next morn-
ing, general bruised feeling, as if he had been beaten with a club.*
06
During the following evenings, the patient, who was taking the
remedy twice a day, experienced heaviness in the head, vertigo, as if
from intoxication (similar, he declared, to those he had felt while
taking opium), and bitterness in the mouth. For a month he took
the nuphar at two different times. His paleness diminished, his
general weakness disappeared by degrees, and his digestive functtons
took a new start. At the same time the pollutions ceased, erections
came on, accompanied by a decided propensity for the generative act,
and before the thirtieth day of the treatment, he was able to satisfy
it with success, and without fatigue.
Case 3.—" M. B., æt. 28, had had a morning diarrhoea for three
months. He had to rise every morning towards five o'clock, several
times for the purpose of going to stool-never any colic. Bryonia
and Sepia, did no good in a fortnight; the diarrhea continued of the
same character, and the slightest error in diet aggravated it. Nuphar
cured it rapidly.—(1b).
* There is a connection between these pains and the bruised pains produced by nuphar in
the brain and thorax, which are sensibly aggravated by the shock of every step.-Pitet.
746
NEW REMEDIES.
Case. 4.- M. Louis B., æt. 21, Professor of Literature, had
scarce returned from the country, towards the end of last autumn,
when he was taken with a morning diarrhoea, with colic. Between
four and six A. M., he had two or three stools, and commonly one in
the evening. This state had lasted eight days. After first dose of
Nuphar, taken at night, the diarrhoea ceased."
Case. 5.—“ M. L., æt. 43, musician, had suffered three years from
entero-colitis, contracted by excesses at the table, and venery, and
domestic troubles. He had exhausted the resources of the old
school, and of quackery, without benefit; when he consulted me,
towards the end of last November, he presented the following case:-
Appetite good, sometimes excessive; frequent regurgitations of an
acrid and corrosive taste; digestion slow; colic and rumbling every
night, awakened several times from five to seven, every morning, to
go to stool, which was liquid or soft, yellowish, and either sour or
foetid; the least excess, of any kind, produced an aggravation of this
state, and generally obliged him to remain in bed for a day or two-
ordinarily he was enabled to attend to his affairs; his sleep was agi-
tated; heat in the palms of his hands; frequent pulse; at times a dull
pain in the left renal region, which was sensitive to the touch. From
the first doses of Nuphar he derived more benefit than he had pre-
viously experienced from any treatment, and in two months he was
well." (Ib.)
Case 6.-" M. L., a jeweler, æt. 33, had had a diarrhoea for a
fortnight, which obliged him to get up several times for stool, towards
five or six, A. M.. He had no colic, but experienced burning at the
anus. together with general depression. The diarrhoea ceased from
the second day.”—(Ib)
Case 7.—" M. B., a æt. 37, wood carver, consulted me on the
27th of last May. He had been sick for three months.
His tongue
was white, mouth pasty, and his stomach the seat of a painful sensa-
tion of weariness; digestion slow. He had a wind colic, principally
carly in the morning, with liquid or soft, sour smelling stool. For
several years the virile functions had been badly performed; he had
tolerable frequent pollutions during sleep; constant itching of the
scrotum and perineum; small desire for coitus; infrequent and
feeble erections; the diarrhoea, colic, digestive troubles, and troubles,
and general weariness, were aggravated on the day succeeding sexual
connection. I prescribed Nuphar, and eight days after the first con-
sultation, the patient not coming to visit me, one of his friends told
me he was better."— (Ib)`
Dr. Shipman, of Chicago, says he has used the Nuphar success-
fully for ten years, in painless morning diarrhoea.
Dr. Baikie, of Edinburg, in his "Clinical experience with New
Remedies," writes:* Nuphar was successful in some cases of
""
This remedy has much resemblance to Iris versicolor, in the char-
acter of the intestinal symptoms, and also the seminal emissions, but
is not so active and intense in its action.
* Monthly Homœopathic Review, (England,) vol. 10, p 299.
NUPHAR LUTEA.
747
obstinate diarrhoea, particularly when the attack come on early in the
morning, and were unattended by much pain or griping. The 2d or
3d decimal dilution seemed to answer best."
Urine. The urine deposits a copious, reddish sand, which
adheres to the vessel.
Generative Organs of Men.-Diminution of lascivious thoughts
and the sexual desire for ten days; opposite effects during the suc-
ceeding days; complete absence of sexual desire; penis contracted;
scrotum relaxed; entire absence of erections and sexual desires;
the voluptuous ideas which fill the imagination, do not cause erection;
lancinations in the right testicle; dull, transitory pain in the right
testicle for several days in succession; a similar pain at the extrem-
ity of penis, right side; severe lancinations in left testicle, with pains.
in extremity of penis, left side; an interne en pharmacie of the hos-
pitals of Paris, took for several days a quantity of tincture of this
drug, and remained for two months without perceiving either propen-
sity or power of performing the generative act.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Nuphar possesses a remarkable power
of modifying the vital forces, particularly in the matter of the genera-
tive functions, as was already known to the ancients. (Dioscorides,
Pliny, etc.) This action is exhibited in depressed phenomena, more
and more marked, and lasting sometimes as long as thirty days. The
reaction then commences, and proceeds, but with considerable
slowness.
Case 1-Having administered a dose of Nuphar, 6th dilution, for
several evenings in succession, to a patient convalescing from typhoid
fever, whose feeble state was aggravated by nocturnal emissions,
these latter diminished in number from the first day, and gradually
disappeared.
Case 2.—Gave the drug to a man who, for nine years, had had
involuntary seminal losses, during sleep, at stool, and when urinating
with complete absence of erections. He was pale and languid, and
had been treated in vain, for several months, by Opium, Quinine,
etc. The first evening he had violent headache, accompanied by ver-
tigo, as if from intoxication, extending into a part of the night; with
soreness, nausea, epigastric pains, and bitter mouth; the next morn-
ing general bruised feeling, as if it had been beaten with a club.
(There is a connection between these pains, and the bruised pains
caused by Nuphar in the brain and thorax, which are sensibly aggra.
vated by the shock of every step. (P.) During the following even-
ings, the patient, who was taking the remedy twice a day, experienced
heavinesss in the head, vertigo, as if from intoxication (similar, he
declared, to those he had felt while taking opium,) and bitterness in
the mouth. For a month he took the Nuphar, at two different times.
His paleness diminished, his general weakness disappeared by
748
NEW REMEDIES.
degrees, and his digestive functions took a new start. At the same
time the pollutions ceased, erections came on, accompanied by a deci-
ded propensity for the generative act, and before the thirtieth day of
the treatment, he was able to satisfy it with success, and without
fatigue."-(P.)
Thorax.-Painful sensation behind the sternum when running,
as through the subjacent organs were violently shaken.
Back and Extremities.-Deep, dull pain at the lowest part of
the left lumbar region, and in the posterior superior part of the exter-
nal iliac fossa; it coincides with a similar but not constant pain in
the internal iliac fossa of the same side; weakness of the limbs in
the evening.
NYMPHEA ODORATA.
(White Pond Lily.)
ANALOGUES.-Asarum; Agnus castus,(?) Baptisia; Calendula;
Eryngium; Hamamelis; Nuphar; Phytotacca,(?).
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-White pond-lily has a blackish, large,
fleshy, perennial root or rhizoma, growing in mud where the water is
from three to ten feet in depth, and is often as thick as a man's arm,
sending up leaves and flowers to the surface. The petioles are
long, somewhat semi-circular,and perforated throughout by long tubes
or air-vessels which serve to float them. The leaves are floating, orbi-
cular, sometimes almost kidney-shaped, peltate, cordate-cleft at the
base, quite to the insertion of the petiole, the lobes, one each side,
prolonged into an acute point, entire, reddish, with prominent veins
beneath, dark, shining green above and five or six inches in diameter.
The flowers are large white, or rose-colored, and fragrant. The sepals
are four, lanceolate, green without, and white within. The petals are
numerous, lanceolate, from an inch to two and a half inches long, of
the most delicate texture, white, sometimes tinged with purple on the
outside. Stamens numerous, yellow in several rows. Filaments
dilated gradually fromthe inner to the outer series so as to pass in-
sensibly into petals. Anthers in two longitudinal cells growing to the
filaments, and opening inwardly. Stigma with from twelve to twenty-
four rays, very much resembling abortive anthers, at first incurved,
afterward spreading. The pericarp is berry-like, many-celled, many-
seeded.
NYMPHÆA ODORATA.
749
This plant grows in ponds, marshes and sluggish streams in most
parts of the United States, flowering from June to September. The
flowers shut up at night and open about sunrise. The seeds ripen
under water, Wood and Gray recognize one variety, the Nymphaea
rosea, with rose-colored petals. Rafinesque mentions three, namely:
Nymphæa rosea, small, less odorous, with rose colored petals;
Nymphæa maculata with a brown central spot on the leaves, narrow
obtuse petals, flowers small, nearly inodorous; Nymphæa spiralis,
growing in the Southern States, flowers of very strong odor.
The root is the officinal part, becomes light, spongy and friable on
drying. It has an astringent and bitter taste, and readily imparts its
virtues to water. It is said to contain considerable tannic and gallic
acid, with starch, mucilage, gum, sugar, ammonia, alumina, tartaric
acid, fecula, etc. The root should be collected in the fall, freed from
dirt, cut into slices and carefully dried.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.—1. Tincture of the fresh root (for in-
ternal administration). 2. Infusion of the fresh or dried root, (for
local application.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The older writers make the following obser-
vations relative to the white-lily. "The roots are said to be astrin-
gent, refrigerant, demulcent, anodyne, hypnotic, emmolient, anti-
scrofulous. The variety with yellow roots mildest and best. The
fresh roots sometimes act as a rubefacient, externally; the dry are
best for use; externally, the roots and leaves are used for poultices,
in boils, tumors, lockjaw, scrofula, etc; internally, in diarrhoea,
dysentery, gonorrhoea and leucorrhoea."*
The European variety, Nymphaea albus, had, in ancient times, a
great reputation as an "an-aphrodisiac." It was supposed to have
the power of repressing and entirely dissipating venereal desires and
sexual power; it is said that the priestesses and vestals in temples
devoted to the worship of Diana, used to sleep on beds made of the
odorous water-lily, in order to keep themselves chaste and pure. In
later times an infusion, syrup, or distilled water of the root was given
internally for excited sexual desires. Even as late as the time of
Culpepper, it was advised in "nocturnal pollutions and amorous
dreams"
Allopathic physicians have not made much use of this plant, ex-
cept when they have borrowed its use in diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, etc,
from domestic practice. Eclectics have used it to greater extent. but
their knowledge of its qualities is quite meagre.
King mentions its use in ulcers of the mouth and throat, He says:
"I recollect a lady, who several years since, was pronounced by
several physicians to have uterine cancer, and which resisted all their
treatment. She was permanently cured by a squaw, who gave her to
drink freely of the decoction of a root, as well as to inject it into the
vagina, which proved to be that of the White-pond-lily."
* Rafinesque's Medical Botany, page 46.
† American Dispensatory, page 661.
750
NEW REMEDIES.
Nothing is said by any American writer in relation to its action on
the functions of the sexual organs.
Dr. P. H. Hale informs me that he has prescribed an infusion of
the root as an enema in many cases of acrid, corrosive leucorrhoea,
supposed to be caused by ulceration; the tincture was given at the
same time internally; and the leucorrhoea was cured with surprising
rapidity.
I have been informed by many women, that they have cured them-
selves of an obstinate leucorrhoea by the use of an injection of an infu-
sion of the fresh root.
If the root will act as a rubefacient when applied externally, it re-
quires no stretch of imagination to believe it acts homoeopathically as
a topical application to the chronic inflammation, erosion or abrasion
of the vagina and cervix uteri. I conjecture that it acts very similar
to the lotions so popular in such cases, with our school, namely: a
mixture of the tincture, or Aqua Calendula with Glycerine; or more
clearly still, to Hamamelis, Calendula and Glycerine.
In order to ascertain whether it had had any influence in repress-
ing unnatural sexual desires, I once administered the tincture of
Nymphaea to a hysterical woman, who was much troubled by amorous
dreams, voluptous sensations in the genitals, and uncontrollable flow of
sensual thoughts, She took 10 drops every three hours for a week,
with no perceptible effect on those symptoms.
In the winter of 1865-66, one of the class in Hahnemann Medical
College proved it under my direction, but no symptoms of sexual de-
pression were induced during the experiment. İf the drug had any
effect, it was to slightly excite the genital organs. The only note-
worthy symptoms related to the urinary organs, lumbar region, and
throat. It caused, apparently, some soreness of the throat, in both
experiments. This proving, however, needs to be substantiated by
others before its symptoms will possess much value.
PROVING BY DR. EDWIN COWLES.
[Member of the North-Western Provers' Association.]
Age 35; nervous, bilious temperament; disposition rather mild;
constitution good; a student in Hahnemann Medical College; use no
strong drink, coffee or tea, except ocasionally weak black tea, and no
tobacco; eat regularly three times a day, of food farinaceous and
vegetable; sleep about seven hours, retiring regularly.
CHICAGO, Ill., Nov. 23d, 1865.-The weather has been mild,
pleasant and dry for some weeks; have been well, with the excep-
tion of slight coryza; have now some headache in temporal region ;
loose discharge at the nose, and some cough in the morning.
Commenced the proving of Nymphæa Odorata.-12:40 P. M., one
hour before dinner, took 10 drops of dilution; ate a hearty din-
ner; one hour before supper, have perceived no effect of the drug,
NYMPHÆA ODORATA.
751
took 12 drops. At 9 o'clock, took 14 drops, and retired with a
slight headache.
Nov, 24. Slept well all night; feel well, excepting a little cough
and coryza. At 6 o'clock, took 16 drops; in all cases make it a rule
to take the drug one hour before meals. 12:40 P. M., took 18 drops.
At 6 P. M., took 22 drops. Did not take any just at retiring.
Nov. 25.-6 o'clock A. M., took 45 drops. 12:40 P. M., took 100
drops; have some pain in an old hollow tooth, that has ached before;
the weather still remains pleasant. 6. o'clock P. M., took 125 drops;
tooth aches a little, but feel no other symptom. 9:30 P. M., took 20
drops of the mother tincture; feel a little pain in the hypogastrium.
Nov. 26. Have had some pain during the night in the hypogas-
trium, also a lascivious dream; have some pain in the lower lumbar
region. 7 A. м, pain in the hypogastrium and back, and an evacua-
tion of the bowels, with some pain; took 25 drops. 12:40 P. M., some
pain in bowels and back; took 30 drops. 6 P. M., took 35 drops ;
pains about the same.
Nov. 27.-Had an early evacuation; some pain last night like
that before mentioned, but no dreams; about 6 A. M., took 40 drops;
pain in the hypogastrium and back, and an evacuation about 11
o'clock; chilly feeling, but have a good appetite.
At 12:40 P. M.,
took 45 drops. 1:30 P. M., had a thin stool, with a little pain and slight
smarting at the anus; have a good appetite. 5:30, took 50 drops;
after a little time I have some roughness of the throat.
have a heaviness in the temporal region; took 60 drops.
9:30 P. M.,
Nov. 28-Slept well last night; no dreams, and no perceptible
abnormal feelings, other than from a cold and pain in the lumbar
region; on getting up, head aches a little. 6 o'clock A. M., took 70
drops; soreness of the throat. 12:40 P. M., took 90 drops; tingling
in the throat and some hypogastric pain. 5:30 P. M., took 100 drops;
pain in the bowels for a few moments at a time, more sharp, and
passage of foul flatus; fecl weak in the lumbar region, with a sensa-
tion as if urine was not quite all passed.
Nov. 29.--Had a restless night, with pain in the back and lower
limbs; a slight excitement of the genitals, and left temporal head-
ache; on getting up, quite inclined to stretch.
6 o'clock A. M., took
120 drops; appetite not quite as good; felt very dull all the morn-
ing, with pain in back and head; feel quite unfit for active duties.
12:40, took none of drug; feel a great weakness in lower lumbar
region, with headache through temples, and severe coryza.
6 p. M.,
752
NEW REMEDIES.
head feels very heavy, and a free nasal flow, as in coryza; lumbar
region and lower extremities dull and quite weak.
Nov. 30.--Slept pretty well; abnormal sensations are some pain
in the back and lower limbs; a little cough in the morning and ap-
parent effects of a cold. 6 o'clock P. M., have felt nearly well to-day ;
some coryzal discharge from the head.
Dec. 21.-Have been well for the past week with the exception
of some pain in the left hypochondrium which has existed for some
weeks, but scarcely felt some days; good appetite; sleep good aud
regular; the weather is stormy to-day, has been mostly pleasant the
past week. One hour before supper, took 5 drops of tincture; before
breakfast took 10 drops; at noon took 20 drops, and before supper
took 40 drops, have felt no abnormal sensations; at bed time took 40
drops.
Dec. 22.-On getting up, feel only a little soreness of the throat ;
slept well and had no symptoms last night; took 100 drops; a
pleasant day. 9 P. M., have taken none through the day; have had a
little feeling of weakness in lumbar region, and a continued soreness
of the throat as in a cold. Frequent desire to swallow, with painful
deglutition; took 125 drops, and went to bed.
9
Dec. 23.-On arising, temperature in my room 22° above zero,
keen air, but pleasant out this morning; soreness of throat and some
cough this morning; slept well, and feel quite well. One hour before
breakfast took 160 drops; one hour before dinner took 22 drops.
P. M., have had but few symptoms to-day; soreness of throat with dif-
ficult deglutition; some looseness of bowels, and increased flow of
urine.
Dec. 24.-Had a slight increase of sexual feeling last night;
some involuntary passage of urine; one hour before dinner, took 200
drops; have soreness of the throat and difficult deglutition; pain in
the lumbar region; loose evacuations, with some pain in the bowels.
Dec. 25.-Slept pretty well, but on waking, feel a lameness in
the back and soreness of the throat, with disposition to cough. These
symptoms last for a number of days, gradually becoming less, till
little is felt that can be attributed to the drug.
During the proving the prover has become more than ever before
aware of the great liability of attributing to the drug, symptoms that
are very slight, and cannot with any degree of certainty be called
drug effects, or symptoms. Many trials of a drug seems necessary
for determining the nicer differences before they may be properly
known to be the effects of the drug.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
(Poke-Weed.)
ANALOGUES.-Arsenicum, Baryta, Causticum, Chimaphala,
Colchicum, Euphorbia corollata, Helleborus, Iris versicolor, Kali
hydriodicum, Kali bichromatum, Lachesis, Mercurius corrosivus,
Mercurius iodatus, Nitric acid, Podophyllum, Mezereum, Sanguinaria,
Sulphur, Veratrum album, Tartar emetic.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is herbaceous, with a peren-
nial root of large size, frequently exceeding a man's leg in diameter,
usually branched, fleshy, fibrous, white within, easily cut or broken,
and covered with a very thin brownish bark or cuticle. Stems annual,
about an inch in diameter, and from five to nine feet in height, round,
smooth and very much branched; when young, they are green, but
become of a fine deep purple or scarlet when matured. Leaves scat-
tered, petiolate, ovate, oblong, smooth on both sides, ribbed under-
neath, entire, acute, and five inches long by two or three in breadth,
Flowers numerous, small, greenish-white, on long pedunculated race-
mes, opposite to the leaves, sometimes erect and sometimes drooping.
Peduncles nearly smooth, angular, ascending; pedicles divaricate,
sometimes branched, green-white, or purple, and two others in middle.
Calyx whitish, consisting of five round-ovate, concave, incurved
sepals. Stamens ten. Ovary green, round, depressed, ten furrowed.
Styles ten. Berries in long clusters, dark-purple when ripe, round,
depressed or flattened, marked with the furrows on the sides.
ten. Seeds ten, solitary.
Cells
HISTORY.-This plant is a native of the United States, growing in
nearly all parts, along hedges, in neglected fields, and meadows, along
roadsides, moist ground, flowering from July to September. It is
known by various other names, as pigeon-berry, garget, scoke, coakum,
pocan. The two last names originated with the Indian tribes. This
species is found not only in the United States, but in the Azores,
North Africa and China. The Phytolacca iccsandra, a much smaller
species, is a native of South America, extending from Rio de Janeiro
to Mexico, and is found in some of the West Indian Islands. The
Phytolacca octandra is found in the West Indies and Mexico, where
the berries are used for washing, like soap. These species possess
similar properties.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS.-Over forty-five per cent of caustic
potassa can be obtained from the ashes of this plant. It is said to
exist in the plant as a neutral salt, being combined with some vegeta-
ble acid. This fact will account for the escharotic properties of the
ashes, which have been used as an application to cancers, indolent
ulcers, etc. This curative quality, however, does not exist solely in
the ashes, for an inspissated extract of the root, leaves or berries, is
also escharotic.
48
754
NEW REMEDIES.
The presence of Caustic-potash in this plant is quite suggestive.
It throws some light on its poisonous effects. Many of its symptoms
and pathological effects resemble those of Causticum, and the caustic
alkalies. Taken into the stomach, this is probably soon freed from
the acid, and enters the circulation as Kali causticum. The
plant, however, has other dynamic effects; it affects the nervous
system powerfully, also the fibrous and osseous tissues These
chemico-dynamic effects cause deep seated and important lesions, as
diphtheria, paralysis, periostitis, etc. An analysis by Mr. E. Donelly*
shows the root to contain gum, resin, starch, sugar, tannic acid, a
small portion of fixed oil, woody fibre, etc.
PHYSICAL QUALIITES.-The early sprouts are often used for greens,
but become cathartic as they advance to maturity. The officinal parts.
of this plant are the roots, leaves and berries.
The root, which is more commonly employed, should be gathered
in the latter weeks of autumn, cleansed from dirt and impurities, sliced
transversely, and carefully dried. As met with in this shape it is of
a pale-brown color, rather darker externally; hard, corrugated, and
distinctly marked internally with concentric rings of considerable
thickness. It is inodorous, with a mild, rather sweet taste, succeeded
by considerable acridity. Water at 212 F., or alcohol, extracts its
medicinal qualities. The tincture made from the fresh root should
be prepared with the strongest alcohol. If the dry root is used, the
alcohol should be one-fifth water.
:
The leaves should be gathered just previous to the ripening of the
the berries. Dr. Pope, of Washington city, informs me that he got
prompt and excellent curative effects, in diphtheria, from a tincture
made from the leaves gathered late in the season.
i
The berries, must be gathered when they are fully matured; they
have a disagreeable mawkish taste, with a faint degree of acrimony,
and are nearly inodorous. They contain an abundance of a beautiful
dark purple juice which is the most delicate test of acids hitherto ob-
served. An alkali turns it yellow, while an acid reinstates its pur-
ple color, but it is of a very fugitive nature, changing in a few hours,
and losing its delicacy as a reactive. No mordant has yet been dis-
covered to fix it. It appears to contain sugar, will ferment, and yield
a fluid from which alcohol may be obtained. The tincture should be
made by adding equal parts, by weight of the bruised berries and
strong alcohol.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-1. Tincture of the root. 2. Tincture
of the leaves. 3. Tincture of the berries. 4. Trituration of the dried
root. 5. Triturations of the Phytolaccin, (the active principle of the
plant.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.--The Phytolacca was used by the Indians as
an emetico-cathartic, and for the cure of cancers, tumors, etc.
Rafinesque makes brief mention of it as follows:
* American Journal of Pharmacy, Vol. XV.,
p. 169.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
755
"It is called Chougras in Louisiana, Jucato in Jamaica, and
Cuechliz in Mexico; a valuable, active plant'; root emetic and
cathartic, without spasms; dose 10 to 30 grs. of dry powder, safe and
powerful. Old leaves, acrid, purgative. Stems and leaves contain
more potash than any other plant, 67 per cent by burning, and 42 per
cent of pure caustic potash by lixiviation; has peculiar acid, phyto-
lactic, near malic. Fresh root and leaves escharotic, discutient,
specific in poultice for cancerous or malignant ulcers, psora, tinea-
capitis. Berries, juice alterative specific for chronic and syphilitic
rheumatism, fresh, or kept by adding one-third alcohol, a table-
spoonful each four hours.”
"
These remarks of Rafinesque, written in 1825, have been, copied
with little change, by nearly every "botanic or eclectic
author up
to the present time, but little in addition concerning its use in disease
appears to have been discovered since that date.
Allopathic authors do not consider this plant of much importance,
the only mention of it being in the United States Dispensatory.
It remained for the homeopathic school to make scientific experi-
ments with the medicine, and by means of provings on the healthy,
discover the indications for its use in disease.
Allopathic and eclectic physicians have decreed it to be useful in
"chronic rheumatism, chronic herpetic diseases, ulcers, periostitis,
and piles." Here their knowledge ends. They know not why it is
curative, blindly designating it an "alterative."
CASE OF POISONING, BY DR. C. H. LEE, OF ETNA, PA.
was called in September the 25th, 1865, to see a boy about 8
years of age, suffering intensely, from causes unknown to the parents.
When I saw him he was in great agony; he complained of his stom-
ach, saying that it was pinched together; nausea and violent vomit-
ing. I examined the ingesta and found the seeds and skin of the
berries of the Phytolacca; the ingesta was of a dark red color; he
told me after he vomited, that he had eaten poke-berries,-"a whole
lot of them." After the vomiting ceased he had severe purging; the
stools were thin dark brown; severe pain in the stomach, on pressure,
causing him to cry out. The vomiting and purging stopped in half
an hour after I saw him. He afterwards complained of slight nausea,
burning, griping pains in the umbilical region; dimness of vision;
tongue coated white, and spasmodic jerkings of the arms and legs
He was put to bed and slept well all through the night, In the
morning he was as well as ever. I forgot to mention that his throat
felt sore, the fauces were congested and of a dark color; dryness of
the throat; the tonsils were a little swollen.
756
NEW REMEDIES.
TOXICAL AND PATHOGENETIC EFFECTS,
[In the following I shall give its effects on man and animals, in
large and small doses, nearly as possible in the chronological order in
which they have been observed.]
66
Root, emetic and cathartic, without spasms. Fresh root and
leaves, escharotic. Leaves acrid, purgative." (Rafinesque, 1825.)
Emetic, purgative, and somewhat narcotic.
As an emetic it is
slow in its operation, frequently not beginning to vomit in less than
one or two hours after it has been taken, and then continuing to act
for a long time upon both the stomach and bowels. The vomiting
produced by it is said not to be attended with much pain or spasm,
but narcotic effects have been observed by some physicians, such as
drowsiness, vertigo and dimness of vision. In over dose it produces
excessive vomiting and purging, attended with great prostration of
strength, and sometimes with convulsions." (Wood's Dispensatory,
1845.)
"While the most prominent effects of Phytolacca appear to be
produced on the stomach and bowels, the skin, the nervous system,
and the urinary and genital organs of both sexes share largely in its
influence. When given to animals in large doses it produces vomit-
ing, purging, bloody stools, perspiration, drowsiness or stupor,
cough, tremors, convulsive motions, increased urination, and disten-
tion of the abdomen. The flesh of wild pigeons and other birds which
eat the berries, acquire a highly red color, a disagreeable flavor, and
is destitute of adipose substance; and in some instances whole families
have been purged by eating game which has been fed upon these
berries, although children frequently eat the berries without any bad
consequences. Phytolacca has been successfully used in veterinary
practice, for discussing tumors, fistulous ulcers, and in a disease
called 'yellow water.' (Transactions American Institute of Homo-
opathy, 1845.)
"It rarely causes cramps or pains, but occasionally induces gid-
diness, double vision, and other narcotic symptoms. Large doses
produce powerful emetico-catharsis, with loss of muscular power;
occasionally spasmodic action takes place, and frequently tingling or
prickling sensation over the whole surface." (King's Dispensatory,
1864.)
"All the effects of a severe coryza, in a person powdering it,
accompanied with headache, purging and prostration of strength.”
(Dr. Donelly, Griffith's Medical Botany.)
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
757
This remedy (Phytolaccin), when taken by a healthy person, in
half grain or grain doses, every two or three hours, for two or three
consecutive days, produces a burning sensation in the stomach, with
tenderness of the bowels, and a peculiar heat in the rectum, which is
soon followed by tenesmus and mucus aud bloody discharges. If
continued, it produces permanent hemorrhoids, and sometimes
dysentery. It will be observed from this, that the specific influence
of the Phytolaccin is manifested on the mucous membrane of the
stomach, bowels, and rectum, especially upon the latter, and in small
and medicinal doses is a most reliable remedy for chronic affections
of this portion of the alimentary canal." (Dr. Paine, [eclectic]
Concentrated Medicines," 1865.)
<<
[With strange inconsistency. Dr. Paine denies the value of the
law "similia," as a law of cure, while he follows it closely himself."]
The above are all from allopathic sources, and as far as they go,
are quite instructive.
The first pathogenetic experiments with the Phytolacca were made
by Drs. Williamson and Hering, and published in the Transac
tions of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in 18-, vol II.
The second proving was made by Dr. W. H. Burt, at my sugges-
tion, in the winter of 1863, and was published in the first edition of
this work.
The third proving was made by Dr. H. B. Fellows, in August,
1864.
The fourth proving was made by Dr. W. Warren in October, 1864,
and published in the Transaction of the New York State Homoeopathic
Medical Society, vol. III., page 361.
The fifth was made by Dr. A. V. Marshall, in 1865.
The sixth by Dr. Bahrenburg in 1863, and appeared in the Western
Homœopathic Observer, vol. III., page 126.
PROVINGS.
FRAGMENTARY PROVINGS, BY H. BARTON FELLOWs, m. d.
August 15th, 1864.-I put ten drops of the saturated tincture of
the dry root in two ounces of water, and of this I took a tenth part in
the forenoon about an hour before dinner. A slight fullness in the
fauces, was the only symptom produced.
Angust 16th.-Swallowed about twice as much of the same
preparation, about an hour after breakfast. This was followed by a
sensation of fullness in the fauces and upper part of the larynx, and
a sensation as of a lid there, which lasted until afternoon.
758
NEW REMEDIES. -
August 17th.-Put three drops of the same tincture, in one ounce
of water and swallowed one-half of it in the middle of the forenoon
The same feeling of fullness that was previously noted, with a dis-
position to hawk up mucus from the throat, though none could be
raised. While riding, about an hour and a half afterwards, I had a
simple aching pain in the region of the pylorus, which gradually
worked up into the chest on the same side. During the night of the
17th, I was very restless, though suffering no pain; could not get to
sleep until late.
August 13th.-During the forenoon I had a severe headache,
which began soon after breakfast. A part of the time the whole head
ached; a part of the time the pain was in the temples and was accom-
panied by a slight vertigo, and a part of the time the pain was most
marked or confined to the occiput. Walking
Walking or riding increased the
pain, but walking the most; left shoulder ached for sometime about.
noon. Towards evening, while riding, a laming pain began in the
left side of the back, below the shoulder blade. At half past nine
P. M., the pain had reached the region of the spine, and was of a
pricking, stitching character. In the night I awoke with a lameness
in the left side, near the cardiac region, with much nervous restless.
ness; could not get to sleep again for a long while. The lameness
was felt whenever I moved, but more particularly during expiration.
(These pains through the chest appeared occasionally for some months
after I took the last dose of Phytolacca decandra.) The bowels,
which have been more than usually loose for the past six weeks, haye
been more regular since I began taking the medicine. The mind has
been gloomy since I began taking it, and more than usually irritable.
August 19th.-Bowels are more constipated; some lameness in
the left side of the chest and shoulder; mind more cheerful.
November 4th.—I took twelve pellets of the second decimal dilu-
tion, from the green root, at half past eleven o'clock A. M. Sinarting
in the fauces, in a few minutes. At five o'clock P. M., headache in
the vertex, beginning while riding; motion increased the pain and
caused vertigo; pain lasted until I went to sleep at night; the fore-
arms ached after going to bed; the pain seemed to be in the bones,
and was uninfluenced by position.
November 5th.-A stinging pain the left instep, relieved by
pressure. During the night one nostril was stopped up.
November 6th.-About 11 o'clock A. м., a feeling of heaviness or
weight in the head, and vertigo began. The heavy feeling extended
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
759
down through the shoulders and chest, and later in the day through
the legs.
November 7th.-Took 15 pellets of the same preparation at 10
o'clock A. M.
While riding in the forenoon, a sensation of a plug in
the throat, not relieved by hawking. This sensation was replaced
by an increased discharge of mucus from the posterior nares, which
was detatched with difficulty, and which continually excited a dispo-
sition to attempt to expel it. At one o'clock P. M., a striking pain in
the ball of the left foot, which lasted about half an hour. At half
past one o'clock P, M., a heavy aching feeling in the head, with verti-.
go, and indisposition to mental exertion. In the evening, a feeling of
general lassitude, has existed since 12 o'clock.
Since the last date I have had sticking, stinging pains in various
parts, but always in the extremities, and from without, inwards, and
near the surface.
November 14th,-Took eight drops of the second decimal potency
at 9:45 A. M. I started on my ride immediately afterwards. Soon
some heaviness of the head appeared, accompanied by a feeling on
the back part of the tongue as if burnt. A sensation of the throat
being so full that it felt choked; hawking to rid the throat and poste-
rior nares of mucus; the raising of the mucus succeeded the feeling
in the throat. A sensation of fullness and as if something had
lodged on the left side of the throat came on after bending the head
forward iu writing, and was aggravated by turning the head to the
left. Regurgitation of food through the evening and until I went to
sleep. Feeling of weakness at the stomach, which caused frequent
yawning, that was attended by a stitching pain through the part.
(Observed on a patient). Itching on the left leg on the calf, which
afterwards appeared also on the right leg, and was accompanied in the
latter part of the time, with a lichen-looking eruption. The itching
lasted two or three weeks, and was always worse in the first part of
the night, often hindering me from falling asleep until midnight.
During the winter a gentleman came to me complaining of similar
pains to those above described, in the chest and side, with some
cough. I gave him Phytolacca second decimal, and relieved him
very promptly-much quicker than I had ever been able to do it
before, when I had used Bryonia and Phosphorus.
ACCIDENTAL PROVING OF PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA
Oct. 14th, 1864.—While engaged in the fields collecting botanical
specimens, I discovered a fine plant of the Phytolacca decandra.
* Read before the Onondaga County, N. Y. Hom. Med. Society, by W. Warren, M. D.
760
NEW REMEDIES.
With some difficulty I detached about a quarter of a pound of the
root, which was white, succulent, and perfectly free from impurities.
I cut off three or four grains and chewed it, swallowing a small part
of the juice: None of the fibrous or solid part was allowed to enter
the stomach. This occured about three o'clock P. M.
I now pro-
ceeded directly home, where I arrived about four P. M., and imme-
diately set about preparing the root for maceration in alcohol. While
thus engaged, I again chewed a grain' or two of the root, and swal-
lowed some of the juice. At the same time I observed that the odor
of the cut and bruised root was very offensive and nauseous. Up to
this time I had experienced no unpleasant affect from the drug. At
half-past four, a dull pressing pain in the forehead, accompanied by
slight nausea; nausea and headache continued to increase; cool per-
spiration on the forehead; slight feeling of weakness. At five
o'clock P. M., partook of an early supper. Appetite as good as usual.
Nausea and headache somewhat relieved by eating, although soon
returning with increased severity. At half past five г. M., com-
menced to vomit; vomiting of undigested food and violent vomiting at
intervals of ten or fifteen minutes, Pain in the forehead, increased by
vomiting; nausea, relieved by vomiting. Dull, bruised pain in
occiput. Constant flow of salivary secretion, from mouth, throat, sali-
vary glands, much increased and of a thick, tenacious, ropy consis-
tency. At twenty minutes past six o'clock, I vomited an acrid sub-
stance, which caused a feeling of scraping and excoriation in the
throat. Cool perspiration, especially on the forehead and hands.
Great muscular debility, lassitude, and desire to lie down. Until
seven o'clock P. M., continued acrid vomiting. Drank a glass of
warm water to prevent the empty retching, which was becoming
very painful. Muscular weakness increasing. Cool perspiration.
Headache through the whole head, of a dull pressing character.
Feeling of warmness and excoriation in the throat. All symptoms
were worse on motion and in the open air, except the headache, which
was better in the open air. At half-past seven o'clock drank another
glass of warm water, and in ten minutes vomited again—at this time,
vertigo, dizziness, and dimness of vision began to be manifested;
objects appeared dim and indistinct. I ordered a cup of strong
coffee, which I drank at 8 P. M. In fifteen minutes I vomited the
coffee. Vertigo and impairment of vision increasing; feeling of debil-
ity and trembling, on motion. At 8:40 I went to bed. All symptoms
relieved by lying down, except the scraping and excoriation in the
throat in the expectoration of tenacious saliva. Restless sleep during
•
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
761
the first half of the night; sleep disturbed by coughing. Hard
cough occasioned by scraping and itching in the throat.
October 15th.-Feeling of lassitude and indisposition to move;
sensation of scraping and rawness in the throat and tonsils; sensation
as if something had lodged in the throat, at the root of the tongue.
Feeling of intoxication on rising and walking about. Feeling of
weakness. Appetite at breakfast as usual. All of the symptoms
relieved by eating, but especially the throat symptoms. Bruised and
sore feeling at the pit of the stomach; aching at the pit of the stom-
ach. Sickly look of the face. Dark yellow color of the face and
sclerotica. Bilious. These symptoms appeared until three P. M.,
when a slight aggravation took place, and continued about four hours.
All the symptoms, which can be attributed to the action of the drug,
have subsided.
DR. A. V. MARSHALL'S PROVING.
In perfect health; bowels move once daily; pulse 80 beats per
minute.
First day.-9 A. M., took 10 drops of the essential tincture. At
11 A. M., took 20 drops. At 12 m., took one-half dram. At 2 P. M.,
took one dram. About an hour later I felt a dryness of the larynx;
sensation as if the trachea was strongly grasped; evening, grew
worse. 9 P. M., took one dram. I soon felt a heaviness at the top of
the head.
Second day. -Awoke in the morning, with stiffness about the
neck; tonsils sore and some swollen; profuse secretion of saliva;
dryness in the trachea; dry cough. 8 A. M., took one-half dram. 3
P. M., took three drams. Fifteen minutes later, pressure in the top
of the head, with dryness, lasting an hour. 6 P. M., took four drams.
Headache; very dry cough; feeling of dryness in lower part of the
trachea and large bronchi; redness and soreness of the throat;
tonsils red and swollen; pulse 84, and it remained so during the
proving.
Third day.—6. A. M., took three drams. 11 A. M., took four drams.
Slight headache all day; dryness of trachea; dry cough, without
relief; heat in the stomach afier taking the drug; at noon felt a sharp
pain running up each spermatic cord; profuse secretion of saliva, each
day.
Fourth day.-8 A. M., took three drams. 12 M., took four drams.
2 P. M., took four drams; hard grinding pain shooting up both sper-
matic cords in the morning. Urine double in quantity and clear as
762
NEW REMEDIES.
water, the last two days; dryness, soreness, roughness, and redness
of the throat, all the time; at times there is hoarseness, but this is
not continual; saliva profuse; metallic taste in the mouth; cough
dry, with but little expectoration.
Fifth day. At 7 A. M. took four drams. 2 г. M., took three
drams. Same symptoms as on fourth day.
Sixth day. Symptoms declining; continual soreness of the sper-
matic cords, instead of the paroxysmal pains experienced on the pre-
ceding days; a white coating made its appearance on the tongue; the
third day it still continues; bowels have not been affected by the
drug, notwithstanding the massive doses taken.
Seventh day. There is no trace of the drug disease.
DR. BAHRENBURG'S ACCIDENTAL PROVING.
"I ate a small piece of the root, about the size of a common cherry,
and also gave small portions to several of my friends. This was a
little before twelve o'clock. Soon after, all who had eaten it began to
vomit. The matter ejected was first of the aliment and then a dark
bilious substance, which came away with as little effort as vomiting
in Asiatic cholera. Vomiting and purging continued all the after-
noon, with considerable griping pains and cramps in the abdomen.
The emesis took place every fifteen or twenty minutes. Towards
evening we were confined to our beds, and the whole family alarm-
ed, thinking we would die. The extremities were cold; pulse very
low; eyes deeply sunk in their orbits, and vomiting and purging still
continuing. I was asked if I knew any antidote. I told them
there was no danger; but towards night, as our situation became
rather serious, I ordered some black coffee, and after this the vomit-
ing ceased, but the purging continued. We all passed a restless
night, with some fever, as reaction had taken place. There was con-
siderable thirst, and the passages were without pain. The next
morning all the dangerous symptoms had passed off. We felt very
weak, especially in the abdomen, with little or no appetite for several
days, during which time the diarrhoea continued. One of the per-
sons, who had suffered from sick headache for several years, which
occurred once a week, had none for four months, when it returned,
but much modified and lighter."
DR.
-'s PROVING.
The following fragmentary proving I received from some physician,
whose name I have mislaid. It is quite interesting as the prover was
a susceptible subject:
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
763
..
"Last month, the season for obtaining the root, I went out and dug
up a root as large as my fist, and when I returned, I commenced
slicing it up. Being interrupted by a call, it was two hours before I
had finished the job. In the course of another hour my eyes became
very much inflamed, and tears flowed continually. I also began to
feel general weakness and discomfort. The pain was less when in
the open air. The following morning my eyelids were agglutinated
and oedematous, as if poisoned. I also had fluent coryza. This state
of the eyes and nose lasted about two days. I had never experienced
any such trouble before with my eyes, but have often had slight
attacks of nasal catarrh. After all these symptoms had passed off, I
had a diarrhoea which lasted three mornings. The dejections were
very abundant, and did not cease until they became almost watery.
They came on at one or two o'clock in the morning and lasted until
after breakfast. The flatus was abundant. There was no loss of
appetite and no pain. All this came from inhaling the fumes from
the root, while slicing it, and taking a few drops from the jar before
much of the virtue had been extracted."
ACCIDENTAL PROVING, BY A. W. Griggs, M. D., (ECLECTIC.)
"On the morning of the 19th of February, 1865, at 8 o'clock, I
visited the family of Mr. Wilson, nearly a mile distant, and was
invited to examine and prescribe for his child-a male mute six
years old. Was informed that an hour or so previously he had swal-
lowed a small quantity (two or three fluid drams of the tincture of
the root of the common Poke. His extremities were stiff; hands
firmly shut; fect extended and toes flexed; eyes bleared and dancing;
pupils contracted; lower lips drawn down; teeth clenched; lips
everted and firm; muscular rigidity was general and opisthotonos
established. The circulation numbered 85 beats per minute; pulse
soft and unresisting; temperature nearly natural; respiration diffi-
cult and oppressed; mucous rale distinct and audible anywhere in
the room.
The contraction of the masseters precluded the idea of
addressing remedies by the mouth, and the amount of mucus in the
bronchiæ that of administering anesthetics. A boy was dispatched to
the office for cupping case and mustard; returned at 9 o'clock. Dur-
ing the hour he had increased muscular rigidity generally, with con-
vulsive action of the muscles of the face and neck, (the chin drawn
closely down to the sternum), which condition would last five or ten
minutes, to be succeeded by partial relaxation, and return in twenty
minutes more with the same violence. Cold had been applied to the
764
NEW REMEDIES.
scalp, and I now proceeded to cup him freely over the temples, crevi-
cal and dorsal spine, and subsequently applied a sinapism from atlas
to sternum. A stream of cold water was now gently flowed upon the
head, almost constantly for an hour; when the symptoms began to
abate, the muscles gradually losing the tetanic spasm, and complaint
was made of the mustard. At noon he was able to drink a cup of
sweet milk, which was given. He then slept 20 or 25 minutes,
(which he had not done before), and was awakened; slight jerking
and twitching of the muscles, especially those of the inferior extremi-
ties. He also made signs indicating pain in the back of the head and
stomach. The water was re-applied and another cup of milk given.
The head was then enveloped by wet towels, which were frequently
changed, and the milk allowed ad libitum. At four o'clock he again
fell asleep, and rested quietly for an hour and a half. The distress-
ing symptoms had now almost disappeared, and I left the patient,
having first ordered a dose of castor oil, to be given at bed-time. On
the following day the little boy was up and frolicsome, although sore
and somewhat stiffened. Nothing more was prescribed, and he re-
covered without a return of any of the previously mentioned symp-
toms, and there was no sequelæ. In conclusion, I think it proper to
state that there was retention of urine, for ten hours, and that neither
emesis nor catharsis took place in this case, until the latter was
prompted by the use of castor oil; further, the slightest nausea was
not at any time observable.
Having positive proof that the patient had taken the drug, and
nothing else--not even breakfast-I was at first perplexed, knowing
that such symptoms, in general, had not been, before, ascribed to the
use of the Phytolacca.* For was this an idiosyncratic case? Ground
is here left for experiment and speculation. From the views which
I have long entertained as to the pathology of rheumatism, and the
known efficacy of Phytolacca in controlling it, after the acute stage
has passed, I am generally inclined to believe that the symptoms
referred to in the case described, were such as might have reasonably
been expected to have occurred. I am free to admit that we have
for some time been at sea, respecting the nature of rheumatism; and
I cannot, in this article, do more than allude to the fact, agreeably to
my experience, that the plan of treatment is most successful, which is
based upon the idea or belief that the medulla spinalis is at fault.
Therapeutics often dissipate the darkness of pathology, although the
latter, when understood, invariably should direct the former. Thus
* See U. S. Dispensatory.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
765
you may understand that if the case here reported might be taken for
a criterion, so far as the specific action of Phytolacca is concerned,
the pathology of certain forms of rheumatism, would be clear. I am
apprised that caution should mark every step in science-that we
should not build on an insecure foundation-and as before mentioned,
there is room for experiment and speculation; but, impressed by the
action of Phytolacca in this case, and knowing its value in treating
rheumatism; and believing rheumatism for the most part due to disor-
der of the cerebro-spinal system, I cannot refrain from looking further
on, to inquire whether the tincture of the root of Phytolacca decan-
dra may not some day be to strychnia, what the tincture of Veratrum
viride is to tartarized antimony.-(Atlantic Med. and Surg. Jour.)
FRAGMENTARY PROVING BY J. LESTER KEEP, M. D.
Wishing a tincture of this article, I purchased the dried root and
engaged a neighboring chemist to prepare it for me.
The necessary
process of pulverizing developed in him the following interesting
symptoms which were produced by inhaling the powdered dust. Soon
after the grinding he first felt a burning sensation in the nose, then
dryness of the throat, which soon produced soreness; thin, watery
discharge from the nostrils, which increased until the nose became
"stuffed;" headache, commencing in the frontal region, and extend-
ing back; difficulty of swallowing, which became so severe that he
was unable to swallow even water; every attempt to swallow was
attended with excruciating, shooting pains through both ears;
secretion of saliva increased; difficult breathing; inability to breathe
through the nostrils; pulse over 100; vertigo.
By the time the "difficult breathing" was developed, my friend
became so alarmed that he decided something must be done im-
mediately, and he accordingly took at one dose: Spiritus Nitrici dulcis,
one ounce ; Spiritus mendereri, two ounces. This acted powerfully,
but promptly, and so far relieved him that in one hour nearly all
of the symptoms had vanished.
"
sore
CLINICAL NOTE.- Although the reported provings of Phytolacca
contain many of the above symptoms, yet this personal experience so
increased my confidence and knowledge, that I have been prescribing
it during the past month in severe influenzas, with very gratifying
results. I have for two years used it in the " diphtheritic
throats which are so prevalent in this city, and with almost universal
success. I believe it to be particularly applicable when connected
with derangement of the digestive organs. It has occasionally failed
me in idiopathic tonsillitis of a sub-acute character. In several recent
cases of the latter, where Phytolacca has only partially relieved, Kali
766
NEW REMEDIES.
bichromicum 2d, has speedily completed the cure. I am accustomed
to use the tincture-from five to ten drops in half a tumbler of water,
and administer one teaspoonful at a dose.
[The tincture of Phytolacca should always be prepared from the
green root by maceration in purified and re-distilled alcohol. Com-
pared with this, the tincture of the dried root is almost inert.-ED.]
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Many of the symptoms, especially those
about the head and throat, are better after breakfast, while the heat,
and many of the abdominal symptoms are worse in the afternoon;
dryness of the fauces, most in the morning; 'some of the abdominal
symptoms disappear in the night; the symptoms of the chest are
worse after midnight, better in the afternoon, and most of them on
the right side; the pains in the head are chiefly in the forehead, and
worse after dinner; dullness, giddiness and vertigo; the prominent
feeling in the eyes is that of smarting; the symptoms of the eyes and
eyelids are worse in the morning, but the vision is worse in the even-
ing; increased sense of hearing, the right ear is most affected; sen-
sation of a lump in the throat; the symptoms of the stomach, throat,
and mouth are worse in the morning. The first appearance of the
pain in the right hypochondrium was in the afternoon, but afterwards
it was always worse before daylight in the morning; griping pains
without diarrhoea; pain in the left iliac region; the symptoms of the
lower extremities are worse in the afternoon; the pains are sometimes
followed by itching and burning; the pains shoot inwards and up-
wards; transitory pains. Many of the symptoms are attended
with heat; neuralgia in the periuæum in the middle of the night;
the cough is worse towards morning; sudden translation of internal
pains to the extremities. During one of the provings, the symptoms
of the eyes became so severe, that sulphur was taken as an antidote,
and all the subsequent symptoms appeared on the left side.-(Trans.
Amer. Ins. Hom.) Great prostration accompanying the vomiting and
purging; much debility.-(Dr. Burt.) General weakness and dis-
comfort; very weak; general lassitude; great muscular debility;
lassitude and desire to lay down; lassitude and disinclination to move;
muscular rigidity, and general opistbotonos established. During the
hour I had noticed increased muscular rigidity generally, with con-
vulsive action of the muscles of the face and neck, (the chin drawn
closely down to the sternum,) which condition would last five or ten
minutes, to be succeeded by partial relaxation, and return in twenty
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
767
minutes more with the same violence; sore and stiff. (Fellows, War-
ren, Bahrenburg, Griggs.)
Mucous Membranes. This medicine appears to act as virulently
upon mucous tissues as Mercury, and the preparations of Potash.
Like them it appears to cause something like false membranes,
(throat), and severe ulceration and inflammation in the intestines,
(stomach, etc.)
Muscular Tissue.-It seems to exercise a marked influence over
this tissue. It causes muscular pains (myalgia) and rheumatic symp-
toms, and has been found very useful in the latter disease. No remedy
is more popular in domestic use for chronic rheumatism, than a rude
tincture of the ripe berries in whisky. I have observed several
marked cures of obstinate cases from its use. "The extract of the
root is an excellent remedy for the removal of those severe pains at-
tending mercurio-syphilitic affections (osteo-copus), in which it is
more beneficial than opium."—(King.) This would seem to indicate
that it affected the periosteum.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In Rheumatism it has effected some
cures since the issue of the first edition.
Dr. G. M. Pease reports the following case:
"With twelve doses of Phytolacca, 3d dil., I have relieved, and
I think cured a case of chronic rheumatism, in a man nearly sixty
years old, which had withstood all kinds of treatment for eight years.
He says he can hop and skip now like a child. About a week after I
commenced the treatment he walked nearly a mile to my office without
even a cane, a feat he had not been able to accomplish for several
years."
woman.
Dr. Kendall mentions a case of periosteal rheumatism in a young
She had suffered several weeks from severe nightly pains
in the periosteum of the tibia. After taking the Phytolacca a few
days, (in the first dilution,) the pain gradually subsided.
Dr. Kimball, of Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., writes:
In two cases of rheumatism of the lower inter-costal, extending
to the abdominal and lumbar muscles, from exposure to cold and
dampness, the Phytolacca operated like a charm, two doses of the
mother tincture being sufficient. In another case, ushered in by a
diarrhoea, one dose suffered to act 24 hours, gave no relief, although it
caused considerable irritation of the throat and fauces. This case was
afterwards cured by Ranunculus bulb. 30th.
In the Boston Quarterly, Vol. I., No. 4, is a case in which the
Phytolacca decandra was used by Dr. S. M. Cate, with good effect,
for occasional spasms of the stomach and diaphragm for some years,
and for the last six months a severe pain in the hip joint, mostly be-
hind the trochanter major. The pains were sharp, cutting, and
drawing, and occurred from 4 to 5 o'clock in the morning, driving the
768
NEW REMEDIES.
patient immediately from his bed. On first rising, the leg was drawn
up so that only the toe would reach the floor. Rubbing and heat
would afford some slight relief, but energetic walking was the only
means of rendering it endurable. After a few hours in the morning,
the severe pains passed off, and only a soreness and dull pain dis-
turbed him till the next morning. The pains sometimes appeared in
the middle of the tibia and fibula, and down to the great toe.
Dr. O'Brien, of South Shields, (England,) in his mention of Phy-
tolacca, says:
"In a case of syphilitic rheumatism, with enlargement of the
parotid and sub-maxillary glands, it produced prompt relief, and a
rapid subsidence of the glandular tumors," also "In a case of
rheumatism of the right frontal region, accompanied by nausea and
aggravation of the pain in the morning, relief was afforded after one
dose of the Phytolacca, 3d dcc., dil."
Dr. P. H. Hale reports the following cure of a severe case of
chronic rheumatism, treated with Phytolacca. Mrs. S, aged
about 40, had a severe attack of inflammatory rheumatism fifteen years
ago, which ran into a chronic form, affecting the left hip-joint, which
she lost the use of. Upon examination, the synovial membrane was
found implicated with considerable tumefaction from the effusion. The
patient was of a scrofulous diathesis. I ascertained she had enlarge-
ment of the glands of the neck and axillæ, which had existed since
she was a child.
There was no swelling of the limb; the pain was obtuse, heavy
aching, generally worse in damp weather. She complained of cold-
ness of the limb, and the pain was aggravated by warmth. She was
very much emaciated and had night sweats, having an acid reaction.
Urine scanty most of the time, but sometimes very clear. She had
not walked without assistance for fifteen years.
Diagnosis unfavorable; but concluded to give the Phytolacca a
fair trial. Gave the tincture of the ripe berries; 30 drops, three
times a day.
In two weeks I saw her for the second time, and she seemed very
much improved; less pain, the tumefaction of the hip had nearly
disappeared, and the muscles of the thigh were more relaxed;
appetite improved.
Continued the medicine, but gave only 20 drops. three times a
day. In two weeks found her still improving; she could move the joint
and the muscles had assumed a normal appearance, swelling entirely
disappeared; she could sit up, and said she felt better than she had
for years.
Gave her 10 drops of the 2d dilution in a glass half full of
water, and left more to be prepared in the same way.
Three weeks after, found her still improving; could use the joint
and bear some weight on the limb, which she had not done in years.
The glandular swellings had disappeared, and she had gained very
much in strength and general appearance.
Continued the same treatment and did not see her again in six
weeks, when I called and found her able to walk without crutches,
and apparently well. She says she can feel some pain in the hip
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
769
when the weather is damp. In this case the Phytolacca not only.
relieved the pain and tumefaction, but dissipated the glandular en-
largement and arrested the night sweats. In all my ten years prac-
tice, I have never witnessed a more satisfactory cure."
Dr. Neidhard finds it useful in arthritis vaga, or wandering gout;
passing from one joint and place to another, with swelling and redness.
He uses the 6th dilution.
Dr. Cushing, of Lynn, Mass., sends two cases:
Case 1.-" Mrs. B—, aged 45; has had rheumatism for several
years; the past year the joints of all the fingers have been badly
swollen and very painful, hard and shining. Gave Phytolacca 3d,
six globules, (No. 4,) four times a day; pains and swelling, better, but
complete loss of appetite; gave four globules, night and morning; ap-
petite returned; gave four globules, four times a day; is much bet-
ter and improving; general health much better.
Case 2.—“ Mr. H—, aged 40, blacksmith; chronic rheumatism;
severe for several months; gave Phytolacca 3d, six globules, (No. 4,)
night and morning. In ten days nearly well. Went to the War.
Dr, A. R. Smart, of Hudson, Mich., writes as follows:
The sphere of Phytolacca in rheumatic affections appears to be
in the fibrous tissues covering the bone and nerves. In the rheumatic
irritation of the sheaths of the nerves, as in Sciatic Rheumatism, it is
specially useful; also in Periosteal Rheumatism or in Periostitis. A
leading indication for its use in periosteal rheumatism, is the
presence of syphilitic taint, which may be supposed to originate
the troubles in the osseous structures. The preparation used
in the following cases illustrative of its action, was a con-
centrated tincture of the berries. This seems to vary in its action
from the preparations of the root. I have failed in accomplishing.
cures with tincture of the root, and afterwards have succeeded with
tincture of the berry. This difference in effect and sphere I have never
noticed in any of the affections to which the Phytolacca seemed
homoeopathic other than those above mentioned.
Case 1.—“A man, aged 40, somewhat predisposed to rheumatic
difficulties, presented these symptoms. He had nearly constant
pain in the outer and back part of the right limb, worse at night, but
never going away entirely; unable to bear any weight on the limb,
or to move it without extreme pain, which he describes as a dull
aching, and at times lancinating in character. The pain first came
on in the hip, and from thence into the lower portion of the limb..
Says he had a similar attack 14 years previous, from which he did
not recover in over one year. General health is very good; has
tried cold friction to the limb and iodine lotions, etc., and has used
Colchicum, Cimicifuga and Arnica, without benefit; gave Phytolacca,
(concentrated tincture of the drug), beginning with 10 drops, and
gradually increasing to teaspoonful. After using the Phytolacca
four days, he reported himself better, and steadily progressed to a
cure, although it was six weeks before he could resume his busi.
ness.
49
770
NEW REMEDIES.
Case 2.-A boy 10 years of age, after exposure to cold and wet,
was taken with periostitis of the right femur. He was treated by a
neighboring physician, (allopath,) for rheumatism. The inflammation
was partially subdued, and the case ran on for five months, when he
came into my bands. I found the limb greatly swollen, surface red and
shining; inability to stir the limb; considerable pain, more in the
latter part of the day; chills occasionally and nearly constant fever;
no appetite; furred tongue. After a trial of several remedies which
seemed to fail to reach the case, I prescribed Phytolacca, (same pre-
paration as before,) 20 drops every four hours, and a fomentation of
the same to the limb. Under this treatment the swelling in the limb
subsided, leaving some necrosis, which gradually came away, under
nearly the same treatment, with the addition of some supporting
medicines.
Case 3.-A man who had syphilis a year before, complained of
pain in the arms, and always about midway between articulations,
especially, about the attachment of the deltoid, has suffered about a
month; does not think he caught cold; can assign no reason for the
difficulty. Pain is not severe, but of a dull aching character aggra-
vated at night. Gave him Phytolacca, 20 drops, three times per day.
Four days after he reported freedom from pain after the first day's
use, and six weeks after he still continued free from difficulty.
In regard to the dose given, I would say that I have repeatedly failed
in deriving advantage from doses, of one to two drops, that I after-
wards found, in the same cases, from the use of 10 to 30 drop doses.
Dilutions of the tincture of the berries I have never used."
Nervous Tissue. The Phytolacca has been known to cause con-
vulsions in men and children. Dr. Burt's experiments on animals
elicited many convulsive symptoms. According to Dr King, it causes
a tingling and prickling sensation over the whole surface." In its
pathogenesis, we found many neuralgic pains, which are clearly dis-
tinguished from the myalgic. No post-mortem examinations have
been made of men or animals poisoned with this plant, with suffi-
cient accuracy to point out the peculiar pathological conditions it
causes. The case of poisoning, resulting in tetanus, would indicate
its probable usefulness in that disease.
"
Vascular System.-Heart, Fever, etc.—Neither of our provings,
contain any mention of the effects of Phytolacca upon the vascular
system. I find no " fever symptoms," and but one "heart symptom.
Occasional shocks of pain in the region of the heart; as soon as the
pain in the heart ceases, a similar pain appears in the right arm.”
This is quite a valuable symptom, as it appears in some rheumatic
affections, and may indicate grave cardiac disease. I find no mention
of its use in any form of fever except scarlatina; it is probable, how-
ever that a remedy of such power will be useful in some febrile
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
771
diseases. (Enteric, gastric, etc.) Pulse four beats more than normal
all the time; pulse 85 beats to the minute, soft and unresisting; tem-
perature nearly natural.-(Marshall, Griggs.)
•
Glandular System.-It is esteemed very highly in glandular
affections. In our pathogenesis we find the following symptoms:-
"A very peculiar tension and pressure in the parotids; hardness of
a gland on the right side of the neck, suppuration of a tumor behind
the right ear, with a discharge of matter and blood." Dr. Burt found
the Phytolaccin to cause swelling and inflammation of the tonsils.
Several homœopathic physicians, with myself, have found it useful
in swelling and induration of glands; it seems to have a specific
affinity for the mammary glands (see "Generative organs of women.")
According to King, "the root excites the whole glandular system,
and has been highly extolled in syphilis, scrofulous, and cutaneous
diseases. It is said to hasten the suppurative process; it has been
used with alleged success in bronchocele. The Phytolacca is an
analogue of Mercury, Iodide of Potash, Iris versicolor, Podophyllum,
Arsenicum, and other similar drugs. It is strange that a vegetable
remedy should be so analogous in its action to the Iodide of Potash.
One symptom is quite notable-the loss of adipose tissue in birds,
which have eaten of the berries. Kali hydriodicum has this power
of causing absorption of adipose matter in a great degree; so also, both
are useful in periosteal, mercurial, and so-called syphilitic rheuma-
tism.
Cancer, Scirrhus, Ulcers, etc.-King says:-"An inspissated
juice of the leaves has been recommended in indolent ulcers, and as
a remedy in cancer." According to Coe: "Phytolaccin has been
much employed in the treatment of carcinomatous affections. It is
undoubtedly as efficient an alterative as can be safely employed in
that disease; its beneficial effects are most apparent in cases of open
cancer. The patient's system should be freely brought under its
constitutional influence, and the dry Phytolaccin applied to the ulcer.
The Phytolaccin applied either in the form of a paste with water, or
in strong alcholic tincture, has been found quite effectual in that
species of cancer known as lupus, when used in the early stages."
Other eclectic physicians advise the use of Phytolacca decandra
in old, indolent, and fistulous ulcers, both as an external and internal
remedy. I have found it fully equal to our best anti-psorics, in the
treatment of old ulcers, even when of a syphilitic nature; in this
respect it is a congener of Silicia, Lachesis, Arsenicum, Kali hydri-
odicum, Kali bichromicum, and Sulphur.
772
NEW REMEDIES.
Skin.-A small boil behind the right ear; suppuration of painless
tumors; drawing sensation in cicatrices; pustule behind right ear;
painful boil on the right side of the back; eruptive spots on the chest of
the size of lentils, elevated, with great itching.* Itching of the left
leg, on the calf, afterwards present in the right leg, accompanied the
latter part of the time with a lichen-like eruption. The itching last-
ed two or three weeks, and was always worse in the first part of the
night, often hindering me from falling asleep until midnight.-(Fel-
ows.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. W. S. Searle,† says of the Phyto-
lacca "It is an excellent remedy for boils, and similar eruptions.
I have never failed to cure the disposition to boils, since I commenced
its use.
In one case of six months standing, and when there then ex-
isted a boil as large and hard as my fist, it was tried empirically by
my patient, in teaspoonful doses of the tincture, with the happy result
of curing him of every symptom within 48 hours, and he has never had
return of the disease."
66
We have a large amount of reliable testimony from various
sources in relation to the curative action of Phytolacca in cu-
taneous discases. King asserts its usefulness, and advises an oint-
ment of the pulverized root or leaves in psora, tinea capitis, etc., in
connection with its internal administration. Scudder says: In
ringworm, scabies, shingles, etc., it may be regarded, almost in the
light of a specific. At all events it has but few equals." Coe states
that "salt-rheum, itch, and other cutaneous eruptions have been
cured with Phytolaccin. It is to be employed not only internally
but externally." With the country people it has considerable repu-
tation for the cure of obstinate cutaneous diseases. It seems most
successful in itch, usually prepared by stewing the bruised root in
lard; this is applied several times a day. I have known this to cure an
obstinate and disgusting disease of the scalp, resembling tinea.
When the ointment or concentrated alcoholic tincture is applied to
the healthy skin, it produces "burning and smarting pains," and may
even cause inflammation, vesication, and ulceration. It would seem
to act homoeopathically even when applied locally, like other escharot-
ics. Many homeopathic physicians value this medicine highly in the
treatment of chronic skin diseases. It is to be regretted that we
have no exhaustive provings with small and diffusible doses. I pre-
dict that it will prove a valuable anti-psoric as well as a polychrest.
Dr. F. B. Mandevillet reports a cure of scarlatina, in which he used
the Phytolacca with good effect, after Apis mellifica, Kali bichromi-
cum, and Hyosciamus, had been used without benefit. The symp-
toms were :-Scarlatina anginosa ; fever rages with unwonted severi-
ty; no eruption; nose and upper lip much excoriated by an acrid dis
charge; slight delirium, great prostration." After giving the Phyto-
* Trans. Amer. Inst. of Hom.
† Trans. N. Y .Hom. State Society, vol. III., pp. 252.
+ American Homœopathic Observer vol. I.. pp 40.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
773
lacca, improvement set in, and in six days thereafter, the patient was
discharged. Dr. M. says he has used it several times, with the same
gratifying success. In the treatment of scarlatina the Phytolacca
is the analogue of Nitric acid, Arum triphyllum, Mercurius iodatus
and Kali bichromicum. Dr. N. Johnson reports very good success in
the treatment of measles, in cases where the symptoms appear to indi-
cate it.
Sleep.-Yawning; frequent gaping in the daytime; drowsiness ;
sleepiness; very wakeful at night; restless sleep at night; he lies
on the stomach; nausea on being awakened out of sleep at night; great
inclination to sleep; sleep is very sound; restless at night from pain
in the bowels; awoke crying from a very sad dream.
Restless, could not get to sleep until late; restless sleep during the
first half of the night, disturbed by coughing; in all, passed a restless
night; some fever, as reaction had taken place; was awakened by
slight jerking and twitching of the muscles, especially those of the
inferior extremities; I awoke with a lameness in the left side, near
the cardiac region, with much nervous restlessness; could not get to
sleep again for a long time.
It is said to be narcotic, (acro-narcotic); it will be indicated in the
stupor which accompanies some diseases of the bowels, brain, or
typhoid fever.
Sensorium.-Sensation of soreness in the interior of the head
deep in the brain; dullness of the head; stupefaction; transient gid-
diness; vertigo with dimness of vision; head feels very light and
hollow. The mind has been gloomy since I began taking it; more
irritable than usual.
Head.—Pains throughout the head; aching; dull feeling in the
head; dullness, with a sensation of weight in the forehead; dull
pain in the forehead; slight pain in the fore part of the head, with
increased sense of hearing; dull, steady, aching pain, principally in
the forehead; heavy, aching pain about the forehead, after dinner;
aching pain along the lower half of the right orbit; slight pain in
the tuberosities of the forehead; headache, with sickness of the
stomach from walking; one-sided pain just above the eyebrows, with
sickness of the stomach; the pain is increased by looking down and
by stooping; headache; slight fullness of the forehead, with con-
stant gaping; heaviness in the head and especially in the temples;
pain in the region of time and mirthfulness, on the right side in the
top of the head, and a sensation as if the brain were bruised, when
stepping from a high step to the ground; pain in the left temple, fol-
lowed by burning in the skin in the left region of time; in the left
774
NEW REMEDIES.
region of combativeness; cold in the head; pressure in the
temples and over the eyes; in the temples; in the forehead,
after dinner, in the glabella; on forehead and upper part of
both eyes, painful; on the temples, and constrictive feeling at
the præcordia, like the feeling that precedes sea-sickness;
slight pain across the forehead, with gaping; sore pain over
the head, worse on the right side and in damp weather, as if an
attack of sick headache were approaching; slight constriction across
the forehead; drawing pain in the right temple; moving, transitory
pains in various parts of the head, almost coustantly, generally on one
side at a time, but more frequently and most severe on the right side;
shooting pain from the left eye to the top of the head, which passes
off and returns at short intervals; heat in the head.* Dull, heavy
headache in the forehead-a constant symptom; sharp, shooting pains
in the right temple.-(Burt) A dull pressing pain in the forehead,
with slight nausea; nausea and headache continued to increase; cool
perspiration on the forehead; nausea and headache somewhat relieved
by eating, but soon returned, with increased severity; pain in the
head increased by vomiting; dull bruised pain in the occiput; cool
perspiration, especially on the forehead and hands; headache through
the whole head, of a dull pressing character; vertigo, dizziness, and
dimness of vision began to be manifest; vertigo and impairment of
vision increased; feeling of intoxication, on rising and walking about;
some headache, at times the whole head; again, only the temples,
accompanied with vertigo; again, confined to the occiput; aggravated
by walking or riding, but mostly by the former; headache at vertex,
with vertigo, while riding, continued while awake; heaviness or
weight in the head, extending down through the shoulders, chest, and
legs, with vertigo; a heavy aching in the head, with vertigo, and dis-
inclination to mental exertion; heaviness of the head, with a feeling
as if the back part of the tongue was burnt; a heaviness in the top of
the head; pressure in the top of the head, with dimness, which last-
ed an hour; pain in the back of the head.-(Fellows, Warren, Mar-
shall. Bahrenburg, etc.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Phytolacca promises to prove useful in
some varieties of rheumatic, catarrhal, and nervous headache. It will
probably be found useful in those terrible cephalalgias to which syphi-
litic patients are liablc.
Dr. Bahrenburg says, one of the persons who was subjeet to
weekly attacks of sick headache, escaped it for four months; it then
returned in a modified form.
* Trans. Amer. Inst. of Hom. vol. II.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
775
Eyes.-Shooting pain from the left eye to the top of the head;
pressure in the cyes; pressure around the eyes in the afternoon, as
if the eyes were too large; pressure over the eyes; some painful
pressure on the upper parts of both eyes and forehead: burning and
smarting sensation in the left eye, with great flow of tears; sensation
in the eyes, like that caused by horse-radish; smarting in the left
eye; sandy feeling in the eyes; itching at internal canthi of the
eyes, very severe, which caused the application of the finger to rub
the eye-the ball became very painful from the slightest pressure;
sensation as if a grain of sand were lodged under the left eyelid,
causing a secretion and flow of tears from that eye; smarting in the
internal canthi of both eyes, but worse in the left one, and very
much aggravated by gas-light in the evening; feeling in the eyes and
nosc, as if a cold would come on; soreness on closing the eyelids;
reddish-blue swelling of the eyelids, worse on the left side and in the
morning; cannot close the eye without pain, all the forenoon, better
in the afternoon; agglutination of the eyelids during the night; flow
of tears all the time from the eyes, relieved in the open air; photo-
phobia in the morning; dimness of sight; long-sightedness.* Great
smarting in the eyes and lids-(constant symptom); dull, heavy, ach-
ing pains in the eyeballs, aggravated by motion, light, and especially
by reading; sensation as if there was a feather over the sight; eyes
agglutinated every morning.-(Burt.) Catarrhal inflammation of the
left eye, with flowing of tears and photophobia; from low dilutions)
-(Neidhard). Eyes deeply sunk in their orbits. (Bahrenburg).
Eyes bleared and dancing, pupils contracted, and inferior lids drawn
down; eyes very much inflamed, with profuse lachrymation; eyelids
agglutinated and edematous, for two days; dimness of vision, ob-
jects appear indistinct; vertigo and dimness of vision increased.-
(Griggs, Warren, Lee, and Dr— )
A
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Phytolacca has a large number of
symptoms of a prominent and suggestive character, relating to the
eye, and affecting its various tissues; it is eminently indicated in
rheumatic, catarrhal, scrofulous, mercurial and even syphilitic opthal-
mia. I have used it with success in one case of rheumatic pain in
and about the eye, and another of chronic conjunctivitis with granu-
lation.
In the "Chicago Medical Examiner," is found the following
mention of the curative virtues of Phytolacca in granular conjunctivi-
tis. Although from allopathic sources, the testimony is worthy our
consideration. In this cure as in all others, the pathogenesis of the
medicine proves its homoeopathicity to the disease.
*Trans. Amer. Iust. of Hom., vol. II.
776
NEW REMEDIES.
Dr. C. S. Fenner, of Memphis, Tenn., in the N. A. Med. Chirurg.
Review, January, 1857, highly extols the efficacy of the Phytolacca
in preventing relapses of inflammation in granular lids. "Regarding,"
he says, "these exacerbations, accompanied with circumorbital pain,
soreness in the periosteum and scalp, as of rheumatic origin, about
two years ago, I was induced to try the poke, from its well-known
efficacy in rheumatic inflammations, and the result has far exceeded
my most sanguine expectations. With the aid of this remedy, I have
been enabled to effectually cure cases of granular conjunctiva, that,
without it, would have resisted all my efforts; indeed, with me it has
almost proved a specific for the exacerbations attending this com-
plaint. Patients fully under the influence of Phytolacca, often ex-
pose themselves, and take a severe cold, without effecting the eyes in
the least. Iuse the root in the form of a simple decoction or tincture,
and give it in large enough doses to produce fullness of the temples
and head; I have not yet seen a severe recurrence of acute inflamma-
tion in this disease, where the patient was kept fully under the in-
fluence of the Phytolacca,"
An allopathic physician claims to have effected several cures of
fistula lachrymalis, with Phytolacca. I cannot find the paper which
makes mention of it in such cases, and therefore the manner in which
it was used, is not known to me. But, as in granular conjunctivitis,
it was probably used topically and internally.
Ears.-Shooting pain in the right ear, very quick; pain in both
ears, worse in the right one; irritation in one of the custachian
tubes; a sensation of obstruction in the left eustachian tube, with
a rushing sound in the ear of the same side, and a feeling as if the
hearing were dull, while at the same time it is sensitive to the most
minute sounds; increased sense of hearing, with pain in the fore-
head.* Shooting pains in the ears, when swallowing.
Nose.-Drawing sensation above the root of the nose; feeling in
the nose and eyes as if a cold would come on; cold in the head
stoppage of the right nostril; coryza; flow of mucus from one
nostril, while the other is stopped; discharge of mucus from one
nostril at a time, sometimes one and sometimes the other; total
obstruction of the nose when riding, so that one is forced to breathe
altogether through the mouth, and cannot relieve himself by blowing
the nose.* Fluent coryza for two days; a sensation of a plug in the
throat, not relieved by hawking, which was displaced by an increased
discharge of mucus from the posterior nares; mucus detached with
difficulty; hawking continually; stoppage of left nostril.-(Fellows,
and Dr.-.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-Persons engaged in pounding or grind-
ing the root are generally affected with symptoms like severe coryza.
* Trans. Amer. Inst. of Hom. vol. 11.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
777
Even those engaged in making the second and third triturations of
Phytolaccin are similarly affected. It is a powerful irritant to the
nasal mucous membrane; it is indicated in acute and chronic nasal
catarrhs, also in ozæna, and syphilitic ulceration of the nose. It has
cured a small cancer on the alæ of the nose.
Face.-Paleness of the face; heat in the face after dinner; heat
on the left side of the face in the afternoon; heat, with redness of
the face, and a sensation of fullness about the head, and coldness of
the feet; eruption on the upper lip, left side; aching pain along the
lower half of the right orbit.* Sickly look of the face; dark yellow
color of the face and sclerotica; firm tetanic contraction of the masse-
ters.-(Warren, Griggs.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The insipissated juice of the berries,
applied to cancerous or scirrhus tumors, and ulcers of the face and
lips, has affected cures of such ulcers etc. It has been found useful
in prosopalgia, and rheumatic pains in the bones (periosteum) of the
face.
Month, Teeth and Tongue.-Small ulcers on the inside of the
right cheek, like those caused by mercury; tenderness and heat in
the roof of the mouth and on the tongue; flow of saliva into the
mouth; mouth fills with water; the saliva is yellowish, and has a
metallic taste; dryness of the palate in the morning; swelling of the
soft palate; slight feeling of smarting and coldness towards the tip
of the tongue. Shooting pains in the molar teeth of the upper and
lower jaws of the right side; disposition to bite the teeth together;
irresistible inclination to bite the teeth together.* Tongue feels
rough, with blisters on both sides, and a very red tip; great pain in
the root of the tongue, when swallowing; teeth all ache, and they
are very sore, and feel elongated (the same symptoms were caused
by Phytolaccin ;) metallic taste in the mouth.-(Burt.) Profuse se-
cretion of saliva; white coating on the tongue continued; secretion
from mouth, throat and salivary glands, much increased, and of a thick,
tenacious, ropy consistency; teeth clenched; lips everted and firm.—
(Fellows, Warren, Gregory and Lee.)
·
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-Some of the symptoms of the medicine
strongly resemble those of Mercury, even to the metallic taste, and
soreness of the teeth; it has been used with benefit in mercurial
ptyalisın, and mercurial pains of the teeth; it is indicated in inflam-
uation (rheumatic) of the gums, and buccal cavity; rheumatic odon
talgia, ulceration of the buccal cavity, and various forms of sore mouth
are amenable to its action.
Trans. of Amer Inst. of Hom.
+
778
NEW REMEDIES.
Dr. S. A. Merrill, of Council Bluffs, writes; I have made con-
siderable use of Phytolacca in difficult dentition. Have found it to
act in most cases like magic. In one very bad case, (my own child,)
I had for a long time tried everything that promised to be of service,
without any permanent relief. The following symptom, in its patho-
genesis, suggested its use to me. Irresistible inclination to bite
the teeth together, etc." Its administration was followed by prompt
relief. I have since used it in other cases with equal benefit. I used
it in the 12th dilution.
Pharynx and Esophagus.-Sensation in the pharynx like that
caused by eating choke-pears; pressing in the right side of the
throat; sore throat, and swelling of the soft palate in the morning,
with thick, white, and yellow mucus about the fauces, after the re-
moval of which the throat feels better, and still better after breakfast;
soreness of the throat, and a feeling when swallowing saliva as if a
lump had formed there; the same sensation is felt on turning the
head to the left side; the throat feels very dry and sore, especially
on swallowing in the afternoon; general soreness of the posterior
fauces, and apparent extension of the irritation into one of the eusta-
chian tubes; roughness in the pharynx; unpleasant sensation of dry-
ness in the pharynx towards morning, which makes him cough; great
dryness of the throat; dryness of the throat on going to bed; dry-
ness in the throat, worse in the morning; sensation of dryness of a
spot in the fauces on the left side, in the morning, continuing until
after breakfast.-(Trans. Am. Inst. of Hom.) Great dryness of the
throat; roughness in the pharynx (constantly); sensation as of a
lump in the throat that causes a constant inclination to swallow; sen-
sation as if an apple core had lodged in the throat; great congestion
and swelling of the soft palate and tonsils; the right tonsil is half as
large again as the left, both are of a very dark red; feeling as if a ball
of red hot iron had lodged in the fauces, and whole length of the
œsophagus, when swallowing; the pain was so great that I could eat
nothing but fluids for two days; constant choking sensation; roughness
and rawness of the throat; tonsils and palate congested, and of a dark
purple color; great pain in root of tongue, fauces, etc., from Phytolacca
and Phytolaccin.—(Dr Burt.) Throat dry at the larynx; sensation
as if the trachea was being strongly grasped; tonsils sore and some-
what swollen; redness and soreness of the throat; dryness, soreness,
dullness, and roughness of the throat all the time, with some hoarse-
ness, but not persistent; fullness at fauces and upper part of larynx,
with the sensation of a lid there, it was present until afternoon; dis-
position to hawk up mucus; a sensation of the throat being so full
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
779
that it felt choked; hawking to rid the throat and posterior nares of
mucus, which relieve the choked feeling; a sensation of fullness, and
as if something had lodged on the left side of the throat, from bend-
ing the head in writing, worse upon turning the head to the left;
vomited an acrid substance, which caused a feeling of scraping and
excoriation in the throat; feeling of warmness and excoriation in the
throat; sensation of scraping and rawness in the throat and tonsils;
sensation as if something had lodged in the throat at the root of the
tongue.-Marshall, Warren, Fellows, and Lee.]
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. - One of the most prominent symptoms
observed in all cases of poisoning with Phytolacca, is "inflammation
of the fauces ;" it seems to have a decided affinity for these tissues.
Dr. Burt wrote me during the time he was proving the drug, that it
it would certainly prove a valuable remedy in diphtheria, and his pre-
diction has been verified. A few weeks after his provings, Dr. Burt
had an opportunity of testing the virtues of Phytolacca in that dis-
ease. He reports the following cases:
Miss B., æt twenty. November 8th, had a severe chill at night,
with a great pain in the back of the head, back and limbs, followed
with fever and sore throat 10th. Was called to see her; found her
suffering very much, with great headache; worse in the back part;
back and limbs aching fearfully; both tonsils very much swollen,
and covered with a greyish pseudo-membrane; tongue very red at
the tip, coated white; great prostration; cannot stand; if she raises
up in bed, she immediately faints away; prognosis unfavorable. Gave
Phytolacca, four drops at a dose every hour, and a gargle of the same
between. Morning, decided change for the better. Continued the
same treatment for three days, when the false membrane came off,
and the fifth day discharged her cured. She took a large spoonful of
beef tea every two hours. She had no other remedy. It was re-
markable to see how quickly the fever abated under its influence.
Nov. 16th.-Throat commenced to feel sore
in the morning, followed by high fever all day; right tonsil very
much swollen; at noon commenced to see white substance forming on
the tonsil. I was called at 10 P. M.; found the right tonsil covered
completely with a white pseudo-membrane; fauces and soft-palate
very much inflamed; deglutition almost impossible; loss of appetite;
great frontal headache; bowels moved every two hours, with severe
pain in the umbilical region; great prostration, vertigo is so great that
she cannot walk. Pulse 127, soft. Gave Phytolacca, four drops every
hour, and a gargle of the same every hour, consisting of fifty drops in
a tumbler of water. 18th.-Very much better; pulse 100; throat
does not feel near as sore; false membrane beginning to come off;
back and limbs ache but slightly; headache nearly gone; continued
same treatment three days. Discharged her cured. The diarrhoea
Mrs. B., æt. 31.
stopped the second day.
* Medical Investigator. vol. II., page 30.
780
NEW REMEDIES.
"Miss H. æt. twenty-five. December 3d.-Had a severe chill in
the night, followed by high fever and sore throat. Took Aconite and
Belladonna all day, but continued to get worse. Midnight, I dis-
covered patches of pseudo-membrane on the tonsils; she complained
most bitterly of the back of her head and neck; back and limbs ach-
ing. Pulse 120; bowels costive; loss of appetite. Gave Phytolacca,
three drops every hour, with a gargle of the same between. 4th,
Noon.-Feeling better; continued the same treatment. 5th.-No
fever; feeling quite well, but thinks her throat is more sore; both
tonsils are swollen and covered in patches with false membrane; con-
tinued the same treatment, giving six drops at a dose. 6th-Feeling
a great deal better; pseudo-membrane is off of the tonsils; continued
same remedy every two hours for two days, when I discharged her
cured.
A.. Snyder, æt, thirty-nine. November 10th.-Throat commenced
to feel sore, with severe headache; back and limbs aching severely.
11th.-Was called to attend him, and found the following symptoms:
Throat very sore; both tonsils covered with greyish pseudo-mem-
brane, soft and swollen; palate and fauces violently inflamed; deg.
lutition impossible; severe frontal headache; back and limbs aching
severely; high fever; pulse 128; delirious at times; bowels costive;
has not slept through the night. Ordered fat salt pork to be put
around his neck, beef tea every two hours, and gave Phytolacca every
half hour; four drops at a dose, with a gargle of the same.
12th.-
Decided change for the better; pulse ninety eight; head, back and
limbs do not ache as hard as they did yesterday; throat feeling very
sore, but the false membrane does not seem to be spreading; continu-
ed the Phytolacca every hour. 13th.-Feeling much better; pseudo-
membrane commencing to fall off, leaving great holes in the tonsils,
that bleed a little; continued same treatment. 14th.-Pseudo-mem-
brane all off; tonsils are very much swollen, and look very red and
ragged; continued the Phytolacca for three days, once in two hours,
when I discharged him cured. I have given the Phytolacca in two
cases of children, and two in adults, where the pseudo-membrane was
well formed (but there was not so much fever), with the same gratify-
ing result. These are all the cases I have had this fall, and Phyto-
lacca has cured every one of them. I believe there is no medicine
in the Materia Medica to be compared to it in diphtheria, if the respi-
ratory organs are not involved. I had no cases where the air passages
were involved, to observe its effects."
Other cases reported by Dr. Burt to the "American Homœopathic
Observer."
"Mr. F., æt. twenty-six. Jan. 4th, 10 P. M.-Slight pain in the
left tonsil when swallowing; rested well until 2 A. M.; awoke with a
severe frontal headache; back and legs aching very hard, with high
fever and sore throat; could not sleep any more. 8 A. M., pulse
120 and very soft; head, back and legs are aching violently; throat
very sore; left tonsil very much swollen and covered with a grayish
false membrane; right tonsil has patches of the pseudo-membrane on
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
781
it; deglutition is almost impossible; great prostration; can stand up
only a few moments at a time, it makes him so faint and dizzy. Gave
Phytolacca, four doses every hour, with a gargle of the same, consist-
ing of fifty drops in a tumbler of water. 5th.-Feeling very much
better; fever nearly gone; head, back and legs do not ache half as
much as they did yesterday; pulse 100; throat is feeling very sore;
left tonsil is very much swollen and still covered with the pseudo-
membrane; the right one looks very red, with small patches of mem-
brane on it; deglutition almost impossible; continued treatment.
6th.-Feeling much better; pseudo-membrane is off from both tonsils;
they look very red, and the left is still swollen; no fever; slight ap-
petite; continued treatment. 7th.-Feeling quite well, but throat
pains him when swallowing; discharged cured.
"Mrs. G., æt. twenty-one, nursing a babe. Jan. 11th.-Throat
commenced to feel sore; had a very restless night. 12th.- Slight
headache, with a severe pain in her back and legs; very chilly all
the time; throat very sore; both tonsils very much swollen;
and covered in patches with a dark-colored pseudo-membrane; deglu-
tition very difficult; face very much flushed; great prostration;
cannot sit up any, she is so faint and weak; bowels regular. Gave
Phytolacca, four drops every half hour, with a gargle of the same.
13th.-Feeling very much better; feeling all gone; back and legs
do not ache any; throat is feeling very sore; tonsil very red and
swollen, and covered in patches with the pseudo-membrane; degluti-
tion is very painful. Continued same treatment once an hour. 14th.
-Feeling quite well; pseudo-membrane is off from both tonsils;
there are large holes caten into the tonsils; can swallow quite well.
Continued same treatment every hour; discharged her cured the next
day. The babc nursed her all the while and did not take the dis-
ease. I attended a lady once before who nursed her babe through
the disease, and it did not take it,
"Miss K., æt. 9. December 12th.-For the last two days has had
a fever, with chills all the while; throat has been very sore, and is
getting worse all the time; head, back and legs are aching constantly;
pulse 130; very weak and soft; soft palate, and tonsils are violently
inflamed and swollen; both tonsils are covered with grayish pseudo-
membrane; cannot swallow anything; very weak; cannot sit up; has
not eaten anything for two days,neither can she be persuaded to take any
kind of nourishment. Gave Phytolacca, two drops every hour; morn-
ing, feeling a little better; pseudo-membrane looks about the same;
continued treatment; morning, feeling quite well; false membrane is
all off, but the throat is feeling very sore; continued same treatment
one day more, and then discharged her cured.
"Little Henry, æt. 4. For two days has had a little fever and
sore throat; says he is cold all the time; refuses to take food; both
tonsils are twice as large as they ought to be, and covered in patches
with a whitish false membrane; pulse 118; very weak; he lies on the
lounge all the time. Gave Phytolacca, ten drops in a tumbler one-
half full of water; cured in two days."
782
NEW REMEDIES.
A young lad was taken with diphtheria, and treated by an old
school physician, and died. His sister, twenty-eight years of age, was
taken with it, three days after, and treated by an eclectic, and died
the fourth day. A young lady who waited on them was taken down
with it four days after the death of the sister. I was sent for, found
her with a very sore throat, and the tonsils and soft palate covered
with the false membrane, of a greenish color: both tonsils were twice
as large as they ought to be; neck was very stiff; pulse 128. She
was very much frightened, was sure she would die; hands and limbs
trembled constantly. I tried to quiet her, and gave her Belladonna
and Iodide of Mercury, every hour, in alternation. Morning found
her very much worse; fever the same, and still trembling.
I gave
one dose of Aconite, and then a gargle of a tincture from the green
root of Phytolacca, every half hour, and gave internally about six
drops of the same every hour. Remained with her through the day
and all night; morning, she was not so nervous, and the disease had
not made any progress; continued the same treatment; next day
about the same; continued same treatnient, but made it a little stronger.
Morning, decidedly better, the pseudo-membrane looks as if it would
soon drop off; continued same treatment. Morning, feeling quite free
from fever, and about a quarter of the membrane has come off; she has
a finc, scarlet eruption all over the body and limbs, but more on the
legs than there is on the body; urine is albuminous; continued the
same treatment every two hours. Morning, one tonsil (the right) is
free from the membrane, but looks very raw, and burns a good deal;
continued the same. Next morning, false membrane all gone; swell-
ing has disappeared, excepting the left tonsil; continued Phytolacca
This case was cured in a few days.
Dr. Burt says he has succeeded with Phytolacca in thirty-two
out of thirty-four cases of Diphtheria treated.
Case of Scarlatina, with Diphtheritic complications, reported by
Dr. Geo. F. Foster : I had an opportunity last week of trying
Phytolacca decandra, in a case of diphtheria, with better success
to time of curing patient than with Belladonna, Iod, Merc., etc.
as
"The patient, in the room with a scarlatina patient, was taken
sick; high fever, headache, etc., not complaining of throat for two
days, when the child's mother told me she complained of her throat.
I examined it and, sure enough, there was the trouble both sides
covered with the membrane, with rash on the body. I stopped
Aconite and Belladonna, and gave the Phytolacca decandra (tincture
root), fifteen drops in one-third glass of water, two teaspoonfuls at a
dose, every hour, with gargle of the same, three drops to a glass of
It was the quickest cure of the disease I ever made.'
water.
Dr. G. C. Brown says:*
:* "I have been experimenting a little with
Phytolacca in enlarged tonsils, and so far have found it very benefi-
cial. In two cases they were so much enlarged as to materially inter-
fere with deglutition, and had surface ulcers. Were speedily reduced
* American Homœopathic Observer, vol. I, page 168.
2
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
783
by the use of Phytolacca, a few drops of the tincture in a tumbler of
water; a teaspoonful every two hours."
Dr. C. W. Boyce reports that he has found the Phytolacca univer-
sally beneficial in diphtheritic sore throats.
Dr. Stearns uses the thirtieth attenuation, of Phytolacca, in diph-
theria, with striking curative results.
Since the appearance of the first edition of this work, the value of
Phytolacca in diphtheria has been verified by thousands of physicians
of the Homœopathic School in England, Austria, Australia, Germany,
and other countries as well as our own.
To Dr. Burt rightfully belongs the honor of first recommending
this remedy in the treatment of diphtheria. As stated in the first
edition, his recommendation was made to me during his heroic prov-
ing of the medicine. Those who undertook to sneer at the claims Dr.
Burt set forth for this medicine, may well feel abashed when they
see the great amount of evidence in its favor. Future generations of
physicians, and innumerable patients, will remember Dr. Burt with
heartfelt gratitude.
I have not space to record all the cases of diphtheria which have
been successfully treated with Phytolacca, and shall only give a few
of the most important.
Dr. John Doy, of Battle Creek, Mich., reports the following case:
"Miss A. Tonsils, very much swollen, covered wholly by the
false membrane; she was panting for breath; eyes staring, and her
condition dangerous and distressing; gave four drops of tincture of
the root every hour. Next morning, found her much better, and in a
few days she was convalescent. Several cases occurred in the same
neighborhood, and were all cured by Phytolacca."
The observations of Dr. Sherwin,* of Sidney, (Australia) go to
prove that another species of this plant is also useful in Diphtheria.
He writes:
Phytolacca octandra, growing in great abundance all around this
city, but not indigenous. This is a most valuable plant, used cither
internally or externally. It is specific in diphtheria-given in decoc-
tion or infusion-applied very assiduously to the fauces as a gargle,
and used hot and frequently repeated as a poultice to the throat; all
stiffness disappears; the membranaceous formation is thrown off, and
is not reproduced; perspiration follows; fever subsides; all aching
general pains and headache disappear, and the patient eagerly seeks
for food.*
Dr. D. S. Smith, of Chicago, reports:
"I have used this remedy with fine effect in ulcerated sore throats
where "Mercurious vivus," Mercurius Iodatus," and Belladonna, did
no good. Two ladies who are subject to yearly attacks of Quinsy,
and whom I treated with this remedy, said that never in their lives,
had they their throats cured in a such a short space of time. The
symptoms were: Large ulcers on one side of the throat, with a good
* British Homœopathic Review, 1865.
784
NEW REMEDIES.
deal of tumefaction and constant inclination to swallow. I used the
first decimal dilution, ten drops in half a tumbler of water. One case
which seemed to grow worse under Mercurius, got well immedi-
ately under this remedy."
Dr. A. V. Marshall writes:
"Mrs. Barnes came to my office with a sore throat; it was very
red as far down as I could see; tonsils swollen; throat felt very sore;
some cough; had been using some domestic remedies of an unknown
character for about four days, but her throat grew worse. Gave her
Phytolacca, three drops in three ounces of water, to take a teaspoon-
ful every four hours.
"While riding by her house three days afterwards, she said to
me: "Dr. that medicine you gave me, cured my throat right up."
Dr. Bayes, in an article entitled "A few remarks on the use of
Carbolic acid, and of the Phytolacca decandra, and Phytolacca octan-
dra, in Diphtheria,"* gives several cases in which he used these
medicines in alternation, and with good results; speaking of Dr. Burt's
description of the urine voided during his proving of the drug, he
says:
So
"This would point to the probability of Phytolacca proving valu-
able in the homoeopathic treatment of albuminuria with urine of high
specific gravity, and a copious deposit of lithates; cases which indi-
cate active conjestion or sub-acute inflammation of the kidneys.
far, also, its pathogenetic effects on the kidneys would show a direct
relation to the pathology of diphtheria and scarlatina, especially when
considered in relation to the throat symptoms, which are numerous
and important."
The first case treated by Dr. Bayes, with Belladonna and Mercuri-
us iodatus, Bromine gargle, and an application of a lotion of Muriatic
acid, died on the third day. The second case had the same treatment
for three days, but getting no better, was put on a gargle of Carbolic
acid and Phytolacca, as follows:
R. Tinct. phytolacca dec., tinct., gtt. vi.
Aq. dist., oz. is.; a teaspoonful every two or three hours.
The effect of the Carbolic acid lotion was admirable; it brought
away the membrane in large pieces, and appeared to exercise a most
happy influence over the subjacent mucous surfaces.
The Phytolacca also had a marked effect on the pulse, the general
health and the throat. This patient made a good recovery, but for
some time had paralysis of the throat, so that food and fluids would
sometimes run out by the nose. There was also semi-paralysis in the
legs, but in a few weeks recovery of health and strength was perfect.
The other cases he reports were:
"Another member of the same family was attacked on the 17th with
alarming severity, and for several days lay in great danger. Her
pulse was over 130, and very feeble; large patches of false membrane
appeared; the root of the tongue was much swollen, etc. In her
* Monthly Hom. Review, (British) November, 1865.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
785
case the Carbolic acid was used to destroy the false membranes, and the
Phytolacca mixture was given; but in addition, as she was able to
gargle, I carried out another of Dr. Burt's suggestions, and used a
gargle with fifty drops of tincture Phytolacca to half a pint of water.
She steadily improved.
In the same article Dr. Bayes mentions the use of another species
of the Phytolacca, by Dr. Sherwin. He speaks of this Phytolacca as
being "specific in diphtheria-given in decoction or infusion-ap-
plied very assiduously to the fauces, as a gargle, and used hot as a
poultice to the throat; all disappeared; the membranous formation is
thrown off, and is not reproduced; perspiration follows; fever sub-
sides; all aching, general pains and headache disappear, and the
patient eagerly seeks for food." This certainly applies equally to
the Phytolacca decandra. I substituted the Phytolacca octandra for
it in the second of these cases. but there was no appreciable differ-
ence in the effects; the desire for food, after taking Phytolacca for a
day or two was very marked; the patients took everything that was
offered with a relish.
Ultimately, every member of the family except the mother,
took the disease; three of the cases were very severe. They all
recovered.
The father was seized suddenly on August 24th with a chill;
next morning his throat was sore, and a patch of the diphtheritic de-
posit appeared on the tonsils. We put him under the same treatment,
and gave him stimulants freely, as there was a great tendency to
failure in the action of the heart. He was quite convalescent, how-
ever, on the 29th, and went down to the sea side on the 30th.
On August 24th, I saw another case in a young child unable to
gargle, and on the 29th, an elder sister. These were friends of the
former family, living about one mile distant, but I could in no
way trace contagion, nor could I discover how the disease had
originated.
The younger child had the Carbolic acid and the Phytolacca mix-
ture. The elder had, in addition, the Phytolacca gargle; both these
cases did extremely well.
·
On September 1st, I saw another case of diphtheria, a girl of 11,
living in quite another part of the town. Pulse 88, tongue much
turred, several patches of the diphtheritic membrane on both tonsils,
threatening to run into one another. This case I determined to treat
with Carbolic acid lotion alone. The throat was touched with the
lotion several times a day. It brought away many shreds for the
first four or five days; on the 6th, she was quite well.
On September 3d I saw a clergyman, of middle age, resident in
college, with severe diphtheria. Pulse 104, tongue and fauces greatly
swollen. I ordered him a Phytolacca mixture and gargle, and
fomentations, with spongio-piline to the throat.
On 4th, his pulse was down to 65, the throat still much swollen,
and a large patch of diphtheritic membrane over left tonsil and extend-
ing forward over the palate. I could not see beyond the tonsil.
50
786
NEW REMEDIES.
5th March. Less swelling; the uvula covered as well as the left
tonsil. As he feels much better, continued Phytolacca. Shreds of
membrane came away copiously in gargling.
The throat was quite well on the 11th, but the patient suffered
from profuse perspiration. Ordered Phosphoric acid 3d, twice a day.
In a few days he was perfectly well, and went to the sea side to
recruit. In this case there was no consecutive paralysis.
My conclusion on these cases is this:
That Carbolic acid lotion is the best means for removing false
membranes from those parts which can be reached by it.
That Phytolacca gargle possesses the same power; but I have not
yet treated a sufficient number of cases to be able to give an opinion
on their comparative power. Phytolacca is pleasant, and every patient
who used it said it soothed the throat and was comforting to it; while
all disliked Carbolic acid.
The wet pad of spongio-piline from ear to car, and changed as
often as dry or cold was very useful or comforting to the patient in the
early stage.
I gave several medicines for the paralysis, Woorari, Baryta,
Phosphoric acid, etc., but I do not think the effect was marked, and
they got well just as well with fresh air, friction, and cold water, and
a few doses of Arsenicum.
I think that Phytolacca will prove a most useful addition to our
remedies for diphtheria, and hope that my own small experience of its
value will induce others to test its powers. I have seen no cases of
diphtheria since those above recorded.
Dr. D. Matheson, of New Castle upon Tyne, England, reports :*
“I have used the Phytolacca in two cases of diphtheria, and it acted
like a charm.
Dr. Hughes, of Brighton, England, reports three casest of diph-
theria, treated with Phytolacca :
In the first case, "the throat was one mass of grayish-white de-
posit; the breath very foul; the tongue coated with a blackish-brown
fur; external glands enlarged; pulse 110, faltering; deglutition
almost impossible." Phytolacca in drop doses of the mother tincture
every hour. The next morning the deposit showed signs of detach-
ment, then loose pieces came away.
Monday, pulse 93; fur on the tongue white. Mucous membrane
could be seen through diphtheritic pellicle.
Tuesday morning, worse; pulse 120; tongue dry and brown, de-
posit spreading; in evening pulse 144; voice gone; died the next
morning.
Dr. H. thinks that it modified this case some, but that the case
was too far advanced before its use was begun.
The second case was a delicate looking woman about 30, looking
and feeling intensely ill; complaining of sore throat and pains all
over the body; pulse 120; diphtheritic patch on one tonsil. Gave
*Monthly Homœopathic Review, (England,) vol. 10, p 117.
+ Monthly Homœopathic Review, (England,) vol. 10. p. 169.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
787
Belladonna 1st, one drop every two hours. Next morning felt better,
but the throat was more inflamed, and the deposit had invaded the
other tonsil. One drop of Phytolacca, mother tincture, was given
every two hours. The next morning I found the disease declining.
two days after, the throat was well.
The third case was a child eight years old. A large patch of de-
posit on one tonsil with a fœtid odor. The pulse was 120. She had
Phytolacca, 1st decimal, one drop every two hours. She grew worse
for three days, Kreosote and Muriatic acid was given, and she died
the next day.
I do not consider these cases any test of the Phytolacca. Larger
doses should have been given, and a lotion of the same applied to the
throat.
Dr. W. C. O'Brien, (England,) communicates the following:-
"In diphtheria, Phytolacca promises to surpass all other remedies.
I have, during the past year, treated six cases with this remedy, and
out of the number only one died.
Dr. Edmund Blake, (England,) reports* a severe case in which
Phytolacca, (mother tincture) "evidently arrested the secondary de-
posit, when Belladonna and Mercurius biniodatus had ceased to be of
service." Two other cases recovered under this remedy.
Dr. H. W. Bubb, of Cambridge, England, reports* 13 cases of
diphtheria treated with Phytolacca. One case is reported in full-a
severe case, but it recovered. Of the other twelve cases, he says:
'In only one did I fear of the result. In this case there were traces
of the exudation for five days. She recovered on the 14th day.”
His treatment was as follows: "A poultice of spongio piline to
the throat; to use frequently a gargle of Phytolacca, (mother tinc-
ture,) one dram to the pint, and to take of a drop doses of Phyto-
lacca 6th, every half hour." He says:- "In conclusion, I must ask
my professional brethren not to despair, if immediate benefit is not
felt from the treatment, and, above all things, do not resort to other
remedies which have been tried and found wanting."
Dr. H. Rhodes Reed, King's Lynn, England, also reports four
cases :-
Case 1.—A child four years old; in advanced stage; both tonsils
much swollen; completely covered with dirty, white pseudo-mem-
brane; fauces and soft palate highly inflamed; tongue protruded,
thickly coated at back part, fiery red at tip; deglutition almost im-
possible; high fever; pulse 140; prognosis unfavorable; treatment,
a wet compress to the throat; gave Phytolacca, (mother tincture,) a
drop every half hour, for six hours; then if relieved, every hour. A
strong solution of the same, one part to three, to be applied to the
tonsils with a camel's hair brush, every two hours. After four doses
the child seemed to breathe more freely; after 12 hours the mem-
brane began to come away in large patches, and on the next morning
the tonsils were quite clean, but red and tender; cured.
* Monthly Homoeopathic Review, (England.) vcl. 10 p.. 240.
788
NEW REMEDIES.
Case 2.-Symptoms, some frontal headache; aching limbs; fever;
sore throat; difficulty of swallowing; three or four small patches of
membrane on left tonsil; both swollen; pulse 120; face flushed;
great thirst; Aconite and Belladonna for three days did not cause
any improvement; the membrane increased; gave Phytolacca, (moth-
er tincture,) three drops every hour; a gargle of the same; 30 drops
to a small glass of water, to be used every hour. Improvement soon
set in, and in three days discharged.
Case 3.-A girl, age 20. Both tonsils swollen, and completely
covered with pseudo-membrane; swallowing caused great pain, tongue
much furred, considerable fever and headache; pulse 110. Gave
Phytolacca, (mother tincture,) three drops every hour; gargle, 50
drops to half pint of water; cured in two days.
Case 4.-A patient of delicate constitution and consumptive ten-
dency. Gave Aconite and Belladonna, and then Phytolacca, but
the last remedy was left off, because he was "rather nervous about
the case," and Belladonna and Mercurius iodatus flavus was given.
“The case was a fortnight under treatment, but recovered, leaving
great prostration." A prompt recovery would probably have attend-
ed the use of Phytolacca and Baptisia in half the time.
The above three cases were all severe ones, and the action of
Phytolacca was evidently curative.
Dr. Baikie, of Edinburg, says of the Phytolacca :-" I have
found it useful in cases of chronic sore throat, with some degree of
inflammation, but without ulceration, especially if the inflammation
extended to uvula, palate, or schneiderian membrane.
Appetite and Taste.-Taste like nuts in the mouth-bitter at
first, but leaving a slight feeling of smarting and coldness toward the
tip of the tongue; raging appetite; hungry soon after eating, dimin-
ished appetite; the usual appetite remains, notwithstanding the nau-
sea of the stomach.*
Gastric Symptoms.-Eructations; eructations with spitting of
water; eructation, with flatus; violent pressure in the stomach on
waking in the morning, with accumulation in the mouth-disappears
after rising; constrictive feeling at the præcordia, with pressure in
the temples, sickly feeling in the stomach; nausea on being wakened
out of sleep in the night; feeling of sickness, as if he would vomit;
sickness of stomach accompanying the headache; vomiting, with but
little distress in the stomach.*
Stomach.-Cutting in the pit of the stomach, and in the abdo-
men; tenderness to the touch of the pit of stomach; pain in the
region of the pylorus.* Eructations of air; eructations of sour fluid ;
great distress in the stomach and bowels; pains in the cardiac portion
of the stomach, aggravated by a full inspiration and by walking; nau-
* Trans. Amer. Inst. of Hom.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
789
sea with severe pain in the umbilical region; slight nausea with pro-
fuse vomiting, without much pain attending it, but a good deal of
distress in the stomach; nausea and violent vomiting, (in dogs.) —
(Burt.) Heat in the stomach after taking the drug; vomiting of
abundant, dark, bilious substance, which came away as easily as in
Asiatic cholera; vomiting and purging, with griping pains and cramps.
in the abdomen; vomiting every 15 or 20 minutes; the passages were
without pain; aching pain in region of pylorus, which gradually worked
up into the chest, and right side; regurgitation of food; feeling of
weakness of stomach, causing yawning, with pain through the parts;
nausea, vomiting aliment; bruised and sore feeling at the pit of the
stomach; aching at the pit of the stomach; pain in back of head and
stomach; no nausea or emesis, in the cases of tetanus.-(Marshall,
Lee, Bahrenburg, Fellows, Warren, and Griggs.) Stomach feels
pinched together; severe pain in the stomach, and pressure; burning,
griping pains in the umbilical region.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The vomiting caused by Phytolacca
comes on slowly, preceded by nausea, much prostration, and some-
times fainting and convulsions. When the vomiting does set in it is
intense, thorough, and composed of bile, mucus, ingesta, worms, and
even blood. This medicine ought to prove useful in a variety of
tric affections, and disorders of digestion.
gas-
Liver, Hypochondria.—Digging pain in the right hypochondri-
um, in the upper and lower portion of the liver, preventing motion;
first felt at two o'clock in the afternoon, then every morning before
daylight; some soreness remaining through the afternoon and even-
ing; pain in the region of the pylorus; cannot lie on the right side
after midnight, on account of penetrating pain in right hypochondri-
um; violent, dull, pressing pain in the left hypochondrium, in the
evening, so that he cannot remain in the sitting posture, he lies on the
painful side all night and the pain is gone the next morning, *sore-
ness and pain in the right hypochondrium during pregnancy.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Phytolacca is recommended in
chronic hepatic disorders, also in diseases of the spleen. It undoubt-
edly has some influence over these organs, by virtue of its tendency
to irritate all glandular structures. It has cured soreness and pain in
the hypochondrium during pregnancy.
Abdomen.-Boring pain to the left and a little above the umbil
icus, continuing but a few minutes; deep-seated, but not severe pain
in the left iliac region; neuralgic pain in the left groin; cutting in.
the abdomen; griping pain as before a diarrhea; griping all day
long, followed by the passage of offensive flatus; the griping disap-
790
NEW REMEDIES
pears in the night; sensation in the bowels, as if a diarrhoea would
follow; rumbling noise in the bowels; frequent passage of wind down-
ward.t
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The physician who communicated to
me the following case, is the same as the author of the fragmentary
proving, his name I have lost. "Last spring, with Phytolacca decan-
dra, I finished a cure of chronic inflammation of the bowels, of 5 years
standing. The lady had been in the hands of several eminent allo-
paths, without benefit. I say finished, for I tried several previous
remedies, with only palliative results. Before the lady had faith in
my diagnosis, she quietly submitted to two examinations of Dr. Mott,
Sen., who told her the same that I had done. I left with the lady a
half ounce vial of the tincture of Phytolacca, and told her to prepare
her medicine every other day, fresh, by putting a few drops in half a
tumbler of water, and take a teaspoonful every two hours. I adopted
this course on account of her removal to a distance."
Stool and Anus.-Constipation of long standing; hard stools;
three stools during the day; the first one is hard, and preceded by
griping, and the others with pains moving about in the abdomen;
continual inclination to go to stool; mushy stool; diarrhoea attended
with a sickly feeling in the bowels, but no tormina or tenesmus;
copious discharges of bile from the bowels; in the middle of the
night, neuralgic pain shooting from the anus and lower part of the
rectum along the perineum, to the middle of the penis, followed in a
few minutes by a neuralgic pain in the right big toe. Constant dull
pain in the umbilical region, worse by motion; severe, colicky
pains in the umbilical region; rumbling in the bowels, sometimes
with desire for stool; burning distress in the umbilical region; bow-
els very tender on pressure, and pain severely when walking; stool
natural; stool soft and mushy, with undigested food in it, sometimes
with straining; dark, lumpy stool; soft papescent stool, followed by a
very faint feeling; wind passes the bowels constantly, of a very fœtid
nature; emission of flatus relieves the pain in the bowels; loss of
appetite; hiccough with great inclination to vomit, but no nausea;
nausea and violent vomiting but no nausea; nausea and violent vomit-
ing (in a dog); great rumbling in the bowels, with pain in the umbili-
cal region; great pain in the præcordial region, very much worse by
walking; great distress in the umbilical and hypogastric regions ;
stool soft and mushy; dark, papescent stools with undigested food in
them; pain in the umbilical region with desire for stool. (Burt.)
Diarrhoea for three mornings, coming at 2 A. M., and lasting until after
breakfast, the dejections were abundant and did not cease until they
†Trans, Amer. Inst. of Hom.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
791
were almost watery; very weak for several days, especially in the
abdomen, with diarrhoea, but little or no appetite; bowels very cos-
tive, they were loose before taking the drug; there was much flatus ;
no catharsis; stools thin and dark brown.-(Bahrenburg, Fellows,
Griggs, and Dr. —.)
Toxicological effects, trachea and lungs filled with mucus; stomach
highly congested at the base; colon and rectum appear congested;
liver highly congested; kidneys appear very much congested;
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Phytolacca is an emeto-cathartic.
It causes many of the symptoms of a severe attack of cholera mor-
bus. It is homoeopathic to some forms of cholera, diarrhoea, dysen-
tery, and hemorrhoids. In piles it has been found curative, (by eclec-
tics) in many cases, applied locally, and given internally, It is also
homœopathic to enteritis and colic. It has cured a case of "consti-
pation of long standing." I have prescribed it successfully in chol-
eraic symptoms.
+
Dr. Paine, (eclectic,) after asserting that the Phytolacca will
cause burning in the stomach, tenderness of the bowels, heat in the
rectum, tenesmus and bloody discharges, dysentery and hemorrhoids "
-gives his experience in its use: -"I have treated a large number
of cases of ulceration of the rectum, with remarkable success A
physician of note, who had treated himself and had been treated by
others, with all the ordinary remedies, for what was called a cancerous
affection of the rectum, applied to me some two years since, and I
placed him upon one-half grain doses of Phytolaccin, every two or
three hours, together with a nutritious diet
وز
and an enema of warm water every day. This treatment was con-
tinued for two or three months, and resulted in a complete cure."
Another bad case of fissure of rectum, was cured by similar treat-
This treatment has also been very successful in prolapsus ani
and hemorrhoids.
ment.
Dr. Paine's pathogenetic symptoms are very important, as show-
ing the homeopathicity of the drug to enteritis, dysentery, hemor-
rhoids, and many other diseases of the rectum. They prove also the
analogy this drug bears to Nitric acid and Mercurius.
Our school has seldom used it in these diseases, but its patho-
genesis certainly demands that its virtues in this direction should be
fully tested,
4
Urinary Organs.-Urgent desire to pass water; copious noctur-
nal urination; weakness, dull pain and soreness in the region of the
kidneys, most on the right side, and connected with heat; uneasiness
down the ureters; a chalk-like sediment in the urine; a gurgling
sensation in the prostrate gland, repeatedly in the afternoon; *pain
in the region of the bladder, before and during urination; * dark-red
urine, which stains the chamber of a mahogany color, and which is
792
NEW REMEDIES.
hard to get off ;* urine double in amount and clear as water; reten-
tion of urine.-(Marshal, Griggs.) The urinary secretion was at
first diminished, afterwards increased. The urine remained acid and
became decidedly albuminous. The specific gravity became greatly
increased. The bottle used to measure the urine became completely
covered with a white deposit, about one-sixteenth of an inch thick.—
Dr. Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The urinary symptoms in the original
proving were quite notable, but those elicited by Dr. Burt, are really
of great importance. The urine, under the usual tests, was decidedly
albuminous. When we consider how important albuminuria becomes,
in scarlatina and diphtheria, we can easily realize the full value of
Phytolacca in those maladies. It is indicated in many renal and cys-
tic disorders. (The above symptoms marked * are curative )
Generative Organs of Men.-Complete loss of all sexual desire
for two months; no erections during the whole proving; sexual
organ unusually relaxed; sharp pain running up spermatic cords;
continued pain in spermatic cords.-(Marshall.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It would seem quite homoeopathic to
impotence. It seems likely to prove a valuable remedy in syphilis,
although our provings do not bring out any objective symptoms.
The Cherokee Indians, it is said, used to dress venereal sores
with the powder of the dried root; and some physicians aver that it
will cure syphilis without the aid of mercury." If we are to credit
the testimony of eclectic physicians, it has not only been found cura-
tive in primary syphilis, (chancre, etc.,) but in secondary and tertiary
syphilis, (ulcers, eruptions, throat and nasal diseases, bone pains,
etc.) "For the cure of syphilis, and mercurio-syphilitic disorders,
the Phytolaccin is quite equal to any other organic remedy.
The severe pains attending tertiary-syphilis and mercurio-syphilitic
complications, are more effectually relieved by the use of this medi-
cine, than by any other remedy.—(Coe.)
*
*
It is said to be particularly useful in cases of chronic and obsti-
nate gonorrhoea and gleet. Dr. Small thinks highly of it in some
forms of syphilitic rheumatism, and I have found it promptly cura-
tive in many of thhe conditions mentioned above. It has cured
orchitis. (See Dr. Smart's case of rheumatism.)
In the homoeopathic school, we have had but little experience in
the use of Phytolacca in syphilitic eruptions. In conversation with
my colleagues, I learn that some of them have used it with apparent
benefit in chancres, as well as the ulcerated throat, and the peculiar
eruptions on the chin. Not having much of that class of practice
come into my hands, my own experience is limited I have, however,
used it successfully in syphilitic ulcers of the throat, after Nitric
acid and Mercurius had failed.
*Trans. Amer. Inst. of Hom.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
793
The only recorded experience in the use of Phytolacca in syphilis,
is from Dr. R. P. Mercer, who reports the case* of a woman aged 36,
who had been under allopathic treatment several days,
Symptoms." Severe pains in the arms and legs, from the elbows
and knees down to the fingers and toes, with oedematous swelling of
the affected parts; pain aggravated by motion or contact; feet and
legs covered with pale red spots, about the size of a dime, and a few
on the arms, face and neck. Sore throat with salivation." Rhus
toxicodendron was given two days, when she was "no better; has
two or three ulcers on the tongue; a feeling of fullness in the throat;
spots of sores on the genitals, which came at the time the spots
appeared on the legs, about a week ago, but says they do not trouble
her much." Gave Tartar emetic. The next day the pain and swell-
ing in the limb was better; spots fading. Tartar emetic continued
two days longer. "Limbs very sore and stiff, but pain all gone;
spots scarcely perceptible. Throat very sore, and ulcer on the geni-
tals, which, on examination, prove to be syphilitic, and very trouble-
some. Considering she had had Mercury enough before I saw her, I
left Nitric acid." But little improvement followed, and Thuya was
prescribed. In two days after, she was "better; had continued to
improve slowly until the 9th, (four days,) when, after attempting to
walk, the pain in the limbs returned, and she continued to grow
worse, in spite of Thuya, Mercurius 200th, and everything else that
I could select, high or low, until the 17th, when she was in a similar
but worse condition than when I first saw her; the chancres bad;
throat very bad. I gave her Phytolacca, three drops tincture in a
tumblerful of water, one teaspoonful every two hours." In two days.
she is reported much better, and continued to improve on Phytolacca
1st, until April 2d, (over two weeks,) when she was cured, except.
some aching and stiffness in the small joints, when exposed to cold
and damp, for which was prescribed Phytolacca 30th. Dr. Mercer
used a lotion to the chancres, at the same time, a few drops of the
tincture in water. He adds, very properly: In this case 1 believe
that the Phytolacca not only acted homoeopathically to the disease,
but was also antidotal to the mercury, which she had evidently had in
massive doses."
This case, so successfully treated, should encourage physicians to
test its virtues more extensively in syphilis.
Generative Organs of Women.-*Metrorrhagia; *menstrua-
tion too copious and too frequent; painful menstruation; violent
pains in the abdomen during menstruation, in a barren female; *leu-
corrhoea; *inflammation, swelling and suppuration of the mammæ.—
(Trans. Amer. Inst. Hom.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-All the above symptoms are marked
with the asterisk in the original proving. I have no means of ascer-
taining whether they were originally pure pathogenetic symptoms.
Hahnemannian Monthly, vol. 1, p. 478.
794
NEW REMEDIES.
The asterisk implies they were, but had been substantiated by curative
effects. The proving in the Symptomen codex, is not accompanied
by the name of any prover, or those persons who contributed clinical
notes. In the clinical observations I find the following: "Being
given in a case of chlorosis, when the leucorrhoea had been cured by
Pulsatilla, it brought the leucorrhoea back again." (Possibly?) It
always appeared surprising that eclectic writers should say so little
about the Phytolacca in diseases of women. I find no mention of its
use in that class of diseases, in King, Serdder, and others, yet the
extensive range of action of the medicine precludes the idea that it
will not be found useful.
In my estimation the sphere of action of Phytolacca is principally
upon (a) the glandular system, (b) the serous and fibrous tissues, and
(c) the mucous membrane.
Phytolacca has a specific effect upon the thyroid and mammary, also
parotid, and other glands of the throat, and by analogy ought to act
powerfully upon the ovaries and glands of the uterus (also the testes).
Accordingly it ought to prove curative in ovaritis, and other affec-
tions of those glands, such as neuralgia, etc.; in uterine leucorrhoea, or
that variety which proceeds from the glandular portion of the cervix.
Its pon erful influence over ulceration should make it curative in ul.
cerated os-uteri, whether of a non-specific, or specific character.
Finally, it should cure rheumatic affections of the uterus. The met-
rorrhagia and frequent menstruation mentioned above, may have pro-
ceeded from ulceration of the os; dysmenorrhoea from rheumatic irri-
tation, and the leucorrhoea may have had a glandular origin. In
organic affections of the uterus, as tumors, cancer, scirrhus, ulceration,
I would strongly advise the Phytolacca, internally and locally applied,
and its use persevered in for some time. The action of Phytolacca,
on the mammary glands is specific and decisive In No. 84, page 201,
of the British Journal of Homœopathy, will be found an article from
my pen, which covers this subject as much as the present state of our
knowledge will permit. I would urge upon physicians to test its vir-
tues in the various diseases of the mammæ. Since the article was
published, I have used it successfully in many cases of inflammation
of the mammæ, as well as tumors and nodosities in these glands:
"It is the intention of the writer to call attention to only one par-
ticular use of this remedy; viz., in certain diseases of the mammary
glands.
The various writers on Materia Medica of the dominant and
other schools not homoeopathic, while they recognize its value in
diseases of the glands, do not mention this particular sphere of its
action. In the homeopathic proving above referred to we find the
following:-
"Inflammation, swelling, and suppuration of the mamma."
But I am not aware that this symptom has ever been put to practical
test by homopathists, with the exception of Dr. Hill, who recommends
it in some diseases of the breast. (See Hill and Hunt's Surgery.)
My experience with the drug dates back nearly fifteen years, before I
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
795
had seen the proving referred to, or indeed any published statement
of its value as a medicine.
“When I was a student of medicine in my father's office (he was
then an allopath), a neighbor had a valuable cow, which, after a clan-
destine confinement, was brought home from the woods with a most
enormously swollen udder. It was as hard as a stone, intensely hot,
painful, and sensitive, and not a particle of milk could be drawn. In
much anxiety the owner came to his office and asked my father to sug-
gest something to discuss the swelling and engorgement. A dose of
Epsom salts was administered, but after twenty-four hours the cow
was worse than before. At this juncture an old woman of the neigh-
borhood brought in a piece of a large, white, succulent looking root,
which she called scoke, and ordered the farmer to cut a portion of it
up finely and give the animal in some "bran mash." Another, the
larger portion, was made into a decoction, and the cow's udder washed
with it frequently. The effect was magical! In less than twelve
hours the milk could be drawn, the gland softened, and in a few days
the morbid condition was removed.
"This incident was nearly forgotten until a few years after, when
I was engaged in practice, and was having trouble with mastitis and
abscess of the breast in persons of my patients. I found the remedies
laid down in our books notoriously and obstinately inefficient. In spite
of Aconite and Belladonna in high and low attenuations, the inflam-
matory engorgement would run on to suppuration. I then tried larger
doses and other remedies, among which the Kali hydriodicum was
most valuable; also topical application of Belladonna, Arnica, Iodine,
etc., after the manner of the dominant school, and will give them
credit of preventing much suffering and deformity. But I determined
on making a trial of the virtues of Phytolacca, and before I commenced
its use, made inquiry among the farmers of my acquaintances, and
found to my gratification that it was considered a specific in all cases
of inflammation and engorgement, caking" of the udder of cows,
and even mares.
66
The next case of engorgement of the mamme which came under
my care was an aggravated one. The woman, the mother of several
children, had had "broken breasts" with every confinement, and the
cicatrices in the glands bore testimony to the truth of her assertion.
About four days after delivery she had a severe chill followed by some
fever, and in a few hours both mammæ were hard, swollen, and pain-
ful. The child made ineffectual efforts at nursing, the nipples
became very sensitive, and she was in much distress for fear
of the inevitable sufferings apparently in store for her.
Here was a
case wherein to test the efficacy of the Phytolacca, Ten drops of the
first decimal dilution were administered every hour, and a lotion was
prepared by adding one-half oz. of the tincture to one-half pint of
water. This was applied constantly by means of folds of cotton cloth
laid upon the breasts. In the course of the next twenty-four hours I
had the satisfaction of finding some signs of resolution. The heat,
pain, and swelling became less, and in a few days, with the aid of
796
NEW REMEDIES.
low diet, and careful extraction of the milk, the woman recovered with
only a small abcess at the site of an old cicatrix, instead of cxtensive
suppuration as usual. Since that time I have used it in very many
cases, with the same excellent results, and it is only in the severer
forms accompanied with erysipelatous inflammation, that I have had
resort to Belladonna internally and externally.
But this Phytolacca is not only useful in simple and inflammatory
engorgement, causing rapid resolutions, but it is valuable in those
cases where suppuration is already commenced. Here it reduces the
inflammation, increases the activity of the absorbents, and will often
condense an apparently large abscess into the smallest dimensions.
It is often the case that neglected or ill-treated mammary
abscess degenerate into ill-conditioned, fistulous ulcers. In such
cases I have seen the best effects follow the judicious use of this
remedy.
Case 1.-A young woman, a primipara, very corpulent, with
very large mammary glands, was taken with chills and fever a few
days after confinement. The family were poor, and lived a long dis-
tance in the country; no physician was called, and nothing was
properly done, but very improperly the breast was poulticed for near-
ly two weeks, when several large abscesses opened spontaneously and
discharged enormous quantities of unhealthy pus. Six weeks after-
wards she came to me for advice. The breast affected was
a loath-
some sight, long, pendulous, distorted, the seat of large fistulous
ulcers, discharging a watery fœtid, ichorous pus; the gland was full
of hard, painful nodosities, of the size of a walnut and larger.
I suspended the breast by the application of long strips of
adhesive plaster, placed in various directions across and around
the gland, and prescribed ten drops of Phytolacca first, four
times a day; also a preparation of one-half oz. of the tincture to eight
oz, of distilled water, to be thrown in the fistulous canals with a small
glass syringe this treatment, together with better diet and a little
wine, so much improved the case in a week, that but one small ulcer
remained open; and in a fortnight the treatment was suspended. The
gland will never return to its normal condition, but will probably
retain its irregular shape and knotty feel.
“Case 2.—A woman, aged 40, applied to me to be treated for
what had been declared an open cancer" of the breast.
It origin-
ated one year previously, after the birth of her seventh child, and was
the result of a neglected abcess. The ulcer was an inch in diameter,
gaping, angry, filled with unhealthy granulations; a probe passed
obliquely downwards until it reached a hard sensitive tumor about
the size of a hen's egg; the discharge was offensive and sanious. The
case was treated by suspension and compression, and the use of Phy-
tolacca as above. Cured in two weeks.
Many similar cases might be cited, but these will suffice, as
they are good examples of the many cures made with this remedy.
It may here be mentioned, that the local application of this
remedy is useful in cracked and excoriated nipples. I should be
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
797
If the fissures are syphilitic in
given at the same time internally.
their origin, this remedy is still useful. I once treated a case of irrit-
able tumor of the breast as described by Sir, Astley Cooper. It had
been present several years, and was very sensitive and painful, most
especially at the menstrual periods; the pain extended down the arm
of the affected side, and at times causing a sympathetic enlargement
of a gland in the axilla. I administered Belladonna, Conium, Phos-
phorus, and Iodine, but without any good result, and the patient left
ine. A few months after, I learned to my intense mortification, that
an old woman had cured it with a plaster of the inspissated juice of the
berries of the Phytolacca. Since that occurrence I have treated
several cases successfully with the Phytolacca internally, giving the
lowest dilution, and sometimes the mother tincture. In once case I
permitted the patient to use a salve of the juice of the berries
mixed with mutton tallow. This she applied constantly over the site
of the tumor. Whether I hastened the cure or not I cannot say, at
least its application did no harm, although it seemed capable of
causing some vesications of the skin.
"
**
The same old lady above mentioned had quite a reputation for
curing cancers, " and with no other application, as I was assured,
than the extract of Phytolacca. I have known the finely powdered
root, when applied to fungous growths, have the effect of changing
such ab ormal into normal or healthy ulcers which soon healed.
I have found it useful in encysted tumors; in recent indura-
tions; and even in scirrhus of the breast; nor should I be surprised
if further trials should show it to be useful in cancer of the mammæ.
In those cases of irritable mamma where there is no swelling,
induration, or tumor, only a painfulness at the menstrual period, I
have found it specific in a few cases. The menses became more natu-
ral, and the pain in the mammæ ceased. The question here arises:
Why will it not prove valuable in certain diseases of the testicles or
the ovaries? When we consider the physiological relation of the
ovarics to the mammæ, we should incline to predict it will be found
useful in many ovarian diseases."
To the above article I would add, that the root is in general use
among dairymen in this country, to regulate any abnormality in the
milk of cows. If the milk be scanty, thick, watery, curdy (flocculent),
or contains blood or pus, or becomes in any way unnatural, they give
the green root, or a decoction in small quantities, and the effect upon
the milk is generally favorable. This should suggest its use in abnor-
mal conditions of the milk in women, giving it in the lower dilutions.
The higher might be tried in some peculiar cases.
Dr. Eadon, of England, mentions its use in a case of tumefied
mamma :
A servant, having nursed her child for a year and a half, is ad-
vised to wean it. The consequence was, the breast became hard as a
stone, and extremely painful. I gave her the Phytolacca tincture in-
ternally, and gave her the glycerole of the same medicine to apply ex-
ternally. The use of the remedy removed the hardness, reduced
798
NEW REMEDIES.
•
their size, and she was well in two days. I have used it with success
in other cases. In ordinary caked breasts' it is almost a specific."
Dr. John Drummond, of England, reports the following case.*
Mrs. C., æt. 35, consulted me on the 20th February, 1865. She
had suffered for three months from a series of abscesses in the right
breast, and there were six fistulous openings in it, from which milk
and pus escaped when any pressure was made upon the gland. The
skin was of a dark brown color, indeed nearly black in places, and she
had severe pain, which prevented her obtaining rest. She looked
pale and haggard, her appetite was very bad, indeed she loathed most
solid food; her pulse was quick, and she suffered from recking per-
spirations after the slightest exertion, and every night in bed. She
was poulticing the breast with linseed meal, and taking the Citrate of
Iron and Quinine. I ordered the medicine and poultices to be dis-
continued, the breast to be covered by two folds of lint, moistened in
a lotion made from sixty drops of the mother tincture of Phytolacca
in four ounces of water, and evaporation prevented by means of oil
silk over this. This application to be renewed four times in twenty-
four hours. Two grain doses of Silica B every three hours. Beef
tea, brandy and wine, to be taken in small but repeated quantities,
varied with any other nourishment she could fancy. She had at-
tempted to nurse on the sound breast, but as she was so weak, and as
she had little milk for the nourishment of her child, she was easily
prevailed upon to wean it. Under this treatment she rapidly recov-
ered. The pain in the breast began to subside in twenty-four hours,
and in three weeks the fistula had healed, and the breast was be-
ginning to assume its natural color. The woman's health rapidly im-
proved, the night sweats subsided, her appetite returned, and from
the very rapid improvement in this case, I believe this new remedy
will prove invaluable in these painful and often tedious cases."
Dr. Black, of Edingburg, says of Phytolacca decandra:
"The interest of this drug lies in three aspects of its operation-
first, its power over periosteal rheumatism; second, its specific action
upon the mammary glands; and third, its probable efficacy in affec-
tions upon the throat.
"I have not had much experience with it in periosteal rheumatic
affections; I have occasionally used it instead of Mezereon, of which
it seems a striking analogue. It has seemed to act well. In one case
it was of much service, as its administration obviated any injury which
might have resulted from a necessarily obscure diagnosis. In a baby
of a few months old, a succession of restless nights occurred simul-
taneously with the development of a hard tender swelling about mid-
way between the nipple and the sternum, but nearer the latter than
the former. Whether the inflammation was affecting some of the
elements of the undeveloped mammary gland, or whether it lay in
the periosteum of a rib, seemed doubtful. In any case, however,
Phytolacca was indicated. I gave it in the sixth dilution, and the
malady rapidly disappeared.
* British Homopathic Observer.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
799
"
'I have not tried it in acute mammary abscess, for which it bids
fair to become the leading remedy; but in two or three instances of
non-malignant mammary tumor it has not appeared to exercise any
influence.
Dr. O. H. Mann, of Ottawa, Ill., reports the following case of
mammary disease :
Mrs. aged 22 years, second child, delicate, nervous tempera-
ment, was affected the second day after confinement with excessive
flow of milk, the secretion being so profuse that it would saturate a
large sized napkin every two or three hours, besides what a large
healthy child nursed.
"Her nipples were so sensitive that when she put the child to the
breast, it produced intense suffering, seeming, as she said, to start
from the nipples and radiate over the whole body, going to the back
bane and streaking up and down it, causing unbearable pain.
"The profuse discharge was causing great exhaustion, and she
was becoming feverish and restless and unable to nurse. Prescribed
Belladonna and Calcarea carbonica, 3d decimal dilution, for twenty-
four hours, with no effect.
Examined the nipples the next day, and found them excoriated
and some fissured. Prescribed Phytolacca decandra, 1st decimal dilu-
tion, ten drops in a glass one-third full of water, a tea-spoonful every
two hours. To Phytolacca one part, soft warm water twenty parts,
to be applied over the nipples with a soft cloth, and stop nursing the
child for twenty-four hours. On my next visit I found no excess of
secretion, and the sensitiveness almost entirely gone. Patient said
she had stopped taking the solution after four doses, for fear of drying
up the milk entirely, but she had continued the application. Resumed
nursing, and had no more difficulty."
Larynx and Cough.-Tickling in the left side of the larynx,
with hacking cough, and aching in the right side of the breast and
great dryness of the throat; sensation of roughness in the bron-
chia; cough towards morning, from dryness of the pharynx; dry
bronchial cough, with the sensation of roughness and slight increase
of heat in the trachea and bronchia; hacking cough.-(Trans. A.
I. H.) Hoarse; dryness of trachea, with dry cough; very dry
cough; feeling of dryness in lower part of trachea and large bronchi;
dry cough, with but little expectoration; hard cough, occasioned
by scraping and tickling in the throat; hard cough, accompanied
by scraping and tickling in the throat.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems to be Dr. Burt's opinion that
when the diphtheritic membrane invades the air passages, the Phyto-
lacca is of less value, or none at all, but this remains to be proven.
If it is specific to the disease it may be curative of it, let it be
located where it will. It is said to have been used in asthma,
and chronic coughs, with benefit. Dr. A. V. Marshall writes:
"In February, 1865, being much exposed by my professional
800
NEW REMEDIES.
duties, I contracted a cold, which became very troublesome. I
made use of all the common remedies for about two months, and
still it became worse. I would cough all day and most of the night-
My nocturnal occupation would be to cough, gag and vomit. There
was a sensation of an ulcerated spot in trachea, just above the ster-
num, about as large as an old fashioned cent. Pressing my thumb
against this point, was the only way I could expectorate anything;
I felt
the expectoration would be a little pus mixed with mucus.
very uncomfortable. My health was failing. After being disgusted
with all remedies, Dr. A. C. Horton suggested Phytolacca. I put
three drops of the tincture in a tumbler of water, and took a tea-
spoonful every three hours. At the end of three days my cough
ceased; my throat felt better. I then discontinued the medicine,
and soon found myself entirely cured.
Chest and Respiration.-Shortness of breath; aching pain in
the right side of the breast; pain in the right side of the chest, about
the region of the nipple, passing through to the back, felt on taking
a long breath and on bending the shoulder backwards, better in the
afternoon; pain in the right side of the chest, so bad after midnight.
as to prevent sleep, aggravated by lying on the right side, disappears
after getting up in the morning; tenderness of the muscles of the
chest, as if they were bruised; occasional shocks of pain in the region
of the heart, and as soon as the pain in the heart ceases, a similar
pain appears in the right arm.-(Trans. Amer. Ins. Hom.) Awoke
with lameness in the left side, near the cardiac region; it was felt
upon motion and during expiration, continued for months. Respiration
difficult and oppressed; mucus rale distinctly audible anywhere in
the room.-(Fellows and Griggs.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Some eclectic writers suggests its use
in pulmonary tuberculosis, and analogy might suggest its use in ulcer-
ative diseases involving the lungs and bronchia, but we have no
clinical records of its successful use in such cases. I found it
beneficial in one case of intercostal rheumatism of several years' stand-
ing. It ought to prove curative, as the symptoms indicate, in some
rheumatic and neuralgic affections of the thorax and heart.
Back.-Pain in the left lumbar region, followed immediately by
severe itching; a lasting pain in the left shoulder-blade, as if from a
blow; an occasional sensation as if a small piece of cold iron were
pressed on the painful shoulder-blade; sensation of weight and
pressure on both shoulder-blades, as after carrying a heavy load;
stiffness in the right side of the neck, worse in bed, after midnight;
a very peculiar pressure and tension in the parotids; hardness of the
gland on the right side of the neck; suppuration of a tumor behind
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
801
the right ear, with a discharge of matter and blood; severe pain be-
tween the scapulæ, when walking; constant dull, heavy pain in the
lumbar and sacral regions, aggravated by motion; the back is very
stiff every morning.-(Dr. Burt.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is indicated by the symptoms, and
has proved curative in cases of "stiff neck," lumbago, and even
spinal irritation.
Upper Extremities.-Dull aching pain and tenderness along the
top of the right shoulder, along the superior edge of the trapezius
muscle, increased by pressing upon the part and by contracting the
muscle; pain throughout the muscles of the left shoulder; pain in
the humeral insertion of the left deltoid muscle; slight drawing pains
in the right upper arm; pain appears in the right arm after a similar
pain ceases in the heart; tenderness in the outside of the left arm just
above the elbow, when pressing upon it, and when extending the arm;
dull aching pain and excessive tenderness, as if from a bruise in the
muscles of the outside of the right upper arm, most severe for about
two inches above the elbow, felt particularly, when the part is pressed
upon and touched, and when extending the arm; twitching and flut-
tering of the muscles of the right upper arm, while it is resting on a
table; weakness and aching in the bone of the right arm above the
elbow, aggravated by motion and extension; rheumatic drawing in
the right forearm; rheumatic drawing in the left forearm along the
ulna, and the same sensation in the right leg; rheumatic pains in the
right hand, now and thon, by shocks upwards to the elbow; rheumatic
feeling in the little finger of the right hand, very annoying when
writing; rheumatic pain, first in the left hand, and afterwards in the
left one; shooting, like needles, in the left thumb; violent shooting
pain in the fleshy part of the left thumb, lasting about half a minute
lancinating pain in the little and ring fingers of the right hand;
neuralgic pains in the palm of right hand; occasionally frequent
sudden pricking in the points of the fingers, as if from electric sparks;
shooting in the finger-points, sometimes in one hand and sometimes
in the other. (Trans. A. I. H.) Arms ache; ends of the fingers all
throb and ache, as if they were going to suppurate, (this symptom
lasted three days).—(Dr. Burt.) Left shoulder ached; lame pain in
left side of the back, below the shoulder-blade, which finally reached
the spine and became pricking, sticking in character; aching of the
fore-arm, while in bed, seems to be in the bones, uninfluenced by
position; extremities stiff; hands firmly shut; spasmodic jerking of
arms and legs,—(Fellows, Lee and Griggs.)
;
51
802
NEW REMEDIES.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Burt recommends the Phytolacca
in whitlow, felon, etc, because of the remarkable similarity of the
symptoms. It is a popular domestic remedy in those troublesome
affections (the green root is applied raw or boiled). Dr. Burt has
cured warts on the hands with the tincture locally applied.
Lower Extremities.-Neuralgic pain on the outer side
of the left thigh; neuralgic pain in the external part of the right
thigh; neuralgic pain in the external part of the left thigh; neural-
gic pain in the left groin; heaviness in the lower extremities, as if
they were asleep, in the afternoon; rheumatic pain in the right knee,
in the afternoon, increasing in the open air, and especially on a damp
day; rheumatic drawing in the right leg and in the left fore-arm along
the ulna; rheumatic feeling in the left knee, with a sensation of
shortening of the tendons behind the knee when walking; rheumatic
pains below the knees and in the arms; pain on the dorsum of the
right foot at four o'clock in the morning; coldness of the feet with
increase of the capillary circulation about the face and head; free
sweating of the feet, most under the toes; neuralgic pain in
the right big toe, in the middle of the night; pains at a spot
on the ball of the right foot, which had been frost-bitten years
before, and in a corn never painful before.-(Trans. A. I. H.)
Legs ache, and feel very stiff about the knees, aggravated by walking;
weakness; could walk with difficulty.—(Dr. Burt.) A sticking pain
in left instep, relieved by pressure; sticking pains in ball of left foot
for half an hour; sticking, stinging pains in the extremities, from
without inwards, near the surface; feet extended; toes flexed.—
(Fellows and Griggs.)
""
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is stated that from the application
of the juice of the root to corns "the whole toe became inflamed and
turned black, like gangrene.' It seems almost incredible that this
should have been a direct result of the Phytolacca. It has been used
successfully in chronic rheumatism of the lower extremities; for
chronic inflammation of the knee joint, with or without effusion; and
in sciatica and nightly pains in the limbs. Syphilitic and mercurial.
rheumatism (periostitis) generally selects the tibia, as the chief point
of its operations. I have used it successfully in nightly pains in the
tibia, with nodes,.and even irritable ulcers on the legs. It will be
found useful in nearly all those cases in which Iodide of Potash is so
freely used in allopathic practice, and strangely enough is quite as
successful as that salt.
For the experience gained since the first edition, of Phytolacca in
rheumatic and neuralgic affections of the lower extremities, the cases
of Drs. Hale, Smart and others, recorded on a previous page, may be
consulted.
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA.
803 ·
Characteristic Peculiarities.-The pains all partake of the
nature of neuralgia; they are pressing and shooting, sometimes sore,
drawing and aching, the pains are all made worse by motion and by
pressure; the pains in the extremities are always in the outer por-
tions of the limbs; the secretion of tears, saliva, bile, urine and the
menses is increased; irresistible inclination to bite the teeth together;
vomiting attended with but little distress in the stomach; the diar-
rhoea appears to be kept up by the increased action of the liver, and
consequent redundancy of bile, with but little tormina and tenesmus;
with the increase of the secretion of bile, there is a dry, irritative
cough, and almost constantly recurring transitory pains in different
parts of the head. We find the symptoms predominating in the right
side of the head and neck, the right upper extremity, the right side
of the chest, and the right lower extremity; when enumerating the
symptoms of the eyes only, we find the left one most frequently men-
tioned; in the above extract there are forty symptoms located on the
right side, and thirty-one on the left. In several instances, the symp-
toms appeared on the left side first, and either passed over to the
right, or the next symptom occurred on the right side.—(Trans. Am.
Ins. Hom.) Pain less severe in the open air; all symptoms worse on
motion or in open air, except headache, which was better; all symp-
toms relieved on lying down, except throat and expectoration of
tenacious saliva; all symptoms relieved by eating, especially the
throat.-(Fellows and Warren.)
:
}
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
(Mandrake.)
ANALOGUES.-Arnica, Æsculus, Arsenicum, Bryonia, Collinsonia,
Helleborus, Iris Versicolor, Juglans cinerea, Mercurius, Nitric acid,
Pulsatilla, Sanguinaria, Veratrum album.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTON.- Height about one foot, stem round,
sheathed at base, dividing into two round petioles, between which is
the flower. Leaves broadly cordate, in five to seven lobes, each lobe
about six inches long, from the insertion of the petiole; two lobed
and dentate at apex; barren stems, with one centrally peltate leaf.
Flower pedunculate, drooping, white, about two inches in diameter.
Fruit ovate, oblong, large, yellowish, with a peculiar flavor, likened
by Wood to the strawberry.
It is an indigenous, perennial herb, with a long, jointed, dark
brown rhizoma, or root, about half the size of the finger, spreading ex-
tensively in rich grounds, and giving off fibres at the joints; inter-
nally it is yellowish. The fruit is fleshy, one-celled, one or two inch-
es in length, of a lemon color, with brownish spots when ripe, and
covered with a large, persistent stigma. The mucilaginous pulp
is edible, and esteemed as a luxury by many persons; it encloses
twelve seeds, in pulpy arils.
[The variety termed Podophyllum montanum, by Rafinesque,
grows in the South.]
Mandrake grows throughout the United States, in low, shady situ-
ations, flowering in May and June, maturing its fruit in September
and October,
The root is the officinal portion; the proper time for collecting it
is in the latter part of October, or early part of November, soon after
the ripening of the fruit.
The fruit possesses slightly laxative and diuretic properties, the
rind aud seeds being the medicinal portions.
The leaves are deemed poisonous, probably possessing the same
properties as the root.
Podophyllin is the resin obtained from mandrake, and is very
extensively used instead of the crude root. Dr. King, the eclectic,
claims to have discovered and introduced this preparation to the
notice of the medical porfession, It is a yellowish or yellow-brown
powder, insoluble in water, oil or turpentine, diluted Nitric acid, and
diluted alkalies. It is said to be composed of two resins, both of
which are purgative, one is soluble in alcohol only, the other in alco-
hol and ether. It has no alkaline or acid reaction, but forms a sapona-
ceous compound with the alkalies. It has a bitter, nauseous and acrid
taste. From four to eight grains act as an emeto-cathartic, with grip-
ing, nausea, prostration and watery stools. From two to four grains
as a drastic-cathartic, with nausea and griping; even one-half a grain
often acts as an active cathartic.
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
805
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the root; triturations of the
root; dilutions; tincture-triturations; Podophyllin and its triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-According to Rafinesque, the Cherokee In-
dians made great use of this plant. It was probably in use among
all the Indian tribes, and by them introduced to the early white set-
tlers. The aborigines used the root to expel worms. "The Chero-
kees" says Rafinesque, use it as a vermifuge, also drop the fresh juice
of the root into the ear, as a cure for deafness. The Osage Indians
consider it as a cure for poisons, by driving them through the bowels.
All the tribes are fond of the fruit. The history of the medical use
of this plant is mainly confined to the early botanic and later eclectic
physicians. A few allopathists like Barton, Tully, Zollicoffer, and
others, used it considerably, but it never has been a favorite drug
with that school. In the hands of incautious or ignorant physicians,
the Podophyllum and its active principle have been productive of an
immense amount of injury to the people of the West. I have treated
many painful, severe, and incurable diseases of the stomach and intes-
tines, uterus, and urinary organs, which could be dated distinctly to
over dosing with this potent drug. Next to Mercury, it is capable of
inflicting more injury to the human organism, when abused, than
almost any other drug in common use; yet eclectics denounce Mer-
cury in all its forms, while pouring this poison down their patients.
The original and only proving which has yet appeared, was made by
Dr. Williamson, of Philadelphia, and published in the "Transactions
of the American Institute of Homœopathy, vol. I." I shall make that
the basis of this article, and add thereto the pathogenetic and
clinical symptoms, which have been collected since that publi-
cation.
It has been used more extensively, perhaps, than any of the new
remedies, and is already looked upon by our school as a valuable poly-
chrest. I am indebted to Dr. E. J. Frazer, of Erie, Pa., for the
peculiar arrangement of the symptoms of this medicine. Under my
direction he has placed the primary and secondary symptoms in
their proper order, as nearly as our knowledge of the action of the
drug will permit. This should be done with every medicine, in order
to facilitate the study of its effects, and guide us in the selection of
the proper dose. Eclectic physicians, and of late, many of the allo-
pathic school, have come to look upon the mandrake as a sort of pana-
cea for nearly all acute diseases, and useful in almost all chronic
affections. With its enthusiastic admirers it ranks with Calomel.
Medical adjectives have been exhausted in describing its powers and
virtues. It is said to be cathartic, emetic, alterative, anthelmintic,
hydragogue, sialagogue, deobstruent, febrifuge, anti-periodic, diuretic,
etc., etc. It is a fact, that like Mercury it penetrates every nook
and cranny of the organism, and there is scarce an organ or tissue of
the body but feels its malign influence, when it is introduced into the
system in toxical doses. It has been used in nearly every disease in
the nomenclature, and it is said to have proved curative in those of
the most opposite character. I shall try to show in my clinical re
806
NEW REMEDIES.
marks the causes of its great popularity, and attempt to define its real
sphere of action. I will here remark that I shall use the statements
relative to the Podophyllum and Podophyllin, indiscriminately-as
I believe both to act in a similar (perhaps identical) manner upon
the system. The latter may not have as wide range of action as the
former, because it does not contain all the medical constituents of
the plant. To meet the requirements of an exact science, such as
homoeopathy aspires to be, there should be a proving of both prepara-
tions, but until we reach that desideratum we must do the best we
can. In the clinical remarks I shall designate as far as possible which
preparation was prescribed, in order that the physican may use the
same in similar cases. (I shall, for the sake of brevity, adopt the ab-
reviation "Pm.” for the one, and Pn." for the other preparation.)
TOXICAL EFFECTS.
The entire plant in its recent state in an irritant poison, producing
vomiting, hypercatharsis, tormina, stupor, and bloating of the body;
the root recently dried, operates as a drastic cathartic and emetic,
when given in large doses, but the violence of its action is materially
modified by age. Several cases of poisoning by the fruit, in children
who had eaten the rind, have been brought under my observation,
but in no instance was a fatal result induced.
The following narrative of cases by Dr. D. C. Owen, which I take
from the "Chicago Medical Examiner," are of interest, as showing
the principal toxical effect of the medicine :-" On the 4th of August,
1860, I was called upon to visit two children of H. C., who, the mes-
senger said, were vomiting themselves to death. I inquired what
the children had been eating or taking. He replied, that the parents
thought the vomiting was caused by May-apples, which the children
had eaten in the morning. I drove briskly on, and arrived at the
place in, perhaps, half an hour, where I found two very pretty little
girls, aged respectively, six and eight years, stretched upon their
beds; bathed in cold perspiration; their faces pale as corpses; eyes
sunken in their orbits; noses pinched; pulse very weak, and scarcely
perceptible at the wrist; great thirst; and the stomach contracting
so hard and rapidly, in efforts to vomit, that the wrenching pain would
cause them to utter sharp screams, one after another, for five minutes
at a time, I was told that the vomiting had been going on for the
last four hours, almost without intermission, it being now 12 m. On
examining the matters thrown from the stomach, I found them to con-
sist, for the most part, of seeds, pulp, and membraneous covering of
the ripe May-apple, having the pecular odor of that fruit. I asked
them if they had eaten the rinds of the apples, They said no; but
they had used their teeth to rupture the rinds. I informed the
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
807
parents that the recovery of the oldest child was not to be expected,
owing to the prostration already produced; but that the chances for
the younger were much better. I gave the oldest, one grain of Sul-
phate of Morphine, covered the epigastrium and entire abdomen,
which was tympanitic and very tender, with a blister; invited the
blood to the extremities with hot flannels and sinapisms; gave car-
bonic acid water, in small quantities, to allay thirst; and, as the
bowels had not been moved since the vomiting began, ordered an
enema of castor oil and molasses in warm water. To the younger I
gave, perhaps two-thirds of a grain of morphine, and ordered the same.
course as for the other, except that for the blister I substituted mus-
tard. They were now kept as quiet as possible for, perhaps, an hour
and a half, when the younger child was sufficiently under the influence
of the narcotic to fall into a quiet sleep. The oldest now vomited
again bilious matter mixed with blood-the bile dark green and very
thick, the blood dark and coagulated. She complained frequently of
burning sensation in the throat. Finding that the injections had
failed to move the bowels, I gave Hydrargyri sub-mur., gr.
xij., Morphine sulph., grain j. They were now
both getting
warm extremities, the youngest still sleeping. I left powders of Mor-
phine and Camphor, one of which was to be given after each vomiting,
should it commence again, or after each stool, should the bowels act
too freely. I directed the parents to do everything in their power to
maintain the proper amount of heat in the extremities; and, if the
means they were uscing were not sufficient to keep up the warmth
of the body, to use brandy by enema. For the youngest, I left
similar powders and directions, should she require them.
Called August 5th, at 7 A. M.-Found the oldest past all
hope the eyes glazed and motionless, the death-rattle in her throat,
the abdomen swelled almost to bursting, and the under jaw fallen.
At half past two o'clock she expired. I learned that she had contin-
ued to vomit thick bile, with more or less blood mixed with it, about
every hour through the night. The youngest child was considerable
better, although there was considerable tenderness over the stomach,
to remove which I applied a blister; gave Dover's powder to keep
her quiet, slippery elm water for drink, kept the bowels solvent with
sulphate of magnesia; and, by the morning of the 8th, she was conva-
lescent. I have endeavored to give a simple statement of the facts
in the above cases, as they occurred; and I will decline making
comments, more than to say, that, after seeing the deleterious effects
of the May-apple in these cases, I would not recommend them as
608
NEW REMEDIES.
being the healthiest article of diet we can procure; and I have also
kept an eye single on the action of Podophyllin.”
GENERAL EFFECTS.
Nervous System.-Podophyllum does not act specifically upon the
nerves, as does Aconite or Nux vomica. In this respect it ranks with
Bryonia, Aloes, and other medicines of the same class. The pains
induced by the Mandrake are probably myalgic in their character. In
idiopathic neuralgia, or indeed neuralgia in any form, it is of doubtful
utility.
Dr. S. A. Merrill, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, writes:
"I have apparently cured a very severe and protracted case of
epilepsy, of five years standing, in a woman 45 years of age, with this
article. I was called to visit her, (lives about 40 miles from this
place), about the middle of last April, while suffering from an attack
of lung fever, and while there prescribed the Podophyllum for some
difficulty of the stomach, which was complained of. About four weeks
after, I saw the husband, who informed me that the Podophyllum not
only relieved the derangement of the stomach, but also the epilepsy,
-which seemed to depend upon that condition. I received a note from
him yesterday, and he states that the cure seems complete and per-
manent. The paroxysms were very severe and lasted from half an
hour to an hour, and characterized by much violence, and a very
peculiar wildness of expression that was said to be frightful to wit-
ness."
Muscular System.-We have not sufficient proof, nor do we find
anything in the pathogenesis, which would lead us to suppose that
Podophyllum acted directly upon the muscular fibre, as does Bryonia,
Mercurius, or Helonias. To fully understand the action of Mandrake
and other similarly acting and depressing drugs, one should read that
instructive book, "Inman on Myalgia." I would suggest that Podo-
phyllum causes pains, cramps and other sensations and affections of
muscular tissue by (a) its irritating action upon mucous membranes,
and (b) by depressing action upon the vital power. According to
Inman, all drastic purgatives may cause myalgia, and even cramps.
and wasting of muscle. Viewing the action of this medicine as I do,
I cannot consider it indicated in rheumatism affecting muscles or ten-
dons. If it has been found beneficial in that disease, it has been from
some indirect action, and not from any specific effect. I have known
it to cause severe myalgic pains and soreness, and have found it cura-
tive in similar conditions, but never in true rheumatism. The Podo-
phyllin has the power to cause other pains besides those referred to
the bowels, stomach and other portions of the digestive tract. I have
known it to cause pains in various parts of the system, but I believe
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
809
them to be generally myalgic. Dr. Coe, whose testimony is sometimes
valuable, says: "Podophyllin is sometimes very tardy in its opera-
tion, not acting under eighteen or twenty hours, and frequently it will
operate more freely during the second twenty-four hours, than during
the first, In cases of chronic disorders of the liver, at others in the
spleen, and other viscera, considerable pain will frequently be ex-
perienced in the diseased organs during the operation of the medicine.
Sometimes the pain will be in the liver, at others in the spleen, again
in the kidneys, (medicinal aggravation), also in the back of the neck
and head, in the pleura, intercostal muscles, etc., (myalgia), but these
symptoms will subside with the operation of the medicine." He thinks
those are favorable indications, "showing that the remedy is at work
arousing the dormant energies of the system. It is not necessary,
however, to cause these pains, etc.
Mucous Tissues.-In its action on mucous membranes it ranks
with Mercurius, Iris versicolor, Veratrum album, and other drastic
cathartics. It is powerfully irritant to the tissues, especially those of
the digestive tract. It is not directly specific in its action upon the
mucous membrane of the respiratory and urinary passages. It will,
however, irritate and inflame any mucous surface when brought in
contact with it, sometimes actiug as a powerful escharotic. Of its
power to cause inflammation of any and all portions of the mucous
membrane from the mouth to the anus, there can be no doubt. Such
effects have been too often observed in practice, by all physicians who
have had an opportunity to notice its action when administered in
material doses. It even causes ulceration of this tissue, and may be
said to act as Dr. Freligh asserts of mercury-" as a solvent of the
living solids," but not to the extent of the former poison. Podophyl-
lum is homœopathic to enteritis, gastritis, etc., and even to bronchitis
and urethritis, under certain circumstances, which will be noticed
under appropriate headings.
Serous Tissues.-It is said to affect, by its "alterative action,"
the serous membranes of the body, and prove curative in pleuritis,
peritonitis, synovitis, and even meningitis; but its action in this
direction, is not, in my opinion, specific or direct, as is the case with
Bryonia.
Glandular System.-It is here that Podophyllum is a close anal-
ogue of Mercury, Iodine, Iris versicolor, etc. When taken up into the
circulation, it is climinated by the glands, and is thus rendered capa-
able of causing irritation, inflammation, and even suppuration of almost
any glandular organ or structure. To those who would thoroughly
810
NEW REMEDIES.
understand the action of that class of medicines termed " Elimi-
nants," I would advise a careful perusal of that masterly work,
Headland on the action of Medicines.” According to King and
others, "It produces a powerful and lasting impression upon the
glandular system and secretory organs, unequalled by any other
article." It is highly recommended and habitually used in scrofula, in-
duration, and swelling; also for inflammation and suppuration of glands.
It would be useless to waste our space in recording all the laudations
of eclectic physicians in relation to its curative action upon
the sys-
tem. Like the praises the allopathist bestows upon mercury, they
are too often based upon an unsubstantial foundation.
•
Vascular System, Fever. - Chilliness while moving about during
fever, and in the act of lying down, with perspiration immediately
afterwards; chilliness when first lying down in the evening, followed
by fever and sleep, which is disturbed with talking and imperfect.
wakings; fever attended with constipation; fever with incoherent
talking (W); slow pulse; scarcely perceptible pulse; pulselessness
and collapse. The primary action of toxical doses is to depress the
vital energies of the whole system, and therefore lower the action
(tone) of the heart and arteries, in a manner similar to Veratrum alb.
and its analogues. This will be seen by reference to the case of
poisoning recorded on a previous page of this work: • Podo-
phyllin exercises a remarkable control over the sanguiniferous
system, removing capillary obstructions, and equalizing the cir-
culation. Its exhibition is frequently followed by a decided increase
of temperature on the part of the skin, and patients sometimes imagine
that the medicine is going to induce a fever.* This fever sometimes
resembles the mercurial fever, as it is often accompanied by perspira-
tion, and pains all over the system. Taking the ensemble of the
symptoms, we have in the coldness, chilliness, heat, pain, sweat, etc.,
a very good picture of a febrile attack.
"
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Eclectics and other admirers of Podo-
phyllum in the regular school, make the sweeping assertion that it is
useful in the treatment of all fevers, and place in the same list those
of the highest and lowest grade, the sthenic and asthenic. This is so
manifestly absurd, that it were useless to spend time to show its
absurdity, but the opposite schools of medicine are so prone to deal
in generalities that we can expect nothing better of them. Podophyl-
lum is indicated and has been found useful in the following varieties
of fever.
Fever. When the following symptoms are present: "Chil-
* Coe's "Concentrated Organie Medicines.”
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
811
liness when lying down-or in the evening; chill in the morn-
ing at 7 o'clock, with pressing pains in both hypochondria, and dull
aching pains in the knees and ankles, elbows and wrists; back-ache
before the chill; the shaking and sensation of coldness continues for
some time after the heat commences; some thirst during the chill,
but more through the heat; the patient is conscious during the chill,
but cannot talk, because he forgets the words he wishes to employ ;
delirium and loquacity during the hot stage, with forgetfulness after-
wards of all that passed; violent pain in the head, with excessive
thirst during the fever; sleep during the perspiration; loss of appe-
tite during the hot apyrexia.
CLINICAL OBSERVATION. -The above symptoms are given by Dr.
Williamson, who does not inform us whether they are purely curative
symptoms, or pathogenetic and curative. He further says Podo-
phyllum is indicated in quotidian tertian and quartan organs, and for
"periodical diseases" generally. The practitioner, however, must
not expect too much of this remedy in intermittents. It cannot be
ranked with Nux vomica, China, Quinia, Cornus florida., or any of the
"anti-periodic" group of medicines which act curatively by virtue of
that power, but rather with Mercurius, Leptandra, Iris versicolor,
etc., which act as curative agents in intermittent fevers, by anoth-
er power, namely, of correcting the condition of particular
organs, as the liver, and thus removing the obstacles to a recovery.
In my practice, which was at one time extensive in a district cursed
with ague, I had ample opportunity to observe the action of Podo-
phyllum in this disease. I never found it of benefit unless the hepa-
tic, intestinal, and gastric symptoms corresponded with those of the
drug; when given for the symptoms of the fever alone, enumerated
above, it was not curative. In fact it would remove all the other
symptoms, and the paroxysms of fever would still occur in a modified
form. But if alternated with Ipecacuanha, China, Cornus, or Nux
vomica (in quotidian,) Arsenicum, Cedron, or Quinia (in tertian,) the
cure would be prompt and permanent. Those who are opposed to
alternation of remedies can use the Phophyllum first, and the remedy
afterwards. As the testimony of eclectic physicians may be interest-
ing on this point, I will quote: “In bilious fevers, either remittent
or intermittent, it not unfrequently arrests the discase, at the first
prescription, if given in the proper manner, or it so far modifies the
attack that the case becomes mild and manageable."-(King.)
Morrow makes the same statement, but says it is only indicated when
there is evident hepatic torpor or congestion. During the early
stages of most febrile diseases, particularly intermittent and bilious
remittent fevers, Podophyllin is an agent of superior efficacy.
single dose often arrests the severest attacks of fever."-(Jones and
Scudder.) "In the treatment of fever and ague, we almost invariably
precede the employment of the other remedies by the free exhibit
of Podophyllin. By so doing, in this climate, we cut the dise
A
812
NEW REMEDIES.
short at once, and oftentimes have no occasion for further medication
We have known many case of intermittent fever yield to a single dose
of the Podophyllin, and, we have no doubt, but the credit of the cure
is frequently due to this agent, where it is attributed to other means.'
(Dr. Coe.) The above embodies the general estimate of the eclectic
school, as regards the value of this medicine in agues. No writer
pretends that it has any actual anti-periodic power. It has been
noticed in many of our provings, that certain febrile and even painful
symptoms were decidedly aggravated, or had a tendency to recur at
certain hours in the day, or alternate days. This peculiarity renders
a drug an "anti-periodic." In the proving of Podophyllum, we find
that certain febrile and other symptoms, tend to occur in the morning,
but this I consider rather an indication of its remittent action. Future
experiments will decide.
In bilious fever, this medicine is an excellent homoeopathic remedy.
No other drug so often corresponds with the symtoms, particularly
when there is much intestinal irritation. It is admirably indicated
in the various forms of remittent fever; which in the west are con-
sidered bilious" in character. The febrile symptoms are quite
strongly marked, and may afford some data for the selection of this
drug, but we should be guided principally by the general symptoms.
As above stated, eclectic physicians, and of late many allopathic, are
enthusiastic believers in the power of Podophyllum, when given at the
outset of nearly all fevers, in cathartic doses, of arresting or "break-
ing up" such attacks. But I need not acquaint the homoeopathic
physician that such practice is sometimes fraught with the most de-
plorable consequences. When the patient is strong and robust, the
vitality of the organism may rally from its depressing action, or
medicinal aggravation of the malady; but if such reaction does not
take place, the fever, which may have been mild in its character, is
changed to a serious and intractable one. The intestinal irritation
which the Podophyllin sets up, will go on and withstand all the rude
means of the eclectic to arrest. In this way I have known simple rc-
mittents changed into enteric or typhoid fever. In irritative fever,
and infantile remittent, no remedy will give better satisfaction, not
even Mercurius. But it should be used with caution in all fevers
accompanied or caused by intestinal or gastic irritation. In these
cases it is primarily homoeopathic, and should be used in the fourth
and 6th dec. dil.; but should symptoms denote inactivity of the liver
and glandular system of the intestines, and constipation, with jaun-
dice exist, then the second or third dil. may be used safely.
In typhoid and typhus fevers, (enteric) the Podophyllum is
often indicated. It is quite as homeopathic to the irritation, inflam-
mation, and even ulceration of Peyer's glands, as Mercurius and
Arsenicum, but it is not so well indicated by the general symptoms;
namely, the condition of the blood, etc., as Baptisia, Phosphoric and
Muriatic acids, or even Leptandra or Iris. Dr. Hill, (Epitome) says
Podophyllin is the best remedy for the diarrhoea of typhoids. But
homœopathists can accept no such wholesale assertion. If the diar-
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
813
rhoea, in a case of typhoid, corresponds to the Podophyllum-diarrhoea,
then, and only then is it a specific remedy. The best writers in the
eclectic school are aware of the danger of giving large doses of Podo-
phyllin in typhoid and other low fevers, and all are particular to warn
the physician not to use it when there is much prostration or intesti-
nal irritation existing. Notwithstanding this, the physicians of that
and the old school, are generally so ignorant of disease, and so reck-
less of consequences, as to give this powerful drug in typhoid fever.
The consequences are, but few patients under that treatment have
vitality to resist the toxical effects of the drug and the disease. If
Podophyllin is prescribed in true enteric (or typhoid) fever, it should
be only the middle and higher potencies-the tenth and upwards.
The Podophyllum may be used lower, in the third or sixth. These
general remarks, I deem sufficient to point out the applicability of the
remedy in the various forms of fever. They will serve to guide the
practitioner in the selection of the drug by the special symptoms.
Even the exanthematous fevers form no exceptions.
Sleep.-Sleepiness in the day time, especially in the forenoon;
sleepiness early in the evening; restlessness in the fore part of the
night; distress after the first sleep in the evening; rising up in the
bed, during sleep, without waking; moaning in sleep with eyelids
half closed; *restless sleep of children, with whining at night; un-
refreshed by sleep on waking in the morning; too heavy sleep at
night; drowsy and difficult to wake in the morning; *a feeling of
fatigue on waking in the morning.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Stupor and even coma occur in cases of
poisoning with Podophyllum. The above symptoms form a group very
often met with in persons who are supposed to be "bilious," or have
"liver complaint." In other words, they are
In other words, they are common to hepatic
torpor, and are premonitory to many kinds of fever. The symptoms
marked *, are said by Dr. Williamson to be curative by this medicine
Skin.-*Sallowness of the skin in children; *moistness of the
skin with preternatural warmth.
In
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The two symptoms above, are the only
ones recorded as skin symptoms, and those appear to be curative.
I have never noticed any irritation or eruption of the skin appear from
its internal use. It is probably not homoeopathic to any cutaneous
disease. Its topical application, by virtue of its escharotic power,
results in redness, vesication, and even pustulation and ulcers.
It
forms an ingredient of the "irritating plaster" of the eclectics.
this manner of application it may prove locally homoeopathic, as does
Argentum nit., etc. I have known its abuse and prolonged use to
cause jaundice, but that symptom more properly belongs to another
paragraph. Like mercury, it causes a peculiar irritative fever, char-
acterized by heat of the skin, with moisture (fever with sweat). This
symptom may be of value, in aiding us in the selection of the
814
NEW REMEDIES.
medicine. Coe says the resinoid “ possesses a degree of escharotic
power, and when applied to fungous growths will dissolve them dowu.
It produces a rapid pustulation, which appears first in the form of
minute vesicles filled with a serous fluid which speedily changes to a
whitish or yellowish hue. This superficial inflammation is at the same
time quite severe. The pustules are slow in healing.'
""
Mental Symptoms.-Depression of spirits; imagines he is going
to die, or will be very ill.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-According to Dr. Williamson it has
been found curative in the delirium of fevers. Beyond this, we know
but little of its homoeopathic use in mental or emotional disorders. It
is evidently indicated, judging from its sphere of action, and has been
found useful, in depression of spirits, and hypochondriac state of mind
arising from hepatic disorder.
Head.-Giddiness and dizziness, with the sensation of fullness
over the eyes; momentary darts of pain in the forehead, obliging one
to shut the eyes; dullness and headache, with sleepiness in the morn-
ing; morning headache, with flushed face; pain on the top of the
head when rising in the morning; morning headache, with heat in
the vertex; pressing pain in the temples in the forenoon, with draw-
ing in the eyes as if strabismus would follow; stunning headache
through the temples, relieved by pressure; sudden pain in the fore-
head, with soreness of the throat in the evening; heavy dull pain in
the forehead, with soreness over the seat of pain; headache alternating
with diarrhoea; vertigo while standing in the open air; pain in the
left frontal protuberance, aggravated in the afternoon; vertigo, with
inclination to fall forwards; perspiration of the head during sleep,
with coldness of the flesh while teething; face pale as a corpse's with
pinched nose and a cold perspiration.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Williamson found the Podophyl-
lum curative in "rolling of the head during difficult dentition in child-
ren;" also the two symptoms marked with the asterisk. The head
symptoms are quite notable, particularly the "morning headache" so
common in bilious affections; also the "headache alternating with
diarrhoea "one of the most frequent symptoms in hepatic difficulties.
We have no proof that this drug will cause inflammation or congestion
of the brain or its meninges, but the symptom recorded above as cured
by Dr. Williamson "rolling of the head," etc., together with another—
wrongly placed under the head of teeth; namely, “grinding of the
teeth at night, especially with children during dentition," would seem
to point to irritation of the brain, whether idiopathic or reflex, we
cannot decide, but would suggest an intestinal origin. Dr. Bell* claims
to have used it successfully in cases of cerebral affections in child-
Hahnemannian Monthly, Vol. 1, page 181.
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
815
ren, when there was rolling of the head and grinding of the teeth.
He gave the 200th potency. Podophyllum has been much used against
brain affections by eclectic physicians, but in such large doses as to act
as a “revulsive" or "derivative" as they express it. I would not un-
dertake to decide that it could not cause disease of the brain it would
need a pathological proving to elucidate that point. I will quote some
eclectic testimony as to its value in their hands in brain affections,
and the reader may judge of the nature of its action for himself.
Prof. Morrow says: "In no class of cases has this medicine manifested
a higher degree of value, so far as I have been able to observe its
effects, than in those marked by strong determination of blood to the
brain, producing either congestion or incipient inflammation of that
organ. In several cases of this description, in the treatment of which
I have witnessed its effects, I was agreeably surprised to find every
trace of congestion eradicated by one or two thorough operations of
this article. It seemed to exercise a more completely controlling
influence on this pathological condition than any medicine I have
ever used for this same purpose." It was given of course in strong
cathartic doses. Still a mere cathartic would not have such a con-
trolling influence," and it may after all have exercised some specific
curative effect upon the condition of the brain; i. e., the small amount
of the drug which was absorbed. Dr. Coe, strangely enough, does not
say much about its use in brain diseases, as he considers it specific for
almost every other class of maladies. He says it does good, as a re-
vulsive cathartic, in congestion of the brain and apoplexy.
He men-
tions cne case however, where it acted mechanically with good results,
and if no better agent was at hand-cas'or oil, etc., the homeopathist
might use it legitimately. "In a child eight months old," he says,
we removed by means of lobelia and podophyllin one and a half
prints of solid casein. This matter so expelled was in a high state of
putrefactive fermentation. This case he says was pronounced con-
gestion of the brain," but with the removal of the morbid material
from the stomach, all the symptoms abated. and the child recovered.
In a case of jaundice, which had advanced so far as to cause a
comatose sleep, and partial insensibility, after every usual homœopa-
thic remedy had been tried without much effect, the Podophyllin, one
grain of the first trit., every half hour, removed all the dangerous
symptoms. Improvement commenced about the time frequent bilious
stools appeared. No bile had passed the bowels for nearly two weeks
previously.
Eyes.-Smaring in the eyes; drawing sensation in the eyes,
accompanying pain in the head; heaviness of the eyes, with occasional
pains on the top of the head; pain in the eye balls and in the tem-
ples, with heat and throbbing of the temporal arteries. Eyes sunken
in their orbits.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-In a conversation with the venerable
Dr. Hering, relating to this remedy, he referred me to a remark of
Dr. Barton (allopath); namely, that he had noticed that frequently
816
NEW REMEDIES.
after administering the Podophyllum-no symptoms appeared on the
same day, but the next morning, the eyes would appear inflamed.
This, according to Hering, would seem to imply that Podophyllum
was indicated in ophthalmias which appeared, or were aggravated in
the morning. It has been used as a collyrium in chronic opthal-
mia with ulcers on the cornea, and is probably as useful as any es-
charotic, for all act upon the law of similia.
Dr. Kendall, of Chicago, informed me he arrested the morning
aggravations in a case of ophthalmia from suppressed menses by the
use of Podophyllum 3d. It did no more, however, and Sepia restored
the menses and cured the eyes.
Teeth.-*Grinding of the teeth at night; the teeth are covered
with dried mucus in the morning.
I
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The first symptom above recorded
should perhaps be placed under the "Head" symptoms. However,
children often grind the teeth (adults also) from a disordered state
of the stomach, indigestion, acidity, and even hepatic disorder.
once noticed in a child to whom Podophyllum had been administered
by the parents, that each paroxysm of nausea and griping was pre-
ceded by "grinding of the teeth.” In this case this was a reflex
symptom proceeding from the intestinal irritation. The teeth are
said to become loose under the action of this medicine. (See mouth
symptoms.)
Mouth. Copious salivation; *offensive odor from the mouth;
*offensiveness of the breath at night-perceptible to the patient;
taste of fried liver in his mouth at night; sourness of the mouth
and tongue on waking in the morning; white fur on the tongue with
foul taste; putrid taste in the mouth.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--Dr. Williamson contributes the cura-
tive symptoms marked with a star. The effect of the Podophyllum
upon the mouth is quite specific and note-worthy. All writers
agree that it will cause symptoms like salivation. I have known
it to cause severe ptyalism in numerous cases, when abused by
eclectic physicians. Even in the 3d trit., this effect is quite
noticeable in persons who are subject to stomatitis, or have been
mercurialized. Dr. Coe says: "It has been said that Podophyllin
is capable of producing ptyalism, but we have never seen any
evidence of the fact in persons who had never taken mercury. The
only symptoms of salivation we have ever observed have been in those
cases where mercury has been taken at some previous time. Podo-
phyllin is powerfully resolvent, and by its peculiar excitation of the
glandular system will sometimes dislodge deposits of latent mercurial
atoms, and so bring about a season of mercurialization. Lobelia, Irisin
and Phytolaccin will frequently do the same." This is a species of
special pleading, often resorted to by eclectic practitioners, but it is
untenable. If these drugs will cause ptyalism when mercury is in
the glands it will cause the same symptoms when Mercury is not
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
817
present. The only difference will be that the presence of Mercury
renders the glands more susceptible to the action of these agents.
Podophyllin is homeopathic to ptyalism, even mercurial; to stoma-
titis and many inflammatory affections of the gums and buccal mucous
membrane. It has been found curative in "nursing sore mouth,”
"canker in the mouth." I have cured with the dilutions, used as a
wash, a case of chronic inflammation of the tongue, which was red,
dry, cracked, and often bleeding, and somewhat swollen. It seemed
idiopathic, as no gastric derangement was noticeable.
Throat. Sore throat, commencing on the right side and then
going to the left; soreness of the left side of the throat, especially
painful when swallowing liquids, and worse in the morning; dryness
of the throat; soreness of the the throat extending to the ears;
*rattling of mucus in the throat; *goitre; *sore throat, commencing
on the right side and going to the left.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The three curative symptoms are from
Dr. Williamson. The first is due to the excited secretory action of
mandrake upon the tonsils and mucous follicles of the throat. This
medicine has made undoubted cures of goitre in the hands of homœo-
pathic as well as eclectic physicians. The testimony on this point seems
conclusive, but I cannot say that I have ever seen much benefit from
its use in my hands, at least no such decided effects as follow the use
of Iodine, Bromine, and their salts, even in minute doses. Nor have
I found it of much value in tonsillitis, in which it is inferior to Phy-
tolacca or Iris versicolor.
Appetite.-Voracious appetite; regurgitation of food; loss of
appetite; indifference to food; satiety from a small quantity of food,
followed by nausea and vomiting; desire for something sour; thirst
towards evening; putrid taste.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The effects of Podophyllin in small
doses (of a grain) is, according to King and other, to cause increase
of appetite, and healthy digestion; but, in large doses, it causes dis-
gust for food, which if taken is regurgitated. Dr. Williamson cured
many cases of dyspepsia in which the above symptoms were prominent.
(See Gastric Symptoms.)
Gastric Symptoms, and Stomach.-Regurgitation of food; food
turns sour after eating; sourness of the stomach; acid eructations;
belching of hot flatus, which is very sour; acidity in the afternoon,
with an unpleasant, sickly sensation in the stomach; nausea and
vomiting, with fullness in the head; vomiting of food an hour after a
meal, with a craving appetite immediately afterwards; extreme
nausea, continuing for several hours; vomiting of food with putrid
taste and odor; heart-burn; water-brash; heat in the stomach; sen-
sation of hollowness in the epigastrium; throbbing in the epigastrium,
52
818
NEW REMEDIES.
followed by diarrhoea; gastric affection, attended by depression of
spirits; heat in stomach; vomiting of hot frothy mucus; stitches in
the epigastrium from coughing.-(Williamson.) The nausea begins
about two or three hours after the medicine, in material doses, is
taken; it continues sometimes with great severity, and with vomiting
of ingesta, mucus, and bile, for twenty-four or forty hours even.-
(Hale.) Great thirst, and the stomach contracting so hard and rapidly
in the effort to vomit that the wrenching pain would cause them to
utter sharp screams, one after another, for five minutes at a time;
vomiting of bilious matter mixed with blood, the bile dark green and
very thick; the blood dark and coagulated; vomiting of thick bile
and blood for eighteen hours.-(Dr. Owen.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From its effects in the case of fatal
poisoning, we should judge it indicated in acute gastritis, when the
pain and vomiting is unusually severe, and the matter ejected con-
sisted of bile and blood as described above. The nausea which at-
tends the action of mandrake, is particularly distressing. It is "lin-
gering and death-like, something like that caused by tobacco." It is
attended generally with severe and painful vomiting of bilious matter
as well as copious bilious and watery discharges, and severe griping
pain in the small intestines. when the dose is large.
The critical physician will readily see by the pathogenetic and cura-
tive symptoms above, that Podophyllin is indicated in many condi-
tions of gastric irritation, and even inflammation. Eclectic writers,
particularly mention that it is contra-indicated in gastritis, which
observation implies to the homoeopathist, that it will prove a valuable
remedy in some forms of that disease. Some physicians value it
highly as a homoeopathic remedy for many forms of dyspepsia. (See
curative symptoms above.) In many respects it is similar to Iris
versicolor, Mercurius, Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, and others, and will
rival them in the various affections of the stomach.
Abdomen.—Fullness in the right hypochondrium, with flatulence.
Colic with retraction of the abdominal muscles; pain in the transverse
colon at three o'clock in the morning, followed by diarrhoea; rumbling
of flatus in the ascending colon; pain in the ascending colon; pain
in the bowels at daylight in the morning, which is relieved by exter-
nal warmth and by bending forwards whilst lying on the side, but is
aggravated by lying on the back; the pain in the bowels is at first
attended with coldness, which is followed by heat and warm perspi-
ration; sensation of heat in the bowels, accompanying the inclination
to go to stool; sensation of flatus in the left hypochondrium; faint-
ness with sensation of emptiness in the abdomen after stool; cramp-
like pain in the bowels, with retraction of the abdominal muscles occur
ring at 10 o'clock in the evening, and again at 5 o'clock in the morn
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
819
ing, and continuing until 9; sharp pain above the right groin, pre-
venting motion in the last months of pregnancy; distention of the
abdomen; enormous swelling of the abdomen (in case of fatal poison-
ing.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The pains which are caused by Podo-
phyllum are not confined to the intestines, but extend to the
muscles of the abdomen. According to Inman, irritation of the
mucous coat of the intestines may, and does generally cause myalgic
pains and spasm. There is some similarity in the pains caused by
Plumbum and Podophyllum; but, the former drug acts directly upon
the nerves which govern the contraction of muscles, while the latter
causes pain and spasm in the same muscles by irritating a contiguous
mucous membrane.
Dr. Williamson recommends the Podophyllum in Colica pictonum
(lead colic), and eclectics claim to cure it with Podophyllum. Per-
haps the similarity of the two diseases may be sufficiently close to
empower the one to cure the other. I once attended a case of poison-
ing by Podophyllum, where the rectus and other muscles were drawn
into lumps or knots; the pain was relieved by "doubling up," and
very hot applications. Colocynth did but little good; Gelseminum, in
drop doges, gave some relief; I did not try Plumbum, having none
at hand. The colic caused by Podophyllum is generally attended
with diarrhoea or dysentery, and often with bilious vomiting and
diarrhoea. In Peritonitis, I do not consider it indicated, unless in
exceptional cases. Certain intestinal and myalgic disorders simu-
late true peritonitis and may be mistaken for it; in such cases the
Podophyllum may be useful.
Eclectic physicians consider it almost specific for Puerperal
Peritonitis, but it cannot be anything but injurious in that disease,
given in the heavy doses in which they present it. The allopathic
treatment of this disease shows some strange discrepancies. Some
writers claim that blood-letting, Verat. v., Antimony, etc., are the
only remedies; others rely wholly upon Opium, and narcotics; and
still another portion of that school place their faith upon Turpentine.
It is very probable that Podophyllin acts similarly to the latter drug.
According to Inman (see Treatise on Myalgia), inflammation of
serous membranes, as the pleura and peritoneum is not necessarily
accompanied with pain, and, myalgia or paralysis of the muscular
parietes of the abdomen is often mistaken for peritonitis. We have
the same intense burning pain in certain localities, (the attachment
of muscles) the same exquisite tenderness, and the same distention,
noted as belonging to puerperal peritonitis. Any treatment, says
Inman, which will give tone to the muscles, causing contraction of
the muscles involved, will restore the patient. This statement
accounts for the benefit which has accrued from the use of stimulants,
tonics, Opium, and even Turpentine and Podophyllin. The two first
give tone to the muscles-Opium gives them rest, which is so
necessary to a cure; and the two latter by a certain specific influence
820
NEW REMEDIES.
which they seem to have over our muscular fibre; for Turpentine
cures tympanitis, in small doses, too small to irritate the bowel, (it
causes tympanitis), and Podophyllin causes all the symptoms of peri-
tonitis, as will be seen by reference to the cases of poisoning above.
In the fatal case, enteritis could not have been present, for the time
was too short, and if the peritoneum was affected it was by the direct
toxical action of the poison. No post mortem baving been made of
the fatal case, we do not know whether peritonitis was present, and
the symptoms may have been due to some other lesion.
Liver and Spleen.-(1.) Feeling of fullness in the right
hypochondrium with flatulence; stitches in the right hypochondrium,
worse while eating; twisting pain in the right hypochondrium, with
sensation of heat, in the part; *fullness, with pain and soreness in
the right hypochondrium; chronic hepatitis with costiveness; pains
in the region of the liver. (2.) Sensation of weight and dragging in
the left hypochondrium, close under the ribs; sensation of flatus in
the left hypochondrium; pains in the spleen.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. It is difficult to decide whether all the
pains above mentioned are myalgic or really in the organs referred to
in the headings. Some of the symptoms are undoubtedly myalgic.
The curative symptoms of fullness, etc., has been so often verified by
Dr. Williamson and others of our school, that we may safely say that
it indicates hepatitis, or congestion of the liver. The "chronic
hepatitis with costiveness." is also a valuable observation. It is not
necessary, however, that constipation should be present; it is as use-
ful when that disease is attended with diarrhoea, or the two states
alternately. From many years, experience with, and observation of
the use of Podophyllin in diseases of the liver, I feel qualified to
venture the following observation relative to its pathogenetic and
curative action upon that organ. I believe the Podophyllum and its
active principle to be a direct stimulant of the liver. I am aware
that some of the most astute investigators of the allopathic school
deny that Mercury has any direct or specific action on that organ.
They would probably allege the same of the mandrake, but there are
certain reasons which I shall give further on, why I consider the argu-
ments against Mercury not valid in the case of Podophyllum. The
primary action of Podophyllum in large doses, is generally to cause
vomiting and diarrhoea of undoubted bilious matters. I have exam-
ined the evacuations caused by Podophyllin, in cases of jaundice,
which before its administration were completely free from bile, and
found that the green color was actually due to that secretion. The
examination was made with the most approved chemical tests. The
patient felt the action of the drug upon the liver, before it nauseated
or caused any intestinal irritation. (The dose was one-fourth of a
grain of the pure resinoid, triturated with ten of sugar of milk.) In
still smaller doses, third trituration, it will cause bile to appear in
the previously clay colored stools. I consider this medicine there-
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
821
fore primarily homeopathic to acute irritation, congestion and inflam-
mation of the liver, bilious diarrhoea, and hepatic pains. A further
proving is needed to give special indications. The powerfully irrita-
ting effect which this drug has upon the secretory functions of the
liver, enables it to cause such excessive action as may pass over into
passive congestion, chronic inflammation, suspension of function from
exhaustion, suspension of biliary secretion, and even retention of that
fluid. Podophyllum has been abused in the hands of eclectics as
badly as Mercury in the allopathic school. I have known it to cause
chronic hepatic diseases, as jaundice, enlargement, and even some
organic affections. There is scarcely an acute or chronic disease of
this important viscus, in which this meditine may not, in some of its
stages, be found useful. A careful study of our proving, together
with the observations of physicians of both schools, will give us
much information as to its sphere of action.
The dose in hepatic diseases, is a matter of great importance. I
believe an adherence to the following rules will give the physician
greater success with the medicine than he could obtain without them:
(1.) For the primary (acute) conditions, similar to those caused by
large doses of Podophyllum, give the highest and middle attenua-
tions. (The third or eighteenth of Podophyllum, and sixth or thirtieth
of Podophyllin.) (2.) For symptoms and conditions (chronic) simu-
lating the secondary effects, give the lower attenuations, and in rare
cases, even the one-tenth of the resinoids. (3.) In a few cases, as in
retention of the bile from obstruction of the gall duct, or in cases of
gall-stones, we must have the direct mechanical effects of Podo-
phyllum. In such cases crude doses are required. This is best
illustrated by the following case of "expulsion of gall-stone," reported
by me to the "North American Journal," vol. 12, p. 258:
In vol. 7, p. 304, of this journal, my industrious colleague, Dr.
Marcy, made mention of an empirical remedy for gall-stones," and
says: For the violent spasmodic pains which accompany their pas-
sage to the intestines, we have found the following treatment, derived
from an empirical source, eminently efficacious: As soon as the pains
have declared themselves, we give give the patient six ounces of
tepid Olive-oil, and then prescribe Nux vomica and Aconite in alter-
nation every half hour. We also apply hot water fomentations, and
occasionally a warm bath, when the paroxysm is not speedily ameli-
orated.' The case which I will now report is a very interesting one.
The patient was a young lady, residing in Chicago, who had
been subject for several years, to attacks of supposed gastralgia,
which would pass off in a few days under the use of anodynes, leav-
ing her slightly jaundiced. This attack had been much more severe,
and she had been under the care of two professors in the allopathic
colleges in this city for six weeks when I was called. They pro-
nounced the disease "neuralgia of the stomach." The character of
the pain had not changed, only to grow more severe since its onset.
She had been drugged with blue-mass, calomel, opium, Dover's-pow-
der and chloroform, and received only temporary benefit from their
822
NEW REMEDIES.
use. I found her emaciated, jaundiced, (her skin of the hue of bronze,)
tongue coated white; no appetite; headache most of the time; pulse
quick and hard, but small; urine very scanty, a yellowish brown
color, and was found to contain bile when the usual tests were
applied. The pains in the epigastrium extended to the right side,
region of the gall-bladder, and were remitting i. c., there were parox -
ysms of great intensity, but some pain all the time; excessive nausea,
when the pain became severe; constipation and diarrhoea alternated,
and in either condition the evacuations were now, and had been desti-
tute of bile for several weeks. At my first visit I was undecided as
to the pathological condition at the bottom of the difficulty, but
gave Aconite and Nux vomica. The next I decided that the malady
originated from the presence of gall-stones in the gall duct, obstruct-
ing completely the passage of bile into the intestines, and giving rise
to the interior pain; no relief had been obtained from the remedies,
and she had been obliged to resort to Chloroform all night. I now
resolved to try Dr. Marcy's treatment. Six Ounces of tepid
olive-oil were ordered, but she could only be induced to swallow three.
This was at 3 P. M., the other three ounces were administered. Nux
and Aconite were continued as before.
Third day-No improvement. She took Chloroform about half
the time, to get relief from the intense spasmodic pain; urine more
scanty, and of a deeper color; slimy, white diarrhoea, not a trace of
bile in the discharges; vomiting of mucus; no bile had been vomited
for several weeks. I ordered a hot bath. In the attempt to take it,
a very severe chill set in, with fainting; this was followed by some
fever. In the evening she became stupid, would not answer ques-
tions, and I feared she would go into coma. Dr Coe* gives the fol-
lowing treatment for gall-stones: He gives at bed-time a powder
composed of Podophyllin, grs. ij., Euphorbia, grs. j., Caulophyllin,
grs. ij.
The next morning, as soon as the nausea attending the ope-
ration of the powder has subsided, administer eight ounces of pure
olive-oil.' We have known," he asserts, as many as two hundred
of these concretious, varying in size from that of a small pea to that of
a hazle nut, to be passed after the administration of a single dose of
Podophyllin and the oil.' My patient was rapidly sinking, and I
knew that if the obstruction was not soon removed, the blood would
become irretrievably poisoned with bile. I did not deem it neces-
sary to follow Coe's practice. Podophyllin is the real agent which
dislodges the concretions from the gall-duct. This it does, I believe,
by increasing the expulsive power or peristalic action, so to speak,
of the gall bladder and its duct. The olive-oil may aid in relaxing and
dilating the duct, and carries the concretions through the bowels, after
they have been expelled. I accordingly gave one grain of Podo-
phyllin in the evening; she was allowed chloroform during the night.
In the morning she swallowed three ounces of olive-oil at 6 o'clock.
At 9 o'clock she vomited bile; at noon she had a free evacuation from
the bowels, of a bilious appearance. At 3 P. M., another bilious
•
* Concentrated Organic Medicines, page 247.
PODOPHYLLUM
823
PELTATUM
stool, and with it a discharge of several gall-stones-they fell into the
vessel with a metallic sound-as the nurse informed me.
All pain
ceased about the time she vomited, and did not return. The concre-
tions were round, about the size of a cherry, rough externally, yel-
lowish, and when broken in two, showed a radiating appearance from
a common center. No account was kept of the number passed, as the
nurse was somewhat negligent, and failed to collect them. In a few
days, under the use of Aconite and Nux vomica, the jaundice had
nearly disappeared; her appetite returned, and in two weeks she was
able to ride into the country, and has since enjoyed good health.
In the words of Dr. Marcy, I assert that this affords us example
where the consistent homoeopathist is justified in employing a
chemical and purgative agent to rid the system of foreign
substances, which nature is struggling to throw off. It is not disease
which we are to remove; not a therapeutic agent which we are to
administer.' I recognize three methods of restoring health; viz:
the chemical, the mechanical, and the homoeopathic. By the first
we can remove an irritating cause of discase, as by the use of
Nitric-acid in Oxalic-acid urine: by the second we can expel a
biliary calculus with Podophyllin and Olive-oil; and by the last-
the only law of cure-we can remove, with Aconite and Nux, the
hepatic inflammation consequent upon the passage of the stones. I
maintain that my treatment was as rational and scientific as that
of the surgeon who removes the spicule of bone or the musket-
ball, and then uses his specific remedies, and his surgical ap-
pliances,"
It is amazing to witness the vast confidence which the eclectic
physicians have in Podophyllin in nearly every disease of the liver.
They use it, almost indiscriminately, in the most opposite states
and conditions, and in functional organic affections of that organ. I
have not space to quote their observations and praises, but would
refer the reader to their works on Practice and Materia Medica. In
congestion of the portal circle, this medicine appears to have an im-
mense curative power, in which it is only equalled by Mercury and
Leptandra. In diseases of the spleen the Podophyllum has been found
useful. It may be tried in acute inflammation, or chronic enlarge-
ment.
Enteric Symptoms.-Stool earlier in the morning than usual, but
natural; frequent stools during the day, but of a natural consistence ;
six soft yellow stools a day, with some griping: (from grain doses of
the third trituration); profuse diarrhoea, worse in the morning; very
frequent papescent, yellowish stools for forty-eight hours; diarrhoea
early in the morning which continues during the forenoon, followed
by natural stool in the evening; evacuations of green stools in the
morning; diarrhoea immediately after eating or drinking; extreme
weakness and cutting pain in the intestines after stool; *painful
diarrhoea, with screaming and grinding of teeth in children, during
dentition; white slimy stools; *hot watery evacuations; stool watery
824
NEW REMEDIES.
frequent, profuse, and attended with prostration and cramps as in
cholera; muco-gelatinous stools, like white of egg, after which the
severe tormina ceased and did not return; *food passes the bowels
in an undigested state; copious evacuations, with blueness under the
eyes; *evacuations which consist of dark, yellow mucus, which smells
like carrion; frequent chalk-like stools, which are very offensive,
*with gagging and excessive thirst in children; *constant pain in the
lumbar region, which is worse during evacuation, and particularly
after stool; stools yellow, green or watery and brown; stools streaked
with blood; evacuations in the morning, attended with strong urging
in the bowels, with heat and pain in the anus; flashes of heat run-
ning up the back after stool; sensation at stool as if the genital organs
would fall out, (in a female); too much bearing down at stool, as if
from inactivity of the rectum; severe and painful tenesmus after a
watery stool; *chronic diarrhoea, worse in the morning; diarrhoea
with prolapsus ani at every stool, (in children); *descent of the rec-
tum from a little exertion, immediately followed by stool, or a dis-
charge of thick, transparent mucus, sometimes of a yellow color, and
mixed with blood; the prolapsus ani occurs most frequently in the
morning; secretion of mucus from the anus; the anus feels very sore,
sensitive and swollen; aggravation of existing hemorrhoids; several
hard, painful hemorrhoidal tumors around the anus, one of which
bleeds profusely, (all the preceding are primary symptoms); consti-
pation for two days after the diarrhoea; constipation with headache
and flatulence; the fæces are hard and dry, and voided with diffi-
culty; constipation and diarrhea; hard stool, coated with yellow,
tenacious mucus. (Secondary symptoms.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. It will be seen that I have arranged
the above symptoms in a peculiar order, different from that adopted
in the original proving. The plan of arranging the symptoms of a
drug without reference to primary and secondary action is much to be
deprecated. The entire symptoms ("stool," etc.) of all our drugs
begin with "constipation." Now, no one supposes that this is the
first symptom of all drugs. On the contrary, frequent and loose
evacuations are the rule.
The first symptom from even small doses
of Podophyllum is diarrhoea. It is not until the purgative action has
subsided, or the irritability of the intestines exhausted, that we have
constipation. In fact this medicine rarely causes constipation, and
then only secondarily. To avoid repetition, I have designated those
symptoms cured by Williamson and Jeanes with an asterisk, but all
of the other symptoms are of equal importance, and have all been
verified by clinical experience. I will briefly enumerate the disorders
of the bowels in which this drug is indicated, without a useless repe-
tition of the symptoms.
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
825
In
There are only two forms of diarrhoea in which this medicine is
secondarily indicated. I allude to that form which is accom-
panied by complete jaundice, and in which the evacuations are
clay-colored and very offensive; and the diarrhoea which alter-
nates with constipation, in some chronic hepatic disorders.
these varieties it will be found necessary to use the lower dilutions
and triturations, while in the former affections the middle and highest
potencies will act curatively. Dr. Jeanes has cured many cases of
relaxed bowels, when the stools were too frequent but natural, with
the highest attenuations of this remedy,
An
Acute and chronic Colitis is a disease which calls for the Podo-
phyllum. The symptoms of the drug and disease bear a remarkable
resemblance, as a comparison will show. Dysentery is one of the
diseases in which this medicine has been found most useful.
abuse of this drug, and even its moderate and careful use, in some
cases, is sure to bring symptoms of acute dysentery. It is useful in
chronic or acute dysentery, and in many cases will be found more
beneficial in all the stages, than any other agent.
One feature of the Podophyllum-dysentery, is the almost invaria-
ble presence of prolapsus ani, or a tendency thereto. I once attended
two children, aged respectively three and six years, who had been
dosed with Podophyllin by an eclectic. Dysentery was present in
both patients, and also prolapsus recti. The mucous membrane of
the rectum was red, inflamed and exquisitively sensitive. Drs. Jeanes
and Williamson noticed similar pathogenetic effects. I cured the
children with Nux and Nitric acid. Many cases of prolapsus recti
have been cured with Podophyllin, even when of six years' stand-
ing, and accompanied all that time with diarrhoea. Dr. Gatchell
gives the indications for this remedy in dysentery, "commencing
with a watery diarrhoea, terminates in a muco-sanguineous dysen-
tery, accompanied with sickness at the stomach. If the diarrhoea,
which preceded the dysentery, especially manifested itself early in
the morning, the case will be the more appropriate.” He advises
six drops of the tincture in six ounces of water, a teaspoonful at a
dose; which is to be repeated after each stool, until im-
provement commences. This prescription will cure many cases
of dysentery. This remedy is chiefly indicated in the so-
called bilious dysentery, in which the stools look like pea-soup,
and consist of a yellowish, greenish, or bloody mucus, having
a disagreeable odor, and accompanied with violent pains in
the region of the colon, rectum and anus; it causes and aggravates
hemorrhoids, and severe tenesmus, with prolapsus ani, especially
in children; sometimes nausea and vomiting go with the above symp-
toms. The active principle, or Podophyllin, at the third tritura-
tion, is often more effectual and prompt in its action, than the tinc-
ture. Altogether, it is one of the best remedies we possess for
the cure of dysentery, enteritis, and many other inflammatory dis-
eases of the intestinal track.
Cholera morbus, is sometimes treated very successfully by
826
NEW REMEDIES.
the use of Podophyllum. It causes, in large doses, similar watery,
flocculent discharges, very profuse and exhausting, accompanied with
cramps in the abdominal and flexor muscles of the extremities. In
this respect it is the analogue of Elaterium, Jatropha, Euphorbia
cor., Arsenic, and Veratrum. Asiatic Cholera, in some of its
phases, ought to find a specific remedy in this medicine. So abun-
dant are the alvine evacuations of serum caused by mandrake, that
Eclectics use it as a hydrogogue cathartic in cases of dropsy. In
Cholera Infantum it was found by Drs. Jeanes and Williamson to
be eminently useful. I have used it in a good many cases of this
disorder, as well as in diarrhoea from teething, and nearly every in-
testinal disease to which children are subject, and have found it
as useful as Mercury, Chamomilla, or Pulsatilla. In the bowel
complaints of children the practical physician is cognizant of the
colic with spasmodic retraction of the abdominal muscles, the
spasmodic tenesmus, and tending to prolapsus ani; all strong indica-
tions for this medicine.
Hemorrhoidal affections are admirably under the control of
Podophyllum. The specific affinity which this drug has for the
liver, portal system, and rectum, as shown in the pathogenesis,
enables it to cause hemorrhoids from portal congestion, chronic
hepatic affections, and primary irritation, congestion, and even in-
flammation of the veins and mucous membrane of the rectum. It
will be found useful in external piles-for those which bleed and
those which do not. The sensations it causes in the rectum, anus,
and hemorrhoidal tumors are similar to the effects of aloes, of which
it is a congener.
Dr. Richard Hughes says:
My experience with this drug is limited to its action on the ali-
mentary canal and its associated viscera. There is one form of that
very vague affection known as biliousness," in which it is very use-
ful. This is characterized by sickness and giddiness, bitter taste and
rising, tendency to bilious vomiting and purging, and dark urine.
Podophyllin, from the first to the third trituration, has generally,
in my hands rapidly removed these symptoms. On the other hand,
when biliousness means dull pain in the right hypochondrium, pale
and costive motions, loss of appetite, and depression of spirits, it will
resist Podophyllum, and yield pretty quickly to the third decimal
trituration of Mercurius solubilis. I cannot, therefore, agree to the
generalization which styles Podophyllum the vegetable Mercury.'
"What is the precise nature of the Physiological action of Podo-
phyllum upon the biliary apparatus seems to be very doubtful. It is
certain, however, that it exerts a specific action of an irritant nature
upon the mucous membrane, especially upon that of the small intes-
tine and the rectum. Our provings are confirmed in this particular
by the experiments of Dr. Anstie on animals, recorded in the Medical
Times and Gazette for 1862. I have found it act well in a case of
chronic duodenitis. In inflammatory irritation of the jejunum and ileum
it is invaluable, for I know of no other potent drug which affects,
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
827
specifically, this part of the alimentary canal.
The influence of
Arsenic and Kali bichromicum becomes weaker as the duodonem is
passed, to be renewed in the case of the latter at the colon, with the
former hardly till we reach the rectum. Mercurius corrosivus affects
the large intestine only. Podophyllum might be cautiously tried in
the enteric lesion of typhoid fever, with which it has at least a local
affinity. The same reason which makes it so valuable in affections of
the small intestine renders it unsuitable in ordinary dysentery, which
has its seat in the colon. In cases, however, where a dysenteric diar-
rhoea appears to depend upon inflammatory irritation of the rectum,
Podophyllum will give rapid relief. Such a malady is not uncommon
in children, and is accompanied with painful prolapse of the rectum
at each stool. Here I give Podophyllin at the third trituration; but
in the simple prolapsus ani from debility of infancy and childhood, I
have almost invariably seen beautiful results from the tincture of
Podophyllum in the twelfth dilution. In the same form, following
Dr. Jeanes (see Hale, p. 346), I have given it with perfect success
in cases where, in children, the stools are too large and frequent, but
natural in color and consistence.'
""
“In acute or chronic mucous or follicular enteritis, it is specifically
and primarily indicated. No drug, not even Mercury, so surely
causes these conditions. Whether the disease be present in children
or adults, the Podophyllum will be found promptly curative."
"Diarrhea, in nearly all its varied manifestations, finds a simili-
mum in the pathogenesis of this potent drug."*
Dr. S. M. Schell, of Chesterville, Pa., communicates the following
experience with this remedy and Leptandra in diarrhea:
Case 1.-"A boy, three years of age, chronic diarrhoea of three
months standing, (treated allopathically) without any good results.
The evening and night previous to being called to see the child, he
had fifteen passages, of a very disagreeable odor, and of the color and
consistence of tar. Gave 4 drops tincture Leptandra, in glass full
of water, desert spoonful every hour for four hours. The next stool,
natural. Cured in 12 hours, and well since-now one year.
2
Case 2.-Mr.; had chills and had taken great quantities of
allopathic medicines. When I saw him he was much debilitated,
sallow complexion, bad night sweats. Gave a few powders first of
Carbo veg., with some effect, and on examination again, gave Lep-
tandra 1st in powder, and the cure was rapid."
Diarrhoeas occurring in the early morning only, cured with Podo-
phyllum 3d, no failures. In one case, a boy, the stools were tar-like
but occurring only in the morning. Gave Leptandra, with no effect.
Then gave Podophyllum 3d; cure rapid."
Drs. Hering, Jeanes, Pretchs, and many others lay much stress
on the tendency to morning aggravation of the intestinal, and indeed
all the symptoms of Podophyllum.
Urinary Organs.-*Enuresis ; *involuntary discharge of urine
* British Journal of Homœopathy, No. 92.
828
NEW REMEDIES.
during sleep; *frequent nocturnal urination during pregnancy,
(primary effects); pain in the region of the kidneys, followed by flow
of urine with calculi sediment; *diminished secretion of urine;
*suppression of urine; scanty urine, with frequent voidings, (secon-
dary effects.)
it
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-All the above symptoms are marked by
Dr. Williamson as curative. They are also pathogenetic, as I pro-
pose to show by eclectic authority. I quote such testimony because
may throw some light on the action of Podophyllum ou the urinary
apparatus. King says it has been found useful in "incontinence of
urine, and some affections of the bladder ;" a very ambiguous kind of
testimony. Jones says it is almost specific in "incontinence of urine,
and useful in some renal difficulties." Dr. Coe writes, "in the sup-
pression and retention of urine, we have found the Podophyllin of
exceeding utility, as a radical remedy. We remember one case in
which the catheter had been used, on an average, twelve times in 24
hours, for four weeks, and which was promptly and permanently
relieved by a single dose of Podophyllin, rendering the further use
of the catheter unnecessary, In all derangements of the urinary
apparatus, Podophyllin will be found one of the best alterative diu-
retics that can possibly be employed. It operates not so much by
increasing the flow of urine as by restoring the secreting power of
the kidneys. It is very effectual in removing uric acid deposits, and
corrects the diathesis. Frequently during its operation, considerable
pain will be felt in the region of the kidneys, followed by a flow of
urine, highly charged with calculous sediment. It possesses also
diuretic properties." If this last observation is reliable, it would
seem to show that Podophyllin has some specific action upon the renal
organs.
Organs of Generation of Men.-Sticking pain above the pubes,
and in the course of the spermatic cords.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Podophyllin has seemed to pro-
duce but few symptoms, nor has it been used in homoeopathic prac-
tice in any of the affections of these organs. In the eclectic school,
however, it is used quite extensively for syphilis, gonorrhea, gleet,
and diseases of the prostate. We are left in doubt, however,
whether the medicine has any specific relation to those diseases, or
was used in a spirit of blind empiricism, and the maladies got well in
spite of the medication.
Organs of Generation of Women.-Retarded menstruation;
suppression of the menses in young females, with bearing down in
the hypogastric and sacral region, with pain from motion, which is
relieved by lying down; pain in the region of the ovaries, especially
in the right; after-pains, with strong bearing down; *leucorrhoea;
discharge of thick, transparent mucus; leucorrhoea, attended with
constipation and bearing down in the genital organs; prolapsus uteri ;
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
829
symptoms of prolapsus uteri, continuing for several weeks after partu-
rition, with rumbling of flatus in the region of the ascending colon ;
symptoms of prolapsus uteri, with pain in the sacrum.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Besides the symptoms marked as cura-
tive and pathogenetic, above, Dr. Williamson and Jeanes have cured
the following: " Prolapsus uteri-many cases; numb, aching pain in
the region of the left ovary, with heat running down the left thigh, in
the third month of pregnancy; ability to lie comfortably only on the
stomach in the earlier months of pregnancy; swelling of the labia
during pregnancy; after-pains, attended with flatulency." Other
homoeopathic practitioners have found the Podophyllum useful in
many of the diseases of women, especially when involving the uterus
and ovaries. It is still an unsolved question, in what way the medi-
cine affects the uterus; in some cases it would seem to do so by its
action on the bowels and rectum, as is the case with aloes. It is well
known that any drug which powerfully irritates the lower bowel will
cause congestion and even inflammation of the womb, by extension of
effect through contiguous tissues; thus, aloes may cause the above, as
well as uterine cramps, menorrhagia, prolapsus, etc. It is thought by
some that Podophyllum has a similar action, but it would seem from
our proving, as well as numerous clinical cases reported, that the
medicine must have some direct action on the uterus and ovaries.
Prolapsus Uteri et Vagina.*-CASE 1.-A lady who had lately
given birth to a still born child, of large size, with a serious loss of
blood, and had, undoubtedly, the symptoms of a severe prolapsus of
the womb; Arnica was given a few days, followed by China and
Carbo veg.; these greatly increased the strength of the patient, after
which I gave Mercurius 3d, four powders, and Podophyllin 3d, four
powders, on alternate days. In four or five days she was completely
cured.
Case 2.-A lady had been coufined about four weeks previously,
but had been suffering ever since, with violent bearing-down pains in
the region of the womb; intolerable pain in the back; great degree
of weakness; apthæ; and several scrofulous swellings about the
neck. On examination, I found a moderate degree of prolapsus,
swelling and induration of the os uteri, a profuse excoriating leucor-
rhoea, and great ardor urine. I gave, in this case, Mercurius sol.,
and Podophyllin, in alternation daily, which relieved in ten days the
prolapsus, and reduced the os uteri to its normal size. The aphthæ,
yielded at the same time to a great extent, Belladonna relieving this
symptom; Sulphur, Sepia, and Mercurius iodatus, removed the leu-
corrhoea, and swelling of the glands, in three weeks time. The 3d
attenuation was used.
Case 3.-Prolapsus uteri, brought on by a violent strain, seven
years ago; she was emaciated from violent suffering, loss of appetite,
cold and debilitating night sweats, violent burning in hypochondriac
region, extreme low spirits. Mercurius vivus 3d removed the night
* Dr. Powell, Amer. Mag. of Hom. vol. 1, p. 70.
830
NEW REMEDIES
sweats permanently; Podophyllin 3d removed the other symptoms,
with the prolapsus, and she remains cured-more than one year.
Dr. D. G. Klein says:
I have cured a few cases of chronic prolapsus with the Podo-
phyllum peltatum. I will cite the most important case:
Symptoms-Great costiveness, stool once in three days, with
great difficulty, frequent micturition, had to get up three or four
times every night; great weakness and soreness of the back, es-
pecially after washing, etc.
Prescribed Podophyllum peltatum, a tincture prepared by myself,
from green root, not very strong, three drops a day in six tablespoon-
fuls of water, taken in three doses. In three weeks time the case
was entirely cured, bowels regular, no difficulty with the urine, and
the back strong and without pain.
Induration of the Os Uteri.-Dr. Gatchell* mentions, incidentally,
that Dr. Brown, of Cincinnati, cured with a trituration of Podophyllin,
an induration of the os, which had resisted the efforts of the distin-
guished Prof. Morrow, until he abandoned the case in despair.
According to some physicians, Podophyllin is useful in swelling
and inflammation of the ovaries; its general specific action on the
glandular system would lead us to suspect it of the power of causing
disease of those organs. I once found it beneficial in a case of
chronic ovaritis, with symptoms like those in the proving.
It is also useful in many of the disorders of pregnant females,
especially when caused by a congested condition of the pelvic viscera;
the morning sickness, or excessive vomiting of pregnant women, will
often be relieved by this medicine. Eclectic physicians praise it
highly in simple, recent amenorrhoea, but they use it as the allopathist
uses aloes, not homoeopathically; in congestive amenorrhea, however,
it is homœopathic to the condition, and in minute doses will act cura-
tively.
Dr. J. T. Talmage, of Brooklyn, N. Y., communicates the follow-
ing experience with this medicine:
"Podophyllum peltatum and its active principle, Podophyllin, I
have found curative of almost every morbid condition for which Mer-
curius sol., Mercurius dulcis, and Mercurius vivus have proven the
homoeopathic specifics. I have to that extent made them substitutes
for the latter remedies. They are more radical and rapid in their
cure than the minerals. I have especially found Podophyllin valua-
ble in hemorrhoids, both internal and external, for acute and chronic
constipation, and all the morbid sequelae, attendant upon that condi-
tion, both during pregnancy and its absence.
Mrs. M., 45 years of age, sanguine temperament, full habit, not
through the "change of life," being sensitive to all atmospheric
changes, with no tubercles in substance of lungs, with a large vomica,
the remnant of an abscess, many years since; has suffered for 14
years, from the consecutive stages of uterine disease, congestive
* American Magazine of Homœopathy vol. I, page 63.
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
831
inflammation, ulceration and induration of os uteri, also from retro-
version, dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia and chronic constipation;
only palliated with few exceptional instances, by her allopathic
adviser, Dr. Delafield, of New York, or his homoeopathic successor.
"By a proper homoeopathic treatment, she was cured of all her ills,
except induration and constipation. The former was much relieved,
but having been so long chronic, had become organic and is incurable.
Her constipation, in addition to the usual discomforts, had the char-
acteristic of waking her almost every night, not always at the same
hour, with a severe abdominal colic, in the umbilical region, which
lasted from one to two hours. The only relief she could obtain was
prophylactic, a laxative, the day prior. Homoeopathic remedies had
no effect, either in high or low dilutions. Finally, I prescribed
Podophyllin, the first homoeopathic trituration, a small powder every
four hours. The constipation of years yielded, and an evacuation
came the second day. Subsequently powders of the same were given
A. M. and P. M. They made a permanent cure in ten days, both of
colic and constipation."
“Mrs. R. F., a lady in affluent circumstances, during the last two
years, passed through the hands of six physicians, three of whom were
allopathic and the other half homoeopathic. They all treated her for
dyspepsia, debility, and constipation. Obtaining no perceptible bene-
fit from treatment, she finally put herself under my care. Judging
from symptoms that her sufferings were the sequence of uterine
disease, I proposed an examination with the speculum. It was acce-
ded to and I found extensive hypertrophy, ulceration and prolapsus,
(the os uteri readily admitting the first two fingers of the right hand
to the second joint, and presented itself very near the vulva.)
"In a few months, I cured the hypertrophy, both of the os and
fundus uteri, and the ulceration, and thereby much relieved the pro-
lapsus.
"The patient, within six months after the commencement of my
treatment became enciente, and is now nearly 8 months gone. With
the cure of her uterine trouble she improved every way, in returning
regularity of organic function, muscular and adipose development,
increased strength and freedom from hypochondria, one of her
dependent complaints."
"Chronic constipation, dysentery and hemorrhoids remained and
gave her frequent attacks of tenesmus uteri, tenesmus vesica and
tenesmus recti, abdominal colic, and severe sick and nervous head-
ache. After a protracted trial of all the remedies, with but little
effect, I at last, upon the patient becoming completely discouraged,
prescribed as an experiment, Podophyllin 1st trituration, every four
hours. In two days she had a natural evacuation, and relief of all her
troubles. Since then, two months, she has been daily regular, with
one or two exceptions, when she stopped the medicine, thinking it no
longer necessasy. She now, and has most of the time, taken one pow-
der a day.
832
NEW REMEDIES.
The
"In this case all remedies failed previous to Podophyllin-Mercu-
rius, Sulphur, Plumbum, Opium, Collinsonia, 1, etc., etc., etc.
patient, on her own responsibility, took Epsom salts, Sulphas
Magnesia, in doses from one dram to half an ounce, with no effect but
nausea.
"I have recently cured constipation in other patients, by the same
treatment, in a number of cases pronounced incurable, some of years
standing."
Larynx.-*Cough, accompanying remittent fever; *dry cough;
*loose, hacking cough; *hooping cough, attended with costiveness
and loss of appetite.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-All the above symptoms appear to be
curative. We are left in doubt as to the power of Podophyllum in
causing laryngeal affections. Dr. Coe states that he seldom employs
any other medicine in the treatment of croup, when called to treat the
disease in its incipient stages; but, he applies cold water to the throat,
and alcoholic baths, and then gives a "full dose" of Podophyllin. This
practice it is needless to say is unnecessary torture, and children who
escape such practice are lucky indeed. It is too much like the
allopathic treatment of croup with "full doses" of Calomel and Cas-
tor oil.
Chest.-Pains in the chest, increased by taking a deep inspira-
tion; snapping in the right lung, like breaking a thread, when taking
a deep inspiration; inclination to breathe deeply; sighing; shortness
of breath; sensation in the chest, as if the heart was ascending to the
throat; sensation of suffocation when first lying down at night; palpita-
tion of the heart, from exertion or mental emotion; *palpitation of
the heart with a clucking sensation rising up to the throat, which ob.
structs respiration; sticking pain in the region of the heart; *palpita-
tion of the heart from physical exertion, in persons subject to rumbling
in the ascending colon; heavy sleep, and a feeling of fatigue on walking
in the morning, followed by drowsiness in the forenoon.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The first curative symptom above was
a case reported by Dr. Ward. It is to be regretted that a physical ex-
amination of the heart was not made, that we might know the condi-
tion of that organ. Such omission is to be deprecated in all clinical
reports. The last heart-symptom is not marked with an asterisk in
the original pathogenesis. Dr. Hempel, however, placed it in the
Symptomen Codex, probably upon good authority, in fact, the remark
in parenthesis in the original, ("Jeanes' numerous cases") would
seem to imply that he had cured that symptom in numerous cases, al-
though it might imply only that it had been indicated as a pathogen-
etic symptom. The condition of the heart which gave rise to those
symptoms, needs elucidation; taking the collateral symptoms into ac-
count, we should say it was a sympathetic derangement of that organ,
from disease of the liver, occurring in a debilitated subject. I do not
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM.
833
imagine that the Podophyllum is capable of curing or causing any or-
ganic disease of the heart. In pulmonary or pleuritic affections it does
not seem to be often indicated.
Back.-Pains in the small of the back when walking or standing,
with the sensation of the back bending inwards; pain in the lumbar
region, with the sensation of coldness, worse at night and from mo-
tion; pain in the loins, increased by a false step and walking over
uneven ground; pain between the shoulders, with soreness, worse at
night and from motion; pain under right shoulder-blade; stiffness of
the nape, with soreness of the muscles of the neck and shoulders;
pain in the nape, with soreness increased by motion; pain between
the shoulders in the morning,
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Upon a careful analysis of the above
symptoms, guided by Dr. Inman's treatise on Myalgia, I pronounce
them of a myalgic character, not rheumatic. I do not consider Pod-
ophyllin capable of causing or curing rheumatism, like Bryonia,
Colchicum, etc. It causes myalgia by its debilitating influence on
muscular fibre. The pain under right shoulder-blade may have been.
from hepatic derangement.
Upper Extremities.-Rheumatism in the left forearm and fin-
gers; weakness of the wrist, with soreness to the touch.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-My estimate of the sphere of action of
Podophyllum would lead me to doubt if it cured a veritable rheuma-
tism of the left forearm and fingers, inasmuch as Inman proves that
myalgia of the muscles of the arm is often mistaken for that disease;
the last system is purely myalgic.
Lower Extremities.-Pain and weakness in the left hip, like
rheumatism, from cold, increased by going up stairs; pains in the
thighs, legs, and knees, worse from standing; weakness of the joints,
especially the knees; slight paralytic weakness of the left side, of
one years duration; cracking in the knee joints from motion; heavi.
ness and stiffness of the knees, as after a long walk; stiffness on be-
ginning to move; aching of the limbs, worse at night; pain in the
left knee, leg, and foot; sharp pain in the outer and upper portion of
the left foot; coldness of the feet; perspiration of the feet in the
evening.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Here again, as above, I consider all the
above pains as myalgic, arising from muscular debility. Dr. Jeanes
reports the cure, in a girl of sixteen years of age, of "slight paraly-
tic weakness of the left side, of one years duration,”
53
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM.
(Smart-weed.)
ANALOGUES.— Asarum, Ammonia carbonica, (?) Aralia,
Caulophyllum, Cinnamon,Capsicum, Hedeoma, Mezereum, Pulsatilla,
Senega, Senecio, Zingiber.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant, sometimes called Water-
pepper,is the Polygonum hydropiper of Michaux. It is an annual plant
with a smooth stem, branched, often decumbent at base, slender-
jointed, swelling above the joints, and of a reddish or greenish-brown
color, sprinkled with glandular dots, and from one to two feet in
height. The root is white, whorled, and fibrous. The leaves are al-
ternate, lanceolate, petiolate, punctate, with pellucid dots, wavy and
scabrous on the margin, two or three inches long, and not more than
one-fifth as wide; the petioles are sheathing, inflated, fringed. The
flowers are small, greenish-white or purple, and are disposed in slen-
der, loose, interrupted, drooping, but finally erect spikes or racemes;
bracts remotely alternate. The calyx is four or five cleft, and
covered with glandular dots. Stamens six to eight. Styles two to
three, united at the base and half way up. Fruit, either lenticular
or three-sided, opaque, roughish. Seed one.
Polygonum punctatum is a well known, intensely acrid plant, found
growing in nearly all parts of the United States, in ditches, low
ground, among rubbish, and about brooks and water-courses, flowering
in August and September. There are many species of Polygonum,
which, although possessing similar virtues, yet differ materially in
their medical potency. The whole plant is officinal, and has a biting,
pungent, acrid taste, and imparts its virtues to alcohol or water, Age
renders it inert, and heat impairs its medical qualities.
It should be collected and made into a tincture while fresh. The
plant has not been analyzed.
The Polygonum Persicaria, called Ladies Thumb, or Spotted knot-
weed, possesses similar but inferior medicinal properties, and may be
distinguished from the above by the deeper green or purplish color
of the whole plant, a brownish, heart-shaped spot near the center of
the leaf, and its rose colored flowers in short, dense, terminal spikes.
It has a feeble, astringent, saline taste, and at one time was considered
antiseptic.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions; (infusion.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-In allopathic works it is classed as an Emmen-
agogue, but is said to be "diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant, antiseptic,
rubefacient, and discutient." Probably no indigenous plant is in such
general, almost universal use, in domestic practice in the country and
city, and no remedy is so popular in a great variety of complaints. It
may be one of the many popular delusions, but certain it is, that the
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM.
835
remedy gives satisfaction to the patient in a majority of cases. In the
country it is almost useless for the homoeopathic physician to attempt
to prohibit the external use of the Polygonum; and, as its use is no
more objectionable than Arnica applications, and prevents officious
friends from applying some worse article, it may as well be permitted,
and even advised, as a fomentation in internal inflammations, spasms,
pains, etc.
"The green herb, bruised, and applied to the surface acts promptly
as a rubefacient. Antiseptic properties have been assigned to it, and
from the testimony in its favor, we doubt not it may be advantageously
employed as a local application for that purpose. It constitutes an
important fomentation in hysteritis, cystitis, nephritis, peritonitis,
pneumonia, pleuritis, articular rheumatism, local pains, sprains,
bruises, indolent and painful tumors, etc., one of the best in use.'
(Eclectic Mat. Med.)
""
Dr. B. L. Hill, when an eclectic, reported a protracted case of
epileptic fits entirely cured by the use of the extract, made into pills."
"In combination with Sulphate of Iron, and Gum Myrrh, it
is said to have cured epilepsy-probably dependent upon some uterine
derangement."(King.) Which cured?
"The infusion, or a fomentation of the leaves, has been beneficially
applied in chronic ulcers, hemorrhoidal tumors; also as a wash in
chronic erysipelatous inflammations, and as a fomentation in tympanitis
and flatulent colic."-(Ib.) It has quite a reputation as an external
application in poisoning by the different varieties of Rhus.
He
Dr. Small informs me that a proving of this remedy was once
made by himself, aided by some of the students of the Philadelphia
Homoeopathic College, when he was a Professor in that Institution.
The records of that proving, are, however, unfortunately lost.
states that its general sphere of action is quite similar to that of Pul-
satilla. It acts upon the mucous membranes, skin, and sensory
nerves. It has a great reputation in acute catarrhal affections, to
which it appears to be homoeopathic; also to some rheumatic disor-
ders. We append the provings of Drs. Joslin, N. M. Payne, Cameron,
and Wm. E. Payne.
FRAGMENTARY PROVING BY DR. B. F. JOSLIN, OF NEW YORK.
First Proving.-A specimen was collected September 12th, 1854.
A heavy rain a few days before had washed the leaves. The earth
in the vicinity had not yet become dry, so that no dust had since
fallen on the leaves. The weather and time of day were favorable,
all dew having been removed by the sun shining in a clear sky. The
flowering season of the plant had commenced. At noon, immediately
after collecting the specimen, a leaf was thoroughly masticated and
swallowed; the taste pungent, like that of black pepper.
Symptom 1,-At 12:30 P. M., momentary pain in the right frontal
protruberance, and instantly afterwards in the right occipital pro-
tuberance, after half an hour. In the afternoon of the same day, two
836
NEW REMEDIES.
dozen of the leaves were thoroughly bruised in a clean agate mortar,
and not being sufficiently succulent to allow of the expression of
juice, the mass was put into a vial with alcohol, reduced by water to
about fifty per cent. At ten in the evening eat another leaf.
2.-Sept. 13th.-Intolerable itching at the left shin, a little above
the ankle, in the morning at six o'clock,
3.-Severe aching at the fore part of the left tibia, about four inches
below the knee, from one till two o'clock, P. M.
4.-Aching in the left shoulder, when recumbent, about 11 P. M.,
soon after going to bed.
Second Proving.-On the 7th day of May, 1866, I decanted a
second time a second sample of the tincture, from a specimen collect-
ed September 16th, 1854, and prepared in a similar manner. At
1:30 P. M., agitated one drop of this tincture with half an ounce of
water, and took it at once.
1.—At 1:40 p. m., painful pressure on the left palmar-radial side
of the right fore-arm, an inch and half above the wrist, at the spot
where the radial artery is distinctly felt, lasting seven minutes, com-
mencing ten minutes after the dose.
2.-Dry cough in the night, excited by titillation in the upper-
.anterior part of the chest, with a dry sensation in the larynx when
coughing, after about twelve hours. May 8th.-At 1 P. м., put one
drop of the tincture Polygonum in one gill of water, and after agitat-
ing it several times, occupied a minute in sipping it.
3.-Sensation of heat in the mouth and throat within the first
quarter of an hour, commencing at the tip of the tongue and ex-
tending to much of the mouth, then to the throat at the right upper
part.
4.-Cough excited by a prioking, tickling sensation behind the
the upper part of the sternum, at 1:30 P. M., i. e., after forty minutes.
5. May 9th and 10th.-Pain pressive and remittent, for two
consecutive evenings, at the anterior-inner surface of the head of the
left tibia.
6. On the 9th, in the evening, the interior of the anus was
studded with itching eminences, as from corrugation without con-
traction—a kind of hemorrhoidal tumor; they disappeared within two
days.
The above is an exact copy of records the time of the
proving. Short as they are, I call them two because the latter was
made after such an interval as precludes the possibility of continu-
ance of action
POLYGONUM NU
837
PUNCTATUM.
A PROVING BY N. M. PAYNE, M. D.
Sept. 6.-4 o'clock P. M., took six drops tincture Polygonum
punctatum; one hour after, experienced a sensation of scraping and
dryness in the throat; two hours after, throbbing, cutting pain in the
stomach. 10 P. M., six drops, followed by a similar scraping and
dryness in the fauces, and in half an hour by severe pain in the
epigastrium, lasting about half an hour.
•
7th.-6 o'clock A. M., took eight drops; two hours after, throbbing,
cutting pain in the stomach; nausea, and rumbling in the abdomen,
with diarrhæic stools. 10 A. M., took 10 drops; in & of an hour, pains
in the forehead and sides of the head, extending into the orbits;
nausea, with slight pains in the lower intestines, rectum and anus;
pulse 65. 5 г, M., took fifteen drops; scraping in the throat; in-
creased desire to evacuate the bladder; slight pains in the sinciput,
and trembling of the limbs an hour after; also cutting, shooting pains
in the lower intestines, with pain in the pit of the stomach; two hours
after, sharp, cutting, shooting pains in the region of the heart, ex-
tending through to the left shoulder-blade; dull pain in the extensor
muscles of the left arm, from shoulder to wrist; weariness, and dull
pains in the legs, with tensive pain in the calves; head feels dull;
rumbling and griping pains in the abdomen, with copious discharge
of clear, light colored urine; the urine was previously red, and in
small quantities. 10 P. M., took 10 drops; the above last named
symptoms continued till falling asleep, pains moving from place to
place.
8th.—6 A. M., took fifteen drops; 23 hours after, ineffectual urging
to stool, with great quantity of foetid flatulence; obtuseness of the
head and general lassitude; sharp pains in the right shoulder joint
and spine of the scapula, extending to the elbow and trapezius muscles,
with occasional shootings through the occiput; in the evening, a scar-
let eruption, about three inches in width, (resembling zona) made its
appearance around the waist, itching and burning, attended with pain;
sharp pain under right scapula, extending into the chest and pit of
the stomach, with heavy beating of the heart, and throbbing of the
carotid arteries; profuse perspiration and trembling of the whole
body, from moderate exercise; continued nausea, as if proceeding
from the small intestines, from thence extending upwards to the pit
of the stomach; extreme lassitude after taking a short walk; dull
headache, with vertigo and trembling of limbs; intense heat and
burning of the feet, lasting one hour and a half, and then suddenly
838
NEW REMEDIES.
beco ning uncomfortably cold. In the evening, some appearance as of
the shingles (zona); urine scanty and dark red.
9th.-6 A. M., took 20 drops: copious discharge of clear, light
colored urine, soon after taking the medicine. During forenoon,
itching and burning around the waist. 10 A. M., took 20 drops;
pain in left temple and left side of the head, with dizziness and
trembling of the limbs; pain in the stomach, relieved by food; vora-
cious appetite.
14th.-7 A. M., took 20 drops, and at 11 4. M., thirty drops; burn-
ing and scraping in the throat; pain in the epigastrium and lower
intestines, with diarrhoeic stools, discharged with considerable force;
voiding an unusually large quantity of urine; trembling of the limbs;
aching pain in the stomach and abdomen all day. 10 P. M., took 20
drops; restless sleep, with unpleasant dreams; awoke unrefreshed.
15th.—7 A. M., took 30 drops; appetite greatly increased; dull
headache all the morning; constant urging to stool; papescent
stools, and abundant flow of urine; frontal headache, with darting
pains through the temples, in the orbits, the knees and legs. 3 P. M.,
took 30 drops; dreams, but could not recall them.
16th —7 A. M., took 30 drops; increased appetite for breakfast ;
pains in left spermatic cord and testicle, continuing all day, with sore-
ness of the testicle, at the same time occasional darting pains in the
right spermatic cord and testicle. Headache in the afternoon, with
cold feeling in the stomach; pains in the knee-joints, extending to
the ankles.
17th.-7 A. M., took 30 drops; pain in the testicles and spermatic
cord continually; headache; tensive feeling in the stomach; sensi-
tiveness to cold; feet alternately cold and hot. 10 A. M., took 30
drops; two hours after, urging to urinate, with smarting in urethra..
19th. 7 A. M., took 20 drops; headache during forenoon and after
dinner. 4 P. M.; took 40 drops; increased flow of urine, with irrita-
tion in neck of the bladder, and smarting in the urethra; when void-
ing urine, pain in prostrate gland: pain in the testicles and spermatic
cords; itching and burning under the eyes; rumbling in the abdo-
men, with desire for stool; dull pain in the rectum; burning sensa-
tion in prostate gland. 10 P. м, took 40 drops; smarting and
scraping feeling in the throat; uneasy sleep and dreams.
M
20th.—7 a. M., took 40 drops; hunger; pain in lower parts of the
abdomen, half hour after eating; itching in the orifice of the urethra
and around the glans penis, and constant desire to urinate; copious
flow of straw-colored urine. 10 a. M., took 50 drops, smarting and
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM.
839
scraping in the throat; constricted feeling at the neck of the bladder
while urinating, with pains in the testicles and spermatic cords; skin
of the whole body dry; alternation of chills and heat; itching and
stinging of prepuce; pains in epigastric region after dinner, with dull
headache; pains in hypogastrium and rectum, with rumbling in these
parts, proceeding from below upwards, and insufficient stool; itching
under the eyes; pain in neck of the bladder. 4 P. M., took 50 drops;
half hour after, severe lancinating pains in left hypochondrium while
walking; smarting, raw feeling in pituitary membrane, as from a cold;
dreamed of having a severe headache; awoke with head aching
violently; painful cutting, and feeling of strangulation in neck of the
bladder when urinating, lasting a long time after; pain in the blad-
der.
21st.—7 a. m., took 50 drops; rumbling and gurgling in the lower
part of the abdomen, proceeding upwards, with desire for stool; dull
throbbing or pulsative headache; cold feeling in the abdomen, "more
in the region of transverse colon and stomach, with nausea; weariness
of the whole body; trembling of the limbs; cutting pain in lower
part of the bowels, with constant urging to stool, and frequent dis-
charge of flatus; throbbing pain in left inguinal glands, lasting half
an hour; great thirst for cold water, yet water produces nausea. 10
A. M., took 50 drops; appetite diminished; constant nausea. In af-
ternoon, straining at stool, with mucus, jelly-like discharge; yellowish
green stools; feeling of strangulation in neck of the bladder; irrita-
tion in schneiderian membrane, as if from a cold in the head; burn-
ing in the stomach and abdomen. 9 P. M., tenesmus, with nausea ;
pain in neck of bladder; emissions of offensive flatus; itching and
burning around the waist, and fine red eruption; laborious and
fatiguing dreams; limbs feel bruised.
22d.—No medicine in morning-voracious appetite for breakfast;
nausea after eating, as if proceeding from the abdomen; griping pains
in the abdomen, with loose stools and painful urination. 1 P. M.,
took 50 drops; two hours after, burning in the stomach; continued
rumbling and pain in the abdomen, with tenesmus, and hard lumpy
fæces; cold feeling in pit of the stomach; pains in left spermatic
cord and testicle; feeling of excessive debility.
23d.-12 M., took 50 drops, and at 5 P. M., 50 drops; burning in
the stomach, throat and fauces; dull pain in forehead; aching pains
in lower extremities; copious flow of clear, light-colored urine; cut-
ting pain in left side of the chest; sore throat; tongue feels swollen,
840
NEW REMEDIES.
burning all the way from the roots of the tongue to the pit of the
stomach.
24th.—7 a. M., took 60 dropз; one hour after, pain in the sacrum
and bladder, with desire to urinate, not relieved by voiding large
quantities; frequent diarrhoeic stools; pain in the hypogastric region,
rectum and anus. 3 r. M., took 60 drops; sharp, cutting pains in
stomach and intestines; burning and scraping in fauces; aching pains
in knees; two and a half hours after, burning in the chest, with cold.
feeling in the pit of the stomach, and shooting pains in the stomach;
pain and soreness in left testicle, and extending along the spermatic
cord; pain around the left hip-joint, with aching in the loins; cutting
pains, apparently extending along to the ureters, down to the blad-
der; burning, tingling in the whole body, more in the legs and feet,
fore-arms and hands; frequent sneezing, as from a cold in the head;
pulsative pains in the hips and loins, with ineffectual urging to stool,
and tenesmus, lancinating pains throughout the whole abdomen.
25th.—7 A. m, took 60 drops; great weariness in walking; con-
stant rumbling in the abdomen; dull pain in the rectum; profuse,
pale urine. 5 P. M., 30 drops; shooting pains in the stomach; alter-
nate constipation and diarrhoea.
DR. C. C. CAMERON'S PROVING.
Age 25; nervous-bilious temperament; not addicted to the use
of tobacco or intoxicating liquors in any form.
May 18, 1865.-2:30 P. M., took 5 drops; constriction of the larynx;
deep, heavy pains in the umbilical region, relieved by pressure;
headache in left frontal region; throbbing, shooting pain in the left
wrist, extending to the tip of the middle finger,
19th.-10 A. M., took 10 drops; 12 A. M., took 10 drops; 1:30
P. M., 15 drops, quickly followed by a sensation of heat in the
stomach, borborygmus and emission of flatus per anum; dry tickling
sensation in the throat. 2:15 P. M., copious liquid stools, followed by
a smarting sensation of the anus (my bowels had moved as usual at
8 A. M., and are generally very regular.) 4 P. M., 25 drops, borboryg-
5 P. M., 50 drops; fullness of head.
mus.
20th.-9 A. M., took 100 drops, followed immediately by a burn-
ing pain in the stomach; eructations; sticking pains in the right
hypochondrium; great pain in the head, shifting from the frontal to
the occipital region; shooting pains in the left arm, from the elbow
to the tips of the fingers; pain in the left knee, with a feeling of
great weakness; severe frontal headache.
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM.
841
21st. Shooting pains in the arms, back and legs,; also acute
pains in the epigastric and umbilical regions; tongue coated yellow,
loss of appetite. Constipated since the 19th inst. My tincture
gave out with the 100 drop dose, and I was compelled to relin-
quish the proving."
>
DR. WM. E. PAYNE'S PROVING.
(Made with a strong alcoholic tincture of the leaves, stalk and
root..)
Nov. 23d, .—At 8 o'clock, P. M., took ten drops of the tinc-
ture of Polygonum, in a tablespoonful of water.
24th.-Seven o'clock, A. M., ten drops, and at ten o'clock, A. M.,
fifteen drops. Voided urine at three several times during the night,
an occurrence that never happened before with the prover.
M
25th. Six o'clock, A. м, fifteen drops; at eight o'clock, two
hours after taking the medicine, a slight vertiginous feeling passed
over the head, followed in a short time, by a sensation in the arms
and legs, as of a galvanic current passing through them; this was
momentary. One o'clock, P. M., pain in the right antrum, as if pro-
ceeding upwards from a tooth; yet the tooth from which the pain
appeared to come, was sound. This pain recurred frequently. Ten
o'clock, P. м, took twenty drops and retired for the night, About
midnight, awoke with a severe lameness of the muscles of the left
side of the neck, extending to the shoulder, and rendering movement
painful.
25th.-Seven o'clock, a. m., took twenty five drops, and at eleven
o'clock, A. M., took thirty drops. Pulsative headache, with a sensation
of fullness; pulsating and intermitting pains in the left shoulder
joint; pulsative pains in the left lumbar region; also at the left of
the hypogastric region, as if in the left portion of the bladder. The
pains move suddenly from place to place, in the ball of the little
toe of the left foot, in the right shoulder joint, in the right foot, at
the left extremity of the stomach, in the knees, etc. The pains
were momentary, but frequently recurred; sometimes a single pul-
sation, at other times, several before the pains appeared in another
place. The character and movement of these pains reminded the
prover of a flash of the aurora borealis, or rather, perhaps, of the
distant electrical phenomenon sometimes observed in a thunder
storm, after the cloud has passed far away, a tremulous electrical
movement. The salivary secretion, which before had been thick
and scanty, now became abundant and thin. Ten o'clock, P. M., took
842
NEW REMEDIES.
thirty drops and retired for the night. The lameness of the muscles
of the neck continued, with the same pulsative and wandering pain.
27th.-Seven o'clock, A. M., took thirty drops. Took breakfast
with the usual appetite, but felt nauseated after the meal, followed by
rumbling and movement in the abdomen, as from approaching diar-
rhoea. Pulsative and wandering pains in the wrist and finger joints,
more in the metacarpo-phalangeal joints; also in the epigastrium,
abdomen, etc. Three o'clock, P. M., took thirty-five drops; same
erratic pains continue in the region of the mastoid processes at the
insertion of the deltoid muscles, etc. Nine o'clock, P. м, took thirty-
five drops.
28th.-Seven o'clock, A. M., took forty drops. Stool at the usual
time; first part of the fæces hard and painful, last part soft. Pul-
sative and wandering pains continued through the day, but mostly
within doors, being scarcely felt when in the open air. Ten o'clock
P. M., took forty.five drops. No new symptoms during the night,
rest being undisturbed.
29th.-Seven o'clock, A. M., took fifty drops. Pulsative and
erratic pains continue, especially when in the house. From five
to six o'clock, P. M., cutting colic-like pains just below the stomach,
in the region of the colon. Ten o'clock, P. M., took fifty drops. Was
*not disturbed during the night.
30th.-Seven o'clock, a. m., took sixty drops. Occasional pulsa-
tive pains in the region of the colon, lasting one hour; pulsative,
pressive pains just above the xiphoid cartilage; erratic pains con-
tinue; pulsative pains in the region of the prostate gland, occasion-
ally extending along the urethra, continuing for half an hour; pain
in the region of the zygoma. (Left side.)
Dec. 1st.-No medicine. One o'clock, P. M., pulsative and acute
pain in the left temple. Pains continue in the same erratic manner
as above described. A severe cold taken at this stage of the prov-
ing, so complicated the symptoms, that the record was suspended.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-A slight vertiginous feeling passing over
the head, followed in a short time by a sensation in the arms and
legs as of a galvanic shock passing through them; pain in the right
antrum, as if proceeding upwards from a tooth; yet the tooth from
which the pain appeared to proceed, was sound. This pain recurred
frequently. Pulsations and intermitting pains in the left shoulder
joint; pulsative pains in the left lumbar region; also at the left
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM.
843
of the hypogastric region, as if in the left portion of the bladder.
The pains were momentary, but frequently recurred; sometimes a
single pulsation, at other times, several before the pains appeared in
another place. The character and movement of these pains some-
what reminded the prover of the flashing of the aurora borealis, or
rather perhaps, of the distant electrical phenomenon sometimes ob-
served in a thunder storm after the cloud has passed far away; a
tremulous electrical movement. Great appetite; constant desire to
urinate; frequent sneezing as from a cold in the head; weariness
of the whole body.
Skin.-Skin of the whole body dry; a fine red eruption around
the waist, with itching and burning.
Sleep.-Restless sleep with unpleasant dreams: awake unre-
freshed again, laborious and fatiguing dreams.
:
Head.-Pulsative headache with sensation of fullness. Pain in
the forehead and sides of the head extending into the orbits. Dull
headache with dizziness.
Face.-Itching and burning under the eyes.
Throat. Sensation of dryness and scraping in the throat. Sore
throat; tongue full as if swollen, burning all the way from the roots
of the tongue to pit of stomach; sensations of heat in the mouth and
throat, commencing at the tip of the tongue, and extending to much
of the mouth, then to the right upper part.
Gastric.—The salivary excretion abundant and thin; thirst for
water, yet water produces nausea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. W. E. Payne says, that in the only
instance where an opportunity was offered for testing the truth of either
of the therapeutic indications above deduced from the provings of the
polygonum, there were cutting, lancinating, griping pains, with great
rumbling as if the whole intestinal contents were in a fluid state, and
in violent commotion, the movement proceeding from below upwards,
producing nausea, and disposition to vomit, with liquid fæces, which
were discharged with considerable force, together with pain in the
loins. This case in both its symptomatic and pathologic manifesta-
tions, was an exact representation-an exact counterpart of the ab-
dominal affection as it appeared in the above proving. The polygo-
num, therefore, was selected as the remedy. Two teaspoonful were
taken at once, of a mixture of fifteen drops of the tincture to eight
ounces of water. A sensation of warmth diffused itself throughout
the abdomen, with immediate diminution of the symptoms, and at
the expiration of about an hour the whole disease had disappeared,
except soreness on pressure which gradually passed away.
Stomach.-Throbbing, cutting pain in the stomach; sharp pain
under the right scapula, extending into the chest and to the pit of the
844
NEW REMEDIES.
stomach with heavy beating of heart and throbbing of the carotid ar
teries; aching in stomach and abdomen all day; heat in stomach.
Bowels. Copious stools, followed by a smarting sensation of the
anus; trifling pains in abdomen with loose stools; cutting pain in
lower part of bowels, with constant urging to stool, and frequent dis-
charges of flatus; in afternoon straining at stool, with mucus, jelly-
like discharge; yellowish green stools.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has been found curative in hæmor-
rhoids.
Sexual Organs of Women.-Drs. Tully, Eberle, Wood and
others, class it among the emmenagogues. Dr. Eberle states that it
causes the following symptoms: "Warmth, and a peculiar tingling
sensation throughout the whole system; in most instances, slight
aching pains in the hips and loins; a sense of weight and tension
within the pelvis "
He states that he has used it in about twenty
cases of amenorrhea, and says: "I can affirm that with no other
remedy or mode of treatment have I been so successful as with this.
I have seldom found it necessary to continue its use for more than
six or seven days, before its emmenagogue powers were manifested."
He says that those to whom he has recommended it, found it effec-
tual. He used it in the form of a saturated tincture, in doses of a
of a teaspoonful, three times a day. The warm infusion is used suc-
cessfully in domestic practice-a wine-glassful every few hours.
have known this simple treatment to prove effectual after all the
usual remedies had failed.
Urinary Organs. Sometimes the urine became red and scanty,
then again, rumbling, griping pains in the abdomen, with a copious
discharge of clear, light colored urine. Painful cutting, and feeling
of strangulation at the neck of the bladder, while urinating, lasting
a long time after; pain in the bladder.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. N. M. Payne says he has found it
curative for "frequent and profuse discharges of clear, white or
straw-colored urine."
Back and Neck.-Severe lameness of the muscles of the left
side of the neck, extending to the shoulder and rendering movement
painful.
Upper and Lower Extremities.-Burning and tingling in the
whole body, more in the legs and feet, forearms and hands. Pain in
the knee joints, extending down to the ankles; great heat and burn-
ing of the feet, continuing one and a half hours, and then suddenly
became uncomfortably cold; darting pains through the extremities.

FI:
BAKER
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
(American Pulsatilla.)
The principal figure represents the mature plant in fruit; the small figure the
flower, which appears before the leaves.
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
(American Pulsatilla.)
ANALOGUES.—Anemone; Arnica; Clematis; Cimicifuga ;
Cyclamen; Euphrasia; Hedeoma; Ferrum; Ignatia; Kali
hydriodicum; Mezereum; Mitchella; Eupatorium purpureum;
Platina; Ranunculus; Sabina; Senecio; Sepia; Scuttellaria.
Stem
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Villous with long silken hairs.
erect; in-flower, very short; in fruit, eight to twelve inches high.
Leaves long-stalked, ternately divided, the lateral divisions two-
parted, the middle one stalked and three-parted, the segments once
or twice-cleft into narrowly linear and acute lobes. Involucres below
the stem, lobed like the leaves, sessile sabulately dissected, con-
cave or cup-shaped in position. Sepals five to seven, purplish, spread-
ing, about one inch long, silky outside. Flower, single, appearing
before the leaves, pale-purple, cup-shaped. Carpels (fruit) 50 to 75,
with long plumous tails, one to two inches in length, collected into a
roundish head.
BOTANICAL HISTORY.-This plant when first discovered by Nuttall,
was called by him the Anemone Ludoviciana. It was afterwards
called A. pratensis, by Hooker.
Gray, (Genera of plants of U. S.,) gives a minute description,
illustrated by a beautiful plate. He calls it the Pulsatilla pratensis.
In the later editions of his Botany, he applies the name Pulsatilla
Nuttalliana. Wood places it in the genus Anemone, as the A. Nuttal-
liana, King (Dispensatory) calls it A. Ludoviciana.
Although it is well that the Botanist, Nuttall, should be honored,
I should prefer the name Pulsatilla Americana as the fittest designa-
tion for the only species of the genus growing in Ame ica. All
botanists agree in giving it the common name of Pasque-flower, which
is the popular name given the Pulsatilla in Europe, because the blos-
som appears at Easter.
Nuttall states that this plant is to be found near the confluence of
the Missouri and Platte rivers, and thence west to the Rocky Moun-
tains. It is also met with in considerable abundance in the States of
Wisconsin and Minnesota, especially on the dry and sandy bluffs
forming the bed of the Mississippi. It has also been found in the
most northern counties of the State of Illinois.
Gray says it does not extend down the Mississippi as far as Louisia
na, probably no farther than the lower boundary of Iowa. Along the
Rocky Mountains, however, it does extend as far southward as lati-
tude 35°, Mr. Fendler having gathered specimens at Santa Fe.
It is a plant of peculiar appearance. The large cup-shaped flowers
of a purple hue, appear before the leaves, almost immediately after
the melting of the snow has shown that the long and dreary winter of
846
NEW REMEDIES.
the north is approaching its close. Hence these blossoms are eagerly
sought for as the first offerings of the long desired spring.
The
The leaves and stalks of the plant are covered with long delicate
silken hairs. It is from this appearance that it got the name of
"Goslin Flower," which probably originated with children.
odor of the dried plant is rather faint, being slightly camphoraceous,
the taste of the dried flowers simply sweetish and herbaceous, that of
the leaves being more astringent with very slight acrimony.
The taste and, to some extent, the odor of the fresh plant are both
acrid and irritating.
When the seeds are ripe, each one is surmounted by a long silken
tail, giving the plant, at a distance, an appearance somewhat similar
to the ripe Taraxacum. These seeds, with their comet-like tails, are
borne by the winds which sweep over our prairies, to great distances,
there to propagate themselves in new situations.
Gray is correct in stating that the American Pulsatilla is more
like Pulsatilla Vulgaris, than the Pulsatilla Pratensis of Europe, as
will be seen by a comparison further on.
Jahr, in his Pharmacopoeia, gives the following description of the
Pulsatilla nigricans, or pratensis used in homoeopathic practice.
"Stems simple, erect, rounded, 3 to 5 inches high; leaves radical
bipinnatified, downy; flowers solitary, terminal, having folioles of calyx
campanulate, bent at the point, the odor of the herb but slightly
evident, taste acrid and pungent. The fresh plant contains an acrid
and vesicating principle, and furnishes a corrosive oil, as well as a
kind of tannin which colors iron green; in the dry state it is entirely
deprived of this acrid quality. Grows in sandy pasture grounds, on
hills and declivities, exposed to the sun.'
Jahr further says We must be careful not to mistake this plant
for the common Pulsatilla. (Anemone Pulsatilla)" (Pulsatilla Vul-
garis). “This last plant, of which homoeopathy makes no use what-
ever, only grows on dry and sterile hills, and flowers in the spring-
time alone, whilst the biack-colored Pulsatilla flowers a second time
again in the months of August and September. Besides, the Ane-
mone Pulsatilla, is in all its parts, much less downy than the black,
colored pulsatilla its stem 6 to 24 centimetres high; flowers of clear
violet or pale red, straight and not hanging like those of the black-
colored pulsatilla; seeds surmounted by a long silky tail."
From this it would seem that the American Pulsatilla, partook of
the character of both the European varieties. Dr. Douglas, of Mil-
waukee, Wisc., states that he prepared a tincture of the plant, but
does not state if he has made any use of it in practice. I am indebted
to him for a quantity of the mother tincture, also for a dried specimen
of the plant, in an excellent state of preservation, which he procured
of Dr. Lapham, a Botanist of Milwaukee. I am also indebted to a
lady of this city, Mrs. L. Newbury, for another specimen, collected
in Wisconsin. These specimens were presented for the inspection of
the members of the Ill. Hom. Association, May, 1865.)
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
847
CHEMICAL AND MEDICAL HISTORY.-The first mention of this
plant in the annals of medicine, was by A. W. Miller, a German phar-
maceutist of Philadelphia, who introduced it to the profession in
an inaugural essay, presented to the Philadelphia College of Phar-
macy.*
In this essay the writer refers to his brother, Dr. W. H.
Miller, of St. Paul, Minnesota, as having used the plant in various
diseases. This physician (an allopathist) is probably the first who
used it in the United States.
The author of the above essay subjected the plant to an exhaustive
chemical analysis, all of which may be quite interesting to the scienti-
fic chemist, but is not of sufficient importance to the practical physi-
cian to be herein detailed.
Mr. Miller used the flowers and herb; he does not appear to have
made use of the root in any of his experiments. We do not find any
reason given in his paper for rejecting the root, which, doubtless,
possesses the active virtues of the plant in a high degree.
The results of Mr. Miller's experiments, which are of especial in-
terest to us, are, namely—
1. It was found that in the process of drying, the flowers lost 85
per cent in weight, as compared with their weight in the recent state.
2. The active principles of the plant seem to be extracted thorough-
ly by alcohol, of the strength of 95 per cent.
3. A portion of the peculiar acrid, volatile principle, which is one
of the most important constituents of the plant, seems to be lost by
the process of drying.
4. The same principle, termed by chemists Anemonin, seems to
be capable of isolation from the fresh plant, but not from the dry, and
is volatile at ordinary temperatures.
5. In the course of the " experiments," the substances extracted
possessed a very acrid and almost caustic taste. When volatilized
they produced a very irritating pungent vapor, affecting the eyes and
causing sneezing. Also these extracts had a well marked camphora-
ceous odor." In the analysis, grape sugar, gum, resin, an alkaloid
and anemonic acid were found in appreciable quantities.
6. The inorganic constituents of the plant were found to consist of
Sulphate of Potassa, Carbonate of Potassa, Chloride of Potassium,
Carbonate of Lime, Magnesia and "a proto-salt. of Iron."
The following practical deductions may be drawn from the above
experiments: (a) Tinctures should be made from the fresh plant if
we would retain all its medicinal constituents. (b) Every precaution
should be taken to prevent the escape of the volatile principle, which
is doubtless one of the most important, especially in the treatment of
irritable conditions of mucous tissues. (c) In certain cases the vapors
of this medicine may be used with advantage as a topical homoeopathic
remedy, especially in affections of the respiratory passages, and the
eyes.
American Journal of Pharmacy, July, 1863.
848
NEW REMEDIES.
Certain deductions, which may be termed theoretical, may not be
amiss in this place. We find among the organic constituents of this
plant, three, at least, of our most valued remedies: - namely, Calca-
rea carbonica, Kali carbonicum and Ferrum. In the introduction to
Rumex Crispus, in this work, we mentioned the presence in that plant
of Sulphur, Phosphorus and Calcarea, and suggested that certain
pathogenetic symptoms produced by Rumex, and its curative powers
in similar affections may have been due to the presence of those
agents. No one who has studied and used the Rumex, can fail to
see the close similarity in effects.
So with Pulsatilla. It is highly probable that the Pulsatilla
nigricans, now in use, contains the same inorganic constituents as the
American variety. Who has not noted the close similarity of many
of the symptoms of Pulsatilla with that of Calcarea, Kali carbonicum,
and Ferrum? It has been curative in certain intestinal and gastric
derangements, in affections of the respiratory passages, and for the
chlorotic conditions, in which the above trio are also indicated.
The chemico-physiological portion of our school can readily accept.
this explanation of the curative properties of Pulsatilla. Even the
believer in high dilutions may not reject the theory, for these salts
are held in solution in the plant, are given up to the alcohol, and
thence conveyed into the circulation of the patient in the dilutions
administered.
We have not been able to obtain a chemical analysis of the
European Pulsatilla, but there is doubtless such an analysis on record
somewhere in the annals of pharmacy.
We are aware that a portion of our school make no account what-
ever of chemical analysis of plants, contending that the true and only
medicinal or remedial principle is dynamic, and a unity. We shall
not here discuss the question, the mean of truth doubtless involves
both the dynamic and chemical theories.
Dr. W. H. Miller, of St. Paul, Minnesota, struck with the many
points of similitude between this plant and the European Anemone
Pulsatilla, conceived the supposition that in chemical composition and
therapeutical effects, they were also closely allied, if not synony-
mous. He instituted numerous experiments with a view of verifying
the latter surmise, and according to his statements, they proved to be
entirely successful. He claims to have established the value of this
remedy in many chronic diseases of the eye, particularly cataract,
amaurosis, and opacity of the cornea. Very decided advantage was
also experienced from its employment in cutaneous eruptions and in
secondary syphilis.
"These results," says Dr. Miller, "in conjunction with the inves-
tigation of its chemical constituents, are sufficient to warrant its sub-
stitution for the European Anemone Pulsatilla, which, though not
often administered by regular practitioners, is very frequently
resorted to by the homoeopaths."
Dr. Miller thus describes his method of using it. "A tea of the
dried flowers and herb was sometimes employed, as well as the juice
of the fresh plant bruised and expressed, and then either preserved
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
849
by the addition of one-fourth of its bulk of alcohol, or evaporated to
the consistence of an extract. In preparing the latter, the presence
of some volatile acrid principle was clearly manifested by the highly
irritating vapors arising from the juice on the application of gentle
heat, producing a very painful impression on the eyes of the operator.
As the preserved juice had not been subjected to the deteriorating
influence of evaporation, it was supposed to contain the greatest
amount of active principle. It was, therefore, most frequently admin -
istered, and the most marked effects of the drug were observed to
follow from its use."
The above experience coincides with that of Stoerk, who
probably used the same variety afterwards proved by Hahnemann.
Stoerk prescribed it successfully in amaurosis and other dis-
eases of the eye, in secondary syphilis, and in
syphilis, and in cutaneous
eruptions.
There is no sufficient reason why Jahr and other Continental
homœopathists should banish the Pulsatilla vulgaris so completely
from our Materia Medica, for it has been employed by various
European and English physicians of the allopathic school, for
diseases similar to those in which the genuine Pulsatilla has
been used successfully. It has even been used with good results
in hooping-cough and rheumatism. From certain inquiries which
have been made we are inclined to believe that much of the
tincture of Pulsatilla which is used by our school, is made from
the latter plant, and even from other members of the Anemone
family.
Even the different varieties of the Anemone should not be
left unnoticed. Nearly related to the Pulsatilla, they have many me.
dicinal qualities in common. One of them, the Anemone Nemorosa,
or wood-anemone, indigenous to this country and Europe, has,
according to Wood, "been found a speedy cure in tinea capitis,
applied externally to the head." Also, "That it is said to act
as a poison to cattle, producing bloody urine and convulsions."
The history of American Pulsatilla in homoeopathy, is as follows:
"In May, 1865, I published a brief article in the "Medical Investiga-
tor," entitled, "Have we an indigenous Aconite and Pulsatilla?
in which I gave a botanical description of the American Pulsatilla,
and solicited specimens of the plant. This inquiry was responded to
by Dr. Douglas, of Milwaukee, as above mentioned. Several other
physicians sent me dried and fresh specimens.
On the 15th of May, 1865, in the Illinois State Homœopathic Med-
ical Society, as Chairman of the Committee of Materia Medica, I
read a report in which I gave a minute description of the plant, and
its chemical and medical history up to that time. This report was
published in the "Investigator" for June, 1865. I also called the
attention of the Western Institute of Homoeopathy, to this plant, at its
annual session in St. Louis, in May, 1865.
On the 20th of June 1865, Dr. Burt, of Lincoln, Ill., commenced
proving the plant. This proving was sent me several months after,
and published with some clinical observations, in the "United States
54
850
NEW REMEDIES
Medical and Surgical Journal," January, 1866.
ings have been made and are given below.
A few other prov-
It has since been used by hundreds of homoeopathic physicians,
but the records of its use have not been published. I have, however,
gathered from some of my colleagues, a few clinical cases, illustrative
of its curative action,
PHARMACEUTICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The standard preparation used
should be a tincture of the whole plant, made by adding to the fresh
plant an equal weight of 95 per centalcohol, allowing it to stand three
weeks, then decant and filter, and put up in glass stopped bottles,
and put in a dark, cool place.
Make the dilution with pure homoeopathic alcohol, unless
such dilution deposit a sediment, in which case add, drop by drop,
distilled water, until the precipitate is taken up. If it should be
ascertained that a precipitate uniformly deposits upon using strong
alcohol, substitute alcohol diluted with one-twentieth or cnc-tenth its
bulk of distilled water. It is probable that the sediment contains
some of the valuable constituents of the plant, and should for this rea-
son be kept in solution.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture, and its dilutions and tritura-
tions.
FRAGMENTARY PROVING, BY W. H. BURT, M. D.
[I have the pleasure of presenting the profession with the first
proving of this new remedy. Although but a fragmentary one, it
seems to be quite reliable, and will be an important guide to the
proper use of the medicine: Many of the symptoms are quite sug-
gestive, and it is interesting to note the points of resemblance be-
tween the American and the European plant. Dr. Burt writes me
that he was surprised at the great difference between the pathogen-
etic action of the two plants. He says he expected more symptoms
of the bowels from massive doses. He was also surprised to get so
many prominent symptoms from the dilutions, and admits that his
scepticism gives way, before results of experiments with the dilutions.
on his own person. Dr. Burt expected to get a proving on a woman,
but was not able to accomplish that result.]*
""
Condition of the Prover before taking the medicine.-In good
health; good appetite; tongue clean; alvine evacuations normal-
once a day, in the morning. Since proving the Boletus, my ankles
are very weak, and pain me more or less every day, especially in the
afternoon.
Proving made with the 5th decimal dilution, prepared from a
tincture sent me by Prof. Hale, of Chicago. The first two were pre-
pared with pure alcohol-the last two with pure water. This was
done to avoid any possible effects of alcohol.
First Experiment.—At 7 a. M., June 20th, one hour before break-
* United States Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. I, p. 65.
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
851
fast, took one ounce. 9 A. M.,-for the last half hour have had a
pricking-burning sensation in the centre of the epigastrium, with a
feeling of distention in the abdomen, accompanied by a slight, dull
frontal headache. 10 A. M., burning sensation of the eyelids, with a
slight headache; distress in the whole epigastrium, with severe, cut-
ting pains passing through the stomach to the spine, lasting half an
hour; drawing pains in the sartorius muscle, (left) when walking. 1
P. M., sharp pains in the stomach every few moments for the last two
hours, feeling as if needles were being pressed through the stomach;
frequent pains in the wrists and fingers, lasting but a moment.
4 P.
M., several times have had hard pains in the whole upper forehead,
that would pass to the back of the head, like a wave, affecting the
whole brain. Sharp, neuralgic pains, passing from the hip joint down
to the middle of the thigh, along the great ischiatic nerve.
10 P. M.,
frequent eructations of sour air, with a sad, gloomy state of the mind;
distress in the epigastrium.
21st. Slept well; feeling well; took a fluid ounce at 7 A. M. 8 A.
м, slight frontal headache, with severe, sharp, cutting pains in the
epigastrium; hard, lumpy stool. 12 м., a number of times have had
a hard pain over the left eye, feeling as if a nail were being pressed
into the forehead; a number of times have had sharp pains in the
stomach; distress in the umbilicus; smarting of the eye-lids; all the
forenoon have had hard, drawing pains from the first to the second
joint of the right middle finger. 9 P. M., sad and gloomy; very tired
from a hard day's work.
22d.-Eye-lids agglutinated; yellowish coating along the centre
of the tongue; flat taste in the mouth; natural stool; dull pains in
the right ankle joint. 12 m., took a fluid ounce. 9 P. M., have had a
slight, dull, frontal headache all day; smarting of the eyes, with
profuse flow of tears; for two hours after taking the medicine, had a
constant fluttering noise in the right ear; drawing, cutting pains in
the lower epigastrium all the afternoon; dull pains in the right hypo-
chondrium, lasting ten minutes at a time; stiffness of the fingers,
with dull pains in the ankles and toes; sharp pains in the first joint
of the right forefinger.
23d. Had a restless night, with severe frontal headache, caused
by a sour stomach. (Severe thunder storm from 3 to 10 a. M.) For
two hours, while in bed, had severe pain in the whole right knee, of
a dull aching character; drawing pains in the right ankle; tongue
coated yellow along the centre; flat, bitter taste; constant, dull pains
in the whole abdomen; natural stool; hands hot and dry. 11 A. M.
852
NEW REMEDIES.
-Dull pain in the right temple; constant dull distress in the lower
part of the epigastrium. Took one fluid ounce.
Took one fluid ounce. 9 P. M.-All the
afternoon and evening have had constant distress in the lower part of
the epigastrium; slight, drawing pains by spells in the fingers and
toes; languid, with a gloomy state of the mind.
24th.-Hard, colicky pains after midnight in the epigastrium. 6
A. M.-Mushy stool, with hard pains in the epigastrium. 4 P. M..-A
number of times through the day had hard, cutting pains in the lower
part of the epigastrium; smarting of the eyes. Took one fluid ounce,
9 P. M.-Dull headache; smarting of the eyes; hard, drawing pains
along the right eustachian tube, for half an hour; dull distress in the
lower epigastrium and umbilicus; drawing pains in the left metacar-
pal bones.
25th.-Profuse secretion of the mucus of the eyes through the
night; severe pain in the lower portion of the epigastrium at 7 a. M.,
followed by a mushy stool. 9 r.
9 P. M.-Have had constant distress in
the lower portion of the epigastrium all day, with flying pains in the
head and feet.
26th.-Eye-lids agglutinated; soft stool at 6 A. M.; frequent spell
of distress in the lower part of the stomach.
27th.-Severe pain in the umbilicus at 6 A. M., with a desire for
stool; dark colored stool, covered slightly with mucus, followed by
the same pains for half an hour; sharp, stabbing pains in the pecto-
ralis major muscle for five minutes, followed by a burning distress
where the pains were. 11 a. м.—Took one fluid ounce of the 2d,
prepared in water from the 1st alcoholic dilution. 3 P. M.-For one
hour after taking the medicine, was very chilly, with a constant incli-
nation to yawn; severe, dull, frontal headache; smarting of the eyes;
have had a number of spells of severe distress in the epigastrium,
with dull pains in the right hypochondrium; dull pains in the lumbar
region; very languid and feverish. 10 P. M.-Slight headache ;
smarting of the eyes; face hot and flushed; all the evening and after-
noon, have had a feeling as if I must go to sool immediately, with
constant distress in the lower part of the epigastrium and umbilicus;
hard, dry, dark, lumpy stool at 10 P. M.; dull pains in the right hypo-
chondrium; dull distress in the testicles, with drawing pains along
the left spermatic cord; have had frequent flying pains in the hands,
feet, and toes; hands hot and dry; sharp, drawing pains along the
outside of the left knee, half way down the leg; have been very
sleepy all the afternoon.
28th.-Slept well; smarting of the eyes, with deep, dull pains in
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
853
the orbits; tongue coated yellow along the centre; flat rough taste in
the mouth. The muscles of the arms ache, and are quite stiff,
(especially the flexors); passed off in a short time after moving
them; hands hot and dry; fingers stiff; flying pains in the ankles.
11 A. M.-Have hard stitching pains in the left spermatic cord and
testicle. Took one fluid ounce. 5 г. M.-Dull pains deep in the
eyes, with smarting of the eyes; distress in the epigastrium. Three
times have had hard stitching pains in the left spermatic cord, last-
ing from five to ten minutes each time. Have a good deal of dull
pain in the left hypochondrium. 9 P. M.-Smarting of the eyes all
the evening; dull pains in the left hypochondrium. A number of
times have had stitching, drawing pains along the left spermatic cord;
twice have had dull pains in the testicles--more in the right one.
pains in the lumbar région.
29th. Very languid to-day, with great depression of spirits, want
to sleep all the time; dry, lumpy stool at 6 A. M. Slight secretion of
mucus in the eyes; tongue coated yellow along the centre.
6 P. M.-
Natural stool.
30th.-Feeding well. Slight agglutination of the eye-lids in the
morning; bowels natural. There is an eruption breaking out on my
ankles, itching severely at night.
July 11th. The eruption on my ankles has extended half way up
to my knees, and several large blotches are on my back. The erup-
tion is as large as a three-cent piece, and from that down to a fine
eruption; the color is a dark red; it itches more or less all the time,
but at night the itching is most intolerable The eruption stands out
from the skin very prominently, and is exceedingly hard. The last
two days it is commencing to pass away. This eruption might not be
an effect of the Pulsatilla, but I never had anything like it
before and I shall attribute it to the Pulsatilla, until it is proven
otherwise,
SECOND EXPERIMENT BY DR. BURT.
My friend, Dr. Cole, of Janesville, Wisconsin, was so kind as to
send me a small plant of the Pulsatilla nuttalliana. I put it in two
ounces of alcohol, and let it macerate sixteen days before using it.
He says the Pulsatilla nuttalliana grows there on sandy hills, where
vegetation is very limited. Commenced August 11th.
11 A. M.-Took one quarter of an ounce. 12 M.-Sharp pains in
the right temple; profuse secretion of tears, with dull pains in the
eye-ball, extending to the malar bone; severe burning in the stomach.
854
NEW REMEDIES.
5 P. M.—Have had a dull headache all the afternoon, in the upper part
of the forehead, with heaviness of the eye-lids-almost impossible to
keep my eyes open; dull pains in the eye-balls, and smarting of the
lids, with increased secretion of tears. Feeling in the left ear as if it
were closed. Constant distress in the epigastrium, with frequent,
hard, drawing pains in the left side, just below the stomach; rum-
bling in the bowels. Hands hot and dry, with stiffness of the fingers.
10 P. M.—Have all of the above symptoms, but the pain in the lower
part of the epigastrium has been very severe all the evening. Feel-
ing feverish, with great debility.
12th. Slept soundly, but feeling very languid. Profuse secre-
tion of mucus in the eyes; neuralgic pains in the eye-balls while
walking, more in the right. Constant distress in the epigastrium. 7
A. M.-Took half an ounce, and took my breakfast half an hour after-
afterwards, 10 A. M.-The pains in the head and eyes are the same
as they were yesterday, with frequent pains in the ears, of a drawing
character, from the inside, outwards; feeling as if the ears were
closed. Severe cutting pains in the lower part of the epigastrium
and right hypochondrium; nausea, lasting about one minute, at two
different times. Dull pains in the ankles. Great debility; hands
hot; feeling feverish, but the pulse is not affected. any. 12 M.-The
pains are all the same, with frequent snapping noises in the ears. 8
P. M.-Same symptoms, but not so strongly marked.
13. Slept soundly. Large secretion of mucus in the eyes.
Slight pains, by spells, in the epigastrium. 9 P. M.-Frequent draw-
ing pains in the ears all day, with occasional sharp pains in the right
temple and eyes. Frequent spells of dull, drawing pains in the epi-
gastrium, and right hypochondrium. 10 P. M.-Sharp, cutting pains
in the umbilicus, followed by a natural stool, it being the first stool
since I commenced the last proving.
14th.-Rough, flat taste in the mouth; frequent sharp pains in the
right ear and temple; Dull pains by spells in the epigastrium. The
eruption is all gone away. Natural stool at P. M.
15th.--Feeling well.
My hands were dry and
Natural stool at 8 A. M. (Rained all day.)
hot all day, but no rheumatic symptoms
were noticed, excepting once, had drawing pains in the testicles.
MISS C――'s proving. —(FIRST PROVING.)
A young lady aged 18; small frame, fair complexion, blue eyes;
menses irregular; not very strong and healthy, but very well at the
time of the proving.
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
855
Sept. 9th.-At 8 o'clock, A. M., 12 м, and 5:30 r. м., took five
drops.
7th.-At 8 o'clock and 12, took five drops, in a teaspoonful of
water.
8th.-At 8 A. M., 12, and 6th P. M., took ten drops.
Sept. 9th, 10th and 11th, at 8 A. M., 12, and 6 P. M., each day
took twenty drops in a teaspoonful of water.
No symptoms until the last day.
About eight o'clock in the evening, my eyelids commenced smart-
ing and itching, and on retiring the lids felt very hot to the eye. In
the morning, the eyes were slightly sealed by a soft yellow matter;
in an hour, I noticed a thick, white substance on the edge of the
lower lid, next to the eyeball. After being out in the open air, on
entering the house, a dizziness in the head and an inclination to nau-
sea; bowels slightly relaxed.
Sept. 12th. At 8 A. M., 12 and 6 P. M., took twenty drops; pas-
sages more frequent and moist.
13th.—At 8 A. м, 12, and 5:30 P. M., took 30 drops. Here I
stopped taking the medicine.
18th.—In the evening felt very chilly, at times shaking as if with
ague.
MISS C-'S SECOND PROVING.
Sept. 19th.-Took 20 drops in half a glass of water; no symptoms.
20th.-Took one dram in half a glass of water; in the evening,
very cold feet, remaining until retiring.
21st. One teaspoonful of the 2d dilution, three times a day, at
10, 11, and 5:30. At 6 o'clock, a sensation as if there was a plug
in the lower part of the throat, remaining until retiring; in the
morning it had disappeared.
22d.-A raw, tickling sensation in the throat, followed by the
sensation of the plug as before noted. At ten o'clock, it was felt but
slightly, and I again took one teaspoonful of the second dilution, and
repeated the dose at 12, 2, and 4 o'clock.
23d. Omitted taking it.
24th. Took one teaspoonful at 9, 11, 2, 4, and 6 o'clock; no other
symptoms. Before taking Pulsatilla, I had been troubled with wind
in the stomach, feeling bloated; had a good appetite, or rather,
wanted to eat, but could not eat much for this fullness in the stom-
ach. It has disappeared and has not returned up to the present
time, October 3d. After taking the Pulsatilla, sharp, shooting
856
NEW REMEDIES.
pains through both temples, which were not very frequent before,
were very frequent and more severe.
The prover informs me that her menses have been more regular
since the proving. (Dec. 1st.)
LR, HALE'S PROVING.
Mrs. W., a lady of 30, in good health, the mother of several chil
dren, of a nervous temperament, dark hair and eyes.
Feb. 3.-Says she has passed her usual menstrual period four
days. She does not, however, feel any unpleasant sensations or any
indications of their appearance; is quite constipated. Took Pulsa-
tilla nuttalliana as follows: one dram in half a glass of water, a spoon-
ful every hour, beginning at 10 A. M., and taking none after 10 p. m.
No symptoms.
Feb. 4.-Early in the morning, (7 o'clock,) resumed the medicine.
At 8 felt stinging, darting pains passing through the uterine region,
from side to side. At 10 a good deal of chilliness for an hour, with
a loose, papescent stool, attended with some griping in the bowels;
four similar stools occurred during the day. At noon began to feel
great weakness in the legs, could scarcely stand, and walking became
difficult; it was a "trembling weakness," she said, with a sensation
of great weriness and heaviness. This continued until she went to
bed. During the afternoon an intense nausea was felt after each dose,
for half an hour, but she could not vomit. Nearly all day had fre-
quent inclination to urinate, soon passing off without urination, but
recurring frequently. Actual urination was too frequent, however,
about every three hours, an unusual thing, as she habitually urinated
only three times daily. The urine had a natural appearance, but was
rather above the usual quantity. She felt very irritable, "cross;"
could not bear to be spoken to; noise vexed her; felt like weeping
at trifling annoyances. Discontinued the medicine at 10) P. M.
Feb. 5.-Awoke feeling well, except weakness.
taken that day, and no symptoms appeared.
No medicine
Feb. 10. Has felt well since the fifth. No appearance of the
menses.
Remarks. This fragmentary proving is somewhat suggestive. It
was not intneded that she should take such large doses. The direc-
tions given verbally to the husband were misunderstood. Ten drops
to half a glass of water was ordered.
Several facts are elicited by this experiment, (1.) That the action
of this medicine is not always immediately noticed. No symptoms
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
857
apparent the first day. (2.) The symptoms appear to commence in the
morning at 8 o'clock. (3.) The short duration of its action. Although
quite severe in its effects, they disappeared wholly, after a night's
sleep. This may be accounted for from the fact that the prover had a
strong, healthy constitution, which not only resisted its first effects,
but readily threw off its influence. In a person of more delicate con-
stitution, the results might have been different. Had the medicine
been continued, a characteristic and interesting train of symptoms,
would doubtless have been elicited. The lady, however, suspected
she was pregnant, and declined taking any more, as she feared it
would cause abortion. The sequel proved that she was mistaken, for
at the eighth week after the last appearance, a severe congestive
headache set in, together with other symptoms, calling for the use of
Sabina, which was given, with the effect of bringing on the menses
rather profusely, to the relief of all the other symptoms.
RESUME.
Characteristic Peculiarities.-1. Constant distress, with fre-
quent sharp pains in the lower part of the epigastrium.
2. Most of the pains are of a flying character, and of short dura-
tion.-See Bell.-H.
3. The pains are more in the daytime, and especially while sit-
ting down.
4. Motion relieves most of the pains.
5. Eating mitigates the pains in the epigastrium. (See Arnica.
-H.)
6. The eruption is greatly aggravated by warmth, and at night.
(See Mercurius, etc.-H.)
7. The symptoms appear in the morning.
ON THE ACTION OF PULSATILLA.
Although physicians of the homoeopathic school are very well
acquainted with the symptomology of Pulsatilla nigricans, its patho-
logical or toxical effects are not generally understood-perhaps the
least understood of any of the drugs we use.
Hahnemann, in his orginal provings does not mention or refer to
any cases of poisoning from this plant.
Hempel, generally apt to collect cases of poisoning by drugs, does
not mention any of Pulsatilla, in his works,
Some of the older German writers mention some of the severe
effects of this plant, but no cases of fatal poisoning.
858
NEW REMEDIES.
Deitz says an over-dose of Pulsatilla is apt to cause pain in the
stomach, canine hunger, nausea and vomiting, slimy stools, frequent
discharge of urine, profuse and offensive sweat, excessive weakness,
so that the person was obliged to keep her bed; outbreak of vesicular
eruption on various parts of the body; trembling of the limbs, and
peculiar pains in both eyes.
Vogt says that the most marked and constant of actions, are,
increased flow of urine, and increased secretion of mucus from the
nose and air tubes, and of perspiration.
Sorbenheim says it acts upon the eyes and skin, mucous membrane
and urinary organs in quite a specific manner.
Dierbach says it causes offensive perspirations of the feet and
arm-pits, vesicular and pustulated eruptions, profuse flow of urine,
and that suppressed piles and menses are apt to reappear under its
use; it is also apt to excite an irritation to cough, repeated sneezing,
headache, dizziness, pain, sensitiveness, and dimness of the eyes;
also nausea, vomiting, pains in the stomach and bowels, colic and
slimy diarrhoea.
English and French physicians do not give any original ideas
relative to the action of the Pulsatilla.
American physicians are all silent on this subject, with one nota-
ble exception, namely, the late Professor Tully, one of the best medi-
cal minds of this century, in the allopathic school. His observations
are suggestive, and although couched in the antiquated phraseology
affected by him, are well worthy our careful study.
"Perhaps," he says, "the medicinal species of the genus Pulsa-
tilla, which I believe have been reported by some to be narcotic, of a
non-sedative, and non stupefying character, may in in fact be erethis-
tic after the manner of the Aconite. I am inclined to think they
are, but I have no certain knowlege on the subject. These articles,
in excessive quantities, are certainly capable of producing constitu-
tional irritation, with jactitation; and I do not doubt if pushed to a
sufficient extent, they would also occasion rapidly progressive exhaus-
tion of the powers and energies of the nerves of chemical action,
nutrition, and reproduction."
I imagine Dr. Tully meant to convey the idea that the Pulsatilla,
(also the anemones) may cause death by their erethistic (irritant)
effect, (primary) on the whole nervous system, (the spinal cord) caus-
ing exhaustion and paralysis, (secondary).
* Materia Medica, vol. 2, p. 941.
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
859
Homœopathic writers assert that the action of Pulsatilla is almost
entirely spent on the skin and mucous membranes causing profuse
discharges of mucus and sweat, and eruptions. But these effects do
not by any means include all the pathological actions of the drug.
The Pulsatilla has a decided action on the fibrous tissues of the
body, also on the nervous system.
The action of Pulsatilla,-(by which I mean to include the indi-
genous with the foreign species,) may be thus arranged.
ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Nerves of Motion.-Pulsatilla is not a tetanic irritant like Nux,
Ignatia and others of this group, nor a paralyzing sedative like Gel-
seminum and its analogues. It causes a state of erethism. This con-
dition does not result in spasm, tonic or clonic. Transient jactitation,
twitching, tremors, and perversions of the motions of the body, being
the extent of its action on the motor nerves. Both the indigenous
and foreign species cause "great weakness, heaviness and trembling of
the limbs." The foreign species has cured paralysis of the lower
limbs, and the indigenous species is indicated in the same condition.
The primary action of Pulsatilla resembles the secondary action of
the so-called "Nervines "-namely: Asafoetida, Valerian, Scutellaria
and Cypripedium. The nerves of motion are deprived of their normal
tone, and become irritable, and their action perverted.
Whether the Pulsatilla acts directly on the nervous centres, or
indirectly, by irritating their periphery, I am not prepared to decide.
Nerves of Sensation.—These nerves are equally irritable, and
and their functions perverted by Pulsatilla, as in the nerves of
motion. We thus get abnormal sensatisns of heat and cold, neural-
gia, hyperæsthesia, etc.
Ganglionic System. The action of Pulsatilla on these nerves
is, firstly, excessive irritation, followed by a condition bordering on
paralysis.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Pulsatilla, in common with some of its
analogues, has a specific power to cause those reflex irritations of the
nervous system, which we so often see in disease. It may induce
nausea and vomiting by its action on the uterus; palpitation of the
heart, from this and other causes; functional affections of the eyes,
amaurosis and the like, from distant irritations; vertigo, headache,
toothache, paralytic sensations in the extremities, etc.; all from causes
remote from the apparent seat of the disease.
The chlorotic condition which Pulsatilla is capable of causing, is
not always the result of idiopathic indigestion, but oftener a debili-
tated and irritated condition of the nerves which govern nutrition;
860
NEW REMEDIES.
digestion and assimilation are thus prevented, and we have a chlor-
osis of a purely nervous origin.
Muscular System.-Its action on this system is never direct,
but only through the nerves of motion.
Mucous System.-The Pulsatilla has a distinct and specific
action on the mucous membranes, causing intense irritation, followed
by more or less profuse discharges of a blennorrhagic or catarrhal
nature. Its action rarely goes on to ulceration. If 'these discharges
are prevented, or suddenly arrested, as in natural diseases, the ser-
ous and fibrous tissues take on an active inflammation, Thus, a
Pulsatilla-catarrh may result in a synovitis, more rarely a pleuritis-
or a pseudo rheumatic affection of the periosteum and the fibrous
portions of the muscles. In the same way, a Pulsatilla blennorrhoea
may change its location from one portion of the mucous surface to an-
other. A leucorrhoea may change to a conjunctivitis, or bronchitis.
Such is the protean and erratic character of the Pulsatilla-catarrh,
that it may suddenly change to a neuralgia, a chorea, an arrest of
nutrition, or a swelling of some of the glands-generally the testicles
or ovaries.
Glandular System.-As intimated above, the Pulsatilla may
affect the glands indirectly, we believe never directly.
Vascular System. (See fever.) The Pulsatilla does not appear
to affect the heart and arteries directly.
Venous System.-It causes many symptoms of venous stagnation,
and has been used successfully in varicosis, and other diseases of this
system, but in what way it acts on these vessels I cannot say.
The observations above set forth may be found to be crude and
incorrect, but in the absence of any pathological provings, they are
the best that I can give.
It is to be hoped the homoeopathic profession will make the Ameri-
can Pulsatilla an exhaustive study, both by pathogenetic (symptom-
atic) and pathological (toxical) experiments, in such a thorough man-
ner as to arrive at its real sphere of action,
Skin.-7. Eruptions on the back, legs and ankles, of a dark,
bluish, red color, attended, through the day, with more or less itch-
ing, but at night, the itching is most intolerable. The eruption stands.
out prominently from the skin, and is from the size of a three cent
piece down to a miliary eruption. The accompanying plate* will give
the reader an accurate idea of the eruption; both sides of the legs
were affected similarly to the one shown in the drawing.
* See plate in U. S. Med. and Surg, Jour., January, 1866.
M
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
861
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From this proving, we learn that its
effects are very similar to those of urticaria; and I would urge my
colleagues to make a trial of it in this most obstinate discase.-(Burt.)
Dr. Miller, (allopath,) has found it useful in many syphilitic erup-
tions, but does not describe their exact character and appearance.
-(H.)
Sleep.-8. Great inclination to sleep in the day time.
9. Sleep soundly every night, but awake feeling unrefreshed, as
if I had not slept.
Fever.-10.-Pale, weak, with a feverish feeling, and great
debility.
11. Chilliness over the whole body, with frequent yawning.
12. Hands hot and dry.
13. Face hot and flushed, with dull headache.
A good deal of chilliness for an hour, at 10 A. M., followed by low,
papescent stool, with griping.
Moral Symptoms.-14. Gloomy state of mind, with eructations of
sour air.
15. Sad and gloomy most of the time, while proving the dilu-
tions.
She felt very irritable, "cross," could not bear to be spoken to;
noise vexed her; felt like weeping at trifling annoyances.
Sensorium.— 16. Confusion in the head, so that it was impossible
to study.
Head.-17. A number of times had a hard pain in the upper por-
tion of the forehead, that would pass to the back of the head, affecting
the whole brain like a wave.
18. Feeling as if a nail were being pressed into the brain just
above the left eye, a number of times.
19. Constant dull pain in the upper portion of the forehead.
20. Severe frontal headache all night, caused by a sour stomach.
21. Dull, heavy pains in the right temple.
22. Frequent sharp, cutting pains in both temples, but most in
the right.
Full, hot feeling at the cerebellum; severe headache; dull, heavy
feeling in the head in the morning, less in the afternoon; next day,
brain quite clear.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Compare symptom 17, with a symptom
of Pulsatilla nigricans, viz: Headache arising from the nape of the
the neck and upwards.' The headaches of Puls. Nutt. would seem to
be both rheumatic and gastric, taking the form of hemicrania, "clavus
862
NEW REMEDIES.
hystericus," or from indigestion, in all of which it may prove useful.
I have used this remedy in three cases of headache, one of which was
cured by it. It was that of a lady in the country, whose case was
described to me by the husband, as "sick-headache," commencing in
the middle of the day, with intense pain in one side of the head and
one eye, accompanied by chilliness, lowness of spirits, and finally
vomiting. The vomiting usually relieved the pain-after which, she
could go to sleep. Those paroxysms had occurred, usually, twice a
week for several years, She took five drops of the 2d "dilution three
times a day for four weeks. After commencing the medicine, she
had but two attacks of headache-the last paroxysm very light.
is now three months, and there has been no headache of any severity
since.-H. (See Case II., of Amenorrhea.)
Eyes.-23. Burning, smarting sensation in the eye-lids.
24. Increased secretion of tears.
25. Agglutination of the lids in the morning.
26. Severc, dull headache, with heaviness of the eye-lids.
It
27. Neuralgic pains in the eye-balls, while walking in the open
air.
28. Dull pains in the eye-ball.
A hot feeling of the inside of the lids in the evening; burning,
and smarting of the eyelids.-(Miss C.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Miller, of St. Paul, writes that he
has cured several cases of opacity of the cornea, of long standing, in
which the loss of sight was nearly complete. He used a decoction of
the plant, but does not mention the dose, but says, "two fluid ounces
were used in two weeks." This proving would indicate its usefulness
in catarı hal and neuralgic affections of the eyes.—H.
Ears.-29. Fluttering noise in the right ear-first symptom of
the ear.
ear.
30. Drawing pains in the ears, from within outwards.
31. Feeling as if the left ear were closed.
32. Snapping noises in the ears,
33. Frequent drawing pains in the ears for several days.
34. Drawing pains along the right eustachian tube, to the internal
Mouth.-35. Yellowish coating on the tongue along the centre.
36. Tongue coated slightly white.
37. Flat, bitter taste.
Gastric Symptoms.-38. Nausea at two different times, lasting
but a minute at a time.
49. Eructations of sour air, with a gloomy state of mind.
40. Eructations of tasteless air.
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
863
During the afternoon, an intense nausea was felt after each dose,
but she could not vomit.
Throat.-Sensation of a lump in the throat, recurring frequently.
Stomach. 41. Prickling, burning sensation in the pit of the
stomach.
42. Severe cutting pains in the stomach, with feeling of distension
in the whole abdomen, accompanied with dull headache.
43. Distress in the whole epigastrium, with sharp, cutting pains
in the stomach, passing towards the spine, for half an hour.
44. Feeling as if fine needles were being pressed into the stomach.
45. Sharp, cutting pains in the stomach, all the evening, every
few minutes.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—This remedy seems to cause eructa-
tions and acidity, with consequent headache-similar to its European
analogue. In the few cases of indigestion in which I have used it, it
has seemed to act as favorably. The pains all seem to be of a sharp,
pricking or cutting character.-H.
Abdomen.—46. Drawing, cutting pains in the lower part of the
epigastrium ;—constant symptom during the whole proving.
47. Constant distress in the lower part of the epigastrium;-con-.
stant symptom.
48. Dull pains in the right hypochondrium, lasting ten minutes at
a time.
49. Colicky pains in the epigastrium, after midnight.
50. Frequent hard, cutting pains in the lower part of the epigas-
trium, several days.
51. Sharp pains in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium.
52. Dull pains in the left hypochondrium.
53. Rumbling in the bowels.
Stool.-54 Hard, lumpy stools.
55. Mushy stools, succeeded by cutting pains in the epigastrium.
56. Severe cutting pains in the umbilicus, at 6 A. M., followed by
a dark colored stool, slightly covered with mucus.
57. Desire for stool all the afternoon (and evening, followed by
dark, lumpy stool at 10 P. M.
58. Dry, lumpy stools.
59. Natural stool, after retention for three days.
60. Stools, preceeded and followed by pains in the lower part o
the epigastrium.
Loose papescent stools, commencing at 10 A. M., with chilliness,
several similar stools during the day; stools attended with some
griping in the lower bowels.
864
NEW REMEDIES.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-As Dr. Burt remarks, this remedy
does not seem to irritate the intestinal canal to any marked degree.
In another prover, however, it might act differently. In several
cases of ordinary diarrhoea, in children and adults, of a catarrhal
character, or from indigestion, the undue evacuations have seemed to
cease sooner under the administration of this remedy than if left to
themselves.-H.
Urine.-61. No particular effect upon the urinary organs. (Burt.)
Frequent desire to urinate, all day; the desire soon passing off with-
out urination, but returning at short intervals; urination every three
hours, and too profuse; light colored urine. (Hale.)
DR. T. C. DUNCAN'S EXPERIMENT.
Nov. 3d, 1866.—Urinary organs normal for several days. Specific
gravity of urine, at 7 A. м, 1.018-20; at 10 r. м., 1.026–30. Amount
voided daily 30 to 36 ounces.
Chemical Analysis-Revealed the presence of uric acid, earthy
phosphates, chloride of sodium, etc.
Physical Properties.-Acid, strong, uriniferous odor; color, dark
yellow.
Microscopic Examinations.-Showed the presence of crystals of
urea, uric acid, many of the triple phosphates, urate of ammonia, and
a few squamous epithelia.
At 10 P. M., took one-half ounce of the macerated tincture of
Pulsatilla nuttalliana, prepared six months previously, with alcohol
diluted one-half.
Nov. 4th.-At 2 A. M., awoke with great urging to urinate, (this
was something unusual;) voided ten ounces of very light colored
urine, specific gravity 1.010; my skin is hot and flushed. 8 A. M.,
great urging to urinate; voided only seven ounces, this was darker
in color, but still not normal; specific gravity 1.014. 10 P. M., some
pain or rather uneasiness in the kidneys and bladder; 35 ounces of
urine voided during the 24 hours; specific gravity of the last 1.030.
Took three drams. In about an hour this was followed by a full, hot
feeling at cerebellum.
Nov, 5th.-At 7 A. M., great urging to urinate; voided seven
ounces of dark, yellow urine; specific gravity 1.027. 10 P. M,, with
every evacuation of urine, some tenesmus and strangury. The
uneasiness of the kidneys has been more marked to-day; specific
gravity 1.031. Voided in the last 24 hours 25 ounces of urine.
Nov. 6th.-7 A. M., specific gravity 1.025; 10 P. M., tenesmus has
been more marked, extending up the ureters, increasing the uneasi-
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
865
ness of the kidneys. The amount of urine passed to-day was 23 oun-
ces. All the afternoon I have had a severe headache; bowels consti
pated; but little appetite; specific gravity 1.030.
Nov. 7th.-At 7 A. M., urine quite light in color; specific gravity
1.014. 10 P. M., urine has been copious to-day; have but little of
the tenesmus; dull heavy feeling in the head in the morning, less in
the afternoon.
Nov. 8th.—At 7 A. M., specific gravity of urine 1.016, copious light
colored; brain quite clear; feel about all right; just a little uneasi-
ness at the kidneys,
Physical Properties.—The urine was at first (next day,) of a light
straw color, after standing some time (48 hours,) it began to smell
putrid, owing to the destruction of the large amount of albumen in
it, epithelium, serum, etc..
While under the influence of the additional three drams, my urine
was of a dark yellow color; the uriniferous odor was not so strong as
in normal urine; after standing some time it would deposit a light
cloudy precipitate.
The urine of Nov. 7th and 8th returned to the light straw color,
with but little smell, and soon threw down a light colored, fleecy
sediment.
Chemical Analysis.—A careful analysis of the light colored urine
revealed the presence of albumen and the phosphates in excess;
urine feebly acid. The dark colored urine revealed an excess of uric.
acid and the phosphates; urine strongly acid.
Microscopic Examination.—The light colored urine voided Nov.
4th, in the field of the microscope, 600 diameters, revealed quite a
number of epithelia, and after standing, a large amount of phosphates,
earthy and triple. In the dark colored urine was seen many crystals
of uric acid and especially of the phosphates.
The light colored urine voided on the 7th and 8th, showed a large
amount of epithelia, renal casts of the tubuli uriniferi and mucus
corpuscles.
It will be seen that Pulsatilla Nuttalliana acts powerfully on the
kidneys, congesting the cortical portion, increasing the action of the
epithelium of the mucous membrane, in fact, getting up an inflamma-
tion of the whole urinary tract, which is followed by desquamation of
the mucous membrane of the renal ducts, or in other words, a peeling
off of the dead cells of the tubuli uriniferi, tubes of ferrein, ureters,
bladder, etc.
55
866
NEW REMEDIES.
·
I feel confident that had I carried my experiment further, I would
have had a case of true nephritis.
I think the headache was due to the retention of the post-organic
matter in the blood, poisoning the neurine cells of the encephalon.
I took no note of the constitutional symptoms, for that was not the
object of the experiment.
Genital Organs of Men.-62. Dull distress in the testicles, with
drawing pains along the left spermatic cord to the testicles.
63. Sharp, sticking pains in the left spermatic cord and testicles.
64. Dull pains in the testicles.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It seems to cause pain in the testicles
and spermatic cord, similar to those we have often cured with Pul-
satilla, and may prove an equally valuable remedy in orchitis, or neu-
ralgia of those organs.*
Genital Organs of Women.-Sharp pains in the uterus, from
side to side, accompanied with chilliness; trembling weakness of the
legs; urging to urinate, and diarrhoea. Menses more regular since
proving the drug.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Miller (allopath) writes that he
has used it successfully in leucorrhoea and irregular menstruation. I
have sent the tincture to many of my colleagues, requesting them to use
it in uterine diseases, but no reports have yet come in. I have used
it in one case, with decided advantage.
Amenorrhea.—In retention of the menses from a cold, or other
incidental causes, and in recent cases, the Pulsatilla Nuttalliana has
proved curative in many instances.
The following case was published with the original provingt and
and the experience of several physicians has since confirmed its
. clinical value.
Case 1.-A young lady on a visit to this city from Boston,
who had previously been subjected to retardation of the menses-
postponing three or four weeks beyond their usual time-applied to
me for relief from the following symptoms:
Constant chilliness; coldness of the hands and feet; loss of
appetite; sour eructations; nausea after meals; hemicrania; tooth-
ache; melancholy and general malaise. The menses were retarded
two weeks beyond their normal time. She said the precursory symp
toms of menstruation occurred while on her way to this city, at which
time she caught a severe cold; no menstrual symptoms now.
This was a case in which any physician of our school would have
prescribed the European Pulsatilla. I thought it a good opportunity
to try the American plant. Thirty drops of the first dilution were
mixed with half a glass of water, a spoonful to be taken every two
* Since the above was written I have removed symptoms 62 and 63, which had lasted a week,
in a man subject to seminal emissions, with this remedy.-H.
↑ United States Medical and Surgical Journal, volume I., page 73.
•
PULSATILLA NUTTALLIANA.
867
hours. After the fourth dose the menses appeared without the usual
pains, and with a permanent disappearance of all the constitutional
symptoms. I think this may fairly be set down as a curative effect
of the Pulsatilla Nuttalliana.
Since the above was published I have used it in several cases,
only one of which I shall narrate, as it is similar to the rest. In some
cases of Amenorrhea it has failed, and the menses had to be brought
on with Senecio and Mitchella.
Case 2.-A young woman, usually healthy, plethoric, had the
menses delay two weeks. Symptoms: Severe headache all the time;
a heaviness and fullness, aggravated by movement or stooping; dim-
ness of sight, increasing to blindness when stooping or rising sud-
denly; sensation of weight in the uterine region, with considerable
aching pain extending to the back, very severe at times, especially in
the evening; hands and feet cold; weakness in the lower extremities.
Cimicifuga was given a few days, but no improvement followed its
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana was given, five drops of the 1, every
three hours. Improvement commenced the next day, (see my re-
marks on the fragmentary proving,) and the menses came profusely,
but without the renal pain-about two days before the expiration of
the eighth week. In this case a higher dilution would probably
have acted better.
use.
Dr. R. Ludlam informs me that his experience with this Pulsatilla
causes him to believe it almost identical with the foreign species, it
seeming to act in the same manner in cases of retarded menses, etc.
Dr. A. E. Small reports the two following cases of acute amenor-
rhæa, in which this remedy seemed to act in a very prompt and
powerful manner.
Case 1.—A stout, middle-aged married woman, had the menses
delay five days. This was so unusual that she applied for medicine
to bring them on. No symptoms were complained of. Pulsatilla
Nuttalliana was prescribed, 10 drops of the tincture in half a glass of
water, a spoonful every hour. After the sixth dose the menses came
on profusely, but without pain.
Case 2.-An unmarried woman, aged 18; menses had delayed
three weeks beyond their usual normal period. Pulsatilla Nuttalliana,
given as in Case 1, brought on the menses after the tenth dose.
Dr. Mann, of Ottawa, Ill., writes that he gave the Pulsatilla Nut.
to a stout, healthy woman, aged 35, who applied to him for a retarda-
ation of the menses, ten days past the natural time-no unpleasant
symptoms resulting. Five drops of the mother tincture every three
hours, brought on the menses after the fifth dose-with "headache,
nausea and diarrhea."
Chest.-65. Sharp, stabbing pains in the left pectoralis major
muscle, for five minutes, followed by a burning sensation where the
pains were.
Back.-66. Dull pains in the lumbar region, but not very
severe,
t
868
NEW REMEDIES.
67. Severe distress in the lumbar region, one afternoon during a
rain storm.
Arms.-68. The flexor muscles of the arms ache severely, and
are quite stiff. Passed off after exercising a half an hour.
69. Frequent flying pains in the wrists and fingers, during the
whole proving.
70. Hard drawing pains from the first to the second joint of the
right middle finger.
71. Stiffness of the fingers.
72. Drawing pains in the left metacarpal bones.
73. Hands hot and dry-constant symptom.
Legs.-74, Drawing pains in the left sartorius muscle, when
walking.
75. Sharp, neuralgic pains passing from the hip joint, down to the
middle of the thigh, along the course of the ischiatic nerve.
76. Dull pains in the right ankle joint.
77. Frequent dull pains in both ankles.
78. Severe, dull pains in the right knee joint, for two hours in the
morning, while in bed, during a rain storm.
79. Sharp, drawing pains along the outside of the left knee, pass-
ing half way down the leg. The rheumatic pains caused by Pulsa-
tilla Nuttalliana were not much affected by damp, rainy weather.
80. At noon, began to feel great weakness in the legs, could
scarcely stand, and walking became difficult; is was a "trembling
weakness," with a sensation of great weariness and heaviness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Rheumatismus fugax.-A strong,
healthy-looking man applied for relief from wandering rheumatic
pains, principally located in the dorsum of the right foot, and in the
loins, thighs, chest, arms, and head. The pain in the head was a dull
heavy pressure in the vertex, nearly constant, with occasional sharp
pains. Some febrile disturbances, but no local inflammatory action
in the joints or muscular tissues. The urine was scanty and de-
posited lithates. There was acidity of the stomach; bowels normal ;
appetite good. After other remedies had been tried for a week,
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana was given and removed all the symptoms in
three days.
Another, but a little different attack occurred a few months after,
and was removed again by the same remedy.
RHUS GLABRUM.
(Common Sumach.)
ANALOGUES.— Acidum gallicum, Acidum tannicum, Acidum
sulphuricum, Agave, Alnus, Baptisia, Borax, China, Geranium,
Galium, Hamamelis. Hydrastis canadensis, Myrica cerifera, Rhus
toxicodendron.(?)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Rhus glabrum, (or smooth sumach,)
is a shrub from six to fifteen feet high, consisting of many straggling,
glabrous branches, covered with a pale, gray bark, having occasion-
ally a reddish tint.
The leaves are alternate, odd-pinnate, and consisting of from six to
fifteen leaflets, about three inches long and one-fourth as wide, lance-
olate, acuminate, acutely serrate, shining and green above, whitish
beneath, sessile, except sometimes the terminal odd one; during the
fall they become red.
The flowers are greenish-red and arranged in terminal, thyrsoid,
dense panicles. Calyx of three sepals united at base; petals five;
stamens five, inserted into the edge or between the lobes of a flat-
tened disk in the bottom of the calyx; styles three; stigmas cap-
itate.
Fruit a small red drupe, hanging in clusters, and when ripe cov-
ered with a crimson down, which is extremely sour to the taste,
owing to the presence of malic acid, in combination with lime.
HISTORY.- Rhus glabrum, sometimes called upland or Pennsylva-
nia sumach, is common to the United States and Canada, growing in
thickets and waste grounds, and on rocky or barren soil, flowering in
June and July, and maintaining its fruit in September and October.
The bark and drupes or berries are officinal; the latter should be
gathered before the rains have removed their external downy appear-
ance, for when this has been washed off, the berries are no longer
acid. Sumach berries have an agreeably acid, slightly styptic taste,
and which is due to their malic acid and tannic acid; besides which
they contain malate of lime, gallic acid, extractive, fixed and volatile
oils, red coloring matter, fiber, etc. When examined under the
microscope, the silky down appears to be a mass of tubular hairs of a
white color, enveloped in a crystalline coating of bi-malate of lime,
impregnated with red coloring matter, resembling an icicle in appear-
ance; when still further matured, this down is replaced by a moist
crimson coating.
Sumach root bark is of a light gray color, with a tinge of red
externally, yellowish internally, and of a very astringent and slightly
sweet taste. When broken on the plant, a milky fluid exudes from
the bark, as well as from the leaves, which subsequently forms a solid
gum-like body. Both the bark of the branches and root are used.
870
NEW REMEDIES.
The bark of the root contains albumen, gum, starch, tannic and gallic
acids, caoutchouc, soft resin, coloring matter, and probably a volatile
odorous principle.
The excrescences which form upon the leaves are reddish-brown,
externally, grayish white internally, varying in size and appearance,
being usually very irregular in their outline, hollow, and sometimes
consist of a mere shell, of a line or less in thickness. Their taste is
slightly bitter, and very astringent. They contain tannic acid, gallic
acid, albuminous and coloring matter, and are fully equal to galls in
medicinal power.
There are several varieties of this plant, as the R. typhina, stag-
horn or velvet sumach, and the R. copallina, mountain, or dwarf sum-
ach, and R, aromatica, which possess similar virtues, and which must be
carefully distinguished from those which possess poisonous properties.
The non-poisonous species have their fruit clothed with acid crimson
hairs, and their panicles are compound, dense and terrenial; the
poisonous varieties have axillary panicles and smooth fruit.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture of the bark; dilutions.
Rhusin, triturations, Berries. [I have not sufficiently experimented
with the berries to advise any particular preparation. A trituration
might retain their qualities, or a tincture made with dilute alcohol.
A proving should be made with cach preparation, that we might com-
pare it with the proving of the bark.]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Rafinesque, with his usual brevity, remarks:
"Roots, anti-syphilitic, used in dropsy, and externally in rheumatism.
Leaves, good astringent for all fluxes; gum, similar to copal, cures
toothache when put in hollow teeth. Berries used in dysentery,
rheumatism, dyspepsia, sore-throat, putrid fever, hemorrhage,
gangrene. Seeds, in powder, used for piles and wounds. The juice
cures warts and tetters."
Dr. King says: "Sumach bark is tonic, astringent, anti-septic.
The berries refrigerant and diuretic. The bark of the root has been
found useful in gonorrhoea, leucorhoea, diarrhoea, dysentery, hectic
fever, and scrofula."
His estimate of its virtues is nearly the same that he would accord
to any simple astringent medicine. He does not seem to intimate
anything peculiar about its physiological action.
Dr. Paine says of Rhusin: "This remedy exerts a healthful
influence upon the blood and digestive organs. In many cases of
obstinate diarrhoea, where the gums are spongy, the tissues soft,
appetite vitiated, belly prominent, and other symptoms of a strong
scorbutic diathesis, this article has been very beneficial. It is valua-
ble in many cases of cholera infantum. In a case of sea scurvy, of
malignant character, I administered ten grains of the 1st trituration
with one half gr. Ferri carb., every three hours, each dose being fol-
lowed by a teaspoonful of lemon syrup. This treatment was followed
by prompt relief and in a short time a permanent cure was effected.
"In dysentery, resulting from the presence of zymotic poison, as
hospital and camp dysentery, great benefit has resulted from this
drug in combination with gelseminum and quinine.
RHUS GLABRUM.
871
"In many cases of chronic ulceration of the bowels, and disor-
ganization of the tissues, resulting from typhus and typhoid fevers, I
have combined Rhusin with Ptelin and Sulphate of Potassa, and
obtained valuable results. Externally, this remedy serves as one of
the most valuable applications we possess in violent ulcerations and
hemorrhoids. Ten grains, triturated in an ounce of glycerine, forms
a valuable ointment. This mixture is quite serviceable in apthous
sore mouth, ulcerations of the throat, following scarlatina and diph-
theria, and in chancres and syphilitic ulcers.
Dr. Scudder remarks that the decoction is useful in profuse
perspiration arising from debility; also that a free use of the bark
will produce catharsis.
Dr. Coc defines the properties of Rhusin as tonic, astringent, and
anti-septic. He employs it in diarrhoea, dysentery, apthous and
mercurial sore mouth, diabetes, leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea, hectic fever
and scrofula. He says "Rhusin may justly be classed among the most
valuable of the astringent tonics. It exercises a peculiar sanative in-
fluence over mucous membranes, and is invaluable in the treatment of
many forms of disease affecting those surfaces. Being powerfully
anti-septic, it is particulary useful in all cases manifesting a tendency
to putrescency. In diarrhoea and dysentery, after the morbid
accumulations have been removed by appropriate remedies, and the
sthenic symptoms are measurably controlled, the Rhusin will be
found of essential service in restraining and toning the action of the
bowels. For this purpose it may be given in two grain doses, every
two hours."
“When used with Lycopin it is useful in hemoptysis and hemateme-
sis. The same treatment is of great utility in the treatment of diabetes.
In cases where the system has been exhausted by profuse colliquative
discharges, and relaxed condition of the bowels remains, it may be
used with Fraserin. But the remedial value of Rhusin is best dis-
played in the treatment of apthous and mercurial affections of the
mucous surfaces. The various forms of stomatitis afford a wide range
for its employment."
"We know of no more useful agent in the treatment of the distress-
ing sequelae that sometimes follow the use of mercurials. It has been
employed with advantage in hectic fever. In scrofula also, particu-
larly those cases involving the mucous surfaces. The Rhusin is an
appropriate remedy in the diarrhoea of typhoid fever, and in all cases.
where a putrescent tendency is manifested."
To the above medical history I will add some observations of my
own.
The infusion of the root has a wide popularity among the country
people for the cure of diarrhoea and dysentery, especially adynamic
dysentery, when the discharges are fœtid and bloody. I have known
several apparently severe cases cured by this medicine, in the hands
of nurses who took the cases from allopathic physicians. I never
used it in such cases, being well satisfied with the success of our tried
remedies.
872
NEW REMEDIES.
The berries have a large popularity as a remedy for chronic
hoarseness, wheezing coughs, and laryngeal asthma-so-called.
I once had a patron who was subject to attacks every spring of
laryngeal cough, with dyspnoea, and almost complete loss of voice.
He always resorted to a tincture of the berries, (the whole panicle
was used-he called them "sumach-bobs").
The farmers are in the habit of placing the berries in the mangers,
or mixing them with the food of horses that have the " heaves." A
confidence in their efficacy in such cases is quite common. As heaves,
is a kind of asthma, probably from disease of the larynx, it would
seem to show that the sumach had really some specific relation to
the pulmonary organs.
The only proving I have obtained is given below.
It is quite
suggestive, and if verified by others, will place this medicine in a
higher position than it has heretofore occupied.
PROVING OF RHUS GLABRUM BY DR. A. V. MARSHALL, WEST CORNWALL, VT.
The preparation used was a tincture of the bark of the trunk and
limbs of the tree, gathered late in autumn. One pint of tincture from
one pound of bark, by percolation. Prover in good health; pulse 80;
bowels regular; temperament sanguine-bilious.
7
July 14-6 A м, prover took 30 drops tincture; at 9 o'clock, 60 drops;
12 M., 60 drops; felt a dull aching pain in the frontal and top parts of tue
head for a short time after taking each dose. After the two last doses
pain in the umbilical region, and occasionally during the afternoon, a
diarrhoea, increasing in constancy and severity towards evening.
P. M., a dry hard stool. Evening-Great fatigue of lower limbs so
as scarcely to be able to stand; painful fatigue after lying down ;
slept well, however, and awoke somewhat refreshed, but with a dull,
heavy headache, which was dispelled by exercise, but again returned
on resuming the use of the drug.
2nd day.—6 A. M., took 90 drops, followed by a cutting pain in the
umbilical region for a few minutes afterwards, also fullness and pain
in the top of the head. 9 A. м, took 120 drops; pain in head and bowels
constant. 2 P. M., took 120 drops; the pressing pain in head continues;
sensation of great fatigue during the latter part of the day, increasing
at evening; no stool to-day. Night-sleep disturbed by annoying
dreams.
3d day.-Arose with a severe cephalagia and great fatigue; stool
first part hard and dry, the latter, soft and moist; pain in the
bowels; loss of appetite, anorexia; 6 A.M., took 120 drops; repeating the
dose at 12 M. The symptoms continued unabated during the day.
Night-distress in stomach disturbed, very restless; dreams of fly-
ing through the air; sweat profusely during sleep.
RHUS GLABRUM.
873
4th day. Stool similar to that of yesterday; distressing pain in
stomach, aggravated by eating; sensation of hunger; the dull heavy
pain in vertex continues. At this point the administration of the
drug was discontinued, owing to the exhaustion, fatigue and pain ex-
perienced by the prover. There was some tenderness on pressure in
the umbilical region; scanty, high-colored urine; pulse 88; skin hot
and dry, with thirst; the pain in the stomach aggravated by either
food or drink; so much so as to cause the prover to nearly abstain
from their use; tongue furred white; the sensorium was affected;
weakness of memory, much indifference to surrounding objects; sen-
sation of stupidity; pain in small of back; profuse sweats at night;
could taste the drug in the mouth 30 hours after the last dose was
taken; has lost 2 lbs in the last three days.
5th day.-Symptoms continue, except that the mouth has a flat
alkaline taste; increased pain in the back. (Query-Was it in the
the lumbar region (?). Provers should be more definite). Hemor-
rhage from the left nostril and mouth; sense of coldness, while
there is an actual increase of heat in the skin; aching of lower limbs.
6th day.—Expelled two clots of blood from the throat soon after
waking; bloody scabs in the left nostril; headache until breakfast,
and a little in the afternoon; at breakfast could eat but a little,
although feeling as if he had fasted for many days; distaste for
society; no desire to speak to any one, or to be spoken to; white fur
on tongue; pulse 86; urine not so highly colored as yesterday; pain
in back and extremities continues; stool as usual in the morning;
another, hard and dry, in the evening.
7th day. Stool nearly normal; the other symptoms are ameli-
orated; left nostril hot and dry, free hemorrhage from it three times
during the latter part of the day. The prover is quite sure that the
epistaxis is caused by the action of the drug; several small ulcers
form in the buccal mucous membrane, opposite the bicuspids.
8th day. Very profuse perspiration during the night; ulcers in
the mouth are very sensitive; the general debility, pressure in the
vertex, and sharp, cutting abdominal pains, continue.
9th day. No further appearance of epistaxis.
diarrhoea of short continuance.
Evening-slight
17th day. No further continuance of symptoms; the buccal
ulcers were quite sensitive for several days, but healed kindly, ex-
cept the largest, which was touched with chloride of zinc.
He adds: "The symptoms produced by this drug seem to point
to the premonitory symptoms of some of those low forms of fever,
874
NEW REMEDIES.
which we so frequently meet with in this country, and I believe that
a more perfect proving of the drug and further clinical experience
will determine its sphere of action and prove the drug to be one of
great value."
[The above proving of Dr. Marshall, although only fragmentary,
is another verification of the principle I have always contended for,
namely: That a proving of any drug will show that all the cures
made by physicians of other schools, with such drugs, were homeo-
pathic cures. For example, Dr. Marshall gets "night-sweats," "ulcers
in the mouth," "diarrhoea" and "hoemorrhages," and these symptoms
are those which eclectics declare the sumach will cure- -Hale.]
[NOTE. During my temporary illness at the time this MS. was needed, Dr. Fairbanks, of
Hudson, Mich., was kind enough to arrange the matter of this article.-HALE.]
RHUS VENENATA.
(Poison-Sumach.).
ANALOGUES .—Anacardium,
-Anacardium, Comocladia, Croton tiglium,
Ranunculus, Rhus radicans, Rhus toxicodendron, Rhus vernix.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-The Rhus Venenata or Poison Sumach,
is also known as Poison-wood, Poison-ash, and inappropriately as Poison-
elder and Poison-dog-wood. This has been compounded with the
Rhus vernix of Linnæus, a species which grows in Japan. It is a
shrub or small tree, from ten to twenty, and even thirty feet in height,
with the trunk from one to five inches in diameter, branching at the
top, and covered with a pale-grayish bark, which is reddish on the
leaf-stalks and ground-shoots.
The leaves are pinnate, with from three to six pairs of opposite
leaflets, and an odd terminal one, which are oblong or oval, entire
or slightly sinuated, acuminate, smooth, paler underneath, and nearly
sessile, except the odd terminal one; they are about three inches
long and nearly half as wide. The flowers are diœcious and poly-
gamous, very small, green, and in loose, axillary, pedunculate panicles.
The panicles of the barren flowers are downy, the largest, and most
branched. Sepals five, ovate. Petals five, oblong. Stamens longer
than petals, and projecting through their interstices; the rudiment
of a three-cleft style in the center. In the fertile flowers, the
panicles are much smaller, sepals and petals resembling the last,
while the center is occupied by an oval ovary, terminating by three
circular stigmas. The fruit is a bunch of dry berries or drupes,
about the size of peas, smooth, greenish-yellow, or greenish-white,
sometimes marked with slight purple veins, and becoming wrinkled
when old; roundish, a little broadest at the upper end, and com-
pressed, containing one white, hard, furrowed seed.
RHUS VENENATA.
875
"Rhus Venenata grows in low meadows and swamps, from Canada
to the Gulf of Mexico, flowering from May to August. The milky
juice which flows when the plant is wounded, is similar in its action
to that of the Rhus toxicodendron, and may, according to Bigelow, be
made into a beautiful shining, and permanent varnish, by boiling,
very analogous to that obtained in Japan from the Rhus vernix. It
is more poisonous than the R. toxicodendron, and its volatile principle
taints the air for some distance around with its pernicious influence,
producing in many persons severe swellings of an erysipelatous
nature; sometimes the body becomes greatly swollen, and the persons
unable to move. Some persons are hardly, or not at all affected, even
by handling it. The affection caused by it, generally abates after
several days, and may be treated in the same manner as named for
the poisonous effects of the Rhus toxicodendron.”—(King.)
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This species of the Rhus has been but little
used.
The old school not knowing how to administer it, stand aloof from
it, and our own school, impressed with the idea that it is so much
like the Rhus tox., there is no use of making any change.
On this point Dr. Hoyt says: I have no doubt that its use often
effects those on whom the Rhus tox. has but little influence, at
least this is the case with myself, for I handle with impunity the
Rhus tox., while with the greatest degree of caution, I was violently
affected with the Rhus ven. Again in using the Rhus tox., in a case
of angina, in which Rhus was almost the only remedy indicated, I had
very little response from it, while from the Rhus ven. I obtained a
most perfect victory over the complaint."
This is corroborated by Dr. Hale's case. (See "Clinical Obser-
vations," under "Mouth.")
It was
Another reason why it has not been used, is that we had no ex-
tended provings of it until recently. Our school are naturally sceptical,
they must know the "range" of the weapons they use. The atten-
tion of the profession was first called to this drug by the published
toxical provings of Dr. P. B. Hoyt, of Danbury, Conn.*
made by exposing himself to contact with the aroma of the plant. He
seems to have been very susceptible to its influence. (The profession
will be sorry he did not have on record a description of himself, his
temperament, etc.)
The next proving was made by Dr. Burt, of Lincoln, Ill.† This
proving was made by taking the drug internally. He commenced
with the third dilution and finally took the mother tincture until an
ounce was taken.
The next published provings were made by Dr. F. G. Oehme, of
Plymouth, Mass., in 1858-9 These experiments were made both by
contact, and by taking the drug internally. He made two trials with
it—a year apart.
He has made use of it in several cases of disease
with most happy results. (Clinical observations upon erysipelas,
* North American Journal of Homœopathy, volume 7, page 60.
† North American Journal. Vol. XIII., page 411.
+
+
‡ New England Medical Gazette, Vol. I., page 126.
876
NEW REMEDIES.
urticaria, prurigo, erythema, morbilli, scabies, impetigo nodosum
and farunculi.)
He thus sums up his article: "Before closing, we must say that
there are but very few medicines which will cause so many, so well
marked, and so complete diseases as Rhus vernix (ven.); but in spite
of this fact, it is very little used. Perhaps some consider its proper-
ties of the same nature, but inferior to Rhus tox. This opinion is not
correct. I need scarcely say that I have by no means exhausted the
list of cutaneous diseases in which this species of Rhus might be
used with success, as, for instance, in eczema solare, for which it is
frequently indicated "
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions.
TOXICAL EFFECTS.
The first knowledge we obtained of the medicinal virtues of this
plant was by hearing or seeing cases of poisoning, or being called to
treat the same.
Upon some individuals or temperaments its influence is powerful.
Dr. Bigelow* considers that the "following circumstances have con.
siderable influence in varying in the same person the aptitude to the
reception of the poison.
First.-A warm or cold climate; in Southern more active than in
Northern.
Second.-Different seasons of the year.
The Rhus vernix, (he
means the ven.) never affects me in the smallest degree, except on
very hot days in summer.
Third.—Infancy or manhood: children are more readily poisoned
than adults.
Fourth.-Exposure before or after a meal. Dr. Barton, in his
edition of Cullen's Materia Medica, states that the plants more readily
poison immediately after than before a meal.
Fifth. The presence of moisture: country people generally be-
lieve that the effluvia of plants, when combined with moisture, are
most apt to produce the eruption.
Sixth.-A state of increased perspiration at the time of exposure
has a most powerful influence in favoring the eruption; "if my skin
was perfectly dry while collecting the juice of the Rhus vernix (ven.)
it had not the least effect upon me." The most formidable cases in per-
sons subject to this poison usually commence within twenty-four hours
after exposure, sometimes longer, more frequently shorter. The
symptoms usually begin by itching and tumefaction in the hands and
face, the swelling gradually spreading over different parts of the body
* Hempel's Materia Medica, page 738.
1
RHUS VENENATA.
877
An
like erysipelas. The inflamed parts became elevated, of a livid red-
ness, with a burning sensation; they contain a transparent fluid,
which by drying becomes yellow, and then assumes a purulent
appearance. A discharge takes place from the vesicles, giving rise
to a yellowish incrustation, which afterwards becomes brown.
insupportable itching and burning is felt; the parts become excessively
swollen; not unfrequently the eyes are closed, and the face has a
cadaverous appearance like that in malignant small pox. It usually
reaches its height the fourth or sixth day, after which the skin and
incrustations begin to separate from the diseased parts, and the
symptoms gradually subside; no scars or permanent traces actually
remain. I never knew of an authentic case of its terminating fatally.”
DR. A. L. PIERSON'S CASE OF POISONING. *
་
"In Oct. 1814, Dr. A. L. Pierson accompanied me to collect the
-juice of the Rhus vernix (ven.) He had always supposed himself
exempt from liability to the poison. The day was warm; the efflu-
vium from the incisions we made in the trees was very powerful; we
were exposed an hour, he less than myself. His own account of the
symptoms is as follows: I felt no unpleasant effects for six or seven
hours, when I perceived the backs of my hands were swollen and
puffy, without pain or itching; my forehead and upper lip were soon
in the same state. The following morning the tumefaction had in-
creased, and other parts were infected; the backs of my hands and
wrists began to show small watery vesicles. No applications were
made till about noon; I then applied cloths dipped in lead water to
one hand and wrist, and a spiritous solution of corrosive muriate of
Mercury to the other. From this and subsequent trials, I prefer lead.
The parts began to itch; the tumefaction increased; vesication began
to take place on the swollen surface; small pustules formed and ran
into each other, and at last some were as large as nutmegs. Next
day my eyes were nearly closed, from the swelling of my forehead,
eyebrows and cheeks. The contents of the vesicles were perfectly
limpid ; inoculation from them to other parts had no effect, nor at any
other stage. The next evening the inflammation was at its height;
the burning and itching intolerable. The following day the pustules
began to appear milky, and by night the inflammation was evidently
on the decline. This day I applied stramonium ointment.
fortnight I was able to leave my chamber, and had a new cuticle from
the roots of my hair on the forehead to the breast, and on the arms
* Hempel's Materia Medica, page 737.
In a
878
NEW REMEDIES.
and inside the thighs. During the first five days the pulse was in-
creased from ten to twenty strokes. The poison seemed to have a
considerable effect in relieving me from dyspeptic symptons, and
also benefitted a chronic inflammation of my eyes.' "
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS.
We are pleased to be able to furnish such provings of this
drug.
DR. P. HOYT'S PROVING.
March 18th, 1857.-Wishing to prepare a tincture of this plant,
I went into a swamp and procured some sprouts of the Rhus tree. I
put upon my hands a pair of buckskin gloves, and carefully kept on
the windward side of the plant; notwithstanding this precaution, in
one and a half hours I began to feel a most intense itching and burn-
ing of the scrotum and penis; the burning sensation was rather in
the preponderance. The glans penis was very painful; slight friction
relieved the itching for a moment, but not the burning.
19th. The symptoms continue in the same severity; at 11
o'clock I scraped off the bark, using great caution to escape its
poisonous effects, if possible; at 3 P. M., itching and burning com-
menced on the back of my right hand, between the thumb and index
finger, also between the index and middle fingers.
20th.-Have been very restless all night. Awoke this morning with
itching and burning in various parts of the body, particularly on the
palmar sides of both wrists, attended with slight swelling; slight
itching and burning of the face, with a sensation as if it was much
swollen, it was red, but not shining. Both hands were considerably
swollen and very clumsy to use. Feeling of uneasiness in conse-
quence of the continual itching and the burning, which were very
severe, almost insupportable. P. M.—The itching and burning were
somewhat relieved by exercise. The itching and burning appears on
the face, particularly about the eyes, (right.) All the symptoms were
aggravated by rest. Hands, face and wrist became covered with little
pimples of the same color as the skin (red,) when broken or the
points scratched off, they exude a clear watery fluid. Fingers very
stiff and much swollen, feel very much as though they had been
scalded; excessive burning of the face; right eyelid swollen and
stiff. The scrotum is the seat of paroxysms of severe itching and
burning. Stool at 2 A. M., loose, which is unusual; had a stool early
in the morning, rather loose, with pain in the bowels before the dis-
charge. Abdomen sore to the touch and pressure.
RHUS VENENATA.
879
21st.-Symptoms all increased; face much swollen, red and cov-
ered with multitudes of little papillæ. Dizzy sensation at times,—
much worse at evening; wrists much swollen, the swelling extending
half way to the elbow; arms very red and covered with innumerable
vesicles, which exude a clear, watery fluid. My hands were in the
same condition; the pain was excessive.
22d.-Diarrhoea at 3 o'clock, a copious stool of a lighter color
than that of the night previous. Another stool at 7 A. M., not as
copious, and again at 9 o'clock. Pain in the hypogastrium before
every stool; have but little warning before each stool, Hands and
wrists are much worse this morning; face also more swollen. The
itching and burning continues with unabated vigor, and are aggrava-
ted by the warmth of the bed, and in a warm room. Mental labor
increases the pains, even the recording of these symptoms aggravates
them. Mouth feels rough, as though sand was under the mucous
membrane, which is very red. I experienced no feelings of despond-
ency at first, for several days previous to my poisoning, a sense of
dullness and weight in it. (I notice in the proving of Rhus vernix,
given in Jahr, "intolerable heaviness of the head," as a prominent
symptom, which indeed, was the case with me after the first week
of the proving, (Evening, iny wrists and hands are still more swollen
and excessively painful. Face a little less swollen and rather less
painful. Incrustations appeared to-day, on the inside of my thighs,
extending down one-half the length of the femur. A feeling as if
from flea-bites, on different parts of the body. Slight dimness of
sight; lachrymation, and a livid circle under the eyes; considerable
deafness, which is quite troublesome. Chills run up the back, even
when warm, and in a warm room, or in bed. The rough feeling in
the mouth increases, with redness; same appearance of the fauces;
difficult deglutition; throat feels sore and swollen; the eruption also
appeared on the gums of the upper incisors. About nine o'clock,
smarting and burning of the eyes, as though washed in alcohol, attend-
ed by profuse lachrymation Colic quite severe in the umbilical region.
Very restless all night.
23d.-Dull feeling in the head; headache in the fore part of the
head, so severe that I took Belladonna with some relief. The severity
of all the other symptoms had somewhat abated, except the diarrhoea,
which is more severe, and the stools of a dark-brown color. (This
was the only time they were of this color, although attended with the
same pain in the hypogastrium, which accompanied the lighter colored
stools.) A feeling of general malaise. The glans-penis is much
880
NEW REMEDIES.
swollen and very sore; cuticle of penis and scrotum peels off in
patches as large as a sixpence. Hands and arms still very sore, but
not so much swollen. The exudation is now slightly yellow. Seve-
ral vesicles appear on the under side of the tongue; tongue coated
white in the middle and posterior portion, the edges red. Have but
little appetite; some nausea.
24th. The swelling of my hands and arms continues to abate;
the cuticle now scales off in those places, which first broke out with
vesicles. There were no other marked symptoms than those that I
have before noted for several days, save the desquamation, which was
excessive, as the cuticle peeled off some four times in succession
from the places that had been covered with vesicles; after the cuticle
came off, the first appearance of the skin was red and shining; but
after getting my hand damp, several cracks (like those of chapped
hands) appeared in different places. My hands became exceedingly
rough, the cuticle being hard and dry, also very tender, so that the
least bruise was very painful, and if the skin was broken, the blood
flowed freely. The blood was very thin, or if you please, anamic.
The dullness of my head, headache, heaviness of the head, and deaf-
ness were very troublesome. I was very nervous, i. e., had trembling
of all my limbs, with twitching of my muscles. Had no disposition
to move about or employ my mind in study; I was apprehensive,
restless, and had a variable state of feeling, sometimes cheerful, then
hypochondriacal.
The more prominent symptoms gradually subsided until the fifth
of April, when by accident the bottle containing the tincture was bro-
ken, and I received the full force of the effluvium. A new set of
phenomena now manifested themselves, or rather many of the preced-
ing symptoms returned with increased violence, especially those
affecting the bowels. My face, and particularly my upper lip, were
much swollen, and exceeding painful.
The back of my ears were swollen and covered with vesicles:
both these and those on my lips exuded a slightly yellow serum, and
they went through the same course as the other eruptions.
Every morning from about 2 to 5 o'clock, I was compelled to rise
and go to stool, and a diarrhoea then continued more or less severely,
till about 12 o'clock. The abdomen much bloated and very painful
to the least pressure. I had continual rumbling and gripings, the
pains always being worse just before stool. The color of the stools.
was uniformly light, or nearly white, varying in consistency, some-
times very thin, and sometimes more papescent, This state of things
RHUS VENENATA.
881
continued for three weeks, and I could not control it with any of our
remedies. I finally stopped the diarrhoea with the 1st centesimal.
dilution of Juniperus virginiana, in drop doses. (I was attacked
· several times afterwards with this diarrhoea, and the Juniperus vir-
giniana always controlled it, and relieved the soreness of the abdo-
men.) All my muscles seem stiff, those of the posterior part of right
leg being worst affected, so much so, that after remaining crooked for
a little time, it was painful to straighten it. This stiffness and sore-
ness still remains in some degree; also stiff neck or crick in the
neck, and rheumatic pain between the shoulder blades.
As soon as the desquamation had nearly ceased, two large furun-
cles appeared on my left wrist, one anteriorly and the other poster-
iorly. Then the diarrhoea stopped, but as soon as the boils began to
heal, it came on again. After checking the diarrhoea, a large furun-
culus appeared on my right thigh, anteriorly.
This was very
malignant, and continued to slough for four weeks, when the core
sloughed out. A cavity was left, into which you might easily put
the end of the index finger. Seven more boils, of smaller size,
appeared on the same thigh, and were all very painful.
When they
healed, they left the surface of a bluish-red, and soon became a bright
red color. Three boils also made their appearance on my face, which,
though very painful, were not very large. Uniformly throughout
the whole proving, the symptoms were aggravated by rest, and re-
lieved by moderate exercise in the open air. I used various remedies
as antidotes. Belladonna and Bryonia acted very well against some
of the head symptoms. I used Arsenicum, Veratrum album and
Mercurius for the bowel complaints, but with little good effect.
Arsenicum and Veratrum were, however, the most useful. [Aconite,
Rhus tox., Arnica, etc., were used as the symptoms seemed to de-
mand, but I think we may regard Aconite, Belladonna, Bryonia and
Juniperus vir. as the most efficient remedies in cases of poison-
ing by the Rhus venenata.
DR. W. H. BURT'S PROVING.
This proving was commenced with fifty drops of the 3d dilution,
taken in water, increasing the dose until half an ounce was taken at
The mother-tincture was then used, ten drops several times a
day, increasing the number up to 150 drops a day, until one ounce
of the tincture was used.
once.
(The daily record of this most valuable proving, I have unfortu-
nately mislaid.-HALE.)
56
882
NEW REMEDIES.
dr. f. g. oehme's provings.
Regarding my constitution, this only is necessary to be men-
tioned medium size, robust, weight about 145 pounds. Ten years.
ago, urticaria acuta; then, for four or five months, urticaria chronica.
Always great sensitiveness of the skin to musquito-bites, and all
irritations of the skin generally. Liability to, diarrhoea. Piles.
Generally good health.
During the two provings, I adhered to my usual plain diet.
FIRST PROVING.
"On the 15th of September, I applied several times the juice of
the plant, as it oozed from between the bark and wood of a fresh-cut
branch, on an oval place about one and a half inches long, and an
inch broad, on the back of the left fore-arm, three or four inches
above the wrist. On the same day I made a tincture of the stem, by
previously cutting it in small picces (without protecting the hands.)
As the bark became in this way loosened from the wood, the alcohol
commenced coloring very rapidly, after being poured over the chips.
On the next day I repeated several times the external application in
the same manner as before, for which purpose I had kept one stem in
water. But as on the third day the tincture looked already pretty
well saturated (48 hours after making,) I commenced taking from it
every day as much as I needed, allowing the rest to grow stronger.
Consequently I used externally and internally a tincture which was
becoming stronger every successive day.
•
From the 17th till about the 28th or 29th of September, I applied
the tincture three or four times a day to my arm, and took also as
often, internally, four drops of the first dilution (). Twenty-four
hours after the first application of the juice, I perceived a slight
inflammation and swelling where the application was made. On
pressing this part there was slight soreness, apparently near the bone.
These symptoms increased steadily but slowly during the next eleven
days, with occasional itching and burning on the place of applica-
tion, On the 28th of September, the arm presents the following
appearance
The epidermis, on the place of application, can easily be re-
moved with the finger-nail, and then little scabs form in a short time.
The whole place inflamed, very much swollen, and red; almost three
inches broad, and a little more than three and a half inches long;
* New England Medical Gazette, No. 4.
RHUS VENENATA.
883
the centre redder and harder than its surroundings. A fold of the
skin, on the affected part, at least six times thicker than one on a
corresponding place on the other arm. When uncovered, there is
little itching and burning, but very violent when covered by the
shirt-sleeve (linen). Slight rubbing causes a pleasant sensation, a
kind of satisfaction; scratching is painful; but both increase the
itching and inflammation. A slight impression only is produced by
severe pressure with the finger. The redness is not circumscribed,
but passes over into an eruption, like measles. The arm measures
on the affected place, in circumference, almost an inch more than the
other arm. The surrounding parts itch more than the place of appli-
cation, although the latter is the chief seat of the disease.
30th September-At dawn of day I was awakened by violent
itching. The swelling is five and a half inches long. Considerable
oedema, especially on the side of the ulna, and a half-inch above the
affected part. When covered by the shirt-sleeve, very violent itch-
ing. On scratching, I removed a part of the epidermis, which was
followed by a secretion of a little serum, and a very slow formation of
scabs. The remaining epidermis, for the last two or three days, ad-
heres closer than before. I took, for the last time, internally, three
times, three drops of the first dilution.
1st October, half-past three A. M. I was again wakened by a vio-
lent itching and burning. The arm looking very much worse, pre-
sented the appearance of a severe phlegmonous inflammation. The
part affected has a livid color, and the inflammation extends from two
to three inches each way, so that the whole inflamed part is six and
a half inches long and six inches wide. The inflammation is not cir-
cumscribed, but passes over into an eruption, like measles, which
varies from one-half to two inches in width. The inflamed skin feels
very hot, and is (though uncovered, eight and a half degrees warmer
than the corresponding place on the other arm. (I held the ther-
mometer on the arm, slightly pressing, but without covering it.)
Small scabs of dried serum on the inflamed surface. The swollen
part of the arm is hard, like board, but without pain. After dinner,
disagreeable, drawing sensation in the arm, extending into the hand,
and feeling of tightness. Towards evening, re-appearance of the
pain. The swelling and inflammation increased through the day, in
violence and extent, towards the elbow a whole inch; not so much in
other directions, The nerves in the arm-pit sore, and sensitive
to pressure. Late in the evening, red, irregular spots on the left
cheek.
884
NEW REMEDIES.
2d October. Good sleep. The swelling extends this morning
from the elbow to the hand. The spots on the face larger and redder;
elevated a little above the surface of the skin, and slightly burning.
Some swelling above the left eye; two red spots and a blotch under
the right corner of the mouth. The arm, on waking, was not so red
and swollen as soon after, when the itching and burning commenced.
On walking, the redness of the inflamed part passed over very
gradually into healthy-looking skin, towards the elbow; less so
towards the other sides; but, soon after rising, the burning and
itching reappeared, which was presently followed, (without scratch-
ing), by increased redness, inflammation, and an eruption of blotches,
vesicles, small pimples and spots like measles. These efflorescences
were around the evenly inflamed part, (which was about seven inches
long and six inches wide), forming a border between that and the
skin; most numerous near the former, and especially on the side of
ulna, and around the wrist. This border itched most. The swelling
was of greater extent than the inflammation, and continued so
through the whole proving.
All these symptoms, although they had, on the whole, grown daily
worse, were periodically better. This periodicity, however, was the
same when the disease decreased. Every attack, from six to eight a
day, commenced with itching, then increased inflammation; after
which, red spots of various sizes, like measles, appeared on the bor-
der; finally, blotches, vesicles, and little pimples. The three latter
eruptions were particularly full; and the inflammation of the whole
arm vastly increased, when the itching caused me to scratch, which I
sometimes could not possibly avoid. This itching was perfectly in-
tolerable. At such times, I would put the arm in very cold water,
which gave immediate relief; and, if I kept it in eight or ten min-
minutes, it would greatly subdue the inflammation and eruption, and
bring the arm to its usual appearance, I could at any time cause an
attack by the slightest rubbing; they were also brought on by heat,
or violent bodily exercise; but especially by close study. They were
least frequent during conversation, light bodily exercise, or when in a
cool atmosphere. For this reason I commenced bathing the arm
occasionally in cold water. These gencral remarks pertain to the
whole proving.
2d October (continued.) On severe cxternal pressure, pain deep
iu the arm, as if on the bone. An eruption like measles over
the third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, and vesicles on the
fingers of the left hand. The latter appear and disappear very
RHUS VENENATA.
885
quickly, causing most violent itching. The affected part is painful,
like a sore spot. Transient itching on different places of the body.
A sensation of coldness creeping over the back; frequent, but of short
duration. This, also, on subsequent days. The left arm measures
one inch more in circumference than the other. In the afternoon,
vesicles on different parts of the body with violent itching. The
swelling to the middle of the metacarpal bones. At noon, draw-
ing pain in the large nerves of the arm, from the armpit down-
ward.
3d October. During the night I kept, against my habit, the
arm outside the bed-cover, as the heat in bed quickly causes itching.
On awaking, a severe attack of itching. The swelling reaches
upward two inches above the elbow, and downward almost to the
the fingers. Almost the whole fore-arm is violently inflamed, strik-
ingly like a phlegmonous inflammation; and is, at the inflamed
part (uncovered,) nine degrees hotter than the other arm. The
temperature was not taken during an attack of itching and eruptive
outbreak. When there is none the skin looks smooth, tight, and
shining. At times painful, as if from a sore or wound, which looks
as if the skin would peel. Itching on different parts of the body.
To-day, very few blotches and vesicles on the arm, probably on
account of occasional bathing in cold water, though the swelling and
inflammation are of greater extent than on any previous day.
Towards evening the inflammation not circumscribed, but is very
gradually passing over into healthy skin. As the affection of the
arm does not seem to have increased during the day, it appears
to have come to its height. Appetite and general health unaf-
fected.
4th October. This morning, after seven o'clock, a severe attack
of itching. The skin of the affected part peels off, and the new
skin looks healthy, but inflamed, and is very sensitive. Directly
on this, two pustules, with six or seven very small ones near them,
filled with matter; and the larger ones with an inflamed halo around
them. Edema on the back of the hand. Itching on different parts
of the body; but on attempting to rub the spot, the sensation imme-
diately passes to another place near by. In the evening, the swelling
as large as on the first of October. About two-thirds of the skin, at
the place of application, has peeled off.
5th October. The circumference of the left arm, as on the first
of October. The itching is worse around the wrist and elbow, and
on the inside of the arm; none on the place where the poison was
866
NEW REMEDIES.
applied, which has peeled entirely. The arm has pretty nearly the
normal temperature. The skin looks normal, only a little redder, and
not shining in appearance.
6th October. This morning another eruption of small pustules on
the same place, but a little larger than yesterday. The skin peels
off again on the affected spot, and still looks red, as well as the skin
about it; though the latter is not as red as the former; the arm still
somewhat swollen. The thickness of a fold of skin is not sufficient to
account for the comparatively large circumference of the arm; conse-
quently the parts under the skin must also have been affected and
swollen, and are still somewhat so. Regarding this, I could not
make an examination, when the affection was the worst, as it was
absolutely impossible to form a fold of the skin, on account of its
thickness and hardness.
8th October. The swelling almost wholly gone. The skin almost
normal, only a little redder and thicker at the affected part. It com-
mences to peel off at the edges. Itching around the elbow and
wrist. Vesicles.
11th October. The skin of the whole fore-arm peels, and large
pieces can easily be got off. Itching. A few very small scabs of
serum. The skin around the wrist thick, callous, rough, with vesi-
cles and blotches.
17th October. The skin on the place of application, though bet-
ter, looks still red, and is still thickened. This appearance lasted
several weeks, and has disappeared very gradually. The skin on the
left forearm looks normal, but is very irritable; as the slightest
rubbing causes a very profuse eruption of blotches, vesicles, and
small pimples.
31st October. Violent itching several nights in succession, espe-
cially on the back; but day-times on the face, neck, and hands, fol-
lowed soon by the appearance of red spots, blotches, vesicles, and
little pimples.
From this time up to March, nearly every night, especially at
midnight, I had severe itching, particularly on the back. It then
began to be less frequent. Generally it wakened me, as I com-
menced scratching while asleep, and in this way increased the
affection and itching; but, if the waking was from some other cause,
I was sure to have an attack. As I have said, scratching with the
hand aggravated it greatly; rubbing with a soft brush gave relief;
but it was entirely subdued by washing with cold water or snow. At
night, in December and January, I placed my back several times on
RHUS VENENATA.
887
snow for relief. Doing this in a cold room, it seems singular that I
never took cold, although I left a warm bed, very thinly clad, to go
out-doors for the snow, the mercury being frequently 12 and 15
degrees below zero.
✔
My back presented during this time, a shocking appearance; it
had been severely scratched, and was covered with bloody scabs.
During the attacks, it was burning hot, and covered with blotches
and pimples.
When I commenced this proving, I had two objects in view; the
first was the proving of the drug; the second, the treatment of the
poisoning after it had reached a certain height. The frequent occur-
rence of poisoning by this plant, and the great insufficiency of reme-
dies usually recommended in such cases, made this second point of
no less importance than the proving itself. For this reason I com-
menced on the first October, with the internal use of medicines. I
took for several days, Bryonia 2, Aanacardium 2, Arsenicum 2, Urtica
2, and others; and, during the winter, for the itching, Dolichos,
Anacardium, Sulphur, Silicea, Ignatia, and others, but all
entirely without effect; only cold water or snow gave relief.
SECOND PROVING.
The unsatisfactory result of the search for an antidote to Rhus
venenata, during my first proving, induced me to expose myself a year
later, a second time, to the influence of this plant, by preparing a tinc-
ture on the 8th August, 1859. This time I did not chop the whole
stem in fine pieces, as formerly, but peeled off the bark, which con-
tains the most poison in the form of a resinous juice, and cut it up in
very fine picces. Being out of doors, the musquitos troubled me con-
siderably during the work; and I was frequently compelled to put
my hands to the face to drive them off. I must also mention that I
chewed for some time a piece of bark, and passed water before wash-
ing my hands. I was so completely impregnated with the odor of
the juice, that I smelt strongly of it for some time, in spite of
repeated washing, and even imparted the scent of it to the room
where I afterwards sat.
10th August. On rising, oedema under right eye; difficulty in
looking down, with disagreeable sensation. Red spot on the face,
especially on the left sid, an on the upper pars of the chest. Itching.
In consequence of the oedema, the eye is somewhat sensitive when
writing or reading, but causes no difficulty in looking straight for-
ward. During the day the face swollen,
7
888
NEW REMEDIES
11th August. A round group of hidra-vesicles, filled with yel-
lowish serum, between the nose and the left corner of the mouth, and
another group under the latter. Left side of the face somewhat swol-
len, and covered with red spots. Left ear thick and red; posterior
surface of it rough. Some itching on the lower part of the ear.
The
nose and right side of the face considerably swollen, especially close
under the eye; so much so that the cilia of the lower lid lie on the
swelling, and the eye appears very small. The eye considerably
irritated. The rays of the sun cause burning in the face. Much itch-
ing of the sexual organs, especially upom the scrotum and præpu-
tium. Hidra-vesicles on the back of the first and third fingers of
the left hand, and of the second finger on the right hand. In the
afternoon, two o'clock, small yellowish hidra-vesicles on different
parts of the face. The right side of the nose and right cheek much
swollen; the right nostril obstructed. The oedema of the face worse
than yesterday; the skin rough (not chapped) and uneven. On the
back of the left hand, and on the fingers, some effloresence, which
looks strikingly like itch. Rubbing of the affected parts causes itch-
ing. Slight dull feeling in the head. Three o'clock P. M., an erup-
tion like measles, with unevenness of the skin on the back of the left
arm, close above the wrist; soon followed by blotches, with violent
itching and burning. Discharge of a little water from the left
nostril, with sensation in the nose, as if from a commencing cold.
Face hot. The arms fall easily asleep. In the evening, much itch-
ing and burning on different places in the face. The feeling of
dullness in the head worse. Burning in the eyes and slight lachry-
mation.
RESUME.
[For the arrangement of this resume, and the labor of collecting
the symptoms, I am indebted to Dr. T. C. Duncan, of this city.-HALE.]
Vascular System.-
Fever. Chills up and down the back, when warm and in a warm
room, and in bed,(H.) Great restlessness, with a dry burning hot skin,
at night; very weak and languid; trembling of my limbs.(B.) Great
swelling of the head, face and hands, with sharp, irritative fever, with
all the constitutional symptoms of erysipelas; the integument becomes
tense, hot, swollen, shining and very painful.-(Snelling.) Dur-
ing the first five days the pulse was increased from ten to twenty
strokes.—(Pierson.) The inflamed skin is nine degrees hotter than the
normal skin.
RHUS VENENATA.
889
The
Characteristic Peculiarities.-The symptoms of Rhus venen-
ata, are all aggravated just before rain. The pains in the bowels are
worse in the morning. The joints are all very stiff in the morning;
after exercising an hour or so, the stiffness all passes away.
pains in the ankles are worse in the afternoons and evenings.
itching and burning is aggravated in a warm room or in bed.
ankle joints are more affected than the other joints, but it has a great
affinity for the tarsal and metatarsal joints.' The symptoms are all
aggravated by rest and mental labor—(H.) Uncovering mitigates
The
The
the itching and burning; has to sleep with the arm outside of the bed
clothes. Rubbing and scratching increases the itching and burning;
rubbing with a brush gives relief, but it was entirely subdued by
bathing with cold water or snow, with no danger of taking cold. Six or
eight paroxysmal attacks a day of itching, burning and inflammation,
followed by an eruption of blotches, vesicles and red spots, rubbing
would precipitate one of these attacks, so with heat or violent bodily
exercise, but especially close study. They were mitigated or
appeared less frequent during conversation, light bodily exercise, or
when in a cool atmosphere.-(0.)
Skin.—The skin is hot and dry at night, with great restlessness.
—(B.) The palms of the hands are very dry, and the inside cuticle
hard and burning hot all the time.-(B. and H) Large fissures on
the ends of the fingers, that bleed readily.-(B. and H.) Fine
vesicular eruptions on the forearms, wrists, back of the hands, between
and on the fingers, also scrotum and ankles. The vesicles are situated
upon an inflamed erysipelatous base, and accompanied with most in-
tolerable itching, especially in the evening, in a warm room, and in
bed; after scratching and rubbing the parts, (which cannot be re-
sisted), the itching is intolerable, large quantities of serum run from
cach vesicle after it is scratched.-(B. and O.) Constant itching of
the under lip for several days, with a bright red appearance, accom-
panied with great burning and itching of the arms.—(B.) Desqua-
mation took place three different times, from all the parts affected
with the vesicular eruption.~(H. B. and O.) Large watery vesicles
on the ankles that are very painful, night and day.—(B.) The cuticle
of the penis and scrotum peel off in patches as large as a sixpence.—
(H.) Itching and burning of the hands, with swelling more on the
palmar sides of both wrists; the swelling extends half way to the
elbows; arms are very red, and covered with innumerable little
vesicles, which exude a watery fluid; the hands are in the same con-
dition.-(H.) The upper lip and ears are very much swollen, an
890
NEW REMEDIES,
•
A fold of
covered with vesicles; a yellow serum exudes from them —(H.)
The cellular tissue around the eyes was very much swollen.-(B.)
A boy poisoned with the Rhus venenata, his face became so much
swollen that he could not open his eyes for several days, accompanied
with a high fever; feeling as if from flea-bites in different parts of the
body.—(H.) A number of boils came out on my forehead, neck and
arms, after proving the Rhus.-(B.) Three boils came on my face,
and eight on my right thigh; one was very malignant and continued
to slough for four weeks; when the core sloughed out, a cavity was
left into which you might easily put the end of your index finger; when
healed, they left the surface bluish-red; they were very painful. In.
crustation on the inside of the thighs, extending down one-half the
length of the femur.-(H.) Slight inflammation and swelling, with
soreness on pressure apparently near the bone, with itching and burn-
ing. The epidermis (on place of application) can easily be removed
with the finger nail, then little scabs form in a short time.
skin on affected part at least six times thicker than normal. The red-
ness is not circumscribed but passes over into an eruption like measles;
the surrounding parts itch more than the seat of disease.
The part
has a livid color, the appearance of severe phlegmonous erysipelas :
soon after rising the burning and itching reappeared, which was
presently followed (without scratching) by increased redness, inflam-
mation and an eruption of blotches, vesicles, small pimples and spots
like measles; the efflorescence more around the newly inflamed part,
forming a border between that and the skin-this border itches most.
The swelling was greater than the inflammation; scratching increases
the inflammation; erythema on right side of neck, red irregular spots
on left check and face; four small pimples filled with pus on face.-(C.)
Sleep.-Great restlessness at night, with a dry, hot skin; great
restlessness after midnight.-(B. and O.) My wrists, ankles and
feet ached so severely I could not sleep. (B.) Great restlessness. (H.)
Mind. Great sadness; no desire to live; everything seems
gloomy.-(B.) Absence of mind; cannot concentrate my mind on
any particular subject.-(B.) Mental labor increases the pain.-(H.
and O.)
Head.-Fullness of the head; dull, heavy, frontal headache,
aggravated by walking and stooping.-(B.) Dizzy sensations at
times, much worse in evenings; intolerable heaviness of the head.—
(H.) Great swelling of the head face, and hands, with sharp
irritative fever, (Snelling); erysipelas of the head and face.-(S. and
B.) Dull feeling in head.-(0.)
RHUS VENENATA.
891
Ears.-Deafness that is quite troublesome; vesicular inflamma-
tion of the ears, that exudes a yellow, watery serum.-(H.) Itching
behind left ear.-(0.)
Eyes.-Eyes half closed; eyes closed from the great swelling of
the cellular tissue around them; profuse lachrymation; constant dull,
aching pains in the eyeballs.-(B.) Burning around right eye;
slight dimness of sight; livid circles under the eyes; smarting and
burning of the cyes, as if washed with alcohol.—(H.) Swelling above
left eye; œdema of right eye; difficulty of looking down, with a dis-
greeable sensation; eyes sensitive when writing or reading; eye con-
stantly irritated; burning in eyes and slight lachrymation; violent
burning in right eye.-(0.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Pierson (Allopathic) states that he
was very much benefitted of a chronic inflammation of the eyes after
his poisoning by the Rhus ven.
Nose. Great dryness of the nostrils at two different times, last-
ing each time about an hour.-(B.) Right nostril obstructed; dis-
charge of little water from left nostril, with sensation in the nose, as
of commencing cold.—(0.)
Face.--Face very much swollen around eyes; face swollen so that
the cyes were closed for several days.-(B.) Face very red, swollen
and covered with vesicles; my face, and particularly my upper lip,
was very much swollen and excessively painful; itching and burning
of the face.—(H.) Nose and right side of the face much swollen,
especially under right eye; the rays of the sun cause burning of the
the face; a round group of herpetic vesicles, filled with yellow serum
on face; face hot; itching and burning in different parts of face;
very violent itching and burning of left cheek and face so that I had
to leave my bed to use cold ablutions —(0) A new cuticle from
roots of hair on forehead to my breast.-(Pierson.)
•
Mouth.-Slimy taste in the mouth; scalded feeling of the
tongue; salty, slimy, flat, rough taste; tongue coated white.-(B.)
The centre and base has a white coating on it. The sides of the
tongue are very red. Vesicles on the under side of the tongue, with
a scalded feeling. The mucous membrane of the mouth is very
red, with a feeling as if sand were under it. Red vesicular
eruption on the gums of the upper incisors.-(H.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Hale* relates the following case:
"A lady habitually suffered several times every year with a peculiar
form of sore mouth, marked by intense redness of the mucous mem-
brane of the tongue, cheeks and fauces, with the appearance of small
* North Amer. Jour. Hom,, vol, 13, p. 411.
892
NEW REMEDIES.
vesicular points, accompanied with intense burning sensation, and a
feeling as if the mouth and throat had been scalded.
If allowed to go on this eruption (?) seemed to extend wherever
there was mucous membrane, even to the rectum and vagina. Very
few remedies gave any relief, until the Rhus was tried. The Rhus
toxicodendron and Rhus radicans had but slight favorable effects,
compared with the Rhus venenata, which always removed the disease
in a short time, (in the 3d dilution.)
Throat. -Constant feeling of irritation of the fauces; dryness of
the fauces; distress in the root of the tongue and fauces; tonsils very
red and congested, with dull aching distress in them; frequent incli-
nation to swallow which increases the pain and distress in the ton-
sils. (B.) Difficult deglutition; throat feeling very sore and is very
red and swollen.-(H.)
Appetite.-Loss of appetite.--(H.) Want to drink a great
deal.
Stomach. The stomach is very much distressed after taking
the medicine. Distress and pain in the cardiac portion of the stom-
ach, and upper left portion of the umbilicus. Distress in the stomach
and umbilicus.—(B.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. -"The poison seemed to have a con-
siderable effect in relieving me from dyspeptic symptoms."-
(Pierson.)
Abdomen. The abdomen is very much bloated and exceedingly
painful to the least pressure. Constant rumbling and griping in the
bowels. Pains always worse before a stool.-(H.) Constant, dull,
aching distress in the abdomen, with occasional sharp cutting pains in
the umbilicus. Constant dull pains in the umbilicus, with rumbling
in the bowels, followed by a soft diarrhoeaic stool. Sharp, cutting
pains in the umbilical and hypogastric regions, before a stool; the
stool relieves the pain, but does not stop them entirely; lasted two
hours.-(B.)
Stool. The abdomen is much bloated, very painful to the least
pressure, with continual rumbling and griping pains, the pains always
being worse just before a stool; the color of the stool was uniformly
light, or nearly white, varying in consistency, sometimes very thin,
and sometimes more papescent. This state of things continued for
three weeks, and I could not control it with any ordinary remedies.
I finally stopped the diarrhoea with the first dilution of Juniperus
virginicus, in drop doses. I was attacked several times afterwards
with this diarrhoea, and the Juniperus virginicus always controlled it,
and relieved the soreness in the abdomen.—(H.) Distress in the
RHUS VENENATA.
893
umbilicus, with dry, lumpy, dark-colored stools; dryness in the
umbilical and hypogastric regions, with loud rumblings in the bow-
els, followed by soft mushy stools. Stool about natural consistency,
but of a very dark color. Severe cutting pains in the umbilical and
hypogastric regions for six days, with three and four very soft, diar-
rhoeic, dark colored stools a day. The pains are worse before the
stools, but continue for several hours after. Most intolerable itching
and burning of the anus for several days; neuralgic pains in the
anus.—(B.)
Urinary Organs.-There was no particular effect upon the
urinary organs, excepting a slight increase of urine after I had
ceased to take the remedy.-(B.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-These organs record carefully all
changes, however slight, which may go on in any organ or tissue in
the body, and it is strange that our most pains-taking provers forgot to
note the effect upon the urine, that these changes produce. To note
its appearance and amount, does not satisfy the scientific practitioner of
this age.
Genital Organs.-Intense itching and burning of the scrotum
and penis; the burning is more severe than the itching. The glans
penis is much swollen and very sore.
Cuticle of the penis and scro-
tum peels off in patches as large as a sixpence.-(H.) The scrotum
is very much swollen, of a deep red color, and covered with vesicles.
Scrotum swollen as large as his two fists, could not walk. (Observed
on a patient.) Severe itching and burning of the scrotum.-(B.)
Much itching of the sexual organs, or especially of the scrotum and
prepuce; skin of scrotum inflamed and thickened.-(0.)
Back.-Stiff neck, or "crick in the neck," and rheumatic pains
between the shoulders.-(H.) Constant dull pains in the cervical,
dorsal and lumbar regions. Dull heavy pains in the lumbar region.
aggravated by stooping down or walking. Back is very stiff.-(B.)
Violent itching for four months, every night in succession, especially
on the back. Itching at night on the back, but in the daytime on the
face, neck and hands. I would wake up at night scratching my back,
which presented a horrid appearance, being covered with bloody
scabs.—(0.)
Upper Extremities.-Severe pains in the left elbow-joint, for half
an hour, could not move it, the pain was so great. Drawing pains in
the fore-arms.(Rheumatic pains in the shoulders and elbow joints,
worse during motion. (Jahr.) Dull pains in the wrists and fingers,
with drawing pains. The wrists and fingers are very stiff. Constant
aching distress in the hands and fingers. Hands are very dry and
894
NEW REMEDIES.
hot.-(B.) Constant desquamation of the cuticle of the palms of the
hands and fingers, three different times. The ends of the fingers have
a number of cracks on them, that bleed from the slightest cause.
-(B. and H.) Hands hard, rough and tender. The cellular tissue
is greatly swollen, of a deep red color, and covered with watery
vesicles, that itch most intolerably.-(B.) Both hands are very much
swollen, and are very clumsy to use. Fingers are very stiff and
much swollen; fingers feeling as if they had been scalded.—(H.)
Violent itching of the palms of the hands, with watery vesicles on
them; groups of watery vesicles on the fingers.-(Jahr.) Swollen
part of the arm is hard, like a board, but without pain; disagreeable,
drawing sensation in the arm, extending into the hand, with a feeling
of tightness, Nerves (?) in the arm-pits tender and sensitive to pressure.
Drawing pains in the large nerves of the arm, from the armpits down-
wards. Edema of back of hand. Hedra vesicles on backs of first and
third fingers of left, and several on right hand, look like itch. Arms
fall easily to sleep; burning of hands, eruption appearing and disap-
pearing several times each day. Desquamation on the fingers, it com-
menced instantly on different parts, and spreads in circles or rings.
—(0.)
Lower Extremities.-Knees and ankles ache constantly.
Severe cramp in the calf of the leg at night, followed by great sore-
ness of the calf of the leg the next day. Dull, drawing pains and
distress in the knees, ankles, feet and toes. Great weakness of the
knees and ankles. My ankles and feet ached so severely for eight
weeks after taking the medicine, that it was very painful for me to
either stand or walk, especially in the afternoon. I was
compelled to lie down every afternoon. Ankles very red and
swollen, with watery vesicles all over the ankles, feet and toes,
that discharge large quantities of water. Very large watery blisters
itching of the ankles, feet
on the sides of the feet. Most intolerable
and toes, aggravated by warmth.-(B.) Trembling of all my limbs,
with twitching of all my muscles.
RUMEX CRISPUS.
(Yellow Dock.)
ANALOGUES.-Alnus, Ampelopsis, Calcarea carbonica, Causticum,
Chimaphila,(?) Corydalis,(?) Cistus,(?) Dulcamara, Eryngium,
Graphites,(?) Iris, Juglans, Iodine, Lycopodium, Mercurius,(?)
Nuphar,(? Phosphorus, Rheum, Sanguinaria, Spongia, Sulphur.
•
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant was introduced into this
country from Europe, but may now be considered indigenous to this
continent, It has a deep, spindle-shaped, yellow root, with a stem
two or three feet high, angular, furrowed, somewhat zigzag, smooth
to the touch, panicled, and leafy.
The leaves are lanceolate, acute, strongly undulated, and
crisped at the edges, of a light-green color; the radical ones are
long petioled, truncate or sub-cordate at the base; the uppermost are
narrower and nearly sessile. Flowers numerous, pale-green, droop-
ing, disposed in a large panicle, consisting of many wand-like race-
mes, of half whorls, interspersed with leaves below. The root, as
found in the shops, is in slices, cut transversely and dried; and
occasionally the root is divided longitudinally into halves and quar-
ters. This species is sometimes called Sour-dock, Narrow-dock, or
Curled-dock. The root is the officinal portion.
There are thirteen species of Dock growing in this country, about
half of which are indigenous.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions: triturations.
[An active-principle called Rumicin, (also Rumin,) is manufac-
tured, but of its effects we have no definite information, no provings,
or clinical experience.]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant has been in common use among
physicians and laymen, for hundreds of years. It has had a reputa-
tion which has outlasted many more powerful drugs.
Allopathists have decreed the Rumex crispus to be alterative,
tonic, astringent and discutient. Dr. Joslin comments on the allo-
pathic use and statements concerning this medicine. He remarks :
"Its only definite and well ascertained property was its power of
curing the itch, when administered internally and applied externally.
This was as well known to the laity as to the profession." He goes
on to say that the allopathist confounds the medicinal properties of
the different varieties of Rumex, and would have us consider their
effects nearly the same. Ignoring, as they do, the necessity of
proving each drug, in order to ascertain its true action, they grope in
the dark. They reverse the true order of investigation.
thesc," he remarks, are not specially the fault of the professor,
(Wood); they are almost inseparable from the school. Dr. Wood
remarks: "We have placed together the three officinal species of
* Philadelphia Journal of Hom., Vol. I., p. 289.
But
896
NEW REMEDIES.
dock, (i. e., R. aquaticus, R. brittanica and R. obtusifolius), because
their virtues are so nearly alike that a separate consideration would
lead to unnecessary repetition. All the other species may be used
indiscriminately with those which are considered officinal. The med
ical properties of dock root are those of an astringent and mild tonic.
It is also supposed to possess an alterative property, which renders it
useful in scorbutic disorders and cutaneous eruptions, particularly
the itch. It is said to have been useful in scrofula and syphilis. The
roots of some species unite a laxative, with the tonic and astringent
property, resembling Rhubarb, somewhat, in their operation."
(Wood.) "Dr. Payne, in his judicious compend of the allopathic
Materia Medica, comes to the conclusion that Rumex is similar, but
inferior to Rhubarb. Our school, after a comparison of the provings,
would consider the difference to be more qualitative than quanti-
tative."
The eclectic school estimates the docks more highly than their
allopathic brethren. Jones and Scudder, in their Materia Medica,
say: The dock appears to exert its silent alterative action upon the
constitution, in many chronic cutaneous eruptions, as scabies, the
different forms of herpes, etc.; syphilis, when it has assumed a con-
stitutional form, attended with an ulceration of the fauces, eruption
or ulceration upon the surface, also in mercurio-syphilitic disorders,
mercurial cachexy, cancerous tumors of ulcers, scrofula-whether
manifested by a general depravation of the system, enlarged glands,
or foul and indolent ulcers—or in any other form of ulcer, especially
if dependent upon any constitutional taint. In caries, necrosis, or
other morbid conditions of the osseous system; in scurvy or scorbu-
tic affections, and in numerous other abnormal states, its resolvent,
depurative and detergent qualities, render it an excellent auxiliary
and corroborant. All the agents desired under this class, (alteratives)
are either associated or alternated with other remedies and not relied
upon as individual curative agents."
This last sentence contains the elements of all the errors of allo-
pathic therapeutics. They mix a number of drugs together, and then
affirm certain curative properties of one of these, because the com-
pound seemed to cure. It is in this manner that the estimate of
Rumex, quoted above, is made up. It is generally given in combina-
tion with Stillingia, Iodide of Potassa, or some other drug. Nearly
all the curative effects above named may be due to the latter medi-
cines. It is also recommended for "dyspepsia, debilitated states of
the intestinal canal, diarrhoea and dysentery."
Dr. J. Williams says: "Boiled in milk, and taken in hæmatem-
esis, it is an infallible remedy." It is said to be useful as a wash or
gargle, in spongy states of the gums, ulceration of the mouth, throat,
etc. How much of value there may be in the above statements, will
be shown by the proving. To the late lamented B. F. Joslin, M. D., of
N. Y., the homoeopathic profession owes the valuable and accurate
provings of this medicine. He first called the attention of the pro-
fession to it in the first and second volumes of the Philadelphia
*
RUMEX CRISPUS.
897
Journal of Homoeopathy, afterwards in other Journals, and finally in
the American Homoeopathic Review, in which he published the
"verified symptoms of Rumex Crispus." The original provings and
clinical contributions, were made by some of the best men in our
school, namely Drs. Joslin, Sr., and Jr., Bowers, Bayard, Kellogg,
Houghton, Payne, Rhees, and others. We may implicitly rely upon
the accuracy of their observations. I cannot omit in this place to
render my tribute of respect and reverence for the genius, virtues and
sterling qualities of Dr. B. F. Joslin. He was one of those represen-
tative men of our profession and school, ranking with Hartmann, Hem-
pel, Neidhard, Hering, and a few others whose "mighty footsteps '
will
"Echo down the Corridors of Time."
""
Among his many excellent qualities, the most to be admired were
his industry, honesty, and consistency. In the domain of Materia
Medica and Therapeutics, no man has done more in this country. He
has given us some exact and reliable provings, and a volume on
Epidemic Cholera," which is one of the finest monographs ever pub-
lished in our school. He was rigorously honest in that he allowed no
prejudice to sway his judgment, but examined carefully the testimony
relating to drugs, from any and all sources, selecting the reliable, no
matter from what source it emanated, or how obtained. He also
recorded his observations with that truthfulness and candor which
commands our highest regard. Although a staunch champion for
the "high potencies," he did not allow his enthusiasm to degenerate
into bigotry, or his preference into prejudice. He was thoroughly
consistent, always relying upon the higher dilutions even in Cholera,
and his success in their cure was something astonishing, but probably
owing to his carefulness in selecting his remedies. We can admire
such a man, as much as we can despise others, who, constantly harping
upon the highest potencies, habitually resort to the lower, and even
cruder drugs. For myself, who allow the largest latitude, I can sin-
cerely respect the consistency of a Joslin, even though I cannot adopt
his practice altogether. According to Dr. Joslin's "verified symp-
toms," and clinical experience, the Rumex crispus, is closely analo-
gous to Sulphur, Phosphorus, Causticum, Calcarea, Mercurius, and
Spongia. In fact it has many symptoms which are to be found in the
pathogenesis of these remedies. This may partly be accounted for
by a fact too little heeded by our school; namely, that the chemical
analysis of a plant is some clue to its pathogenetic effects. Rumex
c., contains, besides starch, mucilage, lignin, etc., Sulphur, and various
salts, among which are the phosphate of lime. Here we have three
of our best remedies represented indirectly in the yellow-dock, namely,
Calcarea, Phosphorus, and Sulphur. Its use in the old school, for
diseases of the skin, and other obstinate affections, all of which are
covered by the symptoms of the medicines above named, and its un-
doubted success, should have led us, without any proving, to decide
nearly the sphere of action of this plant. The following provings,
however, show its real properties, and proves the reliableness of the
1
57
898
NEW REMEDIES
above assertion. The provings were made with the mother tincture
lower, and higher dilutions; the thirtieth causing the same or similar
symptoms, that were aroused by the crude tincture.
RESUME OF THE PROVINGS.
General Symptoms.-General languor; general pulsation or
throbbing through the body; sensitiveness to the open air in cold
weather, or to the cold.
Characteristics.-Locality and character.-The left chest has
more verified symptoms than any other region; they are generally
sharp pains. The other regions which afford a considerable, and
nearly equal number of symptoms, as compared with each other, are
the head, stomach, abdomen, and inferior extremities. The symptoms
of the head are, generally, dull pains in the frontal region. The
symptoms generally appear to be either in a mucous membrane, or in
a muscular locality, and to be about equally numerous in both. I
leave it for others to decide whether the latter are neuralgic. They
present about the same number as the former.-(Joslin.)
Conditions.—Headache, worse on movement; sensation of weight, or
of a hard substance in the stomach, or pit of the stomach after a meal;
liquid diarrhoea, evacuation in the morning; pain in the chest when
in bed at night; unquiet sleep, with dreams of danger or trouble,
early in the morning; itching of the skin, worse on uncovering, and
exposing it to the air, especially on going to bed in the evening, or at
night.- (Joslin.). ·
The above careful remarks by the astute observer, Dr. Joslin, are
very valuable, and quite practical.
Skin.—Itching in various parts of the body, either in this order:
left portion of the back, left ear, left shoulder, and left loin, or else
principally on the lower extremities. On various parts a stinging,
itching, or pricking itching; itching on the shoulder in the evening,
with itching in the lumbar or dorsal region; itching on the body,
principally on the lower extremities; itching of the skin when un-
covered and exposed to air; eruption on the limbs, first perceived in
the evening; itching of the vesicles on undressing in the evening to
go to bed; an itching rash, in which numerous small red pimples are
developed; the eruption itching in the evening, and worse on ex-
posure to the air.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-For the allopathic use of Rumex, in
skin diseases, see General Effects." No clinical records of cures
of skin diseases, treated with Rumex, have yet appeared in our school
but Dr. H. M. Payne, while experimenting with Rumex, got the fol-
lowing notable symptoms from the crude tincture: "While undress-
RUMEX CRISPUS.
899
ing, and for some time after, considerable itching of the surface of the
lower extremities." This occurred several nights, when he says:-
"There is no appearance of an eruption until after irritating the skin
by scratching, and then rather a diffused redness, which soon disap-
pears. Frequent scratching of the surface has produced a number of
little sores, (which, however, readily heal,) on the calves of the legs,
and about the knees, especially the posterior surfaces; the rash is not
usually troublesome until after the surface is exposed to the air while
undressing at night, or on getting up in the morning; the warmth of the
bed soon relieves the itching." (The contrary occurs in most cases
of skin diseases, the itch especially; also in the provings of Mercurius,
the opposite obtains.) Many persons are troubled with a peculiar
irritability of the skin, like the condition above described. Exposure
to air, working in water, scratching, wearing flannel or new cloth, will
get up considerable irritation, and even cause erythematous and other
eruptions. In such cases the Rumex will probably form an admirable
remedy. I would also suggest its persevering use in those eruptions
which seem constitutional, and which, when suppressed, or not appear-
ing upon the surface, are replaced by cough, hoarseness, and other
lung symptoms. May not the peculiar irritation which Rumex causes
in the bronchial mucous membrane be analogous to the condition of
the skin noted above? The remarks of Dr. C. Dunham are pertinent
to this suggestion. They will be found under the head of "chest."
Sleep. Great propensity to sleep in the evening before the pro-
per time; unquiet sleep at night; restless and uncomfortable in the
bed at night; unquiet sleep, with dreams of danger and trouble early
in the morning; dream of theft or burglary; an unpleasant dream
in the morning between five and six o'clock, just before waking; un-
quiet dreamy sleep, followed by headache, and bitter taste on waking
in the morning.
Fever.-Heat and other symptoms of fever in the morning, pre-
ceded by restlessness at night; increased frequency of pulse; sensa-
tion of heat, followed by that of cold without shivering.
Head.-Sensation of fullness in the head; headache after awaking
in the morning, preceded by a disagreeable dream; headache worse
by motion; dull pain in the head, between the time of waking and
breakfast, preceded by a disagreeable dream in the morning; dull
pain in the head in the forenoon, commencing at 10 o'clock; dull pain
in the forehead; frontal headache on awaking in the morning; pain
over the right eyebrow; pain on the right side of the forehead in the
region of casualty; pain in the left temple; darting pain, or sharp,
piercing pain in the left side of the head, for half an hour or less;
dull aching pain in the occiput.
Eyes. Sore feeling in the eyes, without any external signs of
inflammation.
900
NEW REMEDIES.
Ears.-Ringing in the ears; itching in the ears; sensation as if
the ears were obstructed; constant roaring in the ears, not relieved
by pressing the fingers into the ears.
Nose. — Obstruction of the nose; fluent coryza, attended with
painful irritation in nostril, and sneezing; epistaxis; mucus discharge
from posterior nares; violent and rapid sneezing; sensation of great
dryness in the nose, day and night; feeling of dryness in the pos-
terior nares.
Face.-Sensation of heat in the cheeks, within the first hour; heat
and redness of the face in the evening; heat and redness in the face
with dull headache in the evening.
Teeth.-Toothache with aching in the head; grumbling, stinging
toothache in right superior molars, while riding in cold wind, attended
with and aching in forehead.
Mouth.-Sensation as from a burn or scald on the tongue; sensa-
tion of excoriation, or slight stinging, at edge of tongue; flow of saliva
within first hour; dryness of the mouth and tongue at night.
Throat.-Sensation of excoriation in the throat; sore feeling in
the throat on swallowing, in the forenoon; sensation as of a lump in
the throat, not relieved by hawking and swallowing; raw feeling in
throat, with secretion of phlegm; mucus secreted in upper part of
throat; aching sensation in the throat, as if a lump were sticking fast
in the œsophagus, aching in the pharynx, with collection of tough
mucus in the fauces.
Gastric Sypmtoms.-Awoke with bitter taste in the mouth in
morning; flatulency after meals; heaviness, or a sensation of hard
substance in the stomach or epigastrium soon after a meal; after a
meal has a sensation of weight in the stomach, like that produced by
the presence of undigested food in it (the first symptoms in two
provers, with the tincture*). Tasteless eructations; sensation of
fullness or distention of the stomach or scrobiculous cordis, with eruc-
tations on going to bed or in the evening; nausea in the morning and
forenoon, also in the evening; nausea with eructations; nausea either
with a sensation of fullness in the abdomen, as if diarrhoea were form-
ing, or else with moving in the intestines as from a cathartic; sharp
pain in the pit of the stomach, either worse on movement, or occur-
ring while riding out in the open air; stitching, then cutting pain in
stomach.
* "Dr. Payne, who experienced this symptom several times, adds, that this sensation of
weight in the stomach, was accompanied with a pressing sensation as far upward as the throat
pit; it descended towards the stomach upon every empty deglutition, but immediately re-
turned. I have clinical confirmation of this, as well as the symptoms of the text."- (Joslin.)
RUMEX CRISPUS.
901
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has been used with alleged success
in dyspepsia. Many of the above symptoms would seem to indicate
its applicability in some forms of gastric derangement. Dr. Joslin
reports the following cases in the Review: -“A young lady com-
plained of shootings from the pit of the stomach into the chest in
various directions; sharp pains in left chest; dull aching in the fore-
head, and slight nausea; ordered her to take Rumex, thirtieth, morn-
ing and evening. She called thenext day; all her symptoms had
been removed by a single dose, and her appetite, which had been de-
fective, improved; having eaten an unusually full dinner, there is a
partial return of the shootings; gave Rumex thirtieth, evening and
morning; there was no further complaint." "A lady about 50 years of
age, who had suffered about three weeks with pain in the pit of stomach,
aching in the left chest, flatulence, eructations, pressure and dis-
tention in the stomach after meals; was permanently cured of these
dyspeptic symptoms in two or three hours by one dose of Rumex, two
hundredth. "A young lady has a sensation of fullness and pressure
in the pit of the stomach, extending up towards and to the throat, and
afterwards carried down again towards the stomach when she swal-
lows, and then rising again to the throat. This curious alternation has
been observed in the proving of Rumex. She was cured by Rumex
two hundredth." "A gentleman, not accustomed to the use of tea,
took a cup of it, very weak, of the black kind; then followed aching
in the pit of the stomach, and aching and shooting above it in the
chest, at, and especially on each side of the lower end of the sternum.
These symptoms were removed in a few minutes by one dose of the
Rumex, thirtieth."
Hypochondrium.-Pain in the hypochondrium in the afternoon,
after dinner, worse on movement, or occurring while walking; hypo-
chondrium pained by coughing, rapid walking, or deep inspiration.
Abdomen.-Dull pain in the abdomen in day time, continuing two
hours; pain in the abdomen in the night; pain in the abdomen in the
morning; pain in the abdomen in the morning in bed; protuberance
or hardness, or else sensation of fullness in the abdomen, rumbling in
the bowels, or much flatus moving about in them; pain in the abdo-
men, occurring or increasing during deep inspiration; moving in the
intestines; flatulent colic near the umbilicus soon after a meal, miti-
gated by discharge of flatus; emissions of flatus in the morning; pain
in the umbilical region, with eructation, soon followed by pain over
eyebrow; pain in the abdomen, in the morning, followed by an evacu-
ation of the bowels; griping pain in the bowels below the umbilicus,
which is partially relieved by the discharge of very offensive flatus,
after breakfast; sensation in the bowels as if diarrhoea would ensue.
(See clinical remarks under "stool.”)
Stool and Anus.-Dark-colored fæces; stool brown, or else black ;
constipation, or else scanty fæces; sensation in the bowels as if a
902
NEW REMEDIES.
diarrhoeic evacuation would ensue, the sensation passing off without a
subsequent evacuation; liquid diarrhoeaic stool in the morning;
diarrhoeaic stool in the morning, preceded by sensations; diar-
rhoeaic stool in the morning, preceded by pain in the abdomen; sen-
sation as if from pressure of a stick in the rectum; itching in the anus;
discharge of offensive flatus.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is considered by allopathists, as
similar in its action to Rhubarb, and has been used by that school in
diarrhoea and dysentery. It is homoeopathic to some forms of intes-
tinal disorder. Dr. A. E. Small informs me that at one time he found
it very useful in the bowel complaints of children. Dr. C. Dunham
writes (Am. Hom. Review, vol, íi, p. 533), “I have noticed in one
case the cessation of a brown, watery diarrhoea after the administra-
tion of Rumëx. A boy of five years, had brown, watery diarrhoea,
chiefly in the morning, having five stools from 5 to 9 A M., attended
with moderate griping pain in the lower part of the abdomen; this
continued several days, notwithstanding two prescriptions which I
made for it. Observing that the bov had a cough, which presented
the characteristic features of the Rumex cough, I gave that remedy,
and both diarrhoea and cough were speedily cured." A writer, (“I”)
in the Hom. Review, reports two cases. "A lady about the turn of
life, had diarrhoea in the morning, four evacuations, between 6 and 10
A. M.; fæces very thin; evacuation painless; nausea on movement in
the night. preceding the evacuations; mouth dry, tongue slightly
coated yellow; the day previous had dull pain on the right side of the
sternum; sharp pain on the left. Gave Rumex thirtieth, in solution,
once in three hours. The next day all the symptoms were removed.”
“Diarrhea in the morning with cough—a lady about fifty years of
age, has had diarrhoea every morning for four days; the evacuations
profuse, offensive, and thin, and have even become watery; she is
also suffering from a cough, excited by a sensation of tickling in the
throat pit. It is usually dry, but when expectoration takes place,
this is tasteless; the cough shocks the stomach, and is attended with
a sensation of excoriation in the chest; it keeps her awake at night.
Rumex thirtieth, every four hours, on 30th of March, in the even-
ing the cough was immediately and decidedly improved, so that she
slept all night. Next morning she awoke with the most severe
headache she had ever suffered; it was a continuous aching in the
temples, forehead and eyebrows, and lasted all the morning; the
cough and diarrhoea were removed without any other medicines. All
the above symptoms, except the foetor of the fæces, have been ob-
served as pathogenetic of Rumex."
daughter, aged respectively
'diarrhoea in the morning,
in the latter half of the
Dr. L. Shafer writes: "A mother and
about 35 and 12 years, had for four days a
with cough." The diarrhoea occurred
night and early morning-three to five evacuations, which were
liquid, dark, copious and offensive. The evacuations were preceded
by a violent dry cough, provoked by a tickling in the throat-pit,
and sensation of excoriation under upper end of sternum;
nausea
RUMEX CRISPUS.
903
on movement; severe griping in the lower part of the abdomen;
tongue slightly coated and of a yellowish tinge.' Having with me
Rumex c., 2d dil., I gave to each, one drop in a teaspoonful of water,
the dose to be repeated every two hours, till 9 o'clock P. M., dis-
continued during the night, and resumed in the morning, to be taken
as on the preceding day, and so on till I saw them. Called again
in two days, and found that after the first dose the diarrhoea had
disappeared, and seemingly taken with it the dry cough and its
accompaniments, the nausea and the abdominal pain. Appetite
had returned and convalescence was established."
"Was called to see a lad about 14 years of age, who had been
ill already ten days. Had aching pain of the scalp, darting pain
of the neck, the integument of which was reddened and the muscles
swollen and rigid; lancinating pain of a shifting character, affecting
the walls of the chest; a dull or pungent pain affected the hips and
extremities, all of which were aggravated by pressure or movement;
pulse 100 and upwards; skin hot and dry; thirst considerable; dry
cough excited by a sensation of tickling in the sternal extremity of
the trachea, which was annoying at night; several thin, brownish,
free evacuations towards morning, preceded by nausea on moving,
and cutting pain in the lower abdomen; tongue coated and yellow,
with bitter taste."
Under the use of Aconite, Bryonia, and Mercurius, the fever,
rheumatism and abdominal pain were removed in due time. But
there remained a slight disposition to scrape, and the occasional ex-
pectoration of a little whitish tenacious mucus; a painless diarrhoea,
the evacuations now having a considerable consistence, were dark and
offensive. After making two or three prescriptions for the diarrhoea
without avail, I gave Rumex c., 2d dec. dil., a drop every two hours,
in a teaspoonful of water-the remedy to be omitted during the night.
The patient took the same dose every three hours on the second and
third day. After the first dose he had no evacuations from the
bowels for three days, and his laryngeal and tracheal irritation passed
off at the same time. On the third day after taking the first dose of
Rumex c., he had a good appetite and was fairly convalescent.
Urinary Organs, etc.-Urine extremely pale, or colorless; very
sudden and urgent desire to urinate; copious discharge of colorless
urine in afternoon; complete loss of sexual desire for several days.
Larynx.-Pain in the larynx; (in the second prover in a few
minutes, and the first rumex symptom in six years;) tenacious mucus
in the throat or larynx, detached and removed by an expiratory effort,
or attended with a constant desire to hawk and raise it; (in the first
prover it was the first symptom in the second proving, five years after
the first;) much mucus in the bronchi, or in the larynx; expectora-
tion made by coughing and hawking, or attempted by hawking, worse
at night; scraping and tenacious mucus in the throat, or else much
tough mucus in the larynx, with a constant desire to hawk and raise
90₤
NEW REMEDIES.
it, but without relief; cough excited by tickling or irritation behind the
sternum; cough excited by irritation in the chest; cough, attended
with pain in the head. Sudden change of voice at the same hour on
consecutive days; the first and second of the proving, it becomes sud-
denly hoarse at eleven at night, or else rose several notes in pitch at
two in the afternoon.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Rumex c. scems to have a specific
affinity for the laryngeal and bronchial mucous membrane; the re-
corded clinical experience with this remedy is quite extensive.
Dr.
C. Dunham makes some valuable observations concerning its thera-
peutical properties. I copy a portion of his article (see Amer. Hom.
Review, vol. ii., p. 530) I have used the Rumex chiefly in acute
catarrhal affections of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. In these
cases it seems to me to present a close analogy in its action to Bella-
donna, Lachesis, Phosphorus and Causticum. Without assuming to
present an exhaustive analysis of the action of Rumex on the respira-
tory organs, I proceed to state the indications for its use to which my
studies of it have thus far led me. Rumex diminishes the secre-
tions, and at the same time exalts in a very marked manner, the sen-
sibility of the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea, exceeding
in the extent of this exaltation, any remedy known to us. The cough,
therefore, is frequent and continuous, to an extent quite out of propor-
tion to the degree of organic affection of the mucous membrane. It is
dry, occurs in long paroxysms, or, under certain circumstances, is
almost uninterrupted. It is induced or greatly aggravated by any
irregularity of respiration, such as an inspiration a little deeper or
more rapid than usual; by an inspiration of air a little colder than
that previously inhaled; by irregularity of respiration, and motion of
the larynx and trachea, such as are involved in the act of speech; and
by external pressure upon the trachea, in the region of the supra-
sternal fossa. The subjective symptoms, are, rawness and soreness
in the trachea, extending a short distance below the supra-sternal
fossa, and laterally into the bronchi, chiefly the left; and tickling in
the supra-sternal fossa, and behind the sternum, provoking the cough ;
this tickling is very annoying and very persistent, and is often but
momentarily, and sometimes only partially,relieved by coughing. The
cough occurs chiefly, or is much worse, in the evening after retiring,
and at the time the membrane of the trachea is particularly sensitive
to cold air, and to any irregularity in the flow of air over its surface;
so that the patient often covers the head with the bed clothes to avoid
the cold air of the apartment, and refuses to speak, or even to listen
to conversation, lest his attention should be withdrawn from he
supervision of his respiratory acts, which he performs with the most
careful uniformity and deliberation, and all in the hope of preventing
the distressing tickling and the harrassing cough which would ensue
from a neglect of these precautions. I have frequently witnessed
this state of things during the last three years, and have invariably
given prompt relief with Rumex. In the group of remedies in which
RUMEX CRISPUS.
905
*
I have placed Rumex (along with Bell., Lach., Phos., Caus.), it stands
pre-eminent in respect to the extreme sensibility of the tracheal
mucous membrane. All of these remedies produce symptoms identi-
cal in kind the characteristic of each is to be found in the relative
degree in which each symptom is pronounced in the different reme-
dies, quite as much as in the possession by any one of them of symp-
toms not produced by the others. Thus, Belladonna, Lachesis, and
Rumex produce each, a dry cough, induced by tickling in the larynx
or trachea, and provoked by deep inspiration, by speaking, and by
external pressure on the larynx or trachea, The cough of each is
spasmodic and long continued, and is worse at night after retiring;
but, apart from the fact that Belladonna and Lachesis act more upon
the lower part of the trachea, we observe that, in the case
of Lachesis, the slightest external pressure on the larynx or
trachea produces violent and long.continued, spasmodic cough; the
patient cannot endure the least constriction in that region, not even
the ordinary contact of his clothing. There is, moreover, a sense of
fullness in the trachea and a very painful aching in the whole extent
of the os hyoides. In the case of Belladonna not only is cough pro-
duced to a moderate extent by pressing upon the larynx, but sorc-
ness and pain are experienced with a sense of internal fullness and
soreness which at once suggests the presence of acute laryngitis sub-
mucosa. In Rumex, on the other hand, there is no sensibility,
strictly speaking, of the trachea, but simply such an instability of the
mucous membrane that cough is produced by the change of position
induced in that membrane by external pressure on the trachea. As
regards the extent and intensity of this symptom, Rumex holds a
lower rank than the other remedies named. But the irritability of
mucous membrane by virtue of which cough is induced by hurried or
deep inspiration, or by speaking, while it is common to Bell., Lach.,
Rumex, and Phosphorus is produced in the most exalted degree, as
we have already seen, by Rumex, which, as regards this symptom,
takes first rank. A sensation of rawness or roughness in the larynx,
trachea and bronchia is produced by each of the four remedies above
named, but the locality and the degree in which it is produced, vary in
such a manner as to serve in some measure as a characteristic of
each. It is most marked in Phosphorus and Belladonna, less promi-
nent in Rumex, and least of all in Lachesis. In Belladonna and
Lachesis it is most marked in the larynx; indeed it is almost con-
fined to that region. Rumex produces it in the trachea and upper
part of the bronchia, while Phosphorus induces it in the whole mu-
cous tract, from the larynx to the smaller bronchia, and bronchi; and,
moreover, in the Phosphorus proving this " rawnesS of the air
passages is accompanied by a no less characteristic sense of weight
aud constriction across the upper part of the thorax, which indicates
an affection of the finer air tubes, and of the air vesicles, of such a
character as seriously to impede the function of respiration. In con-
sidering this last symptom we must mention Causticum also, which
produces "rawness," extending the whole length of the sternum.
"A!l five remedies, again, produce hoarseness; Phosphorus, Caus-
906
NEW REMEDIES.
ticum and Belladonna most eminently, Rumex less decidedly, and
Lachesis in a still less degree. As regards complications, Belladonna
and Lachesis apply especially to those which involve the fauces and
pharynx, and are acute-the one of a sthenic, the other of an asthenic
character:-Phosphorus, those of the pulmonary tissues of a definite
inflammatory character; and Rumex to certain affections of the lungs
and their envelopes, of which their nature is not clearly defined in
the proving. They are indicated by pairs, generally sub-acute, in
the upper part of the lung, near the clavicle and axilla, and more
frequent in the left than in the right lung.
The following case from my clinical record, will illustrate the
character of the Rumex cough: M-, aged twenty-two, of feeble
constitution, strumous, subject for several years to sub-acute rheuma-
tism, has had a severe cold for several days, and is now confined to
the bed. The pulse is quick, not hard, one hundred and ten, skin
moderately hot and dry; face somewhat flushed; respiration embar-
rassed, not so much by any constriction of the chest, as by the vio-
lent and long-continued cough, which follows any attempt to make a
full inspiration. A physical examination of the chest reveals no
abnorinal condition. The patient complains of roughness and sorc-
ness in the lower part of the trachea, and behind the upper third of
the sternum, much more perceptible when she coughs. The cough is
dry, slightly hoarse, very violent and fatiguing to the patient. It is
provoked by a tickling in the supra-sternal fossa, is induced by pres-
sure on the trachea in that region, and especially by talking, and by
deep inspiration, or by the inspiration of cool air. This irritability
of the trachea increases very remarkably after 7 P. M., so that, the
patient suffers exceedingly from the constant tickling and violent
cough. Can prevent it only by respiring with very great caution
and deliberation, by avoiding all distractions of speech and conver-
sation, and finally she draws the bed-clothes over the head, in order
to avoid inhaling the cool air of the chamber. This patient states
that she has frequently had such coughs as this, and they have proved
very obstinate, although under skillful homeopathic treatment.
gave Rumex 12th, in solution, a teaspoonful every two hours. After
the second dose, there was complete relief. The next evening a very
slight disposition to cough. No further symptoms. I supplied the
patient with Rumex 30th, and advised her to use it at once, on the
occurrence of such a cough, and I am informed that she always suc-
ceeded in subduing the cough within twelve hours.
I
The following cases in the practice of Dr. P. P. Wells, of Brook-
lyn, were communicated in a letter to Dr. Joslin, some years since.
We regret that these are the only cases of Dr. W.'s that we can at
present report, but hope that at some future time we shall be able to
publish more, as the Doctor's experience with this remedy has been
very satisfactory:
"Mrs. had been subject to eight miscarriages, all in the
early part of pregnancy, which, in each case, was early attended with
dry, shaking, spasmodic cough, in paroxysms of great violence, which
was regarded by herself and friends, as instrumental in producing
RUMEX CRISPUS.
907
the abortions
At the beginning of the ninth pregnancy, she came
to Brooklyn to be under homoeopathic treatment. She had her cough,
which was very dry, harsh, loud, shaking, worse at night, preventing
sleep, excited instantly by pressure on the trachea. The cough was
relieved promptly by Rumex crispus, 30th. The following marked
and rather important group of symptoms were relieved promptly, in
the treatment of the case of our friend D., by Rumex 200th, Lehr-
man's preparation. Thinking a knowledge of the fact might interest
you, to whom we are indebted for our knowledge of this interesting
drug, I send it:
The cough begins with tickling behind the top of the sternum,
and sometimes in paroxysms of from five to ten minutes duration.
Trachea sore to outward pressure; feels excoriated through its whole
extent, as do also the whole fauces; cough excited by pressure on
the throat pit; cough is violent, with scanty, difficult expectoration;
shocks the head and chest, as if the head would fly in pieces, and he
feels as if he might raise blood at any minute He is greatly ex-
hausted after the paroxysms of coughing; head aches during the
cough. You have the group above in the order as written down for
me by his brother, and upon which I prescribed the medicine, which
was followed with the happiest results.
Dr. J. M. Rhees reports several cases of aphonia :
One of three months' standing, with sore throat during deglutition;
posterior surface of pharynx irritated, and in places excoriated;
edges of soft palate and uvula red and somewhat swollen, and cov.
ered with an eruption of minute red pimples; slight, hacking cough.
produced by a tickling in the larynx and upper part of the trachea.
Under Carbo veg., Causticum and Mercurius she grew worse; her
cough became almost constant; tickling at the root of the tongue,
Hyosciamus and Rhus were given, but gave no relief. Rumex 6th
was then given, and she commenced to improve the day after.
the third day, her cough was much better, and the pharynx loлked
almost natural. The eruption on the palate had almost disappeared,
but there was still some redness on the edges; Rumex 5th, as before.
Cured.
On
Dr. B. F. Joslin* reported eleven cases of cough cured with the
30th dilution of the Rumex crispus. I give a brief abstract of the
cases.
Case 1st,-Dry cough; tickling in the throat pit; excoriation in
the larynx, and behind the upper portion of the sternum; cough
worse on working; pain in the chest. Rumex 30th cured the case;
three doses only were given. The cough had lasted several weeks
before the Rumex was prescribed.
Case 2d.-Fluent coryza, with cough excited by tickling in
the throat pit; sensation of excoriation behind the upper part of the
sternum, while coughing; Rumex 30th, morning and evening. Cured
promptly.
* Phil. Journal of Hom., Vol. I.
908
NEW REMEDIES.
Case 3d.-A hoarseness in the evening; cough; excoriation be-
hind the whole of the sternum. on coughing and inspiration, and
coldness of the fingers; Rumex 30th, three times a day. Cured in
a few days.
Case 4th.--Severe, dry cough, excited by an irritated pressure
in the throat-pit; excoriation in the larynx and chest; Rumex 30th,
morning and evening. Cured in a few days.
Case 5th.-Cough excited by pressure on the throat, and attended
with excoriation in the larynx and chest, and hoarseness.
He took
one dose of Rumex, thirty drops, in the morning; in the afternoon of
the same day, was much better; no cough next day, nor did it
return.
Case 6.-Violent cough in evening, worse about 11 o'clock at
night; aggravated by lying down; excited by a tickling behind
the sternum, and with accumulation of mucus in the fauces, near
the posterior orifice of the nares. One dose of Rumex 30th, re-
moved the paroxysm in a few minutes, and did not return.
Case 7.-A young lady complained of shootings from the pit of
the stomach into the chest, in various directions; sharp pains in
the left chest; dull aching in the forehead, and slight nausea;
Rumex 30th, morning and evening.
Cured in two days.
My own experience with Rumex has been mainly with the third dilu-
ution. I have cured many cases where Phos., Merc., and Caust., seemed
indicated, but failed. The remedy has not been used as much by
the profession, as its merits seem to demand.
Dr. Hughes writes concerning Rumex :*
I
'I would call attention to the remarks of Dr. Carroll Dunham on
the action of this substance on the air passages, cited by Dr. Hale
at t p. 361 of his book. It is a model of delicate application and dis-
criminative comparison. Nor is it fanciful; for I have never seen
any curative action so prompt and certain as that of Rumex crispus
over the cough described by Dr. Dunham. Twice already I have seen
an incessant racking cough of days' duration extinguished by one or
two doses of the sixth dilution of this drug. I give it thus high, be-
cause the provings of the drug which have led to this use of it were
instituted with very small doses.
"I hope that these few notes may stimulate others towards the clin-
ical verification of the provings of the new remedies, while they serve
in themselves as a slight contribution towards this object.
Rumex has been an admirable remedy in my hands in many cases
of acute bronchial affections. I recall one case in which there was
dry, tickling, spasmodic cough, with tenderness in the larynx and
trachea, rendering the cough quite painful. I have used it only in
the 30th potency.
Dr. M. A. Tinker sends us the following cases:
Case 1.-Charles S-, aged 26, nervous, sanguine temperament ;
dry cough; tickling in the throat-pit; continued desire to cough on
breathing cold air, worse after retiring to bed; obliged to cover the
* British Journal of Homopathy, No. 92.
RUMEX CRISPUS.
909
?
¡
mouth with bed clothes, and use every effort to prevent coughing;
has occasional pains through both lungs, extending up into the tra-
chea; feels weak and exhausted in the morning; very frequently a
rawness of the throat in the morning; Rumex 6th relieved in two
days and no return.
Case 2.-Augustus D., aged 23, nervous temperament, been sub-
ject to severe, dry cough, at times, for several years, and thinks him-
self consumptive; cough worse in the evening; unable to breathe the
cold air of his sleeping room, and has a severe coughing spell in the
morning, on rising, and at times during the day, and especially on
taking a deep inspiration; is thin and rather emaciated; has night
sweats, frequently; tickling in throat and down at the top of the
sternum; after coughing for some time, a rawness in the throat of a
very disagreeable character, extending from the pharynx down
beneath the upper portion of the sternum, accompanied by a burning
sensation through the upper lobes of both lungs, (the clavicular re-
gion,) with loss of appetite, and considerable prostration of general
strength. After a long and careful physical exploration of the chest,
I could find no indication of actual presence of tubercles. I am
fully satisfied on this point. I prescribed Rumex 3d. In 24 hours,
much improved, and has continued to progress, and is now at his
usual occupation, and considers himself about well, coughing only
occasionally.
I find Rumex, in this form of irritation is the great remedy; it
succeeds when Phosphorus and many other remedies have failed with
me. I have used it with unbounded success, where these dry tittila-
ting symptoms occur.
Chest.—Pain in the chest, right and left; either aching pain in
the anterior portion of both lungs, which harrassed him day and night
for five days, or else raw pain just under each clavicle while hawking
mucus out of the throat; pain in chest when in bed at night; pain in
outer-superior part of chest, near the axillas; near the left axilla,
pain undefined—near the right, sharp; both after the same dilution;
first symptom in two provers; in one, in ten minutes, the first symp-
tom ever produced in any proving of Rumex; in the other, two min-
utes, his first symptom-sharp pain in right chest; a burning pain in
the left chest; dull pain in the left chest; sharp pain in left
chest; shootings in the left chest; sticking pain in the left
thoracic region; stitches in the left chest; sharp, cutting
pain at or under the left breast; pain in the chest a little below and to
the right of the left nipple; burning, sticking, or burning, stinging
pain in the left chest; burning-smarting, or burning-stinging pain
in the left chest; a very acute stitch, or burning-stinging pain in
the left chest; shootings, or else dull pain in the left side near the
back, a little above the seventh rib; pain in the left chest when
910
NEW REMEDIES.
recumbent; a sticking or stitch in the left chest while riding in the
open air; painful sensation in the anterior part of the left chest, im-
mediately after waking, about two o'clock at night, and between five
and six hours after taking a low dilution; an acute stitch in the
sternal region, or a severe stinging, which obstructs the respiration;
itching at or near the sternum; dull pain in the region of the heart
burning pain in the region of, or near the heart; palpitation of the
heart, or else a sensation in the left chest, as if the heart had sud-
denly ceased beating, followed by a heavy throbbing through the
chest.
"(
;
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Some of the provers, especially Dr.
Rhees, experienced some peculiar, and severe cardiac symptoms,
which we could hardly, at first thought, expect from this remedy.
Yet we have no right to judge, before we prove a remedy thoroughly,
of its probable effect on the body. It does seem, however, if Rumex
thus affects the heart, that of the thousands who have taken the dock
in large doses, some of them would have had dangerous heart-disease;
but we hear of no such instances. Dr. M. J. Rhees, one of the
original provers of this remedy, furnishes the following interesting
case: Joseph H, aged 13 years, subject to violent attacks of
inflammatory rheumatism. In the spring of 1858 I attended him in
a severe attack, in which the disease concentrated itself on the heart
with so much violence that I almost despaired of his recovery. Pul-
satilla cured the disease at that time. In December, 1858, he was
again attacked, but the heart was the principal seat of the disease from
the first. On the 24th December, his symptoms were: violent palpi-
tation of the heart, with throbbing of the carotid, and throughout the
body, visible to the eye and shaking the bed; pulse 120; violent
aching pain in the region of the heart; great dyspnoea, especially
while lying, so that it was necessary to prop him up in a sitting pos-
ture in bed; face red and somewhat puffed up, especially about the
eyes, which were red, heavy, and lustreless; tongue coated with
white fur, with red tip and edges; excessive thirst; no appetite;
bowels costive. I commenced the treatment by giving Aconite 3d,
and Pulsatilla 3d, alternately. Some relief followed the administra-
tion of these remedies, but the improvement was slow. From Decem-
ber 28th to January 9th, 1859, various other remedies were used, as,
they seemed to be indicated, but without decided improvement on the
whole. On the latter date the patient complained of a stinging pain
in the region of the heart, which was increased by lying down and by
breathing deeply In my arranged proving of Rumex crispus the fol-
lowing symptoms may be found:-"No. 41, burning, stinging pain in
the whole of the left side of the chest, suddenly, when taking a deep
inspiration while in the act of lying down in the bed at night."-
No. 49, burning-stinging pain in the left chest near the heart; came
on soon after lying down in the bed at night. These symptoms were
fresh in my memory, and I accordingly gave Rumex crispus 6th, in
66
RUMEX CRISPUS.
911
water, two tea-spoonfulls every three hours. January 10th, consider-
ably relieved of the pain in the chest, and otherwise improved; con-
tinued Rumex. January 11th, the pain in the chest is almost re-
moved. Rumex was continued several days after this, with the effect
of entirely relieving the pain in the chest; but the improvement in
other respects ceasing, Rumex was discontinued, and other remedies
substituted. Belladonna 30th, and Phosphorus 3 th, eventually cured
the case, and there has been no return of the disease. This case is
in many respects a marked one. But it will require further clinical
experience to prove satisfactorily, that Rumex will cure serious heart
affections.
Spinal Region.-Sore or burning pain at or near the sacro-iliac
symphysis; chilliness in the back; sensation of heat in the back;
pressive or aching pain in back at the inferior angle of scapula; ach-
ing pain in the back, on the left side of the dorsal spine, either
extending from the spine half way to the side, or else situated under
and below the apex of the left scapula; stinging pain in the left dorsal
region near the inferior angle of the scapula; pain in the back in the
evening; itching in the evening.
Superior Extremities.-Pain in shoulder; either pain in the
left shoulder, and from it along the upper arm to the elbow, includ-
ing the joint, and leaving the arm with a sensation as if strained,
commencing after four minutes, or else pain in the right shoulder on
waking in the morning, ameliorated by rest, and passing off in two
hours; itching on shoulder in the morning; pain in upper arm
in the evening; numb sensation in the right hand about 10 P. M.,
or else in the left upper arm, after lying down in bed; pain
at the inner side of the right upper arm; dull aching pain in the left
upper arm pain in the upper arm and elbow, undefined or dull; pain
in wrist, the left aching, or ulnar half of the right, character unde-
fined.
Inferior Extremities.—A sensation of weakness or fatigue in
lower limbs; aching of the lower extremities; itching on lower
extremities when the part is uncovered and exposed to cool air;
stinging or prickling itching at an upper part of inferior extremity,
either at the anterior part of the left thigh, or on the nates; pain in
knee, when in erect posture; stitch-like pain at the inner part when
stepping, or rending aching in the flexure of the left while standing
the legs feel weak in the evening, or tired then, though he had done
but little walking; pain in anterior part of both lower extremities,
either rheumatic pain at the anterior part of the tibiæ, or rending in
the anterior part of the tibiæ, or rending in the anterior part of the
ankle joints, running down the insteps; aching in the calves, or
912
NEW REMEDIES.
drawing pain in the right calf; itching on the calves of the legs;
legs densely covered with a rash, composed partly of small red pim
ples; itching worse on exposure to the air in the evening when un-
dressing to go to bed; aching or rending in the upper anterior part
of the tarsus, the instep; sensation of coldness of the feet during the
forenoon.
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
(Blood-root.)
ANALOGUES.-Arsenicum, Asclepias tuberosa, Ammonium
causticum, Arum maculatum, Belladonna, Bromine, Bryonia,
Calcarea carbonica, Calcarea causticum, Causticum, Chelidonium,
Colchicum, Drosera, Eryngium, Hepar sulphur, Iris versicolor,
Kali bromatum, Lachesis, Lycopodium, Mercurius, Phosphorus,
Phytolacca, Pulsatilla, Rumex, Seneza, Sepia, Spongia, Stannum,
Sulphur, Tartar emetic,
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.*-Sanguinaria is a Spring plant, found in
Canada, and all parts of the United States, extending southward to
Florida and westward to Mexico and Oregon. It generally grows in
rich lands, covered with forests and shaded in Summer, avoiding the
sea coast and high mountains.
The root is perennial, horizontal, oblong, and when green, nearly
of the length of the finger, from one-fourth to one-half an inch in
diameter, knotty, fleshy, with numerous radicles. Its præmorse or
abrupt form is occasioned by its making off-sets from its sides, which
off-sets separate as the root decays. Its color, externally, is reddish-
brown; but internally it is paler. It is succulent, and when cut or
broken it emits, from numerous points on the transverse surface, a
bright orange, or rather dark vermillion colored juice, which has a
bitterish, acrid, but peculiar taste, which remains long in the mouth,
and leaves a persistent burning in the throat. The juice of the stem
is between a red color and a yellow, as that from the stem of Cheli-
donium majus is pure yellow, and that from Papaver is white.
The bud, which terminates the root, is composed of successive
scales or sheaths, the last of which acquires considerable size as the
plant springs up. By dissection of the bud, in Summer or Autumn,
the embryo leaf and flower of the ensuing Spring may be discovered;
and with a common magnifying glass, even the stamens may be
counted, without any caulis.
*The following description and history I take from Dr. F. W. Hunt's article in N. A. Journal
for Nov. 1866; also published in Transactions of N. Y. State Hom. Association, 1866.
#
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
913
Petiole.-But a single petiole and scape, or peduncle, generally
proceed from each bud of the tuber, both being enveloped at the base
with the sheaths above mentioned, which are glaucous, and somewhat
succulent. The petiole is radical and solitary, from two to four inches
long, and channelled.
Leaf. The leaf is reniform, sub-cordate, with five or seven large
rounded lobes, separated by obtuse sinuses. The leaf is very glab-
rous, delicate, of a gray-green color, resembling in texture the leaf
of the Celandine; the underside is strongly reticulated with veins,
paler than the upper side, and at length becoming glaucous. After
the fall of the flower, the leaves continue to grow; and by midsum-
mer, when the seeds have fully ripened, they appear like those of a
different plant, being more like Asarum than Sanguinaria.
The scape, or peduncle is smooth, naked, round, rising in front of
the petiole, and enfolded by the young leaf. It is from two to six
inches long, and flowered; the flowers appearing in March or April.
The calyx is di-sepalous, or two-leaved perianth. The sepals are
concave, obtuse, shorter than the cord, and caducous.
The corol is polypetalous, the petals generally being eight in num-
ber, but varying from eight to fourteen, and under cultivation the
number is often doubled. They are white, spreading, oblong, con-
cave, obtuse, and deciduous, like those of the poppy, the alternate
and external petals being wider and longer than the others, giving
the flower a square appearance.
Stamens.-These are numerous, about twenty-four; filaments
simple, shorter than the coral; anthers oblong and yellow; recep-
tacles or placentas two in number, marginal and filiform.
The germ is oblong and compressed.
Style.--None.
Stigma sessile, thickish and two-grooved, the
same height as the stamens, and persistent.
The capsule is superior, oblong, lanceolate, ventricose, tapering
It is two-valved, two-celled; it
at both ends, the apex attenuated.
bursts when the seeds are ripe, and then disappears.
Receptacles two in number, filiform, marginal.
Seeds. These are numerous, roundish, compressed, dark, shining
red in color, and half surrounded by a white, vermiform appendix,
projecting out of the lower end.
The medicinal part of the Sanguinaria is the rhizome, which con-
tains the red colored juice. It should be gathered early in the Spring
or late in Autumn. For all medicinal purposes we prefer the dried
root. The leaves and seeds have been little tried, and have been
pronounced poisonous. The odor of the root is somewhat narcotic;
and when pulverized, the dry and fine powder excites sneezing.
HISTORY.-Just one hundred years after Cartier discovered the
St. Lawrence river, and bestowed upon about half of North America
the name of New France, Jacob Cornuti, a scientific associate of the
French Governor, noticed and described the plant now known as the
Sanguinaria. The name of Governor Champlain will be perpetuated
in geography, in association with a New York lake; and history will
preserve the record of his services in founding the City of Quebec.
58
914
NEW REMEDIES.
It is proper that science should transmit to posterity the memory of
Cornuti, who, when his old commander was dying, sought a new friend
in this beautiful plant, which he was the first to introduce to the
botanists of Europe.
It is said that within five years after it was described by Cornuti,
it was cultivated in England as a rare exotic, of great beauty. It
has since been found in nearly every part of North America, and has
been fully described by all the botanists, from Tournefort to the
present time. At present, I propose to review the observations of
about two centuries furnished by medical men; to analyze the symp-
toms they have collected, and to compare them with the results of
personal observations, commenced about thirty-five years ago; I shall
endeavor to retain nearly all that I can recognize as available in
practice.
CHEMICAL CHARACTER.-Chemical analysis furnishes the following
constituents:
1. Sanguinarina. This alkaloid was discovered by Dr. Dana, of
New York, in 1824; in it the active properties of the plant chiefly
reside. Dr. James Schiel, of St. Louis, claims to have determined
the identity of Sanguinarina with Chelrythrin, obtained from Celan-
dine.* The formula for Sanguinarina is C37, H16, NOS.
2. A second alkaloid has been found in Sanguinaria, by Riegel,
which he thinks analogous to Porphyroxin, obtained by Merck, from
Opium.
Besides these
3. Mr E. S. Wayne, of Cincinnati, has discovered a third alka-
loid, for which the name Puccin has been proposed.
three alkaloids, he says Sanguinaria contains:
4.
5.
6.
7.
Chelidonic acid.
Fecula.
Saccharine matter.
Albumen.
8. Resin, orange colored.
9. Fixed oil.
10, Gum, in small quantity.
11. Extractive.
12. Lignin.
Another analysis is given by Mr. Lee.‡
[Two active principles of Sanguinaria are now recognized as offic-
inal, namely: Sanguinarina, or the alkaloid principle; and Sanguin-
aria, or the alka-resinoid principle. A Sulphate, Muriate and Nitrate
of Sanguinarina are now prepared from the alkaloid.
Of these preparations, the Sulphate is the most powerful, and
will probably become the most valuable preparation of the last three
named.-HALE.]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The first knowledge of the powers of San-
guinaria obtained by Europeans, was derived from the Indians. They
used the juice of the plant as a paint for the ornament of their faces,
and also as a remedy in some pectoral diseases. Its most obvious
* Silliman's Journal of Science and Arts, Sept. 1855.
+ Pharm. Jour. March 1860, vol. 46.
Amer. Jour. of Phar., vol. I, page 32.
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
915
properties were mentioned by Schoeff, Colden and other early writers
on Materia Medica. It is illustrated in the Botanical Magazine, p.
162, Bigelow's Materia Medica, p. 7, American Medical Botany, vol.
I, p. 175; Barton's Vegetable Materia Medica, vol. 11; Carson, Ill,
IX, Willd., Sp. Plant., vol. II, p. 1140.—(Hunt.)
Dr. Tully once wrote a monograph on Sanguinaria, which was a
prize essay given to the Massachusetts State Medical Society about
the year 1813. This is probably the most extensive paper on this
plant, which has been written, and was noted for its research and ex-
periments. It is now out of print, and cannot be obtained. Tully
considered it analogous to "Squills, Seneka, Digitalis, Guaiacum and
Ammoniacum." This plant has been largely used by allopaths, but
more extensively by eclectics, and homoeopathicians have used it for
about 20 years.
A pathogenesis of Sanguinaria appeared in the Transactions of
American Institute of Homœopathy, vol. I. This was a resumé of
several provings. The original provings should have been saved. I
have not been able to obtain them. A resumé should never be pub-
lished, except in connection with the provings of which it is
composed.
PATHOGENETIC AND TOXICAL EFFECTS.
Effects of the Crude Drug.-Experiments by Drs. Gibb and Fen-
wick, of Montreal, show that in a concentrated form, Sanguinaria is
extremely irritating to man and animals, affecting principally the
mucous membrane of the stomach and bowels.
In doses of from eight to twenty grains of the powdered root, it
acts as a poison, producing: Nausea; heat or burning sensation in
the stomach; tormenting thirst; faintness; vertigo; indistinct
vision; finally, violent spasmodic efforts of the stomach, free vomit
ing, followed by alarming prostration. When the dose is very large,
the vomiting may not take place.
Prof. Samuel L. Mitchell, of New York, published the following
experiment, reported in the Journal of Commerce:
"Four men who had been employed to clean out and whitewash
the apothecary shop of Bellevue Hospital, found a demijohn contain-
ing what they thought to be brandy or some other spirit, and they
each took a good drink of it. They were all soon seized with severe
racking and burning pains in the stomach and bowels, with intense
thirst. They all died."
In moderate doses, Sanguinaria is regarded as an emetic, nause-
ant, expectorant, and diaphoretic.
In certain other doses it is, in some degree, narcotic, sedative,
stimulant, alterant, emmenagogue, escharotic and errbine. In small
doses, its effects on the pulse resemble those of Digitalis. It is
remarkable, however, that it seldom influences the pulse either in
frequency or tension, until it has been used for five or six days; and
in a majority of cases the effect is not seen for eight or ten days.
Zollikoffer says it is "sudorific, emetic and purgative." Smith,
1
916-
NEW REMEDIES.
Thatcher and Allen compare it to Digitalis. Tully says it unites
the properties of Scilla, Ammonia, Senega, Digitalis and Guaiacum,
without their violent operations. Rafinesque says it is "acrid, nar-
cotic, emetic, deobstruent, sudorific, expectorant, vermifuge, eschar-
otic, stimulant and tonic.*
The diseases in which Sanguinaria has been hitherto thought most
useful are those of the throat, chest, stomach and liver. It has been
most frequently employed in incipient phthisis, bronchitis, catarrh,
influenza, pneumonia, asthma, croup, diphtheria, cynanche maligna or
putrid sore throat, in which it produces the best effects when applied
locally. It has also been useful in scarlatina, pertussis, dyspnoea,
dyspepsia, hydrothorax and jaundice. In the latter disease, it was
approved by Colden, and it formed the basis of Rawson's specific for
that disease.
Dr. McBride, of South Carolina, says that he used it with great
advantage for "torpor of the liver, attended with colic and yellowness
of the skin," a disease very prevalent in that climate.
Dr. Ives, of New Haven, also used it for diseases of the liver,
and in the first stage of croup. Western practitioners have carried
it much farther. Some "specifics" are composed of it. It has also
been successfully used in dysentery, amenorrhoea, inflammatory rheu-
matism and rheumatic gout.-(Rafinesque.)
"Blood-root is an acrid emetic, with narcotic and stimulant proper-
ties, it is also expectorant, sudorific, alterative, emmenagogue, tonic,
antiseptic, detergent and escharotic, according to the mode in which.
it is employed. It is a very active agent, and is capable of exercising
a powerful influence on the system. When given in small doses it
stimulates the digestive organs, accelerates the circulation; in large
doses, it occasions nausea and consequent depression of the pulse ;
in a full dose, it produces active vomiting; in over doses it causes
violent emesis, a burning sensation in the stomach, tormenting thirst,
faintness, vertigo, dimness of vision, alarming prostration, and even
death."-King's Dispensatory.
The
"Sanguinaria is emetic, expectorant, diaphoretic, acro-narcotic,
sedative, alterative, and in small doses, tonic and stimulant; in full
doses, it induces nausea and vomiting, with a sensation of warmth in
the stomach, acceleration of pulse, and slight headache.
It acts on
the fauces, producing an acrid impression, and in some cases it proves
cathartic. The leaves and seeds possess similar properties.
seeds, however, are said to exert a marked influence upon the brain
and nervous system, occasioning torpor, languor, disordered vision
and dilated pupils; in large doses the emesis is violent, there is a
burning sensation in the stomach, faintness, vertigo, dimness of vision
and alarming prostration.†
Effects of Sanguinarina.-The late Professor R. P. Thomas, of
Philadelphia, experimented with this substance, and obtained the
following results:
* Medical Flora, 278.
† Jones & Scudder's Materia Medica.
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
917
In doses of from one-twelfth to one-eighth of a grain, it acted
merely as an expectorant, without disturbing the stomach.
In doses of one-sixth to one-fourth of a grain, every two hours, it
produced nausea, and sometimes'caused vomiting.
In doses of one half grain in solution, every ten minutes, it almost
uniformly caused vomiting after the second or third dose.
In doses of one-eighth to one-sixth of a grain every three hours,
continued for two days or more, it generally reduced the pulse from
five to fifteen beats per minute.*
It is thus seen that the general pathogenetic effects of the chief
alkaloid contained in the root were, essentially, perhaps, the same as
those long known to belong to the entire substance; but our profes-
sional, as well as our positive knowledge, is almost entirely derived
from experiments with the powdered root, the tincture, or other prep.
arations from it. Like most of our best remedies, it is indeed, a very
multifarious combination.
RESUME.
SPECIAL EFFECTS -Nervous System.-The toxical and pathogen-
etic effects of Sanguinaria indicate that it has a profound effect upon
the nerves of sensation and motion, but the exact nature of this
action has not been sufficiently investigated. Among the symptoms
we find "a quickly diffused and transient, but at the same time a
very peculiar nervous thrill, which is often extended to the minu-
test extremity." In large doses it causes "torpor, languor and dila-
tation of the pupils."
Mucous Membranes.-There are a few drugs, like Pulsatilla,
which seem to affect the mucous tissues of the whole system; others,
like Squills, have a specific affinity for the pulmonary mucous mem-
brane; Sanguinaria is an analogue of the latter to a certain degree,
although it more nearly approaches the action of Tartar emetic. It
was known as an expectorant, long before the allopathic profession
brought it into use, and now both that and the eclectic school value it
highly for that purpose. (See respiratory organs.) Blood-root does
not seem to notably increase the secretions from the intestinal
mucous tissues.
Serous Membranes.-Said to be useful in pleuritis, synovitis.
Muscular and Fibrous Tissues.-Sanguinaria seems to cause
pains of a rheumatic or myalgic character. It is difficult to decide
which of the two affections were cured by this medicine in the re-
ported curative symptoms. I am inclined to the opinion, however,
that Sanguinaria, although it may cure some neuralgia, will not, like
* Proceedings of the American Med. Association, 1863, p. 219.
918
NEW REMEDIES.
Colchicum and Cimicifuga, act specifically in rheumatic affections.
(For cases cured see "Extremities.")
Vascular System.-Heart.-Pressing pain in the region of the
heart; palpitation of the heart, with great weakness, (large doses ;)
extreme reduction in the force and frequency of the pulse,
together with great irregularity of action, and palpitation of the
heart.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have no clinical record of any
disorders of the heart treated with this medicine. The symptoms
would seem to indicate that it was more adapted to venous hæmor-
rhages and congestions than arterial, (secondarily.)
Fever, Pulse. In the evening in bed, chill and shivering in the
back; shaking chill with pain under the shoulder blade on motion;
chill with headache; chill and nausea; heat flying from head to
stomach; burning heat, rapidly alternating with chill and shivering;
fever and delirium (from the seeds ;) pulsations through the whole
body; a gradual increase in the force and frequency of the pulse,
(from small doses ;) during the vomiting the pulse is frequent;
slow pulse with the extreme nausea; strength and frequency of
the pulse extremely reduced, with irregularity, and with insensi-
bility, coldness, etc.; (from very large doses) suppressed pulse with
fainting.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Sanguinaria has not been used in
fevers, generally, but it has been administered successfully in hectic
fever. In the pathogenesis of no other medicine, except perhaps,
Phosphorus and Lycopodium, do we find the hectic paroxysm as per-
fectly delineated; generally the hectic is associated with cough and
other symptoms of lung affection, but there are exceptions.
Dr. Bute, cured :-(1.) In a lady, coldness of the feet in the after-
noons, at the same the tongue was painful and sore upon being
touched, like a boil, and there was stiffness of the knee and finger
joints."
(2.) "Burning of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet,
compelling him to throw the bedclothes off the feet for the purpose
of cooling them. These paroxysms generally come on in the г. M.
or evening."
(3) Paroxysm of fever in P. M., with circumscribed redness of the
cheeks cough and expectoration.
Hemorrhages.-Dr. Morrow relied on Sanguinaria as a remedy
for hemorrhages in general, because of "its power of quieting
excessive, or depressing the natural circulation." he advises it
particularly in homoptysis; it has also been used in memorrhagia,
epistaxis, etc.
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
919
General Symptoms.-Great weakness; great prostration of mus-
cular strength, (by large doses,) extreme weakness and debility in the
limbs, whilst walking in the open air, during the evening of the
first day; debility with vertigo and pain in the hypochondria;
great weakness, with vomiting, great weakness with sup-
pression of the pulse-with irregular pulse; weakness and
palpitation of the heart; a quickly diffused and transient, but at
the same time a very peculiar nervous thrill, which is often extended
to the minutest extremity; a slowly shooting pain, with long contin-
ued thrill, ending in a grumbling aching in a carious molar tooth, of
the upper jaw; fainting weakness; general sensitivenes, and weak-
ness; torpor and languor from the seeds. *Paralysis of the right
side, of fourteen years duration, cured by the tincture, in the dose of
a small tea-spoonful every three or four days; (verbally from Dr. B.
Becker.) convulsive rigidity of the limb.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We can sometimes comprehend the
sphere of action of a drug, by comparing the ensemble of its symp-
toms with that of other drugs; a careful analysis of the symptoms
and toxical effects of Sanguinaria show its marked resemblance to
those of our most important medicines, namely: Arsenicum, Phos-
phorus and Tartar emetic; more remotely it resembles Belladonna,
Lachnanthes, Veratrum viride and Iris versicolor; Lycopodium, Sul-
phur, Kali carbonicum and Rumex crispus, have some symptoms in
common with Sanguinaria.
Sleep.-Sleeplessness at night; he awakes at night with affright,
as if he would fall; dreams two nights in succession of sailing on the
sea; dream of a frightful and disagreeable character; he awakens
earlier than common,
Skin.-Heat and dryness; increased itching of an old tubercle-
like eruption on the skin; itching and a nettle rash before the
nausea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. The blood-root has been used success-
fully for scaly eruption; old indolent ulcers; ill-conditional ulcers,
with callous borders and ichorous discharge; the powdered root is
escharotic, and when applied to fungous growths causes their rapid
disappearance. I consider it the best application we have for this
purpose; it has also cured warts, and polypi, when given internally
and applied topically. Dr. Sholl uses it externally and internally
for carbuncle with alleged success.
Mind and Disposition.—Mind confused, relieved by eructations;
anxiety and feeling of dread; disgusting ideas and many unpleasant
feelings asssociated with nausea; moroseness with nausea, cannot
hear a person walking in the room; anxiety, followed by delirium;
920
NEW REMEDIES.
(caused by the seeds;) delirium with hot skin; fever; torpor of
mind; stupor; heaviness; sleepiness, (seed more narcotic than the
root; their action approaches that of Stramonium;) extreme morose-
ness; anxiety before the vomiting; hopefullness; sanguine of recov-
ery from illness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The last two symptoms were observed
by me several times, from the blood-root. Every physician is aware
of the peculiarly hopeful condition of the mind in phthisis. Sangui-
naria is quite homoeopathic to that mental state.
Sensorium.-Vertigo, with singing in the ears'; flatulent eructa-
tion, and then tickling in the throat, which excites cough (imme-
diately after taking it;) frequent vertigo, and diminished vision before.
vomiting, after large doses; vertigo with nausea, long continuing,
with debility, and with headache; *vertigo on quickly turning the
head, and looking upward.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has cured, "vertigo on quickly
turning the head and looking upward.
Head.-Confused and dull feeling in the head, which became
better after eructation; determination of the blood to the head, with
whizzing in the ears, and a transitory feeling of heat; then a sensation
as if vomiting was about to take place, but instead of this there suc-
ceed slight cutting drawings in the abdomen, and then a stool; heavi-
ness in the head; pressing drawing in the forehead; pain of a short
duration in the right side of the forchead, like a pressing, only while
standing still, better while walking; at the same time a pain deep in
the car; headache as if the forehead would split, with chill and with
burning in the stomach; a pain occurs suddenly in the interior angle
of the right eye, and thence to the forehead; about five o'clock in the
evening a severe quick-darting pain in the forehead and temple on
the right side, which continued for about five minutes; this pain re-
appeared in the evening about seven o'clock; about eleven o'clock at
night a sudden pain through the forehead, like an electric stroke, of
short duration; a slowly-shooting pain in the forehead; periodic
stitches in the left temple; pain in all the upper part of the head; in
the abdomen, pain like fullness; pain in the fore part of the head
pressing in the upper part of the head, in the region of the anterior
fontanelle, disappears while walking; boring pain above, in the fore
part of the head; severe pain above, on all the left side of the head,
especially in the eye; at the same time similar pains in the left foot;
nausea, disposition to vomit without being able to do so; then head-
ache with rheumatic pains and stiffness in the limbs and neck; beat-
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
921
ing headache and bitter vomiting; headache in the evening, with
tickling in the throat; headache, with chill; headache, with nausea
and chill, then flying heat from the head to the stomach; headache,
with vertigo and pain in the car; the headache occurs paroxysmally;
feeling as if the head is drawn forward; soreness of the scalp, on
being touched; feeling of looseness of the scalp on the right side ;
sensation of looseness, and drawing in one side of the scalp, on raising
the eyes.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Bute found blood-root curative in
headaches with "distention of the temporal veins which were pain-
fully sensitive to the touch, also with "feeling of soreness on small
spots on the head, especially in the temples. Other physicians have
cured cephalalgias with "pains in the head, in rays drawing upward
from the neck. Dr. Hering considers it homoeopathic to the so-
called North American sick headache. He has cured with the high
dilutions the following symptoms: "Severe pains in the head, with
nausea, and vomiting, frequently with bilious vomiting, in attacks,
with hebdomadal or longer intervals from very different inducements
commonly beginning in the morning, increasing in violence during
the day, only diminished by lying quiet, and when possible, by sleep.*
Dr. Hering also gives the following indications for Sanguinaria: "It
is the best remedy in most cases of migrane or sick headache. Still, it
must prove most useful when the attacks occur paroxysmally, viz: every
week, or at longer intervals; or when the pains begin in the morning,
increase during the day, and last till evening; when the head seems
to feel that it must burst, or as if the eyes would be pressed out, or
when the pains are digging, attended with sudden piercing, throbbing
lancinations through the brain, involving the forehead and top of the
head in particular, and being most severe on right side, followed by
chills, nausea, vomiting of food, or bile, forcing the patient to lie down
and preserve the greatest quiet, as every motion aggravates the suffer-
ings, which are only relieved by sleep.
;
Case 1.—A man was attacked with frightfully severe headache
the only relief he could obtain was from pressing the back of his head
against the head-board of the bed. An infusion of Rad. Sanguinaria
removed the headache permanently.-(Hering.)
Case 2.-A lady suffered with frequent and severe attacks of head-
ache, with such sensitiveness during the paroxysm, that no one dared
to walk across the room. Sanguinaria 6th, was given, but the first
dose produced such an aggravation that the patient became almost
beside herself; after the second dose, she fell into a pleasant sleep,
from which she awoke refreshed. Dr. Helfrig always gave Aconite
and Belladonna during the paroxysm of sick headache, and used San-
guinaria, 30th, during the interval, unless some other remedy was
more indicated. (Ibid.)
*Trans. Amer. Inst. of Hom. vol. I.
↑ New Archives, volume 2, part 2, page 132.
59
922
NEW REMEDIES.
Many of the symptoms of Sanguinaria, are similar to those pains
which Inman describes as belonging to myalgic headaches; particu-
larly the superficial sensitiveness, and drawing pains. Congestions
of the head are controlled by this medicine, when the temporal veins
are distended. It is probable that it is also homoeopathic to some of
the varieties of Apoplexy. Its known curative influence over hæmor-
rhage from congestions, would suggest its use in sanguincous
apoplexy. The symptoms would seem to imply that venous conges-
tions (if the term may be allowed) are most under the control of San-
guinaria.
Dr. C. Neidhard says: "One of the most important indications
for the employment of Sanguinaria canadensis is this symptom: Pain
like a flash of lightning on the back of the head."
Dr. E. W. Beebe reports the following remarkable cases of “sick
headache," cured with this medicine:
"Mrs. P, aged 55, blue eyes, dark brown hair, of nervo-sanguine
temperament, full habit and somewhat corpulent. The history of the
case is as follows: Has been subject for a period of fifteen years to
attacks of "sick headache," which commenced in the morning on
waking, and increases during the day, and are only relieved by sleep
at night; the pain is confined chiefly to the temples and vertex, and
so violent as to cause the patient to cry aloud. Nausea generally
commences in the morning, followed by vomiting, first of the contents
of the stomach, and afterwards of a substance that seems to be pure
bile, with occasionally a considerable quantity of an acid mucus, with
great distress in the stomach, of a burning character; with great
weakness or "goneness," as the patient described it, not amounting
to a real pain, but which was even worse to bear than the headache;
not the least quantity of food or drink could be taken without its
being immediately vomited. The attacks came on irregularly, some-
times once in a week, or ten days, then again perhaps not for three or
four weeks. The health of the patient is good otherwise, with the
exception of slight constipation at times. She has been treated by a
number of physicians of the eclectic, homoeopathic and old schools
of medicine, and has, as she informs me, received no benefit. I
diagnosed the case as one of dyspepsia, from the use of highly
seasoned and rich food. I found also that the patient was in the
daily habit of using strong coffee, which I prohibited, regulating the
diet, etc. I then prescribed Nux and Bryonia, night and morning,
expecting these medicines to relieve, but to my great surprise the
patient did not improve under the remedies, and after continuing them
until I became satisfied that I had not made a right selection, I changed
them for others, such as Ars., Puls., Chin., etc., which, together with
the others generally used in such cases, were continued for some four
or five months, at the end of which time I had found I had not lessened
the frequency of the attacks in the least, nor had been able to relieve
for the time being the vomiting, though I had administered Ipecac.,
Tartar emetic. etc., etc., till I had become about discouraged. The only
good I could perceve I had done was to relieve the sour-risings from the
stomach which I did with Sulphuric acid. About this time I procured a
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
923
copy of Hale's "New Provings," and upon reading the symptoms of San-
guinaria canadensis, I said to myself here is an exact counterpart of that
troublesome "headache case." Upon meeting my patient a few days
afterward, I said to her 'if there was any truth in the homoeopathic law,
I now have a remedy that will cure your headache,' and accordingly
prescribed four pellets to be taken night and morning, medicated with
the mother tincture. She had no more attacks for upwards of two
months, and then had but a very slight one. I accordingly prescribed
the same remedy again, and have had no further trouble with the case.
I have since used this remedy in similar cases, and with the same
success."
Face. Feeling of fullness in the face; distention of the veins of
the face, with excessive redness, and a feeling of stiffness; severe
burning, heat and redness of the face; paleness of the face, with dis-
position to vomit; twitching of the cheeks, towards the eyes.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has cured the following symptoms
when occurring during other affections: "A red cheek, with burning
of the ears;" 'redness of the cheeks, with cough, cheeks and
hands livid in typhoid pneumonia." These symptoms are also found
in the provings of Phosphorus, Lycopodium, Sulphur, and Lachnanthes.
Nose.-Heat in the nose; smell in the nose like roasted onions;
dislike to smell of syrup; much sneezing; fluid coryza, with frequent
sneezing; severe fluid coryza in the right nostril; watery, acrid coryza,
which renders the nose sore; copious watering of the right eye; the
eye painful, especially on being touched; and soon afterwards there
occurred a copious watery discharge from the right nostril; in the
evening two diarrhoeic stools, and then all the symptoms disappeared;
fluid coryza, alternating with stoppage of the nose.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-No drug so surely produces intense
irritation of the nasal mucous membrane, when inhaled, as the San-
guinaria. Even its internal administration causes coryza.
It is not
strange, therefore, that homoeopathists have found it curative for
acute and chronic coryzas, also for "loss of smell." It has cured
Influenza, with rawness in the throat, pain in the breast, cough, and
finally, diarrhoea." This last is a characteristic peculiarity of the
drug, and as many catarrhal affections tend to end in intestinal irri-
tation, or diarrhoea, the Sanguinaria should be remembered in each
instance. Dr. Barton (allopathic) says he has "heard of the applica-
tion of the powdered root to a fungous tumor within the nostril, with
the effect of producing detumescence, and bringing away frequently,
small pieces of the fungus, which, in the first instance, impeded the
progress of the air through the nostril, and was supposed to be a
polypus." Dr. Smith (botanic) says: "Applied to fungous flesh it
proves escharotic, and several polypi of the soft kind were cured by
it." Dr. Becker, (homoeopathist) states that a polypus of the nose
ceased to grow. from the time the powder of the root was snuffed.
t
924
NEW REMEDIES.
Several physicians of my acquaintance claim to have cured nasal
polypi by the internal administration of the tincture of blood-root. It
was used in the lower dilutions, in some cases. The finely powdered
root forms one of the ingredients of many of the "catarrh snuffs" sold
in the shops. It is often used as a domestic remedy for chronic
catarrhal affections of the nose. Dr. D. C. Powers, of Coldwater, Mich.,
was very successful in the treatment of obstinate nasal catarrhs, and
ozana. He prescribed the 2d trit., of blood root, as a "snuff," to be
forcibly inspired up the nose, and gave at the same time Sanguinaria
3d, or Nitric acid, internally. It has cured in my hands, many cases
of ulcerative ozæna, also epistaxis.
Eyes. Pain in the right eye; pressing pain in the left eye;
stitch in the upper eyelid; watering and burning of the right eye,
which is painful on being touched-then coryza; feeling as if the
eyes were affected by sour smoke, afternoons about two o'clock; in
the afternoons dimness of the eyes, and a feeling as if hairs were in
them; very great glimmering before the eyes; diminished power of
vision; dilation of the pupils (by the seeds).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-It is homoeopathic to catarrhal ophthal-
mia, granular lids, and even ulcers on the cornea. I once cured a
case of the latter, very happily, by the use of Sanguinaria 3d., inter-
nally and topically. The case had proved obstinate under ordinary
treatment, and I bethought me of the beneficial effect of blood-root in
indolent ulcers. A wash of about the strength of the third dilution
was prepared in distilled water, and used as a collyrium. Under its
use the ulcers healed in a week, leaving but a slight opacity.
Ears.-Beating under the ears at irregular intervals, frequently
only a couple of strokes; *burning of the ears, with redness of the
cheeks; pains in the ears, with headache; singing in the ears, with
vertigo; humming in the ears, with determination of blood; slow
stitches in the left ear during the pain in the forehead; beating-
humming in the left ear; painful sensitiveness to sudden sounds; a
crackling in the right ear when he draws his fingers lightly over his
right check; on the left side this is not the case.
Jaws.-Stiffness of the jaws; pain in the upper teeth; pain in a
hollow tooth, especially when touched by the food; toothache from
picking the teeth; pain in one or more of the incisor teeth, and in a
carious molar tooth; shooting and thrilling pain in a carious molar
tooth of the upper jaw, which passes away gradually in that form of
pain which is often termed a "grumbling toothache;" on awaking,
toothache in an upper carious tooth on the right side, at the same
time headache on the same side; the toothache is made worse by cold
water, and better by drinking warm drink; pain in a carious molar
after cold drinking, two mornings in succession; looseness of the
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
925
teeth; salivation and looseness of the teeth; he supposes himself
able to take them all out; spitting, with nausea; feeling of dryness
of the lips.
፡
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. -Blood-root is useful in expulsive gin-
givitis, in cases where the gums become very spongy, bleeding, and
fungoid.
Throat.-Feeling of dryness in the throat, not diminished by
drinking; heat in the throat, alleviated by the inspiration of cool air;
a long continued impression in the fauces; a transitory, but marked
sensation in the fauces, as if he had swallowed something acrimon-
ious; burning in the fauces after eating sweet things; burning in the
œsophagus; a feeling in the throat as if it were swollen up and would
suffocate him, with pain in the throat when swallowing, and with
aphonia; in the evening, a pain with a feeling of swelling in the
throat; worse on the right side, and most perceptible on swallowing;
feeling of swelling in the throat when swallowing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. —Angina in several cases, particularly
a species of pharyngitis. Ulcerated sore throat. I was once informed,
by intelligent persons, that they had been permanently cured of
recurring quinsy, with ulceration, by using a gargle of blood root.
Upon testing it in practice, I found it quite equal to Hepar sulphur in
its power of preventing attacks of tonsillitis; also in actual ulcera-
tions of the throat. The lower dilutions were used.
Dr. Thomas Nichol reports the following concerning the use of
Sanguinaria canadensis in pseudo-membranous croup:
"Being busy at the time, I neglected contributing to the first
edition of Dr. Hale's admirable work, though I had a few items which
might have proved of interest. When I received the book, I turned
at once to the article on Sanguinaria canadensis, expecting to find a
dissertation on the use of this remedy in pseudo-membranous croup,
and was disappointed on finding that it said nothing as to its use in
this disease. In the region in which I then resided we had many
cases of pseudo-membranous croup,-not the mere spasmodic variety,
but the kind characterized by the deposition of a fibrinous membrane
in the larynx and trachea,—and the mortality had been very great.
Under allopathic treatment-the usual routine of purgatives, emetics,
blisters, bleeding and calomel --almost every case died; and even
under homoeopathic treatment, aided by the appliances of the so-called
hydropathy, the mortality was perhaps 25 to 30 per cent I had tried,
in succession, everything suggested in our works on therapeutics,
from the orthodox Aconite, Spongia, and Hepar s,, of Hahnemann to
the apparently heterodox application of Nitrate of silver to the larynx,
recommended by Dr. Marcy in the first edition of his work on prac-
tice, and the result was as I have stated.
"Despairing of help from our treatises on therapeutics, which,
after all, merely present to us the views and experience of one mau,
926
NEW REMEDIES.
and calling to remembrance the grand lessons taught me by Dr. Con-
stantine Hering, I applied myself specially to the study of the hom-
œopathic materia medica, and guided by the star of similia, I decided
that Sanguinaria canadensis possessed, both in its symptoms and in
what Prof. Walter Williamson calls the run of the remedy,' all the
properties which would make it a true remedial agent in this disease.
The symptoms which guided me were: * Chronic dryness in the
throat and sensation of swelling in the larynx, and expectoration of
thick mucus. Aphonia, with swelling in the throat. *Continual
severe cough, without expectoration, with pain in the head, and cir-
cumscribed redness of the cheeks. Tormenting cough, with exhaus-
tion; and circumscribed redness of the cheeks. *Croup.'* Shortly
after, I was called to a case of true croup, and having no preparation of
the Sanguinaria in my office, I gave minute doses of the pure Sangui-
nurin in a little water, giving an occasional dose of Aconite, and the
result was most gratifying, and I was equally successful in a number of
cases, to the diagnosis of which I paid great attention.
"I am in the habit of regarding the literature of the eclectic school
of medicine as being a vast mine of gems and precious metals, which
can be best explored by the conscientious physician, lighted by the
torch of the similia, and in the course of my studies I perused Prof.
Paine's Epitome of Eclectic Practice,' and his testimony is as fol-
lows:- The Sanguinarin is one of the most valuable remedies known
in the treatment of pseudo-membranous croup. It has proved as
much of a specific for that disease as Quinine has for ague. I have
seen it used in a great number of cases, and have never known a
single failure. It should be made into an acetic syrup, by adding
twenty grains of Sanguinarin to four ounces of vinegar; steep, and
add one ounce of sugar to form a syrup. Dose, one teaspoonful as
often as indicated." I have frequently given the remedy in the form
of an acetous syrup, as Prof. Paine directs, though I found the dose
he mentions to be far to large, and I found that one grain, or even
less, in two ounces of vinegar to be a better preparation. I have
seen better results from the acetous preparation than from the
watery, and I refer those who may object to using vinegar, in prepar-
ing the Sanguinaria, to the fact that Hahnemann gave his infinitesi-
mal doses of Opium to scarlatina patients in beer. (Essay on the
Cure and Prevention of Scarlet Fever, in "Lesser Writings," page
375). I regret that I kept no note of the greater number of my
cases, but I give the record of one of the cases I attended lately.
On Feb. 17th, 1866, I was called to see W. G——, aged 5 years.
He had been from home visiting some friends, fourteen miles distant,
when he was taken sick. An allopathic physician who had been
called in, pronounced it a case of pseudo-membraneous croup, advis-
ing a local application of Nitrate of Silver to the larynx, but the
mother preferred to hurry home and trust him to Homœopathy.
I
found him with a hoarse muffled cough, complete aphonia, and the
pulse was 132. On examining the fauces I found the soft palate and
* Jahr's Symptomen Codex, vol. II, p. 732.
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
927
fauces covered with a continuous coating of pearly fibrinous exuda-
tion, and on auscultating the larynx, the characteristic hissing sound
was heard. The difficulty of breathing was very great; the child
stretched back his head and grasped his throat in his agony, while
the dark and swollen features added to the gloom of the prognosis.
I commenced with the Sanguinaria, as directed above, and in 15 hours
the symptoms had undergone a notable modification, and in 48 hours
the patient was out of danger. No other remedy was used, except an
occasional dose of triturated Aconite, as became a rigid Hempelite.
""
I have also found Sanguinaria a leading remedy in tracheitis,
and in the July number of the "American Homoeopathic Observer,'
I recorded seven cases of diphtheritic croup successfully treated by
this remedy."
Mouth.-A prickling sensation on the tongue and roof of the
mouth, as after chewing Mezereum, but slighter; crawling on the
point of the tongue, after which an acerb feeling extends itself over
the whole tongue, in the morning on awaking; prickling on the
point of the tongue; tongue feels as if burned; a feeling of dryness
and rawness, as after acrid things; begins on the right side of the
tongue, and spreads over the whole tongue, mornings on awaking;
*tongue sore; pains like a boil; stitches on the left side of the
tongue; white-coated tongue, with loss of appetite; loss of appetite,
with uncertain cravings, *increase of appetite; loss of smell and
taste; a piece of sugar-cake tastes bitter, followed by burning in the
fauces; fatty taste in the mouth; slimy taste in the mouth; disincli-
nation for butter, which leaves a disagreeable after-taste; dislike to
the odor of syrup; craving for he knows not what, with loss of appe-
tite; craving for piquant food.
Stomach.-Pressing in the stomach; soreness in the epigastrium,
aggravated by eating; feeling of warmth and heat in the stomach;
burning in the stomach from large doses; burning in the stomach,
with headache; jerking in the stomach, as if from something alive;
great weakness of digestion; loss of appetite; *strengthens the
stomach; excites the appetite, and aids digestion; soon after eating,
a feeling of emptiness in the stomach; *inflammation of the stomach.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-By reference to the "gastric symp-
toms, as well as the above, it will be seen how closely the symptoms
similate those of Arsenicum, Phosphorus, and Tartar emetic. It will
cure, according to Dr. Tully, "atonic, sub-acute, and chronic inflam-
mations of the stomach." No remedy, however, is more decidedly
homoeopathic to acute gastritis. We have the terrible burning, the
unquenchable thirst, the pain, vomiting and prostration, which mark
that disease. In acute gastritis, the sixth or thirtieth should be used.
In chronic gastritis, the lower dilutions may be as useful. It ought
to be useful in ulceration of the stomach.
928
NEW REMEDIES.
Gastric Symptoms.-Severe nausea from large doses; nausea,
as if vomiting would succeed; nausea after eating; nausea, which is
not diminished by vomiting; loss of appetite and periodic nausea;
nausea by stooping; nausea, with much spitting; extreme nausea, with
great salivation; nausea, with flow of saliva, and constant spitting;
long continued nausea, with chill; nausea, without vomiting, then
headache; nausea, with headache, with chill and heat; nausea
before the nettle rash; heatburn and nausea; regurgitation and dis-
position to vomit; flatulent eructation; spasmodic eructation of
flatus; hiccough while smoking tobacco; frequent flatulent eructa-
tions of unpleasant odor, with disposition to vomit, and paleness of
face; after the eructation of flatus, the dullness of the head becomes
better. Vomiting, with severe, painful burning in the stomach, and
intense thirst; many unpleasant feelings previous to vomiting;
before vomiting, great anxiety; before vomiting, pressure to stool;
vomiting of bitter water; bitter vomiting with headache; vomiting,
with craving to eat, in order to quiet the nausea; vomiting and diar-
rhœa; causes vomiting, without nausea or perceptible weakness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--Blood-root is fully indicated for nau-
sea, or vomiting from irritation of the coats of the stomach. Allo-
paths have cured vomiting of food, or bilious vomiting, with small
doses of the tincture. It is doubtless homoeopathic to many func-
tional and organic diseases of the stomach, and I would suggest its
use in gastric disorders not amenable to the ordinary remedies.
F. W. Hunt, in an article on "Dyspepsia, or Diseases of the
Stomach,"* thus speaks of the virtues of Sanguinaria canadensis :
Dr.
"This is one of the most important remedies for various diseases
of the stomach, throat, liver, lungs, etc. In almost every form of
indigestion, for many years, it has given me satisfactory results. It
is especially useful in deficient gastric secretion, with loss of appetite
and periodic nausea; heartburn, nausea and irregular chills; torpid
state of the liver; dyspeptic headache, terminating by regurgitation
and vomiting of bitter greenish fluids; soreness in the abdomen, in-
creased by eating; feeling of heat in the stomach; chronic gastritis ;
red tongue, which burns as if from contact with something hot; lips
red and dry; throat hot and dry; tickling at the entrance of the
larynx, which excites cough; cough peculiarly severe, not relieved
by expectoration, with pain in the chest and redness of the cheeks.
When digestion is imperfect from deficiency of the true gastric fluid;
when the food undergoes chemical decomposition, and gas is evolved
in large quantities, Sanguinaria will generally change the action of the
stomach, and digestion becomes more complete. When the mucous
membrane is congested, the flatus formed by, fermentation is re-
tained by a spasmodic constriction of the cardia. Its irritation is
reflected, through the pneumogastric nerve, upon the lungs, exciting
* United States Journal of Hom., vol. I, p. 190.
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
929
a feeling of "
tickling," in the entrance of the trachea, with sympa-
thetic cough. This peculiar, dry cough does not yield to expector-
ants, but often persists for hours, and is only relieved by eructations.
Aromatics and stimulants' fail to expel the gas: they only increase
the erethism of the coats of the stomach. The Sanguinaria affords a
better resource. It not only relaxes the constricted cardia, permit-
ting the flatus to escape, but excites a healthy, homoeopathic reaction
on the whole surface of the fauces, oesophagus and stomach, super-
seding the morbid state by a healthy one. Dr. Coe and others, (allo-
pathists,) caution against the use of blood-root when there exists
gastritis and enteritis, and whenever we have occasion to sus-
pect ulceration or abrasion of the mucous surfaces of the bowels."
This caution suggests to the homoeopathist that the medicine will cure
such conditions, if administered in dynamic doses.
Dr. Fairbanks, of Hudson, Mich., reports the case of a patient, a
woman, aged 56, who had been subject to pyrosis, a rising of burning
corrosive fluid from the stomach, with flatulence, for 20 years. She
now gets prompt relief from the first attenuation of Sanguinaria, in
pellets. It is the only remedy that will arrest a paroxysm.
Abdomen.-Severe and continual pain in the hypochondria; ver-
tigo and debility; *pain in the left hypochondrium, worse by cough-
ing, better by pressure and lying on the left side; diseases of the
liver; torpor and atony of the liver; inflammation of the abdominal
viscera; hot streamings from the breast towards the liver; beating in
the abdomen; cramps in the abdomen, which passes from one place
to another; sensation as if hot water poured itself from the breast
into the abdomen, followed by diarrhoea; discharges of flatus upwards
and downwards by raising himself up on account of the cough, which
then ceases; bellyache; paroxysmal pain in the abdomen; slight
cutting drawings in the abdomen; colic, with torpor of the liver; in
the night digging pain in the sacrum; an hour after taking it severe
pain in the bowels, followed by single watery stool; in the morning,
colic-like pain in the upper part of the abdomen, and then a diarrhoeic
stool.
Clinical ObservVATIONS.-Eclectic physicians claim that Sangui-
naria has a specific action on the liver. The hepatic symptoms of
this proving were collected from allopathic sources.-(Barton, Mc-
Bride and Tully.) It is doubtful if they should have a place in the
proving at all, as by reference to the original,* it will be seen that
they were mere assertions of the above named physicians, and not
pathogenetic symptoms. It may not be amiss, however, to quote the
statements of eclectics on this point. King says it has been used
successfully in "jaundice, and other hepatic affections. In torpid
conditions of the liver it is very valuable." Jones asserts that it
"arouses the liver and glandular system in general." Coe admires it
* Trans. Amer. Inst. of Hom.
60
930
NEW REMEDIES.
in "all cases of hepatic torpor, jaundice, biliary concretions, chronic
hepatitis, etc." The first curative symptom above noted would seem
to point to the spleen as the diseased organ, although it may have
been the lung, or even a myalgic affection, accompanied with cough.
It is said to have cured" indurations of the abdomen," but no de-
tails are given, nor the name of the observer, and consequently we are
at a loss to know the character.
Stool.-Pressure to stool without evacuation, with the sensation
of a mass in the lower part of the rectum; this sensation recurred
frequently during the day, without stool; inoperative pressure to
stool, then vomiting; feeling of pressure to stool; in the afternoon,
frequent pressure to stool, but only discharges of flatus;
discharge of very offensive flatus; in the morning a hard
stool; diarrhoeic stools with great flatulence; purging; after
cutting pains, stool; after severe pains, stool like water; diar-
rhoea in the evening, with disappearance of the coryza and catarrh ;
diarrhoea terminated the pain in the breast; dysentery; the food
passes away undigested in the stool; five natural stools in the day;
two small but not fluid stools the first day; the first days the stools
more laxative and frequent, afterwards rather costive; hemorrhoids,
a twisting pain on the left side above the groin, equi-distant from the
symphysis pubis, and the crest of the ilium; worse whilst sitting,
standing, or bending towards the right side, increased by pressure;
better whilst walking erect; afterwards this pain passed towards the
hip, around and upwards until it reached posteriorly on the short ribs
and remained peculiarly sensible by bending to the right.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The blood-root does not generally
purge unless given in large doses, hence it will not be found often
indicated in diarrhau. There is one variety of diarrhoea, however,
in which it has been found curative, by Dr. Bute, namely :
With
the diarrhoea, termination of the coryza and catarrh," also, "The
affection of the breast always ended with the feeling as if hot water
were poured from the chest into the abdomen, which was followed
by diarrhoeic stool."
The "dysentery," marked as curative in the original proving, is
merely an observation of Rafinesque, (botanist.) Some dysenteric
symptoms, however, are found in the pathogenesis, which may be
made use of.
Dr. Bute asserts its curative power in hemorrhoids, but gives no
special indications, nor do we find any in the proving. The last
symptoms under "stool" would seem to be misplaced. It denotes.
either an affection of the left ovary, or was simply a myalgic pain.
Take it all in all, the so called proving of Sanguinaria, as made up
for the "Transactions of the American Institute," cannot be consid-
ered a commendable production. Some of the most notable of the
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
931
symptoms marked* (curative) were the mere assertions, or theoretic
deductions of allopathic observers, not verified by homocopathic phy-
sicians. I would advise the student or physician, before he attempts
to use this drug upon the information obtained in that proving, to
study the original, and judge of its merits for himself.)
Urine.-*Frequent urination, also at night; large and frequent
discharges of urine, as clear as water; frequent and copious noctur-
nal urination; seminal emission during sleep, two nights in succes-
sion, after which he feels very well; *gonorrhoea.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The first curative symptoms belonged
originally to the following group reported cured by Dr. Bute,
namely: "In a lady, pain in the left hypochondrium, which was ren-
dered worse from coughing, but was better from being pressed and
by lying on the left side; very copious urination at night."
whole group of symptoms may have been of renal origin.
The
According to Dr. Coe, Sanguinaria is very useful in many func-
tional disorders of the kidneys.
Our provings are, however, too meagre to give us any clue to its
action on those organs. I cannot ascertain who reported the curative
observation of "gonorrhea." Dr. Coe advises it for chancres, buboes,
secondary and tertiary syphilis, but says nothing of its use in gonor-
rhoea, nor does any other writer. I can readily imagine it might be
useful in phagadenic chancre, used internally and as a topical appli-
cation.
Generative Organs of Women.-Abdominal pains, as if the
menses would appear; abdominal pain the whole night, like the men-
strual; at times it increases the menstruation; the menses appear a
week too early, with a discharge of black blood; abortion on account
of too strong operation on the uterus; causes uterine hemorrhage ;
amenorrhoea; the menses appear at the proper time, but still much
more freely than at other times, with less pain and weakness in the
sacrum, but with pain in the right side of the head and forehead,
and a feeling as if the eyes would be pressed out of the head, worse
on the right side.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Rafinesque used it successfully in
amenorrhæa,
Dr. O'Connor, (allopathist,) writes:- "For the last twelve years
I have used tincture of Sanguinaria, exclusively, in cases of amenor-
rhea, and have recommended it to others, who speak favorably of its
effects. In that time I have treated as many cases of this disease, as
usually falls to the lot of a village practitioner, and as yet, have no
cause to find fault with the efficiency of the remedy.. I consider it
superior to Eberle's great remedy, the tincture of Polygonum hydro-
piper. I commence a fortnight before the expected return of the
menses, and give teaspoonful doses of the tincture, three times a day,
932
NEW REMEDIES.
and a teaspoonful on going to bed (preceded by a warm foot-bath.) If
the secretion is not restored at the time, I remit the use of the rem-
edy for a fortnight, and proceed as before. When the full effect of
the remedy is produced, it is characterized by slight nausea, pains in
the loins, extending through the hypogastric and iliac regions, as well
as down the thighs. These symptoms sometimes manifest themselves
once or twice before the discharge is completely established."*
The symptoms which I have placed in italics are worthy of being
noticed, as purely pathogenetic. I esteem the blood-root a good
remedy in suppressed menses, but chiefly indicated when the suppres-
sion has been followed or preceded by pulmonary disease. Its use in
such cases has generally been attended with good results.
Dr. Miller, (eclectic), advises it in dysmenorrhea, when occuring
in torpid subjects, but says it is "contra-indicated in patients of
plethoric habit." This would indicate to us that it would be use-
ful in dynamic doses in dysmenorrhoea, when the menses are too
frequent; also when there is a tendency to congestion of the brain or
lungs.
It is homœopathic to threatened abortion, when the symptoms.
mentioned by Dr. O'Connor are present, accompanied by some hem-
orrhage. It is used for this criminal purpose in domestic practice,
and by unprincipled physicians.
""
a
Dr. Bute reports the following case cured by the blood root,
female who had distension of the abdomen in the evening, and flatu-
lent discharges per vaginum, from the os utcri, which was constantly
open, at the same time a pain passing in rays from the nape of the
neck to the head." This was probably an instance of that rare dis-
ease in which the lining membrane of the uterus secretes a gas. Dr.
Bute also reports cases of affections of women at the climacteric period,
characterized by "burning of the palms of the hands and soles of the
feet, compelling her to throw the bed clothes off the fect for the pur-
pose
of cooling them." Used internally and topically, (by injection,)
it has cured ulcerations of the os uteri, corrosive and foetid leucor-
rhoea, and polypi of the uterus.
Catarrhal Symptoms.-Much sneezing; fluid coryza, with fre-
quent sneezing; severe fluid coryza in the right nostril; watery,
acrid coryza, which renders the nose sore; copious watering of the
right eye; the eye painful, especially on being touched, and soon
afterwards there occurred a copious watery discharge from the right
nostril; in the evening two diarrhoeic stools, and then all the symp-
toms disappeared—(five hours after taking it ;) fluid cory za alternat-
ing with stoppage of the nose; aphonia, with swelling in the throat;
tickling irritation to cough; influenza; coryza; rawness in the throat;
pain in the breast; cough, and finally diarrhoea.
Respiratory Organs.-Slight cough, especially whilst eating;
tickling in the throat in the evening, with slight cough and head-
* Cincinnati Lancet and Observer.
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
933
ache; a slight cough from tickling in throat, many evenings after
lying down; a dry cough, awakening him from sleep, which did not
cease until he sat upright in bed, and flatus was discharged both
upwards and downwards; *chronic dryness in the throat, and sensa-
tion of swelling in the larynx, and expectoration of thick mucus.—
(Dr. Neidhard.)* Continued severe cough without expectoration,
with pain in breast, and circumscribed soreness of the cheeks.—(Dr.
Burt.) *Feels stronger and freer in the breast, mornings, and in the
afternoon and evening the customary dyspnoea does not appear.—(Dr.
Husman.) A hot, burning, streaming in the right breast, begins
under the right arm and clavicle, and draws itself downwards towards
the region of the liver, (afternoon of the third day;) acute stitches in
the right breast in the region of the nipple.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Sanguinaria has always had an exten-
sive reputation in the cure of coughs. The aborigines of the East-
ern States often astonished the early settlers by the cures they
effected with this remedy. It is said that the most obstinate coughs
disappeared during the use of the blood-root. The physicians of an
carly day seemed to have used blood-root more frequently than their
successors. Rafinesque, Barton, Tully and others all assert its great
curative power in many varieties of cough. They even assert its
power to cure pulmonary consumption. Besides the above curative
symptoms, the following are reported: "Cough, with coryza; then
diarrhoea; tormenting cough with expectoration and circum-
scribed redness of the cheeks." Several instances have come under
my observation, where the blood-root really appeared to cure
incipient phthisis.
Breast.-Whooping cough; hydrothorax, (a;) asthma, (a;) pneu-
monia, (a;) typhoid pneumonia, with very difficult respiration, cheeks
and hands livid, pulse full,"soft, vibrating and easily compressed, (a;)
discases of the lungs, (a;) pain in the breast, with periodic cough,
(h;) pain in the breast with cough and expectoration, (h;) pain in
the breast, with dry cough, (h;) burning and pressing in the breast,
then heat through the abdomen, with diarrhoea, (h;) slowly shooting
pain in the right side of the chest about the seventh rib; acute
stitch in the right breast; slowly shooting pain in the left side of the
chest near the axilla; stitches from the lower part of the left breast
to the shoulder; pressing pain in the region of the heart; stitches in
the left side in the region of the short ribs, by moving and turning
the body; continued pressure and heaviness in the whole of the
upper part of the chest, with difficulty of breathing; slowly shooting
pain under sternum; numb pain in the whole length of the scapula,
along the inner edges, which is also increased by breathing; pressing
934
NEW REMEDIES.
pain in the breast and back; palpitation of the heart, from immode-
rate doses, with great weakness; stitches in both breasts; severe sore-
ness under the right nipple, aggravated by being touched; the nipples
are sore and painful.
I
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The "curative" symptoms above, which
are designated (a) are from allopathic sources; (b) from homoeopathic
sources. Eclectic physicians use it in thoracic diseases where the
allopath considers tartar emetic indicated. In this they are not far
from the truth. Sanguinaria, in affections of the lungs, occupies a
place midway between Phosphorus and Tartar emetic. It has many
symptoms in common with both, and others possessed by neither.
have used the blood-root for many years in bronchitis, pneumonia, and
other diseases of the respiratory organs, and have obtained from it
some very satisfactory results. In the massive doses of the old
school, given to nausea and emesis, it was productive of great injury,
but in dynamic doses its use is never attended with any aggravations;
a few drops of the mother tincture may be used in some chronic
affections of the pulmonary organs, while in acute discases, with a
high grade of irritation, the 3d is the safest and best attenuation.
In the majority of cases of pneumonia, there occurs a group of symp-
toms for which we have generally used phosphorus or sulphur, with
good results, although the convalescence under those remedies is apt
to be lingering. But when those symptoms and conditions are met
with Sanguinaria, 2d dilution, (decimal), or Sanguinarin, 4th trit.,
a rapid subsidence of the diseased action occurs. At the second, and
during the existence of the third stage of the inflammation, we have
as physical signs: dullness on percussion, bronchial respiration, etc.,
denoting the presence of red, or even gray hepatization, and purulent
infiltration of the pulmonary parenchyma. Watson considers it doubt-
ful whether recoveries take place from the third stage of pneumonia ;
but under homoeopathic treatment, I do not believe such recoveries.
impossible. The general symptoms indicating Sanguinaria are ex-
treme dyspnoea, short, accelerated, constrained breathing, the specch
ceases to be free, the sputa becomes tenacious, rust-colored, and is ex-
pectorated with much difficulty The position of the patient is upon
the back; there is not much pain in the chest, unless the pleura are
involved, and then it is of a burning, stitching character.
The pulse
is quick and small-the face and extremities inclined to be cold, or
the hands and feet burning hot, with circumscribed redness and burn-
ing heat of the cheeks, especially in the afternoon. Under the use of
this remedy, the dyspnoea subsides, the bronchial breathing disap-
pears, we hear afresh the small crepitation, and first, alone, then
mixed with the natural respiratory murmur, which in its turn
become alone audible. The sputa becomes again less tenacious, less
red and yellow, and more like the expectoration of catarrh, and is
expectorated in large, heavy masses; the febrile symptoms gradually
abate, and a favorable convalescence is established. I give the
medicine every two hours, generally alone, but occasionally in alter-
nation with Phosphorus or Tartar emetic. In its powers over chronic
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS.
935
bronchial or laryngeal coughs, it rivals Lycopodium and Sulphur. It
relieves, and often cures, "coughs with chronic dryness in the throat
and sensation of swelling in the larynx; continual severe cough with-
out expectoration, with pain in the breast, and circumscribed redness
of the cheeks;" "cough, with coryza, then diarrhoea." This last
symptom is an important indication for the use of Sanguinaria. After
a severe cold, or undue exposure, some persons are attacked with
coryza, catarrhal headache, severe pains in the chest, with tightness
of breathing, and dry harrassing cough, all of which subsides upon
the recurrence of diarrhoea. In such cases Sanguinaria is eminently
indicated, as it causes a similar group of symptoms. Dr. Morrow
praises it very highly in haemoptysis. In one case which came under
my observation it seemed to correct the bleeding, promptly. Cases
have been reported to me, where the tincture of blood root, cured
spitting of blood, which had resisted other means. It will undoubt-
edly be found useful in some cases of Asthma. Croup, Larygnitis, and
perhaps Pleurisy, but we have no homoeopathic testimony of its effects
in those diseases.
Dr. Wolff claims to have used the 200th potency with success in
syphilitic pulmonary inflammation."
Back.-Pain in the nape of the neck; soreness of the nape of the
neck on being touched; pain in the left side of the nape of the neck ;
pain in the right side of the neck, as if sprained; stiffness of the nape
of the neck; pain in the back; pain in the sacrum and bowels-
(Dr. Bute.) *Pain in the sacrum from lifting; pain in the sacrum,
which is alleviated by bending forward; rheumatic pains in the nape
of the neck, shoulders and arms; pain in both shoulders; severe
pains in the left shoulder, in the evenings; pain under the shoulder-
blade with chill; pain from the left breast to the shoulder; rheu-
matic pain in the right shoulder, worse in the forenoon when she has
retained the arm for a long time in the same position, drawing itself
downwards to the elbow; pain on the top of the right shoulder;
sudden rheumatic pains in the shoulder joints in the upper part of
the shoulder joint, severe pain on every motion; *rheumatic pain in
the right arm and shoulder, worse at night, in bed; cannot raise the
(Dr. Bute.) *Pain in the right shoulder, and in the upper
part of the right arm, worse at night on turning in bed.-(Dr. Jeancs.)
arm
The
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Nearly all the symptoms of the back,
etc, are purely myalgic, and are easily mistaken for rheumatism ; in
prescribing this medicine, this distinction should be made.
curative symptoms appear to have been rheumatic, all but the " pain
in the sacrum from lifting."
Superior Extremities.-Rheumatic pains in the arms and hands;
rheumatic pains in the right forearm, in the evening; severe pain
in the hand, with aching in the arm when lying quiet and warm in
936
NEW REMEDIES.
bed; it is also often felt in the left foot, now above, then in the instep
and then in the toes; in the right palm near the index finger, a severe
pain as from a boil; *burning of of the palms, redness of the
hands, and severe burning lividity of the hands in *pneu-
monia; numb pain in the ball of the right thumb and a
cutting pain on the left joint of the middle finger; sticking
in the point of the right small finger; stiffness of the finger joints;
pain, as from a boil, at the root of the right thumb nail, then in the
left, from this to all the fingers, one after another, from the thumb to
the small finger, alike on both hands; ulceration of the roots of the
nails on all the fingers of both hands.
calf of the left
Inferior Extremities.-Rheumatic pain in the left hip; pain as
from a bruise in the left hip joint whilst walking, but worse on rising
from a seat; a rheumatic pain on the inside of the right thigh; a
bruise-like pain in the thigh, alternating, with burning and pressure
in the breast; stiffness of the knees; stiffness and tightness in the
bend and sides of the knees; cramp and pain in the
leg; drawing in the calves and into the instep, worse right than left;
sticking pain in the right ankle; continual stitches under the right
the right exterior ankle bone, similar to those from the
sting of a bee; pain in the left foot, with headache, and during
the pain in the right arm; sticking as from a needle in the instep,
in the morning in bed, and in the afternoon; coldness of the feet;
*burning in the soles of the feet, worse at night; burning of the
hands and feet in the night; pain in the corns; great weakness of the
limbs, with pains in the sacrum whilst walking; *acute swelling of
the joints of extremities.
Limbs.-Rheumatic pains in the limbs; acute, inflammatory, and
arthritic rheumatism; acute swelling of the joints of the extremities
stiffness of the limbs and rheumatic pains, with headache; pain in
those places where the bones are least covered with flesh, but not in
the joints; on touching the painful part, the pain immediately van-
ished and appeared in some other part. *Paralysis of the right side.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The clinical symptoms above, are
mostly from homoeopathic sources. The physician can draw his own
deductions from them.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
(Huntsman's Cup.)
ANALOGUES.-Ampelopsis (?) Asclepias tuberosa, Bryonia (?)
Calcarea (?) Cimicifuga (?) Dulcamara (?) Eupatorium purpureum (?)
Sulphur.
[It is yet very difficult to determine the medicines analagous to
this remedy. The above are merely suggested.]
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Leaves or ascidia from six to nine
inches long, radical, short-globose, inflated or cup-form, contracted at
the mouth, having a broad, arched, lateral wing, from half an inch to
an inch in width, and extended on the outside of the mouth into a
broad cordate, erect lamina or hood, covered above with reversed hairs.
Scape from one to two feet in height, terete, smooth, and supporting a
single, large, purple, nodding flower.-(Wood.)
HISTORY. This plant, also known as side-saddle flower, fly-trap
and pitcher plant, is an indigenous perennial, and "owes its strange
appearance to a curious pitcher-shaped metamorphosis of the leaf,
which resembles very much an old-fashioned side-saddle. Six of
these generally belong to each plant. The leaf, which springs from
the root, is formed by a large hollow tube, swelling out in the middle,
curved and diminishing downward, until it ends in a stem, contracted
at the mouth, and furnished with a large, spreading, heart-shaped
appendage at the top, which is hairy within, the hairs pointing down-
ward, so as to cause everything which falls upon the leaf to be carried
towards the petiole. A broad, wavy wing extends the whole length,
on the inside. These lie upon the ground, with their mouths turned
upward, so as to catch the water when it falls. They hold nearly a
wineglassful, and are generally filled with water and aquatic insects,
which undergo decomposition, or a sort of digestion, and serve as a
nutriment to the plant. The stem rises direct from the root; it is
round, quite smooth, and bears an elegant, deeply reddish-purple,
terminal flower, having two flower-cups; the external consisting of
three small leaves, the internal of five egg-shaped, obtuse leaves,
shining, and of a brownish purple. The blossoms are five, guitar-
shaped, obtuse, repeatedly curved inward and outward, and finally
inflected over the stigma, which is broad and spreading, divided at its
margin into five bifid lobes, alternating with the petals, and supported
on a short cylindrical style; this is surmounted by the stamens,
which are numerous, having short threads, and large, two-celled,
oblong, yellow anthers attached to them, on the under surface. In
the yellow-flowered species of the Southern States the bottle is very
long, resembling a trumpet, by which name it is often called."-King.
The whole species are water-plants, and are found only in wet
meadows, wet, boggy places, marshes, mud-lakes, etc., and grow from
Labrador to Florida, flowering in June. There are several species:--
938
NEW REMEDIES.
the S. heterophylla, found in the swamps at Northampton, Mass., the
S. rubra, S. flava, S. variolaris, S. drummondii and S. psyttacina, which
are common to the South. It is a curious coincidence that one of the
species is named from a fancied resemblance of its mottled leaves to
the cruption of variola.
A proximate analysis of the Sarracenia by Theobald Frohwein, of
New York, gave: "Organic elements-traces of volatile oil, gum,
starch, vegetable albumen, tannin, resin, bitter principle, with acid
reaction and extractive matter. Inorganic elements-sulphate of lime
carbonic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, traces of lime, magne-
sia, potassia and soda, iron and silicic acid."
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.—Tincture, dilutions, triturations.—
[Infusion (?) Nearly all the alleged successful clinical experiments
with this medicine were made with the 'cold infusion. It may be
necessary to adopt this form in certain cases.]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-There is no doubt but that this plant was
first used by the Indians, as was many of our indigenous remedies,
and from them the eclectics or botanics obtained their knowledge of
its virtues. It was long in use by the eclectics as a deobstruent and
cathartic, to relieve a torpid condition of the stomach, intestines, liver,
kidneys, uterus, and the various functional derangements; but as its
value in this condition of these organs was far inferior to many other
of their drugs, it soon fell into non-use.
Dr. C. H. Cleaveland, of Cincinnati,* says of the Sarracenia: "As
long since as the writer's earliest recollection, an aged female living
near his father's residence, was famous for the syrup which she made
for the cure of chlorosis and other derangements of the uterine organs,
and for the relief of dyspepsia and other gastric difficulties. Not all
the ingredients of the syrup were made known to those who pur-
chased of her; but, after a time, it was discovered that it owed all its
active properties to the Sarracenia, with perhaps the mucilage of the
Osmundià regalis. Within the last five years, I have again had my
attention called to the side-saddle plant, from learning that it was
used by a Canadian French doctor as a regulator of uterine derange-
ment; and, for several years, I have, with satisfactory success, pre-
scribed it in many cases of gastric disease, in the form of an infusion,
or in that of a syrup, made from the leaf or the root.
April 17, 1861.-Dr. Morris, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, was visited
by a Mr. Lane, who brought with him a squaw of the Mic-Mac tribe,
having in her hand some of the root of this plant. She stated that it
would cure variola. The doctor began to test its virtues in this
most loathsome disease, as a severe epidemic was then prevailing in
his locality. Such was his success, that the good news soon spread
all over, and finally found its way into the London Lancet, a Dr.
Mills claiming the discovery. Such was the joy with which this
news was hailed, that it at once received a severe test under all sorts
ofcircumstances, and some lauded with praise and others condemned
it, whether justly or not the future will determine.-(See skin.)
* Journal of Rational Medicine.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
939
These vauntings found their way to our school, who are ever
ready to test the value of any drug, and it was often used empirically,
none seeming courageous enough to undertake a proving. In 1847,
Dr. Porcher, of South Carolina, made some experiments with it, as
will be seen below.
The profession are truly indebted to the North-western Prover's
Association, for the careful provings which we publish. We do not
know of any other provings.
DR. PORCHER'S EXPERIMENT.
During the year 1847, Dr. F. P. Porcher, of South Carolina, ex.
perimented with the root, or that portion of the stem which is below
the surface of the ground. He thinks the bitter and astringent prin-
ciples of the plant are imperfectly extracted by water, and that the
decoction is even more destitute of these properties than the cold in-
fusion. He made trial of the root, in a recent state, as well as of the
dried root, on his own person, and gives the following as the result of
one of his experiments:
“Dec. 4th.—We again commenced experimenting with it. It had
become dry, having been rolled into pills of three grains each. Of
these we took sixty (180 grs.) between 10 and 12 o'clock P. M., upon a
comparatively empty stomach, swallowing them at intervals, six or
eight at a time. Its diuretic action in this instance was frequently
repeated, the secretion being increased in quantity-pure, limpid and
colorless, with scarcely any sediment after several hours' standing.
Its action on the stomach resembled that following its first employ-
ment, being attended with the same phenomena. A feeling of
emptiness was produced in the course of an hour. After retiring to
bed, the whole abdominal region was in a state of commotion, extend-
ing along the track of the ascending and descending colon, all of
which appeared to participate in a kind of rolling motion produced by
it. To these were added involuntary rumbling sounds, as if the en-
tire alimentary tube was stimulated, and apparently forewarning a
cathartic effect. We are led to believe that its astringent property
prevented this result. There was, also, tenderness on pressure of the
epigastrium. The feeling of congestion about the head, with irregu-
larity of the heart's action, which lasted several days, was again
observed. Before morning, the pulse rose to 100 by the watch, re-
suming its usual frequency after a time. We were prevented by sleep,
which was much disturbed, from ascertaining positively the co-exis-
tence of strange impressions on the sensorial functions. The general
vigor of the digestive apparatus was increased. The appetite follow-
940
NEW REMEDIES
ing, the next day, was unusually active, seeming to demand much
more to satisfy its requirements; but there was a sense of pain about
the stomach like that following inflammation, or that felt in the mus-
cular tissue after a limb has been overtasked."
It
In the first experiment, in which Dr. Porcher took 140 grains of
the fresh root, the symptoms produced were very similar, to those de-
tailed in the above quotation, pointing distinctly to the parts of the
system influenced by the drug; namely, the gastric filaments of the
ganglionic or organic system of nerves. This produced an increased
action of the circulatory system, and drove the blood to the head.
also increased the peristaltic motion of the entire alimentary canal,
and promoted the renal and other glandular secretions, without any
apparent effect upon the nerves of animal life. As the experiments of
Dr. Porcher are directly corroborative of those made by the writer, and
confirmatory of the utility of the plant in all cases where there is a slug-
gish or torpid condition of the stomach, the intestines, the liver, the
kidneys, or the uterus-producing costiveness, dyspepsia, amenorrhoea,
dysmenorrhoea and functional derangements which are so commonly to
be met with-it must be evident that this plant possesses valuablé pro-
perties, which render it well worthy the attention of the enlightened
practitioner. Within the past year, several articles have been pub-
lished in regard to it, of such a nature as to attract considerable
attention; and, although some of the statements made are cer-
tainly erroneous, and others may prove to be too strong and
positive, it seems entirely proper to place them on record, and, in the
way of repeated and thorough tests.”
PROVING OF DR. T. CATION DUNCAN.
Recording Secretary of the North-western Provers Association.
I have been vaccinated, and often exposed to small pox, but never
have taken it.
Sept. 11th, 1866.—Took half an ounce of the cold infusion of
Sarracenia purpurea. 12 M., full feeling through the head, just
above the ears; a slight soreness of the pectoralis major muscle,
from origin to insertion; a pain ran up the right trapezius muscle,
with a wave-like motion; heat in the whole right lumbar region ;
pulse 70, and full; feel remarkably cheerful; feeling at the umbilicus
as if bloated; (flatus the probable cause.)
12th.-Awoke fecling better than usual; pulse 76; pain in left
eye, as if congested, for about ten minutes; dull, heavy feeling in
the forehead for about two hours, causing great depression of spirits ;
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
941
pain, with that wave-like motion, in the muscles of the femur; stick-
ing pains deep in the right ear; they are transient, but recur very
often for a few hours; the same pains appeared in the left ear. A
strange lameness in the femur, in its lower third, more particularly
in the inner condyle. 2 P. M., those bone pains have appeared in the
tibia and fibula; they are intermittent in character, but there is a
continued soreness of these bones. 4 P. M., a soreness of the frontal
bone for half an hour, 6 P. M., my face feels flushed; paroxysms of
pain in the right shoulder joint; pain in the left carpus and tarsus.
9 r. M., pulse 68; hands feel hot, warm all over; the cold air makes
me very chilly, and increases the bone pains, especially in the knees.
13th.-Awoke at three A. M., with urging to urinate; the bladder
was so full that it overcame the contractive powers of the sphincter
vesicle, and the urine was dribbling away; feel hot and feverish;
lips and mouth parched; head feels dull and heavy; pain and sore-
ness in the sacrum; bone pains in the arms; awake an hour. Awoke
at 7:30, from a very unrefreshing sleep, although I slept an hour
longer than usual: feel very feverish, pulse small and quick; 80
beats to the minute; sore all over, especially deep in the bones;
dull, heavy ache in the head, especially in the frontal region; eyes
feel swollen and sore; dullness of mind; much flatus present. 9:30
A. M., stool; the first portion was natural, the last portion diar-
rhoeic. 2 P. M., very chilly in the open air; feet and hands cold;
head hot and sore, with a full feeling; pain in the back; this is very
perceptible upon ascending stairs; knees feel weak; arms and back
tired and sore all over; disinclination to do anything; want to lay
down all the time; losing appetite. 9 P. M., a good deal of pain in
the back, deep-seated; brain very dull and memory poor; pain in
the angle of the ribs, for half an hour; pain in the hip joints, felt
most when rising to the feet from a lying posture. Voided 40 ounces
of urine.
14th. Awoke at 6:30; sleep refreshing; brain feels clearer,
spirits buoyant; a soreness of right optic nerve just behind the eye-
ball, for about ten minutes; bone pains, still some present, especially
in the cervical and lumbar vertebra, sacrum and femur, (whole length)
especially of the inner condyle and trochanter major.
15th.-Dysenteric-diarrhoea, with a good deal of tenesmus; took a
dose of Podophyllum, which quieted it; since then, bowels costive;
the appetite has been extra good since the 14th.
The symptoms
gradually grew less, and to-day, 17th, quite well.
942
NEW REMEDIES,
In this trial I used the same preparation as did C. Thomas, in
his second trial.
SECOND PROVING.
17th.-P. M., took one ounce of the decoction, and one dram of the
tincture.
18th.-Awoke from a refreshing sleep; mouth some dry; bowels
moved, closing up with looseness and some tenesmus. 12. Some
pains in the condyles of the femur. 3 P. M., aching sore pain in the
left humerus. 9 P. M., a warm sensation passed up the back into the
head. Pain in the right patella, and metatarsal bones; some frontal
headache; voided 25 ounces of urine, specific gravity 1026; pulse
64 full.
19th.-Awoke in a fright; head is hot and aches; a dull, heavy
feeling; tongue dry; skin feels hot and dry; pulse 68, small; sore-
ness in the humerus, radii, ulnii, femores, fibulæ, tibiæ, in the tarsii,
and metatarsii. 12 M., mind despondent; headache continues; pains
in the hip joints; some transient pains in the bowels; coldness of
the extremities when idle or still, as if from deficient circulation.
Appetite poor; head and body warm; bones in both arms pain me.
Dull, heavy, sore feeling in all my bones; same bone symptoms;
pulse 61, very small; voided 27 ounces of urine; sp. gr. 1024;
vesical tenesmus.
20th.-Tired and illy refreshed; head dull and aches at the coronal
region; a languid feeling; tongue brownish-white, coated; mouth
dry; urine, acid, clear and pale; responds to test for the phosphates,
earthy phosphates and chloride of sodium; voided 29 ounces.
21st. But little pain this morning; urine normal.
It will be seen by the above experiments that the drug, like
Variola, does not act well the second time. The most marked symp-
toms do not make their appearance until twenty-four hours after
taking the drug.
PROVING BY C. THOMAS.
Member of the North-western Provers Association.
Aged 17. Nervous-bilious temperament; cheerful disposi-
tion; good constitution; occupation, medical student; regular habits;
sleep, about seven hours a night, from 10 P. M., to 5 a. M.; exercise a
good deal. Has been vaccinated, had varioloid four years ago.
CHICAGO, June, 1866.-Weather very warm; thermometer ranging
above 80°; no epidemic or endemic in the city; health has been good
for some time previous.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
943
The Sarracenia was taken in the form of tincture, prepared by
macerating the dried root in alcohol for about four weeks.
Monday, June 18th, 1866.-At 3 P. M., took 10 drops tincture;
also 8 P. M., took 10 drops tincture; retired at 10:30, feeling well.
Tuesday, 19th.-Awoke at 5 A. M., feeling well in every respect ;
pulse 68, full and strong; specific gravity of urine, 1.020; slight
palpitation of the heart in the morning; retired at 10; 5 A. M., took
10 drops; 10 A. M., took 10 drops; 3 P. M., took 10 drops; 8 P. M.,
took 10 drops.
Wednesday, 20th.-Awoke at 5 o'clock, feeling unrefreshed; by
7 o'clock this sensation of weariness had passed off; urine 1.020;
borborygmus and some pain in the bowels, with constipation; pulse
70, full; slight headache; took at 5 A. M., 10 drops; 10 a. M., 10
drops; 4 P. M., 10 drops; 10 г. м., 10 drops.
Thursday, 21st.-Awoke at 4 o'clock, feeling very much un-
refreshed; I slept soundly; after being up an hour or two, I felt
better; pulse 72; urine 1.025, scanty, limpid; constipation con-
tinues; took at 5 A. M., 10 drops; 10 A. M, 10 drops; 4 P. M., 20
drops; 9 r. M., 20 drops.
Friday, 22d.-Awoke at 4:30, feeling as I did yesterday; all
my symptoms remain in statu quo; pulse 74; urine 1.028; took
at 5 a. M., 25 drops; 10 A. M., 25 drops; 4 P. м., 25 drops; 10
P. M., 25 drops.
Saturday, 23d.-Awoke at 5 o'clock, having slept well, but I do
not feel at all refreshed; urine copious, and a little cloudy, specific
gravity 1.030- the cloudiness is caused by mucus; pulse 78;
severe headache in the afternoon for about two hours; took at 5
A. M., 25 drops; 10 A. M. 25 drops; 4 P. м., 25 drops; 10 P. M.,
25 drops.
Sunday, 24th.-Awoke at 5 o'clock; slept well, still my sleep
does not refresh me; pulse 78, strong; urine 1.030, copious and
rather cloudy, (mucus); no headache; bowels moved to-day, the
first time for the six days I have been proving the drug; stools
very hard, covered with mucus, dark color; took at 6 A. M., 25
drops; 10 A. M., 25 drops; 4 P. M, 25 drops; 10 P. M., 25 drops.
Monday, 25th.-Symptoms remain the same in every respect;
pulse 79; urine 1.034, copious, cloudy; borborygmus, sensation of
dryness in the mouth and throat, not relieved by drinking tea or
water; took at 5 A. M., 25 drops; 10 a. M., 25 drops; 4 P. M., 25
drops; 10 P. M., 25 drops.
Tuesday, 26th.-Awoke at 5 A. M., feeling as usual, unrefreshed;
944
NEW REMEDIES.
urine 1.030, copious, pale-yellow, which is the color it has been all
through the proving; pulse 79; dryness in the throat has all passed
off; slight borborygmus. As I do not get any prominent symptoms
I shall intermit the proving for a short time. Took at 5 A. M.,
25 drops; 10 A. M., 25 drops; 4 P. M., 25 drops; 10 P. M., 25
drops.
Wednesday, 27th.-Awoke at 5, feeling the same as yesterday.
Pulse 78; urine 1.030.
Thursday, 28th.-A movement of the bowels to-day; urine 1.025
pulse 76; feel much better.
Friday, 29th.-Feel well; pulse 70; urine 1.020; bowels
moved.
Monday, July 2d.-Well in every respect; pulse 68; urine
1.190; bowels regular; sleep refreshing.
SECOND PROVING.
July, 1866.-I prepared a cold infusion by macerating an ounce
of the dried plant in ten ounces of boiling water. Weather very hot;
urine specific gravity, 1.018.
1st day. Took at ten A. M., three and nine P. M., fifteen 'drops.
Retired at ten P. M., feeling very well. Urine 1.018; pulse 70.
2d day. Took fifteen drops every two hours; Rose at 5 A. M.,
feeling as well as usual; urine 1.017; pulse 68. No symptoms
to-day.
3d day. Feel rather unrefreshed, although slept soundly; urine
1.019; pulse 72; lassitude present all day; urine 1.020; pulse 71.
Took 20 drops every two hours.
4th day. Sleep still unrefreshing; dreamed a good deal; urine
1.018; pulse 69; lassitude still present; bowels open freely to-day,
for the first time since I commenced the proving, Stool at first very
constipated, afterwards soluble, dark and highly offensive; general
malaise; pulse 68; took 30 drops every two hours.
5th day. Still feel dull and heavy; urine 1.020; pulse 70;
headache for an hour; perspire freely; find it difficult to concentrate
the attention; forgetful; pulse 68; took thirty drops every two
hours. It has been very hot to-day.
6th day. Urine 1.019; pulse 68. Took 30 drops every two
hours; no new symptoms.
7th day. Urine at five A. M., 1.015; pulse 70; slight headache;
very dull and unfit, both for work and study. Took 50 drops
Felt very
every two hours; pulse 69; hot to-day.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
945
8th day. Feel same as yesterday; urine 1.018; pulse 71;
perspire freely; but little appetite; but what food I do eat agrees
with me. Took 60 drops every two hours. Very warm to-day;
pulse 69.
9th day, Same symptoms as yesterday. Urine 1.019; pulse 69;
took 75 drops every two hours. Shall discontinue the use of the
drug; pulse 68.
10th day, Urine 1.018; pulse 70; bowels open this morning the
first for six days; stool copious; dark foetid, evacuated with great
straining.
11th day. Feel much better; the dull heavy feeling is passing
away. Urine 1.020; pulse 69; bowels opened again freely; appe-
tite improving. Although the weather is still warm and I am
actively employed, I do not perspire as freely as I did while taking
the drug.
12th day. Urine 1.019; pulse 70; feel almost well.
15th day.-Quite well; all the dull, listless, sensation is gone;
my bowels and kidneys normal.
I think the presence of so few symptoms on the second trial is
quite suggestive. Compare the urinary and pulse symptoms in the
first, with the last proving. It does not seem to act well the second
time on the same person.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Remarkably cheerful; disinclination to do
anything; inclination to lie down; despondency; general malaise ;
general lassitude; soreness all over, especially in the bones; pains
in all the bones; dull, heavy sore feeling in all the bones.
Characteristic Symptoms.-It is a noteworthy fact that this drug
does not act well upon the same individual the second time. The
prominent symptoms did not make their appearance until after the
first 24 hours.
Nervous System.-This system does not seem to be especially in-
volved, except by the presence of the drug in the circulation.
Muscular System. This system seems to be affected, from the
same cause as the nerve tissues.
Osseous System. This system is undoubtedly affected as is
noted by the many and persistent bone symptoms, and by the pres-
ence of the earthy phosphates in the urine,
Vascular System.-There seems to be a tardy circulation through
the viscera and brain.
61
946
NEW REMEDIES.
Heart and Arteries.-Pulse 70 and full; pulse 68; pulse 80,
small and quick; pulse 64, full; 68 small; pulse 68, full and strong;
70, full; 72, 74, 78 and strong; 79; then it gradually ran down
again to the standard, after stopping the drug. The second experi-
ment of both provers did not affect the pulse perceptibly.
Fever.-Feel very feverish; very chilly in the open air; am
warm all over; cold air makes me feel very chilly, and increases bone
pains, particularly in the knees; hot and feverish; very chilly
in the open air.
Skin.-Perspires freely; skin feels hot and dry.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Although these provers did not suc-
ceed in bringing out the characteristic eruption, still, many of the
symptoms quite strongly simulate those of the first stages of variola.
The experiments were made with the dried root, which seems to
rapidly lose its strength, which may account for the few symptoms
produced,
Variola. We have many carefully detailed cases where this
remedy seemed to meet the requirements of a specific for some forms
of this terrible disease.
We here present, as far as possible, all the literature on this
subject.
The American Medical Times has the following letter by Fred.
W. Morris, M. D., Resident Physician of the Halifax Visiting Dis-
pensary :
66
SIR-You have by this time, in all probability, heard something
of an extraordinary discovery for the cure of small-pox, by the use of
Sarracenia purpurea,' or Indian cup, a native plant of Nova Scotia. I
would beg of you, however, to give full publicity to the astonishing
fact, that this same humble bog-plant of Nova Scotia is the remedy
for small-pox, in all its forms, in twelve hours after the patient has
taken the medicine. It is also as curious as it is wonderful that,
however alarming and numerous the eruptions, or confluent and
frightful they may be, the peculiar action of the medicine is such that
very seldom is a scar left to tell the story of the disease. I will not
enter upon a physiological analysis now; it will be sufficient for my
purpose to state, that it cures the disease as no other medicine does—
not by stimulating functional re-agency, but by actual contact with the
virus in the blood, rendering it inert and harmless; and this I gather
from the fact that if either the vaccine or variolous matter be washed
with the infusion of the Sarracenia, they are deprived of their conta-
gious properties. The medicine, at the same time, is so mild to the
taste, that it may be mixed largely with tea or coffee, as I have done,
and given to connoisseurs in these beverages to drink, without their
being aware of the admixture. Strange, however, to say, it is scarcely
two years since science and the medical world were utterly ignorant
of this great boon of Providence ; and it would be dishonorable in me
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
947
not to acknowledge that had it not been for the discretion of Mr. John
Thomas Lane, of Lanespark, County Tipperary, Ireland, late of Her
Majesty's Imperial Customs of Nova Scotia, to whom the Mec-Mac
Indians had given the plant, the world would not now be in posses-
sion of the secret. No medical man before me had ever put this
medicine upon trial, but in 1861, when the whole Province of Nova
Scotia was in a panic, and patients were dying at the rate of twelve
and a half per cent., from May to August, Mr. Lane, in the month of
May, placed the Sarracenia' in my hands to decide upon its merits ;
and, after my trials then and since, I have been convinced of its
astonishing efficacy. The only functional influence it seems to have,,
is in promoting the flow of urine, which soon becomes limpid and
abundant, and this is owing perhaps to the defecated poison or changed.
virus of the disease exclusively escaping through that channel. The
Sarracenia,' I have reason to believe a powerful antidote for all con-
tagious diseases, lepra, measles, varicella, plague, contagious typhus,
and even syphilis, also a remedy in jaundice. I am strongly inclined
to think it will one day play an important part in all these.'
""
Report by Dr. Herbert Miles, of the British army :-" Early in
the last winter, a small coasting vessel landed a portion of her crew
at an obscure seaboard village a few miles from Halifax, N. S. These
persons were sick with small-pox, and the disease soon spread, first
among the cottagers, with whom the fishermen mixed, and subse-
quently among those from the capital, who resorted to the village for
the purposes of trade. Through the carly weeks of spring, rumor
constantly asserted that vast numbers of the seafaring population
were attacked with the complaint; but it was not until early in
March that the large Civil Hospital of Halifax, by the number of its
weekly admissions for variola, began to corroborate rumor, and to
authenticate the justice of public anxiety. The disease, in process of
time, extended to the troops in the garrison, but the proportion of
attacks to those among the civil population, was singularly small.
While certain portions of the inhabitants of Halifax were suffering
from the epidemic, alarming accounts reached that place, relative to
the terrible ravages of the disease among the Indians, and colored
people generally. Varioia is the special plague of the Indians; and
when they are invaded by this pestilence, it sweeps them off by
scores. Like the fire of the prairies, it passes over their encamping
grounds, destroying all of human kind in its path. On this occasion
the most painful details were given of whole families being carried
off by this loathsome disease. After some time, however; it was said
that the pestilence had been stayed, One of the Indian race, it was
asserted, had come into the disease stricken camp, possessed of a pre-
paration which had the extraordinary power of curing the kind of
cases that had hitherto proved so fatal. This remedy was believed
by the Indians to be so efficacious, that if given to them when at-
tacked with small-pox, they looked forward with confidence to a
speedy and effectual cure. An old weird Indian woman was the
fortunate possessor of the remedy in question. She had always been
known as the doctress of her tribe, and had enjoyed celebrity for
948
NEW REMEDIES.
many years, in consequence of her reputed knowledge of medicine,
and wonderful acquaintance with the herbs and roots of the woods.
So well established was her fame among the Indians, that when sick
they resorted to her in preference to the white doctors, whom they
considered to be no good.'
Captain Hardy, of the Royal Artillery, an accomplished and in-
telligent officer, who has been for years among the Indians, says that
'the old squaw's remedy had long been known to them as an infalla-
ble cure for small pox,' and that the Indians believe it to be suc-
cessful in every case.'
From the information gathered from the Indians, the following
observations have been carefully sifted :
1. In the case of an individual suspected to be under the
influence of small-pox, but with no distinct eruption upon him, a
wine-glassful of an infusion of the plant, Sarracenia purpurea,' or
pitcher-plant is to be taken. The effect of this dose is to bring out the
eruption. After a second and third dose, given at intervals of from
four to six hours, the pustules subside, apparently losing their vitali-
ity. The patient feels better at the end of each dose, and in the end
of each dose, and in the graphic expression of the Mec-Mac,' 'knows
there is a change within him at once.'
2. In a subject already covered with the eruption of small-pox in
the early stage, a dose or two will dissipate the pustules, and subdue
the febrile symptoms. The urine from being scanty and high-
colored becomes pale and abundant, whilst from the first dose the
feelings of the patient assure him that the medicine is killing the
disease.' Under the influence of the remedy, in three or four days
the prominent symptoms of the constitutional disturbance subside,
although, as a precautionary measure, the sick person is kept in camp
until the ninth day. No marks of the eruption (as regards pitting,
etc.,) have been left in cases examined, if treated by the remedy.
With regard to the medicine acting (as is believed by the
Indians) in the way of a preventive, in those exposed to infection, it
is curious to note, that in the camps where the remedy has been
used, the people keep a weak infusion of the plant prepared, and
take a dose occasionally during the day, so as to "keep the antidote
in the blood."
We find, also, that the following result of a trial of the Sarracenia
has been communicated to the London Times, by Mr. Cosmo G. Logie,
Surgeon-Major Royal Horse Guards, (blue). Eleven men of Mr.
Logie's regiment, which is stationed at Windsor, contracted the
disease. After expressing his disbelief in the perfect protecting
power of vaccination, he writes:
Some time ago, seeing a paper written by Assistant-Surgeon
Miles, of the Royal Artillery, on the efficacy of the North American
plant, called the Sarracenia purpurea, or pitcher plant, in the treat-
ment of small pox among the Indians, my colleague, Mr. Agnis, and
myself have given this remedy. Four of the cases in my hospital
have been severe confluent cases; they have, throughout the dis-
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
919
ease, all been perfectly sensible, have had excellent appetites, been
free from pain, and have never felt weak. The effects of this medi-
icine, which I have carefully watched, seemed to arrest the develop-
ment of the pustules, killing, as it were, the virus from within,
thereby changing the character of the disease and doing away with
the cause of pitting, and thus avoiding the necessity of gutta percha
and india rubber applications, or opening of the pustules.
In my
opinion, all anticipations of disfigurement from pitting, may now be
calmed, if this medicine is given from the commencement of the
disease."
A committee of the New York Medical Society (Allopathic) made
a report on Sarracenia purpurea, which will be found in full, pages 7
and 19, American Medical Times, Jan. 1854. They thus close
their report:
"Your committee has endeavored to lay before the Society the
history and recorded experience, thus far, in the use of the Sarra-
cenia purpurea, for the treatment of small pox; and in conclusion,
would respectfully submit the following as their deductions from the
the testimony here accumulated: 1st. That the analyses already
made of the plant, do not give any active principle, or elements,
which would indicate any great medicinal potency. 2d. That the
discoverers and advocates of the specific remedial power of the
Sarracenia purpurea over variola, have given, apparently, too great
credit to the post hoc' circumstances, as being propter hoc influ-
ences, (one reason for this latter inference being suggested by the
loose, unscientific, and eulogistic style of the communications). And,
3d, that the reliable experience thus far, appears to preponderate
against the remedial efficacy of this plant, in those forms of disease
which do not generally recover under the administration of ordinary
remedies."
From these allopathic deductions we dissent. 1st.-The analysis
showing the presence of Sulphate of Lime, Carbonic acid, Sulphuric
acid, Phosphoric acid and traces of Lime, Magnesia, Potassa and
Soda, and Silicic acid, also Tannin, bitter principle, etc., would
evince that it is a remedy of considerable power, rather than an inert
substance. 2.-Although the reports have been exaggerated in many
instances, the recommendations, homoeopathic and allopathic, are too
numerous to be discarded.
This agent, as many of our readers will remember, was introduced
to notice a few years ago, and hailed as a sovereign remedy in the
treatment of small pox. Its success, in most of the cases published,
did not fully maintain the hopes which were entertained of its value,
but the annexed cases would seem to indicate that it deserves further
trial. A thorough proving would throw some light upon the subject.
The article is from the pen of Manuel Miracas, and first appeared in
the Criterio Medico.
During the epidemic of variola, which prevailed for so long a time
at Barcelona, and which still exists in some of the neighboring dis-
tricts, I had occasion to try the Sarracenia purpurea, homoeopathi-
cally prepared. This remedy, which I have used in low dilution, has
950
NEW REMEDIES.
$
invariably given me the finest results, as may be seen from the
following observations, selected from the severest cases which I have
treated, and given with the greatest exactness possible.
Case 1st.-Josefa Gaso, 16 years old, born at Verdic, of a lym-
phatic, sanguine temperament and a good constitution; vaccinated
during infancy, was the first person whom I had to treat. On the
third day the eruption assumed the confluent form; the fever was
intense, withont delirium; there was photophobia, general malaise,
groaning without knowing why, scanty urine; the pustules of the
eruption were but slightly developed. Sarracenia, three drops of the
1st in six teaspoonfuls of water, a spoonful every hour.
Dec 13th. The patient is more quiet; she opens her eyes and
endures the impression of the light; the eruption has sensibly pro-
gressed during twenty-four hours; the pustules are filling with a
whitish pus; the fever persists, though less violent; the delirium
has ceased; thirst slight; same prescription.
14th.—The fever and the other symptoms have disappeared. I
have the satisfaction to see that the pustules which cover the cheeks
are the first upon which the beneficent action of the remedy manifests
itself; they are flattened or rather atrophied; the skin resumes its
natural color, and the face, but little tumefied, its natural expression.
The patient has some appetite. Broth; the same prescription.
15. The pustules upon the nose, chin and forehead begin to dry
up; the fever has not re-appeared; there is no itching in any part of
the skin; the pustules on the cheeks are completely flattened and
dry; those on the arms and bauds are still filled with pus. Suspen-
sion of the remedy. Soup.
16th. The desiccation continues; it extends to the arms, hands
and other parts of the body. The patient experiences no new symp-
toms; she has good appetite and desires to rise.
17th.-Quite well.
Case 2.-Jose Soler, 22 years of age, of a good constitution, vaccin-
ated; presented Feb. 6th the following symptoms: Intense headache,
drowsy, slightly delirous, pulse frequent, hard and full; thirst, burn-
ing heat of the skin; urine scanty and hot; indifference for every-
thing; tongue dry, covered with a thick yellowish fur; insupportable
pain in the lumbar region; general lassitude. Aconite and Belladonna
alternately every hour and a half; sugar-water for the usual drink.
Feb. 7th. The same symptoms a little less intense; the same
remedies every two hours.
8th.-The fever and the other symptoms have disappeared; upon
the face, chest and arms appear little wimples presenting the appear-
snce of variola. The patient is quiet and free from pains.
medicine.
No
Sarracenia
9th.-Eruption well marked; no special symptom.
purp. 1st; three drops in six spoonfuls of water; a spoonful every
four hours, Broth.
10th.-Pustules well developed; filled with a whitish pus; face
swollen; patient tranquil and without fever. Continue.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
951
11th-Forty-eight hours have passed since the first dose of the
remedy and the pustules on the face and forehead begin to dry. The
patient experiences no new symptom; he has a fine appetite. The
same remedy every six hours.
12th.-Pustules more depressed; those of the nose are dry.
13th.-Pustules quite dry. No remedy. Soup.
14th. The patient feeling quite well, wished to rise.
This case of variola is remarkable, for while the stage of invasion
was quite severe, the others succeded in the course of nine days in
such a satisfactory manner, that at the end of that time, I was able to
dismiss him from my care.
Case 3.-Rosa Socias, twenty-one years of age, of a lymphatico-
bilious temperament, vaccinated in childhood, was seen for the first
time January 11th, the second day of the eruption; she had the con-
fluent variola, presenting an unpleasant appearance, on account of the
abundance and agglomeration of the pocks all over the skin, but
especially upon the face, which could not be looked upon but with re-
pugnance. Her face in fact was rendered frightful by the swelling
and the deep color of the integuments, at those points where the pus-
tules were as yet but slightly developed. The fever was quite violent
it was accompanied with intense thirst, heat and general malaise. It
was with the greatest difficulty that the patient could articulate a few
words, as her tongue, covered with pustules was very much swollen ;
the eruption had even invaded all the mucous membrane of the palate
and the larynx, rendering deglutition difficult. Sarracenia 1st, four
drops in eight spoonfuls of water, a spoonful every four hours; abso-
lute rest; diet sugar-water,
12th.-Third day of the eruption and the first of the treatment.
No sensible modification of the symptoms. The pustules appear more
developed. Same remedy.
The
13th. Fourth day of eruption and second of treatment.
pustules are well-developed on the nose and chin; those on the
cheeks and forehead are smaller and flattened. But little fever; no
itching of the skin. Sarracenia, three drops of the 1st in six spoon-
fuls of water; a spoonful every six hours.
14th. Marked diminution of the pustules on the face; those of
the nose and chin begin to dry; those on the cheeks have disap-
peared to a great extent; those on the arms and hands are large and
filled with pus.
The patient is more tranquil: she has no fever; she
speaks more freely, as the tongue, relieved of the pustules which
covered it, is less swollen. Broth; the same remedy.
15th.-Sixth day of the eruption and fourth of the treatment. The
patient, lying tranquilly in her bed, is waiting for the complete
desiccation of the vesicles. She has no itching, the pulse is normal.
The pustules on the arms and hands still containing considerable pus.
I prescribed three drops of Sarracenia in six spoonfuls of water, a
spoonful to be taken every six hours. Broth.
16th. The patient is well; no unpleasant feelings; no pain; good
appetite. The desiccation is almost complete. Soup.
952
NEW REMEDIES.
17th. The improvement is so decided that the patient wishes to
rise; the desiccation is complete all over the body.
Six days afterwards I saw Rosa Socias; she was entirely well.
Case 4.-A little infant 11 months old, tolerably robust, though
born of psoric parents, presented:
Feb. 1st.-All the symptoms of confluent variola; the pocks, of
different sizes, were crowded upon the face and hands; the eyes
were closed and the nostrils obstructed by the accumulation of pus-
tules and by a thick, viscous, deep yellow humor. Extreme agita-
tion, constant crying; hoarseness; bloating of the face; scanty urine,
fever with thread-like and unequal pulse. On account of the char-
acter and extension of the eruption, and the youth of the patient,
who had never been vaccinated, I gave an unfavorable prognosis.
The eruption had already made its appearance 48 hours before. I
prescribed Sarracenia, 18 globules of the 2d in a cup of sugar-water,
a teaspoonful to be taken every four hours.
Feb. 2d. The general state of the child has not sensibly changed,
but the pustules enlarge rapidly; the same remedy.
Feb. 3d-The child opens its eyes and is a little more tranquil;
the pustules are more developed; the pulse is more regular, the little
little patient would take the breast, if it were not prevented by the
obstruction of the nostrils. Same remedy.
Feb. 4th.-Third day of treatment. The pustules on the fore-
head seem to have diminished in volume, and are a little rough to the
touch; those which cover the other parts of the body are larger and
filled with pus.
The infant nurses and is quiet. Sarracenia, three
drops of the 2d in six spoonfuls of sugar-water; a spoonful every six
hours.
Feb. 5th.-Fourth day of medication. The little patient is lively,
and without appearance of fever. It is truly extraordinary to observe
that the desiccation of most of the pustules is accomplished in so few
days. The remedy is suspended.
Feb. 6th.-Desiccation complete. The child makes efforts to
rise; nurses well. The crusts disappear under the form of lenticular
scales.
Ten days afterwards I saw this child; he had entirely recovered;
there was no mark upon his face, and upon his body especially; the
skin was as smooth and soft as before his sickness.
Case 5.-A young man, 19 years of age, was taken with a severe
form of confluent variola. The eruption had begun to appear four
days before I saw him; the pustules were small, thick, and agglom-
erated. Prostration, delirium, intense fever, tongue dry, and covered
with whitish pustules; burning thirst; great sadness; involuntary
groans; somnolence. The patient had had medical attendance and
the physician gave an unfavorable prognosis. Sarracenia, three drops
of the 2d, in six spoonfuls of water; a spoonful every four hours.
The next day, the remissions of the symptoms was so marked,
that the allopath who had previously attended him, could not but
notice it, and he thought, that perhaps his fatal prognosis would not
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
953
be verified. The same prescription, which was repeated two days
successfully, produced such an effect, that the patient, who accord-
ing to the prognosis of his former physician, was to die on that day,
found himself out of danger; in fact the pustules began to desiccate
regularly and convalescence soon declared itself.
Case 6.—A young lady of 30 years, of a good constitution; vac-
cinated in infancy, had had a variolous eruption for two days, which
had been treated, since its commencement, by an allopath, but with-
out any result. A multitude of little pustules of a deep red, formed
granular scales upon the forehead and nose. The patient presented
besides the following symptoms:-General heat and lassitude; thirst,
malaise, sadness, desire to weep; loquacious delirium; intense head-
ache; photophobia; urine scanty and of a deep red; agitation; pulse
hard and frequent. Belladonna calmed the irritation of the skin a
little and the patient suffered less.
April 13th. She took Sarracenia, two drops of the mother tinc-
ture in eight ounces of water, a spoonful every four hours.
14th. The pustules were more developed; the other symptoms
had not changed.
15th.-Forty-eight hours after the first dose of the Sarracenia, the
pocks were large and filled with a milky pus; the patien' quite tran-
quil, opened his eyes, and could endure the light; urine clearer;
marked decrease of the symptoms. Same remedy.
16th. The improvement continues; the pustules on the cheeks
begin to be atrophied: those on the nose and forehead dry up. Con-
tinued.
17th. The fever has ceased. Marked desiccation of all the pus-
tules. Medicine suspended. Soup.
18th. The patient continues to improve all over the body, the
desiccation progresses without itching, or any unpleasant symptom.
22d. The pustules have left no scar upon the face; the patient
has entirely recovered his accustomed good health.
Case 7th. On the 17th of April, I saw Felipe Armengol for the
first time; he was 17 years of age, with a lymphatic, sanguine tem-
perament; he was vaccinated in childhood. He presented the
following symptoms: Intense, frontal headache; thirst; burning
heat; general lassitude; soporous state; mild delirium; deep pain
in the lumbar region; urine scanty and loaded; pulse frequent,
hard and full; disgust for everything; general malaise; injected
eyes, and all the other symptoms of an intense inflammatory fever.
Aconite.
18th. The same symptoms, with increase of delirium and efforts
to quit the bed. Nothing particular regarding the skin. Aconite
and Belladonna, alternately, every hour and a half.
19th.-Diminution of the fever and all the symptoms. Some
spots of a dark red, resembling petechiæ, show themselves upon the
face. Same remedy, but at longer intervals.
954
NEW REMEDIES.
20th. The spots above noted are charged with large variolous
pocks; they are seen alike on all parts of the body. The fever and
the symptoms of the first period have ceased; the face is swollen
and the throat has become sore. Sarracenia 1st, three drops in six
spoonfuls of water; a spoonful every four hours.
21st. The pocks have rapidly increased, in a marked manner; they
are already filled with whitish pus. The patient has no fever; he feels
pretty well; he suffers but little with his throat, at the bottom of
which a few pustules are developed. The same treatment.
22d. Nothing new. The dessication seems inclined to com-
mence with the pustules on the face. Those on other parts of the
body are numerous, well developed, and of a normal appearance. The
same remedy every six hours.
23d.-Third day of treatment.
tules on the face are drying rapidly.
Nothing particular. The pus-
24th. All the pocks are dried up; the patient has some appetite.
Soup. Medicine suspended.
27th. The pustules have disappeared to a great extent. Dis-
missed.
.
'It seems to me that these observations suffice to demonstrate the
powerful action of the Sarracenia purpurea against variola, when it
is once developed. Is it possible to attribute to chance, the fortunate
termination of these cases, and a great number of others, still more
severe, perhaps, which might be adduced? Not at all; for I have
noticed, from my first experiment with the remedy, that it acts with
the same efficacy and promptitude, in patients differing in age, sex
and temperament. In Barcelona, as well as in Sans Sarria, Gracia,
Bodalona, etc., many persons owe their safety to this precious remedy,
and have escaped the indelible cicatrices which variola so often
leaves upon the face."
The Sarracenia seems to act directly upon the cutaneous system,
as is indicated by the development of the pustules, after the first doses
and during the first forty-eight hours, the rapid desiccation of the
pustules and the absence of itching, during the period of suppuration
as well as during that of desiccation.
I have had occasion to observe sometimes, in case of patients
affected with variola in the same degree, that those who had been
treated allopathically, by bleeding, emetic and other remedies which
are habitualiy given during the two first periods, resisted the action of
the Sarracenia more than those who had done nothing, or, who had
only taken some harmless decoction as Scabious, or finally those who
had been treated homeopathically from the outset. With the latter,
there was no doubt about the result; as a general thing, they all re-
covered. Of the first class I have seen some sink under the disease
before the drug could develop its action; their organism being de-
pressed by the destructive power of the disease itself, and by the per-
turbating action of a senseless treatment which prevents nature from
reacting against the variolous agent. However, I may say, that I have
saved many patients who had been previously treated allopathically;
I first modified the state of the patient by dynamised drugs presenting
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
955
a similitude to the symptoms observed, and then administered the
Sarracenia purp., as may be seen from cases 5 and 6.*
Dr. D. J. Easton says: I have treated 27 cases, out of which
but two died, one a child and the other an aged man. In both of
these cases the eruption was beautifully developed, and I certainly
believe that if they had been properly nursed they might have re-
covered. It seems to act as a purifier of the blood, allays the fever,
and lessens the other sufferings which prevail in small pox.
I cer-
tainly think it worthy of notice, and hope others of the profession will
try its efficacy in this loathsome disease.
The Palmer, Mass., Journal states that about 60 cases of small-
pox and varioloid have been treated at the State Alms-house during
the past three months, with but a single fatal result, and that was in
the case of a man who wao taken there in the last stages of the dis-
ease, from a neighboring town, with Sarracenia.
A case of small pox, treated with the Sarracenia purpureat is
reported as follows:
Oct. 31st.-The writer, Mr. Burch, commenced the administra-
tion of the Sarracenia, to Mrs. A., who had several days previously
been attacked with distinct small pox, of very severe type. When
first given "the pustules on the face were so full that although dis-
tinct, a pin's point could scarcely be placed between them. The
secondary fever was very high."
The next day he found the change very great, all the fever had
left, the pustules on the face were half the size and of a dark brown
color, and the skin was to be seen between them, while on the legs
they were entirely depressed and flattened. Many of them curiously
rose again for a day, then flattened and desiccated.
On the 4th of November, they all dried up and fell off. The
patient remarked that she felt better after every dose. It did not
act as a diuretic after the first day, but the tongue rapidly cleaned,
The patient was delirious the first night after taking the decoction.
There were no marks of pitting in any of the cases now related.
Case B.-A lady who lived in the same house with the former
patient, took the the Sarracenia in mild doses, as a prophylactic.
Nov. 11th-The eruption (varioloid) began to appear though in a
very slight form, about 30 or more pustules showing themselves in
different parts, except about the lips, where they were confluent, and
soon became purulent; they desiccated, so that on the 15th she was
quite well.
A nurse in the same house also took the decoction as a preventive
and had variola in a still lighter form, being ill only a few days.
Case D.-Sent for me on Nov. 14th. The varioloid eruption was
begining to appear about the face, etc. It soon became confluent in
many places, but about the body the pustules were distinct.
On the 21st, having given the patient no medicine but the decoc-
*American Homeopathic Observer.
† Med. Investigator-From "Bulletin de la Soc. Med. de France."
+ London Lancet, Dec. 4, 1862, p. 615.
956
NEW REMEDIES.
tion, there were no signs of desiccation or pitting; the pustules were
purulent, but not filled out as they usually are on the eighth day
those on the legs were of a purple color and small. She was
slightly delirious on several nights, but the fever has not been high.
On the 22d, the pustules began to dry up, and on the 27th were
falling off rapidly. There were no signs of pitting. These patients
had been vaccinated.
Mrs. A., was in the 4th month of pregnancy. During the two
two days prior to commencing the Sarracenia, she hardly felt the
child and thought it dead, and she had a slight, bloody discharge.
After taking the decoction two days, she felt the child as strong as
ever. She had been prematurely confined on two previous occasions.
Dr. Taylor, of London, has employed this remedy very extensively
and considers its utility unmistakeable in arresting the progress of
small-pox.
The following formula was employed: Two ounces of
sliced root, three pints of water, boiled in a close vessel down to two
pints, and strained.
The first case was a little girl, six years of age.
She was seen on
the the third day of eruption of primary small-pox, and immediately
began to take the decoction, four ounces per diem, in divided doses,
and in less than 24 hours the mother reported her "better ever since
she began to take the medicine." The eruption was very extensive,
pustules large, and in some places confluent. The case advanced
apparently without interruption until the seventh day, when the pus-
tules began to shrivel, and on the eleventh day the desiccated scales
had nearly all fallen off; no pitting; patient convalescent. Every
succeeding case was treated in the same manner, and with the same
success. Only two patient perished; one an infant, three weeks old,
who took it from its mother, and the other an adult female, who seemed
to sink from pyæmia on the third day of the eruption.
"A
One remarkable fact, however, deserves to be recorded,*
poor woman brought her child, a year and a half old, to my office one
night, with an eruption of small-pox, which had on that day made its
first appearance. I gave her the decoction with directions to give a
dessert spoonful four times a day. On the fourth and eighth days the
visits were repeated, each time speaking in laudatory terms of the effi-
cacy of the medicine. On the eleventh day of the eruption she made her
last visit, making at the same time the following pertinent remarks:
'I have called to thank you, sir, for your great kindness. My child is
now quite well; all the scabs have fallen off, and the skin has not a
blemish on it. That medicine must be very valuable, sir; for a little
girl, the daughter of one of my lodgers, caught the small-pox three
days before mine did, and it has not changed a bit; the pock is all
over the body yet, in great mattery heads, and here is my child with
her skin nearly as clean as when she was born.' I was somewhat in-
credulous as to this perfect clearance of the skin; but in half an hour
she brought the child for my inspection, and the appearance fully
corroborated all she had said. She had not been vaccinated."
* London Lancet, Dec. 5, 1863, page 664.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
957
We find two cases given by Dr. Grant.* One man took it on the
4th day of the eruption, up to which time the disease had progressed
in exactly the ordinary manner, the vesicles containing clear lymph;
but here they were arrested, they never went on to suppuration, and
there was no odor perceptible. Prior to his getting the infusion he
complained much of restlessness and sleepnessness at night, but after
he commenced taking it he slept well.
In case 2d, the patient, aged 25, was a man of full, plethoric habit.
The symptoms were severe and the eruption abundant, quite of the
confluent form on the face; the mouth and fauces were also covered;
delirium was present. The treatment by Sarracenia began on the
fifth or sixth day. Relief was almost instantaneous; he slept soundly
the next night without delirium, and continued rapidly to improve
and soon recovered.
Dr. Bilden (homoeopathist) reports: "Early in the Spring of 1864,
the small pox made its appearance in this vicinity. Fifty-eight cases
came under my treatment, four of which were fatal. More than half
were malignant-confluent, All were treated strictly homœopathically.
The disease had somewhat abated, when I heard for the first time in
my life of the Sarracenia purpurea, as a specific in small pox. I at
once ordered a package of the dried plant, and not knowing how to
prepare or to use the same, I began by careful experiment. First, I
filled a gallon pot full of the crude plant, on which I poured boiling
water, to which it yielded its properties readily. I then put alcohol,
(equal parts). When it had macerated forty-eight hours, I began
using the tincture. Mr. S had two children, a boy of eight and
a girl of ten years of age; confluent pustules, well filled; vaccine
virus had never taken effect. Gave the boy five drops on a lump of
sugar, every two hours. Called several times during the day, to
watch the effect; could discover none; discontinued all other medi-
cines. The next morning, found that the scabbing had commenced,
which was followed by a rapid convalescence. I questioned the boy
from time to time, but could learn nothing satisfactory of his symp-
toms. The girl lingered along, as all the others had done. I began
to feel a strong confidence in my unofficinal tincture; carried an
ounce vial of it continually with me.
D--
Mrs. D——, a young married lady, was taken with violent
headache, nausea; with pain in the loins; had been vaccinated, but
did not think it had taken effect. Commenced by giving one drop of
the tincture every hour, carefully watching the effect. On the
second day, she appeared to be much worse, I began to think the
medicine was aggravating her symptoms, but thought I would con-
tinue it a while longer. On the third day, found an abatement. A
burning rash made its appearance on the skin, which mostly disap-
peared in the course of forty-eight hours, leaving some twenty pus-
tules on her face and neck, which soon filled and scabbed, and she
was well again in a short time.
"I began to use the medicine as a prophylactic. Saccharine, one
ounce; mother tincture, five drops; triturated in a wedgewood mor-
* London Lancet, Feb. 6th, 1864, page 161.
958
NEW REMEDIES.
:(
tar. From this I made the second trituration. Was called to see
many who had the premonitory symptoms; had no more cases of
small pox, although Dr., an allopathist, had quite a number of
cases among his patrons, for several weeks later. Should the
small pox ever make its appearance in this vicinity again, the Sarra-
cenia purpurea will be my Samson," and I shall try to learn the
best method of administering it. In my opinion, it is like Gelsem-
inum, a homœopathic medicine in every sense of the word. What
Gelseminum is in bilious fever, Sarracenia purpurea is in small pox."
The following is the adverse opinion of Dr. James Watson on the
action of Sarracenia purpurea :
The cases occurred in the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. In one of
the small pox wards, under Dr. Haldane's charge, the Sarracenia
purpurea, in infusion, was administered to eight patients, the effect
carefully watched in each, and the result in all was that the disease
ran its natural course. The Sarracenia purpurea was found abso-
lutely inert; it produced no effect whatever. Dr. Watson then
reports one case, which he especially watched, and observes:
this case, it is most certain that the Sarracenia purpurea did not in
the least shrivel or wither up the eruption, nor did it seem to affect
the patient in any way. It has the virtue, which happily many—
unfortunately, not all-new drugs possess, of being perfectly innocu-
ous. So much, and no more can we say in its favor.”*
"In
*The following testimony adverse to the reputed virtues of the
Sarracenia purp., we select from English practice, with the desire of
ascertaining, if possible, where the truth may be found.
"In the autumn of 1862 an epidemic of small-pox broke out in
the city of London, and Dr. Marston (then surgeon of the small-pox
hospital), selected 15 cases which were treated with the Sarracenia.
Those were selected which, from the severity of their symptoms, he
believed would not recover under ordinary treatment.
He says:
The cases were selected on admission in the early stage of the
disease on account of the severe symptoms manifested, and because I
felt it was of no use to try the efficacy of the Sarracenia on mild or
vaccinated cases, which I knew very well would recover under ordi-
nary treatment, suitable diet, etc. I cannot say that the Sarracenia
had any effect whatever. It did not save life, for of the fifteen, all
died. It did not modify the small-pox eruption in the least. It did
not influence any of the secretions, not even to increase the urine;
in only one case did it seem to act on the bowels, and this seeming
effect might have been from other causes. The remedy was adminis-
tered in the form of a decoction, made by simmering an ounce of the
root in a pint and a half of water for four hours, until reduced to a
pint, and a quarter of this given at a dose, twice a day for two days
or more. The liquor Sarracenia was also given in some cases, in
drachm doses, every four or five hours. Two cases were admitted,
who had taken the Sarracenia decoction. The first, a mild case, had
four vaccine cicatrices, which I believe highly modified the discase.
* London Lanccct, Sept. 1863, page 594.
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
959
The second was not vaccinated, was not severely confluent, and was
wholly unmodified. They both recovered. The recovery might, perhaps
by some be attributed to the Sarracenia, but I believe it had nothing
to do with it, as about half our confluent unvaccinated cases recover
under ordinary treatment.
Below is appended an abridged statement of the above mentioned
cases. None of them had been vaccinated except those hereafter
specified.
Case 1.-Woman. Confluent small pox with menorrhagia. Ad-
mitted fourth day of illness, second of eruption. Took one-half pint
of decoction in two doses. Died on the eighth day of illness, fourth
since admission.
Case 2.-Girl. Small pox, malignant. Admitted fourth day of ill-
ness, second of eruption. Took two ounces of decoction every six
hours, until a pint was given. Died seventh day of illness, fifth of
eruption.
Case 3.-Boy. Confluent variety. Admitted fifth day of illness,
second of eruption. Treatment same as case 2. Died on the sixth
day after admission.
Case 4.-Man, 48. Small pox, confluent. Admitted eighth day
of illness, fifth of eruption. Took the decoction in quarter pint doses,
twice a day, until one pint was given Died on the 15th day of
illness.
Confluent variety.
Treatment as
Admitted fifth day of ill-
case 4. One pint given.
Case 5.-Boy 18.
ness, second of eruption.
Died 12th day of illness.
Case 6.-Man 25, Confluent. Admitted fifth day of illness,
third of eruption. Treatment as the last. Died on the thirteenth
day of illness.
Case 7.-Boy, 17. Confluent. Admitted fifth day of illness,
second of eruption. Treatment same as last. Died twenty-second
day of illness.
Case 8.-Boy, 19. Confluent. Admitted fourth day of illness,
second of eruption. Treatment as above. Took two pints. Died
fourteenth day of illness.
Case 9.--Man, 25. Confluent. Vaccinated, in infancy, no cica-
trix. Admitted seventh day of illness, fifth of eruption. Took two
pints as above. Died 11th day of illness.
Case 10.-Man, 33, Confluent. Vaccinated, with small cicatrix.
Admitted 2d day of eruption. Treatment as above. Died ninth day
eruption.
Case 11.-Man, 21. Confluent, unvaccinated. Admitted fourth
day of eruption. Treatment same. Died on thirteenth day of the
eruption.
Case 12.-Confluent. Vaccinated twice without effect. Admit-
ted 6th day of eruption. Took the liquor Sarracenia, in dram doses
every four or five hours, until an ounce and a half were given. Died
eleventh day of eruption.
960
NEW REMEDIES.
Case 13.-Woman, 30. Confluent. Hemorrhagic. Vaccinated, two
indifferent cicatrices. Admitted third day of eruption. Treatment
as case 12. Died seventh day of eruption.
Case 14.-Man, 35. Confluent, unvaccinated. Admitted sixth
day of eruption. Treatment as above. Three-fourths ounce given.
Died 12th day of eruption.
Case 15.-Man, 39. Confluent, unvaccinated. Admitted fourth
day of eruption. Treatment as above. Died tenth day of eruption.
Sleep. After sleep, felt better than usual; sleep very unrefresh-
ing; awoke in a fright; felt decidedly unrefreshed after sleep; slept
well, but was not refreshed thereby.
Sensorium.-Memory poor; spirits buoyant.
Head. Full feeling through the head, just above the ears; dull,
heavy feeling in the forehead for about two hours, causing great de-
pression of spirits; a soreness of the frontal bone for half an hour;
head feels dull and heavy"; head hot and sore, with a full feeling;
brain very dull and memory poor; brain feels clearer; spirits buoy-
ant; continuous headache; head dull and aching at the coronal
region; headache for an hour; headache in the morning; find it dif-
ficult to concentrate my attention upon any subject.
Eyes.-Pain in left eye, as if congested, for about ten minutes.
eyes feel sore and swollen; soreness of right optic nerve, directly
behind the eyeball, for about ten minutes.
Ears. Sticking pains deep in the right ear; transient, but fre-
quently recurring for four hours; the same pains afterwards in the
left ear.
Face.-Face feels flushed.
Mouth.-Lips and mouth parched; mouth somewhat dry; dry-
ness of the mouth and throat not relieved by drink for twelve hours;
tongue dry; tongue coated brownish-white.
Throat.-Dryness of throat.
Stomach.-Appetite poor; but little appetite, but still the food
does not cause distress.
Abdomen.-Feeling at the umbilicus as if bloated, caused by
flatus; borborygmus; much flatus; transient pains in bowels; bor-
borygmus and some pain in the bowels; borborygmus, with frequent
dischar es of flatus.
Stool. The first portion of stool constipated, followed by diarrhoea;
dysenteric-diarrhoea, with a good deal of tenesmus, controlled by a
dose of Podophyllum, followed by constipation; very constipated;
stools; dark colored, and covered with mucus. After constipation,
SARRACENIA PURPUREA.
961
stools, stools dark, soft and highly offensive; stool copious, dark,
foetid, evacuated with great straining; stool at first natural, then
diarrhoeic, with tenesmus.
Urinary Organs.-Urging to urinate, bladder so full that the re-
sistance of the sphincter vesicle was overcome; on the third day, after
taking the half ounce, voided forty ounces of urine; vesical tenes-
mus, urine responds to the test for Phosphates-earthy Phosphates-
and Chloride of Sodium; urine acid, clear and pale; urine copious
and cloudy—this cloud was caused by mucus.
DR. DUNCAN'S SECOND EXPERIMENT.
Amount.
After first 24 hours, 25 ounces.
Next day,
27
Third day, -
• 29
Specific gravity.
1.026
1.024
1.026
In Dr. C. Thomas' first trial the urine ran up to 1.034, then grad-
ually subsided to the natural standard, 1.018. In his second experi-
ment there was but little fluctuation.
Chest.-Slight palpitation of the heart in the morning.
Back. A pain ran up the right trapezius muscle, with a wave-like
motion; heat in the right lumbar region; pain and soreness in
sacrum; pain in back, aggravated by ascending stairs; deep-seated
pain in back; pain in the angles of the ribs for half an hour; warm
sensation passed up the back into the head.
Upper Extremities.-Slight soreness of the pectoralis major from
origin to insertion; pain in right shoulder joint; pain in left carpus;
pains in the arms; aching, sore pain in the left humerus; hands feel
hot; hands and feet cold; tired feeling in arms and back; soreness
of all the bones of upper and lower extremities; coldness of the
extremities when still, as if from deficient circulation.
Lower Extremities.-Pain, with wave-like motion in muscles of
the femur; strange lameness in the femur, lower third, particularly in
inner condyle; bone pains in tibia and fibula, intermittent, with con-
tinued soreness; pain in left tarsus; knees very weak; pain in the
hip-joints, especially when rising up from a lying posture; pain in
the condyles of femur; pain in in right patella and right meta-tarsal
bones.
62
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA.
(Scull-Cap.)
ANALOGUES.-Ambra grisea; Asafoetida; Chamomilla;
Cocoa; Coffea; Codeine; Cimicifuga; Cypripedium; Eupatorium
aromaticum; Ignatia; Senecio; Thea; Valerian; Zincum.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Scutellaria lateriflora has a small
fibrous perennial root, with an erect, very branching, diffuse, quadran-
gular, nearly glabrous stem, from one to three feet in height; the
branches are opposite. The leaves are on petioles about an inch long,
opposite, thin, entire, nearly membranous, subcordate on the stem,
ovate on the branches, acuminate or acute, coarsely serrate and slightly
rugose. The flowers are small, of a pale blue color, and are disposed
in long, lateral, axillary racemes, with ovate, acute, entire, subsessile,
distichous bracts, each flower axillary to a bract, and pedunculated.
The calyx has an entire margin, which, after the corolla has fallen,
closed with a helmet-shaped lid. The tube of the corolla about a
quarter of an inch long, the upper lip concave and entire, the lower
three-lobed. Seeds, four in the closed calyx, oval, verrucose.
Scull-cap is an indigenous herb, growing in damp places, meadows,
ditches, and by the sides of ponds, flowering in July and August. It
is known by the names of Blue scull-cap, Side-flowering scull-cap,
Mad-dog weed and Woodwort. The whole plant is officinal; it should
be gathered while in flower, dried in the shade, and kept in well-
closed tin vessels. It is inodorous, but has a bitterish taste; alcohol
or boiling water extracts its properties, Scull-cap is said to contain
an essential oil; a fixed oil, yellowish-green, and soluble in ether, a
bitter principle, soluble in water, alcohol, or ether; chlorophyll, a
peculiar volatile matter; albumen, a sweet mucous substance; a
peculiar astringent principle; lignin, Chloride of Soda, and other
salts.
Scutellarin, the concentrated preparation, is of a light greenish-
brown color, with a faint tea-like odor, and a peculiar, herbaceous,
somewhat gritty, resinous, tea-like taste, is insoluble in water, par-
tially soluble in alcohol, and more so in ether.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tinctures from the whole plant; their
dilutions and tincture-triturations, Scutellarin and its triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant is, in the domestic practice of
this country, what Valerian is in the domestic practice of Europe.
Its calming or stimulating effects on the nervous system have been
known ever since the settlement of New England. In the original
botanic school, it held a very high place as a remedial agent. Dr.
Beach has published many cases cured with its use. Rafinesque
quotes Barton, and many eminent physicians of his day, who extoll
it highly in all diseases of the nervous system.
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA.
963
1
"Scull-cap is said to be tonic, nervine and antispasmodic. This
is one of those valuable agents which a certain class of physicians
consider inert; yet it has proved especially useful in chorea, convul-
sions, tremors, intermittent fever, neuralgia and all nervous affections.
In delirium tremens, an infusion drank freely will soon produce a
calm sleep. Where teething has impaired the health of children, an
infusion may be given with advantage. The Scutellaria is one of our
most valuable nervines and tonics, and is especially useful in cases of
depression of the nervous and vital powers after long sickness, over-
excrcise, excessive study, or from long continued and exhausting labors.
One grain will frequently produce its quiet and soothing effect, con-
trolling nervous agitation, and inducing a sensation of calmness and
strength."*
Dr.
We
Dr. Scuddert has a high estimate of its powers: "It has been
found remarkably efficacious in chorea or St. Vitus' dance.
Beach states that he has cured a great number of cases with it.
have used it in several instances with apparent benefit. In cases of
great nervous excitement, with severe tremors, also in attacks of
delirium tremens, it has in several cases afforded prompt relief."
It has been extolled in many of the nervous and spasmodic affec.
tions so very common among women. It has attracted much atten-
tion in hydrophobia, and at one time it enjoyed a high reputation in
the treatment of that formidable disease, although the same reliance
is not placed on it that was some years ago; still, it is resorted to,
both as a prophylactic and curative agent, in cases of canine mad-
ness, Testimony is not wanting to establish the fact that many per-
sons have been bitten by rabid animals, and avoided the development
of the disease by the free use of Scutellaria; while others, bitten at
the same time, by the same animal, became hydrophobic. So many
circumstances may concur to prevent the inception of the canine
virus at the time of the bite-as the interference of clothes, or the
speedy removal of it from the parts bitten, and thus preventing it
from being absorbed that we must view many of the cases said to
have been cured by the exhibition of this article, as highly equivo-
cal. "A physician bitten by a mad dog, has assured me," says
Rafinesque, "that himself, alone, had avoided the disease by using it,
while others bitten by the same dog, died."
Dr. Vandesveer, who is said to have introduced it to the notice of
the profession in 1772, or rather, to have discovered its prophylac-
tive powers against hydrophobia, is said to have prevented 400 per-
sons, and 1000 cattle from becoming hydrophobic; and his son is
said to have relieved or cured 40 persons who had been bitten, by
the use of the same agent. These favorable reports of its efficacy
are strongly questioned, and even denied by eminent physicians,
while many of the botanic school report very favorably of its efficacy
in that disease. It would seem that there ought to be some grains of
truth among so much testimony. My observations have not fallen
* King's Dispensatory.
† Jones & Scudder's Materia Medica.
964
NEW REMEDIES.
upon any such cases; but in one patient to whom I gave the Scutel-
laria, first decimal, for a nervous affection, its administration was
always followed by the symptom--" spasmodic or constrictive closing
of the jaws, and a tightness of the muscles of the face. A proving
might elicit symptoms which would account for its efficacy in hydro-
phobic conditions. I have used it successfully in several cases of
tremors, and twitchings of the limbs, in typhoid fever; also in mild
form of hysteric spasms, and nervous irritation in pregnant females,
etc., etc.
For my estimate of the general therapeutic and pathogenetic
effects of this plant, I would refer the reader to my notice of the
Cypripedium pubescens; not that I consider these two remedies as
possessing identical properties, but they are such close analogues,
and affect the system in such a similar manner generally, that many
of my remarks applied to Cypripedium, will be applicable to Scutel-
laria. I have used the latter in diseases of children, and affections
of the nervous system, similar to those in which I recommended the
former, and with like good results. That a careful proving would
el cit different symptoms, I do not doubt. If I were to attempt a
differential estimate of the two remedies, I should say that the Scutel.
laria affected the spinal cord more, and the brain less than the Cypri-
pedium. I believe this statement will be verified by experience and
observation.
Professor Paine* remarks of Scutellaria as follows: "It appears
to manifest itself more particularly upon the gray nerve tissue, and
hence it is adapted to, and exerts a wonderful power in most of the
difficulties which originate in a pathological condition of this structure.
All forms of chorea are promptly relieved by the proper use of this
drug; in fact, it may be correctly pronounced a specific for these
affections. I have tested it in every form of this affection, and if
used persistently aud judiciously in combination with such adjunct
remedies as the constitution may indicate, it manifests a most won-
derful power. It is of great virtue in fevers, and other affections
where the gray nerve tissue has undergone partial degeneration and
disintegration, or where the nerve force is impaired by this peculiar
pathological change. Thus in subultus tendinum, following fevers, in
delirium tremens, and other spasmodic affections, as epilepsy, cata-
lepsy, hysteria, etc., this remedy, combined with iron, is of vast im-
portance. It is of great value as a tonic to the nervous system, where
there is a general nervous debility, either from uterine disease or
other constant irritations of the nervous system. I have used this
remedy extensively in all female diseases, hepatic difficulties, and
other chronic affections that influence the nervous system, and by
uniting it with iron, have found it to afford most prompt relief.
method of administering it in the low forms of fevers, is to compound
one or two grains with one grain of hypophosphite of soda, and give a
powder four or five times a day. In hysteria, epilepsy, catalepsy,
and other spasmodic affections of that class, I give it in stronger doses.
Paine's New School Medicines.
My
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA.
965
I have cured some most obstinate cases of epilepsy by giving four or
five grains, with equal parts of carbonate of iron, every two or three
hours during the day, followed by occasional purges. Some most
remarkable cases of hysteria have promptly yielded to two grains of
Scutellarin, administered three or four times a day in combination
with chalybeates. In chorea, one grain combined with one or two
of the carbonate of iron, every two or three hours, baths, friction and
well regulated diet, most promptly relieves, and where it is judiciously
administered, results in a permanent cure. This remedy has also
been used to allay general nervous irritability; and I have frequently
prescribed, where there is a want of sleep or restlessness manifested
on the part of the patient, one or two grains of Scutellariu at bed-
time, with one or two grains of the prussiate of iron, and have found
it to manifest quite as soothing an influence as opium or morphine."
Dr. Coe* says:
"We have found the Scutellarin a remedy of
great value in the treatment of coup de soliel or sunstroke, particularly
when the case has become chronic. We have met with entire success
in many of these cases by the use of Scutellarin and Podophyllin In
the treatment of epileptic convulsions, as soon as we have secured a
remission of the attacks by means of Gelsemin, we employ the Scutel-
larin with the Gelsemin as a radical remedy. We have used Scutel-
larin with benefit in threatened trismus, tetanic cramps, and other
spasmodic disorders."
Since the appearance of the first edition of this work, I have used
this medicíne quite extensively in diseases of children when there
was sympathetic or idiopathic irritation of the nerve-centres. In
some instances it failed to manifest prompt curative effects; in others
it ameliorated symptoms which Coffea did not reach.
I am disappointed in not receiving any clinical testimony from
the members of our profession relative to its use. This may be owing
to the absence of a proving, and to the fact that our school are averse
to using a medicine empirically. I believe it to be better to do so,
however, than to use Chamomilla, Coffea and Belladonna, in a care-
less, routine manner, for these nervous affections of children and
adults.
PROVING OF F. W. GORDON, M. D.
Member of the North-western Provers' Association.
Am twenty-eight years of age, possessed of good constitution;
sanguine temperament; temperate habits, having always abstained
from the use of intoxicating liquors; (and from the use of medicine,
except to a véry slight extent;) thereby rendering the system much
more susceptible to the influence of drugs. Take my meals at regular
hours, three times a day; also, free exercise in the open air daily
such as walking, riding, etc.; hours of sleep quite regular, occupying
about eight hours in the twenty-four; health, for many months past,
* Concentrated Medicines.
966
NEW REMEDIES.
has been good; sleep, sound and undisturbed.
demic at present prevailing in the vicinity.
No epidemic or en-
On the 21st of November, 1865, at 12 o'clock, (noon,) took gtt. x.
of Scutellaria lateriflora, mother tincture. At 6 o'clock P. M., and at
9 o'clock P. M., took each time the same quantity. On the 22d in-
creased the dose one drop, taking it regularly before each meal, and
at bed-time. During the night sleep was somewhat disturbed by
frightful dreams. Arose next morning feeling a little stupid, and
with a slight dull headache. Continued the medicine as on the pre-
vious days, increasing the dose to gtt. xii. The headache passed away
soon after eating breakfast. Felt no further inconvenience during
the rest of the day. Slept quite soundly through the night, with
the exception of slight restlessness.
On the 24th, increased the dose to gtt. xiii., and continued as
before. No symptoms worthy of note were evolved during the
day. Increased restlessness came on again at night, followed by
frightful dreams, occasionally interrupted by "sudden wakefulness."
Arose on the morning of the 25th, feeling as well as usual.
Still continued the medicine, having increased the dose to
fourteen drops. No particular inconvenience was experienced
during the day, except an inclination to be inactive, and indisposition
to study. Sleep quite sound and undisturbed until late in the morn-
ing of the 26th, when I awoke with a severe headache, similar to
the one previously spoken of, but much more severe. Feeling of
great fullness and oppression about the head, a sensation as if the
entire contents of the cranium were confined within a place too small.
The eyes feel as if protruding from the orbits, also a slight feeling of
chilliness, especially on getting up. Renewed the medicine, taking
this time gtt. xv. Appetite impaired but slightly. Bowels continued
regular. Soon after eating breakfast was seized with vertigo, which,
however, did not last long. The headache continued all day, sub-
siding a little at times. The pulse, which has remained normal up
to the present time, viz: 70 to 72 per minute, appears first full and
bounding, then gradually becoming weaker, and occasionally inter-
mitting a number of beats per minute, at 7 o'clock P. M., 64. (Have
noticed occasional intermitting, during previous attacks) Omit-
ted to take the medicine at tea-time. Renewed it again on going
to bed. Sleep was but little disturbed, the headache having become
greatly ameliorated. Arose next morning with the same feeling of
stupor as mentioned heretofore. Increased the dose to gtt. xvi, taking
it before each meal and at bed-time. Headache much less severe
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA.
967
than on the previous day. Considerable inability is experienced in
attempting to confine the attention to study. Sharp pains were occa-
sionally felt in the lumbar region, seeming to proceed mostly from the
region of the left kidney. Secretion of urine rather scanty, although
having the normal appearance, without subjecting it to further test;
pulse more natural than on the preceding day.
On the 28th, the medicine was discontinued. The symptoms
gradually passed away, and up to December 4th, no return of them
whatever had been experienced.
I then renewed the proving, using the same strength as before, tak-
ing 50 drops before cach meal; weather cool and pleasant; no distur-
bance of sleep during the past five days; appetite good; bowels
regular; urine normal, so far as could be observed; pulse regular ;
no effect was observed until the evening after taking the third dose,
at which time a marked change in the pulse took place, the average
number of beats per minute would scarcely exceed the 'normal
standard, but were exceedingly variable, (as mentioned in first trial)
being at one moment strong and full, then gradually diminishing until
it became exceedingly soft and thread-like. No such headache was
experienced as accompanied the former symptoms, but a strong desire
to be moving about; could not confine my attention upon any single
object; occasionally a slight tremulousness and considerable twitch-
ing of the muscles in different parts of the body; during the night
the same symptoms returned, as in the former trial, viz., troublesome
and frightful dreams, frequent and sudden starting from sleep, in-
creased restlessness; arose next morning with dull headache, chiefly
confined to the frontal region; also, a feeling of languor. The
medicine being again discontinued the symptoms soon passed away.
On the 8th of Dec., a third trial was commenced; took 30. drops
before each meal; weather still cool and pleasant. Before getting
up next morning, was seized with hemicrania, the pain being most
severe over the right eye; was relieved by moving about in the open
air. Continued the medicine without any apparent effect during the
day; towards evening some degree of restlessness was experienced;
the mind becomes confused on attempting to study; at 10 o'clock P.M.,
the pulse is reduced to 64 per minute; occasional twitching of the
muscles of the arms and legs; no particular disturbance during
sleep.
Arose next morning feeling quite well; pulse 68; continued the
medicine; no new symptoms were presented during the day. Soon
after taking the last dose in the evening, slight oppression was felt
938
NEW REMEDIES.
about the chest, and occasionally a sticking pain in the region of the
heart. After 12 o'clock (midnight) slept soundly.
Next day, Dec. 11th, felt considerable uneasiness, with twitch-
ing of the muscles, and sticking pains in various parts of the body,
occasionally extending up along each side of the forehead. Towards
evening a dull, oppressive feeling came ou, with flushed countenance,
and a sensation of throbbing about the heart. Pulse strong and full,
but occasionally intermitting. Felt somewhat relieved before going
to bed. Slept quite soundly during the night. On the morning of
the 12th, soon after taking the medicine, the pulse was observed to
be but 54 per minute; half an hour later it arose to 64 per minute,
without exercise or change of position. A dull pain is felt extend-
ing vertically beneath the sternum. On attempting to urinate, slight
difficulty is experienced, as if a partial paralysis of the muscles of
the urethra had taken place. A dull headache is felt most of the
time, while attempting to fix the attention upon small objects; was
seized with slight vertigo and photophobia. Headache is increased
with feeling of great fullness; eyes feel as if pressed from within
outwards. Bowels regular, with very white stools. At six o'clock
P. M., pulse 52 and intermitting. The medicine was then discontin-
ued. Rested quite well through the night, but arose next morning,
with feeling of languor. Soon after commencing to study, was again
attacked with dull oppressive headache. Pupils somewhat dilated.
Pulse considerably increased and beating rapidly.
On the 14th the symptoms had all disappeared.
Remarks on the proving. The proving above shows conclusively
that the Scutellaria is by no means an inert or feeble plant. It evi-
dently caused considerable derangement in the central nervous
system.
We note several important symptoms evolved, which seem to
substantiate its alleged use, and prove it to be homoeopathic to the
symptoms for which it has been especially used.
(1.) The nightly restlessness; sudden wakefulness; frightful
dreams.
(2.) The headache, one form of which, while it was apparently
congestive, was probably nervous derangement. It resembles very
much the cephalalgia of Cimicifuga.
(3.) The irregular action of the heart is due probably to derange-
ment of the cardiac plexus. In the cerebral diseases of infancy, this
irregularity is often noticed. It may prove useful in angina pectoris.
(4.) The tremulousness and twitching of the muscles, show it
homoeopathic to chorea and nervous jactitations.
SENECIO AUREUS.
(Life-Root.)
ANALOGUES.-Aralia, Asarum, Asclepias incarnata, Cannabis,
Caulophyllum,Copaiva, Calcarea carbonica, Cimicifuga, Cypripedium,
Crocus,(?) Dulcamura, Erigeron, Erechthites. Eupatorium aromaticum,
Gossipium, Ignatia, Hedeoma, Helonias, Mitchella, Platinum (?)
Polygonum, Nux moschata, Pulsatilla, Sanguinaria, Scutellaria,
Sepia, Sticta, Trillium.
*
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is known by several other
names, as Ragwort, False Valerian, Golden Senecio, Squaw-weed,
and Female Regulator. It was known to the Indians as "Uncum,"
the meaning of which I have been unable to ascertain.
It has an erect, smoothish, striate stem, one or two feet high, flo-
cose-woolly when young, simple or branched above, terminating in a
kind of umbellate, simple or compound corymb. The radical leaves
are simple and rounded, the larger mostly cordate, crenate-serrate,
and long-petioled; the lower cauline leaves, lyre-shaped; the upper
ones, few, slender, cut-pinnatifid, dentate, sessile or partly clasping
the terminal segments, lanceolate; peduncles sub-umbellate, and thick
upwards; corymbs, umbel-like. Rays from eight to twelve, four or
five lines long, spreading. Flowers golden yellow. Scales linear,
acute, and purplish at the apex.
[It may be a matter of surprise that I have made the Senecio
aureus the officinal species to the exclusion of the Senecio gracilis, so
much written about in the eclectic school, and which was mentioned
in the first edition of this work. I have not made this change with-
out careful investigation, and due deliberation.
(1.) All the recent authorities on botany make seven species of
the genus Senecio. Senecio aureus is said to have four varieties,
namely:
(a) Balsamite.-Stem and peduncles yellow at base; the leaves
few, small and distant, pubescent; the radical ones oblong, spatulate,
or lanceolate, sometimes cut-toothed, tapering into the petiole; cau-
line ones lyrate, or pinnatifid; flowers sub-umbellate, growing in pas-
tures and on rocky hills.
(b.) Gracilis-Stem slender; radical leaves, orbicular, on long
petioles, subcordate, crenate; cauline ones very few, remote, linear-
oblong, dilated at the base, incisely dentate; peduncles very short,
pilose, subumbelled, involucre, smooth; rays few, very short. "A
slender state of the species found on rocky shores."
(c) Obovatus-Radical leaves, obovate, crenate-serrate, petioled;
cauline ones pinnatifid, toothed. Flowers, subumbelled, long pedun-
cled, bracted, with a cavity under the receptacle, like some others of
the genus. Stem somewhat glabrous; found in meadows.
(d) Lanceolatus-Radical leaves, lanceolate, acute; cauline lance-
olate, pinnatifid at base; found in shady cedar swamps, in Vermont.
970
NEW REMEDIES.
I
Any one who will compare these varieties will see how trifling is
the differences which designate them. The Senecio gracilis is said
to be a "slender state of the species growing on rocky shores." Does
any physician or pharmaceutist suppose that the great quantity of tinc-
ture of Senecio, or Senecin, manufactured and sold is made from this
"slender state of the species growing on rocky shores."
The sup-
position is simply absurd. This variety must be rare and scarce.
cannot find an authenticated specimen in the herbarium of my bo-
tanical acquaintances. I have examined the packages of dried plants.
marked "Senecio gracilis," in many drug shops in Chicago, and have
as yet failed to find a single specimen of the variety! The dried
plants for sale are made of the S. aureus, S. obovatus and S. balsamite.
I am surprised to find that King, in his Dispensatory, should assert
that the Senecin is prepared from the root and herb of the Senecio
gracilis." He ought to know that the herbs used by manufacturers
under the name Senecio, are composed of several of the varieties and
species above mentioned. Homœopathic pharmaceutists have no
proof that the tincture they offer as "S. gracilis" is made from that
variety. Plant gatherers are not supposed to distinguish between
species or varieties.
"
In view of all these facts, it is time we cease to speak of the S.
aureus, and S. gracilis as distinct remedies. We should designate the
medicine we use as Senecio aureus, and do away with the "distinction
without a difference."
I shall, therefore, place the Medical History, pathogenetic effects,
and clinical results, obtained from the Senecio, all under one heading,
as they are, in fact, identical, or may properly be so considered.]
HISTORY. This is an indigenous, perennial plant, growing on the
banks of creeks and on low marshy grounds throughout the Northern
and Western parts of the Union, flowering in May and June. The
root and herb are the officinal parts, and it yields its properties to
water and alcohol. The root grows just below the surface of the
ground and runs horizontally; it is from half an inch to six or eight
inches in length, and about two lines in diameter, reddish or purplish
externally, and white-purplish internally, with an aromatic taste, and
'having scattered fibres. When dried and mixed with the herb, it is
found of various lengths, from one fourth of an inch to an inch or two ;
greenish-brown or yellowish-brown externally, with very fine longitu-
dinal lines, a few fibres attached, short fracture, presenting under the
microscope, a shining, waxy surface, with a central, pale, purple sub-
stance, surrounded by a greenish-yellow one, with a light yellowish ring
between the two. It is inodorous, and has a,faintly bitter, herbaceous,
peculiar, resinous taste, with a very slight degree of pungency.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions; tincture-tritura-
tions. Senecin; triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant has always been a favorite domes-
tic remedy in this country. It is popularly known by two names,
which express fully the belief of the people in its alleged virtues,
namely female regulator, and false valerian.
SENECIO AUREUS.
971
It has not been used much in allopathic practice, that school pre-
ferring to import less valuable plants from the old world, rather than
use indigenous remedies.
Eclectics have always considered it one of the most valuable
remedies in use.
In the first edition of this work, no proving appeared, but it has
since been experimented with by Drs. Hull, Jones, and several per-
sons not physicians.
Fragmentary provings appeared in an article on Senecio aureus,
by Prof. A. E. Small, in the United States Medical and Surgical
Journal, 1866.
DR. HULL'S PROVING.
Not being able to procure the fresh herb in the proper season, SO
as to prepare a tincture from this, in place thereof the dried herb was
substituted, in the proportion of 1 oz. to 20 oz., by weight, of diluted
alcohol, and left to macerate for two weeks, and then decanted and
filtered through paper. An attempt was made to institute a proving
with this tincture.
Forty drops were administered, early in the morning, to a young
man aged 22 years, of nervo-bilious temperament, and of active habits.
But little effect was perceived until after a repetition of the dose at
noon, which was followed by chilliness and heat, particularly towards
evening. Heat of the forehead, dryness of the nostrils, dull, stupefy-
ing headache, and inclination to sneeze.
In the evening, perspiration upon the forehead, and lubrication
of the nostrils, dryness of the mouth and fauces; the lips hot, and a
feverish breath; dry tongue and slightly coated; uneasiness about
the stomach, nausea, loss of appetite; rumbling of wind in the abdo-
men, sensation as if the bowels would move.
Dose repeated at bed-time, followed by restlessness and vigilance,
and pain in the back and loins; copious diarrhoea in the morning,
attended with great debility and prostration; severe pain in the small
of the back; copious flow of urine; bloody urine; urging to urinate;
tenesmus of the bladder.
After the repetition of the dose in the morning-the face was
pale, the countenance appeared depressed, and the respiration as if
greatly fatigued; disposition to lie down, great weariness and general
malaise; disposition to perspire; easily chilled; chilliness, followed
by urging to urinate; urine tinged with blood; weariness of the
lower extremities; rheumatic pains in the joints.
972
NEW REMEDIES.
FRAGMENTARY PROVING BY PROF. A. E. SMALL.
Took 60 drops of the tincture in the morning. Noticed no
effects until afternoon. Dose repeated. No effects at bed-time. Dose
repeated on retiring. Restless before midnight; uncomfortable full-
ness of the head; urinated several times during the night; copious
warm perspiration towards morning; dryness of the mouth and throat;
urine void of sediment and inodorous. Dose repeated in the morning.
Chilliness before noon, followed by fever and perspiration, attended
with moderate thirst; nausea and weariness, which continued for
several hours; slight urging to urinate; uncomfortable heat in the
neck of the bladder; slight pains in the region of the kidneys;
bowels not affected, passed urine frequently for twenty-four hours.
PROVING BY DR. W. G. JONES.*
November 25.-Having procured some of the mother tincture
of Senecio aureus, I commenced proving it. Took 10 drops just before
going to bed.
November 26.-Took four doses of 10 drops each, a dose about
an hour before each meal, and before going to bed. No symptoms.
November 27.-Lascivious dreams, with an emission, Smarting
pain in the left inguinal region. Dose same as yesterday.
November 28.-Urine less in quantity than usual. Dose same as
before.
November 29. Urine scanty. Dose same as before.
November 30.-Colic and diarrhoea in the evening. Stool of a
thin watery character. Dose as before, until evening, when I took a
teaspoonful.
December 1.-Took a teaspoonful in the morning and at noon.
Griping, colic-like pain, relieved by a thin, watery stool, in the even-
ing and at night. Feverish in the afternoon.
December 2.-Took no medicine to-day. Colic and diarrhoea,
with fever in the afternoon. Stools thin and watery. I had a
catarrh when beginning to prove this drug, which is now entirely
cured.
December 4.-Commenced taking the medicine again at noon.
Dose ten drops before each meal and before going to bed at night.
Colic, pain relieved by a thin watery stool. Symptoms generally
worse in the afternoon.
December 5.-Sense of fullness in the nostril. Sharp pain in
* Presented to the Faculty of Hahnemann Medical College, as a graduating Thesis, from the
class of '65, and '66.
SENECIO AUREUS.
973
the diaphragm; pain in a carious molar tooth. Thin, watery stools,
containing hard lumps. Cutting, colic-like pain in the umbilical
region. Frequent discharge of flatus. Flatulence. Home-sickness.
Sometimes elated-sometimes depressed. Lascivious dreams, with
pollution. Dose same as before.
December 6.-Dull, heavy pain in the left spermatic cord,―mov-
ing along the cord to the testicle. Sense of fullness in the nostrils.
Colic. Stool of a watery character. Flatulence. Frequent discharge
of flatus. Many vivid dreams, showing an active memory. Frequent
waking during the night. Dose 15 drops before each meal and before
going to bed.
December 7.-Colic, mostly in the region of the umbilicus. Dis-
charge of flatus: Tenderness in front of the left ear. About the
middle of the afternoon, lasting about an hour, sensation as if a ball
was in the stomach, rising up into the throat. Dose the same as yes-
terday.
December 8.-Sharp, lancinating pain in the lumbar regions.
Dizziness, coming on suddenly while walking the street, so sudden
that I came near falling on my face, feeling like a wave from the
occiput to the sinciput. Frequent yawning and shivering in the fore-
noon. Urine excessive. Excessive secretion of mucus in the nos-
trils and bronchi, Frequent hawking of white, transparent mucus.
Darting, lancinating pain in the left side of the face. Nausea. Las-
civious dreams. Frequent waking from sleep at night. Drowsi-
ness all day. Sometimes very sad, sometimes highly elated. Pros-
tate gland enlarged, feels hard and swollen to the touch. During
the day took five doses of 25 drops each. For the past few days I
have often felt very tired, almost too tired to move, for a few minutes
at a time.
December 9.-Stool containing blood. Painful tenesmus. Teeth
very tender. Took 100 drops at three doses.
December 10.-Teeth tender. Giddiness, feeling like a wave
from the occiput to the sinciput. Vivid dreams, showing an uncom-
mon activity of memory. Lascivious dreams. Took no medicine
to-day.
December 16.-Teeth still tender. Giddiness and nausea until
to-day. Took no medicine since December the 9th. Cuticle dry
and the nails very brittle, soon after I commenced my proving.
December 24.-Took 30 drops at three doses, a dose in the morn-
ing, at noon, and at night. Abundant secretion of transparent mucus
974
NEW REMEDIES.
in the nostrils and trachea. Frequent hawking of white, transparent
Great lassitude in the evening.
mucus.
Dec. 25.-Catarrh. Flatulent colic. Chilliness and sensitive-
ness to cold air.
Homesick. In very good spirits. Dose the same
as yesterday.
December 26. Catarrh.
air. Sad most of the day.
Flatulent colic. Very sensitive to cool
Great languor. Giddiness. Thirsty.
Feverish. Dose the same as yesterday.
Dec. 27.—Pain in the forehead, shooting from within, outward,
Increased flow of urine. Sad. Nervous trembling. Catarrh. Las-
situde. Stitches in the left hypochondriac region. Stitches in both
hypochondriac regions. Vivid dreams. Restless sleep; lascivious
dreams. Dose, ten drops before each meal and before going to bed.
December 28.-Trembling. Sensitiveness 'to cold in the open
air. Giddiness. Catarrh, affects the trachea, bronchi, nostrils and
eyes. Unquiet sleep. Many dreams. Dose same as yesterday.
December 30.-Evening-weather moderate, clear, wind from the
south. Health good. Took a teaspoonful about ten o'clock, and
immediately retired.
December 31.-Last night-many dreams, mostly of an intellec-
tual character, and about different events of my life, showing an
uncommon activity of memory, and of the intellectual faculties gen-
erally.
Morning, on rising, nausea and yawning. Smarting pain in the
urethra about the fossa navicularis, before urinating. About an hour
before breakfast took a teaspoonful of the remedy. Hoarse, but the
trachea and bronchi seem to
be clear. Sense of fullness in the nos-
trils. Sensitive to cool air. Slight dizziness, At noon took a tea-
spoonful dose of the drug. 2 o'clock P. M., just before dinner. Sense
of fullness in the nostrils, but no mucus. Sense of smell acute.
Lips and gums pale Dull pain in left lumbar region. Sharp pain
in the epigastrium. About 4 o'clock P. M., sharp pain in the neigh-
borhood of the sciatic nerve, shooting down the thigh, lasted for a few
minutes only. Urine about 24 ounces, and high colored. Took three
teaspoonful doses to-day, one in the morning, one at noon, and one at
night, before going to-bed. Weather, moderate; day, cloudy; night,
clear.
January 1.—Dreams indistinct, Dizziness coming on in the open
air. Nausea on rising. Fæces in hard lumps, mixed with mucus of
a yellow color. Headache in the neighborhood of the temples, pain
seems to be pressing outward. Took a teaspoonful dose, in the morn-
SENECIO AUREUS.
975
ing and at night. Urine about 20 ounces and high colored. Weather
clear and cold.
January 2.—Before breakfast, pain in the abdomen, seems to have
a center about the umbilicus, and spreads out in all directions-
relieved by a stool. Fæces seem to be natural. About noon, before
dinner, sharp stitches moving from one part to another, in both ingui-
nal regions, lower jaw, right shoulder, left shoulder, forearms and the
temples, lasting about an hour. Sensation of tightness in the throat,
with a disposition to attempt to relieve it by swallowing. Occasional
nausea. Occasional giddiness. Yawning. Sensitive to cold air.
About the middle of the afternoon, sensation as of a ball in the
stomach, rising into the throat; lasting for a few minutes only.
Stitches in different parts of the body, in the right and left foot, back
of the neck, left and right arm, and the forehead. Evening, in a very
meditative mood-very serious-disposition to think of the past,
and future. Gloomy. Occasional eructations of air. Sharp pain in
the left eye, shooting from within outward. Flow of tears on going
into the open air. General lassitude. Thirsty in the evening. Uri-
nated three times to-day, in all about 20 ounces of high colored
urine. Drinking much cold water. Weather, cold; morning, clear;
afternoon, cloudy.
Jan 3. Restless sleep. Frequent waking during the night,
waking so imperceptible that, without an effort, I could not tell
whether I had been asleep or not, and, sometimes not even then.
Many dreams, about ships and cargos, wagons and teams, writing,
fighting and break-neck adventures, always coming off lucky. Morn-
ing on rising, yawning and feeling of tightness in the nose.
Colic,
griping, relieved by bending over forward. Occasional giddiness
through the day. Yawning and inclination to stretch. Griping pain
in the bowels, in the evening, mostly in the region of the umbilicus.
Sharp, lancinating pain in different parts of the body, occasionally
through the day, in the arm, legs, feet, chest, and face. Morning,
stool a little thinner than usual, composed entirely of fæces, as far as
I can judge from its appearance. In the evening, after supper, thin,
dark-colored stool, with much straining. To-day, voided about eight
ounces of high colored urine. Inability to fix the mind on any one
object for any length of time. Sad and desponding in the evening.
Weather cold; clear most of the day.
January 4.-Slept last night better than the night before, but
sleep is still restless and uneasy; many dreams, about the events of
the day mostly. Sneezing, and sense of fullness in the nostrils,
976
NEW REMEDIES.
relieved after a while by a copious flow of mucus. Occasionally
during the day, sharp lancinating pain in the right shoulder, left heel,
and in the right side of the face. Afternoon, pain of a griping char-
acter in the bowels. Nausea. Giddiness. Head feels very light.
Frequent hawking of tough, white, transparent mucus; secretion of
mucus in the nose and trachea. Colic. Stool thin, of a dark color.
Urine about 12 ounces, specific gravity 1.035, and high colored.
Great languor. Feel very tired in the lumbar region. Thirst in the
afternoon and evening. Weather very cold.
January 5.-Last night, many dreams about every day occurren-
ces. Eructations of sour gas. Took ten drops of the remedy, diluted
in water, soon after rising. Feel very tired in the lumbar regions.
Pain in the anterior part of the head, feeling as if it was pressing
outward. Sour eructations. Last night, many pleasant dreams.
Sharp sticking pain in the left shoulder; sharp, sticking pain in both
eyes and in the forehead, shooting from within outward. Giddiness,
a sensation as if the brain was pressing forward so strong, that it
feels like hard work to stand up. Frequent hawking of tough, white,
transparent mucus. Voided 12 ounces of high colored urine, specific
gravity 1.030. Weather moderate.
January 7.-Nausea on rising. Griping pain in the lower part of
the abdomen. Secretion of much white, transparent mucus in the
nostrils and trachea. Frequent hawking. One thin, watery stool,
with much tencgmus. Lassitude; sad; mind confused. Giddiness
in the open air. Voided 10 ounces of high colored urine; specific
gravity 1.038. Weather cold; wind from the N. W.
January 8.—Nausea. Eructations of sour gas. Feel very tired;
slept very well; many dreams of an intellectual character. Sharp,
cutting pain inside of the left angle of the lower jaw. Sharp
cutting pain in the coronary region. Sharp cutting pain
in the frontal region, over the eyes. Griping pain in the lower
part of the abdomen. Urinated about 10 ounces during the day;
in the morning, specific gravity 1.040; evening, specific gravity,
1.030. General lassitude. Weather clear and cold.
January 9.-Slept well last night. Many dreams of a pleasant
character. Pain in the bowels and urging to stool, when rising,
which soon passed away. Sense of burning and fullness in the nos-
trils, with a little mucus. Darting pain in the forehead and eyes.
Frequent stitches in the region of the umbilicus. Weather moderate;
morning clear; afternoon cloudy; snowing a little in the evening.
January 10,--Nausea on rising; slept well last night; many
SENECIO AUREUS.
977
dreams of a pleasant character. Sharp lancinating pain in the left
temple, the upper part of the left eye, and inside of the left half of the
lower jaw. Urine, high colored, about 12 ounces, specific gravity
1.038. Weather moderate,
January 11-Sleep, uneasy last night; coryza; slight exertion
produced syncope. Urine about 40 ounces, color natural; specific
gravity 1.036. Weather damp and warm.
January 12.-Headache, in the afternoon, in the forehead, press-
ing from within outward. Urine, quantity normal; specific gravity,
1.025. Weather damp.
January 13. Urine, quantity normal; specific gravity, 1.030
Weather damp and cold.
January 11.-Urine normal in quantity, specific gravity 1.040.
Weather damp and cold.
January 15.-Urine, specific gravity 1.040, quantity normal.
Sticking pain in different parts of the body. Weather damp and
windy; snow, hail and rain.
January 16. Urine normal in quantity and color; specific gravity
1.040. General lassitude.
-
❤
January 17. Urine normal in quantity and color; specific gravity
1.040. Lassitude.
January 13-Lassitude; giddiness; sad most of the day. Weather
damp and cloudy these days.
January 22.-Giddiness, coming on suddenly, several times to-
day, feeling like a wave from the occiput to the sinciput. Weather
cold.
January 30.-For the past two weeks the urine has been of the
normal color and quantity, from 30 to 35 ounces a day; average
specific gravity 1.040.
RESUME.
General Symptoms.-Frequent yawning and shivering; great
languor; lassitude; sensitive to cold air; About noon, before dinner,
sharp stitches moving from one part of the body to another, in both
inguinal regions, lower jaw, right shoulder, left shoulder, both fore-
arms, and the temples, lasting for about an hour. Stitches in different
parts of the body-in the right and left foot, back of the neck, in both
arms, and the forehead. Sharp, lancinating pain in different parts
of the body, occasionally during the day, in the arms, legs, feet, chest
and face. General lassitude; yawning, and inclination to stretch.
63
978
NEW REMEDIES.
General malaise; great weariness with a disposition to lie
down. It has been decreed to be emmenagogue, diaphoretic,
diuretic, expectorant, alterative, tonic, and is said to have a peculiarly
specific, regulating influence on the functions of the female generative
organs.
Moral Symptoms.-Homesick; sad; sometimes elated; some-
times depressed; in very good spirits; in the evening, in a very
meditative mood, very serious-disposition to think of the past and
the future; gloomy; sad and desponding in the evening.
Sensorium.-Inability to fix the mind on any one object for any
length of time. This was an almost constant symptom.
$
Nervous System.-Although its influence on the nervous sytem,
is not mentioned by any writer, yet my observations have convinced
me that it ranks with Coffea, Chamomilla, Valerian, and Ambergris,
and it is in many respects a "nervine." It has been suggested by
those familiar with its use, that it acts as a nervine, by subduing the
irritation of the uterine organs, and thus prevents the nervous irrita-
tion, which might have been of a reflex character. This may be the
true explanation of its action. It has a great reputation among the
country people, who, designated it "Uncum," (a name borrowed from
the Aborigines) and "Wild Valerian;" they use it extensively for
nervousness, hysteria, lowness of spirits, and sleeplessness, especially
when these conditions occur in females. Under the head of "Organs
of Generation," will be found a case which illustrates its action in
this regard. About the middle of the afternoon, sensation as if a ball
was in the stomach, rising up into the throat, lasting for about an
hour; sensation of tightness in the throat, with a disposition to attempt
to relieve it by swallowing. About the middle of the afternoon, sen-
sation as of a ball in the stomach, rising into the throat, lasting only a
few minutes.
Mucous Membranes.-I am strongly impressed with the idea
that this remedy acts upon the mucous tissues similarly to Pulsatilla.
It causes increased secretion from the bronchial, intestinal, and vagi-
nal mucous membranes, and has been found curative in abnormal
conditions, characterized by mucous discharges. It seems to me to be
indicated when a catarrhal affection has appeared in one organ, and
caused, or is consequent upon the suppression of a natural discharge
in another; thus, profuse leucorrhoea, or a bronchial, and even a nasal
catarrh will set in upon the suppression of the menses, or appcar in
place of the menses. A catarrhal diarrhoea often appears at such
times. It is in these conditions that Pulsatilla and Senecio prove so
SENECIO AUREUS.
979
successful as curative agents, by curing the catarrhal discharge, and
permitting the natural functions to go on. The Senecio has also
proved useful in hemorrhages from mucous surfaces, appearing upon
the suppression of habitual discharges.
A catarrh was cured by the proving of the drug. Sense
of fullness in the nostrils, with excessive secretion of white
transparent mucus in the nostrils and bronchi; sneezing; hoarse, but
the trachea and bronchi seem to be clear; sense of fullness in the
nostrils, but no mucus; sneezing and sense of fullness in the nostrils.
relieved after a while by a copious flow of mucus; frequent hawking
of tough, white, transparent mucus; secretion of mucus in the nose
and trachea; sense of burning and fullness in the nostrils, with a
little mucus; coryza.
Heart. Slight exertion produced syncope; palpitation of the
heart during any exertion.
Skin. Disposition to perspire; copious, warm perspiration
towards morning; it causes, in large doses, free perspiration.
Cuticle dry and the nails very brittle, soon after I com-
menced my proving. This I observed twice.
Sleep.—Vivid dreams of an intellectual character; lascivious
dreams with an emission; vivid dreams, showing uncommon activity
of memory; restless sleep; drowsiness all day; frequent waking
from sleep at night; many dreams, mostly of an intellectual charac-
ter, and about different events of my life, showing an uncommon
activity of memory, and of the intellectual faculties generally.
Frequent waking during the night; waking so imperceptible that,
without an effort, I could not tell whether I had been asleep or not,
and sometimes not even then; many dreams, about ships and cargoes,
wagons and teams, writing, fighting, and break-neck adventures-
always coming off lucky; slept well last night, many dreams of a
pleasant and intellectual character. Restlessness and vigilance;
restless before midnight.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Has proved curative in obstinate sleep-
lessness, or restless, uneasy sleep.
Fever.-Chilliness and heat, particularly towards evening; fever-
ish breath; chilled; chilliness, followed by urging to urinate; chilli-
ness before noon, followed by fever and perspiration, attended with
moderate thirst. Fever every afternoon.
Thirst in the afternoon and evening; feverish; thirst; thirsty
in the evening; drinking much cold water; pulse feeble and fast.
980
NEW REMEDIES.
*
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is considered by some as a "febri-
fuge," but probably is not indicated in any but catarrhal fever, in
which condition it seems indicated.
Head.—Dizziness, feeling like a wave from the occiput to the
sinciput; giddiness in the open air; sharp, shooting pains in the
forehead; slight dizziness; headache in the neighborhood of the tem-
ples, pain seems to be pressing outward; occasional giddiness; sharp,
shooting pain in the forehead, shooting from within outward; sharp,
lancinating pain in the left temple, the upper part of the left eye, and
inside of the left half of the lower jaw; sharp, sticking pain in both
eyes and in the forehead, shooting from within outward; giddiness
-pressing forward so strong that it feels like hard work to stand up ;
sharp, cutting pain in the coronary region; sharp, cutting pain in
the frontal region over the eyes; darting pain in the forchead and
eyes; headache in the afternoon, in the forehead, pressing from with-
in outward; the head feels very light; giddiness coming on suddenly
several times a day, feeling like a wave from the occiput to the sin-
ciput. (The last symptom I observed 17 days after I took the last
dose of the medicine.) Heat of the forehead; dull, stupefying
headache; perspiration on the forehead; uncomfortable fullness of the
head.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From some experience with this rem-
edy I would suggest its use in catarrhal headache; also in catarrhal
affections of the eyes, nose, and ears, particularly if these occur after
suppressed perspiration or menstrual discharge.
Eyes.-Sharp, lancinating pain in the left eye, shooting from with-
in outward; flow of tears on going into the open air; sharp, sticking
pain in both eyes, and in the forehead, shooting from within outward;
sharp, lancinating pain in the left temple, in the upper part of the left
eye, and inside of the left half of the lower jaw.
Nose.-Sense of fullness in the nostrils, but no mucus; sneezing
and sense of fullness in the nostrils, relieved after a while by a
copious flow of mucus; sense of burning and fullness in the nostrils,
with a little mucus; coryza. Dryness of the nostrils and an
inclination to sneeze; unusual lubrication of the nostrils.
Face.-Darting pain in the left side of the face; tenderness in
front of the left ear; lips and gums pale; sharp, cutting pain inside
of the left angle of the lower jaw; sharp, lancinating pain in the left
temple, the upper part of the left eye, and the inside of the left half
of the lower jaw; sharp, sticking pain in the face in common with
other parts of the body. The face pale and the countenance
depressed.
SENECIO AUREUS.
981
Mouth.-Dryness of the mouth and fauces; the lips hot and the
breath feverish; dry tongue and slightly coated; dryness of the mouth
and throat.
Teeth. Very tender; teeth tender for a week after ceasing to
take the drug; digging or beating pain in a carious molar tooth.
Gastric Symptoms.-Nausea and yawning;
occasional nausea; occasional eructations of air;
the morning; sour eructations; eructations of
good during the proving.
nausea on rising;
nausea on rising in
sour gas; appetite
Feeling of uneasiness about the stomach; nausea; loss of appe-
tite; nausea and weariness, which continued for several hours.
Abdomen.-Stitches in the left hypochondria; stitches in both
hypochondriac regions; sharp, cutting pain in the diaphragm; colic
relieved by a diarrhoeic stool, in the afternoon and at night; colic
and diarrhoea, with fever, in the afternoon; frequent discharge of
flatus; flatulence; dull pain in the left lumbar region; sharp pain in
the epigastrium; before breakfast, pain in the abdomen; seems to
have a center about the umbilicus, and spreads out in all directions,
relieved by a stool, fæces seem to be natural; sharp, cutting pain in
the right side of the pelvis; griping, colic-like pain, relieved by
bending forward; griping pain in the bowels in the evening, mostly
in the region of the umbilicus; griping, pinching pain in the abdomen;
griping pain in the lower part of the abdomen; in the afternoon, pain
of a griping character in the bowels; pain in the bowels and urging
to stool when rising, which soon passed away. Rumbling of wind in
the abdomen; sensation as if the bowels would move.
Back. Feeling of weariness in the lumbar region.
Stools.—Thin watery stool, containing hard lumps; stools con-
taining blood; painful tenesmus; in the evening, after supper, thin,
dark colored stool, with much straining; stool thin and of a dark
color; fæces in hard lumps, mixed with mucus of a yellow color;
stools not very frequent, not oftener than two or three times a day as a
rule, sometimes only once. Copious diarrhoea in the morning, attended
with great debility and prostration.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It may prove useful in certain nervous
affections, also catarrhal conditions of the bowels. It is said to be
used successfully in dysentery and diarrhoea (catarrhal).
Urinary Organs.-Increased flow of urine; clear, limpid urine;
frequent and profuse urination, copious flow of urine; bloody urine;
urging to urinate; tenesmus of the bladder; urine tinged with blood;
slight urging to urinate; uncomfortable heat in the neck of the blad-
982
NEW REMEDIES.
der; slight pains in the region of the kidneys; passed urine frequently
for twenty-four hours; urinated several times during the night;
urine void of sediment, and inodorous. Urine less than usual, high
colored; urine scanty and high colored; increased flow of urine;
excessive secretion of urine; smarting pain in the urethra,
about the fossa navicularis, just before urinating; urine high
colored and getting less in quantity daily, from the time I com-
menced the proving until on the fourth day, it was only 8 oz. ;
5th day, 12 oz., specific gravity 1.035; 6th day, 16 oz., s. g. 1.030;
7th day, 12 oz., s. g. 1.030; 8th day, 10 oz., s. g. 1.038; 9th day,
10 oz., s. g. 1,035; 11th day, 12 oz., s. g. 1,038; 12th day, 40 oz.,
s. g. 1.036; 13th day, quantity and color normal, s. g. 1.025; 14th
day, s. g. 1.030; 15th day, urine normal in quantity and color, s. g.
1.040. For the next two weeks, urine normal in quantity and color,
average specific gravity, 1.040.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS. This medicine has long had an exten-
sive reputation in domestic practice as diuretic, and used as such in
cases of dropsy, suppression of urine, and irritable bladder;
"As a
diuretic it has been employed with advantage in calculous affections
to subdue the irritation.”—(Scudder.) "It is said to be diuretic and
specific in strangury."(King.) In those anasarcous states which attend
chlorosis, or attacks of women at the climacteric age, and seem to be
caused remotely by some disorder of the generative organs, the Senc-
cio gracilis may prove a very efficient remedy; also in ovarian
dropsy, or dropsy occurring after suppression of the menses.
Dr.
Small has used it with benefit in some affections of the kidneys
and bladder; also in diabetes.
"To illustrate its action, the following cases reported by Dr. A.
E. Small, are presented for the consideration of the profession :
"Case 1.-A young woman applied for relief of dropsical symp-
toms, namely: abdomen much enlarged, very tense, with an evident
large amount of water in the peritoneal cavity; lower extremities
very oedematous; urine quite scanty and high colored-not more
than eight ounces a day; considerable pain in the lumbar region, and
in the ovaries. With the exception of constipation, no other abnor-
mal symptom was manifest. Upon examination with the speculum,
the cervix uteri was somewhat congested, and there was present
albuminous leucorrhoea, but uterine pain was not much complained
of-only a sense of weight, which may have been due to the perito-
neal effusion.
"Apis mellifica 2d, was prescribed and taken for a week with no
benefit, except to relieve the ovarian pain.
"Apocynum cannabin. th, was also taken for a week, but
contrary to its usual effects, it did not seem to increase the amount of
urine.
SENECIO AUREUS.
983
"Senecio aureus was then prescribed, ten drops of theth in
water every four bours. In two days the urinary secretion was up
to its normal amount, and the oedema, ascites, and lumbar pain dimin-
ished rapidly. The peritoneal effusion did not altogether disappear,
nor did Arsenicum remove it completely.
Case 2.-A woman about 30 years of age, had the following symp-
toms, which had increased since their accession, six weeks before:
Face bloated, abdomen enlarged, feet oedematous; urine alternately
profuse and watery, or dark colored and scanty; frequent desire to
urinate, day and night. No other abnormal symptoms of importance.
In this case Senecio aureus was prescribed at once, without trying
other remedies. Ten drops every three hours (mother tincture) for
two days; then three times a day for a week effected a cure.
This remedy has also been useful in my hands in the dysuria of
women and children, when the symptom was evidently of a catarrhal
origin. In dysuria, associated with uterine displacement, it is often
useful. The presence of a mucus sediment in the urine, is an indica-
tion for its employment."
Case 3.—Mrs. H—, aged about 30, of lymphatic temperament, had
been suffering from chronic inflammation of the neck of the bladder for
six years, from which she had received only temporary relief from
treatment. At times she suffered greatly from tenesmus of the blad-
der and urging to urinate. She supposed herself to be afflicted with
the gravel, as she sometimes passed bloody urine. Senecio aureus
was prescribed, one drop of tincture, which she took at intervals of
six hours, for several days. She felt sensible relief from the diffi-
culty, after using the remedy two days. She continued its use for
several days after, when she found herself entirely free from the
suffering. She discontinued the medicine, and was agreeably sur-
prised at the non-return of the difficulty, as it had before done, after
temporary relief. She had no indications of return for several months,
when some exposure occasioned its reappearance. The remedy was
again resorted to, and prompt relief was obtained. She has remained
entirely well of the disease since-a period of eighteen months.
Case 4.-A gentleman of nervo-sanguine temperament, aged about
50, had been subject to renal inflammation, affecting particularly the
right kidney, causing intense pain, and general febrile disturbance
and great prostration. On one occasion his suffering was intense,
and the bladder seemed to be implicated. Every time he passed
urine he experienced great pain, which caused him to cry out in
agony; his bowels were constipated; the urine was of a reddish
color; very hot and acrid; he complained of dull headache, dryness of
the mouth and throat, disposition to chilliness, fever and perspiration.
Twenty drops of the tincture were put in half a tumbler of water,
and a dessert spoonful was taken. A mitigation of suffering was the
result. The dose was repeated every hour, until it entirely sub-
sided.
More than a year has elapsed since, and he has no return of the
malady. This gentleman having some acquaintances, whom he
984
NEW REMEDIES.
knew to be victims of a similar disease, was prompt to furnish
them with this remedy, and in some instances with like curative
results.
Cuse 5. A merchant 45 years of age, nervous temperament,
inclined to be bilious, was attacked severely with renal inflammation,
attended by general feverishness, chilliness, and pain in the lumbar
region, and particularly in the left kidney. In this case there did
not appear to be any very perceptible implication of the bladder;
the quantity of urine passed was below the normal amount, and very
red, and on standing awhile, a brick-dust sediment was precipitated.
The arterial excitement was considerable; the skin hot and dry;
motion very greatly aggravated the suffering of the patient, and
caused him to cry out with pain; bowels were constipated.
Aconite was first given, and repeated at intervals of an hour until
the skin became moist, and the arterial excitement was somewhat
subdued. Pain still severe; urine hot and scanty. Gave Nux vom.
No relief; patient complained of soreness and pain in the lumbar
region. Gave Arnica, and moved the bowels with an enema of warm
water. Partial relief followed for a time; pain returned; gave Sen-
ecio aureus. No relief, for some hours, from pain; urination, and
every effort to urinate, attended with pain; urine tinged with blood.
Gave Cantharis, 3d dilution. No change; gave Senecio two hours
after, in an increased dose, after which the pain gradually subsided
and passed off entirely; the urinary secretion became increased to
the usual quantity in health, and recovery soon followed.
Case 6.-An attorney, aged 34, of a leuco-phlegmatic tempera-
ment, after a prostrating attack of fever, exhibited a marked cachexia
and tendency to general dropsy; urine rather scanty, with a blackish
sediment, which, on examination, proved to be broken down blood
corpuscles. Senecio, in drop doses of the tincture, was given at
first, and afterwards in a more attenuated form, with no satisfactory
result. (Terebinth. caused a disappearance of the sediment, and
Erigeron also, in another similar attack.)
În a letter from Dr. Gray, of New York, a confirmatory statement
is made of the powers of the Senccio aureus: "I have used it,"
says the Doctor, "in renal disturbances, with satisfactory results."
For children, affected with irritation of the bladder, the second or
third attenuation would in all probability effect a cure. Pain in the
head most always accompanies, or immediately precedes, the symp-
toms of irritation of the bladder. This remedy will relieve the
headache, and every other symptom connected with it. It will relieve
tenesmus of the bladder. It will cure nausea, attendant on renal
derangement and renal colic. It will subdue the arterial excitement
that occurs simultaneously with inflammation of the kidneys, and
consequently dissipate many other painful sensations.
Generative Organs of Men.-Dull, heavy pain in the left sper-
matic cord, moving along the cord to the testicle; prostate gland
enlarged, feels hard and swelled to the touch; lascivious dreams, with
pollution,
1
SENECIO AUREUS.
985
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is recommended by some phy-
sicians for the cure of gonorrhoea, in which it is asserted to have
been used with benefit.
Generative Organs of Women. It is upon these organs that
the Senecio is reputed to exert its peculiar and specific curative in-
fluence.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS —In accordance with the plan I proposed
in the preface to this work, I shall proceed to give the suggestions,
clinical experience, etc., of the eclectic and allopathic schools, and
then that of our own school, together with my own. From the testi-
mony thus adduced, the reader can come to some conclusion as to the
value of the remedy.
'It exerts an especial influence upon the female reproductive
organs. In amenorrhoea, not connected with some structural lesion,
it has proved very efficacious. In dysmenorrhoea, it has also proved
valuable. It is serviceable in menorrhagia, administered both
at the time of the discharge and during the interval.”—(King)
It appears to exert a specific influence upon the uterine organs,
and may with propriety be termed a uterine tonic. We have em-
ployed it in many cases of amenorrhea, both in retention and sup-
pression, and almost invariably with the most gratifying results;
indeed, so certain is it to restore the uterine secretion, when
suppression does not depend upon organic disease, that we almost
view it as a specific. Its action is peculiar; it seems to possess the
power of restoring the secretion when suppressed; of promoting it
when deficient; of alleviating pain in dysmenorrhoea, and of control-
ling or lessening the secretion when redundant; hence, one of its
common names, "female regulator." We have long employed it to
check free and too long continued lochial discharges, after other rem-
edies have failed, and with the most gratifying results. It has proved
a valuable remedy in leucorrhea, and in displacements of the uterus,
attended with dragging pains in the lower part of the abdomen and
pelvic region, and with leucorrhoeal discharges, when combined with
Trillium."*
There
Dr. Paine coincides with the opinion held by eclectics concerning
the affinity of Senecio for the uterus and ovaries †
"It is," he says,
"especially adapted to the defective uterine function, arising from a
vitiated state of the system. In scrofulous and phthisical patients, I
give the Senecin in doses of from to one grain, combined with one
or two grains of Carburet of Iron, four or five times a day.
is, perhaps, no emunctory of the body that exerts a more powerful
influence over scrofulous and consumptive patients, than the uterus."
In these diseases, Paine considers the Senecin useful, because it
corrects irregularity of the meuses, as to either time or quantity.
In cases of weak habit, when the catamenial period is protracted,
and the blood appears to be poisoned or contaminated by the retention
of zymotic catamcnial poison," he gives Senecin and Hypophosphite
* Jones and Scudder's Mat. Med.
† New School Medicines, p. 97.
986
NEW REMEDIES.
of Iron in combination. The quantity of Iron he prescribes (two
grains, five times a day.) is, however, dangerous. Dr. Churchill, of
Paris, who introduced the medicine, says it will bring on pulmonary
hemorrhage, in such doses. The best allopathic authorities advise
against the use of Iron in phthisis. Some homœopathic physicians
have cured incipient phthisis with Ferr. hypophosphis, 3d trituration.
It should not be used any lower.
"We
"Senecin has proved eminently successful in the treatment of
amenorrhea. When the obstruction has arisen from cold, this rem-
edy in connection with warm alkaline pediluvia is generally sufficient.
When the affection is uncomplicated, we know of no remedy so gen-
erally reliable. It operates kindly and without excitement, and the
catamenial flow is restored in a manner so natural that the patient is
scarcely aware of being under the influence of medicine."
have derived equally happy effects from the employment of Senecin
in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. The most beneficial results are
obtained by exhibiting it during the intermenstrual period. It acts
as a special tonic upon the uterine system, invigorating the menstrual
function, and restoring equilibrium of action. If the menstrual
secretion be profuse, use Trillin in combination. If scanty, Macrotin
or Baptisin may be employed." (alternated.) "We have been
equally successful with the Senecin in the treatment of menorrhagia.
It may seem somewhat paradoxical to the reader that we should
prescribe the same remedy in what are generally conceived to be
opposite states of the system. (Here Dr. Coe, launches out into a
verbose explanation of the reason why this remedy is thus indicated,
but his logic is lame, and based upon incorrect physiological doc-
trines.) No matter in which direction the scale may be turned if
we can but restore and equalize the functional activity of the parts,
we shall effect a cure. For this purpose we employ the Senecin
simply because it possesses the power of recalling or restoring lost or
healthful action. This then explains the seeming paradox of giving
the same remedy in dissimilar derangements of the same organ.
"Chlorosis is another of those incidental female affections in which
Senecin will be found an excellent remedy. It is particularly ser-
viceable when the chlorosis occurs in a strumous diathesis."*
The following case treated with Senecio gracilis, is reported to me
by Dr. A. R. Smart (Homoeopathist):
A lady, aged 48, presented the following symptoms: inability to
sleep, nervous irritability, loss of appetite, coated tongue, bowels con-
stipated, constant feeling of lassitude, disinclined to move about,
wandering pains in the back and shoulders; had been in this condi-
tion six months, during which time the catamenia, which, previous to
this, had been regular in appearance, have not appeared; has been
treated allopathically for the last three months, with no permanent
benefit. I gave Macrotin, Sepia, Secale cornutum, Zincum valerianas,
Pulsatilla, Cypripedium, etc,, with but little or no success. At last
the Senecio was given in doses of 20 drops, three times per day ;
* Coe's "Concentrated Organic Medicines."
SENECIO AUREUS.
987
this was followed by a marked improvement, and after the lapse of
one week she reported herself able to sleep well all night. Under
the continued use of the remedy all the symptoms disappeared in the
space of two weeks longer. A relapse presented the same phenom-
ena, which occurred about six months later, was in like manner cured
by the Senecio.
The following case was reported by me :* A lady, the mother of
one child, had had an abortion three years ago, and another—at the
second month of pregnancy-four months since. Since the date of
the last abortion she had suffered much from painful menstruation,
which had not been the case previously. The menses came on too
soon-every three weeks; were very profuse, lasting eight or nine
days; and were accompanied with a great deal of pain, of a cutting
character, referred to the region of the sacrum, hypogastrium and
groins. She was pale, weak, and "nervous," and had a slight cough,
generally at night. Thinking this a good case in which to test the
vaunted virtues of the Senecio aureus, I prescribed five drops of
the mother tincture three times a day, and continued its use until the
next menstrual period. To the patient's gratification and my own,
the menses appeared at their proper time (in 29 days,) and were nor-
mal in quantity, and unaccompanied with pain or suffering of any
kind.
Since reporting the above case I have treated several cases of a
similar nature, and with success. In one case the first decimal dilu-
tion was used; in another, the first of Senecin, and in still another
the second decimal. I have used it in but one case of amenorrhoea;
Pulsatilla failed to restore the discharge, but Senecin 2nd, appa-
rently had the desired effect.
Respiratory Organs.-Increased secretion from the bronchial
mucous membrane; loose cough; rattling in the chest; labored res-
piration.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It affects the respiratory organs in a
manner somewhat similar to Asclepias tuberosa, Dulcamara and Pulsa-
tilla.
"In coughs, colds, and other complaints of the chest, Senecin is
one of the most valuable remedies we possess. It is especially ser-
viceable in mucous coughs."--(Dr. Coe.)
"
•
It has acquired considerable reputation in chronic coughs,
catarrhal affections, hæmoptysis, incipient phthsis, attended with
troublesome cough, the result of obstructed menstruation, with unequi-
vocal advantage.-(J. & S. Mat. Med.) I have used it in a few cases
of cough occurring in females, according to the indication given above.
It seemed to act admirably. These suggestions may seem bare and
valueless, unless backed up by more pathogenetic symptoms. But it
must be recollected that many of our best remedies started from just
such small beginnings.
* American Homoeopathic Observer, volume 1, No. 3.
988
NEW REMEDIES.
The following case reported by Dr. Thomas Irish, seems to prove
that it ranks high as a remedy in pulmonary affections :*
In the year 1822, in the State of New York, I was taken sud-
denly with profuse hemorrhage from the left lung. Physicians were
sent for; consultation took place; they manifested much wisdom in
endeavoring to stay the red current of life by tapping my arm.
The
blood refused to flow in that direction, but the lung continued to per-
form its office in opposition to these endeavors to change its current,
by cutting the cephalic vein. All to no purpose; the life current
continued to flow until it would hardly stain a white cloth. They
gave me up as lost without hope, and then gave rules and ordered
medicine taken. I refused to take medicine. I became a living
skeleton; the dry, hacking cough, the hectic flush and sleepless
nights were my companions for day and night for about five months,
and still living in opposition to the wisdom of the prophets, I was in
the daily habit of wandering about the fields on my father's farm, and
pulling and testing of roots and herbs. The Senecio was before me,
near a small stream. I tasted and was impressed to try its virtucs.
I had it gathered, roots and tops-a pailful, and prepared a strong
decoction, of which I took half a tablespoonful four times a day.
Improvement set in soon after commencing the use of the Senecio.
In six weeks the cure seemed complete. This was in the fall. I
continued well through the winter; in the spring went to work; in
a month was prostrated by hemorrhage from the lung again; contin-
ued to work until fall. Again the life root was taken, chewing the
root and drinking a tea of the same. Again, contrary to the expecta-
tion of all, health was mine. In the spring of 1824 I came to Mich-
igan,; worked hard all summer; in fall was taken sick; continued
feeble until spring. At every attack of the disease the lungs would
sympathize, so as to have it terminate in a lung fever, with bloody
expectoration. I employed no physician, but always used the "Cure-
All," as I often called it. In the too free use of the green root, it
proved a laxative, which was not favorable to the healing process. At
every attack, for 11 years or more, of lung fever, which were many,
I always used the same remedy with the same success. I have never
known it used in such attacks without some benefit, and the number
would be hundreds.
I saw the blood spirt the size of a common straw from a cut in
the leg. The Senecio, roots and tops bruised and applied immedi-
ately, stopped the blood; it was the only dressing. The person was
not kept from his work an hour in all. It was a bad cut, and healed
in a few days. It is the best dressing for cuts, bruises and sores,
known to me. It has more power over diseases of the uterine
organs, than any other medicinal plant, in my opinion. In
erysipelas it has with me proved a useful remedy, internally and
externally.
It would seem by the last paragraph to have a general curative
influence over hæmorrhage, making it analogous upon some points
* American Homœopathic Observer.
SENECIO AUREUS.
989
with Erigeron, Trillium, and Lycopus.
With this I leave the con-
sideration of the plant, and hope my colleagues will prove it, and
at the same time collect clinical data, illustrating the sphere of this
remedy.
An interesting case lately came under my treatment, which
illustrates very well the action of this remedy upon the pulmonary
tissues.
A lady, aged 40, passing through the climacteric period, applied
to me for a remedy to remove a troublesome cough. Her symptoms
were:
July 1.-Considerable debility; no appetite, flashes of heat at
times during the day; reduess of the cheeks in the afternoon; occa-
sional night sweats; menses have been very irregular-for a year. It
is now two months since they have appeared. Six weeks ago she
caught cold, got a cough, at first dry, then loose, with copious expec-
toration of a yellowish thick, sweet mucus, often streaked with blood,
attended with a sensation of rawness and soreness in the chest. The
paroxysms of coughing were quite severe and exhausting. Prescribed
Phosphorus 3d, three times a day.
July 8-No improvement in any respect.
four times daily.
Gave Sanguinaria 2d,
July 14.-Is worse; expectoration more profuse, with increased
amount of blood-streaked mucus. Gave Senecio gracilis, ten drops.
of the dilution every three hours. In two days rapid improvement
set in, and in two weeks she was free from cough, hectic, night sweats,
has a strong appetite, and feels quite well.
In this case the Senecio was used empirically. The experience of
Dr. Irish, recorded in "New Provings," seems to show that it was of
value in pulmonary hæmorrhage; but its applicability to the other
symptoms was not deduced from any clinical experience yet published.
My impression has been, since I have used the plant, that it was an
analogue of Pulsatilla. Its curative power in irregular menses, pro-
fuse leucorrhoea, led me to this conclusion. I have an impression
that a thorough "proving" would show it to be capable of causing a
blenorrhagia from the vaginal and respiratory mucous membranes prin-
cipally, also menorrhagia and hæmoptysis.
In the case above given, Pulsatilla, Stannum or Sulphur might
have been found curative, but as the Senecio promptly put an end to
the symptoms and pathological state, it is certainly worth record.
may be remarked that the menses did not return before the cough
ceased, otherwise we might suspect one of Nature's cures.- (Hale.)
Dr. P. H. Hale relates of Senecio gracilis, that it removed a group
of symptoms occurring in a body at a climateric period, which symp-
toms much resembled the throat symptoms of Lachesis, namely:
great irritability of the throat, with constant sensation as if there were
dry spots in the mucous membrane of the fauces, pharynx and larynx,
attended with general nervous irritation. Lachesis 10th and 30th
was given without any benefit to the patient. Experimentally-
Senecio gracilis was prescribed, (five drops of the tincture four times
daily,) and the symptoms which had lasted several weeks disappeared
990
NEW REMEDIES.
in a few days. A second attack occurring several months after, was
relieved by the same remedy."
I gave the Senecio (2d dil.) to a lady far advanced in consumption,
hoping it would relieve the cough and blood-streaked expectoration.
It had the desired effect, the cough was much alleviated, the blood
disappeared from the sputa, but the menses, which had been absent
four months, appeared properly, and lasted six days!
Back.-Pain in the back and loins ; severe pain in the small of the
back.
Extremities.-Weariness of the lower extremities; rheumatic
pains in the joints.
STICTA PULMONARIA.
(Lung-wort.)
ANALOGUES.-Asclepias tuberosa; Agaricus (?); Belladonna(?);
Calcarea carbonica; Cimicifuga; Causticum; Copaiva; Dulcamara;
Eryngium; Gelseminum; Gnaphalium; Hepar sulphur; Ignatia;
Mercurius; Pulsatilla; Rumex; Sanguinaria; Sulphur.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Thrallous, coriaceous, lax, lacunose,
reticulate, dark green, and olive colored on the upper side; the under
side tomentose, with naked white spots; lobes elongated, separate,
sinuate-lobed, retuse truncate; apothecia (fruit-caps) submarginal,
reddish. This lichen is common, fertile, on trunks, in mountains and
forests, also on rocks, where it varies and is oftener sterile. It is
found in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania.
HISTORY.-Dr. T. F. Allen, of New York City, has favored me
with a list of the species of Sticta, found especially in the Northern
States, namely; S. sylvatica, S. aurata, S. crocata, S. quercizans, S.
scrobiculata, S. anthraspis, S. pulmonaria, S. glomeruliferia, and S.
herbacea. "The first five," he says, do not fruit with us; the last
four are oftener found with fruit. The Stictas are distinguished from
other genera of leaf-like lichen by being very veiny or ribbed, and
having beneath whitish depressions or spots. I do not know that any
of the genus except S. pulmonaria have ever been used. In Sweden
it is very bitter, and is sometimes substituted for hops. Of other
lichens, Peltidea coniva has supposed to be of use in hydrophobia;
Alectoria arabum is said to be sedative; Eremia nilfina is said to be
poisonous; Parmalia parietina is sold by the botanics in Germany, and
said to be a substitute for Cinchona, in fever and ague, and is
STICTA PULMONARIA.
991
also astringent; Centrana islandica is the "iceland moss," etc.;
Lindley says in his Flora Medica, that Variola discoida and fogina,
are very bitter, and used in intermittents. Peltigera aphthosa, purga-
tive and anthelmintic, (common in this country;) Umbilicoria pro-
boscidya and cylindrica constitute part of the "tripe de roche," on
which Arctic travelers have had to live; they produce colic and other
distressing symptoms; Erenia prunactria, recommended in pulmonary
affections; Cladonia sanguinea is used in Brazil, rubbed up with
sugar, for aphthæ in children."
The Sticta pulmonaria has been in use in New England for a
long time as a popular and domestic remedy in coughs, colds and
lung affections, whence its common name. Another reason for the
application of this name, is the fancied resemblance of this lichen
to the human lungs.
The "lung-wort" of the dispensatories, is a different plant-
the pulmonaria officinalis, which is not indigenous here.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions; tincture-tritura-
tions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-The Sticta pulmonaria is not mentioned in
allopathic or eclectic dispensatories. It was first presented to the
notice of the homoeopathic school, by Dr. S. P. Burdick* who
published a paper containing a fragmentary proving, and several
clinical cases, illustrating its therapeutical influence in disease,
especially in coughs, influenza, etc. He described the plant
as the Sticta sylvatica. Dr. H. M. Smith, however, published
a correction, made by Dr. T. F. Allen,† to the effect that the plant
used in the proving was the Sticta pulmonaria. He remarks that
"the latter may be easily distinguished from the former, by the eleva-
ted naked spots, on the under side; the rest is woolly; Sticta sylvat-
ica has depressions; Sticta pulmonaria is almost always found on
trees; Sticta sylvatica never or very rarely," etc.
Since the first edition of this work, considerable clinical experi-
ence has been collected, and an additional fragmentary proving been
made by Dr. C. H. Lutes, of Michigan.
DR. BURDICK'S PROVING.
Nov. 9th 1859, I commenced proving this plant, having previously
prepared a strong tincture. At 7 o'clock, a. M., I took ten drops of
tincture. About one hour after I had sharp, darting pains in the
arms, legs, and shoulders, commencing first in the muscles of the
arms, then in the finger joints and shoulders; next in the thighs,
knee-joints, and toes; also dull sensation in the head, with sharp,
darting pains through the vertex, side of the face, and lower jaw.
There was a feeling of fullness at the root of the nose and in the left
hypochondriac region. These symptoms were well marked; they
* American Homeopathic Review, vol. 5. p. 334.
† North American Journal of Homœopathy, volume 10, (1863.)
992
NEW REMEDIES
continued for two or three hours, and were followed by a general feel-
ing of dullness, of two or three hours duration.
Nov. 10th, 7 o'clock A. м, took ten drops. The symptoms which
followed were similar to those produced by the first dose. There was
also, a dull, oppressive pain in the cardiac region; slight oppression
of the lungs; dull pain in the right hypochondrium. Duration from
three to four hours.
Nov. 11th, took at 8 o'clock, A. M., 20 drops of the tincture. About
one hour after, I experienced the previous dull sensation in the head,
with dull, heavy pressure in the forehead and roots of the nose; dart-
ing pains in the temporal region; burning in the eyelids, with sore-
ness of the ball on closing the lids, or turning the eyes. There were
burning, biting, sticking pains all over the body; lancinating pain in
the second joint of the middle finger; inability to concentrate the
mind upon any one subject; a general confusion of ideas. The above
symptoms continued to increase in intensity during the entire day,
and most of them continued until the 13th, without repeating the
drug.
PROVING BY DR. C. H. LUTES.
Commenced the proving with the 2d decimal dilution, increasing
the dose from five to sixty drops. After taking it four days without
producing any symptoms, it was discontinued, and the 1st decimal
dilution taken in like manner four days, without producing any
symptoms.
8 A.
Feb. 6th-Commenced proving with the mother tincture.
M., took five drops. 12:30 P. M., 10 drops. 6 P. M., 10 drops.
Feb. 7th.-10 o'clock, A. M., took 15 drops. 12 r. M., slight head-
ache in the frontal region; dull, heavy, intermitting.
12:30 P. M.,
took 15 drops. 2 P. M., headache increased; worse in the right
supra-orbital region. 3 P. M., headache worse. 4 P. M., headache
increased, more acute, seems to extend through the brain; worse in
the right side of the head. General feeling of weariness; mind
inactive, cannot collect my thoughts.
Feb. 8th.-7 A. M., took 30 drops; in ten minutes, pain in the
right temple; deep, shooting, intermitting. 8 A. M, pain in the head
worse; extends through the frontal and right parietal region; seems
to extend deep into the brain. 9 A. M., toɔk 40 drops.
11 A. M.,
headache increased, worse in the right supra-orbital region; pain
dull, heavy and intermitting; eyes feel heavy, mind inactive, inabil-
ity to concentrate the mind. Sensation as if the scalp were too
STICTA PULMONARIA.
993
5 P. M.,
small, or were drawn too tight. 2 r. M., took 60 drops.
headache almost intolerable; seems to extend through the brain.
GENERAL EFFECTS.
"Mr. F. aged fifty years, came to me, saying he had rheumatism all
over him, and could get no relief; said he had tried everything, had
been to two or three allopathic physicians, but was getting worse
every day.
His troubles commenced about six months ago, with
sharp, darting, lancinating pain, first in the knee-joints, then in the
elbow and shoulder. The finger-joints were next involved, and it
gradually extended to every joint in the body; the pain in the neck
and head were intense. At the present time the joints are all swollen
and stiff. He cannot sleep for the pain, and can scarcely walk. By
comparing the above with the provings of Sticta pulmonaria, I found
a perfect type of the disease before me in this drug, and I at once
determined to test its curative power; the following are the results: I
gave Sticta 1st, five drops to a tumbler of water, table-spoonful to be
taken every hour. August 23.-Mr. F. reports himself greatly
improved; pains not so severe-has slept better. Sticta 1st as before.
August 26th. Reports a great deal better; can walk better than
at any time during the past five months; pain in the head and neck
gone; all the pains are less severe, and the joints are not so much
swollen. Continued Sticta, 1st, as before. Aug. 28th. Reports him-
self entirely well; has no pain; swelling all gone; says he feels bet-
ter than at any time during the past nine months; stiffness of the
joints all gone; he is getting young again, and walks as sprightly as a
young man.
At the time the above was under treatment, I was also treating
a Mrs, G., aged about forty, for rheumatism of the wrist-joints. She
had been under treatment for nearly three months, with very little,
if any improvement. The wrists and hands with but little redness;
very painful on moving them. I had given her nearly all the rem-
edies that are usually given in rheumatic troubles; none of them
had afforded relief to any extent. After the results produced in the
last case by Sticta, I determined to try it in the case of Mrs. G. I
accordingly gave her five drops, 1st, in a tù.mbler of water, a tea-
spoonful every two hours. On the day after, I called, and on enter-
ing the room, she exclaimed, "Doctor, you have done it this time!"
To my great surprise, I found her sewing. The pain and swelling
were nearly gone. Sticta, 1st, was continued for a few days, and the
cure was permanent. [This last case is reported from memory.]
Dr. John Doy, of Battle Creek, Michigan, communicates the fol-
lowing case of rheumatism successfully treated with this medicine:
A lady of this city called at the office and requested me to give
her some medicine that would positively cure it, as she had just re-
ceived a letter from a sister living near the city of Jackson, who was
under the care of two physicians of the old school, who were treating
her for inflammatory rheumatism, she being very sick with that disease.
She said she should go and give her the medicine for one week, and
64
994
NEW REMEDIES.
then try to bring her home for me to treat. I then gave her
mother tincture Sticta, with instructions to put ten drops into a tum-
bler of water, and give the patient a teaspoonfull every hour for the
first two days, then a table-spoonfull every two or three hours. In a
week she brought her home. I gave the same medicine in this man-
ner only, a table-spoonful three times a day, and in three weeks she
could comb her hair, dress her baby, in fact dress herself, and con-
sidered herself well and went home. When brought here she
could not lift her hands or her feet, they being swelled and stiff."
Dr. A. G. Chase, of Ada, Kent County, Michigan, sends me
several interesting cases illustrating the curative effects of Sticta
pulmonaria in Rheumatism.
Case 1.-My own; aged 45. During the latter part of last win-
ter and the fore part of spring, suffered severely with rheumatism in
right shoulder joint, deltoid and triceps muscles, extending at times
to the forearm, commencing to pain me in the night. Towards morn-
ing, my arm becoming nearly helpless, could not put on my coat with-
out help, during the day lameness nearly disappearing; this condi-
tion lasting nearly two months; no heat or swelling. Cimicifuga
racemosa, Phytolacca decandra, and Colchicum were used in succes-
sion in small and larger doses, with but temporary relief. I now re-
solved to try Sticta, first dilution, four drops four or five times per
day. Improvement commenced at once. Discontinued medicine in
a few days; difficulty permanently removed.
Case 2d.-Edward P., aged forty-eight, rheumatism in the right
ankle joint, swollen and very painful, could only get around with the
help of a cane; had applied domestic treatment for several days,
without benefit. Gave him a dram vial of Sticta 1st, dose four drops,
five times a day; cured in four days. Says he used no other med-
icine.
To-
Case 3d.—Mrs. C., aged 41; taken very suddenly, with pain
reaching through the chest from sternum to spinal column; constant,
worse on movement; the arms powerless from extreme pain, if an
attempt was made to move them. Gave Sticta 1st, three drops five
times a day. The first dose gave relief; well in three days.
gether with the above symptoms, there was difficult breathing and
speaking for some time. Treatment commenced about twelve hours
after attack. In these cases no other medicine was used to my
knowledge.
Chest.-The following cases are from the Case-Book of the Nor-
thern Homœopathic Dispensary, New York, where this remedy has
acquired some reputation:
1st.-Ellen Murphy, aged nineteen, scrofulous; had hæmoptysis
three years ago. Every cold, damp spell brings on cough with expec-
toration of dark blood. Suffers now with loose cough in the morning,
expectoration less free during the day; pain in left side below the
scapula; foul taste in the mouth; tickling in the larynx and bronchia;
costiveness; courses regular. Bryonia 3d.
STICTA PULMONARIA,
995
August 5th.-Pain in the left side, less, other state the same.
Sticta 1st.
August 8th.-Great relief.
August 12.-Nervous headache, which she complained of in the
temples, improved. Cough steadily improving. Sticta.
August 20th.-Cured.
2d. Anna Ernst, aged fifty-one, oppression in the pit of the stom-
ach; great thirst; no appetite; tongue clean; disgust for food; soft
cough, with expectoration. Vertigo, restless at night. Brycnia
third.
August 5th. Some relief. Bryonia 12th.
August 9th.-Cough the same; morning cough; symptoms of
change of life. Sticta 1st.
August 19th.-Cough improving. Raises more easily, especially
mornings. Sticta 1st.
August 29th.-Cough well; only some vertigo yet. Pulsatilla 6th.
August 31st.-Cough all right; vertigo the same. Cyclamen 3d.
3d.-Joseph Wedner, aged forty. Dyspepsia. Cannot bear
anything tight on the stomach. Vomits phlegm. Hemorrhoids. Nux.
August 8th.-Cough raw and sore. Better otherwise.
Sticta.
August 11th.-Cough only after meals. Bryonia.
August 16th.-Cough easier, but very hoarse. Pulsatilla.
August 20th.-Cough worse, expectoration tighter. Bryonia.
August 24th.-Morning cough continues. Well every other way.
Bryonia.
4th.-Ellen Minaman, aged twenty-five. Cough for six weeks.
Hoarseness; nightly expectoration of whitish phlegm. Sticta.
August 12th.-Greatly improved. Does not cough near so much.
Sticta.
5th.-Ida Hatfield, eighteen months old. Tussis morbillosa.
Had measles two months ago, Sticta.
August 8th.-Greatly improved. Sticta.
August 17th.-Has whooping cough. Sticta.
August 19th.-State the same. Worse at night. Corallium 30th.
August 24th. State the same. Belladonna, Ipecacuanha.
August 29th.-Improving. Belladonna, Ipecacuanha.
6th.-Kate Winkler, aged fourteen. Nasal catarrh. Nose always
dry and stuffed up; swollen with tickling in it. Constant dripping
down throat, which feels and looks raw. Tongue clean, Sticta.
August 9th.-Improving. Sticta.
August 12th.-Discharges a great deal of phlegm, with great im-
provement. Sticta.
August 19th.-Is getting well. Sticta.
7th.-Martin Wyman, aged two years, febris catarrhalis. Aconite.
August 15th.-Less fever. Rattling in the chest, coryza. Sticta.
August 18th.-Improving. Sticta.
August 21st.-Cured.
We cured a great many such cases with Sticta.
8th.-Magd. Hauser, aged forty-two. Influenza. Sticta.
996
NEW REMEDIES.
September 29th.-Cough gone; pressure in the chest and abdo-
men, more in the left side.
Caught cold when her courses were on.
Sticta.
October 1st.-Cured.
9th.-Emma Russ, aged sixteen years. Otalgia, noise and beating
in the back part of the head. Pimples on the face. Sticta.
September 11th.-Well, except the pimples. Sepia 30th.
10th.-Louis Walker, aged thirty-six.
diarrhoea. Sticta.
September 7th.-Improving. Sticta.
September 9th.-Cured.
Influenza with bilious
Loose cough with
11th.-Annie Wiebold, thirty-five years old.
free expectoration; worse from midnight to morning.
September 9th.-Cured.
Sticta.
12th.-William Coleman, aged sixty-six. Coryza, the result of
sunstroke, comes back every middle of August, when not exposed;
if exposed to the sun in July, it comes on then. Itching in the
nose; when careless, it goes to the chest; suffers now severely with
it in the chest and head. Sticta.
August 31st.-No better. Aconite 3d. Greatly improved.
Aconite.
September 5th.-Cured; never cured in so short a time before.
13th. Stephen McCue, aged four years, had measles five
weeks ago, which never came out well; cough worse night and
morning; some emaciation; restless sleep on account of the cough.
Sticta.
first.
September 15th and 19th.-Steady improvement and cure. Sticta
14th.--John Holt, aged seven years. Barking cough like whoop-
ing cough, from catching cold. Cured by Sticta in a few days.
16th.-Peter Weidman, aged forty-three.
October 1.-Influenza, when cough comes on he can hardly
breathe choking sensation in the throat, free expectoration; slime
coated tongue with indigestion. Sticta.
October 2d.-State the same.
Sticta.
October 4th.-No improvement. Bryonia, Mercurius.
October 6th.-Cured.
17th.-Philip West, aged seven months.
October 3d.-Diarrhoea mucosa, and loose cough. Sticta.
October 5th. and 6th.-Some rattling in the throat yet. Cough
and diarrhoea improviug. Sticta.
October 7th.-Only restless at night now.
October 9th-Cured.
18th.-Julie Eitler, aged nine months.
October 22d.-Diarrhoea, dentition, cough, and rattling in the
chest. Passages green, like chopped eggs.
October 24th.-Diarrhoea improving, but cough the same still.
Sulphur,
STICTA PULMONARIA.
997
November 4th-Slimy diarrhoea again. Cough abating. Sulphur.
November 12th.-Cured.
19th,-Charles Bennet, aged twelve years.
October 26th.-Catarrh of the head for four years. Sneezing
mornings, with greenish discharges; frontal headache and epistaxis.
Sticta.
October 25th.-Less bleeding from the nose.
arm often benumbed and cold.
Sticta.
Left foot and right
November 4th,-Free from catarrh, but full of boils. Sticta.
November 20th.-Entirely well.
Catarrhal Symptoms.-(See Dr. Burdick's proving.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The symptoms which led to the use of
Sticta in catarrhal affections, were rather premonitory than actual.
No discharge from the nasal or respiratory passages occurred, but the
pains in the body, extremities, head, eyes, etc., that usher in catarrhs,
were caused.
The following brief references to the Sticta are from the American
Homeopathic Observer, of July, 1864 :
Dr. F. Bathrick cured a case of catarrh with Sticta, after
failure with the ordinary remedies. He proposes trying it in the
form of inhalation.
Dr. B. M. Pettitt, finding that an epidemic influenza prevailing
in Cayuga county, New York, would not yield to the usual remedies,
resorted to Sticta, and had the most gratifying success.
Timothy Baker, Esq., says, that "Mrs. Baker has been very
much benefitted by Sticta, used for her cough, (character of cough
not reported.)
Dr. Jno. C. Fall, says, "I have used the Sticta pulmonaria with
very happy effect. I wish I had time to write of the remedy in ex-
tenso, but may in future."
Dr. C. W. Boyce writes, July 16th, 1864 :-" Dr. Lodge,-Dear
Sir.-In the July number of your Observer, I notice a reference to
Sticta, in Catarrh. This remedy has been of the greatest value in
this vicinity, in that troublesome disease. During the past spring,
there was an epidemic influenza which affected nearly every one, and
which produced symptoms quite unusual here. These consisted of an
excessive dryness of the nasal mucous membrane, which became
painful. The secretions were so quickly dried, that they were dis-
charged after great effort, in form as hard as scabs; the soft palate
felt like dried leather; deglutition became painful from the same
cause. Often, the catarrh extended to the chest, leaving an irritation
lasting for weeks. There was, usually, a distinct exacerbation in the
latter part of the day, and fore part of the night; the morning hours
were nearly free from the distress. Sticta was the only remedy that
relieved"
Dr. Silas Jones, of New York City, reports his experience with
Sticta pulmonaria, in pulmonary affections:
"Last summer, two cases of pulmonary consumption came under
my treatment at advanced stages. When I first saw them, they were
998
NEW REMEDIES.
The
both suffering terribly with almost continued racking coughs, lasting
for hours and producing great exhaustion. One was a widow, aged
fifty years, of light complexion and nervous temperament.
Sticta promptly relieved the cough, and she seemed so much more
comfortable that her friends had hope of her recovery. But her
pulse continued unchanged, and after some two months, she suc-
cumbed to the disease, but was most of the time quite comfortable.
When expectoration became necessary, it was free and gave relief
without any cough.
"The other was the case of a colored woman, aged about thirty.
She had been declining for years.
When I was first called to her, I
had no hope of her recovery; she was supposed to be quite near her
end. Her cough was incessant. I gave her Sticta as I did in the
other case, rather freely, eight or ten drops of the tincture in half a
tumbler of water, with directions to take some as often as the cough
set in. By this means the cough was arrested, and she continued
some two months. I have promptly, almost entirely, arrested hooping
cough with Sticta, in three cases-all children. It was given at an
early stage; no other remedy. I used the tincture in solution, rather
freely. One of these children is subject to attacks of croup. She
was violently attacked about two in the morning, and the mother,
having no other remedy at hand, gave her one drop of the tincture
in a few drops of water, and in twenty minutes she went quietly to
sleep, and was quite well when she awoke.
The mother gave one drop more the next forenoon, and another
before bed-time. There was no return of the croup. It may be a
valuable remedy taken thus early, in croup, before a false membrane
has formed. I find that it promotes sleep, where there is wakefulness,
preferring it to Coffea. The use of Sticta in hooping cough and
croup is new with me.
The following testimony in favor of its use seems quite conclusive
that it has some decided influence over such disorders. Dr. Bur-
dick writes
"A few weeks previous to the above experiments, I was attacked
with catarrh of the head, to which I was subject and had been for
five years; at times it was very severe, obliging me to keep my bed
for a week at a time. The above attack was one of the severest I
had ever experienced. I discharged quantities of bloody pus from
the nose and throat, and it left me with a distressing cough, and op-
pression of the lungs, causing the feeling of a hard mass collected in
them. The cough was at first dry and hacking, from tickling in the
larynx, which finally extended to the lungs. During the day, I was
comparatively free from cough, but it returned every evening about
6 o'clock, and would continue the entire night, being almost incessant.
I could not sleep nor lie down. All treatment failed to afford the
slightest relief, and I had become completely worn out from the
cough and want of sleep. I now prepared a tincture from Sticta,
and put a few drops in a tumbler of water. At 1 o'clock, P. M., I
took a teaspoonful, and continued to repeat it every hour during the
afternoon. At 10 o'clock, r. m., my cough had not returned, as I had
STICTA PULMONARIA.
999
coughed but once or twice during the evening; but on retiring that
night there was a slight return, lasting perhaps for a half hour, after
which I slept quietly all night. The next day I took of the medicine
several times, and had no return of cough.
2d.—Some two weeks after, I took a slight cold, which brought on
catarrh in the head again. There came with it a slight cough, which
increased, and in the evening it was quite troublesome. I took of
Sticta two or three times during the evening; and, to my great sur-
prise, I awoke the next morning perfectly free from catarrh and
cough. These results of trials of Sticta on myself in disease, induced
me to attempt the proving above reported. The following notes of
cases treated by this remedy may show its ordinary operations in the
forms of disease in which its powers have been most frequently
tested.
3d.-December 12th, Mrs. S., had taken a severe cold, had a hard,
racking cough, aggravated by every inspiration, and there was con-
siderable oppression of the chest. At 6 o'clock, P. M., I gave her
Sticta tincture, a few drops in a tumbler of water, a teaspooonful to
be taken every half hour. The next morning she coughed but very
little, said she was well, and the medicine was discontinued. A few
days after she was caught out in the rain, got her feet wet, took a
severe cold, and coughed worse than before.
In the evening I gave
her Sticta as before; the cough ceased after she had taken a few
doses; and the next morning she was feeling quite well.
4th.-January, 1860, Mr. B., aged fifty-six years, was suffering
from soreness of the throat of long standing, I gave Mercurius third,
with favorable results. A few days after, I found him suffering from
coryza, I gave him Sticta tincture, a few drops in a tumbler of water,
teaspoonfull to be taken every hour. But a few doses had been taken
when great relief was experienced. He had been subject to frequent
attacks of a similar character for ten or fifteen years. I continued
the remedy, night and morning, for a week or more, as it appeared to
affect his throat favorably. While taking the remedy, he was ex-
posed a good deal, and took a severe cold; but he was entirely free
from those distressing symptoms of coryza, which had for many years
accompanied the slightest cold. He had been treated by several
homoeopathic physicians, besides taking quantities of allopathic medi-
cines; but he never experienced any decided benefit from any of
them. In February following, he had a slight attack, and I gave him
Sticta tincture as before. He said the first dose gave him great relief.
This was in the evening. The next morning he was entirely free
from all traces of the troubles of the previous evening. I met him
almost daily for two years after, during which time he had no return
of the disease.
5th.—The next case was that of a young lady who was subject to
coryza. During one week of these attacks, which came on in the
morning, I was requested too see her.
sneezing almost incessantly; with a
side of the forehead, extending down
tingling in the right side of the nose.
In the afternoon I found her
feeling of fullness in the right
to the root of the nose, with
Sticta tincture was given as in
1000
NEW REMEDIES.
previous cases. Two doses effected the cure, and the next day she
was feeling perfectly well. Previous attacks lasted from three days
to a week.
Mental and Nervous Symptoms.-Inability to concentrate the
mind upon any one subject; a general confusion of ideas; her leg
felt as though it was floating in the air, feeling light and airy, without
any sensation of resting on the bed.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It appears to be indicated in the men-
tal confusion accompanying some catarrhs; also in hysteria; and
the following cases reported by Dr. Burdick, would appear to prove
it to be indicated in certain choreic disorders.
1st.-Mrs. F., aged about forty years, had hemorrhage of the
bowels. She had lost large quantities of blood during the previous
weeks, looked pale and ghastly, and could scarcely walk, she had be-
come so reduced. I gave Hamamelis, which arrested the hemor-
rhage; but she could not sleep, and had not for over a week, saying
that as soon as it came night, her feet and legs would dance and jump
around in spite of her, so that she was compelled to either hold them
down on the floor with her own hands, or have some one hold them
for her; and as soon as she would lie down, her limbs felt as though
they were floating in the air as light as feathers. This brought to
mind what had happened to the last patient, and I administered
Sticta, first, a few drops in a tumbler of water. To commence taking
a tablespoonful as soon as the above symptoms should re appear, and
repeat every hour, The next morning at about six o'clock, the
dancing commenced. The medicine was repeated every hour until
eleven o'clock, when she slept for the first time in over a week, did
not awaken until seven next morning. Medicine discontinued during
the day.
Next evening symptoms returned, but not so severe.
Medicine repeated every hour. Fell asleep at 10 P. M. Slept quietly
until awakened next morning. Next evening slight recurrence. Two
or three doses of Sticta were given, and she slept quietly all night.
Next evening no recurrence; Sticta one or two doses; slept at 7 r.
M., did not awaken until the next morning. Medicine discontinued.
Recovery rapid without any further medication.
2d.-A lady about fifty years of age, complaining of attacks of
great anxiety about the heart. Very nervous. Had had a good deal
of mental trouble, Ignatia and Digitalis afforded great relief; but
after two or three months she called, saying that she was troubled at
night by awaking with a strange sensation about the heart, and for a
few moments after she would feel as though she was floating in the
air. A few doses of Sticta first, effected a complete cure. In coughs
and colds, it has proved very efficient. I have never used a remedy
which has been so efficacious in procuring quiet, refreshing sleep as
Sticta. I have given it when all other remedies have failed, and
have never save in one or two cases, has it disappointed me; and
now if I have a patient who cannot sleep, it is my first resort.
have reported two cases of rheumatism which it has cured almost by
I
STICTA PULMONARIA.
1001
:
magic. I have also given it in several cases in which it produced
not the slightest effect; but in these cases there was not a perfect
representation of the drug in the disease.
Head.-A dull sensation in the head, with sharp, darting pains
through the vertex, side of the face, and lower jaw; dull, heavy
pressure in the forehead and at the root of the nose; darting pain in
the temporal region.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Burdick found it very useful in
catarrhal headaches, as will be seen by his cases under the head of
"Catarrh." It has also been used successfully in another variety of
headache. Dr. S. Lilienthal, of New York City, in an article enti-
tled "Cases from my Note Book,"* reports the following case of
cephalalgia, or "sick-headache," cured with Sticta:
F
"Miss A. M., eighteen years of age, delicate from childhood up.
* * * She menstruated for the first time when thirteen years
old, and since then she has suffered continually from sick headache.
When these dreadful attacks come on, she has to lie down; light and
noise aggravating it; perfectly impossible to swallow anything; nau-
sea and vomiting, nearly to faintness. These paroxysms commonly
last several days, and leave great debility in their train.
She never
was a good eater, as her stomach seems deranged; but enjoys, other-
wise, pretty fair health. No cough whatever, although she looks like
a phthisical patient. Allopathy and homoeopathy have, until now,
tried in vain to alleviate these attacks. Being on a visit to an aunt
here in the city, she had one of her migranes. Sticta being a great
favorite in that family, the young lady was prevailed on to try the
new remedy, and for a wonder she appeared that evening, at dinner,
free from headache and enjoying the meal. She took a bottle of
Sticta home with her, and we hope her joyful anticipations of eradi-
cating her troubles with it may be verified."
[Dr. Lutes, a prover of Sticta, got no symptoms but severe
headache.]
Eyes.-Burning in the eyelids, with soreness of the ball on
closing the lids, or turning the eyes.
The following cases are reported by Dr. Burdick:
1st.-Rose Caen, aged 13 years.
September 23d.-Had small-pox a few weeks ago, and has ophthal-
mia variolosa yet. Conjunctiva inflamed. Says she cannot see
plainly. Pains worse when shutting the eyes. Sticta.
September 26th.-Great improvement; ball clearer; vessels in
the lower part of the eye full yet. Sticta.
September 29th.-Improvement continues. Sticta.
October 3d, Caught fresh cold; keratitis and conjunctivitis with
great photophobia. Aconite, followed by Apis.
October 4th.--Improving. Apis.
*North Amer. Jour. Hom., vol. XV, p. 72.
65
1002
NEW REMEDIES.
November 6th.-Was nearly well, till she caught cold again; has
now conjunctivitis, burning pains, photophobia, hepatic eruption on
the face. Apis during the day, Tr. Sulphur at night.
October 12th.-Improvement. Sulphur.
November 4th.-Cured.
2d.—August 20th,—Mrs. M., came to me, complaining of head-
ache with severe pain in the eyes, which felt very sore on closing the
lids or turning the eye-ball. The pains and soreness as she described
them, were very similar to those I experienced while making the
above provings, and I prescribed Sticta, first, five drops to a tumbler
of water, a tablespoonfull to be taken every two hours.
August 27th.-Reports greatly relieved soon after taking the
medicine. Sticta continued as before.
August 28th.-Reports perfectly well.
Face.-Darting pains in side of face.
Jaws. Darting, sharp pains in lower jaw.
Nose.-Feeling of fullness at root of the nose; heavy pressure in
the root of the nose.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms all resemble the
pains of a catarrhal attack. The medicine has been found very use-
ful in ophthalmia, coryza, chronic catarrh of the nasal passages,
otalgia, etc.
3
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA.
(Queen's-root.)
ANALOGUES.—Alnus ; Aurum ; Arsenicum; Ampelopsis; Calcarea
carbonica, Corydalis; Chimaphila; Causticum; Cistus; Graphites;
Hepar sulphur; Iris versicolor; Iodium; Juglans; Kali hydriodicum ;
Kali bicromicum; Lachesis; Lycopodium; Mercurius; Mercurius
iodatus; Phytolacca; Podophyllum; Phosphorus ; Rumex crispus ;
Sarsaparilla; Sanguinaria; Sulphur ; Thuya.
+
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. This plant is known also by the name
of Queen's-delight, yaw-root, and silver-leaf; it is an indigenous per-
ennial, with herbaceous stems, two or three feet high. The leaves
are alternate, sessile, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, serrulate,
tapering at the base, and accompanied with stipules. The male and
female flowers are distinct upon the same plant; they are yellow,
and arranged in the form of a spike, of which the upper part is occu-
pied by the male, and the lower by the female flowers. The male
florets are scarcely longer than the bracteal scales.
HISTORY.-This plant is found growing in pine-barrens and
sandy soils from Virginia to Florida, and in Mississippi and Louis-
iania, flowering from April to July. When wounded, the plant emits
a milky juice.
It
The root, which is the officinal portion, is large, thick, and woody,
in long cylindrical pieces, from one-third of an inch to more than an
inch thick, wrinkled when dried, externally of a dirty yellowish-
brown color, and exhibiting, when cut across, an interior soft, yel-
lowish, ligneous portion, surrounded by a pinkish-colored bark,
has a slight, peculiar, somewhat oleaginous odor, which is strong
and acrimonious in the recent root, and the taste is bitterish and pun-
gent, leaving an impression of disagreeable acrimony in the mouth.
and fauces. It imparts its virtues to water or alcohol, and deteriorates
in activity by age. Its properties appear to be owing to a very acrid
oil. It also contains resin, woody fiber, coloring matter, extractive,
etc.
The Oil of Stillingia, so called by its manufacturers, is more
properly an alcoholic fluid extract. It is composed of about 40 per
cent of oil, with the remainder consisting of extractive, resin, etc.
It is prepared by adding alcohol, 95 per cent, to the recent root of
Stillingia, and making a saturated tincture; then distill off the alco-
hol. The residue is the preparation sold, and used as the Oil of
Stillingia. Upon standing for a length of time, a flocculent deposit
takes place, of a reddish-brown character. A similar preparation is
made with ether, by displacement and evaporation. It forms a more
consistent liquid, probably holding more fixed oil. The above oil, or
alcoholic fluid extract of Stillingia, is of a dark, brownish-red color,
of a strong, peculiar, not unpleasant odor, and of a faint taste at first,
1004
NEW REMEDIES.
but in a short time followed by exceeding pungency and acridity,
very persistent in its character, and which is especially felt in the
throat and fauces, being accompanied with a very unpleasant sensa-
tion in the stomach if swallowed. The recent root affords a larger
quantity of oil than when old, probably because the oil becomes oxi-
dized, and changed to resin by age, and is no longer soluble in ether,
although the active principle of the article is but little impaired.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture: dilutions; tincture-tritur-
ations; Stillingin; triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-This plant is used in eclectic practice more
than any other. It supercedes, in that school, the Sarsaparilla, once
so highly estimated by the allopathists. It is, however, a much more
active medicinal plant than the latter, which is considered almost
inert by the latest medical authorities.
Wood and Stille, the two most prominent allopathic authorities do
not mention the Stillingia.
King and Scudder, and others, give the following eclectic estimate.
of its properties and uses:
"
Stillingia, in large doses, is emetic and cathartic, producing in
many instances, a peculiar, disagreeable, burning sensation in the
stomach or some part of the alimentary canal, accompanied with more
or less prostration of the system. In small doses, it is an alterative,
exerting an influence over all the secretions, which is unsurpassed by
any other known alterative. It is an eclectic remedy of much impor-
tance and value, and is extensively used in all the various forms of
primary and secondary syphilitic affections, in which it appears to
have almost a specific action; also in scrofulous, hepatic and cutan-
eous diseases, in which its administration is followed by the most
successful results. In the form of fluid extract, combined with oils
of Anise or Caraway, it has been found very beneficial in chronic
laryngeal and bronchial affections, and in leucorrhoea. Small pieces
of the recent root, chewed occasionally through the day, have effec-
tually and permanently cured laryngitis and bronchitis.
"The oil is entirely too acrid for internal use, unless it be well in-
corporated with some mucilaginous or saccharine substance,
and for internal use, the fluid extract, or syrup, will be found suffi-
ciently energetic and efficacious. But as an external stimulating
application, the oil will be found very valuable in many instances.
One drop of it placed upon the tongue, and repeated three or four
times a day, is reputed to have proved successful in cases of severe
croup. The dried root is inert or nearly so, hence its power is of no
utility. Dose of the tincture, from half a fluid-dram to a fluid-dram,
of the decoction, one or two fluid-ounces. This article is reputed to
reputed to have formed an ingredient of Swaim's Panacea; such is
not the case.
Rafinesque briefly says: "It is purgative, alterative and anti-
syphilitic. Very active, specific in yaws, sores, ulcers, syphilitic and
all venereal disases; also in lepra and elephantiasis.”
King's Dispensatory.
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA.
1005
Coe does not add much to the estimate of King. He admires the
Stillingin as the best preparation. The average dose he fixes at three
grains, three times a day. In over doses it will produce nausea and
Vomiting.' He advises it to be taken two hours after meals. If
taken a short time before meals it materially interferes with the
appetite."
He unwittingly gives a proof of the law of similia, when mention.
ing the use of the Stillingia in gonorrhoea. "One fact we have ob-
served, in connection with the employment of Stillingin in gonorrhoea,
and that is its tendency to provoke urethral irritation and chordee,
rendering its use in some cases inadmissable.” With the usual
allopathic stupidity, he says: "This property, however, renders it of
great value in the treatment of incontinence of urine, impotence and
sterility. In all atonic and paralytic affections of the generative
organs and urinary apparations it seems to be a remedy of much
value, also in leucorrhoea.'
""
Dr. Coe means to imply that it cures these last named diseases by
its antipathic action. This is not the case. It causes, primarily,
excitation and inflammation; secondarily, atony and passive dis-
charges. It is therefore homoeopathic to both conditions.
Dr. Scudder says: 'It has been extensively used by eclectic
physicians during the last fifteen years, and we hear but one report
of its action: that is, it is one of the most, if not the most, efficient
of the vegetable alteratives." He considers it most useful for “all
scrofulous diseases;" also in secondary and tertiary syphilis; and
even in "cachectic conditions," not caused by venereal poison.
In
Dr. Morrow believed it possessed valuable "pectoral and expec-
torant qualities." He made extensive use of of it in the incipient
stages of phthisis, complicated with a strumous habit; in
chronic bronchitis, laryngitis, and especially in that hoarseness and
chronic laryngeal affection to which public speakers are liable.
the last named affection, he regarded it as almost a specific, a small
piece of the root being masticated from time to time during the day,
and swallowed. He asserted that in these affections it invariably
afforded more relief than any other agent he had ever administered,
and others corroborate his statements. Some physicians prefer the
oil in these diseases.
Dr. Frost* (allopathist) is an enthusiastic believer in the great
virtues of the Stillingia. He says: "Few vegetable productions in
their recent state, exhibit more power concentrated in small compass,
or exercise an influence more energetic, upon the particular organs
to which they are applied, and through them to the system generally.
So powerful is this action exerted upon the capillary and secretory
vessels, in changing their morbid states and conditions, and thereby
disposing to a new and more healthful action; that in this respect, it
is nearly allied to Mercury, exerting an influence little inferior, in
many cases, and in others, greatly to be preferred. The operation of
this article extends further; it exerts an influence upon the lymphatic
* Charleston, S. C., Med. and Surg. Jour., p. 617.
#
1006
NEW REMEDIES.
vessels which Mercury cannot equal, and is therefore an important
medicine in diseases of that system. It is in chronic diseases and
chronic inflammations that the efficacy of Stillingia is best manifested,
and more particularly in the long train of consequences which follow
syphilis.'
""
Dr. Wm. M. Cornell, of Boston, (allopathist) has given strong
testimony in favor of this remedy in scrofula.* This writer contrasts
the value of Arsenic and Stillingia in diseases of the skin, and gives
the latter the credit of being the safest and best medicine.
From the above we might hastily arrive at the conclusion that
Stillingia was a panacea for a large class of obstinate and chronic
maladies. One fact, however, should lead us to be cautious in our
deductions from allopathic or eclectic testimony, namely, the unfor-
tunate habit of physicians of those schools, of combining with it other
drugs, like Iodide of potassa, etc. I have carefully examined all the
clinical reports in the literature of the opposite schools, but can find
only a few cases of disease where the Stillingia was used alone
until the diseases or symptoms were removed.
These cases are so
valuable that a synopsis of the most important is here given:
Dr. Thomas Y. Simons, Port Physician, and Chairman of the
Board of Health, of Charleston, S. C., in a paper on the Stillingia,†
declares : I have used this plant for twenty years, and have found
it the best vegetable alterative, separate or combined with Sarsapa-
rilla, especially where Mercury is inadmissible, or to counteract the
ill effects of Mercury.'
""
Dr. Simons reports the following cases in which Stillingia was
given alone, and effected a cure:
"The patient was a little girl who had an enlargement of the
tibia to such a degree as to deprive her of all power of motion. En-
largements also existed in various other parts of the body, resembling
nodes, upon the olecranon process, upon the head, and one in par-
ticular, upon the forehead, of the size of an egg. The bones of the
nose were much affected, inasmuch as to cause considerable depres-
sion. The condition of this patient was in a high degree distressing;
seated in a chair, with the limbs contracted and swollen, she bid
fair to pass a miserable and protracted existence, a burthen to her-
self, and a source of anguish, distress, and trouble to her parents.
Various remedies, altcratives, mercurials, had been tried by a phy-
sician long in attendance, with but little benefit. I determined upon
a trial of Stillingia. The infusion was employed. Recent Stillingia
root, four drams; water, one pound; simmered till one-third was
dissipated. This quantity was drank during the twenty-four hours, in
such doses as not to nauseate the stomach in any degree. The
medicine was continued for some months, and at the expiration of
several, she was so much improved as to be able to move about with
the aid of a stick, have the free use of her limbs, and the swellings,
particularly those on the forehead, considerably reduced. The patient
- Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, volume LVII., page 39.
| American Medical Recorder, Philadelphia, April, 1828.
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA.
1007
has every appearance at the present time of being speedily restored
to a considerable degree of health."
In this case the medicine had a fair and unfettered trial, and it
certainly accomplished a great amount of curative action, as no
one can suppose that nature could do all that was done during the
use of the remedy.
The Stillingia has not been used to any extent in homœopathic
practice. No cases of disease have been reported in our
periodicals, treated with this medicine. I have used it in many cases
where Mercurius, Aurum, or Thuya were indicated but did no good,
and its effects seemed beneficial. No record was kept of these cases,
and the particular symptoms have escaped my memory.
In the absence of a series of extended provings, it is difficult to
make any homoeopathic estimate of its powers and effects. I have
placed among its analogues those remedies which I consider nearest
allied to it in general pathogenetic and curative action.
It is undoubtedly a powerful anti-psoric, as much so as any to be
found in Hahneman's Chronic Diseases, and I predict that its patho-
geneses when procured by exhaustive provings, will substantiate this
assertion.
in
Only one proving has been made of the Stillingia, and that an
imperfect and fragmentary one. It is, however, quite a decided ex-
periment, presenting several striking and characteristic symptoms.
The prover was a medical student, about twenty-five years of age,
good bodily health, with the exception of a chronic, inveterate skin
disease, a species of eczema, which had defied the attempts of
many physicians of all schools to effect a cure. The proving was
undertaken in the hope of causing some curative results, but the dis-
ease was only temporarily ameliorated. I do not think the experi-
ment was persisted in for a sufficient length of time to effect any
permament result. Like all the anti-psorics, its duration of action is
quite extended, especially when taken in dynamic doses. In the
crude doses in which it was taken, it was perhaps eliminated too
rapidly. The sixth dilution might have acted more satisfactorily as
a curative agent.
PROVING BY DR. A. B. NICHOLS.
Dec. 16th, 1865.-8:30 P. M., took 10 drops of the tincture; in 10
minutes a feeling of nausea; 20 minutes, a dull heavy pain in the
frontal portion of the head; constriction of the larynx; a feeling as
if I had a heavy substance pressing on my brain, the front part, pain
becomes more sharp and darting, in fact almost unendurable; heavy
pain in the hypogastric region; dizziness in the head; smarting,
stinging in the fauces. Symptoms very marked; after an hour sub-
siding, leaving a feeling of rawness and smarting in the fauces.
o'clock P. M., sharp darting pains through the chest and shoulder,
very marked; boring pains about the region of the heart; pulse ir-
regular; feel quite distressed; dull pain in the head; dryness of the
fauces.
11
1008
NEW REMEDIES.
9 P.
17th.-10 A. M., took 10 drops; slight returns of the former symp-
toms; smarting, stinging, and dryness in the fauces all day.
M., took 10 drops.
18th.-Rested well all night; bitter taste in the morning. 9 A.
M., took 10 drops. 1 P. M., have felt most miserable all the forenoon;
pains in the head; eyes inflamed and watery; soreness of the muscles ;
feel as though I had taken a severe cold. 2 P. M., took 10 drops;
immediate aggravation of the symptoms; throbbing and dizziness in
the head; smarting and stinging pains in the fauces; oppression of
the chest; pulse 90. 3 P. M., pulse 100; violent frontal headache ;
slight perspiration; stinging, darting pains in the face; constriction
of the larynx; colic-like pains; violent pains in the umbilical region.
11 P. M., took 10 drops and went to bed.
19th. 9 o'clock A. M., took 10 drops: no prominent effects. 2 P.
M., 10 drops; headache and smarting pains in the fauces.
20th.—9 A. M., took 10 drops; darting pains through the thorax;
tickling in the throat and short hacking cough.
21st.-Cough continues, at times quite severe,
23d.-Violent, smarting, burning pains through the entire course
of the urethra, aggravated by micturition; difficulty in passing urine.
The pains continued for two hours so great that it was impossible for
me to remain quiet; dull pain in the region of the kidneys.
28th.-Have taken none of the drug since the 20th. No new
symptoms; pains in the urethra severe at times, during micturition;
can detect no discharge.
SECOND PROVING.
January 4th, 1866.-10 o'clock, A. M., took ten drops of the tinc-
ture. 2 P. M., slight headache, and dryness and tickling of the
fauces, with a short, hacking cough; symptoms very much as before.
11 P. M., upon passing water there was a sharp pain in the glans
penis, extending up the urethra. Took ten drops and went to bed.
5th. Awoke this morning with a dull pain across the region of
the kidneys, and sharp pains in the penis; short, hacking cough ;
fauces inflamed. 10 P. M., pains in the urethra and kidneys have
continued all day; have been obliged to discontinue the drug on this
account.
10th.-Have taken no more of the drug. The cough, and pain in
the urethra, have not entirely subsided.
NOTE.-These symptoms were all well marked. Others, less
prominent, arose, but I did not take time to record them. I was in
my usual health at the time of commencing the proving, and the
effects were so severe, at times, as to render me unfit for study. The
first pain that I experienced in the urethra, was so severe as to
cause the perspiration to start. I feared that something might be
the matter, but upon its disappearing, and subsequent return upon
recommencing the drug, I was sure that it was the drug action. The
symptoms are none of them imaginary.
TRILLIUM PENDULUM.
(Beth root.)
ANALOGUES. —Arum; Asarum; Alnus (?) ; Copaiva;
Chimaphila; Erigeron; Erechthites; Gallic acid; Geranium:
Hamamelis, Hepatica(?); Pulsatilla(?); Rhus glabrum; Sanguinaria;
Senecio; Secale; Sabina; Tannin; Terebinthina; Ura ursi.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Root oblong, tuberous, from which
arises a slender stem, from ten to fifteen inches in height. Leaves,
three, whorled at the top of the stem, sub-orbicular rhomboidal, ab-
rubtly acuminate, from three to five inches in diameter, on petioles
about a line in length. Flowers, white, solitary, terminal, cernuous, on
a recurved peduncle, from one to two and a half inches long. Sepals
green, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, an inch long. Petals, oblong-
ovate, acute, one and a quarter inches in length, by half an inch
broad. Styles three, erect with curved stigma.
HISTORY.-This plant is common to the Middle and Western
States, growing in rich soils, in damp, rocky, and shady woods, and
flowering in May and June. Wood enumerates nine species indi-
genous to this country. King says "nearly all the species are
medicinal, and possess analogous properties; among them the T.
Erythrocarpum, T. Grandiflorum, T. Sessile, T. Erectum, and T.
Nivale are the most common, and consequently the most frequently
collected and employed. These may be known by their three verti-
cillate, net-veined leaves, and their solitary terminal flower, which
varies in color in the different species, being white, red, purple,
whitish yellow, or reddish-white. Some have the peduncle erect, others
recurved." The common names of the species are Wake-Robin,
Birth-root, Indian-balm, Lamb's quarter and Ground-lily.
PHARMACOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.-From the remarks of King,
quoted above, from the Eclectic Dispensatory, we learn that it is a
matter of indifference which, or how many species of Trillium go to
make up the preparations in use in that school. It is my conviction
that no reliable knowledge can be gained by using a preparation made
in this loose manner. For use in disease, some definite, reliable
tincture, made from a single species should be used. I am satisfied,
however, from my inquiries, that none of the tinctures or triturations
now in use by homoeopathists is prepared from the Trillium pendulum
alone. We must adopt one of two methods—either one species ex-
clusively, or several combined.
If the T. pendulum is scarce, not sufficient to meet the demands,
several species may be used in definite, equal proportions, not vary-
ing after once fixed upon.
The roots of these plants are oblong or terate, somewhat tuberous,
dark or brownish externally, white internally, from one to five inches
in length, and from half an inch to an inch and a half in diameter, beset
66
1010
NEW REMEDIES.
with a few branching fibres, laterally. They have a faint, slightly
terebinthinate odor, and a peculiar aromatic and sweetish taste;
when chewed, they import an acrid, astringent impression in the
mouth causing a flow of saliva, and a sensation of heat in the
throat and fauces; The rootlets have but little of the acrimony of the
root.
"The root yields its active principles to water, and its tonic and
stimulant virtues to diluted alcohol."-King Homoeopathic tinc-
tures should be made with diluted alcohol. The active principle,
Trillin, is manufactured and used quite extensively. The Trilline,
prepared by Prof. E. S. Wayne, of Cincinnati, is not used in medi-
cine, being the "acrid principle." One of the most active constitu-
ents of the Trillium is undoubtedly volatile. The roots are said to
contain a volatile oil, Tannic acid, etc.
The root of the T. atro-purpureum, or purple species, is generally
believed to be the most active. "The Trillium has somewhat tuber-
ous roots, having a faint, slightly terebinthinate odor, like cedar,
and a peculiar aromatic taste. Tannin and a bitter extractive,
however, form two of its active ingredients, to which its medicinal
effects are doubtless owing."—Lee.
Nothing seems more ridiculous and puerile to the rational physi-
cian, particularly the homoeopathist, than the senseless reiteration
that "certain drugs owe their medicinal power to the Tannin, or
other chemical principle, which they happen to contain." Thus, they
(the allopaths,) decree that Trillium arrests flooding, etc., because it
is an astringent, and the Tannin is the curative principle; they
blindly deny the specific (dynamic) action of drugs, and therefore,
are obliged to take up with all such absurd subterfuges. Geranium
maculatum contains more Tannin than any other plant, yet possesses
no specific control over hemorrhages, which the Trillium undoubtedly
does.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions. Triturations of
the root. Trillin; triturations.
* *
MEDICAL HISTORY." I have, says Rafinesque,*"the pleasure to
introduce this fine genus into the Materia Medica.
It has been neg-
lected by all our writers, although well known to our herbalists. *
Almost all the species may be used indifferently, although the
Indians have a notion that those with red blossoms (which they call
male,) are the best for men; and those with white blossoms (called
female) are best for women's complaints. The Indians value them
as astringents in leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, and after parturition.
The T. tinctorum is one of the red paints of the Indians. They call
all species, mochar-new-achar, or "heat and cold;" it is their pallia-
tive for consumption." Rafinesque says all the species are good for
hemorrhages.
"it
Eclectics esteem this plant highly, but have varying estimates of
its usefulness and powers.
* Rafinesque's Medical Botany, (1825,) page 102.
TRILLIUM PENDULUM.
1011
Allopathists hardly ever use it, having a general abhorrence or
contempt for indigenous remedies.
No
Homoeopathicians have used it to a certain extent; a few before,
and more after the publication of the first edition of this work.
provings have yet appeared, and we must therefore be content with
empirical testimony, from all schools.
GENERAL EFFECTS.
In the jargon of the old schools, Trillium is said to be "tonic, as-
tringent and alterative."
Nervous System.-No known effects.
Muscular System.-No direct effects.
Glandular System.-No known action.
Vascular System.-Nothing definite is known concerning its
action on the heart and blood vessels, but from its known power over
hæmorrhages, we may conclude that it has some influence over the
contractile coats of the large vessels or the capillary system.
"astrin-
Mucous Membrane.-It is generally considered that the Trillium
has some influence on this membrane, vaguely estimated as
gent and tonic." Eclectics have used it with alleged advantage in
chronic diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, and as a local application in aphthous
conditions, and diphtheria.
Hæmorrhages. (See the testimony under the various organs.)
The following general statements may be of interest:
Prof. Lee says:
From all I have observed, and can gather
from others, I am led to believe that the Trillium is one of our most
valuable tonics, astringents, alteratives, and especially beneficial in
most cases of passive, atonic hemorrhages, as menorrhagia, etc. Less
astringent than many other plants, it is far more alterative and tonic,
yet it has decided efficacy, as an astringent, when this indication is
present. The late Dr. Williams used the powdered root in all kinds
of active hemorrhages, in doses of one drachm to an adult, repeated
according to the urgency of the symptoms. Dr. Stone, of Mass., has
made very extensive use of it, in all forms of bleeding, especially
from the womb and lungs, and, as he thinks, with great and decided
benefit. In the various forms of scrofula and cutaneous diseases, he
has also seen great advantage from its use. In popular practice, the
Beth root is used in parturition, and is believed to facilitate the birth
of the child, hence its name. Dr. Lee found it employed extensively
for this purpose, among the Chippewa Indians on Lake Superior.
They also believed it to be a certain specific for the bite of the
rattlesnake. It seemed to be their favorite remedy in all female
complaints, especially those attended with discharges; indeed the
evidence in its favor, in cases of vaginal and uterine leucorrhoea, is
very strong and satisfactory; also in passive bronchorrhoea and
hæmoptysis." Dr. Coe (Concentrated Organic Med.) says: "Its
1012
NEW REMEDIES.
dynamic influences are chiefly directed towards the mucous surfaces,
over which it seems to exercise a special control. Though mostly
employed in affections of the uterine system, it is nevertheless, of
great utility in the treatment of all diseases involving the mucous
It is decidedly antiseptic, and is useful in correcting a
tendency to putrescency of the fluids, and the foetor of critical
discharges. Slight hemorrhages occurring from wounds, cancerous
ulcerations, etc., may be corrected by its local application."
Skin.-Applied to erysipelatous and other ulcers, it is said to
restrain the profuse discharges; slight hemorrhages, occurring from
wounds, cancerous ulcerations, etc., may be arrested by the same
means.
Nose.—“A solution of the Trillin, or the dry powder, snuffed up
the nostrils, will immediately check an epistaxis.”—Coe.
This use
of Trillium is quite common in domestic practice. It is asserted, on
good authority, that epistaxis may be arrested by smelling of the
recent root. I found it to act promptly in a case of obstinate passive
epistaxis, after other remedies had failed; it was given in five
drop doses of the first dilution, and a solution of the same strength,
was snuffed up the nostrils.
· Mr. W. S. Merrill states that the red Beth-roots will check
ordinary epistaxis, by merely smelling the freshly exposed surface of
the recent root, and he supposes, therefore, that they contain an
astringent principle, of a volatile nature."-King. Why an astrin-
gent principle?
Teeth.—A small quantity of the powder, or cotton saturated with
the tincture, introduced into the cavity from which a tooth has been
extracted, will effectually arrest the hemorrhage.
Mouth.—“ It is useful in cancrum oris; putrid sore throat, etc.,
and as a wash or gargle.”—Coe. “Good in aphthæ and diphtheria."
Paine.
Stomach, etc.-Heat in the stomach; burning in the stomach;
thirst; increase of appetite; heat rising up from the stomach into the
œsophagus.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms were noticed in
several cases, from the 1st decimal trituration. It is recommended
in dyspepsia by eclectic physicians. Theoretically, I would suggest
it in "gastric catarrh;" also erosion of the mucous coat, with hæm-
atemesis.
Abdomen, Stool, etc.-Constipation; hard, dry stool.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is undoubtedly useful in chronic
diarrhoea, where the discharges are mainly of mucus, or of bloody
mucus; in dysentery, when the amount of blood is considerable, and
TRILLIUM PENDULUM.
1013
the discharges are foetid, after the acute stage, and when the disease
threatens to become chronic. It is evident that a remedy which
exercises such specific power over passive hemorrhages from nearly all
mucous membranes, should be useful in chronic intestinal discharges
of that character.
Urinary Organs.—It is highly recommended in hæmaturia. Its
action on the urinary organs is similar to that of Uva ursi, Chima-
phila and Copaiva. Dr. King says:
“An infusion of equal parts of
Trillium and Lycopus vir. has been highly recommended for the cure
of diabetes." Dr. Jones* asserts: "I have used it freely in dia-
betes, and from the advantage derived from its use in those diseases,
we think it merits a conspicuous place among the list of our thera-
peutical agents, and one upon which much reliance can be placed in
that formidable disease.
Judging from its curative action in other diseases, it should prove
useful in chronic catarrh of the bladder, chronic urethritis, gleet, and
even in some conditions found in chronic nephritis.
Organs of Generation of Women.-There is considerable tes-
timony concerning its therapeutic action in diseases of these organs.
From allopathic and eclectic sources we have the following:
Dr. E. G. Wheeler reports the following cases illustrative of its
effects in flooding, menorrhagia, and leucorrhoea.*
Case 1.-Mrs. G., at the third month of pregnancy, was taken at
6 o'clock, A. M., with a bloody discharge from the uterus, with pain in
the back, considerable sickness at the stomach, and occasional chills.
I was called in at 9 o'clock; the flooding had greatly increased during
the last hour, and the patient fainted as I went into the room. The
pains had ceased-os uteri dilated to the size of a twenty-five cent
piece, but rather tense; loss of blood very great.
I made a strong
infusion of the Trillium root, and gave her two table-spoonfuls every
ten minutes; in half an hour the bleeding had greatly diminished ;
the infusion was continued, but given at rather longer intervals, and in
two hours from the time I was called in, the hemorrhage had ceased
altogether; pains returned during the following night, and the fœtus
was expelled with but very trifling loss of blood."
Case 2.-" Was called in at 4 o'clock P. M., to see Mrs. S., at the
full term of pregnancy; os uteri dilated to the size of half a dollar;
no pains; flooding excessive. Administered the Trillium as in the
preceeding case; it acted promptly, so that in a hour from the time
of giving the dose, the bleeding had entirely ceased. In about four
hours, labor pains came on, and she was shortly delivered of two
healthy children, with no more than the usual amount of hemorr-
hage."
At
Case 3.—“ Mrs. M., at about the third month of pregnancy, had
had slight uterine hemorrhage, for two or three days previous.
8 o'clock in the evening of the third day, she became alarmed by
* Materia Medica.
↑ Journal of Materia Medica, vol. ii.. p. 448.
1014
NEW REMEDIES.
sudden and excessive flooding. I was immediately called in, but her
fainting turns were so frequent and so protracted, that I could not
give the remedy as fast as I desired; and notwithstanding I brought
all the means to my aid, that I could command, I greatly feared I
should lose my patient; in about three hours, however, she had taken
an infusion, made with about three drachms of the bruised root as
nearly as I could judge, and the hemorrhage was perfectly controlled.
Thirty-six hours after this, pains came on, and the foetus was expelled
without any further trouble. It may not be amiss to state, that I
think I have found this remedy of decided utility in facilitating labor.
I have treated cases of leucorrhoea, satisfactorily. The plant I made
use of is the Trillium atro-purpureum.”
This is allopathic testimony, and better than the average; it is
surprising that the medicine was given alone. According to their
general usage, the physician should have given it in combination,
with Kino, Plumbum aceticum, or some powerful drug, and then
claimed it as a cure with the Trillium. The medicine was given in
large doses, yet not inordinately so-not more than two or three
drams of the mother tincture in each case. The specific curative
action was promptly manifested, apparently without inducing any
pathogenetic effects, showing that no injury was done by the material
doses. In the cases which follow, it will be seen that more minute
doses act just as well. It is decreed by some writers, that the Tril-
lium is most useful in passive hemorrhages, but the cases above re-
ported were of an opposite character. We have no proving of this
remedy showing its pathogenetic action upon the generative organs of
women, nor can we decide with any certainty, as to the pathological
states which it would induce in the uterine tissue. To say it acts by
giving tone to the uterus would not convey any exact idea, although
it actually has that effect; it stimulates the uterine nerves to healthy
action, and as a consequence we have muscular tonicity, and a healthy
condition of the mucous membranes. Hemorrhages from the uterus
either arise from relaxation or laceration of the blood vessels of that
organ, or from abrasion or relaxation of its mucous coats. Any drug,
therefore, whose symptoms correspond, will possess the power of
causing just such pathological changes, and will, therefore. cure simi-
lar lesions. The analogues of Trillium are Terebinthina, Sabina,
Pulsatilla and Erigeron canadensis.
Dr. Coe, (eclectic) writing of the Trillin, says: .*
"In the treatment of vaginal and uterine leucorrhoea, particularly
when of an atonic character, the Trillin will be found one of the most
reliable remedies, In foetid discharges from the vagina and uterus,
it may be employed in the form of injection, one dram of the pow-
dered root to one quart of hot water-used when cool.
But among
*
the most valuable of its hæmostatic properties is its power of restrain-
ing profuse lochial discharges. * * We have found the Trillium
exceedingly valuable in the treatment of prolapsus uteri, when of an
asthenic character, and dependent upon an atonic condition of the
* Concentrated Organic Medicines, article “ Trillin.”
TRILLIUM PENDULUM.
1015
uterine supports. In engorgements of the cervix uteri, chronic
vaginitis, passive hemorrhages of the uterus, it is an efficient remedy.",
The above is in the main correct, for it has been used in similar con-
ditions, in minute doses, and with success. I have found the 1st
decimal, or even the 3d decimal trituration, as successful as he claims
massive doses are.
Dr. Chamberlain,* of New Hampshire, recommends the "Trillium
in cases of uterine hemorrhage, and profuse flooding after confine-
ment." He prescribes half a teaspoonful of the powdered root in
molasses, repeated every ten or fifteen minutes. Dr. Freeland has
used it for thirty years, with success, in the same conditions.
The following clinical cases occurred in my own practice:
Case 1.-Menorrhagia.-Mrs. M., aged twenty-eight, had been sub-
ject for several years, to frequent and profuse menstruation. The men-
ses came on every fourteen days, and lasted seven or eight. In the in-
tervening periods, there was profuse leucorrhoea, of a yellowish color,
and creamy consistence. The blood was
The blood was once bright red, and but
lately, owing to her anæmic condition, has been pale and mixed with
a leucorrhoeal discharge. She took Crocus, Platina and Sabina, but
with no apparent benefit. Trillium second dec. was then given, in
doses of one grain, four times a day. The first effect noticed was a
diminution of the leucorrhoea, then the menses delayed one week.
The medicine was continued, and the next menstrual period came on
at the end of four weeks, and was not followed by leucorrhoea. She
was then put upon the use of Ferrum met. 1st dec., and Helonin 1st
dec., one grain of the former after taking meals and a similar dose of
the latter, before eating; and in a few weeks her strength and color
returned. Several other similar cases were treated with the same
medicine, and all recovered.
Case 2 —Metrorrhagia.-Mrs. S., aged forty-six, passing through
her climacteric, had occasional attacks of profuse flooding, at irregu-
lar times, so profuse as to bring her down very low; the blood was
thick, dark, and clotted, and would continue several days. The
attacks had been partially controlled by the use of Sabina and Crocus,
but being called during the first day of a seizure, I determined to
test the Trillium. Ten drops of the 1st dec. dilution were given every
half hour; in a few hours the flooding had decidedly diminished, and
subsided completely in two days. This was continued, in alternation
with Sanguinaria 3d, and she had no more attacks, but menstruation
ceased normally.
Case 3. Mrs. T., aged fifty, had been subject to attacks, similar
to the above, but was anæmic, dropsical, and much debilitated. Apis 2,
relieved the dropsy promptly; Helonin gave her more strength and
better digestion than she had had for months; and when her attack of
of flooding came on, Trillin 2d decimal, arrested it in two days. These
attacks were of a peculiar character; the discharge was pale, watery,
only slightly tinged with blood, but very profuse, accompanied with
*N. A. Jour. of Hom.. Vol. —, p. 438.
1016
NEW REMEDIES.
·
prostration, vertigo, dimness of sight, palpitation of the heart, and a
painful sense of sinking at the pit of the stomach.” All these
symptoms, which usually lasted eight or ten days under allopathic
treatment with Sulphuric acid, and Mur. tinc. Iron. subsided in two
days under the action of minute doses of Trillin. In this case the
discharge was really blood as much as if it had been red; but
such was her anæmia, that the red globules were very deficient. She
had become jaundiced, but under the use of Leptandra 2d decimal,
the liver resumed its normal functions, and her increased appetite
and digestion soon brought some color to her pallid cheeks.
Case 4.--Hemorrhage after abortion. The foetus and placenta
came away properly, but imprudence kept up the hemorrhage, which
was dark, sanious, and accompanied with pain in the back, dragging
in the loins, and soreness in the hypogastric region. All these
symptoms subsided after using Trillin 2d decimal for a few days.
Dr. J. C. Peterson, of Waterloo, N. Y., reports his experience
with this drug in Uterine hemorrhage:
Case 1.-Mrs. C., abortion in the 4th month, with retention of the
placenta. I was called in haste about midnight and found her flood-
ing excessively; extremities cold, face pale and anxious; the os
dilated and the body of the uterus firmly contracted-so much so that
it was impossible to remove the placenta by force. Gave Trillium
pendulum, two drops every fifteen minutes. She responded at once
to the action of this remedy. The next day the removal of the placenta
was attempted by means of the placenta forceps, but after an hours
trial I was forced to abandon the attempt. It ultimately became dis-
organized and passed on the sixth day. She had several attacks of
flooding during this time, but the Trillium succeeded in aresting it at
China, Secale, and Pulsatilla were given for other conditions.
The patient fully recovered.
once.
Case 2.—Miss A., aged 48. Menorrhagia at change of life. Was
called to visit her in haste, and found her almost exsanguinous. She
had been flowing freely for some ten days, and for the last few hours
the hemorrhage had been active. She presented all the physical
symptoms of excessive hemorrhage. Gave Trillium pendulum tincture,
three drops every fifteen minutes, which within an hour had completely
controlled the flooding. Secale corn. 3d followed the Trillium. The
patient has since that time, (Nov. '64) been well.
Case 3.-Mrs. B. Post partem hemorrhage. Was confined with
her third child. Her labors with the previous children had been
attended with almost fatal hemorrhage. Immediately following the
birth of the third child she was seized as in her former confinement.
Gave Trillium pendulum, a drop every five minutes, which arrested
the flooding immediately.
"In short, without citing other cases, I will say that I know of no
remedy in the Materia Medica that so certainly controls active
uterine hemorrhage. It excels Sabina, Secale, Hamamelis vir-
TRILLIUM PENDULUM.
1017
A certain class
ginica, Cinnamomum and all external applications.
of physicians may call the drugs in the new provings "new fangled
medicines," and sneer at their virtues, but I can assure them that the
introduction of this drug into our practice will more than repay all
the toil consequent upon the compilation of the New Remedies."
Catarrhal Affections.-It is recommended generally for chronic
catarrhal affections, especially for cough when dependent upon chronic
bronchitis, or laryngitis. In such cases it would seem to have an
effect similar to Copaiva, Stannum, or Pulsatilla.
Respiratory Organs.-Dr. Coe says: "In chronic cough, ac-
companied with spitting of blood, the Trillin is useful, and may be
combined with Lycopin." It has quite a reputation in hæmoptysis,
in the eclectic school. "Trillium has been found by us, a valuable
agent in hæmoptysis, also in the incipient stages of phthisis, with
bloody expectoration; even in the more advanced stages, with copious,
purulent expectoration, hectic fever, troublesome cough, etc., we
have found it useful."* It has even been recommended in asthma
(humid) and whooping cough, but upon rather unsatisfactory data.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-I would recommend my colleagues to
test this remedy in their practice, carefully noting its pathogenetic
symptoms, and curative results. The above is mainly suggestive and
clinical, but may serve as the basis upon which to build.
*Scudder-Materia Medica.
67
TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM.
(Fever Root.)
ANALOGUES.—Asclepias tuberosa, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Collinsonia,
Cornus, Euonymus, Ipecacuanha, Iris versicolor, Juglans, Leptandra,
Podophyllum, Pulsatilla, Sanguinaria.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Indigenous, with a perennial, thick
and fleshy root, subdivided into numerous, horizontal branches.
Stems, several from the same root, simple, stout, erect, hollow, soft,
pubescent, from two to four feet high. Leaves opposite, oval, acum-
inate, mostly crenate, entire, abruptly contracted at the base, nearly
smooth above, pubescent beneath, prominently veined, six inches
long by three broad; in some plants the upper leaves are almost
amplexicaul. Flowers of a dull purple color, axillary, sessile, mostly
in clusters of from three to five, in the form of whorls, rarely solitary.
Fruit, an oval berry, about nine lines long, and six thick; of an
orange-red or purple color, when ripe; hairy, somewhat three-sided,
crowned with the persistent calyx; threc-celled, each cell containing
a hard, bony, furrowed seed.
The root is the officinal part. It is of a dirty, yellowish-brown
color, externally; about a foot and a half long, and about nine lines
in diameter; whitish internally; sends out fibres, has a nauseous
smell and a disagreeable amarous taste. When dried, it is readily
reduced to powder.
2
Its virtues are imparted to water, alcohol and ether. The T.
augustifolium is a smaller species, and considered to have the same
medicinal action.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; triturations; dilutions.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-It is a popular remedy for fevers, especially
the bilious.
Eclectic physicians use it as a mild cathartic in the early stages
of fever. It is also called a "laxative-tonic."
It is thought to pos-
sess diuretic and diaphoretic properties.
Triosteum has been used in homoeopathic practice, but only to a
very limited extent.
Dr. Williamson reported to the American Institute of Homœo-
pathy, at its session of 1844, a proving of Triosteum, which appears
to have been made by Dr. Neidhard and himself. This proving was
introduced into Jahr's New Manual, but is not mentioned by Drs.
Hempel or Lippe in their works on Matera Medica.
In 1866, Dr. R. Tallmadge, of Enfield, N. Y., made a fragmentary
proving, which is given below.
Dr. Gatchel made a proving several years ago, and it was prepared
for the first edition of this work, but the remedy was omitted from
volume, as the manuscript of the proving was lost.
TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM.
1019
FRAGMENTARY PROVING BY R. TALLMADGE, M. D, ENFIELD, N. y.*
A year ago, coming through one of my fields, I came across a
strange looking herb, having on it a berry of a deep orange color. I
picked one, and on my way home tasted it, and found it of a pungent,
bitter taste. The thought struck me that it might possess medicinal
properties. I made a tincture and commenced proving it on myself
by using the second dilution.
•
It acted promptly and energetically in that strength, causing
aching pains in nearly every part of the body, especially of the lower
limbs and head; sharp pains in the stomach and bowels; fever,
asthmatic troubles, etc. I am not sufficiently healthy to be a good
subject for a proving, and will not attempt a minute detail of its
effects.
In
I sent some leaves and blossoms to Dr. M. M. Mathews, of Roch-
ester, who found it to be Triosteum perfoliatum, (Fever root.)
consequence of my description of it, he commenced using it in the
treatment of disease.
Many of its symptoms resemble those of Aconite and Mercurius.
(These, I find, antidote it.) It acts with great energy, and we have to
be exceedingly cautious to prevent over-action. I am now treating
a case of fever; after giving four doses of three pills each, its char-
acteristic difficulty of breathing commenced, followed by extreme
nervous irritability, fear of death, etc. As the quickest antidote, I
gave her Morphine, afterward Aconite, Mercurius iodatus. The patient
is improving.
•
RESUME.
Mental Symptoms.-Extreme nervous irritability; fear of death.
Greater cheerfulness, (first day.)
Sleep.-Dullness and drowsiness, with disinclination to engage
actively in business. Sleepiness, without the ability to sleep sound
after midnight.
Skin.-Vesicular eruption on the forehead, over the left eye, on
the middle of the chest and on the right arm; very great itching at
night, with welts all over the surface; violent itching eruption of the
skin, generally with elevation of the skin.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It appears to be indicated in urticaria.
Fever.-General perspiration; drying away of the perspiration,
and development of fever with hot skin and increased thirst; aching
in all the bones; aching pains in every part of the body.
We regret that Dr. Tallmadge did not make a more extended trial of this drug, and send a
detailed account of all the symptoms produced.
1020
NEW REMEDIES.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Tallmadge says, "I find it a great
remedy in typhoid, as well as gastric fevers," He was informed by
Dr. Mathews that the Triosteum proved to be "one of his most relia-
ble remedies in all gastric affections, with or without fever. He has
used it with success in violent attacks of bilious fever, with pains in
the limbs, headache and vomiting.
Prof. J. Kost,* (Eclectic,) says that "it is eminently adapted to
the treatment of autumnal fevers, and has been used specifically as a
fever powder, by some Western practitioners and the aborigines.
Head.-Giddiness, when rising after midnight, with extreme
drowsiness; headache, which is worse in the right side side of the
fore part of the head and right temple; pain in the hinder part of
the head, with the sensation of weight; increasing pain in the head;
headache worse from sitting up. Boring pain in the left temple;
boring pain in the right temple at 3 A, M.; pain in right side of head,
and in the back; pain in the nape and occiput, with coldness and
stiffness in the feet.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It will prove curative in some forms of
cephalalgia. The symptoms would indicate it in bilious headache,also
in hemicranias, It probably causes some congestion of the cervical
portion of the spinal cord and base of the brain. It has cured head-
ache with vomiting.
Eyes. Slight pains in the left eye-ball.
Nose.-Sneezing.
Throat. Soreness, as if from swelling of the pharynx, and pain
in the oesophagus on swallowing; difficulty of breathing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. M. M. Mathews finds it useful in
sore throat, influenza and common colds.
Appetite.-Increased appetite through the day; loathing of all
food; thirst, but not a very urgent desire for drink.
Stomach.—At 4 A. M., the feeling of a load and oppression in the
epigastrium, with throbbing and an undulating sensation all through
the system; pain in the epigastrium, increased by drinking water;
pain in the epigastrium, increased by turning in bed; soreness in the
epigastrium through the night; soreness in the epigastric region;
slight nausea; nausea on rising, which was immediately followed by
copious vomiting of very sour ingesta; attended with cramp in the
stomach and followed by perspiration and pain in the forehead, which
was worse on the left side; vomiting at 5 A. M., on rising to stool vom-
iturition, attended with severe pain in the epigastrium, and drawing
in the calves of the legs, almost amounting to a cramp; flatulency,
* Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutica.
TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM.
1021
confined to the stomach; heat, and sharp pain in the right side of the
abdomen in the evening.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It seems quite homoeopathic to bilious
vomiting, and many kinds of gastric derangement. Prof. J. Kost
says it has been held in high estimation as a remedy in dyspepsia.
Bowels.—Stool at 7 A. M., followed by numbness of the lower
extremities; copious evacuation of thin stools from the bowels, with-
out pain; the evacuations from the bowels seemed to proceed from
the small intestines; stools watery and frothy, voided without pain,
and are followed by exhaustion; evacuation from the bowels at 7 a.
M., preceded by pain in the abdomen; the evacuations are most fre-
quent in the evening; irritation in the anus, with exudation of
mucus.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Neidhard reports the cure of a
diarrhoea attended with severe colic-pains. Dr. Tallmadge says:
I have cured one case of bilious colic with it. I used five pills,
3d, in half tumbler of water, teaspoonful every 20 minutes; relieved
entirely in an hour." It has been used with benefit in dysenteries
and diarrhoeas.
Genitals. Discharge of semen during sleep, without an erection.
Chest and Heart.-Audible beating of the heart and slight pain
under the left breast. Asthmatic troubles.-(Tallmadge.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has a reputation as a domestic rem-
edy in pleurisy. It may be found useful in pericarditis.
the
Trunk. Pain in the right shoulder, from lying, on it; pain in
nape and back; pain in the nape, with perspiration; rheumatic
pain in the back, from stooping; pain and stiffness in the loins; the
pain in the loins is confined to the left side.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has been used successfully in rheu-
matic affections by Dr. Matthews and others.
Extremities,-Stiffness of all the joints of the upper and lower
extremities; remarkable stiffness of the lower extremities, with slight
coldness, and a tingling sensation; stiffness of the knees, when
attempting to rise; pain in the right knee; numbness in the calves.
of the legs; penetrating pain under and behind the left external
malleolus, after sleeping; stiffness of the joints of the toes, ankles
and knees, when lying; drawing and shrinking sensation in the legs,
and the most decided prickling in the soles of the feet; coldness and
stiffness of the feet.
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
(American Hellebore.)
ANALOGUES.—Aconite; Æthusa; Agaricus; Asclepias tuberosa;
Belladonna; Cimicifuga; Colchicum; Digitalis; Euphorbia
corollata; Gelseminum ; Helleborus niger; Kali bromatum ;
Lobelia; Phytolacca; Tabacum; Tartar emetic; Veratrum album.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION,-Root perennial, thick, fleshy, its upper
portion tunicated, its lower half solid, and sending forth a multitude
of large whitish roots. Stem from three to five feet high, roundish,
solid, pubescent, striated, closely invested with the sheathing hairs of
of the leaves. Lower leaves large, from six inches to a foot long, and
half as wide, oval, acuminate, pubescent, strongly plaited, nerved,
the lower parts of their edges meeting round the stem. Upper leaves
gradually narrower; the uppermost or bracts, linear lanceolate; all
alternate. Flowers numerous, green, in compound racemes, axillary
from the upper leaves. terminal, the whole forming a sort of panicle.
* * * * * A part of the flowers barren, so that the plant is
strictly polygamous. Seed vessels of three capsules, united together,
separating at top, opening on inner side. Seeds flat, winged, imbri-
cated.
་་
HISTORY. This plant is indigenous to the United States, growing
in swamps, low grounds and moist meadows, flowering in June and
July. It is known by the common names of Indian poke and Itch
weed. The officinal part is the root, which should be gathered in
autumn, after the decay of the leaves. As it rapidly loses its vir-
tues, it should be renewed annually, and kept in weil-closed vessels.
When fresh, it has a very unpleasant odor; when dried, it is nearly
inodorous, and has a sweetish-bitter taste, succeded by a persistent
acridity. Its physical and therapeutical properties strongly resemble
those of white hellebore, and contains Veratria, gallic acid, etc.-
(King.)
Pharmaceutists assert that the Veratria obtained from Veratrum
viride, and the alkaloid obtained from Veratrum album, are identical.
The root imparts its properties to alcohol. 835, i. e., diluted with
165 parts water to 1,000.
There are three other species of Veratrum, indigenous to the
United States, namely, the V. pariflorum and V. augustifolium (grass
leaved veratrum). The latter is called by Gray 'Stamantheum.' These
are probably medicinal and ought to be investigated. The third
species, V. woodii, or Indiana veratrum, found also in Illinois and
Iowa; of this nothing is known concerning its medicinal powers.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture: dilutions. Tincture- trit-
turations. Veratrin; triturations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Osgood states that this plant was known to
the aborigines as a poison rather than a medicine, and he adds on
VERATRUM 'VIRIDE.
1023
the authority of Joslin, that it was made use of by them in the elec-
tion of their chiefs, the individual whose stomach was the least sus-
ceptible of its deleterious influence, being regarded "as the strongest
of the party, and entitled to command the rest.” It was also popu-
larly used by the farmers of New England to catch and destroy the
birds which ravaged their corn-fields.* It had long been employed
by the late Dr. Tully, and other New England physicians as a medi-
cine when attention was for a time particularly attracted toward-it in
1835, by an essay of Dr. Osgood. It was, however, but seldom pre-
scribed, until the appearance of a paper by Dr. W. C. Norwood of
South Carolina, in 1850. For a time it was extensively used and
abused by the allopathists and eclectics. The first homoeopathic
physician to call attention to this medicine, was Dr. Henry, in 1852,†
who mentioned its use in a case of typhoid fever. Soon after this it
was used by Dr. Pope of Washington City, Dr. Jackson of Boston,
and a few others. I commenced its use in fevers, particularly in
pneumonia, in 1855, and it has been a standard remedy in my prac-
tice ever since.
In 1863, the writer had some correspondence with Dr. Burt, and
then suggested that he make a heroic proving of the Veratrum viride.
In 1864, Dr. Burt made an experiment, with massive doses. It is
one of the most heroic provings in our literature. Had we an ex.
tended proving with the drug, made with the attenuations, our know-
ledge of its remedial powers would be greatly increased.
proving, however, has appeared.
TOXICAL EFFECTS.
No other
Under this head fall the crude experiments, and observations of
the allopathic school.
On animals-Birds poisoned by corn soaked in Veratrum viride
have their muscular power so much impaired as to prevent their fly-
ing or walking, and they are readily taken and killed. Unless caught
in this condition, many of them recover and fly away. From experi-
ments on animals by Drs. Scattergood and Percy, the physiological
effects of the alkaloid and resin appear to have a very great similarity,
viz.: prolonged emesis, salivation, general prostration and reduction
of the pulse. There was no catharsis.
The following experiments on animals were made by Dr. Burt,
after the appearance of the first edition:
Effects upon a Dog.-The dog experimented upon was a very
large dog, weight, about 60 lbs., apparently in good health. Respira-
tions, 20; pulse, 88; injected into the jugular vein 15 drops of Til-
den's fluid extract of Veratrum viride, at 5 P. M.; 2 minutes after,
violent vomiting; 3 minutes, tries to get up, but falls to the floor;
* Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1858, p. 77
† Phil, Jeurnal ɔf Hom., Vol. 1., page 182.
1024
NEW REMEDIES.
10 minutes, pulse 40; respiration 32; 20 minutes, pulse 120; 35
minutes, pulse 138; 45 minutes, pulse 160; one hour, pulse 100;
14 hours, pulse 110; two hours, pulse 112; three hours, pulse 112;
five hours after, pulse 130. Has been vomiting every few minutes all
the while, He would hold his breath so that there would be but four
and five respirations in a minute. I left him ten hours, and when I
returned I found the respirations 9, and the pulse 102, could not
stand. Tried to inject 25 drops, but the dog struggled, and it passed
into the cellular tissue. In eight minutes he became very restless,
and the pulse had fallen to 88; 30 minutes after, pulse 74; one hour
pulse 60; no vomiting. I now injected 20 drops into the jugular ;
immediately he began to move and try to get up and vomit, but he
could not. Some bile run from his mouth in his efforts to vomit. The
pulsation of the heart was so feeble that I could not find it for 15
minutes, then it was 60; could not find it any more, and he died in
twenty minutes after the last injection without a struggle. I believe
the only way to account for the greatly increased action of the heart
in this case is, that the physiological system of the canine species is
different from that of a man. I believe all agree, that have ever writ-
ten upon Veratrum viride, that it always diminishes the hearts' action.
In the dog killed by Prof. Hale, with Gelseminum, the action of the
heart was increased during the whole experiment.
Autopsy 10 hours after death: Violent congestion of the lungs,
especially the lower lobes; heart-both auricles empty, both ven-
tricles filled with coagulated fibrin and lymph. The coagulated mass
was one inch in diameter, and extended into the aorta and pulmonary
vein; slight congestion of the mucous membrane of the stomach which
was filled with bile and a dirty looking fluid; a good deal of conges-
tion of the small intestines. The other organs were natural.
Toxicological effects upon cats.-Injected under the skin of the
foreleg of a very large cat, five drops of Tilden's fluid extract of
Veratrum viride. 10 minutes after, nausea and efforts to vomit; 18
minutes after, violent vomiting; flounders about in great distress;
respirations 176, before giving the medicine it was 70; 30 minutes
after, great prostration; respirations 200; nausea and vomiting. 50
minutes aiter, violent spasms; flounders about at a fearful rate;
lasted five minutes and then became still, with slow, heavy, rattling
respiration, and died in five minutes; having lived just 55 minutes
after the injection of the medicine.
Autopsy, 11 hours after death : The arteries of the arachnoid
were greatly congested; could find no vessels ruptured; both lungs
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1025
could not be more congested, looked completely hepatized, but of
course hepatization could not have taken place so soon,; right side
of the heart distended with blood, left side empty; about dram of
fluid in the pericardium; pyloric portion of the stomach congested
and covered with bile; gall bladder half full of gall; liver looked
congested; all the other organs were natural.
Injected eight drops under the skin of a large female cat.
24 minutes after, 11 A. M. 4 minutes after, nausea. 12 minutes
after, violent vomiting At the commencement of the experiment,
her respirations were 80, now 100; twenty minutes after, violent
nausea and retching; respiration 198; great prostration; cannot
stand; 36 minutes after, complete prostration; respiration 302;
urinated, had a thin stool; fifty minutes after, respiration 160; nausea;
1:15 P. M., respirations 176; pupils contracted; ears and legs very
cold. 1:22, had a short spasm; came near dying; respiration 30,
heavy and rattling. 1;30, respiration 150. 2 P. M. respiration 100.
3 P. M., respiration, 72. 3:30, rcspiration 14; seems to be in great
pain. 4:30 P. M, respirations 12. 6 P. M., respiration 12; great
prostration; injected 6 drops. 8 P. M., respiration 10; complete
prostration; morning, found her dead, but not rigid.
Autopsy, 12 hours after death: Cerebellum appears congested;
both lungs very much congested, and hepatized (?) in spots. ounce
of serum in the pericardium; both ventricles inflamed, about one inch
of the left ventricle was black as ink; left ventricle half full of
coagulated blood; right ventricle empty; cardiac portion of the
stomach congested and covered with bile; stomach very much dis-
tended with air; liver looks congested; mesenteric arteries very
much distended. The rest of the organs were natural.
#
I killed seven more with Veratrum. Nausea and vomiting pro-
duced in all, from five to ten minutes after the medicine was injected.
In five of them, the respiration increased from the natural standard,
up to two or three hundred a minute, and then would come down to
about 15, before death. To keep up respiration, the medicine had to
be repeated evey half hour. After an hour or so, I could not make
them vomit; probably the prostration was so great that they could
not. With two of the cats the respirations were greatly diminished,
and did not rise above 90. The lungs were found natural, but the
heart had evident signs of inflammation, with great collections of
serum in the pericardium. Some of them I let live three or four
days. The lungs were inflamed in small patches, but nothing like
the ones I killed with larger doses. The effects of Veratrum are so
1026
NEW REMEDIES
:
evanescent that I could not keep them under its influence any length
of time. I would lose through the night what I had gained during
the day. This fact tells us that to get the full benefit of Veratrum,
we must administer often.
The pathological effects in the nine, were as follows:
In one, there was great congestion of the arteries of the arachnoid
membrane. All but two had violent congestion of the lungs; in
three, complete hepatization had taken place; in one, the left lung
was adhered to the pleura about the size of a dollar. All had a largo
quantity of serum in the pericardium. All had signs of inflammation
of the heart. All had congestion of the stomach, and it was covered
with bile and distended with air. The liver, in all of them, appeared
congested. All had great distention and engorgement of the mesen-
teric arteries.
I will state one clinical fact: No remedy has given me such
good satisfaction in nausea and vomiting, as Veratrum viride.
Last Sunday night, I was called to see a boy, about two years of
age, that an allopathist had been attending four days for chill fever-
so the parents stated. In the morning he left some Veratrum. They
gave three doses, and the child commenced and vomited constantly
for six hours. The last hour he vomited large quantities of blood
and bile. I gave Ipecac, and Aconite. There was no more vomiting,
but the child has compound pneumonia, and I think will not live two
days. Did the Veratrum cause the pneumonia, or was it pneumonia
in the first place? Iu inflammation of the lungs, in little children
no remedy has given me such satisfaction as the Veratrum viride.
ON MEN.-In its local action, Veratrum viride is an active irri-
tant. Its powder, snuffed into the nostrils, excites long-continued
and violent sneezing; applied to the skin in a moist state, it produces
redness and burning. Osgood found that two grains of the powder
caused him to vomit, and observed that the act was at first unat
tended by nausea, and seemed to be performed by the contraction of
the stomach and oesophagus alone. But in another person, who also
presented this peculiarity, emesis was subsequently persistent and
violent, and attended with bilious dejections. Norwood says that it
is one of the most certain and powerful emetics, but may produce.
extreme nausea, as well as vomiting which is sometimes continuous.
Robert, a French physician, says that the pulse may be reduced
by the drug as low as thirty-five beats per minute, without nausea or
vomiting! Osgood, Norwood, Raynor and others, assert that it does.
not cause catharsis, while Pendleton, Platt, and others quoted by
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1027
"
Stille,* assert it to cause “copious, watery evacuations, per anum.”
The same authorities have known it to cause the following conditions:
Faintness, somnolency, coma, dimness of sight, dilatation of the
pupils, vertigo, headache, rarely delirium, impaired muscular action,
general numbness, slow and infrequent respiration, hiccough; a pale
cold skin, covered with clammy sweat, persistent vomiting, excrucia-
ting pain in the præcordia; profuse, watery diarrhoea in some cases,
and a small, infrequent and generally feeble pulse." Alarming and
apparently dangerous as these symptoms are, it does not appear that
they have terminated in death, on the contrary, they have generally
been dispelled by administering diffusible stimulants.
The action of American Hellebore strongly reminds us of the
Helleborism, of the ancients," so graphically described by Hahne-
mann.
It is said that very few persons died from the apparently
dangerous effects of Veratrum album.
Case reported by Dr. W. H. Woodbury, of Chicago:†
"Prescribed for a gentleman about forty-five years of age, as an
expectorant, forty drops of the tincture of Veratrum viride, in an
ounce of water, and directed a teaspoonful of the mixture to be
taken every three hours. The first dose was taken as directed, the
patient waited an hour, and not perceiving any particular action from
the medicine, concluded the dose which I advised was much too small
to affect him, and that it would be perfectly safe to take any quantity of
the medicine, or even take the whole contents of my pocket case at
one dose. He took a tablespoonful of the preparation, in all, twenty
drops of the tincture. From ten to fifteen minutes after taking the
enormous dose, he experienced a burning sensation in the throat,
œsophagus, and stomach, dizziness and pain in the head, with dim-
ness of vision, dilatation of the pupil of the eye, severe nausea, but
very little vomiting. I was called about half an hour after the last
dose had been taken. Found the patient in great distress, very pale,
with a cadaverous look, convulsive breathing, almost to suffocation,
pulse very small, about forty per minute; extremities cold, to the
elbows and knees; a profuse, cold perspiration over the hands and
face; weakness and stiffness of the limbs, with frequent efforts to
vomit and extreme prostration. I ordered an application of mustard
and vinegar to the chest, and prescribed Ipecac., which produced full
emesis of mucus and bilious substances; vomiting profusely five or
six times, after which, I prescribed Camphor and whiskey, a teaspoon-
* Nat. Med. and Ther., vol. II, p. 246.
↑ Med, Times and Gazette.
1028
NEW REMEDIES
full every ten minutes at first, and continued as the case required.
Narcotic symptoms were now more manifest, the patient became som-
nolent, soon followed by lethargy, which continued four hours, from
which he awoke feeling much better, though very weak, and com-
plained of an indescribable sensation, more manifest in the limbs
than elsewhere. I advised exercise in the fresh air, which he took
by the aid of an assistant, which produced beneficial results, and the
following day he was able to attend to his usual business."
Dr. G. N. Edwards, Assistant Physician to St. Bartholomew's
hospital, reports the following case:*
"On Thursday evening, December 18, I was summoned to see a
gentleman, a scientific chemist, who had taken, experimentally, one
dram of tincture of green hellebore (equal to about twelve grains of
the powder.) On my arrival, I found him sitting in the water-closet
vomiting into the pan. His features were sunken; skin cold, and
covered with a profuse, clammy sweat; his pulse quite imperceptible.
He complained of intense pain about the epigastrium. The vomited
matter appeared to consist at first of the food and contents of the
stomach, afterwards of glairy mucus. I gave him immediately about
an ounce and a half of pure brandy, which at once checked the vomit-
ing. At this time I was joined by Mr. Buxton Shillitoe, the patient's
usual medical attendant. As he had slightly rallied, we had him
removed into a room a few yards from the water-closet, and laid on
a couch in front of the fire. The surface of the body was still very
cold, especially the extremities. The clammy sweat continued, but
the pulse could be felt indistinctly, beating very feebly and irregu-
larly, forty-four in the minute. A dose, containing sp. æther, sulph. co.
dr., and sp. ammon. arom. 1 dr., was given, but immediately rejected
by the stomach; but some brandy, given directly afterwards, was re-
tained. A large mustard poultice was applied to the epigastrium,
and a hot-water bottle to the fect, Two or three efforts at retching
afterwards took place, and he once or twice vomited food, mucus, and
a small quantity of blood. Warmth gradually returned to the surface,
and the pulse became somewhat better in volume and power. Brandy
was given at short intervals, and after about an hour a second dose of
æther and ammonia, which was retained. The patient then fell
asleep, slept for about a quarter of an hour, and awoke with the ex-
pression "I am all right now," and appeared comparatively well.
There was no diarrhoea throughout. He had two or three times a
* Medical Times and Gazette.
1
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1029
slight return of the symptoms; did not sleep during the night, but
was quite easy; and the next morning only felt. the discomfort arising
from the mustard poultice, and the soreness of the muscles caused by
the retching. He then gave us the following account of his feelings
during the attack.
"Before taking the dose of the tincture, I had consulted Pereira,
and finding Dr. Meade's dose of the tincture helleborus niger, to be
two teaspoonfuls, twice a day, and knowing the green hellebore to be
of the same tribe, I considered, 'in taking one teaspoonful, I was rather
under than overdoing it. The dram of the tincture was taken about
half-past four or a quarter to five o'clock P. M., and my stomach soon
afterwards whispered that I had admitted a troublesome guest. I
went up stairs and sat down, thinking a cup of tea would set all right;
but the uneasy constriction of the stomach continuing, with a tendency
to sickness, made me retire to the water-closet. The sickness, once
commencing, soon became alarmingly violent, with the most excru-
ciating pain in the lower part of the stomach, the pain extending to
to about the size of my hand. The feeling at the seat of the pain was,
that all the warm tea, water, etc., that I took to provoke the vomiting,
went under the pain, making the constriction more and more violent,
Finding the case getting desperate, I sent off for medical aid. The
pain continued to increase, and the ejection of the stomach was now
glairy mucus with blood, with running from the nose and eyes. The
most painful and profuse cold sweating now came on, and the difficulty
of breathing became more and more labored. I could not help
wondering at the presense of anything like heat or constriction of the
throat; my mind was perfectly calm; and, although I thought it
more than probable that I should die, I did not feel alarmed. Hear.
ing and recognizing the voice of one of my medical friends is all I
recollected for some time afterwards. Immense circles of green color
appeared round the candle, which, as vertigo came on, and I closed
my eyes, turned to red. The pain continued excruciatingly at the
pit of the stomach, and a slight tendency to cramp existed when my
legs were touched. It was some hour or more afterwards when I
awoke, and found myself comparatively well.
tard I can well recollect, and the horror of
brandy is even now with me. My bowels were not at all acted on.
The next morning I took a dose of citrate of magnesia, and, in the
evening, a blue pill, with colocynth, which relieved my bowels this
morning."
The sting of the mus-
being forced to swallow
1030
NEW REMEDIES.
CASE OF POISONING REPORTED BY W. H. BURT, M. D., OF LINCOLN, ILL,
"My little girl, aged twenty-one months, got hold of my pocket
case, and I found her sitting down eating medicine. She had a vial
of Veratrum viride in her hand, with the cork out, and its contents
emptied. It contained one-eighth of a dram of the tincture. She
could not have had the case more than five minutes before I discov-
ered her, but in about two minutes she commenced vomiting. I im-
mediately gave half a cup of coffee, and then went for some Camphor;
returned in about five minutes. Her jaws were then rigid and nothing
could be put into her mouth; pupils of the eyes widely dilated; face
blue; hands and feet cold; no pulse could be found at the wrist.
Bathed her bowels and back with Camphor for a few moments, when
she went into a spasm, with violent shrieks; body bent backwards;
arms rigid and thrown up over her head; face dark blue; breathing
suspended for several seconds; lasted about two minutes; remained
easier for a few moments and then went into another spasm, similar
to the first. I then placed her in a tub of warm water, which soon
relaxed the whole muscular system; vomiting kept up, with severe
retching, every few minutes, for three hours, when it gradually sub-
sided. The matter vomited was a white, ropy mucus. The interval
between vomiting, for three hours, was not at any time longer than
five minutes, and most of the time did not exceed one minute. She
remained pulseless all the time, with a blue, hippocratic face; hands.
and feet shrivelled up, as if they had been in water for a long time.
When she was not vomiting, she lay in a stupor; pupils of the eyes
widely dilated. After three hours, the pulse could be counted; it
was thirty-six; very feeble.
In three and a quarter hours after taking the Veratrum, she went
to sleep and slept quietly and soundly for three hours, and then
awoke well, except being a little weak.
Constant vomiting of
The leading symptoms in this case were:
a white, ropy fluid; dilatation of the pupils; comatose state of the
brain; great congestion of blood to the lungs; blue, pinched up,
hippocratic face, with cold nose hands and feet; spasms; trismus; no
pulse for three hours; pulse 36, very weak and soft.
I would call especial attention to the spasms, and the effect it had
on the brain and lungs. When I proved the Veratrum viride, one of
the leading symptoms was, constant aching pains in the back of the
neck and shoulders, so that it was almost impossible to hold the head
up. I believe the Veratrum viride has a special affinity for the
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1031
cervical portion of the spinal cord and base of the brain, but especi-
ally the spinal cord. The spasms my little girl had were in her thorax
and back. (Opisthotonos.) The amount of medicine taken must have
been small, probably only a few drops; the whole amount of medi-
cine in the vial would have poisoned her fatally in a short time."
A man,
One case of poisoning came under my own observation.
aged 45, had tertian ague. The febrile paroxysm was unusually
severe, and lasted 12 or 18 hours. He was taking Arsenicum'in the
apyrexia, but I left a vial of tincture of Veratrum viride, and ordered
one drop every hour during the fever. By some mistake or careless-
ness, five drops were given every hour after the fever appeared.
When I saw him he had taken about 30 drops. I was informed that
after the third dose he had perspired freely, a warm perspiration;
vomited very profusely; complained of burning in the oesophagus,
and some pain in the stomach. His prostration continued, and I was
sent for. When I arrived, his whole body was covered with a cold
sweat; face, hands and feet very cold; pulse 30, full and soft, easily
compressible; (this was quite different from the feeble, small pulse it
sometimes causes;) He had not had diarrhoea, and the vomiting was
not very painful, his pupils were dilated, but no headache or dimness
of vision, A few ounces of brandy sufficed to antidote the effects of
the medicine. He had no more ague.
In a young girl who took twenty drops by mistake, it caused vom-
iting; burning in the throat; stricture of the chest; prostration;
vertigo; dilated pupils; cramps in the legs, but no diarrhoea.
rallied under the use of infusion of ginger, and morphine.
She
In Jones and Scudder's Materia Medica is the following case of
poisoning: "Mr. Worthington took of a grain of the alcoholic
extract. It caused an acrid, burning sensation in the mouth, and
communicated to the throat and fauces a sense of dryness and heat,
which finally reached the stomach. In the course of an hour, this
dryness and burning sensation in the throat and stomach became in-
tense, and a disposition to hiccough was excited, which soon com-
menced, gradually increasing in frequency, until it reached fifteen or
twenty times in the minute. This was attended with some sickness
and retching, until vomiting took place. This was violent, and
seemed to come on about every ten or fifteen minutes for the space of
an hour. During this time dizziness and tremor were created, which
passed off with the dose. With the hiccough, there was a copious
secretion of saliva, and discharge of mucus from the stomach and
1032
NEW REMEDIES.
nose. During the action of this dose, the pulse was weakened so as
to be scarcely perceptible, and reduced from 68 to 52 pulsations per
minute."
"We have observed," says Dr. Scudder, " similar symptoms, only
more severe, in a case where half a fluid dram of the tincture, was
taken by mistake, instead of tincture of Gelseminum. In this case
the pulse was reduced from about 100 to 40 beats a minute. The pros-
tration was extreme, and there was such great irritability of the
stomach, that it seemed for a while that he must die from the impos:
sibility of retaining the necessary stimulus. The fever did not
return, though for some days the patient was much prostrated, the
irritation of the stomach continuing for some time.
Dr. Smart, of Hudson, Mich., reports the following interesting
case of aggravation :
"The patient, a man aged 30, was under treatment for pneumonia.
By mistake, seven or eight drops were taken every hour for four
hours. About ten minutes after the last dose, great uneasiness ap-
peared, followed in a few moments by intense pain in the stomach.
This pain was of a drawing, twisting, pressive character. The stom-
ach felt as if drawn tightly against the spinal column, causing pain
in the back, in the dorsal region. There was at the same time,
drawing pain in the cervical region of the spine. The patient could
not lie on the back, as it seemed to increase the pressure of the
stomach upon the spine. This uneasiness and pain would culminate
every five or ten minutes, in a paroxysm of sudden, powerful and
expulsive vomiting, after which there would be a lull of a few mo-
ments in the pain. During the intensity of the pain, there was great
nervous sensitiveness. The least noise, as talking, walking across
the floor, etc., would aggravate the pain intensely. The vomiting
was not preceded by nausea, and was of mucus only. When the
stomach had been emptied, there was excessive, painful and ineffec-
tual retching. The pain, vomiting, etc., reached its height in about
one hour after the first onset, and subsided in about the same time,
under the influence of morphine. The fever. cough and stricture of
the chest seemed ameliorated, after the effects of the Veratrum had
aubsided.
The above cases illustrate its toxical effects, and are at the same
time partial provings. The following heroic proving by Dr. Burt,
however, is a more systematic experiment.
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1033
PROVING BY DR. BUrt.
Dec. 21st.-In perfect health; bowels regular, once a day; pulse
74; respiration twenty; took thirty drops of the 3d decimal dilution
of the fluid extract of Veratrum viride, prepared in water. At 10
A. M., ten minutes after, sharp drawing pain over the left eye, with a
contracted feeling of the skin of the forehead; one-half after ter
constant, dull, frontal headache, with neuralgic pains in the right
temple, close to the eye; 11 A. M., dull pains over the eye, with
quite severe drawing pains in the umbilical region-pulse 67; took
fifty drops; 12 M., slight frontal headache, with pricking pains in the
region of the heart, frequent drawing pains in the umbilical region ;
pulse 70; took 60 drops. 2 r. м, drawing pains in forehead; natural
stool; took 100 drops. 3 r. M., dull, frontal headache, with pricking
pains in the præcordial region; took 150 drops; 5 P. M., slight, fron-
tal headache; neuralgic pains in the region of the heart and cardiac
portion of the stomach; took 200 drops; 7 P. M., very frequent neu-
ralgic pains in the cardiac portion of the stomach; took 175 drops;
slight, dull, frontal headache, neuralgic pains in the right side of the
umbilicus, passing down to the groin; slight drawing pains in the
right elbow and calves of the legs; sharp, flying pains in the epigas-
tric and umbilical regions. Pulse 66.
Dec. 22d.-Slept well, but had frightful dreams of being on the
water; feeling well; pulse 79. 9 A. M., took three drops of the fluid
extract. Half-past nine, pulse 76; slight, dull, frontal headache,
with a contractive feeling of the skin of the forehead. 10 A. M., res-
piration twenty; took four drops. 11 A. M., dull, frontal headache,
with neuralgic pains in the temples; sharp pains in the epigas-
tric and umbilical regions, and passing down to the pubes;
pulse 71. 12 M., took five drops. 2 P. M., very severe frontal head-
ache, with dull, aching pains in the umbilical region; pulse 74; took
six drops. 4 P. M., constant, dull headache; pulse 70; took six
drops. 9 P. M., dull, frontal headache, with neuralgic pains in the
right temple; tongue feeling as if it had been scalded; dull, aching
pains in the epigastrium; very sleepy; took eight drops.
Dec. 23d.-Had a restless night; frightful dreams of people
drowning; flat taste in the mouth; tongue coated yellow along the
centre; soft papescent stool; at 9 A. M., took ten drops; pulse 70.
10 A. M., there has been constant and severe cutting, aching pains in
the umbilical region, with rumbling in the bowels, with a soft stool;
took twelve drops; dull, heavy, aching pains in the region
68
1034
NEW REMEDIES.
of the gall bladder, with dull pains in the umbilical region;
arms ache. 12 M., took twelve drops. 1P M., very severe aching
in the back of the neck; very difficult to hold my head up; constant
burning distress in the region of the heart; am very weak and trem-
ble all over; pulse 46, soft and very weak; can hardly be felt; mushy
stool, without pain. 2 P. M., dull, frontal headache; face is very
pale; nose looks pinched and blue; constant hiccough, with violent
and constant spasms of the upper part of the oesophagus; cannot
swallow; profuse vomiting of thick, glairy mucus and water; pro-
fuse secretion of tears, and mucus from the nose, also saliva; neck
aching severely; pulse 44, soft and very weak. 2:20, violent vomit-
ing, with severe frontal headache and hiccough; cannot walk; if I
attempt it, I am very faint and completely blind; obliged to keep in
the horizontal position. 4 P. M., pupils dilated; neck and arms ache
severely; dull, aching pains in the umbilical region, with rumbling;
cannot walk across the room without becoming blind; pulse 44,
soft and very weak. 5. P. M., constant, dull, aching pains in the um-
bilicus, with sharp, neuralgic pains in the left groin; can walk about
ten rods, when I become blind, and am compelled to sit down; pulse
46. 8 P. M., feeling much better; pulse 61, soft and weak; constant
dull pain in the umbilicus, and pain in the region of the gall bladder.
Took 8 drops and retired.
4
Dec. 24th. Slept sound; frightful dreams of the water, as usual;
flat, bitter taste in the mouth; tongue coated yellow along the centre;
slight, dull pains in the bowels; pulse 64; soft and full; took ten
drops; at 8 A. M., dull, aching pains in the umbilicus; by spells they
are very sharp and shooting; dull pains in the region of the gall
bladder; tongue feeling as if it had been scalded; took ten drops at
at 10 A. M. 12 M., dull, frontal headache; dull pains in the umbili
cus; natural stool, followed by aching in the rectum; pulse 55, soft
and very weak; took ten drops. 1 P. M., very severe frontal head-
ache; hiccough, with constant and severe spasms of the upper part
of the œsophagus; violent vomiting of my dinner, and then a thick,
glairy mucus; the secretion of saliva, mucus from the nostrils, and
tears, is profuse; dull, aching pains and distress in the umbilical
region; back of the neck and arms ache severely; almost impossible
to hold my head up; pulse 44, soft and very weak; can just be felt;
can walk about four rods, I then become blind and faint, but can sit
up without any trouble. 2 P. M, hiccough lasted two hours, also the
spasm of the œsophagus; dull, frontal headache; severe aching in
the neck, very much worse by moving; dull pain in the bowels;
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1035
pulse 46, sitting or lying down; constant, dull aching; burning pain
in the region of the heart, under the sternum; ringing in the ear;
moving quickly makes me very deaf; 3 P. M., dull, hot, aching pain
in the region of the heart; dull pain in the umbilical region; pulse
46, soft and very weak. 5 r. м, pulse 57, soft and weak, burning
distress in the region of the heart; dull pains in the umbilicus. 6
P. M., pulse 60; burning distress in the region of the heart; dull
pains in the bowels; 10 г. м., pulse 66; dull pain in the umbilicus,
with desire for stool, mushy stool, followed by an aching sensation in
the rectum. Morning, feeling well: pulse sixty-six; small, quick and
hard.
RESUME.
Nervous System.-Wood places the Veratrum viride among the
nervous sedatives," and nearly all writers contend that its sedative
action on the heart is through the nervous system.
Nerves of Sensation. Its action on these nerves is quite similar
to that of Aconite and Veratrum album; yet, there are points of
difference worthy of being noticed. It does not actually produce
anæsthesia, but allays pain and hyper-æsthesia. When given in
rheumatism and neuralgia the pain abates as soon as the system is
under the influence of the medicine. An external application of
the tincture to painful swellings, eruptions, etc., is said to mitigate
the painful sensations.
Nerves of Motion." We have observed as a result of the ad-
ministration of Veratrin, very singular contortions of the muscular
system, particularly of the muscles of the face, neck, fingers and
toes; the head would be drawn to one side, the mouth drawn down at
one corner, and the facial muscles affected with convulsive twitch-
ings; at times these contortions would take the form of tonic spasms,
while at other times the action would simulate a series of galvanic
shocks, frequently of such violence as to precipitate the patient out of
bed; during all this time the intellect of the patient remained undis-
turbed, and he was conscious of all that was going on.”* It would
certainly seem that the Veratrum was homoeopathic to chorea in some
of its forms. The Veratrum viride seems to exert a sedative influence
over the nerves, as specifically as Nux vomica and its analogues
irritate them. Its primary action is the opposite of the primary action
of Strychnine. It is secondarily homeopathic to convulsive affections.
As a prompt and reliable remedy I prefer it to Aconite in hysterical,
epileptiform, or puerperal convulsions; also in the convulsions of
Coe's "Concentrated Organic Medicines."
1036
NEW REMEDIES.
children. I have succeeded with the first decimal dilution, rarely
having to resort to the mother tincture, and then only giving it in one
and two-drop doses. The following allopathic experience with the
the Veratrum viride in nervous and spasmodic affections, is worthy
of place here: It is stated that animals poisoned with the Veratria
from Veratrum viride "lost the power over the locomotive muscles, and
after death the galvanic current did not exercise the same convulsive
movements as in cases of death from other causes."* Experimenters
all notice a peculiar "weakness and inability to move the muscles;"
also, stiffness of the voluntary muscles. In Dr. Burt's cases it caused
trismus, opisthotonos, and other spasmodic symptoms.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Baker, in the Southern Medical
and, Surgical Journal, gives an account of the value of the drug in
the treatment of certain neuroses.
Case 1.-"The patient was a stout, healthy man of sober habits.
I found him sitting on the side of the bed, seemingly well and per-
fectly intelligent, unaware, however, that he had had convulsions. All
that I could ascertain of his previous history was, that he had been
similarly affected in childhood. While conversing with him he was
suddenly, and without apparent premonition, seized with a frightful
convulsion, occasioning frothing at the mouth, and the most violent
jactitations of all the voluntary muscles. I immediately opened a
vein and bled him profusely, but without the desired result, for, after
the lapse of a certain period, with as perfect a return of consciousness
as before, there occurred another convulsion of equal severity. In
this emergency, the excessive muscular relaxation capable of being
produced by the Veratrum Viride occurred to my mind, and I reflected
that such an effect could only be produced by an influence primarily
exerted upon the cerebro-spinal system of voluntary nerves. I ad-
ministered the Veratrum in full and repeated doses, desiring, and
confidently expecting to produce the same train of distressing sym-
toms that so alarmed me some years previously; these were nausea,
vomiting, purging, (rarely observed) muscular relaxation, and cold-
ness of the surface. In this I was disappointed; for, though the con-
vulsions were arrested, there occurred no other symptom than a re-
laxed skin, with profuse perspiration. Since then I have administered
the Veratrum in numerous cases of eclampsia of children, with such
satisfactory results as to establish beyond all doubt, the power of this
agent to arrest convulsions." In this case the cure was as certainly
homœopathic as if made with the third dilution.—(H.)
Dr. Baker, in June, 1858, undertook the cure of a case of chorea
in a young lady. It had been gradually coming on for two months.
When first visited, her symptoms were distressing to the last degree,
the entire muscular system being in continuous and tumultuous motion.
The case passed on from bad to worse, notwithstanding the most assi-
duous attention and energetic treatment. Tonics, anti-spasmodics,
* American Medical Times
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1037
Z
and anodynes were exhausted without avail; the spine and nucha
were cupped and blistered, without benefit; chloroform was adminis-
tered internally and by inhalation; opium and its preparations seemed
to make her worse; so, after all the family had given up all expec-
tation of recovery, upon the suggestion of a medical friend, who had
twice used the Veratrum viride, in three cases of chorea, with the
most satisfactory results, he at once commenced its administration.
And as she was gradually brought under its influence, the turmoil
began to cease; the face which had been worked by its muscles into
the most ludicrous and horrible distortion, became placid and intelli-
gent; the head ceased its everlasting jerking, the extremities lay
still, the body left off writhing, and the patient quietly passed into a
peaceful and profound slumber. This sleep was deep and long, as it
was the first, with few and slight exceptions, that she had had in
nearly two weeks; and the quiet that the muscles now received was
all that had occurred, save during those few and short slumbers. At
a subsequent visit, I found the family cheerful and hopeful, and the
patient quiet and sleeping, the pulse but little depressed;
there had occurred no vomiting-I roused her, and to my great
satisfaction, when awake, there was no jactitation of the extremities,
and but very little twitching of the muscles of the face. The Vera-
trum was continued, and for the first few days, if withheld, the com-
motion began to return; under the quiet induced, the sleep was
so continuous at the outset, that the family called the preparation
'the laudanum mixture.' After a time the convulsions ceased alto-
together, and the patient was restored to health under a course of
tonics."
(6
Dr. Terry reports three cases of chorea, in which the Veratrum
viride was employed. The first was a child, aged twelve. 'It had
been confined to bed for three weeks, and was reported to have been
under treatment for about six weeks; first, for worms, with Spigelia,
worm-seed, etc.; and subsequently, for chorea, with Cimicifuga race-
mosa, Iron, Quinine, and the usual routine treatment, until the child
was apparently dying. It is not in the power of language to convey
a proper conception of the truly pitiable state in which I found this
child. It had slept none, neither taken any nourishment for days.
It was evidently dying from exhaustion and inanition. The muscular
commotion was violent, universal and unaffected by sleep; the lips
embossed with foam, worked up by a continued champing of the
teeth. Three drops of the tincture of Veratrum viride were adminis-
tered every three hours, the vehicle being gum water.
In twenty.
four hours, I had the gratification to see the symptoms greatly im
proved; the muscles were much quieter, and the child could swallow
without difficulty. The trouble in this respect, had constituted the
greatest embarassment in the treatment. At the end of the fourth
day, all convulsive action had ceased.
Case 2d,-was an ordinary one, in a girl of 15.
After purging,
four drops of the Veratrum viride were given every three hours.
Prompt convalescence ensued.
1038
NEW REMEDIES.
Case 3d.-A woman, aged thirty-six, childless, and subject to
menorrhagia, immediately after an attack of which she had a con-
tinual nodding of the head, and violent convulsive action in one arm,
together with jactitation of one leg. In this case, six drops of the
tincture of Veratrum viride were given every three hours. The
fourth dose occasioned slight nausea, and after the fifth dose the con-
vulsive action ceased, when the Veratrum was withheld. In eight or
ten hours the symptoms returned. Upon resuming the medicine, they
again disappeared-the doses were then reduced. The case re-
covered.
Dr. S. W. Green, of Manchester, Iowa, in a letter to Dr. Burt,
relates a case of chorea, in which the use of Veratrum was very sat-
isfactory :
I
"A lady, married, about thirty years of age, nervous tempera-
ment, quite intelligent and under easy circumstances. She has had
chorea more or less from childhood up, and has been worse ever since
the age of puberty, which, as near as I can learn, is in consequence
of continued, intense, sexual excitement, and after marriage tou. She
has always had homoeopathic treatment, but with little benefit, until
gave her Veratrum viride, which has been permanent. She had
constant movement of the head, lower maxillary, larynx and tongue;
twitching and light jactitation of the muscles of the neck, organs of
speech, and face; so much so that it required considerable effort often
to converse; constant movement, and sometimes slight jerking of the
chest, arms, fingers and lower extremities; sometimes there would
be one slight jerk of single muscles, in different parts of the body.
But now comes the singularity of the case. The symptoms gradually
subsided, and to all appearances, she was well for several months, when
all at once she was taken with violent palpitation of the heart. I was
called in and found her laboring under symptoms caused by the lungs.
and brain receiving far more blood than was compatible with their
normal conditions. Her heart was beating more than 160 beats per
minutes. I gave her Veratrum viride, 1st decimal dilution, which
reduced the heart to its normal action in twelve hours. There has
been, once or twice, since, a slight recurrence, which was speedily
relieved by the same remedy. This case would seem to imply some
influence upon the superior cervical ganglion."
Dr. Baker also mentions a case of puerpural convulsions, in which
chloroform by inhalation, copious bleeding and forceps were employed;
the child dead; weighed eleven and a half pounds. Patient was left
quiet and comfortable. Seen after four or five hours had elapsed;
she was found in a most violent convulsion, which was said to be the
seventh since delivery. Fifteen drops of the tincture of Veratrum
viride were given, and ten more were directed to be given in two
hours, after which the intervals should be prolonged to three or four
hours. There occurred no more convulsions, and the woman recov-
ered perfectly. She was not even nauseated, though the medicine was
given at regular intervals during the whole night.
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1039
Dr. Woodward, of Galesburg, Ill., writes: "In a late case of
puerpural convulsions, I did not resort to the Veratrum, but used the
lancet twice, taking away forty-five ounces of blood before the con-
vulsions ceased; but in about four hours after the last convulsion, the
lady became furiously delirious, requiring to be held on the bed.
Two doses, of ten drops each, of tincture of Veratrum viride, quieted
her so completely that she slept four hours and had no return of the
delirium."
In that fearful disease, cerebro-spinal meningitis, the Veratrum
viride would appear to be a valuable remedy, as the following case
illustrates:
Dr. C. A. Williams, of North Adams, Michigan, 1 eports the fol-
lowing case, presenting tetanic symptoms, but which closely resem-
bles an attack of cerebro-spinal meningitis:
"
I was called one night to see a child about four years old, and
found her suffering from an attack of pneumonia. The febrile action,
which was excessive, accompanied with some delirium, I succeeded
in reducing with the usual remedies, and with good results, as in the
morning I found her quite comfortable, with the exception of a severe
cough; the skin was moist, the pulse about natural, and all the symp-
toms denoting a decided check to the disease, which was so alarming
the night previous. This condition continued until evening, when
the febrile symptoms came on again, with considerable pain in the
stomach and bowels. Bowels tympanitic and very sensitive to touch.
Ordered an injection, but got no relief from a very copious one; then
gave Olive oil and Podophyllum, and in a few hours, got a good evac-
uation, and the removal of the tympanitis; bowels still sensitive. In
the morning, bowels still sensitive; pulse quick and wiry; pupils
dilated, and the muscles of the back of neck contracted, drawing the
head back on the shoulders. Considerable delirium; cough dry and
spasmodic; gave Aconite, Bryonia and Hyosciamus. In the even-
ing the symptoms were increased; the tetanus still continued, ex-
tending to the trunk. At about 12 o'clock she had a convulsion or
a clonic spasm, drawing the head almost to the heels. These spasms
continued as often as once in five, ten or fifteen minutes, without
any relaxation of the muscles of the back for five days, when, after
using all remedies recommended by the authors, and finding the pa-
tient almost gone, I asked for counsel, and Dr. Fowle was called. He
advised emesis and injections, but with no effect with the exception
of some nausea. The sixth day of convulsions we used Chloroform,
but got no effect. Dr. Wood came in, and the decision of all was
that she must die. During this time, the pupils continued dilated,
bearing the strongest light without changing. It was a complete
case of opisthotonos, like that produced on the dog by Gelseminum.
Not having any Gelseminum, I did not give it. During the spasm
the heels almost touched the head, forming a hoop of the body.
From the 3d to the 5th day, the body was covered most of the
time with a cold, clammy sweat. On the fifth day there was a marked
* Phil. Med, and Surg. Reporter.
1040
NEW REMEDIES.
febrile action; came on about noon, and went off in the evening.
The sixth, seventh and eighth days it was the same, when I concluded
to put her on Veratrum viride. Accordingly, about two o'clock in
the afternoon, commenced with one-half drop doses every hour; cou-
tinued this course until twelve o'clock, when there was some nausea.
On a close examination, found that the muscles were somewhat re-
laxed; continued the Veratrum viride until morning, when there
being no fever, I stopped it. I found then, however, that the muscles
of the trunk were completely relaxed and the spasms ceased.
In the afternoon there had occurred no return of fever, but the
muscles of the neck still continued contracted; pupils were natural,
but very sensitive to light. I again gave the Veratrum viride,
as before, and to my joy the next day found her able to lie on
either side or back. Improvement went on from this time. I gave
Nux vomica and other medicines, and in two weeks discharged her.
We had supposed that the opisthotonos was produced by an irritation
of the stomach and bowels, and thus acting sympathetically on the
spinal cord and base of the brain, but I have found out since that
she had a fall, striking the lumbar vertebræ against the corner of a
trunk, three days before she was taken sick. Now, then, what action
has the Veratrum viride on the spinal cord or brain?
Dr. M. A. Tinker, of Schenectady, N. Y., reports a number of
cases of cerebro-spinal diseases, in which the administration of Ver-
atrum was followed by the most gratifying results.
These cases are
so suggestive and interesting, that I give them in full:
ነ
Case 1st. The patient, my son, now (Dec. 1st.) fifteen months
old, of a nervo-sanguine temperament, light complexion and hair, fair
clear skin, blue eyes, fully developed and healthy, previous to the 1st
of June when he had the measles rather mildly and made a good
convalescence. On the 5th of July he was taken with scarlatina ;
had it very mild and made a rapid recovery, to all appearances.
On the 28th of July he became feverish and restless, and gave
evident signs of irritation of the brain.
On the 29th much worse; burning fever; frequent vomiting;
tongue coated whitish; bowels sluggish; urine high colored, of usual
quantity; very restless and sleeps or uurses but little; cries out on
attempting to move him; irritation extending down the spine, and
both ears discharging a thick, excoriating fluid.
30th. Every symptom aggravated in spite of Aconite, Bella-
donna, Bryonia, Pulsatilla, Gelseminum, etc; worries, with a peculiar
moan, most of the time; draws the head backwards; rolls up the
eyes; puts his hands back of his ears, and rolls the head from side to
side; pulse about 150; respiration rather hurried.
31st.-Continues to grow worse; head buried deeply in the pil-
low; eyeballs still turned upwards; other head symptoms about the
same, only increased in violence; bowels and urine as last reported;
discharge from the ears has become purulent and more abundant;
cannot bear to be moved at all. The pulse, towards evening, began
to flag in strength, and at times amounts to little more than a flutter,
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1041
and then the face and front of the body and extremities are quite pale
and covered with a cold perspiration; on examination, I found a strip
about six inches wide extending from the crown of the head to the
bottom of the spine, very pungently hot and dry, reddish in appear-
ance, with several large and small petechia-like musquito bites-
scatterred over this inflamed strip.
August 1st.--Child very low; the pulse at times scarcely per-
ceptible; the case passed this day very much as he appeared last
night, as reported.
August 2d.-Appears to be gradually sinking; do not think that
he can survive the day; no alteration whatever for the better, and
cannot be moved at all; the spinal muscles are very strongly con-
tracted. At about 1 o'clock P. M., I again took up your New Provings
to see if something more could not be done. On examining Veratrum
viride, a single remark there determined me to try the remedy at
once. (Clicinal remarks under Head.) He had cut his front teeth the
week before he was taken sick; there was no apparent irritation
here. I at once prepared a solution, four drops of fluid extract, in
half a tumbler of water, and gave a teaspoonful every hour.
two hours the pulse began to steady, and there was less restlessness.
At 6 P. M., (5 hours) improvement began to be quite evident, and he
slept about 20 minutes quietly. At 9 P. M., nurses; can be moved
and turns his head; the head and spine cool and perspiring freely.
At 12, M., is sleeping; hands awry from the head; lies naturally on
the pillow, and in a free, general perspiration.
In
·August 3d.-Appears like another child entirely; the bowels
regular from the first, and at the second movement quite natural in
appearance; urine normal also; tongue cleaning, and pulse 121.
August 4th.-Child slept very well last night, and the natural
functions are all becoming regular. From this he made a very rapid
convalescence. I changed the medicine once, but restlessness and
head symptoms showed themselves. On returning to the Veratrum
viride, all subsided.
On the 5th of September, long after we had stopped all medica-
tion, the child manifested strong cerebro-spinal symptoms again, with
high fever, loss of appetite, etc., etc., as before. I gave Aconite and
Belladonna, to no purpose. When I had dropped all, and had recourse
to Veratrum viride, same strength as before, in ten hours, all was
right, and the child playing about the floor. This child has had two
similar attacks since, both of which readily yielded to the Veratrum.
Case 2d.-Sept. 7th, was called to see a child aged three months,
the first born alive of several pregnancies, and had suffered much
from its birth; of scrofulous parentage. I found the child emaciated
to a mere skin-covered skeleton, with the head much enlarged and
mis-shapen, and the sutures separated; head was drawn back as far
as possible. The child also had double inguinal hernia; the pulse
about 160 and feeble; respiration feeble and sighing; tongue coated
whitish yellow; posterior portion of head and spine very hot; there
was so much contraction of the spinal muscles, that the child was
1042
NEW REMEDIES.
compelled to lie on his side; the eyes rolled upward; rolling the head
and by turns moaning and screaming; most of the time nursed
but little. He had a watery diarrhoea, mixed with white and green
portions of undigested milk, and at times the discharges were quite
green; the urine scanty and high colored. This state of things had
existed for some time, as the child had been abandoned by two at-
tending physicians to die. I at once concluded to try Veratrum vir-
ide, four drops to a half tumbler of water, and had the pleasure of
seeing my little patient amending daily, to the great delight of the
parents, and in less than one week the child could lie on his back
with ease; the more alarming symptoms all disappeared, and in the
course of three weeks the child had improved so much that his
mother said, “a very worrisome child has become a very good baby."
I called to see the child but a day or two since, and found a very
healthy, fleshy looking fellow.
I have had two other cases, similar as to symptoms, but not in
severity, to those above reported, both of which recovered rapidly
under the use of the Veratrum viride.
Case 3.-A boy, aged 4 years, had for several days a croupy
cough, and at night considerable fever. The cough yielded to Phos-
phorus, but the feverish state increased until it became nearly or
quite a continuous one; tongue coated white; urine scanty and bowels
irregular, and pulse 160 to 170. About six days after the attack, he
had in the evening a very violent convulsion, which lasted about 15
minutes, and considerable insensibility for an hour afterwards; after
this had passed off mostly, the fever began to increase very rapidly,
and in four hours the pulse ran into a flutter, and the respiration had
increased to 76 per minute. I determined to try Veratrum viride,
which I prepared at the rate of six drops fluid extract to one half
tumbler of water, repeated every hour, one teaspoonful; in three hours
he was asleep, and in the morning quite comfortable and wanted to
eat. Continued the medicine from one to three hours during the
two following days, and has had no fever since the night in which he
had the convulsions, which was decidedly epileptiform. He has made
a good convalescence, and is now quite well.
In
"The particular symptoms relieved by the Veratrum viride in all
the cases reported by me, were of of a cerebro-spinal character.
some cases hydrocephalic symptoms were present and had existed for
some time. I have no doubt of its relieving the same symptoms,
arising in connexion with all other diseases, that affect spinal or
cerebral, or both classes of nerves combined, which we so often meet
with in warm weather.
The cases reported were from childron of very large active brains.
I have used the Veratrum alone in congestion and inflammation of
the lungs, with very general satisfaction, my patients making speedy
recoveries. I hold that in lung irritation the spinal nerves are very
extensively complicated, and by using this cerebro-spinal sedative,
the irritation at once begins to subside, and soon all danger is past. I
have the most unlimited confidence in the use of this remedy in all
diseases where the spinal nerves, as well as cerebral, are concerned.
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1043
I have just relieved a case of this kind. A case of Scarlatina. I
tried it as an experiment and found, in a few hours, these peculiar
symptoms all gone and fast disappearing.
I have found Veratrum viride to act almost specifically in cases
of convulsions in which there is a tendency to opisthotonos, and the
more strongly marked this symptom-the more decidedly is this
remedy indicated; and the more obvious its action, whether convul
sions are present or not. In one case recently, I produced a well
marked proving of this, and in another a very striking aggravation,
even with my usual dose, 4 drops tincture to half a goblet of
water.
Mrs. C., aged 85, nervous temperament, been a sufferer for years
with cataleptic spasms of the opisthotonic variety; was relieved in
a few hours of severe spasms, and has had no return for some
weeks; continued the Veratrum viride once or twice a week. Con-
siders himself cured.
Four other physicians to whom I mentioned the action of this
remedy have used it, and report the results very satisfactory-con-
firmatory of my previous statements.
Sleep.-Sound sleep every night, but has frightful dreams of
being on the water; restless night, with frightful dreams of being
drowned.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The above symptoms are quite com-
monly experienced in cerebral congestions. In the incipient stages
of meningitis, or hydrocephalus, dreams of being on the water are not
unusual. Dr. Coe says it is a "soporific, but decrees that it is not a
narcotic. Drs. Tully and Ives proved to their own satisfaction, that it
was possessed of narcotic properties.
Fever.-Chilliness with nausea; coldness of the whole body with
cold perspiration, especially upon the hands, feet and face; coldness,
with pale skin, flabby muscles, and quick weak pulse; excites great
coolness or coldness of the surface, sometimes renders the skin merely
soft and moist, at other times profuse, cold perspirationcool skin.
pulse reduced from 100 to 60 in fever; coldness of the whole body,
with cold sweat; pulse 35 slow and soft, with nausea and vomiting.
When given in fever it does not always cause slowness of the pulse,
but will render a pulse of 140, softer and weak, without diminishing
its frequency; weak, scarcely perceptible pulse, and reduced from
68 to 52; feeble, irregular, scarcely perceptible pulse, with cold
clammy perspiration.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS -The Veratrum viride belongs to the
group of remedies of which Aconite, Veratrum album, Gelseminum
semp. v., etc., are members. The primary action of all these remedies
when given in medicinal doses, is to depress the circulation, through
the agency of the nervous system. With this depression, there is
always present coldness or coolness of the skin, warm or cold per-
1044
NEW REMEDIES.
spiration, chilliness or coldness, and, in short, all the symptoms
which generally characterize the cold stage of fevers. I have not
been able to find, in any of the cases of poisoning by Veratrum viride,
any general reaction following this cold stage. The same may be
said of the other members of this group. It is only in careful and
exhaustive provings, with small and repeated doses, that we get
continuous febrile symptoms. But we may properly accept this
statement, namely, that it is with medicinal, as with natural diseases,
a fact that a febrile reaction always follows the cold stage, if the
vital powers do not prevent. Any cause capable of depressing the
nervous and vascular system (primarily) will cause excitation and irri-
tation of the same systems (secondarily). The secondary (reactive)
symptoms will vary in nature, symptoms, and intensity, with the
cause. Thus, the secondary febrile symptoms following the primary
febrile symptoms of Aconite are very different from those of Gelsemi-
num or Veratrum.
In fevers, in general, Veratrum viride enjoys the confidence of a
great portion of the allopathic and eclectic schools of medicine; but
like all other powerful medicines, it has its enthusiastic adherents
and its bitter opposers. Some very high authorities are extravagant in
their laudations of its safety, efficiency and curative power over many
diseases besides fevers; at the same time, other authorities, equally
high,denounce it as a dangerous drug. Prof, Lee says:
"The same objections will apply to it, as has been brought against
Aconite, namely: The difficulty of regulating its effect, and its dan-
gerously depressing effects, even in small doses. From what we
have seen and know of its use, we have little doubt that it has caused
more deaths in one year than Chloroform has since its discovery.”
I am sorry, for the sake of humanity, that I can agree with Prof.
Lee in his estimate of its danger, but only when used in the recklessly
large doses of his school. Aconite, Tartar emetic, and Mercury are
equally dangerous and fatal, when used by the dominant school; yet
in the hand of the homeopathist, these poisonous agents become po-
tent instruments for the removal of disease. He regulates the dose
to suit the over-sensitive, diseased organism, and the result is that
Veratrum viride, as well as Veratrum album, Aconite, Tartar emetic,
Gelseminum and others, become invaluable to suffering humanity.
In simple ephemeral fever, without local inflammation, but accom-
panid by vertigo, headache, dimness of sight, nausea, weakness, and
restlessness, this remedy is as useful as any. (Drop doses of the
1st decimal dilution.)
In irritative fever it may sometimes be of great utility. In this
discase, the pulse often runs as high as 140, or even 160. It differs
not less in strength and fullness than in frequency. Sometimes it is
strong, full, and moderately accelerated, and sometimes small and
feeble; and the latter is most apt to be the case when the frequency
is the greatest. When the fever is accompanied with a tendency to
drowsiness, throbbing of the temporal arteries, a full, frequent,
hard pulse, vomiting of mucus and bile, constipation, tendency to
spasms, (as is frequently the case in the infantile remittent of chil-
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1045
dren), the Veratrum viride, in suitable doses, will soon effect a favor-
able change. To a person over ten years, may be given five or ten
drops of the 1st decimal dilution, every hour or two; to children,
from one drop to five drops will suffice, although in cases of cerebral
congestion, large doses may be used. When this fever is caused by
teething, the irritation of worms, or any cause acting through the
nervous system, this remedy is the best we can use. As stated above,
the pulse is often quick, febrile and very feeble. This may arise
from an affection of the nervous centres, and the pulse may be the
pulse of oppression and of weakness. In the former case, Veratrum
viride in the doses above recommended, will often cause the pulse to
become less frequent, fuller and softer. When debility is the cause
of the small pulse, Phosphoric acid and China are indicated.
Dr. Neidhard writes: "The Veratrum viride tincture cured the
following symptoms in a boy aged twelve: Headache, with afternoon
fever; dry skin; tongue coated thickly yellow; very thirsty; vomit-
ing of bile; no appetite; constipation."
Intermittent fever is not controlled by any remedy of the Acon-
ite group. They do not seem to possess the anti-periodic power,
which is essential. I cannot subscribe to the doctrine taught in our
school, that "any medicine will cure ague if indicated by the symp-
toms." I practiced in a malarious district over twelve years, and my
experience in the treatment of miasmatic fevers led me to adopt this
conclusion, namely, that there is a certain class of remedies which
possess antidotal virtues, or are capable, when introduced into the
system, of antidoting the malarious poison. I believe this poison to
be a specific miasm, and not a mere "correlated force," as some
teach. Not all intermittents are due to the action of this poison, and
some such fevers may be cured by others than members of the China
group, namely, Quinine, Nux vomica, Arsenicum, Salicine, Cornus
florida, etc. Veratrum viride, although not indicated for the disease
itself, is often of great use in the hot stage, when the action is intense
and the vascular system is excited strongly. In such cases, in adults,
we may have congestion of the brain, delirium, powerful action of the
heart, and a hard rapid pulse; and in children, severe spasms and
convulsions. In these cases this remedy is superior to Aconite
or Belladonna. Under its use the intensity of the paroxysm
will soon subside, and the threatened convulsions be arrested. I
have sometimes given one or two drops of the mother tincture every
half hour, to an adult, and half as much to a child, with the happiest
results.
Remittent or bilious fever, when not dependent on miasmatic in-
fluences, will often be amenable to the therapeutic influence
of Veratrum viride; but will have to be alternated with
other remedies, like Bryonia, Mercurius, Podophyllum, or Lep-
tandra, as the symptoms and conditions demand. When the gas-
tric symptoms are predominant, this remedy will have to be used in
smaller doses, (2d or 3d dilution,) than when the stomach and bowels
are irritated. When this form of fever assumes the character of a
pernicious remittent, the Veratrum viride must be used with extreme
1046
NEW REMEDIES
caution. It is still indicated, but primarily, for the primary action
of the drug is to cause conditions very similar to a pernicious fever;
namely prostration of the vital forces, with typhus symptoms, etc.
My experience in such fevers has taught me that the best and safest
treatment is to use Baptisia, Veratrum viride. Aconite, or Veratrum
album 3d, in alternation with a remedy secondarily indicated,
namely: China, Quinine, Nitric acid, etc., in material doses. Indeed,
it is often necessary in those low conditions which occur during
pernicious fevers, to give Quinine in five or ten grain doses, repeated,
in brandy, every hour. Those who have had to combat these terrible
malarious diseases, will know and appreciate the necessity of resort-
ing, in some cases, to such doses; and those who know the least,
practically, of these diseases, are they who are loudest in de-
nouncing what they term "gross medication."
In Yellow Fever, the Veratrum has been used by the allopathic
school, with alleged success, Drs. White and Ford, of Charleston,
S. C., treated many cases with Veratrum viride. In the Charleston
Medical Journal and Review they give the results of their treatment.
They gave from eight to ten drops to adults, and from one to six
drops to children, repeated every hour or two. By the administra-
tion of the Veratrum in this manner, the pulse was sooner or later
subdued, and as it sank, became somewhat irregular. The first doses
were often vomited, in severe cases, but the succeeding ones were
commonly retained, and the patient did not vomit again until the
pulse was reduced, when the effect of the remedy was occasionally
marked by emesis. This vomiting was rarely severe, ceasing of itself
upon a temporary discontinuance of the medicine, or yielding readily
to common restoratives. The reduction of the pulse was accompanied
by notable cooling of the body, by a well marked diminution of the
headaches, pain in the back and limbs, of the restlessness and anxiety,
of the frequency of the respiration, of the congestion of the skin, flush-
ing of the face, tumefaction of the tongue, and injection of the con-
junctiva. The patient felt much relieved, and slept tranquilly as
soon as the vomiting had ceased; nor would the symptoms tend to
recur for some hours, as they would always do, however, if the drug
were not again prescribed." The pulse was kept by the Veratrum
fifteen beats below the normal range. If the pulse was small and
frequent, it was given in small doses; if black vomit supervened, and
the pulse was slow, the Veratrum plainly was not required; if, how-
ever, the pulse was rapid, the Veratrum was continued in doses propor-
tioned to its frequency, which were usually small, and repeated every
two or three hours. Without regard, therefore to the ordinary accidents
of the disease, whenever it was required, and only then, the Veratrum
was uniformally, or specially administered, until convalescence was
declared." Together with the Veratrum, however, Mercury was given
pushed to salivation and catharsis; also, saline, diuretic and refrig-
erent mixtures; so that the results are anything but satisfactory to
the investigator, who would ascertain the pure effects of drugs in
disease. Of the whole number treated with Veratrum; namely, 117,
there recovered 102; died 15. Adults, 80, recovered 66; died 14
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1047
Children 37, recovered 36; died 1.
The subjoined table shows the
mean range of the pulse under the Veratrum viride, as compared with
its mean range before the Veratrum was given:
Mean Frequency.
Adult Males. Adult Females. Children.
When Veratrum v. was first given.
Seven hours after……..
Remainder of disease.
102.5
61.3
114.2
137.5
65.2
71.0
52.8
64.7
74.8
This table shows the power which the medicine cxercises over the
pulse and the heart's action in disease, and by it we can judge pretty
correctly of its action on the healthy organism.
In typhoid fever, the Veratrum viride has not been used much
in homœopathic practice; not as much, as in our opinion, it is en-
titled to. Many of its symptoms strongly resemble the symptoms of
typhoid, particularly the abdominal and cerebral varieties. The only
cure on record in our literature, illustrating the action of this remedy
in typhoid fever, is reported in the Philadelphia Journal of Homoeo-
pathy, by Dr. Henry. He says: "It is the best remedy I have ever
used in the treatment of those diseases which have a tendency to as-
sume a typhoid form of fever. As far as I have been able to test this
remedy in fever of all descriptious, I must say I am better pleased
with it than with Aconite."
Case 1.-A little girl, aged thirteen, had been suffering with con-
tinued fever for ten days. She complained of violent pain in the
back; inclined to sleep most of the day; very sick at the stomach,
but not so as to produce vomiting; black diarrhoea; pulse varying
from ninety-eight to one hundred and ten during the day; pain and
weakness in the lower limbs. I took the case to be a mild form of
typhus. I immediately put five drops of the mother tincture in a
tumbler half full of water, and ordered a teaspoonful to be taken every
half hour, until perspiration was produced. I called in two hours,
found the pulse down to 84; the patient was in a general perspira-
tion; she recovered without any other remedy, in two days.
Case 2d.—Mr. H., a young man, aged eighteen, sick two weeks.
Found him with a very high fever; pulse 120; face very much
flushed; fullness, with slight pain, and great buzzing in the head;
gnats and bugs fly before the eyes; inclined to jump out of bed;
talking at random; slight, bearing-down pains in the bowels, attended
with black diarrhoea; great weakness of the lower extremities, with
general prostration. Six drops of the mother tincture of Veratrum
viride were mixed with twelve teaspoonfuls of water, a teaspoonful
to be taken every half hour. In three hours, found the pulse down to
95; before the day was out he was in a fine perspiration; no fever
for three days; has now a slight fever, which lasts two or three hours
a day; every other symptom right."
There is no question in my mind but that a continuance of the
pathogenetic action of Veratrum viride would result in such lesions
of the intestinal canal, as results in the typhus process. Rubbed
1048
NEW REMEDIES.
on the skin or held in the mouth, it causes erosions and vesicular
cruptions, and it will probably effect similarly the whole intestinal
tract. I regard it as secondarily indicated in all fevers of the
synochal or inflammatory type, and even in some typhoids. The
above cases have many symptoms which resemble those caused by
Veratrum viride; but Baptisia, Belladonna, Phosphoric acid and
Muriatic acid, are more generally indicated.
I do not consider my duty to my colleagues properly performed,
did I not give allopathic testimony as regards the use of this medicine
in typhoids. A little truth may be gleaned from the chaff, by careful
winnowing.
Dr. Staples, of Dubuque, Iowa, says: "Veratrum viride has been
condemned in some of our castern hospitals, in asthenic cases at-
tended with much prostration. For instance, typhoid fever; on the
ground'that we have already a weak, feeble pulse, and the Veratrum
would only make it weaker.' Now, any observer who has carefully
observed the action of Veratrum viride, has observed that the pulse,
as it was reduced in frequency, became fuller and stronger, while the
fact that it causes nervous sedation should not be lost sight of. It
should also be borne in mind that the views of modern investigators
in reference to the agency of the nervous system in pathology and
therapeutics, essentially modify the treatment of disease. It is a fact
well known to pathologists, that similar phenomena often attend to-
tally opposite conditions of the brain, for which no satisfactory expla-
nation can be given. There are functional derangements, watchful-
ness, etc., attendant upon super-excitation of the brain, while the
debility and depression of the nervous system, which explode into
delirium tremens, are followed by kindred phenomena. But in either
case, the continuance of the disturbance, enhances the primary affec-
tion, and by so much, removes the system from convalescence. Take
now, typhoid fever. True, there is a rapid, feeble pulse, but the very
excitation and irritation which grow out of cerebro-spinal debility,
and increased vascular action, perpetuate the disturbances, augment
the very debility and wear out the system by excessive friction. In
this condition the secretions are locked up; the brain is oppressed,
the heart and lungs are laboring to free themselves from the tension
to which they were subjected. Now here is a condition in which rem-
edies cannot act. But if we can subdue this nervous exaltation, the
system becomes relaxed, the secretions are restored, the circulation
and respiration becomes slower, fuller and stronger; the lungs oxy-
genate the blood more completely, and nutrition and depuration,
which had before been impossible, is allowed to go on. I have
seen typhoidal cases, where the morbid action had continued for
weeks, with the pulse from 110 to 130, speedily convalesce, on
reducing the cardiac pulsations by Veratrum viride, to 70 or 80
per minute."
+
Dr. S. submits the following hypothesis of the action of Verat-
rum viride, under which it may be serviceable in cases of debility,
under certain restrictions, and ot the same time valuable as an anti-
phlogistic:
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1049
3
"The administration of Veratrum viridə, carried to a limited
extent, allays, by its action upon the cerebro-spinal system, nervous
and circulatory excitability, and places the system in a favorable
condition for recuperation; another degree produces profounder im-
pressions by attacking the sympathetic system, which presides over
secretion and nutrition, inducing sedation and constitutional depres-
sion, evinced by the rapid waste, emesis, diuresis, and diaphoresis."
The testimony of the eclectic and allopathic schools, as to its
usefulness in low forms of fever, is about equally divided. In small
doses, as the dilutions, it will undoubtedly prove useful in typhoid
and other low fevers, if homeopathic to the symptoms and con-
ditions.
Muscular and Fibrous Tissues.-On these tissues the eratrum
viride has an undoubted, and perhaps direct effect, similar perhaps
to Bryonia, Belladonna, Colchicum, Cimicifuga, etc.
In some clinical remarks upon the Veratrum viride, Dr. J. C.
Peterson gives the cases below, illustrating its action in Rheumatism.
Case 1.-Mr. S. aged 37, sanguine, nervous temperament, was
attacked with violent rheumatic pains in the left pectoral region and
elbow of the same side. The pain was so severe that he was deli-
rious. I gave him Veratrum viride 1st, one drop every fifteen
minutes; perfect relief followed the exhibition of this drug within an
hour. He fell asleep and perspired profusely. Although of a decided
rheumatic diathesis, he has had no return of a similar attack.
Case 2.-Master F.. 11 years of age, was attacked with violent
inflammatory rheumatism of the left knee. The part was much
swollen, but not discolored; impossible to move the limb on
account of the agony it produced. Gave Veratrum viride tincture,
one drop every half hour, until relief from the pain resulted, then a
dose every three hours. In 24 hours he fully recoverd and has since
remained well.
I found her ex-
Gave Veratrum
Case 3.—Miss P., aged 26. Was attacked with severe pain in
the left knee, which prevented the use of the limb.
cessively nervous and with some general fever.
viride tincture, one drop every hour. In a few hours complete re-
lief followed the use of this drug.
Case 4.-Mrs. H., aged 42, of a decided scrofulous diathesis, was
attacked with rheumatism of the left hip and leg. The pain was severe
and the limbs restless. Gave Veratrum viride tincture, a dose every
two hours, one drop, which relieved her of her suffering in 48 hours.
Case 5.-Mrs. H., aged 40, nervous temperament and subject to
dyspepsia, had severe agonizing pains in the right shoulder, extend-
ing along the scapula and into the back of the neck.
The arm was
paralyzed and immovable, pulse accellerated and tense, tongue
coated white. She had been in this condition for several days with
aggravation at night, so as to preclude sleep, Gave Veratrum viride
tincture, one drop every hour. The effect of a few doses was to pro-
duce profuse perspirations and to bring about relief from her suffer-
69
1050
NEW REMEDIES.
ings. Rhus tox, was given in alternation with Veratrum viride to
relieve the paralyzed condition of the arın. This case fully recovered
in a few days.
It will be observed that all these cases occurred upon the left
side. I have been led to look upon Veratrum viride as a specific for
all this form of trouble. In neuralgia I do not think it equal to
Belladonna, Aconite, Spigelia, and Kalmia.
Dr. J. C. Peterson expresses his opinion that "In all inflamma-
tory conditions where we find a complication with the stomach, I pre-
scribe Veratrum viride in preference to Aconite. Thus in Catarrhal
Fevers, we often have nausea and perhaps vomiting, even at the on-
set of the disease. For such cases, I use the Veratrum viride, even
though Aconite might be indicated by the purely inflammatory symp-
toms. I have succeeded with the happiest results by this course.'
Mucous Membranes.-Its action on these membranes is proba-
bly extensive. Like Tartar emetic, it will cause hyperæmia, and
even acute inflammation if applied locally, or even by its internal
administration. In the latter instance, however, its action is secondary.
In all the inflammations of mucous surfaces, it has been praised by
physicians of both schools.
Dr. A. V. Marshall, of Vermont, reports the following cases of
catarrhal inflammation treated with Veratrum:
Case 1st.-Miss T- called at my office complaining of a cold
which caused her to cough very much. Gave Aconite and Pulsatilla.
About a week later she sent for more medicine, saying that she
coughed more than ever, I prescribed for her several times during
the next two months, with little or no benefit. By this time all the
neighborhood was alarmed, as they supposed Miss T. must die soon of
consumption. About this time I thought best to find out what ailed
my patient, for I had given little attention to the case before, as I sup-
posed the trouble was protracted by taking new cold. At this time, I
found hard pain in the forehead, above and between the eyes, extend-
ing towards the back part of the head; for chest symptoms, I found
only slight bronchial irritation. She coughed hard day and night,
and could sleep only one or two hours out of twenty-four; raised
thick, white or yellowish matter; most in the morning, or after getting
a little rest. At times, she felt something trickling down the back
part of the throat, as she said. I diagnosed catarrh of the posterior
and superior nares, and prescribed Veratrin 2d trituration, the bottle
of it to be shaken so that the dust of the powder will rise freely, and
held under the nostrils while inhaling the breath, once in four hours.
the result was a speedy and permanent cure.
Case 2-Mrs, M——. In her imagination she is afflicted with
almost every malady that ever she heard of; thinks she is going to
die, and wishes she could die, and yet she "would not die for all the
world;" just such a patient as no one likes to doctor; one particular
symptom was hard and constant burning pain, above, between, and
back of the eyes; discharge from the nose and throat, of what she
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1051
compared to thick starch. She has been under the care of an allo-
pathist for months. He tells her that her stomach is out of order,
that the head symptoms are sympathetic, etc., (?) Ordered Veratrin,
as in case first, and a weak infusion of Cypripedium, one spoonfull,
three times a day. Three days later she was the same, except that the
catarrhal discharge was more profuse; ordered the snuff (Veratrin)
to be taken only once a day. She improved rapidly, took the snuff
less frequent as she gained, and in two weeks she was able to attend
to the household duties, and was about as good as new, I have used
the Veratrin in the same form in numerous cases with perfect satis-
faction.
#
Skin.-Coldness of the skin, which is usually perspiring; the
sweat is often warm, but sometimes cold and clammy; it causes
vesication of the skin, when applied externally; tingling and prickling
of the skin.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have no proof in our proving, or
in the cases of poisoning on record, that it causes any eruptions when
taken internally; externally it causes erythema and vesications. Prof.
Lee says it is an "epispastic;" it causes perspiration, not like Opium
which stimulates the skin, but like Tartar emetic. In other words,
the sweating is passive from depression of function. In Tilden's
Journal we read that the Veratrum viride has been used externally
in local inflammations. The tincture should be combined with Gly-
cerine, two parts to six. Apply by saturating lint, and putting it on
the inflamed spot. It is reported to have cured a case of shingles,
applied externally in the form of diluted tincture. In chronic skin
diseases, it has been used according to Prof. Lee, with much benefit.
A popular ointment for the cure of scabies, tinea, capitis, etc., is made
from this plant, but its external use in such cases is not devoid of
danger.
In the febrile exanthemata, the Veratrum viride has proved effi-
cacious in homoeopathic practice.
In Small Pox, or Variola, when the fever is intense, with exces-
sive pain and restlessness, the Veratrum viride will prove as reliable
as Aconite, and in some cases, even more satisfactory. I have used
it in but one case of variola-four drops of the 1st dec. were given
every hour, with the effect of mitigating the severity of the fever, and
hastening the occurrence of the eruption. The recent use of the
Sarracenia purpurea, in this dreaded disease, now attracts much
attention, and bids fair to supersede all other remedies.
Dr. Holcomb, of New Orleans, thinks highly of the use of Verat-
rum viride and Macrotin in variola. He says:
Small-pox I have always regarded as a self-limited disease, run-
ning a specific course, and very slightly modified by medicinal meas-
ures. I passed through a dreadful epidemic of it at Natchez, in 1863,
and have seen a good many cases in this city in the last six months.
Tartar-emetic, Causticum, Croton tig., Mercurius corrosivus, Thuya,
and Variolin, have been my main-stays, and I have had every reason
1052
NEW REMEDIES.
to be satisfied with my treatment, the mortality being very small;
still the natural history and course of the disease has been pretty
much that described in the books for the last hundred years. Lately
I noticed that Dr. Wilkinson, of London, had great confidence in
Veratrum viride for small pox; and remembering that Dr. Hill in
his Epitome, and Dr. Smith, of Chicago, had recommended Macrotin
in the warmest manner, I determined to alternate the two.
I began
on a very severe case. The constitutional symptoms were violent
and the patient was thickly peppered with the eruption, although it
was not confluent. I gave Macrotin, one tenth of a grain, and Verat-
rum viride, one drop of the mother tincture, alternately every two
hours. The case went along very smoothly; the vesicles did not go
on to full maturation; the great majority of them flattened rapidly,
dried, and fell off. I had never seen so rapid a cessation of the
disease before, nor so prompt a convalescence. I have pursued the
same treatment in three more cases, all with the same result. It
will take a vast amount of evidence to prove that anything can abort
the development of the variolous poison, but the above cases are cer-
tainly valuable. Nothing else whatever was employed, except bath-
ing some portious of the skin in warm whisky and water to relieve
the intolerable itching, which is sometimes so distressing."
In measles, during the febrile stage, and especially, if pulmonary
congestion is feared, the Veratrum viride is a most useful remedy.
Under its use the dyspnoea, cough and pain rapidly subside. In chil-
dren, convulsions often precede the outbreak of the eruption. If
Veratrum viride is given at the outset, this accident will generally
be prevented. The next most useful remedies in this disease are
Gelseminum, Pulsatilla, Euphrasia and Mercurius iodatus.
In scarlatina, it is infinitely superior to Aconite, Gelseminum,
or any other remedy except Belladonna. I allude to the scarlatina
simplex, and scarlatina anginosa, during the first or febrile stage. It
controls the pulse even when given in the low dilutions, better than
any other remedy, and hastens the normal appearance of the eruption.
The testimony of some of the most prominent physicians of the
homoeopathic school sustain this assertion. Dr. Small prefers it to
any other remedy, when the arterial excitement is intense, and there
is danger of cerebral congestion, or irritation of the spinal centres.
It is well known that in this disease the arterial excitement is more
severe, the pulse more frequent, and the heat of the skin greater than
in any other; the Veratrum viride will sooner modify this condition
than Aconite or Gelseminum. It should be given in alternation with
Belladonna; the doses must be varied to suit the severity of the case.
For children, the dilutions, from the 1st to the 3d decimal; for adults
drop doses of the mother tincture may be required. The best is, to
give enough to control the arterial excitement.
It is useful in certain sequelæ of scarlatina, acute rheumatism,
dropsy, etc., when febrile symptoms are manifested. In erysipelas it
is often useful. Besides its specific action in controlling the arterial
excitement, it appears to be homoeopathic to the vesicular variety;
for the application of Veratrum viride to the skin often causes an
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1053
eruption closely resembling that form of the disease, and even its in-
ternal administration is said to have caused a similar eruption all over
the body. When cerebral symptoms occur, from a supposed metas-
tasis of the inflammation to the brain, and we find the pulse hard and
full, or hard and small, we may expect much benefit from this rem-
edy, in alternation with Belladonna, Apis, or Arnica. If the febrile
symptoms assume a low or asthenic type, Rhus tox., Arnica, Muriatic
acid, or Baptisia, will be more applicable. The Veratrum viride has
been used as an external application, with alleged benefit, in cases of
erysipelas a weak solution-one dram to one pint of water, may be
applied with soft cloths.
Since the first edition of this work, the use of Veratrum viride,
in erysipelas, internally and externally, according to my suggestion,
has been adopted, with successful results.
Dr. Wilkinson, of London, (England) praises it highly, is rather
too enthusiastic in fact, In his work* he gives several cases illustrat-
ing its efficacy; but the cases he gives are not quite satisfactory.
Dr. Drummond, of England, also values it highly in erysipelas.+
He uses a lotion of thirty drops to half a pint of water, applied con-
stantly to the diseased surface by means of lint. He reports three
cases; the first, a case of erysipelas of the face and scalp, in which
the lotion in a few hours sufficed to disperse the redness and swelling,
whilst the pain was mitigated from the first application of the lotion.
Case 2d.-Mr. N——, aged 62, employed in a glass works, called
upon me on the 12th of June, 1865. He had been spending a few
days in the country, and had been exposed to excessive sun heat.
His face was greatly swollen, and the eyelids so much puffed that he
could only find his way with difficulty, and he complained of the
burning and stinging pain of the face. He had applied, during the
two previous days, cream and buttermilk, and had taken some aperi-
ent medicine, but without the slightest relief. As there was little
constitutional disturbance I simply ordered him to use the Veratrum
viride as a lotion to the face, by means of lint moistened with it. This
gave relief, and I heard no more about him except indirectly through
his son.
Case 3.-Miss T. D., aged nineteen, after an exposure to damp
during the catamenial period, was attacked with erysipelas. I did
not see her at the onset of the disease, but she had been advised to
take Belladonna and Rhus alternately, and to apply a saturnine lotion
to the face. She disliked this lotion and at last refused to use it,
and gin and water was substituted by her friends. The next day I
.visited her; the nose, eyes and forehead were much swollen, and the
scalp was very sensitive to pressure to the vertex, although it did
not appear puffed. The only change suggested in the treatment was
the substitution of the Veratrum viride for the other lotions. Amend-
ment at once set in, and she was
set in, and she was convalescent within a week,
and she spoke most favorably of the effects of the Veratrum.
* "Small pox and Kindred Diseases."
t British Homoeopathic Observer.
1054
NEW REMEDIES.
Case 4.-Mrs. G., aged forty-six, a stout, plethoric lady, with a
strongly, marked gouty diathesis, was taken ill on the 21st of May,
1865. She had been sitting on the lawn watching some friends play
croquet until late in the evening; after returning to the house, she
had a severe rigor, followed by pungent fever and distressing throb-
bing headache. I saw her next day, pulse 100, tongue coated and
dry, thirst, headache, severe pain in the right leg, and complete ina-
bility to move it. Upon examining the leg, found it intensely red
from the ankle to above the knee, swollen and oedematous; the skin
looking as though it must burst. Low diet, Aconite A. and Bella-
donna A., alternately, and dressed the leg with strips of lint, moist-
ened with Veratrum lotion, which were covered with oiled silk. In
the evening, the fever less severe, the headache still most intense,
ordered Rhus and Belladonna, and the lotion to be continued.
May 23d.--The headache most distressing, leg looks paler, but
the erysipelatous blush has extended up the back of the thigh. Lotion
to be applied to these parts, to take Mercurius vivus a, gr. ij immedi-
ately, and then continue the Belladonna and Rhus. Evening, the
headache is so intense she declares she must go mad if she does not
get relief, and is annoyed at my expressing a wish to examine the
leg, which she says is comfortable; the erysipelas less; ordered Glo-
noine¹ and Apis mel. B, and the lotion to be continued.
May 24th. After the first dose of Glonoine, fell asleep and slept
tranquilly for two hours. Head much relieved, leg better. From
this date she gradually improved and it is not necessary to detail the
daily symptoms. Several weeks elapsed before she regained suffi-
cient strength to move about, the leg remaining so much swollen
that she could not put a stocking on. She, however, gradually im-
proved, from day to day, and went to Weisbaden in July, for the ben-
efit of her gouty symptoms, from which place I have received most
favorable accounts of her progress.
Head.-Headache, with vertigo; dimness of vision, and dilated
pupils; headache, proceeding from the nape of the neck; heaviness
of the head; sharp, drawing pain over the left eye, with a contracted
feeling of the skin of the forehead; dull, frontal headache, with neu-
ralgic pains in the right temple, close to the eye; dull, drawing
pains in the forehead, with drawing, dull pains in the umbilical
region; very severe frontal headache, with vomiting; constant, duil,
heavy headache.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The Veratrum viride acts upon the
brain similarly to Aconite and Gelseminum; yet, their effects are far
from identical. The therapeutic range of Veratrum over affections
of the brain, is far greater than that of the latter.
I know of no
drug, not even Belladonna, so useful in affections of the head, when
they are of a congestive character. In cerebral congestions, it is
immensely superior to any known drug. This assertion is made un-
derstandingly, and based upon an experierce of six years with the
medicine. It is most useful when the congestion arises from plethora,
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1055
vascular irritation, coup de soliel, alcoholic stimulants, teething in
children, and especially when it occurs from suppressed discharges.
When the congestion occurs from rheumatic irritation, Cimicifuga or
Aconite are better indicated. The symptoms calling for Veratrum
viride are a sense of fullness; weight or distension of the head;
giddiness; intense headache, with fullness and throbbing of the arter-
ies, sometimes with stupefaction; increased sensitiveness to sound,
with buzzing, roaring, etc.; double, partial, luminous, painful, dim,
or otherwise disordered vision; nausea and vomiting; tingling,
numbness, etc., in the limbs; mental confusion; loss of memory;
convulsions or paralysis of motion.
For the congestions of the head, in young children, from
teething, I have for several years given this medicine the
preference over Belladonna or Aconite; also in cerebral oppres-
sion, occurring during the progress of a pneumonia. I consider it as
perfectly homeopathic to these before-mentioned congestive condi-
tions, as any other drug in our Materia Medica, for it has caused all
the symptoms of such morbid states. It does not cure by depressing
the action of the heart, as bleeding does. Those who denounce the
use of Veratrum viride in vascular irritation, fever, etc., might as
well denounce Aconite and Gelseminum, for they all act in a similar
manner. The increased action of the vascular system is a secondary
effect of these medicines.
In meningitis, the Veratrum vir. should be used promptly, in the
lowest dilutions, alternated with Belladonna, when the latter remedy
seems indicated. I believe it to be more useful in this disease, as
well as cerebritis, than Aconite. In tubercular meningitis, or hydro-
cephalus, it can do no good, except in the stage of active inflammation,
if that stage exists; but it may be palliative in preventing or arrest-
ing spasms in the later stages. Three cases occurring in my own
practice will illustrate its usefulness in congestive headaches.
Case 1.-Five drops of Veratrum viride,, three times a day,
cured a case of habitual congestive headache, which had troubled a
young and plethoric lady for over six months. She took the medicine
four weeks. From having attacks every day or two, they came only
once a week, and finally subsided entirely.
Case 2.-A young, stout and very plethoric servant girl, had intense
congestive headache at cach menstrual period (the menstrua were
very scanty and painful). The attacks were almost apoplectic, ren-
dering here delirious or insensible, with dark, purple redness of the
face, throbbing of the carotids, epistaxis, and partial paralysis of
motion, and sometimes cramps. No hysterical complication was
present. After taking five drops of Veratrum viride, th, as follows:
three times a day during the inter-menstrual period, and every hour
during the attack. She was much benefitted, the menstrua were
more abundant, and the headache slight. The second period was
much more natural, with very little headche.
Case 3.-Intense congestive cephalalgia from suppression of the
menses. Bleeding had been decided upon by another physician, (an
1056
NEW REMEDIES.
allopathist) but at my suggestion to the family, the Veratrum viride
was tried. Ten drops of the 7th every 30 minutes, relieved her in
two hours, and the menses reappeared.
Face and Nose.-Pale, cold face; face cold, bluish, and covered
with cold perspiration; convulsive twitching of the facial muscles;
mouth drawn down at one corner; paleness of the lips, and around
the alæ of the nostrils; nose looks pinched, cold, and blue; profuse
secretion of mucus from the nostrils; singular contortions of the
muscles of the face. (See spasmodic symptoms.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-We have in the above facial symptoms
these conditions indicated, namely: collapse of the general system,
spasmodic or choreic states, and a congested or apoplectic condition
of the brain. It has cured several cases of chorea, and is of great
value in cerebral congestion. The "drawing down of a corner of the
mouth" would point to a sanguineous effusion into the brain sub-
stance.
Ears.-Ringing in the ears; moving quickly produces complete
deafness; dull, roaring in the ears; the ears are cold and pale.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.--Most of the effects of Veratrum upon
the ears and eyes arise from a depressed state of the circulation. The
same condition is present as after excessive bleedings, or loss of any
of the vital fluids. In high potencies it may prove useful in similar
affections. But Veratrum viride causes secondarily, congestion of the
brain, with ringing of the ears. In low dilutions it is one of the
best remedies for the latter condition. It is well known that anæmia
and plethora will produce nearly the same array of brain symptoms,
although opposite pathological states are really present. Thus, acute
hydrocephalus is often simulated by the hydrocephaloid disease, which
arises from sheer debility.
Eyes.-Profuse secretion of tears; dimness of sight; walking
brings on blindness with faintness; dimness of vision, with dilated
pupils; immense circles of a green color, appeared around the candle,
which, as vertigo came on, and I closed my eyes, turned to red;
double vision.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is primarily homoeopathic to amau-
rosis from anæmia, or from loss of fluids, or from debility during
convalescence, (should be alternated with China, Phosphoric acid 1st,
and given in the 6th dilution.) It is also indicated in amaurosis from
irritation or congestion of the optic nerves, when the symptoms cor-
respond with its pathogenesis.
Mouth, Fauces and Esophagus.-Tongue feels as if it had
been scalded, (constant symptom ); tongue coated yellow along the
centre; flat, bitter taste on the tongue; copious secretion of saliva;
intense burning in the fauces, with constant inclination to swallow;
burning in the oesophagus; spasms of the oesophagus; burning and
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1057
spasm of the œsophagus, with rising of frothy, bloody mucus into the
mouth, (this symptom was intensely disagreeable, lasted several days,
and was relieved by Phosphorus 3d, after several remedies had been
tried in vain); sensation as of a ball rising in the œsophagus.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The yellow coating on the tongue and
the bitter taste, were both noticed in the morning, and point to irri-
tation of the liver. The Veratrum viride produces undoubted inflam-
mation of the mucous membrane of the oesophagus, with superficial
erosion, spasm, etc. We have here a truly homoeopathic remedy for
oesophagitis. It is also homœopathic to spasmodic stricture of that
tube.
Stomach. Uneasy constriction of the stomach, with tendency to
sickness; excruciating pain in the lower part of the stomach, the
pain extending to about the size of the hand; the constrictive pain is
increased by warm drinks, which seem to go under the pain; violent
nausea and vomiting; vomiting of glairy mucus with blood, with
running from the nose and eyes; excruciating pain in the pit of the
stomach, with heat and constriction of the throat; vomiting of, first
food, then mucus, finally a small quantity of blood; painful, empty
retching; sensation of dryness and heat in throat, extending to the
stomach, with disposition to hiccough; severe hiccough of fifteen or
twenty times per minute; violent vomiting, coming on in about ten or
fifteen minutes; great irritability of the stomach, the smallest quan-
tity of food or drink is immediately rejected-this irritation continued
for three weeks (from thirty drops); great uneasiness, followed by in-
tense pain in the stomach; the pain was drawing, twisting, and
pressing; the stomach felt as if drawn tightly against the spinal
column, causing pain in the back, in the dorsal region; the stomach
seemed to press against the spine when lying upon the back; the
pain in the stomach would culminate every five or ten minutes, with
powerful and expulsive vomiting; the pain was aggravated by the
least noise; vomiting, not preceeded by nausea.-(Various sources.)
Vomiting of bile and blood; hiccough before and after vomiting;
very frequent neuralgic (?) pains in the cardiac portion of the
stomach; sharp, flying pains in the epigastrium and umbilical region,
passing down to the pabes.-(Dr. Burt's proving.) Dr. Osgood—an
allopathic observer-noticed in his own case, that the vomiting was
effected by a spasmodic contraction of the stomach itself without par-
ticipation of the diaphragm, and abdominal muscles; and in another
individual was preceded by a sensation as of a ball rising in the
œsophagus-the result no doubt of spasmodic contraction of the tube
Dr. Norwood says:
"We have seen it produce emesis in very sus
1058
NEW REMEDIES
•
ceptible persons, and the contractions of the stomach were so rapid
as to be almost continuous, and uninterrupted." He also remarks
that “there need be no danger apprehended of causing inflammation
of the stomach; we have given especial attention to that particular.
It is peculiar, and at the same time interesting in its effects, from the
fact of its acting as a sedative on almost every other portion of the
system, diminishing the vascular and muscular action and motion of
every other part, and increasing that of the stomach. Dr. N. asserts
that it increases the appetite and desire for food.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-
-We have in the above a notable array
of symptoms, pointing to excessive gastric irritability. Its action on
the stomach is quite similar to that of Veratrum album, Tartar
emetic, or Arsenicum. It is evidently homoeopathic to cardialgia,
gastralgia, and neuralgic or spasmodic affections of the stomach, when
accompanied by vomiting, retching and excessive irritation. Dr. Burt
considers it the best remedy in such cases-better than the Veratrum
album. He uses it at the 3d or 6th. It should not be given lower.
It should prove curative in gastritis, erosion of the stomach, and ought
to palliate the pain and vomiting in cancer of the stomach.
It causes
all the symptoms of pyrosis, water-brash, and many of the symptoms
of "dyspepsia."
anus.
"At
Bowels, Stool, etc.-Frequent drawing pain in the umbilical
region; neuralgic (?) pains at the right side of the umbilicus, passing
down to the groin; sharp pains in the epigastrium and umbilical
regions, passing down to the pubes; dull, heavy, aching pains in the
umbilical region (constant symptom); cutting, aching pains in the
umbilical region, with rumbling in the bowels, and desire for stool;
soft, mushy stool, preceded by cutting pains in the bowels, and
followed by cutting pains in the rectum and
three different times, on the second day of the proving, I had
severe neuralgic and long-lasting pains in the rectum; neuralgic pains
in the left groin; I never had such pains before."-Dr. Burt. "The
first day after I left off proving the Veratrum viride I had neuralgic
pains in the anus and rectum. They came on twenty or thirty times
a day for three weeks, when there appeared a large tumor which
pained me constantly. One half the tumor was very red, the other
half dark blue. I never had piles before in my life. My alvine
evacuations were natural all the time.”—Burt.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is agreed by all allopathic medical
writers who speak of this plant, that it irritates the bowels much less
than Veratrum album. Some, however, claim that it should not be
used in diseases where any intestinal irritation exists. Wood, how-
ever, does not mention it as a purgative. Dr. Coe remarks: The
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1059
"emeto-
employment Veratrum viride in the treatment of diarrhoea and
dysentery affords occasion for some remarks in regard to the action
of this remedy upon the bowels. We have seen it stated by some
writers, that Veratrum is objectionable on account of its irritating in-
fluence upon the intestines. Such has not been our experience. We
have employed it much in the treatment of bowel complaints, and
with the most happy results." Yet he admits that it has an
cathartic" action, and says it is contra-indicated in "intestinal ulcer-
ations." He says it is useful in all cases of "torpor and debility of
the abdominal organs," and is of utility in mania, epilepsy, hysteria,
convulsions, melancholy, etc., when arising from "functional obstruc-
tions" of the abdominal viscera, and disturbed and discordant action
of the abdominal nervous plexus.” All this, however, is quite con-
jectural, although it is apparently indicated in abdominal congestions.
Dr. Norwood says,
"it is not cathartic," but he speaks of "avoiding
its drastic effect," and mentions that "the only cases in which we
have seen it purge, were when given in combination with tartar
emetic. In most of these cases it excited a violent cholera morbus.
Concerning its therapeutic effects, he states: "We have found it of
great value in the treatment of typhoid dysentery, and would feel un-
able to combat that disease without it, or some other remedy of equal
power." It seems homoeopathic to about the same condition of the
bowels as Veratrum album; also to hæmorrhoids.
Kidneys, Urine, etc.-Profuse urine; increased secretion of
pale urine.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-Its action on the kidneys has been
pretty well investigated by allopathic observers. Prof. Lee says:
Its diuretic action has been established by numerous experi-
ments. It is worthy of particular note that it does not act as a mere
renal hydragogue, but like Colchicum, it increases the solid constit-
uents of the urine. While it increases the amount of organic and
inorganic solids, it is not positively established that it augments the
quantity of the uric acid. Like Colchicum, it increases the amount
of the urine, as well as the total amount of the solids eliminated, but
it is pretty generally certain that this is mainly dependent on an in-
crease of organic matter. Its curative influence in gout and rheum-
atism may thus be explained. It is said to eliminate lithic acid
through the kidneys."
Dr. Abbott made some experiments which proved that it causes a
considerable increase in the amount, and a corresponding decrease in
the specific gravity of the urine. It would seem to be homœopathic,
primarily, to certain forms of diuresis, enuresis, and perhaps diabetes.
It it is curative in acute inflammation of the kidneys and
bladder.
Generative Organs of Men.-
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It is used successfully in severe in-
flammatory diseases of these organs. Dr. Osgood considered it
almost specific for orchitis. It will probably prove as useful as Aconite
in affections of these tissues.
1060
NEW REMEDIES.
Generative Organs of Women.-We have yet no symptomatic
proving of Veratrum viride upon the female organism. It is said to
have caused abortion in numerous instances, yet Drs. Ford and White,
who used it so freely in yellow fever, thought it prevented that acci-
dent. It may not cause abortion directly, as Sabina or Cimicifuga,
but indirectly, by the great prostration of the general symptoms, the
sevcre efforts to vomit, etc. In the same way it would cause hemor-
rhage from the uterus. It is probably homoeopathic, primarily, to
passive congestions of that organ. My experience with the Veratrum
viride, in this class of diseases, is confined principally to acute in-
flammation of the uterus, or puerpural metritis, in which I place a
high estimate upon its value. I think I have arrested the innflamma-
tion, or materially modified it, by the use of the lower dilutions.
There are certain conditions attending uterine disorders, in which the
Verat. v. has proved very successful in my hands. I allude to those
congestions of the head or lungs which occur during uterine disorders,
such as menstrual congestions of the head, (menstrual headache), also
congestion of the head and lungs from suppressed menses, suppressed
lochia, etc. In these accidents, a few drops of the lowest dilutions
has never failed to prove promptly curative in my practice. It is
highly recommended by Dr. Miller, (eclectic), in dysmenorrhea, oc-
curring in plethoric subjects, (i. e., congestive dysmenorrhoea). In
anæmic subjects, he pronounces it decidedly injurious. It is probably
indicated in this affection, for similar symptoms to Aconite and
Belladonna.
Dr. Peterson, of Waterloo, N. Y., writes: "For violent menstrual
colic previous to the occurrence of the discharge, I use Veratrum viride
tincture in drop doses, repeated every half hour or hour. It is in-
variably followed by a marked mitigation of suffering and the estab-
lishment of the periods. I could cite from my note book hundreds of
these cases.
It has been found useful in palliating violent attacks of hysteri-
cal convulsions. Many allopathic writers, among them Dr. Simp-
son, of Edinburgh, extol it highly in puerpural fever. It may
prove useful in the vomiting, pyrosis, and other symptoms occurring
during pregnancy. Many of the symptoms occurring during the
change of life, are simulated by this medicine. In acute mastitis
with high febrile action, and great tumefaction of the breasts I have
used it alternately with Belladonne, with very satisfactory results. It
has been used boldly-recklessly-by the allopathic school, in pur-
pureal convulsions (eclamsia) as a substitute for blood-letting, but in
such doses as to be nearly or quite as pernicious as the abstraction
of blood. I have never used in that affection, but I have adminis-
tered it in cases where I though convulsions would ensue if not
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1061
warded off, and with the apparent result of preventing that terrible.
array of symptoms. In puerpural mania it has proved curative.
(See a case reported by Dr. Woodward.) Dr. Atlee reports a case as
follows: "The labor had been preternatural, child delivered dead,
by podalic version. She did well until ten days after confinement,
when she became silent, suspicious, and distrustful of those about her,
without any obvious cause. In the hope that the change was temporary,
opium and perfect rest, with careful watching, was enjoined. Two days
after, symptoms of puerpural mania were still more developed; it was
impossible for the doctor to come near her, his presence seemed to ter-
rify her, and her husband told him that since the last visit, she expressed
strong apprehensions that the doctor had poisoned her and meditated
her destruction. She had slept little or none. and it was difficult to
keep her confined to her bed and room. In the hope that some benefit
might result by controlling the general circulation and diminishing
the nervous excitement, five drops of the tincture were given every
three hours, as long as it did not produce nausea, vomiting, or pros-
tration. On the following morning, on entering the room, he found
his patient lying quietly and calmly on the bed, with a total absence of
the sinister expression of the day before. She answered him slowly,
but in a whisper, put out her tongue, and let him feel her pulse with-
out resistence. Upon inquiry he found that soon after the adminis-
tration of the third dose of Veratrum on the previous evening, she
had become calm, had rested quietly, and had remained so.
fifty-six. She was cheerful and obedient, conversed rationally and
freely, and without allusion to her previously unhappy condition.
She recovered perfectly in a few days.
Pulse
Dr. Coe* states that a majority of the cases of mental aberration
arise from, and are dependent upon a morbidly increased activity of
the nervous structure of the abdomen." This," he says, would
seem to explain why Veratrin is of utility in the treatment of mania,
melancholy, and mental weakness." (Very doubtful.-H.) "In cases
of mental aberration, accompanied with torpor and debility of the
abdominal organs, Veratrum will be found serviceable." (Mere
theory.--H.)
Chest. Oppression of the chest; sensation as of a heavy load on
the chest; anxious oppression of the chest; constant, dull, burning
pain in the region of the heart, under the sternum; burning pain in
the region of the heart; oppression of the chest with nausea. The
respiration decreases from 30 and 40 to 16 and 12 (in pneumonia ;)
respirations 12 to 14 (in healthy persons under the influence of the
drug.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The symptoms of oppression enume-
rated above are due principally to the debility caused by the
drug; the oppression comes on just before the vomiting, and with
nausea. Dr. Burt's experiments with the Veratrum viride on cats
* Concentrated Organic Medicines, article “ Veratrin.”
1062
NEW REMEDIES.
seem to show that it causes intense engorgement ot the lungs. We
would refer the reader to his paper, published herewith. In Dr.
Burt's proving, made on himself, he makes no mention of any pains
which may be termed pneumonic, or pleuritic; the pain in the heart,
only, was noticed. It is a notable fact, however, that in the proving
of Tartar emetic, we have the same absence of acute thoracic pain;
yet the latter drug has a high reputation, even in the homoeopathic
school, in the treatment of pneumonia. It is well known by all prac-
tical physicians that severe cases of pneumonia may run their course
with little or no pain at any time being present. The Veratrum
viride has not been extensively used by homoeopathists in the treat-
ment of thoracic diseases. Satisfied with that time-honored remedy,
Aconite, they prefer to adhere to that drug. But many of my col-
leagues, both East and West, agree with me in considering the Verat-
rum viride as superior to Aconite, in pneumonia in particular. My
own experience with it has, so far, been satisfactory. In the incipient
stage of that affection, when simple engorgement only exists, I be-
lieve it has the power of arresting the disease, and in the later stages
it proves a valuable auxiliary to such remedies as Bryonia, Phos-
phorus, Tartar emetic, and Sanguinaria. I usually give the lowest
dilution, (ten or fifteen drops of the 1st dec.) every thirty or sixty
minutes to adults, and half the quantity to children. In a few cases
only have I been obliged to resort to the mother tincture. In one
case, that of a strong, robust man, five drops, were given every two
hours; after ten hours, profuse vomiting with sweating set in; the
previously intense fever subsided, and did not return, and a rapid
convalescence followed. It was given on the third day of the fever,
when there was bloody sputa, severe oppression and pain in the chest
(left side), and all the physical signs of the first stage of pneumonia.
I deem it my duty, in this place, to give some of the large amount of
allopathic testimony, for and against the use of this remedy; for, as
with their experience with Tartar emetic, we may gain valuable hints
from their observations.
Dr. Davidson* says: "I have followed no other particular treat-
ment for the last two years in pneumonia and pleurisy, than this
medicine, and I am happy to say I have never seen a case terminate
unfavorably under the treatment. I look upon the Veratrum as being
worth all the other medicines, combined, for pleurisy, pneumonia, and
all other diseases of an inflammatory character.
Dr. Wood, in his Therapeutics, does not give his personal
experience, but says: "The testimony in its favor is so strong, and
from so many sources, that it is impossible to refuse it credence.
Dr. A. F. Patton writes: " Pneumonia is the disease in which
Veratrum viride is particularly indicated. It seems to have more
controlling power in this than any other disease, reducing the inflam-
mation, and favoring the expectoration in a very few hours; in some in-
stances, vomiting is induced, which is generally of tough, viscid
mucus; the pulse now rapidly declines, if not affected before; the
* Nashville Journal of Medicine.
+ Tilden's Journal of Materia Medica, vol. I., p. 369.
VERATRUM VIRIDE.
1063
breathing becomes very easy, and the patient falls into an easy sleep,
with, perhaps, a gentle perspiration-the dose, Low, is to be managed
so as to sustain the depressed circulation. I find that, in pneumonia
it is better to reduce the pulse as soon as possible. The inflammation
being in a degree arrested, the lung is saved from the more severe
consequences of the second stage, or that of red hepatization, for the
concrete fibrinous exudation being caused by a peculiar inflammatory
action—thus, the cause being in part removed-this exudation is, in
a great degree, arrested, and the patient, in a majority of cases, enters
into a favorable convalescence.'
I have quoted the first authorities that came to hand, but I
have looked over the immense amount of material, which is to
be found scattered through the various periodicals, etc., and
the opinions expressed above coincide with a majority of physi-
cians who have written concerning the use of this medicine in pneu-
monia. There are, however, many of the most enlightened minds
in the allopathic profession, who sturdily and rationally oppose its
indiscriminate use. Among the most prominent of these, is Prof.
Charles A. Lee. His objection can also be aptly applied to the use of
Tartar emetic, an article so much abused by his school in the (mal)
treatment of pneumonia. That drug, and the Veratrum viride, act
in a similar manner. In poisonous or pathogenetic doses, both cause
engorgement and passive congestion of the lungs (primarily, and in-
flammation of those organs (secondarily). The allopath who uses
Veratrum viride for pneumonia, in the doses usually prescribed by
his school, brings about the very conditions which caused the disease,
namely, congestion. The homoeopath who administers this remedy in the
first stage of pneumonia, in minute doses, a drop of 1st or 2d dec.-gives
it upon the law of Similia, and arrests the disease, or notably modifies
it. In the second stage, when the inflammation is fairly established, it
should be given in alternation with Phosphorus, or Sanguinaria; but
the moment the pulse ceases to be the pulse of sthenic action,
that moment the Veratrum must be omitted. The same may be said
concerning the use of Aconite or Gelseminum; or if these remedies
are administered at all, in such conditions, only the highest potencies
should be selected. No greater error can be made, than to give
Aconite, Bryonia, Gelseminum, or Veratrum, in the low potencies,
because the pulse is quick. A quick pulse must have many other
qualities, to be the pulse of active inflammation, and to indicate
these medicines. In pleuritis, the Veratrum, will probably never
be a very useful remedy. Like Tartar emetic, it does not seem to
affect the serous tissues, as does Aconite or Bryonia.
Cardiac Symptoms.-Prickling pains in the region of the heart;
dull, aching pains in the region of the heart; constant, burning dis-
tress in the cardiac regiou; faintness after rising from the recumbent
position; syncope when walking, only relieved by lying down;-
(Burt.) The heart's pulsations reduced from sixty-eight to twenty-
four, (in health); and from one hundred and forty, to thirty-threc, in
1061
NEW REMEDIES.
fevers; beats of the heart low and feeble, scarcely perceptible, (pri-
mary symptoms;) palpitation of the heart; fluttering sensation in the
region of the heart; palpitation on taking the least exercise; strong
loud beating of the heart, with quick pulse; palpitation, with dysp-
noea, (secondary symptoms.)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It is generally believed that the Verat-
rum viride acts upon the heart, through the nervous system, paral-
ising the nerves of motion. It is supposed that Aconite and Verat-
rum album act in a similar manner. (Gelseminum, I believe to act
more directly upon the muscular structure of the heart). The Ver-
atrum viride is primarily indicated in cardiac oppression, with
passive congestion; cardiac debility, with fainting and collapse there-
from. In those heart affections, occurring during prostrating
diseases, after hemorrhages, etc., it may be used, but always in the
minutest doses. No remedy exercises a more depressing action on the
heart, than the Veratrum viride in large doses.
It is secondarily indicated in increased activity of the heart, after
previous depression. In carditis and pericarditis, it has been used
with alleged success by allopathic practitioners. In rheumatic affec-
tions of the heart, it is especially lauded, but may do as much injury
as bleeding, if used in large doses. Having a similar action to Acon-
ite, it will, perhaps, be found as useful as that medicine in heart
affections. It does not, however, cause that intense cardiac anxiety,
with fear of death, which Aconite does. It will be found palliative
in many organic diseases of the heart, but should be used with great
caution.
""
It is not a "cardiac tonic,” in material doses, as Digitalis is said
to be. It will alleviate, according to my experience, those palpita-
tions attended with faintness, or dyspnoea, which occur in many
diseased conditions of the heart, or attend the " change of life in
women. Some of the symptoms felt by Dr. Burt, resemble those
found in the pathogenesis of Spigelia. It may be a matter of doubt
whether the "burning sensation," experienced by Dr. Burt, was really
in the heart the esophagus may have been the seat of the sensation.
Dr. Scudder (eclectic) says that he has ascertained by actual
clinical experiment, that the Veratrum viride, in small doses, is as
much a "cardiac tonic " as Digitalis. This effect is due to its pri-
mary homœopathicity to a weak condition of the heart, which it
causes in pathogenetic doses.
Back. Very severe, and constant, aching pains in the back of
the neck and shoulders, so that it was almost impossible to hold the
head up.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-By some practitioners it is valued very
highly, as a remedy for lumbago, also for neuralgic pains in the back.
It may prove valuable for some forms of spinal irritation, and even
myelitis. We do not know what pathological changes it effects in the
spinal cord.
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
1065
Extremities.-Drawing pains in the right elbow, and calves of the
legs; cramp of the legs (Burt); the fingers and toes cramped as in
cholera; galvanic shocks in the limbs, frequently of such violence.
as to precipitate the patient out of bed (Coe); coldness, blueness, and
dampness of the hands, feet, and limbs, with cramps of the extremi-
ties; weakness and loss of power in the extremities; paralysis of the
the lower limbs; prickling, and partial loss of sensation in the ex-
tremities.
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
(Prickly Ash.)
ANALOGUES.-Ammonium carbonicum; Arum triphyllum; Arnica;
Aralia spinosa; Asarum; Camphor; Capsicum; Cochlearia armoracia;
Guiacum; Mezereum; Terebinth; Zingiber.
[CAMPHOR is the chief analogue of the tincture of the berries.]
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-A shrub, ten or twelve feet in height,
with alternate branches. which are armed with strong conical brown
prickles,with a broad base, scattered irregularly,though most frequently
in pairs at the insertion of the young branches. The leaves are alternate
and pinnate, the leaflets about five pairs, with an odd one, nearly sessile,
ovate, acute, with slight vesicular serratures, somewhat downy under-
neath. The common petiole is round, usually prickly on the
back, and sometimes unarmed. The flowers are in small, dense,
sessile umbeis, near the origin of the young branches; they are
small, greenish, dioecious, or polygamous, appear before the leaves,
and have a somewhat aromatic odor.
[The X. Carolinianum is the only other indigenous species. It is
found only in the Southern States, and is a large tree, sometimes
growing forty feet high, and having a diameter of ten or twelve inches.]
HISTORY.-The Xanthoylum fraxineum is the X. Americanum of
Miller; the X. ramiflorum of Michaux, and the X. tricarpum of
Hooker. It is known by the various names of Northern Prickly Ash,
toothache-bush, yellow wood, etc. It is found growing from Canada
to Virginia, and west to the Mississippi, in woods, thickets, and river
banks, flowering in April and May. The whole plant has medicinal
virtues; the fragrance of the fruit and leaves is due to a volatile oil,
which may be extracted by alcohol or ether. Both the bark and fruit
(berries) are officinal. The bark met with in the market is in frag-
70
1066
NEW REMEDIES.
ments of various sizes, quilled, a line or two in thickness, with a light
ash colored epidermis, which is frequently removed, internally,
whitish or glossy; that from the small branches frequently exhibits
the prickles. It is faintly odorous, friable with an amylaceous frac-
ture, and has a slightly aromatic taste, succeeded by bitterness and a
persistent acridity. Its powder is light gray. It yields its proper-
ties to boiling water or alcohol. The fruit or berries as met with in
the hops, consists of an open, bivalved, oval capsule, about three
lines in length and two in diameter, and covered with excavated dots,
externally; whitish-yellow and smooth internally, and usually with
a portion of the stalk appended; they enclose an oval, shining, black,
wrinkled seed, which in the dried state is hollow, and grayish-yellow,
or light brownish yellow internally, inodorous, very brittle, and having
the peculiar taste of the capsule in a very faint degree; this seed is
more often absent than present in the capsule, from whose opening it
escapes, and may be generally found separated from it, but mixed up
with the mass. The medicinal virtues of the fruit reside in the cap-
sule, which a faintly aromatic, peculiar odor, and a warm, pungent,
peculiar, aromatic and pleasant taste, both of which properties are
more energetic in the recent than in the dried root. They depend
on a volatile oil for their properties, which they yield to alcohol and
ether.
PHARMACOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It appears to be the opinion
that the effects of the bark and berries of the Prickly ash are not iden-
tical. "There is a material difference" says King, "in their influence
on the system, between the tincture of the bark, or that of the berries,
which should always be had in view." King asserts that a patient
with cholerine came very near losing his life in consequence of using
a tincture of the bark, instead of the berries as prescribed; the drug-
gist who filled the prescription supposed the properties of each were
were similar, and that they could be safely substituted the one for the
other. This should not surprise us, for there are many instances
known to physicians, in which one portion of a plant possesses pro-
perties differing widely from another portion. Hahnemann* refers to
this anomaly in a note to a paper entitled "Suggestions for ascertain-
ing the curative power of drugs," and mentions cases similar to the
one above quoted.
In view of the difference in action, which is perhaps both qualita-
tive as well as quantittaive-between the bark and the berries of this
plant, we should obtain provings of both. In this way only can we
ascertain in what this difference consists.
From the bark an etherial oil has been prepared. Four pounds of
bark yield one pound of oil.
An oil is prepared from the berries by means of alcohol or ether.
One pound yields about four fluid ounces of the oil. One fluid ounce of
this added to thirty-two of alcohol makes a tincture equal in strength
to one made by macerating two ounces of the berries in a pint of
alcohol.
* Lesser Writings, page 258.
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
1067
For homœopathic uses, however, I advise that a tincture be made
from the bark in the proportion of one ounce of the dry bark (or two
of the fresh) to nine of alcohol; and of the berries, in the same deci-
mal proportion. These should be designated as the mother tincture.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.—(1) Tincture of the bark: dilutions.
(2) Tincture of the berries: dilutions. (3) Oleum Xanthoxyli:
triturations. [This oil must be made from the berries.]
MEDICAL HISTORY.-Rafinesque seems to have been the first
physician who investigated its qualities. He says "This is a great
article in the Materia Medica of our Indians; it is called Hantola by
our Western tribes; they prefer the bark of the root, and use it in de-
coction for colics, gonorrhoea, syphilis, rheumatism, inward pains,
toothache, ulcers, etc. It is a great topical stimulant, changing the
nature of malignant ulcers.
Rafinesque seems to have had a correct idea of its general powers.
He says "the Xanthoxyline which was discovered by Dr. Staples, is
crystalizable, and resembles Piperine. This article appears to be
equivalent to Mezereum and Guaiacum, in properties. The acrimony
is not felt at first, but unfolds itself, gradually by a burning sensation
on the tongue and palate.” He estimates it very highly in chronic
rheumatism.
King does not add much to the above, except to narrate its use-
fulness in cholera. He decrees the bark to be "stimulant, tonic,
alterative and sialagogue." The berries he says are stimulant,
carminative, and anti-spasmodic, acting especially on mucous tissues."
Painet says of the Xanthoxylin : It is one of the most active
diffusible stimulants known to the profession, when administered in
doses of from one to two grains. In the healthy person it produces a
warm glow through the entire system, and a slight tickling (ting-
ling?) sensation of the nerves, as though gentle shocks of electricity
were passing through the body."
From all that I can learn of the effects of the bark and berries in
health and disease, I am inclined to consider the analogues above
named to have a close similarity in action to the former; while Cam-
phor seems very closely analogous to the latter portion of the plant.
The Xanthoxylum was first introduced into homoeopathic practice by
Dr. Charles Cullis, of Boston, who brought it to the notice of our
school in a "C
Report of the Committee on Materia Medica, of the
Massachusetts Medical Society," and contributed to the first edition
of this work.
Dr. Cullis presented six provings, three of which were made on
women.
I regret to record that with one exception, no physician has com-
municated to me any clinical cases illustrating the use of this power-
ful medicine, nor have any other provings been made.
I shall, therefore, republish Dr. Charles Cullis' provings and
clinical remarks, with additions of my own.
* Medical Botany, page 115.
↑ New School Medicines, p. 104.
1068
NEW REMEDIES.
PROVINGS REPORTED BY DR. CHARLES CULLIS.
[It is not stated whether the tincture of the berries or bark was
used, but it was probably made from the bark.]
FIRST PROVING.
Mr. S., aged twenty-nine, light hair, nervous temperament, July
9th, took at 10 P. M., four drops of Xanthoxylum tincture, Imme-
diately a smart peppery taste in mouth and fauces; slept hard all
night; on the morning of the 10th, took ten drops, followed by the
same smarting or prickly sensation in the mouth and throat, which
soon extended to the stomach, followed by an increased pulse and a
degree of heat all over the body. In five minutes a dull headache in
space not larger than half a dollar over the nose; in fifteen minutes,
sharp, shooting pains in right side (like pleurisy pains) occasionally
extending through to the shoulder blade; these pains increased in
severity, and lasted half an hour, during this time there was a con-
tinual desire to take a long breath; in one hour a dull pain in the
right ear, seeming to affect the jaw socket, the kind of pain which one
has when he dont know whether it is his tooth or ear that aches; this
pain lasted two hours and then gradually wore away.
Two days after, took twelve drops at 8 o'clock in the evening,
followed by dryness of both nostrils, constant desire to take a
long breath; flatulence; gaping; one half hour after, throbbing
headache over right eye with nausea; sharp pains in right side, of a
neuralgic character; severe pain in the right arm, commencing just
above the bend of the elbow"; severe pain in the wrist and extending
to the thumb; in three-quarters of an hour, ringing in ears, more
particularly in right ear: throbbing headache, pulse 100; slept hard
all night; awoke in the morning, languid and depressed; no appetite.
July 14th.-3 P. M., same prover took twenty drops; in five
minutes severe frontal headache, with dizziness; continual desire to
take long and deep respirations; terrible, nervous frightened feeling;
head feels full; pain over right eye; pain in right side; sharp,
shooting pain; decided catarrhal symptoms; watering of the eyes and
nose; tightness of the head, with pain increasing over the eyes; in
fifteen minutes increased desire for long respiration; flatulence;
pain in right arm; pain in right knee; drowsiness all the evening;
urine at night, and the next morning, scanty and high colored.
September 3d.-8 P. M., took twenty-five drops, almost immedi
ately experienced the same desiee for deep and long respirations; in
:
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
1069
five minutes, pulse 100; frontal headache; nausea; twenty minutes
after, pulse still at 100, but more feeble; one hour after, pulse 82,
feeble and irregular.
SECOND PROVING.
Mr. A., twenty-seven years of age, dark brown hair, fair complex-
ion, phlegmatic temperament.
July 9th.-Took three drops at bed-time; slept hard and heavy;
dreamed of flying about over tops of houses; in the morning, felt pain
in right leg; bowels constipated; took three drops, felt sleepy all the
morning; great depression; after dinner felt a bunch in the left side
of the throat when swallowing; after supper, discharge from bowels;
on going to bed the bunch in the throat shifted to right side.
July 10th.-At 6:30 A. M., took five drops; in fifteen minutes
discharge from bowels; also another after breakfast; sleepy feeling
all the morning with headache. At 6 P. M., another discharge from
bowels; flatulence; slight hacking cough.
July 11th.-Took twelve drops; strong, peppery sensation in
mouth and throat; five minutes after, had a darting pain under and
back of the right ear; right nostril seems filled up; sensation of
soreness in right side of throat; fifteen minutes after, had a darting
pain in the left temple, recurring again and again; drowsy
symptoms appear prominent; also, about the upper part of the
cranium an achy feeling accompanied by flashes of throb-like pain, as
if the top of the head were about being taken off; flatulency; slight
pain inside of right arm, just above the elbow; one hour after felt a
good deal of tightening about the chest, which continued with much
inclination to gape; at 10:30 P. M., or two hours after, some pain in
right side below ribs; continued gaping; head dull, and aching; a
flash of pain in right thumb, extending to hand; another in calf of
right leg; legs and feet feel tired.
July 12th. --Had a discharge from bowels before breakfast, and
one after; soreness of throat with expectoration of tough mucus.
THIRD PROVING.
Prover, light complexioned, sanguine-nervous temperament, active
habit, uniform health, aged thirty-three. Took two drops of tincture,
followed by these symptoms: Burning and dry feeling in the mouth
and tongue; diffused pain in the upper part of the forehead; worse
in the right side; pain extends to the base of the brain, with sore-
1070
NEW REMEDIES.
ness; shaking the head produces a feeling of looseness or quivering
of the brain, followed by dizziness; rumbling of the abdomen, with
soreness on pressure; discharge of mucus from the nose with con-
gested feeling, as if it were about to bleed; dull, heavy, grinding
pain in the left eye; feeling of fullness or pressure at the epigas-
trium; empty eructations, with slight taste of ingesta; slept soundly
without dreaming, but soon after waking at 7 o'clock, next morning,
had severe, griping, abdominal pains, with thin, brown, diarrhoeic
discharge, mixed with some mucus; anorexia, could eat but a few
mouthfuls at breakfast. and could only drink a half cup of coffee,
which was vomited soon afterward; griping pain continued at inter-
vals, with a general feeling of indifference and malaise; discharge
of dry and bloody scales of mucus from the nose; hoarseness, with
husky feeling in the throat; obliged to clear the throat frequently.
This hoarseness and obstruction of the throat continued some days
after the other symptoms had subsided.
PROVINGS BY WOMEN.
1st. Miss D-—, aged twenty-six, black hair, active habit, good
health. Took twelve drops of the tincture. In five minutes, felt
pressure in the head, with fullness of the veins. In ten minutes,
dull pain in the right knee. In fifteen minutes, pain in both elbows
and back of the head, also a bewildered sensation; pain in the lid of
the right eye. Half an hour after, sense of heat all over the veins,
with a desire to be bled; flash of heat from head to foot. One hour
after taking the medicine, pain in the ankle; flash of heat; pain in
the left heel; a feeling of enlargement of the throat; pain in right
side of the throat; dull pain in left elbow, passing to the palm of
the hand, then to the shoulder; pain in left side; heavy feeling in
the top of the head; pain in the left leg, between the hip and knee;
pain in the left elbow, and left side of the head; dull pain in the
left knee, also in the left elbow, extending to the hand, then in left
side and top of the left foot; a feeling of numbness through the
whole of the left side of the body, from head to foot, the division
made perceptible in the head, affecting half of the nose-this feeling
lasted two or three minutes; pain in the left knee. Two hours after,
pain in left knee, very severe; slight pain in left side, and under the
left shoulder blade, also the left hip; the pain in the left knee has
lasted without cessation, a little more than half an hour; pain in the
lower jaw and left side; the whole left arm and shoulder numb; pain
in both feet, shooting up to the knees.
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
1071
2d. Mrs. H., aged thirty. Took ten drops of the tincture at 9:20
P. M.; pulse 80. Soon after taking it, began to experience a feel-
ing of depression and weakness; weakness of the lower limbs, with
pain in the knees. At 8:30 P. M., pulse 74 soft; slight nausea, with
sense of oppression at the stomach; nausea increased, as did the
pains of the extremities, accompanied with frequent chills. Next
evening the same prover took twenty drops of the tincture; did not
experience the feeling of depression in so great degree as the night.
before; the weakness of the limbs and pain in the knees about the
same; some pain in the left side; menses appeared next morning,
being one week before the usual time; was attended with a good deal
of pain.
•
3d. Mrs. J., aged twenty-eight, light complexion, sanguine tem-
perament, good health. Took twenty drops of the tincture at 8
o'clock, P. M. In 'about twenty minutes, noticed a tightening of the
scalp, and heavy pains in the temples, with a twitching in the left
knee and trembling in the right. On the following day, took at 11
o'clock a. m,, twenty drops; felt the same feelings in the head; did
not notice the lower limbs. 2 o'clock P. M., took twenty-two drops;
felt the same headache, or severe pain and tightening. 3 o'clock r. m.,
took twenty-five drops; increase of head difficulties, with a great
heat and a quiet flowing (menstrual), being two days in advance of
proper time. 8 o'clock P. M., took twenty drops; some headache; all
the system quiet, with an unnatural forcing of nature; went to sleep
as usual, and awoke in dreadful distress and pain, baffling description;
profuse flowing; the pain, or agony, continued until noon of next day,
when it gradually subsided.
RESUME.
Nervous System.-Prickling sensation in the nerves; gentle
shocks, like electricity, pouring through the body.-(Paine.) Feel-
ing of numbness through whole left side of the body, from head to
foot. It appears to irritate and stimulate the nerves of sensation, as
witness the prickling and tingling sensation, felt not only in the
mouth, but all through the body, after its administration. On the
nerves of motion it probably acts in the same manner-namely, irri-
tating and exciting by its primary action, and benumbing or rendering
torpid by its secondary effects.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-While it would be indicated by its
primary action in neuralgia, and other painful affections of the nerves
of sensation, and in spasms and abnormal action of the nerves of
1072
NEW REMEDIES.
motion, it would be secondarily indicated in paralysis or torpor of
both.
Dr. Paine records that he has used it very successfully in many
cases of paralysis. He also cured one case of hemiplegia, by the
use of small doses of Strychnine and Xanthoxylin, in the proportion
of one grain of the latter to one-sixteenth of a grain of the former,
four times a day. The patient had previously taken Strychnine.
without any effect, but by adding this remedy, it soon manifested its
power.
Muscular System.-This it primarily stimulates, through its ex-
citing action on the nerves.
Mucous Membranes.-On these it acts directly, by its topical
effects, and also through the nervous system. The berries seem to
have a peculiar affinity for this membrane. (See dysentery, etc.)
Glandular System.-This it excites by its irritant action, in the
same manner as its analogues above mentioned. It may be found
useful when the glands of excretion are irritated and pour out undue
quantities of their peculiar secretion; or when glands become torpid,
and fail to do their duty. To both these opposite states this medicine
is homoeopathic.
Head.-Headache over both eyes; throbbing headache; pressure
over the nose; grinding pain in head with nausea; head feels heavy,
particularly the right side; pressure in the forehead; pressure and
pain over the eyes; severe pain in the top of the head; pain directly
over the root of the nose; feeling of fullness in the head; head seems
as if divided; the division seeming to extend to the nose; pain in
the top of the head, as if the top would come off.
Sleep. Hard; unrefreshed in the morning; drowsiness; sleeps
heavy, and dreams of flying about over tops of houses; annoying
dreams; awoke with severe dysmenorrhoeal pains; continued gaping.
Skin.-Skin feels hot and sore; prickling in the skin; perspira-
tion profuse.
Fever.-Fever, followed by great depression; flashes of heat from
head to foot; nausea, followed by chills; pulse quick; face flushed
and hot; a feeling of warmth all over, with accelerated pulse and
moist skin.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS-No allopathic or eclectic authority
except Prof. Paine, mentions the use of this medicine in fevers.
Paine says he has used the Xanthoxylin in the low stage of typhus
and typhoid fevers, especially when there was periodicity.
He says
it stimulates the torpid functions to activity and enables absorption
and assimilation to be carried on. He does not, evidently, suppose
the drug has any direct curative action.
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
1073
This may or may not be the case. I am inclined to the opinion
however, that had we a full pathogenesis, we should find this drug
homœopathic to some forms of nervous and typhoid fevers, and per-
haps in the latter stages of some of the febrile exanthemata.
In exanthematous fevers," says Paine, especially diphtheria
and malignant scarlatina, I have used the Xanthoxylin, combined
with Macrotin, to produce a reaction, and transfer the disease to the
cutaneous surface, with most happy effect."
Had the combination not been made, this observation would have
been of considerable value. However, from what we know of Xan-
thoxylum, we may believe it to exert the same beneficial influence in
these diseases, as does sometimes the Ammonium carbonicum, of which
it is a close analogue.
In typhoid fever, the tincture of the berries would be indicated in
about the same conditions as Ammonium carb., or Terebinthina. It is
recommended by King in "tympanitic distention of the bowels
during peritoneal inflammation, used internally and as an injection."
Turpentine is indicated, and is a specific remedy in the same condition,
but the pathological state curable by Xanthoxylum is not as formid-
able as that amenable to turpentine, The former will probably not
cure the intestinal ulceration which attends the tympanitis of typhus,
although it might alleviate the distention by restoring the contrac-
tility of the paralyzed muscular coats of the intestines.
Moral Symptoms.-Great despondency; irritability; anguish
about the chest; fearfulness; terrible, nervous, frightened feeling.
Sensorium.-Heaviness of the head; head feels full; vertigo;
bewildered feeling; insensibility.
Eyes.-Lachrymation; pain in the lid of the right eye; dull,
heavy pain in the left eye.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.~Dr. Cullis, of Boston, says he has used
it successfully in ophthalmia, (what variety?); both internally and
topically.
Ears.-Dull pain in the left ear; ringing in the right ear.
Nose.-Pressure in the nose; fluent coryza; discharge of bloody
scales of mucus from the nose, particularly from the right nostril.
Jaw.-Pain in the right jaw socket; dull pain in the left side of
the lower jaw.
Mouth.-Ptyalism; tongue coated yellow; foul taste in the
mouth; tongue and mouth feel hot.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS -Eclectic physicians assert that this
medicine has been used successfully for the cure of paralysis of the
tongue. It is capable of causing profuse salivation, and may prove
homœopathic to some forms of ptyalism-perhaps that of pregnancy,
and also the mercurial.
* New School Medicines, p. 104
1074
NEW REMEDIES.
Throat. Throbbing in the throat; right side of the throat feels
sore; sensation of swelling; hoarseness; soreness of throat, with ex-
pectoration of tough mucus. A “bunch" in left side of throat when
swallowing.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has been found curative in paralytic
conditions of the throat, but the particular symptoms are not men-
tioned. Dr. Hollembaek says it is "invaluable for restoring the loss
of voice induced by cold or general debility" In this affection it pro-
bably acts similarly to the carbonate of ammonia.
Stomach.-Fluttering in the stomach; a feeling of heaviness in
the stomach; eructations with nausea.
Abdomen.-Colic pain in right iliac region; fullness and pres-
sure at the epigastrium; griping in the bowels; rumbling, with
soreness on pressure.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-One of the most important of all the
effects of Xanthoxylum is, doubtless, its action on the mucous and
muscular tissues of the intestines.
The tincture of the berries appears to be the most useful prepar
ation in the treatment of intestinal disorders, Eclectic authorities
are unanimous in asserting its usefulness in spasms of the bowels,
flatulency, diarrhea and tympanitic distention during enteritis.
The few symptoms above given, seem to point towards such an
action. If heroic provings were instituted, it would doubtless be
found that this drug would cause those abnormal conditions which it
is said to cure.
The most important clinical fact relative to the use of this medi
cine is its efficacy in cholera. Sufficient testimony is recorded to
warrant us in admitting its usefulness in that terrible disease.
In Asiatic cholera" says King, "it was extensively used by many
of the physicians in Cincinnati, and with great success; it acted like
electricity, so sudden was its influence over the system; indeed,
many patients likened its action to an electric shock, which seemed
to diffuse itself through the whole frame. We gave it (the tincture
of the berries) in teaspoonful doses, slightly diluted, and repeated
according to circumstances, every five, ten or fifteen minutes, with an
injection, (of fluid ounce tincture: laudanum, 20 drops,) which was
given immediately after each discharge from the bowels, and retained
by the patient as long as possible."
This would be good testimony in favor of the real efficacy of the
Xanthoxylum, if it had not been absurdly combined, in the injec-
tion, with laudanum. The eclectics cannot rid themselves of the
allopathic notion of combination. In the allopathic treatment of
cholera, laudanum is always mixed with Camphor, although the two
are antidotes, and notwithstanding the fact, so notorious now, that
the use of Opium in any form increases the mortality of cholera
patients.
XANTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM.
1075
Perhaps, in consideration of this fact, we ought to credit the Xan-
thoxylum with powerful curative effects, inasmuch as it acted favora-
bly, notwithstanding its union with a drug so useless and injurious
as laudanum. It is my conviction that the Xanthoxylum acts in
cholera, in a manner quite similar to Camphor and Veratrum album.
It seems to possess some of the properties of both, and many of its
symptoms resemble those of each drug, as witness the "tingling and
electric-like shocks, which resemble those of Veratrum album, and the
peculiar nervous stimulation resembling that of Camphor.
Dr. Morrow (eclectic) used the medicine alone, with very good
success, in cholerine cases in Cincinnati, in 1849.
In the treatment of dysentery, it is valued very highly by eclec-
tics, who use it internally and by enema, after the acute inflammatory
stage has subsided; also for the tympanitis which sometimes occurs.
Drs. Hale and Smart, (homoeopathists), of Hudson, Mich., made use
of it in a severe epidemic of dysentery, which devastated that sec-
tion in 1866. After Aconite and Mercurius corrosivus had controlled
the first stage, there occurred a condition which no remedy seemed
to relieve. The symptoms were, intense spasmodic tenesmus, intes-
tinal spasms, tympanitis, failure of strength, nervous prostration,
jactitation, numbness, and sometimes symptoms indicating collapse of
the vital forces. For these symptoms the Xanthoxylum was pre-
scribed. The tincture of the berries was given in two, three, or five
drop doses, every hour or two, sometimes cftener, and a weak infusion
of the berries, (one dram to one quart of water,) used as an enema;
a few fluid ounces thrown up the rectum after each discharge from
the bowels. This treatment was very successful, and succeeded in
relieving cases which could not be relieved by any other.
2
Stool.-Inodorous discharges, with tenesmus; thin, brown dis-
charges, with mucus.
Urine.-Profuse and light-colored.
Generative Organs of Women.-Appearance of the menses too
soon. Profuse menses, with violent pains. Leucorrhea.
$
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Cullis, of Boston, says of its uses
in diseases of these organs:
"Clinically, I have used this remedy in dysmenorrhea and
amenorrhœa, with marked success. One or two cases will serve for
an illustration:
Miss A., aged twenty-five; brunette; has suffered from men.
strual irregularities since their first appearance; the catamenia ap-
pearing in three, four or five months, and at that time her sufferings
were excruciating. Her general health, otherwise, was good. At
the time of consulting me, she had not had her catamenia for two
months. I gave her Xanthoxylum, 1st dilution, five drops three
times a day. In three days her menses appeared, and much to her
joy, with little pain.
"Miss B., light complexioned, nervous temperament, aged twenty-
five, consulted me for suppression of the menses, received by getting
1076
NEW REMEDIES.
the feet wet, she being then about one week past her time.
her Xanthoxylum, 1st decimal, five drops every three hours.
menses appeared the next day.
I gave
Her
"Mrs. C., aged thirty-two, mother of ten children, a large, fleshy
woman, had not menstruated for five months, and previous to that
time had not for three or four months. Gave Xanthoxylum 1st, to be
taken three times a day. Menses appeared in four days.
In dysmenorrhæa, I have used this drug with very satisfactory
results. I will quote one marked case :
'Mrs. D., aged twenty-six, spare habit, scrofulous diathesis; had
sufferred for years from dysmenorrhoea. Her sufferings were so
great, that she would be confined to her bed for two or three days.
She had tried all sorts of treatment, but without any relief. She
came under my care saying the only way she could live through her
menstrual period was to drink whisky, or gin, until she was intoxi-
cated. For several months I treated her with the usual remedies,
but without any beneficial result. I then gave her Xanthoxylum 3rd
decimal; this completely cured her. She was extravagant in her
praises of this remedy. It has never failed to relieve her."
"I think Xanthoxylum more especially indicated in females of spare
habit, nervous temperament, and delicate organization.
In some
cases of plethoric habit it has failed me. In leucorrhea with amen-
orrhoea, it has proved very successful. In after-pains in obstetric
practice, I have found it of inestimable value; also in profuse flowing
and threatened abortion."
Chest.-Oppression of the chest, with a desire to take deep inspi-
rations; shortness of breath; tightness of the chest; difficulty to
inflate the chest; pain in the left side, under the fourth rib.
Arms.—Pain in the right shoulder and arm; pain inside the arm,
just above the elbow; pain in the right elbow; pain and pricking
feeling in the right arm, extending to the third finger; pain in
the little finger of the right hand; numbness of the left arm;
pricking and throbbing sensation in the left arm and fingers.
Legs.-Excessive weakness of the lower limbs; pain in the calf
of right leg; pain in the left leg, between hip and knee; pain in the
top of the left foot; pain in the third toe of the left foot.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-The symptoms brought on by its use,
would seem to substantiate its alleged usefulness in some forms of
rheumatism, (chronic), or rheumatalgia, and even in certain varieties.
of neuralgia. Some of the symptoms present a faint picture of par-
alytic conditions, in which it has been used with alleged success.
ZIZIA AUREA.
(Golden Alexander.)
ANALOGUES.—Ethusa, Agaricus, Belladonna, Conium, Cicuta,
Cimicifuga,Gymnocladus, Hyosciamus, Ignatia, Lachnanthes, Opium,
Phellandrium aquaticum, Stramonium.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-Stem smooth, erect, glaucous, one to
two feet high; leaves, bi or tri-ternate; leaflets entire, ovate, oblong,
one inch or more in length, petiolate; rays of the umbels very slen-
der, two to three inches long, about thirteen in number, with minute
involucels or none; seeds terate or five-angled.
HISTORY.-This is an indigenous plant, growing in rocky woods,
etc., from New York and Michigan to Georgia; flowering in May and
June. It is the Zizia integerrima of DeCandolle, Wood, etc., and
the Smyrnium aureum of some botanists, and is also known
as Musk-quash root, Water-hemlock, etc. But it must not
be mistaken for the Phellandrium' œnanthe, or the Conium
virosa, which have also received the name of Water-hemlock. The
Zizia aurea may readily be distinguished from all other plants to
which the appellation has been applied, by its orange-yellow flowers,
ternate radical leaves, the external brown, and internal yellow color
of the root, and its warm aromatic taste. The fresh root has a some-
what strong, unpleasant, and nauseating odor, not unlike that of
Conium. It has an aromatic, pungent taste, and is disagreeable and
loathsome to the stomach.
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture; dilutions; tincture-tritu-
rations.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-I cannot find that this plant has been used
by any allopathic or eclectic physician, nor is it even mentioned in
any of the works of the opposite school.
It was introduced into the homoeopathic school by Dr. E. E.
Marcy, who published, in 1855,* a pathogenesis and some clinical
observations. Since the publication of this pathogenesis, no clinical
reports concerning its use have appeared in our periodicals.
TOXICAL EFFECTS.
Judge Gray, of Chatauque, N. Y., states that a gentleman of his
acquaintance chewed a piece of the Zizia root for the purpose of test-
ing its properties, and was immediately seized with nausea, vomiting,
spasms, general convulsions, and fainting fits, which terminated in
death at the expiration of three hours. The Judge relates another
instance in which a young lady of his acquaintance, ate a large root
North American Journal of Homœopathy vol. IV, page 52.
1078
NEW REMEDIES.
of the Zizia, supposing it to be sweet Cicely-root. Soon afterwards
she was seized with violent vomiting, spasms, swooning, and convul
sions. The speedy discharge of the poison by vomiting, enabled her
to resist the toxical influence, and regain her usual health in a few
days.
The following effects were observed in an ox, after having eaten
the top of the plant early in the spring: vomiting and staggering
about, as if intoxicated. The animal continued sick, reeling and
staggering about for three days, and then recovered.
PATHOGENETIC EFFECTS.
If a small piece of the root be chewed, or a few drops of the tinc-
ture be applied to the tongue, it produces a sense of faintness and
exhaustion. On one occasion, after filtering some of the tincture,
the eye-lids became somewhat inflamed, accompanied by smarting,
itching, and prickling pains-the right eye being affected more than
the left. On bathing the face with a lotion, made by adding a few
drops of the tincture to a pint of water, a creeping, smarting and
itching sensation was felt in the cheeks and lips.
The odor of the root has been known to produce such an effect
upon the system as to confine the subjects of its influence to bed for
days. In these instances, nausea, faintness and lassitude were the
symptoms produced.
During the treatment of a case of epilepsy, the patient on
several occasions, took more than the prescribed dose, and in
each instance he observed the following results: unusual exhilara-
tion of spirits; lightness and pain in the head; sensation of tightness
around the forehead, and at the back of the head; increased physical
strength, with inclination for muscular exertion. It is proper to re-
mark, that while under the influence of the drop doses, there was a
marked improvement in the spirits of the patient, which had been
habitually depressed.-(Marcy.)
The provings which have hitherto been made with Zizia are quite
limited. The writer* has made use of the 3d dilution exclusively,
taking five drops at a dose, and repeating every four hours until
some effects were produced. Three other gentlemen and one lady
have likewise taken the drug for the purpose of ascertaining its path-
ogenetic effects. These proving have been made with the 3d dilu-
tion, with one exception (Dr. O. Fullgraff,) who used the 1st dilution
and tincture.
* Dr. E. E. Marcy?
ZIZIA AUREA.
1079
RESUME.
Nervous System.This poisonous plant seems to have a direct
affinity for the spinal cord and brain, causing irritations and conges-
tions, which manifest themselves in spasms, delirium, etc.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Marcy has cured with Zizia, one
case of epilepsy of more than ten years' duration, the fits
occurring upon the average as often as once in eight or
ten days, by the third decimal dilution of the Zizia. Drop doses
were prescribed morning and evening, every alternate week for two
months, since which period (nearly three months) all unpleasant
symptoms have disappeared, and there has not been the slightest in-
dication of a convulson.
Another case of epilepsy, in a lad of seven years of age, has ap-
parently been cured by this remedy. In this instance, the boy had
been afflicted with convulsions, at intervals of from one to three weeks,
for five years.
Six weeks have now elapsed without a recurrence of
the malady-a much longer interval than has ever before occurred.
Dr. Marcy states that he has cured, with the Zizia, "many cases
of tic-doloreaux, three cases of neuralgia of the head, two of them
semi-lateral and the other one affecting the forehead and vertex; and
one case of intermittent neuralgia of the left ovarium."
General Symptoms.-Pains, increased by movement, noise, light
or contact; spasmodic movements of the muscles of the face and ex-
tremities; affections of the brain and nervous system; uterine affec-
tions characterised by increased vascular and nervous excitement;
catarrhal, asthmatic and pleuritic maladies; convulsions, epilepsy.
Skin.—Surface of the whole body paler than natural; face and
ankles oedematous; itching pimples upon the forehead, wrists and
legs; sensitiveness of the entire surface of the body to the touch;
redness of one cheek and paleness of the other; white and puffy ap-
pearance of the whole body.
Sleep.-Drowsiness, with a sense of lassitude and fatigue; exhil
aration of all the faculties, followed by strong desire to sleep; sleep
disturbed by unpleasant dreams; spasmodic twitching during sleep;
talking during sleep; sleep is sound until the sixth night, when it is
prevented by pains.
Fever.-Feverish symptoms, accompanying severe stitching pains
in the chest; fever, with headache, pain in back, thirst; dryness of the
mouth; yellow fur upon the tongue, and oppressed respiration; chil-
liness and heat alternating with faintness, nausea, pain in the right
temple; redness of the eyeballs, dry and red tongue, and thirst, for
cold water; hot flushes in the face and head, followed by perspira-
1080
NEW REMEDIES.
tion; chilliness, accompanied with spasmodic twitchings of the
muscles of the face and upper extremities, followed by fever; flushed
cheeks, hot head, visible pulsations of the carotid and temporal arter-
ies; coldness of the hands and feet; drowsiness and irritability.
Mind. Depression of spirits, with disgust of life; depression
of spirits, followed by great exhilaration, and desire for conversation
dreamy, imaginative mood; exhilaration like intoxication, (from the
first dilution;) irritability, with lowness of spirits, and indifference to
everything; laughing and weeping moods in alternation; sense of
exhilaration, lasting twelve hours, and then succeeded by great
depression, which lasted for several days; sometimes indolence with
contentment; the behavior throughout is quiet, with much apparent
suffering and sadness.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-Dr. Marcy reports the cure of an
obstinate case of hypochondria, accompanied by disgust of life, almost
constant desire to commit suicide; sleeplessness, hysteria, spasmodic
twitchings, etc.
Head.-Sensation of tightness around the head'; giddiness; acute
aching pain in the whole left side of the head, increased by light or
noise; shooting pains through the orbits; rush of blood to the head
and face, with feeling of fullness; pressure upon the top of the brain;
dull pains in the occipital region, extending down the muscles of the
neck; severe pain in the right temple with nausea; swimming in the
head; drowsiness; headache sharp, over the right eye; on the sev
enth day, the headache is grievous, with nausea, inclination to bil-
ious vomiting, need to lie still in a darkened and quiet room; light,
noise and jar aggravate; pain permanent on the right side, instead of
shifting; when at its worst, the pain descends behind the right ear
into the neck; it leaves the lips parched as from fever; it is conso-
ciated with severe backache, between or at the borders of the shoul-
der blades.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has cured many cases of neuralgia
of the head, (see nervous system,) also "two cases of ordinary sick
headache with acid and bilious vomiting.
Eyes.-Redness of both eyes; eyes sensitive to light; sharp
pains in the right orbit, increased by moving the balls, by stooping or
stepping; shooting pains through both orbits; eyes watery; smarting
of the lids; eyelids adhere together on rising in the morning, in con-
sequence of a yellowish, muco-purulent secretion; stye upon the right
lid; the right eye is more particularly affected, but both are very
weak and painful, if they are used at night.
ZIZIA AUREA.
1081
Nose.-Irritation of the schneiderian membrane, with discharge of
mucus and sneezing; obstruction and soreness of the right nostril,
which is painful to the touch; burning and smarting sensation in the
nostrils and eyes; consociated with this soreness of the nostrils, was
observed a diffused injection of the mucus membrane, covering the
arches of the pharynx, with the ordinary sensations of catarrhal sore
throat.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has cured "cold in the head, with
sneezing and watery discharge; also chronic catarrh, with yellow and
fœtid discharge.
Face.-Face pale and puffy; redness and head of the cheeks,
following the use of a single drop of the third dilutoin; sense of heat
and fullness in both cheeks; dull pains in the jaws; boring pains in
the cheek bones.
Appetite and Taste.-Loss of appetite; bitter taste; craving
for acids and stimulants; thirst; tongue covered with a whitish fur
in the middle, and reddened at the tip and sides; unusual sensitive.
ness to cold or warm drinks; after the sick headache on the seventh
day, there was a bitter, bilious taste in the mouth.
Gastric Symptoms.-Nausea : acid and bilious vomiting; stom-
ach sensitive to the touch; pressure occasioning nausea and faintness.
Pharynx and Esophagus.-Inflammation of the mucous mem-
brane of the pharynx; slight redness of the tonsils and palate, with
soreness of the throat; increased secretion of mucus in the throat.
Larynx and Trachea.-Roughness in the upper portion of the
larynx when inspiring or coughing; sensitiveness of the trachea to
the touch; tight cough caused by taking a deep inspiration; tight
cough, excited by dryness of the larynx; raw and smarting sensation
in the larynx, from coughing; the cough is hard, dry and short, with
stitching pain on the right side, from the region beneath the sixth rib
down as far as two inches below the xiphoid cartilage.
Urinary Organs.-
Male Genital Organs.-Excitement of the male genital organs;
sexual power enhanced; in one instance where great lassitude and
prostration had long been habitual after connection, the drug appeared
to effect an entire change for the better; involuntary emission for two
nights in succession, while taking the drug.
Female Sexual Organs.-Acrid leucorrhoea; bland and profuse
leucorrhoea; sudden suppression of the menses; profuse menstrual
discharge for one day, followed by an acrid leucorrhoea. Leucorrhoea
71
1082
NEW REMEDIES.
*
commences on the second day and continues, slight as to quantity,
and at first acrid; afterward more bland and copious.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.—It has cured “leucorrhea, with retarded
and suppressed menses."
Chest. Dry cough, with shooting pains in the chest; pleuritic
stitches iu the right side, much increased by coughing, or taking or
attempting to take a long breath; bruised feeling in the muscles of
the chest; pressure excites pain in the intercostal muscles; sharp
pains extending from the sides of the chest to both shoulder-blades;
respirations accelerated and oppressed; asthmatic respiration; with
inability to retain the recumbent position; short, dry cough, attended
with severe stitching pains in the right side, and a sense of suffoca-
tion.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS.-It has cured tight coughs, accompanied
with stitches in the chest; worse in the evening and during the night.
Back.-Dull, aching pains under the right scapula; severe shoot-
pain extending from the front part of the thorax to the scapula;
smarting, burning pain in the smali of the back; dull pains in the
loins, increased by movement.
Upper Extremities.-Lameness in the muscles of both arms, from
the shoulders to the elbows; prickling sensation in the right arm,
with slightly diminished sensibility of the part.
Lower Extremities.-Dragging sensation in both hips; unusually
tired feeling of the legs after the slightest muscular exertion; great
desire to move about, with apparent increase of strength, but slight
exercise causes fatigue.
APPENDIX.
ARUM TRIPHYLLUM.
An interesting article on this drug, communicated by Dr. Lippe,
may be found in No. 1, volume II, page 23, of the Hahnemannian
Monthly. In this paper, the differential diagnosis between this med-
icine and Ammonium muriaticum, Castoreum, Kali hydriodicum,
Mezereum, Nitric acid and Silicea, are carefully elaborated. Dr.
Lippe, however, does not give its analogy to Phytolacca, which is
quite important. Some new symptoms are mentioned, which have
not yet been fully confirmed by a re-proving or clinical experience.
CHIMAPHILA.
Since the publication of the revised article on this medicine, in
this edition, I happened upon a statement by Dr. Paine, (eclectic,)
to the effect that the Chimaphila in large doses, will cause atrophy of
the mamma.
This statement I communicated to the Medical
Investigator," with some remarks concerning its action on the glan-
dular system.
This paper came under the notice of Dr. Hull of
Wisconsin, and Dr. P. H. Hale of Michigan, who tested its effects in
tumors of the mamma, and reported to me, that in every case treated
with the Chimaphila, atrophy of the breasts occurred.
Dr. P. H. Hale, of Hudson, Michigan, has communicated to me
the history of a case of scirrhous tumor, of the right breast, in a
woman twenty-six years old. The tumor had existed nearly eighteen
months it was about an inch in diameter, hard but movable, the
nipple drawn in; a good deal of sharp pain in the tumor and in the
:
1084
NEW REMEDIES.
axillæ. The patient was in a cachectic condition; menses always
scanty; is married, but has no children. She was troubled with a
very disagreeable itching on the body, but no eruption. The
mammary glands were large, healthy-looking, and of natural firmness.
Chimaphila was prescribed in doses of forty drops of the strong tinc-
ture three times a day. The medicine was continued three months,
at the end of which time the condition of the patient was as follows:
General health not much improved. The tumor had disappeared;
both breasts had decreased in size nearly two-thirds, and were soft
and pendulous.
*
*
*
*
*
*
These cases, together with my remarks thereon, were published in
the New England Medical Gazette, vol. ii., No. 1, (and will be re-
printed in American Homœopathic Observer for March, 1867,) to which
the physician is referred.
DIOSCOREA.
In the New England Medical Gazette, vol. i., page 209, may be
found an article from my pen, entitled "A case illustrating the action
of Dioscorca," which was a re-verification of Dr. Burt's proving, which
was looked upon with some doubt when it first appeared. The case
was as follows: A pregnant woman had these symptoms: just be-
fore and during each fæcal evacuation, a severe pain in the sacral
region and bowels, of a writhing, drawing character; this pain
appeared to radiate upward and downward, until the whole body
and extremities became involved; the fingers, hands, feet, and
toes feeling as if they were about to be cramped, from the severe,
darting, drawing pains in them. These symptoms were always
accompanied with great anxiety, faintness and palpitation of the
heart."
•
These symptoms were cured with Dioscorin, 1st decimal tritura-
tion.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
The following provings of Hydrastis were made by students of the
Philadelphia Homœopathic College; during the session of 1866 and
'67, under the special direction of Prof. Lippe.
The tincture of Hydrastis was procured from the Pharmacy of A.
J. Tafel, and its preparation or potentiation was made before the class
by Dr. Lippe, on the centisimal scale, using a new vial for each of
the potencies up to the thirtieth; twenty-five hard shakes being given
to each potency.
These provings were the result of a mutual understanding be-
tween the teachers of Materia Medica at Chicago and Philadelphia.
The provings by the students of Hahnemann College could not be
finished and prepared for publication in time to be incorporated
herewith. Although this is much to be regretted, the fact that other
new provings are added to this edition, make it a matter of less
moment.
Much credit is due to the gentlemen who have made such careful
and pains-taking experiments as those which they have given to the
profession. It was impossible under the circumstances, to add the
symptoms recorded in these provings, to the Résumé or Symptom-
ology.
One of these provings will be found on page 554 of this work.
[At the end of these provings will be found a notable and bril-
liant cure of an obstinate "gastralgia" so called, by the use of the
Hydrastis.]—HALE.
PROVING BY AUG.
KORNDOEFER
November 7th, 1866.- New moon. Took one dose of the thirti-
eth potency of new American tincture, prepared by Dr. Lippe, before
the class.
Nov. 8th, 83 A. M.-Slight headache, first on the right side, mainly
in the temporal region, then passing to the left temporal region, leav-
ing the left, returning to the right, lasting a few moments, and then.
leaving altogether. After the pain, a sensation of fullness on the
1086
NEW REMEDIES.
forepart of the head; pressing the temples removes the sensation
momentarily. The headache lasted only a few moments, the full
feeling afterwards, perhaps ten minutes. 11 a. M., sneezing in the
sun caused flickering before the eyes. (I have been troubled with
this flickering for many years, when exerting myself or standing long
in the sun.)
November 9th.-During the night, sleep was disturbed by
dreams, troublesome, worrying dreams, travelling about, always in
motion. Sleep was refreshing withal. 9 A. M., sharp pain behind
the right ear for one moment, (in mastoid process of temporal bone),
passing down to the right shoulder, back of the clavicle, about mid-
way between arm and neck; the entire symptom lasted only a few
moments; the pain, however, was very severe. 11 A, M., sneezing
caused a fullness of the head, between temples and forehead. (I sel-
dom ever sneeze when I have a cold, and I can scarcely attribute
this to anything but the medicine.) 12 P. M., dull ache from right
temporal region down to last molar tooth (upper), lasting only a couple
of minutes. 4 P. M., Thirst. Feverish, with moist mouth and
tongue. Roof of the mouth about a short distance back of the in-
cisors, sore and smooth, as if burned. 7 P. M., sneezing caused full-
ness of the head between temples and forehead. 9 P. M., sharp pain
in the last molar tooth (lower), passing up to the head on left side,
and spreading to the right; this toothache was a sharp, penetrating
pain, like that from an exposed nerve, lasting about fifteen minutes.
Nov. 10th.-Feel refreshed from sleep, dreamed a great deal,
dreams generally that of motion of travelling. 9 A. M., sneezing,
causing sharp pain in right breast, between the third and fourth ribs,
to the right arm, down the arm and forearm, half way to the wrist.
Head feels full. Fullness across bridge of nose, and at the root of
nose. Coryza, watery, not very profuse, mostly from right nostril.
10 A. M., sneezing, jarring the whole chest, causing sore feeling,
particularly on the right side above the nipple. 3 P. M., watery cor-
yza, burning sensation in the lachrymal duct, or back part of the
roof of the mouth, all on the right side. 4 P. M., sorc feeling
through the chest. 5 r. M., expectoration of slimy mucus. 5
P. M., pain in left foot, extending from the metatarsus to the knee,
very painful. 6 P. M., symptom of 3 P. M, together with a dull pain
in the head. Fullness at the root of the nose. Dull pain at the
roots of teeth in upper maxilla. 104 P. M., continued flow of watery
coryza. Nose feels, however, as if a plug were in it, under the
2
1
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1087
nasal bones. There is a feeling as if something burst, suddenly fol
lowed by a copious discharge of watery coryza, the burning sensation
in nose disappears in warm room, as also the coryza, both being much
aggravated in open air. The burning in exhalation is almost insup-
portable, while inhalation ameliorates. Pain, as if tired, in all my
limbs.
3
Nov. 11th.-Dreamed during the night. Sleep uneasy. Awoke
early. Sore throat. Right nostril stopped up. Tickling sensation
on roof of mouth, right side, back part; sneezing, soreness of chest,
mainly the superficial muscles; watery coryza. These symptoms
were between 7 a. M., and 9 a. M. 11½ a. M., sharp, shifting pain,
A.
first in right arm above the elbow, then in right side of thorax, above
and to the right of the nipple about one inch, then down to the right
thigh. 11 A. M., sharp. shifting pain in left leg, from the middle of
the thigh down to middle of lower leg. Continued pain and rawness
in chest; the pain appears deeper than it did early this morning. 6
P. M., pain and rawness of chest, with headache all the afternoon,
still continue, together with pain across the small of the back and in
the knces; tired, painful feeling over the whole body. Watery cor-
yza from right nostril. A little blood and dry coryza from the left
nostril. 64 P. M., sharp pain from right hip joint to the knee, making
it impossible to stand or bear any weight on the right limb. 8 r. M.,
excruciating pain in all the limbs and chest. Dull headache. Pain,
mostly in the joints, lasted all the evening. Sore throat.
9 P. M.,
Chilly feeling around the shoulders and chest. 10 P. M., Great heat
of whole body. Head feeling very hot, but cold to the touch.
11 A. M.,
Nov. 12th, 9½ A. M., sneezing. Chest and throat sore.
aching of superficial muscles, on right side of chest, passing to left.
side. 1 A. M.. cramp-like pains through abdomen, with flatulency.
(These cramp-like pains in the abdomen I have very often, arising, I
think, from constipation.) 4 P. M., painful, tired feeling across the
small of the back, and waist and lower limbs, not as severe as yester
day. 6 P. M., aggravation of coryza in the open air; not as bad as
last couple of days. Burning feeling in right nostril. Bleeding
from the left nostril quite profuse. Nose itched a great deal after
bleeding.
Nov. 13th.-Nose bled immediately after rising; dark blood for
about ten minutes; nostril burns very much, as if it were raw, also
itching somewhat. 2 P. M., noise in ears, as from the turning of a
machine in a machine shop. 7 P. M., flickering before the eyes in a
1088
NEW REMEDIES.
bright, yellow light; streaks in squares, always making three sides.
of a square. Pain in temporal region, both sides, and also pain over
the top of the head. The symptoms of 7 P. M. I have had frequently
during a number of years past, from four to six times during the
year. I had such an attack about a week before I took the medicine
for proving. I do not know whether the medicine produced the
symptom; but I do think I would not have had it so soon after the
previous attack, if I had not taken the medicine.
Nov. 14th, 10 A. M.-Headache; dull, pressing pain on top of
head, pressing outward from the ears.
Nov. 20th.-For several days have had a dull, dragging pain in
both groins; commences in the right groin, descending to the right
testicle; sometimes passes over to the left testicle, and from it to the
left groin, passing down the right side and up the left. The pains on
the left side, I have noticed more in the evening; those on the right
side, day and night repeatedly, lasting from one-half hour to two
hours. I have a constant sensation in both groins as if I strained
myself from taking a very long step. It is aggravated by anything
touching the groin, even my clothes are uncomfortable.
Nose sore
for some days, in the right nostril, on the cartilage of septum; bleeds
on being touched. Sensation of a hair in the right nostril, under
the nasal bone, at its lowest border. This symptom I have had, at
least, three times distinctly. Very forgetful, losing myself in con-
versation repeatedly; cannot keep a steady train of thought. Absent
minded. In writing, make wrong letters; have never been so absent
minded before.
·
I have been subject, for years, to a congestion of blood to the
head, which causes vertigo, flickering before the eyes, a sensation as
if the cranium were too small and would burst; an excruciating pain
in the eyes, in the temporal region, and across the top of the head,
accompanied with nausea. These are the symptoms in the worst
attacks, of which I have from four to six every year. After these
severe attacks, I have a dull pain in my head, generally for weeks,
the greater part of the time. I am generally constipated, which
constipation has not been affected by the medicine.
PROVING BY W. S. VIRGIN.
W. S. Virgin, twenty-four years of age; bilious temperament,
black hair, dark eyes; in perfect health when he commenced the
proving.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1089
Nov. 3d.—Took five drops of the tincture before going to bed, 11
o'clock г. M.; had been studying in the early part of the night.
Slept soundly, and unusually so, in the morning; hard to awaken.
7
Nov. 4th.-During breakfast, cutting pains in the bowels; soon
after, desire for stool, with passage of some wind before evacuating;
first part of stool seemed natural, last part soft and dark brown.
A. M., sneezing after breakfast, from tickling in the right nostril, left
stopped up. 9 A. M., Heaviness and sensation of fullness in the fore-
head, most over the left eye. Cutting pain in the upper right side of
the abdomen. While walking in the cold open air, discharge of
watery mucus from the nose, causing frequent blowing. Sensation as
of a screen or curtain in the right nostril, which would open and
shut during inspiration; this gradually passed over to the left, leav-
ing the right stopped up. The headache, which was constant in the
warm room, passed of after walking awhile in the open air. While
walking, pain in the right hip joint, which passed to the knee and
disappeared. While walking, severe pain in the outer part of the
left knee, causing limping; at the same time pressure in the left
shoulder. 10 A. M., cutting pain in the bowels, extending to the
anus; relieved by passing a small quantity of flatus while lying.
Tickling, like a hair in the upper right nostril; left stopped up.
Symptoms all disappeared during the afternoon.
Nov. 5th.-Slept well all night; felt refreshed in the morning.
9 A. M., while walking in the cold open air, profuse discharge of
mucus from the nose. The air seemed cold to the upper, inner, left
nostril while inhaling, with pain extending deep into the head, seem-
ingly from the posterior nares, with pressure in and over the left eye.
(Similar symptoms were observed at 2 o'clock P. M., while going from
college to boarding house.) 11 A. M., pain in the temple, over the
temple over the left eye, lasting some time. 2 P. M., slight pain in
the right groin while walking. Cutting pain in the bowels before
and after dinner, resembling those which preceded an attack of dys-
entery, which the prover had two years ago. 3:30 P. M., soreness of
the inside of the nose; air is felt painfully and cold while inhaling,
with hawking of mucus from the throat and posterior nares. General
feeling of malaise; aversion to study; while reading, forget what I
am reading about. Internal edge of right ala nasi very sore and
thickened; left stopped up; right dry and painful, (in room.) No
discharge from the bowels since the morning of the 4th; no desire;
passed some flatus during the day. Urine seemed to be diminished
1090
NEW REMEDIES.
in quantity and paler than usual.
9. P. M., pain in the neck, extend-
ing from the left mastoid process to scapula.
Nov. 6th.-Sleep natural; feeling of lassitude after rising. Dry-
ness and stoppage of the nose, with scabs in the nose. Sensation of
soreness through the chest and upper part of the abdomen, when
drawing a long breath; later, soreness in both mammary regions, and
great disposition to stretch the body backwards, arms upwards, with
yawning. 8 A. M., pain in both supra-orbital regions.
Aching pain
8:30, pain
Aching
in the right shoulder and left elbow, and knee joints.
in the right parietal protuberance while going up stairs.
pain in outer part of the left knee, while sitting and walking. Pain
in the back part of the neck, extending to the right shoulder, with
heavy pain in the right shoulder. Burning, stinging pain in the
chest, most in the region of the heart, from time to time during the
whole day. (These pains are similar to those I had some two or three
years ago, resulting, I believe, from adhesions, following pleurisy
and pericarditis, but had entirely disappeared, only returning when
I took a violent cold.) 2:30 P. M., slight bleeding at the nose after
dinner; blood bright red. 6 P. M., passage from bowels natural. 7
P. M., sneezed once. Aching pain in both shoulders (deep in), most
severe in the left, with pain extending from the head to shoulder ;
for a few seconds very severe. Slight colicky pain in upper part of
the abdomen. Aching pain in the left elbow, with snapping in the
shoulder joint when rotating the arm. Soreness of the muscles of
the arm when moving them. Nose dry and stopped up, mostly right.
Sleep undisturbed and refreshing.
Nov. 7th.-On rising in the morning, soreness in the upper part
of the abdomen while inhaling. Cutting pain in the abdomen,
(slight.) 8 A. M., pain in the left temple, extending into the left
nostril. Heavy pain in the left shoulder. 5 r. M., cutting pain ex-
tending from the umbilicus to the penis. Severe frontal headache.
Severe cutting pain in the left hypochondrium. 11 at night. While
lying in bed, sharp, cutting pain from the right iliac region into the
right testicle, which left the parts above Pouparts ligament very sore
and tender, with pain extending into root of penis, while pressing
upon it.
Nov. 8th, 6 A. M.-After urinating, pain at the root of the penis,
just as the flow stopped. 8:30, severe pain in the forehead, and
stinging pains in the chest, lasting some time. Discharge of thick
yellow matter from the nose. Sensation of dryness at the root of the
tongue. 9 A. M., colicky pain in the abdomen, with passage of wind
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1091
and pressure to stool. Stool of natural size, but excoriating the
anus as though covered with sand.
SECOND PROVING.
Nov. 18th, 11 o'clock at night.-Took ten drops of the third cen-
tesimal attenuation before retiring, (had been writing previously);
fifteen minutes afterwards, slight, colicky pains, with rumbling and
gurgling in the left side of the abdomen, high up. Awakened once
or twice through the night; thought it was time to rise, but immedi-
ately fell asleep again..
Blowing of blood and yellow
Aching pain in the cerebellum,
Uneasy, burning sensation in
left eye, which appeared sev-
Nov. 19th.-Slept unusually sound in the morning; hard to be
awakened, which was never the case before the proving commenced.
Felt unrefreshed and dull. Diminished appetite for breakfast. After
breakfast, cutting (slight) pain in the abdomen, relieved by passing
wind. 8 A. M., ill humor; vindictiveness. Aversion to mental occu-
pation and dullness of memory, and general feeling of dullness.
Disposition to lie down. Dull, heavy feeling in the head, amounting
to pressure over the root of the nose.
mucus from the nose. Nose dry.
first in the right, later in the left side.
the abdomen. 10 a. M., pain above the
eral times, but was always relieved by laying the hand on the part.
Pain in the left side of neck, to shoulder, relieved by laying the hand
on it. 10. Sleepy, could not pay proper attention to lectures. General
feeling of dullness. 11 A. M., slight chilly sensation in the back and
thighs, followed in a short time by an agreeable sensation of heat in
these parts while walking in the open air. 12.-Rumbling and gur-
gling in the let side of the abdomen. Forgetfulness, while writing;
if want anything and raise my hand to pick it up, or go after it, will
forget for a few seconds what was wanted, which would make me very
angry, and feel like damning and cursing everything, or any one who
bothered me in the least. Spitefulness, and disposition to hit and
knock things in general. These feelings disappeared towards
evening.
Nov. 20th.-Slept well all night, felt refreshed in the morning.
No symptoms of any consequence, but a spiteful, angry disposition,
with a desire to snub any one who differed in any thing with me;
lasting all day.
Nov. 21st.-No symptoms this morning.
1092
NEW REMEDIES.
PROVING OF THE THIRTIETH POTENCY, BY W. MCGEORGE.
Prover, light hair, fair complexion, nervous, sanguine tempera-
ment; occupation printer and student; rather under the average
height, well built, aged twenty-four; no hereditary complaint. At
the time of making the following proving, I was and am in the enjoy-
ment of good health, but troubled at times with a slight ozana; had
been troubled during the summer, with a vesicular eruption in
in the upper and lower
and lower extremities, and on the scrotum, for
which I had taken Croton tiglium 200; this removed the erup.
tion, and also the intense itching on the tips of the elbows
and scrotum, in which place the itching was as bad as ever.
Oct. 31st.—Took one dose of the thirtieth on tongue just before
going to bed.
Nov. 1st.-Felt cheerful upon getting up; observed a tendency
to take cold easily. 12 м. Very sanguine and contented. Felt very
good natured and cheerful. Troubled less on the elbow and scrotum,
6 P. M.
Unusual buoyancy. Felt refreshed, and like studying or
working all night; 12 P. M., went to hed, not tired.
Nov. 2d.-On getting up (6:30) had a little headache across the
forehead. Spirits not as lively as on the previous day, and yet not
depressed. Slight cold in nose in afternoon. Observed, in passing
a natural, large stool, that it was tinged with blood, no pain nor
straining. Itching about the same as on previous day.
Nov. 3d.-Headache on rising. Little catarrh.
apparently. Poor appetite, food tastes strangely.
Nose stopped up
Stools covered
with blood, no pain in passing them. Went to bed at 1 a. m.
Nov. 4th.-Woke up about 9 A. M., with a bursting feeling in the
head, very severe and almost stupefying. Catarrh bad; nose stopped
up. Poor appetite. The pain in the head was in the frontal part;
ameliorated by pressing the skin towards the middle of the forehead;
aggravated by pressing the skin towards the temporal bone, on pres-
ging in the forebead, and on wearing a light hat, or loose hat drawn
tightly rather better while in motion, and while the mind was
engaged. Dislike to go out, to read, to write, to do any thing. Feel
fretful and low spirited. Had a desire for eggs. (Generally do not
Dislike for meat and vegetables. Desire for
bread and tea. At 2 P. M., pain in the head commenced to abate, and
at 5 P. M., it had almost disappeared.
eat them or like them.)
Nov. 5th.-Headache less; felt better; took one drop on going
to bed; nothing observed.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1093
Nov. 6th.-Felt despondent; better after "
quizzing" in the
evening. Quite cheerful at 11 P. M.
Nov. 7th.-Felt better.
Nov. 8th.-Stool tinged with blood.
Nov. 9-16th.-Did not notice any peculiar symptoms.
Nov. 17th.-Felt more cheerful; took one drop.
Nov. 18th.-Pain in the head as before. Stopped up feeling
in the nose; no discharge from the nose; felt high spirited and
good natured.
Nov. 19th and 20th.-Felt the dull pain in forehead and at root
of nose previously mentioned.
The prover also submits the two following provings, of a single
dose, made on two other persons:
PROVING BY A. G. LILLIE.
Fair complexion, sanguine temperament, 25 years old; a mechanic
and clerk. A remarkably well built, strong man, enjoying good
health.
Oct. 31st.-Took a drop on tongue, 3 o'clock.
Nov. 1st.-Ou getting up a dull pain in the head, which went
away in a few minutes. In the afternoon, had heartburn, as he
termed it, which he had not had before for almost a year. I could
get no more symptoms from him, and he declined to take any more
medicine, being somewhat afraid of it.
PROVING BY HENRY KUSEL.
1
On Nov. 10th, a German, Henry Kusel, aged twenty-three, came
to me, troubled with a sore throat, roughness and raw feeling when
he talked, and severe cold in the head, which he had caught from
exposure after working over a hot fire, together with some other
symptoms. Under treatment his throat got much better, his hoarse-
ness left him, and his taste and smell, which had left him, had re-
turned, but the cold in the head only yielded slowly to the medicine.
At this stage, Nov. 18th, I gave him a drop of the remedy, 30th.
Next morning he complained of his cold being worse.
In the even
ing, he said that in the morning his cold had been worse than it
had ever been; but soon commenced to abate, and in the evening he
felt very much better.
Nov. 20th.—He said that his cold had entirely gone, but that his
throat was not so well, and had grown slowly worse since he had
taken this medicine; he also spoke of being in high spirits; every-
thing looked bright, and he felt happy and wanted to sing.
1094
NEW REMEDIES.
PROVING BY WM. D. HALL.
Wm. D. Hall, aged twenty-one years, of healthy, full habit, rosy
complexion, brown eyes, and dark-brown hair. Never subject to any
sickness, except slight congestions to the head, with bleeding of the
nose.
Oct. 31st, 1966.-Took one drop of the 30th potency at 11 o'clock
at night, on retiring. Slept well all night.
1. On rising in the morning, had an empty, gone feeling in the
stomach, as though he had been suffering from a long-continued attack
of diarrhoea, and had been unable to eat anything for several days;
the abdomen presented a scooped-out appearance; with this, he had
slight nausea, and a heavy, white coated tongue. 2. Headache, with
sensation of the brain being pressed against the frontal bones. This
came on after breakfast. 3. The edges of the teeth are painfully
sensitive to a draught of cold air. 4.—10½ a. m., had a dull, shoot
ing pain on the posterior part of the left leg; the pain runs down to
the os calcis. Pain lasted for five minutes.
5. Oct. 11th.-A. M., sensation as if a draught of cold air was
being thrown on the right lumbar region, and on the right nates,
lasting fifteen minutes. 6. Stiffness of the knee joints, made worse
by going up stairs. 7. 12 M., pressing pain over the protuberanco
of the left parietal bone. The pain was confined to a spot about
three inches in circumference; lasted but a few minutes. All of the
symptoms except the gone feeling, disappeared after dinner, and did
not return again.
8. Nov. 2d, 1866.—On rising in the morning, the tongue felt as
if scalded by having drunk hot coffee; it was aggravated by smoking.
9. 8 A. M., the pain, which lasted four hours in the right groin, at
different periods, changed to the left. 10. 8 o'clock, voluptuous
itching of the scrotum, compelling one to rub it, which relieves. 11.
Sore pain in the small of back, and region of the kidney, coming on
at 9 o'clock, lasting all day.
Nov. 3d.- Slept well all night; had no new symptom the 3d, all
the old ones having disappeared.
Nov. 4th.-Had an increased desire for sexual intercourse, in
which he indulged. During the first embrace, there was no emission;
during the second the emission was too late and very scanty.
Took at 12 o'clock, before retiring, three drops of the medicine
30th potency.
ร
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1095
Nov. 5th-Slept well all night; had no new symptoms or the
return of any old ones.
Nov. 6th, 7th, 8th -No symptoms. Repeated the dose on the
night of the eighth, taking four drops of the preparation, from which
he could obtain no symptoms.
PROVING BY C. B. DREHER.
C. B. Dreher, twenty-one years of age, sanguine temperament,
light hair. Had dyspepsia formerly, and feels symptoms of it occa-
sionally now.
Oct. 31st, 1866.-Took one drop of the tincture at 6:30 г. M. At
about 11 P. M., while lying on the stomach in bed, a feeling as if
something turning and twisting in it, lasting abont a minute.
Nov. 1st.-Slept well; in the morning, on rising, the usual bitter
taste in the mouth is absent, and an unusual feeling of good health,
At 11 A. M., suddenly a feeling of nausea in the stomach, accompanied
by belching up wind, a feeling of emptiness in the stomach, and vis-
ible sinking in the region of the stomach. This symptom lasted about
thirty minutes. At 3 r. M., immediately after eating, cutting in the
region of the stomach, lasting five minutes. Occasional loud belching
of wind during the afternoon.
Nov. 2d.—At 12 м., a severe, dull pain in the region of the stom-
ach, relieved by belching up wind. At 6:30 P. M., pain in the right
ear; when that disappeared, it was immediately followed by fullness
in the forehead and pain over the left eye; this symptom was imme-
diately after supper.
Nov. 3d. No symptoms.
Took five drops of the tincture at 11
P. M. Fifteen minutes afterwards, a rumbling in the abdomen, as if
a diarrhoea was coming on.
Nov. 4th.-Slept well. At 9 A. M., pain over the left eye, with
soreness in the forehead; the right nostril is stopped up. On walking
into the open air, the headache disappeared, and a watery coryza set
in; the latter stopped again in the room.
Nov. 5th.-At 11 A. M., feeling of emptiness and dull pain in the
stomach for one hour. At 11:30 a. M., drawing pain from the wrist
towards the elbow, on the left radial side. At 2:15 P. M.. cutting
pain in the sigmoid flexure of the colon. At 3 P. M., after dinner,
cutting pain in the left hypochondrium and stomach. Had occasional
belching of wind all day.
Nov. 6th.-Coryza. In the morning, when walking, the nose felt
quite dry; on going into the open air, discharge of water, which
1
1096
REMEDIES.
NEW
ceases in the room, and the nose feels dry and sore when breathing
through it. Secretion of urine is diminished and smells strong.
Nov. 7th.-Rheumatic pains in both thighs, extending later to
the hip and knee joints; the pain is worse when first sitting down
after walking.
PROVING OF MISS S.
Miss S., 30 years, temperament sanguine-nervous.
Nov. 2d, 1866.—Took at bedtime one drop of the 30th potency.
Some time after 1 o'clock, A. M., sleep disturbed by an irritation of
the skin and puder dum, compelling scratching, which relieved.
Nov. 3d.-Felt at different times during the day, spasmodic
attacks of itching in various parts of the body, principally in the
scalp. No eruption was visible. Felt no return of the irritation
during the night.
when
Nov. 4th.-No symptoms to note until four o'clock, P. M.,
the itching in the scalp returned, and about the same time I felt a
dryness in the throat, with an apparent swelling of the uvula, and an
accumulation of mucus about the posterior nares, which clogged the
throat. The throat seemed raw, and swallowing scraped it.
Nov. 5th.-The unpleasant sensations in the throat have all dis-
appeared. 9 A. M., about this time I experienced, in a warm room, a
severe cutting pain in the (hypogastrium) pit of the abdomen, accom-
panied with a looseness of the bowels; a desire to go to stool about
once in every half hour. It lasted until 4 o'clock P. M., with unesai-
ness. Languor, pallid face, and a feeling of tightness of the skin
around the mouth, the corners of which seemed drawn down, as usual
when sick. The cutting pain preceded each evacuation, which relieved
it. The evacuations were not thin, but scanty, and accompanied by
tenesmus in the rectum, which caused a dragging, bruised feeling in
the ovarian regions. 10 P. M., have felt no inconvenience of any des-
cription since 6 P. M. During the proving more cheerful than usual
Affections active.
PROVING BY K.
Age twenty-one. On Wednesday, took one drop of the 8th;
waited three days, and had no symptoms. On Saturday repeated the
dose at 3 P. M., and before 7 P. M., felt a cold coming on; it kept in-
creasing for two or three days, with discharge of thin mucus, excor
ating upper lip, afterwards turning thicker. Short dry cough at first.
turning to a loose cough. Partial stoppage of eustachian tube. Stop-
page of the nose in the morning.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1097
PROVING BY J. J. H.
J. J. H., aged twenty-one.
Oct. 31st.-At 11 P. M., took one drop of the 30th potency; felt
perfectly well at the time.
Nov. 1st.-Twice this morning, felt a slight smarting pain in left
side of the palate. Slight tickling in the urethra, several times
this evening, generally low down, but once just at the orifice of
the urethra.
Nov. 2d. Once or twice to day, have felt some symptoms, though
very slightly.
Nov. 6th.-Awoke this morning with sensation of roughness and
soreness in throat; worse on swallowing. About 10 A. M., diarrhoeic
stool, preceded by much tenesmus and slight nausea, followed by some
tenesmus for a few minutes. Increased secretion of mucus in the
throat, inducing cough, or rather hawking.
November 7th.-Diarrhoea about 7 A. M., driving me out of bed;
upper part of right side of pharynx sore, worse during dry swallow-
ing, better on swallowing fluids. At 12 m., another stool, almost en-
tirely of yellow water. In evening, about 9 P. M., severe headache in
temples; feel dull; want to lie down; relieved by pressure. On
going into open air, about an hour afterwards, this headache disap-
peared; seems to have been excited by emotion.
November 8th.--At 10 A. M., diarrhoea same as yesterday, pre-
ceded and followed by much tenesmus; before stool a sensation of
weakness and trembling; after stool I feel better, though weak; also,
during and just after stool, aching pain in glans penis; sleep last
night was disturbed by dreams; vague, unremembered, lewd dreams.
November 9th. This morning natural, though scanty stool. About
6 P. M., lighted a match, the fumes of which passed into my mouth;
over since have felt a constant tickling low down in pharynx; cough
ing and drinking relieve it momentarily.
November 10th.-Woke this morning with same irritation and
desire to cough; feel oppressed for breath; desire to cough even in-
creased to nausea at times; constantly wanting to draw long breath;
pressure with fingers on trachea causes cough; after breakfast head
commenced to ache; first it felt extremely full, then dull pain in
temples; on every step or sudden movement of body, felt pain more.
On going up stairs, or on sudden stooping, seems as though head would
burst; coughing makes head worse. Pain, as from excoriation, under
upper part of sternum, at every cough; though there is a constant
72
1098
NEW REMEDIES.
desire to cough, I dread to, so severe is the sensation. Feeling of
lump in lower part of the pharynx, inducing constant deglutition; at
times this lump seems to rise, almost suffocating me; by drawing
long breaths as possible through my mouth this feeling of suffocation
is removed; on undressing at night had slight chill; head ached
severely till I went to sleep.
November 11th.-Slept well last night; no headache to-day; no
feeling of lump in throat, except on first rising; desire to cough not
so constant, though soreness under sternum the same.
November 12th.--Woke this morning with throat very sore;
cough and soreness in chest the same.
Nov. 13th.-Woke this morning with intensely sore throat; feel
it most on coughing or swallowing. Expectoration of cough sweetish.
About three P. M., took a dose of Sepia 3m.
Nov. 14th.-Throat feels much better. From this time, I stead-
ily improved until the symptoms all disappeared. I should have said
above, before taking the Sepia, I found it to correspond in every par-
ticular.
PROVING BY AUGUSTIN THOMPSON.
Augustin Thompson, thirty years. Has had chronic inflammation
and much bleeding at the lungs, which terminated in an abscess,
which was cured by homoeopathic remedies. Since, the lungs have
been very susceptible to morbid impressions. He was well when he
commenced the proving of this remedy.
October 31st. --9 P. M., took one drop of the sixth attenuation on
the tongue. During the night dreams of being pursued by wild
beasts, (unusual.)
•
November 1st.-From 7 A. M., to 1 P. M., coryza in the right nos-
tril (.
.), with constant inclination to sneeze; after sneezing, a
constant tickling sensation in the back part of the nostril; remark-
able heat and confusion in the head, with a loss of memory of recent
things; palliation of the heat and confusion by pressing the cool hand
hard across the forehead. The night was restless and full of dreams,
(had studied hard.)
November 2d.—Intense itching in the right nostril from 6 A. M.
to 1 P. M.; relieved always in the cool air; pain dull and heavy in the
left occipital region, with pale face. much heat in head, and pressing
from within outwards in the region of the temporal fossa; relieved by
the pressure of a cool hand and a cool open air; occasional darting
pains in the long muscles; have been constipated for two days.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1099
Nov. 3d. The point of the tongue feels scalded and smarts contin-
ually; a violent retching pain in the lobe of the left lung, from the front
through to the back, with a congestive sensation and feeling, such as
precedes bleeding at the lungs, lasting four hours, from 9 A. M., to 1
P. M. Unusual heavy, dull aching in the left side of the head all day;
the memory seems deficient and head confused; a slight pain under
the left scapula all day; two stools to-day, (normal,); a constant
aversion to the application of the mind; the scalded sensation at the
point of the tongue since yesterday has continued, grown worse,
spread all over the anterior half of the tongue, and there is a small
burning, painful vesicle on the left side of the tip of the tongue, where
the scalded sensation first started; throat dry and sore.
November 4th.-Continuance of symtoms of the 3d, with a de-
crease.
November 5th.-No symptoms; (mouth so sore took Sepia.)
PROVING BY MISS M.
Miss M., temperament nervous-lymphatic; age, 28 years; took
on Thursday evening one drop of the thirtieth; had pain at night,
but too sleepy to notice where. The next day, morning, a spasmodic
pain, commencing under right clavicle and extending down to the
right side of chest and back; felt the pain twice, severely, when
laughing, could not finish the laugh; exhilaration of spirits and a
feeling of lightness and happiness; less languor from fatigue than
usual.
PROVING BY MISS V.
Miss. V., age twenty years; temperament lymphatic; took on
Thursday evening one drop thirtieth; a sharp pain in the right side,
in the region of the liver, extending to the shoulder-blade; not con-
stant, nor coming on at stated times, but mostly in the morning be-
tween eight and two o'clock; a yellow appearance of the skin, par-
ticularly around the mouth and neck; a feeling of sickness and lan-
guor, lasted a whole week, with depressed spirits, sad manner.
PROVING BY H. M.
H. M., age 36; temperament, nervous-bilious; took on Thursday
two drops thirtieth.
November 1st.-Next day, once in the morning, and once in the
afternoon; felt a transient, tensive aching in right ear. For several
days unusual cheerfulness and hopefulness; no more symptoms.
1100
NEW REMEDIES.
PROVING BY M. M. WALKER.
M. M. Walker, twenty one years.
November 8th.-1 o'clock, midnight.-Took one drop of fifteenth
potency, after hard study. 1. Awoke at 7 A. M. and blew a plug of
soft mucus out of right nostril. 2. Felt a vertical drawing streak on
muscles of right breast, half way between nipple and sternum; this
came quickly, about twelve inches long. seemed to spread like a
feather each way from the median line; it went as quickly as it
came. 3. At 3 P. M., sensation of tingling running down the right
nostril, immediately followed by a few drops of arterial blood, I was
busy writing, and stopped it with cold water. 4. At 4 P. M., ting-
ling in right nostril, causing sneezing. 5. Heaviness of right side.
of the head, with drowsiness. 6. Pain from the centre of the brain,
extending to the parietal protuberance on right side.
7. November 9th.-9 A. M., left ear feels as if it had cotton in it,
impeding hearing. 8. Dullness of right side of the head.
Symptom 7.—I am not sure was the effect of the medicine, as my
ear had a little wax in it; but this feeling did not go for some min-
utes after the wax was extracted.
Gastralgia-Dyspepsia.
Followed by an Epigastrical Tumor and
Marasmus: Cure by Hydrastis Canadensis.*
At the end of the year 1864, M. B. had suffered for five years of
pains in the stomach, which had appeared after strong mental
emotions and disappointments, the influence of which he was unable
to avoid. M. B. was then 78 years of age, he had always been and
still was devoted to some works of the administration.
Vain attempts had been made to moderate the pains or palliate
them by the use of sometimes soothing, sometimes resolute remedies,
or by alternate sedatives cr tonics. Imperfect and passing relief
were the only results obtained. Aconite, moderate doses of Bella-
donna-the use as a beverage of the "eaux de Pougues," of the syrup
of the bitter orange-peel of Laroze, the powders of subnitrate of Bis-
muth and Magnesia, laxative alkaline preparations of pepsine, of
soothing laxative pills, of the elixir of Boujean bark, Malaga wine,
Codeine, Morphine, renewed epigastric blisters, vegetable charcoal-
such were the means successively employed during the space of five
years, with necessary intervals required by rest, in order to give re-
lief to suffering characterized by laborious and painful digestion, but
not complicated for a length of time by loss of appetite, thirst,
quickened pulse or any of the disorders of circulation-even of gastric
secretions as far as could be conjected by the state of the tongue,
which always seemed perfectly clean.
* Translated from the Journal Dispensaire Hahnemann, vol. iv., No. 11. L'Art Medical.-
Dr. La Brunne.-Hahnemann Monthly, Oct., 1866.
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS.
1101
For the trial of remedies employed, which, although at a glance
and as enumerated they appear formidable, were used temperately,
each in their turn and with order, it must be remembered that a
considerable time was requisite; and their unsuccess was not abso-
lute, as twice at different times there seemed to be an improvement,
the first time for many months, the second for a few weeks.
But the renewal and persistency of the initiative causes of this
serious derangement of health contributed much in neutralizing the
benefit of the medicines.
Unavoidable circumstances deprived M. B. of the probable advan-
tages of a few seasons at some appropriate mineral spring, such as
Evian, Neris, Pougues.
Until April, 1864, the pains bore no other form than that of gas-
tric dyspepsia; but at that time a considerable loss of appetite was
remarked, considerable loss of strength also, great sensitiveness in
the epigastric region, in which pulsations isochronous to the pulse
were perceived, and a flattened, resistant tumor of some two inches
in diameter.
The application of leeches to the rectum seemed warrantable for
several reasons; for aggravation in the symptoms, a certain hardness
in the pulse, and finally unmistakable signs of a circular congestion
in the coeliac regions, in a person who had had for a long period of
of his life slight nasal hemorrhages, sufficiently abundant and critical
in this sense that they seemed to dispel and be favorable to an often
repeated cephalalgia, caused by laborious and sedentary habits. This
bloody evacuation of a sufficient, though not considerable quantity,
gave but incomplete relief; it seemed notably to act on the strength
and notwithstanding the hæmorhoidal inflammation which at different
times appeared, and which it had been proposed to encourage, so as
to remove it from the umbilical region, but on consideration it was
also given up.
A more regular use of laxative pills was insisted upon, also the
precipitating alkaline water of Evian, and the tonic sedative elixir of
Boujean; dissolving frictions of the Balm of Conicine on the epi-
gastric region, and the granulations of the same substance administered
for series of eight days, with intervals of rest.
In July of the same year, 1864, an improvement had taken place;
the patient was advised, as his business allowed it at that time, to
visit the springs at Evian. He readily got used to the water, and
enjoyed the place well, as the season was excellent, but he felt but
little relief, which time soon dissipated.
In November the pains were insufferable; the loss of appetite,
of sleep and strength became more alarming, frequent vomiting and
great anguish about the heart, almost permanent, were added already
to the painful condition of a man, whose mode of living had always
been very regular; being a living model of sobriety and prudence.
Among the various physicians consulted there was not one who
did not believe that an organic derangement of the constitution, pro-
bably of a scirrhous character, existed. It was then that finding that
1102
NEW REMEDIES.
the remedies given up to this time were without effect, I remembered
the indications of one proposed in "L'Art Medical" of last issue.
This remedy, "Hydrastis Canadensis," had cured or contributed
to cure cancers in various cases, as reports of gathered observations
in America set forth. It was almost incredible. But as incredulity
is easily overcome in situations of imminent danger, they used
Hydrastis in mother tincture, two drops, a dose morning and evening,
in a spoonful of water. The patient submitted to this prescription,
though without any hope, for during his illness he had used so many
different medicines administered in this manner, and without success,
that he had lost all confidence in them.
He supposed this new remedy to be as inefficacious as Nux vomica,
Ignatia, Chamomile, Colocynth, Arsenic and so many others. He took
it with the greatest indifference; but his opinion soon changed, for
in the space of three weeks the vomiting had ceased, the pains in the
chest were decidedly better, and the disgust for food by degrees
became less.
After six weeks the whole body felt improved, and strength com-
menced to return. Medicine was now taken less frequently, a cir-
cumstance which did not affect his progressive improvement; and M.
B., who is now about eighty-one years of age, enjoys at this period,
which is eighteen months since taking that medicine, the full exercise
of his digestive functions; he is almost without any kind of pains,
he has become as active as formerly, can attend to business and enjoy
during the night the sweetness of rest. The coeliac pulsations have
lost three-fourths of their intensity, and the epigastric tumor two-
thirds in size, in extent and thickness, and, according to our judgment
also in hardness; it presents now a disc of some hardness in the cen-
tre; and gradually limited in circumference.
These conditions certainly have not been under the control of our
autopsy, but the practising physician can well afford to forego such a
satisfaction in view of a still nobler pleasure, namely, that of seeing a
man so much afflicted restored to health; one whose influence among
the inhabitants of the town was so great that a large number witness-
ed the failing of his health as well as his restoration, and were inter-
ested parties in his welfare.
This observation is conclusively in favor of the Therapeia, called
Homœopathic, which had been resorted to when the common medicines
for long years employed had been found altogether unavailing. For no
one can attribute this cure to faith, the patient having exhausted the
usual medicines previous to the advent of a new one. Demonstrations
of this kind would be numerous if we were permitted to introduce
them in the hospitals, but the fears of the old school of medicine,
condemned by facts and experience, induce the schools and academies
to deny systematically and deliberately to all scientific liberty its
onward march towards truth.
IRIS VERSICOLOR.
PROVING BY N. F.
July 21st.-Dr. C. H. Weaver gave N. F., who is of a spare,
nervous habit,-pellets No. 5, medicated with the first decimal dilu-
tion, dose three pills four times daily. The following were the prin-
cipal sensations: Constrictive pressive feeling about the sternum ;
shortness of breath; sharp cutting pains through the temples, with
dimness of vision; griping in the bowels, with profuse light colored
diarrhoea, so prostrating that he is obliged to discontinue the prov-
ing.
PROVING BY DR. C. H. WEAVER.
July 25th.-In ordinary health; of spare habit, and nervo-bilious
temperament.
At 1 a. м., took 8 drops, an immediate feeling as though the brain
was partially narcotized, soon followed by sharp, cutting pains dart-
ing through the temples; also in the elbows and biceps muscle; also
feeling of contusive lameness in the last mentioned parts.
4 P. M.-Took 10 drops; acid, peppery taste in the forward half
of the tongue; sore and raw feeling in the throat, especially around
the epiglottis, with hoarseness; a stuffed up, smarting sensation in
the posterior nares, as from a recent cold, increased secretion of
nasal mucus; griping in the bowels, with several light, but some-
what acrid stools. The proving was continued two or three days, and
about the same sensations produced.
August 31st.—5 P. M., took 10 drops; peppery taste in mouth;
stinging, sharp pains in temples, but dull in vertex and over the eyes;
very sharp acrid feeling near epiglottis, with hoarseness. At 8 P. M.,
10 drops; passed a very restless night; was troubled with frightful
dreams and fancies. 7 A. M., feeling as if intoxicated; stinging,
rheumatic pains in elbows and fore arms, and in knees; pulse slow
and labored, but considerable heat of skin; up to 12 м., headache of
a nervous, gastric character; stinging pain in right shoulder; con-
striction in chest and at middle of sternum; acute, distressing pain
in stomach; continued stuffed up feeling in posterior nares, and nasal
sinuses, with discharge of thin, clear mucus; continual snuffing and
occasional sneezing throughout the day, and hoarseness; passed con-
siderable limpid urine frequently. About 4 P. M., began to feel very
1104
NEW REMEDIES.
weak; griping in the bowels and soreness over the surface of the
abdomen; also great soreness and harshness of the muscles of the
neck; somewhat feverish, with intense itching in various parts of
the body.
Sept. 1st.-Arose feeling weak, passed a very copious, mushy,
light colored stoool; have still a dull headache, with some sharp
stitches through the temples; but the most marked symptom is a
sharp, raw, excoriating feeling in both nares, with constant incli-
nation to empty the nose; discharge of nasal mucus is very free ;
sneezing constant for the space of 20 minutes. Six A. M., took 15
drops; sharp, aching pains in shoulders, arms, and especially the
first finger of the left hand; increased hoarseness; nausea; almost
constant weakness, so increased toward evening. with terrible head
ache and giddiness, that I was obliged to cling to my horse for sup-
port in the saddle; fell two or three times in walking to my room,
but after a cup of warm tea and a little Nux vomica, am able to get
about; next day headache continues, and not until the expiration of
a week does it feel quite easy; also the discharge of mucus from the
nose is very profuse, in fact, almost incessant for ten days, the bron-
chia being also affected in a similar manner, but less severe; it felt
and acted like a severe attack of catarrh with influenza, and had I
ever been affected in a like manner before, I should think it the
result of a severe cold.
NOTE-A marked symptom observed in three former provings,
upon as many persons, was troubled and lascivious dreams, with a
profuse, involuntary emission of seminal fluid.
SARRACENIA.
In the Hahnemannian Monthly, vol. i., page 452, is an article
translated from vol. iv., No. 5, of Le Dispensaire Hahnemann, which
reports the case of apparent "Tuberculosis Pulmonaris," cured by
Sarracenia. The case is too lengthy to be copied in this place, and
the reader is referred to the journal above mentioned. The medicine
was given in the 30th potency, three globules every four days. The
writer—a “Dr. L. G."-asserts that he has used it successfully in
many psoric diseases.
URTICA URENS.
*
1
(Dwarf Stinging Nettle.)
ANALOGUES.-Arsenicum(?); Apis(?); Belladonna (?); Clematis (?);
Copaiva (?); Comocladia(?); Dulcamara (?); Petroleum (?); Rhus (?)
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.-This plant is an annual, introduced from
Europe, but may be considered thoroughly American, so generally
and widely distributed is it in this country. It has a branching, his-
pid, stinging stem, one or two feet high, with broadly elliptic, acutely
serrate leaves, about five-veined-on short petioles, one or two inches
long and about two-thirds as broad. The flowers are in droop-
ing pedunculate, nearly simple clusters, two in each axil, and shorter
than the petioles.
HISTORY. This species of nettle, is found more commonly South
than North. It blossoms in February and March in the former loca-
tions; in the latter in April, May, and June.
*
Jahr says it is found every where in Europe, in cultivated places.
He makes it the officinal species, although the Urtica dioica is the
larger and more venomous species.
[The U. dioica is considered the officinal species by medical authori
ties of the opposite school. It is a perennial plant, from two to four
feet high, armed with minute rigid hairs or prickles, which transmit a
venomous fluid when pressed. These two species are so closely allied
that I shall mention both in the medical history, designating however,
which is referred to. We have not seen any provings of this species.]
PHARMACOLOGICAL.-Jahr directs the freshly expressed juice of
the leaves and flowers, to be mixed with an equal quantity of alcohol,
thus forming the "mother tincture." He says nothing about the
"stings," or prickles, which grow on the stem, and are really the
most important portion of the plant. Next in importance is the root.
The whole plant, gathered in the flowering season, should be used; a
tincture to be made in accordance with the best plan now known,
namely-by percolation or saturation.
(The active principle of the stings, upon which depends their ven-
omous power is supposed to be free formic acid.†
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.-Tincture, dilutions, infusion.
MEDICAL HISTORY.-We find a very brief notice of this plant in
the Symptomen Codex; a brief clinical remark that it has been re-
commended for "burns, dysenteric diarrhoea, and nettle-rash;"
Hempelt mentions an interesting case in which a strong infusion.
of two cups of Urtica urens for cardialgia, caused severe constitutional
symptoms. This is important as showing that its effects are not purely
local.
Hempel recommends it in burns, when the integuments and sub-
jacent tissues are not destroyed, and when the injury is confined to
Pharmacopœia and Posology, page 195.
† American Jonrnal of Pharmacy, vol. XXII., page 181.
+ Materia Medica, vol. II., p. 697.
73
1106
NEW REMEDIES.
the epidermis. He advises the infusion of the plant, taken in
teaspoonful doses internally, and a lotion applied externally. He
also advises it in hæmorrhages from the urethra, nose, stomach, and
uterus; and relates some experiments made by order of the French
Academy in which some cases of menorrhagia after confinement, were
cured speedily, by half a glassfull of the infusion every two hours.
It may be useful in the menorrhagia occurring at the critical period.
Lippe says it is indicated in "hæmoptysis from violent exertion
of the lungs; dysentery; insufficiency, or entire want of secretion of
milk after parturition; nettle rash, and burns." Allopathic author-
ities recommend it in diarrhoea, dysentery, hæmorrhoids, hæmorr-
hages, and febrile affections, gravel, and nephritic diseases.
*
“
Paralysis is said to have been cured by whipping the affected limbs
with the plants. Applied to bleeding surfaces they are said to be "styp-
tic." The seeds are said to cause lethargic sleep, and to arrest the
paroxysms of ague, In doses of fourteen or sixteen a day they are
said to have cured goitre; reduce excessive corpulencey, and are also
anthelmintic "
""
The two provings below, sent me by Dr. C. Neidhard of Phila-
delphia, are the only systematic provings of the plant ever published.
TOXICAL EFFECTS.
"The leaves of the fresh plant (U. dioica) stimulate, inflame, and
run blisters on those portions of the skin, with which they come
in contact. (Celsus.) "The seeds induce a lethargic sleep." (King.)
even
"A woman thirty-eight years old,† had drank a strong infusion of
two cups of Urtica urens for cardialgia, shortly before going to bed.
At four o'clock in the morning the skin of her face, arms, shoulders
and chest burnt frightfully, the patient complained of itching and
burning, as if the skin were scorched; the lips, nose, and ears were
swollen, the eyelids were oedematous as if full of water, and they
were closed. At noon the upper part of the body, down to the um-
bilicus, was enormously swollen, but rather pale and dropsical than
inflamed, and covered with confluent, small, transparent vesicles filled
with serum, sudamina. In other respects the patient was free from
pain, the breathing and circulation were undisturbed,
Fiard who was the attending physician, and who originally re-
ported this case in the Bulletin de Therapeutique, having remained
for two days in perfect ignorance of the origin of this trouble, and
being desirous of relieving his patient of her burning distress and
anxiety, bled her and ordered footbaths and mustard-plasters; he
likewise pricked the swollen parts, from which a quantity of serum
was discharged, after which the swelling went down. On the third
day the eruption caused violent itching, on the sixth, desquamation
set in. What is remarkable is that the patient who had had twelve
children of whom she had not nursed any, now saw her breasts swell
and fill with a serous and afterwards with a milky fluid. For twelve
days she did not emit a drop of urine, although she commenced to
eat on the fourth day, and had alvine discharges.
* Text Book of Materia Medica, page 690.
↑ Wibmer.
URTICA URENS.
1107
PROVING BY JOHN REDMAN COXE, JR., M. D.
June 1.-7 A. M, 3 P. M., and 9 P. м., 12 drops
2-7
3
3.—7
4.—7
2 +
4
9
12
10
15
11
20
36
36
45
60
177
June 2d,—Considerable burning in throat, with frequent hawking
up of frothy mucus; pain in right deltoid muscle, slight.
June 3d--Pain increased in right deltoid-very painful at 9 P.M.;
could not put on my coat without assistance.
June 4th.-No stool yesterday, and none to-day, a circumstance
remarkably unusual; appetite good, but pulse accelerated by six beats,
itching swellings all over the fingers and hands; pain in right eye,
and in right parietal bone, stinging pain, compelling me to fub and
press it.
June 5th. No stool; feel well, except throat, which burns and
causes me to cough; not much expectoration, but what there is, is
frothy; a large number of bumps on fingers and hands, itching at times
very severely, much resembling "bold hives ;"* pains in both arms,
right the worst, and pain in both ankles, of a rheumatic nature; pain
in right eye and right side of sinciput.
June 6th.-No stool; took Nux vomica 3d; in six hours a stool,
natural, followed in four hours by several dysenteric stools of a whitish
slime, with pain around the umbilicus; though I am very regular in
my stools, yet for five days after the 6th, I had from two to four stools
per diem, with pains of a colic-like nature, and tenesmus; stools were
white and yellow, with a slimy mucus intermixed; pain in the arms,
and the "hives" continued until the 14th June, when they disappeared,
being the last symptoms obtained.
PROVING BY A. R. SHAW, M. D.
June 3-8 A. M., 2 P. M., and 10 P. M., 10 drops 1st dec. dil.
:
""
4-8
(6 2
5-8
6-8
7-8
(C
8-8
" 9-8
c
~~2NN
66
10
10 (C
10 "
10
""
"6
10
"
10
10 (6
10
10
10
66
10
"
10
After taking the 30 drops on the 3d, on the 4th of June ex-
perienced for a short time a nausea and burning in the throat; before
taking the medicine on the 3d, had itching" bold hives," on the
left hand, which vanished in a few hours.
On the 4th, at stool, during and after the passage, had a sensation
of burning in the anus, a raw burning, also a small hæmorrhoidal
tumor during the afternoon and evening, itching and burning at times
quite severe.
On the 5th, no stool in the morning. At 2 г. м., a small dysen-
* A common name for a species of Urticaria; generally Urticaria nodosum.
1108
NEW REMEDIES.
teric stool, a greenish brown slime, with urging and tenesmus, but no
itching or burning. At 3 P. M., pressing pain in left eye. At 7 P.M.,
a cramp-like pain in right arm, in the deltoid muscles, it feels sore to
the touch, and feels worse on rotating the arm inwards; this pain
continued the whole evening, the left arm felt slightly rheumatic.
On the 6th, on getting into bed, felt a heat all over the whole
body, with soreness over the abdomen; the pain in right arm is in-
creased by lying on it, the pain on moving it is very severe; a kind
of sharp stitch darting through the arm; a pressing pain over right
eye, and in the eye-ball; pain in arm very severe all day, extending
over the whole of the front humerus, and at times a pain in left arm,
of a similar but lighter character; the muscles in right arm feel very
sore, as if bruised. At 10 P. M., a pain in left hypochondriac region,
cannot stretch the right arm from severity of pain, and am unable
to raise it. There is a stiff kind of soreness on inside of left knee joint.
7th.-Dull aching pain in right sinciput and right side of face,
extending to malar bone. 10 A. M., a sensation of soreness in the
bowels while lying down, and on pressure a sound as if they were
full of water; at times during the day a soreness in right side of
chest; pain in right arm all day,
8th.-7 A. M., pain in right arm gone, eyes feel weak and sore;
while reading feel drowsy; daring the day and evening a pressing
pain over the eyes. At 9 P. M.. a neuralgic pain in the right face and
forehead; had a small stool with much straining; have been consti-
pated for several days-very unusual.
9th.-During the day, a slight pressing in head, especially over
the eyes; a slight pain in both arms, with a rheumatic stiffness and
pain in right wrist. At 10 r. M., a number of small lumps and red
spots on the hands, and fever blisters on the lips, itching a good deal.
10th.-A sore feeling, as if from a blow, in the left side of the
chest; all day a fullness of head, and giddiness, like a rush of blood
to the head; a dull aching pain in the head, lasting about an hour,
with stitches in the region of the spleen.
11th.-Dull aching pain in occiput, and over the eyes; pain in eye-
balls, as if from a blow, with a feeling as if there was sand in the
eyes. During the day a rheumatic pain in right wrist, slight, and not
long lasting.
13th.-Rheumatic pain in arm, wrist, and fingers of left side.
19th. - Fullness of head; sensation of rush of blood and dullness.
22d. Many "hives" on hands, itching slightly; also a number of
red blotches on hands.
25th to 30th. Many blotches on hands, itching a great deal.
July 1st.-Dysentery; frequent urging to stool; small painful
stools; mucus mixed with white matter like the boiled white of
eggs, at times a little blood; much pain over the whole abdomen,
continued a week. During the proving was constipated; no stool for
two or three days-very unusual.
July 13th.-A number of blotches still on my hands, but do not itch.
CLINICAL INDEX AND REPERTORY.
ABORTUS-
Aletris f. 57,58. Asar. c. 97,98
Asclep. s. 113. Asc. i. 101,102.
Baptisia 146.
Cauloph. 180-182. Cim.225,226.
Collinsonia can. 255
Erechth. 317.
Eriger. 327.
Eupatorium pur. 369.
Gelseminum sem. 443,446,447.
Gossyp. 476,477.
Hedeoma pulegioides 523,524.
Helonias dioi. 528,538,540,541.
Leptandra 675.
Phytolac. Podophyl. Pulsatil. n.
Mitchella repens 723.
Sanguinaria 932.
AFTER PAINS.
Aletris(?) Aslepias syr.(?)
Cauloph. 178. Cimicifuga 225.
Dioscorea 301.
Gossypium(?) Mitchella (?)
Podoph. pel. 828. Polygonum.
Pulsatilla nuttal.
Trillium 1010.
AGALACTIA.—
Urtica 1106
ALBUMINURIA-
Senecio.
Cauloph. 178. Chim. 198, 200.
Eupatorium pur. 360.
Helonias 534,537.
Phytolacca d. 781, 792.
AMAUROSIS-
Cac. gr. 156. Cimicif. 216,217.
Gelseminum 425.
Hydrastis 570.
Lachnanthes 648.
Puls. N. 848,849,859.
AMBLYOPIA—
Cimicifuga 216.
Lachnanthes(?) 648.
Veratrum(?)
AMENORRHOEA-
Aletris 57. Apoc. c. 83. Aral.92.
Asar. 98. Asclep. in. 100,102.
Asclep. syr. 104,113.
Caul. 178. Cimici. 221-223,225.
Collinsonia 255. Cypri. 295.
Eupatorium pur. 369.
Gelsem. 443. Gossyp. 477-480.
Hedeoma pulegioides 523,524.
Helonias 528,534,538,540.
Lobelia 695.
Mitchella repens 723,724.
Podophyllum peltatum 830.
Polygonum pune.
834,844
Sanguinaria canaden. 916,931.
Senecio 985,986.
ANEMIA-
Helonias. 531. Hydrastis 575.
ANASARCA-(See Dropsy.)
Eupatorium per. 346,348.
Helonias 534. Hydrastis 580.
Iris v.(?)
Rhus ven.(?)
Senecio 982.
ANGINA-
Esculus hip. 40. Arum 94,95.
Cactus 157. Cimicifuga 218.
Erigeron 319.
Gelseminum semp. 431.
Hydrastis can. 573.
Lachnanthes 649,
Myrica cer. 727.
Nymphæa odorata 752.
Phyt. 765,783,784. Podo. 817.
Rhus gla. 870. Rhus ven. 875.
Sanguinaria 925.
Triosteum per. 1020.
ANGINA PECTORIS—
Cactus. Cimicifuga 234.
Veratrum v.
1110
CLINICAL INDEX
ANOREXIA-
Cactus gran. 157. Chelon 191.
Cimici. r. 218. Comoclad. 277,
Eupatorium per. 346,356.
Gels. 432. Gymnocladus 488.
Helon. 528,533. Hydras. 575.
Iris versicolor 610.
Juglans 641.
Lobelia inflata 690.
Sanguinaria 928.
ANOSMIA
Gelseminum semp. 427.
Sanguinaria 923,927.
ANUS AFFECTIONS OF-
Esculus h.41. Asclep syr.109.
Cactus 159.
Hamamelis 497.
Podophyl. 825. Polygonum.
ANURY (See Ischuria.)
APHONIA-
Esculus hip. 50.
Baptisia 146.
Gelseminum 430,457.
ARTHRITIS-
Apoc. andr.
Comocladia (?)
Phytolacca 769,782.
ASCARIDES-
Apoc. andr. 89. Asclep. s. 110.
ASCITES-(See Dropsy.)
Aletris(?) 56. Ampelopsis (?) 62.
Apocynum cannabin. 69,71-74.
Asclepias tuberosa 114.
Chimaphila umb. 198,201,202.
Erig. 319,327. Eup. purp. 360.
Helonias(?) 534.
Iris versicolor 618.
Senecio 982.
ASTHENOPIA-
Esculus 38.
Cactus gr. 156. Caul, thal. 176.
Cimicifuga 215. Comocla. 276.
Eryngium aquaticum 337.
Gelseminum 425.
Hydrastis can. 570.
Rhus glab. 872. Rumex c. 907. | ASTHMA—
Stillingia.
Xanthoxylum.
APHTHÆ-
Baptisia 141.
Caloph. 174. Cornus circ. 276.
Eup. arom. 344. Euphorb. 376.
Hydrastis can. 572.
Myrica 727.
APOPLEXY—
Esculus glab. 17,18.
Cactus gr, 156.
Gelsem. 423. Gymnoclad. 481.
Lachnanthes 647.
Sanguinaria can. 922.
Zizia(?)
ARDOR URINÆ –
Esculus hip. 49. Apoc. can.73.
Asarum(?) 97. Ascle. syr. 112.
Cactus 159. Chimaphila 197.
Erech(?) 317. Eryngium(?) 339.
Erigeron can. 326.
Galium 383.
Hamam, 503.
Gelseminum 439.
Hedeoma 523.
Helonias (?) 534. Pod. pel. 829.
Senecio aureus.(?)
Asclep. in. 99. Asclep. syr. 104.
Asclepias tuber. 115,119,120.
Apocy. can. 83. Arum 93-95.
Baptisia 146.
Cactus 160. Caulophyllum 185.
Cistus can. 245.
Eup. arom. 345. Eup. per. 357.
Euphorbia 372.
Gelseminum 452.
Hedeoma pulegioides 525.
Lobelia 678,697-699.
Phytolacca 799.
Rhus glabrum 872.
Sanguin. 916,935.
Veratrum v.
ATROPHY-
General-
Phytolacca decandra 771.
of the Mammæ.
Chimaphila 1083.
BED-SORES-
Comocladia.
Rhus ven(?)
Hamamelis vir. 512.
AND REPERTORY.
1111
BILIARY DERANGEMENTS. BRIGHT'S DISEASE-
Esculus hippocastanum 41.
Cactus 158.
Collinsonia 262.
Cornus 278.
Hydrastis can. 575.
Iris versicolor 612.
Juglans cinerea(?)
Leptandra 663.
Myrica cerifera 736.
Phytol. 789. Podophyllum 820.
Rumex crispus (?)
Sanguinaria canadensis 929.
Veratrum viride.
BILIOUS COLIC-
Esculus 41.
Collinsonia canadensis 251.
Dioscorea vil. 298,300-304,314.
Triosteum per. 1021.
Iris v.
BILIOUS FEVERS—
(See Fevers)
BORBORYGMUS-
Cactus 158. Caulophyllum 177.
Cimicifuga racemosa 220.
Dioscorea.
Gnaphalium polycephalum 473
BLENNORRHOEA - (See Gleet.)
BOILS (See Furunculus.)
BLADDER, DISEASES OF-
(See Cystic Diseases.)
BRAIN, AFFECTIONS OF-
Cactus 155. Cimicifuga 213.
Cypripedium 296.
Gelsem, 422. Gymnoclad. 484.
Lachnanthes 646.
Podophyllum 814.
Sanguinaria canadensis 917.
Veratrum viride.
Zizia.
BRONCHITIS-
Asclep. syr. 113. Ampelop 62.
Cac. gr. 161,162. Cimicif 232.
Erechth. 317. Eup. arom 345.
Eupatorium per. 357.
Galium 382. Gelsem. 451,452.
Hepatica triloba 545.
Iris versicolor 601.
Lobelia inflata 696.
Podophyllum 809,
Sanguinaria 916. Stillin. 1005.
Geran. 461. Helon. 534,536.
BRONCHIAL AFFECTIONS-
Erigeron 329. Euonymus 342.
Eupatorium per. 357.
Hepatica 544.
Rumex 904.
Trillium 1011.
BRONCHOCELE—
Phyt. 771. Podophyl.
BUBOES-
Chimaphila(?) Comocladia (?)
Phytolacca.
Sanguinaria 931.
BURNS-
Galium 381. Urtica 1105.
CACHEXIA
Asarum canadense 97.
Chelone 193. Chimaphila 196.
Corydalis formosa 289,291.
Frasera(?)
Hepatica 543.
Hydrastis 564.
Iris versicolor 610.
Phytolacca(?)
Stillingia 1005.
Xanthoxylum(?)
CAMP DIARRHŒA—
Juglans cinerea 642.
Leptandra 669,674.
CANCERS-
Chimaphila(?) Cistus(?)
Galium (?)
Hydr. 550,558-562,572,575,586.
Phytolac. 753,754,771,777,797.
Rumex cris. 896.
CANCRUM ORIS—
Baptisia tinc. 141.
Hydrastis canadensis.
Myrica cerifera 727.
Trillium 1012.
CANINE HUNGER-
Asclepias syriaca 104.
Caulophyllum 177. Collin. 251.
Eupatorium perf. 355.
Gelseminum 433.
CARDITIS-
Asclepias tuberosa 119.
Cactus grandiflorus 163.
Cimicifuga 233. Collins. 263.
Lobelia infl. 701. Verat. 1064.
1112
CLINICAL INDEX
CARDIALGIA—
Esculus hippocastanum 41.
Cauloph. 177. Cimicifuga 219.
Cornus florida 285.
Dioscorea villosa 303,305,310.
Iris versicolor 612.
Gelseminum semperv. 407,433.
Leptandra 662.
Lobelia 700.
Mitchella repens 721.
Sanguinaria.
Veratrum viride 1058.
CATARACT-
Pulsatilla Nutt. 848.
CATARRH-
Esculus hip. 38. Aralia r. 91.
Arum tri. 93,95. Asclep in. 99.
Asclepias tuberosa 115,119,120.
Baptisia 140.
Cactus 160. Cimicifuga 217.
Eupatorium arom. 345.
Geran, 463. Gels. 419,427, 451.
Hedeo. 524. Hydras. 571,586.
Leptandra 659. Lobelia 702.
Myrica cerifera 726.
Phytol. 777. Polygonum 835.
Rumex crispus 904.
Sanguinaria cana. 916,923,924.
Senecio aureus 978, 979, 987.
Sticta 997.999,1002.
CATARRH, INFLAMMATORY
Gelseminum.
Veratrum viride 1050.
CATARRH, RHEUMATIC-
Cimicifuga 218.
CATARRH OF BLADDER-
(See Cystorrhea.)
Apocynum cannabinum 74.
Chimaphila. Collins. can 254.
Erigeron.
Hamamelis 503. Hedeoma(?)
Hydrastis.
Pulsatilla n.
Senecio(?) Sticta.
CEPHALALGIA-
Escu. glab. 13. Esc. hip. 38.
Apoc. and. 88. Apoc. can. 67.
Asclep. sy. 109. Asclep. t. 117.
Baptisia tinctoria 140.
Cauloph. 176. Cimic. 215,219.
Collinson, 250, Cornus cir. 275.
¡
CEPHALALGIA-Continued.
Dioscorea villosa 310.
Erigeron 329. Eryngium 337.
Eupatorium perf. 355.
Gels. 422,423,431, Gnaph. 473.
Gymnocladia 481.
Ham. 495,510.
Hedeoma 522.
Helonias 533. Hydrastis 569.
Iris versicolor 601,606.
Juglans cinerea 641.
Lobelia 658 Lachnanthes 647.
Leptandra 661.
Nuphar lutea 744.
Phytol. 774. Puls. n. 859.862.
Sanguin. 921,922.
Triosteum 1020.
Zizia.
CEREBRITIS-
Sticta 1001.
Veratrum 1055.
CEREBRO-SP'L MENINGITIS
Baptisia tinctoria 140.
Cimicifuga racemosa 208, 209.
Eupatorium per. 346, 352, 353.
Gelseminum 405.
Lachnanthes (?)
Veratrum 1039,1040,1055.
Zizia(?)
CHANCRES-
Myrica cerifera 727.
Phytolacca dec. 792.
Phagedenic.
Sanguinaria can. 931
CHLOROSIS
Aralia racemosa 91.
Helonias dioica 531,534.
Pulsatilla Nut. 859.
Sarracenia 938.
CHOREA-
Senecio 986.
Cauloph. 174. Cerasus vir. 190.
Cım. 205-218. Cypri. 293,295.
Eupatorium arom. 344.
Gelseminum 403.
Scutell. 963,964. Sticta 1000.
Veratrum 1036-1038,1056.
CHOLERA—
Erechthites hier. 316.
Iris versicolor 615,616.
Phytolacca 791. Podoph. 826.
Zizia.
AND REPERTORY.
1113
CHOLERA Infantum.
COLIC-Flatulent.
Apocynum cannabinum 73.
Cerasus 190.
Collinsonia 251.
Cornus circinata 278.
Dioscorea villosa 301.
Euphorbia cor. 374,376.
Erigeron.
Frasera 379.
Gerani. 461,462. Gnaphal. 474.
Iris versicolor 614.
Leptandra virginica 672.
Podophyllum pelt. 826.
Rhus glab. 870.
Veratrum v.
Xanthoxylum.
Morbus,
Apocynum cannabinum 73.
Caulophyllum 171.
Dioscorea villosa 301-303.
Euphorbia cor. 376.
Gnaphalium 474,
Iris versicolor 614,615.
Myrica cerifera 726.
Phyto. 791. Podoph. 825,826.
Veratrum 1059.
Xanthoxylum.
CIRCOCELE-
Hamamelis 509,510.
Collinsonia canadensis
COLIC-
Esculus hippo. 41. Aletris 57.
Asar. 97,98. Ascle. t. 115,120.
Baptisia tinetoria 143.
Caulophyl. 171. Cimicifuga 220.
Collinsonia canad. 250,251,261.
Dioscorea villosa 302,306,314.
Eryngium aquaticum 339.
Frasera carolinensis 379.
Gelsem. 434. Gnaphalium 473.
Hedeoma 522. Helon. 527,528.
Hydrastis 578.
Iris versicolor 600,614.
Leptandra virginica 666.
Myrica cerifera 726.
Phyt. dec. 819.
Podoph. 819,
Polygonum punctatum 835.
Veratrum viride 1060.
Xanthoxylum fraxineum.
COLICA PICTONUM-
Podophyllum pel. 819.
Aletris 57. Asarum canad. 98.
Cauloph. 177. Collin. 251.
Dioscorea villosa 301.
Gelseminum semper virens 432.
Leptandra virginica 666.
Bilious.
Dioscorea.
Iris vers.
Podophyllum.
Neuralgic.
Dioscorea.
Pulsatilla Nutt.
- Senecio.
COLITIS-
Podophyllum pel. 825.
COLDS-EFFECTS OF-
Apocy. andr. 87. Aralia r. 91.
Asclepias tuberosa 120.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 357.
Gal. 382, Gel. 426. Gnaph.470.
Senecio 987. Verat. v.
Triosteum per. 1020.
COMA-
Gelseminum 423.
Gymocladus (?)
Lachnanthes (?)
CONGESTIONS-
Asclepias syr.(?)
Cactus gr. Cimif. Cornus(?)
Gelseminum s.
Gymnocladus.
Hamamelis vir. Hedeoma pul.
Iris vers.
Lachnanthes.
Lycopus.
Leptandra vir.
Phytolacca dec. Podophyllum.
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana.
Sanguinaria.
Urtica urens.
VERATRUM V.
Zizia.
of the Brain.
Asclepias syr.(?)
Cactus grand. Cimicifuga.
Gelseminum. Gymnocladus.(?)
Hamamelis vir. Hedeoma pul.
Lachnanthes, Sanguinaria.
Veratrum v.
Zizia.
74
1114
CLINICAL INDEX
CONGESTIONS.—Continued.
of Heart.
Cactus. Cimicifuga. Collinson.
Eupatorium pur.(?)
Gelseminum.
Hamamelis.
Iris vers.
Lycopus.(?)
Mitchella 723.
Podophyllum. Pulsatilla(?)
Senecio() Sanguinaria.
Trillium (?)
Veratrum v.
of Liver.
Esculus hip(?)
Cactus. Collinsonia
Gelseminum.
Helonias.
Leptandra.
Myrica.
Phytolacca. Podophyllum.
Veratrum v.
Pelvic viscera.
Esculus hip(?)
Baptisia(?)
Asarum.
Cactus. Cauloph. Cimicifuga.
Collinsonia.
Erigeron. Eupatorium pur(?)
Gelseminum. Gossipium.
Hamamelis. Hedeoma.
Podophyllum 830. Polygonum.
Veratrum v.
Uterus.
Aletris. Asclepias syr.
Baptisia.
Cactus. Cimicifuga. Collinsonia.
Erigeron. Eupatorium pur.
Gelseminum. Gossipium.
Hamamel. Hedeoma. Helonias,
Mitchella.
Podophyl. Polygon. Puls. n.
Sanguinaria. Senecio.
Trillium.
Veratrum v.
Xanthoxylum.
of Cervix Uteri.
Aletris.(?) Asclepias inc.(?)
Caulophyllum. Cimicifuga.
Pancreas.
Iris vers. 612.
CONGESTIONS of Lungs.
Apocynum can.(?) Asclep. tub.
Cactus. Cimicifuga(?)
Gelseminum.
Lobelia.
Rumex(?)
Sanguinaria. Sticta(?)
Veratrum v.
CONJUNCTIVITIS–
Gelseminum semper virens 424.
Ham. 496,497. Hydrastis 570.
Iris versicolor 608.
Phytolacca decandra 775.
Sticta pulmonaria 1002.
CONSTIPATION-
Escu. hip. 19. Aletris far. 57.
Apoc. andro. 89. Apoc. c. 73.
Asclepias syriaca 104,110.
Baptisia tinctoria 144.
Chelone 192. Chim. 199, 201.
Cimi. 220. Collin. 250-254 257.
Euonymus atropurpureus 342.
Gelseminum sempervirens 435.
Hedeoma 522. Hydr. 579-582.
Iris versicolor 595.
Juglans cinerea 622.
Mitchella repens 722.
Nabulus serpentaria 740.
Phyto. 791. Podoph. 830-832.
CONTUSIONS-
Gnaph. 470. Polyg. 835.
CONVULSIONS—
Caulophyllum Cerasus v. 190.
Cimicifuga 227.
Cypripedium.
Eupatorium aromaticum 344.
Gelseminum semp.402,406,448.
Gymnocladus (?)
Hedeoma(?)
Lachnanthes(?)
Lobelia inflata 695.
Phytolacca de. 770. Podophyl.
Scutellaria(?)
Veratrum vir. 1043,1059,1060.
Zizia.
CORNEA, OPACITY OF-
Hydrastis 570
Puls. N. 848,862.
AND REPERTORY.
1115
CORYZA-
Esculus hippocastanum 37,38.
Apocynum caun.
Cimicifuga racemosa 223. ·
Eupatorium perfoliatum 357.
Gelseminum semper. 426,427.
Hydrastis canadensis 572.
Phytolacca decandra 776.
Rumex crispus 907. Sang. 923.
Senecio 979. Sticta 999, 1002.
COUP DE SOLIEL
Gelseminum semper virens 422.
Scutellaria lateriflora 965.
Veratrum viride 1055.
COUGH-
Esculus h. 37,50. Apoc. c. 83.
Aralia 91. Asclepias syr. 104.
Asclepias tuberosa 120.
Cerasus 190. Cimicif. 229,232.
Comocladia dentata 269.
Dioscorea villosa 301.
Eryngi. 340. Eup. arom. 345.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 357.
Gal. 382. Gels. 427,451,452.
Gnaph. 470. Gymnocladus 487.
Ham. 510. Hel. 528. Hep. 543.
Leptan. 659. Lycop. 705,706,
Phyto. 799.800. Podoph. 832.
Rhus gla. 872. Rumex 905-908.
Sanguinaria 933. Senecio 987.
Sticta pulmonaria 991, 995,996.
Trillium pendulum 1017.
Veratrum v. (?)
Zizia.
Catarrhal.
Cact. 161. Cim. 229.
Hydrastis 586.
Dry.
Arum tri. 95.
Cactus grandiflor. 160.
Iris versicolor 620.
Lachnanthes tinctoria 649.
Podophyllum peltatum 832.
Rumex 904,906,908,909.
Sanguinaria canadensis.
Loose.
Apocy. can. 83. Arum tri. 95.
Eryngium 340. Eup. per. 357.
Leptandra virginica 659.
Senecio aurcus 987. Sticta.
COUGH, Hectic.
Eup. per. 357.
Sanguinaria c.
Whooping.
Arum triph. 93.
Asarum 97.
Caulophyllum thalictroides 185.
Eup. aro. 345. Euphorbia 372.
Hedeoma pulegioides 525.
Lobelia inflata 696.
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana 849.
Podophyllum peltatum 832.
Sanguinaria canadensis 916.
CRAMPS-(See Myalgia.)
of Stomach.
Arum triphyllum 94.
Collinsonia canadensis 251.
Dioscorea villosa 300,302.
Gelseminum semper virens 433.
Veratrum v.
of Pregnancy.
Caulophyllum thalictroides 174.
Cimicifuga racemosa 225.
Gelseminum semper virens 404.
CRICK IN THE BACK-
Cimicifuga.
Hamamelis virginica 572.
CROUP—
Eryngium aquaticum 338.
Gelseminum semper virens 404.
Gymnocladus canadensis 487.
Lobelia inflata 696.
Podophyllum peltatum 832.
Sanguinaria c. 916,926,927,933.
Veratrum v. (?)
TIO
CUTANEOUS AFFECTIONS-
Alnus rubra 59,60,61.
Ampelopsis quinquefolia 62.
Aralia racemosa 91.
Asarum canadensis 97.
Asclepias tuberosa 116.
Caulophyllum thalictroides 185.
Chelone glabra 192,192.
Cistus canadensis 240.
Cornus circinata 273.
Corydalis formosa 288,289,291.
Erechthites hier. 317.
Euphorbia corollata 377.
Gelseminum semper virens 456.
Iris versicolor 603,604,607,
Juglans 637,638,639,640.
1116
CLINICAL INDEX
CUTANEOUS AFF.-Continued | DEBILITY-
Lachnanthes tinctoria 475.
Lobelia inflata 686.
Nabulus 739. Nuphar
Phytolacca decandra 771,772.
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana 848,849.
Rumex crispus 896-899.
Stillingia sylvatica 1004.
Trillium pendulum 1011.
Urtica urens.
CYNANCHE-(See Angina.)
Maligna.
Baptisia (?)
Sanguinaria canaden.” 916,925.
Trillium pendulum 1012.
CYSTITIS-
Alnus rubra 59,61.
Caulophyllum thalictroides 178.
Chimaphila.
Collinsonia canadensis 250,255.
Erigeron canadensis 327.
Eupatorium purpurca 367,368.
Galium 383. Gels. 438.
Hydrastis canadensis 583.
Polygonum 035.
Senecio 983.
Veratrum viride
CYSTORRHOEA-
China 198. Collins. 250-254.
Chimaphila. Corydalis 290.
Erechthites 317. Erig. 360.
Eupatorium purpureum 360.
Senecio.
CYSTITIS-
Caulophyllum 178.
Aletris far. 58. Aralia rac. 91.
Baptisia. Collinsonia.
Cerasus vir. 190. Chelone 192.
Cimicifuga racemosa 203.
Corydalis 289. Cornus.
Eupatorium perfolia. 346,348.
Frasera 378.
Gelseminum semper virens 432.
Hel. 534. Hydras. 548,558,569.
Iris versicolor 603.
Leptandra 659. Lycopus 707.
Mitchella repens 719.
Rumex crispus 896.
Sanguinaria 919.
Veratrum viride.
DELIRIUM—
Baptisia 138. Cimicifuga.
Cactus grandiflorus.
Cypripedium 293.
Gelseminum semp. v. 421,457.
Gymnocladus (?)
Lachnanthes tinctoria 645.
Podophyllum peltatum 814.
Sanguinaria 919 Verat. Zizia.
a potu.
Cimicifuga 212.
Gelseminum 457.
DIABETES-
Chimaphila 198.
Cyprip. 293.
Cimicifuga racemosa 221.
Erigeron canadensis 314,327.
Eupatorium pur. 360,365.
Gelseminum semper v.
Helonias 536.
438.
Geranium 461,462.
Erigeron 327.
Gelseminum 438.
Hydrastis canadensis 584.
Hydrastis 583.
Veratrum v.
Lycopus vir. 706,707.
DEAFNESS-
Senecio 982.
Aralia racemosa 91.
Apocynum cannabinum 69.
Baptisia 140. Cactus g. 157
Cistus 242. Comocladia 268.
Eupatorium purpureum 362.
Gelseminum semper virens 426.
Hydrastis 569.
Lachnanthes tinctoria 649.
Rhus venenata 891.
Sanguinaria canadensis 924.
Trillium pendulum 1018.
Veratrum viride
DIPHTHERIA-
Baptisia tinctoria 142.
Cimicifuga racemosa 218.
Gelseminum 430.
Hydrastis canadensis 571,574.
Phytolacca 754,779-788.
Sanguinaria canadensis 227.
Xanthoxylum (?)
AND REPERTORY.
1117
DIARRHOEA—
Esculus hip. 42 Ampelop. 62.
Alnus rub. 61. Apoc.and. 87-89.
Apoc. can. 73. Asclep. inc. 9J.
Asclepias syriaca 110.
Asclepias tuberosa 118-120.
Baptisia tinctoria 143,144.
Cactus gr. 159. Cerasus v. 190.
Chim. 198. Cimicifuga 220.
Cistus 244. Collin. 251,261,262,
Cornus cir. 272,278. Coryd. 289.
Erechthites hieraci. 317.
Erigeron canadensis 319,325.
Eryng. 339. Euporb. 376,378.
Frasera 378.
Gelseminum sem. 418,435,487.
Geranium macul. 461,462,463.
Gnaph. 470,474.
Hamamelis 488,501. Hed."522.
Helonias 533.
Hydrastis 578,583.
Iris versicolor 608,614,616,617.
Juglans 622,642.
Leptandra 662,668,-672,674.
Lycopus 705,706.
Mitchella repens 713,714,722.
Myrica 727.
Nabulus serpentaria 738,740.
Nuphar lutea 745,746,747.
Nymphæa odorata 749.
Phytol. 791. Podo. 824,825,827.
Pulsatilla N. 864.
Rhus venenata 870,871.
Rumex crispus 896,902,903.
Sang. 923-930. Senecio 978.981.
Tril. 1011,1012. Trios. 1021.
Urtica urens.
Veratrum viride 1059.
Bilious.
Apocynum cannabium 72.
Apocynum androsemif. 89.
Collinsonia 251, 261.
Cornus circinata 277, 278.
Dioscorea 311.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 356.
Gelseminum 433, 437.
Iris. Juglans 642.
Leptandra 666.
Phytolacca 790. Podoph. 823.
DIARRHEA.-Continued.
Chronic.
Alnus 61. Ampelopsis 63.
Apocynum cannabinum 72.
Baptisia 144. Cistus 244.
Collinsonia canadensis 261.
Leptandra 668. Geranium 464.
of Children.
Cimicifuga racemosa 220.
Collinsonia 251.
Euphorbia 376.
Eryngium aquaticum 339.
Gelseminum. Gnaphalium 473.
Colliquative.
Euphorbia 376. Euonymus 343.
Frasera 379. Gnaphalium 474.
Myrica 727.
with Griping.
Apocynum cannabinum 72.
Gnaphalium 474. Iris 613.
Juglans 642. Leptandra 666.
Nuphar 744. Phytolacca 790.
Podophyllum 828.
Pulsatilla 863. Rhus v. 892.
Painful.
Apocynum androsemifolium 89.
Cactus 158. Collinsonia 251.
Painless.
Asclepias syriaca 109.
Caulophyllum 177.
Gelseminum 434.
Light.
:
Hydrastis 579. Myrica 730.
Rhus venenata 892.·
Mucous.
Asclepias tuberosa 118.
Cactus 158.
Collinsonia 251.
Erechthites 317.
Eryngium 339. Iris 613.
Leptandra 666. Sarracenia 960.
Senecio 981. Podophyllum 823.
Polygonum 844.
in Morning.
Cactus 158. Cimicifuga 220.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 356.
Gnaphalium 474. Nuphar 745.
Podophyllum 823.
Rumex 902.
Phytolacca 790.
Senecio 981.
1118
CLINICAL INDEX
DIARRHEA.—Continued.
at night.
Caulophyllum 177. Iris 614.
Phytolacca 799.
Constipation alterna. with.
Apocynum cannabinum 73.
Apocynum androsemif 89.
Cimicifuga rac. 220. Iris 613.
Podophyllum 824.
of Undigested Food.
Iris 613. Phytolacca 790.
Podophy. 824. Sanguin. 930
Watery.
Ampelopsis 62.
Apocynum cannabinum 72.
Cactus grandiflorus 158.
Collinsonia canadensis 251.
Erechthies 317. Caul. 177.
Euphorbia corollata 375.
Gnaphalium polyceph. 474.
Iris versicolor 613.
Leptandra 666. Phyto. 790,
Sanguinaria canadensis 930
Senecio 981. Podoph. 23.
Vomiting, with.
Apocynum cannabinum 72.
Apocynum androsemif 89.
Asclepias syriaca 109,
Baptisia 144. Collins. 251.
Euphor. 375. Gnaphalium 474.
Euphorbia 345, Iris 613.
Phytolacca 762. Podoph 823
Brown.
Asclepias syriaca 109.
Baptisia 144. Caulophy. 177.
Cornus 279. Gnaph. 474.
Leptandra 667. Podoph. 824.
Senecio 981.
White.
Caulophy, 177. Lobelia 694.
Rhus ven. 872.
Podoph. 823.
Yellow.
Asclepias syriaca 109.
Asclepias tuberosa 118.
Cistus 244.
Dioscorea 311.
Gelseminum 433. Iris 613.
Leptandra 666. Nuphar 744.
Podophyllum 823. Polyg. 844.
Senecio 981.
DIARRHEA.-Continued.
Blackish.
Cactus grandiflorus 158.
Dioscorea villosa 311.
Gnaphalium 474. Lept. 667.
Podophyllum 827.
Green.
Asclepias tuberosa 118.
Cornus 279.
Hydrastis 579.
Iris 613. Podophyllum 823.
Polygonum 844,
DILATATION OF VEINS.
Lycopus 707.
DIPLOPIA-—
Cactus grandiflorus (?)
Cimicifuga racemosa 217.
Gelseminum 425.
Gymnocladus canadensis (?)
Lachnanthes (?) Veratrum v.
DREAMS, TROUBLESOME.
Baptisia 138.
Hydrastis 569.
Lobelia 688.
Phytolacca 773.
Eryngium 337.
Juglans 540.
Mitchella 719.
Polygo. 843
Rumex 899. Sanguinaria 919
DROPSY
Aletris farinosa.
Ampelopsis quinquefolia 63.
Apocynum can. 66,67,70,74-80.
Apocynum androsemifolium 90.
Asclepias syriaca 102,104,111.
Cactus grandiflorus 169.
Caulophyllum thalictroides 171.
Chimaphila um. 195,197-201.
Collin. 250: Coryd. 289.
Comocladia (?)
Erigeron 319,327. Eryng, 331.
Euonymus 342. Eup.per. 358.
Eup. pur. 359-367. Euphor. 372.
Galium 381. Gelseminum 438
Hedeoma (?)
Helonias 533,534.
Iris versicolor 561,618.
Leptandra 675.
Mitchella repens 713.
Phytolacca decandra (?)
Rhus glabra 870. Rhus ven(?)
Senecio 982-984. Sarracenia(?)
Veratrum viride 1052.
AND REPERTORY.
1119
DIURESIS-
Asclepias syriaca 110.
Apocy. can. 74. Apocy. an. 80.
Corydalis formosa 290.
Erigeron canadense 326
Eupatorium purpureum 363.
Gelseminum semper v. 438.
Helonias dioica 536.
Senecio aureus 981.
Veratrum viride
DYSENTERY-
Esculus 49.
Apocy. an. 86. Asclep. inc. 99.
Asclepias tub. 115.
Baptisia 144,145.
Cerasus vir. 190.
Cistus 244.
Collinsonia canadensis 251-261.
Cornus c. 278,279. Coryd. 289.
Disocorea vil. 303.
Erech. 316. Erigeron 319,325.
Euphorbia cor. 374,377.
Gelseminum 419,420,435,436.
Geran. 461-463. Gnaph. 470.
Ham. 488-500. Hydras. 582,583.
Iris ver. 601,617.
Juglans 622,642.
Lept. 668,671-673. Lycop. 707.
Myrica cer. 726,727.
Nabulus 738,740. Nymph. 749.
Podophyl. 825. Phytolac. 791·
Rhus gl. 870,871, Rumex 896.
Sang. 916,930. Senecio 981.
Trillium pend. 1012.
Urtica urens 1105.
Veratrum viride 1059.
DYSPNEA.---
Asclep. sy. 104. Asclep. t. 114.
Baptisia 146.
Cactus grandiflorus 160.
Cistus canadensis 245.
Comocladia 270.
Eupatorium per. 357.
Eryngium aquaticum 340.
Gelseminum semp. 451.
Hamamelis 510.
Lachnanthes 650.
Lobelia inflata 696.
Rumex crispus 909.
Sanguinaria can. 916,933.
DYSPEPSIA-
Æsculus glab. 18,41.
Aletris farinoa 57.
Aslepias syr. 104,110
Alnus rubra 61.
Asar. c. 97.
Asclepias tuberosa 120.
Baptisia tine. 143.
Cauloph. 177. Cerasus vir. 190.
Chelone 191,192.
Collinsonia can. 253
Cornus circinata 272,277.
Cornus florida 286.
Cypripedium 295. Euonymus.
Eupatorium per. 346,348,356.
Helonias dioica 528,531,534.
Hepatica triloba 543,
Hydr. 550,573,574,575,579.
Iris versicolor 611,616.
Leptandra 662.
Lobelia 691,692,693,700,701.
Lycopus virginicus 705,706.
Phytolacca.
Podophyllum 817,818.
Rhus glabrum 870.
Rumex cris. 846, 901.
Sanguinaria 916, 920.
Triosteum per. 1021.
Veratrum 1058.
DYSURIA—
Apocynum cannabin. 74.
Asclep. in. and Asclep, tub. (?)
Asclep. syr. 104.
Cactus gr, 159.
Caulophyllum 178.
Chimaphila 199,201.
Erigeron 319,320.
Eupatorium purp. 363.
Eupatorium per. 357.
Galium 382,383.
Gelseminum (?)
Hamamelis 502.
Hedeoma 523.
Helonias 534.
Iris versicolor 618.
Mitchella repens 714.
Phytolacca 791.
Pulsatilla Nuttal. 864.
Sarracenia 961.
Senecio 981.
1120
CLINICAL INDEX
DYSMENORRHŒA—
Esculus hippocastanum 50.
Asclepias incarnata (?)
Asclepias syriaca 113.
Aletris far. 57.
Asarum (?)
Baptisia 145.
Cactus grandiflorus 160.
Caulophyllum 178,181.
Collinsonia 253,255,257.
Cimicifuga racemosa 221,223.
Cornus 286.
Cypripedium (?)
Dioscorea villosa 301.
Eupatorium perf. 370.
Gossyp. 477,480.
Gelseminum 442.
Hamamelis 505.
Hedeoma pulegioides 524.
Helonias 528,538.
Iris versicolor 601.
Mitchella (?)
Podophyllum (?) Pulsatil. N.
Polygonum.
Phytolacca 794.
Sanguinaria 933.
Scutellaria (?) Senecio 987.
Trillium pendulum.
Veratrum(?)
Xanthoxylum.
DUODENTITIS-
Iris ver. 611.
Podophyllum peltatum (?)
Pulsatilla nut. 826.
ECCHYMOSESON EYE-BALLS
Erigeron can. 324.
Hamamelis 496.
ENTERITIS—
Apoc. andr. 87. Asclep. s. 118.
Baptisia tinctoria 132,143,144.
Cornus cir. 279.
Euphorbia corollata 376.
Gelseminum 434.
Hydrastis 578,579.
Iris versicolor 616.
Leptandra 666.
Lycopus virginicus 707.
Phytolacca d. 790, 791.
Podophyllum peltatum 809,827
Sanguinaria. 929.
ECZEMA-(See Eruptions.)
ELEPHANTIASIS
(See Erup,
Stillingia sylvatica 1004.
ENTERO-COLITIS-
Leptandra 674.
Nuphar lutea 744,746.
ENURESIS-
Cactus 159.
Eupatorium purp. 360.
Gelseminum 438,439.
Geranium maculatum 462.
Podophyllum pel. 827,828.
Polygonum 844.
Sanguinaria can. 931
Stillingia 1004.
ENTERALGIA-(See Colic)
Dioscorea villosa 303,305.
EPILEPSY-
Caul. 171,174. Cimici. 227.
Cornus florida 285,286.
Cypripedium pubesc. 293,294.
Galium 403. Gymnocladus (?)
Lachnanthes (?)
Polygonum 835. Podoph, 808.
Veratrum viride 1059.,
Zizia.
ERUPTIONS-
Agave (?) Alnus (?) 60.
Ampelopsis 63.
Apocynum cannabinum 56.
Asclepias tuberosa 116.
Chimaphila 195. Cimicifu.211
Cistus 247.
Cornus 273.
Comocladia dentata 267,271,
Corydalis 291.
Euonymus (?) Euphorbia 372.
Gelseminum semp. v. 456.
Gymnocladus (?)
Hydrastis can. 564.
Iris versicolor 607.
Juglans 637.
Lachnanthes (?) 645.
Lobelia infl. 686.
Nabulus 739. Nuphar 742.
Phytollacca 772.
Pulsatilla N. 860. Rhus g.871.
Rumex c. 898. Rhus v. 889.
Sarracenia 946. Sanguin. 919.
Stillingia. Urtica.
Veratrum viride. Zizia.
AND REPERTORY.
1121
ERUPTIONS.-Continued.
Ecthyma.
Cistus 217.
Juglans 638.
Eczema.
Stillingia sylvatica (?)
Iris versicolor.
Juglans cinerea.
Comocladia
Rhus venenata.
Exanthematous.
Baptisia 130.
Cimicifuga racemosa 209, 211.
Gelseminum 456.
Hydrastis canadensis
564.
Juglans 638.
Podophyllum 813.
Sarracenia 946,960.
Veratrum v. 1051.
Xanthoxylum
--Elephantiasis.
Comocladia(?)
Rhus ven, (?)
Stillingia sylvatica 1004.
-Ephelis.
Caulophyllum.
Erysipelatous.
Aralia r. 91.
Alnus rubra 59.
Cistus can. 247.
·
Comocladia dentata 267.
Enphorbia corollata 377.
Gelseminum 456.
Gymnocladus 487.
Hydrastis 563,568.
Juglans cinerea 637.
Lobelia 688.
Polygonum 835.
Rhus venenata 889.
Veratrum viride 1053.
Erythema.
Comocladia dentata (?)
Gelseminum semper v. 428,456.
Juglans cinerea 637.
Rhus ven. 890.
Zizia.
Favus.
Phytolacca(?)
Iris v.(?)
ERUPTIONS.—Continued.
Herpes.
Alnus rubra 60.
Aralia racemosa 91. .
Cistus canadensis 247.
Comocladia 267.
Juglans cinerea 640.
Lobelia inflata 688.
Phytolacca decandra 772.
--Icthyosis.
Alnus(?) Phytol.(?) Stillingia(?)
Impetigo
Alnus 60,61. Juglans 638.
-Intertrigo.
Hydrastis 563.
Itch,
Asclep. in. 99.
Lobelia 686. Phytolacca 772.
Lepra.
Comocladia 266.
Lichen.
Corydalis 290.
Lupus.
Papulous.
Hydrastis 563. Phytolacca.
Cimicifuga 211
Gelsem. 455.
Lachnanthes 645. Lobelia 688.
Puls. N. Urtica,
Pemphigus.
Comocladia. Juglans.
Rhus venenata.
Pityriasis.
Alnus (?) Ampelopsis (?)
Nuphar lutea 743.
Phytolacca (?) Stillingia (?)
Petechia.
Baptisia (?) Comocladia (?)
Hedeoma (?) Rhus (?)
Porrigo.
Alnus 61 Comocladia (?)
Juglans (?) Rhus ven. (?)
Pustulous.
Asclepias tuberosa 116.
Cimicifuga 211. Euphorb. 372.
Iris versicol. 603. Juglans 637
Sarracenia 946.
Prurigo.
Alnus 61. Apoc. and. 88.
Collinsonia (?)
75
1122
CLINICAL INDEX
ERUPTIONS.—Continued.
Psoriasis.
Apoc. can. 66. Nuphar 742.
Phytolacca (?)
Syphilitic.
Alnus 60. Ampelop. 63.
Corydalis (?) 287. Phytolacca.
EPISTAXIS—
Cactus 157. Erechthites 317.
Erigeron 324.
Gelseminum 427.
Geranium maculatum 461.
Hamamelis vir. 492,495.
Sanguinaria canaden. 918,924.
Asclep. syr. 112.
Cistus (?)
Lycopus virginicus.
Pulsatilla 861.
Rhus ven. 881.
Trillium 1012.
Stillingia.
Purpura.
Baptisia (?) Erigeron (?)
Hamamelis (?) Hedeoma (?)
Roseola.
Gelseminum (?) Urtica urens.
Scabies. (See Itch.)
Squamous.
Ampelopsis (?) Hydrastis 563.
Phytolacca (?) Rhus ven. 889.
Sanguinaria 919.
Sycosis.
Juglans(?)
Tinea.
Phytolacca 772.
Pulsatilla N.
↑
Urticaria.
Lobelia 687.
Pulsatilla 861.
Cimicifuga racemosa 211.
Sanguinaria canadensis 919.
Urtica urens.
Vesiculous.
Asclepias tuber. 116.
Comocladia 267. Chim.
Chim. 195,
Euphorbia 372 Juglans (?)
Lobelia 686.
Rhus ven. 889.
Zoster.-(Shingles.)
Cistus 247.
Comocladia 267.
Phytolacca 772. Rhus venen.
ERYSIPELAS-(See Eruptions.
Alnus rubra 59.
Aralia racemosa 91.
Comocladia dentata 267,272.
Euphorbia corollata 375.
Gelseminum 418,428,457.
Gymnocladus 487.
Hydrastis can. 568.
Podophyllum 813,
Rbus venenata. Zizia.
Veratrum viride 1053.
Veratrum viride.
Hæmorrhoidal.
Esculus hip. 42.
Collinsonià canadensis 252.
Hamamelis 493. Podophyl. (?)
ERYTHEMA—(See Eruptions.)
Gelseminum 428.
EUSTACHIAN TUBE-
Obstructions of.
Phytolacca dec.
Cistus (?) Gelseminum (?)
Hydrastis (?) Pulsatilla N.
EXANTHEMATA-
(See Fevers, Exanthematous.)
Hydrastis can. 564.
Veratrum viride 1051.
EXCORIATIONS—
Comocladia (?)
Hydrastis can. 564, 583.
Juglans (?) Rhus ven.
EYES, DISEASES OF—
(See Opthalmia.)
Pulsatilla Nutt. 848,849.
Catarrh of
Pulsatilla Nut. 862.
Neuralgia of
Cactus (?) Cimicifuga (?)
Gelseminum semp. 427.
Iris versicolor 606.
Lachnanthes (?)
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana 862.
Hydrastis (?) Senecio (?)
Zizia (?)
(?)
FATTY DEGEN. OF KIDNEYS
(See Bright's disease.)
FELON-(See Paronychia.)
AND REPERTORY.
1123
FÆCES.
Diarrhaic. (See Diarrhea)
Dysenteric. (See Dysentery)
qualities of,
(when not diarrhoeic or dys-
enteric).
Acrid.
Hydrastis 579.
Black and Hard.
Esculus hip. 42.
Dioscorea villosa 311.
Brown and Soʻt.
Asclepias syriaca 109.
Black and Soft.
Esculus hip. 42.
Asclepias tub. 118. Lept. 666.
Bilious.
Apocynum cann. 72.
Cornus c. 278. Eup. perf. 357.
Gels. 433. Juglans 642.
Copious.
Esculus hip 43.
Clammy.
Asclepias tub. 118.
Dark colored.
Caul. 177. Cornus c. 278.
Eryngium 339. Gnaph. 472.
Ham. 497. Rhus ven. 892.
Rumex c. 901. Sarrace. 960.
Senecio 981.
Eggs, like spoiled
Asclepias tub. 118.
Frothy.
Asclepias tub. 118.
Green (tea color).
Asclepias tub. 118. Gels. 434.
Hydrastis 579. Iris 613.
Podo. 823. Polyg. 844.
-- Hard and Dry (or Scybala)
Cim. rac. 220. Collins. 251.
Cornus c. 279. Erigeron 325.
Eryn. 339. Iris 613. Lept. 666
Phyt. 790. Puls. nuttall. 863.
Senecio 981.
Mucus, covered with,(slimy).
Collins. 251. Cornus c. 278.
Ham. 497. Lept. 666.
Phyt. 757. Podo. 824.
Polyg. 844. Puls. Nutta. 863.
Sarrac. 960.
FÆCES.-Continued.
(Soft and mushy-papescent
Esculus hip. 43.
Asclepias syr. 110.
Dioscorea villossa 311.
Erigeron 325. Gels. 434.
Ham. 497. Hydr. 579.
Iris 613. Lept. 666. Lob. 694.
Phyt. 790. Podo. 823.
Puls Nutta. 863.
Streaked with blood.
Iris 613. Phytolacca.
Senecio 981.
Scanty.
Rumex c. 901.
Undigested.
Sang. 930.
Erigeron 325. Iris 613.
Puls. (?).
White or light colored.
Esculus hippocastanum 42.
Asclepia tuberosa 118.
Caulophyl. 177. Dioscorea 311
Hydrastis 579. Lobelia 694.
Podophyllum 824. Rhus v.892
Yellowish.
Asclepias s. 109.
Cistus 244.
Asclep. t.118
Dioscorea v. 311.
Iris v. 613.
Podophyllum 823
Senecio 981
Gelseminum 433.
Leptandria 666.
FEVERS-
Nuphar 744.
Esculus hip. 37.
Apocynum cann, 67.
Apocynum andr. 87.
Asarum canadense 97.
Asclepias incarnata 100.
Asclepias syr. 108,
Asclepias tub. 115.
Baptisia tine. 129. Cactus 154.
Cimicifuga 207. Cistus 247.
Cerarus vir. 188.
Chelone 191,192.
Chimaphila 197. Cornus 273.
Eryngium 331.
Eupatorium perf. 346,351.
Eup. pur. 359. Euphorbia 372.
Frasera 379.
Galium 382.
Gelsemium 389,410,414,457.
Gnaphalium 470.
1124
CLINICAL INDEX
FEVERS.-Continued.
Hedeoma 521. Helonias 528.
Hepatica 543. Hydrastis 550.
Iris. 605.
Lachn. 646.
Lept. 660.
Lycop. 705.
Lobelia 685.
Podo. 810,811. Phyt. (?)
Triosteum 1020.
Veratrum 1044.
Xanthoxylum.
Bilious.
Apocynum androsemif 87, 89.
Baptisia 130.
Cornus florida 274.
Eupatorium per. 347, 556,
Gelseminum semper v. 410.
Iris versicolor 605.
Juglans 640.
Leptandra 654, 661.
Podo. 811, 812. Phytolacca (?)
Triosteum (?)
Verat 1045.
Bilious remittent.
Cornus florida 282. Gels. (?)
Podophyllum 811. Sang. (?)
Congestive.
Baptisia 130.
Cornus 285.
Eupatorium perfoliatum.
Verat 1045.
Xanthoxylum (?)
Catarrhal.
Apocy. a. 87. Esculus hip. 37,
Apocynum c, 67. Asclep. t. 120.
Arum triphyl. 94. Asarum 97.
Baptisia 130, 138.
Cactus 155.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 357.
Gelseminum 410, 450
Senecio 980. Sticta 995.
Veratrum viride (?)
Exanthematous.
Asarum (?) Arum triphyllum.
Baptisia 130.
Cimicifuga 209, 211.
Gelseminum 456.
Hydrastis 563.
Podophyllum 813.
Juglans(?)638, Sarra. 946,960,
Veratrum viride. Xanthox. (?)
1 FEVERS.—Continued.
Eruptive.-(See Exanthem.)
Gastric,
Asclepias tuberosa.
Baptisia 133, 136, 137.
Cactus grandiflorus 155.
Cimicifuga 220. Cornus 273.
Eupatorium perfoliatum.
Gelseminum 440.
Hedeoma 521.
Helonias 533. Hydrastis 558.
Iris versicolor.
Podophyllum.
Triosteum 1020.
Veratrum viride.
Hectic.
Asarum 97.
Chimaphila 197.
Gels. 418. Lach. (?) 646.
Rhus gl. 870,871. Lycopus (?)
Sanguinaria canadens 918.
- Inflammatory.
Apocy. a. 87. (?) Asarum 97.
Baptisia (?)
Cactus 155.
Gelseminum 440.
Veratrum viride.
Intermittent.
67.
Esculus hip 37.
Aletris farinsoa 56,
Apocynum cann.
Apocynum andr 87.
Asclepias tub. 117.
(?)
Asarum 97. Cactus grand. 155.
Cerasus vir. 189.
Chelone 193.
Cimicifuga 211.
Chimaph. 197. Cornus c. 274.
Cornus florida 281,282,284.
Eupator. perf. 346,347,348,349,
350.
Euony. 342. Eupa. arom. 343.
Frasera 379. Gossypium 479.
Gymnocladus 487.
Gels. 411,412,413,414,415.
Hydrastis 557,558
Leptandra 660. Lobe. 685,686
Lycopus 706,707.
Podophyllum 811,812.
Verat. 1045. Xanthoxylum
AND REPERTORY.
1125
FEVERS.-Continned.
Irritative.
Baptisia, Comocladia (?)
Euphorbia 376. Gelsem. 407.
Lach. 646 (?), Podo. 812.
Rhus vene. (?) Sanguin. (?)
Veratrum 1044
- Infantile remittent.
Gelseminum 410, 411, 457.
Leptandra 661.
Podophyllum 812.
Veratrum 1044.
Nervous.
Cypripedium 293.
Eupatorium aromatic (?)
Lachnanthes.
Scutellaria (?)
Puerpural.
Aralia (?)
Cimicifuga,
Baptisia (?)
Hedeoma (?)
Veratrum viride 1060.
Remittent.
Cerasus vir. 189.
Cornus fl, 281,282.
Cornus c. 274. Eupa. per. 346.
Gymno. 487. Gels. 410,411.
Iris 605. Juglans 640.
Lept. 661. Lachn. 646.
Podo. pelt. 812. Sang. 918.
Veratrum vir. 1045.
Rheumatic.
Apocynum andr. (?)
Asclepias tub. (?)
Baptisia 130. Cimicifuga 208.
Cactus 155. Galium 383 (?)
Gels. 418. Iris 605, Puls. (?)
Phytolacca. Rhus (?)
Veratrum.
Spotted or Petechial.
(Cerebro-Spinal.)
Baptisia.
Trio. (?)
Cimicifuga racemosa 208.
Gelseminum 416.
Eupatorium p. 346, 352, 353.
Veratrum viride.
Xanthoxylum.
Zizia.
FEVERS.-Continued.
Scarlet:
Arum trip. 95. Comocladia (?)
Gels. 417. Gymnn. 487.
Juglans (?) Rhus (?) Urtica (?)
Veratrum (?).
Typhus.
Asclepias 104.
Baptisia 126, 140.
Chimaphila 197.
Cypriped. 295. Comocladia (?)
Eupatorium perfoliatum 346.
Gelsemium 457, 421.
Iris 617.
Podophyllum 812.
Rhus glab. 870. Rhus v. (?)
Xanthoxylum.
Typhoid.
Asarum 97. Baptisia 130.
Chimaph. 197. Cerasus v.189.
Cimicifuga 212. Cornus fl. 282.
Cypripedium 295.
Gels. 415,416,457,421.
Gymno. 487. Iris 605.
Lept. 654,660. Lachn. 646.
Myrica 726. Podo. 812, 827.
Triosteum 1020.
Verat. vir. 1023,1047,1048.
Xanthoxylum.
Verminous.
Apocynum androsemif 89.
Euphorbia 376.
Gelseminum.
Yellow.
Apocynum androsemif 87.
Cimicifuga 208.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 346.
Gelseminum 416.
Veratrum viride 1045.
FISTULA-
Myrica 727. (?)
in Ano.
Collinsonia (?)
Hydrastis (?)
Phytolacca 791.
Sanguinaria (?)
of Mamma.
Phytolacca.
Hydrastis (?)
1126
CLINICAL INDEX
FLATULENCE-
Esculus hip. 42. Arum tr. 94.
Apocynum cann. 71.
Asclepias tub. 120. Bapt. 143
Cactus 158. Caul. 177.
Cistus 244.
Comoc. 269.
Collins. 251,254.
Cornus c. 279.
Cimicifuga rac. 220.
Diosc. 300,301. Gels. 434.
Gnaph. 472. Hydr. 575.
Iris v. 613. Juglans 641.
Lach. 650. Phyt. 789.
Polygonum 844.
Rumex 902. Sang 930.
FURUNCULUS--
Asclepias s. 108. Erigeron 319.
Gnaph. 470. Hamamelis.
Iris ver. Nymph. 749.
Phyto. 772. Sanguin. 919.
Stillingia (?).
FUNGOUS GROWTHS-
Podophyllum 814.
Sanguinaria 919, 923.
GANGRENE-
Baptisia (?)
Frasera 379 (?)
Rhus glabrum (?)
Xanthoxylum (?)
GASTRODYNIA-
Gelseminum 443.
Iris versicolor 612.
Phytolacca 767.
GASTRALGIA—
Asclepias tuberosa 118.
Gelseminum 433, 442.
Dioscorea 302.
Helonias 527.
Lobelia 691.
GASTRITIS-
GALL STONES, EXPULSION.
Podophyllum peltatum 821,822
GASTRIC DERANGEMENT-
Aletris farinosa 57.
Apocynum andr. 89.
Asclepias syr. 109.
Asclepias tub. 120.
Frasera 379.
Helonias 533.
Gels. 432.
Hydrastis 550,569,575.
Iris ver. 603,611,617.
Phytolacca 789.
Polygonum hyd. 843.
Triosteum 1021.
Sanguinaria 928. Lept 662.
Veratrum vir. 1058.
GINGIVITIS-
Sanguinaria 925.
GLEET-
Alnus rubra 59,61.
Asclepias syr. 104,112.
Chimaphila 198,200.
Cimicifuga rac. 221.
Coryda. 289. Collinsonia 258.
Erechth. hier 317. Eryng. 331.
Erigeron 327. Eup. purp 360.
Gelsem. 441. Geran. 461,462.
Hamamelis 488,509.
Hedeoma 523. Hydrastis (?)
Podophyl. 828. Phytolac. 792.
Stillingia (3) Trillium 1013.
GLOBUS HYSTERICUS.
(See Hysteria.)
GLOSSITIS
Arum tri. 95.
GOUTY AFFECTIONS--
Apocy. andr. 90.
Eupatorium perf. 346.
Eupatorium pur. 360,361.
Veratrum v.
Chimaphila (?) Corydalis (?)
Iris vers (?)
Veratrum 1058.
Leptandra 662.
GOITRE.
Esculus hippocastanum 41.
Euphorbia 376.
Hedoma 522.
Hydrastis 575.
Iris versicolor 611.
Lycopus 707.
Podophyllum peltatum 809,818.
Sanguinaria 927, 928.
Veratrum 1058.
Phytolacca 771.
Podophyllum 817.
GRANULATED KIDNEY –
(See Bright's disease.)
GRANULAR CONJUCTIVITIS
Phytolacca 776,775.
Sanguinaria 924.
AND REPERTORY.
1127
GONORRHOEA —
Alnus ruba 61.
Asclepias inc. 100.
Asclepias syr. 104.112.
Caulophyllum 185.
Chimaphila 198.
Erigeron can. 327.
Eryngium aquaticum 331,339.
Geranium 462,
Gelseminum 448.
Hedeoma 523.
Hydrastis canadensis 583.
Hamamelis 503,509.
Iris versicolor 619.
Lobelia inflata 695.
Nymphæa odorata 749.
Phytolacca 792.
Podophyllum 828.
Rhus glab. 870,871.
Sanguinaria 931.
Stillingia 1004. Senecio 985.
GRAVEL (Calculi).
Alnus rubra 59,61.
Chimaphila 198,201.
Collinsonia 250,25 I
Corydalis formosa 289.
Erigeron 319,327.
Eupatorium perf. 359,360.
Eryngium 331.
Eupatorium arom. 344.
Frasera 379.
Galium 381.
Gossypium 476. Podophyllum.
GUMS, INFLAMMATION OF
Cimicifuga 218.
Eupatorium aromaticum (?)
Helonias (?) Hydrastis 572.
Myrica cerifera 727.
Phytolacca (?)
HÆMOPTYSIS-
Cactus 161. Collinsonia 258.
Erigeron canadense 329
Gal. 381, Gels. (?) Ger. 462.
Hamamelis 488,493,510,511.
Hepatica triloba 543,514.
Lycopus 704,705,
Sanguinaria can. 918,935.
Senecio aureus 987,989.
Sticta (?) Trillium 1011,1017.
Veratrum v.
HÆMATEMESIS-
Cactus grandiflorus 157.
Erigeron 325. Eryngium 338.
Hamamelis 488,494,497,498.
Lycopus virginicus 706.
Rumex crispus 896.
Rumex 896. Sanguinaria.
Veratrum v,
HÆMORRHOIDS—
Esculus 19,44,49.
Chelone 191.
Cactus 159.
Collinsonia 250, 254.
Dioscorea villosa 311.
Erechthites hier. 317.
Erigeron 319,325. Eryn. 331.
Galium 382. Geranium 461.
Gnaphal. 470.
Hamame. 488.
Hydrastis 580,583. Iris (?)
Leptandra 671. Lobelia 686.
Phytolacca 755,791.
Podophyllum 826,830
Polygonum 835,844.
Rhus glab. 870,871.
Sanguinaria 930.
Trillium 1010,1012.
Veratrum v. Urtica urens.
HÆMORRHAGES-
Alnus 61. Apocy. can. 73.
Cerasus 190. Cactus.
Cimicifuga 224. Collins. 258.
Erechthites 317.
Erigeron 320,324,325,327.
Galium 381,382. Gels. 433.
Geran. 461,462. Gnaph. 470.
Ham. 488,491 493,496,498,503
506,508,511.
Iris ver. 619. Helonias 537.
Lobelia 694. Lycopus 706.
Rhus gla. 870. Sang. 918,922.
Senecio 988.
Trillium 1013,1014,1016.
Veratrum viride.
HEMATURIA-
Alnus rubra 61. Cactus 159.
Chimaph, 198. Erigeron 327.
Erech. (3) Eupat. pur. 360.
Geraninm 461,462.
Hamamelis 503. Puls. Nut. (?)
Trillium 1013.
1128
CLINICAL INDEX
HEART AFFECTIONS—
Cactus gr. 162,166,169.
Cimicif. 233,234. Collins. 263.
Gelseminum semper v. 407.
Lopt.675.(?) Lycjp.705,706,712
Lobelia inflata (?)
Rumex (?) Sanguinaria (?)
Veratrum viride 1064.
HEPATIC DIFFICULTIES-
Apocynum androsemif. 87, 89.
Baptisia tinctoria 144.
Chelone 191, 192.
Dioscorea villosa 301.
Euonymus 342.
Eupatorium perf. 346.
Hepatica 543. Hydras 575.576.
Iris versicolor 603, 605, 613.
Leptandra 663, 665, 675.
Myrica.
Phytolacca 789.
Podophyllum 814, 821,822,826.
Sanguinaria 929. Stillingia 100+
HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS-
Apocynum cannabinum 77.
HEPATIC CONGESTION-
Cornus 274.
Leptandra 662, 664.
Podophyllum 820, 821.
HEPATIZATION OF LUNGS.
Cactus grandiflorus 161.
Sanguinaria 933.
HERPES CIRCINATUS--
(See Eruptions.)
Alnus 61.
Euphorbia.
HERNIA STRANGULATED—
Gelseminum 434.
Lobelia 697.
HERPES-(See also Eruptions).
Cerasus 190.
Cornus 273,276.
Erechthites hier. 317
Lobelia 688.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 356.
Phyto. 755,772.
Rumex 896.
HEMIPLEGIA—
Sanguinaria cana. 919,936.
Phytolacca.
HEADACHE –
Bilious.
Esculus hippocastanum 38.
Apocynum androsemif. 88, 89.
Baptisia 140.
Cornus 275.
Leptandra 661.
Triosteum 1020.
Catarrhal.
Esculus hippocastanum 38.
Cimicifuga 215.
Phytolacca d. 774.
Senecio 980.
Sticta 1001,
Congestive.
Apocynum androsemif. 88.
Baptisia tinctoria 140.
Cactus grandiflor. 156.
Gelseminum semper virens 423.
Veratrum viride 1055.
Gastric,
Esculus hip. 38.
Asclepias tuberosa 117.
Collinsonia 251.
Gnaphalium polycephalum 473.
Hedeoma 522.
Iris versicolor 606.
Podophyllum (?) Pulsatilla 861.
Hemorrhoidal.
Esculus hip. 38.
Collinsonia 251.
Podophyllum peltatum.
Myalgic.
Hydrastis (?)
Sanguinaria 922.
Nervous.
Asclepias syriaca 109.
Baptisia tinctoria 140.
Cimicifuga racemosa 215.
Cypripedium 293.
Gelseminum semper virens 422.
Gnaphalium 473.
Phytolacca decandra 774.
Scutellaria 968.
Rheumatic.
Apocynum audrosemif. 88.
Baptisia 140.
+
Cactus 156. Caulophyllum 176.
Pulsatilla 861.
Phytolac. 774.
AND REPERTORY.
1129
HEMICRANIA
Apocynum 88.
Cypripedium 293.
Eupatorium per. 355.
Gelseminum 122.
Iris versicolor 606.
Pulsatilla 861.
Triosteum 1020.
HEPATITIS-
Chelone 191.
Euphorbia cor. 373.
Hepatica 543 (?)
Hydrastis 576.
Leptandra 665.
Myrica cerifera.
Phytolacca.
Podophyllum peltatum 820,821.
Veratrum viride.
HOARSENESS-
Arum triphyllum 95.
Baptisia 146.
Cimicifuga 218.
Gelseminum (?)
Eryngium (?)
Iris versicolor 620.
Nymphæa (?)
Rhus glabrum 872.
Rumex.
Lachnanthes 649.
Stillingia.
Xanthoxylum.
HYSTERIA
Aletris far. 56. Asclep. tu. 115.
Cerasus vir. 190.
Cimicifuga racemosa 212,219.
Cactus 155.
Cornus fl. 285.
Cypripedium pub 293.
Caulophy. 171,173.
Frasera caról. 379.
Gels. 403,404,420,421,430.
Erechthites hier. 317,
Eryngium 331.
Eupatorium arom. 344.
Hedeoma 521,522.
Myrica cer. 726.
Polygonum hydr. 835.
Scutellaria 964.
Sticta pul. 1000.
Veratrum 1059.
Senecio 978.
HYDROCEPHALUS-
Apocynum cannabinum 67,68.
Veratrum viride 1043.
HYDROPHOBIA—
Gelseminum 403. Lobelia 696.
Scutellaria 963.
HYPOCHONDRIASIS-
Esculus hip. 38. Asarum 97.
Asclepias tub. 117. Bapt. 138.
Cactus 155. Cim. rac. 204,212.
Cornus c. 275. Cypri. 293.
Eryn. 333. Euph. 375.
Gels. 420.
Hydr. 569.
Hepatica 543. Podoph. 814.
Iris 604. Lach. 645. Lept. 661.
Lobelia 688, Mitchella 720.
Podo. 811. Rhus $90.
Senecio 978.
Xanthoxylum.
HYDROTHORAX-
(See also Dropsy).
Apocynum caun. 78.
Asclepias tuberosa 115.
Sanguinaria 916.
HYPERÆSTHESIA OF THE
Brain.
Cactus (?) Cimicifuga.
Cyripedium.
Dioscorea 314.
Gelseminum (?)
Gymnocladus (?)
Lachnanthes
Scutellaria. Sanguinaria (?)
Spine.
Baptisia(?)
Cimicifuga rac. Cypripedium.
Dioscorea villosa 314.
Gelseminum.
Lachnanthes (?)
Scutellaria later iflora.
Veratrum viride.
Uterus.
Caulophyllum (?) Cimicifuga (?)
Dioscorea 314.
Eupatorium purpureum (?)
Hedeoma 524.
Ovaries.
Hedeoma 524.
Podophyllum (?)
76
1130
CLINICAL INDEX
HYPERTROPHY OF HEART. INFLUENZA-
Cactus 163. Collinsonia (?)
Lycopus 707.
IMPETIGO-(See Eruptions).
Alnus rubra 61.
IMPOTENCE-
Eupatorium pur. 368.
Gelseminum 440.
Hamamelis 509.
Helonias 536,538.
Nuphar lutea.
Nymphæa odorata (?).
Phytolacca 792. Stilling. 1005.
Xanthoxylum (?).
INTERMITTENTS-(See fevers)
Caulophyllum 171.
Cornus 284,285.
Corydalis, 289,291,
Eupa. per. 346,352,355.
Euonymus 342. Gelseminum.
Gossypium 479. Hydr. 557.
Leptandra 660. Lob. 685,686.
Lycopus 706,707.
Podophy.
INTERTRIGO.--(See Eruptions)
Cimicifuga racemosa 217
Eryngium aquaticum 340.
Eupatorium per. 346,347,357.
Gelseminum 450.
Phytolacca 765.
Sanguin. 916,923.
Sticta 991,995,997.
Triosteum per. 1020.
Veratrum v.
ISCHURIA-
Apocynum cannabin. 74.
Eupatorium purp. 360,368.
Galium 381,382.
Mitchella repens 718.
Gels. 438.
Myrica cerifera 727.
Podophyllum 828.
Senecio 982.
INSOMNIA-
Caulophyllum thalictroides 176.
Cypripedium 293.
Gelseminum 420.
Lachnanthes (?) 647.
Senecio 979.
Scutellaria 968.
Sticta.
Veratrum viride
JAUNDICE-
Hydrastis 564.
INDIGESTION—
Chelone(?)
Collinsonia 250,251.
Corydalis 289.
Dioscorea (?)
Chelone 191,192.
Eupatorium perfoliatum 348.
Euphorbia 376.
Cornus 274.
Frasera 379.
Hepati.543.
Hydr. 550, 575.
Iris vers.
Juglans cinerea 641.
Leptandra.
Lycopus 707.
Puls. Nut.
Podophyllum.
Sanguinaria 928.
INTESTINAL INTUSSUSCEP.
TION-
Lobelia 685,693.
Podophyllum (?).
INDURATION OF OS UTERI.
Podophyllum 830.
Phytolacca (?)
Mitchella (?)
Stillingia sylvatica (?)
Glands.
Chimaphila 1083
Phytolacca de. 771.
Chimaphila 202.
Gelseminum 437.
Helonias 527.
Hepatica 543. Hydrastis 576.
Leptandra virginica 661,664.
Myrica 727.
Podophyllum 815.
Sanguinaria 916,929.
Phytolacca 802.
Veratrum v.
KIDNEY AFFECTIONS-
(See Renal Diseases.)
LABOR DIFFICULT—
Aralia 92.
Caulophyllum 178.
Cimicifuga 228.
Gossypium 478.
Gels. 445.
Mitchella (?) Polyg. (?)
Veratrum v. (?)
KNEE JOINTS-INFLAMMA.
AND REPERTORY.
1131
LARYNGITIS-
Eryngium 331.
Hepatica (?) Nymphæa (?)
Rumex (?) Sang. 935.
Stillingia 1005. Sticta (?)
Catarrhal.
Esculus hip. 50 (?)
Ampelopsis 62 (?)
LARYNGISMUS-
Gelseminum 404.
LABIA, INFLAMMATION OF
Podophyllum 829.
LEUCORRHOEA-
Apocynum andr. 90.
Aletris 57. Aralia 91,92.
Asclepias inc. (?)
Asclepias tuberosa (?)
Esculus hip. 50. Bapt. 146.
Caulop 178. Chimap. 198.
Cimicif. 222,223.
Eriger. 328.
Collins. 250,255.
Coryd. 289.
Eryng. 339. Eup. pur.360,369.
Geranium 461,462,464.
Gossypium (?)
Gnaph. 470. Gels. 442.
Hamam,488,504. Hedeoma 524.
Helonias 528,538.
Hydrastis 585. Iris vers. 619.
Myrica 726,727. Nabul. 741.
Nymphæa 749,750.
Phytolacca 794.
Podophyllum 828. Puls. 866.
Rhus glabra 870,871.
Senecio 985.
Trillium 1010,1011,1014.
Burning.
Hedeoma 523. Aralia (?)
Myrica (?) Nymphæa (?)
Trillium (?)
Chronic.
Chim. [?] Cimicifuga 223.
Hydrastis [?] Nymphæa 750.
Geranium 464. Senecio 985.
Stillingia [?]
Cervical.
Chim. [?] Eryngium [?]
Nabulus [?] 741.
Phytolacca. Puls. Nut. [?]
Hydr. 585.
Senecio [?]
Stillingia [?]
LEUCORRHEA.-Continued.
Copious.
Cauloph. (?) Eupat. pur. 369.
Erigeron 329. Puls. Nut. (?)
Geranium? Hydrastis? Senecio?
Excoriating.
Aralia 91 [?] Hedeoma 523.
Myrica [?] Nymphæa 749.
Trillium [?]
Fœtid.
Aralia 91 [?]
Bapt. [?]
Nymphæa [?]
Trillium [?]
Rhus glab. [?]
Gelatinous.
Nabulus 740,
Mucous.
Cauloph. 178. Chimaphila [?]
Eupatorium pur. 369.
Hydrastis 585. Nabulus 740.
Puls. Nut. (?). Podoph. 825.
Senecio.
Profuse.
Geranium 464. Hamame. 504.
(See also Copious.)
Syphilitic.
Apoc. andr. 90. Corydalis (?)
Chimaphila. [?] Phytolacca.
Stillingia [?],
Transparent.
Cauloph. [?] Hydrastis 585.
Eupatorium pur. 369.
Gelseminum 442.
Nabulus 740. Puls. (?)
Podoph, 825.
Uterine,
Cauloph. 178.
Iris vers. 619.
Nabulus 741.
Vaginal.
Senecio (?)
Eupa. pur. 369.
Hydr. 585
Nymphæa 750.
Asclepias inc. (?)___ Eriger. 329
Geranium 464. Hedeoma (?)
Hamamelis 504. Nymphæa (?)
Puls. (?) Hydr. 585. Sen.(?)
Yellow.
Hydr. (?) Hedeoma 523.
Puls. (?) Senecio (?)
LEPRA, MALIGNANT—
(See Eruptions.)
Comocladia 267.
Stillingia, 1004.
1132
CLINICAL INDEX
LIMOSIS-
Gelseminum 431.
LOSS OF APPETITE-
(See Anorexia.)
LOCHIA, UNHEALTHY—
Baptisia 146.
Caulophyllum 182.
Profuse.
Asarum 98.
Erigeron 329.
Senecio 985.
Trillium.
Suppression of.
Aralia (?)
Aletris 57.
Caulophyllum 183.
Cimicifuga racemosa 225.
Hedeoma 523.
Mitchella (?)
Veratrum viride (?)
LUMBAGO—
Esculus hip. 51.
Asclepias tuberosa 119.
Cimicifuga 236.
Gelseminum 453.
Gnaphalium 474.
Hamamelis 512.
Phytolacca 801.
Veratrum viride 1064.
LUPUS (See Eruptions.)
Hydrastis canadensis 564,572.
MAMMÆ.
Burning in.
Esculus hip. 50. Como. 270.
Swelling of.
Asclep. in. 99. Cistus 245.
Phytolacca 793,
Diseased.
Asclep. inc. 99. Cistus 245.
Cimicifuga (?) Chimaphila.
Hydrastis 585. Stillingia (?)
Phytolacca 799.
--Inflammation of.
Baptisia 125. Cimicifuga (?)
Cistus 245. Chelone 191 [?]
Chimaphila (?)
Helonias 537. Hydrastis [?]
Phytolacca 793,796.
Veratrum 1060.
MAMME.-Continued.
Suppuration of.
Cistus 245. Phytol.795,796,799
Neuralgia of.
Cimicifuga 221. [?] Phyto. 799
Tumor of.
Chimaphila 1083.
MANIA A-POTU –
Phytol. 790
Cimicifuga 204,212,213.
Cyprip. 293,295.
Gelseminum semper v. 457.
Scutell. 963.
MASTITIS.-(Mamma Infl. of)
MEASLES--
Gelseminum 417, 456.
Veratrum viride 1052.
Juglans 638.
Rhus v. 890.
MELENA-
Baptisia (?)
Erigeron canadensis 326.
Hamamelis 497.
Hedeoma (?)
Leptandra (?)
MELANCHOLY-
Cactus grandiflorus 155.
Cimicifuga.
Helonias 532.
Senecio 978.
MEMORY LOSS OF—
Gymnocladus 484.
Mitchella repens 720.
Rhus ven. 890.
Sanguinaria 919.
Sarracenia 960.
MENORRHAGIA-
1
Aletris 58. Asarum 98.
Apocynum cannabinum 81.
Apocynum androsemifolium 90.
Asclepias tub. 115.
Baptisia 145.
Caulophyllum 178, 180, 181.
Cactus (?)
Cimicifuga 222, 223.
Collinsonia 255.
Erigeron 327.
Erechthites 317.
Gelsem. 448. Gossypium (?)
Geranium 461,462.
Hedeoma 524. Helon. 538, 540.
AND REPERTORY.
1133
MENORRHAGIA.-Continued. METRITIS-
Hamamelis 492, 504
Iris versicolor 619.
Lycopus. Mitchella (?)
Phytolacca 793.
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana.
Sanguinaria 918.
Senecio 985.
Trillium p. 1010, 1011, 1015.
MENINGITIS-
Esculus gla.18.
Cimicifuga 219.
Aletris 56(?)
Gels. 420.
Gymno. [?] Lach. [?].
Podoph. 809. Veratrum vir.
MENSES IRREGULAR—
Pulsatilla 866. Senecio.
Premature.
Aletris 57. Mitchella (?)
Pulsatilla [?] Senecio.
Sanguinaria, Xanthoxylum [?]
Delayed.
Cimicifuga 223. Mitchella [?]
Senecio. Sanguinaria.
-- Suppression of.
|
Cactus 160. Caulophyllum 171
Eupatorium purpureum 360.
Hedeoma 524. Nymph. 750[?]
Podophyllum? Veratrum v.
MILK CRUST-
Euphorbia 377. Juglans?
MYALGIA.
Esculus hip. 38. Aletris (?)
Caulophyllum 171.
Cimicifuga 204, 220. Cornus ?
Dioscorea 300.
Frasera ?
Gelseminum 405, 442, 453, 455.
Gnaphalium 475.
Hamamelis 512.
Hedeoma 525.
Helonias 533.
Phytolacca 770,
Sanguinaria 935.
MYELITIS-
Baptisia?
Scutellaria?
Veratrum v. 1064.
Cimic. rac. 223. Lobelia 695. MYOSITIS-
MERCURIAL AFFECTIONS.
Podophyllum 828.
Aralia 91.
Phyto. 767,777.
Rumex 896.
Stillingia [?]
MERCURIAL PTYALISM-
Arum tri 95. Geranium 461.
Helonias [?] Phytolacca 777.
Podoph. [?] Rhus 871.
Xanthoxylum [?]
Cachexia.
Corydalis [?] Iris 610.
Rumex 896. Phytolacca.
Stillingia?
MERCURIO-SYPH. AFFEC.
Corydalis [?] Phytol. 767,792
Rumex 896. Stillingia [?]
METRORRHAGIA-
Apocynum cannabinum 80.
Caulophyllum 178,180.
Erigeron 327. Gossipium?
Hamamel. 492. Hedeoma 523.
Iris versicolor 619.
Lycopus Phytolacca 793.
Cimicifuga 204.
Veratrum viride?
MUCOUS DISCHARGES.
Asclepias tuberosa.
Baptisia tinctoria 125.
Chimaphila.
Gelseminum 441.
Hamamelis 488. IIydrastis 578.
Pulsatilla Nutt.
Senecio 978.
Sticta.
NAUSEA [See Vomiting.]
Esculus glab. 18. Asclep. tub.
Cimicifuga rac. 219.
Cauloph. 177.
Dioscorea 301.
Frasera 379.
Gnaphylium.
Iris vers.
Hedeoma 522.
Juglans. Lobelia. Leptan dra.
Phytolacca. Podophyllum.
Puls. Nut. Sanguinaria 928.
Veratrum vir.
NECK, STIFF—
Cimicifuga. Lachnanthes,
Veratrum v.
Sanguinaria 931. Trillium 1015 NECROSIS-
Veratrum v. ?
Phytolacca? Rumex cris. 896
1134
CLINICAL INDEX
NERVOUS IRRITABILITY-ŒESOPHAGITIS-
Cimicifuga 213. Cypripe. 293.
Diose. 314. Eupa. arom. 345. !
Scutellaria 964. Senecio 973.
Sick Headache.
Cypriped.? Gelseminum 422.
Cimicifuga 215. Iris vers.
Scutellaria?
NEPHRITIS-
Collinsonia 255. Cauloph. 178
Corydalis 289. Chim. 195,198.
Erechthites? Erigeron 327.
Eupatorium purp. 369.
Eryngium aquaticum 331.
Geran. 462.
Iris versicolor 611.
Gelseminum 430.
Phytolacca ?
Veratrum vir. 1057.
Sanguinaria ?
EDEMA OF THE GLOTTIS
Arum triphyl. 95.
OPTHALMIA—
Asclepias tub. 117.
Esculus hip. 38.
Apocynum cann. 68.
Baptisia 124, 140.
Cactus g. 157. Cistus 242.
Cornus 276.
Comocladia 267.
Eryngium 338, 337.
Eupatorium per. 355.
Gelsem. 438.
Hedeoma? Mitchelia ?
Phytolacca 784.
Polygon. 835
Geranium 461.
Gelsemin. 424.
Gymnocladus 485.
Senecio 983,984. Trillium 1013
NEURALGIA—
Asclepias tuberosa 117. ?
Cypriped. 293. Cornus fl.285?
Cimicifuga rac. 220,233.
Dioscorea villosa 314.
Gelsem. 401,402,427,428,434.
Hamamelis vir. 509?
Iris versicolor 601,606,607.
Lobelia 702. Puls. N. 859.
Phytolacca dec. 794.
Scutellaria 963. Verat, 1064.
NEURALGIC HEMICRANIA.
Apocy. andr. 87.
Iris ver. 606. Sanguinaria.
NEURALGIA OF TESTICLE.
Pulsatilla N. 866.
Ham. 509.
NIGHT SWEATS-
Cerasus 190. Cornus.
Cimicifuga racemosa 211.
Frasera 379. Lycopus ?
NIGHTMARE
Iris versicolor 604.
NODES-
Corydalis?
Phytolacca. Stillingia 1006.
ODONTALGIA—
Phytolacca 777.
Gelseminum 428, 429, 442.
Pulsatilla 859.
Rhus glabrum 870.
Xanthoxylum
Hamamelis 488, 496.
Hydrastis 550, 570, 571.
Hedeoma 522.
Iris 607.
Lachnanthes 648. Leptan. 662.
Lobelia 677.
Phytolacca 775.
Podophyllum pel. 816.
Pulsa. Nut.
Rhus ven. 891.
Podophyllum.
Sanguinaria 924.
Sticta 1001, 1002.
Veratrum viride?
Urtica urens ?
Xanthoxylum.
Catarrhal.
-Apocynum cann. 68.
Eryngium 338. Erigeron 323.
Gelseminum 424.
Hamamelis 496. Hydrastis 570.
Iris 608.
Lachnanthes 648.
Leptandra 662. Lobelia 689.
Rheumatic.
Apocynum can. 68.
Baptisia 140.
Erigeron canadense 323.
Gelseminum 424.
Hydrastis 570.
Lachnanthes 618. Leptan. 662.
Lobelia 689. Veratrum v.
"
AND REPERTORY.
1135
OPTHALMIA.-Continued.
Purulent.
Baptisia.
Erigeron c. 323. Eryng. a. 337.
Gelseminum 424.
Hydrastis 570.
--Scrofulous.
Baptisia 140.
Chimaphila? Cistus 242.
Eryngium 338.
Gelseminum 424.
Hedeoma 522.
Xanthoxylum.
ORCHITIS-
Asclepias incarnata ?
Hamamelis 509. Hedeoma 522.
Phytolacca 792. Pulsatilla 866.
Veratrum 1059.
OTALGIA-
Aralia racemosa 91.
Cactus 157.
Eryngium 338.
Gelseminum 426.
Hydrastis 569.
Lachnanthes 649. Lobelia 689.
Mitchella 721.
Phytolacca 776. Pulsatilla 862.
Sticta 996, 1002. Sanguin. 924.
Sarracenia 960.
OTITIS-
Cactus grandiflorus 157.
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana.
OTORRHOEA-
Baptisia tinc. 141.
Gelseminum 426.
Hydrastis 569.
Senecio 980. Stillingia?
Phytolacca..
Pulsatilla Nuttalliana.
OVARITIS-
Cactus? 160. Cimicifuga 227.
Gelseminum?
Hedeoma 524.
Phytolocca 794. Podophy. 830.
Veratrum viride?
OVARIAN DISEASE-
Cactus g. 160. Cimicifuga 227.
Hamam. 504,505,506,507,508.
OZÆNA-
Arum triphyllum?
Baptisia tine. 140.
Hydrastis 571.
Phytolacca 777.
Sanguinaria 924.
Sicta? Stillingia?
PARALYTIC DYSPHAGIA-
Gelseminum 429.
PAROTITIS
Phytolacca.
PALPITATION OF HEART—
Asarum 97. Cactus 163 164,165
Gelsem. 407. Lycopus 707.
Podophyllum 832.
Sanguinaria. Cimicifuga.
Collinsonia. Veratrum viride.
Scutellaria? Sarracenia?
PARALYSIS-
Esculus g. 18. Caulophyllum.
Gels. 402,430,454.
Hedeoma 525. Myrica 726.
Phytolacca. Sanguinaria 936.
Xanthoxylum.
Lower Extremities.
Esculus 18. Caulophy. 184.
Gelseminum, Hedeoma 521.
Puls Nutta.? 859. Sang.?
Xanthoxylum ?
of Sphincters of Bladder.
Cactus 159. Gelseminum 439.
PARALYSIS of the GLOTTIS-
Gelseminum 430.
— of the Lungs.
Gelseminum semper virens 452.
PARAPLEGIA--
Caulophy. 184.
Gels.?
Hedeoma 521. Phytolacca.
Sanguin.? Xanthoxylum ?
PARONY CHIA-
Asclepias syr. 108. Phyt. 802.
PERI-PNEUMONIA-NOTHA.
Eupatorium arom. 344.
Sanguinaria. Xanthoxylum ?
PERITONITIS-
Cimicifuga 220. Gels. 434.
Hedeoma 524.
Podoph. 809,819,820.
Phytolacca ?
Polygonum 835. Verat. v,
1136
CLINICAL INDEX
PERIOSTITIS
Phyt. 755,769,770,777,798,802
Stillingia?
PERICARDITIS—
Asclepias tub. Cactus. Cimi.
Lobelia 701 ?
Trillium 1011 ?
Veratrum vir. 1064.
Chronic.
Collinsonia? Lycopus ?
PETECHIA (See Eruptions).
Baptisia. Hamamelis 152,
PHOTOPHOBIA-
Cimicifuga? Gelseminum 426.
Gymno. Lacnanthes ?
PHTHISIS PULMONALIS—
Ampelopsis 62. Aralia 91.
Arum t. 94. Asclep. syr. 113.
Asclepias tub. 119,120.
Cimicifuga 230,232. Cistus?
Cactus? Euonymus 342,
Hamamelis 488,489.
Helonias 528. Hepat. 543.
Lycopus 704,707. Lobe. 702.
Sanguin. 916,933. Phyt. 800.
Senecio 987. Stillingia 1005.
Sticta 997. Tril. 1010,1017.
PHLEBITIS—
Hamamelis 491,493,513.
PHLEGMASIA ALBA DOL'S.
Cimicifuga 220.
Hamamelis 491,493,513.
Veratrum viride ?
PLACENTA RETAINED—
Cimicifuga, Caulophyllum.
Gossypium. 479. Gelsem. 442.
Eupatorium pur.? Mitchella ?
PLEURITIS-
Asclepias t. 120. Asclep. i.99.
Cactus 161. Cimicifuga 231.
Eupatorium arom. 344.?
Euphorbia corollata 373 ?
Gelseminum 452 Ham 488 ?
Lept. 653, 654? Podo. 809?
Polyg. 835? Sanguinaria 935.
Triosteum 1027.
Veratrum v. 1062, 1063.
PLEURODYNIA-
Cimicifuga 204, 230, 231, 232.
Caulophyllum 174.
PNEUMONIA-
Asclepias syr. 113.
Apocynum a. 87? Ascle. t. 120
Baptisia 146. Cactus 161.
Eupatorium a.? 344, 345.
Eupator. per. 357? Euph. 373?
Gelsem. 452,453. Hepatica 545
Juglans 642. Lachnanthes 651.
Lobelia 702? Polyg. 835?
Sanguinaria 916, 934.
Veratrum viride 1042, 1062.
PORRIGO—(See Eruptions.)
Alnus rubra 61.
POLYPI-
Hydrastis 572
Sanguinaria 919,923.
PRIAPISMUS —
Eryngium 339? Gels. ?
PROSTATIC GLAND--Discases
Asculus hip. 50. Cactus 159.
Gnaph. 474. Podo. 828. Sene.
PROLAPSUS OF VAGINA—
Esculus? Asclepias tub. ?
Aletris? Collinsonia?
Cimicifuga Hydrastis?
Helonias? Podophyllum 829.
PRURIGO-(See Eruptions.)
Apocynum andr. 88.
PRURITUS-
Collinsonia 255,256.
PROLAPSUS ANI-
Eryngium 331.
Hamame. 488,
Phytolacca 791. Podoph. 825.
Uteri.
Esculus 50. Aletris 57.
Aralia 91? Asclepias tub. ?
Caulophyllum ? Collins. 255.
Cimicifuga 222,226,227.
Mitchella?
Eup. purp. 369. Gossypium?
Helonias 538,540. .
Hamamelis 488.
Podophyllum 829.
PROSOPALGIA-
Cimicifuga 314. Gel. 427,428.
Iris 600, 601. Phytolacca 777.
Sanguinaria.
PSORIASIS-(See Eruptions.)
Apocynum can. 66.
Erechthites 317. Nuphar 743.
AND REPERTORY.
1137
PSORA-
Cornus 273? Lobelia 687.688 ?
Phytolacca 755, 772.
Rumex 895.896. Stillingia?
Sarracenia?
PTOSIS-
Gelseminum 425.
PTYALISM-
Esculus h. 39. Baptis. 124,141
Helonias 533. Hydrastis 573.
Iris 610. Podophyl. 816, 817.
Xanthoxylum.
PUERPURAL-
Peritonitis.
Aralia 91, Podophyllum pel.
Veratsum viride.
Convulsions.
Caulophy. Gelsem. 444,445,449
Veratrum viride.
Mania
Cimicifuga 227. Cypripedium?
Scutellaria? Veratrum v. 1061
PYROSIS-
Esculus 39,41. Ampelopsis?
Cornus fl. 284. Dioscorea 303.
Iris v. Leptandra 662. Podoph.
Sanguinaria 929. Verat. 1060.
Xanthoxylum.
QUINSY-
Arum triph. 95. Gnaphal. 470.
Phytolacca? Sanguinaria 925.
RENAL DISEASES-
Apocynum can. Chimaph. 196.
Eupatorium pur. 359. Erigeron,
Erechthites. Helonias 534.
Hedeoma. Mitchella. Phyto.
Sanguinaria 931. Senecio 982.
RETROVERSION OF UTERUS
Esculus hip. 50. Cauloph. 184.
Collinsonia? Eupator. pur. 369.
Helonias 540. Podophyllum?
RECTUM STRICTURE OF~
Esculus hip 49.
RECTUM, ULCERATION OF
Hydras. 583. Lept? Podoph?
Phytolacca ?
RHAGADES~
Hydrastis 564.
RHEUMATISM-
Esculus hip. 51. Apoc. a.88,90
Apocy. cann. 84. Hama. 513.
Cimicifu. 203,204,208,212,218,
228,231,238. Collins. 262. ·
Eupat. 346,358. Phytola. 755,
767,768,769,770,771,792,802
Gels. 418,454,455.
Cauloph. 171,174,175,186.
Arum trip. 93. Asclep. inc. 99.
Asclepias syr. 104,113.
Alnus rubra 59. Ampelo. 62.
Asclepias tub. 115,119,121.
Cactus grand 165.
Chimaph. 195,196,197.
Erigeron 319.
Eupat. pur. 360,361.
Gnaph. 475. Hamamelis 513.
Hedeoma 525.
Iris ver. 621.
Helonias 528.
Juglans 622.
Mitchella rep. 725.
Polygon. 835.
Puls. 849,868.
Lept. 654.
Rbus glab. 870. Rumex 910.
Sticta 993,994.
Sanguin. 916.
Triost. 1021.
Veratrum 1019,1052,1064.
Xanthoxylum.
RHEUMATIC NEURALGIA-
Cimicifuga rae 238.
Gelseminum, 453.
RHEUMATIC GOUT—
Apocy. andr. 88. Gnaph. 475.
Eupat. perf. 358. Sangu. 916.
Verat. vir.
Hemicrania.
Apocy. andr. 88. Cim. r. 215.
Phytolacca. Sanguinaria. ?
RHEUMATISM of the BACK
Cimicif. 236, 237. Cauloph. 174
Rhus ven.? Phytolacca?
Acute.
Asclepias. s. 113. Asclep. t. ?
Caul. 185. Cim, 204. Verat. v.
Articular.
Apocy. andr. 90. Asclep. t. 119
Hamamelis 512. Veratrum v.
Chronic.
Chimaphila 197. Phyt. 767,802.
Stillingia.
77
1138
CLINICAL INDEX
RHEUMATISM.—Continued.
of the Chest.
Asclepias t..? Cactus gr. 161.
Cim. 230. Caul. 174. Phy.800
of the Heart.
Cac. g. 163. Cimici. Verat. v. ?
of the Hands.
Caulophyllum
Muscular.
186.
Apocy. a. 90. Caul.? Cim. 204.
Phytolacca 767.
of the Uterus.
Caul. 178. Gels. 442. Cimici.
RINGWORM-
Aralia r. 91. Eupat. per. 346.
Euphor. 377. Hepatica. t. 543
Juglans 640. Phytolacca 772.
RIGID OS UTERI-
Caulophyllum. Cimicifuga.
Gelseminum 442, 449, 450.
Lobelia 685, 695.
RIGIDITY of the PERINEUM
Lobelia 695.
Gelseminum ?
RUBEOLA-(See Eruptions.)
Gelseminum 418.
SATYRIASIS-
Gelseminum semper v. 440.
SCORBUTUS --
Alnus 61. Agave 53. Ger.462.
Galium 381,382. Hydrastis.
Rumex 896. Phyto. Xanthox.
SCIRRHUS GROWTHS-
Chim.? Hydrastis 563,575.
SCARLATINA-
Arum t. 95. Asclepias 111.
Gels. 417. Hyd.? Myrica 727.
Phyt. 770,772,773. Sang. 916.
Scut. Xanthox.? Verat. v.
SCROFULA—
Alnus 59,60. Ampelop. 62,63.
Aralia 91. Asclep. syr. 104.
Chimaph. 195,196. Cistus 240.
Cornus 273- Cory. 288,289,291
Eryngium 331. Galium 381.
Hepatica. Hydrastis. Iris 603.
Juglans. Myrica 726,727.
Nymphæa 749. Phytol. 771.
Podoph. Rhus g. 870,871.
Rumex 896. Stillin. 1004,1006
Trillium 1011.
SCIATICA-
SCABIES-
Phytolacca.
Cimicifuga 238.
Phyt. 769,802.
Gnaph 475.
SCALDS-
Galium 381.
Sangu. Xan.
SEA SICKNESS-
Euphorbia 376. Iris v. ?
Phytolacca ?
SEMINAL EMISSIONS-
Asclepias tub? Gels. 440.
Helonias? Eryngium 339.
Eupat. purp. ?. Iris ver.
SINGULTUS-
Cauloph. 171, 185. Gels. 452.
SLEEP, UNREFRESHING—
Cornus. Cypripedium.
Eupat. arom.? Gels. 420.
Senecio 978,979. Scutellaria.
Lachn. ? Xanthoxylum. Zizia.
SPASMS
Cactus? Cim. Dioscorea 301
Gels. 402. Hedeoma 521.
Poly. 835. Phy. Pod. Vera.
of Stomach.
Cauloph. 174,177. Erech. 317.
Gels. 433. Hedeoma 522.
Iris? Lobelia, Phytol,? Vera.
of Uterus.
Caul. Cim. Gels. 442. Goss.?
Dios.? Hedeoma 524. Vera.?
of the Larynx.
Cimicifuga 229. Lobelia.
of the Bowels.
Caul. 174. Dios. Erech. 317.
Hedeoma 525. Podophyllum.
of the Chest.
Caul.185. Hed. 525. Lobelia.
of the Ureters.
Gelseminum 438.
of the Glottis.
Gelseminum 404,431,432.
SPERMATORRHOEA-
Esculus hip.50. Cerasus 190.
Corn f.286. Cim.221. Cyp.295
Col.258. Eryn.331 Gel. 440,441
Ham.509. Hyd.583. Myr.728
Nymph.749. Nuph.745,747,748
Iris v. Pulsatilla N. ?
AND REPERTORY.
1139
SPINAL IRRITATION—
Æsculs g.? Cim. 236. Caulo. ?
Cypr.? Gels. 453. Gnaph. 475.
Lach.? Phyto. 801. Scutellaria.
Veratrum v.
SPLEEN, DISEASE OF-
Galium 381. Phytolacca 789.
Podophy. p. 822.
SPRAINS-
Gnaph. 470.
STERILITY-
Polygonum 835.
Cim. Eup. per.? Gossy. 477.
Helonias 538. Stillingia 1005.
STOMATITIS.
Arum t. 95. Bapt. t. 124, 141.
Cornus c. 275. Eup. a. 344.
Ham. 488. Hel. 533. Hyd.572.
Iris v.610. Myr.727. Nym.749.
Phyto. 777. Podo. 817.
Rhus v. 891.
Materna.
Cornus c. 276. Bap. t. 141.
Eup. a. 344, 345. Helon. 533.
Hydras. 572. Podophy. p. 817.
Mercurial.
Baptisia 141. Cornus c. 276.
Iris vers. 610.
STRANGURY
Apocyn. can. 74. Asclep. inc. ?
Cactus 159. Chimap. 198.
Eupat. purp. 360,366.
Erigeron? Erechthites?
Galium 382. Gnaph. 476.
Gelsem.. Helonias 528,535.
Mitchella? Senecio.
STRABISMUS-
SYPHILITIC CACHEXIA—–
Corydalis? Chimaphila?
Phyto. 769,792. Stillingia?
SYPHILIS -
Apoc. and. 85,90. Alnus 59.
Amp. 62?
Aralia rac. 91.
Asc. i. 99,100. Asc. s. 104,112.
Asc. t. 115,119. Cory.288,290.
Chim. 198. Eryn. 331.
Eup.perf.346 Iris 610,618,619
Lobelia 677,695. Podoph. 828
Phyt. dec. 767,771,792,793.
Puls.848,849.861. Rumex 896.
Sang.931. Stil.1004,1005.
TEETH, LOOSENESS OF—
Sanguinaria. Phytolacca.
Tetanus.
Collin. 250. Cypr. 293.
Gel, 402, 403. Phytolacca 770.
Scutellaria? Veratrum v.?
TETTER. (See Eruptions.)
Ara. 91. Hep. 543. Rhus. g. 870
TENESMUS OF RECTUM.
Escu. h. 42. Hy. 579. Iris 600
Podophyllum. Sarracenia 960.
of Bladder.
Apocy. c.? Asclep. s.? Chim.
Erig.? Hede. 523. Mitchella ?
Pulsatilla N.? Senecio 981.
THROAT. (See Angina)
TINNITIS AURIUM
Hydrastis 569.
TINEA CAPITIS-
Erech. 317. Eup. per. 346,348..
Myrica 727. Phyto. 755,772.
Iris vers.
Gelsem. 425. Hamamelis 496. TONSILLITIS-
Hydrastis 570.
STRICTURE OF URETHRA.
•
Hydrastis can. 583.
of Rectum.
Esculus hip. 49.
STENOCARDIA-
Cactus grandiflorus 163.
STUPOR
Gels.457. Phy.773. Urtica u.
SUBSULTUS TENDINUM—
Cyprip? Eup.a.344. Scut 964.
SYNOVITIS-
Apoc. can. 84. Pod. 809,
Erigeron 324. Gelsem. 430.
Gymno. 487. Sanguin. 925.
Phytolacca 765. Podoph. 817.
TRISMUS-
Gelsem. 428.
Phytolacca.
Nymphæa 749 ?
Scutellaria.
Veratrum viride.
TRACHEITIS-
Sanguinaria 927.
TREMORS-
Canloph. 174. Eup. arom. 344.
Cimicifuga. Lachnanthes?
Puls. N. Scut. Veratrum v. ?
1140
CLINICAL INDEX
TUMORS-
Asclepias inc. 99. Bapt. 125?
Chim. 191. Cypriped. 293 ?
Erigeron 319?
Galium 381,384,385.
Gnaph. 470? Hamamelis 488.
Hydrastis 548. Nymph. 749 ?
Phytolacca 754,756,797.
Stillingia sylvatica
TYMPANITIS-
Collinsonia? Euonymus ?
Erigeron? Gelseminum 433.
Hedeoma 522. Podophyllum.
Polygonum 843. Xanthoxylum.
ULCERATIONS—
Alnus 61. Aralia 91. Amp. 62.
Bapt. 124, 125. Chelone 191.
Cornus 276. Erech. 317.
Galium 381. Geran. 461, 462.
Ham. 488,493,513. Hy. 548,589
Lycopus 707. Myrica 727.
Phyto. 753, 794. Polyg. 835.
Rhus g. 871. Rumex 896.
Stillingia 1004. Trillium 1012.
of Bladder.
Eup. pur. 360. Hy. 583. Phy.?
of Cornea.
Hydras. Pul. N. Phy. Stillin.?
of Buccal Cavity.
Baptisia 141,125. Cor. 272,278.
Gnaph. 470. Hydras. 572,573.
Nym. 749. Phy. 777. Rum. 896
of Intestines.
Hy. 578,583. Lept. 670,671.
Podoph.? Phyt.? Rhus g. 871-
of Legs,
Hydras. 587,588. Phyto. 802.
of Os Uteri.
Bap. 146. Hel. 540. Hy. 585.
Iris 619. Myrica? Nymph. 750
Phytolacca 794. Stillingia?
of Rectum.
Phy. 791. Hydrastis. Podoph.
of Stomach.
Hydrastis? Sanguinaria 927.
Veratrum? 1058. Phytolacca ?
Syphilitic.
Chimaph.? Corydalis? Iris v.?
Phy. 771,777,792. Stillingia?
! ULCERATIONS.-Continued.
of the Fauces.
Rumex 896.
of the Throat.
Hydr. Erig. 324. Geran. 461.
Gnaph. 470 Myr.? Nymp. 749.
Phy. 783,792. Rhus g. 871.
Rumex 896. Sang. 925. Stil.?
Vagina.
Hydrastis? Nymph.? Phyto.?
URINE AND ITS QUALITIES.
Acid.
Bapt.145. Eryng.339. Lept.675
Mitch.722. Phyt.792. Pod.828
Pulsatilla N. Ɛ61. Sarrace. 961
Acrid.
Galium 381.
Albuminous.
Chimaph 198. Helonias 534.
Phyto. 792. Puls. 864.
Bloody.
Chimaphila 199. Hed. 523.
Senecio 981. Puls.? Erig.?
Erechthites? Hamamelis ?
Brown.
Eup. perf. 356 · Gymn. 486.
Lobelia. 694.
Burning.
Asc. syr. 110. Baptisia 145.
Cactus 159. Erigeron 326.
Eup. purp. 363. Gels. 439.
Iris versicolor 618.
Clear or pale.
พ
Apocy, and. 90. Erigeron 326.
Eup. perf. 356. Eup. pur. 364,
Galium 381. Gelseminum 438.
Helonias. 534. Phyt. 792.
Polyg. 844. Rumex 903.
Sang. 931. Sarracenia 961.
Dark.
Chimaph. 200.
Eup. perf. 356.
Dribbling.
Eryngium 339.
-Frequent.
Erigeron 326.
Hedeoma 523.
Esculus hip. 49. Apoc and. 90.
Cim.220. Erig.326. Eryng.339
Eup. purp. 363. Gymnoc. 486.
Gal. 381. Hydr. 583. Pod. 828
Sanguinaria 931.
AND REPERTORY.
1141
URINE.-Continued.
High colored.
Esculus hip. 49.
Bapt. 145.
URINE.-Continued.
Sediment (Calculus.)
Podophyllum 828.
Collins. 262.
Cornus 279.
Eup. perf. 356. Ham. 502.
Mitchella 722. Myrica 734.
Rhus 873. Senecio 982.
Increase of Solids.
Asclep syr. 110. Cim. r. 221.
Eryng. 339. Mitchella 723.
Incontinent.
Cactus 159. Gelseminum. 438.
Podophyllum 827.
Milky.
Gelseminum 438. Lobelia 694.
Mucous.
Asclep, tub. 118. Chim. 200.
Erigeron 326. Eup. pur. 364.
Sarracenia 961.
Neutral.
Hydr.583. Lept.675. Lob.694
-- Painful.
Æsculus hip. 49. Erig. 326.
Galium 381.
Hedeoma 523.
Gels. 438. Iris 618.
Senecio 981.
Purulcnt.
Chimaphila 201.
Red.
Asclep. tub. 118. Bapt 145.
Cactus 159.
Cornus 279.
Cactus 139. Iris 618.
Eryng. 339. Lobelia 694.
Lachn. 650. Lept. 675.
Polygonum 844,
Nuphar 747. Phyto. 791.
Retention.
Cactus 159. Cimicifuga. 220.
Gels. 438. Podophyllum 828.
Specific gravity, too high.
Asclep. syr. 110. Eup. pu. 365
Helonias 534. Mitchella.
Myrica 733. Phyto. 792.
Puls. 864. Sarracenia 961.
Senecio 982.
Specific gravity, too low.
Eryng. 339. Eupat. pur. 364.
Puls. 864.
-- Suppression.
1
Erigeron 326.
Hedeoma 523.
Podophy. 828.
Sarr. pur. 961.
Smarting.
Galium 381.
Eup. pur. 364.
Senecio 982.
too Profuse.
Apocy. and. 90 Asclep. s. 110.
Bapt. 145. Cactus 159.
Caul. 177.
Chima. 200.
Cim. rac. 220.
Collins. 254.
Erigeron 326.
Eup. per. 356.
Gnaph. 474.
Eup. purp. 363.
Gels. 438.
Galium 381.
Helon. 534. Iris 618. Lob. 694
Mitchella 722.
Phyto. 791.
Rumex 903.
Polyg. 844.
Sarrac. 943.
Sanguin. 931.
Senecio 981.
too Scanty.
Cornus 279.
Apocy. can. 73. Asclep. s. 110.
Collins. 262.
Eryng. 339. Podophy. 828.
Polygon. 844.
Scutell. 967.
Eup. perf. 356.
Rhus glab. 873.
Senecio 981.
Ham. 502.
Eup. purp.365. Hedeoma 523.
Lept. 675. Lobelia 694.
Nabulus 740.
Urging (Ineffectual.)
Hedeoma 523. Puls. Nut. 864
Watery.
Cim. 221. Gels. 438. Lob. 694.
Sang. 931. Apocy, can. ?
Eupat. purp. ?
White.
Eryng. 339. Eup. perf. 356.
Eup. pur. 364. Mitchella 722.
Myrica 730. Phytolacca 791.
yellow or straw colored.
Apocy. can. 73. Cactus 159.
Caul. 177, Gymnocladus 486.
Polyg. 844. Puls. 864.
URÆMIA-
Asclep. s. 110. Apocy. can.
Eup. pur. Gel. 449. Mitch. 721.
1142
CLINICAL INDEX AND REPERTORY.
URINARY DIFFICULTIES-
Esculus h. 49. Apocy. c. 73.
Asclep. sy. 110. Baptisia 145.
Cactus 159. Collin. 254.
Chim. 196,201. Cauloph. 177.
Coryd. 289. Cimicifuga 227.
Erigeron 326. Eup. pur. 360.
Erech.? Gal. 381,382. Gel. 438
Gnaph. 474. Hydras. 583, 584.
Ham. 503. Helonias 535,536.
URETHRITIS—
Caul. 178. Chim. 198. Col. 255
Erig. Erech. Gal. 381. Gel. 438
Ham. 509,503. Hedeoma 523.
Podophyl. 809. Trillium 1013.
URTICARIA—
Gel.? Puls. 861. Trios. 1020.
Rumex? Urtica urens.
UTERINE CONGESTIONS—
Asclep. i. and s. Escu. h. 50.
Aletris. Esculus 20. Cactus.
Cauloph. 178. Cimici. Collin.
Eup. pur. Goss. Ham. Hel. 540
Hedeoma. Mitchella. Verat. v.
Podophyllum. Sanguinaria.
Cancer.
Hydras. Phyto. 794. Nymph.
Hæmorrhage.
Ale. 58. Asar. 98. Apoc. c. 81.
Erechthites 317.
Erigeron 319, 327, 328, 329.
Goss. 477,480. Ham. 493, 506.
Lobelia 695. Myrica 726.
Senecio. Trillium 1016
Diseases.
Aletris. Ascle. in. tu. and sy.
Cau. 178. Cim. 222. Cyp. 296 ?
Eup. pur. 360. Galium 382?
Gossyp. 476,480. Hede 521.
Helonias 528, 542. Hamam.
Iris 619? Mitchella 713 Nymp.
Podop, 805. Puls. N. Sen. 978.
Trillium 1011. Xanthoxylum.
VARIOLOID.-(See Variola.)
Cimicifuga 211. Hydrastis.
Sarracenia, Veratrum v.
VAGINITIS-
Hedeoma 524? Nymhh. 750 ?
VARICOCELE—
Collinsonia 253. Hamamelis?
VARICOSES-
Collinsonia?
Hamamelis 491, 493, 512, 513.
VARIOLA—
Bap. 142. Caul, 173. Cim 211.
Dioscorea 300. Gel. 418.
Hydrastis 564,565,566,567,568.
Sarracenia 938,946,947, to 960.
Veratrum viride 1051.
VERMINOUS AFFECTIONS—
(See worms.)
VERTIGO-
Esculus glab. 18. Bapt. 139.
Cactus 155. Caulophy. 176.
Eryng. 337. Euphorbia 375.
Gels. 421. Helonias 533.
Lobelia 688. Sang. 920.
VICARIOUS MENSTRUAT’N.
Baptisia 145. Cimicifuga 221.
Collins. 255. Hamamelis 506.
Mitchella. Puls. N? Senecio ?
VOMITING—
Esculus hip. 40.
Apocy. andr. 89. Asarum 97.
Cactus 157. Eup. perf. 356.
Collins. 254. Erigeron 324.
Sanguin 928.
Asclep. tub. 120.
Cimicifuga 220.
Iris v, 611,617.
Caulop. 177:
Gels, 432.
Hamamelis 494. Hedeo. 522.
Lobelia 691. Phyto. 789.
Puls. 859,611,617. Trio, 1021.
Veratrum 1058,1060.
of Pregnancy.
Aletris f. 58. Cauloph. 177.
Cornus 277. Cim. 219. Dio. 300
Gel. 443. Euph. 376. Hel. 533.
WHITLOW--
Phytolacca 802.
WARTS-
Asclepias sys.? Geranium 461
Phytolacca 802. Rhus glab.870
WOUNDS-
Collin.250. Erig.319. Ger.462.
Gnaph. Ham. Rhus g.870. Tril.
WORMS-
Apoc.a.89. Asc.s.104 Asc.t115
Chelone 191,192. Euphor. 376.
Gelsem. 435. Gnaphalium. 470.
Helonias 528. Podophyllum 805
LIST OF PROVERS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND HOMEOPATHIC
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.*
71 | FULLGRAFF, 0.... .1078 | OLMSTED, C. C…………….
431,991 GARNSEY, C. A.-193,447, 604 OKIE, A. É.
458 GATCHELL, H. P...
263 | GILCHRIST, J. G…………….
GRAY, John F....
GREEN, S. W..
GORDON, F. W
193
ALLEY, Jas. T…………
ALLEN, T. F……………
AMOSS, E. N…………
ALLEN, H. C…………….
ALBERTSON, J. A……………. 576
BALL, A. R……….
BAILEY, F. A. (Eng.)... 384
BAIKIE, Robt. (Eng.)……- 746
BANCROFT, A. A…----- 46
BANKS. W. M.
BAHRENBURG,
BARROW, Geo..
BATHRICK, F
--
509
997
BELCHER, Geo. E...
BECKER,
BEEBE, É. W…….
352
(Ger.) 957
400
830 OWEN, D. C..
588 PAINE, H. M.
71, 984 PAYNE, W.E
1038 PAYNE, E. M.
965 PAINE, J. P..
.1104 | PAYNE, N. M.
HAHNEMANN ………-22, 383 | PARKS, J. M……..
G
L. (Fr.)----
|
168
488
806
-29, 898
507, 841
511
622
837
339
997
924
-352, 499
489
.. 787
917
319
513
471 HALE, P. H…….19, 174, 263 etc. PATTISON, J. (Eng)………. 506
762 HASTINGS, Hugh (Eng). 551 | PEASE, G. M.
BARNES, G. W ………. 83, 674 HELMUTH,W.T 185 304,1104 | PETTIT,
HEMPEL, Ć. J 693, 877
HENRY, J...86, 398, 407, 1047
BAYES, Wm. (Eng.)………. 556 HERING, C………..241, 396, 481
BECKWITH, S. R………. 139 HILL, B. L..19, 215, 344, etc.
BELL, J. B………. 128,414 HOFFMAN, E. F. (Ger.) 40
494 HOLCOMBE, W. II.-412, etc
923 HORTON, E. A...637,570,431
922 HOYT, P. B.. .139 878
HULL, A. G... 71, 971
HUNT, F. W.
928
HUNTINGTON, Wm... 344
HUGHES, R. (Eng.)--44, etc.
HULL, A H..
-1083
IRISH, Thomas.
988
JEANES, David-346,693, 824
JOSLIN, B. F. Sen.,..835, 896
997 JONES, Silas.
|
58, 997
101
G….. -336, 972
BELDEN, L. C………………
BILDEN.
BIGELOW, F....
BLAKE, Edmund (Eng.)- 787
BLACK, Francis (Eng.)-- 798
BLAKELY, W. J
447
BROWN, G C...
BROWN, T. B
782
581
BOYCE, C. W... 22, 783,
BUDD, 11. W. (Eng.)
---
787
JONES, A. C.
JONES, W. G
BUCHMAN, -(Ger.) 22
--
---
881 | KEEP. J. L...
BURT. 30,125,139,171,259, etc. JAHR, (Ger.)
BURBANK, J. C…….
C....
BURRITT,
-446, 767
(Fr.)………. 742
PETTITT, B. F
PETERSON, J. C. 145,303, etc.
POWERS, D. C……….
PRATT, L...
PRESTON, J. C………---
REED, H. R. (Eng.).
RHEES, J. M.
RING, Hamilton
ROBINSON, H. Jr……………
ROGERS, D. W……….73, 92, etc.
ROGERSON, Robt. (Eng.) 579
ROGERS, Smith.....345, 309
ROWIEÝ, W.
ROWLAND, J. G……….. 539
RUBINI, Rocci (Italy) 151, 163
RUSSELL, G. R. (En) 132, 165
SANFORD,
SAPP,
SAVERY, A (Fr.)………………… 115
1105 | SAXTON, H. M..
795 SCHELL, S. M..:.
SCHAFFER, L..
489 KENDALL, L 201,383,767, 816
BUTE, G. H.... 241, 918, 932 | KENYON,
BURR, C. II.
BURDICK, S. P
CARROLL, A. L……….
CAMERON, C. C………….
CHAMBERLAIN,
CHASE, A. G....
CLARK, H. B…………….
236
810
-1015
.472, 994
237, 581
CLARK, E…………
531
CLARK, L. A.....
626
CLEVELAND, W. L....
556
CHANDLER, G. E.
E....
707
CLERBORNE,
105
COWLES, Edwin
244
501
139
601
139
561
827
902
482
919.
263
..117
SEARLE, W.S………-208,405, 772
SELLERS, Charles...
SHOLL.
SHEPERD,
SHAW, A. R…….
SHERWIN,
(Eng.).. 783
SHIDE, R
226
SHIPMAN, Geo. E……. 388
SMITH. C. C..79,128,213, 514
SMITH, J. H. [Eng.]- 139
SMITH, D. S…………………-211, 783
SMITH. J. E……….
138
529 KIDD, Joseph (Eng.) 131
991 KIMBALL, D. S...--544. 767
KITCHEN, James... 605
KREBS, J. H
257
KORNDOEFER, Aug. -1085
LA BRUNNE, (Fr.)…………….1100
LADE, Geo. (Eng.)……………. 615
LAZARUS, M. E.....409, 738
LEE, C. H...
-35, 500
LILIENTHAL, S.. 1001
LIPPE, A.95, 151, 163, 407 etc.
LOGAN, Geo (Can.) 46,207, 574
750 LODGE, E. A.....345,430, 573
COMSTOCK, T. G..
LUDLAM, R.173, 204, 410 etc.
COGGSWELL, C. H…………. 331
331 LUTES, C. H..
992
COXE, J. R. Jr. -483,1:07 MADDEN, Henry (Eng.) 423
CRESSON, C. C
627 MANDEVILLE. F. B………. 772
CUSHING, A M..142,250,etc. MANN, O. H...-620,799, 867
CUTHBURT, W. M.. 48 MARCÝ. E. E.-65,84,208, etc.
CULLIS, Charles.. __1068 MARSDEN, J. H.. -80, 559
DAVISON, J. M. (Eng.)…. 492 MARSHALL, A.V. 761,784,etc
DOY, John
-783, 993 MATHESON, D. (Eng.)…- 786
DOUGLAS, S, J…….19, 189, etc. MATHEWS, M. M…………….1019 TINKER, M. A……----968,1040
DRESSER, B. L... 361 MCCLELLAN, R. C-229, etc. TOOTHAKER, C. E……….. 514
DRUMMOND, J (En.)798.1053 McLIMONT, (Eng.). 559 VIRGIN, W. S………. ...1088
DUDGEON, R. E. (Eng.) 152 | McGEORGE, w
-1092 WALKER, A.
142
DUFFIELD, H...
646 MERRILL, S. A.-451, 778, 808 WALKER, M. M.-------1100
DUNHAM, Carroll 165,347,902 | MERCER, R. T
793 WALKER, L.
L……………. 233, 728
DUHRING, G……..
162 | MEDCALFE, J. W. 388 WARD.
|
SMART, A. R.366,769, 986,etc.
SMALL, A. E.128, 352,509,etc.
SPRANGER, F. X..
SUNDERLIN, V. W…….
SUMNER, H. A...
TALMADGE, R.
TALBOT, I. T..
TALMADGE, J. T………..
TESTE, A. [Fr.]-
THOMAS, C..
THOMPSON,
DUNCAN, T. C..24,714,888,940 MITCHENER, J. C…………. 313 WARREN, W
EADON, Saml. (Eng.) 587, 797
EASTON, D. J. (Fr.)………. 955
EHRINGER,
FAIRBANKS, C. D..874, 929
FALL, J. C..
FELLOWS, H. B…….
FINCKE, B
997 MURCH, A. J.
----
79
315
315
..1019
473
830
6x1
942
139
832
.28, 759
406 WARREN, H. M……………-78, 665
340 WARREN, E. B..
MOORE,
MORGAN, L. S.
568
284
MORGAN, J. C….
MORRISON, J. E
100 NORTON
WELLS, L. B..
WELLS, P. P……..407, 688, 906
WEAVER, C. H
.1103
757 | NEJDHARD C.-201, 346, etc. WHITE, W. H…………---328. 430
407 NICHOL, Thomas (Can.) 105 WHITESIDE, W N[ Can.]- 553
(Ger.)----- 678 WILLIAMS, C. A. 181,223,etc.
681 WILLIAMSON. Wal. 346, 811
388
48
711
572
882 WIGAND, H…….
578
935
FOSTER, G. S………. 541, 782 NOACK,
FOWLER, E. P.
FRELIGH, M……….
FRELAND,
FRY, Wm...
འངང
;
70, 74 NICHOLS, A. B………. -1007 WILKINSON, J.G.[E.]142,etc.
1015 OEHME, F. G..
673 O'BRIEN,W.C.(Eng.)175, etc. WOLFF, [Ger.]-
* The abbreviations designate the nationality of the authority, namely Eng. (English), Fr
(French), Gr. (German), Can Canada]: all others are residents of the United States.
LIST OF REMEDIES.
Esculus glabra,
Æsculus hippocastanum
Agave americana,
Aletris farinosa,
Alnus rubra,
460
Page 16 Gelseminum semper virens,386
19 Geranium maculatum,
52 Gnaphalium polycephalum 469
54 Gossypium herbaceum,
59 Gymnocladus canadensis, 481
Ampelopsis quinquefolium, 62 Hamamelis virginica,
Apocynum androsemifolium 84 Hedeoma pulegioides
Apocynum cannabinum,
Aralia racemosa,
Arum triphyllum,
Asarum canadense,
Asclepias incarnata,
Asclepias syriaca,
Asclepias tuberosa,
63 Helonias dioica,
90 Hepatica triloba,
475
487
514
526
542
93, 1083 Hydrastis canadensis, 546,1085
96 Iris versicolor,
590, 1103
99 Juglans cinerea,
621
103 Lachnanthes tinctoria,
643
114 Leptandra virginica,
652
Baptisia tinctoria,
123 Lobelia inflata,
676
Cactus grandiflorus,
151 Lycopus virginicus,
704
Caulophyllum thalictroid., 170 Mitchella repens,
713
Cerasus virginiana,
186 Myrica cerifera,
725
Chelone glabra,
190 Nabulus serpentaria,
737
Chimaphila umbella., 193, 1083 Nuphar lutea,
741
Cimicifuga racemosa,
202 Nymphæa odorata,
748
Cistus canadensis,
238 Phytolacca decandra,
753
Collinsonia canadensis,
249 Podophyllum peltatum,
804
Comocladia dentata,
264 Polygonum hydropiper,
834
Cornus circinata,
272 Pulsatilla Nuttalliana,
845
Cornus florida,
280 Rhus glabrum,
867
Corydalis formosa,
286 Rhus venenata,
874
Cypripedium pubescens, 291 Rumex crispus,
Dioscorea villosa, 297, 1084 Sanguinaria canadensis,
Erechthites hieracifolius, 316 Sarracenia purpurea, 937,1104
895
912
Erigeron canadense,
Eryngium aquaticum,
318 Scutellaria lateriflora,
330 Senecio aureus,
962
969
Euphorbia corollata,
Frasera carolinensis,
Galium,
Zizia aurea.
Euonymus atropurpureus, 340 Sticta pulmonaria,
Eupatorium aromaticum, 343 Stillingia sylvatica,
Eupatorium perfoliatum, 345 Trillium pendulum,
Eupatorium purpureum, 358 Triostcum perfoliatum,
379 Xanthoxylum fraxineum, 1065
990
1003
1009
1018
371 Urtica urens,
377 Veratrum viride,
1077
1105
1022
Hi
P
罪
​
3 9015 02006 8543
:
:

3