La
3
1
A
JOURNAL
OF THE
།།།
SWEDISH AMBASSY,
IN THE YEARS M.DCC.LIII. AND M.DCC.LIV.
VOL. II.
+
·Parsons
▼
Brituell
6-3-2 j
11990
*
A
JOURNAL
OF THE
SWEDISH
AMBASSY,
IN THE YEARS M.DC.LIII. AND M.DC.LIV.
FROM THE
COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND,
AND IRELAND.
WRITTEN BY THE AMBASSADOR
Stride
Sir Buls
THE LORD COMMISSIONER WHITELOCKE.
WITH
AN APPENDIX OF ORIGINAL PAPERS.
VOL.
II.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR T. BECKET AND P. A. DE HONDT, IN THE STRAND,
BOOKSELLERS TO THEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES THE PRINCE OF WALES
AND BISHOP OF OSNABURGH.
M DCC LXXII.
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​:
A
:
J
1
A
JOURNAL
OF THE
SWEDISH AM BAS SY.
T
MARCH 25, 1654.
HIS day, by the ſwediſh computation, as well as 1654.
that of England, is the firſt day of the year 1654.
Mr. Bloome came to Whitelocke with a complement from
the chancellor, that he was forry he could not vifit White-
locke before his going out of towne, bicauſe he was ill, and
retired himſelfe into the countrey to be quit from buifnes
and to recover his health; and att his returne he would come
to Whitelocke and conferre with him.
This gentleman Whitelocke apprehended to be often fent
to him, as a ſpye, to inquire of his intentions; and therfore
he thought good to make uſe of him by telling fuch things
VOL. II.
A
to
Mar. 25.
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.to him, as Whitelocke thought and wiſhed might be agayne
reported by Bloome unto the chancellor.
Mar. 25.
26.
Therfore, among other difcourfes, Whitelocke told
Bloome, that France, Spayne, Portugall, Italy, Holland,
Switzerland, Denmarke, and other princes and ſtates, had
fent their publique miniſters to the protector, defiring friend-
fhip with him; butt his highnes, having ſent his ambaſſador
into this kingdome, they had teftifyed fo little refpect to
him, that in three or four moneths time they had not vouch-
fafed to give him an anſwear to his propofalls.
Mr. Symonds, an engliſhman, excellent in his art of graving
and taking off pictures in little, in waxe, for which he had
regard in this court, and promifes of money; this perſon
often frequented Whitelocke, his countryman, and his houſe ;
and, after ſome time, made a requeft to Whitelocke to ſpeake
to the queen in his favour.
Whitelocke, knowing that ambaffadors' offices ought not
to be cheape, told Symonds in a kind of drollery, that
furely he could not expect fuch a courteſy from him, fince,
being an engliſhman, he had not acquainted the engliſh am-
baffador with any matter of confequence, nor done any
fervice to his countrey fince Whitelocke's arrivall heer ; that,
when he ſhould deſerve it, Whitelocke would be ready to
doe him fervice.
The Lord's day. Divers English and Scotts came to the
publique duetyes of the day in Whitelocke's houfe; and
amongſt other difcourfe, Whitelocke learnt from them, that
Waters, one of his trumpetts, going late in the evening to
his lodging, was fett uppon by fome drunkards, with their
fwords, and wounded, wherof he continued very ill. White-
locke
7
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
3
locke examined and reproved fome of his company for dif- 1654.
orders committed by them on the Lord's day and other dayes, Mar. 26.
which he told them he would not beare: and it was the worfe
in their committement of thofe crimes, and the leffe reafon
for them to expect a connivence therat, bicaufe Whitelocke
had ſo often and fo publiquely inveighed againſt the pro-
phanation of that day in this place; butt among 100 fome
will be always found baſe, vitious, and wicked.
This being Eaſter Monday, fome of Whitelocke's people 27.
went to the caſtle to hear the queen's muſick in her chappell,
which they reported to Whitelocke to be very curious; and
that, in the afternoon, was appointed an antient folemnity of
running att the ring.
Some Italians of the queen's mufick dined with White-
locke, and afterwards fang to him, and prefented him with
a book of their fongs, which, according to expectation, was
not unrewarded.
Whitelocke went not abroade this feftivall time to vifit
any body, nor did any grandees come to vifit him: he
had an imagination that they might be forbidden to doe it,
the rather bicaufe Piementelle and Woolfeldt, who were
accuſtomed to come often to him, had of late refrained to doe
it, and had not anfweared Whitelocke's laft vifite in ten
dayes.
The
queen had alſo excuſed her not admitting Whitelocke
to have audiences, by faying fhe was buify, or fick; when,
att the fame time, Piementelle and others were admitted to
her preſence, and for two or three howers togither diſcourſe
with her this was recented and ſpoken of by Whitelocke,
fo as it might come to the queen's eare.
A 2
After
JOURNAL OF THE
Mar. 28.
1654. After the mafter of the ceremonies had dined with White-
locke, and was in a good humor, he deſired Whitelocke to
withdraw from the reſt of the ſtrangers, and that he might
fpeake privately with him; and, going in to the bed-chamber,
the mafter told him, that he had heard from fome that White-
locke had expreffed a difcontent, and the mafter defired to
know if any had given him offence, or if there were any
thing wherin the maſter might doe him fervice..
Whitelocke faid, he apprehended fome occafion of dif
content, in that he had attended heer neer four moneths, and
had not yett obtained any anfwear to his propofalls: the
mafter excuſed the delay, in regard of the queen's purpoſe
of quitting the governement... Whitelocke faid, he believed
that occafioned much trouble to her majeſty, and which
gave him cauſe to doubt, that his frequent vifits of her ma-
jefty might give her fome inconvenience. He replyed, that
Whitelocke's company was very agreeable to the queen,
though att preſent flie was overcharged with buifnes..
Wh. I doe acknowledge the favours I have received from
her majefty, and your civilities to me, for which I ſhall not
be ungratefull.
Mr. Would it not be of advantage to your buifnes to
attend for the conclufion of it, untill the coronation of our
new king, to be affented to by him; by which means the
alliance will be more firme, then to have it done by the
queen fo neer her quitting of the governement ?
Wh. I fhall hardly ftay fo long a time as till the beginning
of the raigne of your new king; nor have I any letters of
credence or commiffion butt to the queen: and I believe
that all acts, done by her before her refignation, will be held
good,
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
5
good, and perticularly this touching the friendſhip with 1654.
England, which I fuppofe will be alſo very agreeable to his n
kingly highnes, and be inviolably obſerved by him.
Mr. I doe not doubt butt that the new king will obſerve
the alliance which the queen ſhall make with England, butt
perhappes it might better be made with the new king him-
felfe; and although you have no letters of credence to him,
yett you may write into England and have them fent
to you..
Mar. 28.
Wh. That will require more time then I have to ſtay in
this place. I believe the new king will not be crowned yett
theſe two or three moneths; and it will be two moneths from
this time before I can receive new credentialls from Eng--
land, and two or three moneths after that before I can re-
turne home by which account I fhall be abroade yett eight
moneths longer, which will be till the next winter; and
that would be too long a time for me to be abfent from my
family and affayres in England.
Mr. I ſhall ſpeake with the queen in this buifnes, and
ſhortly returne to you.
It was imagined by Whitelocke, that the mafter of the
ceremonies was purpoſely ſent to him to found him touching
the deferring of the treaty; and the like errand Mr. Bloome
came to him about: and Whitelocke fully declared to them
his diſtaſte of any thought therof, and the more att large
and poſitively, bicauſe he knew what he ſaid would be re-
ported to the full to her majefty and to the chancellor.
The mafter of the ceremonies came to Whitelocke from
the queen to excufe Whitelocke's not having had audiences
when
<
29,
JOURNAL OF THE
Mar. 29,
1654. when he deſired them; which, he ſaid, was bicaufe her
majefty had bin fo full of buifnes, which had hindred her,
and perticularly bicaufe of the holydayes; butt, he faid, if
Whitelocke pleafed to have his audience to-morrowe, the
queen would be glad to fee him. Whitelocke defired the
maſter to returne his thankes to her majeſty for her favours,
and to lett her know, that he ſhould be ready to attend
her att fuch time as the fhould appoint: the maſter ſaid,
he would acquaint her majeſty heerwith, and fo went away
in the midſt of dinner.
The lord Douglas, a Scottfinan, came to vifit White-
locke: he is an antient fervant to this crowne, he was a page
to king Guſtavus Adolphus, and by him preferred to mili-
tary commaund; wherin he quitted himſelfe fo well, that he
was promoted to be generall of the horſe, and was now a
baron and ricks-ſtalle maſter, or mafter of the horſe,
in
Sweden.
He excuſed himſelfe that he had not oftener viſited
Whitelocke, being hindred by his ficknes of an ague, which
had held him thirty weeks, and had not yett left him. He
faid, that the next day after his arrivall heer, the queen
aſked him, if he had bin to ſee the engliſh ambaſſador, and
that Whitelocke was much obliged to the queen for her
good opinion of him: wherof, Whitelocke faid, he had re-
ceived many teftimonies, and of her reſpects to the protec-
tor and common-wealth, as well as to their fervant.
Douglas faid, that, beſides her reſpect to the protector,
ſhe had a perticular reſpect for Whitelocke; with much diſ-
courfe of that nature.
He
j
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
7
He then went to viſite his old camerade colonell Potley, 1654.
who was ill and kept his chamber.
He fell uppon the diſcourſe, that it would be convenient
for Whitelocke to ſtay heer till the coronation of the new
king, that the treaty might be concluded by him: to which
the fame anfwears were given by Whitelocke, as he had be--
fore given to the mafter of the ceremonies..
Whileft the lord Douglas was in: Whitelocke's houfe,
Grave Eric came to Whitelocke, by commaund of the queen,
to excufe the delay of his buifnes, and that fome of his
audiences had bin remitted: he ſaid, her majeſty had bin
informed by the maſter of the ceremonies, that Whitelocke
fhould fay, he had demaunded audiences three times, and
could not obtaine one. Whitelocke anſweared, that there
was a little miſtake therin, though there was fomething neer
it, and faid, it was not his defire to occafion trouble to her
majefty.
Mar. 29.
Eric anfweard, that the queen defired Whitelocke would
excufe her by reaſon of the holy-dayes, during which time,
they did not uſe, in this countrey, to treate of any buif-
nes, and that the queen had likewife many other hinder--
ances; butt that, whenfoever it ſhould pleafe Whitelocke to
come to her majefty, he would be very wellcome.
He ſaid he was going out of town to his father to con--
duct him hither, and that within a day or two he would .
vifit Whitelocke, and that his buifnes would have a ſpeedy
diſpatch. Whitelocke wifhed him a good journey, and
that he and his father might have a fafe and fpeedy returne
hither.
Piemen--
8
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Mar. 29.
30.
Piementelle ſent to Whitelocke to move the queen 'to
graunt her pardon to a Swede who had killed another, for
which, by the law, he was to dye; and Piementelle offered
to ſecond Whitelocke, if he would intreat the queen for her
pardon to the homicide.
Whitelocke defired to be excufed heerin, alleadging, that
he being a publique miniſter, it was not proper for him,
nor for Piementelle, to interpofe with her majeſty in a mat-
ter of this nature, and perticularly touching her own fub-
jects, and in a matter of bloud; butt this denyall Piemen-
telle feemed to take ill, and to be more ftrange to White-
locke afterwards.
The holy-dayes being paft, Piementelle had his audience
appointed this day to take his leave of the queen: White-
locke fent his fon James, and fome others of his gentle-
men, to be preſent att it, who reported to Whitelocke,
that Piementelle ſpake to the queen in ſpaniſh, and that ſhe
anfweared him in fwediſh, which was interpreted by Grave
Tott; that Piementelle obferved very much ceremony, and
when he made his publique harangue to the queen, he
grew very pale and trembled, which was ſtrange for a man
of his parts, and who had bin fo frequent in his converfa-
tion with her majeſty: butt, fome faid, it was a high com-
plement, acted by the Spanyard to the life, to pleaſe the
queen, who tooke delight to be thought, by her majefty and
prefence, to putt a dread and daunting uppon foreiners;
which, in a trueth, fhe was noted often to doe, when
publique minifters had their audiences in folemnity with
her majeſty.
One of the queen's lacquayes came to Whitelocke's houſe,
in dinner time, to defire him from the queen to come to
her
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
Mar. 39.
her att two a'clocke. Whitelocke was a little fenfible of 1654.
the quality of the meffenger, and therfore himfelfe would
not ſpeak with him, butt fent his anfwear by one of his fer-
vants, and accordingly waited on the queen.
He was mett att the guard-chamber by Grave Tott, and
divers of the queen's fervants, with more folemnity then
ordinary, and preſently brought to the queen.
After her excufe of his not having had audiences, fhe fell
into diſcourſe of his buifnes: Whitelocke preſented to her a
forme of articles, according to his own obfervations uppon
thoſe articles he had formerly given in, and uppon thoſe he
received from Grave Eric.
Theruppon the queen faid to him, you will not confent
to any one of my articles, butt infift uppon all your owne.
Whitelocke fhowed her wherin he had confented to divers
of her articles, and for what reafons he could not agree to
the reft; they had much diſcourſe uppon the whole, to the
fame effect as hath bin before remembred.
The queen told Whitelocke, that if thoſe articles ſhould
not be concluded, that, nevertheleſs, the amity between
the two nations might be continued. Whitelocke anſwear-
ed, that it would be no great teftimony of amity, nor
proofe of reſpect, to the protector and common-wealth, to
fend back their fervant, after fo long attendance, without
effecting any thing.
The queen faid, fhe would diſpatch his buiſnes within a
few dayes, and, ſhe hoped, to his contentment. Whitelocke
told her, it was in her majeſty's power to doe it; that he
could not ſtay untill the change wherof people diſcourſed,
VOL. II.
B
and
IO
JOURNAL OF THE
1654, and that he had her majefty's promife for his difpatch,.
which he knew fhe would not breake.
Mar. 30.
?
* See ap-
pendixM.
Then the queen fell into other difcourfes, and, in perti-
cular, of poetry; which occafion Whitelocke tooke to fhew
her a coppy of latin verſes, made by an engliſh gentleman,.
a friend of Whitelocke's, and fent over to him hither, and
which he had now about him, and knew that fuch diver--
fions were pleaſing to the queen *
Att his leiſure howers, Whitelocke turned thefe verfes
into engliſh, which ran thus:
To the most illuſtrious, and most excellent lord, the lord White--
locke, ambafador extraordinary to the most ferene queen of
Sweden. An Ode.
Whitelocke, delight of Mars, the ornament
Of gowne men, from thy countrey being fent,
Tribunalls languish, Thernis fad is led,
Sighing unter her mourning widdowes bed:
Without thee fuitors in thick crowdes doe run,
Sowing perpetuall ftrife, which once begun,
Till happy fate thee home againe ſhall ſend,
Thoſe fharpe contentions will have no end.
Butt through the fnowy feas, and northern wayes,,
When the remoter fun made ſhorteſt dayes;
Ore tops of craggy mountains, paths untrode,
Where untam'd creatures only make abode.
Thy love to thy deare countrey hath thee brought
Ambaffador from England; thou haft fought
The fwediſh confines buryed in froft,
Straight wilt thou fee the french and ſpaniſh coaft;
And
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
II
And them faft bind to thy lov'd Britanny,
In a perpetuall league of amity.
So wilt thou arbitrator be of peace,
Her pious author; thou wilt caufe to ceafe
The found of war, our ears it fhall not pierce;
Thou wilt be chancellor of the univerſe.
Chriſtina, that fweet nimph, no longer fhall
Detaine thee, be thou carefull not to fall,
Prudent Uliffes under thofe delights,
To which the learned Circes thee invites :
Thy chaft Penelope doth call thee flowe,
Thy friends call for thee home, and they doe knowe
New ambaffyes; affayres abroade, att home
Require thy fervice, ftay till thou do'ft come.
Thou keeper of the feale, do'ft take away
Forein contentions; thou do'ft cauſe to ſtay
The warres of princes: fhutt thou Janus gate,
Ambaſſador of peace to every ſtate.
The queen was much delighted with theſe, and other
verfes, which Whitelocke fhowed her, read them over
feverall times, and defired coppyes of them, which White-
locke fent her: and, in this good humor, fhe wifhed White-
locke to leave with her a coppy of his articles, as he had
now reviſed them, and to come to her againe the next day;
when he would give him a further anfwear, and, fhe
hoped, to his contentment.
Woolfeldt vifited Whitelocke, and excufed his long
abſence by reafon of the holy-dayes. He informed White-
locke, with much freedome, that it was againſt the intereſt
of Spayne, that England and Sweden fhould be in alliance
togither; and that Whitelocke's negotiation had bin hin-
B 2
dered
1654.
Mar. 39.
12
JOURNAL OF THE
Mar. 39.
1654. dered by the ſpaniſh reſident heer, more then by any
other: wherunto Whitelocke faid little pofitively, butt com-
pared his wordes with the late carryage of Piementelle, ef-
petially fince Whitelocke did not fo heartily intertaine the
queen's motion (which probably Piementelle
putt her
uppon) to have the Spanyard included in the league with
England and Sweden, which Whitelocke was not impowred
to treate uppon; and Whitelocke alſo remembred the de-
ferring of his audiences lately defired. Butt theſe things he
was to keep to himfelfe, and to court Woolfeldt, which he
did, and Piementelle likewife, who came to vifit White-
locke whileft Woolfeldt was with him, and made the fame
excufe as he had done for his long abfence: they had much
generall diſcourſe, butt nothing (as ufually before) touching
Whitelocke's buifnes. Piementelle fayd, he purpoſed to
depart from Ubſale within ſeven or eight dayes; that yeſter-
day he had taken his leave of the queen, and came, in the
next place, to take his leave of Whitelocke; who
who gave him
thankes for this honor, and faid, he was forry for the de-
parture of Piementelle, wherby he ſhould have a very great
loffe, in being deprived of the acceptable converfation of
fo honorable a friend.
Whitelocke received many letters from England; in.thofe
from Thurloe, he faith: "I am forry your laſt letters give
us no greater hopes of that which we fo much long for,
to wit, your excellence's ſpeedy returne home; it feeming
by them, that the treaty was not much advanced fince
your laſt before, notwithſtanding the great care and dili-
gence uſed by your excellency for the promoting therof,
as alſo the great acceptance you have with the queen and
court, as is acknowledged by other publique minifters re-
fiding there.
It is now more then probable, they will ex-
pect the iſſue of the dutch buifnes before they will come to.
any
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
13
Mar. 30.
any conclufion; as alſo to ſee what termes we are like to 1654.
be uppon with France, that fo the queen may manage her
treaty with England accordingly, which, I ſuppoſe, ſhe
may not be long ignorant of: in the mean time, his high-
nes thinkes, he is fomwhat delayed on her part."
Then Thurloe relates all the paffages of the dutch am-
baffadors, and that, in effect, they had agreed to the articles;
of the indeavors of the french to have a league with the
protector, and no leffe of the ſpanyard. And he writes,
att large, the newes of the arch-duke, as alſo that of Scot-
land and Ireland, and confutes the rumor of a diſcontent in
the army of the protector.
In another letter from Thurloe, of a later date, received:
by the fame poft, he faith thus :
"His highnes underſtands, by your excellence's laſt let-
ters, that the treaty with the queen of Sweden will much
depend uppon the treaty with the dutch heer, and, untill
the iffue of that be knowne, no great matter is to be ex-
pected from your negotiation; concerning which, it being
very probable that, before the next ordinary, it will be feen
what iffue the dutch treaty will be brought unto, his high-
nes will referre his further directions to you till then; leav-
ing it to your excellency to proceed uppon the former in-
ftructions, as you fhall find it convenient, and for his fer-
vice, according as affayres now ftand."
The claufe in this letter, of referring further directions till
after the iſſue of the dutch treaty, was fome trouble to
Whitelocke's thoughts, fearing it might delay his returne
home;
butt he layd hold uppon the latter part of this let
ter, wherby it is left to Whitelocke to proceed uppon the
former
14
JOURNAL OF THE
Mar. 30.
1654. former inſtructions, as he ſhould find it convenient, and for
his highneſs's fervice; which, as it repofed a great truft in
Whitelocke, fo it gave him warrant to conclude his treaty,
and obliged him to the more care to performe that truft
which they had fo fully putt in him.
Mnr. Bonnele reprefenting to the protector the loffes
which the Swedes fuffered by the ſhips of England, the pro-
tector cauſed an anfwear therunte to be returned, the
coppy wherof was fent by Thurloe to Whitelocke, and was
thus:
"Wheras Mnr. Bonnele, refident of the queen of Swe-
den, hath, by a paper of the fourth of March, remonftrat-
ed to his highnes, that feverall fhips and goods, belonging
to the faid queen and her fubjects, are taken att fea by the
ſhips of this ſtate, and brought into theſe parts, contrary
to the declaration of the councell of ftate, 1ft April, 1653;
wherby they did declare, that, for preventing the prefent
obſtruction of trade, all fhips truely belonging to the queen,
or her fubjects, of Sweden, that ſhould bring with them
certificates from her faid majefty, or the chiefe magiſtrate
of the place from whence they come, grounded uppon the
reſpective oaths of the magiftrates and loaders, that the faid
ſhip and lading doe belong, bonâ fide, to the faid queen,
or her fubjects, and to no ftranger whatſoever, fhould
and might freely paffe without interruption or difturbance.
His highnes hath commaunded, that it be returned in
anfwear to the faid refident, that although the faid decla-
ration was to be in force for the ſpace of three months, in
which time a forme of paffe-port and certificates was to be
thought of for preventing fraud and collufion, yett no pro-
vilion of that nature having bin yett agreed uppon, and it
being
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
I 5
Mar. 30.
being contrary to his intention, that the goods and fhips, 1654.
belonging to her faid majefty, or fubjects (with whom he
defires to conferve all good correfpondence), fhould, in the
meane time, ſuffer inconvenience or prejudice by the ſhips
of this ftate, hath renewed, as he doth heerby renew, the
faid declaration, with refpect to the preſent treaty now on
foot between the two nations, wherin fome courfe may be
provided for preventing the ſaid fraudes.
"And to the end there may be the better effect of this
declaration, his highnes hath given order to the judges of
the admiralty, that if any fhips or goods be brought into
theſe parts, belonging to her majefty, or fubjects, that the
producing of certificates, according to the faid declaration,
in open court, and uppon oath made by them, that doe
produce fuch certificates, that they are good and authen-
tique, and obtained without fraud or deceipt, that the
judges fhall theruppon (there being no proofe before them
to the contrary) difcharge the faid fhips or goods without
further delay. Provided, that fuch fhips were not bound
with contrabanda goods to the ports or harbours of any of
the united provinces.
"For the herring buffe, there having bin proceedings
theruppon in the court of admiralty, and a fentence of con--
demnation given againſt her, as belonging to the ennemies
of this ftate, his highnes doth not conceive, that it can
be expected from him to interpofe in matters belonging
to the deciſion of that court; befides, the law having,
in the ordinary courfe, provided a remedy, by way
of appeale, in cafe of wrong or injuſtice done by that.
court.
66 Ford
16
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
"For the goods of Mr. Alexander Cecconi, fuppofed to
be taken by a fhip belonging to this ftate, orders have bin
Mar. 30. given by the councell concerning them, and fome returne
made uppon thofe orders; and the faid commiffary may
reſt affured, that fpeedy and effectuall juftice will be done
in that perticular.
Jo. THURLO E."
31.
March 10th,
1653.
Thefe orders of the councell Whitelocke cauſed to be
tranflated into latin, that he might communicate them as he
faw occafion.
Whitelocke diſpatched a great number of letters to his
friends in England: in thofe to fecretary Thurloe, he gave
a full account of all tranfactions of his negotiations, and
paffages heer, fince his laft letters.
This day (though the poſt day) Woolfeldt againe vifited
Whitelocke, to his no little interruption in his difpatches;
yett from him Whitelocke learned many things in relation
to Denmarke, for the advantage of England; and Wool-
feldt teſtifyed great affection and reſpect to the protector
and common-wealth.
He was alfo interrupted by his attendance uppon the
queen, according to her appointment: the chancellor came
forth from her, as Whitelocke went in, and he told White-
locke, that the queen, hearing of his being without, had
fent to defire him to come in to her. Whitelocke read
ſome of his newes to the queen, and the paper which the
protector had caufed to be given to her commiffary Bonnele
att London; uppon which Whitelock tooke the boldnes
a little
7
A
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
17
a little to paraphrafe, and her majefty was well pleafed 1654.
with it.
They fell into difcourfe of the treaty, much to the fame
effect as formerly; butt Whitelocke ftayed the leffe time
with her majeſty, bicaufe he prefumed, that the chancellor
and his fon waited without to fpeake with her about his
buifnes. She promiſed Whitelocke to fend him an anſwear
of his buifnes the next day, and that one of her fhips
fhould be ready att the Dollars (the mouth of the haven of
Stockholme) to tranſport him to Lubec when he ſhould
defire it; which was acceptable to Whitelocke to thinke on,
and he thanked her majefty for it.
Thus was March paſt over, full of trouble, yett nothing
effected in his buifnes.
Mar. 31.
VOL. II.
C
· APRILL.
18
JOURNAL OF THE
?
APRIL L.
54. IN
Aprill 1.
1654. N the morning, in the market place, neere Whitelocke's
lodging, was an execution of one adjudged to dye for
a murther. The offender was brought into the midſt
of the market place, which was open and fpacious, and a
great multitude of people fpectators. The offender kneeled
downe uppon the ground, a great deale of fand being layd
under and about him to foake up his bloud, and a linnen cloth
was bound about his eyes: he ſeemed not much terrifyed,
butt, when the company fang a pfalme, he fang with them,
holding up his hands togither, and his body upright, his.
doublet off. He prayed alfo with the company, butt made
no ſpeech to them; nor did any other ſpeake to the people.
The executioner ftood behind him, with a great naked
fword in his hand, and a linnen apron before him, and,
while the offender was praying, the headſman in an inſtant,
att one backe-blow, cutt off his head, which fell downe
uppon the fand; and fome friends took it from the execu-
tioner, and carryed it away with the body to be buryed.
Preſently after this execution was paft, two other offen-
ders, for finaller crimes, were brought to the fame place to
fuffer the punishment of the law, which they call run-
ning the gauntlet; a ufuall puniflument among foldiers.
The people food in length in the market place about
100 yards, leaving an open fpace, or lane, between them of
about five yards diſtance: then the offender, being naked
to the wafte, was brought to one end of the lane or open
place.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
19
Aprill 1.
place. The people had roddes, or fwitches, of birch given 1654.
to as many as would take them, the offender was to runne
or goe, as he pleaſed (and one of them walked butt a ſpaniſh
pace), from one end of the lane of people to the other,
twice or thrice forward and backward: and all the way, as
he went, the people who had the fwitches lafhed the offen-
der as he paffed by them, harder or fofter, as they favoured
him.
Theſe are the moſt uſuall wayes of executions which
they have for criminall offences, and they doe not execute
men by hanging, which, they fay, is only fitt for dogges;
-butt, in cafes of great robberyes and murders, fometimes
they execute juftice by breaking the offenders uppon the
wheele, and leave the quarters of the body uppon it; fome
wherof were in the way as Whitelocke paſſed in his journey
by the great wilderneſs.
In the afternoon, fenator Scute came to Whitelocke,
and invited him to take the aier to fee the town of old
Ubfale, about a mile off; and, being there, Scute fhowed
him three great mounts of earth, caft up by the hands of
men, for monuments, in memory of their antient famous
kings, whofe feat had bin heer, and the place of their co-
ronation.
Theſe mounts had bin dedicated to three of their pagan
gods; the one to the god whom they call Teuo, who was
Mars, and from him they have the name of the day of the
weeke Teuoſdagh, which we call Tueſday, and the Ger-
mans Tulyconfoæg, and the Latins Dies Martis: the fecond
mount was dedicated to their God Woden, fo they called
Mercury, and from thence their day of the week is named
C 2
Wodenf
20
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 1.
1654. Wodenfdagh, which we alſo call Wedneſday, the Germans
Wosenfbeg, and the Latins Dies Mercurii; the third mount
was dedicated to their goddefle Freid, fo they called Venus,
and from thence comes the name of their Friedfdagh, which
we call Friday, the Germans Frigoæg, and the Latins Dies
Veneris.
There were alfo other reliques of decayed mounts, which
Whitelocke gueffed to have bin dedicated to their other
Gods, from whom they gave the names of the other dayes of
the week; as to Thor, whom they called Jupiter, and from
whence the day Thorefdagh, which we call Thurſday, the
Germans fay Thonysz, and the Latins Dies Jovis; another
mount dedicated to their god Setorn, from whence they
call Setornfdagh, as we fay Saturday, the Germans
Særeɲnyvæg, and the Latins Dies Saturni; another mount de-
dicated to Sunnan, as they call the Sun, and from thence
that day Sunnandagh, as we fay Sunday, the Germans
Sunnanbæg, and the Latins Dies Solis; the laſt mount dedi-
cated to Monan, that is the Moon, and from thence the
name of their Monandagh, which we call Monday, the
Germans Monansag, and the Latins Dies Luna.
In difcourfe uppon the way, Scute informed Whitelocke
of the matter of the ambaffy from the great duke of Mufco-
via to the queen of Sweden, which was to acquaint her
majefty, that the Great Duke had begun a warre againſt
the king of Poland; bicaufe, in a letter of his to the Great
Duke, he had omitted one of his great titles, a heynous
offence, and held by the Great Duke a fufficient ground of
war, and of his refolution to facrifice the bloud of his fellow
chriflians, to fatisfy his wicked pride.
Another
SWEDISH AMBA S-S Y.
21
Aprill +
Another ground of the war was, bicauſe a certain go- 165.4.
vernor of a province in Poland, in a writing, had placed
the name of the father of the Great Duke, before the name
of the prefent Great Duke; which was fo great an indig-
nity, that, for the fame, the now Great Duke demaunded of
the king of Poland to have the head of that governor fent
to him, and that not being done, was another caufe of the
begunne war.
To this the queen anfweared, that it did not appertaine
to her to give her opinion in a matter of this nature, whi-
ther ſhe did approve or difapprove of what was done by
the Great Duke; butt fhe did prefume, that the king of
Poland would therin give fitting fatisfaction to the Great
Duke; and that fhe did wifh, that there might be peace
between theſe two princes, and all the princes of Chriften-
dome. And with this anfwear the envoyees of the Great
Duke returned as wife as they came.
Scute alfo communicated unto Whitelocke an intelligence,
that the king of Denmarke had levyed fome forces which
he defigned againſt Hambourgh; pretending injuries done
to him by that citty, in relation to his pretentions of domi-
nion there, which probably might occaſion a war between
Denmarke and that free citty, which had ftrength and
riches, and people and wifdome, to defend themfelves
and Scute advifed Whitelocke, that if this fhould be fo,
that then he ſhould take his voyage fome other way, and
that it would be a great difturbance and daunger to him
to goe by Hambourgh, and thofe quarters, which would be
infefted with foldiers, and that then it would be his beft
way to returne by Gothenbergh; butt he did perfwade
Whitelocke, by all means, to falute the prince of Sweden
by the way of his returne.
White-
22
1654.
Aprill 1.
2.
3.
JOURNAL OF THE
Whitelocke faid, he thought it not probable that the king
of Denmarke would, att this time, ingage in a warre againſt
Hambourgh, and that his levying of foldiers might breed a
jealouſly in the crown of Sweden; that the certainty therof
could not be long undiſcovered, and accordingly he ſhould
governe his own refolutions; that it would be difficulte for
him to ſtay in his journey to falute the prince, butt he
much defired, and intended it before his departure.
Although the Lord's day, yett the Engliſh and Scotts who
were in the town, and not of Whitelocke's family, went
abroade to take the aier, and did not refort, as they uſed
to doe, to Whitelocke's houfe to the exerciſes of divine
worſhip, which were duely performed in his private fami-
ly; and after thofe facra peracta, Whitelocke retired him-
felfe to his private ſtudyes and meditations uppon the word
of trueth.
This day likewife the queen went abroad to take the
aier, and paſſed through the town in her coach, attended
by many gentlemen, and others, in her trayne, to the ill
example of her people, and after the bad cuftome of this
place.
The queen fent to Whitelocke to invite him to accom-
pany
her to take the aier.
By the way Whitelocke vifited Woolfeldt, who had much
difcourfe with him about the english fleet then att fea.
From him Whitelocke went to court, and attended the
queen in her coach to take the aier. They had not much
diſcourſe about his buiſines, and he thought not fitt to inter-
6
rupt
SWEDISH AMB A SS Y.
23
rupt her majeſty's pleaſures with ferious difcourfes, butt 1654.
fought to delight her with matters of diverfion and mirth..
When they were come back to the caftle, the queen faid
to Whitelocke:
Qu. To-morrow my chancellor will preſent you with the
articles drawne up by him, with fome alterations which I
judge to be reaſonable; and that ſhall be my final refolu-
tion about them.
Wh. Hath your majefty commaunded any mention in
thoſe new articles concerning contrabanda goods?
Qu. There is a fpecification of them..
Wh. Indeed, madame, I can hardly confent to any alte
ration uppon the ſubject of contrabanda goods, whileft the
edict of the Hollanders is in force theruppon.
Qu. After you have confidered theſe new articles, we
will ſpeake togither agayne about them.
Then the queen retired to her chamber, and Whitelocke
being come home, the fecretary Canterftein came to him
from the chancellor to excufe his not comming to vifit
Whitelocke, and faid, that, by the queen's commaund, the
chancellor had fent a new coppy of articles to Whitelocke.
He preſently read them, and had much difcourfe with the
fecretary uppon them, who faid, he did not doubt, butt
that, after communication with the chancellor, Whitelocke
would receive fatisfaction.
Aprill 3.
។
White-
24
JOURNAL OF THE
*
1654•
Aprill 4.
Whitelocke vifited Piementelle, and they had this dif
courfe :
Picm. The ambaffador of Denmarke did me the honor to
vifit me, and we had much difcourfe togither about the
english fleet now att fea; he told me, that in it were
10,000 foot foldiers, imbarqued for the north, which would
occafion great trouble to the king, his maſter, if it ſhould
be fo, which I acknowledged.
Wh. Your excellence knowes, that I have not bin att the
councell of ſtate in England for fixe moneths laft paft, ſo
that I know not the fecret defignes of my lord protector;
butt I believe it is no very difficult matter to land men in
Denmarke.
Piem. What progreffe hath the french ambaffador made
in the treaty between you and France?
Wh. If the queen will be pleaſed to give me my dif
patch, I hope to be uppon the place before the treaty with
the French be concluded: I have fomwhat to communicate
to the protector touching a treaty with Spayne, which your
lordſhip very well knowes; and it would be to purpoſe
that his highneſs ſhould know it, before the conclufion of a
treaty between England and France.
Piem. I am affured that the queen will difpatch you in
good time; butt I adviſe your excellence, in your returne,
not to paffe by Denmarke, for it is ill trufting of that king:
butt
your better way will be to Lubec, and from thence to
Hambourgh, and if you doe not find fhips ready there, you
may travayle by land to Collen, and from thence to Duyn-
kerke; which will be much better then to goe by Holland,
where
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
25
where they doe exceedingly exact uppon ftrangers; and 1654.
your common-wealth hath more ennemies there then in any
Aprill 4.
other place, befides the common people are rude and in-
folent.
Wh. I am ingaged to you for your good advice, which I
intend to follow.
After their difcourfe, Whitelocke prefented Piementelle
his medall in gold very like him, and it was received by Pie-
mentelle with much affection. Then Piementelle intreated
Whitelocke to give him a paffeport for his fervant, who had
the charge of conducting his baggage by fea to Duynkerke,
that he might freely paffe the men of warre of England;
the which was willingly done by Whitelocke, under his
hand and feale.
The french * and engliſh coppyes of the paffeport were* See ap-
thefe.
pendix N.
66
"Wheras Don Antonio Pementel de Prado, envoy ex-
"traordinary from his majesty the king of Spayne unto
her majesty the queen of Sweden, is now uppon his re-
"turne from this place unto Newport in Flanders, wherof
"his excellence is governor, and hath thought fitt to fend
part
of his trayne and goods from Hambourgh by fea
"unto Duinkerk, or fome other port, now in obedience to
his faid majefty the king of Spayne, in the low coun-
tryes; and, for the better conveyance of them, hath de-
"fired a palle from me, being ambalador extraordinary
from his highneis my lord protector of the common-
"wealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, unto her faid
majefty the queen of Sweden: thefe are therfore to de-
fire all commanders by fea or land, and all officers, or
VOL. II.
4 C
66
D
"others
26
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
(6
66
Aprill 4. 66
5.
-
or
others, of the faid common-wealth, whom it may con-
cerne, to permit the bearer heerof, Joos Froidure, fer-
vant unto the faid Don Antonio Pementel, with the ſhip
"and goods under his charge, viz. twenty chefts,
"packes, containing all forts of houfhold ftuffe, as veffels
"of filver, tapiſtries, linnen, apparell, field-beds, and
"other coffers and fuch like things, marked with D. A. P.
to paffe unto the faid port of Duinkerk, or any other
port now in obedience unto his faid majefty the king of
Spayn in the low countryes, quietly, and without any
"moleftation. Given under my hand and feale, att Ubfale
"in Sweden, this 4th day of April, 1654.
(6
66
" B. WHITE LOCKE."
In the morning Whitelocke went to the chancellor's lodg-
ing, and found his fon Grave Eric with him: the chancel-
lor made a long apology to excufe the delay of the treaty,
and faid;
Chan. My indifpofition of health hath chiefly occafioned
the delay, yett was I fo follicitous of your buifnes, that I
intreated the queen to appoint fome other perfon in my
ftead, who might conferre with your excellence; and her
majefty was pleaſed to appoint my fon for that fervice.
Wh. I was very forry for your excellence's want of
health, both in regard of my affection to your perfon, and
in reſpect of the protraction of my buifnes; yett I was glad
that your ſon, my lord Eric, was appointed to conferre
with me, and had rather have the tranfaction of my buif-
nes by yourfelfe, or fome of your family, then by any
other. I am now come to you to conferre uppon thoſe
articles which yeſterday I received from you.
2
Then
SWEDISH AM B.A S S Y.
27
$
Ꮮ
Then Whitelocke gave the chancellor a paper of his ani- 1654.
madverfions uppon his articles. The debate began uppon Aprill 5.
the ninth article; and as to the fale of goods taken from
ennemies, and prohibiting the buying of armes, the chan-
cellor faid, this would aboliſh their trade, and would be of
no advantage to England; bicauſe thoſe armes, and equally
as good, might be had from other places; and if the En-
gliſh did light uppon them, they would have the benefit
by it.
Whitelocke faid, it would be a great inconvenience to
furniſh the ennemies of either nation with armes, which
could not be had elſewhere then in England or Sweden,
and that this claufe would putt a bridle in the mouths of
the ennemies of either nation.
The chancellor and his fon replyed, that armes might be
had in the province of Liege, and in many other places in
Germany; that Sweden fcarce afforded any other commo-
dities butt armes, or fuch things as were ferviceable for
war; and that the queen would, by no means, be induced
to that claufe, as Whitelocke would have it.
Then they debated uppon the eleventh article; the iffue
wherof was, for Whitelocke to confent to a ſpeciall defigna-
tion of prohibited goods.
Whitelocke defired, that the catalogue and defignation
of them might be referred to his returne into England,
and he would agree, that, within two moneths after that,
there ſhould be a fpecification of prohibited goods in the
name of the protector.
D 2
The
1
28
OURNAL OF THE
+
1654.
April 5.
The chancellor urged, that the fpecification might be
now agreed uppon, and produced a paper fpecifying them,
which (they alleadged) was delivered by the councell in
England unto Bonnele. Whitelocke faid, he did not re-
member the fame, and that he was ignorant what goods
were prohibited by the dutch placart, which was fitt to be
known before any ſpecification made by him.
Uppon the twelfth article Whitelocke urged, that, as to
the forme of the letters of fafe conduct, it might alſo be
referred to his returne into England; they produced a
forme exhibited by Lagerfeldt to the councell in England,
and defired, that the fame forme might be now agreed
uppon.
Whitelocke anfweared, that the councell of ſtate had not
approved the forme given in by Lagerfeldt, and, therfore,
it was not fitt for him to confent to it; nor could he ap-
prehend any reafon why they fhould not confent to referre
the agreement of a forme unto his returne to England; and
the rather, bicaufe, in the meane time, the fubjects of the
queen might injoy the benefit of an edict made by the
protector in great favour of them, which declaration White-
locke had cauſed to be delivered to the chancellor.
To the thirteenth article, as to fatisfaction of damages,
their debate was to the like effect as formerly.
Uppon the fixteenth article they had alfo debate. White-
locke deſired, that the words (de ufu littorum in pifcatione)
might be altered to thefe words, de pifcatione et ufu litto-
rum: they alleadged, that this would feem to deny their
fiſhing uppon their own coafts; Whitelocke faid, the other
would feem, as if England had given up their right as to
the
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
29
the fiſhing, and left all att liberty to thoſe that pleaſed to 1654.
take it.
Aprill 5.
This was the fum of the debate of neer three howers. The
conclufion was, that they would certefy the queen of all
thefe matters, and in a fhort time acquaint Whitelocke
with her anſwear; which he defired might be as ſpeedy
and pofitive as they pleafed, bicaufe, if they ſhould reduce
him to that neceffity, that, before he could agree, he muſt
fend to the protector to know his pleaſure, he could not
receive an anfwear of his letters in leffe then two moneths
fpace, within which time the queen purpoſed to refigne her
governement, and then his commiffion would be att an
end.
The chancellor faid, he defired Whitelocke ſhould be
fpeedily in England, not only for the fake of his wife and
children, butt likewife bicauſe then they could promiſe
themſelves, that they had a good friend in England.
Whitelocke vifited the french refident, who was very in-
quifitive what might be the defigne of the engliſh fleet now
att fea; wherunto, as to much other of his difcourfe,
Whitelocke did not much ftudy for anfwears, only he was
carefull not to lett fall any words, which might leffen their
amuſement about the fleet.
In the evening Woolfeldt vifited Whitelocke, and dif
courſed of the fame matter; wherof Whitelocke made fome
ufe, and of this gentleman, to heighten their jealoufyes
about this fleet.
Woolfeldt acquainted Whitelocke, that the ambaſſador of
Denmarke had made a complaint against him to the queen,
that
30
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 5.
1654. that Woolfeldt had deceived the late king of Denmarke of
certain fums of money, which he fhould have diſburſed
for the late king of England againſt the parlement; and that
the prefent king of Denmarke having bin informed, that
Woolfeldt had loft his papers att ſea, and ſo could not pro-
duce his acquittances, the king tooke the advantage therof
against Woolfeldt, and now, by his ambaffador, charged
him before the queen for thoſe moneys: butt that he dif
appointed the daniſh ambaſſador by producing, before the
queen, his papers and acquittances, which his ennemies be-
lieved had bin loft; and fo was juftifyed before the queen,
to the great difcontent of the ambaffador.
Whitelocke faid, he was very glad that Woolfeldt came
fo well off, and that he perceived the queen had, by the
treaty, a capacity, as well as by his refidence, to examine
and doe right in fuch matters.
This day Whitelocke had difcourfe, about Norwey and
the Sundt, with a danifh gentleman of great quality and
experience whom he had obliged, who defired to have his.
name concealed; butt part of this difcourfe followes :
Da. Now is a good time for the protector to fend fome
ſhips towards theſe parts.
Wh. What places are there in Norwey, confiderable as
to the intereft of England?
Da. There are two places in Norwey, not farre from
Gothenbergh, which are eaſy to be taken, and are excel-
lent harbours, wherin England might keep fome fhips con-
ſtantly, and commaund all that paffe by to the Baltick fea.
Wh.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
31
Wh. What are the names of thofe places?
Da. The one of thofe havens is called Marftrang, butt
that I doe not like fo well, bicaufe of the Pater Nofter
rockes, which are very dangerous for comming out, if the
wind fitt northerly; and the fort there is commaunded by
the hilles neer it.
Butt the other place, called Flecker Town, is an iſland,
and hath a going in and comming out two wayes it is an
excellent harbour, and ſhips may ride in it att fuch a diſtance
from the land (being a broade water), that none from the
land can hurt them.
There is a little fort in this iſland which may eafily be
taken, not having above forty or fifty men in it, and the
workes decayed: thofe who affayle it muft land their men
on the fouth eaft fide of the ifland, the fort being on the
other fide, and they may eaſily be mafters of it; and from
thence having ſome ſhips, they may goe in and out att their
pleaſure, and commaund all paffing by; and none can come
into the harbour to them, if they make up the fort, which
is foon done, and the paffage not above muskett flott to be
commaunded; and there are no gunnes there of any confi-
deration att this time.
Wh. How fhall they doe for victualls there to gett freſh
from the land?
Da. There is plenty of butter and cheeſe, fheep and
hogges; and the poor countrey people will be no trouble to
you, butt be willing to be commaunded by you.
Wh. What townes are there neer it?
1654.
Aprill 5.
Da.
32
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Da. Higher in the countrey is Bergen, the chiefe town.
for trade there, and rich enough: your fhips may eaſily
Aprill 5. come into that harbour and plunder the town, and gett a
great booty, and returne to Fleckeren town agayne.
Wh. Is there any thing to be done att Ifland?
Da. I wonder you doe not fend in Auguft or September
four or five fhips to Ifland, being men of war; they may
have twenty or thirty dutch fhips, laden with fiſh, butter,
and hides, which will make no refiftance att all; and it
would be a rich prize, and might be had without daunger
or difficulty.
Wh. Is the caftle of Elfinore fo ftrong a piece, that it
cannot be taken without much expence and daunger?
Da. This will not be the beſt deſign for England: it is a
finalle ſtrong caſtle, and doth not fignify much; though it
be eſteemed a piece of importance, it is not fo.
Wh, It commaunds the paffage of the Sundt.
Da. Moft men believe fo, butt it is miſtaken. I have feen
an experiment to the contrary, that a boate being placed
in the middle of that narrow paſſage of the Sundt, they ſhott
att it from the caftle of Elfinore, and likewife from the
caſtle of Elfingburgh on the other fide, with the greateſt
gunnes they had, and yett they could not reach the boate
from either fide by 2000 paces; nor is it fo narrow in the
paffage, butt that a fhip may, when the pleafeth, fayle by
thoſe caſtles in defpight of them.
Wh. What harbour is there att Elfinore?
Da.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
33
Da. There is no harbour for fhips to ride in, and in 1654.
fowle weather they will be in daunger to be all loft, bicaufe
Aprill. 5.
they muſt ride in the open fea, which there is extreame
perilous; and therefore Elfinore is not worth the keeping if
England had it. Butt their beſt deſigne would be to goe
directly to the town of Copen Hagen with fifty or fixty good
fhips, with land men in them; and it is eaſy enough to take
that town, for the workes of it are not ſtrong, nor is it
well guarded and it would be eaſier to take that town then
Elfinore, and if England were mafters of it, the caftle
would quickly come in to them; and att the town they
fhould have a good haven for their fhips, and a ſmalle
matter would build a better fort neer the town then Elfinore
is, and would commaund the paffage more then the caftles
doe, and make you mafters of the Sundt, and of all the
trade of the Baltick fea.
Wh. What revenue would be gained therby?
Da. More then will maintaine your fhips and forces
there, and will commaund all the iſland of Zeland.
Wh. I fhould be glad to meet you there.
Da. If you fummon me by your letters, I will give you
a meeting att Copen Hagen, or thoſe whom the protector
fhall fend thither; and if you will meet me there, I doubt
not butt to ſhow you a way to gett that town without much
difficulty; and then you will have all the ifle of Zeland,
which is the beſt part of Denmarke, and the reft will follow,
being weary of the prefent tyranny and ill ufage of their
king. And if you were maſters of Zeland, you might ther-
by keep in awe the Swede, the Hollander, and all the world,
that have occafion for the commodities of the Baltick fea.
VOL. II.
E
Wb.
34
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Aprill 5.
Wh. Why then doth not the king of Denmarke now keep
them in fuch awe?
Da. Bicauſe he hath neither the money, nor fhips, nor
men, that England hath.
Wh. What is the ground and reafon of payment of the
tolles att Elfinore, if fhips may paffe by without the leave of
the castles there?
Da. Bicauſe that is known butt to a very few; and what
I have told you is under fecrefy, and I defire that none butt
the protector may know it from you: and as for the grounds
of paying the tolles att Elfinore, it is rather from the keep-
ing of the lights in Juitland, and uppon that coaft, then
from any commaund that Elfinore hath of the ſhips that
goe that way.
Wh. I have heard thofe lights are very uſefull.
Da. Unleffe they were kept, it would be impoffible for fhips
to fayle there in the long nights in winter; and the trade
doth inforce them to come that way in October and No-
vember, when the nights are very long, bicauſe of bring-
ing wine into thofe parts after the vintage, which is in
September.
Wh. They are likewife to carry home corne, which is
not inned till Auguſt and September. Did not the Hol-
lander refuſe to pay the tolle?
Da. Once they did, and theruppon the laſt king of Den-
marke, by advice, commaunded that the lights uppon the
coaft ſhould not be kept; and the Hollanders in that Au-
tumine
2
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
35
tumne loſt above thirty fhips uppon the daniſh coaſt, and 1654.
came and intreated the king that the lights might be
Aprill 5.
kept againe, and promiſed to pay the tolles as formerly, and
have done fo ever fince.
Wh. Lett me fay to you in freedome; how can you, be-
ing a native of Denmarke, fatisfy yourſelfe to diſcover theſe
things to me, wherby prejudice may come to your countrey?
Da. I doe not thinke I betray my countrey in this,
though, my countrey having left me to be an exile, I might
justly leave them; and wherefoever I breath and am main-
tained, is more my countrey then that where I was borne,
and which will not lett me breath there yett in this I
thinke I may doe good fervice to Denmarke, to free them
from the tyranny they are under, and to bring them into
the free governement of the protector, to whom I fhall doe
any ſervice in my power. Butt for the king of Denmarke,
he is governed by his queen and a few of her party, men
of no honor, nor wifdome, nor experience in publique af-
fayres, butt proud and haughty, according to the way of
theſe parts of the world.
Wh. I fhall not fayle to make known to the protector
your great affections to him.
Monfieur Miller, who had bin refident att Hambourgh 6.
for her majefty, came to vifit Whitelocke; and after dinner
difcourfed much of the English fleet now att fea, which he
faid did amuſe all the northern parts of the world, what
the defigne therof might be: Whitelocke did not leilen the
wonder, eſpecially in relation to Denmarke; yett affirmed
nothing pofitively, as indeed he could not. He inquired of
Monfieur Miller, if the king of Denmarke were making any
E 2
prepa-
36
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 6..
1654. preparations att fea, or of land forces, or had any defigne
towards Hambourgh? Miller faid, he knew of none; and
in his difcourfe gave Whitelocke good information of the
governement, ftrength, and trade of that Hanfe towne.
The ſecretary Canterſtein came to Whitelocke from the
chancellor, and brought to him the articles, uppon which
they had laſt treated, now altered according to Whitelocke's
defire, except that which concerned the forbidding of our
ennemies to buy armes in the countryes of our confederates.
He alfo delivered to Whitelocke the draught of a præamble
for the articles, and another article for the ratifying of all
the reft; wherunto Whitelocke confented, and thanked God
that his buifnes was brought ſo neer to a good conclufion.
Whitelocke received his pacquet from England, and
Thurloe wrote, that the protector was fenfible of the queen's
delaying of Whitelocke, butt approved his proceedings; he
fent this inclofed order:
Friday, 17 Martii, 1653.
"Att the councell att Whitehall.
"On confideration of a letter, this day read in councell,
"fent from the lord ambaffador extraordinary with her
"majeſty of Sweden, mentioning, among other things, the
"taking of the ſhip Charity, Paul Paulfen mafter, by a
private man of war, and the carrying of her into Dover,
"and the hard ufage of the maſter and mariners, which
66
46
fhip is claymed by fome cittizens of Gottenburgh, fub-
jects of the faid queen :
"Ordered,
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
37
66
April 6.
"Ordered, That it be referred to the commiflioners of 1654.
"the admiralty fpeedily to putt this matter in a way of
of
"examination; and, for their information in the premiffes,
"to fend for the commaunder of the faid man of war, and
to receive a perticular account and fatisfaction concerning
"the difpofall of the fhip and goods, and the ufage of the
"mafter and mariners; and theruppon to ftate the whole
"cafe, and report it to the councell, to the intent fpeedy
juftice may be done therin: and the ſaid commiffioners
"are likewife to take order, that all further proceedings
"touching the faid fhip, or her lading, or difpofall of any
part therof, be ftayed and forborne till their
report made,
"and further order theruppon fhall be given by the
"councell.
66
66
"W. JESSOP, Clerk of the councell."
Thurloe wrote, that in cafe the information given to
Whitelocke were found to be true, that the parties offending
would be feverely puniſhed, and right done to thoſe who
were injured; and that the councell were very fenfible heer-
of, as a hinderance to Whitelocke's proceedings, and a dif-
honor to the protector.
He alſo wrote unto Whitelocke, that there was little
fcruple now of an agreement uppon the dutch treaty,
which was as good as concluded; and he fent the newes of
France and of Scotland and Ireland, as well as that of Eng-
land, as he conftantly uſed to doe.
Whitelocke caufed this order to be tranflated into latin,
and made uſe of it for the advantage of his buiſnes.
A deſcription was given to Whitelocke, in writing, of the
manner of making gunpowder in thefe parts, and of their
milles
38
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. milles and veffells for it, not unlike in many things to their
way in England.
Aprill 6.
7.
Whitelocke waited on the queen, and he was pleaſed to
difcourfe with him to this effect:
Qu. I am refolved to retire into Pomerland, and this fum--
mer to goe to the Spae to drinke the waters for my health.
Wh. Give me leave, madame, to put you in mind of two
things to be ſpecially taken care of; one is the fecurity of
your own perſon, the other is the fettling of your revenue:
your majeſty, being of a royall and bountifull ſpirit, cannot
looke into fuch matters, fo much beneath you, as expences or
accounts; and if care be not taken therin, and good officers,
your majeſty may be diſappointed and deceived.
Qu. I thanke you for this counfell; I intend to have Mon-
fieur Flemming with me, to take charge of my revenue ;
he is a difcreet wife man, and fitt for that imployment, and
to order the expences of my houfe: I believe he will neither
deceive me himſelfe, nor permit others to doe it, for he is
faithfull to me.
Wh. Such a fervant is a jewell: I hope care is taken, that
your majeſty's revenue be fecured in fuch a manner, that
you fhall not depend uppon the pleaſure of any other for
the receipt of it, butt to be in your own power as miſtris of
it, not as a pentioner.
Qu. It fhall be fettled, according to the advice you gave
and I thank you for it.
me;
Wh.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
39
A
your
Wh. Madame, I account it a happines, if in any thing 1654.
I may be ferviceable to your majeſty. Whom doth w
Aprill 7.
majeſty take with you befides Monfieur Flemming of that
quality?
Qu. I defire the company of Monfieur Woolfeldt and his
lady, if they will goe with me.
Wh. I fuppofe they will be very ſerviceable to your ma-
jefty; and I hope it will not be long, after the buifnes heer
effected, before you tranſport yourſelfe into Pomerland, left
any defignes ſhould be againſt your liberty; for, madame,
in this age, there be few perfons to be truſted.
Qu. That's too great a trueth, and I thanke you for the
caution. I could freely truft yourſelfe with any of my con-
cernements; and if you will come to me into Pomerland,
you ſhall be as wellcome as any man living, and we will be
merry togither.
Wh. I humbly thanke your majefty for your great favour
to your fervant, who hath a wife and children enough to
people a province in Pomerland, and I ſhall bring them all
thither to doe your majeſty ſervice.
Qu. If you will bring your lady and all your children
and family thither, and fettle yourfelfe there, you fhall
want nothing in my power, and ſhall be very wellcome
to me.
Wh. I am your majefty's most humble fervant; and I
pray, madame, give me leave to aſke your majefty, whither
you judge it requifite for me to waite on the prince of
Sweden, before my going out of this countrey?
Qu.
40
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Qu. I thinke it very fitt and neceſſary for you to ſee the
prince, before you leave this country; it will be taken as a
Aprill 7.
reſpect from the protector to him; and, if
and, if you doe not, it
would be looked uppon as a neglect of him.
Wh. I am obliged to doe all that lyes in my power to in-
large the protector's intereft.
Qu. The prince being to fucceede in the crown, and in
fo fhort a time, it will be fitt to keep a fayre correſpondence
with him, and to fhow refpect to him, wherof your viſit
will be a good teſtimony.
Wh. Madame, your opinion will be a great direction to
me in my affayres.
Qu. I thinke it will be an advantage to your buifnes for
you to ſpeake with the prince himfelfe, who will take it in
good parte, and hold himſelfe the more obliged to the ob-
fervance of what fhall be agreed uppon in your prefent
treaty, being acquainted therwith by you that made it.
Wh. I hope the treaty, which your majeſty ſhall make,
will be obferved by any who fhall fucceed you; butt I ac-
knowledge it is very adviſable for me, to have ſome diſcourſe
with his royal highnes, to give him an account of the
treaty; and I fhall inquire where I may attend him,
Qu. You must goe from hence to Stockholme, and fo to
Norcupen; and the caftle where the prince now refides is
within a league of that towne you may have my coaches
and horfes to tranfport you, and my fervants to guide you
thither.
Wh.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
41
Wh. I humbly defire your majeſty to make choice of any 1654.
of my coach horfes or faddle horſes, that may be uſefull for
Aprill 7.
you, and to commaund them; they are all att your majeſty's
fervice.
you beſtow
Qu. I fhall not make choice of any; butt if
any of them uppon me, they will be very acceptable.
Wh. I humbly acknowledge your majeſty's great favour
in affording a diſpatch to my buifies.
Qu. I wish you with the protector, bicauſe I ſee you are
a faithfull fervant to him, and worthy to ſerve any prince
in Chriftendome.
Wh. Your majeſty ever had a favour for me, and in no-
thing more then in my diſpatch.
Qu. I thinke it not fitt for you to be in Sweden too neer
the time of the coronation of the new king; and then to
goe away and not to fee him, would be worſe.
Wh. I doe intend uppon your majeſty's advice to falute
him before my going away, and fhall defire that the ſhips
may meet me neer the place where his royall highnes is.
Qu. I will give order for it, and will be gone myſelfe not
long after; if I had ſtayed heer, I ſhould have bin glad of
your longer ſtay.
Whitelocke tooke his leave of the queen, and, being re-
turned home, feldt marfhall Wrangell vifited him; and
after dinner, being in a good humor, difcourfed freely,
and much of the engliſh fleet att ſea. Whitelocke fhowed
VOL. II.
him
F
42
JOURNAL OF THE
t
1654, him a draught of the ſhip Soveraigne, with her dimenfions,
gunnes, and men, wherwithe he was much pleafed. He
April 7. told Whitelocke, that, by commaund of the queen, he had
prepared fhips for Whitelocke's tranfportation from Stock-
holme to Lubec.
Whitelocke made his diſpatches for England, and, in his
letters to Thurloe, gave this account of the treaty.
66 1. Their firft article differs not in fubftance from the firft
which I propofed, and therfore I did not object againſt it;
butt as to all of them, I referved a liberty to myfelfe of
further confideration and objection. I did a little fticke
uppon the word (colonias) in this article, left it might tend
to any thing of commerce in America; butt, finding it only
to relate to the amity, I paft it over.
66
2. The firft part of it agrees in ſubſtance with my fixth
article; the latter part of it with my fourth article: only I
objected againſt their words in this article (in damnum illius),
who fhould be judge therof, and the omiffion of that part
of my fourth article against harbouring of ennemies and
rebells.
66
3. Their third article agrees in fubftance with my ſecond
article, butt is more generall, not naming the Sundt, and
explaining the word (aliorfum) in my ſecond article; and I
defired that the word populos might be added after the word
fubditos.
66
Their fourth in the beginning agrees
4.
:
with my third
article that of it, touching the trade of America, and the
fiſhing, I anfweared, as I gave you a former account, and
theruppon denyed it, as alſo that part of it which concerns
3
impor-
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
43
importation of goods in forein bottomes, being contrary to 1654.
our act of parlement. In this latter end of their fourth
Aprill 7.
article, they likewife bring in againe the buifnes of fifhing
implicitely in the words maribus, littoribus, &c. and
therfore I defired, that all that part might be left out, and, in
lieu therof, I offered the latter part of my third article, be-
ginning with the words folutis tamen &c. and the laſt of
my referved articles to be admitted; or elfc, I defired that
this whole article of theirs might be omitted, and in lieu
therof my third article, and the laft of my referved articles,
to be admitted; and they likewiſe inſiſt to have theſe words
added, if that part of their fourth article be omitted, viz.
quoad America commercium, pifcationem halecum, et mer-
cium importationem, de his in pofterum erit conventum.
66 5. Their fifth article agrees in fubftance with my eleventh,
only hath more words to expreſſe the fame matter.
"6. Their fixth agrees in fubftance with my thirteenth ar-
ticle, with the addition of words for kind ufage, and the
omiffion of the provifo in my thirteenth article, as to break-
ing of bulke; which yett ſeems to be fupplyed by the latter
part of their fixth article, of conforming to the ordinances
of the place.
66
7. Agrees with my referved article, marked with fifteen,
only the words (nihil inde juris) I thought fitt to be omitted;
bicaufe, in a treaty, we are not to meddle with perticular
rights; yett the fenfe and defire therof is anfweared in the
words for reftitution: I offered them (if they liked not this)
my fifteenth article, which is one of thoſe reſerved, omitting
only that part as not conducing to this article, viz. Et fi
lis &c.
F 2
← 8. Agrees
44
JOURNAL OF THE
1654•
Aprill 7.
"8. Agrees in fubftance with my twelfth article, only the
expreffions heer are longer; and that, for juftice to be had,
agrees with the latter part of my referved article fifteenth.
9. In the generall differs not in the ſubſtance from my
feventh, and the beginning of my referved articles; and
the lawes in this ninth article, firſt, ſecond, third, and fourth,
are not contrary to the ſubſtance of mine; butt to the fifth
I excepted, as contrary to part of my feventh article, and
to their fixth law, as to bringing in of fhips and goods taken
from ennemies; both which, nevertheless, in cafe we have
peace with the Dutch, will be more to our advantage, in my
humble opinion, to continue in, then to be omitted; as allo
that, not to contend in the harbours; and fo the firft, fecond,
third, and fourth lawes. The feventh law, I humbly con-
ceive, not differing in fubftance from my articles, nor
diſadvantageous to England: to their fixth law I defired that
ſeventh article might be added, the which they denyed, as
to forbid ennemies, to either, to buy armes, &c.
my
(6
10. Agrees in part with my ninth, only the latter part of
it ſeems to bring in the trade of America, and a liberty con-
trary to the act of navigation; butt they infift that the fame
is faved by the latter words of this article, modò confuetu-
dines antiquæ: butt I was not fatisfyed heerwith, and defired
that that part of it which is marked might be omitted, and
the latter part of my ninth article, viz. utrifq; utrinq; obfer-
vantibus &c. inferted, which I humbly conceive will help
it; or elſe I defire that this tenth article may be wholly
omitted, and in lieu therof my ninth
may be
be agreed.
"II. To this article of theirs I wholly excepted, bicauſe it
agrees not with any of mine, nor with reafon; that when
our ennemies have forbidden any to bring contraband goods.
to
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
45
to us, that yett we ſhould permit them to be brought unto 1654.
our ennemies: they told me that the queen had fent unto
Aprill 7.
the ſtates to repeale that placart of theirs. I anfweared,
that, when I was certefyed that that placart was repealed, I
would then defire to know the protector's further pleafure
heerin, butt before that be done, I thought it would be in
vaine to trouble him about it.
66
12. Is not expreſſeley in any of my articles, butt agreed
by the councell of ftate unto Monfieur Lagerfeldt, only the
forme of the letters of fafe conduct not fully affented
unto; therfore I defired that the fame might be remitted to
a future agreement: butt as to the reft of this article, it is
not repugnant to the fubftance of mine, that the naviga-
tion and commerce may be free.
"13. In the firft part of it agrees almoft verbatim with my
tenth article ; the latter part of it, concerning fatisfaction for
loffes, is much altered from what it was att firft exhibited,
and is now putt on both parties, and referred to future
agreement, wherin there can be no prejudice to our com-
mon-wealth; butt before, it was reproachfull to the juftice
therof, and laid on our part only; now it is no more then
what the councell and ftate promiſed in their papers to
Monfieur Lagerfeldt.
"14. Agrees in fubftance with my ninth article.
"15. Containes the fubftance of my fifth article, butt is
expreffed more generally; and, as I humbly believe, no leffe
to the advantage of our common-wealth.
"I found more readynefs in the queen to confent to what I
propofed, then in her commiffioners; butt fome things fle
told
46
JOURNAL OF THE
1654
told me ſhe could not conſent to, bicauſe they were againſt
the intereſt of her people, and were not confiderable to
Aprill 7. England. I
gave her thankes for my difpatch: ſhe ſaid ſhe
had an ambition to have the honor of making an alliance with
the protector herſelfe, before the quitted the governement,
and that ſhe might teſtify her reſpects to him, and therfore
had gone as farre as poffibly fhe could; and indeed there is
now very little difference, but only in words and expreffions,
from the fence and ſubſtance of what I firſt propoſed; and
I prefume that what is heer agreed by me will give good
fatisfaction and contentment to the protector and councell,
and I apprehend it cleerly within my inftructions; acknow-
ledging the goodnes of God to me in this buifnes, where I
mett with fo many difficulties, and of fo great weight, that
yett in a fortnight's time, it fhould be brought to a full con-
clufion, with honor and advantage to the protector and
prefent governement, for which I have taken all care.
"The articles are not yet drawn up, butt I hope we fhall
fign them the next week, and preſently after I intend to
demaund audience to take my leave, and to remove from
hence, and as foon as I can to come to Lubec, and from
thence to Hambourgh; and I have by this poft humbly de-
fired my lord
lord protector to appoint fome of his fhips to meet
me att Hambourgh as foon as they can, for my tranfporta-
tion from thence to England: and I humbly intreat your
favour to putt his highnes in mind of it, and that you will
take care that the orders may be had, and the flips to come
as foon as may be to the Elbe, to Hambourgh, where I fhall
flay for them, or till I receive his highnes's further com-
maunds; and I chooſe this way as the fhorteft, and where
I fhall meet with any diſpatches that may come from Eng-
land. I prefume you will be troubled with an importunate
fuitor for haftening my returne.
}
" I re-
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
47
"I received your letters of the 17th March, and the 1654
order of the councell concerning the fwediſh fhip, for Aprill 7.
:
which I returne my humble thankes; the queen, and the
chancellor, and others heer, were much fatisfyed with it
the chancellor and his fon have bin very civill to me, and
lately furthering my diſpatch. I hope the fame goodnes
of God, which hath hitherto brought me through this
great buifnes, will give me a fafe returne to my deare
countrey and friends, where I may have opportunity, with
thankfullnes, to acknowledge your conftant favour and
kindness to
Ubfale, 7th April,
1654.
your affectionate friend
to ferve you.
B. W."
The mafter of the ceremonies came to Whitelocke from 8.
the queen, to defire his company this evening att a mafque ;
and they had this difcourfe.
Wh. Preſent my thankes to her majefty, and tell her I
will waite uppon her.
Mr. What would your excellence expect in matter of
precedence, as in cafe you ſhould meet with any other am-
bailador att the mafque ?
Wh. I fhall expect that which belongs to me as ambaſſador
from the common-wealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland;
and I know no other ambaſſador now in this court befides
myfelfe, except the ambaffador of the king of Denmarke, who
I ſuppoſe hath no thoughts of precedence before the engliſh
ambaffador; who is refolved not to give it him, if he ſhould
expect it.
Mr.
4.8
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Aprill 8.
Mr. Perhaps it may be infifted on, that he of Denmarke
is an ambaffador of an anointed king, and you are only
ambaffador to the protector, a new name, and not facrée.
Wh. Whofoever fhall infiſt on that diſtinction will be mif
taken; and I underſtand no difference of power between
king and protector, or anointed, or not anointed; and
ambaffadors are the fame publique minifters to a protector
or common-wealth, as to a prince or fultan.
Mr. There hath always bin a difference obſerved between
the publique miniſters of kings, and of common-wealths,
or princes of inferior titles.
Wh. The title of protector (as to a foveraign title) hath
not yett bin determined in the world, as to fuperiority or
inferiority to other titles; butt I am fure that the nation of
England hath ever bin determined fuperior to that of Den-
marke. I repreſent the nations of England, Scotland, and
Ireland, and the protector, who is chiefe of them; and the
honor of theſe nations ought to be in the fame confideration
now, as it hath bin formerly; and I muſt not ſuffer any
diminution of that honor by my perfon to pleaſe any what-
foever.
Mr. I fhall propofe an expedient to you, that you may
take your places as you come; he who comes firft, the firſt
place, and he who comes laft, the lower place.
Wh. I fhall hardly take a place below the danifh am-
baffador, though I come into the roome after him.
Mr.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
49 ·
Mr. Butt when you come into the roome, and find the 1654.
daniſh ambaſſador fett, you cannot help it, though he have
the upper place.
Wh. I fhall indeavour to help it rather then ſitt below
the daniſh ambaſſador.
Mr. I prefume you will not uſe force in the queen's
prefence.
Wh. Maſter, it is impoffible for me, if it were in the pre-
fence of all the queens and kings in Chriſtendome, to for-
beare to uſe any means to hinder the diſhonor of my nation
in my perfon.
Mr. I believe the daniſh ambaſſador would not be ſo high
as you are. -
Wh. There is no reaſon why he fhould: he knows his na-
tion never pretended to have the precedence of England;
and you, being mafter of the ceremonies, cannot be ignorant
of it.
Mr. I confeffe your nation alwayes had the precedence
of Denmarke when you were under a king.
Wh. I fhould never give it from them, though they were
under a conftable.
Mr. If you infift uppon it, the daniſh ambaſſador muſt
be uninvited againe, for I perceive that you two muſt not
meet.
VOL. II.
G
Whe
Aprill 8.
?
50
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Wh. I fuppofe the gentleman would not expect pre-
cedence of me.
Aprill 8.
Mr. I can affure you he doth.
Wh. I can affure you he ſhall never have it, if I can help
it; butt I pray, mafter, tell me whither her majeſty takes
notice of this queſtion of precedence, or did fhe wiſh to
conferre with me about it?
Mr. The queen commaunded me to fpeake with you
about it, hoping that the queſtion might be fo compoſed, that
ſhe might have the company of you both att her inter-
tainement.
Wh. I fhall ſtay att home rather then interrupt her ma-
jeſty's pleaſures, which I fhould doe by meeting the daniſh
ambaſſador, to whom I fhall not give precedence, unleſſe
he be ſtronger then I.
Mr. The queen makes this mafque chiefly for your ex-
cellence's intertainment, therfore you must not be abfent,
butt rather the daniſh ambaſſador muſt be uninvited ; and
I ſhall preſently goe about it.
Whitelocke returned a vifit to Grave Eric, and fhowed
him the order of the councell touching the fwediſh fhips,
much in favour of them, and which feemed very pleafing
to the Grave; butt he alfo fhowed to Whitelocke feverall
letters, which he had received from maſters of fwediſh fhips,
of new complaints of taking of their flips: and he defired that
the order, ſhowed him by Whitelocke, might be extended to
thoſe whofe fhips had bin fince taken, which Whitelocke pro-
mifed to indeavour, and ſaid, that he ſhould be in a better
capacity
1
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
51
Aprill 8.
capacity to ſerve him, and to procure diſcharges for their 1654.
fhips and goods, when he fhould be himfelfe in England; n
and therfore deſired that, by his diſpatch, they would haſten
him thither, which the Grave promiſed to doe.
Att his going away, Grave Eric invited Whitelocke to
dine with him on Monday next, and to come as a perticular
friend and brother, and not by a formall invitation as an
ambaſſador. Whitelocke liked the freedome, and promifed
to waite on him; and was the more willing to come, that he
might fee the faſhion of their intertainements, this being
the firſt invitation that was made to him by any perfon in
this countrey.
He is a
Generall Grave Wirtenbergh viſited Whitelocke.
Finlander by birth, of an antient family, who had applyed
himfelfe wholly to the military profeffion, wherin he became
fo eminent, and had done fo great fervice for this crowne,
that he was had in great efteem, efpecially with the foldiery..
He was a ricks fenator, and one of the colledge of war, and
att preſent had the charge of generall of the ordnance,
which is of higher account heer then in England, being
next in commaund to the generaliffimo, and over the fol-
diery, which belong not to the trayne, and is often imploy-
ed as a generall.
This gentleman feemed worthy of his honor; he was of
a low ftature, fomwhat corpulent, of a good meen, and
plaine behaviour, more in the military then courtley way:
his difcourfe declared his reafon and judgement to be very
good, and his mention of any thing relating to himſelfe was
full of modefty. He tooke great notice of the engliſh navy
and foldiery, and of the peoples inclinations and violent
defires of liberty. He fpake only fivedifh and high dutch,
G 2
which
52
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. which cauſed Whitelocke to make uſe of an interpreter, his
→ kinfman Andrew Potley.
Aprill 8.
In the evening, according to the invitation from the queen,
Whitelocke went to court to the mafque, where he did not-
find the daniſh ambaſſador; butt fome of the court tooke
notice of the difcourfe which had bin between the maſter of
the ceremonies and Whitelocke, touching precedence, and
they all approved Whitelocke's refolution, and told him, that
the queen highly commended him for it, and faid, that he
was a ftout and faithfull fervant to the protector, and to his
nation, and that ſhe ſhould love him the better for it; nor
was the conteſt the leffe pleaſing, bicauſe with the Dane in
Sweden.
From eight a'clocke att night till two the next morning
they were att the mafque, which was in the ufuall roome
fitted for the folemnity, in which the queen herſelfe was an
actor.
The floore where they daunced was covered with tapeſtry,
and hung about with red velvet; butt moſt adorned by the
prefence of a great number of ladyes richly dreffed and
beautifyed, both by nature and habit, attending on their
miftris and there were alfo many fenators, officers, cour-
tiers, and nobility; a very great preſence of ſpectators.
The muficke was excellent, eſpecially the violins, which
were many, and rare mufitians, and fitteſt for that purpoſe.
The queen herfelfe daunced very well att two entryes ;
in the firſt, ſhe reprefented a moorifh lady, in the fecond a
citizen's wife; in both, the properties were exactly fitted,
and in all the reſt of the actors and dauncers.
There
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
53
Aprill &.
There were no fpeeches nor fongs; men acting mens parts, 1654-
and women the womens, with variety of repreſentations
and daunces: the whole defigne was to fhow the vanity
and folly of all profeffions and worldly things; lively repre-
tented by the exact properties and mute actions, gentilely,
without the leaſt offence or fcandall.
It held two howers; and, after the daunces, the queen
cauſed her chaire to be brought neer to Whitelocke, where
the fate downe, and difcourfed with him of the mafque.
He (according to his judgement) commended it, and the
inoffenfivenes of it, and rare properties fitted to every re-
preſentation, with the excellent performance of their parts
by all, eſpecially by the mooriſh lady and cittizen's wife, att
which the queen fmiled, and faid, fhe was glad he liked it.
He replyed, that any of his countrymen might have bin pre-
fent att it without any offence; and he thanked her majeſty
for the honor ſhe gave him to be preſent att it. The queen
faid, ſhe perceived that Whitelocke underſtood what belonged
to mafques, and the moſt curious part of them, the proper-
ties; with much like difcourfe, after which fhe retired to her
chamber, and Whitelocke to his lodging.
Monfieur Bloome came to dine with Whitelocke, and to 9.
putt him in mind of Grave Eric's requeft to him to dine with
him the next day: he alſo fent to invite Whitelocke's two
fons, and collonell Potley.
In the afternoon Piementelle came to take his leave of
Whitelocke, and faid, he intended to begin his journey the
next morning: Whitelocke offered himfelfe, or his coaches
and fervants, to attend him out of town; butt he faid, it
was not the cuſtome, when a publique minifter departed
from a place to uſe any ceremony, butt to leave him to the
liberty
54
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. liberty of ordering and taking his journey, butt thanked
Whitelocke for his favour.
Aprill 9.
IO.
Though it were the Lord's day, yett Piementelle fell into
diſcourſe of the laſt night's mafque, which he could not be
prefent att publiquely as formerly, bicaufe he had taken his
leave of the queen and fenators, yett, being defirous to fee
it, was admitted into the tiring roome: and he told White-
locke, that, after the queen had acted the moorish lady, and
retired into that roome to putt off her diſguiſe, Piementelle
being there, fhe gave him her viſor, in the mouth wherof
was a diamond ring of great price, which fhined and gliftered
gloriously by the torche and candle light as the queen
daunced; this fhe bad Piementelle to keep till the called for
it. Piementelle told her, he wondered fhe would truft a jewell
of that value in the hands of a foldier; fhe faid, fhe would
beare the adventure of it: and when the mafque was ended,
Piementelle offered the ring againe to the queen; who told
him, that he had not kept it according to her commaunds,
which were till fhe called for it, which ſhe had not yett done,
nor intended as long as ſhe lived, butt that he ſhould keep
it as a memoriall of her favour.
The Spanyard had cauſe to reft fatisfyed with the queen's
anfwear, and her reall and bountifull complement, the ring
being worth 10,000 crowns, which he brought away with
him, befides many other jewells and prefents from the queen
of great value, not publiquely known.
He took leave of Whitelocke, and of his fons, collonell
Potley, and the gentlemen, with great civility.
Between eleven and twelve a'clocke, the ufuall dining
time heer, Whitelocke, with his fons, and Potley, attended
only
!
1
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
55
only by two gentlemen, one page, and two lacquayes, went 1654.
to Grave Eric's lodging to dinner.
His roomes were not ſtately, nor richly furniſhed, butt
fuch as could be had in that place; the outer roome for
fervants was like a little hall; within that was a larger
roome, narrow and long, where they dined; within that
was a ſmaller roome, hung with tapeſtry, ufed for a with-
drawing roome, all below ftayres, which is not ufuall in
thefe parts.
Grave Eric mett Whitelocke att the doore of the lodging;
in the dining roome was his father the chancellor, and di-
vers friends with him: the father and fon went in with
Whitelocke to the withdrawing roome, where, after a quar-
ter of an hower's difcourfe, they were called to dinner, the
meate being on the table; then a huge maffy bafon and
ewre of filver, guilt, was brought for them to wash, fome of
the good bootyes mett with in Germany. After waſhing,
one of the pages (after their manner) faid grace in fwediſh.
The table was long and narrow; in the middle of it, on
the further fide, under a canopy of velvet, were fett two
great chayres: Whitelocke fate in the right hand chayre,
and Woolfeldt in the other, on his left hand. On the other fide
of the table, over against thefe, were fett two other like great
chayres; in the right hand chayre fate the ricks dreight-fett,
and in the left hand chayre, the chancellor: by Whitelocke
fate Grave Gabriel Oxenftierne, and fenator Vanderlin in
leffer chayres, and by Woolfeldt fate Whitelocke's fons and
Potley. On the other fide, in leffer chaires, by the dreight-
fett, fate the fenators Bealke, and Bundt the younger; by
the chancellor fate fenator Bundt the elder, and baron
Douglas :
w
Aprill 10.
56
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Douglas: att the upper end of the table fate Grave Eric;
and att the lower end ftood the carver.
Aprill 10.
The diſhes were all ſilver, not great, butt many, ſett one
uppon another, and filled with the beſt meate, and moſt
variety that the countrey did afforde; and indeed the inter-
tainement was very noble: they had four ſeverall courſes of
their beſt meate, and fiſh, and fowle, dreſt after the french
mode.
They had excellent rheniſh wine, and indifferent good fack
and claret; their beer very thick and ſtrong, after the man-
ner of the country: when the four courfes was done, they
tooke off the meate and table-cloth, and under it was another
clean cloth; then they brought cleane napkins and plates
to every one, and fett a full banquet on the table, and, as
part therof, tobaccoe and pipes, which they fett before
Whitelocke, as a ſpeciall reſpect to him; and he and two or
three more of the company tooke of it as they fate att table ;
and they fo civilly complyed with Whitelocke, as not to ob-
ſerve their own cuftoms, butt abſtaining from healths or any
exceffe.
They all fate bare att the table, according to their uſage,
chiefly (though no occafion were for it att this time) to avoid
the trouble of often putting off and on their hatts and cappes
in healths.
They were full of good difcourfe, more cheerfull then
ferious; moſt att the table ſpake or underſtood fomwhat of
the engliſh, for which reafon they were chofen to accompany
Whitelocke heer, as a complement to his nation: they dif-
courſed alſo in feverall other languages, as fwediſh, high
dutch, french, and latin.
3
After
SWEDISH
57
A MBASSY.
Aprill 10.
After dinner, which was very long, they fate yett longer 1654.
att the table, Whitelocke expecting when they would riſe;
till Douglas informed him, that he being the gueſt, and an
ambaffador, they uſed it as a refpect to him, that none of
the company would offer to rife, till he firft arofe from the
table: as foon as this was known to Whitelocke, he preſently
roſe, and the reſt with him, and the chancellor and he re-
tired into the withdrawing roome; where, after comple-
ments and thankes for his noble treatement (which it
was faid the father made, though putt out in the fon's name,
and was full of refpect and magnificence), Whitelocke
thought fitt to fhow to the chancellor his powers to treate;
and they had conference to this effect.
Wh. Father, if you pleaſe to perufe this writing, you will
be fatisfyed, that the protector, fince the late change of
governement in England, hath thought me worthy to be
truſted and furniſhed with fufficient power as to this treaty.
Ch. My deare fon, this is very full, and a large teftimony
of the good opinion your mafter hath of you.
All your
powers, and the originalls of your commiflions (according
to cuftome), are to be left with us, to be regiſtered in our
chancery.
Wh. I fuppofe you will alfo deliver to me the originalls
of your powers to be inrolled (according to the engliſh
cuſtome alfo) in our chancery.
Ch. That fhall be done.
VOL. II.
H
Wh.
58
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Wh. The like fhall be done on my part; and the pro-
tector will be ready to doe whatſoever fhall be judged further
Aprill 10. neceffary for the ratifying of this buifnes.
Ch. It will be requifite that you let me have in latin your
inftructions from the protector.
Wh. I fhall caufe it to be done, except fuch part of them
as are fecret.
Ch. That which is to be referved in fecrecy, I defire not
to fee
there will be fufficient befides to fhow your powers.
;
Wh. They will fully appeare.
Ch. I fhould counfell you, before your departure out of
this kingdome, to make a vifit to the prince of Sweden; he
will take it in good part, and it will teſtify a refpect of the
protector to him, and render the alliance the more firme.
Wh. It is my purpoſe to viſit the prince, not that I am
in doubt of the validity of the treaty made with the queen,
unleffe the prince approve of it; butt, as you adviſe, to
ſhew the reípect of the protector to his kingly highnes, and
to acquit myſelfe of a due civility.
Ch. It will be fitt for you to doe it; and I fhall adviſe
you, att your returne home, to putt the protector in mind
of fome perticulars, which, in my judgement, require his
fpeciall care.
Wh. I fhall faithfully doe it, and I know they will be
received, with much the more regard, comming from you;
and I pray doe me the favour to lett me know them.
Ch.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
59
Ch. I would counfell the protector to take heed of thoſe 1654.
daungerous opinions, in matters of religion, which dayly in-n
Aprill 10.
creaſe among you, and, if not prevented and curbed, will
caufe new troubles, they never refting till themſelves may
domineer in chiefe.
Wh. Will not the best way to curbe them, be to flight
them, and ſo they will fall of themſelves?
Ch. I doubt they have taken too much roote to fall fo
eafily; butt, if they be not countenanced with preferre-
ments, they will the fooner wither and decay.
Wh. That will furely leffen them.
Ch. The protector must also be carefull to provide
money and imployment for his foldiers, elfe he will hardly
keep them in order.
Wh. That is very requifite; and for money there is good
provifion already made.
Ch. He muſt likewife be watchfull of the king's party,
who will be buify att worke, efpecially uppon the new
change.
Wh. The care therof is the life of our affayres, and his
highnes is moſt vigilant.
Ch. It behoves him to be fo, for they, that could not van-
quiſh him by armes, will indeavor to doe it by craft, and
treachery of your own party, which you muſt looke to.
Wh. He hath good intelligence of their plotts.
H 2
Ch.
бо
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Ch. It will alfo be prudence in him to lett the people fee,
that he intends not to rule them with an iron fcepter, nor
Aprill 10.
to governe them by an army, butt to give them fuch a li-
berty and injoyment of the benefit of their lawes, that the
continuance of his governement may become their intereft,
and that they may have no cauſe to defire a change; elfe
though they muſt beare the yoake for a time, yett, as foon
as they meet with an opportunity, they will fake it off
agayne.
II.
Wh. This is counſell proper to come from fuch a mind
and judgement as yours is, and I ſhall not fayle to report
it to his highnes; and your excellence hath rightly ſtated
the difpofition of my countrymen, who love peace and li-
berty, and will hardly brooke flavery longer then they are
forced to it by neceflity; and the belt way to governe them
is, to lett them injoy their lawes and rights, which will rule
them better then an iron fcepter.
Ch. It is the difpofition of all generous and free people,
as the Engliſh are, whom I truely refpect, and him that is
their head, that gallant perfon, the protector.
They had much other diſcourſe; and after being togither
till fix a'clocke, the father and fon, and the chancellor
and Whitelocke, called one another, and all the company
parted.
The chancellor had promiſed to procure Whitelocke his
diſpatch in a few dayes; he fent Canterftein to communi-
cate to him the articles drawne in forme, with the amende-
ments, to fee if there were any miſtake in them: White-
locke and the fecretary peruſed them togither, and agreed
on
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
61
on all except two or three points, in which was fome fmalle 1654.
difference; and Canterſtein promiſed to haften the ingroff-n
ing of them.
Many ftrangers dining with Whitelocke made him the
later in his viſit to the queen, to take his leave of her ma-
jefty, before her intended journey to fee her mother.
She promiſed Whitelocke, that, during her abſence, ſhe
would leave order with the chancellor, and his fon, to
conclude the treaty; and, att her returne, fhe would doe
what belonged to her, for the ſpeedy diſpatch of Whitelocke,
to his contentment.
She promiſed alfo to give order to her chancellor about
the buifnes of Guinee, wherof they had much difcourfe.
She was pleaſed to propound to Whitelocke a fecret
article to be between her and the protector, and not to be
in the treaty between her commiffioners and Whitelocke,
nor to be knowne to any of them: fhe fayd, that, if it might
be done, fhe fhould take it in very good part; butt if
Whitelocke thought it not likely to be done, then fhe would
thinke no more of it. She faid, the fubftance of what the
defired was, that it might be agreed, by a perticular article
between the protector and her, that in cafe thofe heer
ſhould not performe what they promifed to her, uppon her
refignation of the governement, that then it fhould be in
the power of the protector to breake the treaty now made,
and not to be bound by it.
Whitelocke was much troubled att this propofall, and
uppon a great difficulty in it, that if he ſhould deny it, the
queen might be diftafted, and break off from his treaty;
and
Aprill 11.
62
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654. and to conſent to it he had no commiſſion, nor held it re
fonable butt he told the queen, that it was a matter of
Aprill 11.
great weight, deferving her majefty's ferious thoughts what
to doc in it. He faid, he had no inftructions uppon any
fuch article as this, nor could agree to it; butt if her ma-
jefty pleaſed to have fuch an article drawne up, and to
figne it herſelfe, and fend it to the protector, he promiſed
to uſe his beſt intereſt to perfwade his highnes to a confent
therunto, and to figne it att Whitelocke's returne to Eng-
land, and fo to returne it to her majeſty.
She faid, that Woolfeldt fhould conferre with Whitelocke
about the drawing up of fuch an article, whom ſhe would
truſt in it, butt not any of the Swedes, bicauſe it might
concerne them, and occafion prejudice to them.
Whitelocke agreed, that Woolfeldt was a fitt perſon to
be trufted in this buifnes, and one with whom he ſhould
willingly conferre about any fervice for her majeſty; that
he believed fomething might be done heerin to the queen's
advantage, butt whither in this way of a fecret article, and
as part of the treaty, he doubted, left therby offence
might be given, and the treaty therby, as to both parts,
be weakened.
The queen replyed, that it would keep thoſe heer in fome
feare, left if they fhould breake with her, that then the
protector would not keep the treaty with them.
Whitelocke thought it beft to be att fome referve in this
article of fecrecy, not wholly to diffwade the queen from it,
left the might be diftafted: he faw advantage to the pro-
tector to have it putt into his power to break the treaty
uppon this occafion; butt he doubted the honor and cleer-
nes
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
63
Aprill 11.
nes of it, and, therfore, he judged it beſt to ſay the leffe 1654.
att this time. Only he obferved, what a condition the
queen had brought her affayres unto, when ſhe thought
not fitt to truſt any of her countrymen in this buifnes; and,
before her refignation, ſhe diſtruſted the performance of the
conditions of it towards herfelfe, and, therfore, would have
this fecret article as a bridle to them. Butt as the diftruft-
ed her own party, ſo ſhe teftifyed great confidence in the
protector and in Whitelocke, to whom the propounded
this fecret article of fo much concernement to her.
Whitelocke perfwaded her majefty to appoint faithfull
perfons to order her revenue for her, and not to ftay long
heer after her refignation; bicaufe he would then find a
great difference in the carryage of perfons to her.
She faid, the had taken care about her revenue as he
had advited her, and that the would be gone out of Swe-
den preſently after her reignation; that fhe expected the
alteration of mens carryages towards her after it, butt it
would not trouble her; that the world was of fuch a con-
dition, that nothing of respect was to be looked for, butt
where advantage was hoped for by it. She never esteemed
the fawnings of men for their own ends, butt her own pri-
vate contentment and fatisfaction.
Whitelocke fent his fon James, and his fecretary Earle,
to Canterſtein, with a coppy of the forme which White-
locke intended to follow in the inftrument intended to be
delivered by him, where he putt the protector's name firit,
and fome other finalle variations, as ufage required; wher-
with Canterſtein promiſed to acquaint the chancellor, and
to returne an anſwear.
4
White-
64
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Aprill 11.
I 2.
Whitelocke imployed his fon, for his experience to be
gained in theſe affayres.
Monf. Woolfeldt having done Whitelocke the favour to
dine with him, they retired, and diſcourſed privately to this
effect:
Woolf. The queen was pleaſed the laſt night to ſend for
me, and to communicate to me the matter of a fecret arti-
cle, which, fhe faid, fhe had before imparted to you.
Wh. What is your opinion of fuch an article?
Woolf. Truely I diffwaded her from it, as not convc-
nient, in my poor opinion, for either party.
Wh. I know your judgement is grounded uppon follid
reafon.
Woolf. My reaſons are, bicauſe this article is to be kept
fecret, and to be added as a part of the treaty by her ma-
jefty, without the knowledge of thoſe heer, which, when it
fhall come to be knowne, will give them the more cauſe
of objection and hatred againſt her for it, and expoſe her
to more inconveniences then it can bring advantage to
her; and, therfore, I thought it better for her majefty to
forbeare it.
Wh. Your reafons were the true ons.
convinced by them?
Was her majeſty
Woolf. She feemed to make more doubt of it then att
firſt, butt told me, that you were not much againſt it, and
defired to conferre with me about it while fhe was out of
towne;
i
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
65
towne; and fhe wifhed me to prepare fomthing againſt her 1654.
returne.
Wh. As I told her majefty, I can confent to nothing in
this point, having no inftructions in any matter of this
nature, as you will eafily believe; butt if her majefty fhall
thinke fitt to have any thing drawne up by way of a fecret
article, all that I can doe, will be to preſent it to the pro-
tector att my returne home; and I know he will be as
ready as any perfon to fhow refpect to the queen butt
what he will doe as to a confent in this perticular, I can-
not tell; butt am doubtfull, left it may be apprehended,
as a weakening of the treaty and alliance.
:
Woolf. That is a great and true objection againſt it;
and, in my opinion, it would be better for the queen to
write a letter to the protector in generall complement, and,
in it, to defire him to be a friend to her, and to give her
his affiftance uppon any occafion that may fall out concern-
ing her and this letter may be fent by you, and deliver-
ed by your hand to the protector; when you may acquaint
him with any thing further, or more perticularly relating
to her majeſty.
:
Aprill 12.
Wh. I thinke this will be much the better way; and if
fuch a letter be fent by me, I hope I fhall be able to pro-
cure fuch an anfwear, or, uppon any occafion, fuch a re-
turne, as will be to the contentment of her majefty: butt,
in cafe the queen fhould fignę fuch an article, and then
the protector ſhould not approve it, it would dițaft the
queen and her friends, and fhe would be cenfured to have
done too low an act in it.
VOL. II.
I
IFoolf-
66
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Aprill 12.
Woolf. I had yeſterday a long difcourfe with the chan-
cellor about your affayres of England, and, perticularly,
of your fleet now att fea; what ſhould be the defigne of
having ſo ſtrong a fleet att fea, the fea-war between you
and your ennemies being reported att an end, and peace
concluded; and whither your defigne might be for France,
or Spayne, or Portugall.
Wh. Or for the defence of England.
Woolf. He was much amuſed about it.
Wh. I hope that was not leffened by you.
Woolf. No indeed; I indeavoured to amufe him more,
and told him, that for France, England did not care to
have it; it would be butt a charge, and no benefit to them,
and imbroyle them in a long chargeable war.
Wh. England hath had experience therof formerly, when
they were maſters of France; and many of us thinke cur
own countrey as good as France.
:
Woolf. I am of that opinion; and I told him, there was
as little probability for any deſign againſt Spayne, bicauſe
of its diſtance, and little advantage to England by a war
with them.
Wh. I hope you commended a kingdome called Den-
marke.
Woolf. I firſt told him, that for Portugall, or the Indies,
the like objections were againſt any defign for them; butt
as for Denmarke, I told him, that England had juſt cauſe
to
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
67
Aprill 12.
to make war uppon that king, and that it would be no 1654.
hard buisnes to gaine uppon him; and the advantage of
traffique made me thinke that to be the moſt probable deſigne,
of any other, to be intended by this great fleet of England;
wherin it is moft likely for you to gaine advantage to your
comunon-wealth, and to give offence to none, having a juft
cauſe of quarrell againſt him.
Wh. Your brother the king of Denmarke hath given
cauſe indeed to be vifited.
Woolf. I fhall informe you of one thing, of which you
may now make advantage. Your king James made a
treaty with the laſt king of Denmarke, concerning the ifles
of the Orcades, which were clayıned by the Dane as part
of their territories; and, after the death of king James,
and our laft king, that then, uppon payment of 13,000 l.
by the Dane, he ſhould have the Orcades againe. Now,
both theſe kings being dead, according to that treaty,
it is in the liberty of the king of Denmarke to re-
deem thoſe iſlands; and it would be good for you, in the
treaty with that crown, who would be included in your
treaty with the Hollanders, to have a clauſe for the preſent
king of Denmarke to quitt his pretences to the Orcades
uppon the treaty with king James.
Wh. This is a very materiall thing, and I ſhall not fayle
to doe fomewhat in it, if I can returne to England time
enough; and I thanke you for putting me in mind of it.
Grave Eric came to Whitelocke, who had much difcourfe
with him touching Guinee, and the injuries done by the
Swedes to the English there.
I a
Eric
68
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Aprill 12.
Eric. One of the principall perfons of the fwediſh plan-
tation there is now in this countrey, and complaines of in-
juries done by the Engliſh to the Swedes there; I thinke it
may be fitt to heare both the complaints of the one and of
the other part, and theruppon to come to fome agreement
uppon the whole matter.
Wh. I have heer many examinations taken uppon oath
concerning this matter.
Eric. Thoſe complaints ought to be determined by the
king of that countrey, who fould the lands to the planters,
and can refolve all differences about that matter.
Wh. I believe that the complaints of this nature are pro-
perly to be made to the queen, whoſe ſubjects are concern-
ed in them, and they are alwayes under her rule.
Eric. The queen will make no difficulty to doe juftice
in this cafe, and I hope that the protector will doe the
like.
Wh. You need not att all to doubt it.
Eric. This meffenger, now come to me, hath brought me
letters from the queen, in which there is mention of this
buifnes.
Wh. Why may not an article touching Guinee be in-
ferted with the reft?
Eric. That will not be convenient, bicauſe the articles
are intirely concluded, and ingroffed, on our part; and this
of Guinee is butt a perticular builnes which, till now,
came
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
69
came not under confideration, nor hath bin examined; 1654.
and it will be better to have an article by itfelfe uppo Aprill 12.
this fubject.
Wh. I am fatisfyed with your reaſon, and thinke this
way will be no difadvantage to the marchants of either
nation. I defire an addition to the article touching paffe-
ports, that none ſhall doe any thing contrary to the letters
of paffeport.
Eric. I cannot confent to that, for it will render the
whole article fruitleffe in both parts; and there is another
article, that, in cafe any ſhall at any thing in prejudice of
the treaty, he hall be punished.
In confideration of this article, and in regard that the
agreement, touching the forme of paffeports, was remitted
to fomthing to be done therin afterwards, and he found
Eric ftiffe againſt any alteration, Whitelocke did not thinke
it materiall to infift further uppon i
it.
As to that which Whitelocke defired to the laft article of
ratification, that the words (vel fuccefforibus fuis) might be
omitted, Eric faid, he would confent therunto if he found it
materiall, and defired the buifnes might be finiſhed; and he
defired Whitelocke to excufe a little fmalle delay att pre-
fent by his abience for a few days, he being neceffitated
to goe out of town to morrow, butt, att his returne, all
fhould be concluded: and, as foon as the queen came
backe, the whole buifnes fhould be finished; which had bin
done before, butt by reafon of the queen's unexpected
journey.
In
70
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
In the morning the chancellor came to Whitelocke, and
ftayed with him neer three howers; they had much debate
Aprill 13 touching Guinee, to the like effect as before with his fon :
they had alſo debate about the amendements which White-
locke had defired might be inferted in the articles, chiefly
that touching paffeports, to which the chancellor would by
no means agree. He likewife faid to Whitelocke;
Chan. The queen caufed the articles to be copyed out,
to the end (as I believe) to communicate them to the prince,
which will be for the greater validity of the treaty and
alliance.
Wh. I am glad her majefty is pleaſed to take the advice
of the prince in this buifnes, and am willing to promife
myfelfe, that nothing is contained in the articles which he
will not approve.
Chan. I believe the fame.
Wh. This might be the occafion that my buifnes was
not finiſhed before her majeſty's going out of towne.
Chan. I myſelfe am alſo going into the countrey, and
come now to take my leave of you.
Wh. I hope you will returne before her majeſty.
Chan. I purpoſe to ſtay abroad butt four or five dayes;
and I find, that frequent exercife, and change of aier,
tendeth very much to the improving of my health.
Wh.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
7 ៛
Wh. I doe heartily wish your health; and hope that the 1654.
queen and you will fhortly be in town againe, and that
then my buiſnes will be finiſhed.
Chan. There is no doubt butt that your buifnes will be
diſpatched within a very few dayes after the queen's re-
turne.
They had much other diſcourſe touching the affayres of
England, in which the chancellor teſtifyed much reſpect to
England and to the protector.
Whitelocke invited the chancellor to dinner to his houſe ;
butt he excuſed himſelfe, alleadging, that his age and infir-
mities would not permit him to take a meale out of his own
houfe, or att the houſes of fome of his children, where he
might injoy the fame liberty as att his own houſe.
Whitelocke told him, that he ſhould have the fame li-
berty att his houfe (who was one of his fons), as he could
take att the houſes of any other of his children; butt the
chancellor earneſtly defired to be excufed, and Whitelocke
thought not fitt further to importune him, butt defired him
to haſten his returne hither, which he promiſed to doe.
Whitelocke received his letters from England, and, in that
from Thurloe, he writes:
"There hath bin confideration taken of your returne
home, butt the iffue of the treaty with the Dutch not being
yett knowne, his highneſs's refolutions, as to your returne,
are deferred untill the next; the difficulty of that buifnes
lyes in the article relating to the Danes, &c.
• All
Aprill 13
72
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Aprill 13.
14.
"All things elfe remaine as they did by my laft, fo that
your excellence will be faved this week the labour of read-
ing my long letter. This day we have a faft for the great
drought.
66
My lady was heer with me to haften your returne,
wherin I ſhould be glad to be inftrumentall. I pray God
preſerve your excellency, and bleffe the affayres under
under your
hand. I am
March 24th, 1653.
your excellency's humble fervant,
Jo. THURLO E."
"I ſaw a letter to his highnes from Ubfale, wherin fome
expreffions were uſed, as if your excellence were like to
be removed from the feale: his highnes commaunded me
to affure you, that there are no fuch intentions, butt much
the contrary; wherof your excellence will have reall demon-
ſtrations uppon all occafions."
Grave Eric defired Whitelocke to give a paffeport to a
fwediſh ſhip bound from Stockholme to Portugall: the
chancellor requested the fame, and both father and fon in-
gaged to Whitelocke, that there was nothing aboard the
veffell, nor any defigne in her voyage, againſt England;
that ſhe was freighted for Portugall only, and that they
ſhould efteem the favour as done to themfelves, bicaufe
they had a ſhare in the goods on board this ſhip.
Whitelocke, though he were hardly perfwaded to give
his paffeports to fwediſh fhips, or to any other, yett, con-
fidering the time when this was deſired, and the perfons
defiring
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
73
defiring it, he thought not fitt to deny it, butt gave it in 1654.
this forme*.
66
66
Aprill 14.
* See ap-
"Wheras Peter Gerbrant, cittizen of Stockholme, and pendix C.
"commaunder of a fhip belonging to her majefty the
queen of Sweden, called the Sudermanland, loaden with
"corne, and other fwedish marchandizes, is now bound
“for Liſbone in Portugal; and, for his better paffage,
"hath defired of me, being ambaffador extraordinary
"from his highnes the lord protector of the common-
"wealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, unto her
majeſty the queen of Sweden, to give him my paffe
"and letters recommendatorie: Thefe are therfore to de-
"fire all commaunders and officers by fea or land, and
"all others of the faid common-wealth, whom it may con-
cerne, to permit the faid Peter Gerbrant, togither with
"his faid ſhip and lading, to paffe unto the faid port of
"Liſbone quietly, and without any moleſtation; and ſo to
"returne from thence unto Stockholme, with fuch lading
"as the faid mafter flall there think fitt to take into his
Given, under my hand and feale, att Ubfale in
Sweden, this 14th day of Aprill, 1654.
66
66
ſhip.
66
"B. W."
Whitelocke gave an account in his letters this day to
Thurloe of all paffages of moment fince his laft, and wrote
further:
66
My letters, I confeffe, have bin tedious heertofore,
butt I aſk your pardon, and doe hope, that my buifhes is
now att fuch a period, that I fhall not have occafion to
trouble you with the like.
VOL. II.
K
"There
74
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
ما
"There is little to doe heer att this time, almoſt all the
great lords
lords and courtiers are gone out of towne, ſo that
Aprill 14.
heer is a lamentable filent place. I fhall be heartily glad
to receive my lord's order to authoriſe my returne; butt
my buifnes being now ended, I prefume I may expect his
pleaſure att any other place. I purpoſe to vifit the queen
mother, and the prince of Sweden, bicaufe other ambaffa-
dors have done it, and I have bin perticularly invited to it..
I thinke it will be a reſpect from my lord protector, which
they will take very kindly, and may be fome ftrength to
the alliance; and is not the leffe requifite for me, bicauſe
our ennemies report, that none butt mechanicks are of our
party; butt, ſince our being heer, the Swedes acknowledge
the contrary.
"I hope within two or three weekes to be att ſea, and
that my God, who hath hitherto bin fo good to me, will
give me a ſafe returne to my lord, and to my native coun-
trey, to whom I wiſh all proſperity.
Ubfale, 14th Aprill, 1654.
Your affectionate friend to ſerve you,
B. W.”
"I hope you will pardon the importunity of my wife's
follicitation, being for my returne. I have bin informed
this week, that fome holland fhips are loading heer with
ordnance, and other provifions of war. I hope his high-
nes hath bin pleaſed to give order for two or three fhips to
be att Hambourgh for my tranſportation into England, and
therin I intreat your favour.
6
B. W."
In
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
75
In this letter Whitelocke alfo gave advice, what he had 1654.
bin informed touching the treaty between king James and
Aprill 14.
the laſt king of Denmarke, concerning the Orcades, with his
humble opinion what was fitt to be done in that buifhes,
uppon the comprehenfion of the Dane in the Dutch treaty;
yett nothing was done therin: however Whitelocke was fa-
fatisfyed in the acquittall of himfelfe to have done his duety.
Uppon the earneſt requeſt of fome Scotts and Engliſh
gentlemen, on the behalfe of collonel Halfall, now in this
town, Whitelocke gave him this paffe.
<<
"Wheras the bearer heerof, lieutenant collonel Robert
"Halfall, had a paffe from collonel Robert Lilburne, com-
"maunder in chiefe of the forces in Scotland, under his
highnes the lord protector of the common-wealth of
England, Scotland, and Ireland, to tranſport himſelfe,
his fervant, and neceffaries into Sweden, uppon his oc-
"cafions; and having diſpatched his buifnes, he hath
"made his requeſt to me, being ambaffador from his faid
·66
66
highnes the lord protector to her majefty the queen of
"Sweden, to graunt him my paffe for his returne into
"Scotland: Theſe are therfore to defire all commaunders
"by fea or land, and all officers, and others, of the faid
common-wealth, whom it may concerne, to fuffer him,
"the faid lieutenant collonel Halfall, quietly to paffe into
Scotland, he acting nothing prejudiciall to the common-
"wealth aforefaid; and further I defire, that the com-
"maunder in chiefe in Scotland will be pleafed to flow
"unto him, the faid lieutenant collonel, fuch favour att all
"times as he fhall there deſerve. Given, under my hand
"and feale, att Ubfale in Sweden, this 14th of Aprill,
1654
66
"B. WHITE LOCKE.'
K 2
The
76
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
The refident of France having defired Whitelocke, that,
when he went abroade to take the aier, he would give him
Aprill 15.
leave to accompany him; Whitelocke fent to him, this
fayre day inviting, and leifure not hindering it: they went
togither in Whitelocke's coach to a wood, about an engliſh
mile from Ubfale, full of pines, firre-trees, and juniper,
and very fayre and pleafant walkes in it. The beauty of the
day and place had alfo invited thither, att this time,
the ambaſſador of Denmarke, and the Holland refident;
who, perceiving Whitelocke's coaches and company, croffed
out of the way where they were, and betook themfelves
to another walke: butt Whitelocke kept on in his, and
with the french reſident had much generall diſcourſe, butt
little of matters of ſtate, bicauſe they could not truſt one
the other; yett Whitelocke learnt from him the condition
of feverall perfons, in principall credit in the court of
France, and the way of their management of affayres.
This gentleman was very civill and courteous, and good
company, defiring the converfation of Whitelocke, which
he afforded him both going abroade, and in his houſe, to
which the refident did him the favour to be no ſtranger.
Whitelocke told him, he purpofed to goe by Norcupin,
and, by the way to visit the queen mother and the prince,
and to have his fhip meet him there. The refident faid,
the ſhip could not eaſily come to Norcupin, being no good
harbour; butt his beſt way would be to goe from thence to
Colmar, and his fhip to meet him there, the haven being
open, and the hip may come neer the town; and that
Norcupin was the mid way between Stockholme and Col-
mar, and the fhip might be as foon att Colmar as att Nor-
cupin; that the paffage to Lubec was much eafier from
Colmar then from Norcupin, and, with a good wind, might
be
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
77
be made from Colmar in two dayes: butt, heerof, White- 1654.
locke intended to have the advice of fome Swedes.
Aprill 15.
Monf. Bloome, this Lord's day, dined with Whitelocke, 16.
and told him, that the chancellor had left him in town to
keep Whitelocke company in the abfence of the chancellor,
and to affure him, that the chancellor would returne
agayne in a very few dayes. Whitelocke made much of
him, and had good informations from him.
He faid, that Grave John Oxenftierne, the chancellor's
eldeſt fon, had att that time, whileft his father was alive,
above 20,000 l. fterling of yearly revenue, which he had
from his father, and, by his wife, an inheretrix; and that
Grave Eric, the fecond fon, had, in his father's life time,
neer 10,000l. fterling of yearly revenue, befides what both
of them might expect from their father; and, therfore,
both father and fons, might (as they did) live in great ftate,
and with attendance of much porte and ceremony.
He
Grave Leonhough beſtowed a vifit on Whitelocke.
is a fenator, and one of the colledge of war; a perfon of
great eſteem, and good parts: his converfation was full of
civility, his diſcourſe (in french) was rationall, and for the
moft part uppon matter of war, hiftory, and the mathema-
tiques.
In his company was an officer, his brother-in-law, who
had ferved the king of Portugall in his late warres, and
was a civil perfon, and feemed a gallant man.
This Grave had bin long bred up in the warres, and was
now a generall major; and his difcourfe fhowed him to be
knowing and modeft,
He
978
JOURNAL OF THE 1
!
1654.
He demaunded of Whitelocke many queftions touching
the affayres of England, and perticularly of the late civill
Aprill 16.
diffentions there, and had a full account therof from White-
locke, by which he feemed to receive much fatisfaction ;
and acknowledged, that he had not heard the trueth before,
and that this relation juftifyed the proceedings of the par-
lement. He ſpake nothing to Whitelocke touching his
buifnes of the treaty, nor did Whitelocke mention it to this
Grave, whom he never faw before, and bicauſe it was a
day for other duetyes.
17.
18.
Ubfale being very empty, by the abſence of the queen
and all the great lords, who were retired to their countrey
houſes, butt moſt of them to Stockholme; it was given out,
that her majeſty would not returne to this place, butt re-
maine att Stockholme, and that the generall affembly ſhould
be held there; which was not believed by Whitelocke, bi-
cauſe the queen had affured him, that he would returne to
Ubfale within eight or ten dayes, and ſhe never brake her
word with him.
Her abfence, and the leifure which they had therby,
gave opportunity to fome of her mufitians, Italians, and
Germans, to paffe a complement on Whitelocke, to come
to his houſe, and, with great ceremony, to intertaine him
with their vocall and inftrumentall mufick, which was ex-
cellent good; and they played many leffons of english com-
pofition, which the gentlemen, who were muſicall of White-
locke's family, brought forth unto them.
Whitelocke returned a vifit to the Grave Leonhough,
whofe lodgings were butt meane, fuch as the town would
afforde; butt his treatment was with great civility.
Amongſt
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
79
Aprill 18.
Amongſt other diſcourſe, he inquired touching the difci- 1654.
pline of war, and ordering the foldiery in England; who,
he ſaid, muſt be well paid, or elſe they could not be kept
in good order.
Whitelocke acknowledged that to be very true, and faid,
that in England fpeciall care was taken for the conftant
and due pay of the armies, inuch beyond other countryes ;
by which means they were kept in the beſt, and ſtricteſt
diſcipline of any armies in the world; that violence or
plunder, contrary to the articles of war, was feverely pu-
niſhed.
The Grave acquainted Whitelocke, that he was to goe
out of town the next day to a generall mufter, about four
leagues from hence, within the province where he had the
governement; which occafioned Whitelocke to inquire of
him, and to be informed, that this was the ftanding militia
of the countrey, and that the manner of it was thus.
The whole militia of Sweden in the countrey, befides the
ſtanding forces of their armies in fervice, doth confift of
50,000 horſe and foot; wherof 12,000 horfe and 38,000.
foot, in the feverall provinces, are conftantly in a readines
to be drawn forth in fourteen dayes time: in Sweden are
about 5,000 horfe and 20,000 foot, and, in Finland and
the other provinces, about 8,000 horfe and 20,000 foot ;
in all above 50,000.
That the crowne is not att any charge for the pay of thefe
militia forces, unles they are drawne forth into actuall fer-
vice, and then they are payd as their other army forces
are, which is not very much or conftant; butt when they
are in an ennemies countrey, they live uppon the countrey,
and.
80
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 18.
1654. and take contribution, if not plunder: and fomwhat is al-
lowed them by the crown, as fo much in money (which is
a very ſmalle proportion), and fuch a weekly quantity of
bread, butter, and cheeſe, for every foot foldier, and a like
proportion for the horfemen; whofe charge may be gueſſed
att by that of their officers, of whom it was affirmed, that
the allowance to a captain of horfe was his ftove and his
ftable, and twenty ricks dollers a yeare. His ftove, they
call his fire, candle, and intertainment for himfelfe; his
ftable, that is horfe-meat, and roome, and fhooing; and
for himselfe, from the crowne (befides what he getts from
the countrey), butt twenty ricks dollers a yeare, with the
like proportion for other officers and foldiers.
The manner of maintaining their militia-forces, in the
countrey, was faid to be this. A horſeman was quartered
in the houfe of a boore, or hufbandman; if the man will
worke himſelfe and his horfe with the boore, to help him
in his huſbandry, then the boore gives the man and his
horſe intertainment freely, and hath their worke for it,
which is more worth then their meate; and the boore will
give the man perhaps fome fmalle fume of money befides.
By this way, the boore hath an advantage, the work of a
man and a horſe for their meat only; and the horſeman
hath an advantage, his own and his horſe meat, befides
what the crown allowes him, and himſelfe and horſe kept
in better condition by it; and, without his work, the boore
is not compellable to find him butt his lodging only.
He is quar-
In like manner it is for the foot foldier.
tered with a boore, and muft worke for the boore, or have
no diet from him; butt they doe worke generally, and, by
that means, the foldier is kept out of idlenes: the countrey-
man
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
81
Aprill 18.
man hath a benefit by his worke, for his diet only; wheras, 1654.
he muſt give diet and wages to a fervant, and the foldier,
by his worke, hath his diet, befides what the ſtate allowes
him, and fo he and his landlord are both well pleaſed. Butt
the crown hath the greateſt advantage, which heerby faves
the great pay, which otherwiſe they muſt allowe; and yett
thefe forces are conftantly in a readines, when the occafions
of the crown require their ſervice.
The officers of thefe militia forces have no pay att all
butt when they are in actuall fervice, neither doe they ex-
pect any pay, being gentlemen of quality and intereft in
the countrey; the chiefe of whome, who are fitt for it, are
made collonells, the next to them lieutenant collonells,
majors, captains, and inferior officers, according to their
ranke of the countrey gentlemen, knowne and beloved
among their neighbors, with whom their intereſt and power,
increaſed by their commaund, makes them the better fol-
lowed and obeyed: when they write out any from the mi-
litia to ſerve in the armies, thefe officers, and the lords of
the boores, appoint them; and, if any offend, they are
preſently written out to fend abroad into Ruffia, Poland,
Germany, and other parts, from whence they doe not all
returne fafe, butt are kept in great awe and obedience.
This day heer fell a great quantity of ſnow, and was in
one night fo hard frozen, that it would beare a cart; the
Engliſh wondered att it, butt not this country-men, the like
being heer ufuall att this time of the year, and after.
The counteffe of Brahé, wife of the ricks dreight-fett,
fent a gentleman to Whitelocke to acquaint him, that there
was a parcell of timber cutt, and lying ready, within four
miles of Gothenbergh, which did belong to her former
VOL. II.
hufband,
L
82
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 18.
1654. huſband, and was cutt for the building of a fhip; butt, by
reafon of her huſband's death, the fhip was not built, and
fhe offered the timber to Whitelocke att a reafonable price :
butt he finding that it had bin cutt four years, and lay far
from the water-fide, made an excufe, that it would be ne-
ceflary to have it viewed, which his haftening away would
not now permit; butt he returned thankes to the countefs
for her refpects in the offer of it.
19.
20.
Monf. Bloome, and divers others, having dined with
Whitelocke, acquainted him, that the chancellor intended
to returne hither the next day after the queen. Whitelocke
faid, he hoped the chancellor would have bin heer before
her majefty; butt this was an argument to confute the re-
port, that the queen would ftay att Stockholme and hold
the rickfdagh there another argument was, the queen's
officers removing and altering fome of the hangings in
Whitelocke's houfe, being longer and fitter for the roomes
to be furniſhed in the caftle for the rickfdagh, then
thoſe which they putt up in their places in Whitelocke's
lodging.
In purſuance of former difcourfe with Monfieur Bloome,
and by the defire of Mr. Bufhel in England to Whitelocke
to inquire into it, he received a paper in french, from a
perfon heer imployed about the mines, to informe him by
what means this perfon might be treated with to be brought
into England, for improving of our mines there.
Whitelocke alfo, by defire. of a worthy friend in England,
furniſhed himfelfe with a direction, how he might procure
fome haw kes out of this countrey, and chiefly from the Iſle
of Deulandt, where the beſt hawkes are: and he had gained
much acquaintance with Grave Gabriel Oxenfteirne, great
faulconer
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
83
faulconer and mafter of the queen's hawkes, who promifed 1654.
his furtherance of Whitelocke's defires heerin, and to affift
April 20.
and direct any fervant whom he fhould fend hither for that
purpoſe.
One Katherine Pen, an engliſh woman, the widow of an
officer of the queen's army, intreated Whitelocke to preſent
for her a fad petition to the queen, for ſome arreares due to
her huſband, which matters Whitelocke was not forward to
meddle with; butt this being his countreywoman, and of
the antient family of Pen in Buckinghamshire, to which
he had an allyance, Whitelocke did undertake to prefent
her petition to the queen.
He undertooke the like for a decayed english marchant,
refiding att Hambourgh, who petitioned the
queen for
moneyes owing to him att Bremen; where he could have no
juftice from the governor, vice chancellor, and others in
authority and this he undertooke to move to the queen,
uppon the earneſt requeſt of Mr. Bradefhaw, refident for
the protector att Hambourgh, by his letters this day re-
ceived.
He was alſo preſented with a latin epiftle from one Jonas
Olaii, begging for fome charity, and who, to be fure to
goe high enough, gave throughout his letter the file of
illuftriffime Comes and Celfitudo tua, for which his guift
from Whitelocke was the leffe.
In this dayes paquett, Whitelocke received letters from
the Mufcovia company in England, figned by the governor
and confulls, in which they fet forth the decay and loffe of
their trade in Mufcovia, by fupplantation of the Dutch, and
the Great Duke's disfavour to them, which they hope
L 2
may
84
JOURNAL OF THE
April 20.
1654. may be altered uppon the late change
uppon the late change of governement in
England; that they underſtand, there is now in this court
an ambaffador from the Great Duke to the queen; and they
defire Whitelocke, that if this ambaſſador doe viſit him, or
if he thinke fitt to vifit the Ruffian ambaſſador, that he
would intimate this matter to him, which they hope may
much further their purpoſe of fending to the Great Duke for
recovery of their trade.
By this poft Whitelocke received thefe letters from the
fecretary Thurloe.
For his Excellence my Lord Ambaſſador WHITELOCKE, att
Ubfale, in Sweden. Theſe.
66
"MY LORD,
"Your letters of the 24th of February arrived heer five
or fix dayes later than ufuall, and this day's poſt is not
yett arrived.
The peace with the Dutch hath bin in ſuch
"an uncertaine condition, that it was very hard to make
a judgement concerning the iffue of it. In the end of the
"laſt, and beginning of this weeke, it was more probable
"that the war fhould continue then otherwife; and your
"excellence will fee by the inclofed papers, which paſſed
"between the commiffioners of his highnes and the am-
"baffadors (which I have ſent to you bicauſe there is con-
"tained in them the true ftate of the treaty as it tood
"whileft the differences lafted); the laſt of thoſe papers will
"lett your excellence fee, that they are now very near a
"clofure; and the trueth is, that there is now nothing
wanting butt the drawing up of things into forme, and
"the figning on both fides, which I believe will be effected
"within three or four dayes att furtheft. Butt bicauſe
66
66 we
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
85
*
April 20.
"we cannot rely upon the peace as made, untill it be ac- 1654.
tually figned, his highnes will deferre the fending in-
"ſtructions to you in reference, either to your preſent ne-
gotiation, or returning home, untill the next, when your
"excellence may certainly expect them; and in the meane
time, your excellence may reft affured, that there hath
"bin no other caufe, in delaying inftructions to you uppon
"this fubject, butt the defire that there is in every body to
give you cleer directions in fo doubtfull a cafe as this.
If your ftaying or returning did depend uppon your own
negotiation there, it were eafy to leave you to your own
guidance; butt when it refts meerly uppon the conclu-
"fion of the preſent treaty heer with the Dutch, it is not
poffible to give you any inſtructions, which you may with
fafety act uppon, untill the iffue therof be perfectly
"knowne; and after that, your excellence ſhall not be an
"hower without the knowledge of his highnes's pleaſure
theruppon..
" If
66
.66
66
<<
"It is certaine, this ftate hath moved uppon chriftian
grounds only in making this peace; we have not bin
"beaten or frighted into it: the Dutch have not yett any
"fleet att fea, nor can have this moneth, if the war
"fhould continue. In the meane time, we have 140 fayle
"att fea, and better ſhips then we have had att any time
"heertofore, which gives occafion to all our neighbours to
"wonder att our intentions therby.
"Since I begun my letter I have bin with the dutch am-
"baffador, and every article is agreed word-for word, fo
"that nothing now remains to be done, butt to write them
"over and figne, which will be done uppon Monday next.
"It is not poffible for me to fend umo your excellence a
copy of the articles, as they are now agreed, I hope to
6
* doe.
186
JOURNAL OF THE
April 20.
1654. "doe it by the next, when you will be fatisfyed concerning
"the reports, I heare there are in Sweden, concerning the
"honorable termes the Dutch have gotten by this treaty.
"I know not what men may expect in matters of honor; I
am fure the true intereft of the nation, both in point of
"trade and otherwife, is provided for more fully then ever
"hath bin in any treaty made between theſe ftates.
66
-66
"The french ambaffador had a publique audience on
"Monday laft: there is joined with him in commiffion one
"Monfieur le Baas, in quality of a commiffary, who is a
great confident of the cardinal's, and a very crafty man.
"The french doth certainly intend by all meanes to make
"a league with his highnes, and offers very frankly and
confiderably, as to our prefent intereft. The Spanyard
61 yett thinkes he faith more to invite the protector to looke
that way, and imbrace an alliance with him; and fure he
"is the ſteadyer friend, and hath the better and more con-
" fiderable trade.
.
66
6
"The newes I have either from France or Holland this
"weeke, your excellence will receive inclofed. The af-
fayres in Scotland doe not much alter: Middleton is very
"active to gett an army, butt keeps in the moſt northerly
"" parts. We never mett with any of their forces butt we
“beate them: the laft letters being, that we fell uppon a
party, and tooke forty prifoners, and fixty horfe, which
"is all we have from thence.
.66
"I have done my uttmoft to gett the fwedifh fhips re-
leafed; butt to fay the trueth, although fome of the
"Swedes are innocent, yett many of them appear to be de-
ceivers, which makes the reſt fare the worſe. I indea-
"youred to gett a refolution of the cafe your excellence
wrote
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
87
:
April 20.
wrote about by your former letters, fo as to have fent it 1654.
"by this poft, butt could not the orders, which have bin
"made about it fince my laſt, I have fent; wherby your
"excellence may fee the care that is had to doe juftice
"therin.
66
"What your excellence is informed concerning the pre-
"ferring of the agent of the Swiffe to Lagerfeldt in their
farwell, is a great miſtake: I know no honor, done to
"him att his going away, butt the fending the anfwear of
"his letter to him by the maſter of the ceremony; he had.
"neither guift, nor intertainment, that I know of.
"I hope the copy of the articles of the dutch treaty,
" which I formerly fent, your excellence hath received be-
"fore now. I am forry to heare that your intertainement
"in Sweden begins to be like my lord St. John's in Holland;
"butt I truſt the Lord will continue his protection to your-
"felfe and family, which is the prayer of
31. March, 1654.
66
your excellence's humble fervant,
56
Jo. THURLOE."
"Monfieur Bonnele, the queen of Sweden's commiffary,
hath defired audience to deliver a letter congratulatory to his
highnes from the queen: the fuperfcription is not very
right, befides your excellency having writ nothing about
it, fome difficulty hath been in the delivery of it; butt yett
att laft refolved to receive it as it is."
This letter is inferted to fhow by it the conftant way and
courſe of intelligence, and the generality and cleernes of it,
between Thurloe and Whitelocke, wherby his buifnes and
eputation
88
JOURNAL OF THE
April 20.
1654. reputation in this court was very much advanced; and White-
locke made great ufe and advantage by it.
The papers
ufually inclofed in Thurloe's letters were many, and con-
tained all perticulars of moment touching the dutch treaty,
as alſo relating to the affayres of England, and of moſt parts
of Christendome. One claufe in this letter of Thurloe's,
that, after the dutch treaty concluded, his highnes would
JPROD
fend new inftructions to Whitelocke, for his direction to
proceed in the treaty in Sweden; this gave much trouble
and perplexity of thoughts to Whitelocke.
He could not imagine what thofe new inftructions ſhould
be; if they ſhould be contrary to what he had already
agreed, it would be not only to the diſhonor of Whitelocke,
butt of the protector likewiſe, and of the engliſh nation,
for him to goe back from what he had before affented to,
and to goe out heer with a fnuffe, retracting his former
agreement, or elſe he muft proceed contrary to his in-
ſtructions, which would not be ratifyed; and both of theſe
miſchiefs great enough.
He was in fufpence, whither he ſhould feale the articles
heer before hand, or expect the receipt of theſe inſtructions
before he figned them; he confidered, that if he ſhould
deferre the ſigning of the articles, till after the receipt of
thoſe new inftructions, that then they could not att all be
figned by the prefent queen, who intended to continue butt
one week in the governement: and if ſhe did not figne in
that time, ſhe could not figne att all; butt the whole muſt
be remitted to a new treaty with the new king, uppon new
credentialls, commiffion, and inſtructions, which would re-
quire much time and trouble.
He
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
89
April 20,
He thought not fitt to communicate his doubts, butt re- 1654.
ſolved with himfelfe to proceed to the finiſhing of the treaty,
without ſtaying for new inftructions from England, bicaufe
otherwiſe all his negotiation would become fruitles; and he
held himſelfe obliged, in honor and confcience, to make
good what he had already affented unto, before any men-
tion of new inftructions came to him, and what he had
done, being purſuant to his former inftructions, and, in his
judgement, for the advantage and good of England.
He was alſo willing to perfwade himſelfe, that the new
inftructions would extend only to the order of his returne,
and was fo to be taken by Thurloe's letter, and to the cloſe of
his whole negotiation; wherin he had done nothing, and re-
ſolved not to doe any thing, butt what he believed to be
juſt and honeſt.
He was alſo troubled, left the queen fhould putt off the
treaty uppon ſome diſtaſte about the fecret article, and yett
pretend only the abſence of her chancellor; butt Whitelocke
left all to the providence of God, and his bleffing uppon
honeft and diligent means, wherin he refolved not willingly
to be wanting. And whither to putt it off or to proceed to
the diſpatch of it, feemed the more difficulte, bicauſe of a
letter from his wife; wherin fhe wrote that Thurloe faid to
her, that it was fitt her huſband fhould receive certain in-
ſtructions what to doe before his comming away; bicaufe, if
he fhould doe any thing too fuddenly, without good warrant,
it might coft him his life. This indeed were a worthy and
meet recompence for all the hardſhips, perills, and faithfull
fervices undergone and performed for thofe, who were then
in
power; butt his hope and expectation of reward was from
above the higheſt of them.
VOL. II.
M
Whitelocke
90
JOURNAL OF THE
1654
April 21.
Whitelocke made his difpatches for England, and part
of his letters to Thurloe was this.
66
<<
*
"The queen and court being out of town, this is a for
litary place. The daniſh ambaffador and the dutch re-
"fident are ſtill heer. The ſpaniſh, german, and muſco-
"vite envoyés are gone away. My buifnes remaines
"in a readines to be figned, which is appointed uppon
"the queen's returne; and flie is looked for every
day. If they be not figned within thefe few dayes, it.
"cannot be done by her att all; bicaufe fhe intends to re-
"figne the governement the beginning of May, and per-
haps the prince may be crowned in June; and two or
"three moneths after that will pafs, before new credentiall's
can be fent from his highnes; and it may be two or three
"moneths in ceremony and diſpatch of the buifnes, by
"which time another winter will be heer.
(6
66
64
Uppon which confiderations, I humbly conceive it
"much more for the ſervice of my lord to diſpatch my
"buifnes heer out of hand, and the rather bicauſe of the
"conclufion of the dutch treaty, which, I hope, will prove
very proſperous to our nation.
66
66
66
"My articles had bin figned before the queen's going
away, butt that ſhe was willing to communicate them to the
prince before her commiffioners figned them; which I like-
"wife thought very fitt to be done, in regard he is fo neer
"the fucceffion. And I likewife intend to falute him from
،، my
lord protector, before my going out of this countrey.
"I am now only in expectation of his highnes's further
"commaunds and inftructions, concerning my returne,
"which I hope for by the next poſt.
7
• I
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
91
.66
"I give you moft hearty thankes for the papers, which 1654.
"are not only a comfort, butt very usefull to me heer. I re-
"ceived formerly from you a copy of the dutch articles, April 21.
" and if I did not returne you thankes for them, I confeffe
"I forgot myſelfe; and likewife, if, in one of my letters,
"I did not acquaint you, that the queen had an intention
(as fhe told me) of fending a congratulatory letter to my
"lord the protector: butt how the direction of it was, I
"know not, bicauſe I never faw it; butt I take it as a per-
“ticular favour to me, that his highnes was pleaſed to re-
"ceive it, though it were not as it ought to have bin; wherin
" he hath anſweared the reſpect of the queen, who excepted
againſt my credentialls, butt yett received them.
66
“I am exceeding glade of your good conclufion of the
"dutch buifnes, which, I am perfwaded, will be of great
"advantage to our nation; and I looke uppon the iſſue of
my buifnes heer being agreed, before the iſſue of our
treaty with the Dutch was known, to be both a perticu-
"lar reſpect to the protector and governement, and leſſe
difficulte then it would have bin, if tranſacted after our
agreement with the dutch.
66
"They are much amufed in thefe parts att our gallant
"fleet, and fo early att fea; and I permit them all their
conjectures, neither have they gained much allay of them
"from me by their inquifitiveneſs.
66
"I had a complement fent me, the laft night, from the
"dutch refident, that he hoped ere long to have an oppor-
tunity to come and vifit me: I anfweared, that I fhould
"not be wanting in that civility which became me.
M 3
*
I
92
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
April 21.
22.
"I was intreated, by the cittizens of Stockholme, to re-
ceive this fuit of theirs in the incloſed
paper.
21. April, 1654-
Ubfale.
::
“ B. W.”
The french reſident viſited Whitelocke, and, ſeeing him
ready to goe take the aier, offered him his company, which
Whitelocke could not refuſe they went togither to the li--
brary of this univerſity, where there are many good bookes,
for the moſt part brought out of Germany; butt it is not ex-
traordinary, nor exceeding the publique libraries in England,
and elſewhere. One of Whitelocke's gentlemen held it not
exceeding his lord's private library att his own houfe in
England, as he affirmed to fome of the fchollars heer, who
were not pleaſed therwith, nor would eaſily believe, that the
engliſh ambaſſador's library, in his private houſe, was to be
compared to that of their univerfity..
He
The keeper of this library is one doctor Lovenius, there
prefent, a learned and civill perfon, who hath publiſhed
feverall books in print, touching the lawes, and governe-
ment, and antiquityes of his countrey, in good latin; and
both himſelfe and his works are worthy of eſteeme.
was attending uppon Whitelocke all the time of his being
in the library, and in the publique places of the univerfity,
and informed him of fuch things as he inquired touching
the fame; and, to gratify their civility, Whitelocke fent them
twenty of his own bookes, which he had in his houſe, all of
them engliſh authors, as the Primate of Armagh's workes,
Sir Henry Spelman, Selden, and others; which was a preſent
very acceptable, and kindly received by the univerſity from
him.
They
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
93
They affirme this univerſity to be very antient; butt there 1654..
are no colledges or publique houſes for the maintenance of
Aprill 2-2.
the ſchollars, or publique revenue belonging to them; fo
that they doe not live togither in bodyes or companies by
themſelves, butt every one ſeverally, as he can agree or find
for his conveniency..
Butt heer are divers publique roomes or ſchooles, where
the profeſſors and ſchollers uſe to meet and performe their
exerciſes openly; and the romes of their library are three,
about twenty foote fquare a-piece..
There are all forts of profeffors for the arts and ſciences,
who are promiſed good falaries, butt they complaine that
they are not well payd; and though ſome of them be very
learned, yett they take not much paynes; it may be accord-
ing to the proverbe, mal payé mal fervi, he that is ill payd
doth butt ill fervice: fome counted the number of ſchollars -
to be about 300, which is not more then may be found in :
one colledge in England..
They make great preparation by printing their thefes,
and publiſhing them, and inviting the grandees to their dif….
putations, where the queen in perfon is fometimes prefent,
though the exerciſe is only the art of well difputing, except
in fome of their profeffors and eminent perfons..
Their univerfity is a kind of corporation, like others,
their want of fupplyes not affording them ſo much perfec-
tion; and their defect of governement giving them liberty
and temptation to diforder, to which they are much addicted:
butt in their fermons, whileft the Engliſh were among them,
they would propoſe them as a patterne of civility and pious.
converfation. Their goverirement is by a chancellor, who
att.
}
94
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. att prefent is the ricks chancellor; and it hath conftantly
bin in the hands of fome eminent and great perfon.
Aprill 22.
Whitelocke and the reſident viſited the cathedrall church,
which is fayre and large, built with bricke, and covered with
copper: they affirme it to be one of the moſt antient
churches of Europe, and that the gofpell was heer early planted,
butt earlier in the church of old Ubfale, which is of a qua-
drangular forme, and formerly dedicated to their heathen
gods. Their cathedrall, they fay, was the feat of an arch
flamen, and in the places of arch flamens, and flamens,
uppon their converſion to chriſtianity (as in England fo heer),
bishops and arch biſhops were inftituted; and now their
cathedrall, as other churches, is full of images, crucifixes,
and fuch other furniture, as the Lutheran churches tollerate,
and is little different therin from the popifh churches.
The refident and Whitelocke tooke alfo a view of the
caſtle and citty of Ubfale. The caftle is neer the town, feated
uppon the point of a hill; it is built of bricke, plaiſtered
over, ftrong and beautifull: if it had bin finifhed, the de-
figne was to have had it fower fquare, butt two fides of it
only are built; it had bin very large and noble, if it had bin
perfected. As it is, it containes many roomes, and ſufficient
for the court; fome of them are great and ftately, butt up
two ſtories, after the faſhion of that countrey: if it had bin
finiſhed, it would have equalled any other, if not the caftle
of Stockholme itfelfe.
+
The profpect from the caftle is very beautifull; the
countrey round about it pleafant and fruitfull, and diftin-
guifhed into meadowes, paftures, and arable fields, and
the river Sale paffing through them, which loofeth itfelfe
about halfe a league from thence into a great lake.
The
SWEDISH A MBA S S Y.
95
The river is navigable with boates of about twenty or 1654.
thirty tunnes, many leagues togither, going through the
lake alſo; it is not muddy, nor unfurniſhed with the fiſh of Aprill 22.
thoſe parts, and is about halfe as broade as the Thames att
Henley. It runnes att the foot of the hill on which the
caſtle ſtands, and the town is built uppon it; and it waters
moſt part of the ſtreets, to their great commodity.
It is for this reafon called Ubfale, bicaufe Ubbo, who,
they fay, was the fon of Gomer, the ſon of Japhet, the fon
of Noah, this Ubbo built this town uppon the river Sale,
and therfore called it, after his own name, Ubbo Sale, by
contraction of ſpeech now called Ubſale.
All agree it to be one of the moſt antient of their cittyes,
the metropolitan fee of their archbishop, and, in old time,
the refidence of their kings, and where they were inveſted
with the regall dignity.
The countrey about it feemed one of the moſt pleaſant
and fruitfull of theſe parts; the town itfelfe not much beau-
tifyed with ſtately buildings, not above nine or ten houſes being
built with brick; the rest of them, after the faſhion of their
countrey, built with great bodyes of firre trees, and covered
with turfe; the fayreft of their brick houſes was that where
the engliſh ambaffador lodged..
This citty hath not much trade, and therfore not much
wealth; the governement of it is according to the muni-
cipall law of the countrey, and as other cittyes are: their
head officer is a burgh mafter, who hath for his affiftants a
councell, in the nature of the common councells in our cor-
porations in England, confifting of the principall burgeffes.
and.
+
96
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. and inhabitants of the citty, who have power with the burgh
mafter, as to making of ordinances, and in the governement.
Aprill 22.
23.
In their journey to take the aier, the refident and White-
locke had much difcourfe, touching the images in their
church, and about the obſervation of their fabbath; wherin
the reſident was furniſhed with the ufuall arguments of the
papifts, and was anfweared by Whitelocke, and was not
fo pofitive as moft of his perfwafion ufe to be.
He difcourfed alſo about the dutch treaty in England, te
gett from Whitelocke what he could to report to the danifla
ambaffador and dutch refident; for which he was fitted by
Whitelocke's anfwears to him.
This being the Lord's day, many gentlemen of the English
and Scotts nation, then in town, came to Whitelocke's houfe
to the morning fermon, and moſt of them ftayed the after-
noon fermon alfo; and fo many ſtrangers being there atten-
tive in the holy duetyes, it gave the greater cauſe of ſcandall
and offence to Whitelocke, that divers of his own family
were abfent, wheras, by his orders, they were all injoyned
to a conftant attendance, eſpecially att thofe religious ex-
ercifes nevertheleſs fome of them (perticularly Mr. Caftle
and Andrew Potley) were therin more in fault then others,
and, after many admonitions, would not reforme, butt made
it their common practice almoft every Lord's day in the after-
noon to be abfent, and to goe abroade and take the aier.
Whitelocke confidering the reproach and fcandall, and
the ill example heerby to his family, and the doing of that
by fome of them, againft which he had spoken fo much heer
to the people of this place, uppon which it would be col-
lected, that either he had not the power over his own people
to
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
97
Aprill 23.
to order them as he judged fitt, or elfe that he and the reft 1654.
of his company were diffemblers, and found fault with that
in others, which they either acted or tollerated in themſelves;
Whitelocke finding two abfent on this day, he
gave order
to his ſteward to fee their tronkes and goods carryed out of
his houfe, and themfelves difmiffed of further attendance on
him, and removed from his family: yett afterwards, uppon
the interceding of others for them, and their own fub-
miffion, the puniſhment was fufpended; and when they
perceived that Whitelocke was in earneſt, it cauſed a refor-
mation, both in thofe two and in others, as to this duety, and
in other perticulars.
About nine a'clocke this evening the queen came to towne;
ſhe had in her traine butt one coach with fixe horſes, and
three horſemen: fo little ceremony did fhe obſerve as to her
own porte, but would rather make this fuddein and private
returne then breake her word with Whitelocke, whom in a
complement ſhe had promiſed to be heer againe within a few
dayes, and fhe kept her word honorably and conftantly;
butt Whitelocke was forry that ſhe continued her old cuſtome,
too frequent heer, of travayling uppon the Lord's day.
Whitelocke waited on the queen to give her the wellcome 24
home, and found her lodgings changed, leaving the better
roomes for the prince; fhe excufed her long ftay out of
town, and ſaid ſhe would now have no more delay in his
buifnes, butt it fhould be forthwith difpatched. Whitelocke
told her, that the chancellor and his fon were not yett come
to town; but he humbly thanked her majefty for the ſpeed
of her returne: fhe affured him that her chancellor and his
fon would be in town the next day, and that ſhe ſhould not
have
VOL. II.
N
98
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. have come to town fo foon butt for his buifnes, that the day
after her chancellor's comming the articles might be figned.
Aprill 24.
She likewife difcourfed with him about the fecret article,
that in cafe thofe heer fhould not performe juftly with her,
that then the protector ſhould not be bound by this treaty.
Whitelocke told her, that Woolfeldt and he had conference
about it, and had fully confidered it, and were both of
opinion, that it would be unfitt for her majefty to make fuch
an article, and it might turne to her prejudice; butt White-
locke faid, that if fhe pleaſed to write to the protector, and
to leave her letters with Whitelocke to procure an anfwear
from his highnes to her majefty, wherby his care for
her good and affiſtance to her might appeare, and the letter
to be fitt to be fhowed, it might be of more advantage to
her then fuch a fecret article, to which he was not impowred.
to affent, butt it muſt be remitted to the protector and
whither he would confent to it, in that way or not, was
doubtfull; and when it ſhould be knowne to thoſe heer, it
would be diftaftfull. Uppon this,
Uppon this, the queen feemed fully
fatisfyed, as to the fecret article to be layd afide, and not
more thought on.
Whitelocke adviſed her as formerly touching her liberty,
and not long continuing heer after her refignation; and fhe
thanked him for his advice, and fayd, that in cafe thoſe
heer ſhould not deale juſtly with her, fhe hoped fhe fhould
find the protector a friend to her, and that ſhe did putt her-
felfe uppon his nobleneſs and friendſhip.
Whitelocke told her, that the protector was a great lover
and maintainer of justice and honor, and had a perticular
affection to her majefty, which he believed fhe would find
him ready to manifeſt uppon this or any other occafion, and
find
SWEDISH AMBAS S Y.
99
find him a true friend to her; wherwith (poor lady!) the 1654.
feemed much comforted, having brought her affayres to fo
Aprill 24.
low an ebbe as this was; and thus high was the protector's
reputation heer.
As to the generall buifnes of the treaty with Whitelocke,
fhe faid, it would be fitt to have the articles figned to-mor-
rowe, and that Whitelocke foon after fhould have his audi-
ence, and fhe would give order to have it done accordingly.
She aſked Whitelocke if he would beare her company to
take the aier, which he did; and fhe riding a horfe managed
to the great faddle, who was troubleſome, he came into her
coach, and caufed Whitelocke to fitt in the fame boote with
her, that they might difcourfe the more privately. There
were alfo in her coach the fenator Roſenhaw, Grave Tot,
and Steinbergh.
The queen freely told Whitelocke, that if he would not
fell his horſes, as fhe underſtood he would not, that
yett fhe
fhould take it for a favour, if he would lett her have one of
his fetts of coach horfes, which would doe her great fervice
in her intended journey, they being fitter for travayle then
any ſhe had.
Whitelocke told her, they were all att her
majeſty's fervice; that he thought it not becoming him to
fell them, butt if fhe pleafed to accept them, fhe ſhould
freely have them; that he thought his black horſes fitteſt for
her, and beſt, and there were eight of them, and the
other fett he intended to prefent unto the prince: that, fle
faid, would be very well, and ſhe kindly thanked him, and
accepted of his complement.
Whitelocke alfo told the queen, that he had a fmalle cabi-
net of glaffes of fpirits of waters, effences of excellent kinds,
extracted;
N 2
100
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 24.
1654. extracted; butt he believed that her majeſty did not much
efteem fuch things, and they were too inconfiderable to
make a prefent of them to the queen mother, if fhe had any
liking of them. The queen faid, her mother was much
pleaſed with fuch effences, and that ſhe would fend them to
her from Whitelocke. He asked when he ſhould bring them,
and an engliſh bible which he promiſed to the queen; fhe
faid, to-morrow if he pleaſed, and that att all times he
fhould be wellcome to her.
25.
Grave Eric fent his fecretary to Whitelocke to informe
him of his being come to town, purpofely for the diſpatch
of his buifnes, and for the ſigning of the articles; and he
defired to know what time this afternoone he might have the
liberty to come and vifit Whitelocke, after he had bin with
the queen. Whitelocke told the fecretary, that he ſhould
be glad to fee his lord, after Whitelocke had likewife bin
att the court; and there they mett.
Whitelocke went in to the queen, and prefented her with
the cabinet of effences, which was of green velvet, lined
with filver lace very richly; within it were about twenty
glaffes of fpirits of the rareſt kinds, each glaffe ftopped with
a filver head of engliſh ſilver, to fcrew off and on, and a
lock and key of the fame; and opening the cabinet, the
queen finelt of moſt of the glaffes, butt taſted none of them:
the highly commended them and the cabinet, eſpecially the
engliſh filver, wherof ſhe had fome diſcourſe, and faid, fhe
would fend them to her mother, who would be very glad of
them.
Then, according to his promife, he preſented her ma-
jeſty with an engliſh bible of a very fayre print, and richly
bound; and uppon that they had this difcourfe..
Wb.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
IOI
Wh. If your majeſty would be pleaſed to ſpend fome time 1654.
in reading this bible, and comparing it with thoſe in other
languages, it would be a great help to your underſtanding Aprill 25.
of the engliſh, if your majeſty have any further thoughts
therof.
Qu. My defire ftill is to gaine the engliſh tounge; and E
thinke this, which you mention, will be a good way to learne
it. I aſke your pardon that you ſtayed fo long before you
came in to me; no-body told me of your being without, and
I'am aſhamed of this incivility.
Wh. The incivility, madame, is on my fide, by inter-
rupting your greater affayres; butt I come not now as an
ambaſſador, but as a perticular ſervant to bring this bible to
your majeſty.
Qu. It is a noble preſent, and there was the leffe reaſon-
to make you ſtay for admittance with it.
Wh. This booke was prefented to me by an engliſh doctor,
with a letter, mentioning the text, that the Bereans were ac-
counted the more noble, bicauſe they received the word with
gladnes, as I hope your majeſty will.
Qu. I receive it from you with much thankfullnes, and
ſhall gladly make uſe of it as the beſt of bookes.
Wh. Your majefty, by often reading it, and comparing it
with other bibles, will not only therby gaine advantage, as
to the language, butt the higheſt comfort to your foule.
Qu. I have ufed to reade much in the bible, and take
great contentment in it...
7
Wh..
102
JOURNAL OF THE
!
1654.
Aprill 2.5.
{
Wh. Your majeſty will find more contentment and com-
fort in the ſtudy of this booke, then of all other bookes what-
foever; and therfore, I doe humbly recommend the often
reading of it to your majeſty.
you fo
Qu. I doubt you have an ill opinion of me, that
earneſtly perfwade me to this, as if you thought me too
backward in it.
Wh. I only give my humble advice to your majeſty, out
of my own experience, of the great comfort, wiſdome, and
true pleaſure, which is to be mett with in this booke, and no
where elſe, and that all things out of it are of no value.
Qu. I am full of the fame opinion; butt there are too
many who have not fo venerable an opinion of it as they
ought to have.
Wh. There are indeed, madame, too many, who mock
att this booke, and att God himfelfe, whofe book it is; butt
theſe poore wormes will one day know that God will not be
mocked, and that they and their reproaches will fadly perifh
togither; and I am glad to heare your majefty's diſtaſt of ſuch
wicked ones.
Qu. Surely every good chriftian ought to diſtaſt ſuch men
and fuch opinions.
They had much more diſcourſe uppon the fame fubject,
wherin Whitelocke fpake the more, bicaufe he found the
queen more inclined to it now then he had perceived her to
be att other times.
Being
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
103
Being come from the queen, he ſpake with Grave Eric in 1654.
another roome, whofe opinion was, that it would be fitt to
Aprill 25.
fign the articles on the morrowe, and faid, that his father
would be returned time enough to doe it. Whitelocke
doubted, that by reafon of his wearineſs after his journey,
it might not be then convenient. Eric replyed, that there
would be nothing to be done that would occafion trouble,
the ſigning and putting the feales to the articles already pre-
pared and agreed on, was all that was to be done.
Whitelocke demaunded if the power given by the queen
to her commiffioners were fealed; Eric faid it was not, butt
that Canterſtein would be in town this evening, and would
fee all done.
Grave Eric came to Whitelocke's houſe, and this diſcourſe 26...
paffed between them.
Wh. It ſeems to me fomwhat ſtrange, that, after all things
agreed between her majeſty's commiffioners and me, I fhould
yett attend three weeks to obtaine one halfe hower for the
figning of the articles.
Eric. The queen's going out of town hath occafioned
it, and the great buifnes touching her refignation, which
hath fo taken up all men's thoughts and councells, that
there hath bin hardly roome left for any other matter: and
when the queen goes away, thofe of the councell alfo take
the liberty to goe into the countrey, and, uppon fuch ex-
traordinary changes as theſe are, it is no ftrange thing for.
publique miniſters to be retarded; and the fame thing hath
bin practifed uppon your changes in England.
Whe
104
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 26.
1654. Wh. I have not obferved, either in England or elſewhere,
that after an agreement uppon a treaty, and nothing re-
maining butt to figne and feale, that they have uſed after-
wards to delay it three weeks togither; yett I am willing to
promiſe myfelfe, that the fervant of the protector may ex-
pect from this crown as much reſpect, as any other publique
minifter.
Eric. There hath bin more refpect ſhowed to you then
hath bin accuſtomed to any other: I believe your. buifnes
may be diſpatched in halfe an hower; and if my father re-
turne this evening time enough to doe it, it may be done
this night, if not, then without fayle to-morrow morning.
Wh. I am the more earneft heerin, looking uppon it as
my duety to the protector and my reſpect to this crowne, to
avoyd any occafion of diſcontent between the two nations;
and therfore, I fhall freely tell you, that it will be very ma-
teriall to have the articles figned this day, or to-morrow, be-
fore I receive this week's letters, by which I expect to under-
ftand, that the articles between England and Holland are
figned; among which articles one is, that neither the one
nor the other confoederate fhall make any alliance with any
other prince or ftate, without firft giving notice therof to
the other confœderate: now, if the articles between the
protector and the queen be figned, before I have notice of
this by the dutch articles being figned, the ſigning of our
articles heer firft will be without exception in this point;
butt if I receive this information from England before the
articles be figned heer, it will be doubtfull whither then I
fhall be in a capacity afterwards to figne the articles heer,
wheruppon fundry inconveniences will enfue, which I would
willingly prevent.
Eric.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
105
•
Eric. This is indeed a materiall point, and I am much 1654.
ftartled att it: I fhall goe and fee if my father be come to
town, that I may acquaint him with it, and doubtlefs the Aprill 26.
buifnes may be finiſhed to-morrow.
Wh. What doe you refolve to doe in the matter I propoſed
touching Guinee?
Eric. The perfon concerned in that buifnes is now in
towne ; I fhall bring him to you, to give you information
therin, and, uppon ſpeaking togither, we may come to fome
conclufion in it: I thinke the beſt way will be to prepare an
article to this purpoſe; that all injuries done by the one or
the other party in the feverall plantations in Guinee, and the
fatisfaction and damages to be given to the parties grieved,
be uppon the whole matter remitted to the confideration
and arbitrament of perfons to be chofen, as well by the
company of engliſh marchants trading to thoſe parts, as of
the marchants of this countrey having intereft in the plan-
tations there.
Wh. I thinke this may be a good expedient for this buif-
nes; and I fhall rather fubmit to it then depart from hence,
without any agreement att all to have this matter either
now or att fome other time to be taken into confideration
and therfore, if you pleaſe to direct an article to be drawne
up to the effect propofed by yourſelfe, and to fend it to me
to be perufed, I fhall be willing to confent to any reafonable
fettlement of this builnes; fo as my countrymen, the engliſh
marchants, intereſted in that plantation, may have no caufe
to believe that I have neglected what was fpecially recom-
mended to me on their behalfe, and that my fuperiors may
fee my care in this as well as in other matters.
VOL. II.
0
In
тоб
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Aprill 25.
27.
In the evening Monf. Bloome fent word to Whitelocke
that the chancellor was come to town, and that Canterſtein
was expected this night.
Preſently Whitelocke fent to the chancellor, to know how
he did after his journey, and when he might have the li-
berty to visit him; the chancellor anfweared, that he was
well, and purpofed this evening, or to-morrow morning,
to goe to the queen, and afterwards he would fend to White-
locke, to lett him know what time they might meet to finiſh
his buifnes.
This feemed to Whitelocke a little different from the or-
dinary rules of civility; that when he fent to the chancel-
lor, to know att what time he might come to him, the
chancellor anfweared, that his purpoſe was to goe to the
queen; butt Whitelocke hoped, that the intent was to re-
ceive her majeſty's direction in his buifnes.
Lagerfeldt came to Whitelocke from the chancellor to
tell him, that the chancellor was come to town purpoſely
for the figning of the articles. Whitelocke faid, he was
much obliged to the chancellor for fo great a favour, and
that, after three weeks elapfed fince the articles were agreed,
he might now hope it would be thought ſeaſonable to con-
firme that agreement with hand and feale.
Lagerfeldt anſweared, that it might be done this day,
and therfore he came to Whitelocke, that his fecretary might
meet with the queen's fecretary, and they togither might
examine the books, which, in the evening, may be figned
and fealed by both parties.
Wb.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
107
Wh. Hath Monf. Canterſtein procured the queen's patent 1654.
to authoriſe her commiffioners to conclude this treaty?
Lag. It must be done before the figning of the articles,
and then you may have your audience when your excel-
lence pleaſeth.
Wh. It were fitt to have that done.
Lag. I know not whither the preſents, which her majeſty
intends to make to your excellence and your company,
be yett ready; and I know the queen intends to expreſſe
as much honor to you, as ſhe hath done to any ambaffador
whatſoever.
Wh. I defire no greater honor then the diſpatch of my
buifnes, and liberty to returne home.
Lag. I fhall ferve your excellence therin to the utmoſt of
my power.
In the afternoon, Whitelocke fent his fon James, and his
fecretary Earle, and Swift, with the articles and papers
touching his buifnes, unto Canterſtein, where they examin-
ed them, and corrected what was miſtaken; they afked, att
what hower Whitelocke might repayre to the chancellor for
figning the articles? Canterftein anfweared, that the chan-
cellor was weary with his journey: butt he went to him,
and brought word, that if Whitelocke would come to the
chancellor about five or fix a'clocke this evening, he would
be ready to conferre with him.
This being reported to Whitclocke by his fon, he fent
him back to Canterftein, to know whither the queen had
fealed
O2
Aprill 27.
108
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. fealed the graunt of power to her commiffioners; who
brought word, that it was not done, and that the queen
went out of town this evening, and returned not till to-
Aprill 27.
morrow.
After this meffage, and when Whitelocke faw that his
letters of this week were not come, he fent to the chancel-
lor to lett him know, that he feared it might be trouble-
fome to him for Whitelocke to come to him this evening;
and that, if he pleaſed, Whitelocke would come to him the
next morning. To which the chancellor willingly agreed,
and appointed their meeting to-morrow, betwixt eight and
nine a'clocke in the morning.
The chancellor inquired, whither Whitelocke had yett
received his letters from England? The fervant of White-
locke faid, that the letters were not yett come; butt that,
by the last weekes letters, the newes came, that the peace
between England and Holland was certainly concluded; to
which the chancellor faid, I defire to be excuſed.
By theſe paffages Whitelocke perceived, that their little
defigne was (notwithſtanding all he had indeavoured), that
before they would figne the articles, they defired to fee
this week's letters; which he tooke, as directed by the good
hand of Providence, in regard that, by this means, he
fhould be the more excufed in what he intended to doe,
having ſtayed for this week's letters and received none; and
the politicians heer would be deceived in their expecta-
tion.
He wondered att the queen's going out of town before
fhe fealed the commiffion to her deputyes; fome thought the
reafon
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
109
reaſon to be, bicauſe her intended preſents were not yett 1654.
ready.
Whitelocke received a letter from the protector's refi-
dent att Hambourgh, wherin this was part :
For his excellence my lord ambaſſador Whitelocke, extraordi-
nary ambaſſador from England with the queen of Sweden.
""
Humbly thefe,
"The english letters are not yett come, butt from Hol-
"land they write, that two expreffes were come on the
"21ft inftant, with letters, affuring, that the peace was
"concluded and mutually figned; and that as foon as the
"ratification could arrive in England from the ftates gene-
"rall, hoftility fhould ceafe.
Hambourgh,
15th Aprill, 1654.
"I am, my lord, with tender
"of my humble fervice, your
"excellency's moſt humble fervant,
"RI. BRADESH AWE.'
""
Whitelocke made ufe of this intelligence, as farre as it
would goe, and fome others in this towne had the fame
newes from Holland.
Aprill 27.
Att the time appointed, Whitelocke and his company 28.
came to the chancellor's lodging, with whom was his fon
Grave Eric, and fecretary Canterftein.
James and his fecretary Earle were
roome; all the time of their being there, fecretary Canter
Whitelocke's fon
admitted into the
ftein
*
ΙΙΟ
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 28.
1654. ftein was uncovered, and did not fitt. Whitelocke's fon
James was alſo bare (as became him), butt was admitted to
fitt downe att the lower end of the table, on the fame fide
with his father, who fate att the upper end, and the chan-
cellor over against him, and Grave Eric by his father.
The chancellor acquainted Whitelocke, that the queen
had ſhowed the articles to the prince, who did well ap-
prove of them, and defired to have a ftrict league and
friendſhip with the protector, and that the prince was ready
in what ſhould appertaine to him to contribute to that
end.
Whitelocke anfweared, that the protector would eſteem
the friendſhip of the prince a great honor to him, and to
fhow his defire of it, that Whitelocke intended to falute the
prince from the protector.
The chancellor, and his fon, faid, that it would be very
neceffary for Whitelocke to doe fo; and that the prince in-
tended to come neerer to this citty, and then Whitelocke
might have the better paffage to his court by water, by the
lake Meter, then to goe to him by a land journey; and
that, from the prince, he might, by the fame lake, be
tranſported to Stockholme.
After many ceremonies and complements, with apologies
for the delay of the fealing of the articles, they fell to their
buifnes.
Grave Eric read the articles prepared by Whitelocke, and
his father overlooked them; Whitelocke's fon James read
the articles prepared by the chancellor, and Whitelocke
overlooked them: and, fome mistakes being amended,
White-
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
III
Whitelocke afked, whither the queen's commiffion to give 1654.
them power were fealed? They anſweared, it was prepared,
and that the queen would feale it; and it was ufuall to be Aprill 28,
done att any time after the fealing of the articles: that
yeſterday it was not fully ready for the queen, before her
going out of town, butt that fhe intended to be heer againe
this day, and all would be ready for her fealing.
:
The chancellor directed Canterſtein to reade the copy of
the inftrument for giving power to the queen's commif
fioners, and defired Whitelocke to give to him the com-
miffion of the protector to Whitelocke; who ſaid, that he
had formerly delivered to them a copy of it, which was
then read and the chancellor tooke exception to it, bi-
caufe there was no mention in it of ratifying what ſhould
be heer agreed uppon by Whitelocke; who anfweared, that
this clauſe of ratification was in his firft commiffion, under
the great feale of England, unto which the commiffion and
powers, given him fince by the protector, doe referre; and
he offered to deliver into their hands that commiffion un-
der the great feale. And if they fhould require, that White-
locke might yett have a larger power (wherof he thought
there was no need, they might
they might perceive, by the pro-
tector's letters, that he would not fcruple to give it), White-
locke faid, that he would take it uppon him, att his re-
turne to England, to procure it to be done; butt, he faid,
he could not leave with them the protector's letters and
inſtructions to him, bicaufe part of them was fecret.
The chancellor faid, it was the cuftome to deliver the
original letters of power into the hands of the other party,
that they might be regiftred in the publique acts of the
chancery, and that Whitelocke fhould receive their com-
millions to carry with him into England; that if he would
pafle
II 2
JOURNAL OF THE
Aprill 28.
:
1654. paffe his word, that, att his returne to England, he would
procure new and larger powers, and take care to fend the
letters of them hither from the protector, they fhould be
fatisfyed therwith which Whitelocke promiſed to doe, and
defired, that the queen would ratify all that ſhould be done
heer before her refignation, and keep the ratification by
her until the protector ſhould feale letters of ratification
on his part, and then they might be exchanged, and mu-
tually delivered.
The chancellor confented heerunto, and afked, what feale
the protector uſed in theſe publique buifneffes? Whitelocke
faid, he uſed his own feale: the chancellor aſked, if he did
not uſe the feale of the common-wealth, in regard that this
league was between the queen and kingdome of Sweden,
and the protector and common-wealth of England? White-
locke faid, that the protector might, if he pleaſed, com-
maund the feale of the common-wealth to be affixed to the
letters of ratification, which he believed would be done if
they defired it; and that, by the fame reaſon, it was fitt
that the letters of ratification heer fhould be under the
great feale of Sweden.
The chancellor faid, that in Sweden, when the governe-
ment was in the hands of commiffioners, the king or queen
not being crowned, it was uſuall for fome chiefe men, of
alliance to the deceafed king, to make ufe of his private
feale, and of no other; that if this treaty were with the
Polles or Danes, or others, that being wanting in their let-
ters which was in Whitelocke's, he would not proceed any
further with them, untill they fhould procure a
procure a fuller power
and commiffion: and he faid he had bin prefent att many
treatyes, which had bin broken off uppon a leffe defect
then appeared in Whitelocke's letters; butt in regard their
buifnes
1
SWEDISH AMBAS S Y.
113
Aprill 28.
buifnes was with the protector, whom the queen and him- 1654-
felfe did ſo much honor, and had fo great a confidence in
him, and uppon Whitelocke's promife to procure fuch a
power as they defired to be inlarged to him from the pro-
tector, the chancellor faid, they were ready to confirme the
articles with their feales. Whitelocke tooke uppon him
what they defired, and then the chancellor and his fon
Eric fealed that part of the articles which Whitelocke had
prepared; and Whitelocke fealed the other part of the arti-
cles, which had bin prepared by the chancellor and his fon
Grave Eric *.
* For the
articles
of the
fee ap-
The engliſh of theſe articles are not inferted, the fame treaty,
being in print.
pendix P.
The queen's commiffioners infifted to have the date of
thefe articles 11th Aprill, bicauſe then they were fully
agreed, and the time after was for ingroffing and prepar-
ing them to be figned and fealed; and Whitelocke did not
oppoſe their defire heerin.
Thus, after a long and intricate (it might be faid vexa-
tious) tranfaction of this great affayre, for neer five moneths
togither, all bitter oppofitions, cunning practices, and per-
plexed difficulties, being removed and overcome, through
the goodnes and affiſtance of the only wife counfellor, the
Prince of Peace, it pleafed him to give a good iffue and
happy fucceffe in the conducting of this treaty by him,
who accounts his great labour and hazards in this tranfac-
tion well beftowed; and humbly prayes, that this treaty
may prove to the honor of God, the intereft of the
teftant cauſe, and the good of both nations therin con-
cerned.
pro-
VOL. II.
P
Though
114
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Though Whitelocke received no letters this weeke from
England, yett he had fome from Hambourgh, and from
Aprill 29. Flanders; among which was one from Don Piementelle full
of civility and complement, giving Whitelocke notice of his
fafe arrival in Flanders, and adviſing him to take that
way in his returne: and in it was a letter in fpanifh from
Piementelle to the prince of Mamines in Flanders, to be
made ufe of by Whitelocke, if he fhould have occafion
there, for the more fafety and accomodation of his
*See ap-journey *
pendixQ,
for the
fpanish
letter.
:
This letter Whitelocke cauſed to be tranflated.
"Moft excellent fir,
My lord Whitlocke, the lord ambaſſador extraordinary
"of England, having finiſhed his ambaffy in this court, is
"refolved to returne through this province, having paffed
"from Hambourgh to Colen; and that he may goe to
"Bauffarias with better fecurity, he defires a paffeport
"from your highnes to the lord Archduke. I, having writ-
ten that it may be diſpatched, and added, that it may
"be remitted to your excellence, doe intreate you to
"order, that the faid difpatch may be delivered to the
66
66
party, whom the faid lord ambaſſador fhall fend from
"Colen for it; and that, he paffing through this village,
"his lordship, by his civill intertainment, may underſtand
"the favour your excellence doth afford me; I owing to
"this honourable perfon many and fingular refpects,
" which I defire to manifeſt and acknowledge. I am con-
fident your excellence will affift me heerin, and will be
difpofed to imploy me in many fervices of yours in Ma-
drid, whither I am commaunded to goe, by order from
'my
66
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
115
66
my lord the king, and fhall begin my journey within 1654.
"three or four dayes, by way of Bauffarias; where I hope
April 29.
"to find your excellency's commaunds, which, I affure
66 you, I ſhall efteem in all places, and obey with the
higheſt punctuality. God preferve your excellence the
many years of my defires.
"
66
"Your excellency's greateſt ſervant,
"ANT. PIMENTELL."
In the letter, which Whitelocke wrote to Thurloe, after
an account of the paffages fince his laft, he wrote thus :
"Having received no letters by the poft yeſterday from
England, I was contented to feale the articles of our treaty;
for if butt a few dayes fhould be intermitted, they could
not have bin figned att all, bicaufe uppon Tueſday next
the rickfdagh, or parlement heer, is appointed to meet,
and within two or three dayes after their meeting, the
queen intends to refigne her governement, and it will be
fome time after before the prince be crowned. I ſhall have
much to doe to diſpatch the neceffary ceremonies heer of
my publique audience, to take my leave of the queen, with
the many vifits I am to performe, according to the custom,
to which I am to conforme, in regard of the honor of his
highnes and our nation; for he, who neglects thefe ceremo-
nies heer, is cenfured for a mechanick or a boore. I in-
tend from hence to goe to the prince of Sweden, to falute
him from my lord protector; as I am adviſed, that the
prince expects and defires it. From thence I purpofe to
goe to Stockholme, where I am to take fhip for Lubec, and
from thence to Hambourgh; where I fhall attend his high-
P 2
nets's
116
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. nefs's further commands, or fome fhips to be fent for my
tranfport into England, which I earneſtly intreate you to
procure in time.
April 29.
"I hope, before my going from hence, to receive his
highneſs's order, which I long fince wrote for, concerning
my returne: butt, however (my buifnes being effected
heer), I prefume I may, without diſpleaſure to his high-
neſs, be uppon my returne homewards; the rather, bicaufe
uppon the change which is fhortly to be heer, my commif-
fion will be att an end.
"The queen intends, fhortly after her refignation, to
goe to the Spawe, which I have caufe to believe in thofe
parts, they fay, the king of the Romans will waite uppon
her; butt that I doubt.
"Her majeſty hath ſhowed extraordinary affection and
reſpect to my lord protector; fo hath the chancellor and his
fon Grave Eric, and my lord Lagerfeldt, &c."
Whitelocke waited on the queen, and gave her an ac-
count of the figning and fealing of his articles; wheruppon
fhe faid,
Qu. I am glad that this buifnes is done to your fatif
faction.
Wh. There remaines only your majefty's fealing your let-
ters of full power to your commiffioners, who treated
with me.
Qu. I fealed them this morning.
Wh.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
117
Wh. Then my humble fuit is, that your majeſty would 1654-
appoint a day for my audience to take my leave.
Qu. This is Saturday, butt if you defire it you may have
it on Friday next.
Wh. Would your majeſty's leifure permit to give me
audience on Tueſday or Wedneſday next, they being no
holydayes?
Qu. The affembly is to fit on Tueſday, and att their firſt
meeting I fhall have a great deale of buifnes with them,
which will hinder me from any other affayres.
Wh. I humbly pray your majeſty to appoint it, as foon
as your own leifure will permit, for I ſhall have many buif-
neffes and ceremonies after it to performe, before my going
away.
Qu. On Monday next I will appoint a day; and touch-
ing the fecret article, about which I formerly difcourfed with
you, I have now altered my opinion, and am refolved to
follow the advice that you and Monf. Woolfeldt have given
I will write a letter under my own hand to the pro-
tector, to the effect you adviſed, and deliver it to you to
be preſented to him.
me;
Wh. This will be much the better way.
Qu. I defire you to be carefull of the letter; and, before
I feale it, I will fhow it to you for your advice in it.
Wh. Madame, I fhall have a fpeciall care of it, and to
procure an anfwear of it from the protector, I hope, to your
majeſty's
April 29.
118
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. majeſty's contentment, that you may make uſe of it if there
fhall be occafion; and I believe the protector will be a firme
April 29. friend to your majeſty.
Qu. I doubt it not, nor your refpects to me.
Wh. I am ingaged, by your many favours, to ferve your
majeſty with all faithfullnes.
Qu. I had fome clothes in a fhip comming hither, and
the ſhip is taken, and my clothes detained in England, fo
that I cannot gett them to weare.
Wh. If your majeſty want clothes, I have a piece of
engliſh ſtuffe att my houſe, which coſt two ſhillings a yeard;
and, if that were not too deare for your majeſty's wearing, I
would fend it to you.
Qu. Two fhillings a yeard is deare enough for me: I
pray fend your ſtuffe hither, and I fhall willingly accept it,
and thanke you for it.
Wh. Will your majeſty be pleaſed on Monday next to
goe into England?
Qu. Hardly fo foone; yett perhaps I may one day ſee
England: butt what is your meaning in this?
Wh. Madame, Monday next is the firſt day of May, a
great day in England; we call it May-day, when the gen-
tlemen uſe to waite uppon their miſtreffes abroade, to bid
the fpring wellcome, and to have fome collation or inter-
tainment for them. Now, your majeſty being my miſtris,
if you will doe me the honor, that, after the custome of
England,
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
119
Aprill 29.
England, I may waite on you on May-day, and have a 1654.
little treatment for you after the manner of England: this
I call going into England, and ſhall take it as a very great
favour from your majeſty.
Qu. If this be your meaning of going into England, I
ſhall be very willing, as your miftris, to goe with you on
Monday next, and to fee the engliſh mode.
Lagerfeldt and the mafter of the ceremonies dining with
Whitelocke, he inquired of them, what was to be done by
him as to preſents to any of the queen's fervants or officers,
who had done him refpect in his buifnes, or being heer ;
and what other things were requifite to be done by him,
according to the uſage of ambaſſadors in this court before
their going away, and when he might obtaine his audience
to take his leave.
The mafter of the ceremonies gave him good and charge-
able inſtructions, and Lagerfeldt agreed in moſt points with
him; and, uppon Whitelocke's intreaty, undertooke to ſee
that the letters of full power to the queen's commiſſioners,
and the re-credentialls to Whitelocke, fhould be perfected
and brought to him, and a day of audience appointed.
Lagerfeldt told Whitelocke, that the queen was willing
to preſent him with fome of this countrey commodities, ast
copper, to carry with him into England, if it would be as
acceptable to him as other preſents of diamonds and the
like; and, he faid, he hoped there was no order of the
common-wealth of England to forbid the receiving of fuch
prefents by their publique minifters.
He
I 20
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
He faid, that formerly he afked of Monf. Chanut, the
french ambaffador heer, if he would accept a prefent of
April 29
copper; and he willingly accepted it, and carryed it with
him, faying, that he rather defired copper then diamonds
or jewells, bicaufe he could better fell the copper then
jewells, and make money of it.
30.
Whitelocke faid, that whatfoever her majefty pleaſed to
beſtow on him, fhould be wellcom to him, and that he
liked the commodities of this countrey as well as thoſe of
the Indies, and that for Chanut's reafon.
He ſaid, that the protector had not forbid him to receive
any teftimonies of the queen's refpect to him, as ſhe uſed
to doe to all publique minifters; that the order of the com-
mon-wealth, forbidding guifts or prefents to publique mi-
nifters, was not now in force; that he thought her maje-
fty's bountey to him, and his juftification of the acceptance
of it, might be the more from fuch valuable preſents, as her
majeſty had done him the honor to receive from him, and
his intention to beſtow all his horfes uppon her, and ſuch
as fhe would appoint, which, for the honor of the com-
mon-wealth, he would not fell.
Berkman and Monf. Bloome dined with Whitelocke, and
took occafion to magnify the reſpects of the chancellor and
his fon Grave Eric to the protector, and to Whitelocke;
who was not backward to joyne in thoſe eulogies, and to
acknowledge the refpects. Berkman faid, that Canterſtein
was to bring fome writings to Whitelocke, and that Lager-
feldt had ſpoken to the queen to prefent Whitelocke with
fome copper; that ſhe had given order for 200 fhip-pownd
of copper to be brought from the mines to Stockholme, to
be putt aboard Whitelocke's fhip, ready to be carryed away
2
with
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
121
with him; that every ſhip-pownd was heer worth forty dol- 1654.
lers, and was as much as 300 english pownd; which he caft
Aprill 30.
up in the whole to the value of about 2500 l. fterling; and
Whitelocke was fatisfyed in his own confcience, that he
might honorably receive it, having given to the queen as
many preſents already as were worth 1000 l. and ingaged
to her his horfes, which were worth above 2000 l. more ;
befides the guifts and gratuities which he had liberally
given, and intended to give to the queen's fervants and
officers; and that, in recompence of above 3000 l. given
away, he might well receive a prefent of the value of
2500 1.
Grave Loenhough viſited Whitelocke, and had much dif-
courſe with him, not fo proper for this day.
VOL. II.
MAY.
122
JOURNAL OF THE
1
MA Y
1654. AGERFELDT, Berkman, and the fyndick of Gothen-
L
bergh, after dinner with Whitelocke, difcourfed and
May 1. adviſed him touching his departure..
Lagerfeldt faid, he believed the queen would give White-
locke audience on Friday next; before which time her pre-
fents would not be ready for Whitelocke and his com-
pany he ſaid alfo, that he heard the prince intended to
be in this town within a few dayes, and if it fhould be ſo,
then it would be better for Whitelocke to ſtay heer, and
expect his comming hither to falute him heer, then to goe
out of his way fo farre as to the prince's court; in which
matter, Whitelocke faid, he would intreat the queen's.
advice.
Lagerfeldt faid further, that the queen had commaunded
fome copper to be brought to Stockholme, and to be putt
aboard the fhip where Whitelocke was to be imbarqued,
or in fome other fhip as he ſhould appoint; it being a pre- .
fent intended for him by the queen.
The fyndick acquainted Whitelocke, that the citty of
Gothenbergh would fend into England, to prepare there
for an accord concerning traffique between the english mar-
chants and that town, wherin they hoped to have the affif-
tance of Whitelocke att his returne to England; wherin he
promiſed his advice and furtherance.
A danish
A
SWEDISH AMBA S S Ý.
123
A daniſh gentleman of quality and experience gave a 1654.
viſit to Whitelocke, adviſed him the way of his journey, May 1.
and gave him good information touching Denmarke, to be
communicated to the protector; as that the Engliſh mar-
chants might paffe the Sundt, without paying any taxe, if
the protector would infift uppon it. Whitelocke, in drol-
lery, aſked him, why he would difcover theſe things to a
ftranger, which turne fo much to the prejudice of his owne
countrey? He anfweared, that he did this to teftify his
reſpects to the protector; and that he did not betray his
countrey, butt his countrey had betrayed him; and that
was his countrey where he breathed, and had preſent
nouriſhment.
Monf. Woolfeldt vifited Whitelocke, and, among other
difcourfes, related to him the ftory of himſelfe and his
lady, which was to this effect, by his and other's relation.
This gentleman was of a noble family and extraction in
Denmarke, grew into great favour with the laſt king, whoſe
daughter, by a ſecond wife, he marryed; and the prefent
king, her brother, made him vice-roy of Norway, gover-
nor of the ifle of Zeland, and of the Sundt, and a fenator
of the kingdome, and great mafter of Denmarke; and he
had bin imployed thirteen times as an ambaffador.
His lady, the daughter and fifter of a king, was of ex-
cellent comelines of perion and behaviour, humbly know-
ing her diſtance; of a fweet difpofition, and of rare parts
both of mind and body; efpecially delerving prayfe for her
high and entire affection to her husband, who, notwith-
ftanding his great parts and abilities, and the many perils
he had undergone in the fervice of his king and countrey,
yett, after all, by the whisperings and falfe fuggeftions of
Q 2
back
124
JOURNAL OF THE
May 1.
1654. back-biters, his ennemies, was traduced to the king, for
being too much a friend to the peoples liberty, and an
oppofer of the king's abfolute power: butt, beyond all (as
fome gave it out), that he was too familiar with one of the
king's miftreffes; fo it was, that the king tooke high dif
pleature againſt him. Parafites tooke the occafion to pleaſe
the king, by invectives againſt one under a clowde; his
parts attracted envy, and his merits were too great for any
other recompence butt his owne ruine.
To avoyd the king's wrath and his ennemies malice,
and to preferve his life, which was aymed to be taken away
with his fortune, he was compelled to flye from his coun-
trey, and feeke his fecurity in forein parts.
His lady, though a tender modeft woman, though the
fifter of the king regnant, high in his favour, and the in-
tereſt of her alliance; though preffingly inticed to caft off“
her affection to her husband; though unacquainted with
any hardships; yett fo intire was her conjugall love and
piety, that, rather then part with her huſband, ſhe would
leave all her relations and pleaſures of a court, and her
deare countrey, and putt herſelfe (though with child) into
the diſguiſe of a page, to attend him in his flight as his
fervant.
It may be imagined, that fuch a fervant was not un-
kindly uſed; butt the greateſt trouble was, that, being on
fhip-board to crofle the Baltick fea, the poore page whif-
pered the maſter, that fhe had a longing defire to fome
cherryes, which fhe faw in the towne as they came to the
ſhip heer was the difficulty, if her lord did not goe on
fhore and procure fome cherryes for the page, it might coft
her life; if he did goe on ſhoare, and, in the meane time,
the
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
125
t
May 1.
the hip fhould goe of, he and his page would be parted, 1654.
and his own life indaungered. It was reafon and honor that
perfwaded him, rather to hazard his own then ſuch a page's
life; therfore, having effectually dealt with the mafter of
the hip for a little ftay, he foon found out a pretence to
goe on fhore, and neglected not to haften back againe with
his provifion of cherryes, and to find out a way of diftri-
buting a large fhare of them to her that longed for them.
After which, they happily fett fayle and arrived in Sweden,
where, by articles between the two crownes, thofe in his
condition have fanctuary and protection.
In the afternoon Whitelocke went to court, where he
mett with Canterſtein, who excufed himfelfe, that he had
not yett brought to Whitelocke the queen's letters of full
power to her commiffioners, which, he faid, the queen had
figned two dayes before, and that he had bin ficke, other-
wife he had delivered them before this time. Whitelocke
afked him, if his re-credentialls were prepared? he faid,
they were ready for the queen to figne when ſhe pleaſed,
and that nothing in his charge concerning Whitelocke
ſhould receive any delay by his occafion. Whitelocke gave
him thanks for his care, and promifed his remuneration.
This being May-day, Whitelocke, according to the invi-
tation he had made to the queen, putt her in mind of
it, that, as fle was his miftris, and this May-day, he was,
by the cuftome of England, to waite uppon her to take the
aier, and to treate her with fome little collation, as her
fervant.
The queen faid, the weather was very cold, yett fhe was
very willing to beare him company after the english mode.
With
126
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 1.
With the queen were Woolfeldt, Tott, and five of her
ladyes.
ladyes. Whitelocke brought them to his collation, which
he had commanded his fervants to prepare in the beſt man-
ner they could, and altogither after the engliſh faſhion.
Att the table with the queen fate La Belle Comteffe, the
counteffe Gabriel Oxenftierne, Woolfeldt, Tott, and White-
locke; the other ladyes fate in another roome. Their
meate was ſuch fowle as could be gotten, dreffed after the
english fashion, and with english fawces, creames, pud-
dings, cuſtards, tarts, tanfies, english apples, bon chrêtien
peares, cheeſe, butter, neats tounges, potted veniſon, and
fweet meats, brought out of England, as his facke and
claret alfo was; his beere was alfo brewed, and his bread
made by his own fervants in his houfe, after the english
manner; and the queen and her company feemed highly
pleaſed with this treatment: fome of her company faid, fhe
did eate and drinke more att it then ſhe uſed to doe in three
or four dayes att her own table.
The intertainment was as full and noble as the place
would afford, and as Whitelocke could make it, and fo well
ordered and contrived, that the queen faid, fhe had never
feen any like it: fhe was pleafed fo farre to play the good
huſwife, as to inquire, how the butter could be fo freſh
and ſweet and yett brought out of England? Whitelocke,
from his cookes, fatisfyed her majefty's inquiry; that they
putt the falt butter into milke, where it lay all night, and
the next day it would cate freth and fweet as this did, and
any butter new made; and commended her majeſty's good
hufwifry; who, to expreffe her contentment in this colla-
tion, was full of pleafantnes and gaity of ſpirit, both in
fupper-time and afterwards: among other frollickes, fhe
commaunded Whitelocke to teach her ladyes the english fa-
lutation,
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
127
lutation; which, after fome pretty defences, their lips obey- 1654.
ed, and Whitelocke moft readily.
She highly commended Whitelocke's muficke of the
trumpets, which founded all fupper time, and her diſcourſe
was all of mirth and drollery, wherin Whitelocke indea-
voured to anſwear her; and the reft of the company did
their parts.
It was late before the returned to the caftle, whither
Whitelocke waited on her; and fhe difcourfed a little with
him about his buifnes, and the time of his audience, and
gave
him many thankes for his noble treatment of her and
her company.
May 1.
Whitelocke fent to the mafter of the ceremonies to know 2.
if he had defired a time for his laft audience, who promiſed
to doe it.
Canterſtein brought to Whitelocke the queen's letters of
full power to her commiffioners, under her hand, and the
great feale of Sweden, which were of this tenor *
Having received this commiffion, Whitelocke delivered
to Canterítein his commiffion under the great feale of Eng-
land, and the copy of his new inftructions from the pro
tector, except what was fecret in them.
Canterſtien, the maſter of the ceremonies, and Monf.
Bloome, were frollick att dinner with Whitelocke, and
made many careffes to him, and extolled the chancellor's
care and high respect to Whitelocke, in bringing his treaty
to fo good an iflue; and after dinner Bloome told White-
locke, that the chancellor had adviſed the queen to make a
noble
* See ap-
pendixR.
128
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. noble prefent to Whitelocke, which was not yett ready, and
that had retarded his laft audience.
May 2.
3.
The maſter of the ceremonies, from the queen, defired
Whitelocke to have a little patience for a few dayes; that
the expected the arrivall of the prince within fix or feven
dayes in this towne, by which meanes Whitelocke would
have a fayre opportunity to falute him heer, without fur-
ther trouble; and that the queen would give him audience
within two dayes before the arrival of the prince, and fo
he ſhould receive no diſturbance in his voyage. Whitelocke
faw no other remedy for this butt patience.
Whitelocke viſited Grave Eric; they fell into diſcourſe,
among other things, touching Guinee, to this effect:
Wh. It is requifite that we come to fome conclufion about
the buifnes of Guinee.
Eric. I thinke it fitt; and, for your further information,
heer is the anſwear in writing of the Swedes, who are con-
cerned therin, unto the complaints of the english company
in that buiẩnes.
Wh. Will you leave the writing with me?
Eric. I fhall fend you a copy of it.
Wh. The complaints of the english have bin proved by
depofitions of wittneffes.
be pro-
Eric. Thoſe depofitions were taken in the abfence of the
other party; and, if you pleafe, wittnelles may
duced heer on the part of the Swedes.
3
Wb.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
129
Wh. Wittneffes produced heer will be alſo in the abſence 1654.
of the other party, though I had leifure and conimiffion to
examine them on oath.
Eric. You may fee, in this map of Guinee, how the
plantations of the Swedes, Engliſh, and Hollanders doe lye,
and are mingled, and neer to one another.
Wh. The king of that place made a graunt to the
Engliſh, for them only to dwell and traffique in that coun-
trey; and the Swedes afterwards drove the Engliſh, by force,
out of their fortifications.
Eric. The Engliſh had no fortifications there; all the
fort they had was a little lodge, with two roomes only in it,
out of which the Swedes did not force them: and both the
Hollanders and Swedes were planted in this place, before
any graunt made to the English; and the Swedes had a
graunt from the fame king, wherof this is a copy.
Wh. It will be materiall to compare the dates of theſe
two graunts: if that to the Engliſh was firft, then the other
to the Swedes was of no validity; and the like of the con-
trary. If will favour me with a copy of the graunt
made to the Swedes, I will compare it with that made to the
Engliſh, and returne it to you.
you
Eric. You fhall commaund it.
Monf. Woolfeldt, being viſited by Whitelocke, told him,
that the queen was extreamly pleafed with his treatment of
her: Whitelocke excufed the meanefs of it for her majefty;
Woolfeldt replyed, that both the queen and all the com-
pany eſteemed it as the hanſomeſt and nobleſt that they
VOL. II.
R
ever
May 3-
130
JOURNAL OF THE
=
May 3.
1654. ever faw; and the queen, after that, would drinke no
other wine butt Whitelocke's, and kindly accepted the neats
tounges, potted veniſon, and other cakes, which, uppon
her commendation of them, Whitelocke fent unto her ma-
jefty.
4.
Woolfeldt fhowed a paper of confequence, written by
himſelfe in ſpaniſh; and he read it in french to Whitelocke,
being perfect in thoſe and other languages: he ſaid, that
whatſoever he wrote, he did it in a forein language, to
continue the exerciſe of them; the paper flowed how the
Engliſh might be freed from paying tolles att the Sundt.
Whitelocke intreated a copy of this paper in french, which
Woolfeldt promiſed,
A great quantity of fnow fell, and covered the houſes.
and fields, and was hard frozen; a matter att this time
ftrange to the engliſh, butt ordinary heer.
Mr. Boteler, a Scottfman, confidently reported great
newes to the difparagement of the affayres of England, that
the Highlanders of Scotland had given a great defeate to
the Engliſh, and killed 500 of them; which newes was foon
confuted by Whitelocke..
The fenator Vanderlin, and his brother the mafter of the
ceremonies, doctor Loccennius, a civilian, keeper of the
library in this univerfity, another gentleman, profeffor of
eloquence heer, Mr. Ravius, profeffor of the eaſterne
tounges, and a french gentleman, captain of one of the
companies of guards, doing Whitelocke the honor to dine
with him, had very learned difcourfe, perticularly of lan-
guages, and of the affinity between the fwediſh, engliſh,
danifh, and high dutch tounges; wherof they gave many
inftances,
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
131
inſtances, and Whitelocke was able to adde to them: the 1654.
profeffors difcourfed only in latin, as moft proper for them, May 4.
the others in french; and they hold it a diſcourteſy, if a
man be not anſweared in the fame language which he
fpeakes. They alfo extolled the prince and the protector;
and the fenator faid, that there was not any perfon who
came fo neer to the eminency and grandeur of the protector,
as the prince of Sweden did.
The company being gone, Whitelocke went to the ac-
cuſtomed place, the great wood, to take the aier; and as
he was walking in the broade way there, he perceived the
coach of the dutch refident comming towards him; and
perceiving the engliſh ambaſſador to be walking there, the
refident alighted out of his coach, and came on foot to-
wards Whitelocke: whither he came after Whitelocke in a
hanfome defigne or contrivance for their firft falutation, or
that it was by accident, Whitelocke did not examine, butt
thought fitt to anfwear the civility of the refident, by walk-
ing back towards him to meet him.
They faluted each other, and their company, with great
refpect. The refident began the complement to Whitelocke
in french, telling him, that he was very glad of the oppor-
tunity to have the happines to falute Whitelocke, which he
would not neglect to doe, perceiving him in this place;
and that he would take the firft occafion to doe himfelfe the
honor to vifit Whitelocke att his houſe.
Whitelocke anfweared, that the refident fhould be very
wellcome when he pleaſed to doe that honor to Whitelocke,
as to beſtow a vifit on him; and that he was alfo very glad
of the opportunity which had now prefented itſelfe, wher-
R 2
by
132
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. by he had the contentment of being acquainted with the
➡refident.
May 4.
They fell into generall diſcourſes, and, among the reſt,
of the conclufion and ratification of the treaty between the
two common-wealths, and of the advantage which therby
would arife to both of them, and to the proteftant party.
As they were walking togither the queen paſſed by them,
being in that wood alſo to take the aier: when the came
neer, ſhe faluted them with great reſpect, and ſpake to
them alowde, Je fuis ravie de vous voir enfemble, Je voi
que la paix eft faite; I am raviſhed to fee you two togither,
I ſee the peace is made. And fo the queen went on her
way, and Whitelocke tooke leave of the reſident.
A
Att his returne to his houfe, Whitelocke found his
pac-
quet from England ready to intertaine him, and Thurloe's
letter was this:
66
"MY LORD,
"Your letter of the 10th of March arrived heer this
morning, wherby you are pleaſed to give a very perti-
"cular and exact account of all proceedings in this treaty
you are uppon; I prefently communicated the contents
"therof to his highnes and the councell, with whom he
66
66
was willing to adviſe, and theruppon he was pleafed to
"fend you the inftructions which your excellence will re-
"ceive heerwith, which are fully agreeable to your own
"defire in that behalfe: the former inftructions had come
"fooner, if the iffue of the dutch treaty had bin fooner
"knowne; now, through the bleffing of God, it is fully
"concluded, and your excellence will receive heerwith the
articles,
4
66
'
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
133
:
66
May 4.
"articles, as they are figned by the commiffioners of his 1654.
highnes, and the lords ambaffadors of the united pro-
"vinces. They figned them uppon Wedneſday att night,
"and the next morning the ambaffadors fent them away
"to be ratifyed by their fuperiors, which they will doe
"without difficulty or fcruple, as we believe.
<<
"Your excellence will fee, by thoſe articles made with
"the Dutch, that the fecond and fifth article is omitted
out of your inſtructions; that theſe two treatyes will very
"well ſtand togither, and for the notice to be given to the
"Dutch, it is cleer to me, that it will not be neceffary, in
reſpect that this treaty was not only begun, butt as good
66 as finiſhed before the conclufion with the Dutch.
<<
"And, for the fourth article, and the provifo your ex-
"cellence is pleaſed to fend, that being fo cleerly within
"the fubftance of your former inftructions, I thought it
"needles to adde any inftruction about it now.
66
66
46
"His highnes, in the beginning of this week, was pleaf-
"ed to fend for the great feale, and kept it in his own
cuſtody two dayes, and now hath diſpoſed it unto your
"excellence, Sir Thomas Widdrington, and your confra-
"ter my lord L'Ifle. His highnes is very much refolved
uppon a good and folid reformation of the law, and pro-
ceedings in the courts of equity and lawes: the matter
"of law he hath committed unto Mr. Juftice Hale, and
"Mr. John Vaughan; the reformation of the chancery to
my lord Widdrington, Mr. Atturney Generall, and Mr.
"Chute; being refolved to give the learned of the robe
"the honor of reforming their own profeflion, and hopes
"that God will give them hearts to doe it; and, that no
time may be loft, the next terme is adjourned.
66
"The
I 34
JOURNAL OF THE
16.54.
"The french ambaffador defires very much to gett a
"difpatch of his buifnes: his highnes hath att length ap-
May 4. « pointed him commiffioners to treate, butt no progreffe
"hath bin yett made theruppon; the ſpeech, that he made
"att his firſt audience, your excellence will receive by
66 this.
<<
66
"The Portugall preffeth much now to come to an agree-
ment alſo, and to cloſe the treaty which hath hanged ſo
long; and fo doth the Spanyard.
"I pray for your excellency's fafe returne home, and
... reft
"Your excellency's humble fervant,
April 7th, 1654.
66
'Jo. THURLOE."
Whitelocke's new inftructions from the protector.
O. P.
Additionall inftructions to my lord Whitelocke, our ambaſ-
fador extraordinary to her majeſty the queen of Sweden.
66
Having confidered the perticular account you have
given by your letters weekly of your negotiation in Sweden,
and the delay which hath bin on the part of that court in
the treaty you are uppon; we might well have given you
pofitive orders for your ſpeedy returne.
"Butt obferving, that the letters and diſpatches between
this and Sweden are a moneth in their way, and not know-
ing how affayres may alter in that time with you; and the
pretence of their delay, to witt, the incertainty of the iffue
of
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
135
May 4.
of the treaty between us and the united provinces, being 1654.
removed, as you will fee by theſe letters, which will affure
you of the full conclufion therof; we have thought it more
convenient to leave you a latitude in that perticular, and to
give you liberty (as we doe heerby) to returne home att
fuch time, as you fhall find it for the fervice of the common-
wealth.
"2. Wheras, by your letter of the 10th of March 1654,
you have repreſented the perticular debates which you have
had uppon all the articles of the treaty, and the exceptions
taken by the queen uppon the fecond, fifth, and feventh
articles, you are heerby authoriſed to omit the fecond and
fifth articles out of the treaty, as alſo the words bona a
fuis cujufq; inimicis direpta out of the ſeventh article, if
the queen ſhall ſtill infift theruppon; and as for the com-
prehending the Dutch in this treaty with the queen of
Sweden, notice fhall be given from hence, if it ſhall be
found neceffary.
66
3. You have heerby power to agree with the queen of
Sweden, that ſhe and her fubjects may fifh freely for her-
rings in the feas of this common-wealth, paying the recog-
nition of the tenth herring, or for a leffer recognition, fo
as it be not leffe then the twentieth herring, or the value
therof in money.
Whitehall, 7th Aprill, 1654."
The order of the councell touching the great feale, fent
by Thurloe, was this.
The title of the order was thus:
Order
136
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Order of the councell approving of the commissioners of the
May 4.
great feale.
Tueſday, 4th of Aprill, 1654.
"Att the councell att Whitehall.
"Refolved, That the councell doth approve of the lord
ambaffador Whitelocke to be one of the lords commiffioners
of the great feale.
66
Reſolved, That the councell doth approve of Sir Tho-
mas Widdrington, knight, fergeant att law, to be one of
the lords commiffioners of the great feale.
"Refolved, That the councell doth approve of John
L'Ifle, efquire, to be one of the lords commiflioners of the
great feale.
"By the commaund of his highnes, Mr. Sergeant Wid-
drington and Mr. L'Ifle were called in, and being come to
the table, his highnes declared, that the lord ambaffador
Whitelocke, and themſelves, had bin nominated by his
highnes, and approved by the councell, to be commiffion-
ers for the great ſeale; and his highnes did deliver unto the
faid Mr. Sergeant Widdrington, and Mr. L'Ifle, the faid
great feale and then the oath, appointed by the ordi-
nance, was read by the clerke of the councell, and was
taken by each of them.
Ex'. Wm. Jeffop, clerk of the councell."
The Guinee company fent by this pacquet a letter to
Whitelocke of thankes for his care of their buifnes, and
that
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
137
that they could not buy the Swedes intereft in Guinee, 1654.
and referred the whole matter wholly to Whitelocke.
The examinations in the court of admiralty touching the
ſhip Charity, incloſed in Thurloe's letters, made it appear,
that the Swedes had not injury done them as they com-
playned, and that the goods belonged to Hollanders, and
not to the Swedes; butt only coloured by the Hollanders
under the name of Swediſh ſhip and goods, though they
were not fo.
Whitelocke made uſe of theſe examinations as he faw
cauſe, and found that Martin Thyfen had an intereſt in
thefe goods.
The incloſed ſpeech of the french ambaſſador to the pro-
tector was full of complement, giving him the title of
ferene Alteſſe, and as much as could be well offered by the
french, feeming to defire a league and amity with the pro-
tector.
The ambaſſador was received with great ſtate and folem-
nity, anſwearable to the honor of his mafter the king of
France, with whom the protector had a good mind to cloſe
att this time, the rather to fruftrate the hopes of the king
of Scotts of affiftance from thence, where he was now inter-
tained, careffed, and made believe he fhould have all aid
and furtherance for his reftitution, which the protector
fought to prevent, by the intereft of the cardinall Mazarin,
whofe creature this ambaffador was.
Lagerfeldt acquainted Whitelocke, that the queen intend-
ed to gratify him with a guift of as great value as had bin
beſtowed uppon any ambaffador before; and that the having
ſhe
S
VOL. II.
received
May 4.
5°
138
JOURNAL OF THE
May 5.
1654. received from Whitelocke many brave horſes and many na-
tive goods of England; and Whitelocke having undertaken,
att his returne to England, to provide for her majeſty ſe-
verall other commodities, fhe held it reaſonable to requite
him with fome commodities of this countrey, if Whitelocke
thought fitt to accept of them.
Whitelocke anfweared, that it did not become him to
præſcribe bounds to her majefty's favour, butt wholly to re-
ferre himſelf to the queen's judgement heerin. Lagerfeldt
replyed, that the queen intended to beſtow her guift uppon
him in copper, and gave order that it fhould be putt aboard
a fhip, to be configned by him to fome of his friends att
London, or as he pleaſed to diſpoſe it.
Whitelocke deſired of Lagerfeldt, that although the ar-
ticles were ſigned, that yett he in the inftrument might
præfixe to the title theſe words, fereniffimi ac celfiffimi
domini, which words Whitelocke did obferve to be in the
protector's title to the dutch articles, which was not known
to Whitelocke before the articles were figned heer. Lager-
feldt promiſed to acquaint the chancellor heerwith, and to
bring his anfwear.
Whitelocke waited uppon the queen, and acquainted her
with his newes from England, and of the confummation of
the treaty of peace between England and the Dutch, wherof
fhe faid fle was very glad, and thanked Whitelocke for his
newes.
He then intreated her majefty to appoint a day for his.
audience to take his leave of her majefty, which ſhe told
him fhould be fhortly done; then the defired his company
with her in her coach to take the aier: he waited on her,
and
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
139
and beſides, there was in the coach, Grave Tot, Grave Van 1654.
done, and the counteffe Chriftina Oxenftierne.
The queen was not very pleaſant, butt intertained fome
little difcourfes, not much of buifnes; and, after a fhort
tour, returning to the caftle, retired into her chamber, and
Whitelocke to his lodging.
May 5.
Lagerfeldt returned anfwear to Whitelocke of his motion 6.
to infert the words fereniffimi ac celfiffimi domini into the
protector's title, that he had acquainted the chancellor with
it, who alſo had communicated it to her majefty, and fhe will-
ingly aflented therunto; and it was inferted accordingly.
He brought with him Monfieur Carloe, governor of the
fwedish company for Guinee, with whom Whitelocke had
much diſcourſe uppon the fame points as he had before with
Grave Eric; and Carlo denyed all that the engliſh marchants
had affirmed, and he continued before and after dinner very
obftinate in it.
Secretary Canterſtein brought to Whitelocke the queen's
letters of the graunt of 200 fhip-pownd of copper, for a
prefent to him, which letters were thus *.
In the afternoone the mafter of the ceremonies came to
Whitelocke's houfe, and prefented to him, from the queen,
a hanfome jewell; which was a caſe of gold, fayrly ennam-
elled, and having in the middeft of it the picture of the
queen, done to the life, and very like her: it was fett round
about with twelve large diamonds, and feverall finalle dia-
monds between the great ones. He told Whitelocke, that,
by commaund of her majefty, he prefented her picture to
him; that he was forry it was not made up fo, as might
$ 2
have
* See ap
pendix S.
140
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. have bin worthy of his reception; butt fhe defired, if he
pleaſed, that he would doe her the honor to weare it for her
fake, and to accept the picture in memory of the friend that
fent it.
May 6.
Whitelocke anfweared, that the queen was pleaſed to be-
ſtow a great honor uppon him in this noble teſtimony of
her favour to him, of which he acknowledged himſelfe alto-
gither unworthy; but her majeſty's opinion was otherwiſe,
as appeared by fuch a prefent as this: he did with all thank-
fullness accept it, and fhould with great contentment give
himſelfe occafion, by the honor of wearing it, to remember
the more often her majefty and her favours to him, her fer-
vant; for which he deſired the maſter to preſent his humble
thankes unto her majeſty.
After he had bin with Whitelocke, the mafter went to
Whitelocke's two fons, and in the queen's name prefented
to each of them a chayne of gold of five linkes, and att the
end of the chaine a medall of gold of the queen's picture;
the chaynes and medalls were valued att 400 ducketts.
a-piece.
Then he preſented in the queen's name to collonell Potley,
to Dr. Whiſtler, to captain Beake, and Mr. Earle, to each
of them a chayne of gold of four linkes, and att the end
of each chayne, a medall of gold of the queen's picture;
theſe chaynes and medalls were valued att 200 ducketts
a-piece, or therabouts.
Then he prefented in the queen's name to Mr. Stapleton,
Mr. Ingelo, and Mr. de la Marche, to each of them a chayne
of gold of three linkes, with a medall of gold of the queen's
picture
4.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
141
picture att the end of each chayne; the chaynes and medalls 1654.
were valued att about 160 ducketts a-piece.
To Mr. Walker he prefented a chayne and medall of gold
of three linkes, fhorter then the reft, of about the value of
130 ducketts; to captain Crifpe, and to Mr. Swift, to each
of them a chayne of gold of two linkes, with a medall of
gold to each of them, of about the value 100 ducketts
piece.
Walker the fteward, and Stapleton, gentleman of the
horfe to Whitelocke, were diſcontented, bicauſe their chaynes
were not of four linkes a-piece; and they and others tooke
exceptions bicauſe their chaynes were not fo good and
valuable as thoſe given to Potley and Beake; fo feditious a
thing is gold: butt Whitelocke indeavoured to fatisfy them,
by the reaſons why the chaynes of Potley and Beake were
better then theirs; the one having bin an antient fervant of
this crowne, and the other being commaunder of the guards
of the protector; and nothing was due to them, butt only
the queen's free guift and bountey was in all of them, and,
therfore, not to be excepted againſt by any of them. Not-
withſtanding this admonition, they mett and difcourfed to-
gither in difcontent about this buifnes, and gave therby
occaſion of diſpleaſure to Whitelocke.
Whitelocke being in the mood to take the aier, the holland
refident came thither, where they walked and difcourfed
togither; and, in their returne, the refident and two of his
gentlemen, Vorftius, and another, went in Whitelocke's
coach, who brought the refident to his lodging, and there
had a civill treatment, and found by difcourfe, that the re-
fident was not well fatisfyed with his being in this court.
Whitelocke
May 6.
142
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 6.
7.
8.
Whitelocke did not hitherto make a viſit to any perſon
fince he had received his prefents from the queen, after
which, in ceremonie, he muſt firſt viſit her majeſty to give
her thankes, and then he is att liberty to vifit others.
The Lord's day. Monfieur Bloome, and Mr. de Geeres,
the rich marchant of Sweden, after dinner with Whitelocke,
difcourfed much about matters not fo proper for the day.
Walker and Stapleton attending Whitelocke, and walking
in the evening, he againe ſpake to them about their prefents
as formerly; butt found Stapleton ftiffe in his opinion, and
to intend to fend backe his preſent to the mafter of the ce-
remonies, as refufing it: butt Whitelocke required him not
to doe fo, left it fhould be taken as an affront to Whitelocke
and to the protector himſelfe, as well as a difdaining of the
queen's prefent, which was her majeſty's free guift without
any obligation.
The warrant, formerly inferted, was fent to the officers of
the treaſury, who theruppon made their order to the under
officers, for the delivery of the copper accordingly, which
order was brought to Whitelocke in the fwedish language.
Eftarfafom hd. kongs maijy waratternadigfte drotnings
nadigfte wittieoch befalningh ahr, &c,
Which was to require the delivery of the 200 fhip-pownd
of copper according to the queen's letters of graunt, &c.
The maſter of the ceremonies came to Whitelocke to in-
forme him, that the queen had appointed Wedneſday next,
the 10th of this moneth, for his laft audience to take his
leave: Whitelocke faid, hewas forry it could not be fooner; the
mafter
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
143
mafter excuſed it, by reafon of the great affayres of the 1654.
queen uppon the meeting of the rickſdagh.
May 3.
Grave Eric and Lagerfeldt came to Whitelocke, and de-
bated with him the buifnes of Guinee.
Eric. I fhall reade to you this paper, which is in latin and
in french; an anſwear to the complaints of the Engliſh, and
denyes all their allegations.
Wh. The allegations of the english are proved by oath;
heer are the depofitions.
of the Swedes are uppon oath
Eric. The anfwears of the Swedes
Likewife.
Wh. Butt the Engliſh are in the affirmative.
Eric. The Swedes have like complaints againſt the Engliſh,
which are to be proved by oath in the affirmative alfo ; and
in fuch caſe the parties, or their procurators, muſt appear be-
fore the ordinary and competent judges, which will require
a great deale of time: butt we being to treate with you as
an ambaſſador, we propofe, that there may be an abolition
of all paft injuries of the one fide and the other, and that
there may be an agreement, and friendſhip, and free trade
there for the future.
I
Wh. This will be very proper for the time to come; butt
it will be no fatisfaction for the injuries already done.
have no power from the protector, or company of engliſh
marchants, to make any ſuch agreement; butt for what con-
cerns the publique, I can make an accord with you, and
the
144
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. the fatisfaction of damages, for wrongs paft, may be remitted
to the determination of commiffioners.
May 8.
Eric. I fhall fhew you a project in writing, that all the
houſes and poffeffions of the one part and the other may
continue in the fame eftate for the time to come, as they are
in att prefent.
Wh. To agree this, were to give up the right of the
english marchants, and to acknowledge that they have no
caufe of complaint; wheras I demaund in juſtice a repara-
tion and ſatisfaction for thoſe injuries, wherof they complaine.
Eric. Then the buifnes muſt be decided before the judges,
witneſſes on both fides muſt be heard, and we muft infift
uppon it, that the houſes and poffeffions continue in the fame
eftate as they now are.
Wh. You must pardon me that I cannot affent heerunto.
Thus their debate broke off.
·
Monfieur Ravius came to Whitelocke in the name of the
biſhop of Stregnes, to acquaint him, that if he had any
engliſh horſes which he would beſtow uppon the prince, that
they would be very acceptable to him, and that Whitelocke
would very much gratify himfelfe therby. Whitelocke ſaid,
that his faddle hories were not worth the prefenting to his
royall highneſs, the beft of them being already given away;
butt he had a fett of coach horfes, which he intended to re-
ferve and to preſent unto the prince, if he pleaſed to accept
them. Ravius faid,
Ravius faid, they would be very acceptable to him.
The
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
143
May 9.
The king of Denmarke being included in the treaty be- 1654.
tween England and the Dutch, and fo become a friend,
Whitclocke was advifed to fend firft a complement to the
daniſlı ambaſſador now refiding in this court; which, when
Whitelocke doubted, left therby he might diminish the
honor of England by fending to the Dane, before the Dane
had firft fent to him, the mafter of the ceremonies and others
inftructed him, that it was the conftant cuftome, for the am-
baffador that comes laft, to fend firſt a complement to
him that had bin in the court before; wheruppon Whitelocke
did fend one of his gentlemen to the danifli ambaffador to
vifit and complement him.
Now the fecretary of the ambaffador of Denmarke came
to Whitelocke, in the name of his lord, to give him thankes
for the honor he had done him in fending one of his fervants
to falute him, and to congratulate the good newes of the
agreement between England and the Dutch, wherin the
king his maſter was compriſed. The fecretary faid, that
the confirmation therof was alfo come to his lord by the
way of Holland and of Denmarke, for which newes his lord-
ſhip was very joyfull, and would himfelfe have given a vifit
to Whitelocke, butt that his want of health detained him in
his lodging.
Whitelocke told the fecretary, that he was very forry for
his lord's indifpofition of health, and wiſhed his good recovery;
that he was heartily glad of the newes, which gave him oc-
cafion to fend to his lord to congratulate with him, and that
he would take an opportunity to vifit him in perfon, when
it might be without prejudice to his excellence's health.
Berkman came to Whitelocke to give him an account of a
meſſage, wherin he had imployed Berkman to the marefchall
VOL. II.
Wrangell,
T
146
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Wrangell, to defire him in Whitelocke's name, that the ſhip,
appointed to tranſport him, might fall downe from Stock-
May 9. holm to the Dollars, for Whitelocke to come on board her
there, which would fave him 100 miles by fea from Stock-
holm thither; there being a neerer way by a third
way by a third part from
Stockholm to the Dollars for boates to paffe. Berkman faid,
he found Wrangell very civill and ready to doe what White-
locke fhould defire of him for his accomodation, and that he
had ordered the fhip forthwith to fall down to the Dollers; for
which Whitelocke defired Monfieur Berkman to returne his
thankes to the marefchall.
The ricks admirall fent to Whitelocke, expreffing much
civility and readineſs to ferve him, and defired to know if
one ſhip would be fufficient for his tranſportation; that, if he
pleaſed, there ſhould be more provided for him.
Whitelocke returned thankes, and that he hoped he should
not have occafion to putt them to the trouble of more ſhips
for his tranſportation then that already ordered for him.
The mafter of the ceremonies came to Whitelocke, by the
queen's commaund, to know if he and his company pleaſed
to fee the meeting of the rickſdagh; that he had provided a
place for that purpoſe, where they might be unknowne and
unfeen, and yett fee all the ceremonie, and heare all the
harangues; that if Whitelocke would fee it, the mafter
would call him att eight a'clocke in the morning, and waite
uppon him to the place: butt that he faid, that the daniſh
ambaffador had fome thoughts of being there alfo; and if
he came firſt to the place, he would take the uppermoft
feate. Whitelocke then defired the mafter to call him early
enough, that he might be there firft, bicauſe he ſhould hardly
permit the danifh ambaffador to fitt above him.
The
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
147
4
The maſter ſaid he would be fure to call Whitelocke early 1654.
enough; butt he believed that the daniſh ambaſſador would
not be there, bicaufe of his ill health.
The mafter told Whitelocke, that Monfieur Bloome had
informed him, that fome of Whitelocke's gentlemen tooke
exceptions to the preſents fent them by the queen.
He pro-
tefted, uppon his foul and his honor, that he had no hand in
the difpofing of thefe prefents, butt that all was done by
the officers of the chamber of accounts, and that the queen
did not meddle with it; butt when he fhowed her a cata-
logue of the officers of Whitelocke's houſe, fhe marked
them how fhe would have the prefents bestowed: that, how
the matter might be altered afterwards, he was wholly ig-
norant, and that he had order under the hands of the
officers to make the diftribution as he had done; and he
hoped none of the gentlemen would be offended with him,
who had done nothing butt as he was ordered by thofe
over him.
Whitelocke told him, that, in fo great a family
as his was, it would be difficult to pleaſe every one; that
thefe prefents were the queen's favours, which the might
diftribute as he pleafed, and every one ought to be contented
therwith; that fome of his company had difcourfed heerof
more than belonged to them; butt that he would take order
in it himfelfe.
They had alfo this further difcourfe.
Wh. Doe you expect the arrivall of the prince heer on
Friday next?
Mr. The queen is not affured of his arrival that day,
butt fhe will goe out on horfeback, accompanyed with all her,
nobility, to meet him.
T 2
Ib.
May 9.
148
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Wh. Will it be expected that I goe out likewiſe to meet
w him?
Aprill29.
Mr. That cannot be, bicauſe it will be after your laſt au-
dience, and when you have taken your leave of the queen ;
fo that you cannot then appear in publique, nor in any
publique action, bicauſe it will be to prefent yourſelfe before
thofe, of whom you had taken your leave before.
Wh. Butt after my laft audience I may in private fee the
queen?
Mr. Yes, for that is butt a perticular vifit; and fo you
may vifit
any of
your friends after your laſt audience.
Wh. I intend likewiſe to falute the prince after my laſt
audience.
Mr. You may doe it, bicauſe it will be butt a perticular
vifit.
Wh. I hope his royall highnes will treate me with the fame
civility and refpect as he ufeth to any other ambaffador.
Mr. That he will infallibly doe. Monfieur Chanut, the
french ambaffador, when he was in this court, did alwayes
give the right hand to the prince, after the propofall had bin
made of declaring him prince heretier of the crowne, though
the rickfdagh had not then confirmed it: butt Chanut made
difficulty of it at the prince's lodging, bicauſe he was not
the fon of a king; yett afterwards he did it both there and
elſewhere.
Wh.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
149
May 9.
Wh. There is more reafon for me now to doe it, bicauſe 1654.
the propofall is to be made of inveſting him with the crown.
What was the manner of the prince's reception of Chanut,
where did he meet Chanut att his coming, and how farre did
he goe with him att his taking leave?
Mr. The prince received Chanut att the doore of the
chamber where he had his audience; and, when the ambaf-
fador went away, the prince brought him to the fame place,
and no farther; and, I believe he will give the fame reſpect
to your excellence, and as much to you as to any publique
minifter.
Wh. I can defire no more.
Lagerfeldt came to Whitelocke, and acquainted him, that 10.
there was a ſpeciall article to be agreed uppon touching the
buifnes of Guinee, which the queen and the chancellor were
willing might proceed for the difpatch of Whitelocke, and
that Grave Eric would have come to him about it, butt that
he was ill and had taken phyfick. He told Whitelocke,
that the queen faid, he might have his laft audience that
day if he pleaſed; butt if he would be prefent att the fo-
lemnity of the nuptialls, which were this evening to be ce-
lebrated att court between the baron Horne and the lady
Sparre, and if he defired to fee the aſſembling of the rickſdagh
to-morrow, then it would be requifite to deferre his audience
till Friday; bicaufe, when he had taken his leave of the
queen, it would not be proper for him afterwards to appear
in publique. Whitelocke faid, he had rather be difimiffed
then to be preſent att any folemnities; that her majefty had
taken him captive by her noble prefents, fo that it was not
fitt for him to come abroade in publique: he asked Lager-
feldt, if the prince would be heer on Friday next, if fo,
then
150
JOURNAL OF THE
+
1654. then it would not be convenient to have his audience putt
off to that day. Lagerfeldt faid, he doubted that the prince
would not be heer fo foone.
May 10.
An officer on horfebacke, accompanyed with feverall
other horſemen, with four kettle drummes and eight or ten
trumpets, beating and founding before them, made procla-
mation in ſeverall parts of the town, that all perfons, who
were fummoned to appeare att the rickſdagh, fhould give
their attendance, att the place appointed in the queen's
caſtle of Ubfale, to-morrow by eight a'clocke in the morning,
uppon payne of halfe a dollar mulct for every default.
The mafter of the ceremonies came to Whitelocke from
the queen, and acquainted him to the fame effect as Lager-
feldt had done, touching his laſt audience.
The mafter alfo, by the queen's commaund, invited
Whitelocke to the wedding att court this night; and if he
pleafed to fee the manner of the affembling of the rickfdagh,
that he had order to take the care of it; and that it would
be no hinderance to his going away, bicauſe the prince did
not come hither till Tueſday next.
Whitelocke faid, he was forry that the prince would come
no fooner to this place; butt fince it was the pleaſure of the
queen, that he fhould waite uppon her this evening, he
would obey her commaunds; and as
s; and as to the time of his
audience, he fubmitted to her pleaſure.
The ricks admirall fent agayne to Whitelocke, to know
if he would have any more fhips provided for his tranfpor-
tation. Whitelocke returned his thankes, and that he in-
2
tended
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
151
tended not to take any of his horſes with him, and therfore 1654.
fhould not need any more ſhips then were already ordered.
Studely, one of Whitelocke's fervants, returned to him
from Stockholme, with an account, that the ſhip appointed
for his tranſportation was not yett ready, which retarded
his voyage to his trouble.
Between ten and eleven a'clocke att night, the maſter of
the ceremonies came to Whitelocke's houfe, with one of
the queen's coaches, to bring him to the wedding att court.
He defired Whitelocke's two fons to goe into that coach,
who excuſed themſelves, that they had not bin in that coach
formerly the maſter ſaid, that when one went to an au-
dience, there were certain formalities to be obſerved, butt
going to a wedding was another thing; that now the queen
had fent her coach for Whitelocke as her gueſt, and it was
proper for his fons to goe with him. Whitelocke wifhed
them to obferve the direction of the mafter, who governed
in theſe things.
They went to the bridegroome's houſe, where were many
of his friends; his uncle, the ricks admirall, marefchall
Wrangell, and other fenators and noblemen. As foon as
Whitelocke alighted out of the coach, the bridegroome's
brother was there to receive him, and bid him welcome:
neer the doore the bridegroome mett him, and
gave him
thankes for the favour, in honoring his wedding with his
prefence.
Whitelocke faid, he was very ready to teftify his refpects
to the nobility of this countrey, and perticularly to himſelfe,
and tooke it for an honor to be invited into fuch company.
Whitelocke
May 10.
152
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 10.
Whitelocke was inftructed by the mafter of the ceremonies,
that, by the cuftome of this countrey, the bridegroome takes
place of the king, and the bride of the queen, during the
folemnities of the wedding: accordingly Whitelocke gave
the right hand to the bridegroom.
After a little difcourfe, they tooke their coaches, firſt the
gentlemen, then the lords, then the fenators, then the ricks
admirall, and fenator Bundt, who being next of kinne,
was to give the bride in marryage: after Bundt went White-
locke, and after him the bridegroome, who had precedence
in the queen's coach, which went laft, and Whitelocke next
before it, and the other coaches in their order; the bride-
groome's coach laſt of all, as the beſt place. The like order
they obferved in their going in the caſtle.
Att the head of the ftayres, the maſter of the ceremonies
mett them, and brought them to the prefence chamber, where
the queen was with the bride, and a great company
of
gallant ladyes the bridegroome kiffed her majeity's hand,
and then the bride's hand; the reft of the company did the
like.
Between the queen and Whitelocke paffed a little dif
courfe.
Wh. Madame, I give you humble thankes for your invi-
tation of me to thefe folemnities.
Qu. It is an honor to us, that fuch an ambaſſador will be
preſent att our ceremonies.
Wh.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
153
Wh. I likewife returne my moſt humble thankes to your 1654.
majefty for your many favours, and the noble prefents you
have bin pleaſed to beſtow on me, and on my company.
Qu. Sir, you mock me; I am troubled I could not doe
according to that reſpect which I beare you: this is only a
cuftome of our countrey to perfons of your condition, and
I hope you will take it in good part.
Wh. It is more fuitable to your majefty's bountey, then
to any thing I can call defert in me, who have a moft grate-
full ſenſe and acceptance of your majeſty's favours.
The bride and bridegroome were both clothed in white
tabby; his fuit laced with a very broade gold and filver lace:
the bride had on her head a coronet fett full of diamonds,
with a diamond collar about her necke and ſhoulders, a dia-
mond girdle of the fame faſhion, and a rich diamond jewell
att her breaſt; which were all of them of great value, and
by fome reported to be the queen's jewells, lent by her to
the bride for that time.
They went all to the great hall; firft the noblemen, then
the fenators, then the bridegroome between Bundt and
Whitelocke, then the bride between two Graves, then the
queen and her guards.
Then the queen preſently tooke her chayre of ftate; att
her right hand, att a little diftance, fate the bride againſt
her; att the queen's left hand fate the bridegroome, next
to him Whitelocke, and then Bundt.
VOL. II.
U
After
May 10.
154
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 10.
After they were all fate, Bundt rofe up and went towards.
the queen, and ſpake in ſwediſh with a lowde voice, to this
effect, as it was interpreted to Whitelocke..
That baron Horne, a gentleman there prefent, of an an-
tient and noble family, defired to have in marryage a lady,.
who was fervant to her majefty, of the antient and noble
family of the Sparres; then he ſpake much of the pedigrees,
and in the prayfe of both the families: after that, he ad-
dreſſed himſelfe to the bride and bridegroome, giveing them
good councell, as to the condition which they were entering.
into, and their demeanor to one another.. Then fome friends.
ledde the bridegroome to a place in the midſt of the hall.
purpoſely rayled in, and then they fetched the bride thither
alfo, and placed her by the bridegroome; then a grave
churchman, one of the queen's chapleins, turning himfelfe
to the queen, pronounced the words of marryage after a
forme in a booke, which he reade; and being interpreted:
to Whitelocke, he found it the fame in effect with the words:
of marryage in the engliſh liturgy. The ceremonie of joyn-
ing them in marryage being ended, two graves, with torches,.
came to the bridegroome and bride, and ledde them a
rownd; two other lords with torches followed after them;
many ladyes, two by two: the bride being brought to her
feate by the bridegroome, he then tooke the queen by the
hand, and they walked between the torches; then the bride
came and tooke Whitelocke by the hand, and they walked
after the queen. Whitelocke brought the bride agayne to her
place, and being inftructed, that he was to take the queen and
march the rownd with her alfo, Whitelocke did it; and all this.
was a folemne walking to the found of drummes and trumpets..
A
After which, every one returned to their places, and then
they fett to dauncing of the brawlcs; and the queen came
3
to:
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
155
to Whitelocke to take him out to daunce with her, who ex- 1654.
cuſed himſelfe.
Wh. Madame, I am fearfull that I fhall difhonor your ma-
jeſty as well as fhame myſelfe, by dauncing with you.
Qu. I will trye whither you can daunce.
Wh. I affure your majefty I cannot in any meaſure be
worthy to have you by the hand.
Qu. I efteeme you worthy, and therfore make choice of
you to daunce with me.
Wh. I fhall not fo much undervalue your majefty's judge-
ment, as not to obey you heerin, and wifh I could remem-
ber as much of this as when I was a young man.
After they had done dauncing, and Whitelocke had waited
uppon the queen to her chayre of ftate, fhe faid to him;
Qu. Par Dieu! thefe Hollanders are lying fellows.
Wh. I wonder how the Hollanders fhould come into your
mind uppon fuch an occaſion as this is, who are not ufually
thought uppon in fuch folemnities, nor much acquainted
with them.
Qu. I will tell you all. The Hollanders reported to me a
great while fince, that all the nobleſſe of England were of
the king's party, and none butt mechanicks of the parle-
ment party, and not a gentleman among them; now I
thought to trye you, and to fhame you if you could not
U 2
daunce :
~
May 10.
156
JOURNAL OF THE
May 10.
1654. daunce: butt I fee, that you are a gentleman, and have bin bred
a gentleman; and that makes me fay the Hollanders are lying
fellows, to report that there was not a gentleman of the
parlement's party, when I fee by you chiefly, and by many of
your company, that you are gentlemen.
Wh. Truely, madame, in this they told a great untrueth
to your majefty, as I believe they have done in feverall other
perticulars: I doe confeffe that the greateſt part of our no-
bility and gentry were of the king's party, butt many of
them likewife were of the parlement's party; and I, who
am ſent to waite uppon your majeſty, can (without vanity)
derive to myſelfe an antient pedigree of a gentleman. They
would not have given the honor to any butt a gentleman to
kiſſe your majeſty's hand, and you are pleaſed to doe your
fervant right, and his company, by acknowledging that our
fuperiors have commaunded gentlemen to waite on you.
Qu. I affure you that I eſteeme it the greater honor done
to me, and, you are the more wellcome to me, bicauſe you
are a gentleman; and had I not known and found you to
be fo, your buifnes would not have bin fo well diſpatched
as it is I fee you have all the qualities of a gentleman, and
I believe that you were excellent in your muficke and
dauncing in your younger dayes.
Wh. I was bredd up in the qualities of a gentleman, and
in my youth was accounted not inferior to others in the
practice of them; butt it is fo long fince I uſed this of daun-
cing, eſpecially after we learned to march, that had it not
bin to obey your majefty, I ſhould hardly have bin drawne
to diſcover my deficiencies.
Qu
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
157
Qu. You have diſcovered nothing butt what tends to your 1654.
honor, and to my contentment; and I take it as a favour,
May 10.
that you were willing to lay aſide your gravity, and play
the courtier uppon my requeft; which I fee you can doe fo
well when you pleaſe..
י
After the queen had daunced, many of the gentlemen
and ladyes fell to dauncing of french daunces and countrey
daunces above two howers togither, till many of the com-
pany, and among the reft Whitelocke, grew very weary,
and thought they ſtayed long, which occafioned Whitelocke
to fall into a piece of drollery. He told the fenator Bundt,
that he perceived that the queen was a great tyrant. Bundt
att firſt ſtartled with this expreffion, and feeming much to
wonder att it, aſked Whitelocke the reaſon why he ſhould
fpeake fo of her majeſty.. Whitelocke faid, he would tell
the reaſon to the queen, if ſhe aſked him. Bundt faid,
fhall I tell the queen of it? Whitelocke faid, yes; and
Bundt did tell the queen, who in fome quicknes and ſeeming
diſtaft fpake to Whitelocke..
Qu. Sir, did you ſpeake any fuch words of me, as to fay
I am a tyrant?
Wh. Madame, I did fay fo to one of your fenators; and,
I doe believe fo.
Qu. What caufe have I given to you to fpeake fo hardly
and ftrangely of me?
Wh. Bicauſe I fee your majefty even now exercifing an.
act of tyranny.
Qu. I pray, Sir, what act is that?
Wh.
158
JOURNAL OF THE
:
1654.
May 10.
Wh. Madame, it is this; heer is a couple of handfome,
gallant, young perfons newly marryed, and it cannot butt
be imagined, that they have their longings as well as others,
who are made of flesh and blood, to partake of thoſe in-
joyments and pleafures which they expect; and yett, ma-
dame, from thefe you have reftrained the bride and bride-
groome till now, that it is two a'clocke in the morning; and
this is all the cruelty and tyranny wherwith I can accuſe
your majefty.
Qu. I am glad you have nothing elſe butt this wherof to
accufe me, and of this you fhall fee a prefent reformation;
and, laughing heartily, fhe went from Whitelocke, and com-
maunded inftantly to leave off the dauncing: the company,
and eſpecially the bridegroome, giving thankes to White-
locke for this feaſonable piece of drollery, as they were
pleaſed to terme it.
After the dauncing ended, there was brought into the
ball a fumpteous banquet; the hoff marfhall, with his
filver ſtaffe uſhering it, and after that diſtributed: the queen
and all the company went back in the fame order to the
prefence chamber, and there the queen bid the bride and
bridegroome good night; and fo all went to their lodgings ;
divers of the nobles waiting on the bride to her chamber.
The queen told Whitelocke, that he believed the prince
would be heer on Tueſday next, and that Whitelocke fhould
have his audience on Friday next.
Whitelocke tooke his coach, after it had waited nine howers
att the caftle.
Early
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
159
May 11.
Early in the morning, the maſter of the ceremonies came 1654.
to accompany Whitelocke to the caſtle, to ſee the manner of
the affembly of the rickſdagh, and brought him and his
company to the caſtle to an upper roome or gallery; where
he fate privately, not taken notice of by any, yett had the
full view of the great hall where the rickſdagh mett, and
heard what was faid..
The danish ambaffador did forbeare to come thither (as
was fuppofed) bicauſe of Whitelocke being there: the
french refident fate by Whitelocke, and converfed with
him,
The great hall, two ftories high, was prepared for the
aſſembly; an outer chamber was hung with cloth of Arras ;
in the antichamber to that were guards of the queen's,
partizans; in the court was a company of mufquetiers..
The great hall was hung with thofe hangings which were
before in Whitelocke's lodgings, with fome others added,,
and was very hanfome: on each fide of the hall, from the
walles towards the middle of the roome, formes were placed
covered with red cloth, for feates for the members and were
all alike without diftinction, and reached upwards; three
parts of the length of the hall, in the midit between the
feats, was a ſpace or lane, broad enough for three to walke
abreaft togither..
Att the upper end of the hall, on a foot pace, three ſteps
high, covered with foot carpets, ſtood the chayre of ſtate,
all of maffy filver; a rich cuſhion in it; and a canopy of
crimson. velvet_richly imbroydered, over it.
On
160
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 11.
-
1
On the left fide of the chayre of ftate were placed five
ordinary chayres of crimſon velvet, without armes, for the
five ricks officers; and on the fame fide, below them, and
on the other fide, from the foot pace down to the formes, in
a femicircular forme, were ftooles of crimſon velvet, for the
ricks fenators.
About nine a'clocke, there entered att the lower end of
the great hall, a plaine lufty man, in his boores habit, with
a ftaffe in his hand, followed by about eighty boores, mem-
bers of this councell, who had choſen the firſt man for their
marſhall, or ſpeaker; theſe marched up in the open place
between the formes to the midſt of them, and then the
marſhall and his company fate down on the formes on the
right of the ſtate, from the midſt downwards to the lower
end of the hall, and putt on their hatts.
A little while after them, entered att the fame doore, a
man in a civil habit of a cittizen, with a ſtaffe in his hand,
followed by about 120 cittizens, deputies of the citties and
boroughs, who had chofen him to be their marſhall: they
all tooke their places uppon the formes over againſt the
boores, in the lower end of the hall, and were covered.
Not long after, att the fame doore, entered a proper
gentleman richly habited, a ſtaffe in his hand, who was
marſhall of the nobility, followed by near 200 lords and
gentlemen, members of the rickfdagh, chiefe of their re-
ſpective families; many of them rich in clothes, of civill de-
portment: they tooke their ſeats uppermoft on the right of
the ftate, and, whileft they walked up to their formes, the
cittizens and boores ftood up uncovered; and when the
nobility fate and putt on their hatts, the cittizens and boores
did fo likewife.
6
A little
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
161
May 11.
A little after, att the fame doore, entered the archbishop 1654.
of Ubfale, with a ſtaffe in his hand; who by his place is
marſhall of the clergy: he was followed by five or fix other
biſhops, and all the fuperintendants, and about fixty mini-
ſters, deputies, or proctors of the clergy. While they walked
up to their places, all the reft of the members ftood up un-
covered; and when they fate downe on the uppermoft formes
on the left fide of the ſtate, and putt on their hatts and
cappes, the reſt of the members did the like: theſe were
grave men, in their long caffocks and cannonicall habit, and
moft with long beards.
All the members being thus fate, about a quarter of an
hower after, entered the captain, followed by divers of the
queen's guarde, with partizans; after them came many gen-
tlemen of the queens's fervants, uncovered, with fwords by
their fides, and well clad, two and two togither; after them
came the ricks fenators in their order, the puifné firft; after
them the ricks officers, all bare; after them came the queen,
and kept off her hatt in the hall; fome of the officers of the
court and pages after her.
In this order they went up in the open place in the
midſt of the formes, all the members ftanding up uncovered:
the queen's company made a lane for her to paffe through,
and ſhe went up to her chayre, and fate downe in it; and
all the company, except the members of the councell, went
out of the hall, and all the doores were fhutt; the members
fate in their places uncovered.
After the queen had fate a little, fhe rofe and beckoned
to the chancellor to come to her, who came
to her, who came with great
ceremony and reſpect; and after a little ſpeaking togither, he
returned to his place, and the queen fate downe againe a
VOL. II.
X
little
162
JOURNAL OF THE
May 11.
1654. little time; then rifing up, with mettle, fhe came forward
to the utmoſt part of the foot-pace, and with a good grace
and confidence, fpake to the affembly (as it was interpreted
to Whitelocke) to this effect.
"The occafion (my friends), wherfore you are called to-
gither to this diette, will in fome fort appeare ſtrange to you ;
for being fo unufuall, and, as it were, unheard of, it can-
not be underſtood without great aftonishment. Butt, gentle-
men, when you ſhall a little reflect uppon what hath paſt
fome years fince, you will then perceive, that it is no new
thing, butt long fince premeditated, and by me wiſhed and
intended.
"It is fufficiently known to you what hath formerly paſt, as
to the fucceffion of my moft deare coufen to this kingdome;
and I eſteem myfelfe very happy, that all things att prefent
are in fuch a poſture, that theruppon I may bring my pur-
poſe to effect; which is, to offer and to give, into the hands
not leare coufen, our moſt deare countrey, and the
royall feate, with the crowne, the fcepter, and the go-
vernement.
"I need not repeate this ſubject to you: it fufficeth that
all may be done for the good of the countrey, and the pro-
fperity and fecurity of my moft deare coufen, to whom
you have formerly given this right, and have found him
capable to governe you and this kingdom, which he deferves
by his great ſpirits and rare qualities, joyned with his heroick
actions, witneffed by divers incounters.
"And fince there is nothing wanting, butt time, to putt
in execution the fucceffion of my moft deare coufen to the
governement of this kingdome, which depends only uppon
6
myfelfe ;
1
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
163
May 11.
myſelfe; and of my purpoſe nothing remaines butt to make 1654.
you parties, which is the only occafion of my calling you
togither, and which I fhall more att large declare unto you
by my propofall; I doubt not butt you will confent therunto,
wherby you will teſtify att this time, as you have done att
all times before, your faithfulneſs and obedience to me.
"Alfo, I give you thankes, that, with fo much duety, you
are come to this diette, and that, with fo much affection
and loyalty, you have demeaned yourſelves towards me,
and our moſt deare countrey, during my governement, fo
that I have received much content by your deportment;
and if in theſe ten years of my adminiſtration I have merited
any thing from you, it fhall be this only which I defire of
you, that you will confent to my refolution, fince you may
affure yourſelves, that none can diffwade me from my
purpoſe.
"You may be pleaſed alfo to take in good part, what hath
paft during the time of my governement, and to be affured,
that heerin alſo, as well as in all other things, my intention
hath bin alwayes to ferve our moſt deare countrey: there
remaines nothing butt my wifhes, that all may worke to the
glory of God, to the advancement of the chriftian church,
and to the good and proſperity of our moſt deare countrey,
and of all her inhabitants.”
After the queen had ſpoken, flie fate downe againe; and,
after a little pauſe, the archbiſhop of Ubfale went out of his
place into the open paffage, and, making his obeyfance to
the queen, he, as marthall of the clergy, and in their
name, made an oration to her majefty, which was fomwhat
long butt the effect therof was interpreted to White-
locke to be an acknowledgement of the happy reign of her
majefty;
:
X 2
164
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. majefty; wherby her fubjects had injoyed all good, peace,
and juftice, and liberty, and whatfoever were the products
May 11. of a bleffed governement.
He then recited the great affections of this people to the
king her father, and to her majefty, his only child ; their
duety and obedience to her in all her commaunds; that no
prince could be more happy then her majeſty was, in the
affections and duety of her fubjects, nor could any people
be more contented in the rule of their foveraigne then her
people were he therfore uſed all arguments and humble in-
treaties to her majefty to defift from her intention of refign-
ing the governement, and to continue to fway the ſcepter
of this kingdome, wherin he did not doubt butt that the
bleffing of God would be with her, as it had bin, and that
it would be to his honor and to the good of this kingdome,
if her majeſty would hearken to the humble defires of the
clergy in this perticular.
Then he acknowledged the virtues and admirable abilities
of the prince, whofe fucceffion would come in due time;
that her majeſty reigning att preſent with ſo much fatisfac-
tion, both to this church and ftate, he humbly defired, in
the name of the clergy, that he would be pleaſed, though
to her own trouble, yett for her fubjects good, to continue
ftill to be queen over them.
After he had ended his fpeech, making three congees, he
went up to the queen, and kift her hand, and with three
more congees returned to his place.
Then the marſhall of the nobility, going forth into the
open place between the formes, made his oration in the
name of the nobility, much to the fame purpoſe as the
archbiſhop
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
165
•
archbishop had done; and, after his oration ended, with like 1654.
ceremony kiſt her majefty's hand, and returned to his place.
Then the like was done by the marshall of the burgeffes;
and all were to the fame effect.
In the laſt place ftepped forth the marſhall of the boores,
a plaine countrey fellow, in his clowted fhoone, and all
other habits anfwearable, as all the reſt of his company
were accoutered: this boore, without any congees or ce-
emny att all, fpake to her majefty (and was interpreted
to Whitelocke to be) after this phraſe.
“O Lord God, madame, what doe you meane to doe?
It troubles us to heare you fpeake of forfaking thoſe that
love you fo well as we doe: can you be better then you
are? you are queen of all theſe countryes, and if you leave
this large kingdome, where will you gett fuch another? If
you ſhould doe it (as I hope you wont for all this), both you
and we ſhall have caufe, when it is too late, to be forry for
it. Therfore, my fellows and I pray you to thinke better
on't, and to keep your crown on your head; then you will:
keepe your own honor and our peace: butt if you lay it
downe, in my confcience, you will indaunger all.
"Continue in your geeres, good madame, and be the
fore-horſe as long as you live, and we will help you the
beſt we can to beare your burden.
"Your father was an honeft gentleman, and a good king,
and very ſtirring in the world; we obeyed him and loved
him as long as he lived, and you are his own childe, and
have governd us very well, and we love you with all our
hearts;
May 11,
766
JOURNAL OF THE
May 11.
1654. hearts; and the prince is an honeft gentleman, and, when
his time comes, we fhall be ready to doe our duties to him,
as we doe to you: butt, as long as you live, we are not
willing to part with you, and therfore, I pray, madame,
doe not part with us.
t
25
When the boore had ended his fpeech, he wadled up to
the queen, without any ceremoney, tooke her by the hand,
and ſhaked it heartily, and kiſt it two or three times ; then
turning his backe to her, he pulled out of his pocket a fowle
handkercher, and wiped the tears from his eyes, and in the
fame poſture as he came up he returned back to his own
place againe.
When the orations were all ended, one of the queen's
fecretaries, by her commaund, read unto the affembly a
paper, which Whitelocke procured to be given to him in a
copy, and tranflated into Engliſh.
The propofition of her majefty of Sweden to the eſtates
affembled att Ubfale, the 11th of May, in the year
1654.
"Since, for certain reafons, her majefty found it good
and neceffary to affemble the eſtates of the kingdome att
this time, and that they have given teſtimony of their obe-
dience in their comming togither; her majeſty hath great
cauſe to rejoyce, that the good God hath preferved our
countrey from all apparent harmes, and principally from the
contagious ficknes of the plague, which fpread itſelfe in
divers places the laſt Autumne, butt att preſent is ceaſed,
ſo that we may meet togither in all fafety. Her majeſty re-
joyceth in the good health of her faithful ſubjects; and this
obligeth us, not only to returne humble thankes to our good
God,
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
167
God, butt the more to fupplicate him, for the future, to 1654.
avert his fatherly chaftifements from us.
"Alſo her majefty underſtands, with great joy, that the
ſcarfity, and dearth in the late years, is now changed into
fruitfullnes and abundance, fo that, the laſt year, there was
not only very great abundance of all things which the earth
produceth, butt further (thankes be to God) we have cauſe,
according to appearances, to hope this yeare will be no leffe
fruitfull; the which great bleffing of God to this countrey
cleerly fhowes us the great obligations, which we have to
him.
"Alſo her majefty calles to mind that, which the gra-
tiouſly mentions to her faithfull fubjects, how the countrey,
within the limits therof, is att prefent in a good and peace-
able condition, and ſo hath bin kept by divine Providence,
and the faithfull care of her majefty, in times of daunger;
and when warre, and the imminent perills accompanying
the fame, rownd about us had the fway, yett we alwayes-
continued in quiet, without taking part in others quarrells;
and, for this end, hath alwayes indeavored to intertaine a
fincere friendſhip and good correfpondence with her neigh-
bors and allies.
"And as to the neighborhood of Denmarke, her maje--
fty hath nothing to feare, fince the hath given no occafion
in any thing butt of fincere friendſhip and firme peace.
"In like manner, with all poffible care, by her com-
miffioners, hath compofed the differences touching the limits »
between her and the Great Duke of Mufcovy; and although
the faid duke hath fignifyed to her majefty, by divers en-
voyes, that he would justify the expedition of warre, newly
made-
May 11.
168
JOURNAL OF THE
1.654.
May 11.
made by him, againſt the Polanders, with all the reafons
therof; yett fince that is a buifnes which can no way in-
volve her majeſty, and the crown of Sweden, there is no
cauſe to feare it ; provided that their actions be watched,
and that, by little and little, preparation be made, if there
fhall be cauſe to apply fome remedyes.
"With the king and crown of Poland is continued the
amneſtie for twenty-fix years, formerly accorded; and al-
though her majefty wifheth that this amneſtie had bin con-
verted into a perpetuall peace, and, for this end, fhe hath
caufed paines to be taken twice att Lubec, by the media-
tors and her commiffioners, and although they are not yett
agreed, nevertheleſs her majeſty underſtands fo much on
the part of Poland, that they are not difaffected to the re-
newing of the treatyes for a longer time, ſo that her ma-
jeſty hath no caufe butt to promiſe herſelfe, att length, a
favourable fucceffe therin.
"With the Emperor and Roman empire, her majeſty,
fince the peace executed in Germany, hath continued and
maintayned good amity and correſpondence; and, for this
end, ſhe hath her ambaſſadors there, who have their places
in the preſent diette, for the principality of Bremen, Ver-
den, and Pomerland, among the other members of the
empire, who doe there maintaine and obferve the intereſts
of her majeſty; and, for the conclufion of the peace of
Germany, her majeſty hath reſolved, by a great ambaſſy,
to accept the poffeffion and inveftiture from the emperor
of the conquered countryes.
"Alfo, her majefty hath a good correfpondence and
friendſhip with France and Spayne, by fitt meanes, and a
good allyance.
6. But
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
1 6 9
May 11.
"But perticularly her majeſty rejoyceth, that the peri- 1654.
lous warre, made in the ocean, between the two powerfull
common-wealths of England and the united provinces
(by which we have received very great damage in our
trade throughout as it appeareth), is appeafed and ended;
and that, ſince, her majeſty hath made an allyance with the
common-wealth of England, for the fecurity of navigation
and commerce; fo that the faithfull ſubjects of her majeſty
may, therby, hope to have great advantage and profit.
"In this poſture and ſtate of affayres, her majeſty thinkes
it fitt to profecute her intention, which ſhe hath conceived
fome years fince, and to putt the fame in execution, that
is, to give up the kingdome of Sweden, and her ſcepter, to
his royall highnes, the moſt high, moſt illuftrious prince,
Charles Guſtave, by the grace of God, defigned hereditary
prince of the kingdome of Sweden, Count Palatin of the
Rhine in Bavaria, prince of Guliche, Cleve, and Bergen ;
and this is the only buifnes which her majefty hath to pro-
pofe to her faithfull fubjects att this time.
"Her majeſty alfo hath this gratious confidence in all
the eſtates heer now affembled, that when they fhall confi-
der, with what dexterity, pains, and travaile, her majefty
for ten years hath managed the affayres of this kingdome,
and with fuch good fortune; that all the counfells and in-
tentions of her majeſty have bin followed with fuch happy
fucceffe; that the ftate, with great honor and reputation,
hath eſcaped many difficulties of war, and yett injoyes fuch
quiet; that they cannot judge or conclude, that her maje-
fty would now make any alteration, were it not for the
good and fafety of this nation.
VOL. II.
Y
"The
170
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 11.
"The eftates, which have bin formerly affembled, know
very well how earneſtly her majefty preffed, that the king-
dome and governement might be provided of a fucceffor,
therby to avoyde and cutt of the fuddein accidents which
happen when a governement is uncertain; for which
reaſon, the eſtates, in that point, did agree, and thinke
good heertofore, that his highnes ſhould be choſen, and
made hereditary prince and fucceffor to the crown all this
her majeſty did propoſe and urge, till it was brought to the
effect which that time produced.
"And to the end, that her majeſty, during her life;
may have the pleaſure to ſee the happy effect of this defign,
and that the entire governement may be rendred into the
hands of his royall highnes; therfore, her majefty hath re-
folved to quitt the crowne, and the privileges of it, and to
putt them into the hands of his royall highnes.
“And although this refolution of her majeſty may ſeem
ftrange and unexpected to the eſtates of the kingdome,
nevertheles, according to her gratious confidence, fhe be-
lieves, that they will confent to her quiet, in retiring her-
felfe from fo heavy a burden, by their contributing an affent
to the propoſed alteration.
"Her majefty likewife affures herſelfe (as the eftates, by
their former acts, have alwayes teftifyed) of the eſteem
which they have of the perfon, and of the rare virtues, and
well knowne qualities, of his royall highnes; and that they
will find, that he will imploy them to a prudent governe-
ment, and to their great advantage; and that, att length,
they will not be deceived by this change, or any wayes
prejudiced for which end her majefty promifeth, and
offereth, to contribute all her advice and counfell, and
:
indea-
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
171
indeavour; chiefly, that his royall highnes, before his entry 1654.
into the governement, may affure the eftates, and effectu-
ally doe that, which the kings of Sweden, uppon the like May 11.
occafions, have used to doe, and are by the lawes and
cuſtoms obliged unto.
"And, on the other part, that the eftates, and all the
fubjects of Sweden, be obliged to render unto his royall
highnes that reſpect, obedience, and all thoſe rights, which
appertaine to a king, and which they are obliged to per-
forme.
“And as her majeſty hath conſidered, and reſolved up-
pon the meanes, wherby her majefty may injoy a yearly
pention to be ſettled uppon her during her life; and hav-
ing communicated her purpoſe therin to his royall highnes,
the fucceffor to the crowne: ſo ſhe gratiouſly hopeth, that
her faithfull ſubjects, and the eſtates, will be content ther-
with, humbly receiving and confenting to what her majeſty
hath gratiouſly diſpoſed.
"Her majeſty gratiouſly requires all the eftates of the
kingdome, that they would, as foon as may be, confider
this buifnes, to the end, that the refolution taken by her
majeſty may, in a ſhort time, be brought unto effect.
"Her majeſty moft gratioufly thankes all her faithfull
fubjects, for the obedience, honor, and refpect, which
every one of them hath faithfully teftifyed to her majefty,
during the time of her governement; fo that her majefty
hath received full contentment by their moſt humble de-
meanor, which heerafter, uppon all occafions, fhe will
acknowledge with all gratitude.
Y 2
"Her
172
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 11.
"Her majefty alfo hopeth, that her moſt faithfull fub-
jects will be fatisfyed, and give a good conftruction of the
faithfull care, which her majefty hath imployed for all in
generall and their happineſs, and chiefly for the gratious
affection which fhe hath teftifyed towards every one in per--
ticular.
"Her majeſty wifheth, that the moſt high and moſt
powerfull God would conferve and protect our deare
countrey, with all the inhabitants therof, and all the fub-
jects from all harme; and, to conclude, that the eſtates of
the kingdome, as well in generall as in perticular, may
continue and increaſe from day to day, and may for ever
flouriſh."
After this propofition was read, the queen's fervants
were called in, and ſhe went out of the hall, attended by
them and the ricks fenators, in the fame way and manner
as fhe came in; and after fhe was gone, firft, the arch-
biſhop of Ubfale, and the clergy following him; fecond,
the marſhall and nobility; third, the marſhall and burgef-
fes; fourth, the marſhall and boores, went out of the hall
in the fame order as they firſt came in; and when they were
gone, Whitelocke returned to his lodging.
all
About eleven a'clocke in the evening, the mafter of the
ceremonies came to bring Whitelocke to the remainder of
the folemnities of the marryage. Whitelocke, in no good
condition to goe abroade, having fate up the laſt night,
yett rather then difcontent the queen, and the nobility,
who had fent for him, he went with the mafter in the
queen's coach to the bride-groome's lodging in the caftle,
who mett him in the outer chamber, and brought him into
another roome, where were many fenators and lords: they
all
SWEDISH AM BASS Y..
173
all tooke their coach, and went, in the fame order as the day 1654.
before, to the queen, where the bride and ladyes were ex-
pecting them.
They came all to the great hall, where the queen and
the company tooke their places, and the drummes beating
and trumpetts founding; a gentleman entered the hall,
carrying a ſpeare or pike covered with taffata of the bride-
groome's colours, all butt the head, which was filver, worth
about twenty crownes; he ftood by the bride, holding the
ſpeare in the middle, both ends of it about breaft high,
and the bridegroome was brought and placed by his bride..
Then fenator Bundt made a folemne fpeech to the queen,
which (according to the interpretation made to Whitelocke)
was to thanke her majefty for the favour which he did to
the bride and bridegroome, in permitting the nuptialls to
be in her court; and he acquainted the queen, and pub-
liſhed to the company, what dowrey the bridegroome had
given that morning to his bride, with 2000 ducketts for
her proviſion; and that twelve of the nobility, of the al-
liance and friends to them both, were witneffes therunto,.
and were to take care, that the money fhould be diſpoſed
to the uſe of the wife and children, in cafe fhe furvived her.
huſband.
Then a gentleman read alowd the names of the twelve
wittneffes, who, as they were called, one after another.
making their honors to the queen, went and layd their
right hands on the fpeare; and then was publiſhed the
dowrey and augmentation, thus by thefe twelve wittneffed.
After this, the fpeare was layd down att the feet of the
bride, and all, making their folemne reverences to the
queen, tooke againe their places. Then the fame gentle-
man, -
May 11.
174
JOURNAL OF THE
May 11.
1654. man, that layd down the fpeare, took it up againe and
threw it out of the window into the great court ; where a
multitude of people ftood expecting it, and fcrambled for
the head of it, and for the taffata, which they tore in pieces
and wore in their hatts, as the bride's favours.
I2.
After this ceremony ended, the bridegroome came and
tooke the bride by the hand, and they marched after the
torches to the found of the drummes and trumpetts; after
that, the bridegroome tooke the queen by the hand, and
the bride came and tooke the engliſh ambaffador by the
hand, and other noblemen tooke their feverall ladyes, and
they marched two and two amidst the torches, and to
the fame lowde mufick as they had done the night
before.
After this, the noblemen and ladyes went to daunce
french daunces, and countrey daunces; butt Whitelocke,
having watched the night before, and not being well, he
privately withdrew himſelfe from the company, and retired
to his houfe; wondering that the queen, after ſo ſerious a
worke as ſhe had bin att in the morning, could be ſo pleaſed
with this evening's ceremonies.
About one a'clocke the laſt night, Whitelocke comming
from the folemnities of the court, received two pacquets of
letters from England: he had the more caufe to remember
the time, bicaufe then, although midnight, he could per-
fectly reade his letters without any candle, or other light
then that of the heavens, which, in this feafon of the yeare,
fcarce leaves any night att all, butt fo as one may well
reade all the night long with the help of twilight.
The
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
175
The letters from Thurloe of the firſt date acquainted 1654.
Whitelocke, that now he had fent duplicates of the laſt in-r
ftructions by a fhip going for Sweden.
In Thurloe's fecond letters, dated 13th April, he men-
tions the inftruction fent formerly to Whitelocke, and
acquaints him againe with the effect of them, and the pro-
tector's order, by which he leaves it to Whitelocke to re-
turne home when he fhall judge it fitt; and that, if he
fhould ftay the ceremonies of the coronation of the new
king, it would occaſion great delay. And he writes fur-
ther :
“Butt, in trueth, we cannot believe (notwithſtanding
all that is faid) that her majeſty will quitt her crowne, being
fo well qualifyed, in all reſpects, to governe as ſhe is, and
ſeems to be very well accepted of her people."
Then he againe mentions the figning of the peace with
the Dutch, and that the protector had appointed commif-
fioners to treate with the French, Spanish, and Portugall
ambaſſadors; butt had not yett declared himſelfe to any of
his neighbors..
"That the buifnes in Scotland was well, that the pro-
tector had taken away collonel Rich's commiffion, whereof
the officers of his regiment were glad; that many congratu-
latory petitions to his highnes came from divers countyes, one
from Bucks; that the protector proceeded to reformation of
the law and miniftry; and I hope he will merit as well in that
as in the military affayres. I returne your excellence my
humble thankes, for your acceptance of my indeavors to
ferve you; I can fay they come from an honeft heart, which
7
very
May 12.
176
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. very really imbraceth every opportunity wherin I may ma-
May 12.
nifeft myfelfe
Your excellency's faithfull humble fervant,
Whitehall,
13th Aprill, 1654.
Jo. THURLO E."
Whitelocke received feverall letters in theſe pacquetts
from Mr. Cokaine; one dated 2d Aprill faith thus :
"You will have leave from his highnes to take your firſt
opportunity to come away, and I hope it will not be with-
out bringing your buifnes to a happy and an honourable
iffue, which is the conftant fubject of our requeſts to the
Lord for you, and I doubt not butt we ſhall have a com-
fortable anſwear. In the meane time, I thinke (as I have
hinted to your excellence in former letters) it will not be
amiffe if you drawe good ftore of bills uppon us, though
butt pro forma, that we may gett as much money for you
as we can before your returne, and that you may have a
fufficient overplus to pay all fervants wages off, which I
believe will amount to a confiderable fum; and, uppon
this peace, I hope it will be no hard matter to gett your
bills payd, eſpecially if your excellence pleaſe withall to
write to my lord protector, and Mr. Thurloe, and fome of
the councell about it. I could wish that you would make
what haft you can home; for I am informed, by a ſpeciall
hand, that there is great labouring to make a chancellor,
whileft you are abfent, and to take that opportunity to putt
you by, whom I believe they doubt to be too much a
chriſtian, and an engliſhman, to truft in their fervice; butt
I hope God will give you a heart to fubmit to his will, and
to prize a good confcience above all the world; which will
indeed
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
177
indeed ftand us in ftead, when all outward things cannot 1654.
in the leaſt adminifter to us.
Aprill 2d.
m
May 12,
Your excellency's moſt humble fervant,
GEO. COKAINE,
27
In another letter, from Mr. Cokaine, he faith:
"Mr. Thurloe was pleaſed to acquaint me, that it was
his highnes and the councell's pleafure to make fome alte-
ration in the chancery; that it was determined, that your
lordſhip, and Sir Thomas Widdrington, and my lord L'Ifle,
fhould have the cuftody of the great feale, and I believe an
act to that purpoſe will paffe within few howers; butt I
perceive this buifnes was not done without fome tugging:
butt my lord protector and John Thurloe are true to you;
and now I am out of all fears, that any affront fhould be
offered you in your abſence. Mr. Mackworth deſerves a
letter from you, butt nothing I pray of this buifnes. Indeed
Mr. Thurloe hath played his part gallantly, and like a true
friend; for which I fhall love him as long as I live."
In other letters from Mr. Cokaine in this pacquett, dated
14th Aprill, he faith:
"Your old fervant Abell is much courted by his high-
nes to be his faulkener in chiefe, butt he will not accept
it, except your excellence had bin heer to give him your
explicite leave to ferve his highnes; and told me, without
ftuttering, he would not ferve the greateſt prince in the
world, except your excellence were prefent to make the
bargaine, that he might waite uppon you, with a caft of
hawkes, att the beginning of September every yeare into
Bedfordſhire it is pitty that gallantry ſhould hurt any;
VOL. II.
Z
cer-
178
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. certainly it is a noble profeffion that infpires him with fuch
a fpirit.
May 12.
"My lord protector, this week, hath expreffed great
reſpect to your excellence, uppon the death of the clerke
of the peace of Bucks; fome of the juftices came up, and
moved his highnes to putt one into his place, who ther-
uppon aſked, who was cuftos rotulorum? they anfweared,
the lord ambaffador Whitelocke; he theruppon replyed,
that the place fhould not be difpofed of till his returne.
They urged it againe, with many reaſons, butt he gave
them the fame anſwear, only with this addition, that he
was to returne fooner then perhaps they were aware of."
•
By this pacquett Whitelocke received letters from Mr.
Selden, which were thus:
For his excellence the lord Whitelocke, lord ambassador from.
the state of England, to her majesty of Sweden..
" MY LORD,
"Your excellence's laft of the third of February brought
me fo unexpreſſible a plenty of the utmoſt of fuch happynes-
as confifts in true reputation and honor, as that nothing.
with me will equall or come neer it. Firſt, that her moſt.
excellent majefty, a prince fo unparallelled and incompa-
rable, and ſo juſtly acknowledged with the height of true
admiration, by all that either have, or love arts, or other
goodnes, fhould vouchſafe to defcend to the mention of my
meane name, and the inquiry of my being and condition,.
with fuch moft gratious expreffions.
cellence, whofe favours have bin fo
on me, ſhould be the perfon of whom fuch inquiry was
Next, that
Next, that your ex-
continually multiplyed
made;
•
SWEDISH AMBAS S Y.
179
made; all the daunger is, that your noble affection rendred 1654.
me farre above myſelfe: however, it neceffitates me to be-
come a fervent fuitor to your excellence, that if it ſhall fall May 12.
out, that her majeſty and you have againe leifure, and will
to ſpeake of any fuch trifle as I am, you will be pleaſed to
repreſent to her majefty my moſt humble thankes, and my
heart full of devotion to her, of which too I fhall ſtudy
to give, if I can, fome other humble teſtimony. God fend
her moſt excellent majefty alwayes her heart's defires, and
the moft royall amplitude of all happynefs, and your lord-
ſhip a good diſpatch, and fafe and timely returne.
Whitefryers,
March 2, 1653.
My lord, your excellency's moſt
obliged and humble fervant,
Jo. SELDEN.”
Whitelocke had alfo in this pacquet, letters from his old
friends Mr. Hall, Mr. Eltonhead, the lord commiffioner
L'Ifle, his brothers Wilfon and Carleton, Mr. Peters, Sir
Jofeph Holland, and divers others; alfo letters, from Ham-
bourgh, from Mr. Bradeſhaw, the protector's refident
there, with fome intercepted letters from the king's party,
as Sir Edward Hyde, and ſeverall others.
This day being appointed for Whitelocke's laſt audience,
he was habited in a plain fuit of very fine english cloth of
muſke colour, the buttons of gold, enamelled, and in each
button a rubye, and rich points and ribbons of gold; his
gentlemen were in their richeft clothes, his pages and lac-
quayes, above twenty, in their liveryes.
In the afternoon, two of the ricks fenators, with the
mafter of the ceremonies, came with two of the queen's
Z 2
coache
180
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. coaches to Whitelocke's houſe, to bring him to his audience;:
he received them with the ufuall ceremonie, and, after they
May 12.
had fate a little while in his bed-chamber, one of the fena-
tors faid, that, by the queen's commaund, they were come
to him to accompany him to his audience, which he had
defired this day, and that her majeſty was ready to receive
him.
Whitelocke anfweared, that he was alwayes defirous to
waite uppon her majefty, and not the leffe now, bicauſe it
was in order to returne to his own countrey.. They made.
no long complements, butt went downe and tooke their.
coaches.
The noblemens coaches, fent thither to accompany him,
went first, then followed his two coaches, and laft, the
queen's coaches: in the laft of them fate the two fenators
in the fore-end, Whitelocke in the backe-end, and the
maſter in the boote; the gentlemen in the ſeverall coaches,
the pages and lacquayes walking and riding behind the
coaches.
Att the bridge of the caſtle was a guard of nruſquetiers.
more then formerly, of about two companies, with their
officers; they made a lane from the bridge to the end of
the court as foon as Whitelocke was alighted out of the
coach, the ricks hough mafter, with his filver ſtaffe, mett
him att the ſtayres foote; very many of the queen's fervants
and courtiers with him, very gallant. Whitelocke's gen-
tlemen went firft, two and two up the ftayres; after them,
the queen's fervants, then the mafter of the ceremonies,
then the hough marfhall, then the two fenators and White-
locke between them, followed by his fons, his chaplains,
phyfitian,
་
SWEDISH AMBASSY
181
phyfitian, fecretaries, and ſteward, and after them his pages 1654.
and lacquayes..
-
In this order they mounted the ftayres, and through the
great chamber to the guard chamber, where the queen's
partizans ftood in their rich coates, with the armes of Swe-
den imbroydered with gold, their fwords by their fides, and
rich halberts guilded in their hands; they ſtood in a fixed
poſture, more like images then men.
When they came to the audience chamber, there was
ſcarce roome for any of Whitelocke's gentlemen to come in,
butt, by the civility of the queen's fervants, roome was
made for them, and they made a lane from the doore of
the chamber to the upper end neer the queen, who was
uppon a foot pace, covered with carpets, and a rich canopy.
over her head.
•
·
Her habit was blacke filke ftuffe for her coates, and over:
them a blacke velvet jippo, fuch as men ufe to weare; fhe:
had uppon her breaft the jewell of the order of the knights.
of Amaranta, her hayre hung loofe as it uſed to doe, and
her hatt was after the faſhion of men: a great number of
fenators, and of civil and military officers and courtiers,
many more then ordinarily did appeare att any audience,
ſtood all bare about her, and a few ladyes were behind her..
She ftood uppon the carpets before the ftate with her hatt
on, and when Whitelocke came firft into the roome, and
pulled off his hatt, the queen prefently pulled off her hatt,
and when Whitelocke made his honors, the anfweared him,
though att that diftance, with a fhort courfey. After his
three obeyfances, being come up to the queen, he kiſt her.
hand; then the queen putt on her hatt, and Whitelocke
puit,
May 12.
182
JOURNAL OF THE
May 12.
1654. putt on his hatt, and, after a little pawfe, with high filence
and folemnity in all the company, Whitelocke took off his
hatt, and the queen took off her hatt likewife, and all the
time of his ſpeaking both of them were uncovered. White-
locke having made his ceremonies, fpake to the queen
: thus:
"Madame,
"I confeffe that the time of my abfence from my rela-
tions, and concernements in my own countrey, would
have ſeemed very tedious, had I not bin in the publique
fervice, and honored with admittance into your majeſty's
prefence; whofe favours, anfwearable to your greatnes,
though above my merit, have bin inlarged towards me
during the whole time of my refidence, under the juſt and
fafe protection of your majeſty: the which, with the civili-
ties of thoſe moſt excellent perfons with whom I treated,
and of thoſe who have bin pleaſed to honor me with their
acquaintance in your court, I fhall not fayle to acknow-
ledge with all reſpect.
"Butt, madame, to your majefty I fhall not preſume
to returne any other acknowledgement then by the thankes
of my lord the protector, who is able to judge of the affec-
tion fhowed to him and to the common-wealth, wherof
he is the head, by the honor done unto their fervant.
"Madame, it is your great judgement in the publique
intereft, and your defire to advance the good of your own
ſtate, and that of your neighbors, and the perticular reſpect
that
you beare to my mafter, wherby the buifnes trufted to
my care by his highnes is brought to fuch an iſſue, as I
hope
↑
7
}
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
183
hope will be a folide foundation of great and mutuall prof- 1654.
perity to both theſe nations.
"I have nothing to adde on my parte, butt to intreate
that my faylings and errors, not willfully committed, may
be excufed, to take my leave of your majefty, and to affure
you, that there is no perſon who honors you more then I
doe, and who ſhall be more ready to lay hold on any op-
portunity, wherby I may indeavor, to the utmoſt of my
power, to contribute to the happyness and profperity of
your royall majefty, and of your people."
•
As it was done att Whitelocke's firft audience, fo he
now ordered it, that Monf. de la Marche, one of his chap-
leins, did, att the end of every ſentence as Whitelocke
ſpake, interpret the fame to the queen in french.
During all the time of his ſpeaking to the queen, ſhe
looked him wiftly in the face, and came up very neer unto
him, as ſhe had done att his firſt audience, perhaps to have
daunted him, as fhe had done others, butt he was not
daunted; and when he had made an end of ſpeaking,
after a little pawfe, the queen anſweared him in the ſwediſh
language, which was then interpreted in latin to Whitelocke,
to this effect:.
(6
My lord ambaffador,
"It may well be, that your ftay in this place, where
you have bin ſo ill accommodated, and your abfence from.
your neer relations and native countrey, hath bin tedious
to you; butt I can affure you, that your refidence in my
court hath bin a contentment to myfelfe, and to thoſe who
have had the honor to converfe with you in this place ::
May 12.
and
184
JOURNAL OF THÈ
May 12.
1654. and it would have bin a blemiſh to me, and to all under
my governement, if, in this time, any thing of injury or
daunger had fallen out to your perfon, or to any of your
people. I hope I may fay, that there hath bin no fuch
thing offered to you, and I am glad of it.
"I doe not know that your judgement hath deceived you
in any thing butt this, that you have too great a value of
my underſtanding of publique affayres. It hath bin your
prudent management of the buifnes committed to your truſt
by the protector, and my perticular reſpects to him, and
to your common-wealth, with the good inclinations of the
people of this countrey towards you, and the generall in-
tereſt of the proteſtant party, which have brought your
buifnes to effect; and which, I hope, will occafion much
good and happynes to theſe nations, and to all the evange-
licall party.
And truely, fir, your demeanor on all occa-
fions requires from us this teftimony, that we have found
much honor, and great abilities to be in you; and I ſhould
be very unwilling to part with fo good company, were it
not in order to your own fatisfaction for your returne to
England.
"I know no errors committed by you heer, butt defire
your excufe of the want of thofe expreffions of our refpect,
which this place would not afforde: the thankes are due
to you, for your patience, and for the affection which you
have teſtifyed to me and to this nation, from whom you
may depend uppon a firme friendſhip and amitie, with a
true refpect to the protector and common-wealth of Eng-
land, and an honorable efteem of yourfelfe in perticular,
to whom we wish a fafe and profperous returne to your
own countrey."
After
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
185
May 12.
After the queen had done ſpeaking, Whitelocke had fome 1654.
private diſcourſe of complement with her in french, to give
her majeſty thankes for her noble treatment of him, and
many favors to him; then, according to the ufage of
this court, he delivered to Monf. Lagerfeldt, ftanding by,
a copy of his fpeech in engliſh, figned by him with his
hand, and another copy of his fpeech in latin, not figned
by him, to be preſented to the queen: then Whitelocke
tooke his leave, and kiſt her majefty's hand, who gave him
the à Dieu with great reſpect and civility.
He was conducted back to his coach with the fame
ceremony as he was brought to his audience, and the
fame two
fenators, with the mafter of the ceremo-
nies, returned with him to his houfe; and, after ufuall
complements paſt between them, they returned to the
court.
The trouble of the day was not yett ended; butt after
Whitelocke had come from the court, Lagerfeldt brought
to him the articles touching Guinee, which were agreed
uppon, and figned and ſealed by the queen's commiffioners,
as the other part of them was by Whitelocke *.
After the great toyle of this buify day, a yett greater
toyle muſt be undergone by Whitelocke to make his dif-
patches for England: by his letters to Thurloe he againe
acquainted the councell with the good conclufion of his
treaty, and with his taking leave of the queen in his laft
audience; and fent him copyes of the fpeeches, and gave
an account of the buifnes of Guinee, with all materiall
paffages fince his laft letters, and his refolution and way of
returne home.
VOL. II.
A a
He
* See ap•
pendixT.
186
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
He alſo anfweared the letters of every one of his friends,
which were very many; butt that to his wife, as he was
Alay 12. afterwards informed, caufed much trouble and paffion,
that, by this date of the letter, 12th May, fhe perceived
that he was not removed from Ubſale in his journey to re-
turne homewards.
13.
Whitelocke began his vifits and complements to take his
leave of his friends in this court; and heerin he was to be
very exact, and not to omit any one who had given him
the honor of former vifits: he, to be the leffe fubject to
iniſtakes, fett down in writing the names of thofe whom he
was to vifite, which made a long catalogue; butt he muſt
gett through it, as part of the buifnes of an ambaſſador.
And this day he began, by viſiting the french and holland
refidents, and the Grave Leonhough, whofe difcourfes were
concerning the peace between England and the Dutch, the
engliſh ſtrong fleet att fea, of the queen's refignation, and
other generall themes, not neceffary to be repeated.
Woolfeldt gave a vifit to Whitelocke, and difcourfed on
the fame fubjects, butt more perticularly of the intereſt of
England, and the payment of tolle to the king of Den-
marke att the Sundt; wherin Whitelocke had good informa-
tion from him, and fuch as, if it had bin hearkened unto,
would have bin of great advantage to the protector, and
common-wealth of England: fo great an intereft White-
locke had gained in the affection and friendſhip of this
gentleman, that he would not conceale from him any thing
that he knew (who knew more then any other that White-
locke mett with) concerning the Sundt, the king of Den-
marke, the court and courtiers heer, or whatfoever related
to Whitelocke's buifnes, and to England.
This
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
187
This Lord's day, Sir George Fletewood did Whitelocke 1654.
the favour to beare him company att his houfe, and told May 14.
him, that the queen and her lords were pleaſed with his
deportment att his laſt audience, and with his ſpeech then
made, which they commended, butt is heer omitted.
He and others alfo acquainted Whitelocke, that the queen
tooke great pleaſure att his carryage att the folemnity of
the nuptialls att court, and that he would daunce with
them; and both the queen and her courtiers faid, that the
engliſh ambaſſador knew how to lay afide the gravity of an
ambaffador when he pleafed, and could play the courtier
with as good a grace as any one that ever they faw, with
much to the like effect.
Whitelocke vifited marſhall Wrangell and generall Wit- 15.
tenbergh, and went from thence to the caſtle to viſit Grave
Tot, who told him, that the queen had altered her purpoſe
of ſending him into England, and would doe him the honor
to retaine him with her, butt that yett he hoped in a fhort
time to ſee England.
Whitelocke faid, he ſhould be glad to meet him and to
doe him ſervice there: they difcourfed of the queen's refi-
dence in Pomerland, or fome other place neer this coun-
trey, and of the difcommodities and inconveniencyes which
would ariſe therby.
Whitelocke told him, that if the queen had leifure, that
he fhould be glad to waite on her; and Tot went prefently
to know her pleafure, and promifed to bring word to
Whitelocke if he might fee the queen, and did it, att the
lady Jane Ruthen's lodging, whither Whitelocke was gone
to take his leave of that lady; whence he brought White-
locke
A a 2
188
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654. locke to the traverſe of the warderobe, where her majefty
came to him, and conducted him into her bed-chamber,
May 15. where they thus difcourfed.
i.
Wh. I humbly thanke your majefty for admitting me to
be preſent att the meeting of the rickfdagh.
Qu. How did you like the manner and proceedings of it
when you were there?
Wh. It was with the greateſt gravity and folemnity that
I ever faw in any publique affembly, and well becomming
perfons of their quality and intereſt.
Qu. There be among them very confiderable perfons,
and wife men.
Wh. Such an affembly requires fuch men, and their car-
ryage ſhowed them to be ſuch; butt, madame, I expected
that your chancellor, after he fpake with your majefty,
ſhould, according to the courſe in our parlements, have
declared, by your direction, the caufes of the councell's
being fummoned.
Qu. It belongs to the office of the chancellor with us to
doe it, and when I called him to me, it was to defire him
to doe it.
Wh. How then came it to paffe that he did it not, when
his place and your majefty required it?
Qu. He defired to be excuſed, and gave me this reaſon,
that he had taken an oath to my father to uſe his utmoſt
indeavor
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
189
indeavor to keep the crown on my head; and that the cauſe 1654.
of my calling this diette was to have their confents for me
May 15.
to quitt the crown; that if he ſhould make this propofition
to them, it would be contrary to the oath which he had
taken to my father, and therfore he could not doe it.
Wh. Did not your majeſty expect this anſwear?
Qu. Not att all, butt was wholly furpriſed by it; and
when the rickſdagh were mett, my chancellor thus excufing
himſelfe, there was nobody appointed by me to declare to
them the cauſe of their meeting; butt rather then the affem-
bly ſhould be putt off, and nothing done, I pluckt up my
ſpirits the beſt I could, and ſpake to them on the fuddein
as you heard, although much to my diſadvantage.
Wh. Indeed, madame, you were much furpriſed; and I
cannot butt wonder, that you ſhould have no intimation
given you before hand of your chancellor's refolution: butt
your majeſty will pardon me, if I believe it proved no dif
advantage to you, when I had the honor to fee and heare,
with how excellent a grace, and how princelike your ma-
jeſty, in fo great an affembly, and on a fuddein, delivered
your mind and purpoſe.
Qu. You are apt to make the beſt conſtruction of it;
you fee I did adventure uppon it, remembring that they
were my fubjects, and I their queen.
Wh. Madame, you ſpake and acted like yourſelfe, and
were highly complemented by the feverall marthalls, butt,
above all the reft, by the honeſt boore.
Que Was you fo taken with his clownery?
Ib.
190
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 15.
Wh. It feemed to me as pure and cleer naturall elo-
quence, without any forced ftraine, as could be expreſſed.
quence,
Qu. Indeed there was little elfe butt what was naturall,
and by a well meaning man, who is underſtanding enough
in his countrey way.
Wh. Whofoever fhall confider his matter, more then his
forme, will find that the man underſtands his buifines; and
the garment or phrafe wherwith he clothed his matter,
though it was rufticke, yett the variety and plaine elegancy,
and reafon, could not butt affect his auditors.
Qu. I thinke he fpake from his heart.
Wh. I believe he did, and acted fo too, eſpecially when
he wiped his eyes.
Qu. He showed his affection to me in that poſture, more
then greater men did in their ſpheres.
Wh. Madame, we muſt looke uppon all men to worke
according to their preſent intereft; and fo I fuppofe doe
the great men heer as well as, elſewhere.
Qu. Heer I have had experience enough of fuch actings:
I ſhall trye what they doe in other places, and content my-
felfe however I fhall find it.
Wh. Your majefty will not expect to find much diffe-
rence in the humors of men, as to feeking themſelves, and
neglecting thoſe from whom they have received favours.
Qu.
2
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
191
Qu. It will be no otherwiſe then what I am armed to 1654.
beare, and not to regard; butt your perticular refpects I
fhall alwayes remember with gratefullnes.
Wh. Your majeſty ſhall ever find me your faithfull fer-
vant. Doe you intend, madame, to goe from hence to
Pomerland?
Qu. My intentions are to goe preſently after my refigna-
tion to the Spae; butt wherefoever I am, you have a true
friend of me.
Wh. There is no perfon alive more cordially your maje-
fty's fervant then I am.
Qu. I doe believe it, or elfe I fhould not have communi-
cated to you fuch things as I have done.
Wh. Your majeſty hath therin expreffed much confidence
in me, which I hope fhall never deceive you, however my
want of abilities may not anfwear your majeſty's favours
to me.
Qu. I have noe doubt of your faithfullnes, and you have
fufficiently manifefted your abilities. Give me leave to
trouble you with the company of a gentleman, my fervant,
whom I purpoſe to ſend over with you to England, to take
care for thoſe things which I defire to have from thence.
Wh. He ſhall be very wellcome to me and my company,
and I fhall give him my beſt afliſtance for your majeſty's
fervice.
May 15.
}
i
192
1654.
May 15.
JOURNAL OF THE
Qu. I fhall thanke you for it, and commaund him to
obey your directions.
Wh. Madame, if you pleafe to accept a fett of black
english ftone-horfes for your coach, I fhall take the bold-
nes to fend them to your ftables; and pray your majefty,
that the maſter of your horfe may furniſh me for my jour-
ney to Stockholme.
Qu. I doe thankfully accept your kindnes, and all mine
are att your fervice.
Wh. I have interrupted your majefty too long. I de-
fired the favour of this opportunity to prefent my moſt
humble thankes to your majefty for all your noble favours
to me, and my company.
Qu. I intreat your excufe for the meanness of my pre-
fents: I could not doe therin what I deſired, nor after
merit.
your
Wh. Madame, there is nothing of my merit to be al-
leadged; butt your majefty hath teftifyed much honor to
the protector and common-wealth, whom I ferve.
Qu. England is a noble countrey, and your mafter is a
gallant man: I defire you to affure him, on my part, of
all affection and reſpect towards him.
Wh. Your majefty may be confident of the like from his
highnes; and your humble fervant will heartily pray for
your majeſty's profperity, where ever you are.
Qu.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
193
Qu. I wish you a happy voyage and returné to your 1654.
own countrey.
May 15.
After he came from the queen, Whitelocke mett with the
baron Steinbergh, mafter of her horfe, whom he acquaint-
ed with what he had moved to her majeſty, and he was
very forward to accommodate Whitelocke.
From hence he went and vifited Grave Eric Oxenstierne,
who difcourfed with him about the folemnity of the nup-
tialls att court, and aſked him how he liked it?
Wh. They were very noble; butt I pray, my noble bro-
ther, inftruct me what the meaning was of the dowrey
given by the bridegroome to the bride, the next morning
after he had bedded her ; and what doe you call that
dowrey?
Eric. By the antient cuſtome of this countrey, the next
morning after the wedding night, the huſband beftowes
uppon his wife a guift of money, according to his eſtate, to
fhow how he is pleafed with the cohabitation, and to make
fome proviſion, in caſe of his death before her, for the wife,
and children which he fhall have by her; and this we call
a morgeng gaven, a morning's guift.
Wh. The fame word morgeng gaven is in the old termes
of our english lawes, and expounded to fignify a fecond
dowrey, and hath much affinity with this of yours, and in
that of your twelve wittneſſes, who teſtifyed the contract of
marryage and the morgeng gaven; to which our tryalls by
twelve men, whome we call juryes, bicauſe they are fworne,
are fomewhat like, and they are fo many wittneffes, as
well as judges of the fact.
VOL. II.
B b
Eric
1
194
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Eric. I believe your cuftomes and ours had the fame
originall.
May 15.
Wh. I find much reſemblance between them and yours :
what doe you call the twelve that layd their hands on the
ſpeare ?
Eric. We call them the twelve wittneffes, les douze
témoins.
Wh. What doe you call the fpeare or pike which the gen-
tleman held?
Eric. We call it weppun.
Wh. We have the fame word, weapon, for all manner of
armes and warlike inftruments. What doe you call the
laying of their hands uppon the ſpeare?
Eric. We call it tack, weppun tack, to touch the fpeare.
:
Wh. We have alſo the word tack, for touching; and we
have, in the northerne parts of England, a perticular pre-
cinct, or territory, which we call a wapen-take, and a ter-
ritorial court of juftice there, which we call a wapen-take
court and a very learned gentleman, from whom I re-
ceived letters in my laſt pacquet, Selden, derives the name
of wapen-take from weapon and tacke; and faith, they
ufed to come to that court with their weapons, and to touch
one anothers weapons, from whence came the appellation
of wapen-take.
Eric. Tacitus obferves that, att the publique affemblyes
and councells of the Germans, they uſed to meet with their
weapons,
SWEDISH AMBAS S Y.
195
weapons, and, when any thing was fayd that pleaſed them, 1654.
they would touche one anothers fpeares, or weapons, and May 15.
therby make a noyfe, to teſtify their conſent and appro-
bation.
Wh. Your ceremony, of laying downe the ſpeare att the
feet of the bride, putts me in mind of another paffage in
Tacitus, de moribus germanorum; that, when a man was
marryed, he uſed to bring his armes and lay them att the
feet of his bride, to fignify that, he would not take them
up, nor goe forth to warre, being newly marryed, with-
out the leave of his wife, to whom he had now given the
commaund of himfelfe and of his armes.
Eric. Our cuſtomes and thoſe of the antient Germans
have much reſemblance; butt I never heard fo good obfer-
vations uppon the ceremonies of a wedding as your excel-
lence hath made.
Wh. I am delighted with theſe antiquityes; butt your
excellence fhowes your opinion to be of a brother.
From Grave Eric, Whitelocke went to vifit the fenator
Scute, and Lynde, who lodged in one houſe, and mett him
att the doore; and this day he made feaven vifits, befides
his attendance uppon the queen, haftening to gett over
theſe matters of complement and ceremony, that he might
be uppon his journey to Stockholme.
Whitelocke vifited generall Douglas, who had bin to 16.
vifit him before, and now fhowed great refpect unto him,
and gave him many thankes for the engliſh horſe which
Whitelocke had beſtowed on him.
B b 2
After
196
JOURNAL OF THE
1654:
May 16.
After this, Whitelocke vifited the ricks admirall, and the
fenators Rofenham and Bundt..
In the afternoon he vifited Woolfeldt, who brought
Whitelocke into the roome where his lady and other ladyes
of great quality were with her. Whitelocke imagined föme
defigne to be heerin, bicauſe it was a thing fo unufuall to
bring gentlemen, and ftrangers, into the company of their
ladyes; and it fell out to be fo, for Whitelocke difcourf-
ing with the lady Woolfeldt, who fpake perfect french, fhe
complained, that he knew not where to have a place to
fee the entry of the prince into Ubfale. Whitelocke know-
ing his houſe to be conveniently fcituate for that purpoſe,
and underſtanding the lady's complaint, he, to free her ·
from the daunger of not feeing that folemnity, offered to
her, and to the reſt of the ladyes in her company, to com‐
maund his houſe, which if they pleaſed to honor with their
prefence to fee the entry of the prince, he fhould take it
as a great favour from their excellencics; and the ladyes
readily accepted of his offer:
They prefently came to Whitelocke's houfe: with the
lady Woolfeldt was the counteffe John Oxenftierne, the
counteffe Eric Oxenftierne, the counteffe Tot, the baroneffè
Guildensterne, and feven or eight other ladyes of great
quality.
Before the prince came into the town, Whitelocke caufcd
a collation to be fett on the table for the ladyes, all after
the engliſh faſhion, creames, tarts, butter, cheeſe, neats
tounges, potted venifon, apples, peares, fweet meates, and
excellent wine: they eate heartily, and feemed to be much
pleaſed with it, and with the ambaffador's difcourfe,. who
ftrove
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
197
Arove to be cheerfull with the ladyes, and found it not un- 1654.
acceptable to them.
The prince's entry and reception into Ubfale this evening
was thus:
The day before, by the queen's commaund, notice was
given to all the fenators, the nobility, gentry, and perfons
of quality about the court and in towne, to come in their
beſt equipage on horfeback, att one a'clocke this afternoone
to the caftle, to attend the queen on her going out to
meet the prince. They accordingly reforted to the court,
a very great number, and attended the queen forth in this
order, all paffing and returning by Whitelocke's windowe.
Firſt, generall major Wrangell marched in the head of
four troupes of horfe of Upland, proper men, and well
armed, their horfes not tall, butt ftronge: every horfeman
carryed ready in his hand one of his piſtolls, and his ſword
by his fide; and moſt of them were well habited.
Then marched collonell Bengt Horne, in the head of the
gentlemen, and fervants of the fenators, and other volun-
tiers, marching three and three a breaſt.
After thefe, rode about fix of the queen's kettle drummes,
and twelve trumpetts..
Then came Monf. Eric Flemming, governor of Copper-
bergh, marſhall of the nobility, followed by the heads of
the families of the nobles, in the fame order as they are
matriculated in the rickfdagh: they were generally very
rich in clothes, and well horfed, lords and gentlemen of
principal note and confideration in their countrey, and
mem-·
May 16..
198
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. members of the rickſdagh; they alſo rode three and three a
breaft.
May 16.
After them, rode Monf. Gabriel Gabrielfon, marſhall of
the court, and was followed by all the fenators then in
towne, being about thirty, riding two and two a breaſt;
grave in their habits for the moft part, and well horfed.
Then came the ricks ftalle-mafter, and the hoff ftalle-
maſter, that is, the mafter of the horfe of the kingdome,
and the maſter of the horſe of the court, riding bare-
headed.
After them came the queen, gallantly mounted, habited
in her uſuall faſhion, in grey ftuffe, her hatt on her head,
her piſtolls att her faddle bowe, and twenty-four of the
gardes du corps about her perfon.
After the queen, followed the great chamberlaine Grave
Jacob de la Guardie, and Grave Tot, captaine of the guards,
both bare-headed.
After them, the Grave Donae, Guſtaff Oxenftierne, and
Guftaff Jean Banier, riding bare-headed.
Then rode all the gentlemen of the queen's chamber;
then the pages of her chamber.
After them, in the laſt place, marched collonell Line, in
the head of fower companies of the guards, well armed,
and indifferently well habited.
3
In
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
199
In this order they marched about halfe a league out of 1654.
town, to the place appointed to meet the prince, who was
there attending.
When they came thither, generall major Wrangell march-
ed to the left, leaving fufficient roome that the guards
night paffe to the right hand; the voluntiers and queen's
fervants likewife turned to the left hand, and the marſhall
of the nobility to the right, with the hoff marſhalls; and all
this trayne kept excellent order and difcipline, as did the
prince's trayne, which was alſo very great.
The prince was alighted from his horfe, before the queen
came very neer to him; when the queen alighted, all the
fenators likewife alighted from their horfes, butt the nobi-
lity did not alight from horfeback.
After his royal highnes had kiffed the queen's hand,
fhe difcourfed a little with him, he being bare-headed all
the time, and ſhowing great refpect to her as to his queen.
Then the queen mounted agayne on horfeback, the
prince waiting on her; the troupes marched backe to the
towne in the fame order as they came forth, with great
addition to their numbers: the prince's gentlemen and fer-
vants, who were a great number, fell into the troupe
troupe where
thole of the queen were, betwixt her gentlemen and the
fenators gentlemen; his pages after the queen's. Himſelfe
rode after the queen, and fometimes fhe would call him
(as fhe did in the ſtreet), to ipcake with him, and then he
rode even with her; butt all the way bare-headed whilft lie
rode by the queen, and fhe talked with him.
May 16
The
200
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 16.
The prince was in a plaine grey cloth fuit, of a light
colour, mounted uppon a very brave grey horfe, with piftolls
att his faddle, and his fworde by his fide: the queen's lac-
quays were in rich yellow liveryes, the prince's lacquays in
blew liveryes, neer twenty, walking by them.
There were many ledde horſes of the queen's and of the
prince's, and feven or eight fumpter horſes of the prince's;
the fumpter clothes all of blew velvet, with the prince's
armes imbroidered on them, and rich filver fringe about
them; the groomes and fumpter men in the fame livery,
about twenty of them.
In this equipage they marched through the freets of Ub-
fale, multitudes of people being fpectators of their entry,
in the wayes and windowes. When they came to the caftle
court, the nobility and voluntiers alighted, and walked two
and two, before the queen, up into the great hall, and to
the antichamber; and the queen being come into her with-
drawing roome, after fome little difcourfe there with the
prince and complements paffed, he went to the lodgings
prepared for him, with not a few waiting on him, who was
the rifing funne.
Whitelocke had ſpoken to the mafter of the ceremonies,
touching the faluting of the prince and the manner of his
reception, wherof he wished to know fomwhat before hand,
to governe himfelfe accordingly, and to avoyd any indignity
or diſhonor to be putt uppon the protector and common-
wealth by his perfon. The mafter having ſpoken to the
prince about it, brought word now to Whitelocke, that,
when he moved his royal highnes touching Whitelocke's
reception, the prince faid, that the engliſh ambaſſador ſhould
have
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
201
have no cauſe to complaine of any want of reſpect in his 1654.
reception.
The more to manifeft this, about ten a'clocke this even-
ing, the prince fent one of the gentlemen of his bed-cham-
ber, who came, attended with three lacquayes, and ſpake
to Whitelocke in french; that the prince, his mafter, com-
maunded him to falute Whitelocke in his name, and to in-
forme him of the prince's arrivall in this place, and that it
was a great fatisfaction to him to hope, that he fhould have
the contentment to fee the engliſh ambaſſador, and to inter-
taine him before his departure from Sweden.
Whitelocke deſired, that his thankes might be returned to
his royall highnes for this honor, and that he hoped to ob-
taine from him the favour to give him leave to falute him,
and to kiffe his hand; that to doe this on the part of the
protector his maſter was, att preſent, the only occafion of
Whitelocke's continuance in this place; and for this end he
had moved the mafter of the ceremonies to know the plea-
fure of his royall highnes, and to informe Whitelocke what
time might be convenient to waite uppon the prince. The
gentleman replyed, that Whitelocke's company would be
very acceptable to the prince his mafter, and he doubted
not butt an account would be given therof to Whitelocke,
to his full contentment.
Whitelocke had fent this day to Grave John Oxenftierne,
to know what time he might give him a vifit, and the Grave.
returned a proud anfwear, that it would not yet be con-
venient.
May 16.
The refident of Holland came to vifit Whitelocke neer 17.
dinner time, which gave him occafion to invite his ftay;
VOL. IL
Сс
and
202
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654. and he and Sir G. Fletewood, Mr. Bloome, colonell Ham-
bleton, Monfieur Lillycroon, and two Dutch gentlemen,
May 17. did Whitelocke the favour to be att his table. Whitelocke
gave the refident the reſpect of the upper end of the table,
as he had formerly done to the french and fſpaniſh reſidents;
and the dutch gentleman was well pleaſed with it, and with
the engliſh intertainment.
i
Whitelocke, having received fo great a reſpect from the
prince, did againe defire the maſter of the ceremonies to
know, what time might fuit with the prince's leiſure to give
Whitelocke leave to waite on him.
This afternoon the mafter came to Whitelocke, and in-
formed him, that the prince had appointed four a'clocke
this afternoon to give Whitelocke audience; and the maſter
fayd, that he would come with the queen's coaches to bring
Whitelocke to the caftle when it was time; and accord-
ingly he came between five and fix a'clocke this evening.
Whitelocke and his company went with the mafter to the
caſtle, and as foon as he was alighted out of his coach, he
was received by the marfhall and gentlemen of the prince,
a great number of them, att the foote of the ſtayres; ſome of
them were very richly habited.
They walked firft up the ftayres, and thofe of Whitelocke's
trayne followed them; the maſter of the ceremonies was on
Whitelocke's left hand: when they came to the guard cham-
ber, the prince in perfon came thither to receive Whitelocke
att the doore therof, the fame place where the captain of
the queen's guard uſed to meet and receive Whitelocke; who
was a little furpriſed, not expecting fuch a high favour as
to be met by the prince fo farre from the roome of au-
dience.
The
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
203
May 17.
The prince was plaine in his habit of black filke, accom- 1654:
panyed by a great number of the fenators, officers, and
nobility, which caufed Whitelocke to know him, and with
due refpect to falute him, as he did Whitelocke; and after
a few complements between them, the prince deſired White-
locke to advance, who excuſed himſelfe, butt the prince
preffed it the conteft was almoſt halfe an hower, who
fhould goe firſt, till the mafter of the ceremonies, by com-
maund of the prince, whiſpered to Whitelocke to give way
to the pleasure of the prince, who was refolved to give
Whitelocke the precedence, therby to teftify the great re-
ſpect and honor which he had for the protector, and for
Whitelocke his fervant.
Theruppon Whitelocke faid to the prince, that fince he
underſtood it to be the pleafure of his royall highnes, he
would obey his commaunds; and fo they went on togither,
the prince giving Whitelocke the right hand; and there was
no occafion (by reafon of the largenes of the doores) for
one to goe before the other.
In the third roome, from the place where the prince mett
Whitelocke, was the audience chamber; there were fett two
rich chayres uppon foot carpets, one againſt the other, under
a canopy of ſtate: heer was alſo much ceremony between
the prince and Whitelocke, who ſhould take the right hand
chayre; butt the prince would have Whitelocke to fitt there ;
and the roome was full of fenators, officers, noblemen,
courtiers, and others of quality.
Whitelocke had adviſed in what language to ſpeake to the
prince. He held it not fitt to fpeake in engliſh, bicaufe he
came not to him as ambaffador, nor in latin, there being
nothing of treaty between them; butt being a matter of
ceremonie,
Cc 2
204
JOURNAL OF THE
May 17.
1654. ceremonie, he was adviſed and informed, that it was the
prince's defire that Whitelockefhould fpeake to him in french,
the which he underſtood very well: and accordingly, being
both fett, and their hatts on, after a little paufe, Whitelocke
putt off his hatt, and then the prince did fo likewife; then
both putting on their hatts. agayne, Whitelocke fpake to the
*See ap- prince to this effect *.
pendix U
for tranf-
lation.
66
6:6
66
"Mon Seigneur;
Je repute a grand bon heur l'opportunité qui m'eft.
preſentée de baiſer les mains de voſtre Alteffe royalle, et
"la faluer de la part de mon feigneur le protecteur de la re-
"publique d'Angleterre, d'Efcoffe, et d'Irelande, avant mon
depart de ce royaume; ce que j'euffe fait plus toft, et en
"autre lieu finon que la neceffité d'attendre l'iffue de ce qui
"m'a efte donné en charge m'en avoit empefché: mais
depuis fa conclufion, j'ai tardé expres pour adjouſter à
ina fatisfaction, celle d'avoir rendu mes devoirs à voſtre
"Alteffe royalle, et lui tefinoigner l'amitie et les refpects de
fa fereniffime Alteffe mon maiſtre.'
66
(6
After Whitelocke had done fpeaking, the prince ſtayed a:
a little time, and then in french anfweared him to this.
*See ap- purpoſe *.
pendix X
for tranf-.
lation.
"Mon Seigneur l'Ambaffadeur,
1
"Ce m'auroit efté un grand trouble fi apres la conclufion
"de vos affayres en cefte court, vous aviez. efté dans l'in-
"convenience d'attendre mon arrivée en cefte place; je-
"fuis bien aiſe de me trouver ici devant voſtre depart de ce
paiis, qui m'a donné le contentement de vous.cognoiftre,
et l'occafion de tefmoigner le grand refpect que j'ai à mon
ſeigneur le protecteur et à la republique que vous fervez,
«6
6.6
66
3
66.
et
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
·205
❝et je reçois beaucoup de fatisfaction q'une amitie et alliance 1654.
"foit contractée entre ce royaume et voftre republique, de n
May 17..
"laquelle j'efpere et crois qu'elle fera pour le bien des
"deux, nations,. et pour l'intereft des proteftants.
"Il n'y a perfonne qui a plus d'eftime de mon feigneur
"le protecteur que moi, et de voftre republique, et j'ai
"tant entendu de voſtre honorable et prudent maniement,
"des affayres que vous aviez ici, que ce m'a fait defirer de
"vous.cognoiftre et d'avoir l'opportunité de converfer avec
vous, que vous m'avez prefentement alloüée, et je vous.
en remercie, et pour les refpects de mon feigneur le pro-
tecteur, que vous a pleu me prefenter en. fon nom, et
qui me font fort agréables."
66
6
6.6
After the ſpeeches were ended, the prince fpake to White-
locke to goe with him into his cabinet, which he did, and
ſtayed difcourfing there with him above an hower togither,
all the company ftaying in the outer roome: they foon. fell
into a freedome of difcourfe, butt att this time chiefly con-
cerning the affayres of England, the peace with the Dutch,
and the engliſh fleet now att fea; alſo fomwhat in perticular
to the protector, his management of affayres, and of their
late troubles; in all which Whitelocke indeavoured to give
the prince fatisfaction, without doing injury to any one.
The prince brought Whitelocke back againe to the fame
place where he mett him; and his fervants went with hima
to his coach, and the maſter of the ceremonies brought himr
to his owne houfe..
After Whitelocke was returned home, Lagerfeldt came to
him and told him, that the prince was very much pleaſed
with the difcourfe between them, and with Whitelocke's de-
portment and Lagerfeldt faid, he believed that the prince
would vifit Whitelocke to-morrow; who faid, he could not
expect
206
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. expect fuch an honor, butt was glad that any thing of his
difcourfe was gratefull to his royall highnes.
May 17.
18.
Lagerfeldt informed Whitelocke, that Grave Eric and
Lagerfeldt were to goe to Stockholme uppon fome publique
occafions, by commaund of the rickfdagh. Whitelocke
afked him what the buifnes was; butt Lagerfeldt was not
forward to declare it, nor Whitelocke to preffe it: butt he
learned from another, that the rickfdagh had deputed two
of every ſtate to goe to Stockholme, to extract, out of the
publique records and acts, the fpeciall priviledges graunted
to the people att the coronation of any king, and of the
preſent queen, which they judged fitt to be now confidered
and ratifyed before the coronation of their new king. They
were alſo to bring hither the acts of the rickfdagh, when
the prince was declared heir of the crown, and fuch other
things as pertained to this buifnes.
Whitelocke defired Lagerfeldt to doe fomwhat for him att
Stockholme, touching the fending away of his copper from
thence for England.
The ladyes, who were att Whitelocke's houſe to ſee the
entry of the prince, fent thankes to Whitelocke for his noble
treatment of them, which was done by Woolfeldt and the
maſter of the ceremonies, whom Whitelocke defired to make
his excufe to the ladyes, and to intercede with them to par-
don the affront, which Whitelocke had putt uppon them, by
intertaining fuch noble ladyes with fo meane a collation.
The maſter ſaid, he durft not deliver any fuch meffage to
them, who were fo well pleaſed with Whitelocke's treatment
of them; which appeared the more in that the lady Wool-
feldt fent to him to beftow uppon her, being great with
childe, fome of his engliſh cheeſe. Whitelocke fent her all
he
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
207
1
he had left, and to other ladyes what they defired, his 1654.
english fweet-meates and other cakes, which with them
were of great eſteeme.
Whitelocke having this forenoone vifited ſeverall fenators
and great lords, and being returned home, a fervant of the
prince, a baron of great eſteem, came to him from the
prince, to know if Whitelocke's leifure would permit to re-
ceive a vifit from his royall highnes in the afternoone. Wher-
unto Whitelocke anfweared, that, if the prince had any fer-
vice to commaund him, he would waite uppon his royall
highnes att his court; the baron replyed, that the prince
intended a vifit to Whitelocke att Whitelocke's houſe, who
faid he could not expect nor admitt of fuch a condeſcention
in the prince and high favour to him, butt that he would
waite uppon the prince in the afternoone: the baron faid,
that muft not be, butt that it was the refolution of the
prince, to teilify that extraordinary refpect to the protector
and to Whitelocke, as to come in perfon to viſit Whitelocke
att his own houfe; who faid, that, if it were the pleaſure
of the prince to have it fo, he fhould attend the receiving of
that great honor att fuch time, as his royall highnes fhould
thinke fitt to afford it to him.
Woolfeldt, and Douglas, and ſeverall others, being with
Whitelocke att dinner, they difcourfed of this extraordinary
high refpect of the prince to the protector, and to White-
locke; and faid, that it was partly occafioned by the ex-
ceptions taken by the publique minifters in this court att
the reception which the prince gave unto Whitelocke yefter-
day, beyond what he uſed to afford them of reſpect and
honor and this coming to the prince's eare, he ſaid, that
if they were offended with him for that, he would yett give
them further caufe of being difpleafed, and theruppon fent
May 18.
to
208
JOURNAL OF THE
May 18.
1654. to Whitelocke, that he would this afternoon vifit him; they
alfo informed Whitelocke, as Lagerfeldt had done, that the
prince was much fatisfyed with the difcourfe of Whitelocke
and his demeanor.
About three a'clocke in the afternoone the prince came
to Whitelocke's houfe, attended with a very great trayne:
he was in one of the queen's coaches, which was followed
by feverall of his own coaches, all with fix horfes a-piece,
and fundry gentlemen on horfeback, with the principall
officers of the court, and of the army; befides his own
gentlemen, officers, fervants, pages, and lacquayes, to a
great number, waiting on him.
It fell out to be on the day of a fayre, kept in the open
place before Whitelocke's houfe; fo that, with the people
coming to the fayre, and the prince's traync, the ſtreets
were exceedingly crowded.
As the prince alighted out of his coach, Whitelocke was
there to receive him; all the gentlemen of Whitelocke's
traine attending on him, and his fervants in livery making
a lane, about twenty on each hand, from the prince's coach
to Whitelocke's houſe, through which the prince and he
paffed; Whitelocke giving the prince the right hand, which
he fcrupled not to take in that place. They went togither
covered into Whitelocke's houfe, fate down in his bed-
chamber, and fell into much freedome of difcourfe for above
two howers togither. In the meane time, the lords and
gentlemen of the prince's trayne, being in feverall other
roomes, according to their respective qualities, Whitelocke
had taken order to be intertained by his officers and fer-
wants, not only with diſcourſe, butt with good wine brought
from
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
209
from England, and fuch collation as was then to be had, 1654.
and was pleaſing to them.
The prince and Whitelocke had variety of diſcourſes;
and Whitelocke looking uppon this as an opportunity, wher-
by he might fpeake in fuch things as might tend to the
honor of God, and which his own fubjects perhaps would
not fo plainly make known to him, Whitelocke ufed the
more freedome, and part of their diſcourſe was :
Pr. I am very glad that your affayres have permitted
you a ſtay in this place fo long as to give me the opportu-
nity of your company, wherin I take much contentment.
Wh. Your royall highnes doth very much honor me, in
eſteeming my company worth your notice; and heerin you
are pleaſed to teſtify great reſpect to the protector my
mafter, and to the common-wealth whom I ferve.
Pr. I have a very true honor for the protector, and for
England, where I have bin, and account it one of the beſt
countryes in the world.
Wh. It is indeed, Sir, a very good countrey, and
honored by your knowledge of it, and having bin uppon it.
Pr. Butt I doubt that, by your late troubles, it may be
much damaged.
Wh. Truely, Sir, God hath fo ordered it, that theſe deſo-
lations, which uſually attend on war, eſpecially a civill war,
have not bin fo much in our countrey as others have felt,
who have bin plunged in thoſe miſeryes.
D d
VOL. II.
Pr.
May 18.
210
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 18.
Pr. It is a great bleffing to you, especially confidering
your change hath bin fo great, and your troubles fo lafting.
Wh. Our troubles indured a long time; butt, bleſſed be
God, att prefent we injoy peace and fettlement after our
changes. The difcourfe heer is now altogither of the vo-
luntary change like to be in your highnes's countrey.
Pr. Her majefty is pleafed to take a reſolution to reſigne
her governement, and I am commaunded hither uppon that
occafion, though altogither unfought for by me.
Wh. You are, Sir, every way worthy of it, and the more
for not feeking it; and being the will of God is to bring
you to fuch an increaſe of power, as to the royall dignity,
it will turne moft to your own, and your people's good, to
imploy your power to the honor of him that gives it, and
to preferre his fervice by whom kings reigne, before any
other concernements.
Pr. I must acknowledge that, throughout the whole courfe
of my life, God hath bin very good to me; and I am the
more ingaged to honor him, and to doe him fervice, in any
ſtation wherin he ſhall be pleaſed to ſett me.
Wh. Your royall highneſs will be pleaſed to pardon my
freedome of ſpeaking to you, what I underſtand may be
moſt for the honor of God, and your fervice.
Pr. Such difcourfe is moſt pleaſing to me, efpecially from
a perſon of fuch piety and honor, as I efteem you to be, and
who can have no private ends therby.
Wh.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
211
Wh. We have obferved in England, and it is fo every 1654.
where, that the bleffing of God followes thofe that ferve
him.
Pr. That is a true rule; butt our fervice muſt be in heart,
and not in profeffion or outward fhew only.
Wh. It is true, that the ennemies of the parlement uſe
to reproach them with hippocrify in their profeffion of re-
ligion, and with their preaching to their foldiers; yett, that
our profeffion is reall, doth appear fomwhat in this, that the
bleffing of God hath accompanyed our profeffion, and our
practile and when our ennemies are in debauchery, and
injuring the people, our officers and foldiers meet togither,
exhorting one another out of the fcripture, and praying to-
gither; and God hath given his bleffing theruppon.
Pr. I doe very well approve that courſe, and your pro-
fellion and practice in matters of religion; butt we heare of
too much difference of opinion among you in thoſe matters.
Wh. We have indeed too much difference of opinion
among us in matters of religion; butt yett the publique
peace is not broken, butt carefully preſerved.
Pr. Butt if there be not an uniformity among you in
thole matters, your peace will be indaungered.
Wh. We doe not yett find that daunger; and we looke
uppon it as a liberty, due to all chriftians, to take what way
of worſhip they thinke beft for the good of their own fouls.
Pr. Suppofe the way they take be not agreeable to the
word of God?
May 18.
Dd 2
wb.
==
:
212
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 18.j
Wh. The confequence therof will be their own mifery.
Pr. Butt fhould not the magiftrate leade them and con-
ftraine them in the right way ?
Wh. We hold the better way to be, by meeke exhorta-
tions and inftructions, to indeavour to reclayme them from
any error, and not by force to compell mens confciences,
as is uſed in thefe parts.
Pr. What if mild means will not worke uppon them?
Wh. They will have the worft of it; butt as long as they
doe not breake the publique peace, it is hard for the ma-
giftrate imperioufly to commaund and force his brethren to
worſhip God after his opinion; and it is not imaginable that
he fhould take more care of mens fouls than they them-
felves, whofe confciences ought to be free.
Pr. We are fomwhat ſtrict in this point in our countrey.
Wh. Butt I have heard that your royal highnes hath
fhowed moderation, and indulged this liberty in other
countreys where you commaunded.
Pr. I did not think fitt to be ſo ſevere in this point in
Germany, as we are in Sweden.
Wh. I thinke your highnes did therin according to the
mind of God, who will not have a reſtraint uppon his chil-
dren in the worſhip of him; and I hope you will in time
take off the ſeverity of your lawes heer in this perticular.
Pr.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
213
Pr. I am no friend to ſeverity of lawes uppon mens con-
ſciences; butt reformation among us is not foon to be
brought about, where there hath bin a long uſage of the
contrary,
Wh. In England we have of late obtained great refor-
mation in many things, perticularly touching the obferva-
tion of the Lord's day; and pardon me, Sir, if I wiſh the
like reformation in this kingdome, and that the Lord's day
were not fo much neglected, nay prophaned, as I have
feen in this place. I hope, and humbly adviſe your royall
highnes, that, when God fhall place you in the foveraignty
over this people, you will take care to provide a remedy and
reformation heerin, and alio of that fin of exceffive drink-
ing and fwearing, with which the people are fo much in-
fected, and which may caufe a feare, left the anger of God
fhould goe forth againſt this nation; butt it will be very
much in your power to apply a fitt remedy to theſe evills,
and doubtles God will require it att your hands, as his
vicegerent.
Pr. I have not heard many foldiers difcourfe in this
ftraine; butt I like it well, and it becomes you, and I hope
God will affift me, if he fhall call me to the governement of
this people, to acquit my duety to him, and to his people,
for the reftraining of thefe fins, which, I acknowledge, are
too common among us.
654•
May 18.
Wh. In doing fo, you will render fervice to God, and
find his bleffing to accompany fuch moft pious, molt
honorable, and truely royall indeavors; and I hope your
highnes will not thinke, amiffe of this liberty which your
fervant hath taken to fpeake to you of theſe things.
Pr.
!
214
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 18.
Pr. I am fo farre from thinking amiffe of it, or taking
in ill part what you have faid to me, that I doe moft heartily
thanke you for it, and doe promife that I fhall be mindfull
to putt in practice the good councell you have given me, as
foon as it ſhall pleaſe God to give me an opportunity for it,
and that the temper of this people will beare it; being con-
vinced of the duety which lyes uppon me heerin, and the
fervice and honor which will therby be done to God, and
to the people of this kingdome, both in reſpect to their
temporall and eternall eftate.
}
Wh. I am very glad to find your royall highnes fo fenfible
heerof, and fhall humbly and earneftly leave it to your
thoughts.
Pr. I hope I ſhall not forgett it.
They had other difcourfe touching the princes and ſtates
of Christendome, perticularly of the houfe of Auſtria, and
of the defigne of the papifts againſt the proteftants; the
which, and the increaſe of the intereft of Rome, White-
locke faid, could not be better prevented then by a con-
junction of the proteftants; to which the prince fully
agreed.
The prince tooke his leave of Whitelocke, with very great
reſpect and civility.`
R
After the prince was gone, there came to Whitelocke
Grave Eric Oxenstierne, and Lagerfeldt, to take their leaves
of Whitelocke, they being to goe to Stockholme by com-
maund of the rickfdagh; and Grave Eric gave unto White-
locke a paper in french of damage fuftained by a fwedifl
ſhip taken and brought into London, which he recom-
mended
3
+
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
215
mended to Whitelocke to be a means that fatisfaction might 1.654.
be procured.
Whitelocke being informed, that now, att the court,
among
other folemnities and intertainements to wellcome
the prince, the gallants ufed the exercife and recreation
of running att the ringe, a pleaſure noble and uſefull as to
military affayres, improving horfemanſhip, and teaching
the guidance of the launce, a weapon ſtill uſed by horfemen
in theſe parts of the world; this generous exercife hav-
ing been in ufe in England in Whitelocke's memory,
who had feen the lords, in prefence of the king and
queen, and a multitude of fpectators, in the tilt-yards
att Whitehall, and att St. James's houfe, where the king,
when he was prince, ufed alfo that recreation: it made
Whitelocke the more defirous to fee the fame againe, and
whither, as they ufed it heer, it were the fame with that
he had feen in England. He went incognito in the coach
of generall Douglas, without any of his trayne, to the
place where the running att the ring was.
He would not goe into the roome where the queen, and
prince, and great lords were, butt fate below in a roome
where the judges of the courfe were, with divers other gen-
tlemen; who though they knew Whitelocke very well, yett
ſeeing him caft his cloake over his fhoulder, as defiring not
to be knowne, they would take no notice of him; a civility
in thefe and other countryes ufuall.
The fenator Vanderlin, Grave Tot, and the baron Stein-
bergh, were the challengers to all the reft; and of the other
part were marſhall Wrangell, Grave Jacob de la Guarde,
and nine or ten others: all were well mounted; Wrangell
uppon
May 18.
216
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. uppon an engliſh horſe, given him by Whitelocke; their
cloathes, fcarfes, feathers, and all accoutrements, both of
men and horſe, were very gallant.
May 18.
19.
They ran for a prize which the queen had ordained, and
they comported themſelves with much activenes and bravery;
and it was the fame exerciſe which Whitelocke had formerly
feen in his own countrey.
Woolfeldt vifited Whitelocke in the morning, and brought
with him a paper concerning the Sundt, written in french
with his own hand; wherin he ſhowed much affection to the
protector and to England, and as much diftaft to his own
countrey: the paper Whitelocke layd up and tranſcribed in
a larger treatiſe.
Woolfeldt acquainted Whitelocke, that the publique mi-
nifters in this court difcourfed much of the extraordinary
refpect showed by the prince to the engliſh ambaffador, both
in his reception and the prince's vifit to him. And perticu-
larly the daniſh ambaſſador was greatly difcontented, and
faid, that never any ambaſſador had that honor done him
before, and it was fo farre beyond what he had received,
that he knew not how to beare it; that the intertainment
of publique minifters of the fame character ought to be
with the fame ceremony, and not one to be preferred, fo
much as the engliſh ambaſſador had bin, before others of
equall quality with him; and much matter of complaint of
that nature which being reported to the prince, he faid,
that neither the danifh ambaffador, nor any other publique
miniſter, had caufe to complaine, that he had not given them
the refpect due to their feverall qualities; and if he, out of
a perticular affection to the english protector and ambaſſador,
had a mind to expreffe more than ordinary perticular re-
ſpects
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
217
May 19.
ſpects to them, it was no wrong or caufe of complaint to 1654.
any other publique minifter, who had what was due to him,
bicauſe another had perhaps more then was due to him;
and he faid, he underſtood not why his condition fhould
render him leffe capable then other gentlemen to fhow per-
ticular reſpects, where they did beare a perticular affection.
Generall Douglas, a ſcottiſh gentleman, in great favour
and honor in this countrey, came late this year to the court,
being hindered by a violent ague uppon his coming hither:
he made frequent vifits to Whitelocke, and expreffed much
of reſpect and civility to him as his countryman.
This day Whitelocke was to dine with Douglas by a
folemn invitation; and, during the whole time of his re-
fidence in this court, he never was invited to any of their
tables, butt now to Douglas, and before to Grave Eric, not-
withſtanding the freedome of his table to moſt of them.
With Whitelocke were invited his two fons, Potley, Beake,
and Croke; there they mett Grave John Oxenſtierne, Wran-
gell, Wittenbergh, Bundt, Horne, Vanderlin, colonell Ban-
nier, and one of the prince's fervants; of theſe, that thus
mett, nine had bin in commiffion as generalls, two of
the Engliſh, and of the Swedes feven, which was noted as
very obfervable.
They fate at table in the fame manner as they did at Grave
Eric's intertainement; Whitelocke in the midſt of the table,
the company in their rankes on either fide, and all the dinner
they fate bare.
The intertainment was very high and noble, as could be
had in this place, and four courfes very full, which made a
VOL. II.
E e
long
218
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. long dinner, in which time Whitelocke was follicited often
to begin and pledge healths, which he would not doe, butt
May 19. left others to their liberty, as he deſired his. The healths
they dranke among themſelves were in large beer glaſſes of
facke, which made them difcourfe the more freely; and moſt
of it was of England and the late troubles there, of per-
ticular paffages of the warre, of Scotland, of the fleet now
att fea, and the dutch treaty; in all which Whitelocke gave
them fome fatisfaction, as they did to him, touching the
queen's refignation, the prefent rickfdagh, and the new king's
coronation.
The fame gentleman, who had bin before from the prince
with Whitelocke, a baron of great account, firft gentleman
of the prince's bed-chamber, a proper well accompliſhed
perfon, came to Whitelocke, by commaund of the prince,
with remembrance of his highnes's hearty reſpects and
affection to Whitelocke: after fome complements paſt, the
baron tooke out of his pockett a little boxe of crimfon
velvet, and told Whitelocke, that his royal highnes had
commaunded him to prefent to Whitelocke that token of
the prince's love and refpects to him; and, opening the boxe,
flowed to Whitelocke a noble jewell, a cafe of gold, enam-
melled; the one fide of it fett thicke all over with diamonds,
fome of them fayre ones; and on the other fide was the
prince's picture, lively and well taken.
The baron faid to Whitelocke, that the prince defired his
excuſe, bicaufe, in fo fhort a time, he could not procure a
better prefent; butt he defired Whitelocke to accept of this
as a teftimony of his affection to him.
Whitelocke anfweared, that he had not merited fo much
favour from his royall highnes, butt defired the baron to re-
turne
SWEDISHA MBASSY.
219
turne his hearty thankes to the prince, which he would alſo 1654.
doe himſelfe, when he had the honor to come in his
preſence.
Uppon this occafion Whitelocke tooke account of the
prefents which he had in this court, befides the ſeverall and
many gratuityes and rewards which he had formerly beſtow-
ed on many of the queen's inferior fervants, as mufitians,
guards, pages, lacquays, trumpetts, coachmen, wardrobe
men, and others; to whom he had bin liberall, to a con-
fiderable ſome, neceſſary in his judgement to be done for
the honor of his nation, and agreeable to what had bin
conſtantly by ambaffadors there before him.
Befides thefe fmaller matters, firſt, he ſent to the queen
eight blacke engliſh ſtone horſes, very hanſome, large, brave,
and uſefull horfes for the coach, and now in good cafe; four
faddle horſes he had formerly preſented to her, all of them
were in this place worth to be folde 1000 1. The looking
glaſſe, which he gave the queen when fhe was his valentine,
was worth 100l. befides an engliſh bible richly bound,
engliſh ſtuffes, a cabinet of ſpirits, and other ſmaller
prefents.
The queen's officers gave no reward to Whitelocke's gen-
tleman of his horfe, the clerke of his ſtable, or to his coach-
man and people that carryed them, though it was prefumed
that the queen had ordered it, as ſhe had done uppon other
the like occafions.
feven bay engliſh
To the prince Whitelocke preſented ſeven bay
ftone horſes, very hanfome and ferviceable for the coach;
for which the prince returned many thankes, being moſt
acceptable to him, as he expreft, and ſent a chayne of gold
Ee 2
of
May 19
220
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. of the value of 200 ducketts to captain Crifpe, yeoman of
Whitelocke's ftables, and twenty-five ducketts to the fervants
May 19. of Whitelocke's ftable. To the prince Whitelocke alſo pre-
fented a young engliſh guelding of Fenwicke's breed, very
hanfome and mettlefome; the more eſteemed by White-
locke, and afterwards by the prince, when he heard that it
had bin given to Whitelocke by his generall.
!
!
To the old chancellor Whitelocke prefented a hogfhead of
good Canary wine, and a ſober, hanſome, ftrong, well-
paced engliſh padde nagge, and one of his richeſt faddles :
to Wrangell he gave an engliſh guelding; to Tot another
to Wittenbergh another; to Steinbergh another; to Douglas
another; and to fuch of the great men as the queen directed.
To Lagerfeldt he gave a clocke, excellently made, which
he uſed to have conftantly with him.
To fecretary Canterſtein, he ſent his fecretary Earle, with
a filver ftandifh, curiouſly wrought; att fight of which
Canterſtein ſeemed much difcontented, till Earle fhowed
him the manner of opening the ftandiſh, and in it forty
pieces of engliſh gold, of Jacobuffes, which made the pre-
fent very acceptable.
In like manner, Whitelocke fent to the maſter of the
ceremonies an engliſh bever hatt, with a gold hat-band,
and a payre of rich engliſh gloves; att which the mafter
feemed offended, faying, that ambaffadors ufed to fend
better preſents to the maſter of ceremonies; butt, being de-
fired to trye if the gloves would fitt him, he found therin
forty twenty filling pieces of engliſh gold, and therby
much fatisfaction in the prefent.
i
To
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
221
To Grave Eric's lady, Whitelokce preſented a clocke of 1654.
the new make, to hang by the wall, fett in ebony, with
rich ftuddes of filver.
To la Belle Comteffe, the lady Jane Ruthen, and other
ladyes, he prefented engliſh gloves, ribbons, filke ftockins,
and the like, which are of great account with them.
All the prefents, given away by Whitelocke in this court,
were eſtimated above 3000 l. and the jewells and copper
beſtowed on him were neer the fame value; fo that none
could accufe him to be a receiver of rewards, or that he had
enriched himſelfe by this imployment.
Whitelocke had defired this day another audience of the
prince, to take his leave; and towards the evening, the maſter
of the ceremonies came with two of the queen's coaches, and
brought Whitelocke to the prince's lodging, who received
him with the like or greater refpect than he had done
before; they went directly togither to the prince's cabinet,
where two chayres were fett. They difcourfed about halfe
an hower uppon the fame fubjects as their laft difcourfe was;
and now alfo Whitelocke earnestly adviſed the prince to
thoſe things, which would tend to the honor of God and to
the reformation of diforders, drunkennes, fwearing, and
prophanation of the Lord's day, which, Whitelocke told him,
God would require att his hands to fee reformed, when he
fhould be called to the governement of this kingdome, with
much to the like effect; efteeming it feafonable for him to
take this opportunity of preffing thefe things to the prince,
as he alfo did liberty of confcience, and what he hoped was
for promoting the intereſt of Chriſt in theſe countryes.
May 19,
The
222
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 19.
The prince gave good eare to theſe things, and feemed
fencible of what was fayd to him; and, by his anfwears,
gave hopes, that, when he ſhould come to the opportunity,
he would indeavor the reformation of thoſe great reigning
fins in his countrey, wherof he profeſſed his own deteftation.
Whitelocke going to take his leave, the prince defired
him to ſtay longer, as pleaſed with the difcourfe on this
fubject; butt Whitelocke was defired by the maſter of the
ceremonies not to continue longer with the prince, bicauſe
the queen ſtayed within purpoſely for Whitelocke's comming
to her att his parting, the prince defired Whitelocke to
teſtify his reſpects to the protector and common-wealth of
England; and told Whitelocke, that he might affure him-
felfe of a moſt intire affection to his perſon, from the prince,
who wiſhed him a happy returne to his own countrey.
From the prince Whitelocke made a viſit to the queen :
Grave Tot conducted him to her bed-chamber, where they
difcourfed about halfe an hower touching her majefty's
affayres.
She againe mentioned her purpoſe of going to the Spae,
and to goe thither by land; fhe defired Whitelocke not to
fpeake much of it: the faid, that perhaps fhe might yett
fee him at Stockholme; butt, if ſhe did not, that ſhe would
write a letter to the protector, and fend it thither to White-
locke, uppon the fubject of which they had formerly
fpoken.
Whitelocke adviſed her, as he had done before, and pro-
miſed to take care of her letter to the protector, and to im-
prove his intereft the beſt he could, for effecting what her
majefty deſired, in cafe there fhould be occafion for it.
4
She
;
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
223
May 19.
She thanked Whitelocke for his advice, wherwith fhe 1654.
feemed to be pleaſed, and refolved to obſerve it; and ex-
preſſed very great reſpect and affection to the protector, and
to Whitelocke, whom fhe defired to affure the protector, in
her majeſty's name, of the fincere affection and honor which
fhe did beare him, and which fhe fhould continue in what-
foever condition fhe fhould be: fhe wifhed Whitelocke a
happy voyage, and with many complements, full of great
reſpect and civility, butt not fo chearfull as formerly; fſhe
twice gave him her hand to kiffe, and fo tooke leave of
him.
From the court, Whitelocke went and vifited the chan-
cellor, and delivered to him (what he had before promiſed
and was putt in mind to doe), an ingagement under his
hand to procure a fupply of the defect of power, which
they excepted to in his commiffion: the ingagement was
thus.
"Polliceor planam me mihi potentiam ac facultatem
procuraturum à fua fereniffima celfitudine domino meo,
"domino protectore reipublicæ Angliæ, Scotia, et Hi-
"berniæ, intra trimestre fpatium ab appulfu meo in quem-
"libet portum Angliæ, ad fupplendum qualemcunq; de-
"fectum facultatis ac potentia mihi antehac datæ, ad trac-
"tandum cum fereniflima majeftate fua regina Sueciæ,
aut commiffariis fuis, et ad rata habenda omnia, quæ inter
majeftatem fuam, vel fuos commiffarios, et me conclufa
"fuerint.
66
<<
Datum Ubfaliæ 18. Maii, anno Domini 1654 *. * See ap-
pendix Y
for tranf
lation.
"BULSTRODE WHITELOCKE."
The chancellor and Whitelocke fell into difcourfe touch-
ing their rickſdagh; part wherof follows.
Wb.
224
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. Wh. I received much fatisfaction in the favour of being
admitted to fee the manner of the meeting and proceedings of
May 19. your rickſdagh, and ſhall be glad to be inftructed by you
touching fome of the paffages of it.
Ch. I fhall be ready to informe you the beſt I can in theſe
matters; and I have had ſome experience in them.
Wh. In that, and all other matters touching the governe-
ment of this kingdom, I believe no man's experience or
judgement will be oppofed to yours: I pray, father, lett me
know the ground of propofalls being made by the queen to
the rickſdagh, and whither it be, as I have heard, that they
confult of nothing butt what is firſt propofed to them by
the queen.
Ch. That is very true, and is the ground of our quiet,
and of avoyding factions among us; for where a councell
confifts of 700 or 800 men, as our rickſdagh doth, and
they hold themſelves to have an equall liberty and power,
and are most of them active fpirits ;
them active ſpirits; if every one
amongst them might move and propound what he pleaſed,
according to his own fancy, there would never be an end
of propofalls and debates, and they would breake out into
feverall factions, and the greater affayres of the kingdome
be retarded, and many times thruft out, to make way for
leſſer matters, for the moſt part butt of private intereſt :
therfore the wifdome of our governement hath fo ordered
it, that nothing is to be confulted uppon or debated by the
rickſdagh, butt what is firft propoſed to them in writing by
the king, who hath the advice of the fenators therin ; and
ſuch matters, as are by them judged neceſſary for the good of
the kingdom, are by the king propoſed to the rickſdagh for
their counfell in them.
Wh.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
225
May 19.
Wh. This may be a good way to preferve your quiet; 1654.
butt may it not be ill for the rights and liberty of the people?
As to inſtance in perticular; if it be requifite that a new
law be made relating to the people's liberty, wherin the
former lawes may be defective, by this courfe it refts only
in the power of the king and fenate, whither this matter
fhall ever come to confideration or not: for, unleffe they will
propound it, no confideration can be had of it; and though
it may be neceffary as to the peoples rights, yett then pro-
bably it may be againſt the king's power, and in that cafe
the king will never propoſe it to the rickſdagh, bicauſe it
makes againſt his power and prærogative; and fo the people
are by this courfe debarred of the means of ſupplying any
defect, as to their rights and liberties, unleſſe the king, to
leffen his own power, will firſt propoſe it to them.
Ch. This were an inconvenience, if the people's rights
and libertyes were not already fetled; butt, by our lawes, the
boundaries of the king's power and of the people's rights
are fufficiently known and eſtabliſhed; as the king can
make no law, nor alter or repeale any, nor impoſe any taxe,
nor compell men to goe out of the kingdome, without the
affent of the rickfdagh: and in that councell, which is fu-
preame in this kingdome, every man's vote and aſſent is in-
cluded, by the deputies of the clergy, burroughs, and
boores, which are refpectively elected, and by the chiefes of
the nobility; fo that all forts of people have their flare, either
in perſon or by their deputies, in the fupreame councell of
the kingdome, by whom only thofe great matters can be
done; and, this being certain and fettled, any alteration in
thofe points tends butt to further incertainty and mifchiefe.
And if debates might be had of additions to the king's power,
or to the people's liberty, it would butt occafion attempts
of incroaching of one uppon the other, and bring trouble
VOL. II.
Ff
and
226
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. and uncertainty to both: wheras, they being already clearly
V defined and knowne, and that there is no meanes of alter-
May 19.
ing either of them, both the king and people are content
with what they have, and indeavour nothing of difquiet
unto either.
Wh. Butt this further debarres the people from having
any new law att all made, except fuch only as the king fhall
thinke fitt, for he only can propoſe them; and it is a ne-
cellary thing to fupply defects in lawes, and to make new
ones, according as times and circumftances, varying, ſhall
minifter occafion.
Ch. There is nothing more prejudiciall to any governe-
ment then multitude of lawes, which is prevented by this
courfe of ours; nor is there any neceffity of new lawes,
where both the publique rights and private men's property
are provided for by the lawes in being, which, in all nations,
is from the originall of their civill ſettlement taken care of:
and though time and variety of accidents may occafion fome
defects in old lawes, yett it is better they ſhould be borne
with then an inundation of new lawes to be lett in, which
cauſeth incertainty, ignorance, different expofitions, and re-
pugnancyes in the lawes, and are the parents of contention.
Wh. Butt I fuppofe your rickſdagh hath liberty to com-
plain of mal-adminiſtration, and corruption in officers and
judges, and to puniſh them, and cauſe redreſſe of grievances;
elfe the people are remedileſs againſt thofe publique crimes,
without the grace and favour of the prince to doe it of him-
felfe, which every prince in all times will not doe.
Ch. The rickfdagh may complaine to the king of any
offence or miſdemeanor committed by any great officer,
and
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
227
May 19.
and of any publique grievance to the people; wheruppon 1654.
the king and fenate are very ready (as it behoves them in
juſtice and prudence) to give a remedy, which they are the
more induced to doe, bicaufe, otherwife the people's depu-
ties, who have the power of the purfe, may be the more
backward to fupply the king's occafions with money, or
men; and this is a good tye, uppon the court, to procure
juſtice and redreffe of grievances.
per-
Wh. Your lawes are founded uppon great reafon and
prudence; and in thefe, and moft other main
parts and
ticulars of them, our's are the fame in England; butt a li-
berty of propofing any thing in our parlement belongs to
every member of it.
Ch. That hath bin a great occaſion of all your troubles.
Wh. I expected to have heard my father, the ricks
chancellor, to have made a harangue in the rickſdagh, to
have acquainted them (as it is with us) with the caufes of
their meeting.
Ch. I confeffe it belongs to my place to have done it; butt,
by reaſon of an oath I had taken to my king, to indeavour
to keep the crown on his daughter's head, and this aſſembly
was called that he might refigne it; therfore, I defired to
be excufed from making that propofall.
Wh. Indeed her majefty fpake herfelfe with an excellent
grace and ſpirit, which was a wonder to ſee it done by a
young lady to fo great and grave an affembly; and the
matter of her fpeech, as it was interpreted to me, was per-
tinent and full of weight.
F f 2
Cha
228
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 19.
Ch. Indeed the fpake very well, and materially, and like
a prince.
Wh. I am forry my time calles me away from further in-
joyment of my father's excellent converfation.
Ch. I fhall be glad if my noble fon would afford me more
of his company, in which I take fo much contentment.
Wh. My journey to-morrow haftens me away, and oc-
cafions your leffe trouble.
Ch. I pray affure the protector of the reſpect and high
value I have for him, and of my devoted mind to ferve
him in any thing, within my power, in this kingdome.
Wh. You have bin pleafed largely to teftify this in my
tranfactions, and your noble favours and reſpects to your
fon.
Ch. You may be confident of my affection and love to
you; and I defire you to be a friend to my countrymen in
England, and to take uppon you their patronage in all juſt
caufes.
Wh. I fhall be ready uppon all occafions to performe all
good offices to your excellence, and to your family, and to all
of this nation; and fhall fatisfy the protector of your af-
fections for him, and of your kindnes to his fervant.
Ch. I am now an old man; and, whileft I continue alive,
I ſhall doe all that lyes in my power to ſerve the protector
and the common-wealth of England, and fhall imbrace your
excellence
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
229
excellence with a ſpeciall bond of friendſhip, and will leave t654.
it in charge to my fons, when I am dead, to doe the
fame.
Wh. I fhall alfo injoyne my children to continue that
obligation of friendſhip, which I have contracted with your
excellence and your family.
Ch. I fhall butt adde this further, to pray to God that, of
his mercy, he would vouchſafe to you a profperous returne
to your own countrey, and that you may find there all
your family and friends in a comfortable and happy con-
dition.
Thus the chancellor and Whitelocke tooke leave of one
another, with as much kindnes and refpect as could be
expreffed.
Whitelocke being returned to his houfe, Grave John Ox-
enftierne came to vifit him; and having heard that White-
locke tooke it ill, that he had putt off a vifit deſired by
Whitelocke to this high Grave, yett now he was pleafed
to defcend to excufe it to Whitelocke, bicaufe his lodging
was ſtreight and inconvenient, not fitt to receive a perfon
of Whitelocke's quality, and that his lady was att that time
very much indiſpoſed in health.
The fenator Benk Scute came in the evening to vifit
Whitelocke, and difcourfed freely with him touching the
queen's refignation and their new king; and did not teſtify
much of respect to the chancellor by informing Whitelocke,
that yeſterday, att the caſtle, there was a great rubbe (as
he called it) given by the queen to the chancellor, before
May 19.
the
230
JOURNAL OF THE
May 19.
1654 the prince and the reft of the fenators: the occafion wherof
was about the ifland of Elfey, which the queen defired as
part of her provifion, to which the chancellor faid, that it
was worthy the confideration; the queen replyed, what is
my integrity then queftioned? The chancellor anfweared,
that he did not queſtion her majeſty's integrity, butt ſpake
only for her fecurity, and better fatisfaction in what fhe
defired: the queen faid, I underſtand ſwediſh well enough,
and it was not becomming you to queſtion my integrity
att all.
Scute faid, that att this paſſage the reſt of the ſena-
tors were pleaſed, and that the prince feemed in this, and
all other occafions, to be of the queen's mind, and to
graunt her more rather then leffe of what ſhe deſired; which
was wiſdome in him.
Senator Vanderlin vifited Whitelocke, and, among other
difcourfes, acquainted him the paffages of the propofall for
the queen to have marryed the prince; that, for this pur-
pofe, the prince was fent for out of Germany, and the
queen feemed inclinable to the match: yett, after the
prince was come, fhe ufed him with a ftrangeness, which
was occafioned by the whiſperings of Grave Magnus de la
Guarde to the queen; that, when the prince was in Ger-
many, he was too familiar with fome ladyes, who uſed to
come into his bed-chamber when he was in bed and to ſtay
there, and that the prince uſed to take his pleaſure with
them; att which information (he faid) the queen was fo
enraged, that the prince fhould goe to other women, that
fhe theruppon refolved not to marry him, butt was other-
wife very courteous and full of refpect to hinr.
Whitelocke did not diſpute the authenticknes of this re-
lation, butt wondered att it from a fenator, touching him
6
who
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
231
who was to be a king, and to uſe ſo much freedome on fuch 1654.
a fubject to a ftranger.
:
Generall Douglas, the ricks admirall, and fenator Bielke,
alfo vifited Whitelocke this evening while Vanderlin was
with him they difcourfed of the difcontent which the
dutch refident expreffed before his going away, bicauſe
more refpect was fhowed to Whitelocke by the queen and
prince, and by the fenators and great men heer, then they
had flowed to the dutch refident, who faid, he was a pub-
lique miniſter as well as the engliſh ambaſſador.
Whitelocke faid, it was true, as the dutch refident had
remembred, that he was a publique minifter; and it might
be fuppofed, that, being fo, he fhould underſtand the diffe-
rence between a refident and an ambaſſador extraordinary;
and alſo between the common-wealth of the united pro-
vinces of the Netherlands, and that of England, Scotland,
and Ireland.
The ſwediſh lords replyed, that if the dutch refident did
not underſtand it, nor himfelfe, that yett it was fufficiently
knowne in this place, and that the refident was butt
laughed att for his exceptions, as being without caufe, and
fhowing his want of experience in matters of this nature.
After the ricks admirall and Bielke were gone, Vander-
lin and Douglas ftayed with Whitelocke and uſed great
freedome of difcourfe with him, expreffing extraordinary
reſpect to the protector and common-wealth of England,
and very much affection and kindnes to Whitelocke, in
whom they expreffed great confidence.
They
May 19.
232
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 19.
20.
They ſtayed with him till paſt twelve a'clocke att night,
inconvenient in reſpect of his intended journey the next
day; butt their company was very pleaſing, and they tooke
leave with great civility and kindnes from each to other of
them.
Whitelocke began his longed for journey of returne to
England. He had taken his leave of the queen, prince, ſe-
nators, and all his friends in Ubfale. His buifnes (through
the goodnes of God) was fucceffefully diſpatched; himſelfe,
and all his people, in good health, and exceeding joyfull
to be on their journey homewards.
He left not a penny of debt to any in this countrey, nor
any unrewarded who had done him ſervice: for his hoſpi-
tality, wherin no ambaſſador in this court ever exceeded
him, for his converfation and dealing with all forts of
people, he had gained their love, and left no ill name be-
hind him.
The greateſt part of his baggage, and moft of his infe-
rior fervants, were on board a great hoy of the queen's to
goe by water to Stockholme: he and the reſt of his people
went by land, in order to which, uppon his defire, the
hoff ſtalle mafter, by the queen's commaund, had ſent
yeſterday fix coach-horſes to be ready in the midway from
Ubfale to Stockholme, and this morning he fent fix other
horſes, with Whitelocke's blew coach to his lodging, to
carry him the firſt halfe way of this dayes journey, driven
by the queen's coachman.
Berkman had provided a fufficient number of faddle-
horfes (if they might be fo called), he having forgott to
caufe
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
233
}
May 20.
caufe faddles to be brought with them for Whitelocke's 1654.
people, fo that moſt of them were forced to make ſhift with y
ftrawe and cushions inftead of faddles ; and many of the
bits and ſtyrops were fuch as they had bin acquainted with
in their journey from Gothenbergh hither: and thus they
rode the two firſt ſtages.
Whitelocke tooke coach between ſeven and eight a'clocke
in the morning, Sir George Fletewood, Potley, Ingelo,
and Andrewes, in his coach with him; the reft on horfe-
backe they came, about noone, to the place where frefh
horſes ſtayed for them, and did not tarry long there, want-
ing good intertainement; butt, taking freſh horſes both for
coach and faddle, they proceeded in their journey.
The country, through which they paft, was better then
that neer the fea, leffe rocky and more fruitfull, not fo re-
plenifhed with feats of the nobility further off, as neerer to
Stockholme.
By the way they mett generall Axy Lyllye, a fenator of
Sweden, newly returned out of Germany, and another fe-
nator with him; they alighted out of their coach when
Whitelocke came neer them, who, feeing that, did alight
alfo the generall had loſt one of his legges in the german
warres, and now carryed one of wood; he and his com-
panion were very civil in their falutation and difcourfe
with Whitelocke, and, after complements, and inquiry
by Whitelocke of the german newes, they tooke leave and
parted.
Whitelocke and his company arrived between five and
fix a'clocke in the evening att Stockholme, the journey
being feven fwedifh leagues, about forty english miles. As
VOL. II.
G g
he
234
JOURNAL OF THE
May 20.
1654. he came in the fuburbes, he faw a fad fight of many houſes
lately burnt downe, and fome pulled downe to prevent
the further raging of the fire, which had confumed many
ſcores of houſes in that place; and it brought to White-
locke's remembrance, that, one evening att Ubfale, in his
chamber windowe, he faw a great fire in a dorpe, about
halfe a league from the towne, which he obſerved, almoſt
in a moment, to flaſh from one end of the dorpe to the
other, confuming all in its way, and thus it was faid to
have bin in theſe fuburbes: the reafon therof is, the com-
buſtible matter, wherof their houſes are built, being of firre
timber and boards, which (eſpecially being old) doe fud-
deinly take fire, and violently burne, hard to be quenched,
few houſes eſcaping (eſpecially in the dorpes) where one is
on fire; which caufeth more then ordinary care in the in-
habitants of all places to prevent that fearfull daunger.
21.
Berkman conducted Whitelocke to a lodging in the
fuburbes, over againſt the caſtle, which was uſed for an
inne.
This being poſt night, Whitelocke made up his diſpatches
for England, which he had prepared att Ubfale, where he
wrote his letters, butt dated them from Stockholme, that
his friends in England might therby perceive that he was in
his journey homewards, which he knew would be no ſmalle
contentment to them.
Being the Lord's day, divers Scotts marchants, inhabi-
tants of this citty, and fome Engliſh, came to Whitelocke's
lodging to hear the fermon in the morning, and many of
them did him the honor to dine with him; he had confe-
rence with them, and good advice from them, about his
voyage to England, and other matters.
Lager-
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
235
*
Lagerfeldt came alfo to falute Whitelocke, and to know 1654.
what ſervice he had for him, before his going from hence
this evening. Whitelocke defired him to ſpeake to the maſter May 21.
of the cuſtomes, touching the ſhipping of his copper, and
other goods, cuftome free; and Whitelocke prayed Lager-
feldt alſo to ſpeake to vice admirall Wrangell, that the
ſhip appointed for his tranſportation (which was now in the
roade in view of Whitelocke's lodging) might, with as
much ſpeed as could be, fall downe to the Dollars; which
he promiſed to doe.
Wrangell fent to invite Whitelocke to goe this afternoon
to ſee the ſhips, butt Whitelocke excuſed it, by reaſon of
the day; and fent word that to-morrow, if he pleaſed, he
would wait on him; and defired his advice, touching his
voyage.
In the evening Lagerfeldt came againe to Whitelocke'
to give him an account what he had done by his appoint
ment, and told Whitelocke, that he fhould have all con-
tentment. With Lagerfeldt came Monf. de Geeres to vifit
Whitelocke, who gave him thankes for a veffell of claret
wine which de Geeres had fent to Whitelocke, who faid,
he hoped he ſhould not ftay long enough to drinke it out
in this place.
Att Ubfale, Whitelocke was carryed to fee the queen's
garden, which fcarce deferved that name, being only a
piece of ground of about four or five acres, paled in, ac-
cording to the manner of their paling, and had in it a few
hedges, which, in the latter end of May, uppon the thawe,
began to appeare a little green; butt for flowers or fruit
trees, there were none, except a few ordinary tulippes.
Gg 2
This
236
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
This putt Whitelocke in mind to inquire, if the queen
had a better garden heer att Stockholme, where her refi-
May 21. dence ufually was; the Swedes excuſed the meanneſs of the
garden att Ubfale, bicauſe the court was feldome there, butt
heer they commended the garden, and offered Whitelocke
the favour to fee it: he went about feven a'clocke this
evening to view it, and to walke in the queen's garden
heer.
It was neer unto his lodging, butt att a diftance from the
caſtle; it is about fix or ſeven acres of ground, incompaf-
fed with a pale, on which they beſtow timber enough in
the pofts and rayles: and the pales are not fett upright one
by another, butt, croffewife, one uppon another, between
two great poftes, with rivets for the pales to be putt into,
and fo to fall down one uppon the other; and the pales
are two inches thick or more, made of firre timber, and the
pofts and rayles of oake.
This garden was diftinguiſhed into walkes, not well kept,
nor gravelled, butt moſt of them green: few flowers were
to be ſeen there, though more then att Ubfale, and moſt of
theſe were tulippes, not extraordinary. The fides of the
walkes were fett with elme trees, and the like, butt no fruit
trees were there, nor are they common in this cold coun·
trey; only (as they informed Whitelocke) in fome places
they have a few trees of plummes, and finalle cherryes,
and of apples; butt he faw none, in regard of the ſeaſon,
nor doe many perfons in theſe parts delight in gardens, or
in planting fruits or flowers, this climate not incouraging
therunto; yett heer were great boxes of wood with orange
trees, cittron trees, and mirtle trees, very young, planted
in them; how they thrived was not much viſible.
Att
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
237
May 21.
Att Whitelocke's lodging, fome of his people made the 1654•
greater fires to ayre the roomes, bicauſe the plague had
bin lately in this citty, and in that houſe, the chimnies (it
feems) being fowle, and full of foote, were the fooner fett
on fire; and when Whitelocke came from walking in the
garden, he found his lodging on fire: it was a ftacke of
chimnies which tooke fire; a multitude of people were
ready about the houfe to help to quench the fire, and the
officers of the citty were there to order the people. White-
locke was ſurpriſed with this unexpected accident and
daunger, amongft fuch houfes; butt, after an hower's flame,
the foote being ſpent and burnt, the fire went out of itſelfe :
and it was a mercy that the winde fate to carry the flame
towards a houſe which was tyled; wheras, if it had fate
the other way, it had carryed the flame uppon houſes all
built and covered with wood, to the extreame daunger of
Whitelocke's lodging, and the whole citty.
In the morning Berkman conducted Whitelocke to the 22.
haven, where lay many boates and veffells, great and
finalle, and much iron uppon the kay, which is convenient,
butt not much ſtored. They paffed by many fayre houſes,
belonging to the great lords.
In the afternoone, Wrangell came to Whitelocke and con-
ducted him to ſee the queen's fhips, which lye round about
an iſland, called by them the Holme, into which iſland
none are permitted to enter without fpeciall licence. This
is a good harbour for the ſhips there to anchor fafely; there
lay about fifty flips of warre, fome of them carrying 80
pieces of cannon, fome 60, fome 50, fome 40, fome 30
and all of them well fitted and ufefull, ftrongly built, butf
not ſo nimble and ferviceable for fight as our engliſh
frigotts.
Wran-
238
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 22.
Wrangell was now in his element, and difcourfed much
with Whitelocke about the make and force, and goodnes of
theſe ſhips, their force and braſſe cannon; which were com-
mended by Whitelocke, who fhowed the difference in the
make between thefe fhips and the english frigotts; that theſe
for ftrength to indure an affault, and make defence, were
very good, butt that the engliſh frigotts had much advan-
tage in their nimble tacking about, their fleet fayling to
fetch up another flip, and the lying of their gunnes for uſe
of fighting with which difcourfe Wrangell feemed to be
much pleaſed, and he preferred their braffe cannon before
thoſe of iron; which Whitelocke affented unto, as not fo
foon hott with firing, nor fo apt to breake and ſplinter,
and doe harme to their own men, as the iron ordnance
are.
Within this ifland is the office of the admiralty, in a
fayre bricke houſe built for that purpoſe; in another build-
ing there are the forges for all the iron worke belonging
to the fhips; there alfo are the timber yardes, well ftored,
and places for the workmen and ſhip carpenters.
They were ſhowed there likewiſe the magazine of powder,
bullett, mache, granadoes, with other fire inftruments; alfo
the bake-houfes, where they make proviſion of bifcuit for
the fhips it is a great roome paved with ſtone, wherin are
three ovens for baking, and a large feller in which they
ftore the biſcuit.
There be alſo ftores for porke, peaſe, and other ſhip
proviſions, all in very good order, and carefully looked
unto.
White-
4
1
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
239
J
May 22.
Whitelocke went aboard divers of the fhips, taking 1654.
notice of their ftrength and furniture, and, among them,
he went aboard ſeverall great ſhips, which Wrangell´had
taken in fight from the king of Denmarke, which att pre-
fent were not ferviceable; butt his commendation of that
action, and of theſe ſhips of warre lying heer, was due to
them, and not unpleafing to thoſe who ſhowed them to
him.
They returned by boate, making the tour of the iſland,
and as they paffed by the fhips of warre, they all faluted
Whitelocke with two gunnes a piece, which number they
doe not exceede.
As they paſſed along, Whitelocke was defired to goe on
board the Hercules, a great and good ſhip lying there,
which carryed 80 pieces of ordnance, all braffe; and being
brought into the captain's cabbin, he found there the table
covered, and a banquett fett uppon it of fweet meates of
divers forts, with which, and with plenty of excellent
rheniſh wine, they did, with great reſpect and civility, in-
tertaine Whitelocke and his company.
From thence they brought him to his lodging, weary
enough with his voyage, and the extreame heate of the
weather.
The iſland, which Whitelocke viewed this day, and many
other greater and ſmaller iſlands, uppon which are build-
ings, doe make up this citty, which, by fome, is refembled
for the fituation of it unto the citty of Venice, which ftands,
as this doth,' uppon ſeverall iſlands in the ſea. The waters
are great and deep about this citty, which is compaffed
with mountains, except only where they give way to the
paffage
240
JOURNAL OF
OF THE
May 22.
1654. paffage of the waters; the town, in the profpect of it,
feems to be as in the midft of the circuit of the mountains,
and as it were compofed of divers pieccs, each of them
a-part making a good towne, and fo appear as feverall
villages, ſeparated by the many armes of water, or by the
lake Meter, which come hither to meet one another, and
make the large and deep water: and it feems to be the
diameter of the mountains, and now all plaine, by carry-
ing away the earth of a hill within it, and the ftones,
therwith filling up ditches and uneven grounds, and ferv-
ing for foundations for their buildings, and to make their
ſtreets even and handfome; fo that now it is all levell as if
no hill had ever bin. One of their authors faith, that it is
loco et fitu commodiffimo, inter eximium dulcem lacum
Meter ipfumq; Balticum mare in infula, fundatum.
The inhabitants (who fhould beſt know it) affirme, that
the fituation of this towne is very healthfull, and that not-
withſtanding the vast quantity of waters that doe furround
it, yett they are not troubled with agues, or other difeafes,
fo much as other parts of the countrey. It is too, in the
view of it, pleafant and noble for the fituation; and the
grounds about it are drye and wholfome, yett fruitfull.
The ſtreets are fome of them large, others more narrow,
moſt of them are freight, the houſes being equally ad-
vanced and fett togither. In the heart of the citty they are,
for the most part, built of ftone or bricke, making the
fayrer show by their height of four or five ftoryes.
From the north holme or fuburbes to the eaft is a bridge
of wood, very long; from the iſland where the ſhips lye
they paffe another bridge, to another ifland, both fmalle
ones, and att the mouth of the harbour for the hips of
war,
!
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
241
May 22,
war, extending about halfe a league, between which and 1654.
the continent are the waters of the lake and of the rivers,
which paffe through the town from the weft: from the
north to the eaſt is a parke of deere, pleaſant with trees and
fhade, contributing to the delight and health of the inha-
bitants; and taking all togither, from the proſpect of the
mountains, uppon the churches, caſtle, houſes, waters,
and ſhips, the town appears noble and beautifull.
Whitelocke having bin att the iſland where the hips lye,
and obſerved it to be called the Holme, and other iſlands
to have the fame name of Holme, and Holme to be the
fame which we call an iſland, and this citty named Stock-
holme, cauſed his inquiry of the originall of this name of
Stockholme he was informed, in a kind of pleaſant ſtory,
which is not without fome probability, and the earneſt affir-
mations of the inhabitants, who, from tradition, may
ſuppoſed beſt to know it, that the originall of the name
Stockholme was thus.
be
That there was a certain great and rich towne called
Bieurkoo, fituate uppon the lake, between Ubfale and this
place, wherof fome ruines are yett to be ſeen; the number
of the people in that towne increaſing fo much, that the
inhabitants could not be therin contained, they held a
councell what was fitt to be done; they alſo confulted their
idoll gods, to whom they offered facrifices and prayers for
their direction.
The iffue was this; they came to a refolution, that part
of their people ſhould goe forth from them, as a colonie, to
feek for a new habitation, as is ufuall in thefe northerne
countryes; that they ſhould find out a place, and build
VOL. II.
Hh
them
242
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. them a new citty to dwell in; and how to find out, and
agree uppon this place, was thus determined.
May 22.
23.
They tooke a great blocke, or piece of wood, to which
they faſtened ſome gould, and fett the block a ſwimming in
the water, and agreed, that there they would build the
new towne, where their gods (to whom they had commit-
ted this affayre) fhould cauſe the blocke to ſtay: this blocke
floated, and, deſcending downe the lake, att length ſtayed
att a little ifland about the midft of this citty.
Such an iſland heer (as in our north parts) is called
Holme, and fuch a great blocke, or piece of wood, is by
them (as with us) called a Stocke: and bicauſe this Stocke
ſtayed att this Holme, therfore heer they built their citty,
and called it Stockholme; which, by degrees, and add-
ing one holme or ifland to another, became of its preſent
greatnes.
Berkman brought to Whitelocke's lodging, this morning,
two of the magiftrates of this citty, deputed by their body,
and in their name, to falute Whitelocke, and bid him well-
come to this place. One of them made a fpeech to White-
locke, which was interpreted out of the fwedish by Berk--
man into french, to this effect:
<6
6.6
My lord ambaffador,
"The fenate of this citty have deputed us, in their
name, to falute your excellence, and to bid you well-
come to this place; where the magiftrates and cittizens are
"defirous to imbrace any occafion prefented to them,
wherby they may teſtify the great refpect and honor,
" which
1
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
243
"which they beare to his moft ferene highnes the lord pro- 1654.
tector, and to the common-wealth of England.
ra
"They are likewife very glad of the occafion given
"them to expreffe their joy for the happy alliance and
friendship, concluded between this kingdom and the com-
"mon-wealth of England, which, we hope, will be to the
<<
advantage and good of both nations, and of the pro-
"teſtant intereft, which is heartily wifhed by us. We
"looke uppon it as a very great comfort and bleffing to
"this citty, that after the mifery in which we have lately
"bin, when it pleafed God to vifit us with the peftilence,
"that the fame is now fo well and fully removed, through
"divine mercy, that we have the happines to fee a perfon,
"of your condition, vouchſafe his prefence with us.
66
"Whileft the occafions of your excellence ſhall ſtay you
"heer, we moſt freely offer our fervices for your accomo-
"dation, with whatſoever this place will afforde, which
your excellence may commaund; and, as a fmalle tefti-
mony of the reſpects of our fuperiors, they have cauſed
"us to prefent a veffell of wine unto your excellence,
"wherof they intreate your favourable acceptance."
Whitelocke preſently anfweared them in engliſh, which
Berkman interpreted to them in fwediſh, to this effect:
"Gentlemen,
"I rejoyce with you in the mercy and goodnes of God
"to this citty, who hath caufed to ceafe that contagious
"diſeaſe which lately raged among you, ſo that your
"friends (of which number I take the honor to reckon
myfelfe) may freely and fafely refort to you, and con-
66
Hh 2
"verle
May 23.
244
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 23.
σε
66
46
"verfe with you as formerly. I have alfo fome fhare in
your joy for the friendſhip and alliance, contracted be-
tween my lord the protector of the common-wealth of
England, and the queen and kingdome of Sweden;
"wherin I doubt not, butt (through the bleffing of God)
"both nations, and the whole proteftant intereft, will have
"cauſe to rejoyce likewife: and as my poor indeavours
"have not bin wanting, fo my hearty prayers to God fhall
"be putt up, that it may come to this iffue; and I fhall
pray for the continuance of health and proſperity to this
"noble citty.
<<
"I returne you many thankes for your reſpects to my
"lord the protector, and the common-wealth whom I
"ferve; wherof I fhall not fayle (when it ſhall pleaſe God
"to give me a returne to my owne countrey) to acquaint
"them, and to doe all offices of refpect in my power for
your citty: and I defire my thankes may be prefented to
your honorable fenate, for their perticular favour to
“me, and for their falutation, which I receive with all
gratitude."
66
66
66
Whileft the cittizens were with Whitelocke, Wrangell,
vice admirall Tyfen, vice admirall Clerke, Sinclere, captain
of the Amarantha, and others, came and did Whitelocke
the honor to dine with him; and, in the afternoone, car-
ryed him to fee the cannon which the Swedes had taken
from their ennemies, now layd up in a magazin for them-
felves there were of them braffe cannon 1100, among
them were two pieces taken from the Mufcoviters, each of
them weighing 18,000 lb. weight, and carrying a bullet
of 96 lb. weight, as much more as the greateſt whole can-
non carryes. There was alſo a bafilifke of 19 foote in
length, very extraordinary, and a great morter-piece of
6
braffe
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
245
May 23.
braffe of a fathome and three fingers in diameter att the 1654.
mouth of it; with many other pieces of braffe ordnance
taken from the Polles in their warres with them, which
were now butt of little ufe; nor were thofe huge pieces ca-
pable to be drawne into the field for any ſervice there..
Whitelocke walked abroade to fee the great church, 24-
where the late king. Guftavus Adolphus lyes interred; butt,
as yett, there is no monument erected in his memory, nor
are there others of magnificence, or much antiquity in this,
or in the other great church, butt ftore of images and cru--
cifixes in all their churches: their building is of bricke,
and all their churches are covered with copper..
Whitelocke went to Wrangell's lodging to requite his
vifits, butt found him not att home, not having fent before
hand to him: he fetched a little turne in the citty, and they
ſhowed him a new building for the rickfdagh, which they
call the Ruder--houſe, that is, the houſe of the knights; it is
a fayre building, and the name of it remembers fomwhat of
the knights of our parlement.
In this walke, Whitelocke viewed, in the fayre ſtreet
neer his lodging, the monument fett up to the honor of
queen Chriſtina att her coronation, which is beautifull to
the view. It is a triumphant arch, of the height of the
higheſt houſes, rayfed uppon three arches, which give three
paffages; thoſe on each fide the more ſtreight and lowe, the
middle arch of twice the height and widenels of the other
two.
The frontispiece unto the toppes of the arches is adorned
with pillars of a fayre worke; between which, in the front
of the building, are figured the warres, batties, and victo-
ries
246
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. ries of Guftavus the Great: above the pillars are divers
images, and above the middle of the porche is a large tablet,
May 24. containing in letters of gold the originall of Chriftina, her
+
virtues, and the occafion of this monument.
The whole building feems fayre and ftately, and as of
ftone, butt, in trueth, is only wood plaiftered over; rather
a fhow to pleaſe for a few years, then lafting.
He alſo viewed many houſes of ſtone and bricke, ſome
wherof were very fayre, and adorned with towers and
figures; as thofe of Grave Magnus de la Guarde, Grave
Guſtave Horne, generall Banniere, and others, and many
of them beautifully covered with copper.
In the afternoone Wrangell conducted Whitelocke to
ſee the caſtle, which is alſo covered with copper; and that
having lyen there long, fome dutchmen are reported to
have offered to give 10,000 l. for the copper, and to cover
the caſtle againe with new copper: the reafon wherof they
hold to be, bicaufe the copper which hath lyen there fo long
with the fun uppon it, is fo refined thereby, and would
yield fo much gold, that it will yield what the dutchmen
bid for it, and more, befides the charge of new covering it
with copper as before.
This caſtle is the principall houfe in this principall citty,
belonging to the crown of Sweden; it is a large caftle,
more for conveniency of a court then for ftatelinefs of
ftructure. It is almoſt fower-fquare, one way longer then
the other, all of bricke, plaiſtered over, to make it ſeem as
if it were of free ftone, wherof there is not much in theſe
parts fitt for building: the entry into the caſtle is uppon
the north quarter; the fouth and eaſt ſide is of fayre build-
ing,
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
247
May 24.
ing, four ſtories high, the windowes not large. On the weſt 1654.
of the quadrangle is the chappell, about 130 foot in length,
with the breadth proportionable: it is divided into three
arches, uppon two ranges of pillars of marble of this coun-
trey, of divers colours, moſt in red ſtreakes, hanſome and
poliſhed. On the windowes and walles are ſeverall pictures
and images, after the manner of the Lutheran churches..
The roomes in the caftle are many; fome of them large
enough for the ſtate of a court, and moſt of thoſe are two
ftories high, after the uſe of this country.
The fituation
of the caſtle is pleafant and noble, by the fide of the great
water, uppon which part of it is built, and the other pare
uppon the island where it ftands; and though of itfelfe it
be not of great ftrength, yett the fituation, proſpect of
the waters, fhips, veffells, iflands, and buildings, on the
one fide, and of the countrey to the mountains on the
other ſide, give it the repute of a princely palace.
In the caſtle, Whitelocke was carryed up to a roome, a
magazin, where were a very great number of mufquetts,
pikes, fwords, and other foot armes, excellent good, made:
in this countrey, of their own iron and ſteele, and kept
exceeding clean, bright, and well fixed, and were faid to
be fufficient to arme 10,000 men compleatly.
On the other fide of the court, they brought him to ano-
ther roome, where was a magazin of horſe armes, of curaf-
fiers, with piftolls, bright, well kept, and of an excellent.
make; there were alfo more foot armes in all, in this ma-
gazin, 2000 horfe armes, and 5000 foot armes, and in the
other magazin 10,000 foot armes..
There
248
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
May 24.
25.
There were likewife colours, enfigns, and ſtandards,
taken from their ennemies, to the number of about 800;
among them one taken by king Guſtavus in perfon, and
another, which Wrangell ſhowed, that he had taken from
the duke of Saxonic.
This citty is doubtlefs as well provided of armes and
all forts of ammunition for warre, as any place in theſe
parts of Europe, heer being, befides the queen's ſtores in
the publique arſenall, armes fufficient for 50,000 men.
Heer alſo they fhowed to Whitelocke the launce of the
quentaine, and, according to their deſcription of it and its
ufe, it feems to be the fame with the exerciſe and recrea-
tion uſed antiently in England, and yett retained in fome
counties att their marryages, which they likewiſe call the
running att the quintaine.
In a great hall, they fhowed to Whitelocke the fkin
ſtuffed out, and ſtanding in the full proportion, of the
horſe which the late king Guftavus rode when he was flaine,
alſo his bloudy ſhirt which he then wore, which is carefully
preferved in a cheft; where they alſo keep the jewell which
king Guftavus wore att his coronation, and many rich
fwords, battle axes, and other fpoyles taken from their
ennemies.
Wrangell came to Whitelocke, and invited him to fee the
launching of one of their fhips newly built for a man of
war; and Whitelocke was the more curious to fee the man-
ner of it, and how they could doe it, in regard they have
no dockes, nor ebbing and flowing of the water, which
heer is conſtantly even, and affords noe advantage by flow-
ing tydes for the launching of their fhips.
When
SWEDISHA MBASSY.
249
54.
May 25.
When Whitelocke came to the holme where the hip was 1 6
to be launched, he found her with the keele fett uppon
great plankes of timber, the ſhip tyed upright with cables,
as if he were ſwimming; the plankes, uppon which fle ftood,
laye fhelving towards the water, and were all thicke dawbed
with greafe, all along from the poope of the fhip, and un-
der her keele, to the water's fide, which was within the
fhip's length of her head, and there the water was very
deepe: one ſtrong cable held the fhip from moving, and
The lying thus fhelving uppon the plankes, the cable which
held her from fliding downe was cutt, and then the weight
of the ſhip, uppon the floaping greaſed plankes, carryed
her with great violence downe uppon the plankes into the
fea, neere a flight fhoote, by force of the weight and fwinge
wherwith fhe fell downe. In the fea were boates ready,
which came to her and putt men aboard her; and as fhe
went off, a great ſhout of a multitude of people, ſtanding
by as fpectators, was fent after her.
Wrangell, as an honor and complement to Whitelocke,
defired him to give the name to this fhip. Whitelocke
would have called her the Wrangell, butt the mafter of that
name intreated it might not be fo (poffibly to avoyd the
envy of it att court), butt he defired it might be called the
Whitelocke, which Whitelocke thought not expedient, leſt
it might argue too much height in himfelfe; nor would he
call her Cromwell, or the Protector, bicauſe ſhe carryed
butt 30 gunnes butt feeing the marke of her gunns to be
the Faulcon, and aſking whither they had any other fhip
of that name, they fayd noe; wheruppon, the Faulcon
being Whitelocke's cote of armes, and the marke of the
fhip's gunnes, and ſhe being built fwifter of fayle then ordi-
nary, Whitelocke gave her the name of the Faulcon.
VOL. II.
I i
This
250
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
This pleaſed Wrangell very much; and the ſeamen and
workemen were moſt pleaſed with the gratuity which
May 25. Whitelocke beſtowed on them: and this ceremony and
complements being paſt, Whitelocke gave many thankes to
Wrangell for this honor, and ſo they parted.
26.
The packett from England was brought to Whitelocke.
Thurloe wrote thus:
"I have acquainted his highnes with your excellency's
letters received yeſterday, wherin he takes little content,
more then, that he did on his part fincerely intend a peace
and union with that crown and kingdome, and committed
the management of it to a perſon who hath performed his
truſt with honor, wiſdome, and fidelity: we hope that your
inftructions, giving you liberty to returne, are by this time
arrived, &c."
By this pacquett Whitelocke alfo received letters from his
wife, full of affection and piety, and from collonell Bul-
ftrode, his brother Willfon, Mr. Attorney Hall, Mr. Cokaine,
Mr. Eltonhead, efpecially from his great friend doctor
Winſton; and all of thefe letters, and feverall others which
he received, were fo many teftimonies of the affection and
hearty kindneſs of theſe his worthy friends.
After Whitelocke had walked a tour in the norden mal-
lum, that is the north fuburbs of this citty, Sir George
Fletewood came to him; with whom he had much converfa-
tion in the latter time of his being in Sweden, both att
Ubfale and in this town, who fhowed much kindneſs and
reſpect to Whitelocke: he informed Whitelocke, that by
letters from Ubfale he understood, that the rickfdagh had
given leave to the queen to goe to Colmar, which fignifyed,
7
that
SWEDISH AMBASS Y.
251
May 26.
that he could not goe without their leave, and that fhe 1654.
would find much difference between commaunding as a
queen, and obeying as a fubject; and that, by the law of
this kingdome, no queen can depart out of it, without
leave of the rickfdagh, on forfeiture of all her eftate.
'
A fhip, called the Swart Hundt, was, by the queen's
commaund, appointed and fitted to carry Whitelocke's
copper, and other goods, from hence to England. By ad-
vice of friends, Whitelocke, under his hand and feale, de-
fired Sir George Fletewood to configne the copper to
Whitelocke's brother-in-law, Mr. Willfon; the defire was
thus:
"I Bulstrode Whitelocke, conftable of the caſtle of Win-
for, one of the lord commiffioners of the great ſeale of Eng-
land, and ambaffador extraordinary from his moft ferene
highnes the lord protector of the common-wealth of Eng-
land, Scotland, and Ireland, unto her majefty the queen
of Sweden, doe hereby defire my honourable friend Sir
George Fletewood, knight,
knight, generall major under the
crown of Sweden, to fhip and configne unto Mr. Samuell
Willſon, marchant in London, in Biſhopfgate ſtreete, 200
fhip-pound, fwediſh weight, of gore copper; the which
the faid Mr. Samuel Willfon is to receive and diſpoſe of ac-
cording to my order. Dated att Stockholme, in Sweden,
the 26th day of May, 1654.
B. WHITELOCKE."
According to which warrant, the copper was putt on
board the Swart Hundt, fitted, and victualled for Eng-
land. Of Whitelocke's fhip, Whitelocke gave the com-
mand and charge, and of his goods therin, to one of his
fervants, Taylor, by commiffion under his hand and fealę,
and
Ii 2
:
252
JOURNAL OF THE
May 26.
1654. and to bring his copper and goods in her from hence to Lon-
don, as foon as he could, wind and weather favouring.
Wrangell procured this flip for Whitelocke, and a paffe
from the admiralty of Sweden for her to goe through the
Sundt; and Whitelocke thought it better to fee this fhip
on her voyage, then to leave the fending of her away to
the care of others after his departure.
any
Whitelocke fent the reft of his goods and baggage on
board the Amarantha, which weighed yeſterday, and he
hoped might, by this time, be within four leagues of the
Dollars; butt the wind came contrary for her advance
further, and Whitelocke muſt continue heer till he could
underſtand that his fhip was gotten to the Dollars, which
is fourteen fwediſh leagues from this citty, butt may be
gone in fix or ſeven howers by boates, in a ſhorter paffage.
:
His ſtay heer ſeemed tedious to Whitelocke: this day the
wind, comming about a little towards the eaſt, increaſed his
hopes of getting away, for which they were in dayly ex-
pectation.
By fome marchants, and others of this citty, Whitelocke
learned what was the commerce of this towne, and, by
his own view, he found it to be commodiouſly feated for
trade, and to receive all the commodities of the country's
groweth, which are brought hither by water; and it is the
more convenient, bicaufe the greateſt fhips may come up to
the very houfes, and there loade and unloade their mar-
chandizes, never wanting water, which there is alwayes
deep, and equall in the height of it.
Butt this citty is fomwhat farre diftant from the fea by
water, fo that, before the ſhips can goe between the fea and
the
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
253
May 26.
the town, they muſt fetch a compaffe of about 100 engliſh 1654.
miles, with the daunger of many rockes and iſlands in the
way; and they muſt have alfo divers winds, which are
hinderances to their commerce.
The prefent queen hath bin curious to invite hither, and
to intertaine,. many good artiſts; yett every thing heer is
very deere, except the native commodities: and now Go-
thenbergh, growing up in trade, being fituate without the
Sundt, a more open and eaſy place for acceffe of ſtrangers,
fome believe, that by the groweth of that, this port may be:
diminiſhed..
·
It is the better fupported by the court being commonly
kept heer, and confequently being the refidence of the
principall nobility and officers; fome courts of juſtice con-
ſtantly, and the rickfdagh generally, being held in this
citty, increaſe the trade of it; and this being a good roade
for fhips to defend them from injuryes of weather, or other
daungers, makes it the more frequented.
1
Plenty of provifions are brought to this town for the fup?
ply of it; and moſt of their native commodities, as copper,
iron, pitch, tarre, deale, mafts, and the reft, are brought
hither, and heer ſhipped and tranſported into foreign parts;
from whence their marchants and ftrangers doe bring to
this northern markett, all manner of marchandize heer
vendible; and from hence againe they are vented to all!
the northern and caftern parts of this countrey, wherby
their trade and wealth is alfo increaſed, fo that one of their
authors calles it, Celeberrimum ac nobiliffimum fepten-
trionis emporium.
*
The
254
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
The trade of this place, hath brought and fettled heer,
as inhabitants, befides Swedes, Goths, Fins, and Lapland-
May 26.
ers, divers of Germans, of Pomerland, Mecklenbergh,
Weftphalia, &c. alfo English, Scotts, French, Dutch, and
almoſt of every countrey of Europe: fome are heer now
become cittizens, and are treated with juftice and civility
by the natives, to the end, that they and others may be
the more incouraged to add to the riches, ſtrength, and
trade of this place.
27.
Whitelocke vifited Sir Geo. Fletewood att his lodging in
Stockholme; and finding, with him, vice admirall Thyfen,
and Peterſon, both Hollanders, and in fervice of the crown,
Whitelocke brought them all home with him to dinner, and
adviſed with them about his voyage.
The wind came more contrary to Whitelocke this day then
yeſterday; butt he knew no other way butt a patient fub-
miffion to the will and time of God. Heer he bestowed on
a german clocke ſixty-two ricks dollers.
From fome of the magiftrates and others of this citty,
Whitelocke learned, that the governement therof is by fower
councells, and a fenate of the cittizens, as their common
councell, confifting of twenty four chofen yearly in this
moneth, by fuffrage of the inhabitants; and juftice is ad-
miniftred to the people by them, in like manner as in other
cittyes.
Befides thefe officers, there is a caftellan, or governor of
the caftle of Stockholme, who, by a peculiar authority over
the citty, takes care of the walles and buildings therof, as
he doth of the caſtle, and other the king's buildings there.
He
}
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
255
He is to defend the priviledges of the town, and is chiefe 1654.
in their politicall adminiſtration: he alfo orders and keeps
up
the revenue and trade, and ſuffers not the royalties of May 27.
the crown to be diminiſhed, nor any of the publique treaſure,
without the licence of the king, to be expended. He is al-
wayes one of the ricks fenators, and hath joyned to him a
vice-caftellan, of the equeftrian order, who is chiefe in the
judgements of the citty within the fenate and confùlls, and
is intent to the execution of juſtice.
The ſtrength of this citty is chiefly in the ſituation of it
among the waters, which are no fmalle defence, and in the
bodyes of their inhabitants, who make a confiderable num-
ber of the foldiery, many of whom have bin in forein fervice:
the caftellan commandeth them, fees their mufters, and that
they be provided with armes, and in a pofture of defence;
and under the caftellan is a captain, who hath the military
charge next under him.
The maine body of the towne hath fomwhat of a wall
about it; butt the fuburbs and other iflands are incircled
with the waters, with bridges for communication.
The caftle is of indifferent ftrength, and notably provided
of armes and ammunition, as is before remembered, which
addes to the ſtrength and ſafety as well as commaund of the
city. They have not a forined guarryfon in the towne; butt
divers companyes of the king's guards, when the court is
there, and fometimes of other regiments of the army, are
quartered there, as occafions doe require.
The caſtle commaunds a good part of the towne, and
may be as a cittadell uppon any emergent buifnes; and in
cafe of any troubles att fea, the fhips of war lye heer in
ready-
256
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. readynefs, forthwith to be manned, are provided with am-
munition, provifions, and all things neceffary for the de-
May 27. fence and fafeguard of this port and citty, from any at-
tempts which may by fea be made againſt it.
28.
29.
Whitelocke made up his diſpatches for England, and now
dated his fecond letters from Stockholme, attending for a
wind.
The Lord's day. Whitelocke, according to his cuſtome,
had a good ſermon in his lodging preached by one of his
chapleins in the morning, and another good ſermon preach-
ed there in the afternoone by Mr. Biger, a Scotts mini-
fter, and chaplein to Sir George Fletewood, then with him.
In this citty, Whitelocke obſerved the inhabitants very
orderly to frequent their pariſh churches, and not ſo much
prophanation of this day in this place, as he had feen att
Ubfale, and other places in the countrey.
Whitelocke, with longing defires, attended the comming
about of the wind for his voyage; butt he muſt ſtay God's
time, which is alwayes beſt.
:
He could not perfwade Sir George Fletewood to ſtay longer
with him he thought it neceffary for him to goe to Ubfale,
to be preſent att the king's coronation; and, att his requeit,
* See ap- Whitelocke fent by him to Wrangell this letter *
pendix Z
for tranf-
lation.
A fon excellence le feldt marefchall Wrangell à Ubfale.
66
Monfieur,
Je n'ai peu retenir plus long tempts, le generall major
"Fletewood avec moi, fon defir le portoit fi fort de fe
"" trouver
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
257
May 29.
"trouver à Ubfale, au courronnement, de crainte qu'il ne 1654.
"fembleroit negligent, et manquer à fon devoir envers fon
"Alteffe royalle; mais la raifon de ce qu'il a preſenté ma
requeſte à voſtre excellence eft qu'il vous plaife moyenn(r
"envers fon Alteffe royalle, àfin qu'il retourne à Stockholme;
et que je puiffe jouir de fa compagnie jufques à mon de-
part, qui en apparence ſera differé plus long tempts que
je ne le fouhaiterois, à raifon de la contrarieté des vents.
66
CC
.66
Je fupplie voftre excellence de me faire la faveur de
“baiſer en mon nom les mains de fa majeſté, et de ſon
"Alteffe royalle, et d'accepter pour tant de faveurs que
"voftre excellence m'a faites, tant à Ubfale qu'en ce lieu,
"les actions de graces de celui qui eſt,
"Monfieur, à voftre excellence
Stockholme,
'
May 29, 1654.
"très humble ferviteur,
"B. WHITELOCKE."
Berkman went from hence 17th May att night, and re-
turned this morning hither, and brought to Whitelocke
this letter *.
* See ap-
pendix
A. A.
lation.
Illuftriffimo domino domino Bulftrode Whitelocke, extraor- for tranf-
dinario reipublicæ Angliæ in Sueciam legato officiocif-
fimè.
Illuftriffime et excellentiffime domine legate,
Quanquam valdè dubitem, an excellentiam veftram
"hæ litteræ in Sueciam inveniant, nolui tamen, accepta hac
"occafione, vel meo officio deeffe, vel refragari quorun-
"dum Suecorum petitioni, nam cum naves duæ fùecicæ,
VOL. II.
K k
quarum
258
JOURNAL OF THE
"C
→ 66
May 29.66
1654. quarum naucleri Bonders et Sibrand follis vocantur,
nuper ceptæ et in Angliam delatæ fint, fperant fore, ut,
per hanc meam interceffionem, cumprimis autem per
"benevolam excellentiæ veftræ commendationem, quan-
"tocius dimittantur; nifi igitur mihi fatis perfpecta effet
"excellentiæ veftræ integritas, pluribus ab eâ conten-
"derem, ut dictarum aliarumq; detentarum in Anglià
"fuecicarum navium liberationem, atq; per fe æquam, ac
"amicitiæ fœderiq; mutuo conformem fibi haberet com-
"mendatam; fufficit nunc faltem indicâffe excellentiæ
"veftræ, quippe cui nihil antiquius effe fcio, quàm ut
"amicæ confœderatæq; gentes, fanctâ fidei juftitiæq; obſer-
"vantiâ, inter fe ftrictius colligentur. De cætero excellen-
"tiæ veftræ fœlicem in patriam reditum exopto, ut me
noftrumq; Barkmannum officiofe commendo. Dabam
"Ubfalix, 27 Maii, anno 1654.
I
30.
66
"Excellentiæ veftræ
"ad quævis officia paratiffimus
“ISRAEL LAGERFELDT."
In the evening Whitelocke walked abroade to take the
aier, the time of his ftay heer being very tedious to him, at-
tending for a good wind, that he might proceed in his
longed for returne to his native countrey and relations; butt
he fubmitted to the good pleaſure of God, who orders all
times and feafons, and all things, for the beft att night the
wind came about a little towards the eaft, favouring his
voyage.
The wind continued this morning, as it was laſt night,
easterly, butt not fufficing for Whitelocke to goe on his
voyage. The vice admirall Clerke comming to Whitelocke,
he
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
259
May 30.
he adviſed with him touching his voyage, and aſked him, 1654.
if he thought the Amarantha might, with this wind, be got-
ten to the Dollars? he anfweared, that there could be no
afſurance therof, butt that poffibly it might be fo: wher-
uppon Whitelocke replyed, that he had a great defire to
goe
down himfelfe to the Dollars, before the newes came
of the Amarantha's arrival there; bicauſe the wind might
come good, and within fix howers carry them out to the
open fea, which, if neglected, might retard their voyage
fifteen dayes or more. Clerke faid, that if Whitelocke de-
fired to doe fo, that he would not adviſe him to the con-
trary; butt he believed that this might expedite his voyage:
only he faid, that Whitelocke muft be content to lye on
board the ſhip till the wind fhould come fayre, bicaufe
there was no accommodation to be had for him and his
company att the Dollars.
Whitelocke faid, he fhould be
well contented to lye on fhip-board, and prayed Clerke to
cauſe boates to be provided for his paffage to the Dollars
the next day; and ordered his officers and fervants to pre-
pare all things in readines for his departure accordingly.
Wrangell came back this night from Ubfale, and feverall
other perfons, though very late, having ftayed the folem-
nityes of the queen's refignation, and the coronation of the
new king, which they related to Whitelocke to be done
this day, and in this manner and folemnity.
About nine a'clocke this morning the qucen, being at-
tyred in her royall apparell and robes, of purple velvet,
with her crown uppon her head, and attended by all her
officers and fervants, came into the roome prepared for
that occafion; where was fett a table with a rich carpet, and
five great cuſhions layd uppon it: moft of the grandees and
officers were prefent.
Kk 2
Uppon
260
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Uppon one of the cuſhions was layd the fword of ſtate,
uppon the fecond cufhion was layd the fcepter, uppon the
May 30. third cufhion was layd the ball, and uppon the fourth
cuſhion were layd the keyes.
The queen, being come into the room, after a little pauſe
made a fhort fpeech to the company to this effect:
66
66
My lords and gentlemen,
"You have, before this time, bin acquainted with my
"reſolution to refigne the crowne and governement of this
kingdome into the hands of my moft deare coufen the
prince, heer prefent with me, uppon my earneſt requeſt
"to the rickfdagh now convened. After long debates, and
"much follicitation, to difſwade me from it, yett att length,
66
though unwillingly, they have affented to this my refo-
"lution; and I am now come to putt the fame in execu-
"tion, before all thefe honorable wittneffes heer prefet :
"and to you, my moft deare coufen, I doe heartily wifh all
happines and good fucceffe in the management of the
publique affayres of this kingdome."
66
Having thus ſpoken, the queen defired that fome of them
would take the crown from off her head; butt none would
doe it: fhe then called to Grave Tott and the baron Stein-
bergh, exprefly commaunding them to doe it; butt they
refuſed, till againe earneſtly commaunded by her; they then
tooke the crown from off her majefty's head, and layd it
down uppon the fifth cuſhion on the table.
After that was done, fome others, by her commaund,
tooke off the royall robes with which the was cloathed, and
layd them downe uppon the table: then the queen, having
1
thus
t
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
261
thus diveſted herſelfe of theſe enfignes of royalty, and re- 1654.
figned her crown, being now in her private habit, made
courfey to the prince, and to the reſt of the company, and May 30.
retired into her owne chamber.
An act of a ſtrange conftancy and fixednes of refolution,
going through with this great worke of her own abdication,
without the leaſt outward ſhow of reluctancy for what ſhe
had done, butt with the fame behaviour and confidence as
att all other times, in her perticular and private affayres!
For this act of the queen's refignation they had no pre-
cedent; for the folemnity of the king's coronation they had
many and the fame is att large, with all the circumftances
and ceremonies therof, fett down by one of their authors,
Wexionius epit. defcriptionis Suecia, 1. 5. c. 6. from
which the ceremonies of this coronation were not much
different, and thus fhortly related unto Whitelocke.
After the queen was withdrawn to her private chamber,
the ricks officers and fenators humbly defired the prince,
that he would be pleafed to walke to the cathedrall church,
where the archbishop, and other prelates, were ready to at-
tend his royall highnes, and to performe the folemnities of
his coronation. The whole company went thither in this
order.
The officers and fervants of the court went first, in a very
great number, togither with many officers of the army, and
other gentlemen.
After them came the nobility, the gentlemen, barons,
and earls, members of the rickfdagh; then followed the
ricks fenators, two and two in rank. After them came the
five
262
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. five ricks officers; firft the ricks fcatz-mafter, or high trea-
furer, who carryed the keyes; next to him the ricks chan-
May 30. cellor, who carryed the globe; after him came the ricks
admirall, who carryed the ſcepter; then one in the place of
the feldthere, or generall, who carryed the fword; and,
laftly, the ricks droitfett, or chiefe juftice, who carryed the
crowne.
After the chiefe juftice came the king himſelfe, in his or-
dinary habit, with a huge troupe following him, and the
windowes and ftreets crowded with multitudes of people:
the guards and foldiers ſtood in their armes as the company
paffed by.
Being thus come to the cathedrall, att the doore ſtood the
archbiſhop, with a horne of oyle in his hand, accompanyed
with other bishops, fuperintendents, and many clergymen.
He received the prince att the church doore, and con-
ducted him up to the high altar, where they had prayers,
and then the archbiſhop anointed the prince with the oyle;
they putt uppon him the royall apparell, putt the crown
uppon his head, the fcepter in his right hand, and the ball
into his left hand, and fo he was invefted into the royall
dignity, and declared, with all his titles, king of Swedes,
Gothes, and Vandales, &c. drummes, trumpets, and
lowde acclamations of the people adding to the proclaym-
ing of their new king: not many dayes paft they laboured
to hinder the doing of it, now they fhout for joy that it
is done; thus are the minds and practice of the multitude,
whom nothing pleaſeth long, nothing more then novelty.
The ceremonies being performed att the cathedrall, the
new king, with all his new fubjects and fervants, returned
from thence into the caftle in the fame order as he came
hither;
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
263
hither; by the way he was faluted with the lowd acclama- 1654.
tions of the people, God fave the king: thus comming to May 30.
his court, as he entered it, the abdicated queen lookes out
of her windowe, and, with a cheerfull countenance, and
voyce heard by the company, fhe wifhed her coufen joy of
his crown and governement.
The king retires for a while to his private chamber, then
is called forth to a fumptuous feaſt; where moſt of the no-
bility and fenators did attend uppon him, and rejoyce
with him, and afterwards did fweare fealty, homage, and
allegiance to him.
Butt this relation was not fo pleaſing to Whitelocke, as
the thoughts of his departure from this place, and his long-
ing to proceed in his voyage homewards.
The Swart Hundt fett fayle this morning with White- 31.
locke's goods and coppar, Taylor commaunding her, and
Swedes marriners in her; the wind was come about, indif-
ferent good, for his, and for his maſter's voyage.
Wrangell and Clerke affording Whitelocke their com-
pany att dinner, he advifed with them, what time of the
day would be beft for him to goe from hence: Clerke faid,
that the boates would be ready after dinner to tranfport him
from hence to the Dollars, whither, he hoped, that by this
time the Amarantha might be come. He and Wrangell ad-
viſed Whitelocke not to goe on board the boates, till fix
or feven a'clocke in the evening, to avoyd the heate of the
day, and to injoy the benefit of the coole of the night;
which was better to be indured then the extreamity of
the heate of the day, eſpecially uppon the water and
the heat fome affirmed to be, att this time, as violent
in
264
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. in this countrey as it is in Spayne or Italy; Whitelocke
found it now as much hotter then England, as it is colder
May 31. in the winter.
About feven a'clocke in the evening Whitelocke left his
lodging, where they made him pay as an ambaſſador ex-
traordinary: for the uſe of the houfe only for eleven dayes,
they made him pay 160 ricks dollers; for his victualls, butt
one meale a day, without any dainties, they exacted above
1000 ricks dollers. Such is their unconscionable exaction
uppon ftrangers.
It was time to leave them; and Whitelocke being called
by Wrangell and Clerke, he went to prayers with his
company, recommending themfelves to the protection and
bleffing of God; and, preſently after prayers, he and all his
people went to the water-fide, multitudes by the way fa-
luting him with refpect as he paffed by, and crowding to
fee him take boate.
He went into a galley of the queen's attending for him;
moſt of his gentlemen and Clerke were with him in the
galley; the reft of his company went in a great boate pro-
vided for them.
This galley had two maſts bearing the queen's colours in
filke; in the hinder part of it was a roome with a table
and benches rownd about it, the table covered with crim-
fon velvet, the benches with red cloth, and tapiftry uppon
the floore: the roome held about ten perfons; the outward
roome about twelve men, befides the watermen for fixteen
oares.
2
Att
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
265
Att her head fhe carryed two finalle pieces of ordnance, 1654.
which they fired att loofing from the harbour, and the flips May 31.
of warre fired as they paffed by; they went on in a great
deepe water, fometimes very broade, fometimes more nar-
rowe; on the fides wherof were huge rockes, and heer and
there little trees growing out of the clefts of them, with
fmall heapes of earth lying on them; butt they increaſe not
much in that foyle.
Many rockes all along on the fores, and iflands of rocks,
with the finelle of the firre trees on them, was a variety for
ftrangers; and the water being calme, they made ufe only
of their oares; the trumpetts founding, where the rocks
were moſt uneven and made concavities, gave much de-
light by the refounding of feven or eight echoes to one found.
Yett the multitudes of craggy rockes of vaft greatnes,
and huge talleneſs, with their uneven heads and ragged
fides, filling all the fhores, and making many iſlands,
and thofe caufing no finalle daunger in the paffage,
appeared (efpecially att firft, and to the younger feamen)
very dreadfull and amazing; butt after a little acquain-
tance with them, and conftant being in their company, and
the feamen knowing the paffage, caufed the leffe feare, and
the feaven-fold anfwearing echoes, as if they had bin fo
many trumpetts, gave delight to the hearers with fome ad-
miration of that multiplying found. Butt their cheerfull-
nes was increafed by meeting with a boate, about two
fwediſh miles from Stockholme, whofe men informed White-
locke, that the Amarantha was that day come into the Dol-
lars; which good news added hopes and fpirit to the com-
pany, of advancing in their voyage towards their longed
for countrey and the night feemed the leffe tedious, by
difcourfing of this providence, that the fame day that White-
L.1
locke
266
JOURNAL OF THE
1654, locke came away, his fhip fhould fall down to be ready to
meet him, and not fooner, and wherof he knew nothing
May 31. before hand.
Clerke informed Whitelocke of the places by which they.
paſſed, and the condition of the countrey. They came into
a very narrow way, and ftreights, about a bow fhoot in
length, where a great veffell could not paffe, both for want
of breadth and depth of water, the greater boate with
Whitelocke ſtriking the fands as the paffed over: this way
was to gett into the roade and channel for the ſhips from
Stockholme to the Dollars, which is neer twenty fwediſh
miles for the ships to goe about. From this ftreight they,
came againe into deep water, environed as before with
rocks, and full of iſlands..
When they were within a mile of the dollars, the wind
came about to eaft and north-eaft, very fayre and good to
carry them out to fea, wheras before it was flatt againſt
them. Heeruppon Whitelocke tooke occafion, the wind.
being now good, to order his galley to make way forth-
right to the Amarantha, without going on ſhoare att all;
which was done, although it feemed long, att the latter
end of the way, the company weary, and the watermen
tyred with rowing, though they did not att all rowe with
that nimblenes and mettle, as the Engliſh uſe to doe.
When Whitelocke departed from Stockholme, the wind
was contrary to him; after he was certefyed by the boate
which he mett, that the Amarantha was in the Dollars, the
wind fuddeinly changed, and was fayre for him, and, after
this providence, they came in good time to the fhip, the
tedious paffage of the night being over, wherin Whitelocke
flept uppon the boards, and in the open aier; hardſhip
enough for one of his age and condition, butt God was his
protection.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
267
JUNE.
HAD
June 1:
AVING bin part of yeſterday, and all the laſt night, 1654.
uppon the water, this morning, about ſeven a'clocke,
Whitelocke and all his company came to the Dollars,
and, without fetting foot on fhoare, they went on board
the ſhip Amarantha, lying there to expect them. And
although this was not ufuall, butt paſſengers generally ftay
fometime att this place till their ſhips be ready, and to make
provifions for their voyage, and ſpend ſome money att the
cabaret heer; yett Whitelocke, ſeeing the wind fayre, and
having all his company togither in the boates, was unwill-
ing to lett them be fcattered by going on ſhoare, which
might be troubleſome and retard his voyage by getting them
all togither agayne. For theſe reaſons he commaunded all
his people to goe forthwith aboard the ſhip, as he himſelfe
did, att which vice-admirall Clerke wondered, and fayd, he
had not feen the fame done before.
This fhip, the Amarantha, had never yett bin att fea,
and therfore the more daungerous to adventure in her firſt
voyage; butt fhe was well built, a fayre fhip, of a good
burden, and had mounted in her forty pieces of braffe
cannon, two of them demy cannon, and fhe was well man-
ned, and of good force and ftrength for warre: ſhe was a
good fayler, and would turne and tacke about well; fhe
held 100 perfons of Whitelocke's followers, and moſt of his
baggage, befides her own marriners, about 200.
L12
The
拳
​268
JOURNAL OF THE
·1654.
ཆ་ད་ཡོད་
June 1.
The cabbins wherin Whitelocke was, were of an hanfome
make; the breadth of the fhip was the length of his bed-
cabbin, and it was fix or feven paces broade, and high
enough for the talleſt man: it was hung with red cloath,
the furniture of the bed was rich cloath of gould and filver ;
on the table was a rich carpet, and all over it a canopy
with broade fringes of filke and gould and filver. Within
the bed-cabbin was another roome for him to retire into,
with a table and benches covered with red cloath. All
the gentlemen had accommodations as the fhip could afoard.
Being all fettled in the fhip, they were faine to ſtay for
the fhip-boate, which the captain had fent for water; and
as foon as it was returned, about ten a'clocke in the morn-
ing, they weighed anchor, and putt the fhip under fayle;
recommending themfelves to the mercy and protection of
him, who rules uppon the waters as well as on drye land,
and of whofe goodnes they had fo great experience.
They fayled by the place called the Scares, that is, the
ifles of rockes which are there in the water, and on both
fides of the fhoare, of a ſtrange craggynes, largenes, and
number: thoſe in the fea are full of daunger, and often
afford butt a very freight paffage for the fhips to goe be-
tween them; and no other courfe is to avoyd them.
From hence the fea begins to widen herfelfe towards the
furthest point of land, which they call the Land's Ort, an-
fwearable to our english point of land, called the Land's
End in Cornwall. The Land's Ort is eight fwedish leagues
from the Dollars, and hither they reached by the evening,
the wind being caft and fouth-eaft all this day.
About
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
269
About eleven a'clocke the laſt night the wind came about 1654.
more to the fouth, yett Whitelocke advanced in his courfe,
June 2.
and gained fome way, butt not much, the wind being al-
moſt againſt him; and fo it continued in this morning,
when there appeared a chayne of rockes, advancing them-
felves more then a fwediſh mile into the fea, and not farre
from the ifle of Oeland, to which rockes it is not good to
approach too neer. They could not maintaine their courſe,
butt to very ſmalle advantage, and by veering up and
downe to gaine a little of the wind; and in this manner
they ſpent this whole day: the wind continuing att fouth
fouth-eaft, they did not advance much all this day, only
kept what they had gained before, and held plying up and.
downe in that daungerous fea; their fupport was, that this
was the good pleasure of their God, whofe will the wind
and waters doe obey.
Though the weather was not fowle, yett it was thicke
with fogge, which arofe att the foote of the horyfon; and
the marryners faid, this weather was ordinary in theſe feas,
butt very dangerous. In the evening fome of the com-
pany made them paftime, to divert the tediouines of the
way and weather.
About midnight the wind came about fomwhat fayrer
then before, and Whitelocke gained a little in his courſe ;
att fun rifing he discovered the ifle of Gotland, eight leagues
diftant to the eat from the iile of Qeland; afterwards the
wind returned to the fame quarter wherin it was yefterday..
The iſle of Oeland is neer the continent, extending itſelfe
in length by the thore eighteen fwedish miles, butt hath not
in breadth, in any place, above two fwedifh miles. This is
the place where the prince of Sweden, now king, ufed to
make
3+
270
JOURNAL OF THE
June 3.
1654. make his refidence, in a fayre caftle, built of ftone of this
ifland, not inferior to marble: theſe ftones are in great re-
queft for pavements, pillars, and other ufes and ornaments
in building. The pillars of the king's chappell att Stock-
holme, great and high, well poliſhed, and of divers colours,
were brought from this ifland, and they have many of thefe
ſtones in the buildings of the great lords.
This iſland is a place of the moſt field pleaſure of
any in
this countrey, being open, and ſtored with red and fallow
deer, with hares, and conies, and with partridges, which
are ſcarce in other parts; butt heer the game is preferved
for the prince's pleaſure.
The ifle of Gotland is about fourteen fwediſh miles in
length, and five in breadth. It antiently belonged to the
Swedes, till the Danes tooke it from them, and kept the
poffeffion of it, till the late warres between thofe two
crownes, when the Swedes recovered it from the Dane;
and, by the peace after that warre, the treaty left it to the
Swede, and allowed for it the ifle of Burnholme to the Dane,
being neerer his dominions.
They report, that heertofore Gotland (belonging to the
Gothes, from whom it hath the name) was famous for the
traffique of all thefe quarters, and had in it a large towne
called Wifby, where formerly certaine lawes were inftituted
touching the fea, which are obferved to this day. Butt
Lubec, and other towns on that fide, having gott the trade
from hence, and the fea, by inundations, having much di-
miniſhed this ifle, both it and the towne are become butt
of fmalle confideration.
7
The
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
271
The wind was little and very variable, and this day was 1654.
a calme, fo that they could advance very little in their
June 3.
voyage. In the evening the wind grew freſh, and increaſed
till three a'clocke the next morning, fo that they made good
way in their courfe: butt thefe deep feas began to riſe, and
the fhip to rowle and toffe fo much, that fome of White-
locke's people, fenfible of it, and of the increafing of the
wind and waves, and of the marriners labour and diforder,
began to be afrayd and ficke. Butt Whitelocke cheriſhed
and comforted them the beſt he could, and gave order for
attendance uppon them, and that they ſhould want nothing
which the ſhip could afforde; the which was the more in
his power, the commaund of it being wholly left to him by
the queen; and, by his kindnes, and ceafing of the ſtorme,
they began to recover their courage, the wind changed, and
it grew more calme after the ruffling.
The Lord's day. Still Whitelocke was toyling on the Bal-
tick fea; after three a'clocke in the morning he advanced
a good way in his courſe; butt about ten a'clocke they dif
covered land, which was the ifle of Burnholme, diftant from
the point of fouth of Oeland eighteen German leagues. It
feemeth a plain and flatte ground, about eight fwedifh
miles in length, and about five in breadth: this ifle is fruit-
full, and well peopled, abounding in paftures, fo that it
yields a good revenue in butter. Many witches are affirmed
to be in this ifle, and no place in this fea hath more fhip-
wracks then uppon Burnholme. Some give the reafon therof
from the ftreight paffe between this ifle and the continent;
yett is the coaft clean and without rockes, and hath good
roades: others attribute the caufe of theſe fhip-wrackes to
the great and daungerous fands about this, and the other
ifles of this fea, which (efpecially about this ifle of Burn-
helme) doe lye out farre and thallow in the fea, on which
-
many
4..
272
JOURNAL OF THE
1654, many fhips have bin ftruck and loft; and heer Whitelocke's
fhip was in fome perill, butt it pleafed God ftill to preferve
him.
June 4.
1
He floated in fight of this ifland almoſt all this day, the
wind veering into moft points of the compafs, and he was
turned back from his courfe, and loft more then he gained
of his way.
About nine a'clocke in the morning, the fhip's company,
having a miniſter on board with them, were att their exer-
cifes of devotion, which they have every morning, begin-
ning with finging a pfalme, as we doe; then the minifter
prayes, butt not long, and the conclufion is, to fing about
two verfes of another pfalme, and fo they part; except on
the Lord's day, as this was, their chaplein preached a fhort
fermon in the morning in fwediſh, butt none in the after-
noone. Whitelocke, for his own company, had the uſuall
exerciſes of praying and preaching by his chaplein Mr. de
la March, Mr. Ingelo being fick.
Towards the evening the wind began to be freſh againe ;
they kept their courfe neer Burnholme, and might difcerne
the caftle. After Whitelocke was gone to reft, vice-admi-
rall Clerke, who was on board with him, followed a fhip
to inquire if fhe heard any newes of a fwediſh fhip loaden
with falt from Portugall; att which fome of Whitelocke's
company taking offence, the vice-admirall defifted: butt, by
this deviation, the Amarantha (which is not fleet of fayle)
loft three leagues, which fhe was caft back in her courfe,
and was brought in great daunger by fayling too neer the
fhore; butt the Lord guided them.
In
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
273
In the morning Whitelocke was out of fight of Burn- 1654.
holme, and pursued his courfe, the wind blowing a little
June 5.
in a good quarter. About nine a'clocke they defcryed fome
ſhips, of which one feemed to be a great one; and com-
ming neerer, they perceived an english fhip to be with
them. The Amarantha fired a gunne to warne them to
ftrike fayle, fhe carrying the flag in her maine-top, and
being a man of warre of Sweden.
The english captain did not obey, and Clerke com-
maunded to floote agayne att him; butt Whitelocke or-
dered Clerke first to fend his boate, with fome of White-
locke's fervants, to advertiſe the engliſh captain that White-
locke was in the fwedifh fhip: they, comming on board,
found the captain in choller, preparing to fight with the
Swede, denying their foveraignty on theſe feas; butt being
informed by his countrymen, that the engliſh ambaſſador
was on board the fwediſh fhip, he prefently, and Mr.
Fiſher, a marchant, with him, came to Whitelocke, re-
joycing to fee him, and faid, that if he had not bin there,
the fwediſh vice-admirall fhould have had hott worke; butt
now he ſtrucke fayle to the ambaffador, whom he acquaint-
ed, that all was well in England, that he had brought in his
fhip the commiffioners to agree the differences between
our common-wealth and Denmarke, who were now att Co-
penhagen; and that, when they pafled the Sundt, the king
of Denmarke's officers were very friendly to them. He
told Whitelocke alfo, that two engliſh frigotts, fent by the
protector for Whitelocke's tranſportation, were arrived att
Hambourgh, and waited for Whitelocke there: after giving
him fome wine, and difcourfe, Whitelocke difimiled this
captain Morgan to proceed in his voyage to Dantzick,
whither he was bound. Att his parting, all were friends,
and Clerke gave him two gunnes after the fedith cuftome';
VOL. II.
M m
butt
274
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. butt Morgan anfweared him with feven pieces of ordnance;
then Clerke gave him two more gunnes, to which Morgan
gave two alfo, and a third a little while after.
June 5.
The Amarantha having loitered by reaſon of the calme,
which continued till the evening, they were moft part of
this day within fight of the ifle of Rugen, neer the coaft
of Pomerland, and part of that dutchy, which fell in
partage to one of the duke's fons, who there kept his court
in a fayre caſtle, wherof fomwhat yett remains. The ifland
appears high to thoſe that fayle by it, and hath in length
about eight german miles, and about five in breadth; the
king Guſtavus tooke it, and it hath fince continued in the
poffeffion of the Swedes, and was confirmed to them by the
late treaty of Munfter: the coaft is full of white fands, and
daungerous to thofe who are not well acquainted with the
paffages, which heerabout are ftreight, and a bank of fand
comes farre out into the fea, on which Whitelocke was in
great perill, within four fadome water in the night; butt
they were glad to veere back againe, and tack about to
eſcape the daunger.
The wind blew fresh from the north-eaft, by which he
continued his courfe till about mid-night; when there came
a hideous ſtorme of wind, thunder, raine, and lightening,
which caufed them to furle their fayles, and lafted about
three howers; butt the waves continued very high above
twelve howers togither afterwards, it being the nature of
this fea, when it is once ftirred, that, by reafon of the
great depth, it will not be ftill againe for many howers
after.
Some of Whitelocke's company were much affrighted with
this tempeſt, and not without caufe; butt it pleaſed God
2
to
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
275
to ccafe the ftorme, and give fayre weather, and therby 1654.
more cauſe to remember the experiences they have had of
his divine goodnes throughout their whole voyage.
In the morning the wind continued fayre, and they
made good way, till towards eight a'clocke, when it grew
calme till about feven a'clocke in the evening. All this day
they were uppon the coaft of Pomerland; one of the mar-
riners, from the top-gallant, efpying land, and a towne,
informed them that it was Wifmer; butt, comming neerer
to the fhore, they found it to be Roſtock, eight leagues fur-
ther from Lubec then Wifmer is. Both theſe towns are
fubject to the crowne of Sweden, port towns, and of good
trade: Roftock more famous to the High Dutch for their
exceeding ftrong and thicke beere.
In the evening the wind blew fayre north-weft; butt the
fkye grew thicke, and the night comming on, they, for
feare of falling uppon the coaft, tacked off againe to fea,
and out of their courfe: about eleven a'clocke att night the
ftorme beganne much more violent then the night before,
continuing about fix howers, to the imminent daunger of
the ſhip to be over-fett, and foundered in the fea; butt ftill
God preſerved them.
About midnight was an horrible noyfe; the thunder
fierce, and ſtrangely lowde, the fkye all in flames, with the
wonderfull lightenings; and though it be frequent to meet
with great tempefts of thunder and lightenings uppon this
fea, and much more dreadfull then thofe in England, yett
now the officers and marriners of the fhip affirmed, that
they never faw the like to this tempeft, and that they were
almoſt blind with the fhining and flafhes of this lightening.
June 5.
6.
M m 2
They
276
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 6.
7.
They faw alfo, on the land, houfes burning fett on fire
by the lightening, any flame wherof faſtening uppon the
combuſtible matter of the fhip, the fame had inftantly bin
fired, and all within her inevitably had periſhed.
Butt ftill God was their defence and deliverer: the tem-
peft was fo outragious, that they were forced to take downe
their fayles, and lett fall their anchors. Heer they found
the difference between Sweden and this countrey; there, att
midnight, one might plainly reade without a candle; heer,
though neerer the fummer folftice, and the dayes att lon-
geft, they found att leaſt four howers of darke night, as
feeming neer the winter.
The tempeft began to ceafe about five a'clocke in the
morning, and it grew fayre weather, the wind comming
good for them to continue and finiſh their voyage: thus
God preſerved them from the daunger of the laſt night, as
of many times before, the which Whitelocke held him felfe
obliged more largely to defcribe, as fo many monuments to
him and his company of the goodnes of God towards
them, and to preferve the memory therof, as arguments to
him and his wholly to depend uppon that God, of whom
they have had ſo much experience.
The wind continued fayre, and they fayled all along in
the fight of land, drawing neerer and neerer to it, which
was pleaſant to thoſe who had bin in fuch ſtormes, and
were not a little longing to be att their native home.
They came, about ten a'clocke in the morning, to the
rode att Lubec; and no fooner was the flip fettled there,
butt the wind ceafed and blew not att all, butt it became
a great calme; wherin alfo the providence and goodnes of
God
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
277
God was feen, that had they not come to an anchor att 1654-
this very moment, they must have bin ftill roaming on the
June 7.
fea, till the wind had come about agayne for them, and
perhaps might have bin kept out att fea many dayes longer.
They were all filled with joy, having paffed one halfe of
their voyage, and feeing the place of their firſt difcent on
land. The Amarantha, having lett fall her anchors, fired
two gunnes, and a fhip of the duke of Curland's in the
roade anfweared them with three.
This roade is a gulfe, between two armes of land, att the
firſt entrance from one another about a league, butt it be
comes more narrow as one approacheth neerer to the mouth
of the river, which is called Trave, and divides the two
dutchyes of Mecklenbergh and Holſtein. This is the only
roade or haven belonging to the town of Lubec, and is of
good defence and fafety to fecure the riding of fhips, and
of conveniency for the trade of that town into the Baltick
fea.
After this perilous voyage of eight dayes fayling on the
angry Baltick feas, efcaping the difinall infinite vaft craggy
rockes, feen and unfeen, and the covered fands, and daun-
gerous coafts, in the higheſt ftormes; it pleafed him, who
giveth bounds to the deep waters and ftilleth the waves
therof, to conduct Whitelocke and all his people in fafety
to this haven. They were not negligent to prepare for
their going on fhore, in order wherunto Whitelocke fent
collonell Potley and fome of his fervants to land, to prɔ-
vide horfes for his coach and waggons for his trayne and
baggage; purpofing to goe that night to Lubec, being butt
two german leagues from Tremon, and the dayes now att
longeft.
Potley,
278
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 7.
Potley, according to order, gave notice to the governor
of Tremon of Whitelocke's comming on fhore in the terri-
toryes of his maſters, the lords of Lubec, and provided
boates, horfes, waggons, and all things neceffary, with di-
ligence and dexterity.
Whileft this was doing, Whitelocke calles his company
togither into his cabbin, where they gave thankes to God
for their fafe arrivall in this place, and humbly prayed for
the continuance of his bleffing, and prefence with them,
the reſt of their journey yett to come.
After dinner, Whitelocke fent for vice-admirall Clerke
and captain Sinclere into his cabbin, where he gave them
thankes for the care and paines they had taken for him and
his company, and for their perticular reſpects to himſelfe,
and obfervance of his defires; wherof, he faid, he would
by letters acquaint his majeſty of Sweden, and report to the
protector their refpects to him.
He defired them to accept a ſmalle teſtimony of his thank-
fullnes for their civilities: he gave the vice-admirall fixty
dollers to diftribute to the marriners, and fixty dollers
more to the officers of the fhip; that is, the mafter and
his mate, the boate-ſwaine, the conftable (fo they call the
maſter gunner), the gunner's mate, and the reſt.
To captain Sinclere he gave eighty duckets, and to the
vice-admirall one hundred duckets, which were the beſt
compliments, and thankfully accepted by them; and White-
locke was the more liberall in thefe rewards, being to
ftrangers, and for the honor of his nation.
The
1
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
279
The boates being gone with the coaches, baggage, and 1654.
moſt of the people, and the reſt not unwilling to be on June 7.
floare, Whitelocke, with most of his gentlemen, went in
one of the ſhip-boates: the vice-admirall bare him company,
and did him the honor to fteere the boate himfelfe; the reft
of the company went in the other fhip-boate.
After Whitelocke was gone off the length of two or three
boates, and whileft the other boate lay by the fide of the
fhip, they fired forty pieces of ordnance, which, being fo
very neer, did, with the wind, or feare of the cannon,
ftrike downe fome that were in the boate, who were more
then frighted, in fo much, that one of them, after he
came to Lubec, continued very ill with founding fitts ;
butt, by the care of doctor Whiſtler, and good cordialls,
through the bleffing of God, he recovered and was well
agayne.
They went about halfe a league by water from the ſhip
to the mouth of the river, where there is a little fort with
fome great gunnes mounted, and, without that, are finalle
towers, for lights to direct the feamen, and a village, call-
ed Tremon, where they landed, all belonging to the citty
of Lubec. Mon, in High Dutch, fignifies a mouth, and
Tre is the name of the river; fo Tremon is the mouth of
the river Tre.
Att their landing ftood, ready to receive them, a tall
old man, with a long white venerable beard; he wore a
broad belt, with a long baſkett hilted fword; he was a col-
lonell, and governor of that fort: he fpake to Whitelocke
in High Dutch, which Potley interpreted to this effect:
66
My
280
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 7.
46
66
My lord ambaffador,
"In the name of my mafters, the lords of Lubec, I bid
your excellence wellcome on fhore and to this place."
Whitelocke anfweared him as ſhortly.
"Noble collonell,
"I heartily thanke you for your civility, wherof I hope,
ere long, to have the opportunity to acquaint your
"maſters the lords of Lubec.”
As Whitelocke paſſed by, they fired three gunnes from the
fort; the collonell conducted Whitelocke to his houſe neer
the landing place, multitudes of people flocking togither
the houſe was not ſtately, nor very convenient. There they
were intertained with great ſtore of very ſtrong beere,
which they call Mum, and the collonell was exceeding free
to call for large flaggons of it for Whitelocke, and for all
his people; which Whitelocke apprehending to have bin the
generofity of the governor, yett fearing fome diforder by it
among the inferior fort, and being whiſpered by collonell
Potley, that the governor expected to be payd for his
drinke, which he ufually fold to the paffengers, White-
locke ordered the reckoning to be payd, and hafted from
this honorable ale-houſe to his coach.
It was about four a'clocke in the afternoon when White-
locke went from Tremon, from whence to Lubec is two
dutch miles, that is, eight of our engliſh miles; and com
ming with fuch a trayne, and to paffe the ufuall ceremony
in fuch cafes to the lords of Lubec, Whitelocke fent Monf.
Bark-
•
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
28F
Barkman, and one of his fervants before, to falute the lords 1654
of Lubec in the name of the protector, as friends to the
common-wealth of England, and to advertiſe them, that June 7.
the engliſh ambaſſador, having occafions to paffe through
this citty, and to be there this day, he thought it requifite
to give them notice of it.
In the mid-way between Tremon and Lubec, they came
to a ferry over the Trave; the boate was large enough to
carry att once two coaches and many horſes.
Att each end of the ferry-boate, fuch artificiall worke is
made with plankes, that it ferves both att the comming in
and going out of the boate, meeting with the plankes on
each ſide of the fhoare: by the weight of coach, horſes,
waggons, cattle, or men, the plankes are fo wrought, that
they rife and fall according to the weight uppon them, and
fo as both thofe on the fhore and the ends of the boate
come to be even, and without more trouble in the paffing
over them then a bridge would be.
The great company, and fome mishap of tearing one of
his coaches, hindered Whitelocke's journey; butt they
went on in good time. About an engliſh mile before they
came to Lubec, fome company appearing on the roade,
Whitelocke's lacquayes alighted out of their waggons, and
Whitelocke was mett uppon the way by an antient perfon
of a good portly carryage, with a great white beard, and
a greater ruffe he was attended with four coaches, the
firſt had fix good horſes in it, and was handſome butt not
rich; the gentleman being alighted, and then Whitelocke
alſo, he came and faluted Whitelocke, and ſpake to him in
the High Dutch, to this effect.
VOL. II.
N n
66
My
་
282
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 7.
"My lord ambaſſador,
"My mafters, the lords of Lubec, have fent me with
"their coaches to conduct your excellence into their citty,
"and to bid you wellcome hither; and to affure you like-
wife, that whatſoever this citty will afford fhall be att
your excellency's fervice."
66
6.6
Whitelocke returned this anfwear.
"Sir,,
“I eſteem it an honor to receive this reſpect from the:
lords of Lubec, your maſters, for which, ere long, E
"hope to have the opportunity to give them thankes, and;.
in the meane time, give me leave to acknowledge your
"civility."
This perſon they call the marſhall of the town,, whom
the lords fent to meet Whitelocke, to anfwear his civility of
fending to them, which they tooke kindly.
Then a young gentleman, well mounted and habited,
mett Whitelocke on the way with a pacquett of three weeks
letters from England, which, he faid, Mr. Miffenden, his
father, received from Mr. Bradefhaw, the protector's refi-
dent att Hambourgh, with order to fend them to White--
locke to Lubec..
Whitelocke went into the coach of the lords of Lubec;
with him were the marſhall, and collonell Potley to inter-
pret for him.
!
The
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
283
June 7.
The countrey, through which they paffed, was pleafant 1654.
and fruitfull, ftored with groves, and fields of corne not
inclofed, butt much like the champion countryes of Eng-
land, only more woody, and feemed the pleaſanter to thoſe
who were lately come out of Sweden, and from the Bal-
tick fea. Part of the countrey was the dutchy of Mecklen-
bergh, and part of it Holſtein.
When they drew neer the citty, Whitelocke ordered that
his ſtaffiers, and lacquayes in their liveryes, fhould walke
by his coach bare, and his pages after them; then his gen-
tlemen, and others, in the other coaches and waggons, in
which equipage they entered the citty.
Att the firſt fort they faluted Whitelocke with three pieces
of ordnance, and att the gates of the citty were good
guards, with their muſketts; the streets were filled with
people, and many in the windowes, not fo many men as
women; and thofe of the beft ranke and habit were with
their bodyes and fmocke fleeves, like the maides in England
in hott weather; heere the beſt women, whofe age will
beare it, are thus habited, and with it fometimes riche
clothes and jewells.
When they were come into the citty, the marſhall tooke
his leave of Whitelocke, faying, that he muft goe to the-
lord, to advertiſe him of Whitelocke's arrivall.
Whitelocke paffed through a great part of the towne be-
fore he came to the inne appointed for his reception, which
was fayrer without then within doores; the roomes for
cating and lodging neither handfome nor well finiſhed.
Nn 2
About
284
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
About halfe an hower after he was come to the inne, the
lords of the town fent one of their officers to him, to know
June 7.
what time he would be pleaſed to appoint for them to come
and falute him. Whitelocke anfweared, that whenfoever
they thought fitt to doe him the honor to vifit him, they
fhould be wellcome, and left them to the time which fhould:
be moft convenient for their own occafions.
8.
Being fettled, and att a little quiet, he read his letters:
from England. Thurloe acquaints him, that the iſſue of his.
negotiation, and the prudent conduct of it, had very good:
acceptance in England, whither his returne was much
wifhed and prayed for. Then he informes him of all the
newes, both forein and domeſtick, and the readines of the
protector to fend fhips for him to Hambourgh..
From Mr. Cokain he had feverall letters about his bills of
exchange, and other perticular affayres: he had alfo letters,
from Mr. Taylor, from refident Bradeſhawe, from his wife,,
and from ſeverall loving friends in England.
In the morning, the lords of Lubec fent againe to White-
locke, to know what time they might come to vifit him; he
anfweared, att their own time, and that they fhould be-
wellcome to him within an hower: there came to him.
Martin Bokel, doctor of the lawes, fyndick of the citty,
of good reputation for his learning and abilities, Jerome
Bilderbeck and Matthew Rodde, fenators and lords of the
citty. The fyndick ſpake in french to Whitelocke to this
effect: "That, by commaund of the lords of this citty, thofe
gentlemen, part of their number, and himſelfe, were come
in the name of the lords of Lubec to falute Whitelocke, and
to
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
285
to bid him wellcome to their citty; that they rejoiced att 1654.
his fafe arrivall heer, and for the good fucceffe of thoſe
affayres wherin he had bin imployed."
Whitelocke anſweared them in french, the fame language
in which they ſpake to him, and which is expected in theſe
parts, to this effect: "That the lords of Lubec had tefti-
fyed much reſpect to the protector of England by the honor
done to his fervant, of which he would informe his highnes;
and, in the meane time, he thanked them for the favour of
this vifit."
After many complements, Whitelocke gave them the pre-
cedence into his lodging, which is the cuftome heer, as in
Sweden; and their difcourfe was in french in theſe matters
of ceremony: being fate togither in his bed-chamber, the
fyndick told Whitelocke, that he had a meffage to deliver to
him from his lords; and, according to the cuſtom in matters
of buifnes, he defired to deliver what he had to fay in latin,
and then ſpake to him in the following oration*
"Illuftriffime et excellentiffime domine legate,
"Ampliffimus fenatus lubicenfis grato animo recognofcit,,
"celeberrimam nationem Anglicanam, multiplici favore à
"multis retro annis, populum mercatorefq; hujus civitatis
66
6 C
affeciffe, atq; etiam fæviente inter utrafq; refpublicas du-
riffimo bello, incolas noftras gratiam, et, ex occafione
fuarum navium ad mare captarum, juftitiam accepiffe:
ampliffimus fenatus humillimè gratias fuas refert, quas
"melius teftari non potuerunt, quam erga perfonam illius
"conditionis tantæq; eminentiæ quantæ excellentiam
"veftram effe acceperant, fuo fpeciali refpectu, ad hæc cum.
"etiam extraordinarii legati munere à clariflimo illo ftatu
3.
66
nunc
June 8.
* See ap•.
pendix.
B. B.
for tranf
lation
2
JOURNAL OF THE
286
+
1654.
.
med 65
June &.
·
66
nunc digniffimè fungatur. Gratulatur ampliffimus fenatus
negotiationis ab excellentia veftra peracta fælicem fuc-
ceffum, ut et tanti viri in fuam civitatem adventum:
Quod fi apud fe in fua civitate aliquid fit excellentiæ
"veftræ acceptu dignum, illud quicquid fit offerre in man-
"datis habemus.
66
"Dolore etiam afficitur fenatus, fe tam fero de excellen-
"tiæ veftræ adventu certiorem effe factum, ut rationes unde
"tantus hofpes, et qui in ipfius comitatu funt, pro merito
exciperentur; melius inire non potuerit, fe tamen fperare
" à clementia veftra ipfis id crimini non datum iri.
66
‘દ
66
Per
nos rogant hujus urbis magiftratus, excellentiæ veftræ
placeat, cervifiæ Lubicenfis viniq; Rhenani (quod off-
"ciariis excellentiæ veftræ tradi curaverant) parvulum utut
"munus boni confulere.
66
66
66
"Excellentiffime domine, candore veftro freti fperamus,
non nobis id vitio datum iri, fi etiam hoc temporis articulo
paucula ex rebus noftris veftræ excellentiæ confideranda
proponamus: intempeftivè fatemur importuni fumus, fed
"certiores facti, non diuturnam fore veftram in civitate noſtra
moram, id folliciti timemus, ne aliquando nobis fimilis
"offeratur opportunitas; ideo à dominis noftris jubemur
"excellentiam veftram certiorem facere, quam plures hujus
66
urbis naves inter navigandum negotii caufa, occurrentes
"navibus præliaribus Anglis, ab iifdem examen fubiiffe,
“liberatas tamen extemplò et dimiffas, quod nihil fuppeti-
"arum hoftibus veftris contuliffe deprehendebantur; nihil-
"ominus eafdem naves à quibufdam privatis veftris capto-
"ribus, Capers dictis, non multò poft apprehenfas fuiffe,
et huc ufq; detentas effe, magno dominorum detrimento.
-66
66
Sperat
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
287
June 8,
"Sperat ampliffimus fenatus, intercedente excellentia 1654.
"veftra, ex juftitia et favore domini protectoris, reftituti-
"onem earundem fecundum jus et æquum fuo populo
"futurum, quem in finem, tam magiftratus, quàm hujufce
"civitatis populus fuppliciter rogat favorem et amicitiam
"celfitudinis fue domini protectoris, et illuftriffimæ rei-
publicæ Angliæ, in iis, quæ vel commercia vel etiam alia.
fpectant, poffe fibi continuari.”
66
66
After a little pawfe, Whitelocke made anfwear in latin to
the fyndick's fpeech, to the effect following*.
66
<4
"Spectatiffimi viri,.
* See ap- -
pendix
C. C.
for tranfe
lation,
"Rectè à vobis obfervatum, eft, antiquam fuiffe, inter
populum Anglicanum civefq; lubicenfes, amicitiam et
mutuam officiorum benevolentiam ; nec defuiffe unquam
"nobis, data occafione, domini mei domini protectoris rei--
"publicæ Angliæ, Scotia, et Hiberniæ, animum benevolentiffi--
"mum, quem integrum adhuc à fereniffima fua celfitudine
erga vos confervari nullus dubito..
66
"Nec fufpicio mihi eft, quin ampliffimus fenatus, hujufq;
"celeberrimæ urbis liberi cives, dominum meum dominum
66
protectorem, honore omni debito profequentur, et bene-
"volo affectu quotquot Anglorum, commercii aut conver-
"fationis caufâ, apud vos appellere voluerint.
"Referte, quæfo, meo nomine, ampliffimo hujus civitatis :
"fenatui, gratias ob refpectum erga dominum meum do-
"minum protectorem, rempublicamq; Anglicanam, in ho- .
"norificâ mei eorum miniftri receptione fignificatum, tam.
"in appulfu meo ad fuum portum, quàm ad civitatem fuamı
" aditu, nec non in munere quod mihi offerre ipfis placuit:
"honori.
288
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. "honori duco quod per me, in fuis negotiis, dominum pro-
"tectorem compellare ipfis vifum eft, quod munus in me
libenter recipio præftandum, quamprimum Deo placuerit
June 8.
66
66
ad fereniffimam fuam celfitudinem mihi reditum indul-
gere, cui id curæ eft, ut unicuiq; quod eft juris uniuſcu-
jufque tribuatur. Non equidem dubito, quin particularia
"favoris et refpectûs erga hanc celeberrimam civitatem fpe-
cimina re ipfa effecta comperiamini."
The fyndick replyed in french, that they did give many
thankes to Whitelocke, in that he was pleaſed to take in fo
good part the refpect of this citty to him, and defired, that
if there were any thing heer which might doe him ſervice,
that he would command it: Whitelocke fayd, he came by
this citty in a defire to fee it, and the fortifications of it,
which, if they pleaſed to give him leave to doe, he fhould
take it as a favour.
They faid, that, even now, the fenate had ordered Mon-
fieur Bilderbeck and the commaunder of their forces to
waite uppon Whitelocke, att fuch time as he ſhould appoint,
to view the citty, with their fortifications and magazines,
and whatſoever heer fhould be thought by him worthy of
his fight.
Whitelocke thanked them, and difcourfed touching the
governement of the citty, and what lawes they ufed: to
which the fyndick anfweared, that their governement was
chiefly and generally by the municipall lawes and cuftomes
of the citty.
Of thefe gentlemen, and others, Whitelocke learned that
this citty is the chiefe and moſt antient of the Hans townes
of Germany, and a kind of free ſtate; that they have power
to
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
289
June 8.
to fend commiffioners, as publique minifters, to any forein 1654.
prince or ſtate, to treat and conclude with them about any
matters relating to their citty; and that, without the leave
or knowledge of the emperor.
The people of the citty chiefly are the marchants and ar-
tificers, most of them tradefimen; and both they, who are
maſters, and their fervants, being conftantly imployed in
trades and perfonall buifneffes, they are the leffe troublefome
in the governement of them as to the criminall part, idle-
nefs, being the mother of miſchiefe, caufeth quarrells and
debaucheries, from whence pilferings, robberies, fightings,
and murders doe arife; butt where people are kept to oc-
cupations, traffique, and imployments (as they are heer), it
breedes civility, peaceablenes of difpofition, defire of reft
and quiet, and a plentifull fubfiftance, and gives leffe oc-
cafion of proceedings in criminall offences.
Butt as to fuits uppon bargains and contracts, they are
the more, bicauſe there be fo many contracts as marchants
and tradefinen muſt make; yett thoſe fuits are heer brought
to a ſpeedy determination within themſelves, by their ordi-
nary judges, which are three, and ufually aflifted with a
doctor or licenciate in the lawes, who are in great eſteem in
this countrey.
Theſe judges commonly fitt thrice a week to determine
civill controverfies, which they doc by their own lawes and
cuſtomes, which alfo have much affinity to the civil law,
especially as to the formes and manners of their proceedings;
and where the matter contended for exceeds the value of
1000 ricks dollers, there the party grieved may, if he
pleaſe, appeale from the fentence of thefe judges to the
imperiall chamber att Spires, as they allò doe in capitall
VOL. II.
cauſes;
О о
290
JOURNAL OF THE
!
1
1654. cauſes; butt civill caufes under the value of 1000 dollers
are finally determined within themſelves, and no appeale
lyes from them.
June 8.
They acknowledge the emperor as their protector, butt
afford him no gabells or taxes, butt what their deputies,
whom they elect and fend to the generall diette of the em-
pire, doe affent unto.
Their chiefe officers are a burgh mafter, like our major,
twenty-four fenators, like our common councell, and a
fyndick, as our recorder. Theſe are the chiefe councell
and judicatory of the citty, and order all the publique af-
fayres therof; only in fome extraordinary occafions of
making lawes, or forein treatyes, matters of warre and
peace, the people of the town make choice of deputies,
fometimes forty or fifty, more or leffe, as they pleaſe, who
fitt and confult with the fenate, and by their votes by the
people, who willingly ſubmit therunto.
·
The town houfe of their Guildhall is reaſonably fayre, not
extraordinary.
Their court of juftice is below, att the upper end of a
large hall, made four fquare, with feats, like the court of
exchequer in England; above this is another court or
councell houſe, greater then that belowe, which is for the
meeting of the deputies of the Hans Townes, who ufually
all affemble heer: they have alſo ſeverall other chambers for
the meetings and confultations of their own ſenators and
officers, about the affayres of the citty.
In the afternoon, the commaunder or lieutenant generall
of the forces of the town, whom they call obrift lieutenant,
Monfieur
3
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
291
Monfieur Andreas Keifer, and the fenator Bilderbeck, came, 1654.
with four of the citty coaches, to accompany Whitelocke to
fee the town and fortifications of it.
The fenator ſpake only June 8.
latin; the lieutenant fpake good french; they went through
moſt parts of the towne, and found the figure of it exactly
done in painting in a table in their magazin, with the forti-
fications of it: uppon the view of the whole town, it feemed
a pleaſant and noble citty.
It is of great antiquity, freedome, priviledges, trade,
politie, and ſtrength; few in theſe parts exceeding it. Not
unhealthfull in the fituation, beautifull in the buildings,
profitable in the commerce, ftrong in the fortifications, and
rich in the inhabitants.
The ſtreets are large and fayre, kept clean and ſweet
the houſes built of bricke, generally uniforme, moft in the
frontispices, and covered with tile: att the entry into them,
ufually the firſt and lower roome is largeft, paved with
Orland ftone, full of ftreakes of red and white, and fome
with black and white rich marble.
In this firſt roome they uſe to fett their beſt houſhold ſtuffe,
as the chiefe roome for intertainment; yett they will alſo
in fome part of the roome have a partition with boards, above
a man's height, for a kitchin, where they dreffe meate, and
hang their bacon and other provifion, which are not out of
fight nor finelle; and heer alfo in this roome fome of their
goods of marchandiſe are placed; butt the better fort keep
their houfes more neate, and have kitchens and larders out
of viewe.
In the fecond ſtory are ordinarily the lodging roomes,
and fome for intertainment; the third and fourth ftories are
002
granaries
!
292
JOURNAL OF THE
">
J
1654. granaries and ſtore-houfes, which they hold better for fuch
ufes then cellars and lower roomes, which they fay cauſe
dammage to the commodities.
June 8.
The countrey about, for a league, and in fome parts two
leagues, or more, belongs to the citty, is within their jurif-
diction, and is fruitfull and pleafant, fweetly watered by
the Trave, adorned by the groves and meadowes, and many
pleaſant ſummer houſes for the recreation of the cittizens.
The town is regularly and ftrongly fortefyed; the more,
being fcituated in a plaine and lowe countrey, with the
rivers and waters about it; the grafts of the workes are
large and deep, full of water on all fides: between the bull-
warkes are large places, fufficient to draw togither 500 men
in each vacant place; and on the banks of fome of the
ditches are lowe thorne hedges, kept cutt, as good for de-
fence as palizadoes. There be many pieces of ordnance
mounted on ſeverall parts of the workes, chiefly on the bull-
warkes, and divers of them are demy cannon: the forti-.
fications are about a league in compaffe; the Trave furnifheth
water for all the grafts, and the earth with which the lines.
are made, is of a good fort, and well turfed.
They are well ftored with armes and ammunition,
which Whitelocke was admitted to fee in their arcenall,
which is a large houfe; in the lower roome were twelve
morter pieces of ſeverall ſizes, and 200 pieces of braffe ord-
nance, founded in the towne, fome of them great cul-
verin, one of an extraordinary length: butt there was
neither powder nor balle; that was kept elſewhere; butt heer
were the utenfells to loade and cleanfe the gunnes, hung up
in order; and the carryages were ftrong and good.
The
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
293
June 8.
The ſtory above this was furniſhed with armes, few for 1654.
horſe or pike-men, butt many mufketts and fwords difpofed w
in rankes the whole length of the roome, with bandaliers
between, and cafes for bulletts beneath: att the upper end
of the roome hung certain great fwords, with which traitors
had bin beheaded; at the lower end of the roome were
many halberts; divers of the musketts were firelockes,
others for match, and fome with double barrells. There was
in all (by conjecture) armes for 12,000 foot, few pikes or
horfe armes, butt mufketts, as moft ufefull for a town; and,
according to the cuftome in theſe parts,, where the com-
panies in the town-militias are only musketiers, they hold-
ing pikes not proper, butt in the field, and againſt horfe.
The forces of this citty conftantly in pay are 1500 men,
befides twenty-five companies of the cittizens, each com-
pany confifting of 200 men, and two troupes of horfe of the
cittizens.
Their chiefe ftrength under God, confifting in the bodyes
of their cittizens, proper and ftout men, who, if they come
to fight pro aris et focis, for religion, liberty, wives, and
children, and eftates, for their all, are full of courage; not
like mercenary, unfixt, unfaithfull men, whofe trade is in
bloud, and who are pefts to mankind.
Att their guildhall, they intertained Whitelocke and his
company with wine and fweet-meats, butt not profufely :
after a long and large toure, they brought Whitelocke back
to his inne, and did him the honor to fup with him; and,
with much refpect and civility, the obrift lieutenant and
fenator, after fupper, tooke their leaves of Whitelocke.
Divers
!
294
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 8.
Divers men and women of the best quality of the cittizens
came with their children to Whitelocke's inne to fee him,
and many of them would ftand by whileft he was at meales:
he cauſed his people to fhow all civility to them, as himſelfe
did, faluting the gentlemen, and feeming to offer to kiffe
the womens hands, the falutation of the lip not being in theſe
countryes allowed.
The lords fent a guard of twelve mufquetiers to attend
Whitelocke, which were placed att his doore, and in the
ftreet, and relieved by others during the time of Whitelocke's
ſtay heer, as an expreffion of their refpects to him.
The town mufitians, who were mafters, well accoutred
and behaved, and played fome engliſh leffons, and the
town trumpetts and drummes, came likewife to fhow their
refpects to Whitelocke, butt the more readily, in expecta-
tion of fome reward from him; which expences cannot
honorably be avoyded.
Whitelocke's four pages, eight lacquayes, and four
groomes, beſides the gentlemens lacquayes, in his livery,
walked bare by his coach fide when he went abroade; him-
felfe was in his plaine grey english cloth fuite, with the
queen of Sweden's jewell att his breaft: the people were
full of respect to him in their falutations as he paffed by
them.
The fecretary of the english company att Hambourgh
came to Whitelocke, from the refident and company there,
to invite him to the english houſe there, with expreffion of
much ceremony and refpect to him as their countryman.
Whitelocke
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
295
June 8.
Whitelocke was not willing to ftay longer then one day 1654.
in this town, and therfore ordered his officers to make pre-
parations of horfes and waggons to remove from hence to-
morrowe; and underſtanding that it was forty engliſh miles
from hence to Hambourgh, and much of the way badde,
he thought it too long a journey for him, with fo great a
trayne and hired horfes, to travayle in one day, and ther-
'fore ordered to goe from hence to-morrow in the afternoon,
to lye att a village midway between Lubec and Hambourgh.
The lords of Lubec, with much courtefy, offered him to
lodge in a houfe of theirs three leagues from hence, and to
make make ufe of their horfes; butt he thought it not con-
venient, the houfe not being furnished, and their horfes not
ufed to travayle, and he having fent before to the village
midway to take up his quarters; for which reafons he ex-
cuted it to the lords, yett with many thankes for their cour-
teous offers.
Severall gentlemen of the english company at Hambourgh, 9..
and among them his nephew, Sir Humphrey Benett's fon,
came hither to vifit and accompany Whitelocke to Hain-
bourgh.
The fenators, and fyndick, and obrift lieutenant, who
had bin before with Whitelocke, came to take their leaves
of him. From them and others Whitelocke learnt, that the
religion profeffed in this citty is after the doctrine of Luther,
and the Auguftine confeffion; yett fome Calvinifts are per-
mitted (though not publiquely) among them, and fome
papifts are allo connived att, though not publickly tollerated
to exerciſe their worflip; yett fome of them live in a col-
ledge of cannons, who have a fayre houfe and good reve-
nues in this citty.
They
296
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 9.
They have many images and crucifixes in their churches:
one, made of earth, of the Virgin Mary, very exactly, is be-
lieved by many good wives of the town, that, uppon wor-
fhiping and praying to it, they fhall become fruitfull.
In the fame church is a rare tablet of the paſſion of
our Saviour, admired by artifts for the rare painting and
lineaments of it. Above the altar, is a little image of our
Lady, fo contrived with wires faſtened to it, that one, being
hid on the other fide of it, may make it turne forward and
backward, to the admiration of the multitude of fpectators,
who know by the motion of the image, whither the offer-
ings which they make, and lay uppon the altar, be accept-
able or not if one gives a fmalle offering, the image turnes
away from it in difdaine of it; if it be a fatt offering, it
turnes towards it, in token of acceptance; and though they
tell theſe ftories themfelves, yett ftill they retaine thefe
images and trumperies among them.
This church is of a good length and breadth, butt the
height is not proportionable: it hath few monuments of
note, only fome of their bishops and channons, among
which one is indeed remarkable, which they will needs have
to be believed, where a channon was buryed fome hundreds
of years fince, yett, now, fometimes is heard to knocke in
his grave, wheruppon inftantly fome one or other of his
furviving brethren, the channons, gives up the ghoſt, and
comes to the dead channon att his call.
From hence Whitelocke went and viewed the other
churches, all alike furniſhed with images and crucifixes, and
full of pewes, fitted according to the quality of the parifhi-
oners: the churches are built of bricke, and fome of them
covered
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
297
covered with copper, which they brought from Swęden in 1654.
elder times.
They uſe a litturgy, not much differing from our old book
of common-prayer: their minifters are grave and formall;
they commend them for pious and learned, and good
preachers; butt Whitelocke, not having the favour to fee
one of them att his lodging, can give the leffe perticular
account of them.
Whitelocke alſo learnt, that the trade of this citty is the
moſt of any town on this fide the Baltick ſea, having a con-
venient port or roade att Tremon, belonging to this citty,
from whence they ſend into all parts of that fea, and have
the advantage for the commerce of copper, deale, hempe,
flaxe, pitch, tarre, and all the commodities of thofe parts;
and by this port, they fave the trouble and charge of going
about through the Sundt, which Southerne marchants doe.
June 9.
Before the Swedes had much traffique, and built their
own fhips, and imployed their own marriners, which is not
antient, Lubec did more flourish, and had the fole trade of
Sweden, and of venting their commodities againe into all
parts of the world; wherby the Lubecers grew great and
rich, eſpecially by the copper and iron, which they brought
from Sweden hither, and wrought it into utinfells and armes,
and then carryed it back to Sweden for the uſe of the inha-
bitants there; who, growing in time more wife, and learn-
ing to worke their own materialls, and to build and imploy
their own fhips in trade, and the citty of Hambourgh grow-
ing up and increafing in trade, and perticularly by the
ftaple for english cloth being there fettled, and thofe of
Lubec not admitting ftrangers among them, their town be-
gan to decay, and to leffen in their trade and wealth, and
VOL. II.
PP
is
298
JOURNAL OF THE
}
1654. is not now fo confiderable as in former times: yett ftill they
drive a good trade into the Baltick fea, and other parts,
June 9. butt not with fo great ſhips as others ufe, which they build
att home of about 150 and 200 tunnes; and they affirme,
that they have built heer fhips of 400 tunnes, butt there
is difficulty for them to goe downe to the river, by reafon
of the ſhallowes, which yett ferves to bring up their com-
modities in great boates by the river, from the fhips to this
towne. They find the fmaller veffells ufefull for their trade;
and to build them, they are provided of good ftore of
timber out of Germany, Denmarke, and Sweden; and by
their confent, the king of Denmarke doth fometimes make
uſe of their town and carpenters to build fhips for himfelfe.
About three a'clocke in the afternoon, the baggage and
moſt of Whitelocke's inferior fervants went away: the lords
offered Whitelocke a party of their horfe for the guard of
his perfon; butt he (with many thankes for their courteſy)
refuſed it, having ftore of company well armed of his own
retinue, befides fome English of Hambourgh who were come
to him.
The Lubecers commended the fobriety and plainneſs of
Whitelocke and his company; only they faid, his liveryes
were very noble; and they wondered that they faw no
more drinking among them, and that he had fo conftant
exerciſes of religious dutyes in his family.
The fenators and fyndick came againe to complement
Whitelocke for the lords, and to wifh him a good journey;
and, after ceremonies paft, about four a'clocke in the after-
noon, Whitelocke tooke his coach for Hambourgh; he had
another coach and four waggons for his people as he
paffed through the ftreets, multitudes of all forts ftood to fee
1.
him
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
299
Att the gates were 1654.
him goe by, reſpectively faluting him.
guards of foldiers, and having paft the laſt port, they faluted
him with three pieces of ordnance, according to their
cuftome, butt with no vollies of fmalle fhott; and fo he
tooke his leave of Lubec.
Being come into the roade, and his pages and lacquayes
in their waggons, he made what hafte he could in his jour-
ney with hired horfes, and fo much company.
The countrey was pleafant and fruitfull, groves of wood,
fields of corne, paftures, brookes, and meadowes adorning
it it is an open campaigne; few hedges, butt fome little
ones made with drye wood, like our hurdles, for fencing
their gardens and dividing their corn grounds.
The way was exceeding bad, efpecially for this time of
the year, full of deep holes and floughs in fome places, and
of
great ftones in others. This dutchy of Holtſtein feems to
take its name from Holt, which, with them, and in Sweden,
and with us, fignifics wood, and ftein, which is a ſtone;
and this countrey is very full of wood and ftone: yett is
it fruitfull, and, like England, delightfull to the view,
butt it is not fo full of townes, there not being one in
the way between Lubec and this night's quarter, which is
five german, twenty engliſh, miles. Butt a few finalle houſes
lye fcattered by the way; and about four miles from Kettell,
this night's lodging, was a fayre brick houfe by the fide of
a large pond, which is the houfe belonging to Lubec, where
they offered Whitelocke to be intertained, and he found
cauſe afterwards to repent his not accepting their courtely.
When they came to the lamentable lodging taken up for
him this night, they found in all butt two beddes for their
Pp 2
whole
June 9.
300
JOURNAL OF THE
1654, whole company: the beddes were made only of ftrawe and
fleas mingled togither; the antichamber was like a great
June 9. barne, wherin was the kitchin on the one fide, the ſtable on
the other fide; the cattle, hogges, waggons, and coaches
were alſo in the fame great chamber togither.
30.
They made themſelves as merry as they could in this
poſture, Whitelocke cheering and telling them, that it was
in their way home, and therfore to be borne with the leffe
regret.
They of the houſe excufed the want of accommodations,
bicauſe the warre had raged there, and the foldiers had pil-
laged the people of all they had, who could not yett recover
their former happy and plentifull condition; which was not
helpfull to Whitelocke and his people, who muſt take things
as they were, and make the beſt ſhift they could.
His officers had provided meate fufficient for them; he
cauſed freſh ſtraw enough to be layd all over the roome,
which was the more tollerable in this hott feafon : he him-
felfe lay in one of his coaches, his fons, and fome of his
fervants in itrawe, near him; the reft of the company, men
and women, on ftraw, where they choſe to lye in the roome,
only affording place for the horfes, cows, fheep, and hogges,
which quartered in the fame chamber togither with this good
company.
In his coach (through God's goodnes) Whitelocke flept
well, and all his people on the ground on freth ftrawe, yett
not fo foundly as to hinder their early rifing this morning,
when they were quickly ready, none having bin putt to the
trouble of undreifing themſelves the laft night.
His
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
301
1
His carryages, twelve great waggons, went away about 1654.
four a'clocke this morning; fome of the gentlemen's fervants
June 10.
in the vanne, one uppon each waggon; his porter, butlers,
and others, in a waggon in the reare, with ftore of piftolls,
fcrewed gunnes, fwords, and other armes, for their defence.
Whitelocke came forth about fix a'clocke with his own
two coaches, and eight waggons, for the reſt of his followers
in fome of their waggons they drive three horſes on breaft, and
each waggon will hold eight perfons: they paffed by better
houſes in this dorp then that where they quartered, which the
harbingers excufed, comming thither late, and being
ftrangers.
The countrey was ftill Holtftein, of the fame nature as
yeſterday; in the lower grounds they faw many ſtorkes, one
wherof was killed by one of Whitelocke's company with
his gunne, a thing not indured heer, where they are very
fuperftitious, and hold it an ill omen where any of them is
killed butt Whitelocke (bleffed be God!) found it not foe,
yett he warned his people not to kill any of them, to avoyd
offence to the countrey, who report that theſe birdes will not
refort to any place, butt where the people are free, as in the
united provinces, where they have many of them, and doe
carefully preferve them, and neer to Hambourgh and other
Hans townes.
About a mile from Kettell is a great gate croffe the high
way, where they take tolle for the duke of Holtflein of all
the waggons and carryages, a loup fchilling a-piece, that
is little more then an English penny: this gate they flutt
against Whitelocke; butt being informed who he was, they
prefently opened it agayne, and a gentleman came to White-
locke's coach fide, excufing the fhutting of the gate, being
before
302
JOURNAL OF THE
June 10.
1654. before they knew who it was that paffed by. He told White-
locke the cuftome and right of this tolle, butt that nothing
was demaunded of ambailadors, who were to paffe freely,
efpecially the ambaffador of the protector and common-
wealth of England, to whom the duke, his mafter, he ſaid,
was a friend: Whitelocke thanked the gentleman for his
civility, acknowledging the protector to be a friend to the
duke, and fo they paffed on.
About a mile and a halfe before they came to Hambourgh,
captain Parkes of the Prefident frigott, and captain Minnes
of the Elizabeth frigott, mett Whitelocke on the way, and
told him all was well in England, and that, by commaund
of the protector, they had brought thoſe two frigotts into
the Elve to tranſport him into England. Whitelocke told
them, he was very gladd to fee them, eſpecially on this
occafion.
}
As they were walking and difcourfing of the fhips and
their voyage, a great number of perfons and coaches, the
rendent Bradeſhawe, with the treaſurer, the doctor, their
minister, and almoſt all the engliſh company, with twenty-
two coaches, came to meet Whitelocke on the way, and to
bring him with the more refpect to Hambourgh.
All alighted out of their coaches, and, after falutations,
the refident told Whitelocke, that the occafion of their
comming forth was to teflify their reſpects to Whitelocke,
and to defire him to doe their company the honor to accept
of the english houfe att Hambourgh for his intertainment.
Whitelocke gave them hearty thankes for their reſpects to
the protector, and to the common-wealth, wherof they
were members, in this honor which they did to their fervant :
4
he
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
303
he accepted of their courteous offer, defiring the company 1654.
and converſation of his countreymen above all others.
They walked a little on foot togither, where the lord
refident (fo they ftiled him) fhowed Whitelocke his laft
weeks letters from Thurloe, mentioning the impriſonment
of many, uppon fufpition that they were ingaged in a plott
againſt the protector, and that the ferious confiderable ma-
lignants difcovered it. He alſo delivered to Whitelocke
private letters from his wife, and other friends.
About a mile from the place where they mett, was a fayre
inne by the way fide, where the refident moved Whitelocke
to make a halt and reft himſelfe; bicaufe, if he ſhould
then goe directly to the towne, he would come into it juſt
att dinner time, which would not be convenient: uppon
his perfwafion, and perceiving that a preparation was heer
made, Whitelocke went in, where the english company in-
tertained him with a plentifull dinner att a long table, hold-
ing above fixty perfons. From hence, with Whitelocke's
approbation, the refident, as from himfelfe, fent to the
governor of the militia att Hambourgh (as Whitelocke had
done before to the lords) to advertiſe them of his comming:
the governor returned thanks, and faid, that two fenators
were appointed to receive Whitelocke att the Port.
After dinner they all tooke their coaches: with White-
locke was the refident and treafurer; the reft in the other
coaches, the pages and lacquayes riding and walking by.
The countrey is heer lowe and rich, fprinkled with rivers,
and adorned with many neat and fweet houtes, belonging
to the cittizens of Hambourgh, who refort to thole homes
in the fummer time, with their families, to have the freſh aier.
Almoft
س
June 10.
304
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654.
Almoſt an engliſh mile before they came to the towne,
the high-way was full of people, come forth to fee White-
June 10. locke paffe by: att the Port were no fenators to receive him,
*See ap.
butt great guards of mufquetiers and multitudes of all forts
of people, there and through all the ſtreets unto his lodg-
ing, thronging fo, that the coaches could not paffe till the
guards made way. The people were very courteous,
and Whitelocke anfweared, to the meaneft, their civility,
which is pleafing and not coftly: the windowes and doores
were alſo crowded, which ſhowed the populoufnes of the
place, and their expectation as to the common-wealth of
England.
They brought Whitelocke to the english houfe, which is
fayre and large; the firft roome below, according to the
faſhion of Lubec, the chambers, eſpecially where Whitelocke
lay, handfomly furniſhed.
Within halfe an hower after his arrivall, an officer of the
town, in the nature of a mafter of the ceremonies, came
from the lords of the town to bid Whitelocke wellcome
thither, and to know what hower he would appoint for ad-
mittance of fome of the lords to vifit him. Whitelocke re-
turned thankes to the lords for their reſpects, and prayed
the gentleman to tell them, that, whenfoever they pleaſed to
give him the honor of a vifit, they fhould be wellcome to
him.
Within halfe an hower after came two fenators, Heer
pendix Jurgen Van Holtz, and Heer Jacob Silm. After ceremonies
for tranf- paft, Holtz fpake in french to Whitelocke to this effect * :
D. D.
lation.
>
1
"Mon
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
305
56
66
June 10.
"Mon ſeigneur, qui eſtes ambaſſadeur extraordinaire de 1654
"fa fereniffime Alteſſe Oliver, par la Grace de Dieu, feigneur
protecteur de la republique d'Angleterre ; auffi toft que
"les meilleurs de cefte ville ont efté advertis de voftre in-
"tention de paffer par cefte ville icy, ils ont efté defireux
"de telmorgner leurs trés humble refpects à monfieur le pro-
"tecteur et à votre perfonne en particulier, en fuite de
quoi nous avons reçu commandement de vous venir
"aluer, et faire à votre excellence le bien venue en ceſte
ville. Ils font extremement aifes de l'heureux fuccés que
Dieu vous a donné en voſtre negotiation en Suede, et qu'il
luy a pleu auffi vous donner un bon paffage, et favorifer
voſtre retour jufques en ce lieu, aprés avoir furmonté
beaucoup de difficultez, et efchappé beaucoup de dangers,
et nous prions fa divine bonté qu'il vous rende en fauveté
dans votre pays.
Nous fommes auffi commandés de re-
6 6
(6
cognoiftre les faveurs que mon feigneur le protecteur d'une
"fi grande republique a faites à noftre ville et aux habitans
“d'icelle, et particuliérement durant la guerre entre l'An-
66
gleterre et les Pays Bas, en liberant et defchargeant nos
"navires. Nous fouhaitons à ce flouriffant eftat la con-
"tinuation et l'accroiffement de la faveur divine pour leur
"confervation et accroiffement de plus en plus, et nous
elperons que mon feigneur le protecteur continuera avec
"la republique fes faveurs envers noftre ville, qui fera
tous-jours preft de leur rendre tous offices et humbles
refpects."
66
After a little recollection, Whitelocke anfweared in french
to the fenator's fpeech thus:
"Meffieurs, J'ai grande occafion de louer le nom de
"Dieu, de fa protection de moi et de ma fuite, en noftre
longe et perilleux voyage, et pour l'heureux fuccés qu'il
VOL. II.
Q'q
"m'a
306
JOURNAL OF THE
ர்
1654.
June 10.
❝ m'a donné en ma negotiation, et ma fauve arrivée en ce
“lieu, en mon retour en mon pays. Je vous defire de re-
..
66
mercier mes feigneurs les fenateurs de cefte ville du re-
fpect qu'ils ont tefmoigné envers fa fereniffime Alteffe mon
"maiſtre, et la republique d'Angleterre, par l'honneur
"qu'ils ont fait à leur ferviteur, de quoi je ne manquerai
"d'en informer: j'avois grande envie de voir ceſte illuſtre
ville, et mes compatriotes, qui par accord vivent ici, des
66
66
quels j'ai appris avec beaucoup de contentement, que
"leurs priviledges ici eſtoient maintenus par mes ſeigneurs
"les magiftrats, les quels je defire d'eftre informés que fon
"Alteffe mon maiſtre prendra en fort bon part le reſpect
"et la justice qu'on fera aux Anglois qui fe trouvent ici,
"chofe que je croye tournera en advantage aux uns et aux
autres. Je vous rend graces auffi de vos bons fouhaits
pour la proſperité de noſtre nation, à la quelle Dieu a
"donné tant de preuves de fa preſence, et je prie le meſme
"Dieu au pour l'heureux fuccés de cefte ville, et de tous
"les habitans d'icelle."
66
66
After Whitelocke had done, the fenator againe ſpake to
him, defiring him, in the name of the lords of the towne,
to accept a finalle prefent, which they had fent, in teftimony
of their respects towards him, and faid, that it was fomwhat
for his kitchen, and fomwhat for his cellar.
The prefent, which they fent for his kitchen, and was layd
uppon the pavement in the hall, was this.
Fower great whole fturgeons.
Two great freth falmons.
One calfe, two fheep, two lambes.
The preſent for the cellar was,
4
A hogt-
4
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
307
A hogfhead of Spaniſh wine.
A hogfhead of claret wine.
[ 654.
June 10.
A hogfhead of Rhenifh wine.
A hogfhead of Hambourgh beere.
A hogfhead of Serbſter beere.
Whitelocke ordered the men, that brought this prefent, to
to be rewarded with ten ricks dollers. He defired the fe-
nators to returne his hearty thankes to the lords for the
noble preſent which they fent him; and, after many comple-
ments and ceremonies, Whitelocke giving the fenators the
right hand, conducted them to their coach, and fo they
parted.
The engliſh company intertained, with a great fupper,
Whitelocke and his company, who had more mind to fleep
than to eate.
Monfieur Hannibal Sehfthedt, late vice-roy of Norwey, ſent
a gentleman to Whitelocke, to know what time he would
appoint for him to come and viſit Whitelocke, who gave
the ufuall anfwear, that, whenfoever he pleaſed to come, he
fhould be wellcome.
The Lord's day. The Engliſh company and the refident II.
Bradeſhawe defired Whitelocke, that one of his chapleins
might preach in the chappell belonging to the Engliſh in
their houſe, which they faid was a refpect to the ambaffador
of England; and accordingly Mr. Ingelo preached in the
morning, and a very pertinent and good fermon: the
doctor, miniſter to the company heer, preached in the after-
noon, who farre exceeded Mr. Ingelo in the ſtrength of his
voyce and lungs; the which was not neceffary for that chap-
Q 9 2
pell,
308
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654. pell, not being large, butt convenient, and handfomely
made up with pewes and feats fitt for their company.
June 11.
I 2.
The refident fent to the governor to informe him, that
Whitelocke had a defire to fee the fortifications of the town:
he anſweared, that he would ſend one of his lieutenants to
waite on Whitelocke for that purpoſe; butt Whitelocke and
the refident tooke this for no great complement, that him-
felfe came not to Whitelocke.
Much company did Whitelocke the honor to dine with
him; and, after dinner, Monfieur Bernelow, who was an-
baffador from the queen of Sweden to the emperor, and was
now uppon his returne home, came to vifit Whitelocke, and
they had this difcourfe in latin.
Bern. I defire your excellence to excuse me, that I cannot
expreffe myfelfe in french or italian, butt, with your leave, I
deſire to ſpeake to you in latin.
Wh. Your excellence is wellcome to me; and if you
chooſe to expreſſe yourſelfe in latin, you have your liberty,
and I fhall underſtand fomthing of it.
Bern. When I heard of your excellence's arrivall in this
citty, though I purpoſed to have gone from hence, yett I
deferred my journey, to the end I might fee you; bicauſe I
have heard in the emperor's court, as well by letters from
her moſt ſerene majefty of Sweden, as from the chancellor
and other fenators of that kingdome, what great fatisfaction
they had in the english ambaffador, &c. Now the league
of friendſhip being concluded between the two nations, I
hold myſelfe obliged to make this falutation to your ex-
cellence.
Wh.
I
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
309
June 12.
Wh. I have very many thankes to returne to your excel- 1654.
lence for the honor you have done me by this vifit, and for
thefe expreffions of affection and refpect to the protector, my
mafter. I doe acknowledge myfelfe much ingaged to the
ricks chancellor and fenators of Sweden, and, in the first
place, to her majeſty the queen, for their favourable reſpect
towards me, whileft I was in my negotiation with them,
whom I found full of honor, wifdome, and juftice, in their
tranſactions with me.
Bern. I have bin for fome time in the ſervice of the queen,
my miftris, in Germany.
Wh. You mett fome of my countrymen in the court of
the emperor, perticularly a noble lord, whom I have the
honor to know.
Bern. I mett there the earle of Rocheſter, who was att
the diette att Ratifbone,
Wh. What propofalls did he make there?
Bern. He made a kind of precarious propofall, in the
name of the king his maſter.
Wh. Did he obtaine what he defired?
Bern. He did not much prevayle in it; only he obtained
a verball promiſe of fome money, butt had no performance.
1
Wh. What occafion hath drawne your generall Kuningſ-
marc with his forces att this time before Bremen ?
Bern.
310
JOURNAL OF THE
June 12.
1654. Bern. It was thus by miftake occafioned. The earle of
Lunenbergh had covenanted with the fpanish ambaffador to
levy fome foldiers for the fervice of the king of Spayne,
which levyes he began without acquainting the governor of
that circle with it, who, taking this occafion, and bearing
ill will to the earle, drew out fome forces to oppoſe thoſe
levyes: Kuningſfmarc underſtanding this, and jealous that
the governor of the Circle deſigned to fall uppon the fort of
the queen of Sweden in thoſe parts, he drew out fome
forces to oppoſe the governor. Thoſe of Bremen, being in-
formed that Kuningfmarc drew out his forces againſt them,
fent fome troupes, who forced the queen's ſubjects to
a contribution, and built a fort uppon the queen's land;
which coming to the knowledge of Kuningfmarc, and that
the governor of the Circle of Weftphalia intended only to
fuppreffe the levyes of the duke of Lunenbergh, and not
to oppofe the queen of Sweden, Kuningfmarc theruppon
marched with his forces to the new fort built by thoſe of
Bremen, tooke it in and finiſhed it, and left there a garrifon
for the queen, not diſturbing the trade of that citty.
Wh. Heer were miſtakes one uppon another, which might
have ingaged that citty and the neighbors, as well as the
crown of Sweden, in a troubleſome warre.
Bern. All is now peaceable and well againe.
They had much other diſcourſe touching the right of the
crown of Sweden to the dutchy of Bremen ; and, after many
complements, the ambaffador tooke his leave.
About four a'clocke in the afternoone, the fenator Holtz
and an antient gentleman, one of the captaines of the
town forces, came and accompanyed Whitelocke, to fhow
him
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
31 I
1
him the town and the fortifications of it, and faid, that the 1654.
lords had commaunded them to doe him this fervice.
Whitelocke went out with them in his ufuall equipage;
his gentlemen walking before the coach, his pages and
lacquayes by it, all bare-headed, and with their fwords.
They viewed moſt parts of the citty, the ſtreets, buildings,
publique houſes, churches, the arcenall, the fortifications,
the fhips, the waters, rivers, and what was remarkable
throughout the towne.
Great multitudes of people, eſpecially att their exchange,
came forth to ſee them as they paſſed by, and all were very
civill to them; to the workes a great many of people alfo
followed them, and continued there with them.
They brought him firft to fee their arcenall, which is a
large houſe, in the lower roomes therof lay about 200 pieces
of ordnance, mounted on good carryages, fitted and uſefull :
they were not founded in this place, butt brought from other
parts; two of them were double cannon, each carrying a
bullett of 48 lb. weight; moſt of the others were demy cannon
and culverin. There were, befides thefe, many fmaller pieces,
and divers morter pieces, fome of which were neer as large
in the diameter as that att Stockholme: in another place were
many fhelles of granadoes, and heaps of cannon bulletts; the
pavement of the roome was all leade two foot deepe, in a
readineſs to make mufquett bulletts, if there ſhould be
occafion.
In the roomes above were armes for horfe and foote, com-
pleatly fixed and kept; the greateſt part of them were
mufquetts between every divifion of the armes were re-
prefentations in painting of foldiers doing their poftures,
and
June 12
312
JOURNAL OF THE
June 12.
1654. and of ſome on horſebacke. Heer were many curiaſſes, and
a great quantity of corcelets, fwords, bandaliers, piſtols, and
bullets. Heer likewife hung certaine old targetts, for monu-
ments rather then ufe, and many engines of warre; as a fcrew
to force open a gate, an inſtrument like a jacke, with wheeles
to carry match for certain howers ſpace, and juſt att the ſett
time, to give fire to a mine, petard, or the like: there were,
in all, armes for about 1500 horſe and 15,000 foote.
They keepe a garrifon conftantly in pay of 1200 foldiers,
and they have forty companies of their cittizens, 200 in each
company, proper men; whoſe intereſt of wives, children,
eſtate, and all, make them the beſt magazin and defence
(under God) for thofe comforts which are moſt deare to
them.
Some paynes were taken by Whitelocke to view their for-
tifications, which are large, of about two German, ten
Engliſh, miles in compaffe; they are very regular, and well
kept within the grafts are hedges of thorne, kept low and
cut, held by them of better ufe then pallifadoes.
:
The bullwarkes are of an extraordinary greatneſs; uppon
every third bullwarke is a houſe for the guardes, and they
are there placed: there is alfo a building of bricke a great
way within the ground uppon the bullwarke, and ſeparate
by itfelfe, where they keepe all their gun-powder; fo that
if by any mifchance or wicked defigne it ſhould blowe up,
yett it could doe no hurt to the towne, being fo feparated
from it.
On every bullwarke there is ſpace enough to draw up and
muſter-1000 men; bejond the grafts are divers halfe moones,
very
1
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
313
very regularly made: the grafts are broade and deep, filled 1654.
with the Elbe on the one fide, and with another fmaller
river on the other fide.
The workes are ftronger, larger, and more regular then
thoſe att Lubec. Above the workes is a piece of ground of
above 500 yards of low ground, gained by induſtry from
the Elbe; here they have milles to keep out or lett in
more or leffe water, as they find uſefull for the towne and
workes.
The lines of one fide of the workes are higher then on the
other fide, and the workes better and ſtronger made.
Heer are alfo mounts of earth rayſed very high to com-
maund without; there wanted no pains nor expence to
putt togither fo great a maffe of earth as is in theſe fortifi-
cations.
Uppon every bullwarke is mounted one demy cannon,
befides other great gunnes; in other places are ſmaller
pieces: round about the workes are great ſtore of ord-
nance, well fitted, mounted and kept, and the platformes
are ftrong and well planked.
Having made a large tour through the greateſt part of
the citty, Whitelocke found it to be pleaſantly fituated,
in a plaine low countrey, fertile and delightfull, alſo
healthfull and advantageous for trade; and notwithſtanding
the great quantity of waters on every fide of it, yett the
inhabitants doe not complaine of agues, or other fickneffes,
to be more rife among them then in other parts.
VOL. II.
Rr
Uppon
June iz.
314
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Uppon one fide is a fmalle river, the which comes a
great way downe the country to this towne, where it looſeth
June 12.
itſelfe in the Elbe, having firſt ſupplyed the citty with wood
and other provifions, brought downe hither by boates, for
which this river (though narrow) is deep enough and na-
vigable.
On the other fide of the towne is the ſtately river of
Elbe, one of the chiefe of thefe parts of Germany, which
alfo, by boates, brings downe out of the countrey great
ſtore of all ſorts of proviſions, and marchantable commodi-
ties; and, which is much more advantage to them, affords
a paffage for marchants hither, and from hence to vent
their marchandizes to all parts of the world. It is the beſt
neighbor they have, and the branches and armes of it
runne through moſt of their ſtreets, by their doores, to the
great advantage of their commerce; and although ſome-
times, uppon an extraordinary rifing of the Elbe to a great
floud, theſe branches of it cover the lower roomes of the
houſes neer them, to the damage of fome owners, yett it
makes amends by the conftant benefit which it brings
with it.
The buildings heer are all of brick, only fome few of
brick and timber putt togither, and are generally faſhion-
ed and uſed, as is before deſcribed, touching the Lubec
houfes.
The diſtrict, or territory, belonging to the towne, is, in
fome places two, in others three, in fome more, german
miles diftant from the citty, in which precinct they have
the jurifdiction and revenue; and neere the town are many
pleafant little houfes and feats, with gardens and accommo-
dations, belonging to the cittizens, to refresh themfelves
and
喜
​SWEDISH AMBASSY.
315
and their wives and children in the fummer-time, to take 1654.
the freſh countrey aier, and to have a diverfion for their
health and pleaſure.
It may be faid of this town, that God hath with-held
nothing from them for their good: they have plenty of pro-
viſions, health, profit, and pleaſure, to their full content-
ment, in a peaceable and juft governement, with free-
dome, ſtrength in their magazins, fortifications, and bodyes
of men, for their defence and protection, conveniences for
their habitation and commerce, and, which is above all, a
liberty to know the will of, and to worship God, for the
health of their own fouls.
June 12.
This morning Whitelocke returned a vifit to the Swedes 13.
ambaſſador, Bernelow, att his lodging, where he learnt of
him the manner of the fitting of the generall diette of Ger-
many, att which he was prefent.
That they have three colledges, or chambers; the firſt is
the colledge of the electors, where they only affemble; the
fecond is the colledge of the princes, where the arch-
biſhops, biſhops, dukes, graves, and barons, meet to the
number of about 140; the third is the colledge of the free
cittyes, where their deputies, about 200, doe meet: when
they confult, the chancellor of the empire, the arch-biſhop
of Mentz, fends the propofall in writing to each colledge,
feverally. When they are refpectively agreed, then all the
colledges meet togither in the great hall, att the upper end
wherof is a chayre of ftate for the emperor; on the right
hand of the chayre the electors fit, on the left hand the
principall officers of the emperor's court; on the right fide
of the hall, uppon feats, are the ecclefiaftique princes,
bihops, and abbots; on the left hand are the temporall
princes,
Rr 2
316
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. princes, uppon their feats; and on the feats below, one
before another, are the deputies of the townes.
June 13.
The arch-biſhop of Mentz, as marſhall of the colledge of
the electors, begins and reades the propofall, and the refolu-
tion theruppon in writing of that colledge; after him, the
marſhall of the colledge of the princes doth the like; and,
laſtly, the marſhall of the colledge of the free townes, who is
is alwayes the chiefe magiftrate of the place where the
diette fits.
If the refolution of the three colledges agrees, or of the
colledge of the electors and one other of the colledges, the
buifnes is determined accordingly: if the colledges doe not
thus agree, then they meet all togither and debate the mat-
ter; wheruppon, if they come not to an accord, the buif-
nes is remitted to another day, or the fuffrage of the empe-
ror decides it.
Whitelocke aſked him, whither the advice of the diette,
being the fupreame publique councell, were binding to the
emperor ?
He ſaid, that the emperor feldome did any thing con-
trary to that advice, butt held himſelfe bound in prudence,
if not in duety, to conforme therunto.
Whitelocke afked him, what opinion they had in the
emperor's court of the prefent king of Sweden? he an-
fweared (as was expected, and most true), that they
have a great opinion of the king, eſpecially for military
aflayres.
Uppon
1
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
317
Uppon Whitelocke's invitation, he did him the honor to 1654.
dine with him, and they had much and good difcourfe to-in
June 13,
gither.
In the afternoone, Whitelocke received a vifit from Monf.
Hannibal Sehfthedt, whofe wife was fifter to Woolfeldt's
lady, one of the daughters of the late king of Denmarke
by his fecond wife (as they terme it, his left handed wife);
this relation, and his own good parts, brought him in high
eſteem with the king his brother-in-lawe, till, by jealou-
fies (perticularly, as was faid, in fome matters of miſtref-
fes) diſtaſt and disfavour was againſt him, and he was putt
out of his office of vice-roy of Norwey, and other advan-
tages; uppon which he retired himſelfe into theſe parts,
and lived uppon a penſion of 6000 dollers yearly, allowed
by the king unto his lady.
Whitelocke found him a gentleman of excellent beha--
viour and abilities, which he had improved by his travayles
in moſt countryes of Europe, and had gayned perfectly,
the french, italian, dutch, engliſh, and latin tounges.
His difcourfe was full of ingenuity and cheerfullnes, and
very free touching his own countrey and king, on whom
he would fomwhat reflect: and he fpake much of the queen
of Sweden's refignation, which he much condemned, and
as much extolled the affuming of the governement by the
protector of England, and faid, he had a defigne fhortly to
fee England, and defired Whitelocke, that, when he came
into England, he would move to the protector to give
him leave to come into England to ferve the protector,
which he would willingly doe, being forbid his own coun-
trey; butt he prayed Whitelocke, that none might know of
this his purpofe butt the protector only. He told White-
locke
*
318
JOURNAL OF THE
}
1654. locke, that Williamſon, the king of Denmarke's ambaſſador
now in England, had bin his fervant, &c.
June 13.
When Monf. Sehfthedt was gone, Whitelocke wrote to
fecretary Thurloe, and to his other friends in England, to
give them an account of his being come thus farre in his
voyage homewards, and of the two frigotts being arrived
in the Elbe, that as foon as the wind would ferve he would
haften for England.
The refident invited Whitelocke, and ſeverall fenators,
to a collation this evening, whither came the four burgh-
mafters, and five other fenators; a thing unufuall for ſo
many of them to meet a forein publique minifter, the
cuſtome being in fuch cafe to depute two or three of their
body, and no more; butt they were willing to doe more
then ordinary honor to Whitelocke: and of theſe nine fe-
nators every one fpake french or latin, and fome both, a
thing rare enough for aldermen of a town; butt the reafon
of it was given, bicauſe heer, for the moſt part, they chooſe
into thofe places doctors and licentiates of the lawes, which
imployments they willingly accept, being for life, attended
with great authority, and a fallary of 1000 crowns yearly,
befides other profits.
They had a banquet and ftore of wine; and the fenators
difcourfed much with Whitelocke touching England, and
the fucceffes of the parlement party, and the many thankf
givings for them; of which they had heard with admiration,
and commended the returne of thankes to God.
Uppon this occafion, Whitelocke gave them an account
of many perticulars, and of God's goodnes to them, and
exhorted thefe gentlemen, in all their affayres, to putt their
truft
6
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
319
truft in God, to be thankfull for his mercyes, and not to 1654.
doe any thing contrary to his will..
June 13.
They aſked how the parlement could gett money enough
to pay their forces? Whitelocke told them, that the people
afforded money fufficient to defray the publique charges
both by fea and land; and that no foldiers were payd and
difciplined, nor officers better rewarded, then thoſe who
have ſerved the parlement..
Whitelocke aſked them concerning the religion profeft
among them, and of their governement and trade, wherin.
they gave him good information; and he told them, he
hoped that the agreement, made by this citty with the mar-
chants, his countreymen, would be carefully obferved, and
the priviledges accorded to them be continued, which
would be acceptable to the protector.
They anſweared, that they had bin very carefull, and
ſhould be ſo ſtill, that, on their part, the agreement ſhould
be exactly obſerved. They defired Whitelocke to ſpeake
to the protector in favour of a ſhip belonging to this town,
in which were fome monies belonging to Hollanders, and
taken by the English two years fince.
Whitelocke pro-
miſed to move the protector in it, and affured them, that
his highnes would cauſe right to be done to them.
Att this collation Whitelocke eate very little, and dranke
only one glaffe of fpanish wine, and one glaffe of ſmalle
beere, which was given him by a ftranger, whom he never.
faw before nor after; and the beere feemed, att that inftant,
to be of a very bad taſte and colour; nor would he inquire
what it was, his own fervants being taken forth by the refi-
dent's people in courtefy to intertaine them.
6
After
320
JOURNAL OF THE
}
1654.
June 13.
·I 4°
After he came to his lodging he was taken very ill, and
grew worſe and worſe, extreame fick with paynes, like the
ftrokes of daggers, which putt him in mind of a former
paffage; and his torment was fo great, that it was fcarcely
to be indured, the moſt violent that he ever felt.
He was not well after his journey from Lubec to Ham-
bourgh, having bin extreamly jolted in the coach in that
way
full of holes and floughs, made by their great carry-
ges in time of the warre, and not yett amended: his weari-
nes, when he came to Hambourgh, reprieved his payne,
which highly increaſed this evening; and the laſt of his ill
beer ſtill remained with him.
The fierce torment continued on Whitelocke above thir-
teen howers togither without intermiffion 10 about four
a'clocke this morning his fecretary Earle was called to him,
who waited on him with care and fadnes to fee his tor-
ment: nature helped, by vomits and otherwife, to give
fome eafe, butt the fharpnes of his payne continued.
About five a'clocke this morning doctor Whiftler was
called to him, who gave him feverall forts of phyficke, and,
amongſt the reſt, a drinke with a powder and a great quan-
tity of oyle of ſweet almonds; fufpecting, by the manner of
his ficknes and fome of the fymptomes, that he might have
had poyfon given him, which was the jealouſy of moſt
about him; and whither it were fo or not, the Lord only
knowes; who, nevertheles, in his goodnes preferved White-
locke, and bleffed the means for his recovery.
The drinke working contrary to what was intended, and
turning to a vomit, the doctor, perceiving the operation of
nature to be that way, followed by giving of vomits, which,
within
i
!
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
321
within two howers, gave fome eafe and brought him to a 1654.
little flumber, and in a few howers after to recovery.
Thus it pleaſed God to exercife him, and to caft him
downe for a little time: and when he had no expectation
butt of preſent death in a ftrange land, God was pleafed
fuddeinly, and above imagination, to reſtore and recover
him the which, and all other the mercyes of God (he
prayes) may, by him and his, be thankfully remembered.
}
A doctor of phyfick, a jew in this town, hearing of
Whitelocke's being fick, came to his lodging, and meet-
ing with doctor Whiftler, told him in latin, that, underſtand-
ing the engliſh ambaffador to be daungerously ficke, and to
have no phyfitian about him butt a young unexperienced
man, therfore this jew came to offer his fervice: doctor
Whiſtler, fmiling, told Whitelocke of this rencounter, who
preſently fent his thankes and difcharge to the jewith
doctor.
Severall fenators came and fent to inquire of Whitelocke's
health, and to know if he wanted any thing in their power
to fupply him for his recovery, and offered the phyfitians
of the town to waite uppon him. He returned thankes
butt kept himſelfe to the advice and care of his own doctor,
whoſe indeavors it pleafed God to bleffe, fo that in two
dayes Whitelocke was abroad againe.
The engliſh company had invited divers to beare White-
locke company att dinner this day; where they had a very
great feaft, and prefent att it the four burgh-mafters and
ten fenators. So many of that number had fcarce bin feen
att any former intertainment; which though purpoſely
made to doe Whitelocke honor, yett his ficknes had brought
VOL. II.
him
Sf
June 14.
322
JOURNAL OF THE
June 14.
1654. him to an incapacity of bearing them company: butt
whileft they were att the table, Whitelocke fent his fecre-
tary to the reſident, praying him to make his apology to
the lords, that extreamity of ficknes the night before had
prevented him of the honor of accompanying them att this
meeting; that being now fomwhat recovered, he fent now
to prefent his hearty thanks to their lordſhips for this great
favour they had done him, wiſhed them all health, and in-
treated them to be cheerfull. The lords returned thankes:
to Whitelocke for his civility, and about an hower after
the refident came to Whitelocke from the lords to fee how
he did, to thanke him for his complement, and to know if,
without inconvenience, they might be admitted to come to
his chamber to fee him.
Whitelocke faid, he fhould be glad to ſee them; butt
privately told the reſident, that he hoped they would not
ftay long with him by reaſon of his indiſpoſition..
The fenators fate att the table from twelve a'clocke att
noone till fix a'clocke in the evening, according to the
faſhion of Dutchland, and were very merry, wanting no goodi
meate or wine, nor fparing it: about fix a'clocke they rofe
from dinner, and came to Whitelocke's chamber to vifit
him, with many complements expreffing their forrow for
his ficknes, their wishes for his health, and offers of any
thing in their power which might contribute to his reco
very.
Whitelocke uſed them with all civility, and heartily
thanked them for this extraordinary honor they had done
him, by fo many of their lordships affording him the favour
of meeting att this place, and excufed, by his violent fick-
nes, his not bearing them company. After many comple-
ments,
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
323
ments, and a ſhort ſtay, they left his chamber, praying for 1654.
the recovery of his health agayne.
Among this company of fourteen fenators were no young
men, butt all grave and comely perfons; and every one of
them did perticularly ſpeake to Whitelocke, either in french
or latin, and fome in both; which were hard to be mett
with in fo many aldermen of townes in other countryes.
Divers of them ftayed in the english houfe till nine
a'clocke att night, making a very long repaſt of nine
howers togither; butt it was to teſtify the more perticular
reſpect and honor to the engliſh ambaſſador, and is ac-
cording to the ufage of theſe parts, where, att fuch pub-
lique intertainments, they feate and drinke heartily, and
ſeldome part in leffe then ten or twelve howers, cheerfully
converfing togither. Whitelocke tooke great contentment
in the civility and reſpects of theſe and other gentlemen
to him in this place, and in the affection, care, and atten-
dance of his children, friends, and fervants about him in
his ficknes.
The lords fent a gentleman to inquire of Whitelocke's
health, with complements as before. He tooke fome phy-
ficke, yett admitted vifits and difcourfe, from which, and
thoſe he formerly had with fenators and others, he learned,
that, as to matter of religion, they are heer very strict to
maintaine an unity therof, being of Plutarch's opinion, that
varietas religionis, diffolutio religionis; and they permit no
other religion to be publiquely exercifed by their own citti-
zens among them, butt what, in their governement, they
doc profefle, which is according to the Auguftine confef-
fion; and Luther's opinions doe wholly take place among
them; infomuch that the exercife of religion, in any other
forme
Sf2
June 14.
15.
324
JOURNAL OF THE
June 15.
1654. forme or way, is not admitted, except to the engliſh com-
pany of marchants in the chappell of their houſe, and that
by ftipulation. Thus every one, who differs from them in
matters of religion, muft keep his opinion to himſelfe,
without occafioning any difturbance to the governement.
by practice, or publication, of fuch different opinion; and
although many are inclined to the tenets of Calvin, yett
their publique profeffion is wholly Lutheran; anſwearable
wherunto, Whitelocke obferved, in their churches, many
images, crucifixes, and the like, not farre removed from
the practice of the popiſh churches; perticularly in their
great church, which is fayre and large, built with bricke,.
are many images, rare tablets of painting, crucifixes, and a
perſpective of curious workmanſhip in colours.
Their litturgye (as ours in England was) is extracted from
the old maffe-booke; and their divine fervice celebrated.
with much ceremony, mufick, and outward reverence..
Their miniſters are penfioners, butt (as themſelves affirme)
liberally dealt with, and have bountifull allowances if they
are holy men and good preachers; wherof they much fatif-
fy themſelves, that they are very well provided in this citty,
to the comfort and bleffing of the inhabitants.
Touching the trade of this place, Whitelocke learnt, that.
as they are very populous, fo few are fuffered in idlenes,
butt imployed in fome way or other of trading, either as
marchants, artificers, fhop-keepers, or workmen.
They have an exchange heer (though not a fayre one)
where they dayly meet, and conferre about their affayres
and contracts.
The
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
325
The feverall branches and armes of the river Elbe, which 1654-
paffe along by their houſes, afford them the better means
and advantages for bringing in and carrying forth their
commodities.
There is a partition between the old and the new towne :
the old is butt a fmalle part of it, and few marchants refide
there.
The fhips of greateſt burden come up within two miles
of the citty; the leffer fhips, wherof there be a great num-
ber, and the greate boates, come up within the towne,
to the very doores of their houfes, by the branches of the
Elbe, to the great advantage of their trading.
This citty is much greater then Lubec, fuller of trade
and wealth, and better fituated for commerce, being neerer
to England, the Netherlands, France, Spayne, and all the
fouthern and weſtern parts; and they are not to paſſe the
Sundt in comming home agayne.
The ſtaple of engliſh cloth is heer, and the clothes being
brought hither for the moſt part white, it fetts on worke
many hundreds of their people to dreffe and dye, and fitt
them; and the inhabitants of all Germany, and other coun-
tryes, doe fend and buy their cloth heer.
Att this time of Whitelocke's being heer, there lay in the
Elbe four engliſh fhips, which brought cloth hither; one of
them carryed 25 pieces of ordnance, the leaſt 15, all of
good force; and the english cloth, att this time in them,
was eſtimated to be worth 200,000 1. fterling.
June 15.
In
326
JOURNAL OF THE
·1654.
In confideration of this trade, and the ftaple of english
cloth fettled heer, which brings wealth to this citty, the
June 15. governement heer hath graunted great priviledges to the
engliſh marchants refiding in this place; and they are part
of the company, or corporation, of marchant adventurers
of England; an antient and honorable fociety, of which
Whitelocke had the favour, honorarily, to be heer admitted
a member.
16.
;
Whitelocke, being, through the goodnes of God, well
recovered of his diftemper, went abroad this day, and was
fhowed the town-houfe, which is a fayre and handfome
building, of the like faſhion, butt more large and beauti-
full then that att Lubec, and much better furniſhed. Heer
are many chambers for publique councells and tribunalls
fome of them have their pillars covered with copper, and
pavements of italian marble; they have alfo rich hangings,
and chayres of velvett, blew and green, and rare pictures.
The chamber of audience (as they call it) is the court of
juftice where the right-heers, who are in the nature of
fheriffs, doe fit to dispatch and determine the cauſes of
the cittizens; and if the caule exceed the value of 100 dol-
lers, an appeale lyes to the fenate, as it doth alfo in all
cauſes criminall.
From the fenate there is no appeale in cafes of obliga-
tions, letters of exchange, contracts, debts, and matters of
marchandize, butt therin a ſpeedy remedy is given for the
advantage of trade; butt in all other cafes, where the value
exceeds 1000 dollers, and in all caufes capitall, an appeale
lyes to the imperiall chamber: and in the judicatories of
the citty, the proceedings are according to the municipall
lawes and cuftomes therof; which, nevertheles, have great
affinity with the imperiall civil lawes, efpecially in the
formes
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
327
formes and manner of proceedings; and in cafes where the 1654:
municipall lawes and cuftomes are defective, there the pro-
ceedings are according to the civil lawe.
They doe not proceed by juryes of twelve men to trye
the fact; butt the parties contending are heard on both
fides, either in perfon, or by their advocates or proctors,
as they pleaſe, and the wittneffes, on either fide, are exa-
mined uppon oath after which, the judges taking ferious
confideration of the whole matter, and of all circumſtances
and proofes therin, att a fett time they pronounce their fen-
tence; and commonly the whole proces and buifnes is de-
termined in the ſpace of three weekes, except in cafes where
an appeale is brought.
*
The judges fitt in court ufually twice in every weeke,
unles in feſtivall times, when they keep vacations; and with
them their holy-dayes are not juridicall: their equall and
ſpeedy adminiſtration of juſtice is commended both by
their own people, and by ftrangers, who have occafion to
make tryall of it..
Their publique governement, by which their peace is
preferved, diforders reftrained, and men kept from being
wolves to one another, makes them the more to flourish, and
confifts of four confulls or burgh-mafters, and twenty other:
fenators, of whom twelve are called overholts, and the other
twelve ricks-heers. Uppon the death or removall of
any fe-
nator, the choice of a new one is with the reft of the fena-
tors; the choice of the overholts is by the people, and they
are as tribunes of the people: they have power to controwle
the fenate; though the fupreame magiftracy; butt they doe
6.
it.
June 16.
2
t
328
JOURNAL OF THE
C
June 16.
1654. it with all refpect and tendernes; and no new law is made,
nor taxe impofed, without their confent. Butt the execu→
tion of the prefent lawes, and the governement of the
people, and the laft appeale in the citty, is left unto the
fenate; as alfo negotiations with foreiners, the intertain-
ments and ceremonies with ftrangers, and generally the
care of the ſafety of their ſtate.
:
In caſes of extraordinary concernement, as of warre and
peace, levying of money, making of new lawes, and mat-
ters of extraordinary weight and confideration, of which the
fenate are not willing to take the burden wholly uppon
themfelves, or to undergoe the envy or hazard of the con-
fequences therof; in fuch cafes, the fenate caufeth the over-
holt to be affembled, and, as the weight of the buifnes may
be, ſometimes they caufe to be fummoned an aſſembly of
the whole body of the burgeffes of the citty, before whom
the buifnes in the generall is propounded; and they are de-
fired by the fenate to make choice of fome deputies, to be
joyned to the ſenate, and to aſſiſt them in the matters pro-
pofed then the whole body of the freemen doe commonly
make choice of eight, fometimes more and fometimes
fewer, as they pleafe, out of their own number; and theſe
deputies have full power given to them by this affembly,
to dispatch and determine, togither with the fenate and the
overholt, their matters thus propofed, to the generall con-
fideration of that publique aſſembly; and what this coun-
cell, thus conftituted, doe refolve in thefe matters, the fame
is putt in execution accordingly, obligeth, and is freely
fubmitted unto by all the cittizens, who looke
who looke uppon
themſelves, by this their election of deputies, to have
their own confents involved in what their deputies de-
termine.
In
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
329
June 16.
In the evening Mr. Stetkin, with whom Whitelocke had 1654.
bin acquainted in England, when he was there, a fervant
to the late king for his private mufick, wherin he was ex-
cellent, came to Whitelocke, and with Maylard, one of
Whitelocke's fervants, made very good mufick for his di-
verfion.
This day the wind came about reaſonable good for White-
locke's voyage, who, theruppon, ordered the captains away
to their frigotts, and his people to prepare all things in
readynes for his departure to-morrow: his baggage was
carryed downe and putt on board the frigotts.
He gave
his moft hearty and folemne thankes to the refident, and to
all the gentlemen of the engliſh company of marchants heer,
who had very nobly and affectionately intertained White-
locke att their own charge all the time of his being in this
citty. He ordered his gratuities to be diftributed among
their fervants, and to all who had done any fervice or
offices for him, both of the engliſh houſe, and of the townf-
men, and ordered all things to be in a readines to proceed
in his voyage.
The baggage and inferior fervants of Whitelocke being 17.
gone downe before unto the frigotts, and the wind being
indifferent good, Whitelocke refolved this day to fett for-
wards in his voyage, and to indeavour, if he could, before
night to reach the frigotts, which did attend his comming
in the Elbe, about Gluckſtadt.
The refident had provided boates for Whitelocke and his
company to goe downe unto the frigotts, and had given
notice to fome of the fenators of Whitelocke's intention to
remove this day; wheruppon Monf. Muller, the chiefe
burgh-mafter of the town, came to Whitelocke's lodging
VOL. II.
Tt
in
330
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1
June 17.
1654. in the morning to vifit him, and to inquire of his health,
as one that bare a perticular reſpect to him, and was now
come to take his leave of him. He was a wife and fober
man, and of good converſation, and teſtifyed much reſpect
to the protector and common-wealth of England, and
much honor to Whitelocke in perticular. Whileft he was
with Whitelocke, the two fenators who came firſt to White-
locke to bid him wellcome hither, came now alfo to him
from the fenate to bid him farwell. The elder of them
fpake to Whitelocke to this effect:
66
66
<<
My lord ambaſſador,
"The fenate hath commanded us in their name to falutę
your excellence, and to give you thankes for taking in
good part the finalle teftimonies of their reſpect towards
you, which they are aſhamed were no better, and in-
"treat your pardon for it.
66
"They underſtand that your excellence is uppon your
"departure from this towne, which gives them
great cauſe
“of fadnes, as they had of joy att your arrivall heer: butṭ
"fince it is your good pleafure, and your great affayres
oblige you to depart, all that we can doe is to pray to
"God for your fafe arrivall in your own countrey and
"we doubt not, butt that the fame God, who hath hitherto
preferved you in a long and perillous voyage, will con-
tinue his goodnes to you in the remainder of your
journey.
66
“We have an humble request to make to your cxccl-
lence, that you will give us leave to recommend our
"towne to your patronage, and that you would be pleafed
to perufe theíe papers, which concerne fome of our cit-
"tizens;
66
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
331
"tizens; and that your excellence will be a means to my 1654.
"lord protector, and to the court of admiralty, that juſtice
"and favour may be fhowed to them.'
>>
As this gentleman fpake of the teftimonies of reſpect from
this citty to Whitelocke, he looked back to the table, uppon
which ftood a piece of plate covered with farcenet; a little
after the ſenator had done ſpeaking, Whitelocke anſweared
him to this purpoſe:
66
"Gentlemen,
"I have cauſe to acknowledge that God hath bin very
good and gracious to me, and to all my company,
throughout our whole voyage unto this place; for which
"we defire to bleffe his name, and hope that he will be
pleaſed to continue his goodnes to us in the reft of our
66
66
journey.
"I defire you to returne my hearty thankes to my lords
"the fenators, who have honored me with their very great
reſpects during the whole time of my being with them,
"and have beſtowed noble teftimonies therof uppon me:
"I fhall not fayle to inform the protector, my mafter,
"heerof, to whom, and to the common-wealth of England,
this refpect is given in my perſon.
"I have received much contentment in my being heer,
"not only by the fight of fo fayre and flouriſhing a citty
as this is, fo well fortifyed, and manned, and traded,
"and governed, butt in your civilities, and the honor I
"have had to be acquainted with your worthy magiftrates.
"And I have had a fingular fatisfaction to underſtand
"from my countrymen living amongst you, that their pri
viledges
Tt 2
6 $
June 17.
332
JOURNAL OF THE
!
"
1654.
viledges are by you intirely continued to them; which I
" recommend to you as a thing moft acceptable to my lord
June 17.« protector, who takes care of the whole common-wealth,
"and will expect, that I give him an account of what
"concernes the english marchants and their commerce in
"this place..
66
"The wind being now good, I am obliged, according
"to the commaunds of the protector, my mafter, forth--
"with to returne for England, and doe refolve this day to
proceed in my voyage towards my fhips. I hope my
"God will conduct me in fafety to the place where I would
“be, and where I fhall have the opportunity to teſtify my
gratitude to the lords and people of this citty, and to
"take care of thoſe affayres wherin they may be concerned,
" which I eſteem as an honor to me."
66
After Whitelocke had done ſpeaking, the fenators, with
the accuſtomed ceremonies, tooke their leaves of him..
The piece of plate which they now prefented to him was
a veffell of filver, like a little cabinet, wrought with boffes
of beautifull figures, curious and rich, of the value (as fome
prized it) of about 150 l. ſterling. Whitelocke was fom--
what furpriſed with this prefent of plate, and doubtfull
whither he ſhould accept it or not; butt confidering, that
it was only a teftimony of their refpects to the protector;
and as to Whitelocke, he was not capable of doing them
fervice, or prejudice, butt as their affayres fhould deferve,
and if he ſhould refufe this preſent, it would be ill taken
by the lords: uppon thefe confiderations, and the advice of
the refident, and other friends, Whitelocke tooke it, and
returned his hearty thankes for it.
Another
J
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
333
Another fenator, one Monf. Samuel, hearing that White- 1654.
locke had a little fon att home, fent him a little ftone-
June 17.
horſe for a prefent, the leaft that one hath fſeen, yett very
hanfome, and mannaged to the great faddle, which White-
locke brought home with him: fo full of civility and cour-
tely were the magiftrates of this place.
After much difficulty to gett away, and the earneſt re-
queft of the reſident and engliſh marchants to the con-
trary, intreating him to ftay longer, yett Whitelocke kept
his refolution to leave the town; and boates being in readi-
nes, he went downe to the water-fide, accompanyed with
a great number of his countrymen and his own people,
and took his boates to goe down the Elbe to his ſhips.
The refident, and fome others, went in his boate with him:
vice admirall Clerke would not yett leave him, faying, that
Wrangell had commnaunded him to fee Whitelocke on board
the engliſh frigotts, either for a complement, or defiring to
fee the frigotts, which were fo much difcourfed on in thefe
parts, and therby to be inabled to give an account to
Wrangell of the dimenfions and make of them, which he
longed to know..
The boate in which Whitelocke went was large, butt not
convenient, open, and went only with fayles. The ftreets
as he paffed to the water-fide, and the windowes, and on
the bridges, were full of people to ſee him as he went, and
gave
him courteous fàlutations att his farwell..
In his own boate he had fix trumpetts, which founded
all along as he paffed through the citty, and the haven,.
which was then very full of fhips, and they alfo very civill
to inake way for Whitelocke's boates.
Uppon
334
JOURNAL OF THE
{
1654.
June 17.
!
Uppon the bridges and bullwarkes, which he went by,-
were guards of foldiers in armes; and the bullwarkes on that
fide faluted him with all their cannon, about twenty-one
pieces, though they ufe not to give ftrangers above two or
three gunnes.
Thus Whitelocke parted from this citty of Hambourgh,
recommending himfelfe, and his company, to the bleffing
and protection of the Almighty.
A little below the citty, they came by a fmall village,
called by them All to nagh, that is, All too nigh, being the
king of Denmarke's territory, within halfe a league, which
they thought too neer their citty.
When they came a little lower, with a fuddein ftrong
'blaſt of wind, the boate, in which Whitelocke was, was in
great daunger of being overfett; after which, it grew to be
a calme wheruppon Whitelocke fent to the engliſh cloth
fhips, which lay a little below, to lend him fome of their
flip boates and marriners with oares, to make better way
then his boate with fayles could doe. This they did readily';
and, as Whitelocke paſſed by them, they all faluted him with
their cannon.
Having changed their boates, and diſcharged the great
ones, they went more cheerfully downe the river till they
came within halfe a league of the town of Stadt ; when
being almoft darke, and the marriners not accuſtomed to
the river out of the channell, the boate, in which White-
locke was, ftruck uppon the fand, and was faft there:: pre-
fently the engliſh marriners, feven or eight of them, leaped
out of the boate into the river up to their chinnes, and by
ftrength
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
335
June 17.
ftrength removed the boate from off the fands agayne; and 1654.
they came to their oares agayne, within an engliſh mile of
Stadt, when it was very late, and the boates two german
miles from the frigotts, and the tide turning. Whitelocke
thought it impoffible to reach his fhips this night, and not
prudent to proceed with unexperienced men uppon this
daungerous river by night, and underſtanding by generall
Potley, and one of the trumpets, who had bin formerly
heer, of a houſe uppon the river that goes to Stadt, within
a quarter of a mile of the place where they now were ;
Whitelocke ordered the marriners to make to that houfe,
who, with much difficulty, found out the mouth of the
river; butt for want of water, being low tyde, they had
much trouble to gett the boate up to the crewfe, or inne
there. The mafter of the houfe had bin a foldier and a.
cooke; he prepared a fupper for them of falt eels, falt fal-
mon, and a little poultrey, which was made better by the
meate and wine that the refident brought with him; yett all
little enough, when the reft of Whitelocke's company, in
three other boates, came to the fame houfe, though they
could not know of Whitelocke being there: butt he was
very ill himſelfe, and this was a bad quarter for him, who
had bin fo lately very fick att Hambourgh; yett he con--
tented himfelfe without going to bedde. His fons and com--
had ſome freſh ftraw, and God, in his wonted mercy,
pany
ftill preferved him and his company...
The hoft fent word to his generall Kuninglinare, that.
the engliſh ambaffador was att his houfe this night,
Whitelocke refolved to remove from the crewfe early this 18..
morning, and the rather bicaufe he was informed that Kun-
inglinare intended to come hither this morning to vifit him,
which Whitelocke did not defire, in regard of the late ac-
cident.
33.6
JOURNAL OF THE
i
June 18.
1654. cident att Bremen, where Kuningfmarc was governor, and
that his conferring with him, uppon his immediate returne
from Sweden, might give fome jealouſy to thofe of Bremen,
or to the Hans townes, or fome of the German princes
thereabouts. Whitelocke therfore held it beft to take no
notice of Kuningfimarc's intention to come and vifit him,
butt to avoyd that meeting, by going early from hence this
morning; which he had the more reafon to doe, bicauſe of his
bad intertainment heer, and for that the tyde ſerved betimes
this morning to gett out of this river. He therfore caufed
his people to make ready about two a'clocke this morning,
and tooke boate within an hower after, the weather being
very fayre, and the countrey pleafant: on the right hand
was Holtſtein, on the left hand was the dutchy of Lunen-
bergh, and below that the bishoprick of Bremen; in which
this river comes from Stadt, neere unto Bremen, more con-
fiderable heertofore, when it was the ſtaple for the engliſh
cloth, butt left by our marchants many years fince, partly
bicauſe they held themfelves not well treated by the inhabi-
tants of Stadt, and partly by the inconvenientnes of this
river to bring up their cloth to that towne.
Two miles from this crewfe, Whitelocke came to the
He himselfe went on
frigotts, where they lay att anchor.
board the Prefident, who, att his entry, faluted him with
above forty gunnes, the Elizabeth butt with twenty-one ;
and her captain Minnes came on board to Whitelocke to
excuſe it, bicaufe not knowing Whitelocke's time of comming
hither, he had no more gunnes ready to bid him wellcome.
Right againſt the frigotts lay the fort and town of Gluck-
ftadt, that is Luckyftadt, or Lucky Town. Whitelocke be-
ing defirous to take a view of it, and of the fortifications,
and his baggage not being yett come to the frigotts, he,
7
with
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
337
with the refident, and feverall others, went over in one of 1654.
the ſhip boates to ſee it.
The towne is fituate in a marfh, having no hill neer to
commaund it: the fortifications about it are old, yett in
good repayre. It belongs to the king of Denmarke, as
duke of Holtſtein, and he keeps a guarryfon there, att the
mouth of a river running into the Elbe, like that of Stadt.
The late king of Denmarke built there a blockhouſe in the
great river uppon piles, to the end he might command the
ſhips paffing that way; butt the Elbe being there above a
league in breadth, the ſhips may well paffe notwithſtanding
that fort.
Att Whitelocke's landing in the towne, which is about a
bow ſhoot from the mouth of the river, he fent to acquaint
the governor therwith, and that he defired only to fee the
town, and then to returne to his fhips: the governor ſent a
civill anfwear, that he was forry he could not accompany
Whitelocke to fhow him the town, by reaſon of his being
fick, butt that he had fent one of his officers to ſhow him
the fortifications, and defired him to commaund any thing
in the town; for which civility Whitelocke returned thankes.
The towne is not great, nor well built, butt of brick;
and fome of the houfes very fayre, chiefly one, which they
call the king's houfe, which might fitt an engliſh knight to
dwell in. The town feems decaying, and the fortifications
alfo in fome places. The late king defigned to have made
this a great town of trade, and by that means to have di-
miniſhed, if not ruined, his neighbors, the Hambourghers; to
whom this king having done fome injuries, and indeavour-
ing to build a bridge over the Elbe neer to Hambourgh, to
hinder the fhips coming up thither, and their trade, the
VOL. II.
cittizens
U u
June 18.
338
JOURNAL OF THE
June 18.
1654. cittizens pulled it downe againe, and came with about
twenty veffells to Gluckſtadt, uppon a defigne againſt that
towne butt the king's fhips of warre being there, the ad-
mirall of Hambourgh cutt his anchors, and returned home
in haft; the king's men gott up the anchors, and att this
time Whitelocke faw them hung up in their church as great
trophies of a finalle victory thus eaſily gained. Att White-
locke's returne, Gluckſtadt faluted him with three pieces of
19.
cannon.
When he was come back to his fhips, he found all his
people and baggage come up to him; wheruppon he refolved
to weigh anchor the firft opportunity of wind ſerving, and
gave orders accordingly to his captaines.
The refident Bradefhawe, vice admiral Clerke, the trea-
furer and ſecretary of the engliſh company att Hambourgh,
who accompanyed Whitelocke to his fhips, now the tyde
ferving, tooke their leaves of him, with much refpect and
wiflies of a happy voyage to him; and ſo they parted.
The wind came to north-eaft, flatte contrary to White-
locke's courſe, and rofe high, with violent ftormes and
much raine, fo that it was not poffible for Whitelocke to
weigh anchor and proceed in his voyage; butt he had caufe
to thanke God, that he was in a fafe and good harbour.
The wind continued very tempeftuous and contrary to
Whitelocke's courſe, ſo that he could not bouge, butt lay
ftill at anchor: the marriners, in their uſuall way of ſporting,
indeavoured to make him fome paftime, to divert the tedi-
ouſnes of his ſtay, and of the bad weather.
He
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
339
He learnt, that to Gluckſtadt the Hamburghers pay a tolle 1654.
to the king of Denmarke; who fubmit therunto as other
ſhips doe, rather then enter into a conteft or warre with that June 19.
king.
Whitelocke thought it becomming him in civility and gra-
titude, to give an account by letters to the queen of Sweden
of his proceeding thus farre in his voyage, for which pur-
pofe he had written his letters att Hambourgh; and now,
having too much leiſure, he made them up and fent them
to vice admirall Clerke to be prefented to the queen: the let-
ters were to this effect*.
A fa fereniffime Majefté Chriftine reyne de Suede.
"Madame,
"Les grandes faveurs, que j'ai reçeus de voftre majeſté,
"m'obligent à luy rendre compte de ce qui me touche, celuy
"en qui vous avez beaucoup d'intereft. Et puis que par voftre
"faveur fous Dieu, j'ai desja furmonté les difficultez de la
plus grande moitée du voyage, que j'ai à fayre par mer,
j'ai pris l'hardieffe d'entretenir voftre majefté de mon
"fuccés jufques en ce lieu. Le premier de Juin, le beau
"navire Amiranta nous fift flotter fur la Baltique, et non-
"obftant les calmes, le vent contraire, et un terible orage,
66
66
66
qui nous exercerent, par l'addreffe de l'admirall Clerc,
"du capitaine Sincler, (de l'honnefteté, reſpect, et foin des
quels envers moi et ma fuite, je fuis redevable comme de
"mille autres faveurs à voftre majefté) comme par l'obéif-
"fance du navire à fes experts conducteurs, nous mifines
66
pied à terre à Tremon, le port de Lubec, mecredi le 7. Juin.
"Samedi nous arrivafines à Hambourgh, où je fuis à prefent
"dans la maifon des Anglois : ce matin j'ai penfé ne voir
point le foir, ayant efté travaillé d'un mal foudain, et
66
Uu 2
tempête
* See ap-
pendix
E. E.
for tranf-
lation.
›
340
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. "
66
tempête horrible qui m'a cuide renverfer dans ce port.
"Mais il a pleu à Dieu me remettre en bonne mefure, ainfi
June 19. ..
que j'efpere je ne ferai empeſché d'achever mon voyage.
Je prie Dieu qu'il preferve voftre majeſlé et qu'il me rende
"fi heureux, qu'eftant rendu en mon pais, j'aye l'oppor-
"tunité felon mon petit pouvoir de tefimoigner en effect
que je fuis,
€6
Juin 14. 1654.
"De voſtre majefté le très humble et
"obeiffant ferviteur
20.
"B. WHITELOCKE.""
The wind continued in the fame quarter as before,
very high and contrary to Whitelocke's courfe, both the
laſt night and this morning, which gave him and his com-
pany much trouble; butt they muft fubmit to the time and
good pleaſure of God.
About five a'clocke this morning (an unuſuall hower for
vifits), Monfieur Scheftedt came on board Whitelocke's fhip,
from Gluckſtadt, whither he came the day before by land:
they had much difcourfe togither, wherin this gentleman is
copious, most of it to the fame effect as att his former vifits
att Hambourgh.
He told Whitelocke of the lord Wentworth's being att
Hambourgh, and his carryage there, and that he ſpake with
respect towards the protector, and towards Whitelocke, butt
was full of wiſhes of ruine to the protector's party.
Whitelocke inquired of him touching the levyes of foldiers
by the princes in the lower Saxony, now in action, with
whom Monfieur Scheftedt was very converfant: he faid, that
the
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
341
+
the preſent levyes were no other then fuch as thofe princes 1654.
made the laſt year, and ufually make every year, for their June 20.
own defence, in cafe there fhould be any occafion; and that
he knew of no defigne extraordinary.
Whitelocke afked him feverall queſtions about this matter,
that he might be able to give information therof to the pro-
tector; butt either there was nothing, or this gentleman
would diſcover nothing in it.
He was intertained in Whitelocke's cabbin att breakfaſt,
where he fed and dranke wine heartily; and, att his going
away, Whitelocke gave him twenty-one gunnes, and ordered
the Elizabeth to give him nineteen, and fent him to ſhore
in one of his fhip boates. The wind being very high, and
not changing all this day, to the trouble of Whitelocke, and
hinderance of his voyage.
In the evening, a meffenger from Monfieur Scheftedt
brought to Whitelocke thefe letters *.
<<
66
"Mon feigneur,
"Voftre excellence aura reçeu par un de fes ferviteurs,
un petit billet de moi partant de Gluckſtadt, fur ce
qu'avions parlé fupplyant très humblement voftre excel-
"lence d'en avoir foin fans auçun bruit : et fi la commodité
"de voftre excellence le permettera, je vous fupplie de
"vouloir efcrire un mot de lettre au refident d'icy pour
"mieux jouir de fa bonne converfation, fur ce qui con-
"cerne la correfpondence avec voftre excellence, et felon
que voftre excellence m'avifera je me gouvernerai ex-
"actement, mefiant entérement à la generofité de voftre ex-
66
"cellence
* See ap-
pendix
F. F.
for tranf-
lation.
342
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. "cellence, et m'obligeant en homme d'honneur de vivre
June 20.
"et mourir,
"Mon feigneur, de voftre excellence.
"très humble et très obeiffant
20. Juin,
1654.
ferviteur,
"HANNIBALL SCHESTEDT."
<6
"Voftre excellence aura mille remerciements de l'honneur
reçeu par ces canonades et excufera pour ma diſgrace de
"n'avoir efté refpondus."
To thefe letters Whitelocke fent this anfwear.
46
"Mon feigneur,
Je n'ai rien par voy de retour que mes humbles remer
"ciments pour le grand honneur que vous m'avez fait, par
"vos très agreablés vifites, tant à Hambourgh qu'en ce lieu,
66
66
66
comme auffi en m'envoyant ce noble gentilhomme qui
"m'a apporté les lettres de voftre excellence, je ne man-
querai pas quand il plaira à Dieu me ramener en Angle-
"terre, de contribuer tout ce que fera en mon pouvoir
pour voſtre ſervice, et j'efpere que l'iffue en fera à voſtre
❝contentement, et que dans peu de temps je fcauray vous
"rendre bon conte de ce dont vous me faites mention en
vos lettres; ce petit tefmoignage du reſpect que je porte
à voftre excellence, que je rendi à voftre depart de mon
"vaiffau, et qu'il vous plaift honnorer de voſtre eſtime,
"ne merite pas que vous en teniez aucune conte, je ſeray
joyeux de vous tefmoigner par meilleurs effects que je fuis
"De voftre excellence le très humble
66
66
D'abord le Prefident,
Rade de Gluckſtadt,
20. Juin, 1654-
"et très obeiffant ferviteur,
"B. WHITELOCKE."
Many
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
343
Many other letters paft between them, not neceffary for 1654.
a recitall.
June 20.
The wind continued in the fame quarter as before, very 21.
high, and contrary to Whitelocke's courfe: the engliſh
cloth ſhips came down to him, defiring to be in his fquadron
homewards.
Whitelocke knew no reaſon why his fhips might not as
well have fallen downe lower in the river as thefe; about
which he conſulted with the officers and pilote of his ſhip,
who agreed, that this morning, the wind being come a little
more moderate, the fhips might have fallen downe with the
tyde, butt that the time was now neglected; which the
officers excufed becauſe of the fogge, which was fo thicke,
that they durft not adventure to goe downe the river: he
refolved uppon this to take the next opportunity, and went
aboard the Elizabeth to fee his company there, who were
well accommodated.
Heer a petition was prefented to Whitelocke from two
marriners in hold, for fpeaking defperate words, that they
would blow up the fhip and all her company, and would
cutt the throat of the protector, and of 10,000 of his party;
one of them confeſt in his petition, that he was drunke when
he ſpake theſe words, and had no intention of the leaft
harme to the fhip, or to the protector, or any of the ftate;
both of them acknowledged their fault, and humbly aſked
pardon after Whitelocke had examined them feverally,
and could gett from them no confeffion of any plot against
the protector or ftate, but earneft affeverations of their in-
nocencys; yett having newes of a plott in England against
the protector and governement, he held it not fitt for him
2
abfolutely
344
JOURNAL OF THE
June 21.
1654. abfolutely to releaſe them; butt, bicauſe he thought it only
a buifnes and words of drunkennes, he ordered them to be
had out of the hold, butt their captaine to fee that they
fhould be forthcoming att their arrivall in England, that the
councell, being acquainted heerwith, might direct their
pleaſure concerning them.
22.
About noone, the wind began againe to blowe with great
tempeftuouſneſs, and flatt contrary to Whitelocke's courfe.
In the evening a gentleman came aboard Whitelocke's
ſhip, with letters from Monfieur Scheftedt from Gluckstadt,
to the fame effect, and with complements as formerly, to
which Whitelocke returned a civil anfwear by the fame
meſſenger; and by him he alſo fent letters of complement
and thankes to the refident Bradefhawe, which likewiſe he
prayed the refident, in his name, to prefent to the engliſh
company of marchants att Hambourgh, for their very
great civilities and noble reſpects to Whitelocke while he
was with them.
The wind continued contrary, and extraordinary violent
all the laſt night and this morning; and Whitelocke had
cauſe to acknowledge the favour of God to him, that
during theſe rough ftormes he was in a good harbour, and
had not putt out into the open ſea.
Early in the morning, a gentleman came from Gluckſtadt
on board to Whitelocke, and told him, that Grave Rantzow,
the governor of the province of Holtſtein had ſent him to
falute Whitelocke on his part, and to know when he might
conveniently come to Whitelocke; who anfweared, that he
fhould be alwayes ready to intertaine his excellence, butt,
in regard the time was now fo daungerous, he defired the
governor
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
345
governor would not expofe himſelfe to the hazard for his 1654-
fake.
About an hower after came another in the habit of a mi-
litary officer, from the Grave to Whitelocke, to excufe the
Grave's not coming, by reafon of the very ill weather, and
that no boate was to be gotten fitt to bring the Grave from
fhore to Whitelocke's fhip; butt he faid, that, if Whitelocke
pleaſed to fend his ſhip boates and marriners for the governor,
the wind being fomwhat fallen, he would come and kiffe
his hand.
Whitelocke anfweared in french to the gentleman, who
fpake dutch, and was interpreted in french, that he was glad
his excellence was not in the daunger of the violent ſtormes
in coming on board to him this morning, butt he fhould
eſteeme it great honor to fee the governor in his fhip; and that
not only the boates and marriners, butt all in the fhip was
att the fervice of his excellence: the gentleman defired,
that one of the fhip boates and the fhip marriners might
carry him back to land, and fo bring the governor from
thence to Whitelocke, who commaunded the fame to be
done; and about an hower after came the Grave Rantzow,
a proper comly perfon, habited as a foldier, about forty
years of
with him was another lord, governor of
another province, and three or four gentlemen, and other
followers.
age;
Whitelocke received them att the fhip's fide, and att his
entry gave him nine gunnes. The Grave feemed doubtfull
to whom to make his application, Whitelocke being in a
plaine fea gowne of english grey bayes; butt (as the go-
vernor faid afterwards) he knew him to be the ambaffador
by ſeeing him with his hatt on, and fo many brave fellowes
VOL. II.
X x
about
June 22.
157
346
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. about him bareheaded. After falutations, the governor
pake to Whitelocke to this effect*
June 22.
* See ap-
pendix
G. G.
for tranf
lation
* See ap-
pendix
H. H.
for tranf-
lation.
66
"Mon feigneur,
:
"Le roy de Danemarc mon maiftre m'a commandé de
"venir trouver voftre excellence, et de la faluer de fa part,
"et la faire la bien venue en fes Havres, et luy faire fçavoir
* 6 que s'il y a quelque chofe dans ce pays la dont le gouver-
nement m'eft confié par fa majeſté, qu'il eſt à fon com-
mandement. Sa majefté auffi à un extreme defir de voir
voftre excellence, et de vous entretenir en fa cour, de-
"firant d'embraffer toutes les occafions par les quelles il
pourroit tefinoigner le reípect qu'il porte à fon Alteffe
"mon feigneur le protecteur."
$6
""
66
Whitelocke anſweared in french to this purpoſe *
66
"Mon feigneur,
"mon
(6
"
Je rends graces à fa majefté le roy de Danemarc, du
reſpect qu'il luy à pleu tefmoigner à fon fereniffime Alteffe
mon maiſtre, et de l'honneur qu'il luy à pleu faire à moi
"fon ferviteur, de quoi je ne manqueray pas d'informer
"fon Alteffe; je fuis auffi beaucoup obligé à voftre excellence
pour l'honneur de voftre vifite, qu'il vous plaift me don-
"ner en ce lieu, et principallement en un temps fi fafcheux.
"J'euffe auffi grande envie de baifer les mains de fa majefté,
"et de voir fa cour, n'euft efté que fon Alteile à envoyé
"des navires exprez pour m'emporter d'ici en Angleterre,
"et que j'ai oui dire, que le roy a remeué fa cour de
Copenhague ailleurs, à caufe de la pefte. Jefu is très
joyeux d'entendre de la fanté de fa majeſté,
"fouhaitte toute forte de bonheur.'
66
66
""
au quel je
2
After
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
347
After many complements, Whitelocke gave him prece- 1654.
dence into his cabbin, and, after ſome diſcourſe there, a fer-
June 22.
vant of the agent of Holland was brought in to Whitelocke,
who faid, his mafter defired Whitelocke to appoint a time when
the agent might come on board him, to falute Whitelocke
and to kiffe his hand; he anſweared, that, att any hower
when his mafter pleaſed to doe Whitelocke that honor, he
fhould be wellcome, and that fome noble perfons being now
ith him, who, he hoped, would doe him the favour to take
part of a ſea-dinner with him, that, if it would pleaſe the
agent to doe him the fame favour, and to keep theſe honor-
able perfons company, it would be the greater obligation
unto Whitelocke. The Grave, hearing this, began to excufe
himſelfe, that he could not ſtay dinner with Whitelocke,
butt, uppon intreaty, he was prevayled with to ſtay.
About noon the dutch agent came in one of Whitelocke's
boates on board his fhip, whom he received att the fhip's
fide, and faluted with feven gunnes att his entry: the agent
fpake to Whitelocke to this purpoſe.
(6
That, paffing by Gluckſtadt towards Hambourgh, he
was informed of Whitelocke's being in this place, and
theruppon held it his duety, and agreeable to the will of
his lords, not to proceed in his journey without firft giving
a viſit to Whitelocke, to teſtify the refpect of his fuperiors
to the protector and common-wealth of England, as alfo
to Whitelocke in perticular."
Whitelocke returned thankes to the agent, for the refpect
which he tellifyed to the protector, and for the honor done
to Whitelocke, and that it would be acceptable to the pro-
tector to heare of this refpect from my lords the ſtates to him,
X X 2
wherof
348
JOURNAL OF THE
!
1654. wherof he ſhould not fayle to informe his highnes, when he
fhould have the opportunity to be neer him.
June 22.
The Grave went first into Whitelocke's cabbin, after him
the agent, and then Whitelocke, who gave theſe gueſts a
plentifull dinner on fhipboard: the Grave defired that White-
locke's fons might be called in to dine with them, which was
done, and Whitelocke aſked the Grave if he would have any
of his company to dine with him; he defired one of the
gentlemen, who was admitted accordingly.
They were ſerved with the ſtates plate, which Whitelocke
had cauſed to be taken forth on this occafion; and the ftrangers
would often take up the plates and diſhes to looke on them,
wondering to ſee ſo many great and maffy pieces of filver
plate as there were.
They dranke no healths, the Grave telling Whitelocke he
had heard it was againſt his judgement, and therfore he did
forbeare to begin any healths; for which civility Whitelocke
thanked him and they had no want of good wine and
meate, and fuch as ſcarfe had bin ſeen before on fhipboard.
They difcourfed of the affayres in Sweden, and of the
happy peace between England and Denmarke, and the like.
Monfieur de la Marche gave thankes in french, bicauſe they
all underſtood it.
After dinner Whitelocke tooke out his tobaccoe boxe,
which the Grave looked uppon, being gould, and his armes,
the three falcons ingraven on it; wheruppon he aſked White-
locke, if he loved hawkes, who faid, he was a faulkener by
inheritance, as his coate of arms teftifyed: the Grave ſaid,
that he would fend him fome hawkes the next winter, out
of
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
349
of his maſter's dominions of Iſland, where the beſt in the 1654.
world were bred; which he nobly performed afterwards.
The Grave earneſtly invited Whitelocke to goe on ſhore
with him to his houſe, which was within two leagues of
Gluckſtadt, where he ſhould meet Monfieur Scheſtedt and
his lady, and the next day he would bring Whitelocke to
the king, who much defired to fee him; and the Grave
offered to bring Whitelocke back agayne in his coach to
Gluckstadt.
Whitelocke defired to be excuſed, by reaſon of his voyage
and an order of his countrey, that thofe, who had the com-
maund of any of the ftates fhips, were not to lye out of
them, until they brought them home againe; otherwife,
Whitelocke faid, he had a great defire to kiſſe his majeſty's
hand, and to waite uppon his excellence and the noble
company att his houfe; and he defired that his humble
thankes and excufe might be made to the king.
The Grave replyed, that Whitelocke, being an extraor-
dinary ambaffador, was not within the order concerning
commaunders of the ftates fhips, butt he might be abſent,
and leave the charge of the fhips to the inferior officers.
Whitelocke faid, that, as ambaſſador, he had the honor to
commaund thofe fhips, and fo was within the order, and
was commaunded by his highnes to returne forthwith to
England; that if, in his abfence, the wind and weather
ſhould come fayre, or any harme ſhould come to any of the
fhips, he fhould be anfwearable for neglecting of his
truſt.
June 22.
Whitelocke
350
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 22.
!
Whitelocke alfo was unwilling (though he must not expreffe
the fame) to putt himfelfe under the trouble and temptations
which he might meet with in fuch a journey, and to neglect
the leaft opportunity of proceeding in his voyage home-
wards.
The Grave ſeeing Whitelocke not to be perfwaded hafted
away; and, after complements and ceremonies paffed with
great civility, he and the agent, and their
and their company, went into
one of Whitelocke's fhip boates, with a crew of his men, and
his lieutenant to attend them: att their going off, by White-
locke's order, only one gunne was fired, and, a good while
after, the Prefident fired all her gunnes round, the Elizabeth
(according to cuftome) did the like, fo that there was a
continuall firing of great gunnes during the whole time of
their paffage from the ſhip unto the fhore, almoſt a hundred
gunnes, and the fort anfweared them with all the gunnes
they had.
Att the lieutenant's returne, he told Whitelocke, that the
Grave, when he heard butt one gunne fired for a good while
togither, began to be highly offended, faying, that his
mafter, the king, was flighted, and himfelfe difhonored, to
be ſent away with one gun only fired, and he wondered the
ambaffador carryed it in fuch a manner; butt afterwards,
when the reſt of the gunnes went off, the Grave faid, he
would tell the king how highly the english ambaffador had
honored his majefty, and his fervant, by the moſt magni-
ficent intertainement that ever was made on fhipboard, and
by the number of guns att his going away, and that this was
the greatest honor he ever received, with much to the like
purpoſe; and he gave to the lieutenant for his paynes two
pieces of plate of filver guilt, and ten ricks dollers to the
boats
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
351
boats company, and twenty ricks dollers more to the ſhips
company.
This was the feventh day that Whitelocke had lyen on
the Elbe, which was tedious to him; and now freſh provi-
fions fayling, he fent captain Crifpe to Gluckftadt to buy
more, whoſe diligence and diſcretion carryed him through
his imployments to the contentment of his maſter; he
brought good provifions at cheape rates.
The four captains of the engliſh cloth fhips came on board
Whitelocke to vifit him; they were fober experienced fea
commaunders; their fhips lay att anchor clofe to White-
locke: after dinner, they told Whitelocke, that, if their
fhips had been three leagues lower down the river, they could
not have anchored in this bad weather without extreame
daunger, the ſea being there much higher, and the tyde fo
ſtrong, that their cables would not have held their ſhips;
and that, if they had bin att fea in this weather, they had
bin in imminent perill of fhipwracke, and could not have
returned into the river, nor have putt into the Wefer, nor
any other harbour.
Whitelocke fayd, that they and he were the more bound
to God, who had fo ordered their affayres as to keep them,
during all the ftormes wherin they had bin, in a fafe and
good harbour: he wifhed them in this and all their voyages
to place their confidence in God, who would be the fame
God to them as now, and in all their affayres of this life.
The captains defired Whitelocke's leave to carry their
ftreamers and colours, and to be received by him as part of
his fleet in their voyage for England, and they would ac-
knowledge him for their admirall.
Whitelocke
1654.
June 22.
23.
352
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 23.
24.
Whitelocke told them, he fhould be gladde of their com-
pany in his voyage, and would willingly admitt them as
part of his fialle fleet, butt he would expect their obfervance
of his orders; and, if there fhould be occafion, that they
muft joyne with him in fight againſt any ennemies of the
common-wealth whom they ſhould meet with, which they
promiſed to doe; and Whitelocke mentioned it to the cap-
tains, bicauſe he had received intelligence of a fhip loaden with
armes comming out of the Wefer for Scotland, with a ſtrong
convoy, with whom Whitelocke reſolved to try his ſtrength,
if he could meet them.
In the afternoon, two marchants of the cloth fhips came
to vifit Whitelocke, and ſhowed great refpect to him; and
they and the captains returned togither to their ſhips, the
wind being allayed, and come about to the fouth, which
gave Whitelocke hopes to proceed in his voyage.
The wind being come to weft fouth-west, a little fallen,
about three a'clocke in the morning they began to weigh
anchor. By Whitelocke's commaund all the ſhips were to
obferve this order in their fayling.
Every morning, each fhip was to come up and fayle by
Whitelocke and falute him, that he might inquire how they
all did; then they were to fall a fterne againe, Whitelocke
to be in the vanne, and the Elizabeth in the reare, and the
other ſhips in the middle between them; all to carry their
colours, Whitelocke to carry his in the maine-top, and all
to take their orders from his fhip.
Thus they did this morning; the cloth fhips came all by
Whitelocke, and faluted him the firſt with nine
guns. White-
locke
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
353
locke anfweared her with as many; then he gave three 1654.
guns more to thanke him for his falutation.
June 24.
Each of the other fhips gave feven guns at their paffing
by; then the fort of Gluckstadt difcharged all their ordnance
to give Whitelocke the farwell, who then fired twenty-one
guns, and the Elizabeth nineteen; then the cloth ſhips fired
three guns a-piece as thankes for their falutation; and fo,
with their fayles fpread, they committed themfelves to the
protection of the Almighty.
Though theſe things may be looked uppon by fome as
triviall and expenfive, yett thofe, who goe to fea, will find
them ufefull, and of confequence, both to keep up and
cheer the fpirits of the feamen, who will not be pleafed
without them, and to give an honor to one's countrey
among ftrangers who are taken with them; and it is become
a kind of fea language and ceremony, and teacheth them
alſo the better to ſpeake it in battle.
Some emulation happened between the captain of the
Prefident and Minnes, bicaufe Whitelocke went not with
him, butt in the other's flip, which Whitelocke would have
avoyded, butt that he apprehended the Prefident fent pur-
pofely for him.
Between ſeven and eight a'clocke in the morning, White-
locke paſt by a village called Brown-Bottle, belonging to the
king of Denmark, uppon the river in Holtſtein, four leagues
from Gluckſtadt; and four leagues from thence he paft by
a village, on the other £de of the Elbe, which (they told him)
was called Oldenburgh, and belonged to the duke of Saxony:
two leagues below that he came to anchor over againſt a
village called Rofe Beacon, a fayre beacon ſtanding by the
VOL. II.
Y Y
y
water
354
JOURNAL OF THE
June 24.
1654. water fide; it belongs to Hambourgh, and, by a late accident
of a foldier's diſcharging his mufquet, it fett a houſe on fire
and burnt halfe the towne; fome of Whitelocke's people
went on fhore, and reported it to be a poore place, and no
proviſions to be had there.
25.
The roade heer is well defended by a compaffe of
land on the ſouth and weft, butt to the north and
eaſt it lyes open;
the fea there is wide, butt full of
high fandes: the river is fo fhallowe in ſome places, that
there was ſcarce three fathom water where he paſt between
Brown-Bottle and Oldenbergh, where his fhip ftrucke uppon
the fand and made fowle water, to the imminent daunger of
him and all his people, had not the Lord in mercy kept them.
They were forced prefently to tack about, and feeke for
deeper water; the pilote confeſſed this to happen, bicauſe
they lay too farre to gaine the wind, which brought them
uppon the fhallowe.
Whitelocke came to Rofe Beacon before noone, which is
not very fafe if the wind be high, as now it was; yett much
fafer then to be out in the open fea, whither the pilote
durft not venture, the wind riſing and being contrary to
them.
The Lord's day. Mr. Ingelo, Whitelocke's chaplein,
preached in his fhip in the morning: Mr. de la March, his
other chaplein, was ficke of a diffentery, which he fell into
by drinking too much milke on ſhore. Mr. Knowles, a
confident young man, the fhip's minifter, preached in the
afternoon..
The wind blew very ftrong and contrary all the laſt night
and this morning, which made it troubleſome riding in this
place;
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
355
June 25.
place; in fo much, that the four cloth fhips, doubting the 1654.
continuance of this tempeftuous weather, and fearing the
daunger, that their cables would not hold, which fayling
would indaunger all, and not being well furniſhed with
provifions, they weighed anchor this morning flood, and
fayled back againe to Gluckſtadt roade; wherof they fent
notice to Whitelocke, defiring his excufe for what their
fafety forced them to doe: butt Whitelocke thought it not
requifite to follow their example, men of warre having
better cables then marchantmen; and being better able to
indure the ftreffe of weather, and he being better furniſhed
with provifions, he refolved to trye it out in this place.
In the afternoon the wind was fomwhat appeaſed, and
blew weft fouth-weft. A meffenger came aboard White-
locke, and informed him, that Grave Rantzow had fent a
noble prefent, a boate full of freſh provifions to Whitelocke;
butt by reaſon of the violent ftormes, and Whitelocke being
gone from Gluckstadt, the boate could not come att him,
butt was forced to returne backe, and fo Whitelocke loft
his prefent; the letters mentioning this were delivered to
Whitelocke by this meſſenger, and were theſe *.
* See ap-
pendix
I. J.
lation.
A fon excellence Monfieur Whitelocke, ambaſſadeur extraordi- for tranf-
naire d'Angleterre vers fa majesté la reyne de Suede.
"Mon Seigneur,
"Nous croyons eſtre obligez de fayre cognoiftre à voſtre
excellence, que mon feigneur le comte de Rantzow,
"noftre maiftre nous avoit donné commiffion de venir, très
"humblement baifer les mains de voftre excellence, et
luy fayre prefenter quelques cerfs, fangliers, lievres, per-
"dris, et quantité des carps; la fupplier de s'en re-
"frefchir
66
Y y 2
356
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 25.
"frefchir un peu, pendant que l'opiniaftreté d'un vent
" contraire, luy empecheroit une meillieure commodité, et
"d'affeurer voftre excellence de la part de mon feigneur
"le comte, qu'il fouhaite avec paffion de pouvoir tef-
moigner à voſtre excellence combien il defire les occa-
"fions pour luy rendre très humbles fervices, et con-
"tracter avec elle une amitié plus eftroite, et comme fon
"excellence s'en alloit trouver le roy fon maiſtre, qu'il ne
"laifferoit point de dire à ſa majefté les civilitez que voſtre
"excellence luy avoit faites, et que fa majefté eſpouſeroit
"fans doute fes interefts, pour l'affifter de s'acquiter de
"fon devoir avec plus de vigeur, lorfque la fortune luy en
"fourniroit quelque ample matiére.
66
« 6
66
"Mais, mon feigneur, nous avons efté fi malheureux
"d'arriver à Gluckstadt cinq ou fix heures après que
"voftre excellence avoit fait voile, et eftoit defcendue vers
"la mer, toutes fois avons nous pris viftement un vaiffeau
pour fuivre, et n'eftions guerés, loin du Havre où l'on
"difoit que voftre excellence eftoit contrainte d'attendre
un vent encore plus favorable; quand noftre vaiſſeau
"n'eftant point chargé fuft tellement battu
battu par une
grande tempefte, que nous eftions obligez de nous en
"retourner fans pouvoir executer les ordres de mon feig-
"neur le comte noftre maiftre, d'ont nous avons un
defplaifir incroyable. Voftre excellence a une bonté et
generofité très parfaite, c'eft pour quoy nous la fup-
plions très humblement, d'imputer plus toft à noftre
« malheur qu'à la volonté de mon feigneur le comte, le
"mauvais fuccez de cette noftre enterpriſe, aufli bien la
"lettre icy enfermée de fon excellence mon feigneur le
"comte donnera plus de croyance à nos paroles.
66
"C
"Nous
{
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
357
"Nous demandons très humblement pardon à voftre 1654.
"excellence de la longeur de celle cy, et efperons quelque
June 25.
rencontre plus heureufe pour luy tefmoigner, de meil-
"leure grace, que nous fommes paffionément.
"C
"Mon feigneur, de voftre excellence,
"très humbles et très obeiffants ferviteurs,
"Francis Louis Van de Wiele.
"Balth. Borne."
The incloſed letter from the count, which they mention-
ed, was this * :
* See ap-
pendix
K. K.
lation'
Illuftri et nobiliffimo domino Bulftrodo Whitelocke, confta- for tranf-
bulario caftri de Windfor, et domino cuftodi magni figilli
reipublicæ Angliæ, adq; fereniffimam reginam Sueciæ le-
gato extraordinario; Amico meo plurimum honorando.
Illuftris et nobiliffime domine legate, amice plurimum bono-
rande.
66
Quod excellentia veftra me hefterno die tam magni-
"fice et laute exceperit, id ut pro fingulari agnofco bene-
"ficio; ita ingentes excellentiæ veftræ ago gratias, et nihil
magis in votis habeo, quam ut occafio mihi offeratur,
66 qua benevolentiam hanc aliquando debite refarcire poffim.
66
"Cum itaq; videam ventum adhuc effe contrarium,
"adeo ut excellentia veftra anchoram folvere verfufq; pa-
"triam vela vertere nec dum poffit; partium mearum
"duxi aliquo modo gratum meum oftendere animum et
præfentem ad excellentiam veftram ablegare, fimulq;
aliquid
4
66
358
JOURNAL OF THE
1654." aliquid carnis, farinæ, et pifcium, prout feftinatio tem-
"poris admittere potuit, offerre, excellentiam veftram
June 25. obnixe rogans ut oblatum æqui boniq; confulere digne-
66 tur. Et quamvis ex animo excellentiæ veftræ ventum
fecundum, et ad iter omnia profpera exoptem; nihilo
"tamen minus, fi forte fortuna in hifce locis vicinis
"diutius adhuc fubfiftere cogatur, miniftris meis injungam,
66
ut excellentiæ veftræ in abfentia mea (quoniam in pro-
"cinctu fum me craftino mane ad regiam majeftatem domi-
num meum clementiffimum conferre) ulterius infervire,
"et quicquid occafio obtulerit fubminiftrare debeant.
66
"De cætero nos divinæ commendo protectioni, et excel-
"lentiæ veftræ filios dilectiffimos meo nomine falutare
"obnixe rogo.
i
"Dabam in arce mea Breitenburos, 23 Junii, anno
"1654.
"Excellentiæ veftræ
"obfervantiffimus totufq; addictus,
"Chriftianus comes in Rantzow."
Whitelocke did the rather infert theſe letters to teſtify
the abilities of the gentlemen fervants to this Grave, as alſo
the gratefull affection of their mafter towards him a
ftranger to them, uppon one meales intertainement and
acquaintance.
About fix a'clocke att night, Mr. Smith, fon to alder-
man Smith of London, and two other young marchants of
the engliſh company att Hambourgh, came on board to
Whitelocke, and brought letters to him from the reſident
Bradeſhawe, with thoſe the reſident received by this weekes
poft
SWEDISH AMBASS Y.
359
June 25.
poft from London; wherin was little newes, and no letters 1654.
came to Whitelocke, bicaufe (as he ſuppoſed) his friends be-
lieved him to be uppon the fea. Whitelocke wrote letters of
thankes to the refident, and inclofed in them letters of com-
plement to the ricks chancellor, and to his fon Grave Eric
of Sweden, and to Sir George Fletewood, and others, his
friends, and intreated the refident to fend them into Sweden.
The wind not being fo high the laſt night, nor this morn- 26.
ing as formerly, butt the weather promiſing fayre, and
Whitelocke longing to advance in his voyage, he weighed
anchor about breake of day, the Elizabeth did the like, and
they were under fayle about four a'clocke this morning: as
they came out from Rofe Beacon, they told above thirty
fiſher boates att ſea, teſtifying the induſtriouſnes of this
people.
About two leagues from Rofe Beacon they paſſed in fight
of another Beacon, and of a village which they call New-
worke, in which is a finalle caftle like unto that at Rofe
Beacon. Heer the fea began to expatiate, and about three
leagues from hence was the loweſt buoy of the river.
And now Whitelocke was gott forth into the open Ger-
man ocean, a ſea wide and large, oft-times highly rough
and boisterous, and full of daunger, efpecially in theſe
parts of it, and as Whitelocke fhortly found it to be.
Suddeinly the wind grew high, and the fea fwelled, and
they were faine to take in their top-fayles; the fhip rowled
and toffed fufficiently to make the younger feamen ficke,
and all fearfull.
From
1
JOURNAL OF THE
360
1654.
June 26.
From this place they might fce an ifland on the ſtar-
board fide of them called Halygoland, ftanding a great
way into the fea, twelve leagues from Rofe Beacon: the
ifland is about fix miles in compaffe; the inhabitants have
a language, habit, and lawes, different from their neigh-
bors, and are faid to have many witches among them;
their fhoares are found very daungerous, and many fhips
wrecked uppon
uppon them.
About noone the wind came more to the weft, and fome
times it was calme; nevertheles, the fea wrought high, the
waves rayfed by the former ftormes not abating a long
while after the ftorme ceaſed.
;
When they were gone about two leagues beyond Halygo-
land, the wind and tyde turning againſt them, they were
driven back agayne neer two leagues fhort of the ifland
butt about four a'clocke in the afternoone, the wind being
come to fouth fouth-eaft, and a fresh gale, they went on
well in their courſe, running about eight leagues in a
watch before it was night they had left Halygoland out of
fight, and gott about eight leagues beyond it; and the Eli-
zabeth kept up with Whitelocke.
From hence he came in fight of divers fmalle iflands
uppon the dutch coaft, which lye in ranke from the mouthe
of the Elbe unto the Texell. In the evening they fpyed a
fayle to the leeward of them, butt fo farre off, that White-
locke held it not fitt, being almoft darke, to goe fo farre
as he muſt doe out of his way to inquire after her, and the
ſeemed, att that distance, to ftand for the courfe of Eng-
land.
ſhe
The
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
361
June 27.
The laſt night the wind, having chopt about, had much 1654.
hindered Whitelocke's courfe, and made him uncertaine
where they were; yett he went on labouring in the maine;
butt the feamen gueffed, by the fhip's making way and
holding it (though fometimes forward and fometimes back-
ward), that this morning by eight a'clocke they had gained
thirty leagues from Halygoland, from which to Orfordneſs
they reckon eighty leagues, and the Flye to be midway.
The ſhip, which they faw laſt night comming neer them
this morning, they found to be of Amfterdam, comming
from the Sundt homewards: ſhe ſtrucke her fayles to White-
locke, and ſo paffed on her courſe.
About noone Whitelocke came over againſt the Flye, and
faw the tower there, about five or fix leagues from him.
The wind leffened, and the fea did not goe fo high as
before; he went on his courſe, about four or five leagues
in a watch about feven or eight Holland fhips made their
courſe by them (as was fuppofed) towards the Sundt, which
now they did without feare or daunger, the peace between
the two common-wealths being confirmed.
Whitelocke's frefl proviſions beginning to fayle, and his
biſcuit leffened by affording part of it to the Elizabeth,
which wanted, he was inforced to order that there fhould
be butt one meale a day, to make his provifions hold out.
The moſt part of the afternoon they were taken with a
calme, till about feven a'clocke in the evening, when the
wind came freſh agayne to the eaſt, and towards the
north, and then would againe change; and fometimes they
kept their courſe, and fometimes they were driven back
agayne the wind was high and variable, and they toyled
VOL. II.
Z ż
to
362
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. to and agayne, uncertaine where they were; divers tooke
the opportunity to recreate themfelves by fiſhing, and the
mackarell, and other fish, they tooke, gave a little fupply to
their want of victuall.
June 27.
28.
•
About nine a'clocke in the evening they loft the Eliza
beth, leaving her behind about three leagues; fhe uſed to
keep a diſtance from Whitelocke's fhip, and under the wind
of her fince they began their voyage; and, as a ftranger,.
would not keep company with Whitelocke, being difcon-
tented, bicauſe he went not in that frigott.
This Wedneſday was the day of Whitelocke's greateſt de-
liverance. After midnight, till three a'clocke in the after-
noone was a great calme, and though the Prefident were
taken with it, yett the Elizabeth had a good wind; and
notwithſtanding that, the day before, fhe was left behind a
great diſtance, yett this morning fhe came up neer to him,
and gott before him: fo great is the difference fometimes;
and att fo fimalle a diſtance, att fea, that heer one ſhip fhall
have no wind att all, and another ſhip a few yeards from
her ſhall have her fayles filled.
Notwithſtanding the calme, yett the wind being by
flaſhes large, they went the laſt night and the day before
twenty leagues up and downe, fometimes in their courfe,
and fometimes out of it in the morning, founding with
the plummet, the pilote judged that they were about fix-
teen leagues from the Texell, and twenty-four from Orford-
neffe, butt he did not certainly know whereabouts they were;
between three and four a'clocke in the afternoon, the wind
came to north north-weft, which gave them hopes of finiſh-
ing their voyage the fooner, and it blew a freſh gale.
About
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
363
June 28.
About five a'clocke in the evening roſe a very great 1654.
fogge and thicke mift, fo that it was exceeding darke, and
they could not fee their way a fhip's length before them.
Whitelocke came uppon the deckes, and, feeing the weather
fo bad and night comming on, and that all their fayles
were fpred, and they ran extraordinary faſt, he did not
like it, butt called togither the captaine, the mafter, the
pilote, and others, to confult what was beft to be done.
He aſked them, why they fpred all their fayles, and deſired
to make ſo much way in fo ill weather, and fo neer to
night? They faid, they had fo much fayle bicauſe the wind
favoured them, and that, notwithſtanding the bad weather,
they might fafely runne as they did, having fea roome
enough. Whitelocke aſked them, if they knew where-
abouts they were? they confeft they did not; bicauſe they
had bin fo much toffed up and downe by contrary winds,
and the fun had not fhined, wherby they might take the
elevation. Whitelocke replyed, that, having bin driven
forward and backward as they had bin, it was impoffible to
know where they were; that the fhip had runne, and did
now runne, extraordinary faſt, and if ſhe ſhould runne fo
all night, perhaps they might be in daunger of the engliſh
coaſt, or of the holland coaft; and that by Norfolke there
were great bankes of fand, by which he had paft att fea
formerly, and which could not be unknowne to them; that
in caſe the ſhip ſhould fall uppon thoſe fands, or any other
daungers of that coaft, before morning, they fhould be all
loft; and therfore he thought fitt to take downe fome of
their fayles, and flacken their courfe, till, by day-light,
they might come to know more certainly in what part they
were.
The officers of the fhip continued earneſt to hold on
their courſe, faying, they would warrant it, that there was
Zz2
run-
364
JOURNAL OF THE
June 28.
1654. running enough for all night, and that to take downe any
fayle, now the wind was fo good for them, would be a
great wrong to them in their courfe; butt Whitelocke was
little fatisfyed with their reaſons, and leffe with their war-
ranties, which among them are not of binding force : his
own reaſon ſhowed him, that, not knowing where they
were, and in fuch weather as this, to run on as they did,
they knew not whither, with all their fayles fpred, might
be daungerous; butt to take downe fome of their fayles,
and to flacken their courſe, could be no daunger and butt
little prejudice in the hinderance of their courſe this night,
which he thought better to be borne then to indaunger all.
Butt chiefly it was the goodnes of God to putt it ftrongly
uppon Whitelocke's heart to over-rule the feamen in this
perticular, though in their own art, and though his own
defires were fufficiently earneſt to haften to his deare rela-
tions and countrey; yett the preſent haſte he feared might
hinder the feeing of them att all. Uppon a ftrange earneſt-
nes in his own mind and judgement, he gave a pofitive
commaund to the captain to caufe all the fayles to be
taken downe, except the main-fayle only, and that to be
halfe furled uppon the captain's difpute, Whitelocke with
quicknes told him, that, if he did not preſently ſee it done,
he would cauſe another to doe it; wheruppon the captain
obeyed; and it was a great mercy that the fame was done,
which God directed as a means to fave their lives.
:
After the fayles were taken downe, Whitelocke alfo or-
dered them to found and trye what water and bottome they
had; about ten a'clocke in the evening founding, they
found eighteen fathome water, the next founding they had
butt fifteen fathome, and fo leffened every founding till
they came to eight fathome, which ſtartled them, and
7
made
}
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
365
made them indeavor to tacke about; butt it was too late, 1654.
for, within leffe then a quarter of an hower after they had n
eighteen fathome water, the ſhip ſtrucke uppon a banke of
fande, and there ftucke faſt.
Whitelocke was fitting with fome of the gentlemen in the
fteerage roome when this happened, and felt a ſtrange
motion of the frigott, as if fhe had leaped, and not unlike
the curvetting of a great horſe; and the violence of the
ftriking threw feverall of the gentlemen from off their feates
into the midft of the roome..
The condition they were in was quickly underſtood,
and both feamen and landmen difcovered it, by the won-
derfull terror and amazement which had feized on them,.
and more uppon the ſeamen then others who knew leffe of
the daunger.
June 28.
•
It pleaſed his good God to keep up the fpirits and faith
of Whitelocke in this great extreamity; and when nothing
would be done butt what he in perfon ordered, in this
frightfull confufion God gave him extraordinary fixtnes and
affiſtance, a temper and conftancy of fpirit beyond what
was ufuall with him. He ordered the mafter gunner pre-
fently to fire ſome pieces of ordnance (after the cuſtome att
fea) to fignify their being in diftreffe; butt the gunner was
fo amazed with the daunger, that he forgott to unbrace
the gunnes, and fhott away the maine fheate; and had not、
the ship bin ftrong and ftaunche, the gunnes being fired
when they were clofe braced, they had broke the fides of
her.
Whitelocke caufed the gunnes to be unbraced, and divers
of them fired, to give notice to the Elizabeth, or any other
fhip
:
1
366
JOURNAL OF THE
June 28.
1654. fhip that might be within hearing, to come in to their
aſſiſtance; butt they heard no gunnes againe to anſwear
theirs, though they longed for it, hoping that the Eliza-
beth, or any other fhip, comming in to them, by their
boates, might fave the lives of fome of them.
Whitelocke alfo caufed lights to be fett up in the top-
gallant, uſed att fea by thofe in diftreffe to invite help;
butt the lights were not anfweared agayne by any other
fhip or veffell; perticularly they wondered that nothing was
heard or feen from the Elizabeth.
Whitelocke then ordered the fayles of the fhip to be re-
verfed, that the winde, being high, might fo help them
off; butt no help was by it, nor by all the people's com-
ming togither to the fterne, then to the head, then to the
fides of the fhip, all in a heape togither; nothing would
help them.
Then Whitelocke ordered the marriners to
hoift out one of the boates, in which fome of the company
would have perfwaded Whitelocke to putt himfelfe, and to
leave the reſt, and ſeek to preſerve his own life, by truſting
to the feas in this boate; and they, that adviſed this, offered
willingly to goe with him.
"
Butt Whitelocke knew that, if he ſhould goe into the
boate (befides the diſhonor of leaving his people in this
diftreffe), ſo many would ftrive to enter into the boate with
him (a life knowes no ceremony) that probably the boate
would be funke by the crowding; and there was little hope
of eſcaping in fuch a boate, though he ſhould gett, well off
from the fhip, and the boate not be over loaden.
He therfore ordered the captain to take a few of the fea-
men into the boate with him, and to goe round the ſhip
and
SWEDISH AMBASS Y.
367
and found what water was on each fide of her, and what 1654.
hopes they could find, and by what means to gett her off,
himſelfe refolving to abide the fame fortune with his fol-
lowers.
The captaine found it very fhallow to windward, and
very deep to leeward, butt no hopes of help; and, att his
returne, the mafter adviſed to lighten the fhip by cafting
over-board the goods in her: Whitelocke held it beft to
begin with the ordnance, and gave order for it. Mr. Earle
was contriving how to fave his mafter's jewells, which were
of fome value; his mafter tooke more care to fave his
papers, to him more pretious jewells: butt there was noe
hope of ſaving any goods or lives. Whitelocke putt in his
pocket a tablet of gold of his wife's picture, that this, being
found about his dead body when it fhould be taken up,
might ſhow him to have bin a gentleman, and fatisfy for
his buryall..
One was defigning to gett uppon a planke, others uppon
the maſts, others uppon other fancies, any way to preſerve
life; butt no way was left wherby they could have the leaft
ſhadow or hopes of a deliverance.
The captain went up to the quarter decke, faying, there
he lived and there he would dye; all the officers (fadly
enough) concluded that there was not the leaſt ſhow of any
hopes of preſervation, butt that they were all dead men;
and that, uppon the returne of the tyde, the fhip would
queftionlefs be dafht in pieces.
Some lay crying in one corner, others lamenting in
another; fome, who vaunted moft in time of fafety,
were now moſt dejected: the tears, and fighs, and waylings,
June 28.
in:
368
JOURNAL OF THE
1
June 28.
1654. in all parts of the ſhip, would have melted a ftony heart
into pitty; every fwelling wave feemed great in expectation
of its booty; the raging waves foamed, as if their prey
were too long detained from them; every billow threatened
prefent death, who every moment ftared in their faces for
almoſt two howers togither.
In this condition Whitelocke incouraged his two fons to
undergoe the pleaſure of God with all fubmiffion. He was
forry for them, being young men, who might have lived
many years to doe God and their countrey ſervice, that
they now ſhould be fnatched away fo untimely; butt he
told them, that if father and fons muſt now dye togither, he
doubted not butt they fhould goe togither to that happines
which admits no change; that he did not fo much lament
his owne condition, being an old man, in the courfe of
nature much neerer the grave then they: butt he befought
God to bleffe them, and yett to appear for their deliverance,
if it were his will, or elfe to give him and them, and all the
company, hearts willing to ſubmit to his good pleaſure.
Walking on the deckes to fee his orders executed for
throwing the ordnance over-board, the boate-fwaine mett
him, and ſpake to him in his language.
Boatf. My lord, what doe you meane to doe?
Wh. Wherin doft thou aſke my meaning.?
Bo. You have.commaunded the ordnance to be caft over-
board.
Wh. It is for our preſervation.
Bo.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
369
Bo. If it be done we are all destroyed.
Wh. What reafon have you to be of this opinion? Muft
we not lighten the fhip; and can we doe it better then to
begin with the ordnance?
Bɔ. It may doe well to lighten the fhip, butt not by
throwing over-board the ordnance; for you can butt drop
them cloſe to the fhip's fide, and where the water is fhal-
lowe they will lye up againſt the fide of the ſhip and fret
it, and with the working of the fea make her to fpringe
leakes preſently.
Wh. I thinke thou ſpeakeſt good reaſon; and I will trye
a little longer before it be done.
Bo. My lord, doe not doubte butt God will flow him-
felfe, and bring you off by his own hand from this daunger.
Wh. Haft thou any ground to judge ſo, or doft thou fee
any probability of it?
Bo. I confeffe there is no probability for it; butt God
hath putt it into my heart to tell your excellence, that he
will appear our deliverer when all other hopes and helps
fayle us, and he will fave us by his owne power; and let us
truft in him.
Uppon this difcourfe with the honeft boate-fwaine, who
walked up and downe as quite unconcerned, Whitelocke for-
bad the throwing of the ordnance over-board; and as he
was £tting on the decke, Mr. Ingelo, one of his chaplains,
Von. I
A a a
came
1654.
June 28.
370
JOURNAL OF T THE
1654. came to him and faid, that he was glad to fee him in fo
good a temper.
June 28.
Wh. I bleffe God, who keeps up my fpirit.
Ing. My lord, fuch compofednes, and not being daunted
in this diſtreſſe, is a teftimony of God's prefence with you.
Wh. I have caufe to thanke God, whofe prefence hath
bin with me in all my daungers, and moſt in this greateſt,
which I hope and pray that he would fitt us all to fubmit
unto.
Ing. I hope he will; and I am glad to ſee your fons, and
others, to have fo much courage left in fo high a daunger.
Wh. God hath not fuffered me, nor them, nor yourſelfe,
to be dejected in this great tryall; and it gives me comfort.
att this time to obferve it, nor doth it leave me without
fome hopes, that God hath yett a mercy in ftore for us.
Ing. There is little hopes of continuance in this life; it
is good to prepare ourſelves for a better life; and therfore,
if you pleaſe that the company may be called togither into
your cabbin, it will be good to joyne in prayer, and re-
commending our fouls to him that gave them; I believe
they are not to remaine long in theſe bodyes of clay.
Wh. I hope every one doth this apart; and it is
and it is very fitt
likewife to joyne togither in doing it; therfore I pray fend
and call the people into my cabbin to prayer.
Whileft Mr. Ingelo was gone to call the people togither,
a mariner came, from the head of the fhip, running haſtily
towards
1
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
371
towards Whitelocke, and crying out to him, which caufed 1654.
Whitelocke to fufpect that the fhip had ſprung a leake, or
The marriner called out;
was finking.
Mar. My lord! my lord! my lord!
Wh. What's the matter, mariner?
Mar. She wagges! fhe wagges!
Wh. Which way doth fhe wagge?
Mar. To Leeward.
Wh. I pray God that be true; and it is the beſt newes that
ever I heard in my life.
Mar. My lord, uppon my life the fhip did wag; I faw
her move.
Wh. Mr. Ingelo, I pray ſtay a while before you call the
people; it may be God will give us occafion to change the
ftile of our prayers.
Fellow feaman, fhowe me where thou
faweft her move.
Mar. My lord heer, att the head of the frigott I ſaw her
move; and ſhe moves now: now he moves! you may
fee it.
Wh. My old eyes cannot difcerne. it..
Mar. I fee it plaine, and fo doe others.
Whileft they were thus fpeaking and looking, within
leffe then halfe a quarter of an hower, the flip herſelfe
Aa a 2
came
m
June 28.
!
}
1
372
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. came off from the fand, and miraculoufly floated on the
June 28.
water.
The fhip being thus, by the wonderfull immediate hand
of God, againe floating on the fea, the marriners would
have bin hoyling of their fayles; butt Whitelocke forbad
it, and faid, he would fayle no more that night: butt, as
foone as the hip had floated a good way from the banke
of fand, he caufed them to lett fall their anchors, that they
might ftay till morning to fee where they were, and ſpend
the reſt of the night in giving thanks to God for his moſt
eminent, moft miraculous, deliverance.
Being driven by the wind about a mile from the fand,
there they caft anchor, and fell into diſcourſe of the provi-
dences and goodnes of God to them in this unhoped for
prefervation.
One obferved, that, if Whitelocke had not pofitively over-
ruled the feamen, and made them, contrary to their own
opinions, to take downe their fayles, butt that the ſhip had
runne with all her fayles fpred, and with that force had
ftrucke into the fand, it had bin impoffible for her ever
to have come off againe, butt they muſt all have periſhed.
Another obferved, that the fhip did ftrike fo uppon the
banke of fand, that the wind was on that fide of her where
the banke was higheſt, and ſo the ſtrength of the wind lay to
drive the fhip from the banke towards the deep water.
Another fuppofed, that the fhip did ftrike on the fhelving
part of the banke of fand, and the wind blowing from the
higher part of the banke, the weight of the ſhip thus preffed
by the wind, and working towards the lower part of the
fhelving
!
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
373
ſhelving of the banke, the fand crumbled away from the 1654.
ſhip, and therby, and with the wind, fhe was fett on floate
agayne.
Another obferved, that, if the fhip had ftrucke higher on
the banke, or deeper, when her fayles had bin fpredde,
with the force of her way, they could not, in the leaſt pro-
bability, have bin ſaved.
*
Another obſerved, that through the goodnes of God the
wind rofe higher, and came more to that fide of the fhip
where the banke of fand was higheſt, after the fhip was
ftrucke, which was a great means of her comming off; and
that, as foone as he was floated, the wind was layd, and
came about againe to another quarter.
Another obferved, that it being att that time ebbing
water, was a great means of their prefervation; becauſe the
fhip being fo farre ftrucke into the fand, and ſo great a
fhip, a flowing water could not have rayfed her, butt,
uppon the comming in of the tide, fhe would queſtionleſs
have bin broke in pieces.
The mariners faid, that, if God had not loved the land-
men more then the feamen, they fhould never have come
off from this daunger.
Every one made his obſervations: Whitelocke concluded
them to this purpoſe.
"Gentlemen,
"I defire that we may all joyne togither in applying
theſe obſervations and mercyes to the prayſe of God, and
to
June 28.
t
374
JOURNAL OF THE
!
June 28.
1654. to the good of our own foules. Lett me exhort you never
to forgett this deliverance, and this fignall mercy: while the
love of God is warme uppon our hearts, lett us refolve to
retaine a thankfull memory of it to our lives end; and, for
the time to come, to imploy thofe lives, which God hath
now given to us and renewed to us, to the honor and
prayſe of him, who hath thus moft wonderfully and moſt
mercifully revived us, and as it were new created us.
"Lett us become new creatures; forfake your former
lufts in your ignorance, and follow that God fully, who
hath fo eminently appeared for us to fave us out of our
diftreffe; and as God hath given us new lives, fo lett us
live in newnes of life, and holynes of converfation."
Whitelocke caufed his people to come into his cabbin,
where Mr. Ingelo prayed with them, and returned prayfes
to the Lord for this deliverance: an occafion fufficient to
elevate his fpirit, and, meeting with his affections and abi-
lities, tended the more to the fetting forth his glory, whofe
name they had fo much caufe more then others to advance
and honor.
Many of the feamen came in to prayers, and White-
locke talked with divers of them uppon the mercy they
had received, who feemed to be much moved with the
goodnes of God to them; and Whitelocke fought to make
them and all the company fenfible of God's gratious
dealings, and to bring it home to the hearts of them.
He alſo held it a duety to leave to his owne family this
large relation, and remembrance of the Lord's fignall mercy
to him and his; whereby they might be induced the more to
ſerve the God of their fathers, to truft in him who never
fayles
3
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
375
June 28.
fayles thoſe that feeke him, and to love that God intirely, 1654.
who hath manifefted fo much love to them, and that in
their greateſt extreamities: and heerby to indeavour, that
a gratefull acknowledgement of the goodnes and unfpeake-
able love of God might be tranfmitted to his childrens chil-
dren; that as God never forgetts to be gratious, fo his fer-
vants may never forgett to be thankfull, butt to expreffe
the thankfullnes of their hearts by the actions of their lives.
Whitelocke ſpent this night in difcourfes uppon this hap-
py ſubject, and went not to bed att all, butt expected the
returne of day; and the more to expreſſe cheerfullnes to the
feamen, he promiſed, that as foon as light did appeare, if
they would up to the fhrowdes, and top, he, that could firſt
defcrie land, fhould have his reward, and a bottle of good
facke advantage.
As foon as day appeared, the mariners claymed many 29.
rewards and bottles of facke, fundry of them pretending to
have firſt difcovered land, and Whitelocke endeavoured to
give them all content in this day of rejoycing. God having
bin pleaſed to turne their forrowe into joy, by preferving
them in their great daunger, and preſently after by fhow-
ing them their longed for native countrey; making them,
when they were in their higheſt expectation of joy to arrive
in their beloved countrey, then to diſappoint their hopes,
by cafting them into the extreameft daunger: thus making
them fenfible of the incertainty of this world's condition,
and checking perhaps their too much earthly confidence,
to lett them fee his power to controlle it, and to change
their immoderate expectation of joy into a bitter doubt of
prefent death; yett againe, when he had made them fenfi-
ble therof, to make his equall power appeare for their de-
liverance, when vaine was the help of man; and, to bring
them
376
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654. them to depend more on him, then was he pleaſed to
refcue them by his own hand out of the jawes of death,
June 29 and to rcftore them with a great addition to their former
hopes of rejoycing by fhowing them their native coaft, the
first thing made knowne to them after their deliverance from
perifhing.
The day being cleer, they found themfelves
uppon the
coaſt of Norfolke, and (as they gueffed) about eight leagues
from Yarmouth, where they fuppofed their guns might be
heard the laft night.
The wind being good, Whitelocke ordered to weigh
anchor, and they fayled along the coaft, fometimes within
halfe a league of it, untill they paſt Orfordneffe and came
to Ofeley bay; where they againe anchored, the weather
being fo thicke with a great fogge and much raine, that
they could not difcerne the markes and bouyes to avoyd
the fandes, and to conduct them to the mouth of the river.
A fhort time after the weather began to cleer againe,
which invited them to weigh anchor, and putt the fhip
under fayle; butt they made little way, that they might
not hinder their founding, which Whitelocke directed, the
better to avoid the daunger of the fands, wherof this coaſt
is full.
Neer the roade of Harwich the Elizabeth appeared under
fayle on head of the Preſident, who, overtaking her, cap-
tain Minnes came on board to Whitelocke, who told him
the condition they had bin in the laſt night, and expoftu-
lated with him to this purpoſe.
Wh.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
377
}
Wh. Being in this diftreffe we fired divers gunnes, hop- 1654.
ing that you, captain Minnes, could not butt heare us and
June 29.
come in to our reliefe, knowing this to be the order of the
fea in fuch caſes.
Minnes. My lord, I had not the leaſt imagination of your
being in diftreffe; butt I confeſſe I heard your cannon, and
believed them to be fired by reafon of the fogge, which is
the cuſtome of the fea, in fuch weather, to advertiſe one
another where they are.
Wh. Uppon fuch an occafion as the fogge, feamen uſe
to give notice to one another by two or three gunnes; butt
I caufed many more to be fired.
Mi. I heard butt four or five in all; and I anfweared
your gunnes by firing fome of mine.
Wh. We heard not one of your gunnes.
Mi. That might be by reafon we were to windward of
you three leagues.
Wh. Why then did you not anfwear the lights which I
cauſed to be fett up?
Mi. My lord, thofe in my fhip can wittneffe that I fett
up lights againe, and caufed fquibbes and fireworkes to be
caft up into the aier, that you might therby difcerne wher-
abouts we were.
Wh. It was ftrange, that we could neither fee yours, nor
you our lights.
VOL. II.
Bbb
Mi.
378
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
June 29,
Mi. The greatnes of the fogge might occafion it.
Wh. The lights would appeare through the fogge, as well
as in the night.
Mi. My lord, I did all this.
Wh. It was contrary to my orders for you to keep fo
farre off from me, and to be on fterne of me three leagues;
butt this hath bin your practice fince we first came out to
fea togither; and if you had bin under the commaund of
fome others, as you were under mine, they would have ex-
pected more obedience then you have given to my orders,
or have taken another courfe with you, which I can doe
likewife.
Mi. My lord, I indeavoured to gett the wind of you,
that I might therby be able to keep in your company, which
otherwiſe I could not have done, you being fo much fleeter
then the Elizabeth; butt in the evenings I conftantly came
up to your excellence.
Wh. Why did you not fo the laft night?
Mi. The fogge rofe about five a'clocke, and was fo
thicke, that we could not fee two fhips length before us:
in that fogge I loft you, and fearing there might be daun-
ger in the night to fall uppon the coaft, I went off to fea,
fuppofing you had done fo likewife, as (under favour) your
captain ought to have done; and for my obedience to your
excellency's commaunds, it hath bin, and fhall be, as full
and as willing, as to any perfon living.
Wb.
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
379
June 29,
Wh. When you found by my gunnes, that you were fo 1654.
farre from me to the windward, you might feare that I was
fallen into that daunger which you had avoyded, by keep-
ing yourſelfe under the wind more att large att ſea.
Mi. If I had in the leaft imagined your excellence to have
bin in daunger, we had bin worſe than Turkes, if we had
not indeavoured to come in to your fuccour; and though it
was impoffible, as we lay, for our fhip to come up to your
excellence, yett I ſhould have adventured with my boates to
have fought you out: butt that you were in any daunger
was never in our thoughts; and three howers after your
gunnes fired, founding, I found by the lead the redde fand,
which made me thinke both your excellence and we might
be in the more daunger, and I lay the further off from them;
butt knew not where your excellence was, nor how to come
to you.
After much more difcourfe uppon this fubject, captain
Parkes preffing it againſt Minnes, who anfweared well for
himfelfe, and fhowed, that he was the better feaman in this
action, and in moft others, and in regard of the caufe of
rejoycing which God had given them, and that they now
were neer the end of their voyage.
Whitelocke held it not fo good to continue the expoftu-
lation, as to part friends with captain Minnes and with all
his fellow feamen, and fo they proceeded togither lovingly
and friendly in their voyage.
The wind not blowing att all, butt being a high calme,
they could advance no further then the tyde would carry
them; the which fayled them, when they came to a place
called Shoe, about four leagues from the mouth of Thames.
Having,
B b b 2
380
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
Having, through the goodnes of God, paffed by and
avoyded many bankes of fandes and daungerous places,
June 29. the wind fayling them, and the tyde quite fpent, they were
forced, about feven a'clocke in the evening, to come to an
anchor. Captain Minnes, hard by the Prefident, where, to
make fome paftime and diverfion, he caufed many fquibbes
and fire-workes to be caft up into the aier from the Elizabeth,
in which Minnes was very ingenious, and gave recreation
therby to Whitelocke and to his company.
30.
Friday, the laſt of this month, was the fifth and laſt day
of Whitelocke's voyage by fea from the mouth of the Elbe,
to the mouth of Thames. About twelve a'clocke the laſt
night, the wind began to blowe very ſtrong in the fouthr
weſt, and by day breake they had weighed anchor; and
though the wind was extreame high, and a great tempeft,
yett fuch was their defire of getting into the harbour, that,
taking the benefit of the tyde and by often tacking about, they
yett advanced three leagues in their courfe; and when the
tyde fayled, they were forced to caſt anchor att the Buoy in
the Nowre, the fame place where Whitelocke firſt anchored
when he came from England.
their
The pilots and marriners had much adoe to manage
fayles in this tempeftuous weather; and it was a great favour
of God that they were not out att fea in theſe ftormes, butt
returned in fafety to the place where the kindnes of God
had before appeared to them.
In the afternoon the wind began to fall, and they
weighed anchor, putting themſelves under fayle, and pur-
fuing their courfe, till, for want of day and of tyde, they
were fayne to caft anchor a little above Gravefend; and it
being very late, Whitelocke thought it would be too trouble-
fome
S. WE DISH AMBASSY.
381
fome to goe on fhore: butt to keepe his people togither, and 1654.
that they might all be the readier to take the morning tyde, m
June 30.
he lay this night alſo on fhip-board, butt fent Earle and fome
others that night to fhore to learne the newes, and to pro-
vide boates againſt the morning for tranſportation of White-
locke and his company the next day to London.
Thus after a long, moft difficult, and moft daungerous
journey, negotiation, and voyage, from fouth to north in
winter, and from north to ſouth in fummer; after the won-
derfull preſervations and deliverances which the Lord had
bin pleaſed to vouchſafe to them; he was alſo pleaſed, in his
free and conſtant goodnes to his fervants, to bring them all
in fafety and with comfort agayne to their native country.
and deareſt relations, and bleft with the fucceffe of their
imployment, and with the wonderfull appearances of God
for them..
1
May it be the bleffed portion of them all never to forgett
the loving kindnes of the Lord;, butt by thefe cords of love
to be drawne neerer to him, and to runne after him all the
dayes of their lives!
4
To the end that thoſe of his family may fee what cauſe
they have to trust in God and to prayfe his name for his
goodnes,. Whitelocke hath thought fitt heerby in writing,
and as a monument of God's mercy, to tranfinit the memory
of theſe paſſages to his poſterity..
U L. Y..
382
JOURNAL OF THE
JULY.
1654.
July 1.
A
BOUT three a'clocke this morning, good ſtore of boates
came from Gravefend to Whitelocke's fhips, to tranf
port him, his company, and goods to London : by the help
of the mariners, without much delay, the baggage was putt
on board the boates; and Whitelocke's people, after a
perilous and tedious voyage, were not backward to leave
their fhips, and to ſet forwards for London.
Earle was fent before to Greenwich to acquaint White-
locke's wife with his coming; left fudden joy and appre-
henfions might furprize her to her prejudice.
Whitelocke having diftributed his rewards to the officers
and feamen of both the frigotts, much to the fame propor-
tion as when he went forth, and given them all his hearty
thankes, he went into a boate of fix oares, his two fons and
fome of the gentlemen with him, the reft in other boates;
when they were gone about a muſkett ſhott from the fhips,
both the frigotts and the fort fired their cannon for a parting
falutation.
The weather was cold, wett, and windy, as if it had bin
ftill winter, butt it was chearfully indured, being the con-
cluſion of a bad voyage: neer Greenwich Earle mett them,
and informed Whitelocke that his family was att Chelſey,
whither he had fent advertiſement of his comming.
Ma
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
383
Many of the company being much tyred, fick, and want- 1654.
ing fleep, by their defire, and for their refreshment, he
July 1.
ſtayed a little time att the Beare on the Bridge foot, and from
thence to Whitehall, where, not finding the protector, who
was gone to Hampton Court, yett, many of his friends
meeting him there, he was imbraced by them with much
fliew of joy, and heartily bid wellcome home, bleffing God
for his fafe returne, and good fucceffe in his buifnes.
From Whitehall Whitelocke went to his own houſe att
Chelſey, where he found his wife and family in good health;
butt in no ſmalle paffion, furpriſed with the great and ſud-
dein joy, which oft-times brings no leffe diſturbance to the
tempers of people, efpecially of the more tender and affec-
tionate ſexe, then other furpriſes doe : fuddein feare, griefe,
and joy, are often equall in their operation uppon conftitu-
tions and affections; nor was Whitelocke's wife alone in this
furprize, another with her, att the returne of her huſband,
could not forbeare in all that company, her extraordinary
expreffions of joy att the happy meeting of her own moſt
neer relation.
From the time of Whitelocke's departure from hence, to
his entry into Ubfale, Whitelocke ſpent forty-feven dayes ;
five moneths he stayed there, and in his returne from Ubfale
to this place, coft him forty-three dayes: and, in all theſe eight
moneths time of his abfence from his deare relations and
countrey, the Lord was pleafed fo to owne him and his, and
fo gratiouſly to preſerve and profper them, that himfelfe and
a hundred perfons in his company, after fo long a journey,
fo great a change of climate and accommodations, fuch hard-
fhips indured, fuch daungers furmounted through his good-
nes, the buifnes effected beyond the expectation of thoſe who
imployed him; Whitelocke and all his company were,
through
384
JOURNAL OF THE
}
June 22.
1654. through mercy, returned to their countrey and relations, in
as good condition and health as when they went forth; not
one of them left behind dead or ficke, or impayred in their
health, butt fome improved and bettered therin. Only White-
locke, being antient, will have caufe to remember the de-
cay of his ſtrength and health by the hardſhips and difficulties
of this fervice; butt more caufe hath he to remember the
wonderfull goodnes of God to him and his company abroad,
and to his wife and family att home, in his bleffing and pre-
ſervation of them, and in the comfort and fafety of their
meeting, after fo long and perilous a feparation, for which,
he is obliged to prayfe the name of God for ever.
After ceremonies paft att his comming to his own houſe,
Whitelocke fent captain Beake to Hampton Court, to ac-
quaint the protector with his returne, to preſent his duety,
and to receive his commaunds when Whitelocke fhould waite
uppon his highnes, to kiffe his hand, and to give him an
account of his negotiation.
Beake returned this evening from Hampton Court to
Whitelocke, with this anfwear; that the protector expreffed
much joy att the newes of the fafe arrivall of Whitelocke
and of his company in England; that he looked
that he looked uppon it
as a mercy, and bleſt God for it, and that he much defired
to fee Whitelocke; and hoped, on Monday next att Whitehall,
to have his company, who fhould be very wellcome to
laim.
A little while after this meffage returned, there came two
of the protector's gentlemen, fent by him to Chelfey, in his
name, to vifit Whitelocke, and to bid him wellcome home,
to inquire of his health, and to teflify the contentment the
3
protector
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
$85
protector received by Whitelocke's happy returne home, and 1654.
that he hoped on Monday next to ſee him.
Whitelocke defired the gentlemen to preſent his humble
thankes to the protector for this great favour, to inquire
after fo meane a fervant, who hoped to have the honor to
waite uppon his highnes att the time appointed by him.
The Lord's day. Whitelocke began to injoy fome more
privacy and retirement then he had bin lately accuſtomed
unto, and was at the publique church with his wife and
family, and courteouſly faluted and bid wellcome home by
many.
In the evening, the protector ſent another complement
to Whitelocke by Mr. Strickland, one of his councell, who
came to Whitelocke's houſe and told him, that he was fent
by the protector to falute him, and to inquire of his health
after his long and dangerous voyage, and to aſſure him of
the great joy his highnes received by Whitelocke's ſafe ar-
rivall in England, and the defire he had to ſee him, and
perfonally to intertain him. Whitelocke defired his moſt
humble thankes might be returned to his highnes for this
great favour, giving him the opportunity of feeing fo
honorable a perſon as Strickland was, and for taking fuch
care of ſo poor a ſervant as Whitelocke, and to lett his highnes
know, that he fhould obey his highnes's commaunds in
waiting on him the next day as he appointed.
Whitelocke came to Whitehall about nine a'clock this
morning, where he vifited Mr. Secretary Thurloe, who
brought him to the protector; and he received Whitelocke
with great demonſtration of affection, and carryed him into
VOL. II.
his
Ccc
July.
2.
3.
ફ્
386
JOURNAL OF THE
!
+ *
1654. his cabbinet, where they were togither about an hower, and
had this among other difcourfes.
July 3.
Pro. How have you injoyed your health in your long
journey, both by fea and land; and how could
and how could you indure
thofe hardſhips you were putt unto in that barren and cold
countrey?
Wh. Indeed, Sir, I have indured many hardships, for an
old crazy carcas as mine is; butt God was pleaſed to flow
much mercy to me, in my fupport under them, and vouch-
fafing me competent health and ſtrength to indure them.
Pro. I have heard of your quarters and lodging in ftrawe,
and of your diett in your journey: we were not fo hardly
nor ſo often putt to it in our ſervice in the army.
Wh. Both my company and myſelfe did cheerfully indure
all our hardſhips and wants, being in the fervice of our God
and of our countrey.
Pro. That was alſo our fupport in our hardſhips in the
army; and it is the beſt ſupport; indeed it is; and you found
it fo in the very great preſervations you have had from
daungers.
Wh. Your highnes hath had great experience of the
goodnes of God to you; and the fame hand hath appeared
wonderfully in the prefervation of my company and my-
felfe from many imminent and great daungers both by fea
and land.
Pro. The greateſt of all other, I heare, was in your re-
turne home uppon our coaft.
1
Wh..
秘
​SWEDISHA MBASS Y.
387
Wh. That, indeed, Sir, was very miraculous.
Pro. I am glad to ſee you ſafe and well after it.
Wh. I have cauſe to bleffe God with all thankefullnes for
it, as long as I live.
Pro. I pray, my lord, tell me the perticulars of that
great deliverance.
Theruppon Whitelocke gave a perticular account of the
paſſages of that wonderfull preſervation: then the protector
faid.
Pro. Really thefe paffages are full of wonder and mercy;
and I have cauſe to joyne with you in acknowledgement
of the goodnes of the Lord heerin.
Wh. Your highnes teſtifyes a true fence therof, and your
favour to your fervant.
Pro. I hope I fhall never forget the one or the other; in-
deed I hope I ſhall not: butt, I pray, tell me, is the queen a
lady of fuch rare parts as is reported of her?
Wh. Truely, Sir, fhe is a lady excellently qualifyed, of
rare abilities of mind, perfect in many languages, and moſt
forts of learning, eſpecially hiftory, and, beyond compare
with any perſon whom I have knowne, underſtanding the
affayres and intereſt of all the ſtates and princes of Chriſten-
dome.
Pro. That is very much: butt what are her principles in
matters of religion?
1654.
July 3.
Ccc 2
Wh.
388
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 3.
Wh. They are not fuch as I could wiſh they were; they
are too much inclined to the manner of that countrey, and
to fome perfwafions from men not well inclined to thofe
matters, who have had too much power with her.
Pro. That is a great deale of pitty; indeed I have heard
of fome paſſages of her, not well reliſhing with thoſe that
feare God; and this is too generall an evill among thoſe
people, who are not fo well principled in matters of religion
as were to be wifhed.
Wh. That is too true; butt many fober men and good
Chriſtians among them doe hope, that in time there may
be a reformation of thoſe things; and I tooke the boldnes
to putt the queen and the prefent king in mind of the
duety incumbent uppon them in that buifnes; and this I
did with becomming freedome, and it was well taken.
Pro. I thinke you did very well to informe them of that
great duety, which now lyes uppon the king; and did he
give care to it?
Wh. Yes, truely, Sir, and told me that he did acknow-
ledge it to be his duety, which he refolved to purfue as op-
portunity could be had for it; butt he faid, it muſt be done
by degrees with a boisterous people, fo long accuſtomed to
the contrary; and the like anfwear I had from the arch-
biſhop of Ubfale, and from the chancellor, when I fpake
to them uppon the fame fubject, which I did plainly.
Pro. I am glad you did fo is the archbishop a man of
good abilities?
Wh。
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
389
Wh. He is a very reverend perfon, learned, and ſeems 1654.
very pious.
w
July 3.
Pro. The chancellor is the great wiſe man.
Wh. He is the wifeft man that ever I converfed with
abroade, and his abilities are fully anfwearable to the report
of him.
Pro. What character doe you give of the prefent king?
Wh. I had the honor divers times to be with his majeſty,
who did that extraordinary honor to me as to vifit ine at my
houſe he is a perfon of great worth, honor, and abilities,
and not inferior to any in courage and military conduct.
Pro. That was an exceeding high favour to come to yo
in perfon.
Wh. He never did the like to any publique minifter 1;
butt this, and all other honor done to me, was butt to teſtify
their refpects to your highnes, the which indeed was very
great, both there and where I paſt in Germany..
Pro. I am obliged to them for their very great civility.
Wh. Both the queen, and the king, and his brother, and
the archbiſhop, and the chancellor, and moſt of the gran-
dees, gave teftimony of very great refpect to your highnes,
and that not only by their words butt by their actions
likewife.
Pro. I fhall be ready to acknowledge their refpects uppon.
any occafion..
6
Wh..
390
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 3.
Wh. The like respects were testifyed to your highnes in
Germany, eſpecially by the town of Hambourgh; where I
indeavoured, in your highnes's name, to confirme the pri-
viledges of the english marchants, who, with your refident
there, fhowed much kindnes to me and my company.
Pro. I fhall heartily thanke them for it is the court of
Sweden gallant and full of refort to it?
Wh. They are extreame gallant for their cloathes and
for company, moft of the nobility, and the civill and mili-
tary officers, make their conſtant reſidence where the court
is, and many repayre thither on all occaſions.
Pro. Is their adminiſtration of juſtice ſpeedy; and have
they many law fuits?
Wh. They have juftice in a ſpeedier way then with us,
butt more arbitrary, and fewer caufes, in regard that the
boores dare not contend with their lords; and they have butt
few contracts, bicauſe they have butt little trade; and there
is ſmalle uſe of conveyances or queſtions of titles, bicauſe
the law diſtributes every man's eſtate after his death among
his children, which they cannot alter, and therfore have the
fewer contentions.
Pro. That is like our gavelkind.
Wh. It is the fame thing; and in many perticulars of our
lawes, in cafes of private right, and of the publique governe-
ment (eſpecially in their parlements), there is a ſtrange re-
emblance between their law and ours.
Pro.
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
391
Pro. Perhaps ours might, fome of them, be brought from 1654.
thence.
July 3.
Wh. Doubtles they were, when the Goths and Saxons,
and thoſe northerne people, planted themſelves heer.
Pro. You met with a barren countrey, and very colde..
Wh. The remoter parts of it from the court are extreame
barren; butt att Stockholme and Ubfale, and moſt of the
great townes, they have ftore of provifions: butt fatt beefe
and mutton in the winter time is not fo plentifull with them,
as in the countryes more foutherly; and their hott weather
in fummer as much exceeds ours, as their cold doth in
winter.
Pro. That is fomewhat troubleſome to indure; butt how
could you paſſe over their very long winter nights?
Wh. I kept my people. togither and in action and recre--
ation, by having muſick in my houſe, and incouraging that
and the exercife of dauncing, which held them by the ears;
and eyes, and gave them diverfion without any offence.
And I caufed the gentlemen to have difputations in latin,
and declamations uppon words which I gave them.
Pro. Thoſe were very good diverfions, and made your
houſe a little academy..
Wh. I thought theſe recreations better then gaming for:
money, or going forth to places of debauchery.
Pro.' It was much better; and I am glad you had ſo good!
an iffue of your treaty.
Wb..
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JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 3.
4.
5.
Wh. I bleffe God for it, and fhall be ready to give your
highnes a perticular account of it, when you fhall appoint
a time for it.
Pro. I thinke that Thurſday next, in the morning, will
be a good time for you to come to the councell, and to make
your report of the tranſactions of your negotiation; and
you
and I muſt have many diſcourſes uppon theſe arguments.
Wh. I fhall attend your highnes and the councell.
This day was ſpent in vifits, very much company re-
forting to Whitelocke's houfe to bid him wellcome into
England, fo that, by the multitude of company, he had not
any opportunity of recollecting himfelfe and his thoughts
touching the matters which he was to communicate to the
councell the next day; butt it could not be avoyded, and
he muſt take fuch time as would be afforded him.
By Whitelocke's appointment, all his company, who were
with him in Sweden, came this day to his houſe att Chelſey,
where divers others of his good friends mett them, to the
intent they might all joyne togither in returning humble
and hearty thankes to God, for his great mercy and goodnes
to them, in their preſervation and wonderfull deliverances
in their voyage, in bleffing them with health, and with fuc-
ceffe in their buifnes, and bringing all of them in fafety and
comfort to their native countrey and moft deare relations.
Being for this end mett togither in a large roome, pre-
pared for them, they began the duety; and, firft, Mr.
Peters acquainted them with the occafion of the meeting,
recommending all to the direction and affiftance of the
Lord.
He
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
393
r
He ſpake to them, uppon the pfalme, pertinent to the 1654.
occafion, and to the mention of their voyage, hardships,
July 5.
daungers, and difficulties, wherin God had delivered them;
and what fenfe theſe things ought to worke uppon their
hearts, and what thankfulnes they ought to returne to God
for his mercyes.
After a pfalme fung, Mr. Ingelo, one of Whitelocke's
chapleins, prayed with them, and then amplyfied the
favours and deliverances which God had wrought for them,
the great difficulties and daungers wherin he had preſerved
them, and their unworthynes of any mercy: he exhorted
them to all gratitude to the Author of their mercyes; in all
which he expreffed himſelfe with much piety, ingenuity,
and with great affection.
Mr. George Downing, who had bin a chaplein to a re-
giment in the army, expounded a place of fcripture very
fuitable to the occafion, and very ingeniouſly and pertinently.
After him, Mr. Stapleton prayed very well, and fpake
pertinently and feelingly to the reft of the company, his
fellow travaylers: then they fung another plalme; and,
after that, Mr. Cokaine fpake very well and pioufly, and
gave good exhortations on the fame ſubject.
When all theſe gentlemen had ended their difcourfes pro-
per for the occafion, Whitelocke himſelfe fpake to the com-
pany to this effect.
66
"Gentlemen,
"You have heard, from our worthy chriftian friends,
many words of pretious trueth, with which, I hope all
VOL. II.
Dd d
66 our
394
JOURNAL OF THE
1554.
July 5.
66
our fouls are refreſhed, and doe pray, that our practice
may be conformed.
"The duety of this day, and of every perfon, is gra-
"tiarum actio: I wish we may all act thankfullnes to our
God, wherunto we are all obliged who have received for
great benefits from him.
66
66
CC
"In a more peculiar manner then others, I hold myſelfe
obliged to render thankes ;
66
To our God, who hath preferved us all, and brought
us in fafety and comfort to our deare countrey and re-
"lations.
66
2. To our chriftian friends, from whom we have re-
"ceived fuch powerfull inftructions this day, and prayers
"all the dayes of our abſence.
66
3. To you, gentlemen, who have fhowed fo much
"affection and reſpect, in bearing me company, in a journey
"fo full of hardſhips and daungers.
"I am of the opinion of the Roman foldier, who told
"Cæfar, I have in my own perfon fought for thee, and,
"therfore, that the emperor ought in his own perfon to
k
plead for the foldier; which he did; and have in your
"own perfon indured all the hardships, difficulties, and
daungers with me: and were I as able as Cæfar, I hold
myſelfe as much obliged in my own perſon to ferve you,
"and to the uttmoft of my capacity fhall doe all good
"offices for any of you, who have, with fo much affection,
66
refpect, and hazard, adventured your perfons with me.
I am
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
395
"I am obliged, and doe returne my hearty thankes, to 1654;
"our worthy friends, who have fo excellently performed
"the worke of the day, and fhall pray, that it
(6
66
may be
powerfull, uppon every one of our hearts, to build us up
"in the knowledge of this duety; and I ſhould be glad to
promiſe, in the name of all my company, that we ſhall
give a ready and conſtant obſervance of thoſe pious in-
"ftructions we have received from you.
66
66
"Some heer have bin actors with us in our ftory, have
ર gone downe to the ſea in ſhips, and done buifnes in great
waters; have feen the workes of God, and his wonders
"in the deep; his commaunding and rayfing the ftormy
wind, lifting up the waves therof, which mount up to
"the heavens, and goe downe againe to the deep, whofe
"fouls have melted bicaufe of trouble, and have bin att
"their witts end; then have cryed unto the Lord in their
"diftreffe, and he hath brought them out of trouble: we
"have feen him make the ftorme a calme, and the waves
"therof ftill; then were we glad, and he brought us to our
"defired harbour.
"O that we would prayfe the Lord for his goodnes, for
"his wonderfull workes! Lett us exalt him in the congre-
gation of the people, and prayfe him in the affembly of
"the elders.
66
"Theſe my companions, who have bin actors, and
"others, I hope, will give me leave to make them auditors
"of fome ſpeciall providences of the Lord, wherin we
"may all reape benefit from the relation.
66
"The Apoſtle faith,
negligent, to putt you
2 Pet. i. Wherfore I will not be
alwayes in remembrance of thefe
D dd 2
things,
July 5.
396
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. "things, though you know them, and be established in the
preſent trueth.
July 5.
→ 66
"To all I may fay, with the wife man, Prov. viii. Heare,
for I will fpeake of excellent things, free mercyes, great
"deliverances, wonderfull preſervations: excellent things
to thoſe who were fharers of them in action, and for the
contemplation of thoſe who are hearers of them; therfore
"I may ſhortly recite fome of the moſt eminent of them.
66
66
"
In the firſt day of our voyage, with a fayre wind, att
"night it changed, and we were ftopt, till comfortable
"letters came to me, which otherwife could not have come,
"and were no fooner anfweared, butt the wind came fayre
agayne.
"When we toyled in the open fea with croffe winds
"and tempefts, driven neer to our own coaſt back agayne,
"God fent us then fayre weather, and a good gale for our
voyage.
"How was he pleaſed to bring us fo very neer great
"daunger on the Riffe, and then bring us fafe off from it,
"and hold on our courſe agayne!
"When we were in no fmalle daunger in the tempestuous
"feas, on the backe of the Skawe, when the anchors
dragged a league in one night with the ftorme, and every
"moment we expected to be devoured by the raging waves,
"there the Lord was alſo our deliverer; as he alſo was uppon
"the rocky coaſt of Norwey, and in the difficulte paf-
fage to the harbour of Gothenbergh. Throughout our
voyage, the providence of God watched over us, and
protected us.
66
<<
" Thus
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
397
"Thus did he in our land journey, where the extreame 1654.
"hardſhips we were putt unto are fufficiently knowne to all
July 5.
"of us, and will to our life's end be felt by fome of us.
"My perticular preſervation was wonderfull from an in-
"tended affaffination by one, who thruſt himfelfe into my
company to have the better opportunity to execute it;
butt, overcome with kindnes, his heart relented, and he
"forfooke his purpoſe and my company.
66
"If the fnow had fallen (as in other years) in the time
"of our travayle, we could not have paffed our journey;
"butt he, who rules the heavens and the earth, reſtrained it,
"till we came within halfe a day of our journey's end, and
"in fafety he conducted us to Ubfale.
$6
"The fame providence kept us there, and, when fome of
our company were fick and hurt, reftored health againe.
"It was marvailous and unexpected, that, in a forein
"countrey, att ſuch a diſtance from friends and acquaint--
ance, God thould rayfe us up friends out of ftrangers,
namely, the queen, forein miniſters, and great officers; in
"whofe fight we found wonderfull favour, to our prefer-
"vation under God, and a great means of effecting what we
66
"came
came about, maugre the labours and defigns of our
"enemies againſt it, and their plotts and attempts for our
deſtruction, had not our rock of defence fecured us.
66.
""
6.6
6.6
"I ſhould detaine you very long, though I hope it would
not be thought too long, to recite all our remarkable
mercyes; and it is an excellent thing that they are fo
numerous. We are now comming homewards. How dids
our God preſerve us, over the Baltick fea, from innu-
"merable.
6.
398
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
"merable daungers of the rockes, fandes, coafts, iflands,
"fierce lightenings, ftormes, and thofe high fwelling
waters!
July 5. 66
66
66
"Such was our preſervation, in the Elbe, when our
countrymen leaped into the water, to bring us off from
daunger, and when the tempefts hurryed us up and
downe, by Halygo ifland, then towards Holland, then to
the northward, then to the fouthward, in the open break-
ing rough feas, when we had loft our courſe, and knew
"not where we were.
66
66
66
66
66
"Above all other, was that moſt eminent deliverance neer
"our own coaft, when our ſhip was ftucke uppon the fande
"twelve leagues from any fhoare, when no helpe nor
humane means were left to fave us, when pale death
"faced us fo long togither, when no hopes remained to
eſcape his fury or the rage of the waves, which we ex-*
pected every inftant to fwallow us; even then, to fhow
"where our dependance ought to be, our God would make
"it his owne worke to deliver us: he it was that rayfed
"the wind, and brought it from the higher part of the banke
"to flake our faſtened fhip and crumble the loofe fandes ;
"and no fooner had we taken a refolution of praying and
"refigning our fouls to God, butt he gave us our lives
agayne, moving our fhip by his powerful arme, making
"it to floate againe, none knowing how or by what means,
"butt by the free act of his mercy, and not a returne of
ours, butt of the prayers of fome heer preſent, and di-
vers others our chriftian friends, who, att that very time,
"were mett togither to ſeek the Lord for us, and for our
"fafe returne.
66
66
CE
•
"Methinks
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
399
:
6C
July 5.
"Methinks the hearts of us, who were partakers of theſe 1654.
mercyes, ſhould rejoice in the repetition of them; and
thoſe, that heare them, cannot butt fay they heare ex-
"cellent things; and certainly never had any men more
"caufe, then we have, of returning humble and hearty
"thankes to God, who hath thus faved us.
6.6
"And, having received theſe mercyes, and bin delivered
out of theſe diftreffes, I may fay to you, as Jacob fayd to
"his houfhold, Gen. xxxv. Lettus arife and go to Bethel; lett
us ferve God and prayfe his name, who anſweared us in
"the day of our diftreffe, and was with us in the way which
66
€4 we went..
6.6
"Lett us alfo keep Jacob's vow; the Lord hath bin with
us, and kept us in our way, and brought us againe to
our father's houfe in peace; lett the Lord be our God.
"Lett not any of our former vanities or lufts, or love
"of the world, be any more our God; butt lett the Lord be
"our God, lett our thankſgiving appear in owning the Lord
"for our God, and in walking anfwearable to our mercyes;
"lett our prayers be according to the councell of the
Apoſtle, Eph. v. See then that you walke circumspectly,
giving thankes alwayes for all things: how much more
are we bound to doe it from our ſpeciall mercyes!
t
66
(6
"Gentlemen, give me leave to conclude with my per-
"ticular thankes to you, who accompanyed me in my
journey, and have manifefted very much refpect, care,
diligence, courage, and diſcretion. You have, by your
demeanour, done honor to our profeffion of religion, to
"our countrey, to yourfelves, to your ambaffador; who
"will be ready to teftify the fame on all occafions, and to
"· dos
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JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 5.
"do you all good offices, chiefly in bearing you company
"to returne prayfes to our God, whofe mercyes indure
for ever.
""
After theſe exerciſes performed, wherin Whitelocke was
the more large in manifefting the abounding of his fenfe of
the goodnes of God towards him, and was willing alſo to
recollect his thoughts for another occafion, the company
retired themſelves; and Whitelocke complimented his per-
ticular friends, giving them many thankes, who had fhowed
kindnes to his wife and family, and had taken care of his
affayres in his abſence.
He bid them all wellcome, and defired them to accom-
pany him the next day to his audience before the protector
and councell; then he ledde them into a great roome, where
the table was ſpread, and all things in the fame ſtate and
manner as he uſed to have them in Sweden; that his friends
might fee the faſhion of his being ferved when he was in
that condition, and as his farwell to thofe pompes and
vanities.
The trumpetts founding, meate was brought in, and the
miftris of the houſe made it appeare, that England had as
good and as much plenty of provifions as Sweden, Den-
marke, or Germany.
His friends and company fate downe to meate as they
ufed to doe in Sweden; the attendants, pages, lacquays,
and others, in their liveryes, did their fervice as they were
accuſtomed abroade.
Their difcourfe was full of chearfulness, and recounting
of God's goodnes; and both the time of the meate, and
the
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
401
і
the afternoone, was ſpent in rejoycing togither for the pre- 1654.
fent mercy, and for the whole feries of God's goodnes to
them; and in the evening they parted, every one to his
own quarters.
July 5.
Whitelocke went in the morning early to Whitehall. Att 6.
fecretary Thurloe's lodging he found most of his company,
the gentlemen in their habits, the others in their liveries, and
in a ſhort time they were all come togither to attend their
ambaffador to his laft audience, who was putt to the pa-
tience of ſtaying an hower and a halfe att mafter Secretary's
lodging, before he was called in to his highnes; then, being
fent for, he went attended in the fame manner as he ufed to
goe to his audiences in Sweden.
A
Being come to the outward roome, he was preſently'
brought in to the councell chamber, where the protector
fate in his great chayre, att the upper end of the table,
covered, and his councell fate bare on each fide of the
table. After ceremonies performed by Whitelocke, and
great refpect ſhowed him by the Protector and his councell
Whitelocke ſpake to this effect.
"May it pleaſe your highnes,
"I attend, by your commaund, to give an account of
"the diſcharge of that great truft and weighty burden,
"which (through the affiftance of God) I have undergone
"in my imployment to Sweden, and with the fucceffe of that
negotiation; wherin I fhall not wafte much of your time, for
"which you have other great affayres; butt, in as few
"words as I can, I fhall, with cleernes and trueth, ac-
quaint your highnes and your honorable councell with
"thofe matters, which I apprehend moſt fitt and worthy of
your knowledge.
"
VOL. II.
Eee
"After
1
402
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
66
"After the receipt of my commiffion and inſtructions,
"from the parlement then fitting, to goe ambaſſador to
July 6. "Sweden, I neglected no time, how unfeaſonable foever,
to tranſport myſelfe to that countrey: uppon the fifth of
"November I imbarqued att the Hope, and, after ten dayes
voyage, through many ſtormes, enemies, and daungers,
"it pleafed God, on the 15th of November, to bring me
"in fafety, with all my company, into the port of
Gothenbergh.
""
66
"The next day, I diſpatched two of my fervants to the
"court, with letters to prince Adolphe, the grand maſter,
"and to the ricks chancellor of Sweden, to advertiſe them
"of my arrivall, and to defire their advice, whither to
"direct my journey to attend the queen.
"In this citty I received many civilities and teſtimonies
"of reſpect to your highnes, and this common-wealth, from
"the magiftrates, officers, and others there; and a ſmalle
"conteft I had with a Dutchman, a vice admirall of her
<6
"6
majeſty's, about our warre with his countreymen, and
"about fome prizes brought in by me; wherin I tooke the
liberty to juſtify the proceedings of this ſtate, and order-
“ed, uppon ſubmiſſion, the releaſe of a finalle dutch prize
"taken by me.
66
"Having refreſhed myſelfe and company fome dayes, I
"began my land journey the last day of November: the
military officers accompanyed me out of towne, the
"cittizens and guarryfon foldiers ſtood to their armes, and,
"with many vollies of great and ſmalle ſhot (the bulletts
paffing fomwhat too neer complements) they gave me an
"honorable farwell,
66
<< In
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
40§
¡
July 6.
"In our journey we mett with extreame hardſhips, both 1654.
"in the weather, and in want of neceffary accomodations:
"the greater townes, where we quartered, ſhowed much re-
"fpect to your highnes and this common-wealth; only in
one town a little affront was given in words by a prætor,
who acknowledged his fault, and it appeared to proceed
more from drinke then judgement.
"In all places the officers tooke great care, with what
"the countrey would afford, to furnith what I wanted; the
"wayes were prepayred, waggons and horfes brought in,
"and all things requifite were done by the countrey,
uppon commaund of her majefty.
"After twenty one dayes in our land journey, neer 400
miles from Gothenbergh, up into the countrey, in that
"climate in December, it pleaſed God through all our dif-
"ficulties to bring us ſafe to Ubfale the 20th of December.
"About halfe a league from the town, the maſter of the
"ceremonies, and after him two fenators, with two coaches
"of the queen's, and thoſe of the ſpaniſh reſident, and of
"divers grandees, mett me, and, with more than ordinary
ceremoney, conducted me to a houfe in the towne, by
"the queen's order taken up and fúrnifht for me.
"Divers complements paffed from the queen herſelfe,
"and many of her court, expreffing much reſpect to your
"highnes and this common-wealth, in the perſon of your
"fervant.
"By favour I obtained my firſt audience from the queen
"the 23d of December, the particular paffages wherof (as
"of moſt other matters which I have to mention) were in
Eeę 2
66 mi
404
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 6.
·
my letters imparted, as they arofe, to Mr. Secretary
"Thurloe, and by him (I prefume) to your highnes and
"the councell.
་
"Two or three dayes after this, I procured a private an
"dience from her majefty, when I showed her my com-
miffion, and tooke time to waite on her with my propofalls.
66
ཊྛོ,1
"The ſpaniſh reſident, Don Piementele, now in this
court, expreffed high refpects for your highnes and this
common-wealth, and perticular affection to me; and I,
knowing his
great favour with the queen, and his own
"worth, contracted an intimacy of friendſhip with him; aş
"I had alſo with Monfieur Woolfeldt, the king of Den-
"marke's brother-in-lawe, with feldt marſhall Wrangell,
Grave Tott, the queen's favorite, and with divers fenators
" and great men, butt eſpecially with the old chancellor.
<<
“I found very uſefull, for your highnes's' fervice there,
"Monfieur Lagerfeldt, fecretary Canterſtein, Monfieur
Ravius, and others'; and I had good'affiftance from my
countrymen, ‘generall major Fleetwood, a true friend to
England, my lord Douglas, collonell Hamilton, and
"others. And having now given your highnes fome ac-
"count of perfons, I come to the matter of my negotiation,
"which I layd the best I could! “odia sobre tu sip odi
tr
66
By advice, I made my applications to the queen her-
felfe, and, as much as I could, putt the buifnes uppon her
"perfonall determination, which fhe liked, and it proved
advantageous.
66
}
...
I prefented to her att once all my articles, except three
« reſerved. The articles propofed a league offenfive, and de-
an o fenfive';
doid..
1
:
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
4.05
"6
fenfive; wheruppon fhe objected the unfettlednes of our 1654.
common-wealth, the prefent peace of her kingdomes,
"and our being involved in a warre: to which I anfweared, July 6.
"that her kingdomes could not long continue in peace,
“and would have as much need of our affiſtance as we of
"theirs; and our warre, and fucceffes againſt Holland,
"were arguments that our friendſhip merited acceptance,
"that I hoped our common-wealth was fettled, and that
leagues were between nations, not governements.
(6
66
"This debate was very large with her majefty, who
"feemed fatisfyed with my anfwears, and appointed her
"chancellor to treat with me; who much more infifted
uppon the unfettlednes of our common-wealth, and uppon
"the fame objections which the queen had made, and re-
"ceived from me the fame anfwears; which proved the
more fatisfactory after the newes of your highnes's ac-
"ceffion to the governement, which made this treaty pro-
"ceed more freely.
66
[B
"I had often, and long, difputes with the chancellor uppon
"the article touching english rebells being harboured in
"Sweden, moft of all touching contreband goods, and
"about reparation of the loffes of the Swedes, by prizes
"taken from them, in our dutch warre, by us, befides
many other objections, wherof I have given a former
account by letters.
66
"The chancellor being ficke, his fon Graye Eric was
commiffionated to treat with me in his father's stead,
and was much more averfe to, my buifnes, and more
"earneſt uppon the objections then the old man, who,
"being recovered, I found more moderate; yett we could
iX
"not
406
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 6.
"not
66
i
not agree one way or other; and when I preft for a con-
clufion, both the queen and her chancellor did ingeni-
"ouſly acknowledge, that they defired firſt to ſee whether
"the peace would be made between us and Holland, before
"they came to a determination uppon my treaty, wherin
"I could not butt apprehend reafon : and when the newes
came, that the peace between your highnes and the Dutch
was concluded, I urged a conclufion of my treaty; and
"what the chancellor and I differed in, the queen was
pleaſed to reconcile, and fo we came to the full agree-
ment contained in this inftrument, figned and fealed by
"the queen's commiffioners, which I humbly preſent to
"your
your highnes and this honorable board; and which, I
"hope, through the goodnes of God, may be of advan-
tage to this common-wealth, and to the proteſtant in-
"tereft."
66
…
Heer Whitelocke, making a little pauſe, delivered into the
protector's hand the inſtrument of his treaty, fayrely written
in latin, in a booke of velome, with the hands and feals to
it of the ricks chancellor and his fon Grave Eric; which,
being done, Whitelocke went on in his fpeech.
65
"I cannot butt acknowledge the great goodnes of God
"to me in this imployment, in my preſervation from at-
tempts againſt my perfon, rayfing me up fuch eminent
"friends, giving me fo much favour in the eyes of ſtrangers,
"inclining the queen's heart to an extraordinary affection
"and favour towards me, and giving this good fucceffe to
my buifnes, notwithſtanding the defignes and labours of
many enemies to the contrary.
66
"The treaty with me being thus finifhed, the buifnes
came on of the queen's refignation of the crown, wher-
" in
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
407
"in fhe was pleaſed to expreffe a great confidence in a
ftranger, by imparting it to me many weeks before,
"wherof I tooke the boldnes to certefy your highnes.
16
86
"The prince, who was to fucceed the queen, was ſent
" for to Ubfale, and their rickſdagh or parlement was to
meet there in the beginning of May. Your highnes will
not expect many arguments of your fervant's longing de-
"fires of returning, when he had advice that your friggotts
"fent for him were in the Elbe; yett, judging it might
"conduce to your ſervice to falute the prince, I ftayed till
"his entry (which was in great ſtate) into Ubfale, where I
"faluted him from your highnes, and acquainted him with
"my negotiation, which he well approved; and, to teſtify
"his great refpect to your highnes and this common-wealth,
"he came in perfon to vifit me att my houfe, and ufd me
"with fo much extraordinary favour and ceremony, that
"never the like had bin done before to any ambalador.
"We had ſeverall conferences att large, much difcourfe of
your highnes, and of this common-wealth, with the per-
"ticulars wherof I fhall acquaint you att your better
"leifure.
"The time of the queen's refignation being neer, I
thought it not convenient for me to be then uppon the
place, butt removed to Stockholme; where I was when
"the refignation and new coronation were folemnized att
"Ubfale.
<6
"The magiſtrates of Stockholme expreffed good refpect
"to your highnes and this common-wealth.
"From hence I imbarqued the firſt of June, in a good
ſhip of the queen's, to croffe the Baltique fea. She fent
" one
654
July 6.
408
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 6.
❝ one
66
one of her vice admiralls, Clerke, to attend me; and,
" after a daungerous voyage, and bad weather, the Lord
gave us a ſafe arrivall att Lubec, on the 7th of June: the
magiftrates, by their fyndick, heer bid me wellcome,
" and expreffed ſome reſpect, and made fome requeſts by
me, to your highnes.
66
66
"From Lubec I travayled over Holtſtein and Lunen-
"bergh, and came the 10th of June to Hambourgh; where
"I was alfo very civily faluted by fome of the magiftrates
"and fyndick; and moft of the lords came afterwards to
me, and teſtifyed extraordinary refpect and ſervice to
your highnes and this common-wealth.
56
"My countrymen, the company of marchant adven-
"turers there, flowed very much kindnes to me, and I
"indeavoured to doe them fervice to the lords of the town,
making uſe of your highnes's name therin.
66
"I departed from Hambourgh the 17th of June; Mr.
"Bradeſhaw, your highnes's worthy refident there, and
"others of my countrymen, fhowing much kindnes to
both whileft I was there, and att my departure
me,
"from this citty.
66
"I imbarqued in your highnes's frigott, neer Gluckſtadt,
"butt was detained for fome dayes in the Elbe by croffe
"winds, and in fome daunger, butt, in more when we came
"into the open ſea; butt, above all, the Lord was pleaſed
"to appear
for us on the 28th day of June, when our fhip
"ftucke uppon the fandes, above twelve leagues off from
"the coaft of Yarmouth: and when there was no means
"or help of men for our eſcape, butt we expected every
"moment to be drowned by the waves; then it pleafed
". God
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
409
July 6.
"God to ſhow his power and free mercy, by his own hand, 1654.
"to deliver us; and, after two howers expectation of death,
"to reprieve us, to fett our ſhip on floate agayne, and to
"bring us all in health and fafety to your highnes's pre-
"fence, and to our deare countrey and relations.
66
"The queen and the new king were pleafed to honor me
"with jewells of their pictures, and a guift of copper, I
having beſtowed my horfes (of more worth) on them
"and whom they appointed, and which I refuſed to fell,
"as a thing uncomely for my condition in your highnes's
fervice.
66
66
Thus, Sir, I have given you a clear and full account
"of my tranfactions; and, as I may juftify my own dili-
gence and faithfulnes therin, fo I cannot butt condemne
my many weakneffes and faylings; of which I can only
fay, that they were not willfull, and make an humble
"demaund to your highnes and this honorable councell,
"that I may obtaine your pardon."
6.6
When Whitelocke had ended his fpeech, and a little pauſe
made, the protector, pulling off his hatt, and preſently put-
ting it on againe, defired Whitelocke to withdrawe, which
he did; and, within a quarter of an hower, was called in
agayne. The protector, ufing the fame ceremony as before,
ſpake to him to this effect:
<<
My lord,
"The councell and myfelfe have heard the report of
your journey and negotiation with much contentment
"and fatisfaction, and both we and you have caufe to
"bleffe God for your returne home, with fafety, honor,
VOL. II.
" and
Fff
410
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654.
July 6.
"and good fucceffe, in the great truft committed to you;
"wherin this teftimony is due to you, that you have dif-
"charged your truft with faithfullnes, diligence, and pru-
"dence, as appears by the account you have given us, and
"the iffue of the buifnes.
"Truely, when perfons, to whom God hath given fo
"good abilities as he hath done to you, fhall putt them
"forth, as you have done, for his glory, and for the good
"of his people, they may expect a bleffing from him, as
you have received in an ample meaſure.
66
(6
"An acknowledgment is alfo due to them from their
"countrey, who have ferved their countrey faithfully and
fucceffefully as you have done : I can affure your lord-
"fhip, it is in my heart, really it is, and, I thinke, in the
"hearts of all heer, that your ſervices in this imployment
may turne to an account of advantage to you and yours;
"and it is juft and honorable that it ſhould be fo.
""
""
.
"The Lord hath fhowed extraordinary mercy to you,
"and to your company, in the great deliverances which
"he hath vouchfafed to you; and eſpecially in that eminent
one, which you have related to us, when you were come
neer your own countrey, and the injoyment of the com-
"forts of your fafe returne it was indeed a great tefti-
mony of God's goodnes to you all, a very ſignall mercy,
"and fuch a one as ought to rayfe up your hearts, and our
hearts, in thankfullnes to God, who hath beſtowed this
mercy on you; and it is a mercy alfo to us, as well as to
you, though yours more perfonally, who were thus faved
"and delivered by the ſpeciall hand of Providence.
66
66
66
7
"The
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
411
66
July 6.
"The goodnes of God to you was alſo ſeen in the fup- 1654.
port of
you, under thoſe hardſhips and daungers which
you have undergone in this fervice; lett it be your com-
"fort, that your fervice was for God, and for his people,
"and for your countrey: and now that you have, through
"his goodneſs, paſt them over, and he hath given you a ſafe
66
66
returne unto your countrey, the remembrance of thoſe
things will be pleaſant to you, and an obligation for an
"honorable recompence of your fervices, performed under
"all thoſe hardſhips and daungers.
"
Co
"For the treaty, which you have preſented to us, figned
"and fealed by the queen's commiffioners, I prefume, it is
according to what you formerly gave advice to us from
"Sweden; we ſhall take time to peruſe it; and the councell
"have appointed a committee to looke into it, togither
"with your inſtructions, and fuch other papers and things
as you have further to offer to them and I may fay it,
"that this treaty hath the appearance of much good, not
only to England, butt to the proteſtant intereft through-
"out Chriftendome; and I hope it will be found ſo, and your
"fervice therby have its due efteem and regard, being fo
"much for publique good, and ſo diſcreetly and fucceffe
fully managed by you.
66
66
66
"My lord, I fhall detaine you no longer, butt to tell
you, that you are heartily wellcome home; that we are
66 very fenfible of your good fervice, and fhall be ready on
"all occafions to make a reall acknowledgement therof to
you."
66
When the protector had done fpeaking, Whitelocke with-
drew into the outward roome; whither Mr. Scobell, clerke
of the councell, came to him with a meffage from the pro-
Fff 2
tector,
412
JOURNAL OF THE
July 6.
1654. tector, that Whitelocke would cauſe thoſe of his retinue, then
prefent, to goe into the protector and councell, which they
did; and the protector ſpake to them with great courteſy and
favour, bidding them wellcome home, bleffing God for their
fafe returne to their friends and native countrey, and for the
great deliverances which he had wrought for them he com-
mended their care of Whitelocke and their good deportment,
by which they had teftifyed much courage and civility, and
had done honor to religion, and to their countrey; he gave
them thankes for it, and affurance of his affection to them
when any occafion ſhould be offered for their good or pre--
7.
ferment.
They withdrew full of hopes, every one of them, to be
made great men; butt few of them attained any favour,
though Whitelocke follicited for divers of them who were
very worthy of it.
This audience being ended, and with it Whitelocke's
commiffion, he willingly parted with his company and
and great-
nes, and contentedly retired himfelfe, with his wife and
children in his private family.
After his returne from the councell, Whitelocke difmift
his company, and went to thofe gentlemen, whom he had
defired to act as a committee for him before his going out
of England: theſe he defired to examine the ftate of his
accounts with his officers, to fatisfy what remained due to
any, and to make up his account to be given în to-morrow
to the councell's committee.
According to the appointment of the protector and coun-
cell, fignifyed to him by a letter from Mr. Jeffop, clerk of
the
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
413
the councell, Whitelocke repayred to Whitehall, to the lord 1654.
viſcount L'Ifle and collonell Nathaniell Fiennes, the com-
mittee of the councell, appointed to peruſe and examine July 7.
his proceedings: to them he produced his commiffion, or-
ders, credentialls, and inftructions; and all was fifted into,
by virtue wherof he acted throughout by his whole
ambaffy.
He deduced his negotiation from the beginning of his
treaty to the conclufion of it, with all the reafons and
circumſtances of his tranfactions.
They tooke cognifance of all, narrowly fearched into
and examined every thing, comparing all perticular paffages
and actions with the rules and inſtructions given him; and,
uppon the whole matter, they acknowledged, that White-
locke had given them full fatisfaction in every point, and
all his proceedings were by them, and uppon their report to
the protector and councell afterwards, fully approved and.
commended by them.
Whitelocke agayne folicited the committee of the councell, 8.
that his accounts might be examined and ſtated, and order
given for the payment of what remained due to him, which
he had expended out of his own purfe in their fervice, and
was reaſonable for him to expect a reimburſement of it.
The committee were pleafed to take great paynes in per-
ufing and examining his papers, bookes, and accounts, not
omitting (with ſtrictnes enough) any perticular of his actions
and expences; and, after all their ftreight inquifition and
narrow fifting, they againe acknowledged, which uppon
their report was confirmed by the councell, that his man-
agement of this affayre had bin faithfull and prudent, his
diſburſements
44
JOURNAL OF THE
?
1654. diſburſements had bin juſt and neceffary his account was
cleer and honeft, and that he ought to be fatisfyed what
remained uppon his accounts due to him.
July 8.
9.
The remainder due to him was above 500 l. and, not-
500l.
withſtanding all their promiſes, Whitelocke could never gett
it of them.
The fume of all was, that, for a moſt difficult and daun-
gerous worke, faithfully and fucceffefully performed by
Whitelocke, he had little thankes, and no recompence, from
thoſe who did imploy him; butt not long after was reward-
ed by them with an injury: they putt him out of his office
of commiffioner of the Great Seale, bicaufe he would not
betray the rights of the people, and, contrary to his owne
knowledge, and the knowledge of thofe who impofed it,
execute an ordinance of the protector and his councell, as
if it had bin a lawe.
Butt, in a fucceeding parlement, uppon the motion of
his noble friend the lord Broghill, Whitelocke had his ar-
rears of his difburſements payd him, and fome recompence
of his faithfull fervice allowed unto him.
His hopes were yett higher, and his expectation of ac-
ceptance was from a ſuperior to all earthly powers; to whom
only the prayfe is due to of all our actions and indeavours,
and who will certainly reward all his fervants with a re-
compence which will laſt for ever.
I received this letter from my brother Willoughby.
For
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
415
56
For my Lord WHITELOCKE, att Chelsey, humbly theſe.
"My Lord,
"I being this day commaunded, by the two within named
perfons in your letter, to confummate their nuptialls, and
"in that to beare the part of a father, am fo confident of
my power, as (were it not my lord Whitelocke's requeſt,
"whofe intereft with them exceeds a mock father) he might
"be affured of not fayling of his commaunds; butt, that
"done, which this morning I am going about, I am by
"them defired to jogge on to Stanfted, fo that I feare I
"fhall, by that means, be diſappointed of attending you
66
66
་
uppon Wedneſday; and that, I affure you, will goe to
Nanfye's heart, fhe being yeſterday refolved to have
"vifited you this morning att Chelſey, had ſhe not appre--
"hended your early being in towne; butt wherever we
are, our thankfullnes to God for your fafe returne, you
"ſhall not fayle off, nor of the keeper to-morrow night:
** ſo I reft,,
66.
1654.
July 9.
July.
66.
My lord,
66.
your affectionate brother.
"to ferve you,
"WILL. WILLOUGHBY."
I have inferted this and other letters, that you may ob-
ſerve the change of ftiles and complements in the change of
fortunes and conditions.
I had bin feverall times to vifit my lord Lambert fince 10.
my comming home, he being a perfon in great favour
with the army, and not without fome clofe
emula-
'tion.
416
JOURNAL OF THE
1654. tion from Cromwell; butt his occafions were fo great, that
I could not meet with him.
July 10.
I therefore defired the earle of Clare, who was very in-
timate with Lambert, to contrive a conveniency for my
meeting with my lord Lambert, wheruppon he fent me this
letter, directed
<<
For the Lord WHITELOCKE, att Chelsey.
My Lord,
"Hearing your lordſhip had bin feverall times to fee my
"lord Lambert, and mifft, and I defiring that there ſhould
"be no miſtakes between you, I fent Mr. Bankes to fignify
"fo much to his coufen Lambert, who, being cum this
morning to town, fayes, he will be very glad to ſee your
lordſhip about two this afternoon, and Mr. Bankes will
"waite on your lordſhip to him, if you pleaſe to be in the
"Parke, in the walke between the elmes, on this fide the
water fo I reſt.
66
66
Your lordship's
"humble fervant,
“CLARE."
I mett Mr. Bankes att the time appointed, who brought
me to my lord Lambert, and he received me with great
civility and refpect: we had much difcourfe togither
about Sweden, and Germany, and Denmarke, and the
buifnes of my treaty; and we parted with all kindneſſe,
and he defired to have my company often.
I re-
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
417
I received this letter from my lady Pratt.
For my ever honoured Friend, the Lord Whitelocke,
66
My lord,
Thefe humbly.
"Hearing that it is abfolutely in your power to diſpoſe
"of the time of the affifes, and an unexpected accident
"being faln out, which will make them extreamly preju-
"diciall to us, if they begin fo foon; my humble fuit to
your lordſhip is, to deferre them till, &c. This favour, as
"it will be an extraordinary great one, fo it will lay a fuit-
“able obligation uppon,
66
My lord,
66
your moſt humble fervant,
"MARGARET PRATT."
I could not gratify this ladye's defire, being not yett
fworne a commiffioner of the Great Seale; butt I returned
her a civil anfwear and excuſe: and I have inferted the
more letters, that you may ſee the ſtile and complements of
divers perfons, and note their change uppon the change of
times.
I received this letter from the lord chiefe baron Wylde.
For the right honorable the Lord Ambasador Whitelocke,
Thefe, att Chelfcy.
66
66
Right honourable, and my very good lord,
"It is not my happyneffe to be in place or condition to
wayte uppon your lordſhip, as I would, to preſent my
VOL. II.
G g g
"humble
1654.
し
​July 1r.
12.
418
JOURNAL OF THE
July 12.
"6
66
<<
1654. “humble ſervice to you, and the gratulations due for your
"fafe and happy returne, for your long and hazardous (butt
"I hope) fucceffefull journey, wiſhing the honor and hap-
pynes, which belongs to your moſt known deſervings,
may ever attend you, with a reward from above, for thofe
"ineftimable favours, by which you have for ever obliged
me to you and all that is mine; who, after the long
"courfe I have runne, through all the degrees of my laborious
calling, my fervices to my countrey, and the common-
"wealth; my great loffes and fufferings for the publique,
"and the diſcharge of my duety in all my feverall truſts
"and imployments; have now the hoped for comfort of all
"removed from me, and a darke fhadow caft uppon me,
"with all the fad confequences therof to me and mine,
"and many others that have dependance on me. Butt
"God gives and takes, and is able to reſtore; his help I
"truft in, and fall ftill defire the continuance of your
lordship's undoubted favours, whofe health and happines
"I fhall ever pray for, who am,
My lord,
Hampsted,
12th July, 1654.
"6
your lordſhip's moſt
"faithfull fervant
Co
JOHN WYLDE."
This gentleman was very laborious in the fervice of the
parlement, and ftiffe for them; and had fuftained great
loffes and hatred by adhering in all matters to them: he
was learned in his profeflion, butt of more reading then
depth of judgement; and I never heard of any injuftice or
incivility of him.
The
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
419
تر
July 12.
The parlement made him lord chiefe baron of the Ex-1654.
chequer, which place he executed with diligence and
juſtice; yett, uppon the alteration made by Cromwell,
when he affumed the protectorſhip, in the nomination of
officers he left out Mr. Sergeant Wylde from being chiefe
baron, or any other imployment; an ufuall reward in fuch
times for the beft fervices.
He intreated me to move the protector on his behalfe,
which I did, butt to no effect; the protector having a dif
like of the Sergeant, butt the ground therof I could not
learne.
Moſt places were full of trouble about their elections of
parlement men: I had recommended my fon James to fome
of my friends in Oxfordſhire, for one of the knights for
that countey, myfelfe being chofen for the citty of Oxford,
and for the borough of Bedford, and one of the knights for
Bucks.
I had att this time fuch an intereft in Oxfordſhire, that,
uppon my account, my fon James was chofen for one of
their knights for the parlement, as appears by this letter
to me.
For the right honorable his deare Father the Lord Commiffioner
Whitelocke, att Chelfey. Thefe. Haft, haft.
"Dear Sir,
"I held it my duety, uppon the inftant of the conclufion
"of the elections att this place, to acquaint you, that I am
"chofen one of the knights for the countey in the next
parlement. I am told, that the number of voyces might
justly have given the firſt place to me; butt I freely re-
figned
""
66
G g g 2
66
420
JOURNAL OF THE
1
1654. "figned it to lieutenant generall Fleetwood, not fuffering
" it to be brought to tryall by the polle, which many of
the countrey defired. The perfons elected are, lieutenant
July 12.
"generall Fleetwood, Mr. Robert Jenkinſon, collonell Na-
"thaniel Fynes, Mr. Lenthall, Mafter of the Rolles, and
myfelfe.
"
"Many of your friends appeared really for me, amongſt
which, I can experimentally fay, none acted more effec-
tually then my coufen captain Crooke, his father, and
"brother. The citty of Oxford was prepared very feafon-
66
66
ably for me, wherin my coufen Richard Crooke's affec-
❝tions did perticularly appeare; and I conceive, that, if you
"ſhall be pleaſed to waive the election for the citty of Ox-
ford, no truer friend could be commended by you for
"their choice then my coufen Richard Crooke, in regard
"of his intereſt there, if you thinke it fitt. I fhall fay no
"more att preſent in this haft, butt expect your commands.
"in all things, who am
Oxford,
July 12. 1654.
"Your moft obedient fonne,
J. WHITE-LOCKE."
The gentlemen of Oxfordshire did generally manifeft
great civility and refpect to me in this buifnes of my fon;
fo did the cittizens of Oxford; and the fchollars were not
behind hand in the expreffion of their favour and good
opinion of me and my fon; and they flood ftoutly and ge-
nerally for my fon to be one of the knights for the countey.
Thus was my intereft, att this time, fufficient to make another
to be knight of the fhire; yett, when my condition fell, my
intereft fell with it, and I was looked uppon as a firaunger
among
!
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
421
among them: fuch is the courſe and viciffitude of worldly 1654.
things, therfore putt no truſt in them.
This order of the councell was brought unto me.
Thurſday, the 13th of July, 1654. ·
"Att the councell att Whitehall.
"Ordered by his highnes the lord protector and the
"councell, that the lord commiffioner Whitelocke doe
"attend the councell to-morrow morning to take his oath
as one of the lords commiffioners for the Great Seale, and
"that the reſt of the lords commiffioners doe then alfo
"attend with the Seale.
66
HENRY SCOBELL,
"clerke of the councell."
Some of my friends thought it very long before this order:
was made, and looked uppon it as fome neglect to me;
wherof I was likewife fenfible, butt had no remedy: only
it feemed hard, that, after fo perilous an undertaking, per-
formed (through the bleffing of God) faithfully and fucceffe-
fully on my part, my requitall fhould be a neglect of me:
and my ſervices:
Yett it pleafed God to give me much patience and tem-
perance to beare this flighting and ingratitude; and I knew
the condition of him from whom it came, who, when his
turne was ferved, ufually forgot the inftruments.
According to the councell's order, the lords commiffioners
L'Ifle and Widdrington attended with the Seale att White-
hrall, and I was there alfo:
We
July 12.
13.
422
JOURNAL OF THE
A
1654.
July 14.
We were all called into the councell, where the protector
himfelfe was, fitting att the upper end of the table, with his
hatt on, and the councell all uncovered.
He made a ſhort and grave fpeech, how much I had de-
ferved from the common-wealth by the great and faithfull
fervices I had performed for them, perticularly in the treaty
with Sweden.
That in my abfence the cuftody of the Great Seale being
to be diſpoſed off, the councell and himfelfe having good
experience of my fidelity and abilities for that great truft,
and as a teſtimony of their favour to me, they thought fitt
to nominate me for one of the commiffioners of the Seale.
And I, being now, through the mercy of God, ſafely re-
turned agayne into this common-wealth, they had appointed
this time for me to take the oath of a commiffioner of the
Great Seale, as the reft of the commiffioners had done
before.
I then defired to fee the oath, which was fhewed to me ;
and, finding it to be fame that I had taken before, I tooke it
now agayne and after that, the protector tooke the Great
Seale in his hand, and delivered it to me and the other
commiffioners; and fo we did withdraw with it.
Sir Thomas Widdrington ſeemed a little diſtaſted, that I
was the firſt commiffioner, named before him, which was
done when I was out of England, and I fuppofe bicaufe I
was then ambaffador extraordinary in their actuall fervice.
We went away togither to confult about the buifnes of the
Seale; and I fought to winne Sir Thomas Widdrington by
my civility to him.
7
I im-
SWEDISH AM BASS Y.
423
I imployed my brother Willfon, to the commiffioners of 1654.
the cuſtoms, to gett the copper, which I had brought from
July 15.
Sweden, and fome deale boards, to be diſcharged of paying
cuftome, they being my perticular goods; concerning which,
my brother Willfon gave me this account by his letter.
And alſo, touching the arrears of my falary as commiffioner
of the Great Seale, during my abfence out of England, and
for one terme fince my comming home.
For the right honorable the Lord Commiffioner WHITELOCKE
Thefe. Chelfey.
"May it pleaſe your lordihip,
power,
"This morning I waited on the commiffioners of the
"cuftoms with your lordfhip's letter, who expreft much
"readyneffe to anfwear your expectation about the cuſtoms
"of the copper and deale boardes, had it bin in their
"their commiffion not exceeding a bill of ftore for
40 s. butt
"I am to wayte on the commiffioners att Whitehall for re-
gulating the cuſtoms, on Tueſday morning (who fitt not
"till then): they have power to graunt the cuftom therof,
66
66.
and carrying the letter from your lordship, I queftion
"not butt will take effect; and fo they have acquainted me;
"which letter I fend inclofed, that you may pleafe in the
fuperfcription to adde to the word commiffioners (for re-
gulating, &c.) which then will be fitt to prefent to the
"faid committee. In the meane time, I have procured an
"order to goe to worke uppon the finalle veffell, which
"cannot well be done, untill you are pleafed to fend word
"what fhall be done with the deales, they being upper-
"moft. If the barge be not ready, if you think fitt, I will
"hire a lighter, and loade her therewith, which may convey
"them to Queen Hive, or Chelley; otherwife it will be lefle
6.6
charge
}
424
JOURNAL OF THE
1654.
July 15.
66
66
charge for a barge to take them in from the fhip: your
lordſhip's pleaſure ſhall be obſerved in all.
"I acquainted the commiffioners of the cuſtoms of an
"order your lordship had for 1000 l. which they acquainted
me fhould be payd as foon as brought to them; fince
"which I have received it from Mr. Earle, which I alfo
"fend inclofed, that you may pleaſe to putt your name un-
"derneath it, that fo receipt may be made over it after
"their forme; and on Monday it will be payed.
66
My humble fervice to my lady I beseech you preſent ;
"I fhall awayte your lordship's anfwear and ever remaine
"Your lordship's moſt
London this
15. July 1654.
.66
obliged fervant
SAMUEL WILLSON."
I ordered an Henley barge to take in the deale boardes
from the fhippe, and to carry them to Fawley Court, which
was done; and there I made uſe of them for new flowring
my hall, and for wainscoting of it: they were extraordinary
good boards, and thoſe of the flower were about two inches
thicke. There they are, and there may they long continue,
for the uſe of me and my children.
And may they putt us in minde to bleſſe God for his good-
neffe to me in that voyage, and in my fafe returne to that
place, and of all his preſervations and mercyes to me and
my company!
I returned order to my brother Willfon, to be carefull of
receiving my money from the commiffioners of the cuſtoms.
I re-
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
425
I had fome conference with major G. Difborough, one of 1654.
the commiffioners for the ordinance, about his buying for
July 16.
the ſtate the copper which the queen of Sweden gave me,
and I brought over from thence, being 250 fhip pownd.
I defired that fome marchants might looke uppon it, who
had experience in that commodity; and what they ſhould
agree to be a reaſonable price for it, I fhould be content to
take it; and fo we concluded.
My brother Willfon gave me this account, touching my 17.
monies and copper.
For the right honorable the Lord Commiffioner WHLTELOCKE.
Thefe, att Chelsey.
London, the 17th July 1654.
"May it pleaſe your lordſhip,
"I fent this morning to receive your monies att the
"custom-houfe, and they fay there is no more due to your
"lordſhip then 750 l. for three terms, as is expreft in the
"receipt incloſed, which they have made. I would not
"receive it untill I knew your pleafure, which, if this
"fome doth agree with what is your due, you may pleaſe to
"putt your name to the incloſed receipt from them, and it
"will be payd in the morning. The order alfo I fend
"backe, that you may pleaſe to take off your name from it,
"and fend it againe by the bearer.
"In the morning we ſhall worke uppon the fhippe, and
"I fhall waite on the committee att Whitehall, for the
"cuftom and excife of the copper to be free, which will
VOL. II.
66 come
Hhh.
426
JOURNAL OF THE
come to 240 1. I hope I ſhall prevayle, and ſhall alwayes
" remaine
1654.
66
July 17.
"Your lordship's humble fervant,
"SAMUEL. WILLSON.'
$
There was a miſtake by the commiffioners of the cuftoms-
about
my money, which I rectefyed, and had the 1000 l
payd to my brother Willfon for my uſe..
"
Touching the copper, I att length contracted with majór
G. Diſborough, who bought it for the protector, and gave
me 2500l. for it, which was jüftly payed unto me and
the copper was imployed to make braffe ordnance for the
fhippes, and was excellent good, and no ill bargaine..
I received a letter from Mr. Henry Elfing, late clerke of
the parlement, and the beſt clerke in my judgement that
ever I knew to take the fence of the houſe and putt it in
apt termes.
He was an excellent fchollar, had the italian, french, and
latin languages. A very honeft and ingenious man, and
fitter for much better imployment then to be clerke of the
parlement..
He was my faithfull and kind friend, and I owe very much
of affection and gratitude to the memory of this worthy
gentleman.
་
He was in great and deferved favour of the houfe of
commons, and gave over his place, bicauſe he would not
meddle in the buifnes about the tryall of the king.
!
He
SWEDISH AMBASSY.
427
He often invited Mr. Selden and me togither to his houfe 1654.
to dinners, where we had great cheer, and greater learning
July 17.
in excellent difcourfe, wherof himſelfe bare a chiefe part.
I was the more frequent with him, being god-father to
one of his fons, and Mr. Selden the other god-father, which
brought us two the oftener togither to his houſe to ſee our
god-fon; and, even in fuch meetings as thefe, I gained
very much of knowledge from the moſt learned and rationall
diſcourſes of Mr. Selden.
APPEND. I X.
APPENDIX.
NUMBER I..
THE
AUTHOR's PREFACE AND DEDICATION
TOHIS
CHI L
LD
D RE N,
OF HIS GENERAL WORK, ENTITLED,
WHITE LOCKE's LABOUR'S
WHITELOCKE's
REMEMBERED IN THE ANNALES OF HIS LIFE,
FOR
INSTRUCTION TO HIS CHILDREN..
Et vacet Annales, noftrorum audire laborum.
Hear, ye Children, the Inftruction of a Father..
MY DEARE. CHILDREN
I
VIRGIL. 2. Æneid..
PROV. iv. I.
1
F you heare your father cenfured, as probably you will, for a vaine often-·
tation, or prefumption, to write the annales of his own life, though the
cenfurers heare nothing butt the title of the booke, which is more than:
I intend ſhould be publifhed; yett, for your fatisfaction, and to inable you
to anfwear for me, if there fhould be occafion, I have thought fitt, before I
begin the worke, to give a fhort account of the grounds and motives of it.
Deus nobis hæc otia fecit. God was pleaſed to reduce me to this leifure, in:
a privacy more then accuſtomed, and therin to a frame of the heart for the
review of my former courfe of life, wherby I might become more fencible of
the errors of my wayes, more penitent for them, and more frequent in feek-
ing to God for pardon.
My
43°
No I.
APPEND II.
•
My labours and hazards for the publique have bin very great, as you will
fee in theſe annales; and likewife, that the remembrance and reward of them,
from fome of thofe with whom I was ingaged, and for whom I did moſt ad-
venture, hath bin envy, and indeavour to ruine me, had not the clemency of
our king and parlement interpofed.
It is therefore the more excufable, if now, being out of publique affayres,
I betake my felfe to my private affayres and confiderations; eſpecially having,
through the goodnes of God, uppon me, the charge and care of a numerous
family.
The politique old fayings, of Partim Patriæ, &c. Dulce et decorum eft
pro patria mori, and the like, I paffe by; and though I fhall never diſcourage
you in your duetyes to the publique, which I acknowledge uppon every one;
and do adviſe you with all readyneſs and induſtry, to ferve your king and
countrey:
And yett, I fhall likewife counfell you, that if you fhall be fo happy, as to
be ferviceable to your countrey, which, I hope, you will, that you do not
expect much recompence from them, nor too much neglect your private
families; as perhaps fome of your friends have done, to ferve thofe who will
fcarce thanke you for any of your labours.
The opinion of that ingenious and wiſe ſtateſman, Grave Woolfeldt, ſeems
not irrationall; who being in baniſhment, accounted that place his countrey,
where he was beſt uſed, and which gave his prefent livelyhood, though farre
diſtant from the place where he did firſt breath: and that his wife and children
were the principall part of his countrey, wherefoever they were; and omne
folum forti patria, quocunq; fub axe.
This may the more excufe my tinconcernement, as to the publique, in this
worke, and my intention of it, as it is proper for my private family; and
'tis rather a duety, than boafting, for a father to inftruct his children, and no
unprofitable way of inftruction, by example as well as præcept.
In the following annales, fome few particular examples may be fitt for imi-
tation, more to be avoyded, both may be uſefull, and this way the better
fixed, and preferved in memory; the examples which you will find of others
allowe the fame liberty, butt require the more attention.
Togither with the ftory of theſe annales, I have inferted fome notes of
learning on feverall fubjects, as occafion is given, which may be a diverſion,
if not uſefull to fome of you; I hope it will, and intend it fo: as likewiſe the
abrigement, which you will heer find, of the publique ftory of your native
countrey, which did coft me no fmalle labour in the collecting, and com-
pofing of it.
Heer you will meet with feverall private, and perhaps you may judge
triviall tranſactions, butt they are private, which is fome apology for them,
and to me fomwhat out of them obfervable; and I wiſh, and believe, that
moft of them may be fo to you; however, they are not intended by me for
publique view.
7
You
L
No I.
431
APPENDIX.
You will alfo find heer, the tranfactions of feverall other private perfons,
and of fome of the moft eminent: and whileft I write the annales of my
owne life, I am therby put in mind, almoſt every year, of the death of ſome
friend, or of fome perfons of publique imployment and quality.
Wherof I doe the rather take notice to remember our mortality, and the
certain conclufion of all labours under the funne; and to tranfmit that con-
fideration, with the examples of your age, and the memory of perfons.
whofe actions are worthy of imitation, and of others whofe actions merit a
deteftation.
All is recommended to the perufall, and intended for the inftruction of thoſe
of my own houſe, and allmoſt in every page, you will find a dedication to you,
My deare Children,
Whom nature will perfwade to a beliefe of your father, telling you, that
he feekes your good, and reſpects you more than any others; for which reafon
chiefly he hath written, and commended to you thefe annales, not for your
patronage, butt inftruction: the authority of a father needs no countenance,
butt requires a due regard, and obfervance from his children.
-
Some of you are parents, and I hope more of you will be; and heer you:
may find examples and præcepts for all relations, with the comforts and dif
comforts in them; examples to be imitated, more to be avoyded; the duety
of huſbands and wives; of parents and of children; of mafters and of fer-
vants; of fovereigns and of fubjects; and where there have bin any faylings..
Heer you may find fomwhat of the laws and governement of your native
countrey, the moſt proper fubject for your father's pen; and of reſemblances.
to the politie of the Hebrewes, and of other nations, with fome (though
weake) vindications, of the antiquity, juftice, and honour of the English
lawes and people, cuftomes and governement..
Heer you may alfo find, fundry meditations, though confuſed, and un-
learned expofitions uppon feverall texts of the holy fcripture, wherin I ac-
counted my time beft fpent; and fo. may you account yours, that ſhall be
ſpent uppon the like fubjects.
Butt heer arifeth another objection against me, that one of my profeffion,
a common lawyer, educated in other ſtudyes and ſciences, fhould make choice
of a ſubject ſo improper for him, fitter for a doctor of theologie, than for a
counſellor att lawe, to treate uppon, who cannot be prefumed to be furniſhed.
with learning or abilities for fuch a worke.
The latter part of the objection I acknowledge to be true, and unanſwear-
able, my want of learning and abilities, for any mediations, or expofitions
uppon the texts of holy fcripture; and indeed who is fufficient for thefe
things?
That I have not neglected the ftudyes of my own calling, will fomwhat
appear in theſe annales, where I have inferted divers of the labours of my
ſtudy in my profeffion, the better to preferve them, for your uſe; and by
other papers and manufcripts of mine, heer omitted; and by the many fmaHe
volumes of common places (yett too many to have roome in this worke)
which.
432
N° I.
APPENDIX.
4
which have bin with great labour collected by me out of your grandfather's
excellent notes, and others, and by my owne ftudy, and moſt of them are
written by me, as you may find.
When I had little to doe in practife or publique matters, I tooke the more
time for ftudy of the divine trueths, and even in that ſtudy, did not altogither
neglect that of my calling; the noting of the dependances, and reſemblances
of fome of our English lawes, uppon thofe of the Hebrewes, being part of
my defigne in thofe meditations.
Butt my chiefe defigne therin was, the glory of God, and the inſtruction of
you, my children, and of thofe of my own houfe; and whatever others doe,
or may object, I hope, and refolve, through God's affiftance, that I and my
houfe will ferve the Lord; and I take it to be the office of every father to be
a pricft in his own family.
Nor am I convinced, that the profeffion of a counſellor att lawe doth dif
able or difingage him from the ftudy of divinity; more than a doctor in
theology is by his profeffion debarred from taking care of his own property.
Every one hath a foul to fave, and every mafter of a family hath many fouls
to anſwer for: it concernes every father of a family, to inftruct thoſe of his
houfe in that knowledge, that God may fay of him as he faid of Abraham,
Gen. xviii. 19. I know him, that he shall commaund his children, and his houfhold
after him, and they will keep the way of the Lord, to doe justice and judgement.
My annotations uppon fcripture will be the leffe reproveable, if theologifts
be more filent then ordinary; or if the fubject matter of my expofitions doe
afford fome roome for politicall or legall obfervations.
Nor is it improper for a common lawyer, to lay hold on any opportunity,
both for the honor of his countrey, and their lawes, as alfo of his profeffion,
and information of his children, to note the refemblances, dependancies, and
derivations of the lawe of England, and to and uppon the lawes and cuſtomes
of the Hebrewes, who received their politie from God himſelfe.
And heerin, fomthing may tend to evince the ignorance or malevolence of
fuch, who blemiſh themſelves more then their country, when they go about
to difhonour or difparage the lawes and rights of their countreymen, and of
themſelves, blindly affirming them to be introduced by conquerors and
heathens.
Indeed it cannot be denyed, butt that fome alterations and additions have
'bin made uppon change or conqueft of the inhabitants of this iſland, as it
hath likewife bin in moft other nations; yett, that there is a very great refem-
blance in many of our lawes, to thoſe of the Hebrewes, will in fome perti-
culars appeare in this treatiſe, and in thoſe parts of it.
And without controverfy, the lawes and cuftomes of England will be
found rather to have bin tranfmitted from us to fome of our neighbours,
then to have bin impoſed on us by any of our conquerors, as fome, who are
no great hiftorians, are pleafed to ftile them.
Butt this may be more pertinent to another occafion, or to more time then
can now be borrowed. I thinke thofe matters to be moft worthy of your
notice
N° I.
433
APPENDIX.
notice, which tend moft to the good of your fouls; and I hold my felfe
obliged to take care of your fpirituall, as well as your temporall condition.
And I am moft fure, that there is no other way can be fo effectuall, for
the good of your fouls, as to convince you by the trueths of God, when you
erre, as all doe; and I am as certaine, that of thoſe trueths no chriſtian ought
to be ignorant, or a ſtranger to them, of what profeffion foever he be.
And I am perfwaded, that a lay man, as we are called, is as much obliged
to take care of his own foul, and of the fouls of thofe under his charge, of
his houfhold, as thofe who call themſelves fpirituall men are obliged to the
cure of their parishioners; and I hold my felfe capable to be a counſellor of
divinity to you, as well as att law to others. If the matter be good, lett
it come from whom it will, it is good to receive it, and you will find good by
following of it.
With theſe matters, and confonant to them, you may chiefly take notice
in theſe annales, of the eminent mercy and goodneſs of God to your father,
in the large ſhare of bleffings he hath given me, and in the wonderfull deliver-
ances he hath vouchfafed to me, for which we all have cauſe to bleſſe his
name.
The memory and worth of your deceaſed grandfather deferves all honour
and imitation, both from you and me; his Liber famelicus, his own ftory,
written by himfelfe, will be left to you, and was an incouragement and pre-
fident to this larger worke.
The ſubject of this, I doe acknowledge, deferveth not ſo much roome in
your minds, or time to be ſpent in reading of it, as the former; butt the
times, and actions, and changes in your father's age, with his retirement,
and diverfion from troubleſome thoughts, may pleade an apology for theſe
volumes.
Which I bequeath as a legacy to you, my children; and in it examples,
præcepts, precedents, and councell, for the management and conduct of your-
felves and your affayres, in the future courſe of your lives; and for the good
of your fouls, as well as of your bodyes and temporal eſtates.
ડ
It was the word of your grandfather to me, "I fhall leave you leffe worldly
meanes then thofe of my quality uſe to leave their children; butt be contented
with it, and truft in God, who gave it to us; and I hope, his bleffing, which
only maketh rich, will go along with it."
This I have found true; and I ſay the fame to you, and wiſh you to eſteem
his legacy for the good of your temporall condition, butt more for the good
of your pretious fouls; and upon that, preferre it before the ſmalle portions
of worldly meanes that I am able to diftribute among you.
Which, nevertheleſs, you and I ought to eſteem (as they are) the great
goodneſs and bounty of our God to us, and much more then many our
betters doe injoy, and then any of us can deferve; and what I have done, or
fhall difpofe therein, you may take notice to be of my free inclinations to
cach of you, I being intirely mafter of that whole eftate which God hath
given me.
VOL. II.
Iii
Among
3
434
N I.
APPENDIX.
Among his choiceft mercyes, I account it that he hath given me a numerous
pofterity: I have fowerteen of you (my children) yett living, and three are
not; I humbly pray to God, that you may all prove fo many choice mercyes
indeed to me, and to one another.
May the fullness of my quiver prove a happyneſs to us all, and be arrows
to me, though a meane man; it will be moft in your powers to make it ſo,
through the bleffing of God; and it will be fadde for any of you who fhall
doe the contrary.
I expect it from you, that in the reading of this treatiſe, where you meet
with the imperfections of your father, as too often you will, that you paffe
them by, and like Sem and Japhet, cover them: and if any thing occurres
worthy your obſervation, I adviſe you to purſue the fame with all dilligence.
Be provident and induftrious, to provide for yourſelves and your families
on earth; and may none of you ever know how great a mifery poverty is,
whereof you will find fome things noted by me in my meditations uppon
the text. Pfal. cix. 10. Lett his children be continually vagabonds, and beg; lett
them feek their bread out of their defolate places. I hope, and pray, that this
may never be the condition of you, or any of yours.
Butt that every one of you will betake himfelfe to fome profeffion or calling,
wherein God will bleffe you, and wherby you may be inabled to live your-
felves comfortably, and to provide competently for your family; and he that
doeth not this is worſe then an infidell.
Thofe of you who are, or fhall be of the profeffion of your father and
grandfather, will be incouraged therin, by the bleffings which God hath bin
pleafed liberally to beſtow on them in that their honeft, lawfull, and honour-
able calling.
And it is the more incouragement, what I have heard your grandfather
note, that the pofterities of thoſe who have rayfed their houfes by this pro-
feffion, have had a remarkable bleffing of God with them, for their continu-
ance longer, and in more repute, than generally the families rayfed by thoſe
of other profeffions.
In this profeffion, out of theſe my labours, you may find ſome helpes;
more, out of my little bookes of common places, the which were too many
to be heer inſerted; butt the moſt helpe you may find, in the excellent notes
and bookes manufcripts of your grandfather: as many of them as eſcaped
the plunder and loffe, when I was forced to flye to fave my life, and to re-
move my bookes and papers, I have endeavoured to preferve for you.
Surely no profeffion of humane learning can gain a man more advantage or
honour, nor more inable him to honour God, by promoting of juſtice and
and puniſhment of fin, nor more accompliſh him to ferve his king and coun-
trey, then this calling doth.
If any of you fhall be called to magiftracy, or offices of governement in your
countreys, (which offices are of abfolute neceffity to be undergone, for the
confervation of peace, and of all humane fociety) in theſe imployments you
will alſo find fome helpe by this treatiſe, more eſpecially for your underſtand-
ing
N° I.
435
APPENDIX.
&
ing of the conſtitution and power of the parlement of England, wherein my
labours in fome of my meditations, and other places, may give you more in-
formation then you will find printed: and this is a learning wherein all
Engliſhmen, both governors and governed are concerned, as to eftate, liberty,
and life, not to be ignorant.
If any of you ſhall be delighted with the ſtudy of history, Erafmus, in præf.
in Sueton. will incourage you therin, who telles you, that from no bookes
can more profit be reaped, then from the monuments of them, who tranfmit
paft actions to pofterity.
And Verger, 1. 2. c. 3. informes you, that thofe things which are done
valiantly, are of one age; butt thofe things which are written for the benefit
of the common-wealth, they are eternall.
Cicero, 1. 2. de orator. ad Q. fr. comprehends all in his praiſe of hiſtory,
that it is teftis temporum, lux veritatis, vita memoriæ, magiftra vitæ, nuntia
vetuftatis.
Henry de Knighton, de Euent. Angl. Col. 2312. borrowes this expreffion;
and faith further, that hiſtory may in fome fort be eſteemed immortall, when
it recalles to memory thofe things which were given over to oblivi n, and
reduceth them to a prefent knowledge;
And renewes other things, which would have periſhed, if they had not bin
written, and enlivens them, as feperated from death; perpetuating them to
the fucceffion of one man after another, and preferving them as a treaſure,
for the good and benefit of men.
In this ſtudy you will find alfo incouragement from the example of your
grandfather, who was a perfect hiſtorian, eſpecially in that of his own countrey,
as by his notes appears; and from the example alfo of your father, whoſe
labour in the ſtudy of hiſtory is teftifyed partly in this volume, and in ſome
that followe.
Thoſe of you who fhall take pleaſure in the ftudy of matters of record and
of antiquity, may heerin likewife have fome advantage and proficiency from
the labours of your grandfather and father, who both of them ſpent ſome
time in that ſtudy; and if you ſhall doe the like, you will find, that the ſtudyes
of hiſtory, records, and antiquities will be a helpe, the one of them to the
knowledge of the other, and all of them to the knowledge and better un-
derſtanding of the lawes of England.
And not only for a diverfion, butt for an ornament in your difcourfe, and
for the inabling of you in matters of ftate and governement, if
(as many more unlikely have bin) ſhall be called therunto.
any of
you
In theſe labours, you may alfo finde feverall precedents in divers matters,
which may be uſefull to fome of you uppon the like occafions; and I have
heer inſerted them, that they might not be foon loft, as many of my leſſer
bookes and looſe papers have bin.
Butt all theſe things will fignify nothing, if the unum neceffarium be ne-
glected: the building up of your felves in the knowledge of Chrift Jefus,
Iii 2
the
436
N° I.
A P PENDI X.
the working out of your own falvations with feare and trembling, for which
your frequent ftudy of the holy fcriptures will be a fure helpe to you.
I have not a little wondered att, and pityed fome perfons, who waft their
pretious time in idleness or debauchery; and fome who complaine, that they
know not how to ſpend their time: when, if they be illiterate, they may yett
without any great labour learne to reade; and that, bleffed be God, there are
bibles enough in print,
I hope, and counfell you all, that you, in the chiefe place, doe apply your-
felves to a moft conftant courſe of ſtudy of thoſe moſt wife, moſt delightfull,
and foule faving trueths of God.
For your ſtudy heerin, you have the example of your grandfather; who,
notwithſtanding his full practiſe in his profeflion, and afterwards his imploy-
ment as a judge, yett neglected not his ftudy of the bible, butt tooke great
paines and delight therin, as his notes teftify under his hand, collected by him
throughout both the Old and New Teftament; and thoſe who lived with him
and heard his difcourfe could teftify his deep knowledge in divinity.
Alfo your grandmother, though a woman, hath left you an example heerof,
by a booke written with her own hand, a collection of many choice promiſes
and præcepts out of the booke of God.
Your father may likewiſe be admitted by you to a little ſhare in this example,
which is not remembered for oftentation, butt for your inſtruction; that when
he was a commiffioner of the ſeale, a member of parlement, and of the coun-
cell of ſtate, yet in one of thoſe years he reade, and tooke notes thorough
the whole bible.
And in this ſtudy, I hope you may find fome helpes by his meditations
among theſe his labours, uppon many texts of the holy fcriptures, by which
you will be fatisfyed, that in the ftudy therof he was not negligent.
And, of a trueth (my children) there is not elſewhere to be found fuch ad-
mirable delight, as to hiftory; fuch profound wisdome, as to the conduct of
all affayres; fuch ravishing expreffions, as to elegancy of ftile; fuch gra-
tious promiſes, as to our future condition; fuch univerfall unerring præcepts,
as to the guidance of our courfe, both heer and heerafter, as you may, and I
hope will find in the ſtudy of this booke, from which lett nothing divert you.
The fome and ſcope of the remembrance of theſe my labours to you, is to
inſtruct you to be carefull as to your temporall condition in this life, butt to
be more circumfpect and diligent to make your calling and election fure; to
lay up for yourſelves treaſures in heaven, where neither moth nor ruft doth
corrupt, and where thieves doe not breake through and ſteale; and never may
you or any of yours feel the condition of a reprobate.
Butt may it pleaſe our good God to bleffe this worke to you, and to bleffe
all the workes of your hands uppon you and yours; to beſtow on you a
comfortable fubfiftence heer; and when thefe earthly tabernacles fhall be
diffolved, to make you all inheritors of manfions not made with hands, eter-
nall in the heavens, pertakers with his faints of everlafting glory,
Which is the most humble and moft hearty prayer of
From the Temple,
July 1, 1664.
your truely loving father,
BULSTRODE WHITELOCKE.
No II.
437
APPENDIX.
A
1
NUMBER II.
FRAGMENT,
FROM THE FORTY-NINTH YEAR OF THE AUTHOR's ANNALES,
RESPECTING THE LAW S, &c.
SWEDES
OF THE
AND GO THE S.
A¹
FTER my returne into England, I often waited on the Protector,
who ſeemed to take much contentment in difcourfing with me about
my negotiation, and the perticular paffages betwixt the queen and me; and
betwixt the chancellor Oxenftierne, and the other great lords and ſenators,
and officers of the army, and of the court, and me; relating to the Pro-
tector's perfon, and to the treaty.
He was very inquifitive alfo to learne of me the politie and governement of
that kingdome, as well in fpirituall as civill and military matters; and of their
lawes and fupream councells and judicatories, and of the adminiſtration of
publique juftice in all caufes.
Wherein I indeavoured to give him the beſt fatisfaction I could, and was
the better provided to doe it, having taken fome paynes while I was uppon the
place, by inquiry of their learned men and fenators, and by ftudy to un-
derſtand the forme of governement among them.
The Protector feemed fo well pleaſed with the account I gave him in this
bufines, that he defired me to give him fome notes in writing of my obferva-
tions touching that matter, and of what I had related to him in my difcourfe
uppon this fubject.
Î laboured to excufe myſelfe from this taſke, butt he was earneft with me
to have it done, and was not to be denyed. Whereupon I collected the fol-
lowing notes on that matter, in order to be prefented to his highneffe.
And bicauſe it concernes the kingdome of Sweden, and the notes were
moſt of them gathered by me when I was there, I have thought it not unfitt
to infert them in this place.
2
CH A P.
438
N° II.
APPENDI X.
1
CHA P.
A P. I.
Of the unwritten Lawes of the Swedes and Gothes.
THE lawes of the Swedes and Gothes, as of England and other nations,
were in the moft antient times unwritten lawes; and it is noted of them,
that att firft they had no lawes, and in their firft age, Nullis utebantur legibus.
nifi quas natura et honeftas fculpferat. Wexionius, 1. 5. c. 6.
"That they fed no other lawes butt thofe which nature and honefty had
ingraven."
That the will of their kings was taken for lawe, who governed all things
as it were by their hand.
And he cites that paffage in Tacitus, plufq; tum apud hofce valuerunt boni
mores, quam alibi bonæ leges.
"Att that time, with thefe did good manners more availe, then elsewhere
good lawes."
Agreeable to this is the obfervation of Loccennius, p. 54. That in the begin-
ning of the commonwealth of Swedes and Gothes (as amongſt other nations)
Ita hic, nullis nifi cordibus hominum, divinitus infcriptis legibus, et moribus,
publicum imperium agitabatur.
"So heer the publique governement was exerciſed by no other lawes or
manners, butt what were divinely written in the hearts of men."
He alſo agrees in that. Dein arbitrium regis pro lege erat, ibid.
wards the will of the king was inftead of law."
"After-
And he faith further, that whatſoever the king, cum ratione jufferat, id
jus ratumq; fuiffe, ibid. "What he did commaund with reafon, that was law
and ratifyed."
According to the Swediſh proverb, dyrt ar drottens ord, "the king's word
is much to be valued.”
In this time their lawes were unwritten; butt the king's word, and reaſon,
went for law among them.
Wexionius goes not fo farre, when he faith, that by degrees, quod rex
cum confenfu populi decrevit, legis habuit vigorem, 1. 5. c. 8. "That which
the king decreed, with the confent of the people, had the force of a law."
Butt of this, another place will be more proper to diſcourſe.
Not only their publiſhed authors, butt their moft learned fenators and per-
fons there, with whom I had converſe, did affi: me in their knowledge of the
antiquityes of their own nation, that in thoſe oldeſt times, their lawes were
unwritten.
As to which, Wexionius further teſtifyes; that in the firſt ages, thofe lawes
which carryed the beſt reaſon, non tam litteris quam memoriæ, veluti ut apud
Lacedemonios commendabantur, c. 8. ib. “ were not fo much committed to
writing, as to memory, like as among the Laccdemonians."
In
N° II.
439
APPENDI X.
1
In his vii. chap. he faith. Our firft aunceſtors, ut nullas alias, ita nec fun-
damentales fcriptis comprehenfas leges habuerunt, "had neither their funda-
mentall lawes nor other lawes comprehended in writing."
Loccennius relates a proceeding in that kingdome judiciarily; not by a writ-
ten law, but by a friendly compofing of controverfies by arbitrators before
the parties goe to lawe; and that the difference might be indeavoured to be
thus determined, according to the confcience of theſe arbitrators, or (as they
were called) friend-makers.
And the judges were required before the caufe did come in judgement to
indeavour to reconcile the perfons differing; and that without any written
lawe.
He alſo mentions a fupreame court antiently held at Upſale, when their
kings refided there, to which the people did every year refort; butt if all of
them could not conveniently meet, out of every territory fome were deputed,
who did reprefent the people.
And although the king were prefident in that judgement; yett it belonged
to the people to give the ſentence, which was in their breaſt, and not directed
by any written law: and that being found very inconvenient, was altered.
CHA P. II.
Of the written Lawes of the Swedes and Gothes.
O
UR author proceedes in his difcourfe, that the minds of men being na-
turally depraved by vice, and kings being men, may erre; therefore it
was requifite to have written lawes, certain and conftant, by whofe rule the
governement ſhould be adminiftred.
That where the lawe is bad, or (which is almoſt the fame) uncertaine, there
alfo other things are uncertaine and doubtfull, whofe rule the law ought
to be.
As Tully faith, all things are uncertaine when the law is departed from; nor
can it avayle what that will be for the future, quod pofitum eft in alterius
voluntate, ne dicam libidine, 1. 9. fam. epift. 16. "which is placed in the will,
if I may not ſay, in the luft of another."
""
The antient manner of making their written lawes, is thus deſcribed.
That it was by publique authority, by men learned in the lawes, knowing
the ſtate of their countrey, and lovers of it, examined by the fenators, who
added what they thought fitt, and cutt off what they held fuperfluous: be-
ing fufficiently confidered, they were publiquely read to the people in the
provinciall judicatories, all of them being gravely attentive thereunto, and
approving of them.
They were then confirmed by the king, and publiſhed for lawes.
Anfwearable heerunto, it is recorded of the lawes of Upland; that being
diligently perufed, fuperfluous things cutt off, and defects fupplyed, and
all matters by heavenly favour reduced to a juft harmony, King Bergerus,
in
440
N° II.
APPENDI X.
in the year 1293, by the pains of the moft wife and moft generous man,
Bergerus Petrus, reduced them into one body, adjuvantibus aliis prudenti-
bus viris duodecim, &c. "with the helpe of twelve other wife men, there
named judges."
Convocatifq; omnibus cordatioribus viris, trium Folklandiarum præfidibus
ac judicibus; "all the moft hearty men of three Folklands, prefidents, and
judges, being called togither, theſe lawes were approved."
The lawes of Weftro Gothland were firft propofed by one Lumberus, and
are therefore called Lumbi Leges; he was a Pagan.
The ſeverall lawes of other provinces being divers conftitutions, ſpeciall
lawes and municipall rights difperfed into feverall volumes, Chriftopher, king
of the Swedes, Gothes, Danes, Norwegians, &c. att the inftance of the ſe-
nators, and petition of the nobles, knights, and military men, ex iſta vari-
etate, jus commune in unum legifterium (quo hodieq; utimur) compilari per-
miflit, lib. 5. c. 3.
"Out of that variety he permitted to be compiled the common lawe in one
lawe booke, which we uſe att this day; and in the year 1452, confirmed by
his kingly authority."
The decrees alfo and acts of their publique councells, their rixfdagh or
parlement, are part of their written lawes; and att this day all their lawes are
written their municipall or common lawes, which were the cuftomes of their
countrey, and of ſeverall provinces and territories, and were adjudicata, are
now written in a generall law-booke, out of which the judgment is read ap-
plicable to the caufe in queftion, which is for the moſt part now printed, and
ufed in their reſpective judicatories.
Butt in old time, before the uſe of paper and parchment, their lawes were
cutt and inſcribed in tables of wood; and att prefent, both their common
lawes and ftatute lawes are all written lawes.
CHA P. III.
Of the Lawes of the Swedes and Gothes in generall.
ATT this day, both the provinciall and municipall lawes are collected, as
is before remembered, into one volume, which hath bin done within 300
years; and the authority and force of either is equall.
The provinciall lawe is mother of the municipall: and although (according
to the different ftate of times and manners, and the diftinct condition of pro-
vinces and cittyes) they differ in fome points; yett, in moſt things they agree,
as to themſelves, and the ſtate of the countrey; according to the provinciall
lawes in provinces and territories; according to the municipall lawes in citties
and townes; and beſides thoſe, according to the decrees and approved courſe
of the kingdom in courts and tribunalls, the cuſtom and courfe of the court
being lawe; according to theſe refpectively the lawe is pronounced.
7
And
No II.
441
APPENDI X.
And in caſe thoſe are deficient, it is lawfull for the judges to confult the an-
tient lawe bookes, and judgements or reports of judgements of Upland, Goth-
land, and the reſt, wherin they are not repugnant, the old lawes to the new;
and fo to make uſe of them.
And although the lawes of Sweden are not fo numerous, yett the benefit
and force of them makes them weighty; the ſtate of the kingdome is
the more compofed and equall, bicaufe it is not diftracted with various lawes,
which cauſe incertainty and vexation and charge.
And Sweden is held to be happy, in that they have butt one God, one
king, and one lawe.
The fame author faith, that the law of Sweden is fhort and fuccinct; and
therfore the more accommodated to the fpeedy decifion of cauſes; the mat-
ter of fuits being cutt off, where the lawes are few and fimple; and not
burdened with vaft comments of interpreters and diverfity of opinions; butt
agreeable to equity, the law of nature and nations, and to the genius of the
kingdome.
They cannot comprehend all matters, bicauſe bufineffes are infinite; butt
the law is finite; it is fufficient if it fpeake univerfally, although it doe not
containe all things that fall out; butt they are committed to the breaſt of the
judge: or in greater and more doubtfull matters, the interpretation and de-
cifion of them is demaunded of the magiftrate and fupreame judges, as the
ufage heer is; and the moſt excellent way of cutting off prolixity of fuits.
Another faith of their lawes, that they are pauciffimæ, breviflimæ, et valde
concife; moft few, moſt ſhort, and moſt concife; ſo that the lawes now ex-
tant feeme to be veluti oracula quædam, et mera acumina; "as certain oracles
and meer points of law."
For the antiquity of theſe lawes, king Bergerus is faid to have had great
veneration thereunto: and they cite the lawes of Eric king of the Gothes, in
the year of the worlde 2014;
The lawes of king Charles II. commaunding hoſpitality, uppon paine that
thoſe houſes whofe ufe is denyed to travellers fhall be burned.
The lawes of king Gother, made non nifi procerum populiq; confenfu, "not
without the confent of the peers and people;"
Thoſe of Saint Eric the king, after the warre, wherby he conjoyned the
mindes of the Swedes and Gothes togither.
The lawes of king Algothus II. which are faid to be, humanitate plenas,
oleo potius quam fanguine notatas, " full of humanity, and marked with oyle
rather than blood," with divers others, are of great antiquity, agreeable to
king Gother's lawe; wherin alfo is that part of the king's oath, that he will
obferve, confirme, and maintaine, jus Sueifcum, liberis populi votis, atq; con-
fenfu receptum; "the lawe of Sweden received by the frce votes and con-
fent of the people ;" and eſpecially that forein lawes be not introduced in
oppreffion of the fubjects; nec ulla lex nova nifi populi voluntate, et con-
VOL. II.
K k k
fenfu
442
N° II.
APPENDI X.
fenfu condatur, "nor any new lawe, unleffe it be made with the will and
conſent of the people.
There be alfo ecclefiafticall conftitutions, chiefly taken out of the divine
law, decrees of publique councells, and other politicall conftitutions as or-
dinances, with judiciall proces, and the like.
There are ſpeciall cuftomary lawes in cittyes and boroughs, called Stadtz-
logh, anfwearable to the provinciall law: alfo new ordinances of the citties
concerning trade; and many profitable ſtatutes relating to their affayres.
There are alſo ſpeciall articles, as lawes of war for foldiers, in their expe-
ditions and garryfons; and the like for feamen; for the univerſities; and for
affayres of the mines reſpectively: which are all part of their lawes.
TH
CHA P. IV.
Of Law Suits, and of Lawyers among the Swedes and Gothes.
HE lawe fuits among them are butt few, in compariſon of the multitudes
of them in England and other countryes; the reaſons therof may be,
1. Bicauſe a litigious man among them is generally loathed, and his com-
pany avoyded, which difcourageth fuits;
2. The plaintife, if he fayle in his fuit, muft yield full cofts to the dc-
fendant;
3. The boores and burgers, and men of mean condition, are in fo much
feare and flavery of their lords and great men, that they hardly dare conteſt
with them uppon a matter of right and title, butt fubmit to their will;
4. They have butt little trade, which caufeth butt few contracts, and con-
fequently few law fuits which for the moſt part arife uppon contracts;
5. They have butt few conveyances of purchaſe; and if a man agree for
a purchaſe of land, any that may pretend title to the land befides the feller,.
muſt come in and make his clayme within a yeare after the purchaſe agree-
ment; or elſe his title is barred for ever, and no queftion can be made uppon.
the purchaſer :
6. Bicaufe difcents of inheritances and difpofitions of goods among them,
uppon the death of an aunceftor, are directed and affertained by their lawes;
as the chiefe houſe, and a double part of the lands and goods goes to the
eldeſt fon, one equal part to each younger fon, and halfe a part to each
daughter; and there are none, or very few law fuits uppon willes, or fettle-
ments by writing.
As their law fuits are few, ſo they have a ſpeedy diſpatch, they having butt
few pleadings and formes of proces and proceedings; butt for the moft part
fummarie et de plano, without long delayes or much writing.
Their tryalls both in criminall and civill caufes, are by juryes of 12 men,
who are choſen by the inhabitants in every precinct, and continue jurors
during their lives, except they be putt out for miſdemeanor.
"
Thefe
N° II.
443
APPENDIX.
Thefe jurors are judges of the matter of fact; and the ordinary officers are
the judges of matters in lawe; and they have celerem juftitiam.
Their jurors they call nimpe man and fang man, that is, good men and
true, the words ufed by our cryers when they count a jury; and they com-
monly have 12 jurors in each divifion or precinct, which they call a hondred;
the fame as with us a hundred.
There is no profeffion, fociety, or colledge of lawyers among them, nor
any profeffed advocates to pleade the caufes of clients for their fee; fo that
the French proverbe takes no place with them.
Bonne terre mauvais chemin.
Bon advocat mauvais voifin,
Good land doth cauſe ill wayes, and likely 'tis,
That a good lawyer an ill neighbour is.
Though they have no profeffion of lawyers, yett any man may pleade for
his friend; and the judges are to take equall care of both parties before them.
CHAP.
V.
Of the generall Governement of the Swedes and Gothes.
THEIR governement confifts of three neceffary parts. 1. Of counfell.
2. Of their lawes. 3. Of a good militia, to backe the execution of
them.
Their fupreame publique councell, which they call their rickſdagh, as our
parlement, conſiſts of three parts or eftates. 1. King. 2.
2. Lords. 3. Com-
mons. And theſe three eftates have the fupreame confultative power in all
matters, ecclcfiafticall and temporall; and have feverall fubordinate councells
under them, as
The heerdagh; that is, a convention of the lords, to confult about the
publique affayres, like the great councell of peers in England;
The outfcott, which is an affembly fummoned by the king of ſome of all
the eſtates, both lords and commons, who pay ſcot, that is, publique taxes,
to adviſe with them about the affayres of the kingdome: butt neither of theſe
affemblyes have any other power butt of counfell only.
The councell of ftate, confifting of the fenators of the realme, who are as
the king's privy councell, and adviſe about all publique matters, both of peace
and warre, eſpecially about forrein affayres, and they are the greateſt fubjects.
of the realme; butt all att the king's nomination.
They have alſo ſeverall other inferior councells, for the reſpective matters
pertaining to them, which they call colledges; as,
1. The colledge or councell of juſtice.
2. The colledge or councell of warre.
3. The colledge or councell of the admiralty.
4. The colledge or councell of the chancery.
Kkk 2
5. The
444
No II.
APPENDIX.
i
5. The colledge or councell of the treasury, to which they have lately
added,
6. The colledge or councell of trade.
Befides the publique councells for the generall affayres of the kingdome,
they have in their chiefe citties, boroughs, and corporations, perticular coun-
- cells of their own members, for managing the affayres of thofe refpective cor-
porations, who are ufually 24 men of thofe common councells.
And in every garryfon, and brigage or army of foldiers fent out, they have
their officers and councell of war within themſelves; and the like in every
fquadron of fhips imployed by the crowne.
Their rickfdagh, as it is the fupreame council; fo it is likewife the fupreame
judicatory or court of juſtice of the nation, to which all judicatories are fub-
ordinate.
Thofe fubordinate judicatories, are, 1. The five colledges before-mentioned,
which are in fome meaſure courts of juftice, as well as judicatories.
Juftice is adminiſtered to the people for the moft part att their own homes,
except in cafes of great concernement, or uppon appeales.
Ecclefiafticall caufes are determined by the bishops and fuperintendents, and
their officers, in their courts within their refpective dioceffes; and there the
mifdemeanors of the clergy of each dioceffe are fentenced.
The kingdome is divided into feverall provinces.
Hitherto the Author's Manufcript of the Annales of his Life. The Fragment, which
follows, is taken from a different Manufcript of the Author, entitled, Of FOREIGN
GOVERNMENTS, faid to be drawn up at the Request of the Protector. The
first part of this Tract is employed about the Government of the Jews; wherein
the Author is more enlarged. The latter Part treats concerning the Government
of the Swedes and Gothes, agreeing nearly with the foregoing Chapters from
the Annales; with the following additional Chapters, being Ten in Number ;:
probably not tranfcribed a fecond Time by the Author, for want of Leifure.
CH AP. VI..
Of the Kingly Office in Sweden..
TH
HE duety of the king of the Swedes and Gothes appears generally in the
antient oath taken by him att his coronation, which is thus fhortly
expreffed.
The king fhall reverence the gods and religion; he fhall keepe his faith
given; he shall not unjustly oppreffe any of his people; he fhall governe by
the counſell of his peers, faving the liberty of the people; he fhall keepe the
goods of the crowne, and live contented with his owne revenew; he fhall:
defend the kingdome, and not fuffer unjuft lawes."
By
N° II.
445
APPENDI X.
By this it appears that his power is not abfolute, butt limited by the lawe;
which is more largely expreffed in the latter oath of their kings, where the
king fweares,
“1. That he will not neglect piety, the love of God, and of the orthodoxe
church.
2. That he will love juſtice and trueth; and by right and lawe, no leffe then
by kingly power, vindicate and fuppreffe iniquity, injuftice, and all falſehood
and lying.
3. He promiſeth fecurity and faith to all his fubjects, and not to hurt or
damnify any poore or rich, as to life, body, member, or goods, except to
thoſe who are lawfully convicted and condemned according to the known
lawes of Sweden; nor fhall take away, or caufe to be feifed from any, his
moveable or immoveable goods, without a lawfull fentence præceding.
4. That he will governe the kingdome by the counfell of native Swedes,
fenators of the kingdome.
5. That he will defend the kingly forts and provinces, with the yearly re-
yenewes, and with the limits of them.
6. That he ſhall content himſelfe with the kingly revenews of Upfale, with
the goods of the crown, and the yearly rents of the kingdome for his
maintenance.
7. That he hall keepe the priviledges of temples, churches, clerkes, (and
in the time of papacy) of monafteries, illuftrious and noble, with their men
and goods antiently free."
After they became proteftants, they were fworne to the evangelicall religion,.
confonant to the pure word of God, and the writings of the prophets and
apoftles, to the creed and catachiſme of Luther, comprehended in the un-
changeable Auguſtine confeffion, and declared in the councell of Upfale,
according to the union, and forme of the hæreditary governement, and other
comitiall decrees.
In what duety, fervice, and obedience the people are obliged to their king,.
and therby the power of the kingly office, appears by that oath of fealty
which, uppon the coronation, ufeth to be adminiftered to the fubjects by the
lagemen and delegates, and alfo in the circuit of Eric, where the people doe
fweare,
1. That all the inhabitants of the kingdome of Sweden acknowledge this
king, and eſtabliſh the kingly rights and power of him.
2. They declare true obedience to him, and fullfilling of his commaunds.
3. To performe by offices and minifteries perfonall workes to the king,.
eſpecially in expeditions to the confines of the kingdome, in cafe of defence.
4. Not to deny reall fervices, as thofe who antiently were tributary; with--
out tergiverfation to pay, and to tranfport to fuch place as the king fhall
appoint, the juſt and yearly pentions.
As part of the kingly office, they have an antient cuftome, that after his
inauguration, the king rides a circuit about the kingdome, called by them
Erickſgatu fina riida, "Riding about Eric's ftreete;" fo called from Eric I. or
other.
446
N' II.
APPEND I X.
other of his name, who rode this circuit firft; or from Saint Eric IX. who
made lawes for it; that in imitation of the courfe of the fun, it fhould be
from east to west, beginning att Upland, &c. and ending att Upfale. The
caufe of this circuit is fayd to be, that the king fhould confirme his fubjects
of his obfervation of his oath and compacts with them; and that his fubjects
ſhould make faith of their homage, as they call it, and of their oath taken to
the king. In this circuit alfo, the king exercifeth judgement, decides cauſes,
either by himſelfe or his deputies; takes away controverfies, and ordereth all
matters.
The powers of the king and kingly office in Sweden, are fummed up to-
gither to this effect.
"The king is one to whome it belongs to promote and defend religion; to
have in his power forts, caftles, and provinces, and to maintaine every right
of his crowne according to lawe.
He is God's vicar, not acknowledging any fuperior on earth: he is the
higheſt interpretor of lawe, and inſpector and reviſor of all judgements; he
hath power of life and death according to lawe; he conftitutes magiftrates,
and gives them jurifdiction; he creates and graunts fees to princes, dukes,
earles, barons, nobles, and knights; gives power by delegates of making
doctors, licentiates, and mafters of art. He gives pardons, ſafe conducts,
licence of ordaining publique pofts; hath the fupreame power of the treaſury;
graunts privileges to thofe places where armes are made; hath power of the
publique wayes, and to keep them fafe from robbers; and of the publique
rivers, with their revenews and havens, and to difpofe the tolles in them; he
coines, and gives power to coine monies; takes fines and mulcts in part, or
all of them; erects forts and caftles, builds townes, and graunts power of
building them; and hath fupreame power of the mines of mettles."
CHA P. VII.
• Of the publique Rights of the People of Sweden.
AS S the king hath his powers according as the law hath fettled them in his
office, fo is he limited by that lawe in fuch a manner, that the publique
rights of the people may not be taken away or violated; therefore, it is fayd
in the old oaths of the king, " that he fhall rule by the counfell of the peeres.
Et falva libertate populi. "And faving the liberty of the people."
And in a latter oath is a falvo jure populi. "Saving of the right of the
people."
The rights of the people are either fpirituall or civill: their ſpirituall rights
confifted in the worſhip and fervice of God, and in the confervation of their
religion, which could not be altered without their confents; and wherof they
were fo jealous in all times, that in the middeft of Paganiſme, their king
Grimmerus, for ſpoiling the gods att Upfale, was, by connivence of his fub-
jects,
i
N° II.
447
APPEND I I.
jects, frangled with an iron chayne; afterwards one of their beſt kings, Sten-
chillus, for endeavouring to change the religion, and to introduce Chriftianity,
was impiouſly putt to death by the people. The Lutherane religion was
brought in by publique act of their rickfdagh; and king Sigifmund depofed
for not conforming therunto: and their kings are bound by oath to obferve
the fame; and to depart from it renders them uncapable of the crowne.
The civil rights are fuch as relate either to the perfons, or eſtates of the
people as to their perfons, the lawe is, and the king, by his oath, promiſeth
not to hurt or damnify any as to life, body, or member, butt fuch as are con-
victed and condemned according to the knowne lawes; and that he will free
his people, and eſpecially thoſe who are peaceable and quiet, fubmitting to
the lawes, and will defend them againft unquiet and perverfe countrymen, and
againſt foreigners; and will caufe them to be fafe and fecure who frequent
the churches and the courts of juſtice, both there and in their journey going
and returning; and the women and every one elſe in their owne houfes.
None is compelled to ferve in perfon in the warres out of the kingdome,
without a lawe made by their rickſdagh for that purpofe; butt are bound to
goe to the confines of the kingdome for defence thereof. And as for forein
warre and peace, the king cannot make any, but ordinum fuffragio præmiffo;
"the fuffrage of the eftates præmiſed;" which is a great right belonging to the
perfons of the people: as that alſo is, that none may be impriſoned butt ac-
cording to the knowne lawes.
As to the rights of the people relating to their eftates, every one enjoyes
his property according to the lawe; nor can the king himfelfe invade or de-
ftroy that property by impofing burdens uppon them, unleffe graunted by
their owne confent, in their fupreame councell the rickſdagh.
Vectigalia et tributa ex ordinum confenfu ordinat, extraordinariafq; contri-
butiones exigente neceffitate, juxta leges injungit. ib. "He ordains tolles and
tributes by confent of the eftates, and injoynes extraordinary contributions-
uppon urgent neceffity according to the lawe;" and no otherwiſe can the king.
do it.
Nulla regionibus fuis nova onera impofiturus. "The king can impofe no
new burdens uppon the countrey, except uppon thefe conditions, for the
averting a forein enemy, Pagan or Chriftian; or for the appeafing fedition att
home, if otherwiſe he cannot defend himſelfe: alfo for the marriage of the
king's fon or daughter; for the coronation, or Eric's circuit; laftly, for build-
ing the king's houfes or farmes. In which cafes, it belonged to the bifhop,
with the lageman of every province, and fixe of the equeftrian order, and as
many countrymen, [who] are to confider among themſelves, how much ayde is
fitt, and ought to be given by the ſubjects to the king. And no generall taxe.
can be impofed, butt by affent of the people in their fupream councell the
rickfdagh."
That his revenew may continue the more fure, and he have the leffe caufe
to grieve his ſubjects with taxes, he fwears to keepe the goods of the crowne,
and to live contented with his owne revenew; and that he fhall not pawne the
forts,
448
N° II.
APPENDIX.
forts, caftles, provinces, or the demefne of Upfale, or other goods of the
crowne, which time out of mind have belonged to the crowne, butt be con-
tented with them for his maintenance: and fome of their kings exacting
uppon the people, and being covetous and oppreffors of them, have bin fe-
verely dealt with by them; as King Wifbur, for his covetuoufnes, perifhed
by fire; King Domalder, for the fame caufe, was offered for a facrifice to Ceres;
King Goftag, for his rapines, was hanged; wherof their ftories make
mention.
That which includes all, and is a bulwarke to the peoples rights, is this;
that no old lawe can be repealed or altered, nor any new lawe made, butt
by confent of the people in their rickſdagh.
It is therefore part of the king's oath, to obferve, confirme, and maintaine
the lawe of Sweden; liberis populi votis atq; confenfu receptum, "received
by the free votes and confent of the people; and that no new lawe be made
niſi populi voluntate, et confenfu, &c. butt by the people's will and confent.”
In another place our author faith, quod rex cum confenfu populi decrevit,
legis habuit vigorem, "that which the king decrees with the confent of the
people, hath the force of a lawe." But it muſt be with confent of the people,
or elfe it hath not the force of a lawe: the manner of their making of lawes,
and the peoples giving of their confent, is thus expreffed.
The king propofeth to the confideration of the ricks fenators, majoris mo-
menti negocia ut de bello, pace, legibus, &c. " the bufineffes of greateſt mo-
ment, as of warre, peace, lawes, &c." which, being deliberated uppon by them,
are referred unto the people, who allowe or diffallowe of them; the king
confirmes thofe which by the people are ftatuta et ftabilita, made ftatutes and
eftabliſhed ſo that all matters of greateſt weight were diſpatched with the
counfell of the chiefe men, and by confent of the people.
:
Agreeable heerwith is that paffage in the chapter of their written lawes,
which needes no repetition: and what was antiently done to have the peoples
confent to lawes, in the provinces, is now done in their publique councells,
the rickfdaghs.
髯
​CHAP. VIII.
Of the Senators of Sweden.
HE councell and judicatorie of the fenators of Sweden is in
power and
cminency next unto the fupreame councell or judicatorie of the king-
dome, e rickfdagh.
Of the rick/dagh, nothing is mentioned in this place, it being perticularly
reſerved for another, more proper for the fubject *.
Of the fenators of Sweden it is fayd, that they are proximi regi in regni
adminitratione. "Next to the king in the governement of the kingdome:"
that their number is ordinarily twenty-five, att this time one and fourty.
*Sce the author's notes on the Writ of Summons, to the English parliament, Vol. I. p.
722, 236. Vol. II. p. 74, 233, 247, 315, 345. Edit. 1766.
Their
No II.
449
APPENDIX.
Their duety is to admonifh the king of the rights of the kingdome; and
according to their power, to perfwade him to thofe things that are profitable
to him and his people; and to confirme the cftates and people in their faith
and obedience; and to referre and faithfully to difpatch all things committed
to them in an ordinary and extraordinary way, for the dignity and benefit of
the king and kingdome.
They dayly hold confultations with his majefty in a councell chamber; and
among them the five fupreame officers and chiefe prefidents, eminent in
principall authority, take care of the buifneffes belonging to their refpective
colledges or councells, which they, with their affeffors, doe handle in a
collegiate way, faving the right and prekeminence of the king. By their
counfell and affent the rickfdagh is fummoned: and when they are affembled,
the fenators have their places on each fide of the chayre of ftate, butt have no
fufferage, as members of that councell; only uppon difference of opinion be-
tweene any of the feverall eftates, they are imployed by the king in the
nature of committees of conferre with the diffenting ftate, and to endeavour
to reconcile them.
They are alfo ufually appointed by the king, fuch of them as he pleaſes to
nominate, to be delegates for the deciding of matters uppon appeals, by com-
miflion of review; and are counsellors to the king and kingdome in all buif-
ncs relating to warre and peace, leagues, treatyes, fending forth of publique
minifters, and generally in all matters relating to the peace and governement
of the kingdome.
THE
CHA P. IV.
Of the Colledge of Justice.
HE next councell and judicatory unto the fenate, is that of the councell
or colledge of juftice, which they call Hoffratt, to the which belong all
judiciall matters, and forein caufes directly fubject to the cognifance of the
king, or devolved hither by appeale, whence it is called regium judicium,
the king's judgement. Some doe fuppofe this colledge to have bin in the
place of an antient judicatorie in the countryes, which is called tribunal re-
gium, Konungs namd, the King's Bench, or named judges of the king; in
which court, either the king himfelfe, or the fworne judges in his name, pro-
nounced the lawe; and from thence there was no appeale.
In this colledge of juftice, the fentences and decrees of inferior courts are
reviewed and examined; in doubtfull cafes of criminall matters of life and
death, the lawe is heere declared: appeales are made hither from dutchies,
counties, baronies, provinces, and cittyes, in caufes of fuch a value as is
appointed by the lawe; treafons are heere adjudged, and complaints of juſtice
denyed in inferior courts and in priveledged places; and in cafes which cannot
be determined by the univerfity fenates, the finale fentence is hcere given,
VOL. II.
either
Lll
450
N° II.
APPENDIX.
*.
either
upon petition, or by leave from the parlement, by the benefit of reviſion
from the king; a certaine fome of money being firft depofited, which the
colledge retaines, whither the fentence be approved or reverfed.
AS in
CHAP. V.
Of the Colledge of Warre.
S in the colledge of juftice, the ricks drotzet, that is, the chiefe
juftice of the kingdome, is the prefident, and hath feverall fenators and
others for his affeffors; fo, in the colledge of warre, which is the fecond
councell or colledge, the ricks marſhall, or feldthere, that is, the marſhall of
the kingdome, or lord of the field, the generall of the army, is the prefident,
whofe affeffors ordinarily are two ricks fenators, and military men, and fower
other warlike officers. Of this fenate are the field marfhalls and the generalls of
the watches and armey, who have their under officers. To this colledge belongs
the inſpection of all the militia, of the marching and ſtanding forces throughout
the whole kingdome, and the provinces fubject thereunto; and of all matters
belonging to the warre, men, ammunition, armes, mufters, wages, proviſions,
and other things neceffary for warre, for the campe and fortifyed places..
In expeditions, campes, and forts, the foldiers ufe a peculiar lawe, by ar-
ticles of warre, according to which the firſt inftance is before the inferior
officer or collonell, and his affeffors; the fecond is before the marſhall, or his
deputy a feldt marfhall, affifted with feverall other generall officers of the
army, who have their fcribes and notaries. To the higheſt court of warre
belong matters of teafon, and other greater crimes; and by appeale are de-
volved to this colledge all matters touching the foldiery, which amount to
the value of five hundred dollars and above: they have an officer of juſtice,
citing the parties accuſed att the preſidents commaund, and a generall execu--
tioner with a deputy and fifcall, who are the accufers.
The foote foldiers are chofen out of the common people; the tenth or
twentieth man, as the lawe directs: the horfmen out of the gentry; and, as,
they obtaine immunityes in refpect of their eftates.
TH
CHA P.
A P. VI.
Of the Colledge of Admiraltie..
HE third councell or colledge is that of the admiraltie, for navall affayres,
where the ricks admirall is prefident: his affeffors are two of the ricks
fenators, moſt experienced in the fea affayres, with fower vice adıniralls and
antient fea captains, who have under them a fecretary, a notary, clerkes, and.
a fifcal.
To
No II.
451
APPENDI X.
To this colledge appertaines the care of the fhippes of warre, togither in a
fleet, or ſeparate; to have an account of all fhippes, great and ſmalle; of the
building, furniſhing, and repayring of them; and of all armes, ammunition,
proviſion, and things requifite for the navy: that uppon all occafions they
may foreſee what will be for the good of the kingdome; and may order all
things for the benefit therof.
They adviſe the king in all matters belonging to the navy royall, and give
an account therof, when requifite, unto the fenate: butt all matters of ordi-
nary confequence relating to the fleet of the crown, and all men of warre in
the ſervice therof, are ordered and determined by this councell.
The feamen have alfo perticular articles or lawes for the governement of
them; and leffer offences are adjudged by the inferior officers of the fleet ac-
cording to thofe articles; the greater matters by the admirall, or his deputy
and affeffors.
In all other things which doe not concerne the ſea or land military ſervice,
both the marriners and foldiers, when they are att home, are ſubject only to
the common lawe and judiciall proceffe. The marriners are chofen cut of the
coaft townes and countryes.
THIS
CHAP. VII.
Of the Colledge of the Chancery.
HIS of the chancery is the fowrth councell or colledge, wherof the chan-
cellor of the kingdome; the ricks chancellor, is the prefident, who hath
the cuftody of the great feale of Sweden: he hath fower affeffors ricks fena-
tors, the chancellor of the king's court, with two fecretaries of ftate of the
nobility.
To this colledge doe belong all the fecretaries, of whome one is for do-
meſtick or Swediſh affaires; another for the affaires of Finland and Livonia;
another for thoſe of Germany, and communications with forein princes; another
for confultations; another for revifions; another for the antient buifnes of the
chancery: they have alfo their referendaries, who, uppon a complaint made to
the king in the nature of an appeale, or prayer of a review, theſe referendaries
peruſe the proceedings in the inferior court, out of which, and the depofitions
taken, they ftate the cafe and whole matter for the judgment of the king, and
fuch delegates as he fhall, by his commiffion, appoint for the review of that
caufe; and of thefe commiflioners of review, commonly the chancellor and
his aſſeſſors of this colledge are part of the number.
In this colledge, the ufuall legall proces is framed; and from hence fome
of them doe iffue. Hecre decrees, ftatutes, and ordinances are drawne and
prepared; priviledges and inftructions are figned; pacifications, leagues, am-
baffies, inftructions and commiffions of ambaladors, and all forein publick
minifters fent from hence, are framed, confirmed, fealed, and recorded in
I. 11
this
452
N° II.
APPENDI X.
this place. And accords, and leagues with forein princes and ſtates are heere
likewiſe enrolled; about which perticular, fome debate was had with White-
locke. Uppon the occafion, the treaty made with him, and his commiffion
under the great ſeale of England, with his inftructions, were left with the
chancellor, to be recorded in this colledge..
Heere are held all publique confultations in matters pertaining to forein.
negotiations; which, the king and fenate being acquainted with, theruppon
direction is given for further proceedings.
All graunts, priviledges, patents, creations, and commiffions are heere
framed; and by the great feale of Sweden fealed, uppon warrant from the.
king to that purpoſe.
CHA P. VIII..
Of the Colledge of the Treafury.
THE firft councell or colledge is that of the treafury, where the prefident
is the ricks fchatz mifter, or treafurer of the kingdome, who hath for.
his affeffors two of the ricks fenators, and two noble perfons: and to this
chamber of accounts, colledge, or treafury doth belong a fecretary, a refer--
endary, clerkes, and other inferior officers.
:
This colledge hath commaund over all thoſe who are imployed about mat-
ters of the revenew of the kingdome; from hence they receive their direc-
tions and to this colledge they give an account of their fervice, and are a
great number of officers, neceffary in this very large country, to be made
ufe of in collecting and bringing in the publique revenew of this crowne.
This colledge takes the care and charge of bringing into the treaſury all-
the tolles, cuftomes, rents of farmes, profits of eftates, perquifites, and all.
matters of money belonging to the crowne: and they efteeme it to be their
duety, to fee that the revenew be increaſed, and not diminiſhed, and that the
monies coming in be profitably expended, and the king, not defrauded. Heere
is the place for all receipts and payments of the publique monies; according as
they receive warrant from his majefty, they pay the falaries of officers, de-.
fray the charges of the other colledges, and provide for all neceflary occafions.
There is likewife a peculiar colledge of the mines, which hath a relation to
this colledge of the treaſury, yett hath its perticular ſtatutes and inſtructions,
and hath publique priviledges; butt the profit and moneys arifin g by the
mines is anfweared to the colledge of the treaſury.
CHA P..
Nº II.
453
APPENDI X.
CH A P. IX.
Of the Colledge of Trade.
OF late yeares in this kingdome, they have erected a fixt councell or col-
ledge, which they call the colledge of trade, wherof the prefident is one of
the ricks fenators, whomit fhall pleaſe the king to appoint; and he hath
likewife one or two of the ricks fenators for his affeffors, and three or fower
other perfons, out of whome the king names a vice prefident: they have alſo
their fecretary, clerkes, and other inferior officers.
In former ages the people of this countrey, efpecially the nobles, did not
fo much apply themſelves to the knowledge or ſervice of the buifnes of trade,
as of late times they have done; and hence it came to paffe, that the king
Guftavus the Great, growing a great patron and incourager of trade, divers
of his great men and nobles did the like. He fett up the towne of Gotten-
burgh to be a ſtaple of trade; graunted priviledges to any perfons who would
build and ſettle there; brought thither many of the moſt buify traders of the
world, the Netherlanders; and lived to ſee the flouriſhing of that towne, and
the trade of it.
This gave occafion of erecting the colledge of trade, whofe buifnes is to
confult about, and to endeavour the incouragement and increaſe of trade,
navigation, and merchandiſe with the people of this kingdome: and to give
examples to them, the ricks chancellor himſelfe, his fons, and friends, and
feverall of the nobility and gentry became parties in the companies of mer-
chants, and adventurers in trade with them; which occafioned fome trouble
to Whitelocke in his negotiation, perticularly uppon the point of contrebande
goods, and prizes taken by the English men of warre from the Swedes,
wherof they made no fmalle complaint. And by this colledge of trade they
have much increafed the commerce of the nation, to incourage and promote
which is wiſdome in any governors, efpecially over iflanders.
CHA P. X.
Of the Officers in Sweden.
F moft of the officers in Sweden difcourfe hath bin already had. Thofe
five great and chiefe officers or prefidents before mentioned, the chiefe
juſtice, the marſhall, the admirall, the chancellor and the treafurer, in the-
abfence, ficknes, minority, or interregnum of the king, are governors of the
kingdome, and tutors to the king; as they were lately in the minority of the
queen Chriftina.
There be other great officers of ſtate belonging to the king and crowne of
Sweden, as the marſhall of the king's houfe, who is ufually a fenator; he
orders the ceremonics att publique meetings, and in folemne nuptialls and
feafts; he receives ambatladors, and takes care for their entertainment; he
fummons the fenate by
N. B. Here theManufcript ends abruptly.
7
454
N° III.
APPENDIX.
N
NUMBER III.
O T
E S
CONCERNING THE STATE OF THE COMMON-WEALTH OF
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND,
AT THE TIME OF WHITELOCKE's EMBASSY TO SWEDEN:
TRANSCRIBED FROM HIS LARGER MANUSCRIPT OF THE EMBASSY, IN MY POSSESSION;
IN THE HAND WRITING (SEEMINGLY) OF AN AMANUENSIS.
I
WHITE LOCKE's LARGER MS.
PAGE FIRST TO PAGE SIXTH.
N The Interest of Christendome, by the Duke de Rohan, he faith; that
England, eft un grand animal qui ne peut jamais mourir, s'il ne fe tue
lui mefme, p. 294. " is a great creature which can never die, unleſs it kill
itſelf." Near to this condition had it brought itſelf, a little before this am-
baffy, almoft to the laft gafp, by labouring to kill and deftroy itſelf.
When the head warred against the members; the king againſt the parlia-
ment; and the members againſt the head, and against each other.
The judgment of Petrarch is, that in a civil war res publica in extremo eft,
"the commonwealth is at the laft gafp." And fo was England; had not
our mighty deliverer emminently appeared for us, and faved us from utter
ruin.
The miſeries of civil wars have been great, and often laid upon theſe na-
tions as a puniſhment for our fins; as the ftories of our country fadly do
relate, and begin with the eldeft of our times. In the reign of our antient
British king Leyl the Firft, we find civil difcords; and very often we read of
them in the time of his Britiſh fucceffors.
We read of great and bloody civil wars in many of the Saxon kings reigns,
to the laft of them, Edward the Confeffor with Earl Godwin, and his ac-
complices.
After the time of Duke William, our ftories mention thoſe in the time of
H. II. The Barons wars in the time of King John, and H. III. and thofe of
the diffention between the two houfes of York and Lancafter, continued till
the union made by H. VII.
But
N° III.
455
APPENDIX.
But beyond all were our late diftractions. The former civil wars were
fometimes for the conformation of Magna Charta, and the laws and liberties
of the people and when thoſe were conformed the war was ended.
Sometimes thofe diicords arofe, whether an Edwa d or a Henry fhould be
king, or the like; and when either gained a battle, the war was at an end,
whilft
power lafted.
But our late flames burned a long time without intermiffion; and yet at
length it pleaſed God, by a powerfull army, to redeem us.
We read of no nation which at fome time or other hath not been under the
calamities of civil wars.
The people of Ifrael were not exempt from it, as we find-2 Samuel iii. 1.
the 1. of Kings, xiv. and xv. ver. 6, 7, 16, 32, &c.
"There were long wars between the houfe of Saul, and the houſe of David;
between Rehoboham and Jereboham all their days; between Abijam and
Jeroboham; between Afa and Baafha ;" and others.
The Babylonians, Affyrians, Medes, Perfians, Græcians, Romans, and all
our later and neighbouring nations, have been under this great judgment;
the calamities whereof are defcribed by that heroick poet Lucan, and need no
addition.
Bella per Emathios plus quam civilia campos, &c.
In the late civil wars of theſe nations, both parties appealed to the Lord of
Hofts. And after a long and chargeable profecution, both in blood and
treafure, and each party often ftruggling for breath and being, at the length
it pleaſed the God of battles to determine for the parliament party; and to
beſtow a full and bleffed peace upon the inhabitants of this nation, which at
the time of this ambaffy they enjoyed; and may they enjoy it, till time fhall
be no more!
At this time our God had made peace within our borders, and had fent us
plenty; had filled us with the fineſt of wheat; he had given us peace within
our walls, and profperity within our palaces. How ought the people of theſe
nations to blefs his name, who hath thus redeemed them from their great
troubles; to endeavour by all good means the prefervation of peace and
unity among ourſelves; and to avoid all occafions which may tend to the rc-
newing of them: and they have the more caufe to be fenfible of this mercy,
and to be thankful for it, by reafon of the calamities fuffered by them in the
former want of it. And certainly, no people have ever had more caufe than
we, to value this our peace; who have it beftowed on us fo much beyond
our defert, or expectations.
It is a fcurrilous abufe by thoſe who fay, that the king of England is Rex
Diabolorum, a King of Devils. But fome of them do explain it in this fenfe,
that they are not apt to be moved, and to rife in tumults: but, being once
up, it is very difficult to pacify their provoked fpirits.
All the time of this ambafly they were more quiet than ordinary. They
had been wearied with a fierce, bloody, tirefome, long civil war; and had
now
}
}
}
430
APPENDIX.
N' III.
now the blefling of peace. Not apt to fall again into the miferies of war,
they ſeemed to be of the mind of the Romans after the battle of Pharfalia,
Tuta et præfentia, quam vetera et periculofa mallent. Tacit. Annal. 1. 1.
"They rather chofe a prefent fecurity, than a hazardous endeavour for a re-
covery of their ancient rights." This caufed them, with fo much quiet, to
fubmit to their feveral great changes in government brought upon them; as
the puting down of kingship; fetting afide the lords houfe in parliament; re-
folving themſelves into a democracy; then that parliament conſtrained to dif-
ſolve, and the council of ſtate, by them appointed, driven off the ftage.
Yet no tumults or infurrections upon any of theſe occafions, how ungrate-
ful foever not to a few. And this calm, and quiet in mens fpirits, not only
cauſed by the awe of a good ſtanding army: but, f mewhat likewife through
their paft fufferings, the dread of falling again into them, and the peaceable
and quiet fpirits and difpofitions of the people who, under every ſeveral fort
of power and government, paid their taxes, and obeyed their laws; and were
contented with any preſent ſafety, government and governors, rather than
by the hazard of another war, to attempt the perilous recovery of their an-
tient rights and cuftomes.
At the time of this ambaffy, the antient formes of government, both as to
head and members, were fet afide. Kings, who were the head of this nation
and commonwealth, were by this parliament abolished, and the parliament
itſelf feparated. But the lord general Cromwell, who had been conftituted
by authority of parliament captain general of the army, when others refuſed,
had undertaken to lead them forth against their enemies, and to fight their
battles.
At this time Cromwell was their chief magiftrate, and head of theſe na-
tions, as he was of the army; that great and high honour falling to him,
who had been fo fuccefsful in his undertakings, done fo great fervices: and
none more eminent for that power and place then himſelf, who had been a
principal inftrument for recovery of our peace; and was now the people's
chief magiftrate, their head and governor; which he continued during his
lifetime, and left it by authority of parliament, who had confirmed him, to
his fon after him.
The bufinefs of Jephthah was in fome paffages thereof not unlike to this;
it is recited Judges, ch. xi. ver. 1, &c. The people and princes of Gilead faid
one to another (in confultation) what man is he that will fight for us against the
children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead. The
dutch notes upon this place fay, that the meaning is, He that fhall.do this, fhall
be commander in chiefe. The engliſh notes publiſhed in the year 1651, fay,
upon this place; who will undertake to be our leader in this expedition, and
he fhall for ever after be our general, judge, and governor; and when others
refufed, and would not accept it, they fent to Jephthah, being of known
valour, and a good commander, ch. xi. ver. 11. it is faid, that Jephthah went
with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them:
and Jephthab uttered all his words before the Lord in Mifpeh; not before the
Ark
!
}
No III.
457
APPENDIX.
Ark of the Covenant, but in the general affembly of the people in the publick
council, their choice, and his declaration was made.
He fought their battles; procured them reft from their enemics; refufed
taking no hazard for them; and was confirmed in the government of chief
magiftrate and judge of Ifrael during his life. Some verfions render him
the ruler, others the duke, the general, the prince, the judge, and chief ma-
giftrate over the people; and all do agree in the word (head) over them: the
like may be inforced of the reft of the worthy judges of Ifrael.
Cromwell, as head of the nation, appoints a privy council or council of ftate,
to adviſe in matters pertaining to the prefervation of the peace, fafety, and com-
merce of the commonwealth, and for foreign affairs. He likewife by letters
fummoned divers felect perfons, whom he and his council thought fit to chooſe,
and whom they esteemed men of piety, integrity, and abilities to adviſe; and
to act fuch things, as might conduce to the bringing of theſe nations to a good
fettlement and confiftency; and to reform the errors and abuſes in govern-
ment; and to do what belonged to a publick council of the commonwealth.
Theſe gentlemen affembled together in the commons houfe of parliament,
according to their fummons, where they chooſe a ſpeaker; and intitled them-
felves to the name and authority of the parliament of England, as if they had
been choſen by the people thereof, and truſted by them as their reprefen-
tatives.
They impofed taxes, enacted new laws, took cognizance of all parliamen-
tary matters, received petitions, fent for parties, took confideration of mat
ters of peace and war, and of foreign negotiations, and in particular of fend-
ing an ambaffador to the crown of Sweden.
At the time of this ambaffy the commonwealth had peace at home, but
was, upon a ſmall occafion, ingaged in a fierce naval war with their neigh-
bours, the high and mighty lords and feamen of the United Provinces: be-
tween both ſtates there had been feveral bloody incounters, in which God had
given the Engliſh great fuccefs; and at fea they prevailed over their potent
fea adverfaries.
They were alſo at difference with the king of Denmark, who had injured
them, and fhewed himſelf their enemy. They had no friendſhip; but cafual
incounters at fea, and actions of enmity between us, and no redrefs from
them.
The king of Spain was in alliance with the commonwealth, had acknow-
ledged their republique early and reſpectfully; which was not to his difad-
vantage, nor defires by him to be altered.
The crown of Sweden had teftified much reſpect to this ſtate, had not
affifted any of our enemies against us, had fent feveral publick minifters
hither; and one was at this time refiding here, but had received no return
from hence, fave only by a gentleman, an envoy, with letters to the queen
of complement and ceremony, Mr.
brother to the lord commiffioner
-, who was entertained by her majefty and her court with more than
ordinary refpect and favour.
VOL. II.
M m m
Thefe
458
N° IV.
APPENDI X.
Theſe and other motives induced Cromwell and his council to judge it re-
quifite, to nominate one to be fent ambaffador extraordinary to the queen.
of Sweden, to make an alliance with that crown. And Whitelocke was pitched
upon by them, as a perfon fit for that truft and employment; and was by
unanimous affent of the council named for it.
NUMBER IV.
WHITELOCKE's LARGER MS.
From Page 15, to Page 16.
NOTES CONCERNING THE DUTY OF AN AMBASSADOR-
A
N ambaffador properly is the meffenger of his prince or ftate, to a foreign
prince or ſtate, about matters of publick and greateſt confequence and
concernment. He is an officer, qui publice tectus, publice etiam miffus,
gotium publicum, publica authoritate peregre agit," who being publickly
fent, doth tranfact abroad the publick affairs, by publick authority."
ne-
He is preciſely to obferve the inftructions and commands given unto him,
and not to exceed the bounds of his commands. And though this clauſe
were in it, legati quicquid præterea utiliter erit agunto, "let ambaffadors
further do what profitably they can ;" this (faith Aefchines) belongs to thofe
things, which were commanded by name.
The Athenians were very ſevere, when they put to death their ambaſſadors,
becauſe they had gone another way then that they were directed, though
otherwiſe they had duly performed their commands.
Arodian in his decrees hath this title, Legatum ab eo ad quem miffus eft
munera accipere; neq; principis fui dignitatem, locum, auctoritatem confer-
vare, capitale eſt. "It is capital for an ambaſſador to take rewards from
him to whom he is fent; or not to conferve the dignity, place, and authority
of his prince.'
(See) Xenophon 1. 7. Demofth. Phil. 3. Valerius Maximus 1. 6. c. 3. Plu-
tarchi Pelop. Where examples of this nature are to be found: as that of Tima-
goras, who complementing the king to whom he was fent, did, after the man-
ner of that nation, flatter the king; for which he was repreſented, as thereby
diminiſhing the majefty of the Athenians, and fubjecting of it in a manner to.
the Perſian domination. And of Demades, fined at ten talents; becaufe, when
he was ambaſſador, he put Alexander in the place of God. With other examples
of the like nature; teftifying the office and charge of an ambaſſador, to be high
and hazardous; intrufted with the greateſt and moſt difficult affairs relating to
the fafety, honour, and intereft of his prince and country.
CONTI
N. IV.
459
APPENDI X.
CONTINUATION OF THE NOTES CONCERNING AMBASSADORS.
IN
From Page 40, to Page 45.
N prudence, an ambaſſador, he is to acquaint himſelf with the inſtitutions,
laws, and privileges of his country, and with the rights, titles, and hopes
of his prince's crown; and with what ufurpations and injuries foreigners may
diſturb the eſtate of his maſter: he is to endeavour to know the names and
fituation of provinces, citties, caftles, and the rarities in them; and the pe-
digrees of his country's nobility; which will add delight and belief to his
difcourfe.
He is alfo to inform himſelf of the face and government of that country to
which he is fent; the avenues by fea and land; where it is ftrong, where
weak; where dangerous to an enemy; what fortifications it hath by art or
nature; what the laws and privileges of the people are; what the trade is;
what their militia; their revenew and taxes, whether grievous: what the
affections of the people; what factions of the multitude or great men, whether
upon grounds of rule, or religion; what their foreign leagues are; whether
their councils depend only upon the prince, or upon the ſtate of the country.
And herein he muſt be wary, leaſt he cauſe jealouſy of his diving into the
fecrets of another ftate; but he muſt commend what is commendable, and
create a belief of his good wiſhes and affections to them.
He is in prudence to ftudy the difpofition and nature of the prince; what
he is moft delighted with; what moft addicted to; whether elective or heridi-
tary; how he is enabled to arme; how he uſeth to obferve leagues.
To obferve and make application to thoſe who are moſt in his favour; to
know how other ambaffadors have been received.
In prudence he ought to inftruct himſelf of the manners and government
of other nations, to make uſe of them in his debates and councils; to ſtudy
men, and the feveral natures and inclinations of people; each country
affording variety to its inhabitants of difpofition and manners different from
another.
Ingenuity is taken for a freenefs and noblenefs of carriage, as we fay, gen-
tleman like, when one ſpeaks ingenuoufly; that is, he fpeaks ut liberum ho-
minem decet, Cicer. ad Metel. "as becomes a free man;" ita ut nihil timide
dicat, aut quod fe minus dignum fit, ib. "fo that he ſpeaks nothing timour-
oufly, or what is unworthy of him;" but ſpeaks libere, audacter fimpliciter-
que, ib.
To fpeak freely, boldly, and plainly, is a way becoming both the perfon
and buſineſs of an ambaffador, and will purchaſe the more credit and honour
with thoſe whom he hath to deal with.
M m m 2
As
460
N° IV.
APPENDIX.
1
As he is not to publiſh every thing that he knows, ſo he is not to declare
any thing contrary to his knowledge; but all things in plainnefs and clearneſs
of truth, which cannot be contradicted, nor is liable to fhame and penitence.
It is good advice to an ambaffador, not to play with others, ſo as to make
himſelf rediculous; and is, fi acutus effe volet, videat ut cautus fit; "let him
mix caution with acutenefs, and gravity with ingenuity."
They muft not anfwer like that ambaffador to the king of the Moores,
who, finding fault that his titles were not given him in the credentials, afked,
what fow brought them forth? the ambaffador answered, then you will not eat
them; the Moores abftaining from fwines fleſh: but, exafperated with this
anfwer, they fell upon the ambaffador with many blows.
The anſwer of the ambaffador, who demanded for his prince the title of
Sereniflimus, from Charles the Emperor, but could not obtain it, was in-
genious and inoffenfive.
He came to take leave of the Emperor in a day when it thundered and
lightened extreamly. The Emperor aſked him, why he would not ſtay until.
the weather were more ferene? the ambaffador anfwered, that he feared no
tempeſts in that country, where the Emperor had made all fo ferene; until he
fhould come home to his own mafter.
In the buſineſs of an ambaffador is comprehended the good and ſafety of
his prince and country; and therefore the qualification of diligence expreffed
in the commiffion is moft neceffary, as Plautus hath it, curate hæc falutis
magna diligentia: in Rud. "take care of thefe matters of fafety with great
diligence," which furely an ambaffador ought to do.
:
Diligence is faid to refine both the body and mind. Care to the mind, in
confidering and contriving, and labour to the body to act and bring to effect
his matters and he who is not diligent, is compared to the prodigal in
Terence; Pol mei patris parta bene indiligenter curantur, in Phorm. " Truly
the eſtate of my father which was gotten well, is not carefully looked into."
An ambaſſador is to uſe fuch diligence, as to leave no stone unturned to effect
his buſineſs, to which he is to applye. Et induftriæ celeritatem et diligentiæ
quandam moram. Marfel. p. 158. "Both the ſpeed of induſtry, and a kind
of defering diligence;" and doubtleſs that old and good temper of
make hafte flowly is the beft diligence.
Like to that emblem of Octavianus, a dolphin tied to an anchor.
Livy condemns rafhneſs. Omnia non properanti clara certaq; funt, feſtinato
improvida et cœca. "All things are clear and certain to thoſe who do not
make over much hafte, which commonly is improvident and blind.”
An ambaſſador is in a high place; and from thence one muft difcerne by
degrees, or elſe he falls. Diligence confifteth not in precipitation, but in a con-
ſtant care and action, lofing no advantages or opportunities tending to the ad-
vancement of that affair wherewith one is intrufted. An ambaſſador's dili-
gence is to be according to the advice of Joſhua to the Rubenites, &c. Jos.
xxii. 5. Take diligent heed to do the commandments, &c. and this is the true way
to
N° IV.
461
APPENDI X.
to preferment, as is afferted Prov. xii. 24. The hand of the diligent shall bear
rule; and Prov. xxii. 29. Seeft thou a man diligent in his buſineſs, he hall ſtand
before kings, he ſhall not stand before mean men.
The idol of the Sabines was three images in one; a man, a woman, and a
child: the man denoted honour, the woman truth, and the child love.
The office of an ambaffador is a great honour; joined with truth it repre-
fents fidelity; and from this bond arifeth love: as love of the prince to his
ambaffador; love of the ambaffador to his prince; and love of both towards
the commonwealth.
He may better want a tongue, than fidelity.
The example of Metrodorus is to be obferved; who, being fent to Tigranes
to perfuade him to join with Mithridates, whofe ambaffador he was: Tigranes,
doubtful what to refolve, aked Metrodorus his opinion? who made this.
anfwer, Publice quidem atq; legatus fuadeo, privatim vero ut Metrodorus
diffuadeo. 66
Publickly, and as an ambaffador, I perfuade it; but privately,
as Metrodorus, I diffuade it.'
Thus perfidioufly did he deal, who was not fent as a councellor to Tigranes,
but as an ambaffador. The punishment due to fuch infidelity was juftly laid
upon Antiphon the Athenian ambaffador to Sparta, whom he affifted againſt his
own countrymen, and therefore had his houſe demoliſhed, part of his family
puniſhed, and the reft noted with perpetual infamy.
An ambaſſador ought not only to be faithful himſelf, but to deteft infidelity
in others; like to Frabicius, ambaffador to Pyrrhus; who, being offered by
Nicias, the king's phyfician, for a fum of money to poifon the king, brought
back Nicias to the fenate, and procured them to fend him back to his mafter-
with this letter.
"Thy fervant Nicias demanding a fword of us to murder thee, we were
fo far from confenting thereto, that we have remitted him to thy cenfure
whom he hath offended. We would that thou fhouldft be in fafety, that we
might have the more potent adverſary with whom to deal.”
It was juftly done of Conftantius, when, for trial of the Chriftians, he
ordained, that all of them who would return to their country's fuperftition,
fhould remain there and be honoured; and thofe that would not, fhould be
exiled. When thereupon many of them worthipped their idols again, but
others remained faithful to the profeffion of Chriftianity; which the Emperor
approving, continued them in their profeflions, and banished thofe that were:
unfaithful. There can be no better decifion of this, than that of the wife
man, Prov. xiii. 17. A wicked meffenger falleth into mischief, but a faithful am-
baſſador is health.
The example of integrity is in the defcription of Pomponius, ambaffador
to the Lacedemonians, who is faid to be thrifty, but not covetous; conftant,.
but wilful; modeft, but not morofe nor troublefome; eafy of accefs, and fa-
cetious, not fcurrilous; grave, but not proud; and as the character is given.
of Fabricius, the ambaffador to Pyrrhus, neque blanditias regis neq; irrita-
menta æftimat. "He valued not either the perfuafions or threats of the king"
be:
46.2
N° V.
APPENDI X.
he refufed his gifts, and left behind him the teftimonics of a mind defpifing
thoſe things; quibus imbecilli potiffimum fubruuntur, "by which weak
men are chiefly overcome." This was integrity indeed, and worthy of imi-
tation. Jurymen with us ought to be, probi et legales homines," honeſt
and lawful men, and men that are uncorrupt." An ambaſſador furely ought
to be an honeſt, good, uncorrupt man, a man of integrity. Integer vitæ fce-
lerifque purus. Such an ambaffador ought to be chofen, if fuch a man can
be found, or fuch a one that comes neareſt to this integrity.
NUMBER V.
A MORE PARTICULAR CHARACTER OF THE AMBASSADOR's
TRAIN,
MR
FROM WHITELOCKE's LARGER MS.
Page 32 to Page 36.
R. Nathaniel Ingelo, a fellow of Eaton Colledge, one of his chaplains,
a perfon of admirable abilities in the work of the miniftry, and of
honeft life and pleafing. A well ftudied fcholar, perfect in the Latin tongue,
converfant in the Greek and Hebrew, and could fpeak good Italian: he was
much delighted in muſick, as Whitelocke himſelf was; and carried perfons
and inftruments with him for that recreation, whereof he made Mr. Ingelo
the maſter.
Mr. Charles de la March, another of Whitelocke's chaplains, a native of
Guernſey, who had travailed in moft parts of Chriſtendome; he had the French
naturally; the Latin moſt readily: he was of an extraordinary hardy conftitu-
tion, and good difpofition.
Daniel Whiftler, doctor of phyfick, of excellent knowledge and fuccefs in
his faculty; he had been formerly imployed by the Parliament, and gained
great experience about their feamen: he was perfuaded to go with Whitelocke
in this voyage, by doctor Winſton, Whitelocke's moſt affectionate friend; he
had as much elegancy both in ſpeaking, eſpecially in writing of Latin, as any
perſon whatſoever: he ſpoke good French, and underſtood the High Dutch
and Italian, and was exceeding tender and careful of Whitelocke, and of all
his company.
John Walker, Efq; fteward of his houſe, an honeft gentleman, and a bar-
rifter at law he had fomething of the French, High Dutch, and Latin; was
faithful in his place, reſpectful to Whitelocke.
Daniel Earle, Efq; menial fervant to Whitelocke, his chief fecretary, an
antient, faithful, and affectionate ſervant, who left his wife and children, and
a good
No V.
463
APPENDIX.
a good fortune, to follow his mafter, refolved to run the fame hazards, and
was at great charge in fitting himſelf for this journey, which he did not
fparingly, but to his mafter's honour and his own credit. He had the French
tongue, and underſtood Latin; and had gained much experience as fecretary
to the commiffioners of the feal.
William Swift, menial fervant to Whitelocke, his ſecond ſecretary, and of
as good abilities for that place as any one in England: he ſpake French well,
and wrote and fpake good Latin, and wrote a fingular good hand. He had
the faculty to draw up the fenfe of what was ſaid to him in a moſt exact way.
He was a faithful, loving, and able fervant.
Mr. Robert Stapleton, Gent. of horfe to Whitelocke, an ingenious civil per-
fon, very fober and diſcreet, a good fcholar, and able to pray and preach well;
he had the Latin tongue very well, and was good at governing thoſe under his
charge, and the reft of the family.
Mr. James Dewy, menial fervant to Whitelocke, his gentleman uſher, a
fober proper young man, induftrious to ftudy law, and a good fcholar; he
had the Latin tongue readily.
Captain John Crifp, a difcreet, grave, fafhionable man, clerk of the ftable,
and one of the gentlemen fewers to Whitelocke.
Lieutenant George Hughs, a ftout civil man, another of the gentlemen
fewers.
Mr. John Preſton, an able young man in his profeffion of an apothecary.
Gentlemen of the First Degree attending Whitelocke.
James Whitelocke, his eldeſt ſon, a captain of horſe in the army, where he
had ferved in Ireland, England, and Scotland feven or eight years, and
not diſhonoured himſelf. He was civil, and well educated and qualified, and
a good fcholar, ready in the Latin tongue.
William Whitelocke, his fecond fon, a ftudent in the Temple, not unhope-
ful, nor diforderly, nor wanting of induſtry and abilities; ready in the Latin
tongue. The Lord gave them both his grace and blefling!
Major general Chriftopher Potley, a kinfman of Whitelocke's, an old fol-
dier in Germany and Ruffia, under king Guftavus; who was the more willing
to attend Whitelocke, hoping to obtain the eaſier way for fome of his arrears
there. He ferved the parliament in England, and was a ftout and experienced
foldier, well acquainted with the greate men of Sweden; and had the High
Dutch tongue perfectly.
Mr. George Annefly, fon to the Lord Viſcount Valentia, of an honourable:
family, and good parts; he had a little of the French tongue.
Captain Richard Beake, of the army, and a countryman of Whitelocke's,.
eldeſt ſon of an efquire, of a good eſtate in Buckinghamſhire: a civil, difcreet
and ftout young gentleman, ingenious, and of good parts and converfation ;,
had the French and Latin, and was affectionate to Whitelocke.
Captain Unton Croke, of the army, kinfman to Whitelocke, fon of ferjeant:
Croke, of an antient family in Oxfordfhire, and of good parts and condition..
Mr.
464
No V.
APPENDI X.
#
Mr. Thomas Vavafour, eldeft fon of a knight, of a good family, and in-
genious.
Mr. Sam. Burges, eldeſt fon to doctor Cornel Burges.
Mr. Andrews, eldeſt fon to an efquire of good eftate in Hertfordſhire, a
gentleman of a very fober diſcreet converſation, and good parts. He had been
a traveller; and fpake good french and italian, and underſtood other languages.
Mr. Caſtle, eldeſt ſon to an eſquire of good rank and eſtate in Cambridge-
fhire.
Mr. Samuel Moreland, a very civil man, and an excellent fcholar; modeft
and refpectful, perfect in the latin tongue; whom Whitelocke recommended,
eſpecially to the fociety of his fon William.
Mr. Andrew Potley, a young gentleman, kinfman to Whitelocke, of very
good parts, and ftout. He fpake high dutch perfectly; and had the french
tongue. Theſe gentlemen had all of them their fervants waiting on them,
to the number of about twenty-five, and all their laquies were in Whitelocke's
livery.
Gentlemen and Servants of the Second Rank.
Mr. William de Vaux, of the bed-chamber to Whitelocke, an honeſt and
affectionate menial fervant to him. He fpake good french and latin, and was
ingenious for buſineſs.
Mr. John Taylor, of his chamber; a young man of good parts, but dif-
orderly. He fpake good dutch and french, and had fome knowledge of the
italian and latin; had been much abroad; and was very ftout; rather fubject
to quarreling then otherwife.
William Fitzherbert, of Whitelocke's bed-chamber, a ftout young man, and
diligent.
Richard Ratcliffe, an honeft old fervant, and barber to Whitelocke.
Richard Meredith, had the high dutch well, and was Whitelocke's meffenger.
John Smith, an honeſt civil man, and very ſkilful in all kinds of mufick.
Thomas Maylard, very good at muſick, and a ferviceable man, and good
writer.
Mr. Richard Studley, a fober uſeful fervant, one of the army, whom
Whitelocke imployed for buying of provifions and neceffaries for his houfe,
and a ftout man.
Mr. John Fry, a trooper, and a very ftout man.
Mr. William Davis, of the army, a very ftout and civil man.
Mr. Henry Draper, of the army, a ftout ſerviceable man.
Mr. Richard Banbury, alfo of the army. All theſe were men choſen out
of feveral troops, civil men, and who had given teftimony of their courage
and good demeanor; faſhionable men, and very ready and forward, and cre-
ditable in their fervices.
Thomas Parry, a young man of a good family and carriage and mein, one
of Whitelocke's pages, and had the french tongue.
Henry
}
No VI.
465
APPENDIX.
Henry Elfing, fon of that excellent clerk of the parliament, a handſome
young man, and another of the pages.
Charles Croke, fon of ferjeant Croke, kinfman to Whitelocke, one other of
his pages.
Francis Newbury, fon to a gentleman of Berkſhire, a diligent youth, and
one other of the pages.
Gentlemen and Servants of the Third Rank.
Robert Dunn, Robert Lewes, Thomas Briers, Robert Story, Hump. Murrey,
Richard Cranke, Thomas Floyd, Arthur Hutton, all of the General's own re-
giment of foot; chofen men for civility and ftoutneſs, and handſome faſhion-
able men, lacqueis to Whitelocke.
Edward Simpfon, one of the beſt trumpets of England, and a good chear-
ful droller.
William Waters, another trumpeter to Whitelocke.
Richard Hall and Richard Dunn, chief cookes to Whitelocke, and their
arts mafters.
Henry Colington, menial fervant to Whitelocke, his chief butler.
Chriſtopher Ston, fecond butler.
Edward Ellis, an old affectionate menial fervant to Whitelocke, his chief
coachman, and very ſkilful in his office, and about horſes.
Aurelius Newman, his poftilion, who had the high dutch language.
Robert Afke, menial fervant to Whitelocke, an honeft good fervant, and
coachman.
Roger Lowe, his poftilion
Nick Hughs and Thomas Hall, grooms, and good horfemen.
Francis Sharp and Nick Sharp, brothers, Buckinghamshire men, menial
fervants to Whitelocke, and helping in the ſtable.
Thomas Horne, menial fervant to Whitelocke, his
porter.
Sebaftian Coral, an honeft old fellow, the fcullery-man.
Robert Coyle, baker and brewer.
There was befides for the laundery, Elizabeth Roberts, Sufan Turner, and
another woman, who were fent to look to the linnen, and to make broths in
cafe of fickneſs, &c.
NUMBER
VI.
Tranflation of the Commiffion under the Great Seal. Vol. I. p. 81.
THE
HE parliament of the commonwealth of England, unto all and every
one to whom thefe our prefent letters fhall come, greeting:
Whereas our antient liberty, by God's afliftance, being recovered, and the
commonwealth of England reftored: it hath been in parliament enacted, and
alfo publiſhed, That the people of England do both will and defire, and as
VOL. II.
Nnn
far
466
N° VII.
APPENDIX.
}
far as in them lies fhall endeavour, that all leagues with foreign nations, either
antiently or lately concluded, fhall be inviolably preferved; or, if need be,
again renewed: We therefore, that our intention fo good and peaceable
might not be made fruftrate, have agreed to acquaint all commonwealths,
ſtates, princes, cities, and people, and eſpecially the moft excellent and re-
nowned princeſs Chriftiana, by the grace of God queen of Sweden, &c. with
this their good intention; with whom an antient and common engagement
in the cauſe of religion, with a conftant commerce and trade mutually driven
on, to the content and profit of both, perfwades to more ſtrict union and
confederacies. Know therefore, that We being abundantly ſatisfied of the
wiſdom, ingenuity, diligence, fidelity, and integrity of Bulftrode Whitelocke,
conftable of the caftle of Windfor, and one of the keepers of the Great Seal
of the commonwealth of England, have made, conftituted, ordained, and
appointed the above named Bulftrode Whitelocke our true and undoubted
commiffioner, deputy, and ambaffador extraordinary for the aforefaid purpoſe;
giving and granting unto him full power and authority, in our names, to treat
with the above-named the moft Excellent and moſt Serene Queen of Sweden;
or whomfoever fhe fhall inveſt with fufficient power thereunto: as alfo, to
confirm and agree all things conducing to a ſtricter league of amity, and
furtherance and increaſe of trade, between the commonwealth of England
and the fubjects of the crown of Sweden, according to thofe inftructions
which he hath from the parliament, or the council of ftate conftituted by the
parliament, already received, or for the future, by expreffes fhall receive. Sin-
cerely promifing, that We of our parts fhall ratify and confirm, and inviolably
obferve, whatſoever fhall be concluded, in manner before ſpecified, between
the above-named the moſt Excellent and moſt Serene Queen of Sweden, or
her deputies, and the above-named Bulftrode Whitelocke our extraordinary
ambaffador.
In witneſs whereof to theſe our letters, fubfcribed with the hand of the
Speaker of our faid parliament, We have caufed to be affixed the Great Seal
of the commonwealth of England, given at the parliament of Weſtminifter,
the 21st October, 1653.
FRANCIS ROUS, Speaker of the parliament of the
Commonwealth of England.
NUMBER VII.
Tranſlation of Whitelocke's Credentials. Vol. I. p. 83.
MOST SERENE QUEEN,
T being efteemed a thing expedient and neceffary, that thofe who tender
the common welfare fhould communicate councels with each other; and
fo, by mutual good offices, beget an increaſe of further friendship:
It
N° VII.
476
APPENDI X.
It hath therefore feemed good to the parliament of the commonwealth of
England, upon thefe grounds, to diſpatch unto your majefty the moſt Noble
and Illuftrious Bulftrode Whitelocke, conftable of the caftle of Windfor, and
one of the keepers of the Great Seal of the commonwealth of England, our
ambaffador extraordinary, commiffionated to treat with your majefty concern-
ing affairs relating to the good of both nations.
We defire therefore your majeſty friendly to receive our aforefaid ambaſſador
extraordinary, and to grant him audience as often as he ſhall deſire; and alſo
to give full credit to what he fhall propound on the behalf of this common-
wealth and fo we wish your majefty health and proſperity.
Dated at Weſtminſter, the 29th October, 1653. Subfcribed, and the feal
of the parliament affixed by,
FRANCIS ROUS, fpeaker of the parliament of the
commonwealth of England.
Original of the Addreſs to Whitelocke. Vol. I. p. 142. A.
Excellentiffime domine legate civitas Gottenburgenfis cujus nos fervos effe
profitemur, per nos excellentiam veftram plurima falute impertit; hicque
locorum, ubi gratiffimus eft ejus adventus, quòd appulerit gratulatur.
Acceptionis genus hic ut excufatum habeat excellentia veftra, id ipfis eſt in
votis; fatentur fe ita fe non geffiffe quatenus refpectus et honoris erga tantum
talifq; conditionis virum adhibendi ratio ferebat.
Imparia fuerunt omnia negotiationi à libera Anglica republica, ut et regina
noftræ fereniffimæ mandatis: menti et defiderio hujufce civitatis omnia longè
fubfidere. Subita inopinataq; nobis excellentiæ veftræ à nave fua defcenfio
omnia debita officia antevertit.
Sperant tamen, quemadmodum rogant, excellentiam veftram nolit malè
illud confulere; afferunt prætereà, quamdiu licuerit in hac civitate commo: ari,
et in ullo penes officio mandato nobis ab excellentia veftra impofito, in honore
erga liberam Angliæ rempublicam, ergaq; ab ipfis legationi præpofitum excel-
lentiam veftram fe nunquam defuturos.
Ita propter ipforum felicitatem vota nuncupantes, ut in excellentia veftra ab
ipfis commiffo negotio profperum fucceffum peroptantes.
Original of Whitelocke's Answer. Vol. I.
P. 143. B.
VIRI undiq; mihi honorandi, habeo vobis quamplurimas gratias, propterea
quod hoc civili erga me miniftrum refpectu veftro, quo loco rempublicam
Angliæ habeatis, re ipfa comprobaftis. Non faciam quin fupra hac re dominos
meos certiores reddam, nec apud me in dubio eft, quin fi meus vobis inopinatus
acceffus factum non prætervertiflet; omni modo par relationi veftræ mea apud
vos receptio fuiffet. Propterea ne crimini quæfo vertetis, fi jam à multo
tempore
Nnn 2
468
N. VII.
APPENDIX.
tempore in mare agentibus, et à plurimis tum tempeftatibus tum ventis, ex
adverfo agitatis, littus petendi defiderium altè infederit.
Spero brevi futurum, ut fuæ majeftati de receptionis meæ mandato gratias
condignas referam; nec minùs dubito, quin idem et ipfe bonus et maximus
Deus, qui me, et comitatem meum ufq; ex integro, in periculofa navigatione,
incolumes fervavit, fit nos etiam ultrò comitaturus, atque in negotio fidei
meæ commiffo ut et in aliis omnibus Anglicanæ republicæ rebus, gratiam
fuam fit indulturus.
Original of Whitelocke's Letter to Prince Adolphus. Vol. I. p. 146. C.
Ad Celfitudinem fuam Magnum Magiftrum Regni Sueciæ.
VIR ILLUSTRISSIME,
PROUT habui in mandatis a parliamento reipublicæ Angliæ, dominis meis,
ut legationem obirem ad reginam veftram fereniffimam, tandem Gotten-
bergum appulimus; quô fuam majeftatem conveniendi mihi fpes erat, ex iis
quæ à fide digno mihi in Anglia renuntiata funt. Sed fpe fruftratus, et
ignarus quo tendam ut munere impofito fungar; appofitum duxi, per fervum
meum, hifce literis celfitudinem veftram de fupradictis certiorem facere: ut
mihi gratificetur fignificatione loci, quo me recipiam, et fereniffimæ reginæ
me applicem, pro ratione commiffionis et officii,
Gottenburgh,
16th Nov. 1653.
Celfitudinis veftræ addictiffimi,
B. WHITELOCKE.
Original of Prince Adolphus's Letter to Whitelocke. Vol. I. p. 200. D.
Ad Excellentiffimum Parliamenti Reipublicæ Angliæ Legatum.
Excellentiffime Domine Legate,
RE
Edditæ mihi funt litteræ quibus fignificare voluit excellentia veftra Gothen-
burgum fe appuliffe, fpe ibidem conveniendi fereniffimam reginam noftram,
impofitq; legationis defungendi munere; nunc vero ea fpe fruftrata, et ignara quo-
tendat ut pro ratione officii ac commiffionis fereniffimæ reginæ fe applicare poffet:
atq; propterea à me expectare, ut certiorem fe faciam quonam fe recipere poffet.
Huic excellentiæ veftræ defiderio ut fatisfacerem, fereniffimæ dominæ quæ de
fupradictis mecum communicavit excellentia veftra retuli; et fanè haud me-
diocri afficiebat fereniffimam regiam majeftatem gaudio, tanti legati adventus,
ac tam profpero fucceffu ejus peractum iter; mihiq; propterea impofuit, ut
recipi curarem excellentiam veftram, eamq; certiorem facerem, iter fuum Ub-
faliam
N. VII.
469
APPENDIX.
faliam verfus eam intendere poffe. In hunc finem etiam præfentem ex aulicis
fereniffimæ regiæ majeftatis nobilem, excellentiæ veftræ obviam mifi, ut ille
linguæ peritus monftrare iter, ac de rebus neceffariis providere poffit. De
bonitate excellentiæ veftræ interim mihi promitto, quòd facile excufabit, fi
locorum conditio, ac ftatus, per quas iter faciet, non admittit ficuti par erat
recipere tantæ reipublicæ legatum. Cum vero itinere confecto huc advenerit
excellentia veftra, omnis adhibebitur opera, ut omni honoris genere refarci-
antur quæ hoc itinere paffa fit excellentia veftra inccmmoda, felix intereà
voveo excellentiæ veftræ iter.
Ubfaliæ,
28 Nov. 1653.
Excellentiæ veftræ ad officia paratiffimus
ADOLPHUS JOHANNUS Comes Palatinus
Rheni.
Tranflation of Whitelocke's Speech to the Queen of Sweden. Vol. I. p. 269. E.
MADAM,
Y command of my fuperiors .the commonwealth of England, I do with
all refpect falute your majefty; which had been fooner done, if by extra-
ordinary accidents, and engagements in the fettling three nations, with 'no
few foreign diverfions, it had not been retarded.
And although the commonwealth of England are not encouraged to fend
abroad, when they reflect upon the barbarous ufage of their meffengers in
fome places; yet your majefty perceives, that from your government, neither
our mafters, nor their fervants, have the leaft fufpicion of any fuch entertain-
ment: but we who are here do gratefully acknowledge our experience of refpect
and civility to our nation.
My buſineſs is to communicate with your majefty in matters relating to the
common good; which is of fuch weight, that it admits no hopes of good
fuccefs, without his fpecial bleffing, who, by fmall means, can bring great
things to paſs: the confidence whereof, with my fubmiffion to the judgment
and commands of my fuperiors, hath given me the honour of being in your
majefty's prefence.
Whom I fhall not weary with many words or expreffions beyond meaning.
I am not fent hither for that caufe; and it as different from my own fpirit, as
contrary to the practiſe and commands of my fuperiors; from whom, and
from their fervant, (according to the Engliſh reality) your majeſty will find
all manner of plainnefs and truth in our tranfactions.
Our deliverances and prefervations (whereof wee have been eye-witneſſes)
have been fo near to miracles, and fuch monuments of infinite rich mercy
from heaven, that we fhould fin againſt them, if the leaft guile of unfaithful-
nefs ſhould infect our converfation.
It is not my work to paint out my own country, or to draw black lines
upon any (though our adverfaries); neither fhall I take upon me to mention
the
470
N° VII.
APPENDIX.
the excellencies of your majeſty's perfon and government, or of your people
and countries: leaſt I fhould injure any merit; and becauſe I ſpeak to them,
whom God hath favoured with the injoyment of theſe great mercies, the in-
creaſe and continuances whereof is heartily defired by my fuperiors, and by
me their fervant.
I fhall not enlarge my difcourfe with obfervations concerning both nations,
of their likeneſs in language, laws, manners, and warlike difpofitions; argu-
ments more natural, then artificial, for a nearer union. But this I may not omit
(the fruits whereof I have tafted) the prefent happy government under your
majeſty, which remembers unto us, thoſe bleffed days of our queen Elizabeth;
under whom about forty years the people enjoyed all protection and juftice
from their princeſs; and the, all obedience and affection from her people.
May this, and more, be the portion of your majeſty and your fucceffors:
nor had it been loft in thoſe who followed queen Elizabeth, but through their
own ill government.
When attempts were made to raviſh from us our higheſt intereſts, the ortho-
dox religion and juft liberty; the defence whereof (undertaken by king Guf-
tavus Adolphus, your majefty's royal father, of bleffed memory, in his Ger-
man expedition for the Proteftants relief) was in him moft honourable and fuc-
ceſsful; and furely for us was moft juft and neceffary; and alike crowned
with gracious fuccefs by the Almighty: for the extirpation of both which by
force, which had long been attempted otherwiſe, auxiliaries were provided,
and aferwards a war raiſed; which firft appearing in Scotland, but they dili-
gently refifting, and the Engliſh refufing to be inftrumental againſt Scotland for
thofe ends, the ftorm was then blown over. In Ireland it arofe fo hidioufly,
that 200,000 poor creatures, men, women, and children (befides what wars
there devoured) were in cold blood barbaroufly murdered, for no other reaſon
but becauſe they were Proteftants. And in England it broke out in all parts,
from one corner of the land to the other; not a place, not a family free from
rage of our decennial, more then civil war.
And yet after fo much blood poured forth, we, bleſſed be God! we live and
flouriſh; and after fo many devaftations, a ftranger, paffing through our
country, can hardly efpie the ſteps of it. Our good God hath given us in
England, Scotland, and Ireland, and all the adjacent ifles and territories of the
commonwealth, a full and happy peace. In all appeals to him (whereof we
have ſeen many) he was pleaſed ftill to determine for the parliament: and after
thefe, and eight tenders and treaties of peace, wherein we received the denial
from our adverfaries; it pleaſed the gracious and all-difpofing hand of God, for
the good of England, to change the government thereof.
Nevertheless, the fame common intereft which firft begot former alliances.
and confederacies between the two nations, do ftill continue, and oblige both
to endeavour the good of each other. Whereunto they feem the more en-
gaged, becauſe we cannot find, that in any age there hath been declared war
between them: but a conftant entercourfe of friendſhip and amity, with mu-
tual
N° VII.
47 I
AP PENDI X.
tual offices of kindneſs; out of which great profit and happineſs hath redound-
ed unto both.
Theſe things being confidered; with the affairs of Chriftendome, and efpe-
cially with the neighbouring princes and ftates, through divine Providence,
in fich poſture and condition, as to give greater opportunity, and lay ſtronger
obligations upon both nations, to entertaine a nearer union and correfpon-
dence than heretofore; whereby the commerce and tranquility of both may
be preſerved, and provided for; with refpect alfo to the common intereft and
concernment of the true proteftant religion and your majeſty having, by-
your late publick minifters to England, fignified your royal inclinations and
willingness, by all good means, to conferve and increaſe the antient good un-
derſtanding between theſe ftates.
Upon theſe, and other weighty confiderations, and to fhew how acceptable
the former overtures of your majeſty have been; the parliament have thought
fit by me, to make,tender unto your majefty, of the friendſhip of the common-
wealth of England: and to let you know, that they are not only ready to re-
new and preſerve inviolably, that antient and good correfpondence which hath
hitherto been between the two nations; but are further willing to enter into a
more ſtrict alliance and union, than hath as yet been, for the good of both; and
in ſuch a way as fhall be held requifite, I fhall be ready, more particularly, to
communicate what I have in charge for this purpoſe.
Original of the Queen of Sweden's Anſwer to King Charles II. Vol. I. p. 290. F.
Monfieur Mon Frere,
LE Chivalier Ballandin m'a rendu la lettre que vous avez prins la peine de
m'efcrire; et m'a propofé la commiffion, dont vous l'avez chargée. Il a agi
en tout en homme d'honneur; et a tefmoigné autant de fidelité, et de zele,
pour voſtre ſervice, que vous pourries defirer de lui. Je lui dois ce temoignage,
affin que vous ne lui imputies pas le mauvais fucces de la negotiation. C'eft l'in-
jure du fort qui rend vos maux incurables; et je m'eftime malheureuſe, d'ettre
en ettat de n'y pouvoir apporter du remede. Vous aurez fans doute la bonté de
fouffrir, que vos amis ayent foign de leur intereft, lors qu'ils fe jugent inutils.
aux vottres. Je vous advoue avec regret, que je le fuis plus que perfonne,
et que je ne puis confentir aux propofitions que vous me faittes, fans prejudicer
au bien d'un ettat d'ont les interefts me doivent ettre chers, par deffus de toute
autre confideration. Je fouhaitte cependant, que le temps qui apporte remede
à toute forte de maux, acheue enfin de vos adverfiter; et qu'il ne faffe naiftre
des occafions de les foulager, fans contrevenir aux obligations qui feules peu-
vent tout fur moi.
Monfieur Mon Frere.
Je fuis voftre tres affectione foeur,
}
CHRISTINE.
Original
472
N° VII.
APPENDI X.
M
Original of the Letter of the Queen of Sweden to Grave Magnus de la Garde.
Vol. I. p. 356. G.
;
PUIS que vous defirer me voir encores, après la difgrace qui vous eft
arrivée; je fuis obligée de vous dire combien ce defir eft contraire à voſtre
fatisfaction, et je vous efcri cefte lettre, pour vous faire fouvenir des raiſons
qui m'empechent d'y confentir; et qui vous doivent auffi perfuader, que
cefte entreveue eft inutile à voftre répos. Il n'eft pas en moy d'apporter des
remedes a voftre malheur. C'eft de vous feul, que vous devez attendre la re-
paration de voſtre honneur. Que pouvez vous efperer de moy? Ou que puis
je faire; fi non vous plaindre, et vous blafmer. L'amitié que je vous ai portée
m'oblige à l'un et à l'autre. Et quelque indulgence que j'ai eu pour vous je
ne puis, fans me dementir, vous pardonner le crime que vous avez commis
contre vous meſmes. Ne croyez pas que je fuis offenfée; je vous proteſte que
je ne le fuis pas. Je fuis deformais incapable d'avoir d'autre fentiment pour
vous, que celui de la pitié; le quel toutes fois ne vous peut fervir de rien
depuis que vous vous efte rendu inutiles les fentimens de bonté que j'avois pour
vous. Vous en eftes indigne par voftre propre confeffion; et vous avez pro-
noncé vous meſmes l'arreft de la voftre baniffement, à veue de plufieurs perfonnes
de condition, qui s'y trouverent prefentes. J'ai confirmée cet arreft; pour ce
que je le trouvois jufte; et je ne fuis pas fi preſte à m'en deſdire, que l'on vous
a fait accroire. Après ce que vous avez fait, et fouffert, ofez vous bien vous
monftrer au moy? vous me faites honte, quand je penfe à combien de bafefle
vous eftes defcendu. Combien de foumiffions vous avez fait à ceux mefmes,
à qui vous avez voulu du mal. Dans cette malheureuſe rencontre, on n'a veu
rien de grand, de beau ni de genereux dans voftre conduitte. Si j'eftois ca-
pable de repentir, je regretterois d'avoir contractée amitié avec une ame ſi
foible la voftre: mais cefte foibleffe eft indigne de moy; et ayant tous-
que
jours agi felon la raifon, je ne dois pas blafmer les apparences que j'ai données
aux occurrences du temps. Je les aurois gardées toute ma vie, fi voftre im-
prudence ne m'euft conſtrainte de me declarer contre vous. L'honneur m'o-
blige de le fayre hautement; et la juftice m'ordonne. J'ai trop faite pour
vous depuis neuf ans, ou j'ai tous-jours prins aveuglement voftre parti contre
vous. Mais à prefent que vous abandonnez vos plus chers interefts; je fuis
diſpenſée d'en avoir foign. Vous avez publié vous mefmes un fecret que
j'eftois refolue de taire toute ma vie; en faifant voir, que vous eftez indigne
de la fortune que vous tenez de moy. Si vous eſtez refolu d'entendre ces re-
proches, vous pouvez venir icy; l'y confens à cette condition. Mais n'efperer
pas que les l'armes, ni les foumiflions puiffent jamais m'obliger à la moindre
complaifance. La feule d'ont je fuis capable pour vous eft celle de m'en fou-
venir peu, et d'en parler moins; eftant refolue de n'en parler jamais, que pour
vous blafmer. C'eft ce que je dois, pour faire voir, que l'on eft indigne de
mon eftime après une faute femblable à la voftre. Voyla ce qui me refte à fayre
pour
N° VII.
473
APPENDIX.
}
}
pour vous.
Souvenez vous pourtant, que c'eſt à vous ſeul que vous devez la
diſgrace qui vous arrive; et que je fuis equitable pour vous, comme je feray
tous-jours pour tout le monde.
Original of Whitelocke's Letter to Chancellor Oxenfterne. Vol. I. p. 418. H.
Ad excellentiam fuam magnum cancellarium regni Sueciæ.
Excellentiffime Domine,
CUM
UM hoc loco feptem integras feptimanas et amplius egerim, negotiationis
impofitæ curam agens, cum huic negotio fua majeftas excellentiam veftram
præfecerit; nec huc ufque articulis à me propofitis refponfum adhibeatur, neque
conveniendi excellentiam veftram duabus hifce feptimanis jam elapfis oppor-
tunitatis data fit; incertus prorfùs quam brevi me revocari contingat. Ideo,
et ut meo melius officio fatisfaciem erga dominum meum dominum pro-
tectorem reipublicæ Angliæ, Scotia, et Hiberniæ, et ad promptiorem rerum
mihi à celfitudine fua commiffarum expeditionem, ne etiam mihi negligentiæ
detur; excellentiam veftram rogare, ut propofitis à me refponfum habeatur,
æquum cenfui, idque jam brevi tempore: unde magnis aliis negotiis, neque
etiam huic particulari, quod utriufque nationis communiter intereft (quod ad
honorem et emolumentum fpectat) detrimentum non oboriatur.
Dat. Ubfaliæ, 8th Feb. 1657.
Original Letter of the Queen of Sweden to Chanut. Vol. I. p. 459. I.
JE
E vous ay rendu compte autre foy, des raifons qui m'ont obligée de per-
feverer dans le deffein de mon abdication. Vous fçavez que cefte fantaiſie
m'a duré long temps, et que ce n'eft qu'apres y avoir penfée huit ans, que je
me fuis refolue de l'executer. Il y en a pour le moins cinque, que je vous ay
communiquée cette refolution. Dans un fi long temps touts les incidents ne.
m'ont jamais fait changer. J'ai reglée toutes mes actions a ce but, et je les ay
conduittes à la fin, fans ballancer à cette heure, que je fuis preft d'achever
mon rolle, et pour me retirer derriere la theatre: je ne m'inquiete point du
plaudite. Je fcay que la fcene que j'ai reprefentée n'a pas efté compofée felon
les loix communs du theatre, &c.
** Cætera defunt in Manufcripto.
VOL. II.
1.
Original
474
N° VII.
APPENDI X.
K.
Original of Whitelocke's new Credentials. Vol. I. p. 473.
Olivarius Dominus Protector Reipublicæ Angliæ, Scotia, et Hiberniæ, earumq;
ditionem; fereniffimæ potentiffimæq; principi, et Dominæ unæ, Chriftinæ
Dei gratia Suecor', &c. falutem et profperos rerum Succeffus.
Sereniffima Potentiffimaq; Regina,
Poftquam Deo optimo maximo, qui cuncta nutu fuo dirigit et gubernat, pro
infcrutabili fua fapientia vifum eft regiminis imperiiq; formam in his nationi-
bus mutare, à quo prænobilis Bulftrode Whitelocke conftabularius caftri de
Windfor, atque unus è cuftodibus magni Sigilli Angliæ hinc conceffit utiq; le-
gatus extraordinarius à parliamento reipublicæ Angliæ ad majeftatem veftram
miffus, quo de iis quæ utrique genti è re futura funt vobifcum communicaret.
Neceffarium idcirco duximus certiffimam majeftati veftræ fidem facere, nihil ex
hac præfenti rerum mutatione, fincero ftudio, et benevolentia hujus reipublicæ
verfus majeftatem veftram, ejufve dominica, derogatum iri. Verum ficuti in
illius authoritatis exercitio quæ à Deo et populo nobis concreditur eft, nos teneri
duximus ad bonam cum vicinis intelligentiam colendam: ita cum corona Sueciæ
primo et potiffimum; inter quam et has nationes, arctum fœdus firmaque ami-
citia nullo non fæculo interceffit. Atque ea propter dicto domino Whitelocke,
ea mandata dedimus quæ confimilem bonum affectum comprobent; fummo
opere rogantes, ut ei quoties cumq; petierit, benignam audientiam concedere,
et iis quæ à parte noftra propofiturus eft indubiam fidem adhibere velitis. Et fic
divino fummi rectoris numini majeftatem veftram refq; veftras animitus com-
mendamus. Dab. ex Alba Aula 23° Dec'. Stylo Veteri Anno 1653.
Vefter bonus amicus,
OLIVARIUS P.
Original of Doctor Whitler's Verses. Vol. I. p. 508. L.
Sereniffimæ ac Potentiffimæ Chriftinæ Regina Sueciæ, &c. fefe jam Abdicaturæ.
ERgone Hyperboreum cœlum indignata recufat,
Suftentare humeris nova terra incognita Atlantis?
Æternis regere imperiis Chriftina, Suecos
Delaffata paves? percuffis fafcibus horres
Regia Virgo (velut Conjux Plebeia Stolonis)
Sceptra cui crepitacula erant? quæ terminat aftris
Famam jam non ferre poteft fervire pararis
Imperium regnum, et pannus Bombycinus urit.
Quænam hæc mollities animi? tu Martia proles
Guftavi: tanti talem quæ fulmina terrent?
Obftrepat ufq; licet Umbratica turba togata:
Divitias non poffe pati: fi profpera ringant
Infirmi eft animi indicium quem Jupiter ipfe
Vix
N° VII.
475
APPENDI X.
Vix fanare poteft: facilis Deus hifce falutem
Toxica propinat, reddens optantibus Orcum.
In te magna ruis fuperofq; abfolvere fato
Indigno properas, non funt fabricata Cyclope
Fulmina quæ infontem tali de culmine pellant,
Invidet ipfa fibi Chriftina, potentior omni
Invidia alterius, propriæ fed vulnere dextræ
Occumbit. fibi facrificans fua tempora vittâ
Purpureâ redimita, facris profternitur aris
Regia fponte cadens invito victima regna:
Invitos fervare fuos injuria fumma eft,
Nolumus officium tantum; tantifq; falutem
Refpuimus: populo placando an Pallada mactas?
Jam frendet populus reginæ motus amore,
Non odio: Indomitus jam præmatura remordet
Fræna viri, ignotæ rumpitq; repagula dextræ,
Mollior illa manus, mulcentior illa gubernat,
Serius in Cœlum redeas, fic turba precatur;
Si tamen abripiere, tuis cogentibus Aftris.
Aquius hoc fertur, fatali lege quod actum eft
Solamen miferis, quod non tædebat in iſtos
Imperii; major quod te tuus ardet Olympus,
Suftulitq; docens refonare Amaranthida coelum.
Non fibi follicitus, fi jam fublimior orbem
Refpicis, æthereo radiataq; vertice fulges.
Securiq; tui, quod non te Terra minorem
Defpicit! heu vanus vates fim talia fando.
Es major fato, miferam fortuna refingat
Chriftinam (pudeatq; deam) non fingere novit
Defertam virtute fua, non mente potente
Reddere jus legefq; viris, fibi cudere læta.
Tu mihi femper eris regina colenda. quod optes
Explorare tuum eft: mihi juffa capeffere. magnam
Fortunam titulis, titulos virtutibus ornas-
Sis privata licet, quæcunq; per Arva pererras
Non potes, ut cupias, nativâ luce refulgens
Deficere eclipfi; repacta crepufcula tanti
Syderis extinguent Lucem vulgaribus aftris.
Concilii Arcanum quicquid fit vulgus adoret.
Nil magnum vulgo placuit, non paffibus æquis
Invia fublimis fequitur veftigia mentis.
Femina quæ poffet, nec vult regnare fuperbe
Rara avis in domibus; fed quanto rarior Aulis?
Pinxiſti exemplar Mundo; quod fiquis adæquet,
Ne dum fi que; mihi vel Pallas, vel fit Apollo.
0002
Original
476
N. VII.
APPENDI X.
Original Copy of Verfes, made by an English Gentleman, a Friend of
Whitelocke's. Vol. II. p. 10. M.
Ad Illuftriffimum et Excellentiffimum Dominum, Dominum Whitelocke, lega-
tum Angliæ Extraordinarium apud Sereniffimam Sueciæ Reginam. ODE..
VITLOCE, Martis delicia, decus
Gentis legatæ ; te fine, languidum
Moret tribunal, et cubili
In viduo Themis ingemifcit.
Denfo cientes agmine curfitant,
Et fempiternas te fine confuunt.
Lites, neq; hic difcordiarum
Finis erit, nifi tu revertas.
Sed te nivofum per mare, per vias
Septentrionum, per juga montium,
Inhofpitates per receffus
Duxit amor patriæ decorus.
Legatus oras jam fueonum vides
Bruma fepultas; mox quoq; Galliam,
Hifpaniam mox cum Britannis
Fœdere perpetuo ligabis.
Sic pacis author, fic pius arbiter
Gentes per omnes qua fonuit tuba
Dicere; cancellariufq;
Orbis eris fimul univerfi.
Chriſtina dulcis nympha diutiùs
Ne te moretur: qui merito cluis.
Prudens Ulyffes, fperne doctæ
Popula deliciafq; Circes.
Te cafta tentum Penelope vocat,
Vocant amici, teq; aliæ vocant
Legationes, te requirunt
Ardua multa domi forifq;
Cuftos figilli tu dirimes cito
Pugnas forenfes, Bellaq; principum
Legatus idem terminabis
Tu (fera candida) claude fanum.
Original of Whitelocke's Pafport to Piementelle. Vol. II. p. 25. N.
Comme ainfi foit que Don Antonio Piementel de Prado envoyée extraordi-
naire de fa majefté le roy d'Eſpagne, a fa majefté la reyne de Suede, ſoit
maintenant fur fon retour de ce lieu a Neufport en Flandres, dont fon excel-
lence
t
N. VII.
477
APPEND I X.
lence eft governeur; et qu'il ait jugé a propos d'envoyer partie de fon train,
et baggage par mer de Hambourgh a Duynkerk, ou publique autre port des
Provinces Unies à prefent fous l'obeiffance de fa ditte majefté le roy d'Efpagne;
et pour leur procurer d'autant plus feur convoi, m'ait defiré, comme ambaf-
fadeur extraordinaire de fon Alteffe mon feigneur le Protecteur de la republique
d'Angleterre, d'Eſcoffe, et d'Irland, vous ſa majeſté la reyna de Suede de lui
donner paffeport: ces preſents font pour requirer tous ceux qui ont comman-
dement par mer ou par terre, et tous officiers et autres de la ditte republique
auxquels il peut appartenir, de permettre le porteur des prefentes, Joos Froidure,
fervitteur du dit Don Antonio Piementel, avec fon navire et biens fous fa
charge (a ſcavoir vingt caiffes contenantes toutes fortes de meubles, comme
vaiſelle d'argent, tapifferies, linges, habits, licts de camp, et autres coffres et
chofes pareilles, et tout conduit par le fufdit Joos Froidure, et les caiffes marques
D. A. P.) de paffer paffiblement, et fans empefchement quelconq; jufques au
dit Duynquerque, ou autre port des Provinces Unies de prefent fous l'obeiffance
de fa ditte majefté le roy d'Efpagne. Donné fous ma main et feau, à Ubfale
in Suede, ce 4eme d'Avril, 1654•
B. WHITELOCKE.
Original of Whitelocke's Paſſport to Grave Eric. Vol. II.
p.
0.
Uandoquidem Petrus Gerbrant cives Stockholmenfis, et Navarcha Navis
pertinentis ad fuam majeftatem reginam Sueciae dicta Sudermanlandts,
Revaliæ filigine, et aliis fuedicorum fubditorum ac mercatorum mercibus
onuftæ, navigaturæq; Lifbonam Portugaliæ; et quo melius navigationem in-
ftituat, rogavit me, à fua celfitudine domino Protectore reipublicæ Angliæ,
Scotia, et Hiberniæ, ad majeftatem fuam reginam Sueciæ legatum extraordi-
narium, litteras falvi conductus, commendatitiafq; Idcirco per prefentes re-
quiro omnes præfectos, et officio præpofitos, five mari five terra, ad quos hæ
pervenient, velint permittere dicto Petro Gerbrant, cum nave et onere præ-
dicto, quiete et procul à moleftia ad dictum Lifbonæ portum vela facere, et
inde Stockholmiam revertere, eo quod navi imponere onere libuerit. Date
fub manu mea fubfcriptæ, figillofq; munitæ. Ubfaliæ in Sueciæ, 14. April,
1654.
BULSTRODE WHITELOCKE.
Original of the Articles as they were figned and fealed by the Chancellor and
his Son Grave Eric. Vol. II. p. 113.
P. Extracted from the larger
Manufcript, which is not quite correct.
Sereniffimæ ac potentiffimæ principis ac domine domina Chriſtine Dei
gratia Suecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumq; reginæ, magnæ principis
Finlandia, Ducis Efthonia, Carelia, Bremæ, Verde, Stetini, Pomeranie,
Caffubiæ, et Vandaile, Principis Rugiæ, nec non Domine Ingriæ, et Wif
marie
478
N° VII.
APPENDIX.
mariæ &c. Regniq; Suecia Senatores ac Plenipotentes Commiffarii, nos in-
frafcripti Axeluy Oxenftierna Regni Cancellarius, et Judex Provincialis Oc-
cidentalium Norlandiarum, Lapponiæq; Herredatiæ et Jemptiæ, Comes Moreæ
Auftralis, liber Baro in Kimitho, dominus in Tiholme et Tydoen, eques aura-
tus, et Ericus Oxenftierna Axely, generalis collegii commerciorum, Præfes,
Comes Moreæ Auftralis, liber Baro in Kimitho, dominus in Tydoen, Vibii,
et Gorwallen, notum teftatumq; facimus, quod ficuti nulla non antehac tem-
porum memoria, Suecorum Anglorumq; gentes amica et egregia confuetudo
intercefferit, atq; renovandæ adaugendæq; ejus ufui commodum acciderit, quod
fereniffimam regiam majeftatem dominam noftram clementiffimam, mandato
et nomine Olivarii Domini Protectoris Reipublicæ Angliæ, Scotia, et Hiberniæ,
Suarumq; ditionum, et dictæ reipublicæ legatus extraordinarius illuftriffimus
et excellentiffimus dominus Bulftrodus Whitelocke, conftabularius caftri de
Windfor, atq; unus e cuftodibus magni figilli Angliæ, fufficienti poteftate in-
ſtructus, promptufq; tranfigendis quæ fequuntur negotiis accefferit. Ita quoq;
dicta fereniffima regia majeftas nobis pari ac fufficienti poteftate munitis
clementiffime injunxit, ut deliberatis ac confideratis cum prænominato domino
legato, iis, quæ pro ftabilienda. Commerciorum ac navigationis libertate, atq;
corroboranda mutua amicitia hujus temporis, ac rerum omnium circumftantiis
convenientiffima judicarentur, certi quid de ejus ftatueretur, atq; fub articulis
quibufdam mutui fœderis comprehenderetur. Quamobrem de infra fcriptis
negotiis poft fedulam eorum deliberationem ita convenimus, quemadmodum
fequentibus ac infertis huic tractatui legibus, clarifve ac perfpicuis eorundem
verbis exprimuntur, videlicet.
1. Inter reginam regnumq; Sueciæ, et dominum Protectorem prædictamq;
rempublicam, atq; univerfas et fingulas utriufq; ditiones, regna, regiones, pro-
vincias, infulas, terras, colonias, urbes, oppida, populos, cives, incolas, et
omnes omnino fubditos, et inhabitatantes, bona in pofterum fincera, firma, atq;
perpetua fit, maneatq; pax, amicitia et correfpondentia; adeo ut pars utraq;
amore et affectu integerrimo fe invicem complectatur.
2. Prædicti confœderati et ditionis utriufq; fubditi, populus, ac incolæ, ubi
occafio dabitur, mutuum commodum curabunt ac promovebunt, certiores fe
invicem quoq; facient fi alterutri pericula imminentia in alterum, confpirationes,
ac machinationes inimicorum innotuerint, iifq; quantum in illis fuerit, ob-
ftabunt, ac illis impedient. Neutri etiam confoederatorum licitum erit neq;
per fe, neq; per alios quofcunq; agere, tractare aut conari quidquam alterius
incommodo, vel damno terrarum aut dominiorum alterius qualiumcumq; ubivis
loci, five mari five terra. Hoftes ejus, rebelles aut inimicos in confoederati dam-
num nullatenus fovebit, neq; rebellium aut proditorum quenquam qui adver-
fus ftatum alterius quidquam molietur, in ditiones fuas recipiet, aut admittet:
multo minus concilium, auxilium aut favorem illis præftabit, vel tale quid
per fubditos, populum, ac incolas fuas præftari finet, vel permittet.
3. Jam dicta regina regnumq; et prædictus dominus protector prædictaq;
republica omni cum candore ftudioq; in illam curam incumbent, ut (quantum
in
No VII.
479
APPENDI X.
in illis fuerit) fubmoveantur impedimenta quæ confœderatorum libertatem
navigationis et commercii, tum invicem inter utranq; amicam gentem, tum
per ditiones, terras, maria et flumina utriufq; cum aliis populis ac gentibus
hactenus interturbarunt. Prænominatam autem libertatem navigationis, et
omnis utriq; mercatura contra turbatores quofcunq; afferere, ftabilire, defendere
atq; provehere, hifce, de quibus in hoc tractatu convenit, vel de quibus poft
hac convenire poterit, rationibus, integerrime adnitentur; nihil vero finent,
neq; per fe, fubditofq; ac populos fuos, neq; fua ullatenus culpa, huic inftituto
adverfum committi aut perpetrari.
4. Conceffum imprimis liberumq; fit utrifq; prædictorum confœderatorum,
et incolis ac fubditis illorum, terreftri, vel maritimo, et quocunq; deniq;
itinere, in alterius confœderati regna, regiones, provincias, terras, infulas,
urbes, villas, oppida murata vel non murata, munita vel immunita, portus,
dominia, et ditiones quofcunq; libere ac fecure, abfq; licentia vel falvo con-
ductu generali vel fpeciali, ingredi, ire atq; inde redire, ibidem commorari,
aut eafdem tranfire; et omnia interim victui ufuiq; fuo neceffaria emere, atq;
pretio pro lubitu comparare, omniq; benevolentia tractentur. Etiam fit fas
utriq; confœderatorum, fubditifq; eorum, civibus ac incolis mercari, merca-
turam facere, et commercia exercere in omnibus locis quibus hactenus com-
mercium exercebatur ufpiam, quibufcunq; in rebus ac mercibus allubeſcit,
eafdemq; importandi exportandiq; pro arbitrio cujufq; copia dabitur; folutis
tamen teloniis debitis, et obfervatis legibus ac ordinationibus prædicti regni, et
reipublicæ prædictæ, five mercaturam five jus aliud refpicientibus: quibus
præfuppofitis, populus, fubditi, ac incolæ unius confœderatorum habeant ac
poffideant in regionibus, terris, dominiis, ac regnis alterius tam larga et ampla
privilegia, tantafq; relaxationes, libertates immunitatefq; quantas peregrinus
quilibet poffidet, ac poffidebit, in dictis utrinq; dominiis ac regnis.
5. Mercatores navarchæ, naucleri, nautæ, homines quicunq; naves et omnia
in univerfum mercimonia ac bona confœderati alterutrius, ejufq; fubditorum
ac incolarum, nullo publico privatove nomine, vi alicujus edicti generalis aut
fpccialis, in terris, portubus, ftationibus, littoribus, vel ditionibus quibufcumq;
alterius fœderati, in ufum publicum, expeditiones bellicas, aliamve ob caufam,
multo minus in ufum cujufquam privatum apprehendantur, per arrefta de-
lineantur, violentia aliqua, aut ulla ejufdem fpecie cogantur, nullave afficiantur
moleftia vel injuria. Cautum tantumodo fit, arrefta juri ac æquitati con-
fentanea non prohiberi, fi fecundum ordinarias legum formulas fiant, nullifve
privatis cujufquam affectibus impune indulgeantur, fed pro juris ac juftitiæ
adminiftratione evitari non poffint.
6. Quod fi una plurefve naves alterutrius confoederatorum, five bellicæ five
onerariæ ac private fubditorum, civium, et incolarum ejus, procellis abreptæ
fuerint, vel perfequentibus piratis, inimicis ac hoftibus, vel alia urgente ne-
ceffitate ac ratione, in portus ftationefq; vel ad littora quæcunq; alterius con-
fœderati appellere cogantur, benignè omniq; humanitate ibidem excipiantur,
et amica gaudeant protectione; nullo autem modo impediantur quo minus in-
tegrum omnino habeant reficere fe, et omnia victui, reparationi, atq; commodo
fu
480
N° VII.
APPEND I X.
fuo infervientia æquo prætio comparare; nulla quoq; ratione prohibeantur ex
portu et ftatione viciffim pro libitu folvere ac egredi, non folutis teloniis aut
oneribus ullis, dum modo adverfus ftatuta, ordinationes, ac confuetudines
loci in quem fubductæ naves fuerint, aut ubi commorantur, nihil committatur
vel peccetur.
7. Pari ratione fi navis una plurefve publicæ aut privatæ alterutrius con-
fœderati ejufdemq; fubditorum ac incolarum, ad oras aut in ditionibus quibuf-
cunq; alterius fœderati impegerint, jactum fecerint, vel naufragium et damnum
quodcumq; paffæ fuerint, aut in pofterum patientur; detrimentum paffis be-
nevole et amiciflime fubveniatur, atq; auxilium illis pro convenienti feratur,
adeo ut quicquid ex naufragio, vel quocunq; damno fuperfuerit, falvetur,
confervetur, et jufto domino vel ejus vices gerenti reftituatur.
8. Quod fi fubditi et incolæ alterutrius confoederatorum. five mercatores fint
factores, corumq; fervi, navarchi, naucleri, nautæ, five aliam ob caufam in alte-
rius fœderati ditionibus iter facientes, aut degentes, vel nomine eorum quid
quam acturi coram juftitiæ foro, vel exigendis debitis fuis, vel ob alias legiti-
mas rationes, magiftratuum auxilio ibidem indiguerint, id illis prompte et
pro æquitate caufae benigne præbeatur, atq; juftitia fine prolixis, et non ne-
ceffariis ambagibus adminiftretur. In peragendis negociis, contrahendis mer-
cibus, accipienda pro illis folutione atq; pretio, perficiendifq; itineribus fuis,
nullo modo aut prætextu impediantur; fed amiciffima ubiq; experiantur
officia: liberum etiam illis utrinq; fit, euntibus, redeuntibus, et obambulantibus
in littoribus, navibus, portubus, et publicis ubicunq; locis alterius confœ-
derati, arma portalitia in privatam defenfionem geftare; modo nequaquam
præbeant præfectis, ac magiftratui cujufcunq; loci juftam fufpicionem de ma-
chinationibus ullis adverfus pacem publicam vel privatam; imprimis vero qui-
cunq; modefte fe gefferit, vixeritq; ab omni injuria, vi, ac moleftia prolegatur.
9. Liceat prædictis confœderatis et fingulis utriufq; populo fubditifq; emere,
atq; exportare, ex fingulis utriufq; regionibus, dominiis ac regnis, omnis ge-
neris armaturam et qualemcunq; apparatum bellicum; et navigia in quolibet
alterius portus, ftationes ac littora tuto ac libere fubducere, ad illa appettere,
ibidem commorari atq; inde exire, modo fe gerant modefte, pacate, et con-
formes locorum fingulorum legibus ac confuetudinibus; neq; libertatem com-
merciorum ulla ratione ibidem impediantur. Pariter naves bellicæ habeant
quidem liberum acceffum in portus alterius fœderati, et liberam ftationem, fed
eo tam manifeftam * præbere poterit, iftuc non accedent abfq; confenfu et venia
impetrata ab illo fœderato, cujus portus fint; nifi tempeftatibus impulfæ, vel
vi, vel maris periculo; quo in cafu adventus caufam gubernatori vel primario
loci magiftratui fignificabunt, nec diutius moram ibi trahent, quam à guber-
natore vel primario magiftratu, ut prædictum, conceflum fuerit: obfervatis
femper et ubiq; fupra indigitatis hoc articulo, et iis de quibus in pofterum
convenerit legibus,
*So the Manufcript. Perhaps the true reading is as follows. Sed fi numerus earum fufpicionem
manifeftam præbere poterit, &c. See the tranflation, which is here printed from the fame manufcript.
10. Fas
N° VII.
481
APPENDI X.
10. Fas fit reginæ regniq; Sueciæ fubditis ac incolis quibufcunq; tuto ac
fine moleftia iter facere in Anglia, Scotia, et Hibernia, omnibufq; illarum
ditionibus, et eafdem tranfire terra vel mari quocunq; libuerit, ad gentes alias
quafcunq; cum illis commercium inftituere, et mercaturam in omni mercimo-
niorum genere liberrime exercere, illaq; iftuc advehere indeq; evehere; iifdem
fruatur libertatibus populus reipublicæ prædictæ in regnis, dominiis ac terri-
toriis reginæ regniq; Sueciæ, ea conditione ut obferventur utrinq; leges, or-
dinationes, ac jura peculiaria cujufq; gentis, quæ commercia et mercaturam
concernunt.
11. Quamvis fuperioribus articulis hujus fœderis ac amicitiæ legibus pro-
hibitum fit, neutrum confœderatorum alterius hoftibus auxilium atq; fubfidium
præftiturum, fubintelligi tamen nullo modo debet, commercia et navigationem
illi confœderato ejufq; fubditis et incolis qui bello non eft immixtus, cum
hoftibus illius fœderati, qui in bello verfatur omnino denegata effe. Cautum
tantumodo fit interim, donec rite magis de omnibus huc pertinentibus legibus
convenerit, nullas ejus modi merces, contrabande vocatas (de quarum fpeciali
defignatione vel catalogo intra quatuor ab hinc menfes rite conveniet) ad
hoftes alterius devehendas effe, fine periculo fi ab altero fœderatorum depre-
hendantur, quod prædæ cedant abfq; fpe reftitutionis.
12. Ne vero libera ejufmodi navigatio aut tranfitus fœderati unius ejuſve
fubditorum ac incolarum durante bello alterius fœderati, terra, marive cum
aliis gentibus, fraudi fit alteri confœderato, mercefq; et bona hoftilia occultari
poffint dolis pretexendo amici nomen; ea ratio amovendæ fufpicioni fraudiq; pla-
cuit, quod naves, plauftra, merces, hominefq; ad alterutrum confœderatorum
pertinentes in itineribus ac navigationibus fuis muniti effe debeant falvi con-
ductus (vulgo vocatis paffeportus) et certificationum literis, quæ à fupremo ejus
provinciæ urbifve præfecto aut magiftratu, unde exiverint, fignandæ erunt: ob-
fervandæq; in iis omnibus ex formulæ, de quibus intra fpatium quatuor ab hinc
menfium rite conveniet. Ubi vero merces, bona navigia, homines alterutrius
confœderatorum, ejufq; fubditorum ac incolarum in aperto mari, fretis, portu-
bus ftationibus, terris, ac locis quibufcunq; obvia, aut obvii fuerint navibus
bellicis, publicis aut privatis, vel hominibus, fubditis ac incolis alterius fœde-
rati, vel quocunq; modo in unum cum ipfis locum convenerint, exhibitis
duntaxat falvi conductus fui, et certificationum literis, nihil ulterius ab iis
exigatur; in bona navigia, aut homines nequaquam inquiratur; multo minus
injuria, damno, aut moleftia ulla afficiantur: fed profequendo itineri, ac in-
ftituto fuo, prout fuperius fignificatum eft liberrime dimittantur. Si ab
alterutra parte adverfus hujus articuli genuinum fenfum quodquam commiffum
fuerit, contravenientibus fubditis ac incolis fuis, poenam feveram uterq; con-
fœderatorum infigi; læfo autem alteri confoederato vel ejus fubditis ac incolis
de jactura omni ac impenfis plenarie, et protinus atq; fine ulla mora fatisfieri
curabit.
13. Si contigerit quoq; in pofterum, durante hac amicitia ac foedere, quemquam
è populo ac fubditis alterutrius confoederatorum partium agere, aut moliri
aliquid contra hoc foedus pactumq; inter prædictos confoederatos, non eo no-
VOL. II.
Pp P
mine
482
N° VII.
APPENDI X.
mine interruptum aut diffolutum erit; fed nihilominus perdurabit, ac prema-
nebit integrum. Dabunt autem poenas homines illi particulares foli, quotquot
hoc fœdus violarint, ac injuriam accipientibus jus, et juftitia adminiftrabitur :
et fiet fatisfactio omnis damni atq; injuriæ intra duodecim menfium fpatium
poft reftitutionem poftulatam. Quod fi prædicti delinquentes et perpetratæ
violentiæ rei, fiftere fe ac fubmittere juftitiæ, vel infra præfinitum diem fatif-
facere recufaverint; illi, quicunq; tandem fint, pronunciabantur utriufq; ftatus
inimici, et eorum facultates, bona ac res quales quantæcunq; confiſcabuntur,
et venum dabuntur, ad juftam et plenam fatisfactionem injuriarum quas fece-
rint ipfiq; delinquentes et rei, ubi in poteftatem alterutrius ftatus venerint;
meritis infuper poenis pro delicti natura aflicientur. Reftitutio autem ac fatif-
factio pro jactura, ac damnis quæ durante bello Anglicano cum fœderati Belgii
provinciis alterutra partium confederatarum per alteram paffa eft, quantocius
et fine mora parti læfæ, aut ejus fubditis ac incolis, fiat et præftetur.
14. Præfens tractatus ac confoederatio nihil derogabit præeminentiæ, juri ac
dominio cuicunq; alterutrius confoederatorum in fuis maribus, fretis, atq; aquis
quibufcunq; fed habeant retineantq; fibi eadem pari amplitudine qua hactenus
gavifi funt, et quæ illis jure competit.
15. Cum primarium itaq; fit inftitutum hujus foederis, ut talis libertas navi-
gationis ac mercaturæ, qualis in fuperioribus articulis defcripta eft, utriq; fœde-
rato, fubditis ejus ac incolis utrinq; fit ac maneat, in mari Balthico, freto Ore-
funtico, mari Septentrionali, Occidentali, Brittannico, Mediterraneo, ac canali
cæterifq; in Europa maribus; communi itaq; confilio, ope, et auxilio integer-
rime allaborabitur, ut prædicta mutuaq; libertas navigationis, ac mercaturæ in
omnibus prænominatis maribus ac fretis ſtabiliatur, promoveatur, atq; fi occafio
ita tulerit, defendatur contra turbatores qui interrumpere illam, prohibere,
impedire vel ad nutum fuum injuriamq; confoederatorum conftringere, aut
cogere voluerint; benevolentiam item atq; promptitudinem provehendis al-
terius confœderati commodis et amoliendis incommodis, uterq; prædictorum
confœderatorum benigniffime invicem præftabit; falvis tamen foederibus utriq;
genti cum aliis regnis, rebufpublicis ac nationibus quæ antehac inita funt, et
vigorem obtinuerunt. Nullatenus autem impofterum alteruter confœdera-
torum fœdus inibit aut quidquam pacifcetur cum aliis peregrinis gentibus ac
nationibus quibufcunq; in prejudicium qualecunq; hujus præfentis invicem
fœderis; nifi præfcis ac confentiente altero confœderato: aut fi quidquam aliter
cum aliis poft hoc pactum fuerit, pro inito habeatur, cedatq; omnino huic
mutuæ conventioni. De modo autem fubfidii vel auxilii invicem ferendi, pro
defenfione hujus foederis et libertatis commerciorum, ac navigationis, ubiq; ita
neceffum fuerit, et ratio poftularit, fpecialius pro temporis ac rerum omnium
circumftantiis conveniet.
16. De commoditatibus aliis quibus frui poterint, et legibus fecundum quas
ſe gerere tenebuntur naves bellica, quæ in portus vel ftationes alterius con-
fe
fœderatorum appulerint, de commercio in America faciendo; item de com-
inoditatibus pifcatoriis halecum, et pifcium quorumcunq; de ftaplis et em-
poriis commerciorum conftituendis, deq; aliis rebus et conditionibus, quæ ad
majorem
N. VII.
483
APPENDIX.
majorem fuperiorum articulorum evidentiam requiri poterint, ftatuetur, prout
in pofterum peculiari tractatu vel contractu invicem conveniet.
17. Hæc vero in quæ fuperioribus articulis confenfimus, obtinebunt confeftim
ab hoc eodem temporis momento omnimodum vigorem, atq; fincere ab utraq;
parte, omnibus qui obedientia, fide, ac obfequio utrinq; attinentur, rite ob-
fervabuntur. quo autem in pofterum eo magis ſtabilia ac firma fint maneantq;
tum à regia majeftate domina noftra clementiffima, tum à domino protectore
reipublicæ Angliæ, Scotia, et Hiberniæ, fuarumq; ditionum, nomine fuæ cel-
fitudinis, et prædictæ reipublicæ intra quadrimestre fpatium, propriis majeftatis
illius atq; ejus celfitudinis manuum fubfcriptionibus, ac figillis fubfcribentur,
fignabuntur ac rata habebuntur.
Ad corroboranda hæc omnia quæ fuperfcripta funt, atq; ir fidem fufficien-
tem fore, ut ex parte reginæ majeftatis dominæ noftræ clementiffimæ fanctiffime
ac integerrime obferventur, atq; intra præfinitum diem rati habeantur, hæc
propriis manibus fubfcripfimus, et figillis noftris munivimus. Actum Upfaliæ
die 11 Aprilis, anno 1654.
WE
ma
AXELIUS OXENSTIERNA,
ERICUS OXENSTIERNA AXELII.
The English Translation of the Articles.
E whofe names are fubfcribed Axelius Oxenftierna, chancellor of the
kingdome, and provinciall judge of the Weft Norlanders, of Lapland,
Heredalia, and Jemptia, earle of South Morea, free baron in Kimithơ, lord
in Tiholme and Tydoen, knight of the golden fpurre; and Ericus Oxenftierna,
fon of Axelius, generall prefident of the colledge of trade, earle of South Morea,
free barron in Kimitho, lord in Tydoen, Viby, and Gorwallen, fenators of the
kingdome of Sweden, and plenipotentiary commiffioners of the moſt ſerene and
moft potent prince and lady, the lady Chriftina, by the grace of God, queen of
the Swedes, Goths, and Vandales, great prince of Finland, duke of Efthonia,
Carelia, Bremen, Veherden, Stetin, Pomerland, Caffubia, and Vandalia, prince
of Rugia, and lady of Ingrie and of Wifmer; doe make known and teftify,
thus formerly there hath bin a great amitie betweene the Swediſh and Engliſh
nations, for which, to renew and increaſe the profit of it, it very well hap-
pened, that the moſt illuftrious and moft excellent lord Bulftrode Whitelocke,
conftable of Windfor-caſtle, and att this time one of the keepers of the great
feal of England, being fufficiently authorized to treat of the following af
fayres, came to the S. R. M. our lady, by commandment, and in the name of
Oliver, lord protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and
Ireland, ambaffador extraordinary from thefe countrys, and of the aforefaid
commonwealth. The fame alfo our moft S. R. M. hath benignely commaunded
us, who have the fame and fufficient power, that after we ſhould have con-
fidered with the aforefaid lord ambaffador about the things which would be
judged the moſt convenient to eſtabliſh the liberty of commerce and naviga-
Ppp 2
tion,
7
484
N° VII.
APPENDIX.
tion, and to corroborate the mutuall amitie in this time, that fome certaine
things fhould be determinated and written in forme of articles of mutuall
alliance.
Therefore, we after a good deliberation togither agreed touching the affayres
heerafter written, as they are by theſe following lawes which are in this treaty,
and by their cleer words, and without difficulty expreffed. That is,
1. That heerafter there be a good, fincere, firme peace and correfpondence
betweene the queen and kingdome of Sweden, and the lord protector and the
aforefaid commonwealth, and between all and every one of the dominions,
kingdomes, countreys, provinces, iflands, lands, colonies, townes, peoples,
cittizens, inhabitants, and all and every one of the ſubjects of either of the
party, fo that they may mutually embrace in entire love and affection.
2. The aforefaid confederates and ſubjects, people and inhabitants of either,
fhall, when occafion fhall be prefented, advance the common profit, and ſhall,
if they know of any imminent daunger, or confpiration or machination of
the enemies, admoniſh one another, and ſhall hinder them as much as lyes in
their power. Neither fhall it be permitted to any of the confederates to doe
or treat by him, or by any other whatſoever to the prejudice or damage of
the lands and dominions of either, whatſoever they be, or in whatſoever place,
either by fea or land. The enemies, or rebells, or adverfaries fhall in no wife
be fuffered, neither fhall the rebells or traitors who undertake under the ſtate
of the other be received in his countreys, and fhall much leffe give them
councell, ayde, or favour, nor ſhall admitt that his fubjects, people, or inhabi-
tants ſhould doe any thing like.
3. The queen and kingdome aforeſaid, and the lord protector and common-
wealth aforefaid ſhall (as much as in them lyes) endeavour to take care with all
candor and affection to remove all the hinderances which hitherto have inter-
rupted the liberty of navigation and commerce between both the nations, as
much in the dominions, lands, feas, and rivers of either of the confederates,
with other people and nations. They fhall alſo endeavour to advance and de
fend the liberty of navigation and commerce againſt all forte of difturbators
for the reaſons agreed uppon in this treaty, or uppon which heerafter they may
agree, nor fhall fuffer either through themfelves, their fubjects or people, any
offence to be committed or done againſt this inftitution.
4. For it is confented and agreed, that the inhabitants and ſubjects of the
aforefaid confederates be free to travell, by fea or land, into the kingdomes,
countries, provinces, lands, iflands, townes, citties, villages, walled or un-
walled, fortifyed or no, ports, dominions whatſoever freely, or without fafe-
conduct, generall or ſpeciall, to goe, and thence to returne, and thence to
ftay or paffe over, and all the while to buy victualls and things neceffary for
their ufe, and are to be treated with all benevolence. And alſo it ſhall be
lawfull for the fubjects, cittizens, and inhabitants of either of the confederates
to exerciſe marchandife and commerce in all places wherein any commerce
hath hitherto bin exercifed, and the fame merchandiſe may be carryed in or
forth according to their pleaſure, paying nevertheleffe the ufuall tax, and ob-
ferving
N° VII.
485
APPENDI X.
2
ferving the lawes and ordinances of the aforefaid kingdome and commonwealth;
fuppofing on both fides that the people, fubjects, and inhabitants of either
of the confederates fhall have and poffeffe in the countreys, lands, dominions,
and kingdome of the other, as full and ample priviledges, and as much free-
dome, liberty, and immunity as any ſtranger poffeffeth, or fhall poffeffe in
the faid dominions and kingdomes.
5. The marchants, mafters of fhips, pylots, feamen, and others, their fhips,
marchandiſe, and all goods in generall of the ſaid confederates, and their ſub-
jects and inhabitants, fhall not be apprehended or deteined in the lands, ports,
fhoares, harbors, or dominions whatſoever in alliance with the other, for any
publique uſe, expedition of warre, or other caufe, much leffe for any private
man's uſe, by virtue of any edict, generall or ſpeciall; neither ſhall they be
moleſted or conſtrained by violence or injury, or any thing of that kind: pro-
vided that arreſts be not prohibited, if they are made according to the ordi-
nary forme of lawe, juftice, and equity, they fhall not neglect the puniſhment.
of any for private affection.
6. And if one or more fhips of the ſubjects, cittizens, or inhabitants, be
they of warre or of burden and private mens, fhall be forced by tempefts or
purſued by pyrats and enemies, or any urgent neceffity, to the harbour or
Thoares of the other confederate, and be forced to call for protection, they
fhall be received there with all benignity, humanity, and friendship, and att
no time be hindered; and all victuall, reparation, and things fitt for ufe att
the ordinary price; they fhall not be prohibited to depart or goe out of the
port or harbour by any pretence whatſoever, as long as they have not com-
mitted any thing againſt the ftatutes, ordinances, and cuftome of the place:
where their fhips are brought, and where they ſhall fojourne.
7. Likewiſe, if one thip, or more, of warr, or of private men of the other
confederate, and of the ſubjects and inhabitants, fhall be fhipwrecked or caft
on the coaſt of the dominions of the other confederate, or for the future may
ſuffer detriment, they may be relieved and helped att a price agreed on; ſo
that whatſoever fhall be faved from the fhipwreck, fhall be preferved and re--
ftored to the true owner or his factor.
8. And if the fubjects and inhabitants of the other confederate, whither
they be marchants, their factors, fervants, mafter of fhips, pyrats, feamen,
or others, have occafion to travelle into the dominions of the other confe-
derate; or if any thing fhall come in their name before a court of juftice, or
fuits for their debts, or for any other lawfull reafon, wherein they may need
the help of the magiftrate: in thefe things he fhall be benigne and ready for
equityes fake, and fhall adminifter juftice without delay or unneceffary cir-
cumſtances, and they ſhall not be hindered in their journey by any pretence;:
butt whitherfoever they goe, are to be ufed friendly, and thall have the liberty
either in going or returning, to carry and wearearmes for their private defence,
and to walke into the harbours, fea-ports, and in any publique place of the
other confederate armed; provided they give no occafion of juft fufpicion to the
governors or magiftrates of any place, of any defigne against the publique
GF
1
486
N° VII.
APPENDI X.
or private peace; butt chiefly they are to behave themſelves modeftly, and to
live without any injury.
9. It is lawful for the forefaid confederate, and both their people, to buy
and export out of any of their countreys, dominions, and kingdomes, all forts
of armes and provifion of warre, and freely and fafely to carry their ſhips
into what ports, ſtations, and harbours of the other confederate they pleaſe,
and there to fojourne, and from thence to goc; and they are to carry them-
felves modeftly, peaceably, and conforme to all the lawes and cuftomes of the
place, and they may trade there without any hindrance; likewiſe the ſhips of
warr have free leave to come to the ports, havens, and ſtations of the other
confederates. Butt nevertheleffe, if there be a manifeft fufpicion in their
number, they may forbid their acceffe, without they have obtained leave of
the confederate in whofe ports they are, (unleffe they are drawne in by tem-
pefts, or force, or danger, or chiefe magiftrate); and are not to ſtay longer
then the governour or chiefe magiftrate will give them leave.
10. It fhall be lawfull for the fubjects and inhabitants of the kingdome of
Sweden to travel into all the countreys of England, Scotland, and Ire-
land, and likewiſe to paffe beyond land or fea, and other people that commerce
with them, to exerciſe trade in all kind of marchandice, and to bring them
thither, and carry thence att their pleaſure. The people of the aforefaid com-
monwealth ſhall injoy the fame liberty in the kingdomes, dominions, and terri-
tories of the queene and kingdome of Sweden; butt, uppon condition that
they ſhall obferve the refpective lawes, ordinances, and perticular rights of
both nations, and of thoſe things which concerne the traficque.
II. Although it be prohibited by the former articles of this league and
friendſhip, that neither of the confederates fhall give aide or affiftance to the
enemies of the other, nevertheleffe it is no way to be underſtood, that it is
denyed to the confederate and his fubjects and people, who is not in warre,
to have commerce and navigation with the enemies of that confederate who is
in warre. Provided only in the meane time, untill it may be more fully agreed
uppon, all lawes hereunto perteining, that none of thofe commodityes called
contrebanda (of which a ſpeciall defignation or catalogue fhall be agreed uppon,
within fower moneths from this time) fhall be carryed to the enemies of either,
uppon perill, that if they be found out by the other confederate, they fhall
be taken as prize without hope of reſtitution.
12. Butt leaſt this free navigation or paffage by land or fea with other nations,
of the one confæderate, his fubjects or people, during the warre of the other
confederate, fhould be a deceipt to the other confederate, and may conceale
commodities and hoftile goods, by deceipt, pretending the name of a friend;
for that reaſon, to remove fufpition and fraud, it is thought fitt that the ſhippes,
waggons, marchandifes, and men belonging to one of the confederates, in
their journeys and navigation fhall be armed with letters of fafe-conduct,
commonly called paffeports and certificates, which fhall be figned by the chiefe
governor or magiftrate of the province or citty from whence they come, and
in all them, thofe formes to be obferved which ſhall be agreed uppon within
the
N° VII.
487
APPEND I X.
¡
the ſpace of fower moneths next infuing; butt where the marchandifes, goods,
fhipping, and men of one of the confederates, or of his fubjects or people,
in the open fea, ftreights, ports, ftations, lands, and places whatfoever, fhall
be met with by the fhippes of warre, publique or private, or by the men fub-
jects and people of the other confæderate, or by any means fhall be in one
place togither; then exhibiting only their letters of fafe-conduct and certificates,
nothing fhall be further required of them, nor inquired of them, nor inquiry
made as to their goods, fhipping, or men any further; much leffe fhall any
injury, damage, or trouble be offered to them, butt as is before fignifyed, they
fhall be freely difmiffed to proceed in their intended journey. And in cafe
any thing be done by either party contrary to the genuine fenfe of this article,
either of the confederates fhall caufe fevere puniſhment to be inflicted uppon
thoſe who ſhall doe contrary heerunto, their fubjects and people, and fhall
take care that fatisfaction be made without delay to the other grieved confade-
rate, or his fubjects and people, fully of all their loffes and expences.
་
13. Alſo, if it fhall fall out heerafter during this friendship and league,
that any of the people and fubjects of either of the confederates fhall take
part with, or defigne any thing againft this league, the agreement between
the aforefaid confederates fhall not therby be interrupted or diffolved, butt
nevertheleſſe ſhall continue and wholly remaine; butt thofe perticular perfons
only who have broken this league fhall be puniſhed, and right and juftice fhall
be adminiſtred to thofe who have received injury, and fatisfaction fhall be madé
of all dammages and wronge within a twelve monethes tine after reftitution
demaunded. And if the forefaid delinquents, and perfons guilty of the
violence committed, fhall not yield themſelves and fubmit to juice, or within
the præfixed time fhall refufe to make fatisfaction, they, whofoever they are,
ſhall att length be proclamed enemies to both ftates, and their eftates, goods,
and whatſoever things they have, fhall be confiſcated and fold for a juit and
full fatisfaction of the wrongs by them done, and thofe offenders and guilty
perfons, where they fhall come into the power of either ftate, fhall fuffer alfo
deferved puniſhment according to the nature of their offence. Butt reftitu-
tion and fatisfaction for the loffes and damages which either of the confederates
hath fuffered by the other, during the warre between England and the united
provinces of the Netherlands, fhall be made, and afforded without delay, to
the party wronged, or to his fubjects.
14. The prefent treaty and confederation fhall not att all derogate from the
preheminence, right, and dominion whatſoever of either of the confederates,
in their feas, ftreights, and waters whatfoever; butt they fhall have and re-
taine the fame to themfelves, in the fame fullnes as they have hitherto enjoyed
the fame, and of right belongs unto them.
15. Whereas therfore it is the principall purpoſe of this league, that the
fame freedome of navigation and marchandising as is expreffed in the former
articles, fhould be and remaine to either confederate, his fubjects and people,
in the Baltick fea, the freight of the Sundt, the Northerne, Wefterne, Britiſh,
and Mediterranean feas, and in the Channell, and other feas of Europe; itt
fhall
488
No VII.
APPENDI X.
fhall therfore earneftly be indeavoured, by common councell, helpe, and af-
fiftance, that the forefaid mutuall freedome of navigation and commerce fhall
be eſtabliſhed and promoted in all the before-mentioned feas; and if occafion
require, fha be defended againft difturbers, who would interrupt it, prohibit,
hinder, conſtraine, and force it, to their own will, and the injury of the
confederates; and bothe the confederates fhall willingly and mutually afford
their good will and readines to promote the benefit, and to take away the pre-
judice of either of the confederates, alwayes faving to either nation the
leagues with other kingdomes, commonwealths, and nations, which have bin
heretofore made, and are in force: butt neither of the confederates; for the
future, fhall make any league or alliance with any forrein people or nations
whatſoever, to any prejudice of this prefent mutuall league, without the
knowledge before hand, and confent of the other confederate: and if any
thing fhall heerafter be agreed otherwife, it fhall be voyd, and fhall wholly give
way to this mutuall agreement; butt of the manner of mutuall ayde or af
fiftance to be given for defence of this league, and freedome of commerce and
navigation, where it fhall be neceffary, and reafon fhall require it, it ſhall be
fpecially agreed uppon according to the circumftances of time, and all other
things.
16. Concerning other advantages to be injoyed, and rules according to
which the fhippes of warre fhall demeane themfelves,, which fhall come into
the portes or ſtations of the other confederate; of the trade to be had in
America, alfo of the commodityes of fifhing for herrings, and other fiſh what-
foever; of the ſtaples and marts to be appointed for trade, and of other mat-
ters and conditions which may be required for the greater evidence of the
former articles, as by a perticular treaty and mutuall contract, fhall be heerafter
agreed.
17. Butt thofe matters which we have agreed in the former articles, fhall
forthwith from this moment of time obtain full force and be fincerely and
rightly obſerved by either party, and by all who are under their obedience,
faith, and commaund. And to the end, that for the time to come they may
be the more eſtabliſhed, and remaine firme as well by her royall majefty, as
alfo by the lord protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and
Ireland, and the territoryes thereunto belonging, in the name of his highnes
and the faid commonwealth, thefe prefents, with the proper fubfcriptions of
the hands of her majefty, and of his highnes, fhall be fubfcribed, figned, and
ratifyed.
In confirmation of all theſe things which are above written, and for fufficient
teftimony thereof, that on the parte of her royall majefty our moſt clement
lady, they fhall be moft religioufly and fully obferved, and be ratifyed within
the time præfixed, we have fubfcribed theſe prefents with our proper hands,
and armed them with our feals. Dated at Upfale, the 11th day of Aprill, in
the year 1654.
AXELIUS OXENSTIERNA,
ERICUS OXENSTIERNA AXELIUS.
#
Original
N. VII.
489
APPENDIX.
Original Letter to Whitelocke from Pementel. Vol. II. p. 113.
Les Lettres de Pementel, par lefquelles je puis avoir Paffeport, pour faire le
voyage par terre ſi j'en ay deffoub.
FXcellentiffimo Senor, el Senor embaxador de Yngalatera, mi lord White-
locke, a refuelto, aberado acabado fu embaxada en eſta corte, bolber per
efa provincia, abiendo paffado de Hamburgo a Colonia, y para poder legar
a Bauffarias con mayor feguridad, a defeado un paffaporte de S. A. El.
Senor Archiducque: y abiendo yo efcrito paraque fe defpache, y annadido
el pedir que fe remita a VXª. aquira, fuplico quiera mandar que fe entreq; a la
perfona que des de Colonia, ymbiare por el con efta El. Sr. embaxador, y que
pafando por efa villa, pueda conofer fu Ex. en los agafafos que VX. fabe
hacer la md. que a mi me hace, debiendo yo a efte cauallero fingulares favores
defeando manisfeftarle mi reconocimiento, eftoy cierto que VXª. me a-
yudara y vendra diſpueſto el darme muchos empleos de fu fervicio para Madrid,
donde me ha mandado pafar el rey noftro Sr. y para donde exco partir dentro
de tres o q. dias, tomando mi Eammo par Bucrs. adonde podre hallar las
ordenes de VX'. afegurandole, que en todas partes las eftimare y obedecere
con fuma puntualidad. gd. Enro Sr. a VX. los muchos annos que defeo."
Upfaley, abul 14 de 1654, V. Xmo. Sr.
Y
B. L. M. de VX'. fu m". fervidor,
ANT. PEMENTEL.
Original of the Commiffion of full Power, from the Queen of Sweden.
Vol. II. p. 127. R.
NOS Chriftina Dei gratia Suecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumq; regina, &c.
notum teftatumq; facimus quod cum e re communi mutuaq; noftri et
regni noftri, deniq; Olivarii domini protectoris reipublicæ Angliæ, Scotia, et
Hiberniæ, fuarumq; ditionum noftri boni amici dictæq; reipublicæ fit; ut anti-
qua illa amicitia et confuetudo quæ huic regno cum iis nationibus perpetuo in-
terceffit, confervetur, abaugeaturq; imprimis vero ut libertas commerciorum ac
navigationis, farta tecta et illibata maneat; atq; illius rei gratia prædictus do-
minus protector et refpublica, legatum fuum extraordinarium ad nos mittere
voluerit: proinde in mandatis dedimus, ut et hifce in optima forma manda-
mus et committimus, illuftriffimis nobis fincere fidelibus et dilectis, domino
Axelio Oxenstiernæ noftro regniq; Sueciæ fenatoris cancellario, &c. deniq;
domino Erico Oxenftiernæ Axelii, itidem noftro regniq; Sueciæ fenatori, &c.
ut cum ante nominato legato et plenipotentiario, de ineundo fupra prædictis
rebus aliifq; huic pertinentibus fœdere tractent, ftatuant, et concludant. Quic-
VOL. II.
Q 99
quid
490
3
APPEND I X.
No VII,
!
I
quid igitur dicti noftri plenipotentes commiffarii cum ante nominato legato re-
gerint, concluferint, ftatuerintq; id nos omne vigore harum præfentium ratum
gratumq; fumus habituæ præftabimufq; reipfa. In quorum fidem roburq; præſen-
tes, manu noftra fubfcriptas, figillo noftro majori muniri juffimus. Dabantur in
arce noftra Upfalienfi, die decima quarta Martii, anno fupra milleffimum
fexentefimo quinquagefimo quarto.
WE
The English of the Commiffion.
CHRISTINA.
E Chriftina, by the grace of God, queen of Swedes, Gothes, and Van-
dalls, &c. doe make knowne and teſtify, that, whereas it is the common
and mutuall intereſt of us and our kingdome, as alſo of Oliver lord protector
of the commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the dominions
therof, our good friend, and of the faid commonwealth, that the antient
friendſhip and alliance which hath alwayes bin between this kingdome and
thoſe nations be conferved and increaſed; and eſpecially that the freedome of
commerce and navigation doe continue ftraightly conformed and uninter-
rupted; and for that cauſe the forfayd lords, protector, and commonwealth
have bin pleaſed to fend their extraordinary ambaffador unto us: therfore,
we have commaunded, and doe by theſe preſents, in the beſt forme, com-
maund and commit unto the moſt illuftrious, our fincerely faithfull and be-
loved, the lord Axelius Oxenftierna, chancellor and fenator of us, and the
kingdome of Sweden, &c. and alſo to lord Eric Oxenſtierna, of Axelius, like-
wife a fenator of us, and of the kingdom of Sweden, &c. that they doe treat,
agree, and conclude with the before-named ambaffadore and plenipotentiary
about the making of a league concerning the foreſaid matters, and other
things therunto pertaining. Whatſoever therfore, our faid plenipotentiary
commiffioners fhall act, conclude, and appoint with the before-named am-
baffadore, we fhall hold the fame ratifyed and confirmed by force of theſe
prefents; in wittnes, and ftrengthening whereof, we have commaunded thefe
prefents, ſubſcribed with our hand, to be corroborated with our great feale of
the kingdome. Given in our caftle of Upfale, the fourteenth day of March,
in the yeare one thouſand fix hundred fifty and fower.
CHRISTINA.
Original Letter from the Queen of Sweden to Whitelocke, being her Grant of
Copper to him. Vol. II. p. 138. S.
OS Chriftina, Dei gratia, Suecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumq; regina,
&c. notum teftatumq; facimus, quod cum gratiffima nobis fint opera
illuftris et generofi nobis fincere delicti domini Bulftrodi Whitelocke, legati
extraordinarii quæ communi bono regni noſtri atq; fuæ republicæ ad pangen-
dum inter utrafq; partes arctioris amicitiæ fœdus, navaverat; idcirco ct
quo aliquod illi documentum benevolentiæ noftræ, gratæq; hoc nomine me-
moriæ conftet. Proinde dedimus et affignavimus, ut et hifce litteris noftris
damus
No VII.
491
APPENDI X.
damus et affignamus, dicto domino legato, æris ducenta pondo vulgo Schip-
pundt vocata, quæ 200 æris pondo, thefauri noftri cameræq; rationum præfecti,
antememorato legato, fine mora in manus tradere tenebuntur. In quorum
fidem majorem præfentes, manu noftra fubfcriptas, figillo noftro firmari juf-
Dabantur in arce noftra Upfalienfi die 3 Maii, anno 1654.
mus.
The English of the Warrant.
CHRISTINA.
W E Chriſtina, by the grace of God, queen of the Swedes, Gothes, and
Vandals, &c. doe make knowne, and teſtify, that wheras the endeavours
of the illuftrious and generous, of us fincerly beloved, the lord Bulftrode
Whitelocke, extraordinary ambaffador, are moft gratefull to us, which he
hath negotiated for the common good of our kingdome and his common-
wealth, for the making of a league of ftricter friendship between both
parties. Therefore, and to the end it may appeare as a teftimony of our good
will and gratefull memory on this behalfe; we have theruppon graunted and
affigned, and by theſe our letters doe graunt and affigne to the faid lord am-
baffador, two hundred pound of copper, commonly called fhip pours: the
which 200 pounds of copper, our treafurors and officers of our chamber of
accounts are obliged, without delay, to deliver into the hands of the before- ·
mentioned ambaffador. In greater teftimony wherof, we have commaunded
thefe prefents, fubfcribed with our hand, to be confirmed by our feale.
Given in our caftle of Upfale, the 3d day of May, in the year 1654.
CHRISTINA.
p. 185. T.
Original of the Articles touching Guinee. Vol. II. p. 185.
Sereniffimi ac celfiflimi domini Olivarii domini protectoris reipublicæ Anglia,
Scotia, et Hiberniæ, earumq; ditionum, atq; ejufdem reipublicæ com-
miffarius procurator deputatus et legatus extraordinarius, ego infrafcriptus
Bulftrodus Whitelockius, conftabularius caftri de Windfor, et unus cuftodum
magni figilli reipublicæ Angliæ, notum teftatumq; facio, quod cum ipfo
fœderis tractatu inter prædictum fereniffimum ac celfiffimum dominum meum
Olivarium dominum protectorem, ac fereniflimam potentiflimamq; principem
ac dominam dominam Chriftinam, Dei gratia Suecorum, Gothorum, Vanda-
lorumq; reginam &c. ftabilita fit firma pax et amicitia: eidem congruere po-
tiffimum judicavi modum reperire amovendis nonnullis populorum ac civium
invicem gravaminibus et, præripere materiam et occafionem unde in pofterum
enafcantur. Proinde de motis quibufdam quæftionibus ita cum illuftriflimis,
excellentiffimifq; tuæ regiæ mageftatis prædictæ regniq; Sueciæ, fenatoribus ac
plenipotentibus commiffariis dominis, domino Axelio Oxenftierna, regni can-
cellario, &c. et domino Erico Oxenftierna Axelii, generalis collegii commer-
ciorum præfide, &c. conveni quemadmodum fequentibus exprimitur et ex-
plicatur.
Q99 2
Imprimis,
492
No VII.
APPENDI X.
Imprimis, cum Anglicana quædam focietas in Guinea mercaturum exercens
conquæfta fit de quodam Henrico Carelorio qui directorem agens, nomine
Suecanæ focietatis in dictis oris, loca nonnulla ab Anglis habitata iifdem ar-
ripucrit, aliifq; moleftiis affecerit; prædicta vero focietas Suecana non tantum
modo nominati directoris ac fuam culpam nullam effe probandam fufceperit,
verum etiam fua iterum gravamina contra prædictæ focietatis Anglicana mi-
niftros repofuerit; hæ autem controverfiæ mercatorum particulares hac vice
ob certas rationes penitus abooleri non potuerint: confultiffimum utrinq; vifum
eft, ut quantocius coram certis utrinq; commiffariis amiciffime et fine am-
bagibus componantur. Interim autem convenit nulli præjudicio alterutri parti
hanc moram fore; adeo ut neq; focietatum prædi tarum participes ac mini-
ftri neq; ulli utriufq; ftatus fubditi ac cives fe invicem ulla, aut in Guinæa li-
berrimoq; ibidem commercio, aut in itinere, injuria aut moleſtia afficiant:
verum delata, prout fuperius indigitatum eft, ad fuperiores utriufq; contro-
verfiarum diremtione, amice inter fe vivant, et ea fe complectantur benevo-
lentia, quæ fœderi utrinq; conclufo confentanea eft. Idem etiam obfervetur
in America inter Nova Sueciæ et Anglorum colonias, ut amicitiam finceram
colant, et ab omnibus moleftiis ac injuriis utrinq; abftineant, inprimis autem
confervationi mutuæ ftudeant, donec de limitibus coloniarum et aliis fi quæ
fint amicitiæ legibus, fimul cum cæteris particularium negotiis, coram depu-
tatis utrinq; commiffariis, rite conveniri poterit. Quæ omnibus et fingulis
utriufq; ftatus fubditis ac civibus, quorum intereſt, injungenda ab iis obfervanda
fore, hifce præfentibus vi commiffionis meæ in me integerrime recipio, et fub-
fcriptione manus meæ, figilloq; corroboro.
I
The English Translate of the Articles of Guinnee.
THE fubfcribed Bulftrode Whitelocke, conftable of the caſtle of Windſor,
and one of the keepers of the great feale of the commonwealth of Eng-
land, commiffioner, procurator, deputy, and extraordinary ambaſſador of
the moſt ferene and moſt high lord Oliver lord protector of the common-
wealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the dominions therof, and
the fayd commonwealth, doe make knowne and teſtify, that, wheras by the
treaty of alliance between the fayd moſt ferene and my moft high lord Olliver
lord protector, and the moſt ferene and moſt potent prince and lady, the lady
Chriftina, by the grace of God, queen of the Swedes, Goths, and Vandalls,
&c. a firme peace and friendſhip is eſtabliſhed; and I have judged it chiefly
confonant therunto, to find out meanes to remove certaine grievances of the
people and cittizens of either ſtate, and to take away all grounds and occa-
fions therof which may arife in time to come. Therfore, uppon fome differ-
ences moved, I have agreed with the moſt illuftrious and moſt excellent lords,
plenipotentiary commiffioners, and fenators of her fayd royall majeſty, and
of Sweden, the lord Axelius Oxenstierne, chancellor of the ki dome, &c.
and the lord Eric Oxenftierne, fon of Axelius, prefident of the generall
colledge
N° VII.
493
APPENDIX.
colledge of trade, &c. in manner as by the following articles is expreſſed and
explained.
Firſt, wheras a certain company of Engliſh exercifing marchandiſe in
Guinnee, have complained of one Henry Carelove, who, being governor of
the Swediſh company in that countrey, did take away from the Engliſh certaine
places inhabited by them, and did other injuries to them; butt the fayd
Swediſh company, not only tooke uppon them to prove, that the before-
named governor did committ no fault, butt likewife made complaint of grie-
vances againſt the officers of the fayd Engliſh company, butt theſe perticular
differences of marchants att this time could not for certain reafons be wholly
determined; and therfore, it ſeemed moft counfellable to both parties, that in
a friendly way, without any indirect courfes, they may be compoſed by certeine
commiffioners on both fides: in the mean time, it is agreed, that the differring
heerof ſhall be to the prejudice of none of either part; fo that neither the
fellows or officers of the fayd companies, nor any ſubjects or cittizens of either
ſtate, ſhall offer any injury or moleftation to one another in Guinnee, or in
the free commerce or travayling there; butt as before is expreffed, the de-
termination of the differences being referred by both fides to the fuperiors,
they may live friendly among themfelves, and treate one another with that
good will which is confonant to the league concluded between them. The
fame alfo fhall be obferved in America between the colonies of New Sweden,
and of the Engliſh, that they doe imbrace a fincere friendſhip, and that either
party doe abftaine from all troubles and injuries to the other, butt chiefly
that they doe endeavour their mutuall prefervation, untill there be a cleerè
agreement before the deputed commiffioners on both fides, about the limits.
of the colonies, and other rules of friendſhip that ſhall be requiſite, togither
with other affayres of perticular perfons. Which matters, that they may be
injoyned to all and fingular the fubjects and cittizens of either ſtate, and may
be obferved by them, I have fully taken uppon me by theſe preſents, by virtue
of my commiffion, and doe confirme, by fubfcription of my hand, and by
my feale.
Original of Whitelocke's Speech to the Prince. Vol. II. p. 204. U and X.
I
MY LORD,
ESTEEME it a great happines, that an opportunitie prefents itfelfe to me
to kiffe the hands of your royall highnes, and to falute you on the part of
my lord protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland,
before my departure from this kingdome: the which I had performed ſooner,
and in another place, had I not bin hindered by the neceffity of my atten-
dance uppon the iffue of that bufines which was committed to my truft; butt
fince the conclufion thereof, I have continued heere purpoſely to adde to my
fatisfaction, that of having rendred my devoires unto your royal highnes,
and to certify unto you the friendſhip and refpects of his moft ferene highnes
my maſter.
After
494
N° VII.
APPENDI X.
>
After Whitelocke had done fpeaking, the Prince ſtayed a little time, and then in
French anfwered him to this purpofe.
MY LORD AMBASSADORE,
T would have bin trouble to me, if, after the conclufion of your bufines in
this country, you ſhould have bin put to the inconvenience of attending
my arrival in this place. I am glade it falls out to be before your departure
from the country, which hath given me the contentment of being acquainted
with you, and an occafion of teftifying the great refpect which I doe beare
unto my lord protector, and the commonwealth whome you ferve, and with
whom I receive much fatisfaction, to have a friendſhip and alliance contracted
by this kingdome, the which, I hope, and believe, will be for the good of
both nations, and of the Proteftant intereſt.
There is no perfon beares a greater regard to my lord protector than I doe,
and to your commonwealth: and I have heard fo much of your honorable
and prudent management of affayres heere, that it cauſed a great defire in
me to know you, and to have the opportunity of converfing with you, the
which you have att this time allowed me; and I doe thanke you for it, and
for the refpects of my lord protector which you are pleafed to prefent to me.
in his name, and I affure you they are moſt acceptable to me.
I
Vol. II. p. 223. Y.
PROMISE to procure unto myſelfe full power and authority from his moſt
ferene highnes my mafter, the lord protector of the commonwealth of Eng-
land, Scotland, and Ireland, within three moneths ſpace after my arrival in
any port of England, to fupply any defect of power or authority heertofore
given unto me, to treate with her moft ferene majefty the queen of Sweden
or her commiffioners, and to ratify all things which fhall be concluded be-
tween her majeſty or her commiffioners and me. Dated at Upfale, the 19th
day of May, in the year of our Lord 1654.
Original of Whitelocke's Letter to Marshall Vrangell. Vol. II. p. 256. Z.
To his Excellence the Field Marshall Vrangell, att Upfale.
I
SIR,
COULD not deteine the major generall Fleetwood heere any longer with me,
his defire was fo earneſt to be at Upfale att the coronation, left he fhould
feeme to neglect and fayle of his duety towards his royall highnes; butt he
made it his requeft to me, and it is mine to your excellence, that you would
be pleafed to be a means to his royall highnes, that he may returne to Stock-
holme, and that I may injoy his company till I goe away, which, in appear-
ance,
No VII.
495
APPENDI X.
ance, will be deferred longer than I could wifh, by reafon of the contrary
winds. I intreat your excellence to doe me the favour, in my name, to kiffe
the hands of her majefty, and of his royall highnes; and for the many fa-
vours which your excellence hath expreffed to me, as well att Upfale as in
this place, to accept the thankes of him, who is,
Stockholme, May 29.
1654.
SIR,
Your Excellencies moft humble fervant.
BULSTRODE WHITELOCKE.
Original Letter of Efrael Lagerfeldt to Whitelocke. Vol. II. p. 257.
Moft Illuftrious and moft Excellent Lord Ambaffador,
P. 257. A. A.
Although I much doubt whither theſe letters will find your excellence in
Sweden, yett, uppon this occafion, I would not either be wanting in my
duety, or deny the requeſt of certain Swedes. For, wheras two Swediſh
fhippes, wherof the mafter are called Bondrs, and Sibrand Jollis, were lately
taken and carryed into England; they hope, that by my interceffion, butt
chiefly by the friendly commendation of your excellence, they may be forthwith,
releaſed. If therefore the integrity of your excellence had not bin fufficiently
foreſeen by me, from thence I ſhould have much laboured, that the diſcharge
of thoſe and of other Swediſh ſhippes deteined in England, and being equall
in itſelfe, and conformable to the friendſhip and mutuall league, might have
bin commended to you.
It fufficith now att length, that I have acquainted your excellence with it,
as to whome nothing can be more pleafing, than that friends and confederate
nations may be more strictly united within themſelves, by a religious ob-
fervance of faith and juftice.
To conclude, I wish your excellence a happy returne to your countrey,
and moſt friendly doe commend my felfe and our Barkman to you. Dated
att Ubfale, the 27th of May, in the year 1654.
Moſt ready to doe all offices to your excellence,
ESRAEL LAGERFELDT.
The English of the Syndick's Speech. Vol. II. p. 285. B. B.
Moft Illuftrious and moſt Excellent Lord Ambaſſador,
THE
HE moſt noble fenate of Lubecke doe acknowledge with a gratefull
minde, that the moſt renowned Engliſh nation hath for may years paſt
afforded much favour to the people and merchants of this citty; and alſo,
whileft the ſharpe warre between the two neighbour commonwealthes did
rage, that our inhabitants received favour and juftice touching fome of their
fhippes taken att fea.
The
496
N° VII.
APPENDI X.
The moſt noble ſenate humbly returne their thankes, which they could not
better teſtify, than by their ſpeciall refpects towards a perſon of that con-
dition, of fuch eminency as they underſtand your excellence to be; with
this alfo, that you now exercife the office of extraordinary ambaffador from
that moſt honourable ſtate.
The moſt noble fenate doth congratulate the happy fucceffe of the negotia-
tion performed by your excellence, and alfo the arrivall of fo great a perfon
unto their citty.
If there be any thing in their citty in their power worthy of your excellen-
cies acceptance, whatſoever it be, we have it in commaunds to make offer of
it to you. This fenate is alſo forry, that it was fo late before they were
certefyed of your excellency's comming hither, that they could not further
confider how fo great a gueſt, and thoſe who are of your retinue, might be
entertained according to your merit; yett, they hope, that of your goodneſs,
they ſhall not be blamed for it. The magiftrates of this towne doe by us
intreat, that your excellency would be pleaſed to take it in good part how
ſmalle a prefent foever of Lubeck beere and Rhenifh wine, which they have
cauſed to be delivered to your excellency's officers.
Moft excellent lord; being confident of your courteſy, we hope it will not
be imputed to us as a fault, that in this inftant of time, we propound a few
things concerning our affayres, to the confideration of your excellence; we
confeffe that we are unfeaſonably importunate, butt underſtanding that your
ſtay will not be long in our citty, we are follicituouſly fearfull, leaft we may not
have the like opportunity againe. Therefore, we are required by our lords, to
certify your excellence, that many fhippes of this towne, fayling uppon their
traffique, meeting with Engliſh ſhippes of warre, have bin examined by them,
and bin preſently difmiffed freely, becauſe they were found not to have af-
forded any fupplyes unto your enemyes; nevertheles, the fame ſhippes ſhortly
after were feifed uppon by certaine privateers of yours (called Capers) and
are ſtill deteined, to the great dammage of the owners. This moft noble
fenate hopeth, that by the interceflion of your excellence, out of the juſtice
and favour of my lord protector, reftitution will be made of them to their
people, according to right and equity; for which end, both the magiſtrates
and people of this citty humbly intreat the favour and friendship of his
highneſs my lord protector, and the moft illuftrious commonwealth of
England, may be continued in what concernes their trade, or other matters.
The English of Whitelocke's Anfwer to the Syndick. Vol. II. p. 287. C. C.
Moft Worthey Perfons,
T is rightly obferved by you, that there hath bin antiently a friendſhip and
mutuall good will between the people of England and the cittizens of
Lubecke; nor hath a gratious mind of my lord protector of the common-
of England, Scotland, and Ireland, my mafter, bin att any time wanting to
you when occafion hath bin offered, and which, I nothing doubt, butt that it
ftill
N' VII.
497
APPEND I X.
ſtill continues wholly with his moft ferene highnes. Nor have I any fufpition,
butt that the moſt noble ſenate of this renowned citty, and the free cittizens
thereof, will afford all due honour to my lord protector my mafter, and good
affection to all thoſe of the Engliſh nation, who ſhall repayre hither uppon
occafion of trade or of converfation.
I defire you to returne thanks in my name to the moſt noble ſenate of this
citty, towards my lord protector my mafter, and to the commonwealth of
England, in the honorable reception of me their fervant, teſtifyed as well in
my arrivall att their port, as att my comming to their citty, and alſo in the
prefent which it pleaſed them to beſtow uppon me.
I take it for an honor, that they thinke fitt by me to move my lord pro-
tector, which office I willingly take uppon me to performe, as ſoon as it fhall
pleaſe God to afford me a returne to his moft ferene highnes, whofe care it is
that every one may receive what of right belongs unto him: indeed, I doubt
not, butt that perticular teftimonyes by reall effects will be found of favour
towards this famous citty.
M
The English of the Senator's Speech. Vol. II. p. 304. D. D.
Y Lord, who are extraordinary ambaffador of his moſt ferene highnes
Oliver by the grace of God, lord protector of the commonwealth of
England: as foon as the Lords of this towne were advertiſed of your inten-
tion to paffe by this citty, they were defirous to teftify their moſt humble
reſpects to my lord the protector, and to your perfon in particular; in
purſuance wherof we have received a commaund to come and falute you, and
to give you the welcome to this towne: they are extreamly joyfull of the
happy fucceffe which God hath given you in your negotiation in Sweden, and
that he hath pleaſed alſo to give you a gool paffage, and to favour you in
your returne as farre as this place, after you have overcome many difficulties,
and eſcaped many daungers; and we pray his divine goodnes to bring you in
fafety unto your owne country: we are alfo commaunded to acknowledge
the favours which my lord the protector of fo great a commonwealth hath
done to our citty, and the inhabitants therof, and perticularly during the
warre between England and the Low Countryes, in freeing and diſcharging
of our fhippes: we doe wifh to that flouriſhing ſtate the continuance and in-
creaſe of the divine favour, for their confervation and growth more and more;
and we hope that my lord the protector will continue with that commonwealth
their favours towards this towne, who will be alwayes ready to render unte
them all offices and humble reſpects.
VOL. II,
RrF
Whitelocke's
498
N° VIL.
APPENDIX.
Whitelocke's Anfwer to the Senator's Speech. Vol. II. p. 305. D. D.
GENTLEMEN,
I
HAVE great caufe to prayfe the name of God for his protection of me, and
of my company in our long and daungerous voyage, and for the happy
fucceffe which he hath given me in my negotiation, and for my fafe arrivall att
this place in my returne to my owne country.
I defire you to thanke my lords the fenators of this citty for the reſpects
which they have teftifyed towards his moft ferene highnes my mafter, and the
commonwealth of England, by the honour which they have done unto their
fervant, whereof I fhall not fayle to informe them.
I had a great defire to fee this renowned citty, and my countreymen, who,
by agreement doe live heere, from whome I have underſtood, with much con-
tentment, that their priviledges are maintained by my lords the magiftrates,
of which I defired to be informed; and his highnes, my mafter, will take it
in very good part the refpects and justice done to the Engliſh heere, a thing,
which I believe, will prove to the advantage both of the one and the other.
I give you thanks likewife for your good wiſhes for the profperity of our na-
tion, to whom God hath given fo great proofes of his prefence; and I fhall
pray the fame God alfo for the happines of this citty, and all her inhabitants.
The Letter to the Queen tranflated. Vol. II. p. 339. E. E.
MADAM,
T
HE great favours that I have received from your majefty, oblige me to
render an account of this which concernes me, wherin your majefty hath
much intereſt; fince that by your favours under God, I have already overcome
the difficulty of the greatest moiety of my voyage by fea. The Faire Ama-
ranta, notwithſtanding the calmes, contrary winds, and a terrible ftorme
which wee endured, by the direction of admirall Clere and captain Sincler,
(of whoſe honefty, refpect, and care towards me and my retinue) I am in-
debted as for a thouſand other favours unto your majefty, by the obedience
of the fhipp to thofe conductors. Wee were landed on Wedneſday the 7th
of June att Tremon, the port of Lubeck, on Saturday wee arrived att
Hamborough, where I am att prefent, in the English houfe. This morning
I thought not to fee the evening, being tormented with a fudden indifpofition
and a terrible tempeft, which I thought would have overthrowne me in this
haven.
After an extreame paine, it pleafed God to reftore me my health in a good
meafure; fo, that notwithstanding this ftrange accident, I hope it will be no
hinderance to my voyage. I pray God preferve your majefty, and make me
fo happy, being returned into my owne countrey, to have the opportunity
according to my fmale power, to teftify that I am
Your majeſty's moft humble and obedient fervant,
HANNIBALL SCHESTEST.
N. VII.
49,9
APPENDIX
Mon Seigneur,
Letter from the Lord Hanniball.
Oftre excellence aura recu par un de fes ferviteurs un petit billet de moy,
parlant de Gluitall, fur ce qu'avions parle, fuppliant tres humblement à
voftre excellence d'en avoir foins, fans aucun bruit, fi la commodite de
voftre excellence le permetera, je vous fupplie de vouloir efcrir un mot de
lettres au reſident d'ici, pour meiux jouir de fa bonne converſation, ſur ce
qui concerne la correfpondence auec voftre excellence, felon que voftre ex-
cellence m'auifera je me governeray exactement, me faint entirement à la ge-
nerofite de voſtre excellence, m'obligeant en home de honeur de vivre et
mourir,
Mon Seigneur,
de voftre excellence tres humble et tres obeiffant ferviteur,
HANNIBALL SCHESTEST.
Voftre excellence aura mille remerciement de l'honeur receu par ces canon-
ades, et excufera par ma diſgrace de n'avoir ofe refpondre.
The Lord Hanniball Schefteft's Letter tranflated. Vol. II. p. 341. F. F.
MY LORD,
OUR excellencie will receive by one of my fervants a letter from me,
concerning that wee were difcourfing of att Gluckftadt, moſt humbly
entreating your excellency to think of it; and if your excellencies conveni-
ency will permitt, to write a letter unto the reſident here, that by the ad-
vantage of his good acquaintance I may be the better able to correfpond with
your excellence: and, according to your excellencies advice, I fhall governe
myfelfe, being wholly at your excellencies difpofall; heerin your excellency
will oblige a perfon of honour, to live and die,
My Lord,
Your excellencies moft humble and obedient fervant,
HANNIBALL SCHESTEST.
I give your excellencie a thouſand thankes for the honour I received by the
gunns, and pray you would excufe my difgrace in being unable to anfwere.
Rrr &
Letter
300
N° VII.
APPENDIX.
I
Letter from Whitelocke to the Lord Sefted. Vol. II. p. 341.
MY LORD,
P. 341. F. F.
HAVE nothing to reply, butt my moſt humble thankes for the great honour
you have done me by your moſt acceptable vifits, both at Hamborough and
in this place, as alfo in fending this gentleman that brought me your excel-
lency's letters; when it fhall pleaſe God to bring me to England, I fhall not
be wanting to contribute all things in my power to ferve your excellency; and
I hope the iffue thereof will be to your content: within a few days, I hope,
I fhall be able to give your excellency an account of what you were pleaſed to
mention in your letters.
The ſmale teftimony of the reſpects I have for your excellency, fhowed att
your departure from my fhip, which your excellency is pleaſed to honour by
your eſteem, merits not your notice; I fhall be very joyfull to teſtify to your
excellency by better effect, that I am
Your excellency's moft humble and obedient fervant,
B. WHITELOCKE.
Original of a Letter from Grave Rantzow to Whitelocke. Vol. II.
P. 346. G. G.
MY LORD,
THE
HE king of Denmarke, my mafter, hath commaunded mee to come to
your excellence, and to falute you on his parte, and to bid you wellcome
to his harbours; and to lett you know, that if there be any thing in this
countrey, the governement wherof is committed to my truft by his majefty,
that it is at your commaund: his majefty alſo hath a great defire to ſee your
excellence, and to entertaine you att his court, defiring to embrace all occa-
fions, whereby he may teftify the reſpect which he bears to his highnes my
lord protector.
Whitelocke anſwered the Grave in French, which was to this effect.
Original of Whitelocke's Anfwer to Grave Rantzow's Letter.
MY LORD,
P. 346. H. H.
Vol. II.
THANKE his majefty the king of Denmarke for the reſpect which he hath
pleafed to teftify to his moft ferene highnes my mafter, and for the honour
which he is pleaſed to doe to me his fervant, wherof I fhall not fayle to informe
his highnes. I am alſo much obliged to your excellence for the honour of
your
N° VII.
501
APPENDI X.
1
your viſite, which you are pleafed to give me in this place, and chiefly in fo
bad a feafon. I ſhould alfo have much defired to kiffe his majeſty's hand, and
to fee his court, had not his highnes fent his fhippes exprefly to tranfport me
from hence to England; and I have heard reported, that the king hath re-
moved his court from Copenhagen elſewhere, by reaſon of the plague. I am
very joyfull to underſtand of the good health of his majeſty, to whom I wiſh
all happines.
Count Rantzow's Servant's Letter tranflated. Vol. II. p. 357. I. I.
To his Excellencie my Lord Whitelocke, Ambaſſador Extraordinary from
England, to the Queen of Sweden, moft humbly.
MY LORD,
WE judge ourſelves obliged to acquaint your excellencie, that our lord the
count of Rantzow hath commanded us to come and kiffe your excellencie's
hands, with a prefent from him of veinfon, wilde bores, hares, partridges, and
carpes, befeechin your excellence to refresh yourfelfe therewith dureing the
obftinacy of a contrary winde, which hinders your better accommodation;
and to affure your excellence how much he defires an occafion to ferve you,
and to knitt a more firme amite with your excellence: his excellence the count
is gone to his royall majeſtie, whom he will not faile to acquaint with your
excellencies civility towards him; and, without doubt, his majeftie will ef-
pouſe his intereft in affifting my mafter, to acquit himſelfe of his duty with
more amplitude than fortune hath enabled him to doe.
Butt, my lord, we were foe unfortunate as to arrive att Luckftadt five or
fix howers after your excellence had fet faile, and defcended towards the ſea,
notwithſtanding we tooke a boate immediately to follow, and not farre from
the haven where wee were told your excellence was forced to ſtay for a better
wind: we were mifereably beaten by a great ftorme, and constrained to return
without ability to performe the commands of the Count, which is an uncre-
dible difplcafure; your excellencies goodnes and incomparable generofity
makes us moft humbly to intreat your excellence to impute rather to our
misfortune the unhappy fucceffe of this our enterprife, then the will of the
Count, whofe letters here inclofed to your excellence will procure more cre-
ditt to our words: my lord, wee moft humbly beg your excellencies pardon
for our tedioufnefs, hopping to finde a more happy opportunity to teftify with
a better grace, that we are paffionately,
My Lord,
Your excellencies moft obedient fervant,
FRAN LOUIS VANDE WIEZ
Bath Berne.
:
:
J
f
532
APPENDI X.
Count Rantzow's Letter tranflated.
No VII.
To the most illuftrious, moft noble Lord Bulftrode Whitelocke, conftable of the
caftle of Windfor, Lord Keeper of the Great Seale of the Commonwealth
of England, and Ambaſſador extraordinary to the moft ferene Queen of
Sweden, and my much honoured Friend.
Moſt Illuftrious and moft Noble Lord, my much honoured Friend.
THAT magnificent and noble entertainment your excellency beftowed
uppon me yeſterday, I acknowledge as a fingular favour, for which I
return my moft hearty thankes to your excellency, defiring nothing more
than an occafion whereby I might in fome meaſure make a recompence: and
ſeeing the perverfnes of the wind hath hindered your excellency's departure
hitherto, I thought it my duty to manifeft my thankfullnes in preſenting
your excellency with fome veniſon and fiſh, which I intreate your excellency
to accept, being fuch as the feafon of the yeare would afford, although I hear-
tily wish your excellency a favourable winde and a profperous journey: ne-
vetheleffe, if it happens that your excellency may be forced to continue
longer in theſe parts, I have commanded my fervants in my abſence to ac-
commodate your excellency upon all occafions, becauſe I am to-morrow morn-
ing to take a journey towards his royall majefty, my moft gracious lord.
I recommend your excellency to the divine protection, befeeching your ex-
cellency to prefent my fervice to your fons.
13 June 1654.
Your excellency's moſt obfervant and wholly devoted
CHRISTIANUS Count of RANTZOW.
FINI S.
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STUDIAMAIKINIMAILLIESKIERIALULINIKILS
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v.2
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Whitelocke, Sir B.
A journal of the
Swedish ambassy